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From: |
GNUN |
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Subject: |
www home.hr.html philosophy/philosophy.hr.html ... |
|
Date: |
Tue, 18 Jun 2013 20:59:06 +0000 |
CVSROOT: /web/www
Module name: www
Changes by: GNUN <gnun> 13/06/18 20:59:06
Modified files:
. : home.hr.html
philosophy : philosophy.hr.html
philosophy/po : ICT-for-prosperity.hr.po
ICT-for-prosperity.translist
philosophy.hr-en.html philosophy.hr.po
po : home.hr.po
Added files:
philosophy : ICT-for-prosperity.hr.html
philosophy/po : ICT-for-prosperity.hr-en.html
po : home.hr-en.html
Log message:
Automatic update by GNUnited Nations.
CVSWeb URLs:
http://web.cvs.savannah.gnu.org/viewcvs/www/home.hr.html?cvsroot=www&r1=1.28&r2=1.29
http://web.cvs.savannah.gnu.org/viewcvs/www/philosophy/philosophy.hr.html?cvsroot=www&r1=1.1&r2=1.2
http://web.cvs.savannah.gnu.org/viewcvs/www/philosophy/ICT-for-prosperity.hr.html?cvsroot=www&rev=1.1
http://web.cvs.savannah.gnu.org/viewcvs/www/philosophy/po/ICT-for-prosperity.hr.po?cvsroot=www&r1=1.3&r2=1.4
http://web.cvs.savannah.gnu.org/viewcvs/www/philosophy/po/ICT-for-prosperity.translist?cvsroot=www&r1=1.7&r2=1.8
http://web.cvs.savannah.gnu.org/viewcvs/www/philosophy/po/philosophy.hr-en.html?cvsroot=www&r1=1.1&r2=1.2
http://web.cvs.savannah.gnu.org/viewcvs/www/philosophy/po/philosophy.hr.po?cvsroot=www&r1=1.4&r2=1.5
http://web.cvs.savannah.gnu.org/viewcvs/www/philosophy/po/ICT-for-prosperity.hr-en.html?cvsroot=www&rev=1.1
http://web.cvs.savannah.gnu.org/viewcvs/www/po/home.hr.po?cvsroot=www&r1=1.5&r2=1.6
http://web.cvs.savannah.gnu.org/viewcvs/www/po/home.hr-en.html?cvsroot=www&rev=1.1
Patches:
Index: home.hr.html
===================================================================
RCS file: /web/www/www/home.hr.html,v
retrieving revision 1.28
retrieving revision 1.29
diff -u -b -r1.28 -r1.29
--- home.hr.html 18 Jun 2013 17:29:02 -0000 1.28
+++ home.hr.html 18 Jun 2013 20:59:05 -0000 1.29
@@ -8,8 +8,8 @@
<title>Operativni sustav GNU</title>
-<meta http-equiv="Keywords" content="GNU, FSF, Free Software Foundation,
Linux, Emacs, GCC, Unix, Free Software,
-Libre Software, Operating System, GNU Kernel, GNU Hurd" />
+<meta http-equiv="Keywords" content="GNU, FSF, Zaklada za slobodan softver,
Linux, Emacs, GCC, Unix, slobodan
+softver, Libre softver, operacijski sustav, GNU-ova jezgra, GNU Hurd" />
<meta http-equiv="Description" content="Od 1983. godine razvijamo slobodan
Unixu nalik operativni sustav GNU kako bi
korisnici raÄunala imali slobodu dijeljenja i poboljÅ¡avanja softvera kojeg
koriste." />
@@ -266,7 +266,7 @@
<p><!-- timestamp start -->
Vrijeme zadnje izmjene:
-$Date: 2013/06/18 17:29:02 $
+$Date: 2013/06/18 20:59:05 $
<!-- timestamp end -->
</p>
Index: philosophy/philosophy.hr.html
===================================================================
RCS file: /web/www/www/philosophy/philosophy.hr.html,v
retrieving revision 1.1
retrieving revision 1.2
diff -u -b -r1.1 -r1.2
--- philosophy/philosophy.hr.html 8 Jun 2013 08:58:45 -0000 1.1
+++ philosophy/philosophy.hr.html 18 Jun 2013 20:59:05 -0000 1.2
@@ -1,11 +1,12 @@
<!--#include virtual="/server/header.hr.html" -->
+<!-- Parent-Version: 1.75 -->
<!-- This file is automatically generated by GNUnited Nations! -->
<!--#set var="ENGLISH_PAGE" value="/philosophy/philosophy.en.html" -->
-<title>Filozofija Projekta GNU - Projekt GNU - Zaklada za slobodan softver
(FSF)</title>
+<title>Filozofija Projekta GNU - Projekt GNU - Zaklada za slobodan
softver</title>
<!--#include virtual="/philosophy/po/philosophy.translist" -->
<!--#include virtual="/server/banner.hr.html" -->
@@ -16,6 +17,11 @@
</div>
<!-- id="education-content" -->
+<blockquote><p>
+Vidi <a href="http://audio-video.gnu.org/";>audio-video.gnu.org</a> za snimke
+govora Richarda Stallmana.
+</p></blockquote>
+
<p><em>Slobodan softver</em> znaÄi da korisnici softvera imaju slobodu. (Ovdje
nije rijeÄ o cijeni.<sup><a href="#TransNote1">1</a></sup>) Operativni
sustav GNU razvili smo kako bi korisnici imali slobodu pri korištenju
@@ -75,12 +81,7 @@
href="/links/links.html#FreedomOrganizations">organizacija koje se bave
slobodom raÄunalnog razvoja i elektroniÄkih komunikacija</a>.</p>
-<!-- If needed, change the copyright block at the bottom. In general,
- pages on the GNU web server should be under CC BY-ND 3.0 US.
- Please do NOT change or remove this without talking
- with the webmasters or licensing team first.
- Please make sure the copyright date is consistent with the document
- and that it is like this: "2001, 2002", not this: "2001-2002". -->
+
<div style="font-size: small;">
<!--TRANSLATORS: Use space (SPC) as msgstr if you don't have notes.-->
@@ -93,16 +94,28 @@
<!-- for id="content", starts in the include above -->
<!--#include virtual="/server/footer.hr.html" -->
<div id="footer">
-<p>
-Molimo vas, opÄenite upite o FSF & GNU Å¡aljite na <a
-href="mailto:address@hidden";><address@hidden></a>. Postoje i <a
-href="/contact/">drugi naÄini kontaktiranja</a> FSF-a.
-<br />
- Prekinute poveznice i ostale ispravke ili prijedloge možete poslati na <a
-href="mailto:address@hidden";><address@hidden></a>.
-</p>
+
+<p>Molim vas Å¡aljite opÄenite FSF & GNU upite na <a
+href="mailto:address@hidden";><address@hidden></a>. Postoje isto i <a
+href="/contact/">drugi naÄini kontaktiranja</a> FSF-a. Prekinute poveznice i
+drugi ispravci ili prijedlozi mogu biti poslani na <a
+href="mailto:address@hidden";><address@hidden></a>. </p>
<p>
+<!-- TRANSLATORS: Ignore the original text in this paragraph,
+ replace it with the translation of these two:
+
+ We work hard and do our best to provide accurate, good quality
+ translations. However, we are not exempt from imperfection.
+ Please send your comments and general suggestions in this regard
+ to <a href="mailto:address@hidden";>
+
+ <address@hidden></a>.</p>
+
+ <p>For information on coordinating and submitting translations of
+ our web pages, see <a
+ href="/server/standards/README.translations.html">Translations
+ README</a>. -->
Radimo naporno i dajemo sve od sebe kako bismo pružili toÄne, visoko
kvalitetne prijevode. MeÄutim, nismo osloboÄeni od nesavrÅ¡enosti. Molimo
vas, Å¡aljite svoje komentare i opÄenite prijedloge u tom smislu na <a
@@ -110,15 +123,29 @@
Za informacije o koordiniranju i dostavljanju prijevoda naših mrežnih
stranica, pogledajte <a
href="/server/standards/README.translations.html">PROÄITAJME za
-prijevode</a>.
-</p>
+prijevode</a>.</p>
+
+<!-- Regarding copyright, in general, standalone pages (as opposed to
+ files generated as part of manuals) on the GNU web server should
+ be under CC BY-ND 3.0 US. Please do NOT change or remove this
+ without talking with the webmasters or licensing team first.
+ Please make sure the copyright date is consistent with the
+ document. For web pages, it is ok to list just the latest year the
+ document was modified, or published.
+
+ If you wish to list earlier years, that is ok too.
+ Either "2001, 2002, 2003" or "2001-2003" are ok for specifying
+ years, as long as each year in the range is in fact a copyrightable
+ year, i.e., a year in which the document was published (including
+ being publicly visible on the web or in a revision control system).
+
+ There is more detail about copyright years in the GNU Maintainers
+ Information document, www.gnu.org/prep/maintain. -->
+<p>Copyright © 2013 Free Software Foundation, Inc.</p>
-<p>
-Copyright © 2011 Free Software Foundation, Inc.</p>
<p>Ovo djelo dano je na korištenje pod <a rel="license"
href="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nd/3.0/us/deed.hr";>licencom
-Creative Commons Imenovanje-Bez prerada 3.0 SAD</a>.
-</p>
+Creative Commons Imenovanje-Bez prerada 3.0 SAD</a>.</p>
<!--#include virtual="/server/bottom-notes.hr.html" -->
<div class="translators-credits">
@@ -130,7 +157,7 @@
<p><!-- timestamp start -->
Vrijeme zadnje izmjene:
-$Date: 2013/06/08 08:58:45 $
+$Date: 2013/06/18 20:59:05 $
<!-- timestamp end -->
</p>
Index: philosophy/po/ICT-for-prosperity.hr.po
===================================================================
RCS file: /web/www/www/philosophy/po/ICT-for-prosperity.hr.po,v
retrieving revision 1.3
retrieving revision 1.4
diff -u -b -r1.3 -r1.4
--- philosophy/po/ICT-for-prosperity.hr.po 18 Jun 2013 20:36:01 -0000
1.3
+++ philosophy/po/ICT-for-prosperity.hr.po 18 Jun 2013 20:59:05 -0000
1.4
@@ -10,12 +10,12 @@
"PO-Revision-Date: 2013-06-18 22:33+0100\n"
"Last-Translator: Martina Bebek <address@hidden>\n"
"Language-Team: GNU Croatian Translation Team <address@hidden>\n"
+"Language: hr\n"
"MIME-Version: 1.0\n"
"Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8\n"
"Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit\n"
"Plural-Forms: nplurals=3; plural=(n%10==1 && n%100!=11 ? 0 : n%10>=2 && n"
"%10<=4 && (n%100<10 || n%100>=20) ? 1 : 2);\n"
-"Language: hr\n"
"X-Generator: Poedit 1.5.4\n"
#. type: Content of: <title>
Index: philosophy/po/ICT-for-prosperity.translist
===================================================================
RCS file: /web/www/www/philosophy/po/ICT-for-prosperity.translist,v
retrieving revision 1.7
retrieving revision 1.8
diff -u -b -r1.7 -r1.8
--- philosophy/po/ICT-for-prosperity.translist 1 Mar 2013 04:11:47 -0000
1.7
+++ philosophy/po/ICT-for-prosperity.translist 18 Jun 2013 20:59:06 -0000
1.8
@@ -2,8 +2,9 @@
<!--#set var="TRANSLATION_LIST"
value='<div id="translations">
<p>
-<span dir="ltr" class="original"><a
href="/philosophy/ICT-for-prosperity.en.html">English</a> [en]</span>
-<span dir="ltr"><a
href="/philosophy/ICT-for-prosperity.fr.html">français</a> [fr]</span>
+<span dir="ltr" class="original"><a lang="en" hreflang="en"
href="/philosophy/ICT-for-prosperity.en.html">English</a> [en]</span>
+<span dir="ltr"><a lang="fr" hreflang="fr"
href="/philosophy/ICT-for-prosperity.fr.html">français</a> [fr]</span>
+<span dir="ltr"><a lang="hr" hreflang="hr"
href="/philosophy/ICT-for-prosperity.hr.html">hrvatski</a> [hr]</span>
</p>
</div>' -->
<!--#if expr="$HTML_BODY = yes" -->
Index: philosophy/po/philosophy.hr-en.html
===================================================================
RCS file: /web/www/www/philosophy/po/philosophy.hr-en.html,v
retrieving revision 1.1
retrieving revision 1.2
diff -u -b -r1.1 -r1.2
--- philosophy/po/philosophy.hr-en.html 8 Jun 2013 08:58:45 -0000 1.1
+++ philosophy/po/philosophy.hr-en.html 18 Jun 2013 20:59:06 -0000 1.2
@@ -1,6 +1,7 @@
<!--#include virtual="/server/header.html" -->
-
-<title>Philosophy of the GNU Project - GNU Project - Free Software Foundation
(FSF)</title>
+<!-- Parent-Version: 1.75 -->
+<title>Philosophy of the GNU Project
+- GNU Project - Free Software Foundation</title>
<!--#include virtual="/philosophy/po/philosophy.translist" -->
<!--#include virtual="/server/banner.html" -->
@@ -12,6 +13,11 @@
</div> <!-- id="education-content" -->
+<blockquote><p>
+See <a href="http://audio-video.gnu.org/";>audio-video.gnu.org</a>
+for recordings of Richard Stallman's speeches.
