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www/gnu gnu-history.cs.html gnu-history.nl.html...
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From: |
GNUN |
|
Subject: |
www/gnu gnu-history.cs.html gnu-history.nl.html... |
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Date: |
Fri, 12 Apr 2013 07:05:37 +0000 |
CVSROOT: /web/www
Module name: www
Changes by: GNUN <gnun> 13/04/12 07:05:37
Modified files:
gnu : gnu-history.cs.html gnu-history.nl.html
gnu-history.pt-br.html
gnu-users-never-heard-of-gnu.cs.html
gnu-users-never-heard-of-gnu.nl.html
gnu.el.html gnu.ko.html linux-and-gnu.cs.html
linux-and-gnu.nl.html manifesto.el.html
manifesto.nl.html thegnuproject.cs.html
thegnuproject.nl.html
gnu/po : linux-and-gnu.cs-diff.html
linux-and-gnu.nl-diff.html
thegnuproject.cs-diff.html
thegnuproject.nl-diff.html
Added files:
gnu/po : gnu-history.cs-diff.html
gnu-history.nl-diff.html
gnu-history.pt-br-diff.html
gnu-users-never-heard-of-gnu.cs-diff.html
gnu-users-never-heard-of-gnu.nl-diff.html
gnu.el-diff.html gnu.ko-diff.html
manifesto.el-diff.html manifesto.nl-diff.html
Log message:
Automatic update by GNUnited Nations.
CVSWeb URLs:
http://web.cvs.savannah.gnu.org/viewcvs/www/gnu/gnu-history.cs.html?cvsroot=www&r1=1.16&r2=1.17
http://web.cvs.savannah.gnu.org/viewcvs/www/gnu/gnu-history.nl.html?cvsroot=www&r1=1.11&r2=1.12
http://web.cvs.savannah.gnu.org/viewcvs/www/gnu/gnu-history.pt-br.html?cvsroot=www&r1=1.12&r2=1.13
http://web.cvs.savannah.gnu.org/viewcvs/www/gnu/gnu-users-never-heard-of-gnu.cs.html?cvsroot=www&r1=1.6&r2=1.7
http://web.cvs.savannah.gnu.org/viewcvs/www/gnu/gnu-users-never-heard-of-gnu.nl.html?cvsroot=www&r1=1.9&r2=1.10
http://web.cvs.savannah.gnu.org/viewcvs/www/gnu/gnu.el.html?cvsroot=www&r1=1.25&r2=1.26
http://web.cvs.savannah.gnu.org/viewcvs/www/gnu/gnu.ko.html?cvsroot=www&r1=1.12&r2=1.13
http://web.cvs.savannah.gnu.org/viewcvs/www/gnu/linux-and-gnu.cs.html?cvsroot=www&r1=1.11&r2=1.12
http://web.cvs.savannah.gnu.org/viewcvs/www/gnu/linux-and-gnu.nl.html?cvsroot=www&r1=1.12&r2=1.13
http://web.cvs.savannah.gnu.org/viewcvs/www/gnu/manifesto.el.html?cvsroot=www&r1=1.18&r2=1.19
http://web.cvs.savannah.gnu.org/viewcvs/www/gnu/manifesto.nl.html?cvsroot=www&r1=1.13&r2=1.14
http://web.cvs.savannah.gnu.org/viewcvs/www/gnu/thegnuproject.cs.html?cvsroot=www&r1=1.17&r2=1.18
http://web.cvs.savannah.gnu.org/viewcvs/www/gnu/thegnuproject.nl.html?cvsroot=www&r1=1.16&r2=1.17
http://web.cvs.savannah.gnu.org/viewcvs/www/gnu/po/linux-and-gnu.cs-diff.html?cvsroot=www&r1=1.1&r2=1.2
http://web.cvs.savannah.gnu.org/viewcvs/www/gnu/po/linux-and-gnu.nl-diff.html?cvsroot=www&r1=1.1&r2=1.2
http://web.cvs.savannah.gnu.org/viewcvs/www/gnu/po/thegnuproject.cs-diff.html?cvsroot=www&r1=1.1&r2=1.2
http://web.cvs.savannah.gnu.org/viewcvs/www/gnu/po/thegnuproject.nl-diff.html?cvsroot=www&r1=1.1&r2=1.2
http://web.cvs.savannah.gnu.org/viewcvs/www/gnu/po/gnu-history.cs-diff.html?cvsroot=www&rev=1.1
http://web.cvs.savannah.gnu.org/viewcvs/www/gnu/po/gnu-history.nl-diff.html?cvsroot=www&rev=1.1
http://web.cvs.savannah.gnu.org/viewcvs/www/gnu/po/gnu-history.pt-br-diff.html?cvsroot=www&rev=1.1
http://web.cvs.savannah.gnu.org/viewcvs/www/gnu/po/gnu-users-never-heard-of-gnu.cs-diff.html?cvsroot=www&rev=1.1
http://web.cvs.savannah.gnu.org/viewcvs/www/gnu/po/gnu-users-never-heard-of-gnu.nl-diff.html?cvsroot=www&rev=1.1
http://web.cvs.savannah.gnu.org/viewcvs/www/gnu/po/gnu.el-diff.html?cvsroot=www&rev=1.1
http://web.cvs.savannah.gnu.org/viewcvs/www/gnu/po/gnu.ko-diff.html?cvsroot=www&rev=1.1
http://web.cvs.savannah.gnu.org/viewcvs/www/gnu/po/manifesto.el-diff.html?cvsroot=www&rev=1.1
http://web.cvs.savannah.gnu.org/viewcvs/www/gnu/po/manifesto.nl-diff.html?cvsroot=www&rev=1.1
