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Modified files:
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Added files:
philosophy : new-monopoly.ru.html
philosophy/po : new-monopoly.ru-en.html
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Patches:
Index: po/new-monopoly.ru.po
===================================================================
RCS file: /web/www/www/philosophy/po/new-monopoly.ru.po,v
retrieving revision 1.1
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diff -u -b -r1.1 -r1.2
--- po/new-monopoly.ru.po 23 Nov 2013 11:13:28 -0000 1.1
+++ po/new-monopoly.ru.po 23 Nov 2013 11:30:18 -0000 1.2
@@ -290,10 +290,10 @@
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Index: po/new-monopoly.translist
===================================================================
RCS file: /web/www/www/philosophy/po/new-monopoly.translist,v
retrieving revision 1.8
retrieving revision 1.9
diff -u -b -r1.8 -r1.9
--- po/new-monopoly.translist 17 Jul 2013 15:32:21 -0000 1.8
+++ po/new-monopoly.translist 23 Nov 2013 11:30:18 -0000 1.9
@@ -4,6 +4,7 @@
<p>
<span dir="ltr" class="original"><a lang="en" hreflang="en"
href="/philosophy/new-monopoly.en.html">English</a> [en]</span>
<span dir="ltr"><a lang="fr" hreflang="fr"
href="/philosophy/new-monopoly.fr.html">français</a> [fr]</span>
+<span dir="ltr"><a lang="ru" hreflang="ru"
href="/philosophy/new-monopoly.ru.html">ÑÑÑÑкий</a> [ru]</span>
</p>
</div>' -->
<!--#if expr="$HTML_BODY = yes" -->
Index: new-monopoly.ru.html
===================================================================
RCS file: new-monopoly.ru.html
diff -N new-monopoly.ru.html
--- /dev/null 1 Jan 1970 00:00:00 -0000
+++ new-monopoly.ru.html 23 Nov 2013 11:30:17 -0000 1.1
@@ -0,0 +1,307 @@
+
+
+<!--#include virtual="/server/header.ru.html" -->
+<!-- Parent-Version: 1.75 -->
+
+<!-- This file is automatically generated by GNUnited Nations! -->
+ <!--#set var="ENGLISH_PAGE" value="/philosophy/new-monopoly.en.html" -->
+
+<title>ÐонгÑеÑÑ Ð¡Ð¨Ð ÑгÑÐ¾Ð¶Ð°ÐµÑ ÑÑÑановиÑÑ
новÑÑ ÑазновидноÑÑÑ Ð¼Ð¾Ð½Ð¾Ð¿Ð¾Ð»Ð¸Ð¸ - ÐÑÐ¾ÐµÐºÑ GNU
+- Фонд Ñвободного пÑогÑаммного
обеÑпеÑениÑ</title>
+
+<!--#include virtual="/philosophy/po/new-monopoly.translist" -->
+<!--#include virtual="/server/banner.ru.html" -->
+<h2>ÐонгÑеÑÑ Ð¡Ð¨Ð ÑгÑÐ¾Ð¶Ð°ÐµÑ ÑÑÑановиÑÑ Ð½Ð¾Ð²ÑÑ
ÑазновидноÑÑÑ Ð¼Ð¾Ð½Ð¾Ð¿Ð¾Ð»Ð¸Ð¸</h2>
+
+<p>
+Ðомпании, коÑоÑÑе Ñ
оÑÑÑ Ð¿Ð¾Ð»ÑÑиÑÑ
монополÑнÑÑ Ð²Ð»Ð°ÑÑÑ Ð´Ð»Ñ ÐºÐ¾Ð½ÑÑолÑ
+обÑеÑÑвенного полÑÐ·Ð¾Ð²Ð°Ð½Ð¸Ñ Ð¸Ð½ÑоÑмаÑией,
полÑÑаемой нами из баз даннÑÑ
, в ÑÑом
+Ð³Ð¾Ð´Ñ Ð¿ÑÑаÑÑÑÑ Ð¿ÑовеÑÑи в СШРзакон —
ÑÐ¾Ð·Ð´Ð°Ð²Ð°Ñ (впеÑвÑе) ÑаÑÑнÑÑ
+Ð¼Ð¾Ð½Ð¾Ð¿Ð¾Ð»Ð¸Ñ Ð½Ð° воÑпÑоизведение пÑблиÑно
извеÑÑнÑÑ
Ñведений. Ðни пÑименÑÑÑ
+меÑод “Ñ
оÑоÑего и плоÑ
ого
законопÑоекÑов” —
+“плоÑ
ой” законопÑÐ¾ÐµÐºÑ — HR 354;
+“Ñ
оÑоÑий” законопÑÐ¾ÐµÐºÑ —
HR 1858.</p>
+<p>
+ÐÑо извеÑÑнÑй меÑод. СнаÑала один
