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www education/misc/po/edu-misc.translist educat...
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From: |
GNUN |
|
Subject: |
www education/misc/po/edu-misc.translist educat... |
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Date: |
Sat, 26 Dec 2015 08:58:42 +0000 |
CVSROOT: /web/www
Module name: www
Changes by: GNUN <gnun> 15/12/26 08:58:42
Modified files:
education/misc/po: edu-misc.translist edu-misc.uk.po
education/po : edu-system-india.uk.po
gnu/po : manifesto.translist manifesto.uk.po
why-gnu-linux.translist why-gnu-linux.uk.po
philosophy/po : vaccination.uk.po
Added files:
education/misc : edu-misc.uk.html
education/misc/po: edu-misc.uk-en.html
gnu : manifesto.uk.html why-gnu-linux.uk.html
gnu/po : manifesto.uk-en.html why-gnu-linux.uk-en.html
Log message:
Automatic update by GNUnited Nations.
CVSWeb URLs:
http://web.cvs.savannah.gnu.org/viewcvs/www/education/misc/edu-misc.uk.html?cvsroot=www&rev=1.1
http://web.cvs.savannah.gnu.org/viewcvs/www/education/misc/po/edu-misc.translist?cvsroot=www&r1=1.13&r2=1.14
http://web.cvs.savannah.gnu.org/viewcvs/www/education/misc/po/edu-misc.uk.po?cvsroot=www&r1=1.1&r2=1.2
http://web.cvs.savannah.gnu.org/viewcvs/www/education/misc/po/edu-misc.uk-en.html?cvsroot=www&rev=1.1
http://web.cvs.savannah.gnu.org/viewcvs/www/education/po/edu-system-india.uk.po?cvsroot=www&r1=1.1&r2=1.2
http://web.cvs.savannah.gnu.org/viewcvs/www/gnu/manifesto.uk.html?cvsroot=www&rev=1.1
http://web.cvs.savannah.gnu.org/viewcvs/www/gnu/why-gnu-linux.uk.html?cvsroot=www&rev=1.1
http://web.cvs.savannah.gnu.org/viewcvs/www/gnu/po/manifesto.translist?cvsroot=www&r1=1.14&r2=1.15
http://web.cvs.savannah.gnu.org/viewcvs/www/gnu/po/manifesto.uk.po?cvsroot=www&r1=1.5&r2=1.6
http://web.cvs.savannah.gnu.org/viewcvs/www/gnu/po/why-gnu-linux.translist?cvsroot=www&r1=1.17&r2=1.18
http://web.cvs.savannah.gnu.org/viewcvs/www/gnu/po/why-gnu-linux.uk.po?cvsroot=www&r1=1.1&r2=1.2
http://web.cvs.savannah.gnu.org/viewcvs/www/gnu/po/manifesto.uk-en.html?cvsroot=www&rev=1.1
http://web.cvs.savannah.gnu.org/viewcvs/www/gnu/po/why-gnu-linux.uk-en.html?cvsroot=www&rev=1.1
http://web.cvs.savannah.gnu.org/viewcvs/www/philosophy/po/vaccination.uk.po?cvsroot=www&r1=1.1&r2=1.2
Patches:
Index: education/misc/po/edu-misc.translist
===================================================================
RCS file: /web/www/www/education/misc/po/edu-misc.translist,v
retrieving revision 1.13
retrieving revision 1.14
diff -u -b -r1.13 -r1.14
--- education/misc/po/edu-misc.translist 22 May 2015 06:06:50 -0000
1.13
+++ education/misc/po/edu-misc.translist 26 Dec 2015 08:58:39 -0000
1.14
@@ -7,6 +7,7 @@
<span dir="ltr"><a lang="fr" hreflang="fr"
href="/education/misc/edu-misc.fr.html">français</a> [fr]</span>
<span dir="ltr"><a lang="hr" hreflang="hr"
href="/education/misc/edu-misc.hr.html">hrvatski</a> [hr]</span>
<span dir="ltr"><a lang="sq" hreflang="sq"
href="/education/misc/edu-misc.sq.html">Shqip</a> [sq]</span>
+<span dir="ltr"><a lang="uk" hreflang="uk"
href="/education/misc/edu-misc.uk.html">ÑкÑаÑнÑÑка</a> [uk]</span>
</p>
</div>' -->
<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="/education/misc/edu-misc.html"
hreflang="x-default" />
@@ -15,4 +16,5 @@
<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" lang="fr" hreflang="fr"
href="/education/misc/edu-misc.fr.html" title="français" />
<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" lang="hr" hreflang="hr"
href="/education/misc/edu-misc.hr.html" title="hrvatski" />
<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" lang="sq" hreflang="sq"
href="/education/misc/edu-misc.sq.html" title="Shqip" />
+<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" lang="uk" hreflang="uk"
href="/education/misc/edu-misc.uk.html" title="ÑкÑаÑнÑÑка" />
<!-- end translist file -->
Index: education/misc/po/edu-misc.uk.po
===================================================================
RCS file: /web/www/www/education/misc/po/edu-misc.uk.po,v
retrieving revision 1.1
retrieving revision 1.2
diff -u -b -r1.1 -r1.2
--- education/misc/po/edu-misc.uk.po 26 Dec 2015 08:39:36 -0000 1.1
+++ education/misc/po/edu-misc.uk.po 26 Dec 2015 08:58:40 -0000 1.2
@@ -10,12 +10,12 @@
"PO-Revision-Date: 2015-12-26 10:25+0200\n"
"Last-Translator: Andriy Bandura <address@hidden>\n"
"Language-Team: Ukrainian <>\n"
+"Language: uk\n"
"MIME-Version: 1.0\n"
"Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8\n"
-"Language: uk\n"
"Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit\n"
-"Plural-Forms: nplurals=3; plural=(n%10==1 && n%100!=11 ? 0 : n%10>=2 && n%10<"
-"=4 && (n%100<10 || n%100>=20) ? 1 : 2);\n"
+"Plural-Forms: nplurals=3; plural=(n%10==1 && n%100!=11 ? 0 : n%10>=2 && n"
+"%10<=4 && (n%100<10 || n%100>=20) ? 1 : 2);\n"
"X-Generator: Lokalize 2.0\n"
#. type: Content of: <title>
@@ -50,11 +50,11 @@
#. type: Content of: <p>
msgid ""
-"<a href=\"/education/education.html\">Education</a> → <a "
-"href=\"/education/misc/\">Misc</a> → Education Miscellaneous Materials"
+"<a href=\"/education/education.html\">Education</a> → <a href=\"/"
+"education/misc/\">Misc</a> → Education Miscellaneous Materials"
msgstr ""
-"<a href=\"/education/education.html\">ÐÑвÑÑа</a> → <a "
-"href=\"/education/misc/\">ÐнÑе</a> → ÐнÑÑ Ð¾ÑвÑÑнÑ
маÑеÑÑали"
+"<a href=\"/education/education.html\">ÐÑвÑÑа</a> → <a
href=\"/education/"
+"misc/\">ÐнÑе</a> → ÐнÑÑ Ð¾ÑвÑÑÐ½Ñ Ð¼Ð°ÑеÑÑали"
#. type: Content of: <h2>
msgid "Education Miscellaneous Materials"
@@ -67,9 +67,8 @@
"various languages, and similar."
msgstr ""
"Ðа ÑиÑ
ÑÑоÑÑнкаÑ
ми ÑÑимаÑмо ÑÑÐ·Ð½Ñ Ð²Ð¸Ð´Ð¸
маÑеÑÑалÑв, ÑÐºÑ Ð¼Ð¸ викоÑиÑÑовÑÑмо в "
-"наÑиÑ
"
-"оÑвÑÑнÑÑ
ÑÑоÑÑнкаÑ
, ÑÐ°ÐºÑ Ñк ÑоÑогÑаÑÑÑ,
ÑÑанÑкÑипÑÑÑ Ñ ÑÑбÑиÑÑи вÑдео на"
-"ÑÑзниÑ
моваÑ
ÑоÑо."
+"наÑиÑ
оÑвÑÑнÑÑ
ÑÑоÑÑнкаÑ
, ÑÐ°ÐºÑ Ñк
ÑоÑогÑаÑÑÑ, ÑÑанÑкÑипÑÑÑ Ñ ÑÑбÑиÑÑи вÑдео "
+"наÑÑзниÑ
моваÑ
ÑоÑо."
#. type: Content of: <h3>
msgid "Pictures"
@@ -89,9 +88,8 @@
"RMS with Indian youth, jpeg <a href=\"/education/misc/ambedkar-sm.jpg\">97 "
"KB</a>, <a href=\"/education/misc/ambedkar.jpg\">400 KB</a>"
msgstr ""
-"RMS Ñз ÑндÑйÑÑÐºÐ¾Ñ Ð¼Ð¾Ð»Ð¾Ð´Ð´Ñ, jpeg <a
href=\"/education/misc/ambedkar-sm.jpg\">"
-"97 "
-"KB</a>, <a href=\"/education/misc/ambedkar.jpg\">400 KB</a>"
+"RMS Ñз ÑндÑйÑÑÐºÐ¾Ñ Ð¼Ð¾Ð»Ð¾Ð´Ð´Ñ, jpeg <a
href=\"/education/misc/ambedkar-sm.jpg"
+"\">97 KB</a>, <a href=\"/education/misc/ambedkar.jpg\">400 KB</a>"
#. type: Content of: <p>
msgid "Vocational Higher Secondary School Irimpanam (VHSS Irimpanam)"
@@ -99,23 +97,21 @@
#. type: Content of: <ul><li>
msgid ""
-"Students at a Free Software event, jpeg <a "
-"href=\"/education/misc/irimpanam-school-sm.jpg\">65 KB</a>, <a "
-"href=\"/education/misc/irimpanam-school.jpg\">245 KB</a>"
+"Students at a Free Software event, jpeg <a href=\"/education/misc/irimpanam-"
+"school-sm.jpg\">65 KB</a>, <a href=\"/education/misc/irimpanam-school.jpg"
+"\">245 KB</a>"
msgstr ""
-"СÑÑденÑи на заÑ
Ð¾Ð´Ñ Ð¤ÐÐÐ, jpeg <a "
-"href=\"/education/misc/irimpanam-school-sm.jpg\">65 KB</a>, <a "
-"href=\"/education/misc/irimpanam-school.jpg\">245 KB</a>"
+"СÑÑденÑи на заÑ
Ð¾Ð´Ñ Ð¤ÐÐÐ, jpeg <a
href=\"/education/misc/irimpanam-school-sm."
+"jpg\">65 KB</a>, <a href=\"/education/misc/irimpanam-school.jpg\">245 KB</a>"
#. type: Content of: <ul><li>
msgid ""
-"Tux Paint interface in Malayalam, jpeg <a "
-"href=\"/education/misc/tuxpaint-sm.jpg\">46 KB</a>, <a "
-"href=\"/education/misc/tuxpaint.jpg\">193 KB</a>"
+"Tux Paint interface in Malayalam, jpeg <a href=\"/education/misc/tuxpaint-sm."
+"jpg\">46 KB</a>, <a href=\"/education/misc/tuxpaint.jpg\">193 KB</a>"
msgstr ""
-"ÐнÑеÑÑÐµÐ¹Ñ Tux Paint на Ð¼Ð¾Ð²Ñ Ð¼Ð°Ð»Ð°Ñлам, jpeg <a "
-"href=\"/education/misc/tuxpaint-sm.jpg\">46 KB</a>, <a "
-"href=\"/education/misc/tuxpaint.jpg\">193 KB</a>"
+"ÐнÑеÑÑÐµÐ¹Ñ Tux Paint на Ð¼Ð¾Ð²Ñ Ð¼Ð°Ð»Ð°Ñлам, jpeg <a
href=\"/education/misc/"
+"tuxpaint-sm.jpg\">46 KB</a>, <a href=\"/education/misc/tuxpaint.jpg\">193 "
+"KB</a>"
#. type: Content of: <h4>
msgid "Software"
@@ -127,111 +123,108 @@
#. type: Content of: <ul><li>
msgid ""
-"Tux Paint interface English, png, <a "
-"href=\"/education/misc/tuxpaint-start-sm.png\">30 KB</a>, <a "
-"href=\"/education/misc/tuxpaint-start.png\">83 KB</a>"
+"Tux Paint interface English, png, <a href=\"/education/misc/tuxpaint-start-"
+"sm.png\">30 KB</a>, <a href=\"/education/misc/tuxpaint-start.png\">83 KB</a>"
msgstr ""
-"ÐнглÑйÑÑкий ÑнÑеÑйÑÐµÐ¹Ñ Tux Paint, png, <a "
-"href=\"/education/misc/tuxpaint-start-sm.png\">30 KB</a>, <a "
-"href=\"/education/misc/tuxpaint-start.png\">83 KB</a>"
+"ÐнглÑйÑÑкий ÑнÑеÑйÑÐµÐ¹Ñ Tux Paint, png, <a
href=\"/education/misc/tuxpaint-"
+"start-sm.png\">30 KB</a>, <a href=\"/education/misc/tuxpaint-start.png\">83 "
+"KB</a>"
#. type: Content of: <ul><li>
msgid ""
-"Tux Paint interface German, png, <a "
-"href=\"/education/misc/tuxpaint-start-sm.de.png\">45 KB</a>, <a "
-"href=\"/education/misc/tuxpaint-start.de.png\">86 KB</a>"
+"Tux Paint interface German, png, <a href=\"/education/misc/tuxpaint-start-sm."
+"de.png\">45 KB</a>, <a href=\"/education/misc/tuxpaint-start.de.png\">86 KB</"
+"a>"
msgstr ""
-"ÐÑмеÑÑкий ÑнÑеÑÑÐµÐ¹Ñ Tux Paint, png, <a "
-"href=\"/education/misc/tuxpaint-start-sm.de.png\">45 KB</a>, <a "
-"href=\"/education/misc/tuxpaint-start.de.png\">86 KB</a>"
+"ÐÑмеÑÑкий ÑнÑеÑÑÐµÐ¹Ñ Tux Paint, png, <a
href=\"/education/misc/tuxpaint-start-"
+"sm.de.png\">45 KB</a>, <a href=\"/education/misc/tuxpaint-start.de.png\">86 "
+"KB</a>"
#. type: Content of: <ul><li>
msgid ""
-"Tux Paint interface Greek, png, <a "
-"href=\"/education/misc/tuxpaint-start-sm.el.png\">32 KB</a>, <a "
-"href=\"/education/misc/tuxpaint-start.el.png\">84 KB</a>"
+"Tux Paint interface Greek, png, <a href=\"/education/misc/tuxpaint-start-sm."
+"el.png\">32 KB</a>, <a href=\"/education/misc/tuxpaint-start.el.png\">84 KB</"
+"a>"
msgstr ""
-"ÐÑеÑÑкий ÑнÑеÑÑÐµÐ¹Ñ Tux Paint, png, <a "
-"href=\"/education/misc/tuxpaint-start-sm.el.png\">32 KB</a>, <a "
-"href=\"/education/misc/tuxpaint-start.el.png\">84 KB</a>"
+"ÐÑеÑÑкий ÑнÑеÑÑÐµÐ¹Ñ Tux Paint, png, <a
href=\"/education/misc/tuxpaint-start-"
+"sm.el.png\">32 KB</a>, <a href=\"/education/misc/tuxpaint-start.el.png\">84 "
+"KB</a>"
#. type: Content of: <ul><li>
msgid ""
-"Tux Paint interface French, png, <a "
-"href=\"/education/misc/tuxpaint-start-sm.fr.png\">31 KB</a>, <a "
-"href=\"/education/misc/tuxpaint-start.fr.png\">86 KB</a>"
+"Tux Paint interface French, png, <a href=\"/education/misc/tuxpaint-start-sm."
+"fr.png\">31 KB</a>, <a href=\"/education/misc/tuxpaint-start.fr.png\">86 KB</"
+"a>"
msgstr ""
-"ФÑанÑÑзÑкий ÑнÑеÑÑÐµÐ¹Ñ Tux Paint, png, <a "
-"href=\"/education/misc/tuxpaint-start-sm.fr.png\">31 KB</a>, <a "
-"href=\"/education/misc/tuxpaint-start.fr.png\">86 KB</a>"
+"ФÑанÑÑзÑкий ÑнÑеÑÑÐµÐ¹Ñ Tux Paint, png, <a
href=\"/education/misc/tuxpaint-"
+"start-sm.fr.png\">31 KB</a>, <a href=\"/education/misc/tuxpaint-start.fr.png"
+"\">86 KB</a>"
#. type: Content of: <ul><li>
msgid ""
-"Tux Paint interface Italian, png, <a "
-"href=\"/education/misc/tuxpaint-start-sm.it.png\">30 KB</a>, <a "
-"href=\"/education/misc/tuxpaint-start.it.png\">83 KB</a>"
+"Tux Paint interface Italian, png, <a href=\"/education/misc/tuxpaint-start-"
+"sm.it.png\">30 KB</a>, <a href=\"/education/misc/tuxpaint-start.it.png\">83 "
+"KB</a>"
msgstr ""
-"ÐÑалÑйÑÑкий ÑнÑеÑÑÐµÐ¹Ñ Tux Paint, png, <a "
-"href=\"/education/misc/tuxpaint-start-sm.it.png\">30 KB</a>, <a "
-"href=\"/education/misc/tuxpaint-start.it.png\">83 KB</a>"
+"ÐÑалÑйÑÑкий ÑнÑеÑÑÐµÐ¹Ñ Tux Paint, png, <a
href=\"/education/misc/tuxpaint-"
+"start-sm.it.png\">30 KB</a>, <a href=\"/education/misc/tuxpaint-start.it.png"
+"\">83 KB</a>"
#. type: Content of: <ul><li>
msgid ""
-"Tux Paint interface Japanese, png, <a "
-"href=\"/education/misc/tuxpaint-start-sm.ja.png\">30 KB</a>, <a "
-"href=\"/education/misc/tuxpaint-start.ja.png\">85 KB</a>"
+"Tux Paint interface Japanese, png, <a href=\"/education/misc/tuxpaint-start-"
+"sm.ja.png\">30 KB</a>, <a href=\"/education/misc/tuxpaint-start.ja.png\">85 "
+"KB</a>"
msgstr ""
-"ЯпонÑÑкий ÑнÑеÑÑÐµÐ¹Ñ Tux Paint, png, <a "
-"href=\"/education/misc/tuxpaint-start-sm.ja.png\">30 KB</a>, <a "
-"href=\"/education/misc/tuxpaint-start.ja.png\">85 KB</a>"
+"ЯпонÑÑкий ÑнÑеÑÑÐµÐ¹Ñ Tux Paint, png, <a
href=\"/education/misc/tuxpaint-start-"
+"sm.ja.png\">30 KB</a>, <a href=\"/education/misc/tuxpaint-start.ja.png\">85 "
+"KB</a>"
#. type: Content of: <ul><li>
msgid ""
-"Tux Paint interface Portuguese (Brazilian), png, <a "
-"href=\"/education/misc/tuxpaint-start-sm.pt-br.png\">31 KB</a>, <a "
-"href=\"/education/misc/tuxpaint-start.pt-br.png\">86 KB</a>"
+"Tux Paint interface Portuguese (Brazilian), png, <a href=\"/education/misc/"
+"tuxpaint-start-sm.pt-br.png\">31 KB</a>, <a href=\"/education/misc/tuxpaint-"
+"start.pt-br.png\">86 KB</a>"
msgstr ""
-"ÐоÑÑÑгалÑÑÑкий (бÑазилÑÑÑка) ÑнÑеÑÑÐµÐ¹Ñ Tux
Paint, png, <a "
-"href=\"/education/misc/tuxpaint-start-sm.pt-br.png\">31 KB</a>, <a "
-"href=\"/education/misc/tuxpaint-start.pt-br.png\">86 KB</a>"
+"ÐоÑÑÑгалÑÑÑкий (бÑазилÑÑÑка) ÑнÑеÑÑÐµÐ¹Ñ Tux
Paint, png, <a href=\"/education/"
+"misc/tuxpaint-start-sm.pt-br.png\">31 KB</a>, <a href=\"/education/misc/"
+"tuxpaint-start.pt-br.png\">86 KB</a>"
#. type: Content of: <ul><li>
msgid ""
-"Tux Paint interface Spanish, png, <a "
-"href=\"/education/misc/tuxpaint-start-sm.es.png\">31 KB</a>, <a "
-"href=\"/education/misc/tuxpaint-start.es.png\">86 KB</a>"
+"Tux Paint interface Spanish, png, <a href=\"/education/misc/tuxpaint-start-"
+"sm.es.png\">31 KB</a>, <a href=\"/education/misc/tuxpaint-start.es.png\">86 "
+"KB</a>"
msgstr ""
-"ÐÑпанÑÑкий ÑнÑеÑÑÐµÐ¹Ñ Tux Paint, png, <a "
-"href=\"/education/misc/tuxpaint-start-sm.es.png\">31 KB</a>, <a "
-"href=\"/education/misc/tuxpaint-start.es.png\">86 KB</a>"
+"ÐÑпанÑÑкий ÑнÑеÑÑÐµÐ¹Ñ Tux Paint, png, <a
href=\"/education/misc/tuxpaint-"
+"start-sm.es.png\">31 KB</a>, <a href=\"/education/misc/tuxpaint-start.es.png"
+"\">86 KB</a>"
#. type: Content of: <ul><li>
msgid ""
-"Tux Paint interface in Malayalam with stamps, jpeg, <a "
-"href=\"/education/misc/tuxpaint-stamps-sm.jpg\">65 KB</a>, <a "
-"href=\"/education/misc/tuxpaint-stamps.jpg\">298 KB</a>"
+"Tux Paint interface in Malayalam with stamps, jpeg, <a href=\"/education/"
+"misc/tuxpaint-stamps-sm.jpg\">65 KB</a>, <a href=\"/education/misc/tuxpaint-"
+"stamps.jpg\">298 KB</a>"
msgstr ""
-"ÐнÑеÑÑÐµÐ¹Ñ Tux Paint Ð·Ñ ÑÑампами на мовÑ
малаÑлам, jpeg, <a "
-"href=\"/education/misc/tuxpaint-stamps-sm.jpg\">65 KB</a>, <a "
-"href=\"/education/misc/tuxpaint-stamps.jpg\">298 KB</a>"
+"ÐнÑеÑÑÐµÐ¹Ñ Tux Paint Ð·Ñ ÑÑампами на мовÑ
малаÑлам, jpeg, <a href=\"/education/"
+"misc/tuxpaint-stamps-sm.jpg\">65 KB</a>, <a href=\"/education/misc/tuxpaint-"
+"stamps.jpg\">298 KB</a>"
#. type: Content of: <ul><li>
msgid ""
-"Appooppanthaady flower, jpeg, <a "
-"href=\"/education/misc/appooppanthaady-sm.jpg\">9 KB</a>, <a "
-"href=\"/education/misc/appooppanthaady.jpg\">22 KB</a>"
+"Appooppanthaady flower, jpeg, <a href=\"/education/misc/appooppanthaady-sm."
+"jpg\">9 KB</a>, <a href=\"/education/misc/appooppanthaady.jpg\">22 KB</a>"
msgstr ""
-"ÐвÑÑка Appooppanthaady, jpeg, <a "
-"href=\"/education/misc/appooppanthaady-sm.jpg\">9 KB</a>, <a "
-"href=\"/education/misc/appooppanthaady.jpg\">22 KB</a>"
+"ÐвÑÑка Appooppanthaady, jpeg, <a
href=\"/education/misc/appooppanthaady-sm."
+"jpg\">9 KB</a>, <a href=\"/education/misc/appooppanthaady.jpg\">22 KB</a>"
#. type: Content of: <ul><li>
msgid ""
-"Anthoorium flower, jpeg, <a href=\"/education/misc/anthoorium-sm.jpg\">7 "
-"KB</a>, <a href=\"/education/misc/anthoorium.jpg\">25 KB</a>"
+"Anthoorium flower, jpeg, <a href=\"/education/misc/anthoorium-sm.jpg\">7 KB</"
+"a>, <a href=\"/education/misc/anthoorium.jpg\">25 KB</a>"
msgstr ""
-"ÐвÑÑка анÑÑÑÑÑм, jpeg, <a
href=\"/education/misc/anthoorium-sm.jpg\">7 "
-"KB</a>, <a href=\"/education/misc/anthoorium.jpg\">25 KB</a>"
+"ÐвÑÑка анÑÑÑÑÑм, jpeg, <a
href=\"/education/misc/anthoorium-sm.jpg\">7 KB</"
+"a>, <a href=\"/education/misc/anthoorium.jpg\">25 KB</a>"
#. type: Content of: <p>
msgid "GCompris"
@@ -239,11 +232,11 @@
#. type: Content of: <ul><li>
msgid ""
-"GCompris interface, jpeg <a href=\"/education/misc/gcompris-sm.jpg\">44 "
-"KB</a>, <a href=\"/education/misc/gcompris.jpg\">198 KB</a>"
+"GCompris interface, jpeg <a href=\"/education/misc/gcompris-sm.jpg\">44 KB</"
+"a>, <a href=\"/education/misc/gcompris.jpg\">198 KB</a>"
msgstr ""
-"ÐнÑеÑÑÐµÐ¹Ñ GCompris, jpeg <a
href=\"/education/misc/gcompris-sm.jpg\">44 "
-"KB</a>, <a href=\"/education/misc/gcompris.jpg\">198 KB</a>"
+"ÐнÑеÑÑÐµÐ¹Ñ GCompris, jpeg <a
href=\"/education/misc/gcompris-sm.jpg\">44 KB</"
+"a>, <a href=\"/education/misc/gcompris.jpg\">198 KB</a>"
#. type: Content of: <h3>
msgid "Videos"
@@ -262,91 +255,66 @@
"веÑÑÑÑ Ð½Ð° ÑÑпанÑÑкÑй без ÑÑбÑиÑÑÑв</a>, 20.7
MB."
#. type: Content of: <p>
-#:
msgid ""
" Other versions with embedded subtitles in the following languages:"
msgstr " ÐнÑÑ Ð²ÐµÑÑÑÑ Ñз вбÑдованими
ÑÑбÑиÑÑами на ÑакиÑ
моваÑ
:"
#. type: Content of: <ul><li>
msgid ""
-"English: <a "
-"href=\"http://audio-video.gnu.org/video/rms-education-es-high-sub.en.ogv\";>47
"
-"MB</a> | <a "
-"href=\"http://audio-video.gnu.org/video/rms-education-es-low-sub.en.ogv\";>17 "
-"MB</a>"
-msgstr ""
-"ÐнглÑйÑÑка: <a "
-"href=\"http://audio-video.gnu.org/video/rms-education-es-high-sub.en.ogv\";>47
"
-"MB</a> | <a "
-"href=\"http://audio-video.gnu.org/video/rms-education-es-low-sub.en.ogv\";>17 "
-"MB</a>"
-
-#. type: Content of: <ul><li>
-msgid ""
-"French: <a "
-"href=\"http://audio-video.gnu.org/video/rms-education-es-high-sub.fr.ogv\";>56
"
-"MB</a> | <a "
-"href=\"http://audio-video.gnu.org/video/rms-education-es-low-sub.fr.ogv\";>14 "
-"MB</a>"
-msgstr ""
-"ФÑанÑÑзÑка: <a "
-"href=\"http://audio-video.gnu.org/video/rms-education-es-high-sub.fr.ogv\";>56
"
-"MB</a> | <a "
-"href=\"http://audio-video.gnu.org/video/rms-education-es-low-sub.fr.ogv\";>14 "
-"MB</a>"
-
-#. type: Content of: <ul><li>
-msgid ""
-"Italian: <a "
-"href=\"http://audio-video.gnu.org/video/rms-education-es-high-sub.it.ogv\";>47
"
-"MB</a> | <a "
-"href=\"http://audio-video.gnu.org/video/rms-education-es-low-sub.it.ogv\";>11 "
-"MB</a>"
-msgstr ""
-"ÐÑалÑйÑÑка: <a "
-"href=\"http://audio-video.gnu.org/video/rms-education-es-high-sub.it.ogv\";>47
"
-"MB</a> | <a "
-"href=\"http://audio-video.gnu.org/video/rms-education-es-low-sub.it.ogv\";>11 "
-"MB</a>"
-
-#. type: Content of: <ul><li>
-msgid ""
-"Portuguese (Brazilian): <a "
-"href=\"http://audio-video.gnu.org/video/rms-education-es-high-sub.pt-br.ogv\";>"
-"46 "
-"MB</a> | <a "
-"href=\"http://audio-video.gnu.org/video/rms-education-es-low-sub.pt-br.ogv\";>"
-"14 "
-"MB</a>"
-msgstr ""
-"ÐоÑÑÑгалÑÑÑка (ÐÑазилÑÑÑка): <a "
-"href=\"http://audio-video.gnu.org/video/rms-education-es-high-sub.pt-br.ogv\";>"
-"46 "
-"MB</a> | <a "
-"href=\"http://audio-video.gnu.org/video/rms-education-es-low-sub.pt-br.ogv\";>"
-"14 "
-"MB</a>"
-
-#. type: Content of: <ul><li>
-msgid ""
-"Spanish: <a "
-"href=\"http://audio-video.gnu.org/video/rms-education-es-high-sub.es.ogv\";>55
"
-"MB</a> | <a "
-"href=\"http://audio-video.gnu.org/video/rms-education-es-low-sub.es.ogv\";>17 "
-"MB</a>"
-msgstr ""
-"ÐÑпанÑÑка: <a "
-"href=\"http://audio-video.gnu.org/video/rms-education-es-high-sub.es.ogv\";>55
"
-"MB</a> | <a "
-"href=\"http://audio-video.gnu.org/video/rms-education-es-low-sub.es.ogv\";>17 "
-"MB</a>"
+"English: <a href=\"http://audio-video.gnu.org/video/rms-education-es-high-";
+"sub.en.ogv\">47 MB</a> | <a href=\"http://audio-video.gnu.org/video/rms-";
+"education-es-low-sub.en.ogv\">17 MB</a>"
+msgstr ""
+"ÐнглÑйÑÑка: <a
href=\"http://audio-video.gnu.org/video/rms-education-es-high-";
+"sub.en.ogv\">47 MB</a> | <a href=\"http://audio-video.gnu.org/video/rms-";
+"education-es-low-sub.en.ogv\">17 MB</a>"
+
+#. type: Content of: <ul><li>
+msgid ""
+"French: <a href=\"http://audio-video.gnu.org/video/rms-education-es-high-sub.";
+"fr.ogv\">56 MB</a> | <a href=\"http://audio-video.gnu.org/video/rms-";
+"education-es-low-sub.fr.ogv\">14 MB</a>"
+msgstr ""
+"ФÑанÑÑзÑка: <a
href=\"http://audio-video.gnu.org/video/rms-education-es-high-";
+"sub.fr.ogv\">56 MB</a> | <a href=\"http://audio-video.gnu.org/video/rms-";
+"education-es-low-sub.fr.ogv\">14 MB</a>"
+
+#. type: Content of: <ul><li>
+msgid ""
+"Italian: <a href=\"http://audio-video.gnu.org/video/rms-education-es-high-";
+"sub.it.ogv\">47 MB</a> | <a href=\"http://audio-video.gnu.org/video/rms-";
+"education-es-low-sub.it.ogv\">11 MB</a>"
+msgstr ""
+"ÐÑалÑйÑÑка: <a
href=\"http://audio-video.gnu.org/video/rms-education-es-high-";
+"sub.it.ogv\">47 MB</a> | <a href=\"http://audio-video.gnu.org/video/rms-";
+"education-es-low-sub.it.ogv\">11 MB</a>"
+
+#. type: Content of: <ul><li>
+msgid ""
+"Portuguese (Brazilian): <a href=\"http://audio-video.gnu.org/video/rms-";
+"education-es-high-sub.pt-br.ogv\">46 MB</a> | <a href=\"http://audio-video.";
+"gnu.org/video/rms-education-es-low-sub.pt-br.ogv\">14 MB</a>"
+msgstr ""
+"ÐоÑÑÑгалÑÑÑка (ÐÑазилÑÑÑка): <a
href=\"http://audio-video.gnu.org/video/rms-";
+"education-es-high-sub.pt-br.ogv\">46 MB</a> | <a href=\"http://audio-video.";
+"gnu.org/video/rms-education-es-low-sub.pt-br.ogv\">14 MB</a>"
+
+#. type: Content of: <ul><li>
+msgid ""
+"Spanish: <a href=\"http://audio-video.gnu.org/video/rms-education-es-high-";
+"sub.es.ogv\">55 MB</a> | <a href=\"http://audio-video.gnu.org/video/rms-";
+"education-es-low-sub.es.ogv\">17 MB</a>"
+msgstr ""
+"ÐÑпанÑÑка: <a
href=\"http://audio-video.gnu.org/video/rms-education-es-high-";
+"sub.es.ogv\">55 MB</a> | <a href=\"http://audio-video.gnu.org/video/rms-";
+"education-es-low-sub.es.ogv\">17 MB</a>"
#. type: Content of: <p>
msgid ""
"→ Video “How GIMP Changed Mani's Life - We Use GNU/Linux”:"
msgstr ""
-"→ ÐÑдео “Як GIMP змÑнив жиÑÑÑ ÐÐ°Ð½Ñ - Ðи
викоÑиÑÑовÑÑмо "
-"GNU/Linux”:"
+"→ ÐÑдео “Як GIMP змÑнив жиÑÑÑ ÐÐ°Ð½Ñ - Ðи
викоÑиÑÑовÑÑмо GNU/"
+"Linux”:"
#. type: Content of: <ul><li>
msgid ""
@@ -361,8 +329,8 @@
"<a href=\"http://audio-video.gnu.org/video/we_use_gnu-linux_low.ogv\";> Low "
"resolution</a>, 15 MB."
msgstr ""
-"<a href=\"http://audio-video.gnu.org/video/we_use_gnu-linux_low.ogv\";>
ÐизÑка "
-"ÑкÑÑÑÑ</a>, 15 MB."
+"<a href=\"http://audio-video.gnu.org/video/we_use_gnu-linux_low.ogv\";> "
+"ÐизÑка ÑкÑÑÑÑ</a>, 15 MB."
#. type: Content of: <p>
msgid "→ Video “Freedom in Practice at Irimpanam School”:"
@@ -374,28 +342,23 @@
"version in Malayalam without subtitles</a>, 107 MB."
msgstr ""
"<a href=\"http://audio-video.gnu.org/video/irimpanam-high.ogv\";>
ÐеÑвÑÑна "
-"веÑÑÑÑ "
-"на Ð¼Ð¾Ð²Ñ Ð¼Ð°Ð»Ð°Ñлам без ÑÑбÑиÑÑÑв</a>, 107 MB."
+"веÑÑÑÑ Ð½Ð° Ð¼Ð¾Ð²Ñ Ð¼Ð°Ð»Ð°Ñлам без ÑÑбÑиÑÑÑв</a>,
107 MB."
#. type: Content of: <ul><li>
msgid ""
-"English: <a "
-"href=\"http://audio-video.gnu.org/video/irimpanam-high-sub.en.ogv\";>109 "
-"MB</a>"
+"English: <a href=\"http://audio-video.gnu.org/video/irimpanam-high-sub.en.ogv";
+"\">109 MB</a>"
msgstr ""
-"ÐнглÑйÑÑка: <a "
-"href=\"http://audio-video.gnu.org/video/irimpanam-high-sub.en.ogv\";>109 "
-"MB</a>"
+"ÐнглÑйÑÑка: <a
href=\"http://audio-video.gnu.org/video/irimpanam-high-sub.en.";
+"ogv\">109 MB</a>"
#. type: Content of: <ul><li>
msgid ""
-"French: <a "
-"href=\"http://audio-video.gnu.org/video/irimpanam-high-sub.fr.ogv\";>110 "
-"MB</a>"
+"French: <a href=\"http://audio-video.gnu.org/video/irimpanam-high-sub.fr.ogv";
+"\">110 MB</a>"
msgstr ""
-"ФÑанÑÑзÑка: <a "
-"href=\"http://audio-video.gnu.org/video/irimpanam-high-sub.fr.ogv\";>110 "
-"MB</a>"
+"ФÑанÑÑзÑка: <a
href=\"http://audio-video.gnu.org/video/irimpanam-high-sub.fr.";
+"ogv\">110 MB</a>"
#. type: Content of: <h3>
msgid "Video Transcriptions and Descriptions"
@@ -407,46 +370,32 @@
#. type: Content of: <p>
msgid ""
-"<a "
-"href=\"/education/misc/rms-education-es-transcription.sq.txt\">Albanian</a> "
-"| <a "
-"href=\"/education/misc/rms-education-es-translation-to-en.txt\">English</a> "
-"| <a "
-"href=\"/education/misc/rms-education-es-transcription.fr.txt\">French</a> | "
-"<a href=\"/education/misc/rms-education-es-transcription.de.txt\">German</a> "
-"| <a "
-"href=\"/education/misc/rms-education-es-transcription.it.txt\">Italian</a> | "
-"<a "
-"href=\"/education/misc/rms-education-es-translation-to-pt-br.txt\">Portuguese
"
-"(Brazilian)</a> | <a "
-"href=\"/education/misc/rms-education-es-transcription.txt\">Spanish</a> |"
-msgstr ""
-"<a "
-"href=\"/education/misc/rms-education-es-transcription.sq.txt\">ÐлбанÑÑка</a>
"
-"| <a "
-"href=\"/education/misc/rms-education-es-translation-to-en.txt\">ÐнглÑйÑÑка</a>"
-" "
-"| <a "
-"href=\"/education/misc/rms-education-es-transcription.fr.txt\">ФÑанÑÑзÑка</a>
"
-"| "
-"<a
href=\"/education/misc/rms-education-es-transcription.de.txt\">ÐÑмеÑÑка</a>"
-" "
-"| <a "
-"href=\"/education/misc/rms-education-es-transcription.it.txt\">ÐÑалÑйÑÑка</a>
"
-"| "
-"<a "
-"href=\"/education/misc/rms-education-es-translation-to-pt-br.txt\">"
-"ÐоÑÑÑгалÑÑÑка "
-"(бÑазилÑÑÑка)</a> | <a "
-"href=\"/education/misc/rms-education-es-transcription.txt\">ÐÑпанÑÑка</a>
|"
+"<a href=\"/education/misc/rms-education-es-transcription.sq.txt\">Albanian</"
+"a> | <a href=\"/education/misc/rms-education-es-translation-to-en.txt"
+"\">English</a> | <a href=\"/education/misc/rms-education-es-transcription.fr."
