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www/philosophy enforcing-gpl.ru.html philosophy...
From: |
GNUN |
Subject: |
www/philosophy enforcing-gpl.ru.html philosophy... |
Date: |
Wed, 27 Nov 2013 15:29:06 +0000 |
CVSROOT: /web/www
Module name: www
Changes by: GNUN <gnun> 13/11/27 15:29:06
Modified files:
philosophy : enforcing-gpl.ru.html philosophy.ru.html
philosophy/po : enforcing-gpl.ru-en.html enforcing-gpl.ru.po
luispo-rms-interview.translist
philosophy.ru-en.html philosophy.ru.po
Added files:
philosophy : luispo-rms-interview.ru.html
philosophy/po : luispo-rms-interview.ru-en.html
Log message:
Automatic update by GNUnited Nations.
CVSWeb URLs:
http://web.cvs.savannah.gnu.org/viewcvs/www/philosophy/enforcing-gpl.ru.html?cvsroot=www&r1=1.26&r2=1.27
http://web.cvs.savannah.gnu.org/viewcvs/www/philosophy/philosophy.ru.html?cvsroot=www&r1=1.32&r2=1.33
http://web.cvs.savannah.gnu.org/viewcvs/www/philosophy/luispo-rms-interview.ru.html?cvsroot=www&rev=1.1
http://web.cvs.savannah.gnu.org/viewcvs/www/philosophy/po/enforcing-gpl.ru-en.html?cvsroot=www&r1=1.16&r2=1.17
http://web.cvs.savannah.gnu.org/viewcvs/www/philosophy/po/enforcing-gpl.ru.po?cvsroot=www&r1=1.13&r2=1.14
http://web.cvs.savannah.gnu.org/viewcvs/www/philosophy/po/luispo-rms-interview.translist?cvsroot=www&r1=1.8&r2=1.9
http://web.cvs.savannah.gnu.org/viewcvs/www/philosophy/po/philosophy.ru-en.html?cvsroot=www&r1=1.23&r2=1.24
http://web.cvs.savannah.gnu.org/viewcvs/www/philosophy/po/philosophy.ru.po?cvsroot=www&r1=1.20&r2=1.21
http://web.cvs.savannah.gnu.org/viewcvs/www/philosophy/po/luispo-rms-interview.ru-en.html?cvsroot=www&rev=1.1
Patches:
Index: enforcing-gpl.ru.html
===================================================================
RCS file: /web/www/www/philosophy/enforcing-gpl.ru.html,v
retrieving revision 1.26
retrieving revision 1.27
diff -u -b -r1.26 -r1.27
--- enforcing-gpl.ru.html 31 Aug 2013 20:11:56 -0000 1.26
+++ enforcing-gpl.ru.html 27 Nov 2013 15:29:05 -0000 1.27
@@ -1,17 +1,13 @@
+
<!--#include virtual="/server/header.ru.html" -->
+<!-- Parent-Version: 1.75 -->
<!-- This file is automatically generated by GNUnited Nations! -->
<!--#set var="ENGLISH_PAGE" value="/philosophy/enforcing-gpl.en.html" -->
<title>ЮÑидиÑеÑÐºÐ°Ñ Ñила GNU GPL - ÐÑÐ¾ÐµÐºÑ GNU - Фонд
Ñвободного пÑогÑаммного
-обеÑпеÑÐµÐ½Ð¸Ñ (ФСÐÐ)</title>
-<meta http-equiv="Keywords" content="GNU, ФСÐÐ, Фонд
Ñвободного пÑогÑаммного обеÑпеÑениÑ, Linux,
наÑÑÑение, gpl,
-ÑÑандаÑÑÐ½Ð°Ñ Ð¾Ð±ÑеÑÑÐ²ÐµÐ½Ð½Ð°Ñ Ð»Ð¸ÑензиÑ,
ÑÑидиÑеÑÐºÐ°Ñ Ñила, Ñвобода, пÑогÑаммÑ,
-Ðбен, Ðоглен, Ðбен Ðоглен, Ðлена ТÑпкина" />
-<meta http-equiv="Description" content="Ð ÑÑом оÑеÑке Ðбен
Ðоглен, ÑÑидиÑеÑкий конÑÑлÑÑÐ°Ð½Ñ Ð¤Ð¡ÐÐ,
ÑаÑÑказÑÐ²Ð°ÐµÑ Ð¾ Ñом,
-как обÑÑно пÑоводиÑÑÑ ÑÑÑÑанение
наÑÑÑений СÑандаÑÑной обÑеÑÑвенной
лиÑензии
-GNU." />
+обеÑпеÑениÑ</title>
<!--#include virtual="/philosophy/po/enforcing-gpl.translist" -->
<!--#include virtual="/server/banner.ru.html" -->
@@ -214,17 +210,32 @@
</div>
</div>
+<!-- for id="content", starts in the include above -->
<!--#include virtual="/server/footer.ru.html" -->
<div id="footer">
-<p>ÐожалÑйÑÑа, пÑиÑÑлайÑе запÑоÑÑ ÑÐ¾Ð½Ð´Ñ Ð¸ GNU
по адÑеÑÑ <a
+<p>ÐожалÑйÑÑа, пÑиÑÑлайÑе обÑие запÑоÑÑ
ÑÐ¾Ð½Ð´Ñ Ð¸ GNU по адÑеÑÑ <a
href="mailto:address@hidden"><address@hidden></a>. ÐÑÑÑ Ñакже <a
-href="/contact/">дÑÑгие ÑпоÑÐ¾Ð±Ñ ÑвÑзаÑÑÑÑ</a> Ñ
Ñондом.<br />
-ÐожалÑйÑÑа, пÑиÑÑлайÑе оÑÑеÑÑ Ð¾
неÑабоÑаÑÑиÑ
ÑÑÑлкаÑ
и дÑÑгие попÑавки или
-пÑÐµÐ´Ð»Ð¾Ð¶ÐµÐ½Ð¸Ñ Ð¿Ð¾ адÑеÑÑ <a
-href="mailto:address@hidden"><address@hidden></a>.</p>
-
-<p>ÐÑ ÑÑаÑалиÑÑ ÑделаÑÑ ÑÑÐ¾Ñ Ð¿ÐµÑевод ÑоÑнÑм
и каÑеÑÑвеннÑм, но иÑклÑÑиÑÑ
+href="/contact/">дÑÑгие ÑпоÑÐ¾Ð±Ñ ÑвÑзаÑÑÑÑ</a> Ñ
Ñондом. ÐÑÑеÑÑ Ð¾
+неÑабоÑаÑÑиÑ
ÑÑÑлкаÑ
и дÑÑгие попÑавки
или пÑÐµÐ´Ð»Ð¾Ð¶ÐµÐ½Ð¸Ñ Ð¼Ð¾Ð¶Ð½Ð¾ пÑиÑÑлаÑÑ Ð¿Ð¾
+адÑеÑÑ <a href="mailto:address@hidden"><address@hidden></a>.</p>
+
+<p>
+<!-- TRANSLATORS: Ignore the original text in this paragraph,
+ replace it with the translation of these two:
+
+ We work hard and do our best to provide accurate, good quality
+ translations. However, we are not exempt from imperfection.
+ Please send your comments and general suggestions in this regard
+ to <a href="mailto:address@hidden">
+
+ <address@hidden></a>.</p>
+
+ <p>For information on coordinating and submitting translations of
+ our web pages, see <a
+ href="/server/standards/README.translations.html">Translations
+ README</a>. -->
+ÐÑ ÑÑаÑалиÑÑ ÑделаÑÑ ÑÑÐ¾Ñ Ð¿ÐµÑевод ÑоÑнÑм и
каÑеÑÑвеннÑм, но иÑклÑÑиÑÑ
возможноÑÑÑ Ð¾Ñибки Ð¼Ñ Ð½Ðµ можем.
ÐÑиÑÑлайÑе, пожалÑйÑÑа, Ñвои замеÑÐ°Ð½Ð¸Ñ Ð¸
пÑÐµÐ´Ð»Ð¾Ð¶ÐµÐ½Ð¸Ñ Ð¿Ð¾ пеÑÐµÐ²Ð¾Ð´Ñ Ð¿Ð¾ адÑеÑÑ <a
href="mailto:address@hidden"><address@hidden></a>.
@@ -249,12 +260,11 @@
<p><!-- timestamp start -->
Ðбновлено:
-$Date: 2013/08/31 20:11:56 $
+$Date: 2013/11/27 15:29:05 $
<!-- timestamp end -->
</p>
</div>
-
</div>
</body>
</html>
Index: philosophy.ru.html
===================================================================
RCS file: /web/www/www/philosophy/philosophy.ru.html,v
retrieving revision 1.32
retrieving revision 1.33
diff -u -b -r1.32 -r1.33
--- philosophy.ru.html 31 Aug 2013 20:12:29 -0000 1.32
+++ philosophy.ru.html 27 Nov 2013 15:29:05 -0000 1.33
@@ -53,9 +53,11 @@
<!-- from philosophy.fr.html and the original documents. -mhatta -->
<ul>
<li><a href="/philosophy/free-sw.html">ЧÑо Ñакое ÑвободнаÑ
пÑогÑамма?</a></li>
+ <li><a href="/philosophy/free-software-even-more-important.html">
ÐоÑÐµÐ¼Ñ Ð¼Ñ
+Ð´Ð¾Ð»Ð¶Ð½Ñ Ð½Ð°ÑÑаиваÑÑ Ð½Ð° ÑвободнÑÑ
пÑогÑаммаÑ
</a></li>
+ <li><a href="/philosophy/proprietary.html"> ÐеÑвободнÑе
пÑогÑÐ°Ð¼Ð¼Ñ ÑаÑÑо
+вÑедоноÑнÑ</a></li>
<li><a href="/gnu/gnu.html">ÐÑÑоÑÐ¸Ñ GNU/Linux</a></li>
- <li><a href="/philosophy/why-free.html">ÐоÑÐµÐ¼Ñ Ñ Ð¿ÑогÑамм
не должно бÑÑÑ
-владелÑÑев</a></li>
<li><a href="/philosophy/pragmatic.html">ÐвÑоÑÑкое лево:
пÑагмаÑиÑеÑкий
идеализм</a></li>
<li><a href="/philosophy/free-doc.html">ÐоÑÐµÐ¼Ñ ÑвободнÑм
пÑогÑаммам нÑжна
@@ -73,6 +75,7 @@
ÑÐ²Ð¾Ð±Ð¾Ð´Ð½Ð°Ñ Ð¿ÑогÑамма (пÑакÑиÑеÑки) не
лÑÑÑе</a></li>
<li><a href="/philosophy/government-free-software.html">ÐеÑÑ,
коÑоÑÑе
пÑавиÑелÑÑÑва могÑÑ Ð¿ÑинимаÑÑ Ð´Ð»Ñ
поддеÑжки ÑвободнÑÑ
пÑогÑамм</a></li>
+ <li><a href="/education/education.html">СвободнÑе
пÑогÑÐ°Ð¼Ð¼Ñ Ð² обÑазовании</a></li>
</ul>
<p>
@@ -164,7 +167,7 @@
<p><!-- timestamp start -->
Ðбновлено:
-$Date: 2013/08/31 20:12:29 $
+$Date: 2013/11/27 15:29:05 $
<!-- timestamp end -->
</p>
Index: po/enforcing-gpl.ru-en.html
===================================================================
RCS file: /web/www/www/philosophy/po/enforcing-gpl.ru-en.html,v
retrieving revision 1.16
retrieving revision 1.17
diff -u -b -r1.16 -r1.17
--- po/enforcing-gpl.ru-en.html 18 May 2013 06:43:19 -0000 1.16
+++ po/enforcing-gpl.ru-en.html 27 Nov 2013 15:29:05 -0000 1.17
@@ -1,8 +1,7 @@
<!--#include virtual="/server/header.html" -->
+<!-- Parent-Version: 1.75 -->
<title>Enforcing the GNU GPL
-- GNU Project - Free Software Foundation (FSF)</title>
-<meta http-equiv="Keywords" content="GNU, FSF, Free Software Foundation,
Linux, violation, general, public, license, gpl, general public license,
enforcing, freedom, software, Eben, Moglen, Eben Moglen" />
-<meta http-equiv="Description" content="In his essay, Enforcing the GNU GPL,
Eben Moglen, legal counsel to the FSF, talks about how enforcement of the GNU
General Public License is typically carried out." />
+- GNU Project - Free Software Foundation</title>
<!--#include virtual="/philosophy/po/enforcing-gpl.translist" -->
<!--#include virtual="/server/banner.html" -->
<h2>Enforcing the GNU GPL</h2>
@@ -186,21 +185,32 @@
Law School. He serves without fee as General Counsel of the Free Software
Foundation.