+</p></blockquote>
+
<p><em>Free software</em> means that the software's users have
freedom. (The issue is not about price.) We developed the GNU
operating system so that users can have freedom in their
@@ -71,44 +77,62 @@
that Work for Freedom in
Computer Development and Electronic Communications</a>.</p>
-<!-- If needed, change the copyright block at the bottom. In general,
- pages on the GNU web server should be under CC BY-ND 3.0 US.
- Please do NOT change or remove this without talking
- with the webmasters or licensing team first.
- Please make sure the copyright date is consistent with the document
- and that it is like this: "2001, 2002", not this: "2001-2002". -->
</div><!-- for id="content", starts in the include above -->
<!--#include virtual="/server/footer.html" -->
<div id="footer">
-<p>
-Please send FSF & GNU inquiries to
+
+<p>Please send general FSF & GNU inquiries to
<a href="mailto:address@hidden";><address@hidden></a>.
There are also <a href="/contact/">other ways to contact</a>
-the FSF.
-<br />
-Please send broken links and other corrections or suggestions to
-<a href="mailto:address@hidden";><address@hidden></a>.
-</p>
+the FSF. Broken links and other corrections or suggestions can be sent
+to <a href="mailto:address@hidden";><address@hidden></a>.</p>
-<p>
-Please see the
-<a href="/server/standards/README.translations.html">Translations
-README</a> for information on coordinating and submitting
-translations of this article.
-</p>
+<p><!-- TRANSLATORS: Ignore the original text in this paragraph,
+ replace it with the translation of these two:
+
+ We work hard and do our best to provide accurate, good quality
+ translations. However, we are not exempt from imperfection.
+ Please send your comments and general suggestions in this regard
+ to <a href="mailto:address@hidden";>
+ <address@hidden></a>.</p>
+
+ <p>For information on coordinating and submitting translations of
+ our web pages, see <a
+ href="/server/standards/README.translations.html">Translations
+ README</a>. -->
+Please see the <a
+href="/server/standards/README.translations.html">Translations
+README</a> for information on coordinating and submitting translations
+of this article.</p>
+
+<!-- Regarding copyright, in general, standalone pages (as opposed to
+ files generated as part of manuals) on the GNU web server should
+ be under CC BY-ND 3.0 US. Please do NOT change or remove this
+ without talking with the webmasters or licensing team first.
+ Please make sure the copyright date is consistent with the
+ document. For web pages, it is ok to list just the latest year the
+ document was modified, or published.
+
+ If you wish to list earlier years, that is ok too.
+ Either "2001, 2002, 2003" or "2001-2003" are ok for specifying
+ years, as long as each year in the range is in fact a copyrightable
+ year, i.e., a year in which the document was published (including
+ being publicly visible on the web or in a revision control system).
+
+ There is more detail about copyright years in the GNU Maintainers
+ Information document, www.gnu.org/prep/maintain. -->
+
+<p>Copyright © 2013 Free Software Foundation, Inc.</p>
-<p>
-Copyright © 2011 Free Software Foundation, Inc.</p>
<p>This page is licensed under a <a rel="license"
href="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nd/3.0/us/";>Creative
-Commons Attribution-NoDerivs 3.0 United States License</a>.
-</p>
+Commons Attribution-NoDerivs 3.0 United States License</a>.</p>
<!--#include virtual="/server/bottom-notes.html" -->
<p>Updated:
<!-- timestamp start -->
-$Date: 2013/06/08 08:58:45 $
+$Date: 2013/06/18 20:59:06 $
<!-- timestamp end -->
</p>
</div>
Index: philosophy/po/philosophy.hr.po
===================================================================
RCS file: /web/www/www/philosophy/po/philosophy.hr.po,v
retrieving revision 1.4
retrieving revision 1.5
diff -u -b -r1.4 -r1.5
--- philosophy/po/philosophy.hr.po 18 Jun 2013 20:23:31 -0000 1.4
+++ philosophy/po/philosophy.hr.po 18 Jun 2013 20:59:06 -0000 1.5
@@ -14,17 +14,11 @@
"MIME-Version: 1.0\n"
"Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8\n"
"Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit\n"
-"Outdated-Since: 2013-06-18 05:25+0000\n"
"Plural-Forms: nplurals=3; plural=(n%10==1 && n%100!=11 ? 0 : n%10>=2 && n"
"%10<=4 && (n%100<10 || n%100>=20) ? 1 : 2);\n"
"X-Generator: Poedit 1.5.4\n"
-# | Philosophy of the GNU Project - GNU Project - Free Software Foundation
-# | [-(FSF)-]
#. type: Content of: <title>
-#| msgid ""
-#| "Philosophy of the GNU Project - GNU Project - Free Software Foundation "
-#| "(FSF)"
msgid "Philosophy of the GNU Project - GNU Project - Free Software Foundation"
msgstr "Filozofija Projekta GNU - Projekt GNU - Zaklada za slobodan softver"
@@ -192,14 +186,7 @@
"nego i za jedno i za drugo koristi istu rijeÄ, “<i>free</i>”</"
"li></ol>"
-# || No change detected. The change might only be in amounts of spaces.
#. type: Content of: <div><p>
-#| msgid ""
-#| "Please send general FSF & GNU inquiries to <a
href=\"mailto:address@hidden";
-#| "org\"><address@hidden></a>. There are also <a href=\"/contact/"
-#| "\">other ways to contact</a> the FSF. Broken links and other corrections "
-#| "or suggestions can be sent to <a href=\"mailto:address@hidden";><"
-#| "address@hidden></a>."
msgid ""
"Please send general FSF & GNU inquiries to <a
href=\"mailto:address@hidden";
"\"><address@hidden></a>. There are also <a href=\"/contact/\">other
ways "
@@ -238,10 +225,7 @@
"pogledajte <a href=\"/server/standards/README.translations.html\">PROÄITAJME
"
"za prijevode</a>."
-# | [-The-]{+Copyright © 2013+} Free Software [-Foundation-]
-# | {+Foundation, Inc.+}
#. type: Content of: <div><p>
-#| msgid "The Free Software Foundation"
msgid "Copyright © 2013 Free Software Foundation, Inc."
msgstr "Copyright © 2013 Free Software Foundation, Inc."
Index: po/home.hr.po
===================================================================
RCS file: /web/www/www/po/home.hr.po,v
retrieving revision 1.5
retrieving revision 1.6
diff -u -b -r1.5 -r1.6
--- po/home.hr.po 18 Jun 2013 20:04:13 -0000 1.5
+++ po/home.hr.po 18 Jun 2013 20:59:06 -0000 1.6
@@ -14,7 +14,6 @@
"MIME-Version: 1.0\n"
"Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8\n"
"Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit\n"
-"Outdated-Since: 2013-06-06 18:25+0000\n"
"Plural-Forms: nplurals=3; plural=(n%10==1 && n%100!=11 ? 0 : n%10>=2 && n"
"%10<=4 && (n%100<10 || n%100>=20) ? 1 : 2);\n"
"X-Generator: Poedit 1.5.4\n"
@@ -23,12 +22,7 @@
msgid "The GNU Operating System"
msgstr "Operativni sustav GNU"
-# | GNU, FSF, Free Software Foundation, Linux, Emacs, GCC, Unix, Free
-# | Software, {+Libre Software,+} Operating System, GNU Kernel, GNU Hurd
#. type: Attribute 'content' of: <meta>
-#| msgid ""
-#| "GNU, FSF, Free Software Foundation, Linux, Emacs, GCC, Unix, Free "
-#| "Software, Operating System, GNU Kernel, GNU Hurd"
msgid ""
"GNU, FSF, Free Software Foundation, Linux, Emacs, GCC, Unix, Free Software, "
"Libre Software, Operating System, GNU Kernel, GNU Hurd"
@@ -369,31 +363,7 @@
"<strong>Možete li preuzeti neki od <a href=\"/server/takeaction.html#unmaint"
"\">neodržavanih paketa GNU-a</a>?</strong>"
-# | <a href=\"/software/dismal/\">dismal</a>, <a
-# | href=\"/software/dr-geo/\">dr-geo</a>, <a
-# | href=\"/software/gnatsweb/\">gnatsweb</a>, <a
-# | {+href=\"/software/gnukart/\">gnukart</a>, <a+}
-# | href=\"/software/halifax/\">halifax</a>, <a
-# | href=\"/software/jwhois/\">jwhois</a>, <a
-# | href=\"/software/libffcall/\">libffcall</a>, <a
-# | href=\"/software/metahtml/\">metahtml</a>, <a
-# | href=\"/software/orgadoc/\">orgadoc</a>, <a
-# | href=\"/software/polyxmass/\">polyxmass</a>, <a
-# | href=\"/software/rottlog/\">rottlog</a>, <a
-# | href=\"/software/superopt/\">superopt</a>, <a
-# | [-href=\"/software/teximpatient/\">teximpatient</a>-]
-# | {+href=\"/software/teximpatient/\">teximpatient</a>, <a
-# | href=\"/software/uucp/\">uucp</a>+}
#. type: Content of: <div><p>
-#| msgid ""
-#| "<a href=\"/software/dismal/\">dismal</a>, <a href=\"/software/dr-geo/"
-#| "\">dr-geo</a>, <a href=\"/software/gnatsweb/\">gnatsweb</a>, <a href=\"/"
-#| "software/halifax/\">halifax</a>, <a href=\"/software/jwhois/\">jwhois</"
-#| "a>, <a href=\"/software/libffcall/\">libffcall</a>, <a href=\"/software/"
-#| "metahtml/\">metahtml</a>, <a href=\"/software/orgadoc/\">orgadoc</a>, <a "
-#| "href=\"/software/polyxmass/\">polyxmass</a>, <a href=\"/software/rottlog/"
-#| "\">rottlog</a>, <a href=\"/software/superopt/\">superopt</a>, <a href=\"/"
-#| "software/teximpatient/\">teximpatient</a>"
msgid ""
"<a href=\"/software/dismal/\">dismal</a>, <a href=\"/software/dr-geo/\">dr-"
"geo</a>, <a href=\"/software/gnatsweb/\">gnatsweb</a>, <a href=\"/software/"
Index: philosophy/ICT-for-prosperity.hr.html
===================================================================
RCS file: philosophy/ICT-for-prosperity.hr.html
diff -N philosophy/ICT-for-prosperity.hr.html
--- /dev/null 1 Jan 1970 00:00:00 -0000
+++ philosophy/ICT-for-prosperity.hr.html 18 Jun 2013 20:59:05 -0000
1.1
@@ -0,0 +1,661 @@
+
+
+<!--#include virtual="/server/header.hr.html" -->
+<!-- Parent-Version: 1.75 -->
+
+<!-- This file is automatically generated by GNUnited Nations! -->
+ <!--#set var="ENGLISH_PAGE" value="/philosophy/ICT-for-prosperity.en.html" -->
+
+<title>UobliÄavanje razvoja suradniÄke IKT i inicijative za globalni
napredak -
+Projekt GNU - Zaklada za slobodan softver</title>
+
+<!--#include virtual="/philosophy/po/ICT-for-prosperity.translist" -->
+<!--#include virtual="/server/banner.hr.html" -->
+<h2>UobliÄavanje razvoja suradniÄke IKT i inicijative za globalni
napredak</h2>
+
+<p>
+napisao <a href="http://www.rattlesnake.com/";><strong>Robert
+J. Chassell</strong></a>
+</p>
+
+<p>
+<!-- <br />
+
+<a href="http://www.globalknowledge.org.my/";> broken link, 1apr11 -->
+[S prezentacije održane na drugoj Konferenciji o globalnom znanju<br />
+u Kuala Lumpuru u Maleziji 7. ožujka 2000.]