законодаÑÐµÐ»Ñ Ð¿ÑÐµÐ´Ð»Ð°Ð³Ð°ÐµÑ Ð²Ð¾Ð·Ð¼ÑÑиÑелÑнÑй
+законопÑÐ¾ÐµÐºÑ — пÑÐ¾ÐµÐºÑ Ð·Ð°ÐºÐ¾Ð½Ð°,
коÑоÑÑй ÑаÑпÑеделÑÐµÑ Ð±Ð¾Ð»ÑÑие
+колиÑеÑÑва денег или влаÑÑи в инÑеÑеÑаÑ
опÑеделеннÑÑ
кÑÑгов и не ÑлÑжиÑ
+никаким законнÑм обÑеÑÑвеннÑм нÑждам. ÐÑо
вÑзÑÐ²Ð°ÐµÑ Ð¾ÑÐ²ÐµÑ Ñ
оÑа оппозиÑии,
+пÑедÑÑавлÑÑÑей инÑеÑеÑÑ Ð´ÑÑгиÑ
кÑÑгов,
коÑоÑÑми ÑÑÐ¾Ñ Ð·Ð°ÐºÐ¾Ð½ пÑенебÑегал бÑ.</p>
+<p>
+Таким обÑазом, вÑоÑой законодаÑелÑ
пÑÐµÐ´Ð»Ð°Ð³Ð°ÐµÑ Ð±Ð¾Ð»ÐµÐµ оÑÑоÑожнÑй законопÑоекÑ,
+более аккÑÑаÑно напиÑаннÑй, Ñ Ð½ÐµÐºÐ¾ÑоÑÑми
пÑедоÑ
ÑаниÑелÑнÑми меÑами,
+иÑклÑÑаÑÑими какие-Ñо кÑÑпнÑе
злоÑпоÑÑеблениÑ, пÑедлагаÑÑий
ÑаÑпÑеделение
+менÑÑего колиÑеÑÑва вÑгод в инÑеÑеÑаÑ
неÑколÑко более ÑиÑокого ÑпекÑÑа Ñлоев
+обÑеÑÑва — и Ñем не менее ÑнижаÑÑий
обÑеÑÑвенное богаÑÑÑво или
+ÑÐ²Ð¾Ð±Ð¾Ð´Ñ Ð¾Ð±ÑеÑÑва.</p>
+<p>
+ÐÑоÑой законопÑоекÑ, как пÑавило, воÑÑ
валÑÑÑ Ð·Ð° его
+“ÑбаланÑиÑованнÑй” подÑ
од, и
заинÑеÑеÑованнÑе гÑÑппÑ, коÑоÑÑе
+могли Ð±Ñ Ð²Ð¾Ð·ÑажаÑÑ Ð¿ÑоÑив ÑÑой идеи
вообÑе, ÑÑвÑÑвÑÑÑ ÑÐµÐ±Ñ Ð¾Ð±ÑзаннÑми
+поддеÑжаÑÑ ÐµÐ³Ð¾, ÑÑÐ¾Ð±Ñ Ð³Ð°ÑанÑиÑоваÑÑ, ÑÑо
не пÑÐ¾Ð¹Ð´ÐµÑ Ð¿ÐµÑвÑй, еÑе Ñ
ÑдÑий
+законопÑоекÑ. ÐоÑколÑÐºÑ Ð½Ðµ оÑÑаеÑÑÑ Ð¿Ð¾ÑÑи
никакой оппозиÑии, вÑоÑой
+законопÑÐ¾ÐµÐºÑ Ð¿ÑоÑ
одиÑ, и обÑеÑÑво делаеÑ
Ñаг к Ñ
ÑдÑемÑ.</p>
+<p>
+ЧеÑез неÑколÑко Ð»ÐµÑ Ð¿ÐµÑвÑй законодаÑелÑ
Ð¼Ð¾Ð¶ÐµÑ Ð¿ÑедложиÑÑ Ð´ÑÑгÑÑ
+ÑаздаÑÑ. ÐÑли Ð¼Ñ Ð±Ñдем пÑодолжаÑÑ ÐºÐ°Ð¶Ð´Ñй
Ñаз Ð½Ð°Ð¿Ð¾Ð»Ð¾Ð²Ð¸Ð½Ñ ÑоглаÑаÑÑÑÑ Ñ Ñеми,
+кÑо его ÑинанÑиÑÑеÑ, Ñо Ñо вÑеменем они
могÑÑ Ð¿Ð¾Ð»ÑÑиÑÑ ÑÑолÑко, ÑколÑко
+пожелаÑÑ.</p>
+<p>
+Ðа ÑÑÐ¾Ñ Ñаз “плоÑ
ой”
законопÑÐ¾ÐµÐºÑ — HR 354,
+коÑоÑÑй ÑакÑиÑеÑки позволил Ð±Ñ ÑакÑам
ÑÑановиÑÑÑÑ ÑаÑÑной ÑобÑÑвенноÑÑÑÑ
+пÑоÑÑо Ñ Ð¿Ð¾Ð¼Ð¾ÑÑÑ Ð²ÐºÐ»ÑÑÐµÐ½Ð¸Ñ Ð¸Ñ
в
ÑлекÑÑоннÑÑ Ð±Ð°Ð·Ñ Ð´Ð°Ð½Ð½ÑÑ
. Ðаже Ñпоминание
+более Ñем гоÑÑÑи ÑакÑов из лÑбой базÑ
даннÑÑ
в пÑбликаÑии бÑло бÑ
+незаконнÑм, еÑли Ð²Ñ Ð½Ðµ могли Ð±Ñ Ð¿Ð¾Ð»ÑÑиÑÑ Ð¸Ñ
из какого-Ñо дÑÑгого
+иÑÑоÑника — ÑÑо заÑаÑÑÑÑ Ð½ÐµÐ²Ð¾Ð·Ð¼Ð¾Ð¶Ð½Ð¾,
поÑколÑÐºÑ Ð²Ð¾ многиÑ
ÑлÑÑаÑÑ
+дÑÑгого незавиÑимого иÑÑоÑника
опÑеделенного Ñода ÑакÑов пÑоÑÑо неÑ.</p>
+<p>
+РаÑÑмоÑÑим, к пÑимеÑÑ, ÑÑÐµÑ Ð½Ð°
пÑоÑеÑÑионалÑнÑÑ
ÑпоÑÑивнÑÑ
ÑоÑевнованиÑÑ
.
+Ðн подÑÑиÑÑваеÑÑÑ ÐºÐ¾Ð¼Ð¿ÑÑÑеÑом, памÑÑÑ
коÑоÑого можно ÑÑиÑаÑÑ Ð±Ð°Ð·Ð¾Ð¹ даннÑÑ
. Ð
+ÑооÑвеÑÑÑвии Ñ HR 354, ÑегÑлÑÑно пеÑаÑаÑÑ
ÑезÑлÑÑаÑÑ ÑоÑевнований в
+газеÑе ÑÑало Ð±Ñ Ð½ÐµÐ·Ð°ÐºÐ¾Ð½Ð½Ñм.</p>
+<p>
+HR 354, возможно, пеÑедал Ð±Ñ Network Solution веÑнÑÑ
Ð¼Ð¾Ð½Ð¾Ð¿Ð¾Ð»Ð¸Ñ Ð½Ð° базÑ
+даннÑÑ
доменнÑÑ
имен ÐнÑеÑнеÑа, ÑÑо
Ñделало Ð±Ñ Ð½ÐµÐ²Ð¾Ð·Ð¼Ð¾Ð¶Ð½Ñм лÑбое изменение в
+ÑпÑавлении доменами веÑÑ
него ÑÑовнÑ.</p>
+<p>
+Ð ÑооÑвеÑÑÑвии Ñ HR 354, лÑÐ±Ð°Ñ Ð¿ÑогÑамма
ÑвлÑеÑÑÑ Ð±Ð°Ð·Ð¾Ð¹ даннÑÑ
. Так ÑÑо
+еÑли ÑакÑÑ Ð¾ полÑзоваÑелÑÑком инÑеÑÑейÑе
или пÑогÑаммнÑÑ
пÑоÑоколаÑ
нелÑзÑ
+полÑÑиÑÑ Ð±Ð¾Ð»ÑÑе ниоÑкÑда, Ñо лÑбаÑ
ÑовмеÑÑÐ¸Ð¼Ð°Ñ Ð¿ÑогÑамма бÑла бÑ
+запÑеÑена. ÐÑо бÑло Ð±Ñ Ð¾Ð¿ÑÑÑоÑиÑелÑно длÑ
бÑдÑÑего ÑвободнÑÑ
пÑогÑамм.</p>
+<p>
+Ðак ÑÑо ни зловеÑе, многие ÑобÑаниÑ
обÑеÑÑвеннÑÑ