</cite></p>
-</div>
-
+</div><!-- for id="content", starts in the include above -->
<!--#include virtual="/server/footer.html" -->
<div id="footer">
-<p>Please send FSF & GNU inquiries to
-<a href="mailto:address@hidden"><address@hidden></a>.
-There are also <a href="/contact/">other ways to contact</a> the FSF.<br />
-Please send broken links and other corrections or suggestions to
-<a href="mailto:address@hidden"><address@hidden></a>.</p>
-
-<p>Please see the
-<a href="/server/standards/README.translations.html">Translations
-README</a> for information on coordinating and submitting
-translations of this article.</p>
+<p>Please send general FSF & GNU inquiries to <a
+href="mailto:address@hidden"><address@hidden></a>. There are also <a
+href="/contact/">other ways to contact</a> the FSF. Broken links and other
+corrections or suggestions can be sent to <a
+href="mailto:address@hidden"><address@hidden></a>.</p>
+
+<p><!-- TRANSLATORS: Ignore the original text in this paragraph,
+ replace it with the translation of these two:
+
+ We work hard and do our best to provide accurate, good quality
+ translations. However, we are not exempt from imperfection.
+ Please send your comments and general suggestions in this regard
+ to <a href="mailto:address@hidden">
+ <address@hidden></a>.</p>
+
+ <p>For information on coordinating and submitting translations of
+ our web pages, see <a
+ href="/server/standards/README.translations.html">Translations
+ README</a>. -->
+Please see the <a
+href="/server/standards/README.translations.html">Translations README</a> for
+information on coordinating and submitting translations of this article.</p>
<p>Copyright © 2001 Eben Moglen</p>
@@ -211,11 +221,10 @@
<p>Updated:
<!-- timestamp start -->
-$Date: 2013/05/18 06:43:19 $
+$Date: 2013/11/27 15:29:05 $
<!-- timestamp end -->
</p>
</div>
-
</div>
</body>
</html>
Index: po/enforcing-gpl.ru.po
===================================================================
RCS file: /web/www/www/philosophy/po/enforcing-gpl.ru.po,v
retrieving revision 1.13
retrieving revision 1.14
diff -u -b -r1.13 -r1.14
--- po/enforcing-gpl.ru.po 27 Nov 2013 15:18:20 -0000 1.13
+++ po/enforcing-gpl.ru.po 27 Nov 2013 15:29:05 -0000 1.14
@@ -17,14 +17,11 @@
"MIME-Version: 1.0\n"
"Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8\n"
"Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit\n"
-"Outdated-Since: 2013-11-26 20:55+0000\n"
"Plural-Forms: nplurals=3; plural=(n%10==1 && n%100!=11 ? 0 : n%10>=2 && n"
"%10<=4 && (n%100<10 || n%100>=20) ? 1 : 2);\n"
# type: Content of: <title>
#. type: Content of: <title>
-# | Enforcing the GNU GPL - GNU Project - Free Software Foundation [-(FSF)-]
-#| msgid "Enforcing the GNU GPL - GNU Project - Free Software Foundation (FSF)"
msgid "Enforcing the GNU GPL - GNU Project - Free Software Foundation"
msgstr ""
"ЮÑидиÑеÑÐºÐ°Ñ Ñила GNU GPL - ÐÑÐ¾ÐµÐºÑ GNU - Фонд
Ñвободного пÑогÑаммного "
Index: po/luispo-rms-interview.translist
===================================================================
RCS file: /web/www/www/philosophy/po/luispo-rms-interview.translist,v
retrieving revision 1.8
retrieving revision 1.9
diff -u -b -r1.8 -r1.9
--- po/luispo-rms-interview.translist 25 Jun 2013 07:02:40 -0000 1.8
+++ po/luispo-rms-interview.translist 27 Nov 2013 15:29:06 -0000 1.9
@@ -4,6 +4,7 @@
<p>
<span dir="ltr" class="original"><a lang="en" hreflang="en"
href="/philosophy/luispo-rms-interview.en.html">English</a> [en]</span>
<span dir="ltr"><a lang="fr" hreflang="fr"
href="/philosophy/luispo-rms-interview.fr.html">français</a> [fr]</span>
+<span dir="ltr"><a lang="ru" hreflang="ru"
href="/philosophy/luispo-rms-interview.ru.html">ÑÑÑÑкий</a> [ru]</span>
<span dir="ltr"><a lang="zh-cn" hreflang="zh-cn"
href="/philosophy/luispo-rms-interview.zh-cn.html">ç®ä½ä¸æ</a> [zh-cn]</span>
<span dir="ltr"><a lang="zh-tw" hreflang="zh-tw"
href="/philosophy/luispo-rms-interview.zh-tw.html">ç¹é«ä¸æ</a> [zh-tw]</span>
</p>
Index: po/philosophy.ru-en.html
===================================================================
RCS file: /web/www/www/philosophy/po/philosophy.ru-en.html,v
retrieving revision 1.23
retrieving revision 1.24
diff -u -b -r1.23 -r1.24
--- po/philosophy.ru-en.html 18 Jun 2013 11:28:48 -0000 1.23
+++ po/philosophy.ru-en.html 27 Nov 2013 15:29:06 -0000 1.24
@@ -48,9 +48,11 @@
<ul>
<li><a href="/philosophy/free-sw.html">What is Free Software?</a></li>
+ <li><a href="/philosophy/free-software-even-more-important.html">
+ Why we must insist on free software</a></li>
+ <li><a href="/philosophy/proprietary.html">
+ Proprietary software is often malware</a></li>
<li><a href="/gnu/gnu.html">History of GNU/Linux</a></li>
- <li><a href="/philosophy/why-free.html">Why
- Software Should Not Have Owners</a></li>
<li><a href="/philosophy/pragmatic.html">Copyleft: Pragmatic
Idealism</a></li>
<li><a href="/philosophy/free-doc.html">Why Free Software Needs
Free Documentation</a></li>
@@ -63,6 +65,7 @@
"Open Source" misses the point of Free Software</a></li>
<li><a
href="/philosophy/when_free_software_isnt_practically_better.html">When Free
Software Isn't (Practically) Better</a></li>
<li><a href="/philosophy/government-free-software.html">Measures governments
can use to promote free software</a></li>
+ <li><a href="/education/education.html">Free software in education</a></li>
</ul>
<p>
@@ -132,7 +135,7 @@
<p>Updated:
<!-- timestamp start -->
-$Date: 2013/06/18 11:28:48 $
+$Date: 2013/11/27 15:29:06 $
<!-- timestamp end -->
</p>
</div>
Index: po/philosophy.ru.po
===================================================================
RCS file: /web/www/www/philosophy/po/philosophy.ru.po,v
retrieving revision 1.20
retrieving revision 1.21
diff -u -b -r1.20 -r1.21
--- po/philosophy.ru.po 27 Nov 2013 15:18:21 -0000 1.20
+++ po/philosophy.ru.po 27 Nov 2013 15:29:06 -0000 1.21
@@ -15,7 +15,6 @@
"MIME-Version: 1.0\n"
"Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8\n"
"Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit\n"
-"Outdated-Since: 2013-11-26 13:56+0000\n"
"Plural-Forms: nplurals=3; plural=(n%10==1 && n%100!=11 ? 0 : n%10>=2 && n"
"%10<=4 && (n%100<10 || n%100>=20) ? 1 : 2);\n"
@@ -97,26 +96,14 @@
"<a href=\"/philosophy/free-sw.html\">ЧÑо Ñакое ÑвободнаÑ
пÑогÑамма?</a>"
#. type: Content of: <ul><li>
-# | <a [-href=\"/philosophy/open-source-misses-the-point.html\">Why \"Open
-# | Source\" misses the point of Free Software</a>-]
-# | {+href=\"/philosophy/free-software-even-more-important.html\"> Why we must
-# | insist on free software</a>+}
-#| msgid ""
-#| "<a href=\"/philosophy/open-source-misses-the-point.html\">Why \"Open "
-#| "Source\" misses the point of Free Software</a>"
msgid ""
"<a href=\"/philosophy/free-software-even-more-important.html\"> Why we must "
"insist on free software</a>"
msgstr ""
-"<a href=\"/philosophy/free-software-even-more-important.html\"> ÐоÑÐµÐ¼Ñ "
-"Ð¼Ñ Ð´Ð¾Ð»Ð¶Ð½Ñ Ð½Ð°ÑÑаиваÑÑ Ð½Ð° ÑвободнÑÑ
пÑогÑаммаÑ
</a>"
+"<a href=\"/philosophy/free-software-even-more-important.html\"> ÐоÑемÑ
Ð¼Ñ "
+"Ð´Ð¾Ð»Ð¶Ð½Ñ Ð½Ð°ÑÑаиваÑÑ Ð½Ð° ÑвободнÑÑ
пÑогÑаммаÑ
</a>"
#. type: Content of: <ul><li>
-# | <a [-href=\"/philosophy/practical.html\">The advantages of free
-# | software</a>-] {+href=\"/philosophy/proprietary.html\"> Proprietary
-# | software is often malware</a>+}
-#| msgid ""
-#| "<a href=\"/philosophy/practical.html\">The advantages of free software</a>"
msgid ""
"<a href=\"/philosophy/proprietary.html\"> Proprietary software is often "
"malware</a>"
@@ -189,9 +176,6 @@
"пÑавиÑелÑÑÑва могÑÑ Ð¿ÑинимаÑÑ Ð´Ð»Ñ
поддеÑжки ÑвободнÑÑ
пÑогÑамм</a>"
#. type: Content of: <ul><li>
-# | <a [-href=\"/education/edu-team.html\">The Education Team</a>-]
-# | {+href=\"/education/education.html\">Free software in education</a>+}
-#| msgid "<a href=\"/education/edu-team.html\">The Education Team</a>"
msgid "<a href=\"/education/education.html\">Free software in education</a>"
msgstr ""
"<a href=\"/education/education.html\">СвободнÑе пÑогÑаммÑ
в обÑазовании</a>"
Index: luispo-rms-interview.ru.html
===================================================================
RCS file: luispo-rms-interview.ru.html
diff -N luispo-rms-interview.ru.html
--- /dev/null 1 Jan 1970 00:00:00 -0000
+++ luispo-rms-interview.ru.html 27 Nov 2013 15:29:05 -0000 1.1
@@ -0,0 +1,481 @@
+
+
+<!--#include virtual="/server/header.ru.html" -->
+<!-- Parent-Version: 1.75 -->
+
+<!-- This file is automatically generated by GNUnited Nations! -->
+ <!--#set var="ENGLISH_PAGE" value="/philosophy/luispo-rms-interview.en.html"
-->
+
+<title>ÐнÑеÑвÑÑ: РиÑаÑд СÑолмен - ÐÑÐ¾ÐµÐºÑ GNU -
Фонд Ñвободного пÑогÑаммного
+обеÑпеÑениÑ</title>
+
+<!--#include virtual="/philosophy/po/luispo-rms-interview.translist" -->
+<!--#include virtual="/server/banner.ru.html" -->
+<h2>ÐнÑеÑвÑÑ: РиÑаÑд СÑолмен</h2>
+
+<p>
+[ÐÑо инÑеÑвÑÑ, коÑоÑое ÐÑÐ¸Ñ Ð¡ÑаÑеÑ-ÐоÑÑ
взÑл Ñ Ð Ð¸ÑаÑда СÑолмена]
+</p>
+
+<p>
+РиÑаÑд СÑолмен — наиболее извеÑÑнÑй
и ÑилÑнÑй пÑакÑик и ÑеоÑеÑик
+<a href="/philosophy/free-sw.html"> ÑвободнÑÑ
пÑогÑамм</a>,
он и ввел ÑÑоÑ
+ÑеÑмин в ÑпоÑÑебление. “СвободнÑй”
ознаÑÐ°ÐµÑ Ð·Ð´ÐµÑÑ ÑÐ²Ð¾Ð±Ð¾Ð´Ñ Ð² Ñом
+же ÑмÑÑле, коÑоÑÑй вкладÑваеÑÑÑ Ð²
вÑÑажение “волÑÐ½Ð°Ñ ÑеÑÑ”, а не
+“беÑплаÑное пиво”. СамÑм извеÑÑнÑм
изобÑеÑением СÑолмена в
+ÑамкаÑ
Ð´Ð²Ð¸Ð¶ÐµÐ½Ð¸Ñ Ð·Ð° “ÑвободнÑе
пÑогÑаммє бÑла, безÑÑловно,
+СÑандаÑÑÐ½Ð°Ñ Ð¾Ð±ÑеÑÑÐ²ÐµÐ½Ð½Ð°Ñ Ð»Ð¸ÑÐµÐ½Ð·Ð¸Ñ GNU (<a
+href="/licenses/gpl.html">GPL</a>), коÑоÑÑÑ Ð¡Ñолмен Ñоздал
+в 1985 Ð³Ð¾Ð´Ñ Ð² каÑеÑÑве обÑей лиÑензии,
коÑоÑÑÑ Ð¼Ð¾Ð¶Ð½Ð¾ пÑименÑÑÑ Ñ
+лÑбой пÑогÑаммой. РлиÑензии оÑоÑмлена
конÑепÑÐ¸Ñ “<a
+href="/copyleft/copyleft.html">авÑоÑÑкого лева</a>”,
“клÑÑевÑÑ
+идеє коÑоÑого СÑолмен опиÑал как
пÑедоÑÑавление “каждомÑ
+ÑазÑеÑÐµÐ½Ð¸Ñ Ð²ÑполнÑÑÑ Ð¿ÑогÑаммÑ,
копиÑоваÑÑ Ð¿ÑогÑаммÑ, изменÑÑÑ Ð¿ÑогÑÐ°Ð¼Ð¼Ñ Ð¸
+ÑаÑпÑоÑÑÑанÑÑÑ Ð¸Ð·Ð¼ÐµÐ½ÐµÐ½Ð½Ñе веÑÑии, но не
ÑазÑеÑение добавлÑÑÑ Ñвои
+ÑобÑÑвеннÑе огÑаниÑениÑ. Таким обÑазом,
жизненно важнÑе ÑвободÑ, коÑоÑÑе
+опÑеделÑÑÑ “ÑвободнÑÑ Ð¿ÑогÑаммє,
гаÑанÑиÑÐ¾Ð²Ð°Ð½Ñ ÐºÐ°Ð¶Ð´Ð¾Ð¼Ñ, Ñ ÐºÐ¾Ð³Ð¾
+еÑÑÑ ÐºÐ¾Ð¿Ð¸Ñ; они ÑÑановÑÑÑÑ Ð½ÐµÐ¾ÑÑÑждаемÑми
пÑавами” (СÑолмен.