+</p>
+
+<!-- <p>
+
+[For a more extended discussion, see my<br />
+<a href="http://www.teak.cc/Access-speech.html";>
+Free Software: Access and Empowerment</a>.
+</p> -->
+<p>
+Naslov ove prezentacije je ‘UobliÄavanje razvoja suradniÄke IKT i
+inicijative za globalni napredak’ a teme ove konferencije su
+‘pristup’, ‘osnaživanje’ i
+‘upravljanje’.
+</p>
+<p>
+Ono Å¡to želim danas uÄiniti je odabrati jednu tehnologiju i govoriti o
+naÄinu na koji smo oblikovali tu tehnologiju da bismo je uÄinili
+pristupaÄnom i osnažujuÄom, kako smo je smjestili u ekonomski i
+institucionalni okvir koji potiÄe ljude da suraÄuju i kako koristiti tu
+tehnologiju u svrhu boljeg upravljanja.
+</p>
+<p>
+Ta tehnologija je softver. Oblikovanje je povezano s licenÄnim uvjetima
+ugovora o autorskim pravima —njihovim pravnim i institucionalnim
+okvirom.
+</p>
+<p>
+Kao osnivaÄ Zaklade za slobodan softver, Å¡esnaest godina sam radio na
+pravnom i institucionalnom okviru kojim se služimo pri korištenju i
+razvijanju softvera. Rezultat tih napora je GNU/Linux, cjelovit softverski
+sustav.
+</p>
+<p>
+IKT, informacijsko-komunikacijska tehnologija, sastoji se od hardvera i
+softvera. Ovdje govorim samo o softveru, no nadam se da naše iskustvo možemo
+proširiti s ove i na druge tehnologije.
+</p>
+<p>
+Kada govorim o softveru, govorim i o programima koji pokreÄu raÄunalo, to
+jest, operacijskom sustavu, i o aplikacijama, kao Å¡to je program za
+elektroniÄku poÅ¡tu i drugu komunikaciju, tabliÄni kalkulator, elektroniÄka
+trgovina, alati za pisanje, slanje i primanje fakseva, izrada web stranica,
+projektiranje, istraživanje, matematiÄki izraÄuni, modeliranje, obrada slika
+i umrežavanje.
+</p>
+<p>
+Posljednjih nekoliko godina cijene raÄunala i telekomunikacijskog hardvera
+toliko su pale da ih mnogo više ljudi koristi. Zaista, organizatori naše
+konferencije procjenjuju da Äak svaki trideseti Äovjek na svijetu ima
+raÄunalni pristup mrežnim telekomunikacijama.
+</p>
+<p>
+Iako je jedan od trideset još uvijek mali dio svjetske populacije, ova
+tehnologija je popularna, u porastu i postaje sve važnija u našem
+svakodnevnom životu. Usto, oÄekujemo da Äe cijene raÄunala i
+telekomunikacija nastaviti padati barem joÅ¡ jednu generaciju, tako da Äe
+mnogi koji trenutno nemaju dovoljno resursa na kraju ipak uživati tu
+pogodnost.
+</p>
+<p>
+Kao i bilo koja tehnologija, softver može biti upotrijebljen na dobar ili
+loÅ¡ naÄin.
+</p>
+<p>
+U ovom trenutku imamo oboje. S loše strane, imamo strojeve koji se
+nepotrebno ruÅ¡e, elektroniÄke poruke koje rasipaju novac primatelja, sustave
+ranjive jednostavnim virusima i programe koji rade samo dio onoga Å¡to
+želite.
+</p>
+<p>
+KljuÄ dobre upotrebe softvera je osiguravanje slobode. U softveru, to dovodi
+do suradnje, nižih cijena, pouzdanosti, uÄinkovitosti, sigurnosti i do
+manjeg broja prepreka pristupu i korištenju.
+</p>
+<p>
+Da bi dobro koristili softversku tehnologiju ljudi moraju imati zakonsko
+pravo da kopiraju, prouÄavaju, mijenjaju i ponovo distribuiraju. Sve drugo
+proistjeÄe iz ovoga.
+</p>
+<p>
+Softver GNU/Linux daje ljudima ta prava. Od toga imaju koristi programeri i,
+što je još važnije, ljudi koji nisu programeri.
+</p>
+<p>
+Na primjer, ljudi u podruÄju s loÅ¡om ili nikakvom telefonskom uslugom mogu
+za komuniciranje koristiti robustan paket zvan UUCP. Nedavno sam Äitao o
+grupi Oxfam koja je to uÄinila.
+</p>
+<p>
+Ljudi sa starijim strojevima, Äak i s vrlo starim Äipovima 80386, mogu
+pokretati efikasne programe koji Äine jednako koliko i programi koji
+zahtijevaju suvremene Äipove Pentium i skupu memoriju. Te strojeve mogu
+koristiti kao poslužitelje web stranica i kao routere — za
+komunikacijsku infrastrukturu.
+</p>
+<p>
+Ljudi sa samo jednim raÄunalom mogu na njega prikljuÄiti jedan ili dva
+dodatna terminala i osigurati dva ili tri radna mjesta umjesto jednog, uz
+vrlo mali dodatan troÅ¡ak. To sam i sam uÄinio: prijatelj mi je doÅ¡ao u
+posjetu i obojica smo htjeli raditi na mojem raÄunalu istovremeno. Slanje
+elektroniÄke poÅ¡te, pregledavanje web stranica, pisanje, daljinska
+administracija sustava: sve smo to Äinili istovremeno.
+</p>
+<p>
+DruÅ¡tvena grupa ili poduzeÄe može postaviti vlastitu listu e-poÅ¡te ili
+forum, privatne ili javne. Programska oprema za skupni rad je tu. Dvoje ili
+viÅ¡e ljudi može na jednom dokumentu raditi istovremeno, Äak i kada su u
+razliÄitim državama. Posljednji puta kada sam to uÄinio radio sam s kolegom
+s druge strane Atlantskog oceana.
+</p>
+<p>
+Kojim pismom želite pisati? Hindskim, kineskim, tajlandskim? MoguÄe je sa
+svima njima i to u istom prozoru s engleskim ili ÄiriliÄnim.
+</p>
+<p>
+Pojedinci ili grupe mogu postaviti vlastite web stranice. IzdavaÄ može
+napraviti prijelom vlastitih knjiga. RaÄunovoÄa može analizirati
+budžet. Slijepi ljudi mogu sluÅ¡ati tekst kojeg im Äita raÄunalo.
+</p>
+<p>
+Možete se zabavljati birajuÄi izmeÄu viÅ¡e grafiÄkih korisniÄkih suÄelja
+– nekog kitnjastog, nekog drugog koje izgleda i ponaÅ¡a se sliÄno
+suÄelju Microsoft Windowsa ili nekog treÄeg koje je jednostavno i praktiÄno.
+</p>
+<p>
+Osim glasovnog ÄitaÄa za slijepe osobe, koji zahtijeva zvuÄni podsustav
+kojeg nikada nisam instalirao na svoj stroj, sve aplikacije koje sam upravo
+spomenuo pokreÄu se na mojem kuÄnom raÄunalu, a ljudi koje poznajem
+instalirali su zvuÄni podsustav pa imaju i zvuk.
+</p>
+<p>
+Sve ove aplikacije došle su na CD-ROM-u kojeg sam, uzgred, dobio
+besplatno. TakoÄer sam i platio CD-ove s razliÄitom inaÄicom softvera
+— ponekad je pogodnije neÅ¡to jednostavno kupiti. Usto, ukoliko
+posjedujete brzu vezu na internet, možete lako preuzeti softver, plaÄajuÄi
+samo troškove veze na internet.
+</p>
+<p>
+Ovo bogatstvo softvera dostupno je i može se koristiti bilo gdje u svijetu.
+</p>
+<p>
+Vratimo se pitanju kako je ova tehnologija uobliÄena: kljuÄ je, kao Å¡to sam
+rekao, sloboda, zakonsko pravo kopiranja, prouÄavanja, mijenjanja i ponovnog
+distribuiranja softvera.
+</p>
+<p>
+Posebno pravno sredstvo koje smo koristili kako bismo stvorili ove slobode i
+posljediÄne dobrobiti je posebno formulirana licenca za zaÅ¡titu autorskog
+prava, OpÄa javna licenca GNU.
+</p>
+<p>
+Ova licenca daje vam viÅ¡e prava od obiÄne licence za zaÅ¡titu autorskih prava
+i više prava od mnogih drugih vrsta softverskih licenci. U biti, zabranjuje
+vam da zabranjujete. Dozvoljava vam da Äinite sve ostalo.
+</p>
+<p>
+Nabrojit Äu ta prava: kopiranje, prouÄavanje, mijenjanje i ponovno
+distribuiranje.
+</p>
+
+<p>
+Prvo, pravo kopiranja.
+</p>
+<p>
+Ne posjeduje mnogo ljudi tvornicu koja bi im omoguÄila kopiranje
+automobila. Doista, kopirati automobil toliko je teško da za to koristimo
+drugu rijeÄ, kažemo ‘proizvodnja’ automobila. Usto, u svijetu
+nema mnogo proizvoÄaÄa automobila. Daleko manje od svakog tridesetog Äovjeka
+posjeduje ili mu je dostupna tvornica automobila.
+</p>
+<p>
+No svatko s raÄunalom posjeduje tvornicu softvera, ureÄaj za proizvodnju
+softvera, to jest, za izradu novih kopija. Zato jer je kopiranje softvera
+tako jednostavno, ne koristimo rijeÄ ‘proizvodnja’; obiÄno Äak
+ni ne razmišljamo o tome kao o nekoj vrsti proizvodnje, ali to jest
+proizvodnja.