запиÑей, коÑоÑÑе ведÑÑÑÑ
+компаниÑми по конÑÑакÑÑ Ñ Ð³Ð¾ÑÑдаÑÑÑвом,
ÑÑали Ð±Ñ ÑобÑÑвенноÑÑÑÑ ÑÑиÑ
+компаний.</p>
+<p>
+Ð ÐÐ°Ð¿Ð°Ð´Ð½Ð°Ñ Ð¸Ð·Ð´Ð°ÑелÑÑÐºÐ°Ñ ÐºÐ¾Ð¼Ð¿Ð°Ð½Ð¸Ñ Ð²ÐµÑнÑла
Ð±Ñ Ñебе ÑакÑиÑеÑкÑÑ Ð¼Ð¾Ð½Ð¾Ð¿Ð¾Ð»Ð¸Ñ Ð½Ð°
+даннÑе, нÑжнÑе Ð´Ð»Ñ Ð¿Ð¾Ð´Ð°Ñи ÑÑдебнÑÑ
заÑвлений на болÑÑой ÑаÑÑи СШÐ. ÐомпаниÑ
+Ð²ÐµÐ´ÐµÑ Ð±Ð°Ð·Ñ Ð´Ð°Ð½Ð½ÑÑ
ÑÑдебнÑÑ
ÑеÑений, а
некоÑоÑÑе ÑÑÐ´Ñ ÑÑебÑÑÑ, ÑÑÐ¾Ð±Ñ Ð²
+заÑвлениÑÑ
пÑиводилиÑÑ ÑÑи ÑеÑÐµÐ½Ð¸Ñ Ñ
Ñказанием номеÑов ÑÑÑаниÑ, на коÑоÑÑÑ
+они поÑвлÑÑÑÑÑ Ð² базе даннÑÑ
компании.</p>
+<p>
+ÐÐ°Ð¿Ð°Ð´Ð½Ð°Ñ Ð¸Ð·Ð´Ð°ÑелÑÑÐºÐ°Ñ ÐºÐ¾Ð¼Ð¿Ð°Ð½Ð¸Ñ, ÑÑÑемÑÑÑ
пÑедоÑвÑаÑиÑÑ Ð´Ð¾ÑÑÑп к необÑ
одимой
+инÑоÑмаÑии ÑеÑез каналÑ, оÑлиÑнÑе Ð¾Ñ Ð¸Ñ
доÑогоÑÑоÑÑей ÑлÑжбÑ, ÑÑвеÑждала,
+ÑÑо ÑазмеÑка на ÑÑÑаниÑÑ Ð¸ номеÑа ÑÑÑаниÑ
ÑвлÑÑÑÑÑ Ð¾Ð±ÑекÑами авÑоÑÑкого
+пÑава, но ФедеÑалÑнÑй ÑÑд поÑÑановил, ÑÑо
ÑÑо не Ñак. РеÑение ÑÑда глаÑило,
+ÑÑо ÑÑи номеÑа ÑÑÑÐ°Ð½Ð¸Ñ Ð¿ÑоиÑÑекаÑÑ Ð½Ðµ из
ÑвоÑÑеÑкиÑ
ÑпоÑобноÑÑей, Ñак ÑÑо
+авÑоÑÑкое пÑаво на ниÑ
не
ÑаÑпÑоÑÑÑанÑеÑÑÑ. Ðо они неÑомненно
ÑвлÑÑÑÑÑ Ð±Ð°Ð·Ð¾Ð¹
+даннÑÑ
, Ñак ÑÑо HR 354 запÑеÑил Ð±Ñ Ð²Ñем
дÑÑгим ÑнабжаÑÑ Ð¾Ð±ÑеÑÑво ÑÑими
+даннÑми — пÑедоÑÑавлÑÑ Ñем ÑамÑм
компании веÑнÑÑ Ð¼Ð¾Ð½Ð¾Ð¿Ð¾Ð»Ð¸Ñ Ð½Ð°Ð´
+Ñамим законом.</p>
+<p>
+HR 354 Ñоздавал Ð±Ñ Ñакже помеÑ
и в наÑÑнÑÑ
иÑÑледованиÑÑ
, генеалогиÑеÑкиÑ
+изÑÑканиÑÑ
, пÑбликаÑии опÑовÑÑ
Ñен и
многиÑ
дÑÑгиÑ
ÑÑеÑаÑ
жизни и
+деÑÑелÑноÑÑи. Так ÑÑо Ð½ÐµÑ Ð½Ð¸Ñего
ÑдивиÑелÑного в Ñом, ÑÑо он вÑзвал ÑакÑÑ
+ÑилÑнÑÑ Ð¾Ð¿Ð¿Ð¾Ð·Ð¸ÑиÑ. ÐеÑÑ
овнÑй ÑÑд мог бÑ
оÑвеÑгнÑÑÑ Ð·Ð°ÐºÐ¾Ð½Ð¾Ð¿ÑÐ¾ÐµÐºÑ ÐºÐ°Ðº
+неконÑÑиÑÑÑионнÑй, но никÑо не Ñ
оÑеÑ
полагаÑÑÑÑ Ð½Ð° ÑÑо. ÐÑÑÑда возникаеÑ
+HR 1858 — “Ñ
оÑоÑий”
законопÑÐ¾ÐµÐºÑ ÑÑого года.</p>
+<p>
+HR 1858 в Ñвном виде Ð¸Ð·Ð±ÐµÐ³Ð°ÐµÑ Ð±Ð¾Ð»ÑÑинÑÑва
наиболее возмÑÑиÑелÑнÑÑ
+пÑоблем. Ðн ÑÑÑÐ°Ð½Ð°Ð²Ð»Ð¸Ð²Ð°ÐµÑ Ð±Ð¾Ð»ÐµÐµ Ñзкий вид
монополии, допÑÑÐºÐ°Ñ Ð¿Ñименение
+ÑакÑов в базе даннÑÑ
дÑÑгого вида или в Ñем
Ñгодно, кÑоме ÑлекÑÑонной базÑ
+даннÑÑ
.</p>
+<p>
+Таким обÑазом, Ð²Ñ Ð¿Ð¾-пÑÐµÐ¶Ð½ÐµÐ¼Ñ ÑможеÑе
пеÑаÑаÑÑ Ð² ÑÑаÑÑе ÑезÑлÑÑаÑÑ Ð¸Ð³Ñ,
+поÑÐ¾Ð¼Ñ ÑÑо ÑÑаÑÑÑ Ð½Ðµ ÑÑиÑаеÑÑÑ Ð±Ð°Ð·Ð¾Ð¹
даннÑÑ
. ÐÑогÑамма в ÑамкаÑ
HR 1858
+Ñоже не база даннÑÑ
, Ñак ÑÑо ÑÑо не ÑоздаÑÑ
нового пÑепÑÑÑÑÐ²Ð¸Ñ Ðº напиÑаниÑ
+ÑовмеÑÑимÑÑ
пÑогÑамм.</p>
+<p>
+HR 1858 Ñакже иÑклÑÑÐ°ÐµÑ Ð±Ð°Ð·Ñ Ð´Ð°Ð½Ð½ÑÑ
длÑ
ÑабоÑÑ ÐнÑеÑнеÑа (но не Ð±Ð°Ð·Ñ Ð´Ð°Ð½Ð½ÑÑ
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Ð´Ð»Ñ ÑабоÑÑ Ð±ÑдÑÑиÑ
вÑемиÑнÑÑ
ÑиÑÑем,
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+<p>
+ШиÑокий кÑÑг оÑганизаÑий поддеÑживаеÑ
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+влаÑÑÑ.</p>
+<p>
+HR 1858 гоÑаздо менее вÑеден, Ñем
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HR 1858. Ðо ÑледÑÐµÑ Ð»Ð¸ нам
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менÑÑей поÑеÑей ÑвободÑ?</p>
+<p>
+СÑоÑонники ÑÑиÑ
законов, конеÑно,
пÑедлагаÑÑ Ð´Ð¾Ð²Ð¾Ð´Ñ Ð² полÑÐ·Ñ Ñвоего
+пÑÐµÐ´Ð»Ð¾Ð¶ÐµÐ½Ð¸Ñ Ð¿Ð¾ огÑаниÑÐµÐ½Ð¸Ñ Ð½Ð°Ñей ÑвободÑ.