+“ÐпеÑаÑÐ¸Ð¾Ð½Ð½Ð°Ñ ÑиÑÑема GNU и движение за
ÑвободнÑе пÑогÑаммє в
+ÑбоÑнике ÐÐ¸Ð±Ð¾Ð½Ñ <cite>ÐÑкÑÑÑÑе иÑÑ
однÑе
ÑекÑÑÑ: ÐолоÑа ÑеволÑÑии оÑкÑÑÑого
+иÑÑ
одного ÑекÑÑа</cite>)
+</p>
+<p>
+С ÑеÑ
Ð¿Ð¾Ñ Ð²ÑÑÐºÐ°Ñ Ð»Ð¸ÑÐµÐ½Ð·Ð¸Ñ ÑвободнÑÑ
пÑогÑамм, веÑоÑÑно, обÑзана Ñвоим
+ÑÑÑеÑÑвованием конÑепÑии СÑолмена, в Ñом
ÑиÑле лиÑензии, ÑпÑавлÑÑÑие
+пÑогÑаммами OpenOffice.org. РабоÑа СÑолмена,
конеÑно, Ð¸Ð¼ÐµÐµÑ Ð±ÐµÑÑпоÑное
+пÑакÑиÑеÑкое знаÑение. РкÑаÑкий ÑпиÑок
его доÑÑижений в пÑогÑаммиÑовании
+вÑ
одил Ð±Ñ Emacs, а Ñакже болÑÑинÑÑво
компоненÑов ÑиÑÑÐµÐ¼Ñ GNU/Linux, коÑоÑÑе
+он либо пиÑал, либо помогал пиÑаÑÑ.
Ð 1990 Ð³Ð¾Ð´Ñ Ð¡Ñолмен полÑÑил
+ÑÑÐ¸Ð¿ÐµÐ½Ð´Ð¸Ñ <a
href="http://www.macfound.org/programs/fel/fel_overview.htm">
+Фонда Ðак-ÐÑÑÑÑа</a>; он воÑполÑзовалÑÑ
пÑедоÑÑавленнÑми ÐµÐ¼Ñ ÑÑедÑÑвами длÑ
+пÑÐ¾Ð´Ð¾Ð»Ð¶ÐµÐ½Ð¸Ñ Ñвоей ÑабоÑÑ Ð¿Ð¾ ÑвободномÑ
пÑогÑÐ°Ð¼Ð¼Ð½Ð¾Ð¼Ñ Ð¾Ð±ÐµÑпеÑÐµÐ½Ð¸Ñ (Ñ
оÑоÑий
+оÑзÑв о Ñоли СÑолмена Ñм. в ÑабоÑе ÐÑди
<cite>ÐÐ¾Ð´ÐµÐºÑ Ð±ÑнÑаÑÑ</cite>).
+</p>
+<p>
+ÐозможноÑÑÑ Ð´Ð»Ñ ÑÑого инÑеÑвÑÑ
пÑедÑÑавилаÑÑ, когда Ñ Ð² мае попал на лекÑиÑ
+СÑолмена в гоÑодке “ÐÑпеÑÑино”
компании Sun. Ð ÑÐ¾Ñ Ñаз Ñ
+попÑоÑил СÑолмена даÑÑ Ð¸Ð½ÑеÑвÑÑ Ð¿Ð¾
ÑлекÑÑонной поÑÑе. Ðн оÑвеÑил ÑоглаÑием,
+и вÑкоÑе Ñ Ð¿Ð¾Ñлал нижепÑиведеннÑй ÑÑд
вопÑоÑов, на коÑоÑÑе он оÑвеÑил, на
+многие доволÑно пÑоÑÑÑанно. Ðднако мои
повÑоÑнÑе попÑÑки поÑеÑпели неÑдаÑÑ,
+Ñак ÑÑо ÑÑо инÑеÑвÑÑ Ð¿ÑедÑÑавлÑÐµÑ Ñобой
ÑолÑко пеÑвÑй подÑ
од. Ðак ÑледÑÑвие,
+Ñ Ð½Ðµ Ñмог пÑойÑиÑÑ Ð¿Ð¾ некоÑоÑÑм инÑеÑеÑнÑм
напÑавлениÑм (и кÑиÑиÑеÑки
+обÑÑдиÑÑ Ð¸Ñ
); Ñ Ñакже по возможноÑÑи
добавил конÑекÑÑнÑе ÑÑÑлки на
+полиÑиÑеÑкие взглÑÐ´Ñ Ð¡Ñолмена. Само Ñобой
ÑазÑмееÑÑÑ, взглÑдÑ
+СÑолмена — ÑÑо его ÑобÑÑвеннÑе
взглÑдÑ, коÑоÑÑе не обÑзаÑелÑно
+пÑедÑÑавлÑÑÑ Ð¼Ð¾Ð¸ взглÑÐ´Ñ Ð¸Ð»Ð¸ позиÑиÑ
OpenOffice.org.
+</p>
+<p>
+Ðа более подÑобнÑми ÑведениÑми ÑиÑаÑели
могÑÑ Ð¾Ð±ÑаÑиÑÑÑÑ Ð½Ð° <a
+href="/home.html">ÑÐ°Ð¹Ñ GNU</a>, а Ñакже <a
href="http://www.stallman.org">
+лиÑнÑй ÑÐ°Ð¹Ñ Ð¡Ñолмена</a>.
+</p>
+
+<blockquote><p>
+ Ð ÑÑом инÑеÑвÑÑ Ñ Ñ
оÑел бÑ
ÑоÑÑедоÑоÑиÑÑÑÑ Ð½Ð° ваÑей ÑекÑÑей ÑабоÑе и
на
+пÑоблемаÑике Ñого, в какого Ñода обÑеÑÑве
нам нÑжно ÑÑÑемиÑÑÑÑ Ð¶Ð¸ÑÑ. Ð
+наÑÑоÑÑий Ð¼Ð¾Ð¼ÐµÐ½Ñ — и на пÑоÑÑжении по
менÑÑей меÑе ÑемнадÑаÑи
+пÑоÑлÑÑ
Ð»ÐµÑ — Ð²Ñ ÑабоÑали главнÑм
обÑазом над Ñем, ÑÑÐ¾Ð±Ñ ÑделаÑÑ
+ÑоÑиалÑнÑÑ Ð¾ÑганизаÑÐ¸Ñ Ð¿ÑименениÑ
пÑогÑамм более ÑÑиÑной.
+</p></blockquote>
+
+<blockquote><p>
+ Ðо, вкÑаÑÑе, ÑÑо Ð²Ñ Ð¿Ð¾Ð´ÑазÑмеваеÑе под
понÑÑием Ñого, ÑÑо Ñ Ð·Ð´ÐµÑÑ Ð½Ð°Ð·ÑваÑ
+более ÑÑиÑнÑм обÑеÑÑвом?
+</p></blockquote>
+
+<p>
+Ðам надо пооÑÑÑÑÑ Ð´ÑÑ
ÑоÑÑÑдниÑеÑÑва, длÑ
ÑÑого нÑжно ÑважаÑÑ ÑвободÑ
+ÑоÑÑÑдниÑеÑÑва дÑÑгиÑ
лÑдей и не поÑакаÑÑ
меÑодам, ÑазделÑÑÑим и подÑинÑÑÑим
+иÑ
.
+</p>
+
+<blockquote><p>
+ ÐÑ Ð¿Ð¾Ð´Ð¾Ñли к оÑÐµÐ½Ñ Ð²Ð°Ð¶Ð½Ð¾Ð¼Ñ Ð²Ð¾Ð¿ÑоÑÑ,
коÑоÑÑй, как Ñ Ð½Ð°Ð´ÐµÑÑÑ, Ð²Ñ ÑазÑÑÑниÑе
+наÑим ÑиÑаÑелÑм. ÐÑÑажение, коÑоÑое вÑ
пÑедпоÑиÑаеÑе, когда опиÑÑваеÑе ÑвоÑ
+ÑÑикÑ,— “ÑвободнÑе пÑогÑаммє, где
Ñлово
+“ÑвободнÑй” знаÑÐ¸Ñ Ð¾ÑÑÑÑÑÑвие
огÑаниÑений, а не беÑплаÑноÑÑÑ. Ðо
+еÑÑÑ Ð²ÑÑажение, коÑоÑое ÑпоÑÑеблÑÐµÑ Ð²Ñе
болÑÑе и болÑÑе лÑдей,—
+“оÑкÑÑÑÑй иÑÑ
однÑй ÑекÑÑ”, оно
ÑовÑем молодое (1998 года)
+и, Ñ Ð²Ð°Ñей ÑоÑки зÑениÑ, оно биÑком набиÑо
ÑеÑÑезнÑми пÑоблемами. ÐÑли иÑ
+ÑÑавниваÑÑ, Ñо вÑÑажение “ÑвободнÑе
пÑогÑаммє подÑазÑмеваеÑ
+жизненнÑÑ ÑÑÐ¸ÐºÑ Ð¸ заклÑÑÐ°ÐµÑ Ð² Ñебе
пеÑÑпекÑÐ¸Ð²Ñ Ð±Ð¾Ð»ÐµÐµ ÑпÑаведливого обÑеÑÑва,
+в оÑлиÑие Ð¾Ñ Ð²ÑоÑого вÑÑажениÑ, вÑÑажениÑ
“оÑкÑÑÑÑй иÑÑ
однÑй
+ÑекÑÑ”.