+</p>
+<p>
+Pravo kopiranja softvera je pravo korištenja vlastitih sredstava za
+proizvodnju. Milijuni ljudi, nekoliko postotaka svjetske populacije,
+posjeduju ova sredstva za proizvodnju.
+</p>
+<p>
+Naravno, postoje napori da vam se oduzmu vaša prava da koristite vlastitu
+imovinu kao tvornicu.
+</p>
+
+<p>
+Drugo, pravo prouÄavanja. Ovo je pravo od male izravne koristi ljudima koji
+nisu programeri. To je kao pravo odvjetnika da Äita pravne udžbenike. Ako
+niste odvjetnik, vjerojatno želite izbjeÄi takve knjige.
+</p>
+<p>
+MeÄutim, ovo pravo prouÄavanja ima viÅ¡e implikacija, kako za one koji
+programiraju, tako i za sve ostale.
+</p>
+<p>
+Pravo prouÄavanja znaÄi da ljudi u mjestima kao Å¡to je Meksiko, Indija ili
+Malezija mogu prouÄavati isti kod kojeg koriste ljudi u Europi ili
+Sjedinjenim državama. To znaÄi da ovim ljudima nije onemoguÄeno uÄiti o
+naÄinu na koji su drugi postigli uspjeh.
+</p>
+<p>
+Imajte na umu da mnogi programeri rade pod ograniÄenjima koja im zabranjuju
+vidjeti tuÄi kod. Umjesto da sjednu na ramena onih koji su to veÄ proÅ¡li,
+Å¡to je najbolji naÄin za gledanje ispred sebe i napredovanje, baÄeni su u
+blato. Pravo prouÄavanja je pravo gledanja ispred sebe, napredovanja,
+sjedeÄi na ramenima divova.
+</p>
+<p>
+Å toviÅ¡e, pravo prouÄavanja znaÄi da i sam softver mora biti dostupan u
+takvom obliku da ga ljudi mogu Äitati.
+</p>
+<p>
+Softver dolazi u dva oblika, jednom koji je Äitljiv samo raÄunalima i drugom
+koji je Äitljiv ljudima. Oblik Äitljiv raÄunalima je ono Å¡to raÄunalo
+pokreÄe. Ovaj je oblik nazvan binarnim ili izvrÅ¡nim. Oblik Äitljiv ljudima
+nazvan je izvornim kodom. To je ono Å¡to programer stvara, a prevodi se
+drugim raÄunalnim programom u binarni ili izvrÅ¡ni oblik.
+</p>
+
+<p>
+SljedeÄe pravo, pravo mijenjanja, je pravo na ispravljanje greÅ¡aka ili na
+unapreÄivanje programa. Za veÄinu ljudi to znaÄi vaÅ¡e pravo ili pravo vaÅ¡e
+organizacije da platite nekoga tko Äe za vas obaviti posao, na isti naÄin
+kao Å¡to platite automehaniÄaru da vam popravi automobil ili graditelju da
+vam proÅ¡iri kuÄu.
+</p>
+<p>
+Mijenjanje je korisno. Razvijatelji aplikacija ne mogu zamisliti sve naÄine
+na koji Äe netko koristiti njihov softver. Razvijatelji ne mogu predvidjeti
+nove zahtjeve koji Äe biti postavljeni pred njihov kod. Ne mogu uzeti u
+obzir sve lokalne uvjete i hoÄe li netko u Maleziji koristiti program
+prvotno napisan u Finskoj.
+</p>
+<p>
+Na kraju ovih zakonskih prava dolazi pravo na ponovnu distribuciju.
+</p>
+<p>
+To znaÄi da vi, posjednici raÄunala, tvornice softvera, imate pravo izraditi
+kopije nekog programa i distribuirati ga dalje. Te kopije možete naplaÄivati
+ili ih davati besplatno. Drugi mogu Äiniti to isto.
+</p>
+<p>
+Naravno, viÅ¡e postojeÄih, velikih proizvoÄaÄa softvera žele vam zabraniti
+korištenje vaše vlastite imovine. Ne mogu pobijediti na slobodnom tržištu
pa
+napadaju na druge naÄine. U Sjedinjenim državama, na primjer, svjedoci smo
+novih prijedloga zakona kojima bi vam se oduzela sloboda.
+</p>
+<p>
+Pravo na ponovnu distribuciju, tako dugo dok je branjeno i podupirano, znaÄi
+da se softver prodaje na konkurentnom, slobodnom tržištu. To ima više
+posljedica. Niska cijena jedna je od njih. To pomaže potroÅ¡aÄima.
+</p>
+<p>
+No, prvo i najvažnije, ova zakonska i ekonomska prava dovode do suradnje,
+jedne od tema ove konferencije.
+</p>
+<p>
+Ovaj ishod suprotan je oÄekivanjima mnogih ljudi. Malo tko oÄekuje da Äe na
+konkuretnom, slobodnom tržiÅ¡tu svaki proizvoÄaÄ postati skloniji suradnji i
+da neÄe biti vidljive ili osjetne konkurencije izmeÄu poslovnih ljudi koji
+se meÄusobno natjeÄu.
+</p>
+<p>
+Što je tržište konkurentnije, to je više suradnje vidljivo. Do ove prividno
+neoÄekivane posljedice dolazi se jednako opažanjem i zakljuÄivanjem.
+</p>
+<p>
+Ovo je stoga Å¡to ljudi ne trpe nikakvu Å¡tetu ÄineÄi ono Å¡to žele. Ljudi
žele
+pomoÄi svojim susjedima.
+</p>
+<p>
+Zamislite malog poljoprivrednika, jednog od milijun. Moj prijatelj George iz
+Sjedinjenih Država jedan je od njih.
+</p>
+<p>
+Njegova je ljetina toliko malena da ne postoji niÅ¡ta Å¡to bi mogao uÄiniti da
+utjeÄe na svjetsku cijenu. Njegov je susjed u sliÄnom položaju.
+</p>
+<p>
+Stoga, ako George pomogne svojem susjedu, njegov susjed od toga ima koristi,
+a sam George time ništa ne gubi na cijeni koju postiže za svoju ljetinu.
+</p>
+<p>
+BuduÄi da George neÄe naÅ¡tetiti sebi, ima razloga pomoÄi svojem
+susjedu. George nije samo ljubazan, on isto tako shvaÄa da ako pomogne
+susjedu, i susjed Äe njemu uzvratiti uslugom.
+</p>
+<p>
+Ovo vidimo na konkurentnom slobodnom tržištu: suradnju.
+</p>
+<p>
+Vidljivo natjecanje ukazuje na to da tržište nije potpuno slobodno i
+konkurentno. Vidljivo natjecanje znaÄi da u najboljem sluÄaju imate
+poluslobodno tržište.
+</p>
+<p>
+Å toviÅ¡e, ako se softver prodaje na slobodnom tržiÅ¡tu, konkurencija meÄu
+trgovcima dovest Äe do nižih cijena, a ovo donosi dobrobit ljudima koji nisu
+programeri.
+</p>
+<p>
+DrugaÄije reÄeno, cijena softvera odreÄena je prvenstveno pravnim razlozima:
+stupnjem slobode koju kupci uživaju. Ako je kupcima zabranjeno kupiti neki
+proizvod osim po visokoj cijeni, i ta zabrana je uspješno nametnuta,
+proizvod Äe biti skup. To se danas dogaÄa s mnogim vlasniÄkim softverom.
+</p>
+<p>
+S druge strane, ako se softver prodaje na slobodnom tržištu, konkurencija
+meÄu trgovcima dovest Äe do niže cijene.
+</p>
+<p>
+Doista, u nekim situacijama cijena Äe biti toliko niska da Äe tvrtke ili
+druge organizacije dijeliti CD-ROM-ove sa softverom, drugi Äe raditi kopije
+za svoje prijatelje, dok Äe neki drugi pružati moguÄnost preuzimanja preko
+interneta, bez naplate.
+</p>
+<p>
+Ovo znaÄi da Äe sam softver, nužni oslonac poduzeÄa ili projekta zajednice,
+biti jeftin i legalan.
+</p>
+<p>
+RazmiÅ¡ljajte o tome s toÄke glediÅ¡ta malog poduzeÄa ili zajednicom
podržane
+grupe. Organizacija može koristiti vlasniÄki softver ograniÄene distribucije
+i platiti visoku cijenu novcem kojeg nema ili prekršiti zakon i ukrasti ga.
+</p>
+<p>
+S druge strane, slobodan softver jeftin je i legalan. Dostupniji je. Isto
+tako je i prilagodljiv na naÄine na koje vlasniÄki softver Äesto nije. To
+je osnaživanje.
+</p>
+<p>
+UobliÄavamo razvoj ove tehnologije, stvaramo suradnju, koriÅ¡tenjem pravnog
+alata, licence, koja vam daje viÅ¡e prava nego Å¡to biste inaÄe imali, koja
+vam zabranjuje da zabranjujete, koja vam u ovom sluÄaju daje pravo
+kopiranja, prouÄavanja, mijenjanja i ponovnog distribuiranja softvera.
+</p>
+<p>
+Zbog sloboda povezanih s njim, ovaj softver naziva se ‘slobodnim
+softverom.’
+</p>
+<p>
+Kada govorim o ovom izrazu, dozvolite mi da razjasnim verbalni problem koji
+ponekad zbunjuje ljude s engleskog govornog podruÄja.
+</p>
+<p>
+Niska cijena slobodnog softvera dovodi neke ljude s engleskog govornog
+podruÄja da shvaÄaju rijeÄ ‘slobodan’ (engl. <i>free</i>) u
+izrazu ‘slobodan softver’ (engl. <i>free software</i>)kao da
+znaÄi da se softver može nabaviti besplatno. Ovo nije njeno znaÄenje, koje
+se inaÄe odnosi na <a
+href="/philosophy/open-source-misses-the-point.html">slobodu</a>
+(engl. <i>freedom</i>), nego nesporazum do kojeg lako dolazi. Uostalom,
+govorio sam o štedljivom korištenju resursa, softveru koji nije skup.
+</p>
+<p>
+Engleska rijeÄ ‘free’ ima viÅ¡e znaÄenja. Kako mi je jednom rekao
+moj meksiÄki prijatelj i, usto, voditelj jednog velikog softverskog
+projekta,
+</p>
+<blockquote><p>
+Engleski jezik ima greÅ¡kudash;ne pravi razliku izmeÄu ‘besplatnog
+piva’ (engl. <i>free beer</i>) i ‘slobode govora’
+(engl. <i>free speech</i>).
+</p></blockquote>
+<p>
+Å panjolski jezik, s druge strane, pravi razliku izmeÄu ‘gratis’
+i ‘libre’. Slobodan softver je ‘libre’ softver.
+</p>
+<p>
+Isto tako, jezik naÅ¡ih domaÄina, malajski, razlikuje ‘pecuma’ od
+‘kebebasa’. Slobodan softver je ‘kebebasa’ softver.
+</p>
+<p>
+SluÄajnoÅ¡Äu, Eric Raymond i Bruce Perens iskovali su izraz ‘otvoreni
+izvorni kod’ (engl. <i>open source</i>), do prije nekoliko godina
+sinonim za ‘slobodan softver’. Željeli su zaobiÄi nesklonost
+koju mnoge tvrtke imaju prema slobodnim tržištima. Izraz je postao
+popularan; Eric i Bruce uspjeli su u svojoj namjeri.