Ðо иÑ
Ñловам, никÑо не бÑÐ´ÐµÑ Ð²ÐµÑÑи
+Ð±Ð°Ð·Ñ Ð´Ð°Ð½Ð½ÑÑ
без монополии на ÑодеÑжимое. У
ниÑ
Ð½ÐµÑ Ð½Ð¸ÐºÐ°ÐºÐ¾Ð³Ð¾ конкÑеÑного
+ÑвидеÑелÑÑÑва в подÑвеÑждение ÑÑого
заÑвлениÑ; оно оÑновано на ÑлеменÑе
+веÑÑ: обÑем пÑедположении, ÑÑо никÑо не
бÑÐ´ÐµÑ Ð½Ð¸Ñего делаÑÑ Ð±ÐµÐ· монополии на
+ÑезÑлÑÑаÑ.</p>
+<p>
+ÐÑего неÑколÑко Ð»ÐµÑ Ð½Ð°Ð·Ð°Ð´ Ñо же Ñамое
говоÑилоÑÑ Ð¾ пÑогÑаммаÑ
—
+ÑÑо никÑо не бÑÐ´ÐµÑ Ð¿Ð¸ÑаÑÑ Ð¿ÑогÑаммÑ, еÑли Ñ
него не бÑÐ´ÐµÑ Ð¼Ð¾Ð½Ð¾Ð¿Ð¾Ð»Ð¸Ð¸ на
+ниÑ
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доказало, ÑÑо ÑÑо непÑавда, и пÑи ÑÑом
+Ð¼Ñ Ð¾Ð¿ÑовеÑгли ÑÑо обÑее пÑедположение.
Ðгоизм не ÑоÑÑавлÑÐµÑ ÑеловеÑеÑкÑÑ
+наÑÑÑÑ Ñеликом. Ðо менÑÑей меÑе одна из
ÑазновидноÑÑей ÑмÑÑвеннÑÑ
ÑабоÑ
+<em>можеÑ</em> пÑоводиÑÑÑÑ Ð±ÐµÐ· монополии на
ÑезÑлÑÑаÑÑ.</p>
+<p>
+Ðо Ð±Ð°Ð·Ñ Ð´Ð°Ð½Ð½ÑÑ
— ÑÑо не пÑогÑаммÑ.
ÐÑÐ´ÐµÑ Ð»Ð¸ кÑо-нибÑÐ´Ñ ÑазвиваÑÑ
+Ð±Ð°Ð·Ñ Ð´Ð°Ð½Ð½ÑÑ
без закона о монополии на базÑ
даннÑÑ
?</p>
+<p>
+ÐÑ Ð·Ð½Ð°ÐµÐ¼, ÑÑо бÑÐ´ÐµÑ — поÑÐ¾Ð¼Ñ ÑÑо они
Ñже делаÑÑ ÑÑо. СейÑаÑ
+доÑÑÑÐ¿Ð½Ñ Ð¼Ð½Ð¾Ð³Ð¸Ðµ ÑлекÑÑоннÑе Ð±Ð°Ð·Ñ Ð´Ð°Ð½Ð½ÑÑ
, и
колиÑеÑÑво иÑ
ÑвелиÑиваеÑÑÑ, а не
+ÑнижаеÑÑÑ. Ð Ð±Ð°Ð·Ñ Ð´Ð°Ð½Ð½ÑÑ
многиÑ
видов
пÑедÑÑавлÑÑÑ Ñобой побоÑнÑе пÑодÑкÑÑ
+или даже пÑедпоÑÑлки Ð´Ð»Ñ Ð´ÑÑгой
деÑÑелÑноÑÑи, коÑоÑÑÑ Ð»Ñди ведÑÑ Ð¿Ð¾ дÑÑгим
+пÑиÑинам.</p>
+<p>
+Ðомпании, занимаÑÑиеÑÑ Ð±Ð°Ð·Ð°Ð¼Ð¸ даннÑÑ
, не
могÑÑ ÑÑого оÑÑиÑаÑÑ, Ñак ÑÑо они
+гÑозÑÑ Ð½Ð°Ð¼ неопÑеделенноÑÑÑÑ Ð±ÑдÑÑего.
“ÐожеÑ, ÑÐµÐ³Ð¾Ð´Ð½Ñ Ð¼Ñ ÑÑо и
+делаем, но ÑеÑез деÑÑÑÑ Ð»ÐµÑ Ð½Ð¸ÐºÑо ÑÑим
болÑÑе занимаÑÑÑÑ Ð½Ðµ бÑдеÑ, еÑли вÑ
+не дадиÑе нам ÑÑой оÑобой пÑивилегии”.</p>
+<p>
+ÐÑ Ð½Ðµ знаем, ÑÑо ÑлÑÑиÑÑÑ Ð·Ð° деÑÑÑÑ Ð»ÐµÑ; не
знаÑÑ Ð¸ они. ÐкономиÑеÑкаÑ
+обÑÑановка в ÐнÑеÑнеÑе ÑÑÑемиÑелÑно
менÑеÑÑÑ, никÑо не знаеÑ, кÑда она
+зайдеÑ. ÐÐ¾Ð¶ÐµÑ Ð±ÑÑÑ, в 2009 годÑ
коммеÑÑеÑкие Ð±Ð°Ð·Ñ Ð´Ð°Ð½Ð½ÑÑ
иÑÑезнÑÑ
+из ÐнÑеÑнеÑа. Ð Ð¼Ð¾Ð¶ÐµÑ Ð±ÑÑÑ, они бÑдÑÑ Ð¸Ð¼ÐµÑÑ
болÑÑой ÑÑпеÑ
. ÐÐ¾Ð¶ÐµÑ Ð±ÑÑÑ, ÑеÑи
+добÑоволÑÑев ÑÑанÑÑ Ð¿Ð¾Ð´Ð´ÐµÑживаÑÑ Ð²Ñе базÑ
даннÑÑ
, какие ÑолÑко кÑо-нибÑдÑ
+Ð¼Ð¾Ð¶ÐµÑ Ð¿Ð¾Ð¶ÐµÐ»Ð°ÑÑ. ÐÐ¾Ð¶ÐµÑ Ð±ÑÑÑ, Ñеклама
ÑоÑÑÐ°Ð²Ð¸Ñ Ð½ÐµÐ¿Ð»Ð¾Ñ
ой иÑÑоÑник доÑ
ода длÑ
+лÑбой компании, ведÑÑей Ð±Ð°Ð·Ñ Ð´Ð°Ð½Ð½ÑÑ
; можеÑ
бÑÑÑ, и гоÑаздо более ÑлабÑй
+закон, в коÑоÑом Ñказано: “ÐÑли вÑ
пеÑеÑаÑпÑоÑÑÑанÑеÑе наÑÑ Ð±Ð°Ð·Ñ
+даннÑÑ
, Ñо Ð²Ñ Ð´Ð¾Ð»Ð¶Ð½Ñ Ñакже
пеÑеÑаÑпÑоÑÑÑанÑÑÑ Ð¸ наÑÑ Ñекламє,—
+ÑлÑжил Ð±Ñ Ð¸Ñ
инÑеÑеÑам поÑÑи Ñак же Ñ
оÑоÑо.