+</p></blockquote>
+
+<blockquote><p>
+ СпÑаведливо ли ÑÑо? Ðогли Ð±Ñ Ð²Ñ
обÑаÑиÑÑÑÑ Ðº ÑÑÐ¾Ð¼Ñ Ð²Ð¾Ð¿ÑоÑÑ Ð¸ пÑоÑÑниÑÑ
+ÑазлиÑÐ¸Ñ Ð´Ð»Ñ Ð½Ð°ÑиÑ
ÑиÑаÑелей?
+</p></blockquote>
+
+<p>
+ÐÑо ÑовеÑÑенно веÑно. ÐÑо-Ñо однаждÑ
Ñказал об ÑÑом Ñак: оÑкÑÑÑÑй иÑÑ
однÑй
+ÑекÑÑ — меÑодика ÑазÑабоÑки;
ÑвободнÑе пÑогÑÐ°Ð¼Ð¼Ñ —
+ÑилоÑоÑÐ¸Ñ Ð¿Ð¾Ð»Ð¸Ñики (или обÑеÑÑвенное
движение).
+</p>
+<p>
+<a href="http://www.opensource.org">Ðвижение оÑкÑÑÑого иÑÑ
одного ÑекÑÑа</a>
+ÑоÑÑедоÑоÑено на Ñом, ÑÑÐ¾Ð±Ñ ÑбедиÑÑ
деловÑе кÑÑги, ÑÑо они могÑÑ Ð¿Ð¾Ð»ÑÑаÑÑ
+пÑибÑлÑ, ÑÐ²Ð°Ð¶Ð°Ñ ÑÐ²Ð¾Ð±Ð¾Ð´Ñ Ð¿Ð¾Ð»ÑзоваÑелей
изменÑÑÑ Ð¿ÑогÑÐ°Ð¼Ð¼Ñ Ð¸ обмениваÑÑÑÑ
+ими. ÐÑ, ÑÑаÑÑники <a href="http://www.fsf.org/">
Ð´Ð²Ð¸Ð¶ÐµÐ½Ð¸Ñ Ð·Ð° ÑвободнÑе
+пÑогÑаммÑ</a>, Ñеним ÑÑÑ ÑабоÑÑ, но мÑ
ÑбежденÑ, ÑÑо на ÐºÐ¾Ð½Ñ ÑÑÐ¾Ð¸Ñ Ð¸ более
+важнÑй вопÑоÑ: на вÑеÑ
пÑогÑаммиÑÑаÑ
лежиÑ
ÑÑиÑеÑкое обÑзаÑелÑÑÑво ÑважаÑÑ
+ÑÑи ÑÐ²Ð¾Ð±Ð¾Ð´Ñ Ð´ÑÑгиÑ
лÑдей. ÐÑибÑÐ»Ñ Ñама по
Ñебе не ÑвлÑеÑÑÑ Ñем-Ñо дÑÑнÑм, но
+она не Ð¼Ð¾Ð¶ÐµÑ Ð¾Ð¿ÑавдаÑÑ Ð´ÑÑного обÑаÑÐµÐ½Ð¸Ñ Ñ
дÑÑгими лÑдÑми.
+</p>
+
+<blockquote><p>
+ ÐÐµÐ¶Ð´Ñ Ð¿ÑоÑим, доволÑно много пÑÑаниÑÑ
бÑло вÑзвано Ñем, как назÑваÑÑ Ð²Ð°ÑÑ
+Ð¸Ð´ÐµÑ ÑÑиÑного обÑеÑÑва. Ðногие по оÑибке
ÑÑали Ð±Ñ ÑÑвеÑждаÑÑ, ÑÑо вÑ
+пÑедлагаеÑе ÑазновидноÑÑÑ <a
+href="http://www.marxists.org/archive/marx/works/1840/prin-com.htm">
+коммÑнизма</a>.
+</p></blockquote>
+
+<p>
+ÐаждÑй, кÑо кÑиÑикÑÐµÑ Ð¾Ð¿ÑеделеннÑе меÑодÑ
пÑедпÑинимаÑелÑÑÑва, можеÑ
+ожидаÑÑ, ÑÑо его назовÑÑ
“коммÑниÑÑом”. ÐÑо ÑпоÑоб подменÑ
+понÑÑий и ÑÑ
ода Ð¾Ñ Ð¾Ð±ÑÑÐ¶Ð´ÐµÐ½Ð¸Ñ Ð²Ð¾Ð¿ÑоÑа.
ÐÑли лÑди веÑÑÑ Ð¾Ð±Ð²Ð¸Ð½ÐµÐ½Ð¸Ñм, они не
+ÑлÑÑаÑÑ Ñо, ÑÑо в дейÑÑвиÑелÑноÑÑи говоÑÑÑ
кÑиÑики (на коммÑнизм нападаÑÑ
+гоÑаздо легÑе, Ñем на взглÑÐ´Ñ Ð´Ð²Ð¸Ð¶ÐµÐ½Ð¸Ñ Ð·Ð°
ÑвободнÑе пÑогÑаммÑ).
+</p>
+
+<blockquote><p>
+ Ðекка Химанен в Ñвоей недавней ÑабоÑе
<cite>ХакеÑÑÐºÐ°Ñ ÑÑика</cite> пÑавилÑно
+опÑовеÑг ÑÑи ÑÑвеÑждениÑ. Я Ð±Ñ Ñказал
болÑÑе: Ñо, ÑÑо Ð²Ñ Ð¿ÑедлагаеÑе, близко
+к ÑомÑ, ÑÑо Ñакие полиÑиÑеÑкие ÑеоÑеÑики,
как <a
+href="http://web.archive.org/web/20010604041229/http://www.gwu.edu/~ccps/etzioni/index.html">
+ÐминÑай ÐÑÑиони</a>, обознаÑили Ð±Ñ ÐºÐ°Ðº
коммÑниÑаÑизм (Ñм., напÑ., <a
+href="http://communitariannetwork.org/about-communitarianism/">
+http://communitariannetwork.org/about-communitarianism/</a>). Ð
+коммÑниÑаÑизм никоим обÑазом не вÑаждебен
ÑÑноÑной Ñкономике, коÑоÑÑÑ
+болÑÑинÑÑво лÑдей ÑвÑзÑÐ²Ð°ÐµÑ Ñ
капиÑализмом. СовÑем наобоÑоÑ. Ðак Ð±Ñ Ð²Ñ
+оÑ
аÑакÑеÑизовали ÑÐ²Ð¾Ñ ÑÑиÑеÑкÑÑ ÑиÑÑÐµÐ¼Ñ Ñ
ÑоÑки зÑÐµÐ½Ð¸Ñ Ð¿Ð¾Ð»Ð¸Ñики?
+</p></blockquote>
+
+<p>
+Ржизни еÑÑÑ Ð¼ÐµÑÑо пÑедпÑинимаÑелÑÑÑвÑ, но
пÑедпÑинимаÑелÑÑÑÐ²Ñ Ð½ÐµÐ»ÑзÑ
+позволÑÑÑ Ð³Ð¾ÑподÑÑвоваÑÑ Ð½Ð°Ð´ жизнÑÑ
каждого. ÐзнаÑалÑÐ½Ð°Ñ Ð¸Ð´ÐµÑ Ð´ÐµÐ¼Ð¾ÐºÑаÑии
+ÑоÑÑоÑла в Ñом, ÑÑÐ¾Ð±Ñ Ð´Ð°ÑÑ Ð±Ð¾Ð»ÑÑинÑÑвÑ
ÑпоÑоб огÑаниÑиÑÑ Ð²Ð»Ð°ÑÑÑ Ð±Ð¾Ð³Ð°Ñой
+веÑÑ
ÑÑки.
+</p>
+
+<p>
+Ð¡ÐµÐ³Ð¾Ð´Ð½Ñ Ð²Ð»Ð°ÑÑÑ Ð¿ÑедпÑиÑÑий (и иÑ
владелÑÑев) ÑеÑеÑÑÑÑ Ð²ÐµÐ»Ð¸ÐºÐ°, и ÑÑо
+подÑÑÐ²Ð°ÐµÑ Ð´ÐµÐ¼Ð¾ÐºÑаÑÐ¸Ñ Ð² СШРи за ÑÑбежом.
ÐандидаÑÑ ÑÑалкиваÑÑÑÑ Ñ
+ÑакÑиÑеÑким пÑавом веÑо Ñо ÑÑоÑÐ¾Ð½Ñ Ð´ÐµÐ»Ð¾Ð²ÑÑ
кÑÑгов, Ñак ÑÑо они не ÑмеÑÑ
+оÑлÑÑаÑÑÑÑ Ð¸Ñ
пÑиказов.
+</p>
+<p>
+ÐÑоиÑÑ
Ð¾Ð´Ð¸Ñ Ð¿ÐµÑеÑ
од законодаÑелÑной
влаÑÑи Ð¾Ñ Ð¸Ð·Ð±Ð¸ÑаемÑÑ
законодаÑелей к
+Ñаким недемокÑаÑиÑнÑм оÑганам, как <a
+href="http://www.fpif.org/reports/world_trade_organization"> ÐÑемиÑнаÑ
+ÑоÑÐ³Ð¾Ð²Ð°Ñ Ð¾ÑганизаÑиÑ</a>, коÑоÑÐ°Ñ Ð±Ñла
оÑганизована, ÑÑÐ¾Ð±Ñ <a
+href="https://www.citizen.org/trade/wto/Qatar/seattle_mini/articles.cfm?ID=5468">
+подÑиниÑÑ Ð¾Ð±ÑеÑÑвенное здÑавооÑ
Ñанение,
оÑ
ÑÐ°Ð½Ñ Ð¾ÐºÑÑжаÑÑей ÑÑедÑ, ноÑÐ¼Ñ ÑÑÑда
+и ÑÑÐ¾Ð²ÐµÐ½Ñ Ð¶Ð¸Ð·Ð½Ð¸ инÑеÑеÑам деловÑÑ
кÑÑгов</a>. ÐпиÑаÑÑÑ Ð½Ð° <a
+href="https://www.citizen.org/trade/nafta/votes/articles.cfm?ID=6473">
+NAFTA</a> <a href="#tf1">[1]</a>, канадÑÐºÐ°Ñ ÐºÐ¾Ð¼Ð¿Ð°Ð½Ð¸Ñ,
коÑоÑÐ°Ñ Ð±Ñла
+оÑÑждена в ÐиÑÑиÑипи за недобÑоÑовеÑÑнÑÑ
конкÑÑенÑиÑ, <a
+href="https://www.citizen.org/trade/nafta/chapter11/articles.cfm?ID=1173">
+обÑаÑилаÑÑ Ð² ÑÑд</a> Ñ ÑÑебованием
компенÑаÑии Ñо ÑÑоÑÐ¾Ð½Ñ Ð³Ð¾ÑÑдаÑÑÑва ее
+ÑбÑÑков, к коÑоÑÑм пÑивел пÑиговоÑ. Ðни
заÑвлÑÑÑ, ÑÑо NAFTA оÑменÑÐµÑ Ð¿Ñаво
+гоÑÑдаÑÑÑв пÑинимаÑÑ Ð·Ð°ÐºÐ¾Ð½Ñ Ð¿ÑоÑив
недобÑоÑовеÑÑной конкÑÑенÑии.