+</p>
+<p>
+MeÄutim, ja dajem prednost izrazu ‘slobodan softver’ jer bolje
+izražava cilj slobode—pretpostavku da svaki muÅ¡karac i žena, Äak i
+osoba koja živi u zemlji treÄeg svijeta, ima pravo raditi prvorazredan posao
+i ne smije joj to biti zabranjeno.
+</p>
+<p>
+Spomenuo sam da poduzeÄe ili zajednica mogu koristiti softver koji je jeftin
+i legalan.
+</p>
+<p>
+Dozvolite mi da se sada okrenem samoj softverskoj industriji.
+</p>
+<p>
+Zbog konkurencije koja na konkurentnom tržištu prisiljava cijene slobodnog
+softvera da padaju, nitko ne pristupa softverskoj industriji da bi prodavao
+softver kako takav. Umjesto toga, a to se Äesto ne razumije, poduzeÄe
+pristupa toj industriji da bi zaradilo novac na druge naÄine.
+</p>
+<p>
+Tvrtke i ljudi u ‘softverskoj industriji’ ne prodaju sam
+softver, veÄ usluge povezane sa softverom ili hardverom ili druga rjeÅ¡enja.
+</p>
+<p>
+To se dogaÄa u medicinskim i pravnim strukama. I medicinsko i pravno znanje
+slobodno se mogu dalje distribuirati. LijeÄnici i odvjetnici prodaju svoje
+usluge kojima rješavaju probleme.
+</p>
+<p>
+Na koje usluge mislim? Najizravnije, na pomoÄ u koriÅ¡tenju raÄunala ili, na
+konkretnijem primjeru, pomoÄ u postavljanju paketne radio mreže u podruÄju
+bez telefona, ili pomoÄ u stvaranju i održavanju baze podataka nekog
+skladišta.
+</p>
+<p>
+Manje izravno, a sve ÄeÅ¡Äe, hardverske tvrtke koje prodaju telefone ili
+postrojenja za desalinizaciju dodaju svojim proizvodima softver kako bi ih
+kupcima uÄinile privlaÄnijima.
+</p>
+<p>
+Usput, programeri i sami piÅ¡u softver iz Äetiri glavna razloga: prvo, jer su
+plaÄeni da rijeÅ¡e problem, upravo kao Å¡to je odvjetnik plaÄen da sastavi
+ugovor. Drugo, kao dio nekog drugog projekta. TreÄe, zato jer im podiže
+ugled. I Äetvrto, zato jer to žele.
+</p>
+<p>
+Govorio sam o oblikovanju ove tehnologije za suradnju. KljuÄna je sloboda i
+stvaranje pravnog okvira koji podržava slobodu.
+</p>
+<p>
+Dozvolite mi da sada govorim o inicijativama koje vode prema napretku.
+</p>
+<p>
+Jedan od problema s razvojem su resursi, ili toÄnije, njihov nedostatak.
+</p>
+<p>
+Kao Å¡to sam ranije rekao, slobodan softver smanjuje prepreke dostupnosti, u
+samoj softverskoj industriji i u drugim industrijama i djelatnostima.
+</p>
+<p>
+Slobodan softver, zajedno s kulturom i naÄinom razmiÅ¡ljanja kojima su ljudi
+skloni kad suraÄuju, smanjuje operativne troÅ¡kove.
+</p>
+<p>
+Navest Äu primjer koji izravno proizlazi iz ove konferencije. Najprije vam
+trebam reÄi da imam dopisnike Å¡irom svijeta. Nisu svi u bogatim
+zemljama. Oni ili institucije koje ih podržavaju nisu uvijek bogate.
+</p>
+<p>
+Prve poruke o ovoj konferenciji koje sam primio zauzimale su Äetiri i po
+puta više resursa nego što je bilo potrebno za prenošenje
+informacije. Poruke su poslane u napuhanom obliku.
+</p>
+<p>
+SljedeÄi put kada radite troÅ¡kovnik za projekt, razmislite o plaÄanju
Äetiri
+i po puta veÄih troÅ¡kova od njegove cijene. Zatim razmislite biste li ga
+financirali.
+</p>
+<p>
+SljedeÄi put kada plaÄate u restoranu, izvadite Äetiri i po puta viÅ¡e
+novca…
+</p>
+<p>
+Za mene potrošnja resursa nije predstavljala problem jer telekomunikacijske
+usluge ne plaÄam po minuti, kao Å¡to mnogi Äine, ali znam da moji dopisnici
+širom svijeta više vole da se pobrinem da u svojoj komunikaciji ne rasipam
+njihov novac ili novac ustanova koje ih podržavaju.
+</p>
+<p>
+ZnaÄajna odlika slobodnog softvera je da mnoge aplikacije rade dobro na
+starijim, manje moÄnim strojevima, kao Å¡to sam ranije spomenuo. Na primjer,
+prije par mjeseci pokrenuo sam upravljaÄ prozorima, grafiÄki preglednik weba
+i program za obradu slika na starom stroju moje sestre s procesorom
+486. Aplikacije su radile sasvim dobro.
+</p>
+<p>
+Programi za obradu teksta, elektroniÄku poÅ¡tu i tabliÄni kalkulatori
+zahtijevaju još manje resursa.
+</p>
+<p>
+Ova Å¡tedljivost znaÄi da ljudi mogu koristiti stariju opremu koju su tvrtke
+bogatih zemalja odbacile. Takva je oprema jeftina i Äesto donirana. RaÄunala
+je potrebno transportirati. Ponekad je potrebno pokrenuti lokalni projekt za
+obnovu starog hardvera i instaliranje jeftinog, prilagoÄenog, slobodnog
+softvera. Ovi strojevi krajnjeg korisnika koštaju manje od novih strojeva.
+</p>
+<p>
+Istovremeno, proizvoÄaÄi izraÄuju suvremena raÄunala niže cijene i
kvalitete
+koja mogu isto Å¡to i starija, a nisu preskupa.
+</p>
+<p>
+Nema potrebe nabavljati skup, novi hardver da biste pokretali svoj softver.
+</p>
+<p>
+ZakljuÄak —
+</p>
+<p>
+Od mene je traženo da govorim o
+</p>
+<p>
+‘uobliÄavanju razvoja suradniÄke IKT i inicijativi za globalni
+napredak’
+</p>
+<p>
+Zadnjih Å¡esnaest godina radio sam s ljudima koji su oblikovali softver
+pravnim sredstvom koje pruža mnoge slobode: slobodu kopirannja, prouÄavanja,
+mijenjanja i ponovnog distribuiranja softvera.
+</p>
+<p>
+Ovo sredstvo oblikuje softversku tehnologiju kako bi je uÄinilo dostupnijom
+i joÅ¡ viÅ¡e osnažujuÄom; potiÄe ljude da suraÄuju i pruža tehnologiju za
+bolje upravljanje.
+</p>
+<p>
+Ovo pravno sredstvo znaÄi da se tvrtke u IKT industriji ne nadmeÄu u prodaji
+samog softvera, veÄ prodaji usluga povezanih s njim ili da prodaju hardver
+ili druga rješenja.
+</p>
+<p>
+Ovaj pravni okvir znaÄi da Äe tvrtke pružati pouzdanije i uÄinkovitije
+usluge.
+</p>
+<p>
+Sloboda, osigurana odgovarajuÄom licencom, znaÄi da Äe ljudima koji koriste
+raÄunala i telekomunikacije kao alat njihova gospodarska grana biti
+dostupnija.
+</p>
+<p>
+To znaÄi da svi korisnici mogu smanjiti svoje ulazne i operativne
+troÅ¡kove. ZnaÄi da ljudi u siromaÅ¡nijim zemljama ne Å¡alju svoj novac
bogatoj
+zemlji, nego zadržavaju novac u domaÄem gospodarstvu.
+</p>
+<p>
+Å toviÅ¡e, kako sam prije rekao, licence za ograniÄenu distribuciju softvera
+Äesto prisiljavaju ljude da izaberu izmeÄu krÅ¡enja zakona i plaÄanja novcem
+kojeg možda nemaju.
+</p>
+<p>
+U svrhu dobrog upravljanja, država ne bi trebala prisiljavati ljude koji
+pokuÅ¡avaju poÅ¡teno raditi da donose takve odluke. PreÄesto Äe osoba kojoj
+nedostaju sredstva, a koja inaÄe poÅ¡tuje zakon, odabrati krÅ¡enje zakona.
+</p>
+<p>
+Umjesto toga, država bi trebala urediti stvari na naÄin da je ponaÅ¡anje u
+skladu sa zakonom bez dvojbe najbolji postupak, iz pravnih, moralnih i
+praktiÄnih razloga. Ljudi se uvijek nadaju da Äe njihovi susjedi poÅ¡tovati
+zakon i biti poÅ¡teni; slobodan softver to potiÄe.
+</p>
+<p>
+Slobodan softver osnažuje ljude koji su ranije bili izostavljeni.
+</p>
+
+
+<div style="font-size: small;">
+
+<!--TRANSLATORS: Use space (SPC) as msgstr if you don't have notes.-->
+ </div>
+</div>
+
+<!-- for id="content", starts in the include above -->
+<!--#include virtual="/server/footer.hr.html" -->
+<div id="footer">
+
+<p>Molimo vas, opÄenite upite o FSF & GNU Å¡aljite na <a
+href="mailto:address@hidden";><address@hidden></a>. Postoje i <a
+href="/contact/">drugi naÄini kontaktiranja</a> FSF-a. Prekinute poveznice i
+ostale ispravke ili prijedloge možete poslati na <a
+href="mailto:address@hidden";><address@hidden></a>.</p>
+
+<p>
+<!-- TRANSLATORS: Ignore the original text in this paragraph,
+ replace it with the translation of these two:
+
+ We work hard and do our best to provide accurate, good quality
+ translations. However, we are not exempt from imperfection.
+ Please send your comments and general suggestions in this regard
+ to <a href="mailto:address@hidden";>
+
+ <address@hidden></a>.</p>
+
+ <p>For information on coordinating and submitting translations of
+ our web pages, see <a
+ href="/server/standards/README.translations.html">Translations
+ README</a>. -->
+Radimo naporno i dajemo sve od sebe kako bismo pružili toÄne, visoko
+kvalitetne prijevode. MeÄutim, nismo osloboÄeni od nesavrÅ¡enosti. Molimo
+vas, Å¡aljite svoje komentare i opÄenite prijedloge u tom smislu na <a
+href="mailto:address@hidden";><address@hidden></a>.
+Za informacije o koordiniranju i dostavljanju prijevoda naših mrežnih
+stranica, pogledajte <a
+href="/server/standards/README.translations.html">PROÄITAJME za
+prijevode</a>.</p>
+
+<!-- Regarding copyright, in general, standalone pages (as opposed to
+ files generated as part of manuals) on the GNU web server should
+ be under CC BY-ND 3.0 US. Please do NOT change or remove this
+ without talking with the webmasters or licensing team first.
+ Please make sure the copyright date is consistent with the
+ document. For web pages, it is ok to list just the latest year the
+ document was modified, or published.
+
+ If you wish to list earlier years, that is ok too.
+ Either "2001, 2002, 2003" or "2001-2003" are ok for specifying
+ years, as long as each year in the range is in fact a copyrightable
+ year, i.e., a year in which the document was published (including
+ being publicly visible on the web or in a revision control system).