ÐÑого никÑо не знаеÑ.</p>
+<p>
+Ðнаем Ð¼Ñ Ñо, ÑÑо бÑдÑÑ Ð¿ÐµÑеменÑ; еÑли закон
о базаÑ
даннÑÑ
пÑÐ¾Ð¹Ð´ÐµÑ Ð² ÑÑом
+годÑ, Ñо ÑеÑез неÑколÑко Ð»ÐµÑ Ð¾Ð½ ÑÑÑаÑееÑ.
Ðо лÑÐ±Ð°Ñ Ð¿Ð¾Ð¿ÑÑка оÑмениÑÑ ÐµÐ³Ð¾
+вÑÑÑеÑÐ¸Ñ Ð¾Ð¿Ð¿Ð¾Ð·Ð¸ÑÐ¸Ñ ÐºÐ¾Ð¼Ð¿Ð°Ð½Ð¸Ð¹, занимаÑÑиÑ
ÑÑ
базами даннÑÑ
, коÑоÑÑе бÑдÑÑ
+оÑÑÑаиваÑÑ Ñвои пÑивилегии, пÑедÑказÑваÑ,
ÑÑо без ниÑ
небо ÑÐ¿Ð°Ð´ÐµÑ Ð½Ð°
+землÑ. Ðни бÑдÑÑ Ð³Ð¾Ð²Ð¾ÑиÑÑ: “ÐÑ
ÑÑÑеÑÑвÑем, Ñак ÑÑо закон, оÑевидно,
+ÑабоÑаеє.</p>
+<p>
+ÐлÑпоÑÑÑ (еÑли не Ñ
Ñже) — замÑкаÑÑÑÑ
на огÑаниÑиÑелÑной полиÑике
+в ÑÑом годÑ, ÑÑÐ¾Ð±Ñ ÑеÑиÑÑ Ð¿ÑоблемÑ, коÑоÑаÑ
ÑÑÑеÑÑвÑÐµÑ Ð»Ð¸ÑÑ
+ÑмозÑиÑелÑно. ÐÐ¾Ð½Ð¾Ð¿Ð¾Ð»Ð¸Ñ Ð½Ð° Ð±Ð°Ð·Ñ Ð´Ð°Ð½Ð½ÑÑ
оÑÐ½Ð¸Ð¼ÐµÑ Ñ Ð²Ð°Ñ ÑвободÑ, ÑÑо
+ÑкоÑопалиÑелÑÐ½Ð°Ñ ÑÑÑÑпка инÑеÑеÑам
огÑаниÑеннÑÑ
кÑÑгов, и в ней Ð½ÐµÑ ÑÑной
+обÑеÑÑвенной необÑ
одимоÑÑи. ÐмеÑÑо ÑÑого
нам ÑледÑÐµÑ Ð´Ð°ÑÑ ÐнÑеÑнеÑÑ ÑозÑеÑÑ
+и понÑÑÑ, какие пÑÐ¾Ð±Ð»ÐµÐ¼Ñ Ð²
дейÑÑвиÑелÑноÑÑи нÑжно ÑеÑаÑÑ.</p>
+<p>
+Так ÑÑо, еÑли Ð²Ñ Ð¸Ð·Ð±Ð¸ÑаÑÐµÐ»Ñ Ð¡Ð¨Ð, напиÑиÑе
ÑÐ²Ð¾ÐµÐ¼Ñ ÐºÐ¾Ð½Ð³ÑеÑÑменÑ. СкажиÑе, ÑÑо
+еÑли Ñ Ð½ÐµÐ³Ð¾ или Ñ Ð½ÐµÐµ еÑÑÑ Ð²Ð¾Ð·Ð¼Ð¾Ð¶Ð½Ð¾ÑÑÑ
пÑоголоÑоваÑÑ Ð¾ Ñом, должен ли
+законопÑÐ¾ÐµÐºÑ Ð±ÑÑÑ Ð¿Ð¾Ñ
ож на HR 354 или на
HR 1858, пÑÑÑÑ Ð²ÑбиÑаеÑ
+HR 1858. РзаÑем поÑовеÑÑйÑе, когда
законодаÑелÑнÑй пÑоÑеÑÑ Ð² конÑе
+конÑов Ð¿Ð¾Ð´Ð¾Ð¹Ð´ÐµÑ Ðº голоÑованиÑ,
пÑоголоÑоваÑÑ Ð¿ÑоÑив ÑÑого, ÑÑо Ð±Ñ Ð½Ð¸
+говоÑилоÑÑ Ð² законопÑоекÑе.</p>
+<p>
+Я напиÑал обÑÐ°Ð·ÐµÑ Ð¿Ð¸ÑÑма, коÑоÑÑм вÑ
можеÑе воÑполÑзоваÑÑÑÑ, но помниÑе, ÑÑо
+ваÑе пиÑÑмо бÑÐ´ÐµÑ Ð±Ð¾Ð»ÐµÐµ веÑомо, еÑли вÑ
напиÑиÑе его Ñвоими Ñловами. ÐоÑлиÑе
+Ñвое пиÑÑмо на бÑмаге; ÑлекÑÑÐ¾Ð½Ð½Ð°Ñ Ð¿Ð¾ÑÑа
не пÑÐ¾Ð¸Ð·Ð²Ð¾Ð´Ð¸Ñ Ð½Ð° законодаÑелей
+впеÑаÑлениÑ, поÑÐ¾Ð¼Ñ ÑÑо они знаÑÑ, как
легко ее поÑÑлаÑÑ. ÐÑдÑÑе вежливÑ, но
+не Ñобки, и попÑÑайÑеÑÑ ÑложиÑÑÑÑ Ð²
двадÑаÑÑ ÑÑÑок. ÐеÑеÑлиÑе Ñвое пиÑÑмо,
+пожалÑйÑÑа, Ñакже по адÑеÑÑ <a
href="mailto:address@hidden">
+<address@hidden></a></p>
+
+<pre>
+ÐоÑогой пÑедÑÑавиÑÐµÐ»Ñ Ñакой-Ñо и Ñакой-Ñо
+
+
+ÐонгÑеÑÑ ÑаÑÑмаÑÑÐ¸Ð²Ð°ÐµÑ Ð·Ð°ÐºÐ¾Ð½Ñ,
ÑÑÑанавливаÑÑие новÑÑ ÑазновидноÑÑÑ
+монополии на ÑлекÑÑоннÑе Ð±Ð°Ð·Ñ Ð´Ð°Ð½Ð½ÑÑ
. Я
пÑоÑив Ñамой ÑÑой идеи,
+поÑÐ¾Ð¼Ñ ÑÑо ÑÑо огÑаниÑило Ð±Ñ ÑвободÑ
полÑзоваÑелей компÑÑÑеÑов.