+"txt\">French</a> | <a href=\"/education/misc/rms-education-es-transcription."
+"de.txt\">German</a> | <a href=\"/education/misc/rms-education-es-"
+"transcription.it.txt\">Italian</a> | <a href=\"/education/misc/rms-education-"
+"es-translation-to-pt-br.txt\">Portuguese (Brazilian)</a> | <a href=\"/"
+"education/misc/rms-education-es-transcription.txt\">Spanish</a> |"
+msgstr ""
+"<a
href=\"/education/misc/rms-education-es-transcription.sq.txt\">ÐлбанÑÑка</"
+"a> | <a href=\"/education/misc/rms-education-es-translation-to-en.txt"
+"\">ÐнглÑйÑÑка</a> | <a
href=\"/education/misc/rms-education-es-transcription."
+"fr.txt\">ФÑанÑÑзÑка</a> | <a
href=\"/education/misc/rms-education-es-"
+"transcription.de.txt\">ÐÑмеÑÑка</a> | <a href=\"/education/misc/rms-"
+"education-es-transcription.it.txt\">ÐÑалÑйÑÑка</a> | <a
href=\"/education/"
+"misc/rms-education-es-translation-to-pt-br.txt\">ÐоÑÑÑгалÑÑÑка
(бÑазилÑÑÑка)"
+"</a> | <a href=\"/education/misc/rms-education-es-transcription.txt"
+"\">ÐÑпанÑÑка</a> |"
#. type: Content of: <ul><li>
msgid ""
-"Descriptions of the video “How GIMP Changed Mani's Life - We Use "
-"GNU/Linux”:"
+"Descriptions of the video “How GIMP Changed Mani's Life - We Use GNU/"
+"Linux”:"
msgstr ""
-"ÐпиÑи вÑдео “Як GIMP змÑнив жиÑÑÑ ÐÐ°Ð½Ñ -
Ðи викоÑиÑÑовÑÑмо "
-"GNU/Linux”:"
+"ÐпиÑи вÑдео “Як GIMP змÑнив жиÑÑÑ ÐÐ°Ð½Ñ -
Ðи викоÑиÑÑовÑÑмо GNU/"
+"Linux”:"
#. type: Content of: <p>
msgid ""
@@ -454,11 +403,9 @@
"| <a href=\"/education/misc/we_use_gnu-linux_description.fr.txt\">French</a> "
"|"
msgstr ""
-"<a
href=\"/education/misc/we_use_gnu-linux_description.en.txt\">ÐнглÑйÑÑка</a>"
-" "
-"| <a
href=\"/education/misc/we_use_gnu-linux_description.fr.txt\">ФÑанÑÑзÑка<"
-"/a> "
-"|"
+"<a
href=\"/education/misc/we_use_gnu-linux_description.en.txt\">ÐнглÑйÑÑка</"
+"a> | <a href=\"/education/misc/we_use_gnu-linux_description.fr.txt"
+"\">ФÑанÑÑзÑка</a> |"
#. type: Content of: <h3>
msgid "Video Subtitles in SubRip Format"
@@ -471,22 +418,20 @@
#. type: Content of: <p>
msgid ""
"<a href=\"/education/misc/rms-education-es-sub.sq.srt\">Albanian</a> | <a "
-"href=\"/education/misc/rms-education-es-sub.en.srt\">English</a> | <a "
-"href=\"/education/misc/rms-education-es-sub.fr.srt\">French</a> | <a "
-"href=\"/education/misc/rms-education-es-sub.de.srt\">German</a> | <a "
-"href=\"/education/misc/rms-education-es-sub.it.srt\">Italian</a> | <a "
-"href=\"/education/misc/rms-education-es-sub.pt-br.srt\">Portuguese "
-"(Brazilian)</a> | <a "
-"href=\"/education/misc/rms-education-es-sub.es.srt\">Spanish</a> |"
+"href=\"/education/misc/rms-education-es-sub.en.srt\">English</a> | <a href="
+"\"/education/misc/rms-education-es-sub.fr.srt\">French</a> | <a href=\"/"
+"education/misc/rms-education-es-sub.de.srt\">German</a> | <a href=\"/"
+"education/misc/rms-education-es-sub.it.srt\">Italian</a> | <a href=\"/"
+"education/misc/rms-education-es-sub.pt-br.srt\">Portuguese (Brazilian)</a> | "
+"<a href=\"/education/misc/rms-education-es-sub.es.srt\">Spanish</a> |"
msgstr ""
"<a
href=\"/education/misc/rms-education-es-sub.sq.srt\">ÐлбанÑÑка</a> |
<a "
"href=\"/education/misc/rms-education-es-sub.en.srt\">ÐнглÑйÑÑка</a>
| <a "
"href=\"/education/misc/rms-education-es-sub.fr.srt\">ФÑанÑÑзÑка</a>
| <a "
-"href=\"/education/misc/rms-education-es-sub.de.srt\">ÐÑмеÑÑка</a> |
<a "
-"href=\"/education/misc/rms-education-es-sub.it.srt\">ÐÑалÑйÑÑка</a>
| <a "
-"href=\"/education/misc/rms-education-es-sub.pt-br.srt\">ÐоÑÑÑгалÑÑÑка
"
-"(бÑазилÑÑÑка)</a> | <a "
-"href=\"/education/misc/rms-education-es-sub.es.srt\">ÐÑпанÑÑка</a> |"
+"href=\"/education/misc/rms-education-es-sub.de.srt\">ÐÑмеÑÑка</a> |
<a href="
+"\"/education/misc/rms-education-es-sub.it.srt\">ÐÑалÑйÑÑка</a> | <a
href=\"/"
+"education/misc/rms-education-es-sub.pt-br.srt\">ÐоÑÑÑгалÑÑÑка
(бÑазилÑÑÑка)</"
+"a> | <a
href=\"/education/misc/rms-education-es-sub.es.srt\">ÐÑпанÑÑка</a> |"
#. type: Content of: <ul><li>
msgid ""
@@ -497,13 +442,13 @@
#. type: Content of: <p>
msgid ""
-"<a href=\"/education/misc/irimpanam.sq.srt\">Albanian</a> | <a "
-"href=\"/education/misc/irimpanam.en.srt\">English</a> | <a "
-"href=\"/education/misc/irimpanam.fr.srt\">French</a> |"
-msgstr ""
-"<a href=\"/education/misc/irimpanam.sq.srt\">ÐлбанÑÑка</a> | <a "
-"href=\"/education/misc/irimpanam.en.srt\">ÐнглÑйÑÑка</a> | <a "
-"href=\"/education/misc/irimpanam.fr.srt\">ФÑанÑÑзÑка</a> |"
+"<a href=\"/education/misc/irimpanam.sq.srt\">Albanian</a> | <a href=\"/"
+"education/misc/irimpanam.en.srt\">English</a> | <a href=\"/education/misc/"
+"irimpanam.fr.srt\">French</a> |"
+msgstr ""
+"<a href=\"/education/misc/irimpanam.sq.srt\">ÐлбанÑÑка</a> | <a
href=\"/"
+"education/misc/irimpanam.en.srt\">ÐнглÑйÑÑка</a> | <a
href=\"/education/misc/"
+"irimpanam.fr.srt\">ФÑанÑÑзÑка</a> |"
#. type: Content of: <h3>
msgid "Audio"
@@ -511,27 +456,27 @@
#. type: Content of: <ul><li>
msgid ""
-"Pronunciation in Malayalam: Appooppanthaady flower, ogg. <a "
-"href=\"/education/misc/appooppanthady.ogg\">35 KB</a>"
+"Pronunciation in Malayalam: Appooppanthaady flower, ogg. <a href=\"/"
+"education/misc/appooppanthady.ogg\">35 KB</a>"
msgstr ""
-"Ðимова на Ð¼Ð¾Ð²Ñ Ð¼Ð°Ð»Ð°Ñалам: квÑÑка Appooppanthaady,
ogg. <a "
-"href=\"/education/misc/appooppanthady.ogg\">35 KB</a>"
+"Ðимова на Ð¼Ð¾Ð²Ñ Ð¼Ð°Ð»Ð°Ñалам: квÑÑка Appooppanthaady,
ogg. <a href=\"/education/"
+"misc/appooppanthady.ogg\">35 KB</a>"
#. type: Content of: <ul><li>
msgid ""
-"Pronunciation in Malayalam: Anthoorium flower, ogg, <a "
-"href=\"/education/misc/anthoorium.ogg\">42 KB</a>"
+"Pronunciation in Malayalam: Anthoorium flower, ogg, <a href=\"/education/"
+"misc/anthoorium.ogg\">42 KB</a>"
msgstr ""
-"Ðимова на Ð¼Ð¾Ð²Ñ Ð¼Ð°Ð»Ð°Ñлам: квÑÑка анÑÑÑÑÑм,
ogg, <a "
-"href=\"/education/misc/anthoorium.ogg\">42 KB</a>"
+"Ðимова на Ð¼Ð¾Ð²Ñ Ð¼Ð°Ð»Ð°Ñлам: квÑÑка анÑÑÑÑÑм,
ogg, <a href=\"/education/misc/"
+"anthoorium.ogg\">42 KB</a>"
#. type: Content of: <ul><li>
msgid ""
-"Pronunciation in Malayalam: Adeenia flower, ogg, <a "
-"href=\"/education/misc/adeenia.ogg\">30 KB</a>"
+"Pronunciation in Malayalam: Adeenia flower, ogg, <a href=\"/education/misc/"
+"adeenia.ogg\">30 KB</a>"
msgstr ""
-"Ðимова на Ð¼Ð¾Ð²Ñ Ð¼Ð°Ð»Ð°Ñлам: квÑÑка аденÑÑм,
ogg, <a "
-"href=\"/education/misc/adeenia.ogg\">30 KB</a>"
+"Ðимова на Ð¼Ð¾Ð²Ñ Ð¼Ð°Ð»Ð°Ñлам: квÑÑка аденÑÑм,
ogg, <a href=\"/education/misc/"
+"adeenia.ogg\">30 KB</a>"
#. TRANSLATORS: Use space (SPC) as msgstr if you don't have notes.
#. type: Content of: <div>
@@ -540,11 +485,11 @@
#. type: Content of: <div><div><p>
msgid ""
-"Please send general FSF & GNU inquiries to <a "
-"href=\"mailto:address@hidden";><address@hidden></a>. There are also <a "
-"href=\"/contact/\">other ways to contact</a> the FSF. Broken links and "
-"other corrections or suggestions can be sent to <a "
-"href=\"mailto:address@hidden";><address@hidden></a>."
+"Please send general FSF & GNU inquiries to <a
href=\"mailto:address@hidden";
+"\"><address@hidden></a>. There are also <a href=\"/contact/\">other
ways "
+"to contact</a> the FSF. Broken links and other corrections or suggestions "
+"can be sent to <a href=\"mailto:address@hidden";><address@hidden"
+"org></a>."
msgstr ""
"ÐÑÐ´Ñ Ð»Ð°Ñка, надÑилайÑе загалÑÐ½Ñ Ð·Ð°Ð¿Ð¸Ñи
ÑÐ¾Ð½Ð´Ñ Ñа GNU за адÑеÑÐ¾Ñ <a href="
"\"mailto:address@hidden";><address@hidden></a>. ÐаÑÐ²Ð½Ñ Ñакож
<a href=\"/"
@@ -552,25 +497,25 @@
"Ñ ÑнÑÑ Ð²Ð¸Ð¿ÑÐ°Ð²Ð»ÐµÐ½Ð½Ñ Ñи пÑопозиÑÑÑ Ð¼Ð¾Ð¶Ð½Ð°
надÑилаÑи за адÑеÑÐ¾Ñ <a href=\"mailto:";
"address@hidden"><address@hidden></a>."
+#
+#
+#
#. TRANSLATORS: Ignore the original text in this paragraph,
#. replace it with the translation of these two:
-#
#. We work hard and do our best to provide accurate, good quality
#. translations. However, we are not exempt from imperfection.
#. Please send your comments and general suggestions in this regard
#. to <a href="mailto:address@hidden";>
-#
#. <address@hidden></a>.</p>
-#
#. <p>For information on coordinating and submitting translations of
#. our web pages, see <a
#. href="/server/standards/README.translations.html">Translations
#. README</a>.
#. type: Content of: <div><div><p>
msgid ""
-"Please see the <a "
-"href=\"/server/standards/README.translations.html\">Translations README</a> "
-"for information on coordinating and submitting translations of this article."
+"Please see the <a href=\"/server/standards/README.translations.html"
+"\">Translations README</a> for information on coordinating and submitting "
+"translations of this article."
msgstr ""
"Ðи намагалиÑÑ Ð·ÑобиÑи Ñей пеÑеклад ÑоÑним
Ñа ÑкÑÑним, але виклÑÑиÑи "
"можливÑÑÑÑ Ð¿Ð¾Ð¼Ð¸Ð»ÐºÐ¸ ми не можемо.
ÐадÑилайÑе, бÑÐ´Ñ Ð»Ð°Ñка, ÑÐ²Ð¾Ñ Ð·Ð°ÑÐ²Ð°Ð¶ÐµÐ½Ð½Ñ Ñ "
@@ -582,20 +527,18 @@
#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid "Copyright © 2011, 2012 Free Software Foundation, Inc."
msgstr ""
-"Copyright © 2011, 2012 Фонд вÑлÑного "
-"пÑогÑамного забезпеÑеннÑ, Inc."
+"Copyright © 2011, 2012 Фонд вÑлÑного пÑогÑамного
забезпеÑеннÑ, Inc."
#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
-"This page is licensed under a <a rel=\"license\" "
-"href=\"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nd/3.0/us/\";>Creative Commons "
-"Attribution-NoDerivs 3.0 United States License</a>."
-msgstr ""
-"Ð¦Ñ ÑÑоÑÑнка доÑÑÑпна на ÑмоваÑ
<a rel=\"license\" "
-"href=\"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nd/3.0/us/deed.uk\";>
лÑÑензÑÑ "
-"Creative Commons Attribution-"
-"NoDerivatives (<em>Ðз зазнаÑеннÑм
авÑоÑÑÑва — Ðез "
-"поÑ
ÑдниÑ
</em>) 3.0 СполÑÑÐµÐ½Ñ Ð¨ÑаÑи</a>."
+"This page is licensed under a <a rel=\"license\" href=\"http://";
+"creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nd/3.0/us/\">Creative Commons Attribution-"
+"NoDerivs 3.0 United States License</a>."
+msgstr ""
+"Ð¦Ñ ÑÑоÑÑнка доÑÑÑпна на ÑмоваÑ
<a rel=\"license\"
href=\"http://";
+"creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nd/3.0/us/deed.uk\"> лÑÑензÑÑ
Creative "
+"Commons Attribution-NoDerivs (<em>Ðз зазнаÑеннÑм
авÑоÑÑÑва — Ðез "
+"поÑ
ÑдниÑ
ÑвоÑÑв</em>) 3.0 СполÑÑÐµÐ½Ñ Ð¨ÑаÑи</a>."
#. TRANSLATORS: Use space (SPC) as msgstr if you don't want credits.
#. type: Content of: <div><div>
@@ -607,4 +550,3 @@
#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid "Updated:"
msgstr "Ðновлено:"
-
Index: education/po/edu-system-india.uk.po
===================================================================
RCS file: /web/www/www/education/po/edu-system-india.uk.po,v
retrieving revision 1.1
retrieving revision 1.2
diff -u -b -r1.1 -r1.2
--- education/po/edu-system-india.uk.po 26 Dec 2015 08:39:35 -0000 1.1
+++ education/po/edu-system-india.uk.po 26 Dec 2015 08:58:40 -0000 1.2
@@ -10,12 +10,13 @@
"PO-Revision-Date: 2015-12-26 10:35+0200\n"
"Last-Translator: Andriy Bandura <address@hidden>\n"
"Language-Team: Ukrainian <>\n"
+"Language: uk\n"
"MIME-Version: 1.0\n"
"Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8\n"
-"Language: uk\n"
"Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit\n"
-"Plural-Forms: nplurals=3; plural=(n%10==1 && n%100!=11 ? 0 : n%10>=2 && n%10<"
-"=4 && (n%100<10 || n%100>=20) ? 1 : 2);\n"
+"X-Outdated-Since: 2014-12-07 16:25+0000\n"
+"Plural-Forms: nplurals=3; plural=(n%10==1 && n%100!=11 ? 0 : n%10>=2 && n"
+"%10<=4 && (n%100<10 || n%100>=20) ? 1 : 2);\n"
"X-Generator: Lokalize 2.0\n"
#. type: Content of: <title>
@@ -49,13 +50,12 @@
#. type: Content of: <p>
msgid ""
-"<a href=\"/education/education.html\">Education</a> → <a "
-"href=\"/education/education.html#indepth\">In Depth</a> → The Education "
-"System in India"
-msgstr ""
-"<a href=\"/education/education.html\">ÐÑвÑÑа</a> → <a "
-"href=\"/education/education.html#indepth\">ÐодÑобиÑÑ</a> →
СиÑÑема "
-"оÑвÑÑи в ÐндÑÑ"
+"<a href=\"/education/education.html\">Education</a> → <a href=\"/"
+"education/education.html#indepth\">In Depth</a> → The Education System "
+"in India"
+msgstr ""
+"<a href=\"/education/education.html\">ÐÑвÑÑа</a> → <a
href=\"/education/"
+"education.html#indepth\">ÐодÑобиÑÑ</a> → СиÑÑема
оÑвÑÑи в ÐндÑÑ"
#. type: Content of: <h2>
msgid "The Education System in India"
@@ -100,15 +100,15 @@
"The Uttar Pradesh (a state in India) Board of High School and Intermediate "
"Education was the first Board set up in India in the year 1921 with "
"jurisdiction over Rajputana, Central India and Gwalior. In 1929, the Board "
-"of High School and Intermediate Education, Rajputana, was "
-"established. Later, boards were established in some of the states. But "
-"eventually, in 1952, the constitution of the board was amended and it was "
-"renamed Central Board of Secondary Education (CBSE). All schools in Delhi "
-"and some other regions came under the Board. It was the function of the "
-"Board to decide on things like curriculum, textbooks and examination system "
-"for all schools affiliated to it. Today there are thousands of schools "
-"affiliated to the Board, both within India and in many other countries from "
-"Afghanistan to Zimbabwe."
+"of High School and Intermediate Education, Rajputana, was established. "
+"Later, boards were established in some of the states. But eventually, in "
+"1952, the constitution of the board was amended and it was renamed Central "
+"Board of Secondary Education (CBSE). All schools in Delhi and some other "
+"regions came under the Board. It was the function of the Board to decide on "
+"things like curriculum, textbooks and examination system for all schools "
+"affiliated to it. Today there are thousands of schools affiliated to the "
+"Board, both within India and in many other countries from Afghanistan to "
+"Zimbabwe."
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <p>
@@ -132,16 +132,15 @@
"the poor state of affairs in education sector in India, the most notable "
"ones being the National Common Minimum Programme (NCMP) of the United "
"Progressive Alliance (UPA) government. The announcements are; (a) To "
-"progressively increase expenditure on education to around 6 percent of "
-"GDP. (b) To support this increase in expenditure on education, and to "
-"increase the quality of education, there would be an imposition of an "
-"education cess over all central government taxes. (c) To ensure that no one "
-"is denied of education due to economic backwardness and poverty. (d) To make "
-"right to education a fundamental right for all children in the age group "
-"6–14 years. (e) To universalize education through its flagship "
-"programmes such as Sarva Siksha Abhiyan and Mid Day Meal.” <a "
-"href=\"http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Education_in_india\";>Wikipedia: "
-"Education in India</a>."
+"progressively increase expenditure on education to around 6 percent of GDP. "
+"(b) To support this increase in expenditure on education, and to increase "
+"the quality of education, there would be an imposition of an education cess "
+"over all central government taxes. (c) To ensure that no one is denied of "
+"education due to economic backwardness and poverty. (d) To make right to "
+"education a fundamental right for all children in the age group 6–14 "
+"years. (e) To universalize education through its flagship programmes such as "
+"Sarva Siksha Abhiyan and Mid Day Meal.” <a href=\"http://en.wikipedia.";
+"org/wiki/Education_in_india\">Wikipedia: Education in India</a>."
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <h3>
@@ -172,13 +171,13 @@
msgid ""
"There is a national organization that plays a key role in developing "
"policies and programmes, called the National Council for Educational "
-"Research and Training (NCERT) that prepares a National Curriculum "
-"Framework. Each state has its counterpart called the State Council for "
-"Educational Research and Training (SCERT). These are the bodies that "
-"essentially propose educational strategies, curricula, pedagogical schemes "
-"and evaluation methodologies to the states' departments of education. The "
-"SCERTs generally follow guidelines established by the NCERT. But the states "
-"have considerable freedom in implementing the education system."
+"Research and Training (NCERT) that prepares a National Curriculum Framework. "
+"Each state has its counterpart called the State Council for Educational "
+"Research and Training (SCERT). These are the bodies that essentially propose "
+"educational strategies, curricula, pedagogical schemes and evaluation "
+"methodologies to the states' departments of education. The SCERTs generally "
+"follow guidelines established by the NCERT. But the states have considerable "
+"freedom in implementing the education system."
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <p>
@@ -195,15 +194,15 @@
#. type: Content of: <p>
msgid ""
"The school system in India has four levels: lower primary (age 6 to 10), "
-"upper primary (11 and 12), high (13 to 15) and higher secondary (17 and "
-"18). The lower primary school is divided into five “standards”, "
-"upper primary school into two, high school into three and higher secondary "
-"into two. Students have to learn a common curriculum largely (except for "
-"regional changes in mother tongue) till the end of high school. There is "
-"some amount of specialization possible at the higher secondary "
-"level. Students throughout the country have to learn three languages "
-"(namely, English, Hindi and their mother tongue) except in regions where "
-"Hindi is the mother tongue and in some streams as discussed below."
+"upper primary (11 and 12), high (13 to 15) and higher secondary (17 and 18). "
+"The lower primary school is divided into five “standards”, upper "
+"primary school into two, high school into three and higher secondary into "
+"two. Students have to learn a common curriculum largely (except for regional "
+"changes in mother tongue) till the end of high school. There is some amount "
+"of specialization possible at the higher secondary level. Students "
+"throughout the country have to learn three languages (namely, English, Hindi "
+"and their mother tongue) except in regions where Hindi is the mother tongue "
+"and in some streams as discussed below."
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <p>
@@ -273,10 +272,10 @@
"schools also offer the students the opportunity to sit for the ICSE "
"examinations. These are usually very expensive residential schools where "
"some of the Indians working abroad send their children. They normally have "
-"fabulous infrastructure, low student-teacher ratio and very few "
-"students. Many of them have teachers from abroad. There are also other "
-"exclusive schools such as the Doon School in Dehradun that take in a small "
-"number of students and charge exorbitant fees."
+"fabulous infrastructure, low student-teacher ratio and very few students. "
+"Many of them have teachers from abroad. There are also other exclusive "
+"schools such as the Doon School in Dehradun that take in a small number of "
+"students and charge exorbitant fees."
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <p>
@@ -312,14 +311,14 @@
"known as <em>government schools</em>. The fees are quite low in such "
"schools. Then there are privately owned schools with their own land and "
"buildings. Here the fees are high and the teachers are paid by the "
-"management. Such schools mostly cater to the urban middle class "
-"families. The third kind consists of schools that are provided grant-in-aid "
-"by the government, though the school was started by a private agency in "
-"their own land and buildings. The grant-in-aid is meant to help reduce the "
-"fees and make it possible for poor families to send their children. In some "
-"states like Kerala, these schools are very similar to government schools "
-"since the teachers are paid by the government and the fees are the same as "
-"in government schools."
+"management. Such schools mostly cater to the urban middle class families. "
+"The third kind consists of schools that are provided grant-in-aid by the "
+"government, though the school was started by a private agency in their own "
+"land and buildings. The grant-in-aid is meant to help reduce the fees and "
+"make it possible for poor families to send their children. In some states "
+"like Kerala, these schools are very similar to government schools since the "
+"teachers are paid by the government and the fees are the same as in "
+"government schools."
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <h3>
@@ -383,23 +382,22 @@
"had only GNU/Linux installed. At that time, perhaps even today, this was "
"the largest installation of GNU/Linux in schools, and made headlines even in "
"other countries. Every year, from 2007 onwards, about 500,000 children pass "
-"out of the schools learning the concepts behind Free Software and the "
-"GNU/Linux operating system and applications. The state is now moving towards "
-"IT Enabled Education. Eventually, IT will not be taught as a separate "
-"subject. Instead, all subjects will be taught with the help of IT so that "
-"the children will, on the one hand, learn IT skills and, on the other, make "
-"use of educational applications (such as those mentioned below) and "
-"resources in the Internet (such as textual material from sites like "
-"Wikipedia, images, animations and videos) to study their subjects and to do "
-"exercises. Teachers and students have already started using applications "
-"such as <a href=\"http://directory.fsf.org/project/drgeo/\";> Dr. Geo</a>, <a "
-"href=\"http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/GeoGebra\";> GeoGebra</a>, and <a "
-"href=\"http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/KTechLab\";> KtechLab</a> for studying "
-"geometry and electronics. Applications like <a "
-"href=\"http://directory.fsf.org/project/sunclock/\";> Sunclock</a>, <a "
-"href=\"http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kalzium\";> Kalzium</a> and <a "
-"href=\"http://directory.fsf.org/project/ghemical/\";> Ghemical</a> are also "
-"popular among teachers and students."
+"out of the schools learning the concepts behind Free Software and the GNU/"
+"Linux operating system and applications. The state is now moving towards IT "
+"Enabled Education. Eventually, IT will not be taught as a separate subject. "
+"Instead, all subjects will be taught with the help of IT so that the "
+"children will, on the one hand, learn IT skills and, on the other, make use "
+"of educational applications (such as those mentioned below) and resources in "
+"the Internet (such as textual material from sites like Wikipedia, images, "
+"animations and videos) to study their subjects and to do exercises. Teachers "
+"and students have already started using applications such as <a href="
+"\"http://directory.fsf.org/project/drgeo/\";> Dr. Geo</a>, <a href=\"http://";
+"en.wikipedia.org/wiki/GeoGebra\"> GeoGebra</a>, and <a href=\"http://en.";
+"wikipedia.org/wiki/KTechLab\"> KtechLab</a> for studying geometry and "
+"electronics. Applications like <a href=\"http://directory.fsf.org/project/";
+"sunclock/\"> Sunclock</a>, <a href=\"http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kalzium\";> "
+"Kalzium</a> and <a href=\"http://directory.fsf.org/project/ghemical/\";> "
+"Ghemical</a> are also popular among teachers and students."
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <p>
@@ -422,11 +420,11 @@
#. type: Content of: <p>
msgid ""
-"http://www.columbia.edu/itc/mealac/pritchett/00generallinks/macaulay/txt_minut";
-"e_education_1835.html"
+"http://www.columbia.edu/itc/mealac/pritchett/00generallinks/macaulay/";
+"txt_minute_education_1835.html"
msgstr ""
-"http://www.columbia.edu/itc/mealac/pritchett/00generallinks/macaulay/txt_minut";
-"e_education_1835.html"
+"http://www.columbia.edu/itc/mealac/pritchett/00generallinks/macaulay/";
+"txt_minute_education_1835.html"
#. type: Content of: <p>
msgid "http://varnam.org/blog/2007/08/the_story_behind_macaulays_edu";
@@ -443,8 +441,8 @@
"Directors. He advocates for Free Software and freedom of knowledge."
msgstr ""
"<a id=\"sasi\"></a><a href=\"http://swatantryam.blogspot.com/\";>Ð. ÐаÑÑ "
-"ÐÑмаÑ</a> Ñ Ð´Ð¾ÐºÑоÑом Ñз ÑÑзики Ñа Ñленом
ÐндÑйÑÑÐºÐ¾Ñ Ñади диÑекÑоÑÑв ФÐÐÐ. ÐÑн "
-"виÑÑÑÐ¿Ð°Ñ Ð·Ð° вÑлÑне пÑогÑамне
забезпеÑÐµÐ½Ð½Ñ Ñ ÑÐ²Ð¾Ð±Ð¾Ð´Ñ Ð·Ð½Ð°Ð½Ñ."
+"ÐÑмаÑ</a> Ñ Ð´Ð¾ÐºÑоÑом Ñз ÑÑзики Ñа Ñленом
ÐндÑйÑÑÐºÐ¾Ñ Ñади диÑекÑоÑÑв ФÐÐÐ. "
+"ÐÑн виÑÑÑÐ¿Ð°Ñ Ð·Ð° вÑлÑне пÑогÑамне
забезпеÑÐµÐ½Ð½Ñ Ñ ÑÐ²Ð¾Ð±Ð¾Ð´Ñ Ð·Ð½Ð°Ð½Ñ."
#. TRANSLATORS: Use space (SPC) as msgstr if you don't have notes.
#. type: Content of: <div>
@@ -453,11 +451,11 @@
#. type: Content of: <div><div><p>
msgid ""
-"Please send general FSF & GNU inquiries to <a "
-"href=\"mailto:address@hidden";><address@hidden></a>. There are also <a "
-"href=\"/contact/\">other ways to contact</a> the FSF. Broken links and "
-"other corrections or suggestions can be sent to <a "
-"href=\"mailto:address@hidden";><address@hidden></a>."
+"Please send general FSF & GNU inquiries to <a
href=\"mailto:address@hidden";
+"\"><address@hidden></a>. There are also <a href=\"/contact/\">other
ways "
+"to contact</a> the FSF. Broken links and other corrections or suggestions "
+"can be sent to <a href=\"mailto:address@hidden";><address@hidden"
+"org></a>."
msgstr ""
"ÐÑÐ´Ñ Ð»Ð°Ñка, надÑилайÑе загалÑÐ½Ñ Ð·Ð°Ð¿Ð¸Ñи
ÑÐ¾Ð½Ð´Ñ Ñа GNU за адÑеÑÐ¾Ñ <a href="
"\"mailto:address@hidden";><address@hidden></a>. ÐаÑÐ²Ð½Ñ Ñакож
<a href=\"/"
@@ -465,25 +463,25 @@
"Ñ ÑнÑÑ Ð²Ð¸Ð¿ÑÐ°Ð²Ð»ÐµÐ½Ð½Ñ Ñи пÑопозиÑÑÑ Ð¼Ð¾Ð¶Ð½Ð°
надÑилаÑи за адÑеÑÐ¾Ñ <a href=\"mailto:";
"address@hidden"><address@hidden></a>."
+#
+#
+#
#. TRANSLATORS: Ignore the original text in this paragraph,
#. replace it with the translation of these two:
-#
#. We work hard and do our best to provide accurate, good quality
#. translations. However, we are not exempt from imperfection.
#. Please send your comments and general suggestions in this regard
#. to <a href="mailto:address@hidden";>
-#
#. <address@hidden></a>.</p>
-#
#. <p>For information on coordinating and submitting translations of
#. our web pages, see <a
#. href="/server/standards/README.translations.html">Translations
#. README</a>.
#. type: Content of: <div><div><p>
msgid ""
-"Please see the <a "
-"href=\"/server/standards/README.translations.html\">Translations README</a> "
-"for information on coordinating and submitting translations of this article."
+"Please see the <a href=\"/server/standards/README.translations.html"
+"\">Translations README</a> for information on coordinating and submitting "
+"translations of this article."
msgstr ""
"Ðи намагалиÑÑ Ð·ÑобиÑи Ñей пеÑеклад ÑоÑним
Ñа ÑкÑÑним, але виклÑÑиÑи "
"можливÑÑÑÑ Ð¿Ð¾Ð¼Ð¸Ð»ÐºÐ¸ ми не можемо.
ÐадÑилайÑе, бÑÐ´Ñ Ð»Ð°Ñка, ÑÐ²Ð¾Ñ Ð·Ð°ÑÐ²Ð°Ð¶ÐµÐ½Ð½Ñ Ñ "
@@ -499,15 +497,14 @@
#. TRANSLATORS: Please note that the license here is CC-BY-SA
#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
-"This page is licensed under a <a rel=\"license\" "
-"href=\"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0/us/\";>Creative Commons "
-"Attribution-ShareAlike 3.0 United States License</a>."
-msgstr ""
-"Ð¦Ñ ÑÑоÑÑнка доÑÑÑпна на ÑмоваÑ
<a rel=\"license\" "
-"href=\"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0/us/deed.uk\";>
лÑÑензÑÑ "
-"Creative Commons Attribution-"
-"ShareAlike (<em>Ðз зазнаÑеннÑм авÑоÑÑÑва —
ÐоÑиÑÐµÐ½Ð½Ñ Ð½Ð° ÑиÑ
ÑамиÑ
"
-"ÑмоваÑ
</em>) 3.0 СполÑÑÐµÐ½Ñ Ð¨ÑаÑи</a>."
+"This page is licensed under a <a rel=\"license\" href=\"http://";
+"creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0/us/\">Creative Commons Attribution-"
+"ShareAlike 3.0 United States License</a>."
+msgstr ""
+"Ð¦Ñ ÑÑоÑÑнка доÑÑÑпна на ÑмоваÑ
<a rel=\"license\"
href=\"http://";
+"creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0/us/deed.uk\"> лÑÑензÑÑ
Creative "
+"Commons Attribution-ShareAlike (<em>Ðз зазнаÑеннÑм
авÑоÑÑÑва — "
+"ÐоÑиÑÐµÐ½Ð½Ñ Ð½Ð° ÑиÑ
ÑамиÑ
ÑмоваÑ
</em>) 3.0
СполÑÑÐµÐ½Ñ Ð¨ÑаÑи</a>."
#. TRANSLATORS: Use space (SPC) as msgstr if you don't want credits.
#. type: Content of: <div><div>
@@ -519,4 +516,3 @@
#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid "Updated:"
msgstr "Ðновлено:"
-
Index: gnu/po/manifesto.translist
===================================================================
RCS file: /web/www/www/gnu/po/manifesto.translist,v
retrieving revision 1.14
retrieving revision 1.15
diff -u -b -r1.14 -r1.15
--- gnu/po/manifesto.translist 31 May 2015 21:02:25 -0000 1.14
+++ gnu/po/manifesto.translist 26 Dec 2015 08:58:41 -0000 1.15
@@ -25,6 +25,7 @@
<span dir="ltr"><a lang="sv" hreflang="sv"
href="/gnu/manifesto.sv.html">svenska</a> [sv]</span>
<span dir="ltr"><a lang="ta" hreflang="ta"
href="/gnu/manifesto.ta.html">தமிழà¯</a> [ta]</span>
<span dir="ltr"><a lang="tr" hreflang="tr"
href="/gnu/manifesto.tr.html">Türkçe</a> [tr]</span>
+<span dir="ltr"><a lang="uk" hreflang="uk"
href="/gnu/manifesto.uk.html">ÑкÑаÑнÑÑка</a> [uk]</span>
</p>
</div>' -->
<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="/gnu/manifesto.html"
hreflang="x-default" />
@@ -51,4 +52,5 @@
<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" lang="sv" hreflang="sv"
href="/gnu/manifesto.sv.html" title="svenska" />
<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" lang="ta" hreflang="ta"
href="/gnu/manifesto.ta.html" title="தமிழà¯" />
<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" lang="tr" hreflang="tr"
href="/gnu/manifesto.tr.html" title="Türkçe" />
+<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" lang="uk" hreflang="uk"
href="/gnu/manifesto.uk.html" title="ÑкÑаÑнÑÑка" />
<!-- end translist file -->
Index: gnu/po/manifesto.uk.po
===================================================================
RCS file: /web/www/www/gnu/po/manifesto.uk.po,v
retrieving revision 1.5
retrieving revision 1.6
diff -u -b -r1.5 -r1.6
--- gnu/po/manifesto.uk.po 26 Dec 2015 08:39:34 -0000 1.5
+++ gnu/po/manifesto.uk.po 26 Dec 2015 08:58:41 -0000 1.6
@@ -14,9 +14,8 @@
"MIME-Version: 1.0\n"
"Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8\n"
"Content-Transfer-Encoding: ENCODINGLanguage: uk\n"
-"X-Outdated-Since: 2015-06-02 12:55+0000\n"
-"Plural-Forms: nplurals=3; plural=(n%10==1 && n%100!=11 ? 0 : n%10>=2 && n%10<"
-"=4 && (n%100<10 || n%100>=20) ? 1 : 2);\n"
+"Plural-Forms: nplurals=3; plural=(n%10==1 && n%100!=11 ? 0 : n%10>=2 && n"
+"%10<=4 && (n%100<10 || n%100>=20) ? 1 : 2);\n"
"X-Generator: Lokalize 2.0\n"
#. type: Content of: <title>
@@ -753,9 +752,8 @@
"assumption: that without ownership of software, programmers cannot possibly "
"be paid a cent. Supposedly it is all or nothing."
msgstr ""
-"Ðле Ñе погана вÑдповÑдÑ, ÑÐ¾Ð¼Ñ Ñо вона
пÑÐ¸Ð¹Ð¼Ð°Ñ "
-"неÑвне пÑипÑÑÐµÐ½Ð½Ñ Ð·Ð°Ð¿Ð¸ÑÑваÑа: Ñо без "
-"влаÑноÑÑÑ Ð½Ð° пÑогÑами пÑогÑамÑÑÑи,
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+"Ðле Ñе погана вÑдповÑдÑ, ÑÐ¾Ð¼Ñ Ñо вона
пÑÐ¸Ð¹Ð¼Ð°Ñ Ð½ÐµÑвне пÑипÑÑÐµÐ½Ð½Ñ Ð·Ð°Ð¿Ð¸ÑÑваÑа: "
+"Ñо без влаÑноÑÑÑ Ð½Ð° пÑогÑами пÑогÑамÑÑÑи,
можливо, не оÑÑимаÑÑÑ Ð½Ñ ÐºÐ¾Ð¿Ñйки. "
"ÐеÑедбаÑаÑÑÑÑÑ, вÑе або нÑÑого."