+
+ There is more detail about copyright years in the GNU Maintainers
+ Information document, www.gnu.org/prep/maintain. -->
+<p>Copyright © 1996, 1997, 1998, 2007, 2008, 2010, 2011, 2013 Free
+Software Foundation, Inc.</p>
+
+<p>Ovo djelo dano je na korištenje pod <a rel="license"
+href="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nd/3.0/us/deed.hr";>Licencom
+Creative Commons Imenovanje-Bez prerada 3.0 SAD</a>.</p>
+
+<!--#include virtual="/server/bottom-notes.hr.html" -->
+<div class="translators-credits">
+
+<!--TRANSLATORS: Use space (SPC) as msgstr if you don't want credits.-->
+<b>Prijevod</b>: Nevenko BariÄeviÄ, 2013.</div>
+
+
+ <p><!-- timestamp start -->
+Vrijeme zadnje izmjene:
+
+$Date: 2013/06/18 20:59:05 $
+
+<!-- timestamp end -->
+</p>
+</div>
+</div>
+</body>
+</html>
Index: philosophy/po/ICT-for-prosperity.hr-en.html
===================================================================
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1.1
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+<!--#include virtual="/server/header.html" -->
+<!-- Parent-Version: 1.75 -->
+<title>Shaping Collaborative ICT Development and Initiatives for
+Global Prosperity - GNU Project - Free Software Foundation</title>
+<!--#include virtual="/philosophy/po/ICT-for-prosperity.translist" -->
+<!--#include virtual="/server/banner.html" -->
+
+<h2>Shaping Collaborative ICT Development and Initiatives for Global
+Prosperity</h2>
+
+<p>
+by <a href="http://www.rattlesnake.com/";><strong>Robert
+J. Chassell</strong></a>
+</p>
+
+<p>
+[From a presentation given at the <!-- <br />
+<a href="http://www.globalknowledge.org.my/";> broken link, 1apr11 -->
+Second Global Knowledge Conference<br />
+in Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia, on 7 March 2000.]
+</p>
+<!-- <p>
+[For a more extended discussion, see my<br />
+<a href="http://www.teak.cc/Access-speech.html";>
+Free Software: Access and Empowerment</a>.
+</p> -->
+
+<p>
+The title of this presentation is ‘Shaping
+Collaborative ICT Development and Initiatives for Global
+Prosperity’ and the themes of this conference are
+‘access’, ‘empowerment’ and
+‘governance’.
+</p>
+<p>
+What I want to do today is take one specific technology and talk about
+the way we have shaped that technology to make it accessible and
+empowering, how we have placed it in an economic and institutional
+framework that encourages people to work collaboratively, and how to
+use the technology for better governance.
+</p>
+<p>
+The technology is software. The shaping has to do with copyright
+licensing terms — its legal and institutional framework.
+</p>
+<p>
+As a founder of the Free Software Foundation, I have been working for
+16 years with the legal and institutional framework in which we use
+and develop software. GNU/Linux, a complete software system, is
+the outcome of these efforts.
+</p>
+<p>
+ICT, the information and communications technologies, are
+made up of hardware and software components. I am speaking here only
+of software. However, I hope we can extend our experience from this
+to other technologies.
+</p>
+<p>
+When I speak of software, I am speaking both about the programs that
+run the computer, that is to say, the operating system,
+and about applications, such as electronic mail and other
+communications, spreadsheets, electronic commerce, writing tools,
+sending and receiving FAXes, Web site creation, engineering, research,
+mathematical computations, modeling, image manipulation, and
+networking.
+</p>
+<p>
+Over the last few years, the prices of computer and telecommunications
+hardware have dropped to the point that many more people are using
+them. Indeed, our conference organizers estimate that as many as one
+out of every thirty people in the world have computer-based, online
+telecommunications access.
+</p>
+<p>
+While one out of thirty is still a small portion of the world's
+population, this technology is popular, growing, and becoming more
+important in our daily lives. In addition, we expect that
+computer and telecommunications prices will continue to drop for at
+least another generation, so many who currently lack resources will
+eventually benefit.
+</p>
+<p>
+As with any technology, software can be employed well or badly.
+</p>
+<p>
+At the moment we see both. On the bad side, we see machines that
+crash unnecessarily, email messages that waste their recipients money,
+systems that are vulnerable to simple viruses, and programs that do
+only part of what you want.
+</p>
+<p>
+The key to good use of software is to ensure freedom. In software,
+this leads to collaboration, lower prices, reliability, efficiency,
+security, and fewer barriers to entry and use.
+</p>
+<p>
+For a good use of software technology, people must have the legal
+right to copy, study, modify, and redistribute it. All else flows
+from this.
+</p>
+<p>
+GNU/Linux software gives people these rights. Programmers benefit,
+and more importantly, people who are not programmers benefit.
+</p>
+<p>
+For example, people in an area with lousy or no telephone service can
+use a rugged package called UUCP for communications. I recently read of
+an Oxfam group that did this.
+</p>
+<p>
+People with older machines, even with the very old 80386 chips, can
+run efficient programs that do as much as programs that require a
+modern Pentium chip and expensive memory. And they can use these
+machines as servers for Web pages and as routers — for
+communications' infrastructure.
+</p>
+<p>
+People with just one computer can attach one or two additional
+terminals to it, and provide two or three seats in place of one, for
+very little extra cost. I have done this: a friend visited and we
+both wanted to work on my computer at the same time. Email, Web
+browsing, writing, remote system administration: we did all these at
+the same time.
+</p>
+<p>
+A community group, or business, can set up its own mailing lists or
+news groups, private or public. The groupware is there. Two or more
+people can work on the same document at the same time, even if they
+are in different countries. The last time I did that, I was working
+with a fellow on the other side of the Atlantic Ocean.
+</p>
+<p>
+What script do you want to write in? Hindi, Chinese, Thai? All these
+are possible, and in the same window as English or Cyrillic.
+</p>
+<p>
+Individuals or groups can set up their own Web sites. A publisher can
+typeset his own books. An accountant can analyze a budget. Blind
+people can listen to text read out loud to them by the computer.
+</p>
+<p>
+You can enjoy choosing among several graphic user interfaces, a fancy
+one, another that looks and behaves rather like Microsoft Windows, or
+a third, that is simple and practical.
+</p>
+<p>
+Except for the blind person's speech generation, which requires audio
+that I never installed in my machine, every application I have just
+mentioned runs on my home computer. And people I know have installed
+audio and listen to it.
+</p>
+<p>
+All these applications came on a CD-ROM that was, as it happens, given
+me at no charge. I have also paid for CDs with a different version of
+the software — sometimes it is more convenient just to buy. And
+if you have a fast Internet connection, you can readily download the
+software, paying only your connection costs.
+</p>
+<p>
+This wealth of software is available and can be used anywhere in the
+world.
+</p>
+<p>
+To return to the question of how this technology was shaped: the key,
+as I said, is freedom, the legal right to copy, study, modify, and
+redistribute the software.
+</p>
+<p>
+The specific legal tool we used to create these freedoms and the
+resulting benefits is a specially drafted copyright license, the GNU
+General Public License.
+</p>
+<p>
+This license gives you more rights than plain copyright does, and more
+rights than many other kinds of software license. In essence, it
+forbids you to forbid. It permits you to do everything else.
+</p>
+<p>
+Let me go through this list of rights: copy, study, modify, and
+redistribute.
+</p>
+
+<p>
+First, the right to copy.
+</p>
+<p>
+Not many people own a factory that would enable them to copy a car.
+Indeed, to copy a car is so difficult that we use a different word, we
+speak of ‘manufacturing’ a car. And there are not many
+car manufacturers in the world. Far fewer than one in thirty people
+own or have ready access to a car factory.
+</p>
+<p>
+But everyone with a computer owns a software factory, a device for
+manufacturing software, that is to say, for making new copies.
+Because copying software is so easy, we don't use the word
+‘manufacturing’; we usually do not even think of it as a
+kind of manufacturing, but it is.
+</p>
+<p>
+The right to copy software is the right to use your own means of
+production (if you will pardon my use of an expression that has gone
+out of fashion). Millions of people, a few percent of the world's
+population, own this means of production.
+</p>
+<p>
+Naturally, there have been efforts to take away your rights to use
+your own property as a factory that you own.
+</p>
+
+<p>
+Second, the right to study. This right is of little direct interest to
+people who are not programmers. It is like the right of a lawyer to
+read legal text books. Unless you are a lawyer, you probably wish to
+avoid such books.
+</p>
+<p>
+However, this right to study has several implications, both for those
+who program and for everyone else.
+</p>
+<p>
+The right to study means that people in places like Mexico, or India,
+or Malaysia can study the same code that people in Europe or the
+United States use. It means that these people are not kept from
+learning how others succeeded.
+</p>
+<p>
+Bear in mind that many programmers work under restrictions that forbid
+them from seeing others' code. Rather than sit on the shoulders of
+those who went before, which is the best way to see ahead and to
+advance, they are thrown into the mud. The right to study is the
+right to look ahead, to advance, by sitting on the shoulders of
+giants.
+</p>
+<p>
+Moreover, the right to study means that the software itself must be made
+available in a manner that humans can read.
+</p>
+<p>
+Software comes in two forms, one readable only by computers and the
+other readable by people. The form that a computer can read is what
+the computer runs. This form is called a binary or executable. The
+form that a human can read is called source code. It is what a human
+programmer creates, and is translated by another computer program into
+the binary or executable form.
+</p>
+
+<p>
+The next right, the right to modify, is the right to fix a problem or
+enhance a program. For most people, this means your right or your
+organization's right to hire someone to do the job for you, in
+much the same way you hire an auto mechanic to fix your car or a
+carpenter to extend your home.
+</p>
+<p>
+Modification is helpful. Application developers cannot think of all
+the ways others will use their software. Developers cannot foresee the
+new burdens that will be put on their code. They cannot anticipate
+all the local conditions, whether someone in Malaysia will use a
+program first written in Finland.
+</p>
+<p>
+Finally, of these legal rights, comes the right to redistribute.
+</p>
+<p>
+This means that you, who own a computer, a software factory, have the
+right to make copies of a program and redistribute it. You can charge
+for these copies, or give them away. Others may do the same.
+</p>
+<p>
+Of course, several existing, large software manufacturers want to
+forbid you from using your own property. They cannot win in a free
+market, so they attack in other ways. In the United States, for
+example, we see newly proposed laws to take away your freedom.
+</p>
+<p>
+The right to redistribute, so long as it is defended and upheld, means
+that software is sold in a competitive, free market. This has several
+consequences. Low price is a consequence. This helps consumers.
+</p>
+<p>
+But first and foremost, these legal and economic rights lead to
+collaboration, one of themes of this conference.
+</p>
+<p>
+This outcome is contrary to many people's expectations. Few expect
+that in a competitive, free market, every producer will become more
+collaborative and that there will be no visible or felt competition
+among competing businessmen.
+</p>
+<p>
+The more competitive a market, the more cooperation you see.
+This apparently counter-intuitive implication is both observed and
+inferred.
+</p>
+<p>
+This is because people are not harmed by doing what they want to do.
+People like to help their neighbors.
+</p>
+<p>
+Consider a small farmer, one among a million. My friend George, back
+in the United States, is one such.
+</p>
+<p>
+His harvest is so small, that there is nothing he can do to effect the
+world price. His neighbor is in a similar situation.
+</p>
+<p>
+Consequently, if George helps his neighbor, his neighbor benefits, and
+George himself loses nothing on the price he receives for his harvest.
+</p>
+<p>
+Since George will not hurt himself, he has every other reason to help
+his neighbor. Not only is George kindly, he also recognizes that when
+he helps his neighbor, his neighbor is likely to return the favor.
+</p>
+<p>
+This is what you see in a competitive free market: cooperation.