+ЧаÑÑнÑм инÑеÑеÑам не должно бÑÑÑ
позволено конÑÑолиÑоваÑÑ
+ÑаÑпÑоÑÑÑанение ÑакÑов, пÑедÑÑавлÑÑÑиÑ
обÑеÑÑвенное знание. Ðак
+меÑа ÑодейÑÑÐ²Ð¸Ñ Ð¿ÑедпÑинимаÑелÑÑÑÐ²Ñ ÑÑо
пÑеждевÑеменно; ÐнÑеÑнеÑ
+оÑÐµÐ½Ñ Ð±ÑÑÑÑо менÑеÑÑÑ, и в 1999 Ð³Ð¾Ð´Ñ Ð±Ñло бÑ
глÑпо пÑинимаÑÑ Ð»ÑбÑе
+Ð·Ð°ÐºÐ¾Ð½Ñ Ð¿Ð¾ ÑÑÐ¾Ð¼Ñ Ð²Ð¾Ð¿ÑоÑÑ.
+
+
+Ðо ÑÑÐ¾Ð¼Ñ Ð·Ð°ÐºÐ¾Ð½Ð¾Ð¿ÑоекÑÑ ÑаÑÑмаÑÑиваеÑÑÑ
неÑколÑко алÑÑеÑнаÑив; из ниÑ
+HR 354 оÑобенно ÑÑÑов и опаÑен, в оÑлиÑие Ð¾Ñ HR
1858. ÐÑли Ñ ÐаÑ
+еÑÑÑ Ð²Ð¾Ð·Ð¼Ð¾Ð¶Ð½Ð¾ÑÑÑ Ð¿ÑоголоÑоваÑÑ Ð¿Ñи
вÑбоÑаÑ
одного из ниÑ
, вÑбеÑиÑе,
+пожалÑйÑÑа, HR 1858. Ðо когда законопÑÐ¾ÐµÐºÑ Ð¾
монополиÑÑ
на базÑ
+даннÑÑ
в конÑе конÑов поÑÑÑÐ¿Ð¸Ñ Ð½Ð°
голоÑование, Ñ Ð¿ÑоÑÑ ÐÐ°Ñ Ð³Ð¾Ð»Ð¾ÑоваÑÑ
+пÑоÑив него, незавиÑимо Ð¾Ñ Ð¿Ð¾Ð´ÑобноÑÑей.
+
+
+ÐÑкÑенне ÐаÑа,
+ÐоÑполиÑÑÑ
ÐаÑÐ¸Ñ Ðвановна
+</pre>
+<p>
+ÐÑÑÑ <a href="http://www.senate.gov/senators/senator_by_state.cfm">
ÑпиÑок
+ÑенаÑоÑов</a> и ÑлÑжба Ð´Ð»Ñ <a
href="http://www.house.gov/writerep/"> помоÑи
+вам в напиÑании</a> пÑедÑÑавиÑÐµÐ»Ñ Ð²
конгÑеÑÑе СШÐ.</p>
+
+
+<div style="font-size: small;">
+
+<!--TRANSLATORS: Use space (SPC) as msgstr if you don't have notes.-->
+ </div>
+</div>
+
+<!-- for id="content", starts in the include above -->
+<!--#include virtual="/server/footer.ru.html" -->
+<div id="footer">
+
+<p>ÐожалÑйÑÑа, пÑиÑÑлайÑе обÑие запÑоÑÑ
ÑÐ¾Ð½Ð´Ñ Ð¸ GNU по адÑеÑÑ <a
+href="mailto:address@hidden"><address@hidden></a>. ÐÑÑÑ Ñакже <a
+href="/contact/">дÑÑгие ÑпоÑÐ¾Ð±Ñ ÑвÑзаÑÑÑÑ</a> Ñ
Ñондом. ÐÑÑеÑÑ Ð¾
+неÑабоÑаÑÑиÑ
ÑÑÑлкаÑ
и дÑÑгие попÑавки
или пÑÐµÐ´Ð»Ð¾Ð¶ÐµÐ½Ð¸Ñ Ð¼Ð¾Ð¶Ð½Ð¾ пÑиÑÑлаÑÑ Ð¿Ð¾
+адÑеÑÑ <a href="mailto:address@hidden"><address@hidden></a>.</p>
+
+<p>
+<!-- TRANSLATORS: Ignore the original text in this paragraph,
+ replace it with the translation of these two:
+
+ We work hard and do our best to provide accurate, good quality
+ translations. However, we are not exempt from imperfection.
+ Please send your comments and general suggestions in this regard
+ to <a href="mailto:address@hidden">
+
+ <address@hidden></a>.</p>
+
+ <p>For information on coordinating and submitting translations of
+ our web pages, see <a
+ href="/server/standards/README.translations.html">Translations
+ README</a>. -->
+ÐÑ ÑÑаÑалиÑÑ ÑделаÑÑ ÑÑÐ¾Ñ Ð¿ÐµÑевод ÑоÑнÑм и
каÑеÑÑвеннÑм, но иÑклÑÑиÑÑ
+возможноÑÑÑ Ð¾Ñибки Ð¼Ñ Ð½Ðµ можем.
ÐÑиÑÑлайÑе, пожалÑйÑÑа, Ñвои замеÑÐ°Ð½Ð¸Ñ Ð¸
+пÑÐµÐ´Ð»Ð¾Ð¶ÐµÐ½Ð¸Ñ Ð¿Ð¾ пеÑÐµÐ²Ð¾Ð´Ñ Ð¿Ð¾ адÑеÑÑ <a
+href="mailto:address@hidden"><address@hidden></a>.