#. type: Content of: <p>
@@ -763,9 +761,9 @@
"The real reason programmers will not starve is that it will still be "
"possible for them to get paid for programming; just not paid as much as now."
msgstr ""
-"СпÑÐ°Ð²Ð¶Ð½Ñ Ð¿ÑиÑина, по ÑкÑй пÑогÑамÑÑÑи не
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-"оÑÑимÑваÑи плаÑÑ Ð·Ð° пÑогÑамÑваннÑ, ÑÑлÑки
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+"СпÑÐ°Ð²Ð¶Ð½Ñ Ð¿ÑиÑина, по ÑкÑй пÑогÑамÑÑÑи не
бÑдÑÑÑ Ð³Ð¾Ð»Ð¾Ð´ÑваÑи Ñе, "
+"Ñо вони вÑе одно зможÑÑÑ Ð¾ÑÑимÑваÑи плаÑÑ
за пÑогÑамÑваннÑ, ÑÑлÑки не Ñак "
+"багаÑо, Ñк заÑаз."
#. type: Content of: <p>
msgid ""
@@ -775,14 +773,12 @@
"business would move to other bases of organization which are now used less "
"often. There are always numerous ways to organize any kind of business."
msgstr ""
-"ÐÐ±Ð¼ÐµÐ¶ÐµÐ½Ð½Ñ ÐºÐ¾Ð¿ÑÑÐ²Ð°Ð½Ð½Ñ — не Ñдине, на
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-"базÑваÑиÑÑ Ð¿ÑдпÑиÑмÑÑва з виÑобниÑÑва
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-"<a href=\"#f8\">(7)</a>, ÑÐ¾Ð¼Ñ Ñо воно пÑиноÑиÑÑ
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-"бÑло б забоÑонене або "
-"вÑдкинÑÑе клÑÑнÑом, пÑогÑамне
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#. type: Content of: <p>
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"practice they would still make considerably more than that.)"
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"Ðожливо, пÑогÑамÑÐ²Ð°Ð½Ð½Ñ Ð½Ð° новÑй оÑÐ½Ð¾Ð²Ñ Ð½Ðµ
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#. type: Content of: <p>
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#. type: Content of: <p>
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#. type: Content of: <p>
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"are we really better off granting such license? What kind of act are we "
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#. type: Content of: <p>
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#. type: Content of: <p>
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#. type: Content of: <p>
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#. type: Content of: <p>
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-
Index: gnu/po/why-gnu-linux.translist
===================================================================
RCS file: /web/www/www/gnu/po/why-gnu-linux.translist,v
retrieving revision 1.17
retrieving revision 1.18
diff -u -b -r1.17 -r1.18
--- gnu/po/why-gnu-linux.translist 26 May 2015 05:58:12 -0000 1.17
+++ gnu/po/why-gnu-linux.translist 26 Dec 2015 08:58:41 -0000 1.18
@@ -24,6 +24,7 @@
<span dir="ltr"><a lang="sq" hreflang="sq"
href="/gnu/why-gnu-linux.sq.html">Shqip</a> [sq]</span>
<span dir="ltr"><a lang="sr" hreflang="sr"
href="/gnu/why-gnu-linux.sr.html">ÑÑпÑки</a> [sr]</span>
<span dir="ltr"><a lang="tr" hreflang="tr"
href="/gnu/why-gnu-linux.tr.html">Türkçe</a> [tr]</span>
+<span dir="ltr"><a lang="uk" hreflang="uk"
href="/gnu/why-gnu-linux.uk.html">ÑкÑаÑнÑÑка</a> [uk]</span>
</p>
</div>' -->
<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="/gnu/why-gnu-linux.html"
hreflang="x-default" />
@@ -49,4 +50,5 @@
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<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" lang="sr" hreflang="sr"
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<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" lang="tr" hreflang="tr"
href="/gnu/why-gnu-linux.tr.html" title="Türkçe" />
+<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" lang="uk" hreflang="uk"
href="/gnu/why-gnu-linux.uk.html" title="ÑкÑаÑнÑÑка" />
<!-- end translist file -->
Index: gnu/po/why-gnu-linux.uk.po
===================================================================
RCS file: /web/www/www/gnu/po/why-gnu-linux.uk.po,v
retrieving revision 1.1
retrieving revision 1.2
diff -u -b -r1.1 -r1.2
--- gnu/po/why-gnu-linux.uk.po 26 Dec 2015 08:39:34 -0000 1.1
+++ gnu/po/why-gnu-linux.uk.po 26 Dec 2015 08:58:42 -0000 1.2
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#. type: Content of: <p>
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#. type: Content of: <p>
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#. type: Content of: <p>
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#. type: Content of: <p>
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+msgstr ""
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#. type: Content of: <p>
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#. TRANSLATORS: Use space (SPC) as msgstr if you don't have notes.
#. type: Content of: <div>
@@ -398,11 +384,11 @@
#. type: Content of: <div><div><p>
msgid ""
-"Please send general FSF & GNU inquiries to <a "
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+#
+#
+#
#. TRANSLATORS: Ignore the original text in this paragraph,
#. replace it with the translation of these two:
-#
#. We work hard and do our best to provide accurate, good quality
#. translations. However, we are not exempt from imperfection.
#. Please send your comments and general suggestions in this regard
#. to <a href="mailto:address@hidden";>
-#
#. <address@hidden></a>.</p>
-#
#. <p>For information on coordinating and submitting translations of
#. our web pages, see <a
#. href="/server/standards/README.translations.html">Translations
#. README</a>.
#. type: Content of: <div><div><p>
msgid ""
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-"for information on coordinating and submitting translations of this article."
+"Please see the <a href=\"/server/standards/README.translations.html"
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msgstr ""
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#. type: Content of: <div><p>
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+msgstr ""
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#. TRANSLATORS: Use space (SPC) as msgstr if you don't want credits.
@@ -463,4 +448,3 @@
#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid "Updated:"
msgstr "Ðновлено:"
-
Index: philosophy/po/vaccination.uk.po
===================================================================
RCS file: /web/www/www/philosophy/po/vaccination.uk.po,v
retrieving revision 1.1
retrieving revision 1.2
diff -u -b -r1.1 -r1.2
--- philosophy/po/vaccination.uk.po 26 Dec 2015 08:39:35 -0000 1.1
+++ philosophy/po/vaccination.uk.po 26 Dec 2015 08:58:42 -0000 1.2
@@ -10,12 +10,13 @@
"PO-Revision-Date: 2015-12-26 09:49+0200\n"
"Last-Translator: Andriy Bandura <address@hidden>\n"
"Language-Team: Ukrainian <>\n"
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-msgstr ""
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+"The GNU General Public License protects me. The connotation of “"
+"virus” and “infect” is that my choice of defense gives an "
+"illness to those who want to rob me. I want freedom from their robbery; but "
+"they want the power to hurt me. They get sick when they cannot hurt me."
+msgstr ""
+"ÐагалÑна гÑомадÑÑка лÑÑензÑÑ GNU заÑ
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+"Ñо ÐагалÑна гÑомадÑÑка лÑÑензÑÑ GNU мене
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+"мене вÑд злодÑÑ."
#. type: Content of: <p>
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#. TRANSLATORS: Use space (SPC) as msgstr if you don't have notes.
#. type: Content of: <div>
@@ -150,28 +146,28 @@
#. type: Content of: <div><p>
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+"Please send FSF & GNU inquiries to <a href=\"mailto:address@hidden";
+"\"><em>address@hidden</em></a>. There are also <a href=\"/contact/\">other "
+"ways to contact</a> the FSF."
msgstr ""
-"ÐÑÐ´Ñ Ð»Ð°Ñка, надÑилайÑе запиÑи ÑÐ¾Ð½Ð´Ñ Ñа GNU
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-"contact/\">ÑнÑÑ ÑпоÑоби зв'ÑзкÑ</a> з Ñондом."
+"ÐÑÐ´Ñ Ð»Ð°Ñка, надÑилайÑе запиÑи ÑÐ¾Ð½Ð´Ñ Ñа GNU
за адÑеÑÐ¾Ñ <a href=\"mailto:";
+"address@hidden"><address@hidden></a>. ÐаÑÐ²Ð½Ñ Ñакож <a
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+"\">ÑнÑÑ ÑпоÑоби зв'ÑзкÑ</a> з Ñондом."
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-"Please send broken links and other corrections or suggestions to <a "
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+"Please send broken links and other corrections or suggestions to <a href="
+"\"mailto:address@hidden";><em>address@hidden</em></a>."
msgstr ""
"ÐвÑÑи пÑо непÑаÑÑÑÑÑ Ð¿Ð¾ÑÐ¸Ð»Ð°Ð½Ð½Ñ Ñ ÑнÑÑ
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-"надÑилаÑи за адÑеÑÐ¾Ñ <a href=\"mailto:address@hidden";><em>"
-"address@hidden</em></a>."
+"надÑилаÑи за адÑеÑÐ¾Ñ <a href=\"mailto:address@hidden";
+"\"><em>address@hidden</em></a>."
#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
-"Please see the <a "
-"href=\"/server/standards/README.translations.html\">Translations README</a> "
-"for information on coordinating and submitting translations of this article."
+"Please see the <a href=\"/server/standards/README.translations.html"
+"\">Translations README</a> for information on coordinating and submitting "
+"translations of this article."
msgstr ""
"Ðи намагалиÑÑ Ð·ÑобиÑи Ñей пеÑеклад ÑоÑним
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@@ -201,4 +197,3 @@
#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid "Updated:"
msgstr "Ðновлено:"
-
Index: education/misc/edu-misc.uk.html
===================================================================
RCS file: education/misc/edu-misc.uk.html
diff -N education/misc/edu-misc.uk.html
--- /dev/null 1 Jan 1970 00:00:00 -0000
+++ education/misc/edu-misc.uk.html 26 Dec 2015 08:58:37 -0000 1.1
@@ -0,0 +1,361 @@
+<!--#set var="ENGLISH_PAGE" value="/education/misc/edu-misc.en.html" -->
+
+<!--#include virtual="/server/html5-header.uk.html" -->
+<!-- Parent-Version: 1.77 -->
+<!--#set var="DISABLE_TOP_ADDENDUM" value="yes" -->
+
+<!-- This file is automatically generated by GNUnited Nations! -->
+<title>ÐнÑÑ Ð¾ÑвÑÑÐ½Ñ Ð¼Ð°ÑеÑÑали - ÐÑÐ¾ÐµÐºÑ GNU -
Фонд вÑлÑного пÑогÑамного
забезпеÑеннÑ</title>
+
+<!--#include virtual="/education/misc/po/edu-misc.translist" -->
+<!--#include virtual="/server/banner.uk.html" -->
+<div id="education-content">
+
+<!-- begin edu navigation bar -->
+<ul id="edu-navigation">
+ <li><a href="/education/edu-contents.html">ÐмÑÑÑ ÑоздÑлÑ</a></li>
+ <li><a href="/education/edu-cases.html">ÐналÑз
випадкÑв</a></li>
+ <li><a href="/education/edu-projects.html">ÐÑвÑÑнÑ
маÑеÑÑали</a></li>
+ <li><a href="/education/edu-projects.html">ÐÑвÑÑнÑ
пÑоекÑи</a></li>
+ <li><a href="/education/edu-faq.html">ÐиÑÐ°Ð½Ð½Ñ Ñ
вÑдповÑдÑ</a></li>
+ <li><a href="/education/edu-team.html">Ðоманда оÑвÑÑи</a></li>
+</ul>
+
+<!-- end edu navigation bar -->
+</div>
+
+<!-- id="education-content" -->
+<!-- begin edu-breadcrumbs -->
+<p class="edu-breadcrumb">
+ <a href="/education/education.html">ÐÑвÑÑа</a> → <a
+href="/education/misc/">ÐнÑе</a> → ÐнÑÑ Ð¾ÑвÑÑнÑ
маÑеÑÑали</p>
+
+<!-- end of edu-breadcrumbs -->
+<!--GNUN: OUT-OF-DATE NOTICE-->
+<!--#if expr="$OUTDATED_SINCE" -->
+<!--#else -->
+<!--#if expr="$LANGUAGE_SUFFIX" -->
+<!--#set var="DISABLE_TOP_ADDENDUM" value="no" -->
+<!--#include virtual="/server/top-addendum.uk.html" -->
+<!--#endif -->
+<!--#endif -->
+<h2>ÐнÑÑ Ð¾ÑвÑÑÐ½Ñ Ð¼Ð°ÑеÑÑали</h2>
+
+<p>Ðа ÑиÑ
ÑÑоÑÑнкаÑ
ми ÑÑимаÑмо ÑÑÐ·Ð½Ñ Ð²Ð¸Ð´Ð¸
маÑеÑÑалÑв, ÑÐºÑ Ð¼Ð¸ викоÑиÑÑовÑÑмо в
+наÑиÑ
оÑвÑÑнÑÑ
ÑÑоÑÑнкаÑ
, ÑÐ°ÐºÑ Ñк
ÑоÑогÑаÑÑÑ, ÑÑанÑкÑипÑÑÑ Ñ ÑÑбÑиÑÑи вÑдео
+наÑÑзниÑ
моваÑ
ÑоÑо.</p>
+
+<h3>ÐалÑнки</h3>
+
+<h4>ÐналÑз випадкÑв</h4>
+
+<p>ÐмбедкаÑÑÑкий гÑомадÑÑкий
обÑиÑлÑвалÑний ÑенÑÑ (AC3) - ÐанÒÐ°Ð»Ð¾Ñ -
ÐндÑÑ</p>
+
+<ul>
+ <li>RMS Ñз ÑндÑйÑÑÐºÐ¾Ñ Ð¼Ð¾Ð»Ð¾Ð´Ð´Ñ, jpeg <a
href="/education/misc/ambedkar-sm.jpg">97
+KB</a>, <a href="/education/misc/ambedkar.jpg">400 KB</a>
+ </li>
+</ul>
+
+<p>ÐÑÑмпанамÑÑка ÑÑÑна виÑа ÑеÑÐµÐ´Ð½Ñ Ñкола
(VHSS Irimpanam)</p>
+
+<ul>
+ <li>СÑÑденÑи на заÑ
Ð¾Ð´Ñ Ð¤ÐÐÐ, jpeg <a
+href="/education/misc/irimpanam-school-sm.jpg">65 KB</a>, <a
+href="/education/misc/irimpanam-school.jpg">245 KB</a></li>
+
+ <li>ÐнÑеÑÑÐµÐ¹Ñ Tux Paint на Ð¼Ð¾Ð²Ñ Ð¼Ð°Ð»Ð°Ñлам, jpeg <a
+href="/education/misc/tuxpaint-sm.jpg">46 KB</a>, <a
+href="/education/misc/tuxpaint.jpg">193 KB</a> </li>
+</ul>
+
+<h4>ÐÑогÑамне забезпеÑеннÑ</h4>
+
+<p>Tux Paint</p>
+
+<ul>
+
+ <li>ÐнглÑйÑÑкий ÑнÑеÑйÑÐµÐ¹Ñ Tux Paint, png, <a
+href="/education/misc/tuxpaint-start-sm.png">30 KB</a>, <a
+href="/education/misc/tuxpaint-start.png">83 KB</a></li>
+
+ <li>ÐÑмеÑÑкий ÑнÑеÑÑÐµÐ¹Ñ Tux Paint, png, <a
+href="/education/misc/tuxpaint-start-sm.de.png">45 KB</a>, <a
+href="/education/misc/tuxpaint-start.de.png">86 KB</a></li>
+
+ <li>ÐÑеÑÑкий ÑнÑеÑÑÐµÐ¹Ñ Tux Paint, png, <a
+href="/education/misc/tuxpaint-start-sm.el.png">32 KB</a>, <a
+href="/education/misc/tuxpaint-start.el.png">84 KB</a></li>
+
+ <li>ФÑанÑÑзÑкий ÑнÑеÑÑÐµÐ¹Ñ Tux Paint, png, <a
+href="/education/misc/tuxpaint-start-sm.fr.png">31 KB</a>, <a
+href="/education/misc/tuxpaint-start.fr.png">86 KB</a></li>
+
+ <li>ÐÑалÑйÑÑкий ÑнÑеÑÑÐµÐ¹Ñ Tux Paint, png, <a
+href="/education/misc/tuxpaint-start-sm.it.png">30 KB</a>, <a
+href="/education/misc/tuxpaint-start.it.png">83 KB</a></li>
+
+ <li>ЯпонÑÑкий ÑнÑеÑÑÐµÐ¹Ñ Tux Paint, png, <a
+href="/education/misc/tuxpaint-start-sm.ja.png">30 KB</a>, <a
+href="/education/misc/tuxpaint-start.ja.png">85 KB</a></li>
+
+ <li>ÐоÑÑÑгалÑÑÑкий (бÑазилÑÑÑка) ÑнÑеÑÑейÑ
Tux Paint, png, <a
+href="/education/misc/tuxpaint-start-sm.pt-br.png">31 KB</a>, <a
+href="/education/misc/tuxpaint-start.pt-br.png">86 KB</a></li>
+
+ <li>ÐÑпанÑÑкий ÑнÑеÑÑÐµÐ¹Ñ Tux Paint, png, <a
+href="/education/misc/tuxpaint-start-sm.es.png">31 KB</a>, <a
+href="/education/misc/tuxpaint-start.es.png">86 KB</a></li>
+
+ <li>ÐнÑеÑÑÐµÐ¹Ñ Tux Paint Ð·Ñ ÑÑампами на мовÑ
малаÑлам, jpeg, <a
+href="/education/misc/tuxpaint-stamps-sm.jpg">65 KB</a>, <a
+href="/education/misc/tuxpaint-stamps.jpg">298 KB</a></li>
+
+ <li>ÐвÑÑка Appooppanthaady, jpeg, <a
+href="/education/misc/appooppanthaady-sm.jpg">9 KB</a>, <a
+href="/education/misc/appooppanthaady.jpg">22 KB</a></li>
+
+ <li>ÐвÑÑка анÑÑÑÑÑм, jpeg, <a
href="/education/misc/anthoorium-sm.jpg">7 KB</a>,
+<a href="/education/misc/anthoorium.jpg">25 KB</a></li>
+</ul>
+
+<p>GCompris</p>
+
+<ul>
+ <li>ÐнÑеÑÑÐµÐ¹Ñ GCompris, jpeg <a
href="/education/misc/gcompris-sm.jpg">44
+KB</a>, <a href="/education/misc/gcompris.jpg">198 KB</a></li>
+</ul>
+
+<h3>ÐÑдео</h3>
+
+<p>→ ÐÑдео Ð ÑÑаÑда СÑолмена пÑо оÑвÑÑÑ:</p>
+
+<ul>
+
+ <li><a href="http://audio-video.gnu.org/video/rms-education-es.ogv";>
ÐеÑвÑÑна
+веÑÑÑÑ Ð½Ð° ÑÑпанÑÑкÑй без ÑÑбÑиÑÑÑв</a>, 20.7
MB.</li>
+</ul>
+
+<p> ÐнÑÑ Ð²ÐµÑÑÑÑ Ñз вбÑдованими
ÑÑбÑиÑÑами на ÑакиÑ
моваÑ
:</p>
+
+ <ul>
+ <li>ÐнглÑйÑÑка: <a
+href="http://audio-video.gnu.org/video/rms-education-es-high-sub.en.ogv";>47
+MB</a> | <a
+href="http://audio-video.gnu.org/video/rms-education-es-low-sub.en.ogv";>17
+MB</a></li>
+
+ <li>ФÑанÑÑзÑка: <a
+href="http://audio-video.gnu.org/video/rms-education-es-high-sub.fr.ogv";>56
+MB</a> | <a
+href="http://audio-video.gnu.org/video/rms-education-es-low-sub.fr.ogv";>14
+MB</a></li>
+
+ <li>ÐÑалÑйÑÑка: <a
+href="http://audio-video.gnu.org/video/rms-education-es-high-sub.it.ogv";>47
+MB</a> | <a
+href="http://audio-video.gnu.org/video/rms-education-es-low-sub.it.ogv";>11
+MB</a></li>
+
+ <li>ÐоÑÑÑгалÑÑÑка (ÐÑазилÑÑÑка): <a
+href="http://audio-video.gnu.org/video/rms-education-es-high-sub.pt-br.ogv";>46
+MB</a> | <a
+href="http://audio-video.gnu.org/video/rms-education-es-low-sub.pt-br.ogv";>14
+MB</a></li>
+
+ <li>ÐÑпанÑÑка: <a
+href="http://audio-video.gnu.org/video/rms-education-es-high-sub.es.ogv";>55
+MB</a> | <a
+href="http://audio-video.gnu.org/video/rms-education-es-low-sub.es.ogv";>17
+MB</a></li>
+ </ul>
+
+
+<p>→ ÐÑдео “Як GIMP змÑнив жиÑÑÑ ÐÐ°Ð½Ñ - Ðи
викоÑиÑÑовÑÑмо
+GNU/Linux”:</p>
+
+<ul>
+ <li> <a href="http://audio-video.gnu.org/video/we_use_gnu-linux_high.ogv";>
ÐиÑока
+ÑкÑÑÑÑ</a>, 146 MB. </li>
+
+ <li> <a href="http://audio-video.gnu.org/video/we_use_gnu-linux_low.ogv";>
ÐизÑка
+ÑкÑÑÑÑ</a>, 15 MB. </li>
+</ul>
+
+<p>→ ÐÑдео “Ð¡Ð²Ð¾Ð±Ð¾Ð´Ñ Ð½Ð° пÑакÑиÑÑ Ñ
ÐÑÑмпанамÑÑкÑй Ñколє:</p>
+
+<ul>
+ <li><a href="http://audio-video.gnu.org/video/irimpanam-high.ogv";>
ÐеÑвÑÑна
+веÑÑÑÑ Ð½Ð° Ð¼Ð¾Ð²Ñ Ð¼Ð°Ð»Ð°Ñлам без ÑÑбÑиÑÑÑв</a>, 107
MB.</li>
+</ul>
+
+<p> ÐнÑÑ Ð²ÐµÑÑÑÑ Ñз вбÑдованими
ÑÑбÑиÑÑами на ÑакиÑ
моваÑ
:</p>
+
+ <ul>
+ <li>ÐнглÑйÑÑка: <a
+href="http://audio-video.gnu.org/video/irimpanam-high-sub.en.ogv";>109
MB</a></li>
+ <li>ФÑанÑÑзÑка: <a
+href="http://audio-video.gnu.org/video/irimpanam-high-sub.fr.ogv";>110
MB</a></li>
+</ul>
+
+
+<h3 id="transcriptions">ТÑанÑкÑипÑÑ Ñа опиÑи вÑдео</h3>
+
+<ul>
+<li id="transcription-rms-education">ТÑанÑкÑипÑÑÑ Ð²Ñдео Ð
ÑÑаÑда СÑолмена пÑо оÑвÑÑÑ:</li>
+</ul>
+
+<!-- Add languages in alphabetical order -->
+<p>
+<a
+href="/education/misc/rms-education-es-transcription.sq.txt">ÐлбанÑÑка</a>
|
+<a
+href="/education/misc/rms-education-es-translation-to-en.txt">ÐнглÑйÑÑка</a>
+| <a
+href="/education/misc/rms-education-es-transcription.fr.txt">ФÑанÑÑзÑка</a>
+| <a
+href="/education/misc/rms-education-es-transcription.de.txt">ÐÑмеÑÑка</a>
|
+<a
+href="/education/misc/rms-education-es-transcription.it.txt">ÐÑалÑйÑÑка</a>
+| <a
+href="/education/misc/rms-education-es-translation-to-pt-br.txt">ÐоÑÑÑгалÑÑÑка
+(бÑазилÑÑÑка)</a> | <a
+href="/education/misc/rms-education-es-transcription.txt">ÐÑпанÑÑка</a>
|
+</p>
+
+<ul>
+<li>ÐпиÑи вÑдео “Як GIMP змÑнив жиÑÑÑ ÐÐ°Ð½Ñ -
Ðи викоÑиÑÑовÑÑмо
+GNU/Linux”:</li>
+</ul>
+
+<!-- Add languages in alphabetical order -->
+<p>
+<a
href="/education/misc/we_use_gnu-linux_description.en.txt">ÐнглÑйÑÑка</a>
+| <a
+href="/education/misc/we_use_gnu-linux_description.fr.txt">ФÑанÑÑзÑка</a>
|
+</p>
+
+<h3 id="subtitles">СÑбÑиÑÑи до вÑдео Ñ ÑоÑмаÑÑ
SubRip</h3>
+
+<ul>
+<li id="subtitles-rms-education">СÑбÑиÑÑи до вÑдео Ð
ÑÑаÑда СÑолмена пÑо оÑвÑÑÑ:</li>
+</ul>
+
+<!-- Add languages in alphabetical order -->
+<p>
+<a href="/education/misc/rms-education-es-sub.sq.srt">ÐлбанÑÑка</a> |
<a
+href="/education/misc/rms-education-es-sub.en.srt">ÐнглÑйÑÑка</a> |
<a
+href="/education/misc/rms-education-es-sub.fr.srt">ФÑанÑÑзÑка</a> |
<a
+href="/education/misc/rms-education-es-sub.de.srt">ÐÑмеÑÑка</a> | <a
+href="/education/misc/rms-education-es-sub.it.srt">ÐÑалÑйÑÑка</a> |
<a
+href="/education/misc/rms-education-es-sub.pt-br.srt">ÐоÑÑÑгалÑÑÑка
+(бÑазилÑÑÑка)</a> | <a
+href="/education/misc/rms-education-es-sub.es.srt">ÐÑпанÑÑка</a> |
+</p>
+
+<ul>
+<li id="subtitles-irimpanam">СÑбÑиÑÑи Ð´Ð»Ñ Ð²Ñдео
“Свобода на пÑакÑиÑÑ Ð² ÐÑÑмпанамÑÑкÑй
Ñколє:</li>
+</ul>
+
+<!-- Add languages in alphabetical order -->
+<p>
+<a href="/education/misc/irimpanam.sq.srt">ÐлбанÑÑка</a> | <a
+href="/education/misc/irimpanam.en.srt">ÐнглÑйÑÑка</a> | <a
+href="/education/misc/irimpanam.fr.srt">ФÑанÑÑзÑка</a> |
+</p>
+
+<h3>ÐÑдÑо</h3>
+
+<ul>
+ <li>Ðимова на Ð¼Ð¾Ð²Ñ Ð¼Ð°Ð»Ð°Ñалам: квÑÑка
Appooppanthaady, ogg. <a
+href="/education/misc/appooppanthady.ogg">35 KB</a></li>
+
+ <li>Ðимова на Ð¼Ð¾Ð²Ñ Ð¼Ð°Ð»Ð°Ñлам: квÑÑка
анÑÑÑÑÑм, ogg, <a
+href="/education/misc/anthoorium.ogg">42 KB</a></li>
+
+ <li>Ðимова на Ð¼Ð¾Ð²Ñ Ð¼Ð°Ð»Ð°Ñлам: квÑÑка
аденÑÑм, ogg, <a
+href="/education/misc/adeenia.ogg">30 KB</a></li>
+</ul>
+
+<div class="translators-notes">
+
+<!--TRANSLATORS: Use space (SPC) as msgstr if you don't have notes.-->
+ </div>
+</div>
+
+<!-- for id="content", starts in the include above -->
+<!--#include virtual="/server/footer.uk.html" -->
+<div id="footer">
+<div class="unprintable">
+
+<p>ÐÑÐ´Ñ Ð»Ð°Ñка, надÑилайÑе загалÑÐ½Ñ Ð·Ð°Ð¿Ð¸Ñи
ÑÐ¾Ð½Ð´Ñ Ñа GNU за адÑеÑÐ¾Ñ <a
+href="mailto:address@hidden";><address@hidden></a>. ÐаÑвнÑ
Ñакож <a
+href="/contact/">ÑнÑÑ ÑпоÑоби зв'ÑзкÑ</a> з Ñондом.
ÐвÑÑи пÑо непÑаÑÑÑÑÑ
+поÑÐ¸Ð»Ð°Ð½Ð½Ñ Ñ ÑнÑÑ Ð²Ð¸Ð¿ÑÐ°Ð²Ð»ÐµÐ½Ð½Ñ Ñи
пÑопозиÑÑÑ Ð¼Ð¾Ð¶Ð½Ð° надÑилаÑи за адÑеÑÐ¾Ñ <a
+href="mailto:address@hidden";><address@hidden></a>.</p>
+
+<p>
+<!-- TRANSLATORS: Ignore the original text in this paragraph,
+ replace it with the translation of these two:
+
+ We work hard and do our best to provide accurate, good quality
+ translations. However, we are not exempt from imperfection.
+ Please send your comments and general suggestions in this regard
+ to <a href="mailto:address@hidden";>
+
+ <address@hidden></a>.</p>
+
+ <p>For information on coordinating and submitting translations of
+ our web pages, see <a
+ href="/server/standards/README.translations.html">Translations
+ README</a>. -->
+Ðи намагалиÑÑ Ð·ÑобиÑи Ñей пеÑеклад ÑоÑним
Ñа ÑкÑÑним, але виклÑÑиÑи
+можливÑÑÑÑ Ð¿Ð¾Ð¼Ð¸Ð»ÐºÐ¸ ми не можемо.
ÐадÑилайÑе, бÑÐ´Ñ Ð»Ð°Ñка, ÑÐ²Ð¾Ñ Ð·Ð°ÑÐ²Ð°Ð¶ÐµÐ½Ð½Ñ Ñ
+пÑопозиÑÑÑ Ñодо пеÑÐµÐºÐ»Ð°Ð´Ñ Ð·Ð° адÑеÑÐ¾Ñ <a
+href="mailto:address@hidden";><address@hidden></a>.
+</p><p>ÐÑдомоÑÑÑ Ð· кооÑдинаÑÑÑ Ñа пÑопозиÑÑй
пеÑекладÑв наÑиÑ
ÑÑаÑей див. Ñ
+<a href="/server/standards/README.translations.html">“ÐоÑÑбникÑ
з
+пеÑекладє</a>.</p>
+</div>
+
+<!-- Regarding copyright, in general, standalone pages (as opposed to
+ files generated as part of manuals) on the GNU web server should
+ be under CC BY-ND 3.0 US. Please do NOT change or remove this
+ without talking with the webmasters or licensing team first.
+ Please make sure the copyright date is consistent with the
+ document. For web pages, it is ok to list just the latest year the
+ document was modified, or published.
+
+ If you wish to list earlier years, that is ok too.
+ Either "2001, 2002, 2003" or "2001-2003" are ok for specifying
+ years, as long as each year in the range is in fact a copyrightable
+ year, i.e., a year in which the document was published (including
+ being publicly visible on the web or in a revision control system).
+
+ There is more detail about copyright years in the GNU Maintainers
+ Information document, www.gnu.org/prep/maintain. -->
+<p>Copyright © 2011, 2012 Фонд вÑлÑного
пÑогÑамного забезпеÑеннÑ, Inc.</p>
+
+<p>Ð¦Ñ ÑÑоÑÑнка доÑÑÑпна на ÑмоваÑ
<a rel="license"
+href="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nd/3.0/us/deed.uk";>
лÑÑензÑÑ
+Creative Commons Attribution-NoDerivs (<em>Ðз зазнаÑеннÑм
+авÑоÑÑÑва — Ðез поÑ
ÑдниÑ
ÑвоÑÑв</em>) 3.0
СполÑÑÐµÐ½Ñ Ð¨ÑаÑи</a>.</p>
+
+<!--#include virtual="/server/bottom-notes.uk.html" -->
+<div class="translators-credits">
+
+<!--TRANSLATORS: Use space (SPC) as msgstr if you don't want credits.-->
+ÐÑдÑÑимка ÑкÑаÑнÑÑкого пеÑекладÑ: ÐндÑÑй
ÐандÑÑа
+(address@hidden)</div>
+
+<p class="unprintable"><!-- timestamp start -->
+Ðновлено:
+
+$Date: 2015/12/26 08:58:37 $
+
+<!-- timestamp end -->
+</p>
+</div>
+</div>
+</body>
+</html>
Index: education/misc/po/edu-misc.uk-en.html
===================================================================
RCS file: education/misc/po/edu-misc.uk-en.html
diff -N education/misc/po/edu-misc.uk-en.html
--- /dev/null 1 Jan 1970 00:00:00 -0000
+++ education/misc/po/edu-misc.uk-en.html 26 Dec 2015 08:58:39 -0000
1.1
@@ -0,0 +1,326 @@
+<!--#include virtual="/server/html5-header.html" -->
+<!-- Parent-Version: 1.77 -->
+<!--#set var="DISABLE_TOP_ADDENDUM" value="yes" -->
+<title>Education Miscellaneous Materials
+- GNU Project - Free Software Foundation</title>
+<!--#include virtual="/education/misc/po/edu-misc.translist" -->
+<!--#include virtual="/server/banner.html" -->
+
+<div id="education-content">
+
+<!-- begin edu navigation bar -->
+<ul id="edu-navigation">
+ <li><a href="/education/edu-contents.html">Education Contents</a></li>
+ <li><a href="/education/edu-cases.html">Case Studies</a></li>
+ <li><a href="/education/edu-resources.html">Educational Resources</a></li>
+ <li><a href="/education/edu-projects.html">Education Projects</a></li>
+ <li><a href="/education/edu-faq.html">FAQ</a></li>
+ <li><a href="/education/edu-team.html">The Education Team</a></li>
+</ul>
+<!-- end edu navigation bar -->
+
+</div> <!-- id="education-content" -->
+
+<!-- begin edu-breadcrumbs -->
+<p class="edu-breadcrumb">
+ <a href="/education/education.html">Education</a> →
+ <a href="/education/misc/">Misc</a> →
+ Education Miscellaneous Materials</p>
+<!-- end of edu-breadcrumbs -->
+<!--GNUN: OUT-OF-DATE NOTICE-->
+<!--#if expr="$OUTDATED_SINCE" --><!--#else -->
+<!--#if expr="$LANGUAGE_SUFFIX" -->
+<!--#set var="DISABLE_TOP_ADDENDUM" value="no" -->
+<!--#include virtual="/server/top-addendum.html" -->
+<!--#endif -->
+<!--#endif -->
+<h2>Education Miscellaneous Materials</h2>
+
+<p>In these pages we keep various kinds of materials that we use in our
+Education pages such as pictures, transcriptions and subtitles of
+videos in various languages, and similar.</p>
+
+<h3>Pictures</h3>
+
+<h4>Case Studies</h4>
+
+<p>Ambedkar Community Computer Center (AC3) - Bangalore - India</p>
+
+<ul>
+ <li>RMS with Indian youth, jpeg
+ <a href="/education/misc/ambedkar-sm.jpg">97 KB</a>,
+ <a href="/education/misc/ambedkar.jpg">400 KB</a>
+ </li>
+</ul>
+
+<p>Vocational Higher Secondary School Irimpanam (VHSS Irimpanam)</p>
+
+<ul>
+ <li>Students at a Free Software event, jpeg
+ <a href="/education/misc/irimpanam-school-sm.jpg">65 KB</a>,
+ <a href="/education/misc/irimpanam-school.jpg">245 KB</a></li>
+
+ <li>Tux Paint interface in Malayalam, jpeg
+ <a href="/education/misc/tuxpaint-sm.jpg">46 KB</a>,
+ <a href="/education/misc/tuxpaint.jpg">193 KB</a> </li>
+</ul>
+
+<h4>Software</h4>
+
+<p>Tux Paint</p>
+
+<ul>
+
+ <li>Tux Paint interface English, png,
+ <a href="/education/misc/tuxpaint-start-sm.png">30 KB</a>,
+ <a href="/education/misc/tuxpaint-start.png">83 KB</a></li>
+
+ <li>Tux Paint interface German, png,
+ <a href="/education/misc/tuxpaint-start-sm.de.png">45 KB</a>,
+ <a href="/education/misc/tuxpaint-start.de.png">86 KB</a></li>
+
+ <li>Tux Paint interface Greek, png,
+ <a href="/education/misc/tuxpaint-start-sm.el.png">32 KB</a>,
+ <a href="/education/misc/tuxpaint-start.el.png">84 KB</a></li>
+
+ <li>Tux Paint interface French, png,
+ <a href="/education/misc/tuxpaint-start-sm.fr.png">31 KB</a>,
+ <a href="/education/misc/tuxpaint-start.fr.png">86 KB</a></li>
+
+ <li>Tux Paint interface Italian, png,
+ <a href="/education/misc/tuxpaint-start-sm.it.png">30 KB</a>,
+ <a href="/education/misc/tuxpaint-start.it.png">83 KB</a></li>
+
+ <li>Tux Paint interface Japanese, png,
+ <a href="/education/misc/tuxpaint-start-sm.ja.png">30 KB</a>,
+ <a href="/education/misc/tuxpaint-start.ja.png">85 KB</a></li>
+
+ <li>Tux Paint interface Portuguese (Brazilian), png,
+ <a href="/education/misc/tuxpaint-start-sm.pt-br.png">31 KB</a>,
+ <a href="/education/misc/tuxpaint-start.pt-br.png">86 KB</a></li>
+
+ <li>Tux Paint interface Spanish, png,
+ <a href="/education/misc/tuxpaint-start-sm.es.png">31 KB</a>,
+ <a href="/education/misc/tuxpaint-start.es.png">86 KB</a></li>
+
+ <li>Tux Paint interface in Malayalam with stamps, jpeg,
+ <a href="/education/misc/tuxpaint-stamps-sm.jpg">65 KB</a>,
+ <a href="/education/misc/tuxpaint-stamps.jpg">298 KB</a></li>
+
+ <li>Appooppanthaady flower, jpeg,
+ <a href="/education/misc/appooppanthaady-sm.jpg">9 KB</a>,
+ <a href="/education/misc/appooppanthaady.jpg">22 KB</a></li>
+
+ <li>Anthoorium flower, jpeg,
+ <a href="/education/misc/anthoorium-sm.jpg">7 KB</a>,
+ <a href="/education/misc/anthoorium.jpg">25 KB</a></li>
+</ul>
+
+<p>GCompris</p>
+
+<ul>
+ <li>GCompris interface, jpeg
+ <a href="/education/misc/gcompris-sm.jpg">44 KB</a>,
+ <a href="/education/misc/gcompris.jpg">198 KB</a></li>
+</ul>
+
+<h3>Videos</h3>
+
+<p>→ Richard Stallman's video on Education:</p>
+
+<ul>
+
+ <li><a href="http://audio-video.gnu.org/video/rms-education-es.ogv";>
+ Original version in Spanish without subtitles</a>, 20.7 MB.</li>
+</ul>
+
+<p> Other versions with embedded subtitles in the following
languages:</p>
+
+ <ul>
+ <li>English:
+ <a
href="http://audio-video.gnu.org/video/rms-education-es-high-sub.en.ogv";>47
MB</a> |
+ <a
href="http://audio-video.gnu.org/video/rms-education-es-low-sub.en.ogv";>17
MB</a></li>
+
+ <li>French:
+ <a
href="http://audio-video.gnu.org/video/rms-education-es-high-sub.fr.ogv";>56
MB</a> |
+ <a
href="http://audio-video.gnu.org/video/rms-education-es-low-sub.fr.ogv";>14
MB</a></li>
+
+ <li>Italian:
+ <a
href="http://audio-video.gnu.org/video/rms-education-es-high-sub.it.ogv";>47
MB</a> |
+ <a
href="http://audio-video.gnu.org/video/rms-education-es-low-sub.it.ogv";>11
MB</a></li>
+
+ <li>Portuguese (Brazilian):
+ <a
href="http://audio-video.gnu.org/video/rms-education-es-high-sub.pt-br.ogv";>46
MB</a> |
+ <a
href="http://audio-video.gnu.org/video/rms-education-es-low-sub.pt-br.ogv";>14
MB</a></li>
+
+ <li>Spanish:
+ <a
href="http://audio-video.gnu.org/video/rms-education-es-high-sub.es.ogv";>55
MB</a> |
+ <a
href="http://audio-video.gnu.org/video/rms-education-es-low-sub.es.ogv";>17
MB</a></li>
+ </ul>
+
+
+<p>→ Video “How GIMP Changed Mani's Life - We Use
GNU/Linux”:</p>
+
+<ul>
+ <li> <a href="http://audio-video.gnu.org/video/we_use_gnu-linux_high.ogv";>
+ High resolution</a>, 146 MB. </li>
+
+ <li> <a href="http://audio-video.gnu.org/video/we_use_gnu-linux_low.ogv";>
+ Low resolution</a>, 15 MB. </li>
+</ul>
+
+<p>→ Video “Freedom in Practice at Irimpanam School”:</p>
+
+<ul>
+ <li><a href="http://audio-video.gnu.org/video/irimpanam-high.ogv";>
+ Original version in Malayalam without subtitles</a>, 107 MB.</li>
+</ul>
+
+<p> Other versions with embedded subtitles in the following
languages:</p>
+
+ <ul>
+ <li>English:
+ <a
href="http://audio-video.gnu.org/video/irimpanam-high-sub.en.ogv";>109
MB</a></li>
+ <li>French:
+ <a
href="http://audio-video.gnu.org/video/irimpanam-high-sub.fr.ogv";>110
MB</a></li>
+</ul>
+
+
+<h3 id="transcriptions">Video Transcriptions and Descriptions</h3>
+
+<ul>
+<li id="transcription-rms-education">Transcriptions of Richard Stallman's
video
+ on education:</li>
+</ul>
+
+<!-- Add languages in alphabetical order -->
+<p>
+<a href="/education/misc/rms-education-es-transcription.sq.txt">Albanian</a> |
+<a href="/education/misc/rms-education-es-translation-to-en.txt">English</a> |
+<a href="/education/misc/rms-education-es-transcription.fr.txt">French</a> |
+<a href="/education/misc/rms-education-es-transcription.de.txt">German</a> |
+<a href="/education/misc/rms-education-es-transcription.it.txt">Italian</a> |
+<a href="/education/misc/rms-education-es-translation-to-pt-br.txt">Portuguese
+ (Brazilian)</a> |
+<a href="/education/misc/rms-education-es-transcription.txt">Spanish</a> |
+</p>
+
+<ul>
+<li>Descriptions of the video “How GIMP Changed Mani's Life - We Use
+ GNU/Linux”:</li>
+</ul>
+
+<!-- Add languages in alphabetical order -->
+<p>
+<a href="/education/misc/we_use_gnu-linux_description.en.txt">English</a> |
+<a href="/education/misc/we_use_gnu-linux_description.fr.txt">French</a> |
+</p>
+
+<h3 id="subtitles">Video Subtitles in SubRip Format</h3>
+
+<ul>
+<li id="subtitles-rms-education">Subtitles for Richard Stallman's video on
+ education:</li>
+</ul>
+
+<!-- Add languages in alphabetical order -->
+<p>
+<a href="/education/misc/rms-education-es-sub.sq.srt">Albanian</a> |
+<a href="/education/misc/rms-education-es-sub.en.srt">English</a> |
+<a href="/education/misc/rms-education-es-sub.fr.srt">French</a> |
+<a href="/education/misc/rms-education-es-sub.de.srt">German</a> |
+<a href="/education/misc/rms-education-es-sub.it.srt">Italian</a> |
+<a href="/education/misc/rms-education-es-sub.pt-br.srt">Portuguese
(Brazilian)</a> |
+<a href="/education/misc/rms-education-es-sub.es.srt">Spanish</a> |
+</p>
+
+<ul>
+<li id="subtitles-irimpanam">Subtitles for the video “Freedom in
Practice
+at Irimpanam School”:</li>
+</ul>
+
+<!-- Add languages in alphabetical order -->
+<p>
+<a href="/education/misc/irimpanam.sq.srt">Albanian</a> |
+<a href="/education/misc/irimpanam.en.srt">English</a> |
+<a href="/education/misc/irimpanam.fr.srt">French</a> |
+</p>
+
+<h3>Audio</h3>
+
+<ul>
+ <li>Pronunciation in Malayalam: Appooppanthaady flower, ogg.