+</p>
+<p>
+Ðо и ÑÑого им мало. ÐÑедложеннÑй Ð´Ð¾Ð³Ð¾Ð²Ð¾Ñ Ð¿Ð¾
<a
+href="http://www.ftaa-alca.org/"> FTAA</a> <a href="#tf2">[2]</a>
+поÑÑебовал Ð±Ñ Ð²Ð¾ вÑеÑ
гоÑÑдаÑÑÑваÑ
пÑиваÑизиÑоваÑÑ Ð¸Ñ
обÑеÑÑвеннÑй ÑекÑоÑ,
+напÑимеÑ, ÑколÑ, водоÑнабжение, аÑÑ
ивÑ,
даже ÑоÑиалÑнÑÑ Ð·Ð°ÑиÑÑ. Ðменно ÑÑо
+Ñ
оÑÐµÑ Ð¿ÑоÑолкнÑÑÑ ÐÑÑ Ñ Ð¿Ð¾Ð¼Ð¾ÑÑÑ
пÑеÑогаÑÐ¸Ð²Ñ “<a
+href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fast_track_%28trade%29">
ÑÑкоÑенного
+обÑÑждениÑ</a>”.
+</p>
+<p>
+<a
+href="http://web.archive.org/web/20130607095126/http://www.canadians.org/trade/issues/FTAA/Quebec/index.html">
+Ð ÑÑаÑÑникам миÑного пÑоÑеÑÑа пÑоÑив FTAA в
Ðвебеке полиÑÐ¸Ñ Ð¿Ñименила
+ÑилÑ</a>, а заÑем обвинила в ÑÑом
демонÑÑÑанÑов. Ðдин из демонÑÑÑанÑов,
+ÑÑоÑвÑиÑ
на ÑлиÑе, бÑл поÑажен в гоÑло
плаÑÑиковой пÑлей Ñ ÑаÑÑÑоÑниÑ
+20 ÑÑÑов. Ðн полÑÑил ÑвеÑÑе и ÑобиÑаеÑÑÑ
подаÑÑ Ð² ÑÑд за покÑÑение на
+ÑбийÑÑво — еÑли ÑолÑко ÑаÑаонÑ
пÑизнаÑÑÑÑ, кÑо в него ÑÑÑелÑл.
+</p>
+<p>
+Ðа одного из оÑганизаÑоÑов пÑоÑеÑÑа на
ÑлиÑе напала гÑÑппа неизвеÑÑнÑÑ
,
+коÑоÑÑе вÑÑкоÑили из авÑобÑÑа, Ñбили его Ñ
ног и ÑÑали избиваÑÑ. Ðогда его
+дÑÑзÑÑ Ð¿ÑиÑли на помоÑÑ, неизвеÑÑнÑе
пÑедÑÑвили полиÑейÑкие ÑдоÑÑовеÑÐµÐ½Ð¸Ñ Ð¸
+Ñвели его.
+</p>
+<p>
+Ðаже Ñа демокÑаÑиÑ, коÑоÑÐ°Ñ Ð¿ÐµÑежила
глобализаÑионнÑе договоÑÑ, ÑкоÑее
+вÑего, бÑÐ´ÐµÑ ÑмÑÑа в Ñ
оде Ð¿Ð¾Ð´Ð°Ð²Ð»ÐµÐ½Ð¸Ñ <a
+href="http://web.archive.org/web/20010515200253/http://stopftaa.org/">
+оппозиÑии ÑÑим договоÑам</a>.
+</p>
+<blockquote><p>
+ÐÑежде вÑего пÑоÑив ваÑей ÑвеÑдой
ÑÑиÑеÑкой позиÑии вÑдвигали возÑажение,
+ÑÑо ÑÑика ÑвободнÑÑ
пÑогÑамм пÑекÑаÑна, но
она не ÑооÑвеÑÑÑвÑÐµÑ ÑеалÑномÑ
+миÑÑ Ð¿ÑедпÑинимаÑелÑÑÑва.
+</p></blockquote>
+<p>
+ÐоÑколÑÐºÑ ÑвÑÑе Ð¿Ð¾Ð»Ð¾Ð²Ð¸Ð½Ñ ÑайÑов ÐÑемиÑной
паÑÑÐ¸Ð½Ñ ÑабоÑаÑÑ GNU/Linux и <a
+href="http://www.apache.org">Apache</a>, ÑÑо Ñо вÑей
оÑевидноÑÑÑÑ Ð¿ÑоÑÑо
+демагогиÑ. ÐÑ Ð½Ðµ Ð´Ð¾Ð»Ð¶Ð½Ñ Ð¿ÑидаваÑÑ Ñаким
ложнÑм ÑÑвеÑждениÑм видимоÑÑÑ
+пÑавдоподобиÑ, Ð´ÐµÐ»Ð°Ñ Ð²Ð¸Ð´, бÑдÑо Ñами
пÑинимаеÑе иÑ
ÑеÑÑезно.
+</p>
+<blockquote><p>
+Я дÑмаÑ, ÑÑо Ñ
Ñже оÑÑавлÑÑÑ Ð½ÐµÑвнÑÑ Ð»Ð¾Ð¶Ñ
без оÑвеÑа, Ñем оÑвеÑаÑÑ Ð½Ð° нее
+пÑÑмо. СÑеÑжнем моего аÑгÑменÑа бÑло Ñо,
ÑÑо в Microsoft, напÑимеÑ, заÑвлÑли
+Ð±Ñ Ð¸ на Ñамом деле заÑвлÑÑÑ, ÑÑо ÑвободнÑе
пÑогÑÐ°Ð¼Ð¼Ñ Ð½Ðµ ÑенÑабелÑнÑ, а
+ÑбÑÑоÑнÑ. Ðни ÑвеÑÑÑÑ ÑÑо плоÑ
о, как ни
кÑÑÑи. Я не дÑмаÑ, ÑÑо Microsoft
+ÑледÑÐµÑ Ð¸Ð³Ð½Ð¾ÑиÑоваÑÑ, ÑоÑно Ñак же, как не
ÑледÑÐµÑ Ð¸Ð³Ð½Ð¾ÑиÑоваÑÑ ÐТÐ. Ðо мой
+вопÑÐ¾Ñ Ð±Ñл поÑÑавлен Ð´Ð»Ñ Ñого, ÑÑобÑ
оÑмеÑÑи ÑÑÑ ÑамооÑевиднÑÑ Ð´ÐµÐ¼Ð°Ð³Ð¾Ð³Ð¸Ñ, а
+не Ð´Ð»Ñ Ñого, ÑÑÐ¾Ð±Ñ Ð²Ð¿Ð°Ð´Ð°ÑÑ Ð² оÑибки дÑÑгиÑ
.
+</p></blockquote>
+
+<blockquote><p>
+ Так ÑÑо Ñ Ð¿ÐµÑеÑоÑмÑлиÑÑÑ Ñвой вопÑоÑ: в
Microsoft ÑÑгали GPL как глÑпоÑÑÑ Ð²
+пÑедпÑинимаÑелÑÑÑве, коÑоÑÐ°Ñ Ñакже вÑедна
Ð´Ð»Ñ “ÐмеÑики” (ÑÑо бÑ
+ÑÑо ни ознаÑало). ÐÑика ÑообÑеÑÑва иÑ
не
беÑпокоиÑ. Ðак Ð²Ñ Ð² ÑÑом ÑлÑÑае
+опÑовеÑгаеÑе иÑ
демагогиÑ, Ñо еÑÑÑ
Ð´ÐµÐ¼Ð°Ð³Ð¾Ð³Ð¸Ñ ÑеÑ
, кÑо ÑазделÑÐµÑ Ð²Ð·Ð³Ð»ÑдÑ
+Microsoft?
+</p></blockquote>
+
+<blockquote><p>
+ СÑолмен не оÑвеÑил на ÑÑÐ¾Ñ Ð·Ð°Ð¿ÑоÑ
поÑÑнениÑ, но когда ÑÑо пÑоиÑÑ
одило, <a
+href="/events/rms-nyu-2001-transcript.txt"> в вÑÑÑÑплении</a>, Ñ
коÑоÑÑм он
+незадолго до Ñого вÑÑÑÑпил в ÐÑÑ-ÐоÑкÑком
ÑнивеÑÑиÑеÑе, бÑл оÑÐ²ÐµÑ Ð½Ð°
+пÑÐ¾Ð¿Ð°Ð³Ð°Ð½Ð´Ñ Microsoft. Фонд Ñвободного
пÑогÑаммного обеÑпеÑÐµÐ½Ð¸Ñ Ñакже
+пÑедÑÑавил <a href="/press/2001-05-04-GPL.html"> заÑиÑÑ</a>
ÑвободнÑÑ
+пÑогÑамм.
+</p></blockquote>
+
+<blockquote><p>
+ [ÐозвÑаÑаÑÑÑ Ðº инÑеÑвÑÑ...]
+</p></blockquote>
+
+<blockquote><p>
+ Ðа более конкÑеÑном ÑÑовне, как Ð±Ñ Ð²Ñ
оÑвеÑили на кÑиÑÐ¸ÐºÑ Ð»Ð¸Ñа, коÑоÑомÑ
+Ñ
оÑелоÑÑ Ð±Ñ ÑледоваÑÑ Ð²Ð°Ñим ÑÑиÑеÑким
ÑÑандаÑÑам, но оно ÑÑвÑÑвÑеÑ, ÑÑо не
+Ð¼Ð¾Ð¶ÐµÑ ÑÑо делаÑÑ, поÑколÑÐºÑ Ð¾Ð½Ð¾ Ñ
оÑеÑ
Ñакже полÑÑаÑÑ Ð´ÐµÐ½Ñги Ð¾Ñ Ñвоего
+ÑмÑÑвенного ÑÑÑда?
+</p></blockquote>
+
+<p>
+ÐÑо гипоÑеÑиÑеÑкое лиÑо, видимо, Ñбеждено,
ÑÑо ÑазÑабоÑка ÑвободнÑÑ
пÑогÑамм
+неÑовмеÑÑна Ñ Ð¾Ð¿Ð»Ð°Ñой ÑÑÑда. ÐÑли ÑÑо Ñак,
Ñо оно невеÑно
+инÑоÑмиÑовано — ÑоÑни лÑдей полÑÑаÑÑ
ÑÐµÐ³Ð¾Ð´Ð½Ñ Ð¿Ð»Ð°ÑÑ Ð·Ð° ÑазÑабоÑкÑ
+ÑвободнÑÑ
пÑогÑамм. ÐекоÑоÑÑе из ниÑ
ÑабоÑаÑÑ Ð² Sun. ÐÑо лиÑо пÑÐµÐ´Ð»Ð°Ð³Ð°ÐµÑ Ð½Ð°Ð¼
+ÑеÑиÑÑ Ð¿ÑоблемÑ, коÑоÑой в
дейÑÑвиÑелÑноÑÑи не ÑÑÑеÑÑвÑеÑ.
+</p>
+<p>
+Ðо еÑли ÐµÐ¼Ñ Ð½Ðµ ÑдаеÑÑÑ ÑÑÑÑоиÑÑÑÑ Ð½Ð° ÑакÑÑ
ÑабоÑÑ, ÑвÑзаннÑÑ Ñо ÑвободнÑми
+пÑогÑаммами? ÐÑо могло Ð±Ñ ÑлÑÑиÑÑÑÑ —
не каждÑй ÑÐµÐ³Ð¾Ð´Ð½Ñ Ð¼Ð¾Ð¶ÐµÑ
+полÑÑиÑÑ ÑакÑÑ ÑабоÑÑ. Ðо ÑÑо не
опÑавдÑÐ²Ð°ÐµÑ ÑазÑабоÑÐºÑ Ð½ÐµÑвободнÑÑ
+пÑогÑамм. Ðелание полÑÑиÑÑ Ð¿ÑибÑÐ»Ñ Ñамо по
Ñебе не дÑÑно, но оно не
+оÑноÑиÑÑÑ Ðº ÑважиÑелÑнÑм пÑиÑинам,
коÑоÑÑе могли Ð±Ñ Ð¾Ð¿ÑавдаÑÑ Ð¿Ð»Ð¾Ñ
ое
+обÑаÑение Ñ Ð´ÑÑгими. ÐеÑвободнÑе
пÑогÑÐ°Ð¼Ð¼Ñ ÑазделÑÑÑ Ð¿Ð¾Ð»ÑзоваÑелей и
+оÑÑавлÑÑÑ Ð¸Ñ
беÑпомоÑнÑми, а ÑÑо дÑÑно.