+</p><p>Ð¡Ð²ÐµÐ´ÐµÐ½Ð¸Ñ Ð¿Ð¾ кооÑдинаÑии и
пÑедложениÑм пеÑеводов наÑиÑ
ÑÑаÑей Ñм. в
+<a href="/server/standards/README.translations.html">“Ð
ÑководÑÑве по
+пеÑеводам”</a>.</p>
+
+<!-- Regarding copyright, in general, standalone pages (as opposed to
+ files generated as part of manuals) on the GNU web server should
+ be under CC BY-ND 3.0 US. Please do NOT change or remove this
+ without talking with the webmasters or licensing team first.
+ Please make sure the copyright date is consistent with the
+ document. For web pages, it is ok to list just the latest year the
+ document was modified, or published.
+
+ If you wish to list earlier years, that is ok too.
+ Either "2001, 2002, 2003" or "2001-2003" are ok for specifying
+ years, as long as each year in the range is in fact a copyrightable
+ year, i.e., a year in which the document was published (including
+ being publicly visible on the web or in a revision control system).
+
+ There is more detail about copyright years in the GNU Maintainers
+ Information document, www.gnu.org/prep/maintain. -->
+<p>Copyright © 1999, 2007, 2013 Free Software Foundation, Inc.</p>
+
+<p>ÐÑо пÑоизведение доÑÑÑпно по <a rel="license"
+href="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nd/3.0/us/deed.ru">лиÑензии
+Creative Commons Attribution-NoDerivs (<em>ÐÑÑибÑÑÐ¸Ñ —
Ðез
+пÑоизводнÑÑ
пÑоизведений</em>) 3.0 СШÐ</a>.</p>
+
+<!--#include virtual="/server/bottom-notes.ru.html" -->
+<div class="translators-credits">
+
+<!--TRANSLATORS: Use space (SPC) as msgstr if you don't want credits.-->
+<em>Ðнимание! РподгоÑовке ÑÑого пеÑевода
ÑÑаÑÑвовал ÑолÑко один Ñеловек. ÐÑ
+можеÑе ÑÑÑеÑÑвенно ÑлÑÑÑиÑÑ Ð¿ÐµÑевод, еÑли
пÑовеÑиÑе его и ÑаÑÑкажеÑе о
+найденнÑÑ
оÑибкаÑ
в <a
+href="http://savannah.gnu.org/projects/www-ru">ÑÑÑÑкой гÑÑппе
пеÑеводов
+gnu.org</a>.</em></div>
+
+
+ <p><!-- timestamp start -->
+Ðбновлено:
+
+$Date: 2013/11/23 11:30:17 $
+
+<!-- timestamp end -->
+</p>
+</div>
+</div>
+</body>
+</html>
Index: po/new-monopoly.ru-en.html
===================================================================
RCS file: po/new-monopoly.ru-en.html
diff -N po/new-monopoly.ru-en.html
--- /dev/null 1 Jan 1970 00:00:00 -0000
+++ po/new-monopoly.ru-en.html 23 Nov 2013 11:30:18 -0000 1.1
@@ -0,0 +1,269 @@
+<!--#include virtual="/server/header.html" -->
+<!-- Parent-Version: 1.75 -->
+<title>U.S. Congress Threatens to Establish a New Kind of Monopoly
+- GNU Project - Free Software Foundation</title>
+<!--#include virtual="/philosophy/po/new-monopoly.translist" -->
+<!--#include virtual="/server/banner.html" -->
+<h2>U.S. Congress Threatens to Establish a New Kind of Monopoly</h2>
+
+<p>
+Companies that want monopoly powers to control public use of the
+information we get from data bases are trying to pass a law this year
+in the U.S. — creating, for the first time, a private monopoly
+over repeating publicly known information. They are using the
+“good bill, bad bill” method; the “bad” bill
+is HR 354; the “good” bill is HR 1858.</p>
+<p>
+This method should be familiar. First, one legislator introduces an
+outrageous bill, one that would give a large handout of money or power
+to certain special interests and serves no legitimate public purpose.
+This inspires a chorus of opposition from other special interests that
+the bill would trample.</p>
+<p>
+So a second legislator introduces a more cautious bill, more clearly
+written, with some safeguards, avoiding some gross abuses, offering a
+smaller handout to a somewhat broader spectrum of special interests
+— and still diminishing the public treasury or the public's
+freedom.</p>
+<p>
+The second bill is typically praised for its “balanced”
+approach, and interest groups that might oppose the general idea feel
+obliged to support it, to make sure that the even worse first bill
+won't pass. With little opposition remaining, the second bill passes,
+and society takes one step for the worse.</p>
+<p>
+A few years later, the first legislator may propose another give-away.
+If we keep meeting his sponsors half-way each time, over time they can
+get as much as they like.</p>
+<p>
+This time, the “bad” bill is HR 354, which would
+effectively allow facts to become private property, simply through
+their inclusion in an electronic data base. Even mentioning more than
+a handful of the facts from any data base in a publication would be
+illegal, unless you could get them from some other source —
+often impossible, since in many cases there is no other ultimate
+source for a certain kind of fact.</p>
+<p>
+Consider for example the scores of professional sports games. The
+score is counted in a computer, whose memory counts as a data base.
+Under HR 354, regularly printing scores in a newspaper would become
+illegal.</p>
+<p>
+HR 354 would probably give Network Solutions a permanent monopoly on
+the Internet domain name data base, making any change in the handling
+of top level domains impossible.</p>
+<p>
+Any computer program counts as a data base under HR 354. So if the
+facts about the program's user interface and APIs can't be obtained
+from anywhere else, any compatible program would be prohibited. This
+would be devastating for the future of free software.</p>
+<p>
+Ominously, many collections of public records, maintained by companies
+on contract to governments, would become property of those
+companies.</p>
+<p>
+And West Publishing Company would regain its effective monopoly over
+the data needed to file a legal brief in much of the U.S. West
+maintains a data base of court decisions, and some courts require
+briefs to cite these decisions using page numbers as they appear in
+West's data base.</p>
+<p>
+West, seeking to prevent the necessary information from being
+available other than through their expensive service, used to claim
+that the pagination and page numbers were copyrighted, but a Federal
+court ruled against them. The court said that these page numbers
+don't result from creativity, so they are not copyrightable. But they
+are indubitably a data base, so HR 354 would prohibit anyone else from
+providing this data to the public — thus granting West a
+permanent monopoly on the law itself.</p>
+<p>
+HR 354 would also interfere with scientific research, genealogical
+research, publication of stock prices, and many other areas of life
+and work. So it's no wonder that it has generated strong opposition.
+The Supreme Court might reject the bill as unconstitutional, but no
+one wants to rely on this. Hence HR 1858 — this year's
+“good” bill.</p>
+<p>
+HR 1858 explicitly avoids most of the outrageous problems. It
+establishes a narrower kind of monopoly, permitting use of the facts
+in a different kind of data base, or in anything other than an
+electronic data base.</p>
+<p>
+Thus, you'll still be able to print game scores in an article, because
+an article doesn't count as a data base. A program is not a data base
+either, under HR 1858, so it will not create a new obstacle to writing
+compatible software.</p>
+<p>
+HR 1858 also excludes data bases for running the Internet. (But not
+the data bases that may some day be used for running future worldwide
+systems, even if they are just as important as the Internet is today.)