+ <a href="/education/misc/appooppanthady.ogg">35 KB</a></li>
+
+ <li>Pronunciation in Malayalam: Anthoorium flower, ogg,
+ <a href="/education/misc/anthoorium.ogg">42 KB</a></li>
+
+ <li>Pronunciation in Malayalam: Adeenia flower, ogg,
+ <a href="/education/misc/adeenia.ogg">30 KB</a></li>
+</ul>
+
+</div><!-- for id="content", starts in the include above -->
+
+<!--#include virtual="/server/footer.html" -->
+<div id="footer">
+<div class="unprintable">
+
+<p>Please send general FSF & GNU inquiries to
+<a href="mailto:address@hidden";><address@hidden></a>.
+There are also <a href="/contact/">other ways to contact</a>
+the FSF. Broken links and other corrections or suggestions can be sent
+to <a href="mailto:address@hidden";><address@hidden></a>.</p>
+
+<p><!-- TRANSLATORS: Ignore the original text in this paragraph,
+ replace it with the translation of these two:
+
+ We work hard and do our best to provide accurate, good quality
+ translations. However, we are not exempt from imperfection.
+ Please send your comments and general suggestions in this regard
+ to <a href="mailto:address@hidden";>
+ <address@hidden></a>.</p>
+
+ <p>For information on coordinating and submitting translations of
+ our web pages, see <a
+ href="/server/standards/README.translations.html">Translations
+ README</a>. -->
+Please see the <a
+href="/server/standards/README.translations.html">Translations
+README</a> for information on coordinating and submitting translations
+of this article.</p>
+</div>
+
+<!-- Regarding copyright, in general, standalone pages (as opposed to
+ files generated as part of manuals) on the GNU web server should
+ be under CC BY-ND 3.0 US. Please do NOT change or remove this
+ without talking with the webmasters or licensing team first.
+ Please make sure the copyright date is consistent with the
+ document. For web pages, it is ok to list just the latest year the
+ document was modified, or published.
+
+ If you wish to list earlier years, that is ok too.
+ Either "2001, 2002, 2003" or "2001-2003" are ok for specifying
+ years, as long as each year in the range is in fact a copyrightable
+ year, i.e., a year in which the document was published (including
+ being publicly visible on the web or in a revision control system).
+
+ There is more detail about copyright years in the GNU Maintainers
+ Information document, www.gnu.org/prep/maintain. -->
+
+<p>Copyright © 2011, 2012 Free Software Foundation, Inc.</p>
+
+<p>This page is licensed under a <a rel="license"
+href="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nd/3.0/us/";>Creative
+Commons Attribution-NoDerivs 3.0 United States License</a>.</p>
+
+<!--#include virtual="/server/bottom-notes.html" -->
+
+<p class="unprintable">Updated:
+<!-- timestamp start -->
+$Date: 2015/12/26 08:58:39 $
+<!-- timestamp end -->
+</p>
+</div>
+</div>
+</body>
+</html>
Index: gnu/manifesto.uk.html
===================================================================
RCS file: gnu/manifesto.uk.html
diff -N gnu/manifesto.uk.html
--- /dev/null 1 Jan 1970 00:00:00 -0000
+++ gnu/manifesto.uk.html 26 Dec 2015 08:58:40 -0000 1.1
@@ -0,0 +1,768 @@
+<!--#set var="ENGLISH_PAGE" value="/gnu/manifesto.en.html" -->
+
+<!--#include virtual="/server/header.uk.html" -->
+<!-- Parent-Version: 1.77 -->
+
+<!-- This file is automatically generated by GNUnited Nations! -->
+<title>ÐанÑÑеÑÑ GNU - ÐÑÐ¾ÐµÐºÑ GNU - Фонд вÑлÑного
пÑогÑамного забезпеÑеннÑ</title>
+
+<!--#include virtual="/gnu/po/manifesto.translist" -->
+<!--#include virtual="/server/banner.uk.html" -->
+<h2>ÐанÑÑеÑÑ GNU</h2>
+
+<p> ÐанÑÑеÑÑ GNU (Ñкий наводиÑÑÑÑ Ð½Ð¸Ð¶Ñе) бÑв
напиÑаний <a
+href="http://www.stallman.org/";>Ð ÑÑаÑдом СÑолменом</a> Ñ
1985 ÑоÑÑ, Ñоб
+пÑоÑиÑи пÑо пÑдÑÑÐ¸Ð¼ÐºÑ Ð² ÑозÑобÑÑ
опеÑаÑÑÐ¹Ð½Ð¾Ñ ÑиÑÑеми GNU. ЧаÑÑина ÑекÑÑÑ
+бÑла взÑÑа з пеÑвÑÑного оголоÑеннÑ
1983 ÑокÑ. Ðо 1987 ÑокÑ
+манÑÑеÑÑ ÑÑоÑ
и оновлÑвавÑÑ, Ñоб
вÑдзнаÑиÑи ÑозвиÑок; з ÑиÑ
пÑÑ Ð·Ð´Ð°ÑÑÑÑÑ
+найкÑаÑим залиÑиÑи його незмÑнним.</p>
+
+<p>Ð ÑиÑ
пÑÑ Ð¼Ð¸ дÑзналиÑÑ Ð¿Ñо поÑиÑÐµÐ½Ñ Ñ
ибнÑ
+ÑлÑмаÑÐµÐ½Ð½Ñ Ð¿ÐµÐ²Ð½Ð¸Ñ
понÑÑÑ. ÐмÑна
ÑоÑмÑлÑванÑ
+могло б допомогÑи ÑникнÑÑи ÑÑ
. ÐиноÑки,
Ð´Ð¾Ð´Ð°Ð½Ñ Ð¿Ð¾ÑинаÑÑи з
+1993 ÑокÑ, допомагаÑÑÑ Ð¿Ð¾ÑÑниÑи ÑÑ
аÑпекÑи.</p>
+
+<p>ЯкÑо ви бажаÑÑе вÑÑановиÑи ÑиÑÑÐµÐ¼Ñ GNU/Linux,
ми ÑекомендÑÑмо ÑкоÑиÑÑаÑиÑÑ
+одним з <a href="/distros">повнÑÑÑÑ Ð²ÑлÑниÑ
диÑÑÑибÑÑивÑв
+GNU/Linux</a>. Щоби дÑзнаÑиÑÑ, Ñк допомогÑи,
вÑдвÑдайÑе <a
+href="/help/help.html">http://www.gnu.org/help</a>.</p>
+
+<p>ÐÑÐ¾ÐµÐºÑ GNU ÑаÑÑина ÑÑÑ
Ñ Ð·Ð° вÑлÑнÑ
пÑогÑами, Ñкий виÑÑÑÐ¿Ð°Ñ Ð·Ð° <a
+href="/philosophy/free-sw.html">ÑÐ²Ð¾Ð±Ð¾Ð´Ñ ÐºÐ¾ÑиÑÑÑваÑÑв
пÑогÑам</a>. ÐÑоÑÑÑваÑи
+GNU з виÑазом “вÑдкÑиÑий виÑ
Ñдний
код” — помилка: Ñей
+виÑаз введено в обÑг Ñ 1998 ÑоÑÑ Ð»ÑдÑми,
незгодними з еÑиÑними
+ÑÑнноÑÑÑми ÑÑÑ
Ñ Ð·Ð° вÑлÑÐ½Ñ Ð¿ÑогÑами. Ðони
коÑиÑÑÑÑÑÑÑÑ Ñим виÑазом, Ñоб
+пÑопагÑваÑи <a
+href="/philosophy/open-source-misses-the-point.html">амоÑалÑний
пÑдÑ
Ñд</a>
+до ÑÑÑÑ ÑÑеÑи.</p>
+
+<h3 id="whats-gnu">Що Ñаке GNU? GNU — не Unix!</h3>
+
+<p>
+ GNU, Ñо ознаÑÐ°Ñ “gnu's Not Unix”
+(GNU — Ñе не Unix),—
+назва Ð¿Ð¾Ð²Ð½Ð¾Ñ Ð¿ÑогÑÐ°Ð¼Ð½Ð¾Ñ ÑиÑÑеми, ÑÑмÑÑноÑ
з Unix,
+ÑÐºÑ Ñ Ð¿Ð¸ÑÑ Ñак, Ñо Ð¼Ð¾Ð¶Ñ ÑоздаваÑи ÑÑ
+вÑлÑноÑ<a href="#f1">(1)</a> вÑÑм, Ñ
Ñо може ÑÑ
+викоÑиÑÑовÑваÑи. ÐÐµÐ½Ñ Ð´Ð¾Ð¿Ð¾Ð¼Ð°Ð³Ð°Ñ ÐºÑлÑка
ÑнÑиÑ
добÑоволÑÑÑв.
+Ðи дÑже поÑÑебÑÑмо ÑобоÑиÑ
ÑÑк, гÑоÑÑ,
пÑогÑам
+Ñ Ð¾Ð±Ð»Ð°Ð´Ð½Ð°Ð½Ð½Ñ.</p>
+
+<p>
+ Ðа даний Ð¼Ð¾Ð¼ÐµÐ½Ñ Ñ Ð½Ð°Ñ Ñ Emacs
+ÑекÑÑовий ÑедакÑÐ¾Ñ Ð· Ð¼Ð¾Ð²Ð¾Ñ ÐÑÑп Ð´Ð»Ñ Ð·Ð°Ð¿Ð¸ÑÑ
+команд ÑедакÑоÑа, зневадник ÑÑвнÑ
джеÑелÑниÑ
ÑекÑÑÑв,
+ÑÑмÑÑний з Yacc генеÑаÑÐ¾Ñ ÑинÑакÑиÑниÑ
+аналÑзаÑоÑÑв, ÑедакÑÐ¾Ñ Ð·Ð²'ÑзкÑв Ñ Ð±Ð»Ð¸Ð·Ñко
35 ÑÑилÑÑ.
+Ðболонка (командний ÑнÑеÑпÑеÑаÑоÑ) майже
завеÑÑена.
+Ðовий пеÑеноÑний опÑимÑзÑÑÑий компÑлÑÑоÑ
Ð¡Ñ ÑкомпÑлÑвав
+Ñамого Ñебе Ñ Ð¼Ð¾Ð¶Ðµ бÑÑи випÑÑений в ÑÑомÑ
ÑоÑÑ. ÐоÑаÑкове
+ÑдÑо ÑÑнÑÑ, але Ð´Ð»Ñ Ð·Ð°Ð¼Ñни Unix бÑакÑÑ Ñе
дÑже багаÑÑоÑ
можливоÑÑей. Ðоли
+ÑдÑо Ñ ÐºÐ¾Ð¼Ð¿ÑлÑÑÐ¾Ñ Ð±ÑдÑÑÑ Ð·Ð°ÐºÑнÑенÑ, можна
бÑде
+поÑÑаÑаÑи ÑиÑÑÐµÐ¼Ñ GNU, пÑидаÑÐ½Ñ Ð´Ð»Ñ ÑозÑобки
+пÑогÑам. ÐÐ»Ñ Ð²ÐµÑÑÑки ÑекÑÑÑ Ð¼Ð¸ бÑдемо
викоÑиÑÑовÑваÑи TeX, але
+ведеÑÑÑÑ ÑобоÑа над nroff. Ðи Ñакож бÑдемо
коÑиÑÑÑваÑиÑÑ
+вÑлÑÐ½Ð¾Ñ Ð¿ÐµÑеноÑÐ½Ð¾Ñ ÑиÑÑÐµÐ¼Ð¾Ñ X Window. ÐоÑÑм
ми додамо
+пеÑеноÑний ÐагалÑний ÐÑÑп, гÑÑ
“ÐмпеÑÑÑ”, ÑаблиÑний
+пÑоÑеÑÐ¾Ñ Ñ ÑоÑÐ½Ñ ÑнÑиÑ
ÑеÑей плÑÑ
докÑменÑаÑÑÑ Ð² елекÑÑÐ¾Ð½Ð½Ð¾Ð¼Ñ Ð²Ð¸Ð³Ð»ÑдÑ.
+Ðи ÑподÑваÑмоÑÑ Ð²Ð¸Ð´Ð°Ñи з
ÑаÑом — вÑе Ñе коÑиÑне,
+Ñо зазвиÑай поÑÑавлÑÑÑÑÑÑ Ð· ÑиÑÑÐµÐ¼Ð¾Ñ ÑÑм'Ñ
Unix, Ñ Ð½Ð°Ð²ÑÑÑ Ð±ÑлÑÑе.</p>
+
+<p>
+ GNU зможе виконÑваÑи пÑогÑами Unix, але не
бÑде ÑденÑиÑна Unix. Ðи внеÑемо
+вÑÑ Ð¿Ð¾Ð»ÑпÑеннÑ, ÑÐºÑ ÑÑлÑки бÑдÑÑÑ Ð´Ð¾ÑеÑнÑ,
ÑпиÑаÑÑиÑÑ Ð½Ð° Ð½Ð°Ñ Ð´Ð¾ÑвÑд ÑобоÑи з
+ÑнÑими опеÑаÑÑйними ÑиÑÑемами. ÐокÑема, ми
планÑÑмо ввеÑÑи Ð´Ð¾Ð²Ð³Ñ Ñмена
+ÑайлÑв, аÑÑибÑÑи ÑайлÑв, ÑÑÑÐ¹ÐºÑ Ð´Ð¾ збоÑв
ÑÐ°Ð¹Ð»Ð¾Ð²Ñ ÑиÑÑемÑ, пÑдÑÑимкÑ
+ÑеÑмÑналÑно-незалежниÑ
диÑплеÑв, можливо,
авÑомаÑиÑне завеÑÑÐµÐ½Ð½Ñ Ñмен
+ÑайлÑв, Ñ, можливо, коли-небÑдÑ
вÑÐºÐ¾Ð½Ð½Ñ ÑиÑÑÐµÐ¼Ñ Ð½Ð° Ð±Ð°Ð·Ñ ÐÑÑп,
+Ð´Ð»Ñ ÑÐºÐ¾Ñ ÐºÑлÑка пÑогÑам на ÐÑÑп Ñ Ð·Ð²Ð¸ÑайниÑ
пÑогÑам Unix зможÑÑÑ Ð¿Ð¾Ð´ÑлÑÑи
+один екÑан. Ð ÑкоÑÑÑ ÑиÑÑемниÑ
мов
пÑогÑамÑÐ²Ð°Ð½Ð½Ñ Ð±ÑдÑÑÑ Ð´Ð¾ÑÑÑÐ¿Ð½Ñ Ñк СÑ, Ñак
+Ñ ÐÑÑп. ÐÐ»Ñ Ð¼ÐµÑежниÑ
з'ÑÐ´Ð½Ð°Ð½Ñ Ð¼Ð¸ ÑпÑобÑÑмо
пÑдÑÑимÑваÑи пÑоÑоколи UUCP,
+Internet, а Ñакож Chaosnet ÐаÑаÑÑÑеÑÑÑкого ÑеÑ
нологÑÑного ÑнÑÑиÑÑÑÑ.</p>
+
+<p>
+ GNU ÑпоÑаÑÐºÑ Ð¾ÑÑÑнÑована на ÐÐРклаÑÑ
+68000/16000 з вÑÑÑÑалÑÐ½Ð¾Ñ Ð¿Ð°Ð¼'ÑÑÑÑ, оÑкÑлÑки
+на ниÑ
пÑоÑÑÑÑе вÑÑого змÑÑиÑи ÑÑ
пÑаÑÑваÑи. ÐодаÑкова
+ÑобоÑа Ð´Ð»Ñ Ð·Ð°Ð¿ÑÑÐºÑ ÑÑ Ð½Ð° менÑиÑ
ÐÐÐ
залиÑиÑÑÑÑ
+на ÑаÑÑÐºÑ Ñого, Ñ
Ñо заÑ
оÑе заÑÑоÑовÑваÑи
ÑÑ Ð½Ð° ниÑ
.</p>
+
+<p>
+ Щоб ÑникнÑÑи жаÑ
Ð»Ð¸Ð²Ð¾Ñ Ð¿Ð»ÑÑанини, бÑдÑ
лаÑка, говоÑÑÑÑ <em>g</em> Ñ ÑловÑ
+“GNU”, коли воно познаÑÐ°Ñ Ñей пÑоекÑ.</p>
+
+<h3 id="why-write">Ð§Ð¾Ð¼Ñ Ñ Ð¿Ð¾Ð²Ð¸Ð½ÐµÐ½ пиÑаÑи GNU</h3>
+
+<p>
+ Я беÑÑ Ð´Ð¾ Ñваги, Ñо золоÑе пÑавило
вимагаÑ, Ñо, ÑкÑо Ð¼ÐµÐ½Ñ Ð¿Ð¾Ð´Ð¾Ð±Ð°ÑÑÑÑÑ
+пÑогÑама, Ñо Ñ Ð¿Ð¾Ð²Ð¸Ð½ÐµÐ½ обмÑнÑваÑиÑÑ Ð½ÐµÑ Ð·
ÑнÑими лÑдÑми, Ñким вона
+подобаÑÑÑÑÑ. ÐÑодавÑÑ Ð¿ÑогÑам Ñ
оÑÑÑÑ
ÑоздÑлиÑи коÑиÑÑÑваÑÑв,панÑваÑи над
+ними, вимагаÑÑи Ñ ÐºÐ¾Ð¶Ð½Ð¾Ð³Ð¾ коÑиÑÑÑваÑа
згоди не обмÑнÑваÑиÑÑ Ð· ÑнÑими. Я
+вÑдмовлÑÑÑÑ Ð¿Ð¾ÑÑÑÑваÑи Ñаким Ñином
ÑолÑдаÑнÑÑÑÑ Ð· ÑнÑими коÑиÑÑÑваÑами. Я не
+Ð¼Ð¾Ð¶Ñ Ð±ÐµÐ· ÑоÑÐ¾Ð¼Ñ Ð¿ÑдпиÑаÑи лÑÑензÑйнÑ
Ñгода пÑогÑами або договÑÑ Ð¿Ñо
+неÑозголоÑеннÑ. Я Ñоками пÑаÑÑвав Ñ
ÐабоÑаÑоÑÑÑ ÑÑÑÑного ÑнÑелекÑÑ, Ñоб
+ÑÑÑимаÑи ÑÐ°ÐºÑ ÑенденÑÑÑ Ñа ÑнÑÑ
недобÑозиÑливÑÑÑÑ, але вÑеÑÑÑ-ÑеÑÑ Ð²Ð¾Ð½Ð¸
+зайÑли занадÑо далеко: Ñ Ð½Ðµ змÑг
залиÑаÑиÑÑ Ð² ÑнÑÑиÑÑÑÑ, де Ñаке Ñобили за
+мене пÑоÑи моÑÑ Ð²Ð¾Ð»Ñ.</p>
+
+<p>
+ ÐÑже, Ñоб маÑи можливÑÑÑÑ Ð¿ÑодовжÑваÑи
коÑиÑÑÑваÑиÑÑ ÐºÐ¾Ð¼Ð¿'ÑÑеÑами без
+ганÑби, Ñ Ð²Ð¸ÑÑÑив ÑклаÑÑи Ñазом доÑÑаÑнÑ
ÑиÑло вÑлÑниÑ
пÑогÑам з Ñим, Ñоб Ñ
+змÑг обÑйÑиÑÑ Ð±ÐµÐ· бÑдÑ-ÑÐºÐ¾Ñ Ð½ÐµÐ²ÑлÑноÑ
пÑогÑами. Я звÑлÑнивÑÑ Ð· лабоÑаÑоÑÑÑ,
+Ñоб не залиÑиÑи ÑнÑÑиÑÑÑÑ Ð¶Ð¾Ð´Ð½Ð¾Ð³Ð¾
законного пÑÐ¸Ð²Ð¾Ð´Ñ ÑÑÑимаÑи мене вÑд
+ÑоздаÑÑ<a href="#f2a">(2)</a> GNU.</p>
+
+<h3 id="compatible">Ð§Ð¾Ð¼Ñ GNU бÑде ÑÑмÑÑна з Unix</h3>
+
+<p>
+ Unix Ð´Ð»Ñ Ð¼ÐµÐ½Ðµ не Ñдеал, але вона не Ñака вже
погана. У ÑвоÑÑ
оÑноваÑ
Unix
+пÑедÑÑавлÑÑÑÑÑÑ Ð·Ð´Ð¾ÑовоÑ, Ñ Ñ Ð´ÑмаÑ, Ñо
Ð·Ð¼Ð¾Ð¶Ñ Ð·Ð°Ð¿Ð¾Ð²Ð½Ð¸Ñи Ñе, Ñого бÑакÑÑ
+Unix, не зÑпÑÑвавÑи ÑиÑ
оÑнов. Ð ÑиÑÑема,
ÑÑмÑÑна з Unix, бÑде зÑÑÑна в
+оÑвоÑÐ½Ð½Ñ Ð´Ð»Ñ Ð±Ð°Ð³Ð°ÑÑоÑ
.</p>
+
+<h3 id="available">Як GNU бÑде поÑиÑÑваÑиÑÑ</h3>
+
+<p>
+ GNU — не ÑÑÑпÑлÑне надбаннÑ. ÐÑÑм
бÑде дозволено змÑнÑваÑи Ñ
+поÑиÑÑваÑи GNU, але нÑÑÐºÐ¾Ð¼Ñ Ð¿Ð¾ÑÑаÑалÑникÑ
не дозволÑÑÑ Ð¾Ð±Ð¼ÐµÐ¶Ð¸Ñи ÑÑ Ð¿Ð¾Ð´Ð°Ð»ÑÑе
+поÑиÑеннÑ. ÐнÑими Ñловами, <a
+href="/philosophy/categories.html#ProprietarySoftware">невÑлÑнÑ</a>
змÑни
+бÑдÑÑÑ Ð·Ð°Ð±Ð¾ÑоненÑ. Я Ñ
оÑÑ Ð³Ð°ÑанÑÑваÑи, Ñо
вÑÑ Ð²ÐµÑÑÑÑ GNU залиÑаÑÑÑÑ
+вÑлÑними.</p>
+
+<h3 id="why-help">Ð§Ð¾Ð¼Ñ Ð±Ð°Ð³Ð°Ñо пÑогÑамÑÑÑÑв Ñ
оÑÑÑÑ
допомогÑи</h3>
+
+<p>
+ Я знайÑов багаÑо пÑогÑамÑÑÑÑв, ÑкÑ
ÑпÑвÑÑваÑÑÑ GNU Ñ Ñ
оÑÑÑÑ Ð´Ð¾Ð¿Ð¾Ð¼Ð¾Ð³Ñи.</p>
+
+<p>
+ ÐагаÑо пÑогÑамÑÑÑи ÑÑÑÑбованÑ
комеÑÑÑалÑзаÑÑÑÑ ÑиÑÑемниÑ
пÑогÑам. Ðона,
+можливо, Ñ Ð´Ð¾Ð·Ð²Ð¾Ð»ÑÑ Ñм заÑобиÑи бÑлÑÑе
гÑоÑей, але змÑÑÑÑ Ð²ÑдÑÑваÑи Ñебе
+вÑдноÑно ÑнÑиÑ
пÑогÑамÑÑÑÑв пÑоÑивниками,
а не ÑоваÑиÑами. ÐаÑÑжний камÑнÑ
+дÑÑжби мÑж пÑогÑамÑÑÑами обмÑн
пÑогÑамами; ÑÐ¸Ð¿Ð¾Ð²Ñ Ð½Ð¸Ð½ÑÑнÑ
+ÑÐ¸Ð½ÐºÐ¾Ð²Ñ Ð²ÑдноÑини, по ÑÑÑÑ, забоÑонÑÑÑÑ
пÑогÑамÑÑÑам ÑÑавиÑиÑÑ Ð´Ð¾ ÑнÑиÑ
, Ñк
+до дÑÑзÑв. ÐокÑпеÑÑ Ð¿ÑогÑами повинен
вибиÑаÑи мÑж дÑÑÐ¶Ð±Ð¾Ñ Ñ Ð¿ÑдпоÑÑдкÑваннÑм
+законÑ. ÐÑиÑодно, багаÑо Ñ
Ñо виÑÑÑÑÑ, Ñо
дÑÑжба важливÑÑа. Ðле ÑиÑ
, Ñ
Ñо
+вÑÑиÑÑ Ð² закон, ÑаÑÑо не влаÑÑовÑÑ Ð½Ñ Ñе, нÑ
ÑнÑе. Ðони ÑÑаÑÑÑ ÑинÑÑними Ñ
+поÑинаÑÑÑ Ð´ÑмаÑи, Ñо пÑогÑамÑÐ²Ð°Ð½Ð½Ñ —
Ñе ÑÑлÑки ÑпоÑÑб заÑобиÑи
+гÑоÑÑ.</p>
+
+<p>
+ РозÑоблÑÑÑи Ñ Ð·Ð°ÑÑоÑовÑÑÑи GNU замÑÑÑÑ
невÑлÑниÑ
пÑогÑам, ми можемо бÑÑи
+пÑивÑÑними до вÑÑÑ
Ñ Ð´Ð¾ÑÑимÑваÑиÑÑ Ð·Ð°ÐºÐ¾Ð½Ñ.
Ðо Ñого ж GNU ÑлÑжиÑÑ Ð¿Ñикладом
+Ð´Ð»Ñ Ð½Ð°ÑÑ
Ð½ÐµÐ½Ð½Ñ Ñ Ð¿ÑапоÑом, збиÑаÑÑÑ ÑнÑиÑ
,
Ñоб пÑиÑднаÑиÑÑ Ð´Ð¾ наÑого
+обмÑнÑ. Це може даÑи нам вÑдÑÑÑÑÑ Ð³Ð°ÑмонÑÑ,
неможливе, коли ми
+викоÑиÑÑовÑÑмо пÑогÑами, ÑÐºÑ Ð½Ðµ вÑлÑнÑ.
ÐÑиблизно Ð´Ð»Ñ Ð¿Ð¾Ð»Ð¾Ð²Ð¸Ð½Ð¸ вÑÑÑ
+пÑогÑамÑÑÑÑв, ÑкиÑ
Ñ Ð¿Ð¸Ñав, Ñе важливий
Ñкладник ÑаÑÑÑ, Ñкий гÑоÑÑ Ð·Ð°Ð¼ÑниÑи
+не можÑÑÑ.</p>
+
+<h3 id="contribute">Чим ви можеÑе допомогÑи</h3>
+
+<blockquote>
+<p>
+(СÑÐ¾Ð³Ð¾Ð´Ð½Ñ Ð·Ð°Ð²Ð´Ð°Ð½Ð½Ñ Ð¿Ð¾ ÑобоÑÑ Ð½Ð°Ð´
пÑогÑамами ÑозмÑÑÑÑÑÑÑÑ Ð² <a
+href="http://fsf.org/campaigns/priority-projects";>ÑпиÑкÑ
пÑÑоÑиÑеÑниÑ
+пÑоекÑÑв</a>, <a
href="http://savannah.gnu.org/people/?type_id=1";>ÑпиÑкÑ
+“GNU: ÐоÑÑÑбна допомога”</a>, загалÑномÑ
ÑпиÑÐºÑ Ð·Ð°Ð²Ð´Ð°Ð½Ñ Ð´Ð»Ñ
+пакеÑÑв GNU. ÐнÑÑ ÑпоÑоби допомогÑи вказанÑ
Ñ <a
+href="/help/help.html">поÑÑÐ±Ð½Ð¸ÐºÑ Ð· допомоги
опеÑаÑÑйнÑй ÑиÑÑÐµÐ¼Ñ GNU</a>).
+</p>
+</blockquote>
+
+<p>
+ Я Ð·Ð°ÐºÐ»Ð¸ÐºÐ°Ñ Ð²Ð¸ÑобникÑв комп'ÑÑеÑÑв
пÑиноÑиÑи в Ð´Ð°Ñ Ð¼Ð°Ñини Ñ Ð³ÑоÑÑ. Я закликаÑ
+пÑиваÑниÑ
оÑÑб пÑиноÑиÑи в Ð´Ð°Ñ Ð¿ÑогÑами Ñ
пÑаÑÑ.</p>
+
+<p>
+ Ðдин з наÑлÑдкÑв, ÑкиÑ
ви можеÑе
оÑÑкÑваÑи вÑд пÑинеÑÐµÐ½Ð½Ñ Ð² даÑ
+ÐÐÐ Ñо GNU ÑкоÑо поÑне на ниÑ
пÑаÑÑваÑи. ÐÐÐ Ð¿Ð¾Ð²Ð¸Ð½Ð½Ñ Ð±ÑÑи
+повнÑÑÑÑ ÑкомплекÑованими, гоÑовими длÑ
ÑобоÑи ÑиÑÑемами, пÑидаÑними длÑ
+ÑобоÑи в жиÑловиÑ
пÑимÑÑеннÑÑ
Ñ Ð½Ðµ
поÑÑебÑваÑи Ñ
иÑÑомÑдÑиÑ
ÑиÑÑем
+оÑ
Ð¾Ð»Ð¾Ð´Ð¶ÐµÐ½Ð½Ñ Ð°Ð±Ð¾ живленнÑ.</p>
+
+<p>
+ Я знайÑов дÑже багаÑо пÑогÑамÑÑÑÑв, ÑкÑ
ÑвÑÑÑÑÑ Ð¿ÑаÑÑваÑи за ÑÑмÑÑниÑÑвом
+Ð´Ð»Ñ GNU. ÐÐ»Ñ Ð±ÑлÑÑоÑÑÑ Ð¿ÑоекÑÑв ÑакÑ
ÑаÑÑÐºÐ¾Ð²Ñ Ð·Ð°Ð¹Ð½ÑÑÑÑÑÑ Ð´Ñже важко
+кооÑдинÑваÑи; незалежно напиÑÐ°Ð½Ñ ÑаÑÑини
не ÑÑали б пÑаÑÑваÑи Ñазом. Ðле
+конкÑеÑно Ð´Ð»Ñ Ð·Ð°Ð²Ð´Ð°Ð½Ð½Ñ Ð·Ð°Ð¼Ñни Unix ÑÑÑÑ
пÑоблеми немаÑ. Ðовна ÑиÑÑема Unix
+мÑÑÑиÑÑ ÑоÑÐ½Ñ ÑÑилÑÑ, кожна з ÑкиÑ
докÑменÑÑÑÑÑÑÑ Ð¾ÐºÑемо. ÐÑлÑÑÑÑÑÑ
+ÑпеÑиÑÑкаÑÑй взаÑмодÑÑ Ð²Ð¸Ð·Ð½Ð°ÑаÑÑÑÑÑ
ÑÑмÑÑнÑÑÑÑ Ð· Unix. ЯкÑо кожен ÑÑаÑник
+зможе напиÑаÑи ÑÑмÑÑÐ½Ñ Ð·Ð°Ð¼ÑÐ½Ñ ÑвоÑÑ
ÑÑилÑÑи Unix Ñ Ð´Ð¾Ð±'ÑÑÑÑÑ, Ñоб вона
+належним Ñином пÑаÑÑвала на мÑÑÑÑ
оÑигÑÐ½Ð°Ð»Ñ Ð² ÑиÑÑÐµÐ¼Ñ Unix, ÑÐ¾Ð´Ñ ÑÑ ÑÑилÑÑи
+запÑаÑÑÑÑÑ Ð¿ÑавилÑно, коли ÑÑ
ÑкладÑÑÑ
Ñазом. ÐавÑÑÑ Ð´Ð¾Ð¿ÑÑкаÑÑи за законом
+ÐеÑÑÑ Ð²Ð¸Ð½Ð¸ÐºÐ½ÐµÐ½Ð½Ñ Ð½ÐµÐ²ÐµÐ»Ð¸ÐºÐ¾Ð³Ð¾ ÑиÑла
неÑподÑваниÑ
пÑоблем, зÑбÑаÑи ÑÑ
+компоненÑи бÑде здÑйÑненним завданнÑм.