ÐикÑо не должен ÑÑого делаÑÑ.
+</p>
+<p>
+ЧÑо же ÐµÐ¼Ñ Ð´ÐµÐ»Ð°ÑÑ Ð²Ð¼ÐµÑÑо ÑÑого? ЧÑо Ñгодно.
ÐÑÐ¾Ñ Ñеловек мог Ð±Ñ ÑÑÑÑоиÑÑÑÑ
+на ÑабоÑÑ Ð² дÑÑгой оÑÑаÑли. Ðо ÑÑо не
обÑзаÑелÑно — болÑÑинÑÑво
+пÑогÑамм ÑазÑабаÑÑваÑÑÑÑ Ð½Ð° заказ, они не
пÑедназнаÑÐµÐ½Ñ Ð´Ð»Ñ Ð¿ÑбликаÑии ни в
+каÑеÑÑве ÑвободнÑÑ
, ни в каÑеÑÑве
неÑвободнÑÑ
пÑогÑамм. РболÑÑинÑÑве
+ÑлÑÑаев Ñеловек Ð¼Ð¾Ð¶ÐµÑ Ð·Ð°Ð½Ð¸Ð¼Ð°ÑÑÑÑ ÑÑим, не
Ð¿Ð¾Ð´Ð½Ð¸Ð¼Ð°Ñ ÑÑиÑеÑкиÑ
вопÑоÑов. ÐÑо
+не геÑоизм, но и не злодейÑÑво.
+</p>
+
+<blockquote><p>
+ Ðо об авÑоÑÑком пÑаве можно подÑмаÑÑ
как о дÑÑге авÑоÑа.
+</p></blockquote>
+
+<p>
+Ð ÑпоÑ
Ñ Ð¿ÐµÑаÑного ÑÑанка ÑÑо бÑло веÑно: <a
+href="http://www.ipo.gov.uk/types/copy/c-about/c-history.htm">
авÑоÑÑкое
+пÑаво</a> бÑло пÑомÑÑленной ноÑмой,
огÑаниÑивавÑей издаÑелей и ÑÑебовавÑей
+Ð¾Ñ Ð½Ð¸Ñ
плаÑиÑÑ Ð°Ð²ÑоÑÑ ÐºÐ½Ð¸Ð³Ð¸. Ðно не
огÑаниÑивало ÑиÑаÑелей, поÑÐ¾Ð¼Ñ ÑÑо
+дейÑÑвиÑ, коÑоÑÑе оно огÑаниÑивало, мог
вÑполнÑÑÑ ÑолÑко издаÑелÑ.
+</p>
+<p>
+Ðо ÑÑо болÑÑе не веÑно. СейÑÐ°Ñ Ð°Ð²ÑоÑÑкое
пÑаво ÑвлÑеÑÑÑ Ð¾Ð³ÑаниÑением,
+наложеннÑм на обÑеÑÑво к вÑгоде издаÑелей,
коÑоÑÑе даÑÑ Ð°Ð²ÑоÑам неболÑÑÑÑ
+подаÑкÑ, ÑÑÐ¾Ð±Ñ ÐºÑпиÑÑ Ñ Ð½Ð¸Ñ
поддеÑжкÑ
пÑоÑив обÑеÑÑва.
+</p>
+
+<blockquote><p>
+ Ð Ñаком ÑлÑÑае, ÐºÐ¾Ð¼Ñ Ð¿Ñежде вÑего в
нÑнеÑней ÑиÑÑаÑии вÑгодно авÑоÑÑкое
+пÑаво?
+</p></blockquote>
+
+<p>
+ÐздаÑелÑм.
+</p>
+
+<blockquote><p>
+ ÐÑли Ð±Ñ Ñ Ñнова ÑÑал ÑабоÑаÑÑ Ð¿Ð¾
ÑовмеÑÑиÑелÑÑÑвÑ, Ñ Ð½Ðµ заÑ
оÑел Ð±Ñ Ð²ÑдаваÑÑ
+ÑÐ²Ð¾Ñ ÑабоÑÑ Ð±ÐµÐ· минималÑной гаÑанÑии
оплаÑÑ Ð¼Ð¾ÐµÐ³Ð¾ ÑÑÑда, коÑоÑÑÑ Ð¿Ð¾Ð·Ð²Ð¾Ð»ÑеÑ
+ÑделаÑÑ Ð°Ð²ÑоÑÑкое пÑаво.
+</p></blockquote>
+
+<p>
+ÐÑ Ð¼Ð¾Ð³Ð»Ð¸ Ð±Ñ Ð´ÐµÐ»Ð°ÑÑ ÑÑо без авÑоÑÑкого
пÑава. ÐÑо ÑаÑÑÑ Ð²Ð°ÑиÑ
деловÑÑ
+оÑноÑений Ñ Ð¶ÑÑналом, в коÑоÑÑй Ð²Ñ Ð¿Ð¸ÑеÑе.
+</p>
+
+<p>
+Ðо замеÑÑÑе, пожалÑйÑÑа, ÑÑо Ñ Ð½Ðµ говоÑÑ,
ÑÑо авÑоÑÑкое пÑаво ÑледÑеÑ
+полноÑÑÑÑ Ð¾ÑмениÑÑ. ÐÑ Ð¼Ð¾Ð¶ÐµÑе не
ÑоглаÑаÑÑÑÑ Ñ Ñем, ÑÑо Ñ Ð³Ð¾Ð²Ð¾Ñил, но
+беÑÑмÑÑленно кÑиÑиковаÑÑ Ð½Ð° Ð¼ÐµÐ½Ñ Ð·Ð° Ñо,
Ñего Ñ Ð½Ðµ говоÑил. Я в Ñвоем
+вÑÑÑÑплении говоÑил, ÑÑо пÑогÑаммÑ,
коÑоÑÑе пÑбликÑÑÑÑÑ, Ð´Ð¾Ð»Ð¶Ð½Ñ Ð±ÑÑÑ
+ÑвободнÑ.
+</p>
+
+<blockquote><p>
+ Ðа более подÑобнÑм оÑвеÑением
взглÑдов СÑолмена в оÑноÑении авÑоÑÑкого
пÑава
+за пÑеделами оÑÑаÑли пÑогÑаммиÑованиÑ
ÑиÑаÑелÑм наÑÑоÑÑелÑно ÑекомендÑеÑÑÑ
+обÑаÑиÑÑÑÑ Ð½Ð° <a href="/home.html">ÑÐ°Ð¹Ñ GNU</a> и <a
+href="http://www.stallman.org"> лиÑнÑй ÑÐ°Ð¹Ñ Ð¡Ñолмена</a>. Ð
ÑаÑÑноÑÑи,
+ÑиÑаÑелÑм, возможно бÑÐ´ÐµÑ Ð¸Ð½ÑеÑеÑна ÑеÑÑ
“<a
+href="/philosophy/copyright-and-globalization.html"> ÐвÑоÑÑкое
пÑаво и
+глобализаÑÐ¸Ñ Ð² век компÑÑÑеÑнÑÑ
ÑеÑей</a>”, пÑедÑÑÐ°Ð²Ð»ÐµÐ½Ð½Ð°Ñ Ð²
+ÐаÑÑаÑÑÑеÑÑком ÑеÑ
ниÑеÑком инÑÑиÑÑÑе в
ÐембÑидже (ÑÑÐ°Ñ ÐаÑÑаÑÑÑеÑÑ)
+19 апÑÐµÐ»Ñ 2001 года. ÐÐ·Ð»Ð°Ð³Ð°Ñ Ñвои
взглÑÐ´Ñ Ð½Ð° авÑоÑÑкое пÑаво в
+непÑогÑаммнÑÑ
ÑÑеÑаÑ
, СÑолмен в инÑеÑвÑÑ
оÑмеÑил: “ÐÑо идеи, к коÑоÑÑм
+Ñ Ð¿ÑиÑел поÑле неÑколÑкиÑ
Ð»ÐµÑ ÑабоÑÑ Ð½Ð°Ð´
ÑвободнÑми пÑогÑаммами. ÐенÑ
+ÑпÑаÑивали, как ÑÑи идеи ÑаÑпÑоÑÑÑанÑÑÑÑÑ
на дÑÑгие Ð²Ð¸Ð´Ñ Ð¸Ð½ÑоÑмаÑии, Ñак ÑÑо
+в девÑноÑÑÑÑ
годаÑ
Ñ Ð½Ð°Ñал ÑазмÑÑлÑÑÑ Ð½Ð°Ð´
ÑÑим вопÑоÑом. Ð ÑÑой ÑеÑи
+излагаÑÑÑÑ Ð¼Ð¾Ð¸ мÑÑли по данномÑ
вопÑоÑÑ”.
+</p></blockquote>
+
+<p>
+ÐÐµÐ¶Ð´Ñ Ð¿ÑоÑим: недавно ÐÑгенÑина ÑÑала
пеÑвой ÑÑÑаной, в коÑоÑой
+ÑаÑÑмаÑÑиваеÑÑÑ Ð²Ð²ÐµÐ´ÐµÐ½Ð¸Ðµ ÑÑебованиÑ,
ÑÑÐ¾Ð±Ñ Ð²Ñе гоÑÑдаÑÑÑвеннÑе ÑÑÑеждениÑ
+полÑзовалиÑÑ ÑвободнÑми пÑогÑаммами (Ñм.,
напÑ., <a
+href="http://www.wired.com/techbiz/media/news/2001/05/43529">
+http://www.wired.com/techbiz/media/news/2001/05/43529</a>).
+</p>
+<p>
+Я дÑмаÑ, ноÑма вÑе еÑе обÑÑждаеÑÑÑ —
но пока не пÑинÑÑа.
+</p>
+
+<blockquote><p>
+ ÐаÑколÑко мне извеÑÑно, ÑÑо вÑе еÑе
обÑÑждаеÑÑÑ... Ðднако незавиÑимо оÑ
+Ñого, Ñеализовано ÑÑо законодаÑелÑно или
неÑ, вÑе Ñавно ÑÑа новоÑÑÑ
+воодÑÑевлÑеÑ, поÑколÑÐºÑ ÑвободнÑе
пÑогÑÐ°Ð¼Ð¼Ñ Ð¿Ð¾ менÑÑей меÑе ÑеÑÑезно
+ÑаÑÑмаÑÑиваÑÑÑÑ ÐºÐ°Ðº законнÑй ваÑианÑ. Ðак
ÑÑа и дÑÑгие новоÑÑи повлиÑли на
+Ð¿Ð»Ð°Ð½Ñ Ð²Ð°Ñей бÑдÑÑей ÑабоÑÑ? То еÑÑÑ
ÑобиÑаеÑеÑÑ Ð»Ð¸ Ð²Ñ ÑделÑÑÑ Ð±Ð¾Ð»ÑÑе
+Ð²Ð½Ð¸Ð¼Ð°Ð½Ð¸Ñ ÑазвиваÑÑимÑÑ ÑÑÑанам?
+</p></blockquote>
+
+<p>
+Ðа. ЧеÑез две недели [ÑÑо пиÑалоÑÑ Ð²
ÑеÑедине маÑ] Ñ ÐµÐ´Ñ Ð² ЮжнÑÑ ÐÑÑикÑ, а в
+Ðндии оÑнован Ñонд Ñвободного
пÑогÑаммного обеÑпеÑениÑ. ÐгÑомнÑй инÑеÑеÑ
+пÑоÑвлÑÐµÑ Ñакже ÐÑазилиÑ.
+</p>
+
+<blockquote><p>
+ РпоÑледнее. Так назÑваемое движение
за “оÑкÑÑÑÑй иÑÑ
однÑй
+ÑекÑÑ” ÑÑÐ¾Ð¸Ñ Ð² ÑÑоÑоне и ÑовеÑÑенно
лиÑено ÑмоÑа, в оÑлиÑие оÑ
+Ð´Ð²Ð¸Ð¶ÐµÐ½Ð¸Ñ Ð·Ð° “ÑвободнÑе пÑогÑаммє.