+</p>
+<p>
+Visible competition indicates that the market is not fully free and
+competitive. Visible competition means that at most you have a
+semi-free market.
+</p>
+<p>
+Moreover, and this benefits people who are not programmers, if
+software is sold in a free market, competition among vendors will lead
+to a lower price.
+</p>
+<p>
+Put another way, the price of software is determined primarily by
+legal considerations: by the degree to which customers enjoy freedom.
+If customers are forbidden to buy a product except at a high price,
+and that prohibition is successfully enforced, the product will be
+expensive. This is what occurs with much proprietary software today.
+</p>
+<p>
+On the other hand, if software is sold in a free market, competition
+among vendors will lead to a lower price.
+</p>
+<p>
+Indeed, in some circumstances the cost will be so low that companies
+or other organizations will give away CD-ROMs containing the software;
+others will make copies for their friends; and yet others will provide
+downloads over the Internet at no charge.
+</p>
+<p>
+This means that software itself, a necessary supporting part of a
+business or community project, will be both inexpensive and legal.
+</p>
+<p>
+Think of this from the point of view of a small business or community
+supported group. The organization can use restricted-distribution,
+proprietary software, and either pay a lot of money it does not have,
+or break the law and steal it.
+</p>
+<p>
+On the other hand, free software is inexpensive and legal. It is more
+accessible. It is also customizable in ways that restricted software
+often is not. This is empowering.
+</p>
+<p>
+We shape the development of this technology, we create collaboration,
+through the use of a legal tool, a license, that gives you more rights
+than you would have otherwise, that forbids you to forbid, that in
+this case, gives you the right to copy, study, modify, and
+redistribute the software.
+</p>
+<p>
+Because of the freedoms associated with it, this software is called
+‘free software.’
+</p>
+<p>
+While I am speaking of this phrase, let me clear up a verbal issue
+that sometimes confuses English speakers.
+</p>
+<p>
+The low price of free software leads some English speakers to think
+that the word ‘free’ in the phrase ‘free
+software’ means they can obtain it without cost. This is not
+the definition, which is about
+<a href="/philosophy/open-source-misses-the-point.html">freedom</a>, but
+it is an easy misunderstanding. After all, I have been talking of
+frugal use of resources, software that is inexpensive.
+</p>
+<p>
+The English word ‘free’ has several meanings. As a
+Mexican friend of mine — and leader, by the way, of a major free
+software project — once said to me,
+</p>
+<blockquote><p>
+English is broken; it does not distinguish between ‘free
+beer’ and ‘free speech’.
+</p></blockquote>
+<p>
+Spanish, on the other hand, distinguishes between ‘gratis’
+and ‘libre’. Free software is ‘libre’
+software.
+</p>
+<p>
+Likewise, the language of our hosts, Bahasa Melayu, distinguishes
+between ‘pecuma’ and ‘kebebasa’. Free
+software is ‘kebebasa’ software.
+</p>
+<p>
+Incidentally, Eric Raymond and Bruce Perens invented the phrase
+‘open source’ a few years ago as a synonym ‘free
+software’. They wanted to work around the dislike many
+companies have of free markets. The phrase is popular; Eric and Bruce
+succeeded in their purpose.
+</p>
+<p>
+However, I prefer the term ‘free software’ since it better
+conveys the goal of freedom; the proposition that every man and woman,
+even a person who lives in a third world country, has the right to do
+first rate work, and must not be forbidden from doing so.
+</p>
+<p>
+I mentioned that a business or community can use software that is
+inexpensive and legal.
+</p>
+<p>
+Now let me turn to the software industry itself.
+</p>
+<p>
+Because competition in a competitive market forces down the price of
+free software, no one enters the software industry to sell software as
+such. Instead, and this is often not understood, a business enters
+the industry to make money in other ways.
+</p>
+<p>
+Companies and people in the ‘software industry’ do not
+sell software itself, but services associated with software or
+hardware or other solutions.
+</p>
+<p>
+This is what happens in the medical and legal professions. Both
+medical knowledge and law are freely redistributable. Physicians and
+lawyers sell their services to solve problems.
+</p>
+<p>
+What services do I mean? Most directly, help in using a computer, or,
+to take more specific examples, help in setting up a packet radio
+network where there is no telephone, or help in creating and nurturing
+a warehouse data base.
+</p>
+<p>
+Less directly, and increasingly, hardware companies that sell
+telephones or desalinization plants, add software to their products to
+make them more attractive to buyers.
+</p>
+<p>
+Incidentally, programmers themselves write software for four main
+reasons: first, because they are hired to solve a problem, just as a
+lawyer is hired to draw up a contract. Second, as part of another
+project. Third, because it enhances their reputation. And fourth,
+because they want to.
+</p>
+<p>
+I have spoken about shaping this technology for collaboration. The
+key is freedom, and creating the legal framework that supports
+freedom.
+</p>
+<p>
+Now let me talk about initiatives that lead to prosperity.
+</p>
+<p>
+One issue with development is resources, or rather, the lack thereof.
+</p>
+<p>
+As I said earlier, free software reduces barriers to entry, both in
+the software industry itself and in other industries and activities.
+</p>
+<p>
+Free software, and the culture and ways people tend to think when they
+collaborate, reduces operational costs.
+</p>
+<p>
+Let me take an example that comes directly from this conference.
+First I should tell you that I have correspondents all over the world.
+They are not all in rich countries. They or their supporting
+institutions are not always rich.
+</p>
+<p>
+The first messages about this conference that I received took up more
+than four and a half times the resources needed to convey the
+information. The messages were sent in a bloated form.
+</p>
+<p>
+Next time you budget for a project, consider paying four and a half
+times its cost. Then consider whether you would fund it.
+</p>
+<p>
+Next time you pay at a restaurant, take out four and a half times the
+money…
+</p>
+<p>
+For me the resource use was not an issue because I don't pay by the
+minute for telecommunications, as many do. But I know that my
+correspondents around the world prefer that I take care in my
+communications that I do not waste their money or that of their
+supporting institutions.
+</p>
+<p>
+A notable feature of free software is that many applications run well
+on older, less capable machines, as I mentioned earlier. For example,
+a couple of months ago I ran a window manager, graphical Web browser,
+and an image manipulation program on my sister's old 486 machine.
+These worked fine.
+</p>
+<p>
+Text editors, electronic mail, and spreadsheets require even fewer
+resources.
+</p>
+<p>
+This frugality means that people can use older equipment that has been
+tossed out by first world companies. Such equipment is inexpensive and
+often donated. The computers need to be transported. Sometimes
+you need to start a local project to refurbish the hardware and load
+it with inexpensive, customized, free software. These machines
+cost the end user less than new machines.
+</p>
+<p>
+At the same time, manufacturers are building modern, low end
+computers that do as much as the older ones, and are not too
+expensive.
+</p>
+<p>
+There is no need to acquire expensive, new hardware to run your
+software.
+</p>
+<p>
+In conclusion —
+</p>
+<p>
+I was asked to speak on
+</p>
+<p>
+‘Shaping Collaborative ICT Development and
+Initiatives for Global Prosperity’
+</p>
+<p>
+Over the past 16 years, I have worked with people who shaped software
+through a legal tool that gives you many freedoms: the freedoms to
+copy, study, modify, and redistribute the software.
+</p>
+<p>
+This tool shapes software technology to make it more accessible and
+more empowering; it encourages people to work collaboratively,
+and provides a technology for better governance.
+</p>
+<p>
+This legal tool means that companies in the ICT industry compete not
+to sell software itself, but to sell services associated with it, or
+to sell hardware, or other solutions.
+</p>
+<p>
+This legal framework means that companies will provide more reliable
+and efficient services.
+</p>
+<p>
+Freedom, ensured by a proper license, means that people who use
+computers and telecommunications as tools can enter their industry
+more easily.
+</p>
+<p>
+It means that all users can reduce their entry and operational costs.
+It means that people in poorer countries are not shipping off their
+money to a rich country, but are keeping their money in the local
+economy.
+</p>
+<p>
+Moreover, as I said above, restricted-distribution software licenses
+often force people to choose between violating the law and paying
+money they may not have.
+</p>
+<p>
+As a matter of good governance, a country should not force people who
+are trying to do a decent job into making such decisions. Too often
+an otherwise law-abiding person who lacks resources will choose to
+violate the law.
+</p>
+<p>
+Instead, a country should arrange matters such that acting in a
+law abiding manner is without doubt the best action, for legal,
+moral, and practical reasons. People always hope their neighbors
+will be law abiding and honest; free software encourages that.
+</p>
+<p>
+Free software empowers people who previously were kept out.
+</p>
+
+</div><!-- for id="content", starts in the include above -->
+<!--#include virtual="/server/footer.html" -->
+<div id="footer">
+
+<p>Please send general FSF & GNU inquiries to
+<a href="mailto:address@hidden";><address@hidden></a>.
+There are also <a href="/contact/">other ways to contact</a>
+the FSF. Broken links and other corrections or suggestions can be sent
+to <a href="mailto:address@hidden";><address@hidden></a>.</p>
+
+<p><!-- TRANSLATORS: Ignore the original text in this paragraph,
+ replace it with the translation of these two:
+
+ We work hard and do our best to provide accurate, good quality
+ translations. However, we are not exempt from imperfection.
+ Please send your comments and general suggestions in this regard
+ to <a href="mailto:address@hidden";>
+ <address@hidden></a>.</p>
+
+ <p>For information on coordinating and submitting translations of
+ our web pages, see <a
+ href="/server/standards/README.translations.html">Translations
+ README</a>. -->
+Please see the <a
+href="/server/standards/README.translations.html">Translations
+README</a> for information on coordinating and submitting translations
+of this article.</p>
+
+<!-- Regarding copyright, in general, standalone pages (as opposed to
+ files generated as part of manuals) on the GNU web server should
+ be under CC BY-ND 3.0 US. Please do NOT change or remove this
+ without talking with the webmasters or licensing team first.
+ Please make sure the copyright date is consistent with the
+ document. For web pages, it is ok to list just the latest year the
+ document was modified, or published.
+
+ If you wish to list earlier years, that is ok too.
+ Either "2001, 2002, 2003" or "2001-2003" are ok for specifying
+ years, as long as each year in the range is in fact a copyrightable
+ year, i.e., a year in which the document was published (including
+ being publicly visible on the web or in a revision control system).