(ЯдÑо Ð·Ð°Ð¶Ð°Ð´Ð°Ñ Ð±ÑлÑÑ ÑÑÑного
+ÑпÑлкÑваннÑ. Ðад ним бÑде пÑаÑÑваÑи
невелика згÑÑÑована гÑÑпа.)</p>
+
+<p>
+ ЯкÑо Ñ Ð±ÑÐ´Ñ Ð¾ÑÑимÑваÑи гÑоÑÐ¾Ð²Ñ Ð¿Ð¾Ð¶ÐµÑÑви,
Ñо Ñ Ð·Ð¼Ð¾Ð¶Ñ Ð½Ð°Ð¹Ð½ÑÑи ÑÑоÑ
и лÑдей на
+повний ÑобоÑий Ð´ÐµÐ½Ñ Ð°Ð±Ð¾ за ÑÑмÑÑниÑÑвом.
ÐаÑобÑÑок не бÑде великим за
+понÑÑÑÑми пÑогÑамÑÑÑÑв, але Ñ ÑÑÐºÐ°Ñ Ð»Ñдей,
Ð´Ð»Ñ ÑкиÑ
ÑÑвоÑÐµÐ½Ð½Ñ Ð°ÑмоÑÑеÑи
+ÑоваÑиÑÑва Ñак Ñамо важливе, Ñк Ñ
оÑÑÐ¸Ð¼Ð°Ð½Ð½Ñ Ð³ÑоÑей. Я ÑозглÑÐ´Ð°Ñ Ñе Ñк ÑпоÑÑб
+даÑи можливÑÑÑÑ ÑамовÑдданим лÑдÑм
пÑиÑвÑÑиÑи вÑÑ ÑÐ²Ð¾Ñ Ñили ÑобоÑÑ Ð½Ð°Ð´ GNU,
+позбавивÑи ÑÑ
вÑд поÑÑеби заÑоблÑÑи на
жиÑÑÑ ÑнÑим ÑпоÑобом.</p>
+
+<h3 id="benefit">Чим Ñе бÑде коÑиÑно вÑÑм
коÑиÑÑÑваÑам комп'ÑÑеÑÑв</h3>
+
+<p>
+ Як ÑÑлÑки GNU бÑде напиÑана, кожен зможе
оÑÑимаÑи гаÑне ÑиÑÑемне пÑогÑамне
+забезпеÑÐµÐ½Ð½Ñ Ñак Ñамо вÑлÑно, Ñк повÑÑÑÑ.<a
href="#f2">(3)</a></p>
+
+<p>
+ Це знаÑиÑÑ Ð½Ð°Ð±Ð°Ð³Ð°Ñо бÑлÑÑе, нÑж пÑоÑÑо
збеÑÐµÐ¶ÐµÐ½Ð½Ñ Ð´Ð»Ñ ÐºÐ¾Ð¶Ð½Ð¾Ð³Ð¾ ваÑÑоÑÑÑ
+лÑÑензÑÑ Unix. Це ознаÑаÑ, Ñо бÑде покÑнÑено
з маÑноÑÑаÑним дÑблÑваннÑм
+пÑаÑÑ ÑиÑÑемниÑ
пÑогÑамÑÑÑÑв. ÐамÑÑÑÑ
ÑÑого ÑÑ
Ð½Ñ Ð¿ÑаÑÑ Ð¼Ð¾Ð¶Ðµ пÑÑи на ÑозвиÑок
+вже ÑÑнÑÑÑого.</p>
+
+<p>
+ ÐÐ¾Ð²Ð½Ñ Ð²Ð¸Ñ
ÑÐ´Ð½Ñ ÑекÑÑи ÑиÑÑеми бÑдÑÑÑ
доÑÑÑÐ¿Ð½Ñ ÐºÐ¾Ð¶Ð½Ð¾Ð¼Ñ. Ð ÑезÑлÑÑаÑÑ
+коÑиÑÑÑваÑ, ÑÐºÐ¾Ð¼Ñ Ð¿Ð¾ÑÑÑÐ±Ð½Ñ Ð·Ð¼Ñни в нÑй,
завжди зможе внеÑÑи ÑÑ
Ñам або
+найнÑÑи бÑдÑ-Ñкого доÑÑÑпного пÑогÑамÑÑÑа
або компанÑÑ Ð²Ð½ÐµÑÑи ÑÑ
длÑ
+нÑого. ÐоÑиÑÑÑваÑам не доведеÑÑÑÑ Ð±ÑлÑÑе
ÑекаÑи милоÑÑей вÑд одного
+пÑогÑамÑÑÑа або компанÑÑ, Ñо володÑÑ
поÑаÑковими ÑекÑÑами ÑпÑеÑогаÑивоÑ
+вноÑиÑи змÑни.</p>
+
+<p>
+ ÐавÑалÑÐ½Ñ Ð·Ð°ÐºÐ»Ð°Ð´Ð¸ зможÑÑÑ Ð½Ð°Ð´Ð°Ñи
набагаÑо бÑлÑÑе багаÑе оÑвÑÑÐ½Ñ ÑеÑедовиÑе,
+заоÑ
оÑÑÑÑи вÑÑÑ
ÑÑÑденÑÑв вивÑаÑи Ñ
покÑаÑÑваÑи ÑиÑÑемÑ. У ÐаÑваÑдÑÑкÑй
+обÑиÑлÑвалÑÐ½Ð¾Ñ Ð»Ð°Ð±Ð¾ÑаÑоÑÑÑ Ð±Ñло пÑавило,
Ñо в ÑиÑÑÐµÐ¼Ñ Ð½Ðµ можна вÑÑановлÑваÑи
+нÑÑÐºÑ Ð¿ÑогÑамÑ, ÑкÑо ÑÑ Ð²Ð¸Ñ
ÑÐ´Ð½Ñ ÑекÑÑи не
виÑÑÐ°Ð²Ð»ÐµÐ½Ñ Ð½Ð° загалÑний оглÑд. ÐлÑ
+ÑÑого Ñм доводилоÑÑ Ð²ÑдмовлÑÑиÑÑ Ð²Ñд
вÑÑÐ°Ð½Ð¾Ð²Ð»ÐµÐ½Ð½Ñ Ð¿ÐµÐ²Ð½Ð¸Ñ
пÑогÑам. Я бÑв в
+знаÑнÑй мÑÑÑ Ð½Ð°ÑÑ
ненний Ñим.</p>
+
+<p>
+ ÐаÑеÑÑÑ, ÑкладноÑÑÑ ÑозглÑдÑв з пÑиводÑ
Ñого, Ñ
Ñо володÑÑ ÑиÑÑемними
+пÑогÑамами Ñ Ñо Ð¹Ð¾Ð¼Ñ Ð´Ð¾Ð·Ð²Ð¾Ð»ÐµÐ½Ð¾, а Ñо не
дозволено ÑобиÑи з ними, бÑдÑÑÑ
+знÑÑÑ.</p>
+
+<p>
+ ÐаÑоби змÑÑиÑи лÑдей плаÑиÑи за
коÑиÑÑÑÐ²Ð°Ð½Ð½Ñ Ð¿ÑогÑамоÑ, вклÑÑаÑÑи
+лÑÑензÑÐ²Ð°Ð½Ð½Ñ ÐºÐ¾Ð¿Ñй, завжди обÑ
одÑÑÑÑÑ
ÑÑÑпÑлÑÑÑÐ²Ñ Ð´Ñже доÑого ÑеÑез
+гÑомÑÐ·Ð´ÐºÑ Ð¼ÐµÑ
анÑзми, необÑ
ÑдниÑ
длÑ
з'ÑÑÑваннÑ, ÑкÑлÑки (ÑобÑо, за ÑкÑ
+пÑогÑами) Ñ
Ñо повинен плаÑиÑи. Ð ÑÑлÑки
полÑÑейÑÑка деÑжава може пÑимÑÑиÑи
+кожного пÑдкоÑÑÑиÑÑ Ñм. УÑвÑÑÑ ÑобÑ
коÑмÑÑÐ½Ñ ÑÑанÑÑÑ, де повÑÑÑÑ Ð´Ð¾Ð²Ð¾Ð´Ð¸ÑÑÑÑ
+виÑоблÑÑи виÑÐ¾ÐºÐ¾Ñ ÑÑноÑ. Ðожливо,
ÑÑÑгÑÐ²Ð°Ð½Ð½Ñ Ð¿Ð»Ð°Ñи за кожний лÑÑÑ Ð·Ñ Ð²ÑÑÑ
,
+Ñ
Ñо диÑ
аÑ, ÑпÑаведливе, однак ноÑиÑи
пÑоÑигаз з лÑÑилÑником веÑÑ Ð´ÐµÐ½Ñ Ñ Ð²ÑÑ
+нÑÑ Ð½ÐµÑÑеÑпно, навÑÑÑ ÑкÑо кожен може
оплаÑиÑи ÑаÑ
Ñнок за повÑÑÑÑ. Ð
+ÑелекамеÑи вÑÑди, Ñоб пÑоÑÑежиÑи за Ñим, Ñи
не знÑмаÑÑе ви пÑоÑигаз,
+обÑÑливÑ. ÐÑаÑе ÑÑÑимÑваÑи повÑÑÑÑний
завод поголовним подаÑком Ñ ÑкинÑÑи
+пÑоÑигази.</p>
+
+<p>
+ ÐопÑÑÐ²Ð°Ð½Ð½Ñ Ð²ÑÑÑ
ÑаÑÑин пÑогÑами Ñак Ñамо
пÑиÑодно Ð´Ð»Ñ Ð¿ÑогÑамÑÑÑа, Ñк
+диÑ
аннÑ, Ñ Ñак Ñамо пÑодÑкÑивно. Ðоно
повинно бÑÑи Ñеж вÑлÑним.</p>
+
+<h3 id="rebutted-objections">ÐеÑÐºÑ Ð»ÐµÐ³ÐºÐ¾ ÑпÑоÑÑовÑванÑ
запеÑеÑÐµÐ½Ð½Ñ Ð¿ÑоÑи ÑÑлей GNU</h3>
+
+<p id="support">
+<strong>“ÐÑÑ
Ñо не бÑде заÑÑоÑовÑваÑи вÑлÑнÑ
+ÑиÑÑемÑ, ÑÐ¾Ð¼Ñ Ñо вони не зможÑÑÑ
+ÑозÑаÑ
овÑваÑи на ÑкÑÑÑ
пÑдÑÑимкє</strong></p>
+
+<p>
+<strong>“ÐоводиÑÑÑÑ Ð±ÑаÑи плаÑÑ Ð·Ð°
пÑогÑамÑ, Ñоб оплаÑиÑи
+пÑдÑÑимкє</strong></p>
+
+<p>
+ ЯкÑо лÑди гоÑÐ¾Ð²Ñ ÑвидÑе плаÑиÑи за GNU
+Ñазом з обÑлÑговÑваннÑм, нÑж взÑÑи GNU
+вÑлÑÐ½Ñ Ð±ÐµÐ· обÑлÑговÑваннÑ, пÑдпÑиÑмÑÑво,
+Ñке Ð½Ð°Ð´Ð°Ñ ÑÑлÑки обÑлÑговÑÐ²Ð°Ð½Ð½Ñ Ð»ÑдÑм,
+Ñо оÑÑимали GNU вÑлÑно, Ð¼Ð°Ñ Ð±ÑÑи
+пÑибÑÑковим.<a href="#f3">(4)</a></p>
+
+<p>
+ ÐоÑÑÑбно ÑозÑÑзнÑÑи пÑдÑÑÐ¸Ð¼ÐºÑ Ñ Ð²Ð¸Ð³Ð»ÑдÑ
ÑпÑавжнÑого пÑогÑамÑÐ²Ð°Ð½Ð½Ñ Ð²Ñд
+пÑоÑÑÐ¾Ñ Ð´Ð¾Ð¿Ð¾Ð¼Ð¾Ð³Ð¸ в ÑобоÑÑ. ÐеÑÑÑ Ð¼Ð¾Ð¶Ð½Ð°
ÑподÑваÑиÑÑ Ð¾ÑÑимаÑи вÑд виÑобника
+пÑогÑам. ЯкÑо ваÑа пÑоблема не ÑÑоÑÑÑÑÑÑÑ
доÑиÑÑ Ð²ÐµÐ»Ð¸ÐºÐ¾Ð³Ð¾ ÑиÑла лÑдей,
+виÑобник попÑоÑиÑÑ Ð²Ð°Ñ Ð²ÑдÑепиÑиÑÑ.</p>
+
+<p>
+ ЯкÑо Ð´Ð»Ñ Ð²Ð°ÑÐ¾Ñ ÑпÑави поÑÑÑбна
впевненÑÑÑÑ Ñ Ð¿ÑдÑÑимки, Ñдиний
+ÑпоÑÑб маÑи ÑÑÑ Ð½ÐµÐ¾Ð±Ñ
ÑÐ´Ð½Ñ Ð²Ð¸Ñ
ÑднÑ
ÑекÑÑи Ñ Ð·Ð°Ñоби ÑозÑобки. ТодÑ
+ви зможеÑе найнÑÑи бÑдÑ-ÑÐºÑ Ð½ÐµÐ·Ð°Ð¹Ð½ÑÑÑ
оÑÐ¾Ð±Ñ Ñ ÑÑÑнÑÑи пÑоблемÑ; ви не
+залежиÑе вÑд когоÑÑ Ð¾Ð´Ð½Ð¾Ð³Ð¾. ЦÑни на виÑ
ÑÐ´Ð½Ñ ÑекÑÑи Unix виноÑÑÑÑ Ñе за Ñамки
+обговоÑÐµÐ½Ð½Ñ Ð´Ð»Ñ Ð±ÑлÑÑоÑÑÑ Ð¿ÑдпÑиÑмÑÑв. Ð
GNU Ñе ÑÑане легко. ТÑÑ Ð²Ñе Ñе
+можливо, Ñо не знайдеÑÑÑÑ Ð½ÐµÐ·Ð°Ð¹Ð½ÑÑоÑ
компеÑенÑÐ½Ð¾Ñ Ð¾Ñоби, але поÑÑдок
+поÑиÑÐµÐ½Ð½Ñ ÑÑÑ Ð½Ñ Ð¿Ñи ÑомÑ. GNU не виÑÑÑÑÑ
вÑÑÑ
ÑвÑÑовиÑ
пÑоблем, ÑÑлÑки
+деÑÐºÑ Ð· ниÑ
.</p>
+
+<p>
+ У Ñой же ÑÐ°Ñ ÐºÐ¾ÑиÑÑÑваÑÑ, ÑÐºÑ Ð½ÑÑого не
знаÑÑÑ Ð¿Ñо комп'ÑÑеÑи, поÑÑебÑÑÑÑ
+допомоги: Ð²Ð¸ÐºÐ¾Ð½Ð°Ð½Ð½Ñ Ð·Ð° ниÑ
Ñого, Ñо вони
ÑÐ°Ð¼Ñ Ð»ÐµÐ³ÐºÐ¾ зÑобили б, але не знаÑÑÑ
+Ñк.</p>
+
+<p>
+ Ð¢Ð°ÐºÑ Ð¿Ð¾ÑлÑги могли б надаваÑи компанÑÑ,
ÑÐºÑ Ð¿ÑопонÑÑÑÑ ÑÑлÑки поÑлÑги з
+ÑемонÑÑ Ñа допомоги. ЯкÑо вÑÑно, Ñо
коÑиÑÑÑваÑÑ Ð³Ð¾ÑÐ¾Ð²Ñ Ð²Ð¸ÑÑаÑиÑи гÑоÑÑ, Ñоб
+оÑÑимаÑи пÑодÑÐºÑ Ð· пÑдÑÑимкоÑ, Ñо вони
ÑоÑно Ñак Ñамо заÑ
оÑÑÑÑ ÐºÑпиÑи
+поÑлÑги, оÑÑимавÑи пÑодÑÐºÑ Ð²ÑлÑним.
ÐомпанÑÑ Ð¿Ð¾ обÑлÑговÑÐ²Ð°Ð½Ð½Ñ Ð±ÑдÑÑÑ
+конкÑÑÑваÑи за ÑкÑÑÑÑ Ñ ÑÑноÑ. ÐоÑиÑÑÑваÑÑ
не бÑдÑÑÑ Ð¿Ñив'ÑÐ·Ð°Ð½Ñ Ð´Ð¾
+ÑкоÑ-небÑÐ´Ñ Ð¾Ð´Ð½ÑÑÑ. У Ñой же ÑÐ°Ñ ÑÑ Ð· наÑ,
ÐºÐ¾Ð¼Ñ Ð½Ðµ поÑÑÑÐ±Ð½Ñ ÑÑ Ð¿Ð¾ÑлÑги,
+зможÑÑÑ ÐºÐ¾ÑиÑÑÑваÑиÑÑ Ð¿ÑогÑÐ°Ð¼Ð¾Ñ Ð±ÐµÐ·
оплаÑи поÑлÑг.</p>
+
+<p id="advertising">
+<strong>“Ðи не ÑÑанеÑе попÑлÑÑÐ½Ñ Ð±ÐµÐ·
Ñеклами, а Ð´Ð»Ñ ÑÑого доведеÑÑÑÑ
+ÑÑÑгÑваÑи плаÑÑ Ð·Ð° пÑогÑамє</strong></p>
+
+<p>
+<strong>“ÐÐµÐ¼Ð°Ñ ÑенÑÑ ÑекламÑваÑи пÑогÑамÑ,
ÑÐºÑ Ð¼Ð¾Ð¶Ð½Ð° оÑÑимаÑи
+вÑлÑно”</strong></p>
+
+<p>
+ ÐаÑÐ²Ð½Ñ ÑÑÐ·Ð½Ñ ÑоÑми безкоÑÑовного або
дÑже деÑевого оÑÑÐ¸Ð¼Ð°Ð½Ð½Ñ Ð¿Ð¾Ð¿ÑлÑÑноÑÑÑ,
+ÑÐºÑ Ð¼Ð¾Ð¶Ð½Ð° заÑÑоÑÑваÑи Ð´Ð»Ñ Ð¾Ð¿Ð¾Ð²ÑÑеннÑ
коÑиÑÑÑваÑÑв комп'ÑÑеÑÑв пÑо Ñо-небÑдÑ,
+пов'Ñзане Ñз GNU. Ðле можливо ÑÐµÐºÐ»Ð°Ð¼Ð¾Ñ Ð¼Ð¾Ð¶Ð½Ð°
оÑÑимаÑи бÑлÑÑе коÑиÑÑÑваÑÑв
+мÑкÑокомп'ÑÑеÑÑв. ЯкÑо Ñе дÑйÑно Ñак, Ñо
пÑдпÑиÑмÑÑво, Ñо ÑекламÑÑ Ð¿Ð¾ÑлÑги з
+копÑÑÐ²Ð°Ð½Ð½Ñ Ñа пеÑеÑÐ¸Ð»Ð°Ð½Ð½Ñ GNU за плаÑÑ, маÑ
бÑÑи доÑÑаÑнÑо жиÑÑÑздаÑним,
+Ñоб оплаÑиÑи ÑÐµÐºÐ»Ð°Ð¼Ñ Ñа ÑнÑе. Таким Ñином,
за ÑÐµÐºÐ»Ð°Ð¼Ñ Ð¿Ð»Ð°ÑÑÑÑ ÑÑлÑки ÑÑ,
+ÐºÐ¾Ð¼Ñ Ð²Ð¾Ð½Ð° коÑиÑна.</p>
+
+<p>
+ Ð ÑнÑого бокÑ, ÑкÑо багаÑо оÑÑимаÑÑÑ GNU
вÑд ÑвоÑÑ
знайомиÑ
, Ñ ÑÐ°ÐºÑ ÐºÐ¾Ð¼Ð¿Ð°Ð½ÑÑ
+не бÑдÑÑÑ Ð¼Ð°Ñи ÑÑпÑÑ
Ñ, Ñе покаже, Ñо
наÑпÑÐ°Ð²Ð´Ñ Ñеклама не поÑÑÑбна длÑ
+поÑиÑÐµÐ½Ð½Ñ GNU. Ð§Ð¾Ð¼Ñ Ð¿ÑиÑ
илÑники вÑлÑного
ÑÐ¸Ð½ÐºÑ Ð½Ðµ Ñ
оÑÑÑÑ Ð´Ð¾Ð·Ð²Ð¾Ð»Ð¸Ñи виÑÑÑиÑи
+Ñе вÑлÑÐ½Ð¾Ð¼Ñ ÑинкÑ?<a href="#f4">(5)</a></p>
+
+<p id="competitive">
+<strong>“ÐоÑй компанÑÑ Ð¿Ð¾ÑÑÑбна ÑÑÑмова
опеÑаÑÑйна ÑиÑÑема, Ñоб бÑÑи
+попеÑÐµÐ´Ñ ÐºÐ¾Ð½ÐºÑÑенÑÑв”</strong></p>
+
+<p>
+ GNU видалиÑÑ Ð¿ÑогÑами опеÑаÑÑÐ¹Ð½Ð¾Ñ ÑиÑÑеми
ÑзÑаÑÑÑва конкÑÑенÑÑÑ. Ðи не
+зможеÑе бÑÑи попеÑÐµÐ´Ñ Ð²ÑÑÑ
в ÑÑй облаÑÑÑ,
але Ñ Ð²Ð°ÑÑ ÐºÐ¾Ð½ÐºÑÑенÑи не зможÑÑÑ
+обÑгнаÑи ваÑ. Ðи бÑдеÑе конкÑÑÑваÑи з ними
в ÑнÑиÑ
облаÑÑÑÑ
, оÑÑимÑÑÑи
+взаÑÐ¼Ð½Ñ Ð²Ð¸Ð³Ð¾Ð´Ñ Ð² ÑÑй. ЯкÑо ви ÑоÑгÑÑÑе
опеÑаÑÑÐ¹Ð½Ð¾Ñ ÑиÑÑемоÑ, Ñо GNU вам не
+ÑподобаÑÑÑÑÑ, ÑÑÑ Ð²Ð°Ð¼ не поÑаÑÑило. ЯкÑо ви
займаÑÑеÑÑ ÑимоÑÑ ÑнÑим, GNU не
+даÑÑÑ Ð²ÑÑгнÑÑи Ð²Ð°Ñ Ñ Ð´Ð¾ÑÐ¾Ð³Ñ ÑпÑавÑ
ÑоÑгÑÐ²Ð»Ñ Ð¾Ð¿ÐµÑаÑÑйними ÑиÑÑемами.</p>
+
+<p>
+ Я Ñ
оÑÑв би побаÑиÑи, Ñк ÑозÑÐ¾Ð±ÐºÑ GNU
пÑдÑÑимÑÑÑÑ Ð´Ð°Ñи багаÑÑоÑ
виÑобникÑв Ñ
+коÑиÑÑÑваÑÑв, знижÑÑÑи ваÑÑÑÑÑÑ Ð´Ð»Ñ
кожного.<a href="#f5">(6)</a></p>
+
+<p id="deserve">
+<strong>“Ð¥Ñба пÑогÑамÑÑÑи не заÑлÑговÑÑÑÑ
нагоÑоди за
+ÑвоÑÑÑÑÑÑ?”</strong></p>
+
+<p>
+ ЯкÑо ÑоÑÑ Ñ Ð·Ð°ÑлÑговÑÑ Ð½Ð°Ð³Ð¾Ñоди, Ñо Ñе
заÑлÑги пеÑед ÑÑÑпÑлÑÑÑвом. ТвоÑÑÑÑÑÑ
+може бÑÑи заÑлÑÐ³Ð¾Ñ Ð¿ÐµÑед ÑÑÑпÑлÑÑÑвом, але
лиÑе в ÑÑй мÑÑÑ, в ÑкÑй
+ÑÑÑпÑлÑÑÑво вÑлÑне викоÑиÑÑовÑваÑи
ÑезÑлÑÑаÑи. ЯкÑо пÑогÑамÑÑÑи заÑлÑговÑÑÑÑ
+нагоÑоди за ÑÑвоÑÐµÐ½Ð½Ñ Ð¿ÐµÑедовиÑ
пÑогÑам,
Ñо з ÑÑÑÑ Ð¶ пÑиÑини вони
+заÑлÑговÑÑÑÑ Ð¿Ð¾ÐºÐ°ÑаннÑ, ÑкÑо вони
обмежÑÑÑÑ ÐºÐ¾ÑиÑÑÑÐ²Ð°Ð½Ð½Ñ Ñими пÑогÑамами.</p>
+
+<p id="reward">
+<strong>“Ðевже Ñ Ð¿ÑогÑамÑÑÑа не повинна
бÑÑи можливÑÑÑÑ Ð¿ÑоÑиÑи
+винагоÑоди за ÑÐ²Ð¾Ñ ÑвоÑÑÑÑÑÑ?”</strong></p>
+
+<p>
+ ÐÐµÐ¼Ð°Ñ Ð½ÑÑого поганого в Ð±Ð°Ð¶Ð°Ð½Ð½Ñ Ð¾ÑÑимаÑи
плаÑÑ Ð·Ð° ÑобоÑÑ, Ð½Ñ Ð² пÑагненнÑ
+макÑимÑзÑваÑи ÑÐ²Ð¾Ñ Ð´Ð¾Ñ
оди до ÑиÑ
пÑÑ, поки
заÑÑоÑовÑÐ²Ð°Ð½Ñ Ð·Ð°Ñоби не
+ÑÑйнÑвнÑ. Ðле коÑÑи, звиÑÐ°Ð¹Ð½Ñ Ð² галÑзÑ
пÑогÑамного забезпеÑÐµÐ½Ð½Ñ ÑÑогоднÑ,
+базÑÑÑÑÑÑ Ð½Ð° ÑÑйнÑваннÑ.</p>
+
+<p>
+ ÐиÑÑгÑÐ²Ð°Ð½Ð½Ñ Ð³ÑоÑей з коÑиÑÑÑваÑÑв
пÑогÑами обмеженнÑми на ÑÑ Ð·Ð°ÑÑоÑÑÐ²Ð°Ð½Ð½Ñ Ñ
+ÑÑйнÑвним, ÑÐ¾Ð¼Ñ Ñо Ð¾Ð±Ð¼ÐµÐ¶ÐµÐ½Ð½Ñ Ð·Ð½Ð¸Ð¶ÑÑ
кÑлÑкÑÑÑÑ ÑпоÑобÑв заÑÑоÑÑÐ²Ð°Ð½Ð½Ñ ÑÑÑÑ
+пÑогÑами. Це знижÑÑ ÐºÑлÑкÑÑÑÑ Ð±Ð°Ð³Ð°ÑÑÑва,
Ñке лÑдÑÑво оÑÑимÑÑ Ð·
+пÑогÑами. Ðоли на Ð¾Ð±Ð¼ÐµÐ¶ÐµÐ½Ð½Ñ Ð¹Ð´ÑÑÑ
навмиÑно, ÑкÑÐ´Ð»Ð¸Ð²Ñ Ð½Ð°ÑлÑдки —
+Ñе ÑмиÑне ÑÑйнÑваннÑ.</p>
+
+<p>
+ ÐÑиÑина, ÑеÑез ÑÐºÑ Ð¿Ð¾ÑÑдний гÑомадÑнин
не заÑÑоÑовÑÑ ÑÐ°ÐºÑ ÑÑйнÑÐ²Ð½Ñ Ð·Ð°Ñоби
+Ð´Ð»Ñ Ð·Ð±Ð°Ð³Ð°ÑеннÑ,— Ñе, Ñо ÑкÑо б Ñак Ñинив
кожен, ми вÑÑ ÑÑали б бÑднÑÑÑ
+вÑд взаÑмного ÑÑйнÑваннÑ. Це канÑÑвÑÑка
еÑика, або золоÑе пÑавило. ÐÑкÑлÑки
+Ð¼ÐµÐ½Ñ Ð½Ðµ подобаÑÑÑÑÑ Ð½Ð°ÑлÑдки, ÑкÑ
виникаÑÑÑ, ÑкÑо вÑÑ Ð¿ÑиÑ
овÑÑÑÑ ÑнÑоÑмаÑÑÑ,
+Ð¼ÐµÐ½Ñ Ð´Ð¾Ð²Ð¾Ð´Ð¸ÑÑÑÑ Ð²Ð²Ð°Ð¶Ð°Ñи, Ñо ÑиниÑи Ñак
погано. ÐокÑема, Ð±Ð°Ð¶Ð°Ð½Ð½Ñ Ð±ÑÑи
+винагоÑодженим за ÑÐ²Ð¾Ñ ÑвоÑÑÑÑÑÑ Ð½Ðµ
випÑавдовÑÑ Ð¿Ð¾Ð·Ð±Ð°Ð²Ð»ÐµÐ½Ð½Ñ ÑвÑÑÑ Ð² ÑÑломÑ
+ÑÑÑÑÑ Ð°Ð±Ð¾ ÑаÑÑини ÑÑÑÑ ÑвоÑÑоÑÑÑ.</p>
+
+<p id="starve">
+<strong>“Ðе бÑдÑÑÑ Ð¿ÑогÑамÑÑÑи
голодÑваÑи?”</strong></p>
+
+<p>
+ Я мÑг би вÑдповÑÑÑи, Ñо нÑкого не
змÑÑÑÑÑÑ Ð±ÑÑи пÑогÑамÑÑÑом. ÐÑлÑÑÑÑÑÑ Ð·
+Ð½Ð°Ñ Ð½Ðµ можÑÑÑ Ð¾ÑÑимаÑи ÑкÑлÑки-завгодно
гÑоÑей, ÑÑоÑÑи на вÑлиÑÑ Ñ ÑкиглÑÑи
+жалÑбно. Ðле Ñе не ознаÑаÑ, Ñо ми заÑÑдженÑ
пÑоводиÑи наÑе жиÑÑÑ, пÑоÑÑÑи
+милоÑÑÐ¸Ð½Ñ Ñ Ð³Ð¾Ð»Ð¾Ð´ÑÑÑи. Ðи Ñобимо ÑоÑÑ
ÑнÑе.</p>
+
+<p>
+ Ðле Ñе погана вÑдповÑдÑ, ÑÐ¾Ð¼Ñ Ñо вона
пÑÐ¸Ð¹Ð¼Ð°Ñ Ð½ÐµÑвне пÑипÑÑÐµÐ½Ð½Ñ Ð·Ð°Ð¿Ð¸ÑÑваÑа:
+Ñо без влаÑноÑÑÑ Ð½Ð° пÑогÑами пÑогÑамÑÑÑи,
можливо, не оÑÑимаÑÑÑ Ð½Ñ
+копÑйки. ÐеÑедбаÑаÑÑÑÑÑ, вÑе або нÑÑого.</p>
+
+<p>
+ СпÑÐ°Ð²Ð¶Ð½Ñ Ð¿ÑиÑина, по ÑкÑй пÑогÑамÑÑÑи не
бÑдÑÑÑ Ð³Ð¾Ð»Ð¾Ð´ÑваÑи Ñе,
+Ñо вони вÑе одно зможÑÑÑ Ð¾ÑÑимÑваÑи плаÑÑ
за пÑогÑамÑваннÑ, ÑÑлÑки не Ñак
+багаÑо, Ñк заÑаз.</p>
+
+<p>
+ ÐÐ±Ð¼ÐµÐ¶ÐµÐ½Ð½Ñ ÐºÐ¾Ð¿ÑÑÐ²Ð°Ð½Ð½Ñ — не Ñдине, на
ÑÐ¾Ð¼Ñ Ð¼Ð¾Ð¶ÑÑÑ Ð±Ð°Ð·ÑваÑиÑÑ
+пÑдпÑиÑмÑÑва з виÑобниÑÑва пÑогÑам. Ðа
нÑого ÑпиÑаÑÑÑÑÑ ÑаÑÑÑÑе <a
+href="#f8">(7)</a>, ÑÐ¾Ð¼Ñ Ñо воно пÑиноÑиÑÑ
найбÑлÑÑе гÑоÑей. ЯкÑо Ñе бÑло б
+забоÑонене або вÑдкинÑÑе клÑÑнÑом,
пÑогÑамне пÑдпÑиÑмниÑÑво пеÑейÑло б на
+ÑнÑÑ Ð¿ÑинÑипи оÑганÑзаÑÑÑ, ÑÐºÑ Ð·Ð°Ñаз
залÑÑаÑÑÑÑÑ ÑÑдÑе. Ðавжди Ñ ÑиÑленнÑ
+ÑпоÑоби оÑганÑзаÑÑÑ Ð¿ÑдпÑиÑмÑÑв
бÑдÑ-Ñкого ÑодÑ.</p>
+
+<p>
+ Ðожливо, пÑогÑамÑÐ²Ð°Ð½Ð½Ñ Ð½Ð° новÑй оÑновÑ
не бÑде Ñаким пÑибÑÑковим, Ñк
+заÑаз. Ðле Ñе не аÑгÑÐ¼ÐµÐ½Ñ Ð¿ÑоÑи замÑни. Ðе
вважаÑÑÑÑÑ Ð½ÐµÑпÑаведливÑÑÑÑ, Ñо
+пÑодавÑÑ Ð¾ÑÑимÑÑÑÑ Ð·Ð°ÑплаÑÑ, ÑÐºÑ Ð²Ð¾Ð½Ð¸
заÑаз оÑÑимÑÑÑÑ. ЯкÑо б пÑогÑамÑÑÑи
+оÑÑимÑвали ÑÑÑлÑки ж, Ñе Ñеж не бÑло б
неÑпÑаведливÑÑÑÑ. (Ðа пÑакÑиÑÑ Ð²Ð¾Ð½Ð¸
+оÑÑимÑвали б вÑе-Ñаки знаÑно бÑлÑÑе
ÑÑого.)</p>
+
+<p id="right-to-control">
+<strong>“Ð¥Ñба лÑди не маÑÑÑ Ð¿Ñава
конÑÑолÑваÑи, Ñк викоÑиÑÑовÑÑÑÑÑÑ
+ÑÑ
Ð½Ñ ÑвоÑÑÑÑÑÑ?”</strong></p>
+
+<p>
+“ÐонÑÑÐ¾Ð»Ñ Ð²Ð¸ÐºÐ¾ÑиÑÑÐ°Ð½Ð½Ñ Ð²Ð»Ð°ÑниÑ
Ñдей” в дÑйÑноÑÑÑ ÑвлÑÑ ÑобоÑ
+конÑÑÐ¾Ð»Ñ Ð½Ð°Ð´ жиÑÑÑм лÑдей; Ñ Ð·Ð°Ð·Ð²Ð¸Ñай його
викоÑиÑÑовÑÑÑÑ, Ñоб ÑÑкладниÑи Ñм
+жиÑÑÑ.</p>
+
+<p>
+ ТÑ, Ñ
Ñо ÑеÑелÑно вивÑив пиÑÐ°Ð½Ð½Ñ Ð¿Ñо пÑава
на ÑнÑелекÑÑалÑÐ½Ñ Ð²Ð»Ð°ÑнÑÑÑÑ<a
+href="#f6">(8)</a>
+(Ñк, напÑиклад, ÑÑиÑÑи), кажÑÑÑ, Ñо немаÑ
нÑÑкиÑ
пÑиÑодниÑ
пÑав на
+ÑнÑелекÑÑалÑÐ½Ñ Ð²Ð»Ð°ÑнÑÑÑÑ. Ð¢Ñ Ð²Ð¸Ð´Ð¸ Ñак
званиÑ
пÑав на ÑнÑелекÑÑалÑнÑ
+влаÑнÑÑÑÑ, ÑÐºÑ Ð²Ð¸Ð·Ð½Ð°ÑÑÑÑÑ Ð´ÐµÑжавоÑ,
ÑÑвоÑÐµÐ½Ñ Ð¾Ñобливими пÑавовими акÑами длÑ
+оÑобливиÑ
ÑÑлей.</p>
+
+<p>
+ ÐапÑиклад, паÑенÑна ÑиÑÑема бÑла
ÑÑвоÑена, Ñоб заоÑ
оÑÑваÑи винаÑ
ÑдникÑв до
+опÑилÑÐ´Ð½ÐµÐ½Ð½Ñ Ð´ÐµÑалей ÑвоÑÑ
винаÑ
одÑв. ÐÑ
пÑизнаÑеннÑм бÑло допомагаÑи
+ÑÑÑпÑлÑÑÑвÑ, а не винаÑ
Ñдникам. ТодÑ
ÑеÑмÑн дÑÑ Ð¿Ð°ÑенÑÑ, 17 ÑокÑв, бÑв
+малий Ñ Ð¿Ð¾ÑÑвнÑÐ½Ð½Ñ Ð· Ñемпом пÑогÑеÑÑ.