+It excludes data bases made by or for the Federal government. (But,
+by default, it doesn't exclude those made by or for state
+governments; this is a substantial loophole in HR 1858.)</p>
+<p>
+A wide range of organizations are supporting HR 1858 — including
+many universities and professional organizations. Some of the letters
+of support show a clear desire for some kind of monopoly power.</p>
+<p>
+HR 1858 is much less harmful than HR 354 — if we have to choose
+between the two, we should prefer HR 1858. But should we have to
+choose between a big loss of freedom and a smaller one?</p>
+<p>
+The advocates of these laws offer a reason, of course, for their
+proposal to limit our freedom. They say that nobody will maintain
+data bases without a monopoly over the contents. They have no
+specific evidence for this claim; it is based on an article of faith:
+a general assumption that nobody will do anything without a monopoly
+over the results.</p>
+<p>
+Just a few years ago, people said the same thing about software
+— that nobody would write programs without having a monopoly on
+them. The Free Software movement has proved that this is not true,
+and in the process, we have refuted that general assumption.
+Selfishness is not the whole of human nature. One kind of
+intellectual work, at least, CAN be done without a monopoly on the
+results.</p>
+<p>
+But data bases are not software. Will anyone develop data bases
+without a data base monopoly law?</p>
+<p>
+We know they will — because they already do. Many electronic
+data bases are available now, and the number is increasing, not
+decreasing. And many kinds of data base are byproducts or even
+preconditions of other activities that people do for other
+reasons.</p>
+<p>
+The data base companies can't deny this, so they threaten us with
+future uncertainty. “Maybe we do this today, but ten years from
+now nobody will do it any more, unless you give us special
+privilege.”</p>
+<p>
+We don't know what will happen in ten years; neither do they. The
+economic situation of the Internet is changing rapidly, and no one
+knows where it is going. Perhaps, in 2009, commercial data bases will
+disappear from the Internet. Or perhaps they will be very successful.
+Perhaps networks of volunteers will maintain all the data bases anyone
+might want. Perhaps advertising will provide a comfortable source of
+revenue to any company that maintains a data base; perhaps a much
+weaker law saying “If you redistribute our data base, you must
+redistribute our ads too” would serve their interests almost as
+well. Nobody knows.</p>
+<p>
+What we do know is that things will change; if a data base law is
+passed this year, it will be obsolete a few years from now. But any
+attempt to abolish it will be opposed by the data base companies,
+which will protect their privileges by predicting the sky would fall
+without them. They will say: “We exist, so the law must be
+working.”</p>
+<p>
+It is folly, or worse, to lock in a restrictive policy this year, to
+solve a problem whose existence is just speculation. A data base
+monopoly will take away your freedom, it's a surrender to special
+interests, it's hasty, and there is no clear public need for it. We
+should instead let the Internet mature, and see what problems really
+need to be solved.</p>
+<p>
+So if you are a U.S. voter, write your Congressman now. Say that if he
+or she has a chance to vote on whether the data base bill should be
+like HR 354 or HR 1858, to choose HR 1858. But then say, when the
+data base legislation ultimately comes up for a vote, to vote against
+it, whatever it says.</p>
+<p>
+I've written a sample letter that you can use, but remember that your
+letter will carry more weight if you write in your own words. Send
+your letter on paper; e-mail does not impress legislators, because they
+know how easy it is to send. Be polite, but not timid, and try to
+keep it under 20 lines. Please email your letter to
+<a href="mailto:address@hidden"><address@hidden></a>
+also.</p>
+
+<pre>
+Dear Representative So-and-so
+
+
+Congress is considering laws to establish a new kind of monopoly on
+electronic data bases. I am against the whole idea of this, because
+it would restrict the freedom of computer users. Private interests
+should not be allowed control over dissemination of facts that are
+public knowledge. As a measure to promote business, this is
+premature; the Internet is changing very fast, and passing any law
+about this issue in 1999 would be foolish.
+
+<span class="gnun-split"></span>
+Multiple alternatives are being considered for this bill; HR 354 is
+especially drastic and dangerous, while HR 1858 is less so. If you
+have a chance to vote on the choice between them, please choose HR
+1858. But when the data base monopoly bill ultimately comes up for a
+vote, I ask you to vote against it, regardless of the details.
+
+
+Sincerely,
+Jane Q. Public
+</pre>
+<p>
+There exists a <a href="http://www.senate.gov/senators/senator_by_state.cfm">
+list of senators</a> and a service to <a href="http://www.house.gov/writerep/">
+assist you in writing</a> to representative in the U.S. Congress.</p>
+
+</div><!-- for id="content", starts in the include above -->
+<!--#include virtual="/server/footer.html" -->
+<div id="footer">
+
+<p>Please send general FSF & GNU inquiries to
+<a href="mailto:address@hidden"><address@hidden></a>.
+There are also <a href="/contact/">other ways to contact</a>
+the FSF. Broken links and other corrections or suggestions can be sent
+to <a href="mailto:address@hidden"><address@hidden></a>.</p>
+
+<p><!-- TRANSLATORS: Ignore the original text in this paragraph,
+ replace it with the translation of these two:
+
+ We work hard and do our best to provide accurate, good quality
+ translations. However, we are not exempt from imperfection.
+ Please send your comments and general suggestions in this regard
+ to <a href="mailto:address@hidden">
+ <address@hidden></a>.</p>
+
+ <p>For information on coordinating and submitting translations of
+ our web pages, see <a
+ href="/server/standards/README.translations.html">Translations
+ README</a>. -->
+Please see the <a
+href="/server/standards/README.translations.html">Translations
+README</a> for information on coordinating and submitting translations
+of this article.</p>
+
+<!-- Regarding copyright, in general, standalone pages (as opposed to
+ files generated as part of manuals) on the GNU web server should
+ be under CC BY-ND 3.0 US. Please do NOT change or remove this
+ without talking with the webmasters or licensing team first.
+ Please make sure the copyright date is consistent with the
+ document. For web pages, it is ok to list just the latest year the
+ document was modified, or published.
+
+ If you wish to list earlier years, that is ok too.
+ Either "2001, 2002, 2003" or "2001-2003" are ok for specifying
+ years, as long as each year in the range is in fact a copyrightable
+ year, i.e., a year in which the document was published (including
+ being publicly visible on the web or in a revision control system).
+
+ There is more detail about copyright years in the GNU Maintainers
+ Information document, www.gnu.org/prep/maintain. -->
+
+<p>Copyright © 1999, 2007, 2013 Free Software Foundation, Inc.</p>
+
+<p>This page is licensed under a <a rel="license"
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+
+<!--#include virtual="/server/bottom-notes.html" -->
+
+<p>Updated:
+<!-- timestamp start -->
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