+
+ There is more detail about copyright years in the GNU Maintainers
+ Information document, www.gnu.org/prep/maintain. -->
+
+<p>Copyright © 1996, 1997, 1998, 2007, 2008, 2010, 2011, 2013 Free
+Software Foundation, Inc.</p>
+
+<p>This page is licensed under a <a rel="license"
+href="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nd/3.0/us/";>Creative
+Commons Attribution-NoDerivs 3.0 United States License</a>.</p>
+
+<!--#include virtual="/server/bottom-notes.html" -->
+
+<p>Updated:
+<!-- timestamp start -->
+$Date: 2013/06/18 20:59:05 $
+<!-- timestamp end -->
+</p>
+</div>
+</div>
+</body>
+</html>
Index: po/home.hr-en.html
===================================================================
RCS file: po/home.hr-en.html
diff -N po/home.hr-en.html
--- /dev/null 1 Jan 1970 00:00:00 -0000
+++ po/home.hr-en.html 18 Jun 2013 20:59:06 -0000 1.1
@@ -0,0 +1,256 @@
+<!--#include virtual="/server/header.html" -->
+<!-- Parent-Version: 1.75 -->
+
+<title>The GNU Operating System</title>
+
+<meta http-equiv="Keywords" content="GNU, FSF, Free Software Foundation,
Linux, Emacs, GCC, Unix, Free Software, Libre Software, Operating System, GNU
Kernel, GNU Hurd" />
+<meta http-equiv="Description" content="Since 1983, developing the free Unix
style operating system GNU, so that computer users can have the freedom to
share and improve the software they use." />
+<link rel="alternate" title="Planet GNU"
href="http://planet.gnu.org/rss20.xml"; type="application/rss+xml" />
+<link rel="alternate" title="What's New"
href="http://www.gnu.org/rss/whatsnew.rss"; type="application/rss+xml" />
+<link rel="alternate" title="New Free Software"
href="http://www.gnu.org/rss/quagga.rss"; type="application/rss+xml" />
+
+<!--#include virtual="/po/home.translist" -->
+<!--#include virtual="/server/banner.html" -->
+
+<p class="netscape4">Richard Stallman announced in September 1983 the plan to
develop a free software Unix-like operating system called GNU. GNU is the only
operating system developed specifically for the sake of users' freedom.</p>
+
+<div class="yui-g home">
+ <div class="yui-u first">
+
+ <h2>What is GNU?</h2>
+
+<p>GNU is a Unix-like operating system that
+is <a href="/philosophy/free-sw.html">free software</a>—it
+respects your freedom. You can install
+<a href="/distros/free-distros.html">
+versions of GNU</a> (more precisely, GNU/Linux systems) which are
+entirely free software.</p>
+
+<p class="c"><a href="/distros/screenshot.html"><img
+ src="/graphics/t-desktop-4-small.jpg" alt="Screenshot of GNU"
+ /></a></p>
+
+<p>The <a href="/gnu/gnu.html">GNU Project</a> was launched in 1984 to
+develop the GNU system. The name “GNU” is a recursive
+acronym for “GNU's Not
+Unix!”. <a href="/pronunciation/pronunciation.html"> "GNU" is
+pronounced <em>g'noo</em></a>, as one syllable, like saying "grew" but
+replacing the <em>r</em> with <em>n</em>.</p>
+
+<p>A Unix-like operating system is a <a href="/software/">software
+collection</a> of applications, libraries, and developer tools, plus a
+program to allocate resources and talk to the hardware, known as a
+kernel.</p>
+
+<p><a href="/software/hurd/hurd.html">The Hurd, GNU's own kernel</a>,
+is some way from being ready for daily use. Thus, GNU is typically
+used today with a kernel called Linux. This combination is
+the <a href="/gnu/linux-and-gnu.html"> <strong>GNU/Linux operating
+system</strong></a>. GNU/Linux is used by millions, though
+many <a href="/gnu/gnu-linux-faq.html"> call it "Linux" by
+mistake</a>.</p>
+
+<p><a href="/provide.html">What we provide</a>.</p>
+
+</div><!-- class="yui-u first" -->
+
+ <div class="yui-u">
+
+ <p class="button c large"><a
+ href="/distros/free-distros.html">Download GNU now</a></p>
+
+ <div class="emph-box">
+
+<h4 id="Flashes"><a href="http://planet.gnu.org/";>Planet GNU</a> <a
href="http://planet.gnu.org/rss20.xml";><img src="/feed-icon-10x10.png" alt="RSS
Feed" /></a></h4>
+
+<!--
+ rms SEZ:
+ DO NOT MAKE THIS MORE THAN 5 LINES, AND DO NOT PUT
+ MORE THAN 2 ITEMS HERE.
+-->
+
+<!--#include virtual="/planetfeeds.html" -->
+
+<p>For more news, see <a href="http://planet.gnu.org/";>Planet GNU</a>
+and the list of <a href="/software/recent-releases.html">recent GNU
+releases</a>.</p>
+
+<h4>GNU Guile</h4>
+<p><a href="http://www.gnu.org/software/guile/";>GNU Guile</a> is the
+official extension language for the GNU Operating System. Version 2.0
+was released February 16, 2011 with a
+<a href="http://www.gnu.org/software/guile/news.html";>wealth of new
+features.</a> Its compiler infrastructure, libraries, and dynamic
+programming environment make it a great language to write applications in.
+<a href="http://www.gnu.org/software/guile/community.html";>Join the
+community now!</a></p>
+
+<h4>GNUstep</h4>
+
+<p><a href="http://www.gnustep.org/";>GNUstep</a> is a fully-functional
+object-oriented development environment. We need developers to write and
+port applications to GNUstep so that we can make it a great experience
+for users.</p>
+
+</div><!-- class="emph-box" -->
+</div><!-- class="yui-u" -->
+</div><!-- class="yui-g home" -->
+
+<div class="yui-gc">
+ <div class="yui-u first">
+
+<h2>What is Free Software?</h2>
+
+<p>“<a href="/philosophy/free-sw.html">Free software</a>”
+is a matter of liberty, not price. To understand the concept, you
+should think of “free” as in “free speech”,
+not as in “free beer”.</p>
+
+<p><strong>Free software is a matter of the users' freedom to run,
+copy, distribute, study, change and improve the software.</strong> More
+precisely, it refers to four kinds of freedom, for the users of the
+software:</p>
+
+<ul>
+<li>The freedom to run the program, for any purpose (freedom 0).</li>
+<li>The freedom to study how the program works, and adapt it to your needs
+ (freedom 1). Access to the source code is a precondition for this.</li>
+<li>The freedom to redistribute copies so you can help your neighbor
+ (freedom 2).</li>
+<li>The freedom to improve the program, and release your improvements
+ to the public, so that the whole community benefits
+ (freedom 3). Access to the source code is a precondition for this.</li>
+</ul>
+
+</div><!-- class="yui-u first" -->
+
+<div class="yui-u">
+<!-- BEGIN TakeAction -->
+
+<h2 id="Action">Take Action</h2>
+<ul>
+<li><strong><a href="http://www.fsf.org/campaigns";>Support current FSF
+campaigns</a></strong>.</li>
+
+<li>Defend <a href="http://www.laquadrature.net/en/Privacy";>
+privacy</a>, and support <a
+href="http://www.laquadrature.net/en/the-eu-commissions-outrageous-attempt-to-avoid-copyright-reform";>
+global copyright reform</a> with <a
+href="http://www.laquadrature.net/en/";>LQDN</a>.</li>
+
+<li>Support the efforts on net neutrality in Europe,
+<a href="http://www.savetheinternet.com"; title="Net
+neutrality in the United States of America">in the USA</a>
+and <a href="http://www.neutrality.ca"; title="Net neutrality in
+Canada">in Canada</a>.</li>
+
+<li><strong>Fight against software patents:</strong>
+<a href="http://www.endsoftpatents.org";>worldwide</a>,
+<a href="/server/takeaction.html#swpat">and Europe</a>.</li>
+
+<li><strong>Watch and share this movie:</strong> <a
+href="http://patentabsurdity.com";>Patent Absurdity</a>—made
+possible by <a href="http://www.fsf.org/associate/";>FSF associate
+members</a> like <a href="http://fsf.org/jfb";>you</a>.</li>
+
+<li><strong><a href="/server/takeaction.html#wipochange">Call
+on WIPO</a></strong> to change its name and mission.</li>
+
+<li>Students! <a href="http://www.aful.org/communiques/univ-offers-me-windows";>
+Claim a refund on your unused Microsoft Windows licences</a>.</li>
+
+<li><a href="/server/takeaction.html#directory">Add to the Free Software
+Directory</a>.</li>
+
+<li><a href="/server/takeaction.html">More action items.</a></li>
+
+</ul>
+
+<!-- END TakeAction -->
+</div><!-- class="yui-u" -->
+</div><!-- class="yui-gc" -->
+
+<div class="yui-g highlight-para">
+
+<p><strong>Can you contribute to any of
+these <a href="http://www.fsf.org/campaigns/priority-projects/";>High
+Priority Projects</a>?</strong> Gnash, coreboot, free distributions of
+GNU/Linux, GNU Octave, drivers for network routers, reversible
+debugging in GDB, automatic transcription, PowerVR drivers, and also
+free software replacements for Skype, OpenDWG libraries, and Oracle
+Forms.</p>
+
+<p id="unmaint"><strong>Can you take over an <a
+href="/server/takeaction.html#unmaint">unmaintained GNU
+package</a>?</strong>
+<span class="gnun-split"></span>
+ <a href="/software/dismal/">dismal</a>,
+ <a href="/software/dr-geo/">dr-geo</a>,
+ <a href="/software/gnatsweb/">gnatsweb</a>,
+ <a href="/software/gnukart/">gnukart</a>,
+ <a href="/software/halifax/">halifax</a>,
+ <a href="/software/jwhois/">jwhois</a>,
+ <a href="/software/libffcall/">libffcall</a>,
+ <a href="/software/metahtml/">metahtml</a>,
+ <a href="/software/orgadoc/">orgadoc</a>,
+ <a href="/software/polyxmass/">polyxmass</a>,
+ <a href="/software/rottlog/">rottlog</a>,
+ <a href="/software/superopt/">superopt</a>,
+ <a href="/software/teximpatient/">teximpatient</a>,
+ <a href="/software/uucp/">uucp</a><span class="gnun-split"></span>,
+are all <a href="/server/takeaction.html#unmaint">looking for
+maintainers</a>. Also, these packages are looking for co-maintainers:
+<span class="gnun-split"></span>
+ <a href="/software/gnats/">gnats</a>,
+ <a href="/software/gnuae/">gnuae</a>,
+ <a href="/software/metaexchange/">metaexchange</a>,
+ <a href="/software/powerguru/">powerguru</a><span class="gnun-split"></span>.
+See the package web pages for more information.</p>
+
+</div><!-- class="yui-g highlight-para" -->
+
+</div><!-- for id="content", starts in the include above -->
+<!--#include virtual="/server/footer.html" -->
+<div id="footer">
+
+<!-- Regarding copyright, in general, standalone pages (as opposed to
+ files generated as part of manuals) on the GNU web server should
+ be under CC BY-ND 3.0 US. Please do NOT change or remove this
+ without talking with the webmasters or licensing team first.
+ Please make sure the copyright date is consistent with the
+ document. For web pages, it is ok to list just the latest year the
+ document was modified, or published.
+
+ If you wish to list earlier years, that is ok too.
+ Either "2001, 2002, 2003" or "2001-2003" are ok for specifying
+ years, as long as each year in the range is in fact a copyrightable
+ year, i.e., a year in which the document was published (including
+ being publicly visible on the web or in a revision control system).
+
+ There is more detail about copyright years in the GNU Maintainers
+ Information document, www.gnu.org/prep/maintain. -->
+
+<p>Copyright © 1996, 1997, 1998, 1999, 2000, 2001, 2002, 2003,
+2004, 2005, 2006, 2007, 2008, 2009, 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013 <a
+href="http://www.fsf.org";>Free Software Foundation</a>, Inc.</p>
+
+<p>The <a href="http://www.fsf.org/";>FSF</a> also has sister
+organizations in <a href="http://www.fsfe.org";>Europe</a>, <a
+href="http://www.fsfla.org/";>Latin America</a> and <a
+href="http://fsf.org.in/";>India</a>.</p>
+
+<p>This page is licensed under a <a rel="license"
+href="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nd/3.0/us/";>Creative
+Commons Attribution-NoDerivs 3.0 United States License</a>.</p>
+
+<!--#include virtual="/server/bottom-notes.html" -->
+
+<p>Updated:
+<!-- timestamp start -->
+$Date: 2013/06/18 20:59:06 $
+<!-- timestamp end -->
+</p>
+</div>
+</div>
+</body>
+</html>
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