ÐÑкÑлÑки паÑенÑи маÑÑÑ Ð·Ð½Ð°ÑÐµÐ½Ð½Ñ ÑÑлÑки
+мÑж виÑобниками, вÑд ÑкиÑ
ÑкладеннÑ
лÑÑензÑйного договоÑÑ Ð²Ð¸Ð¼Ð°Ð³Ð°Ñ Ð·Ð½Ð°Ñно
+менÑиÑ
коÑÑÑв Ñ Ð·ÑÑилÑ, нÑж налагодженнÑ
виÑобниÑÑва, Ñо паÑенÑи ÑаÑÑо не
+завдаÑÑÑ Ð±Ð°Ð³Ð°Ñо Ñкоди. Ðони не обÑÑжÑÑÑÑ
бÑлÑÑÑÑÑÑ Ð¿ÑиваÑниÑ
оÑÑб, ÑкÑ
+коÑиÑÑÑÑÑÑÑÑ Ð¿Ð°ÑенÑованими пÑодÑкÑами.</p>
+
+<p>
+ ÐÐ´ÐµÑ Ð°Ð²ÑоÑÑÑкиÑ
пÑав не ÑÑнÑвала в
давнинÑ, коли авÑоÑи ÑаÑÑо без обмеженнÑ
+копÑÑвали ÑнÑиÑ
авÑоÑÑв Ñ Ð½ÐµÑ
ÑдожнÑÑ
ÑобоÑаÑ
. Ð¦Ñ Ð¿ÑакÑика бÑла коÑиÑна, Ñ
+ÑÑлÑки Ñак ÑобоÑи багаÑÑоÑ
авÑоÑÑв
збеÑеглиÑÑ Ñ
оÑа б ÑаÑÑково. СиÑÑема
+авÑоÑÑÑкиÑ
пÑав ÑÑвоÑена ÑпеÑÑалÑно в
ÑÑлÑÑ
заоÑ
оÑÐµÐ½Ð½Ñ Ð°Ð²ÑоÑÑÑва. РгалÑзÑ,
+Ð´Ð»Ñ ÑÐºÐ¾Ñ Ð²Ð¾Ð½Ð° бÑла ÑозÑоблена, дÑÑкаÑÑÑва,
де копÑÑваÑи бÑло доÑÑлÑно ÑÑлÑки
+на дÑÑкаÑÑÑÐºÐ¾Ð¼Ñ Ð²ÐµÑÑÑаÑÑ, Ñкоди вÑд неÑ
бÑло не багаÑо, Ñ Ð²Ð¾Ð½Ð° не обÑÑжÑвала
+бÑлÑÑÑÑÑÑ Ð¾ÑÑб, ÑÐºÑ ÑиÑали книги.</p>
+
+<p>
+ ÐÑÑ Ð¿Ñава на ÑнÑелекÑÑалÑнÑ
влаÑнÑÑÑÑ Ñе ÑÑлÑки дозволи, данÑ
+ÑÑÑпÑлÑÑÑвом, ÑÐ¾Ð¼Ñ Ð²Ð²Ð°Ð¶Ð°Ð»Ð¾ÑÑ, пÑавилÑно
або помилково, Ñо ÑÑÑпÑлÑÑÑво в
+ÑÑÐ»Ð¾Ð¼Ñ Ð²Ð¸Ð³ÑÐ°Ñ Ð²Ñд ÑÑого. Ðле Ñ ÐºÐ¾Ð¶Ð½Ð¾Ð¼Ñ
конкÑеÑÐ½Ð¾Ð¼Ñ Ð¼Ð¸ Ð¿Ð¾Ð²Ð¸Ð½Ð½Ñ Ð·Ð°Ð¿Ð¸ÑаÑи: Ñи
+ÑпÑÐ°Ð²Ð´Ñ Ð¼Ð¸ вигÑаÑмо, даÑÑи Ñакий дозвÑл?
Якого ÑÐ¾Ð´Ñ Ð´ÑÑ Ð¼Ð¸ дозволÑÑмо?</p>
+
+<p>
+ СиÑÑаÑÑÑ Ð· пÑогÑамами ÑÑÐ¾Ð³Ð¾Ð´Ð½Ñ ÑилÑно
вÑдÑÑзнÑÑÑÑÑÑ Ð²Ñд дÑÑкаÑÑÑва ÑÑо ÑокÑв
+назад. Той ÑакÑ, Ñо пÑогÑÐ°Ð¼Ñ Ð½Ð°Ð¹Ð¿ÑоÑÑÑÑе
копÑÑваÑи вÑд ÑÑÑÑда до ÑÑÑÑда,
+Ñой ÑакÑ, Ñо Ñ Ð¿ÑогÑами Ñ Ð²ÑдмÑÐ½Ð½Ñ Ð¾Ð´Ð¸Ð½ вÑд
одного виÑ
Ñдний ÑекÑÑ Ñ
+виконÑваний об'ÑкÑний код, Ñой ÑакÑ, Ñо
пÑогÑÐ°Ð¼Ñ Ð·Ð°ÑÑоÑовÑÑÑÑ, а не ÑиÑаÑÑÑ
+Ñ Ð½Ð°ÑолоджÑÑÑÑÑÑ Ð½ÐµÑ,— вÑе Ñе,
об'ÑднÑÑÑиÑÑ, ÑÑвоÑÑÑ ÑÑан, Ñ ÑкомÑ
+оÑоба, Ñо Ð²Ð¸Ð¼Ð°Ð³Ð°Ñ Ð´Ð¾ÑÑÐ¸Ð¼Ð°Ð½Ð½Ñ Ð°Ð²ÑоÑÑÑкиÑ
пÑав, ÑкодиÑÑ ÑÑÑпÑлÑÑÑÐ²Ñ Ð² ÑÑÐ»Ð¾Ð¼Ñ Ñ
+маÑеÑÑалÑно, Ñ Ð¼Ð¾ÑалÑно; в ÑкомÑ
оÑобиÑÑÑÑÑÑ Ð½Ðµ
+повинна ÑÑого ÑобиÑи незалежно вÑд Ñого,
Ñи дозволÑÑ Ñе закон.</p>
+
+<p id="competition">
+<strong>“ÐонкÑÑенÑÑÑ Ð²ÐµÐ´Ðµ до
ÑозвиÑкє</strong></p>
+
+<p>
+ ХаÑакÑеÑний пÑиклад конкÑÑенÑÑÑ
бÑг: нагоÑоджÑÑÑи пеÑеможÑÑ, ми
+заоÑ
оÑÑÑмо кожного бÑгаÑи ÑвидÑе. Ðоли
капÑÑалÑзм Ñак Ñ Ð¿ÑаÑÑÑ, вÑн ÑобиÑÑ
+добÑÑ ÑпÑавÑ; але його заÑ
иÑники
помилÑÑÑÑÑÑ, вважаÑÑи, Ñо вÑн завжди Ñак
+пÑаÑÑÑ. ЯкÑо бÑгÑни забÑваÑÑÑ, за Ñо
даÑÑÑÑÑ Ð½Ð°Ð³Ð¾Ñода, Ñ Ð¿ÑагнÑÑÑ Ð´Ð¾
+пеÑемоги бÑдÑ-Ñкими заÑобами, вони можÑÑÑ
знайÑи ÑнÑÑ ÑÑÑаÑегÑÑ
+напÑиклад, напад на ÑнÑиÑ
бÑгÑнÑв. ЯкÑо бÑг
пеÑейде в кÑлаÑний бÑй, вони вÑÑ
+пÑийдÑÑÑ Ð¿Ñзно.</p>
+
+<p>
+ ÐевÑлÑÐ½Ñ Ñ ÑекÑеÑÐ½Ñ Ð¿ÑогÑами моÑалÑно
ÑÑвноÑилÑÐ½Ñ Ð±ÑгÑнам, ÑÐºÑ Ð±'ÑÑÑÑÑ. Як
+не ÑÑмно, Ñдиний Ð½Ð°Ñ ÑÑддÑ, здаÑÑÑÑÑ, не
пÑоÑи бÑйок; вÑн ÑÑлÑки ÑÑÑимÑÑ ÑÑ
+(“Ðа ÐºÐ¾Ð¶Ð½Ñ Ð´ÐµÑÑÑÑ Ð¼ÐµÑÑÑв пÑобÑÐ³Ñ ÑÑлÑки
один Ñдає). ÐаÑпÑавдÑ
+вÑн повинен ÑозбоÑониÑи ÑÑ
Ñ Ð¿Ð¾ÐºÐ°ÑаÑи
бÑгÑнÑв за Ð¾Ð´Ð½Ñ Ð»Ð¸Ñе ÑпÑÐ¾Ð±Ñ Ð·Ð°ÑÑÑÑи
+бÑйкÑ.</p>
+
+<p id="stop-programming">
+<strong>“Ð¥Ñба без гÑоÑового ÑÑимÑÐ»Ñ Ð²ÑÑ Ð½Ðµ
пÑипинÑÑÑ
+пÑогÑамÑваÑи?”</strong></p>
+
+<p>
+ ÐаÑпÑÐ°Ð²Ð´Ñ Ð±Ð°Ð³Ð°Ñо бÑдÑÑÑ Ð¿ÑогÑамÑваÑи
абÑолÑÑно без жодного гÑоÑового
+ÑÑимÑлÑ. ÐÑогÑамÑÐ²Ð°Ð½Ð½Ñ Ð½ÐµÐ¿ÐµÑебоÑно ÑÑгне
деÑкиÑ
лÑдей, зазвиÑай
+ÑиÑ
, ÐºÐ¾Ð¼Ñ Ñе вдаÑÑÑÑÑ Ð½Ð°Ð¹ÐºÑаÑе. ÐемаÑ
неÑÑаÑÑ Ð² пÑоÑеÑÑйниÑ
мÑзиканÑÑв, ÑкÑ
+пÑодовжÑÑÑÑ Ð·Ð°Ð¹Ð¼Ð°ÑиÑÑ Ñим, навÑÑÑ ÐºÐ¾Ð»Ð¸ Ñ
ниÑ
Ð½ÐµÐ¼Ð°Ñ Ð½Ð°Ð´ÑÑ Ð·Ð°ÑобиÑи Ñим на
+жиÑÑÑ.</p>
+
+<p>
+ Ðле в дÑйÑноÑÑÑ, Ñ
оÑа Ñе пиÑÐ°Ð½Ð½Ñ Ñ ÑаÑÑо
задаÑÑÑ, воно не вÑдповÑдаÑ
+Ð¿Ð¾Ð»Ð¾Ð¶ÐµÐ½Ð½Ñ ÑпÑав. ÐлаÑиÑи пÑогÑамÑÑÑам не
пеÑеÑÑанÑÑÑ, пÑоÑÑо плаÑа ÑÑане
+менÑоÑ. Ð¢Ð¾Ð¼Ñ Ð¿ÑавилÑне пиÑÐ°Ð½Ð½Ñ —
“бÑде Ñ
Ñо-небÑдÑ
+пÑогÑамÑваÑи пÑи Ð·Ð½Ð¸Ð¶ÐµÐ½Ð½Ñ Ð³ÑоÑового
ÑÑимÑлÑ?” ÐÑй доÑвÑд каже, Ñо
+бÑдÑÑÑ.</p>
+
+<p>
+ ÐÑлÑÑе нÑж деÑÑÑÑ ÑокÑв багаÑо з
найкÑаÑиÑ
Ñ ÑвÑÑÑ Ð¿ÑогÑамÑÑÑÑв, Ñо
+пÑаÑÑвали в ÐабоÑаÑоÑÑÑ ÑÑÑÑного
ÑнÑелекÑÑ Ð·Ð° набагаÑо менÑÑ Ð³ÑоÑÑ, нÑж вони
+могли б оÑÑимÑваÑи де-небÑÐ´Ñ Ð² ÑнÑомÑ
мÑÑÑÑ. У ниÑ
бÑло багаÑо ÑÑзного ÑодÑ
+негÑоÑовиÑ
винагоÑод: Ñлава Ñ Ð²Ð¸Ð·Ð½Ð°Ð½Ð½Ñ,
напÑиклад. ÐÑÑм Ñого,
+ÑвоÑÑÑÑÑÑ — Ñе Ð·Ð°Ð´Ð¾Ð²Ð¾Ð»ÐµÐ½Ð½Ñ Ñ
нагоÑода Ñама по ÑобÑ.</p>
+
+<p>
+ ÐоÑÑм бÑлÑÑÑÑÑÑ Ð· ниÑ
пÑÑли, коли
ÑÑапилаÑÑ Ð½Ð°Ð³Ð¾Ð´Ñ ÑобиÑи ÑÑ Ð¶ ÑÑÐºÐ°Ð²Ñ ÑобоÑÑ
+Ñ Ð¾ÑÑимÑваÑи багаÑо гÑоÑей.</p>
+
+<p>
+ ФакÑи говоÑÑÑÑ, Ñо лÑди пÑогÑамÑÑÑÑ Ð½Ðµ
заÑади багаÑÑÑва, але ÑкÑо даÑи
+можливÑÑÑÑ Ð·Ð°ÑобиÑи багаÑо гÑоÑей, вони
звикнÑÑÑ Ð¾ÑÑкÑваÑи Ñ Ð²Ð¸Ð¼Ð°Ð³Ð°Ñи
+ÑÑого. ÐизÑкооплаÑÑÐ²Ð°Ð½Ñ Ð¾ÑганÑзаÑÑÑ
пÑогÑаÑÑÑ Ð²Ð¸ÑокооплаÑÑваним, але вони
+могли б бÑÑи на ÑÐ¾Ð¼Ñ Ð¶ ÑÑвнÑ, Ñкби
виÑокооплаÑÑÐ²Ð°Ð½Ñ Ð±Ñли забоÑоненÑ. </p>
+
+<p id="desperate">
+<strong>“Ðи вкÑай поÑÑебÑÑмо пÑогÑамÑÑÑÑв;
ÑкÑо вони вимагаÑÑÑ, Ñоб ми
+пÑипинили допомагаÑи ближнÑÐ¾Ð¼Ñ ÑвоÑмÑ, ми
Ð¿Ð¾Ð²Ð¸Ð½Ð½Ñ ÐºÐ¾ÑиÑиÑÑ”</strong></p>
+
+<p>
+ ÐÑколи не бÑÐ²Ð°Ñ ÑÐ°ÐºÐ¾Ñ ÐºÑайнÑÐ¾Ñ Ð¿Ð¾ÑÑеби,
Ñоб доводилоÑÑ ÐºÐ¾ÑиÑиÑÑ Ð¿Ð¾Ð´Ñбного
+ÑÐ¾Ð´Ñ Ð²Ð¸Ð¼Ð¾Ð³Ð°Ð¼. Ðам'ÑÑайÑе: “ÐÑаÑе
мÑлÑйони виÑÑаÑиÑи на обоÑонÑ, нÑж
+виплаÑиÑи Ñ
Ð¾Ñ Ð¾Ð´Ð¸Ð½ ÑÐµÐ½Ñ ÐºÐ¾Ð½ÑÑибÑÑÑÑ!</p>
+
+<p id="living">
+<strong>“ÐÐ¾Ð²Ð¸Ð½Ð½Ñ Ð¶ пÑогÑамÑÑÑи ÑимоÑÑ
жиÑи!”</strong></p>
+
+<p>
+ Ðа пеÑÑий поглÑд, Ñе пÑавилÑно. Ðднак, Ñ
безлÑÑ ÑпоÑобÑв, Ñкими пÑогÑамÑÑÑи
+могли б заÑобиÑи на жиÑÑÑ Ð±ÐµÐ· пÑодажÑ
пÑава коÑиÑÑÑваÑиÑÑ Ð¿ÑогÑамоÑ. ÐаÑаз
+Ñей ÑпоÑÑб звиÑайний, ÑÐ¾Ð¼Ñ Ñо вÑн
пÑиноÑиÑÑ Ð¿ÑогÑамÑÑÑам Ñ Ð¿ÑдпÑиÑмÑÑм
+бÑлÑÑе вÑÑого гÑоÑей, а не ÑомÑ, Ñо
Ñе Ñдиний ÑпоÑÑб заÑобиÑи на
+жиÑÑÑ. ЯкÑо ви заÑ
оÑеÑе, Ñо легко знайдеÑе
ÑнÑÑ ÑлÑÑ
и. ÐÑÑ ÐºÑлÑка пÑикладÑв.</p>
+
+<p>
+ ÐиÑобник, Ñо випÑÑÐºÐ°Ñ Ð½Ð¾Ð²Ð¸Ð¹ комп'ÑÑеÑ,
заплаÑиÑÑ Ð·Ð° пеÑенеÑÐµÐ½Ð½Ñ Ð¾Ð¿ÐµÑаÑÑйноÑ
+ÑиÑÑеми на Ð½Ð¾Ð²Ñ Ð°Ð¿Ð°ÑаÑÑÑÑ.</p>
+
+<p>
+ ÐÑдпÑиÑмÑÑво, Ñке Ð½Ð°Ð´Ð°Ñ Ð¿Ð¾ÑлÑги з
навÑаннÑ, допомоги Ñ Ð¿ÑдÑÑимки, могло б
+Ñакож найнÑÑи пÑогÑамÑÑÑÑв.</p>
+
+<p>
+ ÐÑди з новими ÑдеÑми могли б поÑÑавлÑÑи
безкоÑÑÐ¾Ð²Ð½Ñ Ð¿ÑогÑами<a
+href="#f7">(9)</a>, пÑиймаÑÑи даÑи вÑд задоволениÑ
коÑиÑÑÑваÑÑв або пÑодаÑÑи
+поÑлÑги Ñз допомоги. Я зÑÑÑÑÑÑав лÑдей, ÑкÑ
вже ÑÑпÑÑно пÑаÑÑÑÑÑ Ñак.</p>
+
+<p>
+ ÐоÑиÑÑÑваÑÑ Ð· подÑбними поÑÑебами
можÑÑÑ ÑÑвоÑÑваÑи ÑпÑлки коÑиÑÑÑваÑÑв Ñ
+плаÑиÑи внеÑки. СпÑлкаÑкладала би з
пÑогÑамÑÑÑÑÑкими компанÑÑми договÑÑна
+випÑÑк пÑогÑам, ÑÐºÑ Ñлени ÑпÑлки Ñ
оÑÑли б
оÑÑимаÑи.</p>
+
+<p>
+ ÐÑÑ Ð²Ð¸Ð´Ð¸ ÑозÑобок можна ÑÑнанÑÑваÑи
пÑогÑамними подаÑками:</p>
+
+<p>
+ ÐÑипÑÑÑимо, кожен, Ñ
Ñо кÑпÑÑ ÐºÐ¾Ð¼Ð¿'ÑÑеÑ,
повинен плаÑиÑи N вÑдÑоÑкÑв ваÑÑоÑÑÑ
+Ñк пÑогÑамний подаÑок. УÑÑд пеÑÐµÐ´Ð°Ñ Ð¹Ð¾Ð³Ð¾
агенÑÑÑÐ²Ñ Ð½Ð° кÑÑÐ°Ð»Ñ ÐаÑÑоналÑного
+наÑкового ÑÐ¾Ð½Ð´Ñ Ð´Ð»Ñ Ð²ÐºÐ»Ð°Ð´Ñ Ð² ÑозвиÑок
пÑогÑам.</p>
+
+<p>
+ Ðле ÑкÑо покÑпеÑÑ Ñам вноÑиÑÑ Ð¿Ð¾Ð¶ÐµÑÑвÑ
на ÑозвиÑок пÑогÑам, вÑн може
+заÑаÑ
ÑваÑи Ñе в ÑаÑ
Ñнок подаÑкÑ. ÐÑн може
пÑдÑÑимаÑи бÑдÑ-Ñкий пÑÐ¾ÐµÐºÑ Ð·Ð°
+ÑвоÑм вибоÑом ÑаÑÑо обиÑаÑÑи Ñой,
ÑезÑлÑÑаÑи Ñкого вÑн
+ÑподÑваÑÑÑÑÑ Ð²Ð¸ÐºÐ¾ÑиÑÑовÑваÑи по
завеÑÑеннÑ. ÐÑн може заÑаÑ
ÑваÑи бÑдÑ-ÑкÑ
+ÑÑÐ¼Ñ Ð¿Ð¾Ð¶ÐµÑÑвÑванÑ, аж до виплаÑи подаÑкÑ
повнÑÑÑÑ.</p>
+
+<p>
+ РозмÑÑ Ð¿Ð¾Ð´Ð°ÑÐºÑ Ð¼Ñг би визнаÑаÑиÑÑ
голоÑÑваннÑм плаÑникÑв подаÑкÑв, виваженим
+вÑдповÑдно до оподаÑковÑÐ²Ð°Ð½Ð¾Ñ ÑÑми.</p>
+
+<p>
+ ÐаÑлÑдки:</p>
+
+<ul>
+<li>ТоваÑиÑÑво коÑиÑÑÑваÑÑв комп'ÑÑеÑÑв
пÑдÑÑимÑÑ ÑозÑÐ¾Ð±ÐºÑ Ð¿ÑогÑам.</li>
+<li>Це ÑÑÑпÑлÑÑÑво визнаÑÐ°Ñ Ð½ÐµÐ¾Ð±Ñ
Ñдний
ÑÑÐ²ÐµÐ½Ñ Ð¿ÑдÑÑимки.</li>
+<li>ÐоÑиÑÑÑваÑÑ, Ñким небайдÑже, на ÑкÑ
пÑоекÑи виÑÑаÑÑÑÑ ÑÑ
ÑаÑÑкÑ, можÑÑÑ
+вибÑаÑи ÑамÑ.</li>
+</ul>
+<p>
+ У довгоÑÑÑоковÑй пеÑÑпекÑÐ¸Ð²Ñ Ð·Ð²ÑлÑненнÑ
пÑогÑам кÑок до ÑвÑÑÑ
+без бÑдноÑÑÑ, де нÑÐºÐ¾Ð¼Ñ Ð½Ðµ доведеÑÑÑÑ
вибиваÑиÑÑ Ð· Ñил ÑÑлÑки Ð´Ð»Ñ Ñого, Ñоб
+заÑобиÑи на жиÑÑÑ. ÐÑди бÑдÑÑÑ Ð²ÑлÑнÑ
пÑиÑвÑÑиÑи Ñебе Ñаким ÑлÑбленим
+занÑÑÑÑм, Ñк пÑогÑамÑваннÑ, пÑидÑливÑи
деÑÑÑок обов'ÑзковиÑ
годин на ÑижденÑ
+Ñаким необÑ
Ñдним завданнÑм, Ñк
законодавÑÑво, планÑÐ²Ð°Ð½Ð½Ñ ÑÑм'Ñ, лагодженнÑ
+ÑобоÑÑв Ñ Ð¿ÑоÑиаÑÑеÑоÑдна безпека. Там не
поÑÑÑбна бÑде можливÑÑÑÑ Ð·Ð°ÑоблÑÑи
+на жиÑÑÑ Ð¿ÑогÑамÑваннÑм.</p>
+
+<p>
+ Ðи вже ÑилÑно збÑлÑÑили пÑодÑкÑивнÑÑÑÑ
пÑаÑÑ Ð² ÑÑÑпÑлÑÑÑÐ²Ñ Ð² ÑÑломÑ, але
+ÑÑлÑки мала ÑаÑÑина оÑÑиманиÑ
ÑеÑÑÑÑÑв
пÑÑла на дозвÑÐ»Ð»Ñ ÑобÑÑникÑв, ÑÐ¾Ð¼Ñ Ñо
+пÑодÑкÑÐ¸Ð²Ð½Ñ Ð´ÑÑлÑнÑÑÑÑ Ð´Ð¾Ð²Ð¾Ð´Ð¸ÑÑÑÑ
ÑÑпÑоводжÑваÑи Ð²ÐµÐ»Ð¸ÐºÐ¾Ñ ÐºÑлÑкÑÑÑÑ
+дÑÑлÑноÑÑÑ Ð½ÐµÐ¿ÑодÑкÑивноÑ. ÐоловнÑ
пÑиÑини ÑÑого бÑÑокÑаÑÑÑ Ñ
+повÑÑдна конкÑÑенÑна боÑоÑÑба. ÐÑлÑнÑ
пÑогÑами ÑÑÑоÑно знизÑÑÑ ÑÑ Ð²ÑÑаÑи в
+галÑÐ·Ñ Ð²Ð¸ÑобниÑÑва пÑогÑам. Ðи Ð¿Ð¾Ð²Ð¸Ð½Ð½Ñ Ñе
зÑобиÑи, Ñоб помножена ÑеÑ
нÑкоÑ
+пÑодÑкÑивнÑÑÑÑ Ð·Ð²ÐµÑÑалаÑÑ Ð² ÑкоÑоÑеннÑ
наÑÐ¾Ñ ÑобоÑи.</p>
+
+
+<h3 id="footnotes">ÐиноÑки</h3>
+
+<!-- The anchors do not match the actual footnote numbers because of
+ revisions over time. And if a new footnote is added, the references
+ to existing footnotes that follow the new one must be changed. -->
+<ol>
+<li id="f1">ФоÑмÑлÑÐ²Ð°Ð½Ð½Ñ ÑÑÑ Ð±Ñла недбалим.
ÐалоÑÑ Ð½Ð° ÑвазÑ, Ñо нÑÑ
Ñо не повинен бÑде
+плаÑиÑи за <em>дозвÑл</em> заÑÑоÑовÑваÑи
ÑиÑÑÐµÐ¼Ñ GNU. Ðле Ð·Ñ ÑлÑв Ñе не
+зÑозÑмÑло, Ñ Ð»Ñди ÑаÑÑо ÑозÑмÑÑÑÑ Ñе Ñк
ÑвеÑдженнÑ, Ñо копÑÑ GNU завжди
+Ð¿Ð¾Ð²Ð¸Ð½Ð½Ñ Ð¿Ð¾ÑиÑÑваÑиÑÑ Ð·Ð° Ð½ÐµÐ²ÐµÐ»Ð¸ÐºÑ Ð¿Ð»Ð°ÑÑ
або безкоÑÑовно. Це нÑколи не малоÑÑ
+на ÑвазÑ; Ð´Ð°Ð»Ñ Ð¼Ð°Ð½ÑÑеÑÑ Ð·Ð³Ð°Ð´ÑÑ Ð¼Ð¾Ð¶Ð»Ð¸Ð²ÑÑÑÑ
Ð½Ð°Ð´Ð°Ð½Ð½Ñ ÐºÐ¾Ð¼Ð¿Ð°Ð½ÑÑми поÑлÑг з
+пеÑеÑÐ¸Ð»Ð°Ð½Ð½Ñ Ð·Ð° винагоÑодÑ. Ðгодом Ñ
навÑивÑÑ ÑеÑелÑно ÑозÑÑзнÑÑи
+“вÑлÑний” Ñ ÑенÑÑ Ñвободи Ñ
“вÑлÑний” в ÑенÑÑ
+ваÑÑоÑÑÑ. ÐÑлÑна пÑогÑама — Ñе
пÑогÑама, ÑÐºÑ ÐºÐ¾ÑиÑÑÑваÑÑ Ð¼Ð¾Ð¶ÑÑÑ
+поÑиÑÑваÑи Ñ Ð·Ð¼ÑнÑваÑи. Ðожливо, однÑ
коÑиÑÑÑваÑÑ Ð¾ÑÑимÑÑÑÑ ÐºÐ¾Ð¿ÑÑ
+безкоÑÑовно, а ÑнÑÑ Ð·Ð° плаÑÑ,— Ñ
ÑкÑо ÑÑ Ð·Ð±Ð¾Ñи допоможÑÑÑ
+полÑпÑиÑи пÑогÑÐ°Ð¼Ñ Ñим кÑаÑе.
Ðажливо Ñе, Ñо Ñ ÐºÐ¾Ð¶Ð½Ð¾Ð³Ð¾, Ñ ÐºÐ¾Ð³Ð¾ Ñ
+копÑÑ, Ñ Ñвобода ÑпÑвпÑаÑÑваÑи з ÑнÑими в
ÑÑ Ð·Ð°ÑÑоÑÑваннÑ.</li>
+
+<li id="f2a">ÐиÑлÑв “ÑоздаваÑи” Ñе
одна ознака Ñого, Ñо Ñ ÑÐ¾Ð´Ñ Ñе
+не ÑозÑÑзнÑв ÑÑно пиÑÐ°Ð½Ð½Ñ Ñвободи Ñ ÑÑни.
ÐаÑаз ми ÑекомендÑÑмо ÑникаÑи
+ÑÑого Ñлова, коли мова йде пÑо вÑлÑнÑ
пÑогÑами. ÐекладнÑÑе див. на ÑÑоÑÑнÑÑ
+“<a href="/philosophy/words to avoid.html#GiveAwaySoftware">Слова Ñ
+ÑÑази, Ñо вводÑÑÑ Ð² оманÑ</a>”.</li>
+
+<li id="f2">У ÑÑÐ¾Ð¼Ñ Ð¼ÑÑÑÑ Ñ Ñеж не змÑг акÑÑаÑно
ÑозмежÑваÑи два ÑÑÐ·Ð½Ñ Ð·Ð½Ð°ÑÐµÐ½Ð½Ñ Ñлова
+“вÑлÑний”. Саме по ÑÐ¾Ð±Ñ ÑвеÑÐ´Ð¶ÐµÐ½Ð½Ñ Ð½Ðµ
помилкови: ви можеÑе
+оÑÑимаÑи копÑÑ Ð¿ÑогÑам GNU
безкоÑÑовно — вÑд знайомиÑ
або по
+меÑежÑ. Ðле воно пеÑедбаÑÐ°Ñ Ð¿Ð¾Ð¼Ð¸Ð»ÐºÐ¾Ð²Ñ
дÑмкÑ.</li>
+
+<li id="f3">ÐÑлÑка ÑакиÑ
компанÑй вже ÑÑнÑÑ.</li>
+
+<li id="f4">Фонд вÑлÑного пÑогÑамного
забезпеÑÐµÐ½Ð½Ñ Ð¿ÑоÑÑгом деÑÑÑи ÑокÑв збиÑав
оÑновнÑ
+ÑаÑÑÐ¸Ð½Ñ ÑвоÑÑ
коÑÑÑв поÑлÑгами по
поÑÑаÑаннÑ, Ñ
оÑа Ñе Ñ Ð½ÐµÐºÐ¾Ð¼ÐµÑÑÑйна
+оÑганÑзаÑÑÑ. Ðи можеÑе <a
href="/order/order.html">зÑобиÑи Ð·Ð°Ð¼Ð¾Ð²Ð»ÐµÐ½Ð½Ñ Ð²
+ÑондÑ</a> Ð´Ð»Ñ Ð¿ÑдÑÑимки наÑÐ¾Ñ ÑобоÑи.
+</li>
+
+<li id="f5">ÐÑÑпа комп'ÑÑеÑниÑ
компанÑй
пÑиблизно в 1991 ÑоÑÑ Ð·ÑбÑала Ñонди на
пÑдÑÑимкÑ
+компÑлÑÑоÑа GNU C.</li>
+
+<li id="f8">Я дÑмаÑ, Ñо помилÑвÑÑ, кажÑÑи, Ñо
невÑлÑÐ½Ñ Ð¿ÑогÑами
+найпоÑиÑенÑÑа ÑÑ
ема заÑоблÑÐ½Ð½Ñ Ð³ÑоÑей на
пÑогÑамаÑ
. ÐабÑÑÑ, наÑпÑавдÑ
+найзвиÑайнÑÑа Ð¼Ð¾Ð´ÐµÐ»Ñ Ð¿ÑдпÑиÑмÑÑва
ÑозÑобка пÑогÑам на
+замовленнÑ. Ðона не Ð´Ð°Ñ Ð¼Ð¾Ð¶Ð»Ð¸Ð²Ð¾ÑÑÑ Ð·Ð±Ð¸ÑаÑи
оÑÐµÐ½Ð´Ð½Ñ Ð¿Ð»Ð°ÑÑ, ÑÐ¾Ð¼Ñ Ð¿ÑдпÑиÑмÑÑво
+пÑодовжÑÑ Ð²Ð¸ÐºÐ¾Ð½ÑваÑи ÑеалÑÐ½Ñ ÑобоÑÑ, Ñоб
пÑодовжÑваÑи оÑÑимÑваÑи
+доÑ
Ñд. ÐÑакÑика замовниÑ
пÑогÑам
пÑодовжÑвала б ÑÑнÑваÑи в бÑлÑÑ Ð°Ð±Ð¾ менÑ
+незмÑÐ½Ð½Ð¾Ð¼Ñ Ð²Ð¸Ð³Ð»ÑÐ´Ñ Ñ ÑвÑÑÑ Ð²ÑлÑниÑ
пÑогÑам. ÐÑже, Ñ Ð±ÑлÑÑе не оÑÑкÑÑ, Ñо
+бÑлÑÑÑÑÑÑ Ð¿ÑоÑеÑÑйниÑ
пÑогÑамÑÑÑÑв бÑде
менÑе заÑоблÑÑи в ÑвÑÑÑ Ð²ÑлÑниÑ
+пÑогÑам.</li>
+
+<li id="f6">У вÑÑÑмдеÑÑÑÑ Ñоки XX ÑÑолÑÑÑÑ Ñ Ñе
не ÑÑвÑдомлÑвав, Ñк заплÑÑÑÑÑÑ Ñозмови
+пÑо “пиÑаннє “ÑнÑелекÑÑалÑноÑ
влаÑноÑÑÑ”. Цей
+ÑеÑмÑн Ñвно необ'ÑкÑивний; Ð¼ÐµÐ½Ñ Ð¾Ñевидний
ÑакÑ, Ñо вÑн звалÑÑ Ð² Ð¾Ð´Ð½Ñ ÐºÑпÑ
+ÑÑÐ·Ð½Ñ Ð½Ðµ пов'ÑÐ·Ð°Ð½Ñ Ð¾Ð´Ð¸Ð½ з одним закони, ÑкÑ
оÑ
оплÑÑÑÑ Ð´Ñже ÑÑзнÑ
+пиÑаннÑ. ÐаÑÐ°Ð·Ñ Ñ Ð·Ð°ÐºÐ»Ð¸ÐºÐ°Ñ Ð»Ñдей
вÑдмовиÑиÑÑ Ð²Ñд ÑеÑмÑна
+“ÑнÑелекÑÑалÑна влаÑнÑÑÑÑ”
повнÑÑÑÑ, Ñоб вÑн не пÑиводив ÑнÑиÑ
+до дÑмки, Ñо ÑÑ Ð·Ð°ÐºÐ¾Ð½Ð¸ ÑоÑмÑÑÑÑ Ð¾Ð´Ð¸Ð½
монолÑÑÐ½Ñ Ð³Ð°Ð»ÑзÑ. Щоб ÑÑвеÑжÑваÑи
+зÑозÑмÑло, поÑÑÑбно обговоÑÑваÑи паÑенÑи,
авÑоÑÑÑÐºÑ Ð¿Ñава Ñ ÑоваÑÐ½Ñ Ð·Ð½Ð°ÐºÐ¸
+окÑемо. Ðив. <a href="/philosophy/not-ipr.html">подалÑÑе
поÑÑненнÑ</a> Ñого,
+ÑÐ¾Ð¼Ñ Ñей ÑеÑмÑн вноÑиÑÑ Ð¿Ð»ÑÑÐ°Ð½Ð¸Ð½Ñ Ñ
необ'ÑкÑивнÑÑÑÑ.</li>
+
+<li id="f7">Ðгодом ми навÑилиÑÑ ÑозÑÑзнÑÑи
“вÑлÑнє Ñ
+“безкоÑÑовнє пÑогÑами. ТеÑмÑн
“безкоÑÑовна
+пÑогÑама” ознаÑаÑ, Ñо ви можеÑе
поÑиÑÑваÑи, але зазвиÑай не можемо
+вивÑаÑи Ñ Ð¿ÑавиÑи виÑ
ÑÐ´Ð½Ñ ÐºÐ¾Ð´Ð¸, бо вони
здебÑлÑÑого не вÑлÑнÑ. ÐокладнÑÑе
+див. на ÑÑоÑÑнÑÑ “<a
+href="/philosophy/words-to-avoid.html#Freeware">Слова Ñ ÑÑази, Ñо
вводÑÑÑ Ð²
+оманÑ</a>”.</li>
+
+</ol>
+
+<div class="translators-notes">
+
+<!--TRANSLATORS: Use space (SPC) as msgstr if you don't have notes.-->
+ </div>
+</div>
+
+<!-- for id="content", starts in the include above -->
+<!--#include virtual="/server/footer.uk.html" -->
+<div id="footer">
+<div class="unprintable">
+
+<p>ÐÑÐ´Ñ Ð»Ð°Ñка, надÑилайÑе загалÑÐ½Ñ Ð·Ð°Ð¿Ð¸Ñи
ÑÐ¾Ð½Ð´Ñ Ñа GNU за адÑеÑÐ¾Ñ <a
+href="mailto:address@hidden";><address@hidden></a>. ÐаÑвнÑ
Ñакож <a
+href="/contact/">ÑнÑÑ ÑпоÑоби зв'ÑзкÑ</a> з Ñондом.
ÐвÑÑи пÑо непÑаÑÑÑÑÑ
+поÑÐ¸Ð»Ð°Ð½Ð½Ñ Ñ ÑнÑÑ Ð²Ð¸Ð¿ÑÐ°Ð²Ð»ÐµÐ½Ð½Ñ Ñи
пÑопозиÑÑÑ Ð¼Ð¾Ð¶Ð½Ð° надÑилаÑи за адÑеÑÐ¾Ñ <a
+href="mailto:address@hidden";><address@hidden></a>.</p>
+
+<p>
+<!-- TRANSLATORS: Ignore the original text in this paragraph,
+ replace it with the translation of these two:
+
+ We work hard and do our best to provide accurate, good quality
+ translations. However, we are not exempt from imperfection.
+ Please send your comments and general suggestions in this regard
+ to <a href="mailto:address@hidden";>
+
+ <address@hidden></a>.</p>
+
+ <p>For information on coordinating and submitting translations of
+ our web pages, see <a
+ href="/server/standards/README.translations.html">Translations
+ README</a>. -->
+Ðи намагалиÑÑ Ð·ÑобиÑи Ñей пеÑеклад ÑоÑним
Ñа ÑкÑÑним, але виклÑÑиÑи
+можливÑÑÑÑ Ð¿Ð¾Ð¼Ð¸Ð»ÐºÐ¸ ми не можемо.
ÐадÑилайÑе, бÑÐ´Ñ Ð»Ð°Ñка, ÑÐ²Ð¾Ñ Ð·Ð°ÑÐ²Ð°Ð¶ÐµÐ½Ð½Ñ Ñ
+пÑопозиÑÑÑ Ñодо пеÑÐµÐºÐ»Ð°Ð´Ñ Ð·Ð° адÑеÑÐ¾Ñ <a
+href="mailto:address@hidden";><address@hidden></a>.
+</p><p>ÐÑдомоÑÑÑ Ð· кооÑдинаÑÑÑ Ñа пÑопозиÑÑй
пеÑекладÑв наÑиÑ
ÑÑаÑей див. Ñ
+<a href="/server/standards/README.translations.html">“ÐоÑÑбникÑ
з
+пеÑекладє</a>.</p>
+</div>
+
+<!-- Regarding copyright, in general, standalone pages (as opposed to
+ files generated as part of manuals) on the GNU web server should
+ be under CC BY-ND 4.0. Please do NOT change or remove this
+ without talking with the webmasters or licensing team first.