Свои лекÑии и ÑÐ²Ð¾Ñ Ð¿ÐµÑÐ½Ñ Ð²Ñ
+ÑдабÑиваеÑе пÑиÑÑной Ñоликой ÑмоÑа. Я Ñ
оÑел Ð±Ñ Ð·Ð°Ð²ÐµÑÑиÑÑ Ð¸Ð½ÑеÑвÑÑ, ÑпÑоÑив
+ваÑ, Ñего Ð²Ñ ÑÑим доÑÑигаеÑе.
+</p></blockquote>
+
+<p>
+Я ÑазвлекаÑÑÑ. ÐÑо в дÑÑ
е Ñ
акеÑÑÑва —
ÑолÑко в ÑÑÑÐºÑ ÑеÑÑезно.
+</p>
+
+
+<div style="font-size: small;">
+
+<!--TRANSLATORS: Use space (SPC) as msgstr if you don't have notes.-->
+<h3>ÐÑимеÑÐ°Ð½Ð¸Ñ Ð¿ÐµÑеводÑиков</h3>
+<ol>
+<li id="tf1">NAFTA — <em>англ.</em> <span lang="en"
+xml:lang="en">North American Free Trade Associtation</span>
+(“СевеÑоамеÑиканÑÐºÐ°Ñ Ð°ÑÑоÑиаÑиÑ
Ñвободной ÑоÑговли”).</li>
+<li id="tf2">FTAA — <em>англ.</em> <span lang="en"
+xml:lang="en">Free Trade Area of the Americas</span>
+(“ÐбÑеамеÑиканÑÐºÐ°Ñ Ð·Ð¾Ð½Ð° Ñвободной
ÑоÑговли”).</li>
+</ol></div>
+</div>
+
+<!-- for id="content", starts in the include above -->
+<!--#include virtual="/server/footer.ru.html" -->
+<div id="footer">
+
+<p>ÐожалÑйÑÑа, пÑиÑÑлайÑе обÑие запÑоÑÑ
ÑÐ¾Ð½Ð´Ñ Ð¸ GNU по адÑеÑÑ <a
+href="mailto:address@hidden"><address@hidden></a>. ÐÑÑÑ Ñакже <a
+href="/contact/">дÑÑгие ÑпоÑÐ¾Ð±Ñ ÑвÑзаÑÑÑÑ</a> Ñ
Ñондом. ÐÑÑеÑÑ Ð¾
+неÑабоÑаÑÑиÑ
ÑÑÑлкаÑ
и дÑÑгие попÑавки
или пÑÐµÐ´Ð»Ð¾Ð¶ÐµÐ½Ð¸Ñ Ð¼Ð¾Ð¶Ð½Ð¾ пÑиÑÑлаÑÑ Ð¿Ð¾
+адÑеÑÑ <a href="mailto:address@hidden"><address@hidden></a>.</p>
+
+<p>
+<!-- TRANSLATORS: Ignore the original text in this paragraph,
+ replace it with the translation of these two:
+
+ We work hard and do our best to provide accurate, good quality
+ translations. However, we are not exempt from imperfection.
+ Please send your comments and general suggestions in this regard
+ to <a href="mailto:address@hidden">
+
+ <address@hidden></a>.</p>
+
+ <p>For information on coordinating and submitting translations of
+ our web pages, see <a
+ href="/server/standards/README.translations.html">Translations
+ README</a>. -->
+ÐÑ ÑÑаÑалиÑÑ ÑделаÑÑ ÑÑÐ¾Ñ Ð¿ÐµÑевод ÑоÑнÑм и
каÑеÑÑвеннÑм, но иÑклÑÑиÑÑ
+возможноÑÑÑ Ð¾Ñибки Ð¼Ñ Ð½Ðµ можем.
ÐÑиÑÑлайÑе, пожалÑйÑÑа, Ñвои замеÑÐ°Ð½Ð¸Ñ Ð¸
+пÑÐµÐ´Ð»Ð¾Ð¶ÐµÐ½Ð¸Ñ Ð¿Ð¾ пеÑÐµÐ²Ð¾Ð´Ñ Ð¿Ð¾ адÑеÑÑ <a
+href="mailto:address@hidden"><address@hidden></a>.
+</p><p>Ð¡Ð²ÐµÐ´ÐµÐ½Ð¸Ñ Ð¿Ð¾ кооÑдинаÑии и
пÑедложениÑм пеÑеводов наÑиÑ
ÑÑаÑей Ñм. в
+<a href="/server/standards/README.translations.html">“Ð
ÑководÑÑве по
+пеÑеводам”</a>.</p>
+
+<!-- Regarding copyright, in general, standalone pages (as opposed to
+ files generated as part of manuals) on the GNU web server should
+ be under CC BY-ND 3.0 US. Please do NOT change or remove this
+ without talking with the webmasters or licensing team first.
+ Please make sure the copyright date is consistent with the
+ document. For web pages, it is ok to list just the latest year the
+ document was modified, or published.
+
+ If you wish to list earlier years, that is ok too.
+ Either "2001, 2002, 2003" or "2001-2003" are ok for specifying
+ years, as long as each year in the range is in fact a copyrightable
+ year, i.e., a year in which the document was published (including
+ being publicly visible on the web or in a revision control system).
+
+ There is more detail about copyright years in the GNU Maintainers
+ Information document, www.gnu.org/prep/maintain. -->
+<p>Copyright © 2001, 2007, 2013 Free Software Foundation, Inc.</p>
+
+<p>ÐÑо пÑоизведение доÑÑÑпно по <a rel="license"
+href="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nd/3.0/us/deed.ru">лиÑензии
+Creative Commons Attribution-NoDerivs (<em>ÐÑÑибÑÑÐ¸Ñ —
Ðез
+пÑоизводнÑÑ
пÑоизведений</em>) 3.0 СШÐ</a>.</p>
+
+<!--#include virtual="/server/bottom-notes.ru.html" -->
+<div class="translators-credits">
+
+<!--TRANSLATORS: Use space (SPC) as msgstr if you don't want credits.-->
+<em>Ðнимание! РподгоÑовке ÑÑого пеÑевода
ÑÑаÑÑвовал ÑолÑко один Ñеловек. ÐÑ
+можеÑе ÑÑÑеÑÑвенно ÑлÑÑÑиÑÑ Ð¿ÐµÑевод, еÑли
пÑовеÑиÑе его и ÑаÑÑкажеÑе о
+найденнÑÑ
оÑибкаÑ
в <a
+href="http://savannah.gnu.org/projects/www-ru">ÑÑÑÑкой гÑÑппе
пеÑеводов
+gnu.org</a>.</em></div>
+
+
+ <p><!-- timestamp start -->
+Ðбновлено:
+
+$Date: 2013/11/27 15:29:05 $
+
+<!-- timestamp end -->
+</p>
+</div>
+</div>
+</body>
+</html>
Index: po/luispo-rms-interview.ru-en.html
===================================================================
RCS file: po/luispo-rms-interview.ru-en.html
diff -N po/luispo-rms-interview.ru-en.html
--- /dev/null 1 Jan 1970 00:00:00 -0000
+++ po/luispo-rms-interview.ru-en.html 27 Nov 2013 15:29:05 -0000 1.1
@@ -0,0 +1,443 @@
+<!--#include virtual="/server/header.html" -->
+<!-- Parent-Version: 1.75 -->
+<title>Interview: Richard M. Stallman
+- GNU Project - Free Software Foundation</title>
+<!--#include virtual="/philosophy/po/luispo-rms-interview.translist" -->
+<!--#include virtual="/server/banner.html" -->
+<h2>Interview: Richard M. Stallman</h2>
+
+<p>
+<i>[ This is an interview between Louis Suarez-Potts and Richard
+M. Stallman. ]</i>
+</p>
+
+<p>
+Richard M. Stallman is the most forceful and famous
+practitioner/theorist of
+<a href="/philosophy/free-sw.html">free
+software</a>, a term he coined. “Free” here means free
+as in “free speech,” not free as in “free
+beer.” Stallman's most famous intervention in the “free
+software” movement has surely been the GNU General Public
+License (<a href="/licenses/gpl.html">GPL</a>), which
+Stallman created around 1985 as a general license that could be
+applied to any program. The license codifies the concept of
+“<a href="/copyleft/copyleft.html">copyleft</a>,”
+the “central idea” of which Stallman has described as
+giving “everyone permission to run the program, copy the
+program, modify the program, and distribute modified versions, but not
+permission to add restrictions of their own. Thus, the crucial
+freedoms that define ‘free software’ are guaranteed to
+everyone who has a copy; they become inalienable rights”
+(Stallman, “The GNU Operating System and the Free Software
+Movement,” in DiBona, <cite>Open Sources: Voices from the Open
+Source Revolution</cite>)
+</p>
+<p>
+Every free-software license since probably owes its existence to
+Stallman's vision, including those licenses by which OpenOffice.org code
+is governed. Stallman's work is of course resolutely practical. A short
+list of his coding accomplishments would include Emacs as well as most
+of the components of the GNU/Linux system, which he either wrote or
+helped write. In 1990, Stallman received a
+<a href="http://www.macfound.org/programs/fel/fel_overview.htm">McArthur
+Foundation</a> fellowship; he has used the funds given him to further
+his free software work. (See Moody, <cite>Rebel Code</cite> for a good
+account of Stallman's mission.)
+</p>
+<p>
+The opportunity for this interview arose when I saw Stallman lecture
+at Sun's Cupertino campus in May. At that time, I requested an email
+interview with Stallman. He assented, and shortly after, I submitted
+the series of questions below, to which he responded, often at length.
+However, my efforts for a follow-up failed, so this interview is only
+the first pass. As a consequence, I was unable to extend (and
+challenge) some interesting avenues; I have also provided as much
+context as possible for Stallman's politics in the links. It goes
+without saying that Stallman's views are his own and do not
+necessarily represent mine or those of OpenOffice.org.
+</p>
+<p>
+For more information, readers are encouraged to visit the
+<a href="/home.html">GNU website</a>, as well as
+<a href="http://www.stallman.org">Stallman's personal site</a>.
+</p>
+
+<blockquote><p>
+ I would like, in this interview, to focus on your current
+ work, and on the problematic of what kind of society we should
+ like to live in. Your focus now—and for at least the
+ last seventeen years—has been on working to make the
+ social arrangements for using software more ethical.
+</p></blockquote>
+
+<blockquote><p>
+ But, [briefly,] what do you mean by the notion of a what I call here
+ a more ethical society?
+</p></blockquote>
+
+<p>
+We need to encourage the spirit of cooperation, by respecting other
+people's freedom to cooperate and not advancing schemes to divide and
+dominate them.
+</p>
+
+<blockquote><p>
+ This takes us to a point that is quite important and that I am
+ hoping you can clarify for our readers. The term you prefer
+ for your ethic is “free software,” where the word
+ “free” means freedom from constraints and not free
+ to take. But the term that more and more people are using is
+ “Open Source,” a term of quite recent vintage
+ (1998), and, from your perspective, filled with significant
+ problems. Of the two, free software is a term that implies an
+ ethic of living and holds out the promise of a more just
+ society; the other, “open source,” does not.
+</p></blockquote>
+
+<blockquote><p>
+ Is that a fair statement? Would you address that issue, and clarify
+ the distinctions for our readers?
+</p></blockquote>
+
+<p>
+That is exactly right. Someone once said it this way: open source is a
+development methodology; free software is a political philosophy (or a
+social movement).
+</p>
+<p>
+The <a href="http://www.opensource.org">open source movement</a> focuses
+on convincing business that it can profit by respecting the users'
+freedom to share and change software. We in the
+<a href="http://www.fsf.org/">free software movement</a> appreciate those
+efforts, but we believe that there is a more important issue at stake:
+all programmers [owe] an ethical obligation to respect those freedoms
+for other people. Profit is not wrong in itself, but it can't justify
+mistreating other people.
+</p>
+
+<blockquote><p>
+ Along these lines, there has been considerable confusion over how to
+ name your idea of an ethical society. Mistakenly, many would assert
+ that you are suggesting a
+ <a
href="http://www.marxists.org/archive/marx/works/1840/prin-com.htm">communism</a>.