+ Please make sure the copyright date is consistent with the
+ document. For web pages, it is ok to list just the latest year the
+ document was modified, or published.
+
+ If you wish to list earlier years, that is ok too.
+ Either "2001, 2002, 2003" or "2001-2003" are ok for specifying
+ years, as long as each year in the range is in fact a copyrightable
+ year, i.e., a year in which the document was published (including
+ being publicly visible on the web or in a revision control system).
+
+ There is more detail about copyright years in the GNU Maintainers
+ Information document, www.gnu.org/prep/maintain. -->
+<p>Copyright © 1985, 1993, 2003, 2005, 2007, 2008, 2009, 2010, 2014, 2015
+Фонд вÑлÑного пÑогÑамного забезпеÑеннÑ,
Inc.</p>
+
+<p>
+Permission is granted to anyone to make or distribute verbatim copies of
+this document, in any medium, provided that the copyright notice and
+permission notice are preserved, and that the distributor grants the
+recipient permission for further redistribution as permitted by this
+notice. <br />
+(ÐÑÑм дозволено ÑобиÑи Ñ Ð¿Ð¾ÑиÑÑваÑи
доÑлÑÐ²Ð½Ñ ÐºÐ¾Ð¿ÑÑ ÑÑого докÑменÑа на
+бÑдÑ-ÑÐºÐ¾Ð¼Ñ Ð½Ð¾ÑÑÑ Ð·Ð° Ñмови, Ñо заÑваженнÑ
пÑо авÑоÑÑÑÐºÑ Ð¿Ñава Ñ Ñей дозвÑл
+збеÑÑгаÑÑÑÑÑ Ñ Ñо ÑозповÑÑджÑÐ²Ð°Ñ Ð´Ð°Ñ
одеÑжÑваÑÑ Ð´Ð¾Ð·Ð²Ñл на подалÑÑе
+поÑиÑеннÑ, Ñк Ñе дозволено Ñим
заÑваженнÑм).
+<br />
+Modified versions may not be made. <br />
+(ÐмÑÐ½ÐµÐ½Ñ Ð²ÐµÑÑÑÑ ÑобиÑи не можна).
+</p>
+
+<!--#include virtual="/server/bottom-notes.uk.html" -->
+<div class="translators-credits">
+
+<!--TRANSLATORS: Use space (SPC) as msgstr if you don't want credits.-->
+ÐÑдÑÑимка ÑкÑаÑнÑÑкого пеÑекладÑ: ÐндÑÑй
ÐандÑÑа
+(address@hidden)</div>
+
+<p class="unprintable"><!-- timestamp start -->
+Ðновлено:
+
+$Date: 2015/12/26 08:58:40 $
+
+<!-- timestamp end -->
+</p>
+</div>
+</div>
+</body>
+</html>
Index: gnu/why-gnu-linux.uk.html
===================================================================
RCS file: gnu/why-gnu-linux.uk.html
diff -N gnu/why-gnu-linux.uk.html
--- /dev/null 1 Jan 1970 00:00:00 -0000
+++ gnu/why-gnu-linux.uk.html 26 Dec 2015 08:58:40 -0000 1.1
@@ -0,0 +1,278 @@
+<!--#set var="ENGLISH_PAGE" value="/gnu/why-gnu-linux.en.html" -->
+
+<!--#include virtual="/server/header.uk.html" -->
+<!-- Parent-Version: 1.77 -->
+
+<!-- This file is automatically generated by GNUnited Nations! -->
+<title>Ð§Ð¾Ð¼Ñ GNU/Linux? - ÐÑÐ¾ÐµÐºÑ GNU - Фонд вÑлÑного
пÑогÑамного забезпеÑеннÑ</title>
+
+<!--#include virtual="/gnu/po/why-gnu-linux.translist" -->
+<!--#include virtual="/server/banner.uk.html" -->
+<h2>Що Ñ Ð½Ð°Ð·Ð²Ñ?</h2>
+
+<p><strong><a href="http://www.stallman.org/";>Ð ÑÑаÑд
СÑолмен</a></strong></p>
+
+<div class="announcement">
+ <blockquote><p>Щоби дÑзнаÑиÑÑ Ð±ÑлÑÑе пÑо ÑÑ
пÑоблемÑ, ви можеÑе пÑоÑиÑаÑи наÑÑ <a
+href="/gnu/gnu-linux-faq.html">“ÐиÑÐ°Ð½Ð½Ñ Ð¿Ñо
GNU/Linux”</a>,
+ÑÑоÑÑÐ½ÐºÑ <a href="/gnu/linux-and-gnu.html">“Linux Ñ Ð¿ÑоекÑ
+GNU”</a>, на ÑкÑй наведена ÑÑÑоÑÑÑ ÑиÑÑеми
GNU/Linux ÑÑоÑовно ÑÑÑÑ
+пÑоблеми найменÑваннÑ, а Ñакож <a
+href="/gnu/gnu-users-never-heard-of-gnu.html">“ÐоÑиÑÑÑваÑÑ
GNU, ÑкÑ
+николи не ÑÑли пÑо GNU”</a>.
+
+</p></blockquote>
+</div>
+
+<p>
+Ðазви пеÑедаÑÑÑ Ð·Ð½Ð°ÑеннÑ; Ð½Ð°Ñ Ð²Ð¸Ð±ÑÑ Ð½Ð°Ð·Ð²
визнаÑÐ°Ñ Ð·Ð½Ð°ÑÐµÐ½Ð½Ñ Ñого, Ñо ми
+говоÑимо. ÐевÑдповÑдна назва Ð´Ð°Ñ Ð»ÑдÑм
непÑавилÑне ÑÑвленнÑ. Як ÑÑоÑÐ½Ð´Ñ Ð½Ðµ
+називаÑи в нÑй аÑÐ¾Ð¼Ð°Ñ Ð·Ð°Ð»Ð¸ÑиÑÑÑÑ
Ñой Ñамий; але ÑкÑо ви ÑÑанеÑе
+називаÑи ÑÑ ÑÑÑкоÑ, лÑди бÑдÑÑÑ
ÑозÑаÑованÑ, коли ÑпÑобÑÑÑÑ Ð½ÐµÑ Ð¿Ð¸ÑаÑи. Ð
+ÑкÑо ви ÑÑанеÑе називаÑи ÑÑÑки ÑÑоÑндами,
лÑди можÑÑÑ Ð½Ðµ зÑозÑмÑÑи, Ð´Ð»Ñ Ñого
+вони пÑидаÑнÑ. ЯкÑо ви називаÑÑе наÑÑ
опеÑаÑÑÐ¹Ð½Ñ ÑиÑÑемÑ
+“Linux”, Ñе пеÑÐµÐ´Ð°Ñ Ð½ÐµÐ¿ÑавилÑне
ÑÑÐ²Ð»ÐµÐ½Ð½Ñ Ð¿Ñо ÑÑ Ð²Ð¸Ñоки, ÑÑÑоÑÑÑ
+Ñа пÑизнаÑеннÑ. ЯкÑо ви називаÑÑе ÑÑ <a
+href="/gnu/linux-and-gnu.html">“GNU/Linux”</a>, Ñе
пеÑÐµÐ´Ð°Ñ (Ñ
оÑа
+Ñ Ð½Ðµ Ñ Ð²ÑÑÑ
подÑобиÑÑÑ
) ÑоÑне ÑÑвленнÑ.</p>
+<p>
+Чи Ñе Ñак важливо Ð´Ð»Ñ Ð½Ð°ÑÐ¾Ñ ÑпÑлÑноÑи? Ð¥Ñба
важливо, Ñи знаÑÑÑ Ð»Ñди пÑо
+виÑоки ÑиÑÑеми, ÑÑ ÑÑÑоÑÑÑ Ñ Ð¿ÑизнаÑеннÑ?
Так ÑÐ¾Ð¼Ñ Ñо лÑди, ÑкÑ
+забÑваÑÑÑ ÑÑÑоÑÑÑ, неÑÑдко пÑиÑеÑÐµÐ½Ñ Ð½Ð° ÑÑ
повÑоÑеннÑ. ÐÐµÐ¼Ð°Ñ Ð³Ð°ÑанÑÑй, Ñо
+ÐÑлÑний ÑвÑÑ, побÑдований навколо <a
+href="/gnu/linux-and-gnu.html">GNU/Linux</a>, виживе; ми Ñе не
повнÑÑÑÑ
+позбÑлиÑÑ Ð¿Ñоблем, ÑÐºÑ Ð¿Ñивели Ð½Ð°Ñ Ð´Ð¾
ÑозÑобки GNU, Ñ Ð²Ð¾Ð½Ð¸ загÑожÑÑÑÑ
+вÑдновиÑиÑÑ.</p>
+
+<p>
+Ðоли Ñ Ð¿Ð¾ÑÑнÑÑ, ÑÐ¾Ð¼Ñ Ð¿ÑавилÑно називаÑи
ÑиÑÑÐµÐ¼Ñ “GNU/Linux”, а
+не “Linux”, Ð¼ÐµÐ½Ñ ÑÐ½Ð¾Ð´Ñ Ð²ÑдповÑдаÑÑÑ
Ñак:</p>
+
+<blockquote><p>
+<em> ÐавÑÑÑ ÑкÑо пÑÐ¾ÐµÐºÑ GNU заÑлÑговÑÑ Ð¿Ð¾Ð´Ñки
за ÑÑ ÑобоÑÑ, Ñ
Ñба ваÑÑо
+ÑпеÑеÑаÑиÑÑ, коли лÑди не вÑддаÑÑÑ
належного? Ð¥Ñба важливо не Ñе, Ñо ÑобоÑа
+виконана, а Ñой, Ñ
Ñо ÑÑ Ð·Ñобив? Ðи повиннÑ
вÑдпоÑиваÑи, пиÑаÑиÑÑ Ð´Ð¾Ð±Ñе
+Ð²Ð¸ÐºÐ¾Ð½Ð°Ð½Ð¾Ñ ÑобоÑÐ¾Ñ Ñ Ð½Ðµ ÑÑÑбÑваÑиÑÑ Ð¿Ñо
подÑки. </em>
+</p></blockquote>
+<p>
+Ð¦Ñ Ð¿Ð¾Ñада бÑла б мÑдÑоÑ, Ñкби ÑиÑÑаÑÑÑ Ð±Ñла
дÑйÑно Ñака — ÑкÑо б
+ÑобоÑа бÑла вже виконана Ñ Ð¿ÑийÑов ÑаÑ
вÑдпоÑиваÑи. Якби лиÑе Ñак бÑло! Ðле
+ÑÑÑдноÑÑв бÑлÑÑе нÑж доÑÑаÑнÑо, Ñ Ð½Ðµ ÑаÑ
пÑиймаÑи майбÑÑнÑ, Ñк Ñамо ÑобоÑ
+зÑозÑмÑле. Сила наÑÐ¾Ñ ÑпÑлÑноÑи базÑÑÑÑÑÑ
на пÑиÑ
илÑноÑÑÑ Ð´Ð¾ Ñвободи Ñ
+ÑпÑвпÑаÑÑ. ÐÐ¶Ð¸Ð²Ð°Ð½Ð½Ñ Ð½Ð°Ð·Ð²Ð¸ <a
+href="/gnu/linux-and-gnu.html">“GNU/Linux”</a> — Ñе
+один Ñз ÑпоÑобÑв нагадаÑи ÑÐ¾Ð±Ñ Ñ
ÑозповÑÑÑи ÑнÑим пÑо ÑÑ ÑÑлÑ.</p>
+
+<p>
+Ðожна напиÑаÑи Ñ
оÑоÑÑ Ð²ÑлÑÐ½Ñ Ð¿ÑогÑамÑ, не
дÑмаÑÑи пÑо GNU; багаÑо Ñ
оÑоÑоÑ
+ÑобоÑи зÑоблено Ñ Ð²Ñд ÑÐ¼ÐµÐ½Ñ Linux. Ðле ÑеÑмÑн
“Linux” з моменÑÑ
+поÑви завжди аÑоÑÑÑвавÑÑ Ð· ÑÑлоÑоÑÑÑÑ, Ñка
не ÑÑжÑÑ Ð´Ð¾ Ñвободи
+ÑпÑвпÑаÑÑ. ÐÑкÑлÑки ÑÑ Ð½Ð°Ð·Ð²Ð° вÑе бÑлÑÑе
вживаÑÑÑÑÑ Ð² комеÑÑÑÑ, Ñ Ð¼Ð°Ð¹Ð±ÑÑнÑомÑ
+нам бÑде Ñе важÑе поÑднÑваÑи його з дÑÑ
ом
ÑдноÑÑÑ.</p>
+
+<p>
+ÐайнебезпеÑнÑÑа загÑоза майбÑÑнÑомÑ
вÑлÑного пÑогÑамного забезпеÑеннÑ
+виÑ
одиÑÑ Ð²Ñд ÑÑ
илÑноÑÑÑ ÐºÐ¾Ð¼Ð¿Ð°Ð½Ñй, Ñо
виÑоблÑÑÑÑ Ð´Ð¸ÑÑÑибÑÑиви
+“Linux”, вклÑÑаÑи в <a
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заÑади
+зÑÑÑноÑÑÑ Ñа еÑекÑивноÑÑÑ. Так ÑоблÑÑÑ
ÑозÑобники вÑÑÑ
ÑеÑйозниÑ
комеÑÑÑйниÑ
+диÑÑÑибÑÑивÑв; нÑÑ
Ñо не обмежÑÑÑÑÑÑ
вÑлÑними пÑогÑамами. ÐÑлÑÑÑÑÑÑ Ð· ниÑ
не
+вÑдÑÑзнÑÑÑÑ ÑÑÑко невÑлÑÐ½Ñ Ð¿Ð°ÐºÑнки в ÑвоÑÑ
диÑÑÑибÑÑиваÑ
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Ñо навÑÑÑ
+ÑозÑоблÑÑ Ð½ÐµÐ²ÑлÑÐ½Ñ Ð¿ÑогÑами Ñ Ð²ÐºÐ»ÑÑаÑÑÑ ÑÑ
Ñ ÑиÑÑемÑ. РдеÑÐºÑ Ð¿ÑоводÑÑÑ
+обÑÑÐ»Ð¸Ð²Ñ ÑÐµÐºÐ»Ð°Ð¼Ñ ÑиÑÑем “ÐС Linux”, ÑкÑ
лÑÑензÑÑÑÑÑÑ “на
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коÑиÑÑÑваÑÐµÐ²Ñ ÑÑÑлÑки ж Ñвободи, ÑкÑлÑки
+Ñ Microsoft Windows.</p>
+
+<p>
+ÐÑди намагаÑÑÑÑÑ Ð²Ð¸Ð¿ÑавдаÑи додаваннÑ
невÑлÑниÑ
пÑогÑам зÑоÑÑаннÑм
+“попÑлÑÑноÑÑÑ Linux” ÑакÑиÑно
ÑÑавлÑÑи виÑе
+попÑлÑÑнÑÑÑÑ Ð·Ð° ÑвободÑ. ÐÐ½Ð¾Ð´Ñ Ñе
ÑÑвеÑджÑÑÑÑÑÑ Ð²ÑдкÑиÑо. ÐапÑиклад,
+“Wired Magazine” пиÑав пÑо Ñе, Ñо РобеÑÑ
Ðак-ÐÑллан, ÑедакÑоÑ
+“Linux Magazine”, “пеÑеконаний Ñ ÑомÑ, Ñо
ÑÑÑ
Ñ Ð±Ñк
+пÑогÑам з вÑдкÑиÑим виÑ
Ñдним кодом маÑ
пÑдживлÑваÑиÑÑ ÑеÑ
нÑÑними, а не
+полÑÑиÑними ÑÑÑеннÑми”. РгенеÑалÑний
диÑекÑÐ¾Ñ Caldera вÑдкÑиÑо
+ÑпонÑкав коÑиÑÑÑваÑÑв <a
+href="http://www.zdnet.com/stallman-love-is-not-free-3002091004/";>вÑдмовиÑиÑÑ
+вÑд Ñвободи Ñк меÑи, а наÑомÑÑÑÑ Ð¿ÑаÑÑваÑи
над пÑдвиÑеннÑм
+“попÑлÑÑноÑÑÑ Linux”</a>.</p>
+
+<p>
+ÐÐ¾Ð´Ð°Ð²Ð°Ð½Ð½Ñ Ð½ÐµÐ²ÑлÑниÑ
пÑогÑам в ÑиÑÑÐµÐ¼Ñ <a
+href="/gnu/linux-and-gnu.html">GNU/Linux</a> може збÑлÑÑиÑи
попÑлÑÑнÑÑÑÑ,
+ÑкÑо пÑд попÑлÑÑнÑÑÑÑ Ð¼Ð¸ ÑозÑмÑÑмо
кÑлÑкÑÑÑÑ Ð»Ñдей, Ñо викоÑиÑÑовÑÑÑÑ
+ÑкÑ-небÑÐ´Ñ <a href="/gnu/linux-and-gnu.html">GNU/Linux</a> в
поÑÐ´Ð½Ð°Ð½Ð½Ñ Ð·
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неÑвне ÑпÑвÑоваÑиÑÑво закликаÑ
+ÑпÑиймаÑи невÑлÑÐ½Ñ Ð¿ÑогÑами Ñк ÑоÑÑ Ñ
оÑоÑе Ñ Ð·Ð°Ð±ÑÑи пÑо ÑÑлÑ
+Ñвободи. ÐезглÑздо ÑÑ
аÑи ÑвидÑе, ÑкÑо ви не
можеÑе вÑÑимаÑиÑÑ Ð½Ð° доÑозÑ.</p>
+
+<p>
+ЯкÑо невÑлÑне “доповненнє — Ñе
бÑблÑоÑека або заÑÑб
+пÑогÑамÑваннÑ, воно може ÑÑаÑи паÑÑÐºÐ¾Ñ Ð´Ð»Ñ
ÑозÑобникÑв пÑогÑам. ЯкÑо вони
+пиÑÑÑÑ Ð²ÑлÑÐ½Ñ Ð¿ÑогÑами, Ñо залежаÑÑ Ð²Ñд
невÑлÑного пакÑнкÑ, ÑÑ
Ð½Ñ Ð¿ÑогÑама не
+може ÑÑаÑи ÑаÑÑÐ¸Ð½Ð¾Ñ Ð¿Ð¾Ð²Ð½ÑÑÑÑ Ð²ÑлÑноÑ
ÑиÑÑеми. РминÑлого Motif Ñ Qt зловили
+в ÑÑ Ð¿Ð°ÑÑÐºÑ Ð²ÐµÐ»Ð¸ÐºÑ ÐºÑлÑкÑÑÑÑ Ð²ÑлÑниÑ
пÑогÑам, ÑÑвоÑивÑи пÑоблеми, на ÑÑÑеннÑ
+ÑкиÑ
пÑÑли Ñоки. ÐÑблÑоÑека Motif
пÑедÑÑавлÑла Ð¿ÐµÐ²Ð½Ñ Ð¿ÑÐ¾Ð±Ð»ÐµÐ¼Ñ Ð´Ð¾ ÑиÑ
пÑÑ,
+поки не заÑÑаÑÑла Ñ Ð½Ðµ пеÑеÑÑала
заÑÑоÑовÑваÑиÑÑ. ÐÑзнÑÑе невÑлÑна
+ÑеалÑзаÑÑÑ Java компанÑÑ Sun пÑизвела до
подÑбного ÑвиÑа <a
+href="/philosophy/java-trap.html">паÑÑка Java</a>; на ÑаÑÑÑ, в
даний ÑÐ°Ñ Ñе
+в оÑÐ½Ð¾Ð²Ð½Ð¾Ð¼Ñ Ð²Ð¸Ð¿Ñавлено.</p>
+
+<p>
+ЯкÑо наÑе ÑпÑвÑоваÑиÑÑво пÑодовжиÑÑ ÑÑÑ
аÑиÑÑ Ð² ÑÑÐ¾Ð¼Ñ Ð½Ð°Ð¿ÑÑмкÑ, воно може
+пеÑенапÑавиÑи майбÑÑÐ½Ñ <a
href="/gnu/linux-and-gnu.html">GNU/Linux</a> Ñ Ð±Ñк
+мозаÑки з вÑлÑниÑ
Ñ Ð½ÐµÐ²ÑлÑниÑ
компоненÑÑв.
ЧеÑез п'ÑÑÑ ÑокÑв Ñ Ð½Ð°Ñ,
+звиÑайно, бÑде Ñе багаÑо вÑлÑниÑ
пÑогÑам;
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+ними навÑÑд Ñи можна бÑде коÑиÑÑÑваÑиÑÑ
без невÑлÑниÑ
пÑогÑам, ÑкÑ
+коÑиÑÑÑваÑÑ Ð¾ÑÑкÑÑÑÑ Ð¾ÑÑимаÑи в
комплекÑÑ. ЯкÑо Ñе ÑÑанеÑÑÑÑ, Ð½Ð°Ñ ÑÑÑ
за
+ÑÐ²Ð¾Ð±Ð¾Ð´Ñ ÑÐµÐºÐ°Ñ Ð¿Ñовал.</p>
+
+<p>
+Якби випÑÑк вÑлÑниÑ
алÑÑеÑнаÑив бÑв лиÑе
пиÑаннÑм пÑогÑамÑваннÑ, виÑÑÑеннÑ
+майбÑÑнÑÑ
пÑоблем ÑÑавало б легÑим Ñз
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+ÑпÑвÑоваÑиÑÑва по ÑозÑобÑÑ. Ðле ми
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+ÑÑкладниÑи Ñе закони, Ñо
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+паÑенÑи на пÑогÑами гÑомадÑÑÑÑÑ Ð¾Ð´Ð¸Ð½ на
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+“Ðакон пÑо авÑоÑÑÑке пÑаво в ÑиÑÑовÑ
епоÑ
Ñ” (<acronym
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заÑÑоÑовÑÑÑÑÑÑ Ð´Ð»Ñ
+забоÑони ÑозÑобки вÑлÑниÑ
пÑогÑам длÑ
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+кÑÑм <strong>вÑдмови вÑд невÑлÑниÑ
пÑогÑам,
ÑÐºÑ ÑÑ
викоÑиÑÑовÑÑÑÑ</strong>.</p>
+
+<p>
+ÐÐ»Ñ Ð¿Ð¾Ð´Ð¾Ð»Ð°Ð½Ð½Ñ ÑиÑ
ÑÑÑдноÑÑв поÑÑÑбно
багаÑо ÑÑзного ÑÐ¾Ð´Ñ Ð·ÑÑилÑ. Ðле Ñоб
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випÑобÑваннÑÑ
, нам
наÑампеÑед необÑ
Ñдно пам'ÑÑаÑи пÑо
+наÑиÑ
ÑÑÐ»Ñ Ñвободи ÑпÑвпÑаÑÑ. Ðе можна
оÑÑкÑваÑи, Ñо одне Ð±Ð°Ð¶Ð°Ð½Ð½Ñ Ð¾ÑÑимаÑи
+еÑекÑÐ¸Ð²Ð½Ñ Ñ Ð½Ð°Ð´ÑÐ¹Ð½Ñ Ð¿ÑогÑами ÑпонÑкаÑ
лÑдей на Ð²ÐµÐ»Ð¸ÐºÑ ÑÑÑди. Ðам поÑÑÑбна
+ÑÑÑÑÑÑÑÑÑ Ð»Ñдей, ÑÐºÑ Ð±Ð¾ÑÑÑÑÑÑ Ð·Ð° ÑвоÑ
ÑÐ²Ð¾Ð±Ð¾Ð´Ñ Ñ ÑднÑÑÑÑ —
+ÑÑÑÑÑÑÑÑÑ Ð±Ð¾ÑоÑиÑÑ, не пÑипинÑÑÑи, довгÑ
Ñоки.</p>
+
+<p>
+У наÑÑй гÑÐ¾Ð¼Ð°Ð´Ñ ÑÑ Ð¼ÐµÑа Ñ ÑÑ ÑÑÑÑÑÑÑÑÑ Ð²Ð¸Ñ
одиÑÑ Ð³Ð¾Ð»Ð¾Ð²Ð½Ð¸Ð¼ Ñином з пÑоекÑÑ
+GNU. Це ми говоÑимо пÑо ÑÐ²Ð¾Ð±Ð¾Ð´Ñ Ñ ÑднÑÑÑÑ Ñк
пÑо Ñе, Ñо поÑÑÑбно
+вÑдÑÑоÑваÑи; оÑганÑзаÑÑÑ, ÑÐºÑ Ð³Ð¾Ð²Ð¾ÑÑÑÑ Ð¿Ñо
“Linux”, зазвиÑай
+ÑÑого не кажÑÑÑ. ÐÑÑнали пÑо “Linux”
зазвиÑай Ð¿Ð¾Ð²Ð½Ñ Ñеклами
+невÑлÑниÑ
пÑогÑам; компанÑÑ, ÑÐºÑ Ð·Ð±Ð¸ÑаÑÑÑ
Ñ Ð¿Ð¾ÑÑаÑаÑÑÑ “Linux”,
+додаÑÑÑ Ð½ÐµÐ²ÑлÑÐ½Ñ Ð¿ÑогÑами в ÑиÑÑемÑ; ÑнÑÑ
компанÑÑ “пÑдÑÑимÑÑÑÑ
+Linux”, ÑозÑоблÑÑÑи невÑлÑÐ½Ñ Ð¿ÑогÑами длÑ
ÑобоÑи в GNU/Linux; гÑÑпи
+коÑиÑÑÑваÑÑв “Linux” неÑÑдко
запÑоÑÑÑÑÑ Ð´Ð»Ñ Ð¿ÑодавÑÑв
+демонÑÑÑаÑÑÑ ÑиÑ
пÑогÑам. Ðоловне мÑÑÑе,
де лÑди з наÑÐ¾Ñ Ð³Ñомади можÑÑÑ
+зÑÑÑÑÑÑиÑÑ Ð· ÑдеÑÑ Ñвободи Ñ ÑÑÑÑÑÑÑÑÑ,
— Ñе пÑÐ¾ÐµÐºÑ GNU.</p>
+
+<p>
+Ðле коли лÑди зÑÑÑÑÑнÑÑÑÑÑ Ð· Ñим Ñи
вÑдÑÑÑÑÑ Ð²Ð¾Ð½Ð¸, Ñо ÑÑ
Ñе ÑÑоÑÑÑÑÑÑÑ?</p>
+
+<p>
+ÐÑди, ÑÐºÑ Ð·Ð½Ð°ÑÑÑ, Ñо вони коÑиÑÑÑÑÑÑÑÑ
ÑиÑÑемоÑ, Ñка вийÑла з пÑоекÑÑ GNU,
+баÑаÑÑ Ð¿ÑÑмий зв'Ñзок мÑж ÑÐ¾Ð±Ð¾Ñ Ñ GNU. Це не
ознаÑаÑ, Ñо вони авÑомаÑиÑно
+погодÑÑÑÑÑ Ð· наÑÐ¾Ñ ÑÑлоÑоÑÑÑÑ, але
пÑÐ¸Ð½Ð°Ð¹Ð¼Ð½Ñ Ð²Ð¾Ð½Ð¸ побаÑаÑÑ Ð¿ÑиÑÐ¸Ð½Ñ Ð²ÑеÑйоз
+пÑо Ñе задÑмаÑиÑÑ. Ðавпаки, лÑди, ÑкÑ
вважаÑÑÑ Ñебе “коÑиÑÑÑваÑами
+Linux” Ñ Ð²Ð²Ð°Ð¶Ð°ÑÑÑ, Ñо пÑÐ¾ÐµÐºÑ GNU лиÑе
“ÑозÑобив заÑоби, ÑкÑ
+виÑвилиÑÑ ÐºÐ¾ÑиÑними Ð´Ð»Ñ Linux”, зазвиÑай
ÑÑвÑдомлÑÑÑÑ Ð»Ð¸Ñе непÑÑмий
+зв'Ñзок мÑж ÑÐ¾Ð±Ð¾Ñ Ñ GNU. Ðони можÑÑÑ Ð¿ÑоÑÑо
пÑоÑгноÑÑваÑи ÑÑлоÑоÑÑÑ GNU,
+коли зÑÑÑÑÑнÑÑÑÑÑ Ð· неÑ.</p>
+
+<p>
+ÐÑÐ¾ÐµÐºÑ GNU ÑдеалÑÑÑиÑний, а вÑÑ, Ñ
Ñо
пÑдÑÑимÑÑ ÑдеалÑзм ÑÑогоднÑ,
+зÑÑÑÑÑÑаÑÑÑ ÑилÑÐ½Ñ Ð¿ÐµÑеÑкодÑ: пеÑеважаÑÑа
ÑдеологÑÑ ÑпонÑÐºÐ°Ñ Ð»Ñдей
+вÑдмовиÑиÑÑ Ð²Ñд ÑдеалÑÐ·Ð¼Ñ Ñк ÑогоÑÑ
“непÑакÑиÑного”. ÐаÑ
+ÑдеалÑзм завжди бÑв вкÑай пÑакÑиÑним: Ñе
пÑиÑина, по ÑкÑй Ñ Ð½Ð°Ñ Ñ Ð²ÑлÑна
+опеÑаÑÑйна ÑиÑÑема <a
href="/gnu/linux-and-gnu.html">GNU/Linux</a>. ÐÑди,
+ÑÐºÑ Ð»ÑблÑÑÑ ÑÑ ÑиÑÑемÑ, зобов'ÑÐ·Ð°Ð½Ñ Ð·Ð½Ð°Ñи,
Ñо Ñаме Ð½Ð°Ñ ÑдеалÑзм вÑÑлив ÑÑ Ð²
+жиÑÑÑ.</p>
+
+<p>
+Якби “ÑобоÑа” дÑйÑно бÑла вже
зÑоблена, Ñ ÑкÑо б мова йÑла
+ÑÑлÑки пÑо Ð²Ð¸Ð·Ð½Ð°Ð½Ð½Ñ Ð·Ð°ÑлÑг, можливо, бÑло б
мÑдÑÑÑе залиÑиÑи вÑе, Ñк Ñ. Ðле
+Ñе не Ñак. Щоб надиÑ
нÑÑи лÑдей на ÑобоÑÑ,
ÑÐºÑ Ð¿Ð¾ÑÑÑбно виконаÑи, нам
+необÑ
Ñдно, Ñоб за нами визнавали Ñе, Ñо ми
вже зÑобили. ÐÑÐ´Ñ Ð»Ð°Ñка,
+допоможÑÑÑ Ð½Ð°Ð¼, називаÑÑи ÑÑ Ð¾Ð¿ÐµÑаÑÑйнÑ
ÑиÑÑÐµÐ¼Ñ <a
+href="/gnu/linux-and-gnu.html">“GNU/Linux”</a>.</p>
+
+<hr />
+<blockquote id="fsfs"><p class="big">Цей наÑиÑ
пÑблÑкÑÑÑÑÑÑ Ð² збÑÑÐ½Ð¸ÐºÑ <a
+href="http://shop.fsf.org/product/free-software-free-society/";><cite>ÐÑлÑнÑ
+пÑогÑами, вÑлÑне ÑÑÑпÑлÑÑÑво: вибÑанÑ
наÑиÑи Ð ÑÑаÑда Ð. СÑолмена</cite></a>.</p></blockquote>
+
+<div class="translators-notes">
+
+<!--TRANSLATORS: Use space (SPC) as msgstr if you don't have notes.-->
+ </div>
+</div>
+
+<!-- for id="content", starts in the include above -->
+<!--#include virtual="/server/footer.uk.html" -->
+<div id="footer">
+<div class="unprintable">
+
+<p>ÐÑÐ´Ñ Ð»Ð°Ñка, надÑилайÑе загалÑÐ½Ñ Ð·Ð°Ð¿Ð¸Ñи
ÑÐ¾Ð½Ð´Ñ Ñа GNU за адÑеÑÐ¾Ñ <a
+href="mailto:address@hidden";><address@hidden></a>. ÐаÑвнÑ
Ñакож <a
+href="/contact/">ÑнÑÑ ÑпоÑоби зв'ÑзкÑ</a> з Ñондом.
ÐвÑÑи пÑо непÑаÑÑÑÑÑ
+поÑÐ¸Ð»Ð°Ð½Ð½Ñ Ñ ÑнÑÑ Ð²Ð¸Ð¿ÑÐ°Ð²Ð»ÐµÐ½Ð½Ñ Ñи
пÑопозиÑÑÑ Ð¼Ð¾Ð¶Ð½Ð° надÑилаÑи за адÑеÑÐ¾Ñ <a
+href="mailto:address@hidden";><address@hidden></a>.</p>
+
+<p>
+<!-- TRANSLATORS: Ignore the original text in this paragraph,
+ replace it with the translation of these two:
+
+ We work hard and do our best to provide accurate, good quality
+ translations. However, we are not exempt from imperfection.
+ Please send your comments and general suggestions in this regard
+ to <a href="mailto:address@hidden";>
+
+ <address@hidden></a>.</p>
+
+ <p>For information on coordinating and submitting translations of
+ our web pages, see <a
+ href="/server/standards/README.translations.html">Translations
+ README</a>. -->
+Ðи намагалиÑÑ Ð·ÑобиÑи Ñей пеÑеклад ÑоÑним
Ñа ÑкÑÑним, але виклÑÑиÑи
+можливÑÑÑÑ Ð¿Ð¾Ð¼Ð¸Ð»ÐºÐ¸ ми не можемо.
ÐадÑилайÑе, бÑÐ´Ñ Ð»Ð°Ñка, ÑÐ²Ð¾Ñ Ð·Ð°ÑÐ²Ð°Ð¶ÐµÐ½Ð½Ñ Ñ
+пÑопозиÑÑÑ Ñодо пеÑÐµÐºÐ»Ð°Ð´Ñ Ð·Ð° адÑеÑÐ¾Ñ <a
+href="mailto:address@hidden";><address@hidden></a>.
+</p><p>ÐÑдомоÑÑÑ Ð· кооÑдинаÑÑÑ Ñа пÑопозиÑÑй
пеÑекладÑв наÑиÑ
ÑÑаÑей див. Ñ
+<a href="/server/standards/README.translations.html">“ÐоÑÑбникÑ
з
+пеÑекладє</a>.</p>
+</div>
+
+<!-- Regarding copyright, in general, standalone pages (as opposed to
+ files generated as part of manuals) on the GNU web server should
+ be under CC BY-ND 4.0. Please do NOT change or remove this
+ without talking with the webmasters or licensing team first.
+ Please make sure the copyright date is consistent with the
+ document. For web pages, it is ok to list just the latest year the
+ document was modified, or published.
+
+ If you wish to list earlier years, that is ok too.
+ Either "2001, 2002, 2003" or "2001-2003" are ok for specifying
+ years, as long as each year in the range is in fact a copyrightable
+ year, i.e., a year in which the document was published (including
+ being publicly visible on the web or in a revision control system).
+
+ There is more detail about copyright years in the GNU Maintainers
+ Information document, www.gnu.org/prep/maintain. -->
+<p>Copyright © 2000, 2006, 2007, 2014, 2015 Ð ÑÑаÑд
СÑолмен</p>
+
+<p>Ð¦Ñ ÑÑоÑÑнка доÑÑÑпна на ÑмоваÑ
<a rel="license"
+href="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nd/4.0/deed.uk";> лÑÑензÑÑ
+Creative Commons Attribution-NoDerivatives (<em>Ðз зазнаÑеннÑм
+авÑоÑÑÑва — Ðез поÑ
ÑдниÑ
ÑвоÑÑв</em>) 4.0
ÐÑжнаÑодна</a>.</p>
+
+<!--#include virtual="/server/bottom-notes.uk.html" -->
+<div class="translators-credits">
+
+<!--TRANSLATORS: Use space (SPC) as msgstr if you don't want credits.-->
+ÐÑдÑÑимка ÑкÑаÑнÑÑкого пеÑекладÑ: ÐндÑÑй
ÐандÑÑа
+(address@hidden)</div>
+
+<p class="unprintable"><!-- timestamp start -->
+Ðновлено:
+
+$Date: 2015/12/26 08:58:40 $
+
+<!-- timestamp end -->
+</p>
+</div>
+</div>
+</body>
+</html>
Index: gnu/po/manifesto.uk-en.html
===================================================================
RCS file: gnu/po/manifesto.uk-en.html
diff -N gnu/po/manifesto.uk-en.html
--- /dev/null 1 Jan 1970 00:00:00 -0000
+++ gnu/po/manifesto.uk-en.html 26 Dec 2015 08:58:41 -0000 1.1
@@ -0,0 +1,740 @@
+<!--#include virtual="/server/header.html" -->
+<!-- Parent-Version: 1.77 -->
+<title>The GNU Manifesto
+- GNU Project - Free Software Foundation</title>
+<!--#include virtual="/gnu/po/manifesto.translist" -->
+<!--#include virtual="/server/banner.html" -->
+<h2>The GNU Manifesto</h2>
+
+<p> The GNU Manifesto (which appears below) was written
+by <a href="http://www.stallman.org/";>Richard Stallman</a> in 1985 to
+ask for support in developing the GNU operating system. Part of the
+text was taken from the original announcement of 1983. Through 1987,
+it was updated in minor ways to account for developments; since then,
+it seems best to leave it unchanged.</p>
+
+<p>Since that time, we have learned about certain common
+misunderstandings that different wording could help avoid. Footnotes
+added since 1993 help clarify these points.</p>
+
+<p>If you want to install the GNU/Linux system, we recommend you use
+one of the <a href="/distros">100% free software GNU/Linux
+distributions</a>. For how to contribute,
+see <a href="/help/help.html">http://www.gnu.org/help</a>.</p>
+
+<p>The GNU Project is part of the Free Software Movement, a campaign
+for <a href="/philosophy/free-sw.html">freedom for users of
+software</a>. It is a mistake to associate GNU with the term
+“open source”—that term was coined in 1998 by people
+who disagree with the Free Software Movement's ethical values. They
+use it to promote an
+<a href="/philosophy/open-source-misses-the-point.html">amoral approach</a> to
the same field.</p>
+
+<h3 id="whats-gnu">What's GNU? Gnu's Not Unix!</h3>
+
+<p>
+ GNU, which stands for Gnu's Not Unix, is the name for the complete
+Unix-compatible software system which I am writing so that I can give
+it away free to everyone who can use it.<a href="#f1">(1)</a> Several
+other volunteers are helping me. Contributions of time, money,
+programs and equipment are greatly needed.</p>
+
+<p>
+ So far we have an Emacs text editor with Lisp for writing editor
+commands, a source level debugger, a yacc-compatible parser generator,
+a linker, and around 35 utilities. A shell (command interpreter) is
+nearly completed. A new portable optimizing C compiler has compiled
+itself and may be released this year. An initial kernel exists but
+many more features are needed to emulate Unix. When the kernel and
+compiler are finished, it will be possible to distribute a GNU system
+suitable for program development. We will use TeX as our text
+formatter, but an nroff is being worked on. We will use the free,
+portable X Window System as well. After this we will add a portable
+Common Lisp, an Empire game, a spreadsheet, and hundreds of other
+things, plus online documentation. We hope to supply, eventually,
+everything useful that normally comes with a Unix system, and more.</p>
+
+<p>
+ GNU will be able to run Unix programs, but will not be identical to
+Unix. We will make all improvements that are convenient, based on our
+experience with other operating systems. In particular, we plan to
+have longer file names, file version numbers, a crashproof file system,
+file name completion perhaps, terminal-independent display support, and
+perhaps eventually a Lisp-based window system through which several
+Lisp programs and ordinary Unix programs can share a screen. Both C
+and Lisp will be available as system programming languages. We will
+try to support UUCP, MIT Chaosnet, and Internet protocols for
+communication.</p>
+
+<p>
+ GNU is aimed initially at machines in the 68000/16000 class with
+virtual memory, because they are the easiest machines to make it run
+on. The extra effort to make it run on smaller machines will be left
+to someone who wants to use it on them.</p>
+
+<p>
+ To avoid horrible confusion, please pronounce the <em>g</em> in the
+word “GNU” when it is the name of this project.</p>
+
+<h3 id="why-write">Why I Must Write GNU</h3>
+
+<p>
+ I consider that the Golden Rule requires that if I like a program I
+must share it with other people who like it. Software sellers want to
+divide the users and conquer them, making each user agree not to share
+with others. I refuse to break solidarity with other users in this
+way. I cannot in good conscience sign a nondisclosure agreement or a
+software license agreement. For years I worked within the Artificial
+Intelligence Lab to resist such tendencies and other inhospitalities,
+but eventually they had gone too far: I could not remain in an
+institution where such things are done for me against my will.</p>
+
+<p>
+ So that I can continue to use computers without dishonor, I have
+decided to put together a sufficient body of free software so that I
+will be able to get along without any software that is not free. I
+have resigned from the AI Lab to deny MIT any legal excuse to prevent
+me from giving GNU away.<a href="#f2a">(2)</a></p>
+
+<h3 id="compatible">Why GNU Will Be Compatible with Unix</h3>
+
+<p>
+ Unix is not my ideal system, but it is not too bad. The essential
+features of Unix seem to be good ones, and I think I can fill in what
+Unix lacks without spoiling them. And a system compatible with Unix
+would be convenient for many other people to adopt.</p>
+
+<h3 id="available">How GNU Will Be Available</h3>
+
+<p>
+ GNU is not in the public domain. Everyone will be permitted to
+modify and redistribute GNU, but no distributor will be allowed to
+restrict its further redistribution. That is to say,
+<a href="/philosophy/categories.html#ProprietarySoftware">proprietary</a>
+modifications will not be allowed. I want to make sure that all
+versions of GNU remain free.</p>
+
+<h3 id="why-help">Why Many Other Programmers Want to Help</h3>
+
+<p>
+ I have found many other programmers who are excited about GNU and
+want to help.</p>
+
+<p>
+ Many programmers are unhappy about the commercialization of system
+software. It may enable them to make more money, but it requires them
+to feel in conflict with other programmers in general rather than feel
+as comrades. The fundamental act of friendship among programmers is the
+sharing of programs; marketing arrangements now typically used
+essentially forbid programmers to treat others as friends. The
+purchaser of software must choose between friendship and obeying the
+law. Naturally, many decide that friendship is more important. But
+those who believe in law often do not feel at ease with either choice.
+They become cynical and think that programming is just a way of making
+money.</p>
+
+<p>
+ By working on and using GNU rather than proprietary programs, we can
+be hospitable to everyone and obey the law. In addition, GNU serves as
+an example to inspire and a banner to rally others to join us in
+sharing. This can give us a feeling of harmony which is impossible if
+we use software that is not free. For about half the programmers I
+talk to, this is an important happiness that money cannot replace.</p>
+
+<h3 id="contribute">How You Can Contribute</h3>
+
+<blockquote>
+<p>
+(Nowadays, for software tasks to work on, see the <a
+href="http://fsf.org/campaigns/priority-projects";>High Priority Projects
+list</a> and the <a href="http://savannah.gnu.org/people/?type_id=1";>GNU Help
+Wanted list</a>, the general task list for GNU software packages. For other
+ways to help, see <a href="/help/help.html">the guide to helping
+the GNU operating system</a>.)
+</p>
+</blockquote>
+
+<p>
+ I am asking computer manufacturers for donations of machines and
+money. I'm asking individuals for donations of programs and work.</p>
+
+<p>
+ One consequence you can expect if you donate machines is that GNU
+will run on them at an early date. The machines should be complete,
+ready to use systems, approved for use in a residential area, and not
+in need of sophisticated cooling or power.</p>
+
+<p>
+ I have found very many programmers eager to contribute part-time
+work for GNU. For most projects, such part-time distributed work would
+be very hard to coordinate; the independently written parts would not
+work together. But for the particular task of replacing Unix, this
+problem is absent. A complete Unix system contains hundreds of utility
+programs, each of which is documented separately. Most interface
+specifications are fixed by Unix compatibility. If each contributor
+can write a compatible replacement for a single Unix utility, and make
+it work properly in place of the original on a Unix system, then these
+utilities will work right when put together. Even allowing for Murphy
+to create a few unexpected problems, assembling these components will
+be a feasible task. (The kernel will require closer communication and
+will be worked on by a small, tight group.)</p>
+
+<p>
+ If I get donations of money, I may be able to hire a few people full
+or part time. The salary won't be high by programmers' standards, but
+I'm looking for people for whom building community spirit is as
+important as making money. I view this as a way of enabling dedicated
+people to devote their full energies to working on GNU by sparing them
+the need to make a living in another way.</p>
+
+<h3 id="benefit">Why All Computer Users Will Benefit</h3>
+
+<p>
+ Once GNU is written, everyone will be able to obtain good system
+software free, just like air.<a href="#f2">(3)</a></p>
+
+<p>
+ This means much more than just saving everyone the price of a Unix
+license. It means that much wasteful duplication of system programming
+effort will be avoided. This effort can go instead into advancing the
+state of the art.</p>
+
+<p>
+ Complete system sources will be available to everyone. As a result,
+a user who needs changes in the system will always be free to make them
+himself, or hire any available programmer or company to make them for
+him. Users will no longer be at the mercy of one programmer or company
+which owns the sources and is in sole position to make changes.</p>
+
+<p>
+ Schools will be able to provide a much more educational environment
+by encouraging all students to study and improve the system code.
+Harvard's computer lab used to have the policy that no program could be
+installed on the system if its sources were not on public display, and
+upheld it by actually refusing to install certain programs. I was very
+much inspired by this.</p>
+
+<p>
+ Finally, the overhead of considering who owns the system software
+and what one is or is not entitled to do with it will be lifted.</p>
+
+<p>
+ Arrangements to make people pay for using a program, including
+licensing of copies, always incur a tremendous cost to society through
+the cumbersome mechanisms necessary to figure out how much (that is,
+which programs) a person must pay for. And only a police state can
+force everyone to obey them. Consider a space station where air must
+be manufactured at great cost: charging each breather per liter of air
+may be fair, but wearing the metered gas mask all day and all night is
+intolerable even if everyone can afford to pay the air bill. And the
+TV cameras everywhere to see if you ever take the mask off are
+outrageous. It's better to support the air plant with a head tax and
+chuck the masks.</p>
+
+<p>
+ Copying all or parts of a program is as natural to a programmer as
+breathing, and as productive. It ought to be as free.</p>
+
+<h3 id="rebutted-objections">Some Easily Rebutted Objections to GNU's
Goals</h3>
+
+<p id="support">
+<strong>“Nobody will use it if it is free, because that means
+they can't rely on any support.”</strong></p>
+
+<p>
+<strong>“You have to charge for the program to pay for providing
+the support.”</strong></p>
+
+<p>
+ If people would rather pay for GNU plus service than get GNU free
+without service, a company to provide just service to people who have
+obtained GNU free ought to be profitable.<a href="#f3">(4)</a></p>
+
+<p>
+ We must distinguish between support in the form of real programming
+work and mere handholding. The former is something one cannot rely on
+from a software vendor. If your problem is not shared by enough
+people, the vendor will tell you to get lost.</p>
+
+<p>
+ If your business needs to be able to rely on support, the only way
+is to have all the necessary sources and tools. Then you can hire any
+available person to fix your problem; you are not at the mercy of any
+individual. With Unix, the price of sources puts this out of
+consideration for most businesses. With GNU this will be easy. It is
+still possible for there to be no available competent person, but this
+problem cannot be blamed on distribution arrangements. GNU does not
+eliminate all the world's problems, only some of them.</p>
+
+<p>
+ Meanwhile, the users who know nothing about computers need
+handholding: doing things for them which they could easily do
+themselves but don't know how.</p>
+
+<p>
+ Such services could be provided by companies that sell just
+handholding and repair service. If it is true that users would rather
+spend money and get a product with service, they will also be willing
+to buy the service having got the product free. The service companies
+will compete in quality and price; users will not be tied to any
+particular one. Meanwhile, those of us who don't need the service
+should be able to use the program without paying for the service.</p>
+
+<p id="advertising">
+<strong>“You cannot reach many people without advertising, and
+you must charge for the program to support that.”</strong></p>
+
+<p>
+<strong>“It's no use advertising a program people can get
+free.”</strong></p>
+
+<p>
+ There are various forms of free or very cheap publicity that can be
+used to inform numbers of computer users about something like GNU. But
+it may be true that one can reach more microcomputer users with
+advertising. If this is really so, a business which advertises the
+service of copying and mailing GNU for a fee ought to be successful
+enough to pay for its advertising and more. This way, only the users
+who benefit from the advertising pay for it.</p>
+
+<p>
+ On the other hand, if many people get GNU from their friends, and
+such companies don't succeed, this will show that advertising was not
+really necessary to spread GNU. Why is it that free market advocates
+don't want to let the free market decide this?<a href="#f4">(5)</a></p>
+
+<p id="competitive">
+<strong>“My company needs a proprietary operating system to get
+a competitive edge.”</strong></p>
+
+<p>
+ GNU will remove operating system software from the realm of
+competition. You will not be able to get an edge in this area, but
+neither will your competitors be able to get an edge over you. You and
+they will compete in other areas, while benefiting mutually in this
+one. If your business is selling an operating system, you will not
+like GNU, but that's tough on you. If your business is something else,
+GNU can save you from being pushed into the expensive business of
+selling operating systems.</p>
+
+<p>
+ I would like to see GNU development supported by gifts from many
+manufacturers and users, reducing the cost to each.<a href="#f5">(6)</a></p>
+
+<p id="deserve">
+<strong>“Don't programmers deserve a reward for their
+creativity?”</strong></p>
+
+<p>
+ If anything deserves a reward, it is social contribution.
+Creativity can be a social contribution, but only in so far as society
+is free to use the results. If programmers deserve to be rewarded for
+creating innovative programs, by the same token they deserve to be
+punished if they restrict the use of these programs.</p>
+
+<p id="reward">
+<strong>“Shouldn't a programmer be able to ask for a reward for
+his creativity?”</strong></p>
+
+<p>
+ There is nothing wrong with wanting pay for work, or seeking to
+maximize one's income, as long as one does not use means that are
+destructive. But the means customary in the field of software today
+are based on destruction.</p>
+
+<p>
+ Extracting money from users of a program by restricting their use of
+it is destructive because the restrictions reduce the amount and the
+ways that the program can be used. This reduces the amount of wealth
+that humanity derives from the program. When there is a deliberate
+choice to restrict, the harmful consequences are deliberate destruction.</p>
+
+<p>
+ The reason a good citizen does not use such destructive means to
+become wealthier is that, if everyone did so, we would all become
+poorer from the mutual destructiveness. This is Kantian ethics; or,
+the Golden Rule. Since I do not like the consequences that result if
+everyone hoards information, I am required to consider it wrong for one
+to do so. Specifically, the desire to be rewarded for one's creativity
+does not justify depriving the world in general of all or part of that
+creativity.</p>
+
+<p id="starve">
+<strong>“Won't programmers starve?”</strong></p>
+
+<p>
+ I could answer that nobody is forced to be a programmer. Most of us
+cannot manage to get any money for standing on the street and making
+faces. But we are not, as a result, condemned to spend our lives
+standing on the street making faces, and starving. We do something
+else.</p>
+
+<p>
+ But that is the wrong answer because it accepts the questioner's
+implicit assumption: that without ownership of software, programmers
+cannot possibly be paid a cent. Supposedly it is all or nothing.</p>
+
+<p>
+ The real reason programmers will not starve is that it will still be
+possible for them to get paid for programming; just not paid as much as
+now.</p>
+
+<p>
+ Restricting copying is not the only basis for business in software.
+It is the most common basis<a href="#f8">(7)</a> because it brings in
+the most money. If it
+were prohibited, or rejected by the customer, software business would
+move to other bases of organization which are now used less often.
+There are always numerous ways to organize any kind of business.</p>
+
+<p>
+ Probably programming will not be as lucrative on the new basis as it
+is now. But that is not an argument against the change. It is not
+considered an injustice that sales clerks make the salaries that they
+now do. If programmers made the same, that would not be an injustice
+either. (In practice they would still make considerably more than
+that.)</p>
+
+<p id="right-to-control">
+<strong>“Don't people have a right to control how their
+creativity is used?”</strong></p>
+
+<p>
+“Control over the use of one's ideas” really constitutes
+control over other people's lives; and it is usually used to make
+their lives more difficult.</p>
+
+<p>
+ People who have studied the issue of intellectual property
+rights<a href="#f6">(8)</a> carefully (such as lawyers) say that there
+is no intrinsic right to intellectual property. The kinds of supposed
+intellectual property rights that the government recognizes were
+created by specific acts of legislation for specific purposes.</p>
+
+<p>
+ For example, the patent system was established to encourage
+inventors to disclose the details of their inventions. Its purpose was
+to help society rather than to help inventors. At the time, the life
+span of 17 years for a patent was short compared with the rate of
+advance of the state of the art. Since patents are an issue only among
+manufacturers, for whom the cost and effort of a license agreement are
+small compared with setting up production, the patents often do not do
+much harm. They do not obstruct most individuals who use patented
+products.</p>
+
+<p>
+ The idea of copyright did not exist in ancient times, when authors
+frequently copied other authors at length in works of nonfiction. This
+practice was useful, and is the only way many authors' works have
+survived even in part. The copyright system was created expressly for
+the purpose of encouraging authorship. In the domain for which it was
+invented—books, which could be copied economically only on a printing
+press—it did little harm, and did not obstruct most of the individuals
+who read the books.</p>
+
+<p>
+ All intellectual property rights are just licenses granted by society
+because it was thought, rightly or wrongly, that society as a whole
+would benefit by granting them. But in any particular situation, we
+have to ask: are we really better off granting such license? What kind
+of act are we licensing a person to do?</p>
+
+<p>
+ The case of programs today is very different from that of books a
+hundred years ago. The fact that the easiest way to copy a program is
+from one neighbor to another, the fact that a program has both source
+code and object code which are distinct, and the fact that a program is
+used rather than read and enjoyed, combine to create a situation in
+which a person who enforces a copyright is harming society as a whole
+both materially and spiritually; in which a person should not do so
+regardless of whether the law enables him to.</p>
+
+<p id="competition">
+<strong>“Competition makes things get done
+better.”</strong></p>
+
+<p>
+ The paradigm of competition is a race: by rewarding the winner, we
+encourage everyone to run faster. When capitalism really works this
+way, it does a good job; but its defenders are wrong in assuming it
+always works this way. If the runners forget why the reward is offered
+and become intent on winning, no matter how, they may find other
+strategies—such as, attacking other runners. If the runners get into
+a fist fight, they will all finish late.</p>
+
+<p>
+ Proprietary and secret software is the moral equivalent of runners
+in a fist fight. Sad to say, the only referee we've got does not seem
+to object to fights; he just regulates them (“For every ten
+yards you run, you can fire one shot”). He really ought to
+break them up, and penalize runners for even trying to fight.</p>
+
+<p id="stop-programming">
+<strong>“Won't everyone stop programming without a monetary
+incentive?”</strong></p>
+
+<p>
+ Actually, many people will program with absolutely no monetary
+incentive. Programming has an irresistible fascination for some
+people, usually the people who are best at it. There is no shortage of
+professional musicians who keep at it even though they have no hope of
+making a living that way.</p>
+
+<p>
+ But really this question, though commonly asked, is not appropriate
+to the situation. Pay for programmers will not disappear, only become
+less. So the right question is, will anyone program with a reduced
+monetary incentive? My experience shows that they will.</p>
+
+<p>
+ For more than ten years, many of the world's best programmers worked
+at the Artificial Intelligence Lab for far less money than they could
+have had anywhere else. They got many kinds of nonmonetary rewards:
+fame and appreciation, for example. And creativity is also fun, a
+reward in itself.</p>
+
+<p>
+ Then most of them left when offered a chance to do the same
+interesting work for a lot of money.</p>
+
+<p>
+ What the facts show is that people will program for reasons other
+than riches; but if given a chance to make a lot of money as well, they
+will come to expect and demand it. Low-paying organizations do poorly
+in competition with high-paying ones, but they do not have to do badly
+if the high-paying ones are banned.</p>
+
+<p id="desperate">
+<strong>“We need the programmers desperately. If they demand
+that we stop helping our neighbors, we have to obey.”</strong></p>
+
+<p>
+ You're never so desperate that you have to obey this sort of demand.
+Remember: millions for defense, but not a cent for tribute!</p>
+
+<p id="living">
+<strong>“Programmers need to make a living somehow.”</strong></p>
+
+<p>
+ In the short run, this is true. However, there are plenty of ways
+that programmers could make a living without selling the right to use a
+program. This way is customary now because it brings programmers and
+businessmen the most money, not because it is the only way to make a
+living. It is easy to find other ways if you want to find them. Here
+are a number of examples.</p>
+
+<p>
+ A manufacturer introducing a new computer will pay for the porting of
+operating systems onto the new hardware.</p>
+
+<p>
+ The sale of teaching, handholding and maintenance services could
+also employ programmers.</p>
+
+<p>
+ People with new ideas could distribute programs as
+freeware<a href="#f7">(9)</a>, asking for donations from satisfied
+users, or selling handholding services. I have met people who are
+already working this way successfully.</p>
+
+<p>
+ Users with related needs can form users' groups, and pay dues. A
+group would contract with programming companies to write programs that
+the group's members would like to use.</p>
+
+<p>
+ All sorts of development can be funded with a Software Tax:</p>
+
+<p>
+ Suppose everyone who buys a computer has to pay x percent of the
+ price as a software tax. The government gives this to an agency
+ like the NSF to spend on software development.</p>
+
+<p>
+ But if the computer buyer makes a donation to software development
+ himself, he can take a credit against the tax. He can donate to
+ the project of his own choosing—often, chosen because he hopes to
+ use the results when it is done. He can take a credit for any
+ amount of donation up to the total tax he had to pay.</p>
+
+<p>
+ The total tax rate could be decided by a vote of the payers of the
+ tax, weighted according to the amount they will be taxed on.</p>
+
+<p>
+ The consequences:</p>
+
+<ul>
+<li>The computer-using community supports software development.</li>
+<li>This community decides what level of support is needed.</li>
+<li>Users who care which projects their share is spent on can
+ choose this for themselves.</li>
+</ul>
+<p>
+ In the long run, making programs free is a step toward the
+postscarcity world, where nobody will have to work very hard just to
+make a living. People will be free to devote themselves to activities
+that are fun, such as programming, after spending the necessary ten
+hours a week on required tasks such as legislation, family counseling,
+robot repair and asteroid prospecting. There will be no need to be
+able to make a living from programming.</p>
+
+<p>
+ We have already greatly reduced the amount of work that the whole
+society must do for its actual productivity, but only a little of this
+has translated itself into leisure for workers because much
+nonproductive activity is required to accompany productive activity.
+The main causes of this are bureaucracy and isometric struggles against
+competition. Free software will greatly reduce these drains in the
+area of software production. We must do this, in order for technical
+gains in productivity to translate into less work for us.</p>
+
+
+<h3 id="footnotes">Footnotes</h3>
+
+<!-- The anchors do not match the actual footnote numbers because of
+ revisions over time. And if a new footnote is added, the references
+ to existing footnotes that follow the new one must be changed. -->
+<ol>
+<li id="f1">The wording here was careless. The intention
+was that nobody would have to pay for <b>permission</b> to use the GNU
+system. But the words don't make this clear, and people often
+interpret them as saying that copies of GNU should always be
+distributed at little or no charge. That was never the intent; later
+on, the manifesto mentions the possibility of companies providing the
+service of distribution for a profit. Subsequently I have learned to
+distinguish carefully between “free” in the sense of
+freedom and “free” in the sense of price. Free software
+is software that users have the freedom to distribute and change.
+Some users may obtain copies at no charge, while others pay to obtain
+copies—and if the funds help support improving the software, so much
+the better. The important thing is that everyone who has a copy has
+the freedom to cooperate with others in using it.</li>
+
+<li id="f2a">The expression “give away” is another
+indication that I had not yet clearly separated the issue of price
+from that of freedom. We now recommend avoiding this expression when
+talking about free software. See
+“<a href="/philosophy/words-to-avoid.html#GiveAwaySoftware">Confusing
+Words and Phrases</a>” for more explanation.</li>
+
+<li id="f2">This is another place I failed to distinguish
+carefully between the two different meanings of “free”.
+The statement as it stands is not false—you can get copies of GNU
+software at no charge, from your friends or over the net. But it does
+suggest the wrong idea.</li>
+
+<li id="f3">Several such companies now exist.</li>
+
+<li id="f4">Although it is a
+charity rather than a company, the Free Software Foundation for 10 years raised
+most of its funds from its distribution service. You
+can <a href="/order/order.html">order things from the FSF</a>
+to support its work.
+</li>
+
+<li id="f5">A group of computer companies pooled funds
+around 1991 to support maintenance of the GNU C Compiler.</li>
+
+<li id="f8">I think I was mistaken in saying that proprietary
+software was the most common basis for making money in software.
+It seems that actually the most common business model was and is
+development of custom software. That does not offer the possibility
+of collecting rents, so the business has to keep doing real work
+in order to keep getting income. The custom software business would
+continue to exist, more or less unchanged, in a free software world.
+Therefore, I no longer expect that most paid programmers would earn less
+in a free software world.</li>
+
+<li id="f6">In the 1980s I had not yet realized how confusing
+it was to speak of “the issue” of “intellectual
+property”. That term is obviously biased; more subtle is the
+fact that it lumps together various disparate laws which raise very
+different issues. Nowadays I urge people to reject the term
+“intellectual property” entirely, lest it lead others to
+suppose that those laws form one coherent issue. The way to be clear
+is to discuss patents, copyrights, and trademarks separately.
+See <a href="/philosophy/not-ipr.html">further explanation</a> of how
+this term spreads confusion and bias.</li>
+
+<li id="f7">Subsequently we learned to distinguish
+between “free software” and “freeware”. The
+term “freeware” means software you are free to
+redistribute, but usually you are not free to study and change the
+source code, so most of it is not free software. See
+“<a href="/philosophy/words-to-avoid.html#Freeware">Confusing
+Words and Phrases</a>” for more explanation.</li>
+
+</ol>
+
+</div><!-- for id="content", starts in the include above -->
+<!--#include virtual="/server/footer.html" -->
+<div id="footer">
+<div class="unprintable">
+
+<p>Please send general FSF & GNU inquiries to
+<a href="mailto:address@hidden";><address@hidden></a>.
+There are also <a href="/contact/">other ways to contact</a>
+the FSF. Broken links and other corrections or suggestions can be sent
+to <a href="mailto:address@hidden";><address@hidden></a>.</p>
+
+<p><!-- TRANSLATORS: Ignore the original text in this paragraph,
+ replace it with the translation of these two:
+
+ We work hard and do our best to provide accurate, good quality
+ translations. However, we are not exempt from imperfection.
+ Please send your comments and general suggestions in this regard
+ to <a href="mailto:address@hidden";>
+ <address@hidden></a>.</p>
+
+ <p>For information on coordinating and submitting translations of
+ our web pages, see <a
+ href="/server/standards/README.translations.html">Translations
+ README</a>. -->
+Please see the <a
+href="/server/standards/README.translations.html">Translations
+README</a> for information on coordinating and submitting translations
+of this article.</p>
+</div>
+
+<!-- Regarding copyright, in general, standalone pages (as opposed to
+ files generated as part of manuals) on the GNU web server should
+ be under CC BY-ND 4.0. Please do NOT change or remove this
+ without talking with the webmasters or licensing team first.
+ Please make sure the copyright date is consistent with the
+ document. For web pages, it is ok to list just the latest year the
+ document was modified, or published.
+
+ If you wish to list earlier years, that is ok too.
+ Either "2001, 2002, 2003" or "2001-2003" are ok for specifying
+ years, as long as each year in the range is in fact a copyrightable
+ year, i.e., a year in which the document was published (including
+ being publicly visible on the web or in a revision control system).
+
+ There is more detail about copyright years in the GNU Maintainers
+ Information document, www.gnu.org/prep/maintain. -->
+
+<p>Copyright © 1985, 1993, 2003, 2005, 2007, 2008, 2009, 2010, 2014, 2015
+Free Software Foundation, Inc.</p>
+
+<p>
+Permission is granted to anyone to make or distribute verbatim copies
+of this document, in any medium, provided that the copyright notice and
+permission notice are preserved, and that the distributor grants the
+recipient permission for further redistribution as permitted by this
+notice.
+<br />
+Modified versions may not be made.
+</p>
+
+<!--#include virtual="/server/bottom-notes.html" -->
+
+<p class="unprintable">Updated:
+<!-- timestamp start -->
+$Date: 2015/12/26 08:58:41 $
+<!-- timestamp end -->
+</p>
+</div>
+</div>
+</body>
+</html>
Index: gnu/po/why-gnu-linux.uk-en.html
===================================================================
RCS file: gnu/po/why-gnu-linux.uk-en.html
diff -N gnu/po/why-gnu-linux.uk-en.html
--- /dev/null 1 Jan 1970 00:00:00 -0000
+++ gnu/po/why-gnu-linux.uk-en.html 26 Dec 2015 08:58:41 -0000 1.1
@@ -0,0 +1,263 @@
+<!--#include virtual="/server/header.html" -->
+<!-- Parent-Version: 1.77 -->
+<title>Why GNU/Linux?
+- GNU Project - Free Software Foundation</title>
+<!--#include virtual="/gnu/po/why-gnu-linux.translist" -->
+<!--#include virtual="/server/banner.html" -->
+<h2>What's in a Name?</h2>
+
+<p><strong>by <a href="http://www.stallman.org/";>Richard
Stallman</a></strong></p>
+
+<div class="announcement">
+ <blockquote><p>To learn more about this issue, you can read
+our <a href="/gnu/gnu-linux-faq.html">GNU/Linux FAQ</a>, our page on
+<a href="/gnu/linux-and-gnu.html">Linux and the GNU Project</a>, which gives a
history of the GNU/Linux system as it relates to this issue of naming,
+and our page on <a href="/gnu/gnu-users-never-heard-of-gnu.html">GNU
+Users Who Have Never Heard of GNU</a>.
+
+</p></blockquote>
+</div>
+
+<p>
+Names convey meanings; our choice of names determines the meaning of
+what we say. An inappropriate name gives people the wrong idea. A
+rose by any other name would smell as sweet—but if you call it a pen,
+people will be rather disappointed when they try to write with it.
+And if you call pens “roses”, people may not realize what
+they are good for. If you call our operating system
+Linux, that conveys a mistaken idea of the system's
+origin, history, and purpose. If you call
+it <a href="/gnu/linux-and-gnu.html">GNU/Linux</a>, that conveys
+(though not in detail) an accurate idea.</p>
+<p>
+Does this really matter for our community? Is it important whether people
+know the system's origin, history, and purpose? Yes—because people
+who forget history are often condemned to repeat it. The Free World
+that has developed around <a href="/gnu/linux-and-gnu.html">GNU/Linux</a>
+is not guaranteed to survive; the problems that
+led us to develop GNU are not completely eradicated, and they threaten
+to come back.</p>
+
+<p>
+When I explain why it's appropriate to call the operating system
+GNU/Linux rather than Linux, people
+sometimes respond this way:</p>
+
+<blockquote><p>
+<em>
+ Granted that the GNU Project deserves credit for this work, is
+ it really worth a fuss when people don't give credit? Isn't the
+ important thing that the job was done, not who did it? You
+ ought to relax, take pride in the job well done, and not worry
+ about the credit.
+</em>
+</p></blockquote>
+<p>
+This would be wise advice, if only the situation were like that—if
+the job were done and it were time to relax. If only that were true!
+But challenges abound, and this is no time to take the future for
+granted. Our community's strength rests on commitment to freedom and
+cooperation. Using the name <a href="/gnu/linux-and-gnu.html">GNU/Linux</a>
+is a way for people to remind
+themselves and inform others of these goals.</p>
+
+<p>
+It is possible to write good free software without thinking of GNU;
+much good work has been done in the name of Linux also. But the term
+“Linux” has been associated ever since it was first coined
+with a philosophy that does not make a commitment to the freedom to
+cooperate. As the name is increasingly used by business, we will
+have even more trouble making it connect with community spirit.</p>
+
+<p>
+A great challenge to the future of free software comes from the
+tendency of the “Linux” distribution companies to add
+nonfree software to <a href="/gnu/linux-and-gnu.html">GNU/Linux</a>
+in the name of convenience and power. All the major commercial
+distribution developers do this; none limits itself to free software.
+Most of them do not clearly identify the nonfree
+packages in their distributions. Many even develop nonfree software
+and add it to the system. Some outrageously advertise
+“Linux” systems that are “licensed per seat”,
+which give the user as much freedom as Microsoft Windows.</p>
+
+<p>
+People try to justify adding nonfree software in the name of the
+“popularity of Linux”—in effect, valuing popularity above
+freedom. Sometimes this is openly admitted. For instance, Wired
+Magazine said that Robert McMillan, editor of Linux Magazine, “feels
+that the move toward open source software should be fueled by
+technical, rather than political, decisions.” And Caldera's
+<acronym title="Chief Executive Officer">CEO</acronym> openly urged
+users
+to <a href="http://www.zdnet.com/stallman-love-is-not-free-3002091004/";>drop
+the goal of freedom and work instead for the “popularity of
+Linux”</a>.</p>
+
+<p>
+Adding nonfree software to the <a
+href="/gnu/linux-and-gnu.html">GNU/Linux</a> system may increase the
+popularity, if by popularity we mean the number of people using some
+of <a href="/gnu/linux-and-gnu.html">GNU/Linux</a> in combination with
+nonfree software. But at the same time, it implicitly encourages the
+community to accept nonfree software as a good thing, and forget the
+goal of freedom. It is not good to drive faster if you can't stay on the
+road.</p>
+
+<p>
+When the nonfree “add-on” is a library or programming
+tool, it can become a trap for free software developers. When they
+write free software that depends on the nonfree package, their
+software cannot be part of a completely free system. Motif and Qt
+trapped large amounts of free software in this way in the past,
+creating problems whose solutions took years. Motif remained somewhat
+of a problem until it became obsolete and was no longer used. Later,
+Sun's nonfree Java implementation had a similar effect:
+the <a href="/philosophy/java-trap.html">Java Trap</a>, fortunately now
+mostly corrected.</p>
+
+<p>
+If our community keeps moving in this direction, it could redirect the
+future of <a href="/gnu/linux-and-gnu.html">GNU/Linux</a> into a mosaic of
free and nonfree components.
+Five years from now, we will surely still have plenty of free
+software; but if we are not careful, it will hardly be usable without
+the nonfree software that users expect to find with it. If this
+happens, our campaign for freedom will have failed.</p>
+
+<p>
+If releasing free alternatives were simply a matter of programming,
+solving future problems might become easier as our community's
+development resources increase. But we face obstacles that threaten
+to make this harder: laws that prohibit free software. As software
+patents mount up, and as laws like the
+<acronym title="Digital Millennium Copyright Act">DMCA</acronym> are
+used to prohibit the development of free software for important jobs
+such as viewing a DVD or listening to a RealAudio stream, we will find
+ourselves with no clear way to fight the patented and secret data
+formats except to <strong>reject the nonfree programs that use
+them</strong>.</p>
+
+<p>
+Meeting these challenges will require many different kinds of effort.
+But what we need above all, to confront any kind of challenge, is to
+remember the goal of freedom to cooperate. We can't expect a mere
+desire for powerful, reliable software to motivate people to make
+great efforts. We need the kind of determination that people have
+when they fight for their freedom and their community—determination
+to keep on for years and not give up.</p>
+
+<p>
+In our community, this goal and this determination emanate mainly from
+the GNU Project. We're the ones who talk about freedom and community
+as something to stand firm for; the organizations that speak of
+“Linux” normally don't say this. The magazines about
+“Linux” are typically full of ads for nonfree software;
+the companies that package “Linux” add nonfree software
+to the system; other companies “support Linux” by
+developing nonfree applications to run on GNU/Linux; the user groups
+for “Linux” typically invite salesman to present those
+applications. The main place people in our community are likely to
+come across the idea of freedom and determination is in the GNU
+Project.</p>
+
+<p>
+But when people come across it, will they feel it relates to them?</p>
+
+<p>
+People who know they are using a system that came out of the GNU
+Project can see a direct relationship between themselves and GNU.
+They won't automatically agree with our philosophy, but at least they
+will see a reason to think seriously about it. In contrast, people
+who consider themselves “Linux users”, and believe that
+the GNU Project “developed tools which proved to be useful in
+Linux”, typically perceive only an indirect relationship between
+GNU and themselves. They may just ignore the GNU philosophy when they
+come across it.</p>
+
+<p>
+The GNU Project is idealistic, and anyone encouraging idealism today
+faces a great obstacle: the prevailing ideology encourages people to
+dismiss idealism as “impractical”. Our idealism has been
+extremely practical: it is the reason we have a
+free <a href="/gnu/linux-and-gnu.html">GNU/Linux</a> operating system.
+People who love this system ought to know that it is our idealism made
+real.</p>
+
+<p>
+If “the job” really were done, if there were nothing at
+stake except credit, perhaps it would be wiser to let the matter drop.
+But we are not in that position. To inspire people to do the work
+that needs to be done, we need to be recognized for what we have
+already done. Please help us, by calling the operating
+system <a href="/gnu/linux-and-gnu.html">GNU/Linux</a>.</p>
+
+<hr />
+<blockquote id="fsfs"><p class="big">This essay is published in
+<a href="http://shop.fsf.org/product/free-software-free-society/";>
+<cite>Free Software, Free Society: The Selected Essays of Richard
+M. Stallman</cite></a>.</p></blockquote>
+
+</div><!-- for id="content", starts in the include above -->
+<!--#include virtual="/server/footer.html" -->
+<div id="footer">
+<div class="unprintable">
+
+<p>Please send general FSF & GNU inquiries to
+<a href="mailto:address@hidden";><address@hidden></a>.
+There are also <a href="/contact/">other ways to contact</a>
+the FSF. Broken links and other corrections or suggestions can be sent
+to <a href="mailto:address@hidden";><address@hidden></a>.</p>
+
+<p><!-- TRANSLATORS: Ignore the original text in this paragraph,
+ replace it with the translation of these two:
+
+ We work hard and do our best to provide accurate, good quality
+ translations. However, we are not exempt from imperfection.
+ Please send your comments and general suggestions in this regard
+ to <a href="mailto:address@hidden";>
+ <address@hidden></a>.</p>
+
+ <p>For information on coordinating and submitting translations of
+ our web pages, see <a
+ href="/server/standards/README.translations.html">Translations
+ README</a>. -->
+Please see the <a
+href="/server/standards/README.translations.html">Translations
+README</a> for information on coordinating and submitting translations
+of this article.</p>
+</div>
+
+<!-- Regarding copyright, in general, standalone pages (as opposed to
+ files generated as part of manuals) on the GNU web server should
+ be under CC BY-ND 4.0. Please do NOT change or remove this
+ without talking with the webmasters or licensing team first.
+ Please make sure the copyright date is consistent with the
+ document. For web pages, it is ok to list just the latest year the
+ document was modified, or published.
+
+ If you wish to list earlier years, that is ok too.
+ Either "2001, 2002, 2003" or "2001-2003" are ok for specifying
+ years, as long as each year in the range is in fact a copyrightable
+ year, i.e., a year in which the document was published (including
+ being publicly visible on the web or in a revision control system).
+
+ There is more detail about copyright years in the GNU Maintainers
+ Information document, www.gnu.org/prep/maintain. -->
+
+<p>Copyright © 2000, 2006, 2007, 2014, 2015 Richard Stallman</p>
+
+<p>This page is licensed under a <a rel="license"
+href="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nd/4.0/";>Creative
+Commons Attribution-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License</a>.</p>
+
+<!--#include virtual="/server/bottom-notes.html" -->
+
+<p class="unprintable">Updated:
+<!-- timestamp start -->
+$Date: 2015/12/26 08:58:41 $
+<!-- timestamp end -->
+</p>
+</div>
+</div>
+</body>
+</html>
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