+</p></blockquote>
+
+<p>
+Anyone who criticizes certain business practices can expect to be
+called “communist” from time to time. This is a way of
+changing the subject and evading the issue. If people believe the
+charges, they don't listen to what the critics really say. (It is much
+easier to attack communism than to attack the views of the free
+software movement.)
+</p>
+
+<blockquote><p>
+ Pekka Himanen, in his recent work, the <cite>Hacker Ethic</cite>, has
+ rightly countered these claims. I would go further: that what you
+ suggest is close to what political theorists such as
+ <a
href="http://web.archive.org/web/20010604041229/http://www.gwu.edu/~ccps/etzioni/index.html">
+ Amitai
+ Etzioni</a> would describe as a communitarianism (see, for instance,
+ <a href="http://communitariannetwork.org/about-communitarianism/">
+ http://communitariannetwork.org/about-communitarianism/</a>).
+ And communitarianism is by no means hostile to the market economy that
+ most people associate with capitalism. Quite the opposite. Would you
+ speak to what could be called the politics of your ethical system?
+</p></blockquote>
+
+<p>
+There is a place in life for business, but business should not be
+allowed dominate everyone's life. The original idea of democracy was
+to give the many a way to check the power of the wealthy few.
+</p>
+
+<p>
+Today business (and its owners) has far too much political power, and
+this undermines democracy in the US and abroad. Candidates face an
+effective veto by business, so they dare not disobey its orders.
+</p>
+<p>
+The power to make laws is being transferred from elected legislatures to
+nondemocratic bodies such as the <a
+href="http://www.fpif.org/reports/world_trade_organization">
+World Trade Organization</a>,
+which was designed <a
+href="https://www.citizen.org/trade/wto/Qatar/seattle_mini/articles.cfm?ID=5468">
+to subordinate public health,
+environmental protection, labor standards, and the general standard of
+living to the interests of business</a>. Under
+<a href="https://www.citizen.org/trade/nafta/votes/articles.cfm?ID=6473">
+NAFTA [North
+American Free Trade Associtation]</a>, a Canadian company which was
+convicted in Mississippi of anticompetitive practices is
+<a
href="https://www.citizen.org/trade/nafta/chapter11/articles.cfm?ID=1173">suing</a>
+for Federal compensation for its lost business due to the
+conviction. They claim that NAFTA takes away states' right to make laws
+against anticompetitive practices.
+</p>
+<p>
+But business is not satisfied yet. The proposed
+<a href="http://www.ftaa-alca.org/">FTAA [Free Trade Area of the
+Americas]</a> would require all governments to privatize their [public
+facilities] such as schools, water supply, record keeping, even social
+security. This is what Bush wants
+“<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fast_track_%28trade%29">fast
+track</a>” authority to push through.
+</p>
+<p>
+<a
href="http://web.archive.org/web/20130607095126/http://www.canadians.org/trade/issues/FTAA/Quebec/index.html">
+Peaceful protestors against the FTAA in Quebec were violently
+attacked by police</a>,
+who then blamed the fighting on the protestors. One protestor
+standing on the street was shot in the throat with a plastic bullet at a
+range of 20 feet. He is maimed for life, and seeks to press charges of
+attempted murder—if the cops will reveal who shot him.
+</p>
+<p>
+One protest organizer was attacked on the street by a gang that got
+out of a van, knocked him down, and beat him up. When his friends came
+to the rescue, the gang revealed itself as undercover police and took
+him away.
+</p>
+<p>
+Whatever democracy survives the globalization treaties is likely to be
+crushed by the efforts to suppress <a
+href="http://web.archive.org/web/20010515200253/http://stopftaa.org/">
+opposition to them</a>.
+</p>
+<blockquote><p>
+The most immediate criticism of your insistence on ethics would be
+that the ethic of free software is fine, but not relevant to the real
+world of business.
+</p></blockquote>
+<p>
+With over half the world's Web sites running on GNU/Linux and
+<a href="http://www.apache.org">Apache</a>, that is evidently just FUD.
+You should not give such falsehoods credibility by appearing to take them
+seriously yourself.
+</p>
+<blockquote><p>
+I think it is worse to leave implicit lies unanswered than to address
+them directly. The thrust of my argument was that Microsoft, for
+instance, would and does claim that free software does not make money
+and rather loses money. They argue it's a bad idea all around. I don't
+think that Microsoft is to be ignored, just as the WTO should not be
+ignored. But: my question was to suggest a rebuttal this self-evident
+FUD, not to credit the errors of others.
+</p></blockquote>
+
+<blockquote><p>
+ So, I'll rephrase my question: Microsoft has attacked the GPL
+ as business foolishness that is also bad for
+ “America” (whatever that means). They don't care
+ about community ethics. How do you then counter their FUD, or
+ for that matter, the FUD of those who share Microsoft's views?
+</p></blockquote>
+
+<blockquote><p>
+ Stallman did not respond to this query for clarification, but as it
+ happened, a <a href="/events/rms-nyu-2001-transcript.txt">speech</a>
+ he recently presented at New York University responded to
+ Microsoft's propaganda. The Free Software Foundation has presented a
+ <a href="/press/2001-05-04-GPL.html">defense</a>, of free software,
+ as well.
+</p></blockquote>
+
+<blockquote><p>
+ [To return to the interview…]
+</p></blockquote>
+
+<blockquote><p>
+ On a more individual level, how would you address the criticism of
+ person who would like to follow your ethical standards but feels she
+ cannot because she wants also to make money from her intellectual
+ work?
+</p></blockquote>
+
+<p>
+This hypothetical person appears to believe that developing free
+software is incompatible with being paid. If so, she is
+misinformed—hundreds of people are now paid to develop free
+software. Some of them work for Sun. She is challenging us to solve a
+problem that doesn't really exist.
+</p>
+<p>
+But what if she can't get one of these free software jobs? That could
+happen—not everybody can get them today. But it doesn't excuse
+developing proprietary software. A desire for profit is not wrong in
+itself, but it isn't the sort of urgent overriding cause that could
+excuse mistreating others. Proprietary software divides the users and
+keeps them helpless, and that is wrong. Nobody should do that.
+</p>
+<p>
+So what should she do instead? Anything else. She could get a job in
+another field. But she doesn't have to go that far—most software
+development is custom software, not meant to be published either as
+free software or as proprietary software. In most cases, she can do
+that without raising an ethical issue. It isn't heroism, but it isn't
+villainy either.
+</p>
+
+<blockquote><p>
+ But copyright can be thought of as an author's friend.
+</p></blockquote>
+
+<p>
+In the age of the printing press, that was true:
+<a href="http://www.ipo.gov.uk/types/copy/c-about/c-history.htm">copyright</a>
+was an industrial restriction on publishers, requiring them to pay the
+author of a book. It did not restrict the readers, because the actions
+it restricted were things only a publisher could do.
+</p>
+<p>
+But this is not true any more. Now copyright is a restriction on the
+public, for the sake of the publishers, who give the authors a small
+handout to buy their support against the public.
+</p>
+
+<blockquote><p>
+ In the current situation, then, who benefits most from copyright?
+</p></blockquote>
+
+<p>
+The publishers.
+</p>
+
+<blockquote><p>
+ Were I freelancing again, I would not want to release my works without
+ the minimal security of payment for my labor copyright affords.
+</p></blockquote>
+
+<p>
+You could do that without copyright. It is part of your business
+dealings with the magazine you are writing for.
+</p>
+
+<p>
+But please note that I don't say copyright should be entirely
+abolished. You can disagree with what I said, but it makes no sense to
+attack me for things I did not say. What I said in my speech was that
+software which is published should be free.
+</p>
+
+<blockquote><p>
+ For a more detailed accounting of Stallman's views regarding
+ copyright as extended to fields outside of software, readers
+ are urged to go to the <a href="/home.html">GNU web site</a>,
+ and to Stallman's <a href="http://www.stallman.org">personal
+ site</a>. In particular, readers might want to look at
+ “<a href="/philosophy/copyright-and-globalization.html">Copyright
+ and Globalization in the Age of Computer Networks</a>”
+ presented at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology in
+ Cambridge, Massachusetts on 19 April 2001. Discussing his
+ views on copyright as extended to non-software fields,
+ Stallman mentioned, in the interview, “Those are ideas
+ that I came to after some years of working on free software.
+ People asked me the question, ‘How do these ideas extend
+ to other kinds of information,’ so in the 90s I started
+ thinking about the question. This speech gives my thought on
+ the question.”
+</p></blockquote>
+
+<p>
+On another point: recently, Argentina became the first country to
+consider requiring all government offices to use free software (see,
+for instance,
+<a href="http://www.wired.com/techbiz/media/news/2001/05/43529">
+http://www.wired.com/techbiz/media/news/2001/05/43529</a>).
+</p>
+<p>
+I think the regulation is still being discussed—not adopted yet.
+</p>
+
+<blockquote><p>
+ As far as I know, that is still the case… However,
+ whether the legislation has been implemented or not, the news
+ is still encouraging, as at least free software is being
+ considered seriously as a legitimate option. What does this
+ (and other news) suggest regarding your future efforts? That
+ is, are you going to pitch the cause more strongly to
+ developing nations?
+</p></blockquote>
+
+<p>
+Yes. I am on my way to South Africa in two weeks [from the time of
+this writing, mid-May], and a Free Software Foundation is being
+started in India. There is also great interest in Brazil.
+</p>
+
+<blockquote><p>
+ A last point. The so-called “Open Source” movement
+ is by and large devoid of humor. Not so the “Free
+ Software” movement. You, in your lectures and in your
+ song, provide a gratifying humorousness. I'd like to finish by
+ asking, What do you accomplish by this?
+</p></blockquote>
+
+<p>
+I accomplish mirth. That's the hacker spirit—Ha Ha, Only Serious.
+</p>
+
+</div><!-- for id="content", starts in the include above -->
+<!--#include virtual="/server/footer.html" -->
+<div id="footer">
+
+<p>Please send general FSF & GNU inquiries to
+<a href="mailto:address@hidden"><address@hidden></a>.
+There are also <a href="/contact/">other ways to contact</a>
+the FSF. Broken links and other corrections or suggestions can be sent
+to <a href="mailto:address@hidden"><address@hidden></a>.</p>
+
+<p><!-- TRANSLATORS: Ignore the original text in this paragraph,
+ replace it with the translation of these two:
+
+ We work hard and do our best to provide accurate, good quality
+ translations. However, we are not exempt from imperfection.
+ Please send your comments and general suggestions in this regard
+ to <a href="mailto:address@hidden">
+ <address@hidden></a>.</p>
+
+ <p>For information on coordinating and submitting translations of
+ our web pages, see <a
+ href="/server/standards/README.translations.html">Translations
+ README</a>. -->
+Please see the <a
+href="/server/standards/README.translations.html">Translations
+README</a> for information on coordinating and submitting translations
+of this article.</p>
+
+<!-- Regarding copyright, in general, standalone pages (as opposed to
+ files generated as part of manuals) on the GNU web server should
+ be under CC BY-ND 3.0 US. Please do NOT change or remove this
+ without talking with the webmasters or licensing team first.
+ Please make sure the copyright date is consistent with the
+ document. For web pages, it is ok to list just the latest year the
+ document was modified, or published.
+
+ If you wish to list earlier years, that is ok too.
+ Either "2001, 2002, 2003" or "2001-2003" are ok for specifying
+ years, as long as each year in the range is in fact a copyrightable
+ year, i.e., a year in which the document was published (including
+ being publicly visible on the web or in a revision control system).
+
+ There is more detail about copyright years in the GNU Maintainers
+ Information document, www.gnu.org/prep/maintain. -->
+
+<p>Copyright © 2001, 2007, 2013 Free Software Foundation, Inc.</p>
+
+<p>This page is licensed under a <a rel="license"
+href="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nd/3.0/us/">Creative
+Commons Attribution-NoDerivs 3.0 United States License</a>.</p>
+
+<!--#include virtual="/server/bottom-notes.html" -->
+
+<p>Updated:
+<!-- timestamp start -->
+$Date: 2013/11/27 15:29:05 $
+<!-- timestamp end -->
+</p>
+</div>
+</div>
+</body>
+</html>
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