Patches:
Index: gnu-history.cs.html
===================================================================
RCS file: /web/www/www/gnu/gnu-history.cs.html,v
retrieving revision 1.16
retrieving revision 1.17
diff -u -b -r1.16 -r1.17
--- gnu-history.cs.html 9 Feb 2013 07:44:58 -0000 1.16
+++ gnu-history.cs.html 12 Apr 2013 07:05:28 -0000 1.17
@@ -10,6 +10,13 @@
<meta name="Keywords" content="GNU, GNU projekt, FSF, Free Software, Nadace
pro svobodný software, historie" />
<!--#include virtual="/server/banner.cs.html" -->
+<!--#set var="PO_FILE"
+ value='<a href="http://www.gnu.org/gnu/po/gnu-history.cs.po";>
+ http://www.gnu.org/gnu/po/gnu-history.cs.po</a>' -->
+ <!--#set var="ORIGINAL_FILE" value="/gnu/gnu-history.html" -->
+ <!--#set var="DIFF_FILE" value="/gnu/po/gnu-history.cs-diff.html" -->
+ <!--#set var="OUTDATED_SINCE" value="2013-02-11" -->
+ <!--#include virtual="/server/outdated.cs.html" -->
<!--#include virtual="/gnu/po/gnu-history.translist" -->
<h2>PÅehled projektu GNU</h2>
@@ -159,7 +166,7 @@
<p><!-- timestamp start -->
Aktualizováno:
-$Date: 2013/02/09 07:44:58 $
+$Date: 2013/04/12 07:05:28 $
<!-- timestamp end -->
</p>
Index: gnu-history.nl.html
===================================================================
RCS file: /web/www/www/gnu/gnu-history.nl.html,v
retrieving revision 1.11
retrieving revision 1.12
diff -u -b -r1.11 -r1.12
--- gnu-history.nl.html 9 Feb 2013 07:44:58 -0000 1.11
+++ gnu-history.nl.html 12 Apr 2013 07:05:28 -0000 1.12
@@ -11,6 +11,13 @@
<meta name="Keywords" content="GNU, GNU Project, FSF, Free Software, Free
Software Foundation, Geschiedenis" />
<!--#include virtual="/server/banner.nl.html" -->
+<!--#set var="PO_FILE"
+ value='<a href="http://www.gnu.org/gnu/po/gnu-history.nl.po";>
+ http://www.gnu.org/gnu/po/gnu-history.nl.po</a>' -->
+ <!--#set var="ORIGINAL_FILE" value="/gnu/gnu-history.html" -->
+ <!--#set var="DIFF_FILE" value="/gnu/po/gnu-history.nl-diff.html" -->
+ <!--#set var="OUTDATED_SINCE" value="2013-02-11" -->
+ <!--#include virtual="/server/outdated.nl.html" -->
<!--#include virtual="/gnu/po/gnu-history.translist" -->
<h2>Overzicht van het GNU Systeem</h2>
@@ -172,7 +179,7 @@
<p><!-- timestamp start -->
Bijgewerkt:
-$Date: 2013/02/09 07:44:58 $
+$Date: 2013/04/12 07:05:28 $
<!-- timestamp end -->
</p>
Index: gnu-history.pt-br.html
===================================================================
RCS file: /web/www/www/gnu/gnu-history.pt-br.html,v
retrieving revision 1.12
retrieving revision 1.13
diff -u -b -r1.12 -r1.13
--- gnu-history.pt-br.html 9 Feb 2013 07:44:58 -0000 1.12
+++ gnu-history.pt-br.html 12 Apr 2013 07:05:29 -0000 1.13
@@ -10,6 +10,13 @@
<meta name="Keywords" content="GNU, Projeto GNU, FSF, Software Livre, Free
Software Foundation, História" />
<!--#include virtual="/server/banner.pt-br.html" -->
+<!--#set var="PO_FILE"
+ value='<a href="http://www.gnu.org/gnu/po/gnu-history.pt-br.po";>
+ http://www.gnu.org/gnu/po/gnu-history.pt-br.po</a>' -->
+ <!--#set var="ORIGINAL_FILE" value="/gnu/gnu-history.html" -->
+ <!--#set var="DIFF_FILE" value="/gnu/po/gnu-history.pt-br-diff.html" -->
+ <!--#set var="OUTDATED_SINCE" value="2013-02-11" -->
+ <!--#include virtual="/server/outdated.pt-br.html" -->
<!--#include virtual="/gnu/po/gnu-history.translist" -->
<h2>Visão Geral do Sistema GNU</h2>
@@ -169,7 +176,7 @@
<p><!-- timestamp start -->
Ãltima atualização:
-$Date: 2013/02/09 07:44:58 $
+$Date: 2013/04/12 07:05:29 $
<!-- timestamp end -->
</p>
Index: gnu-users-never-heard-of-gnu.cs.html
===================================================================
RCS file: /web/www/www/gnu/gnu-users-never-heard-of-gnu.cs.html,v
retrieving revision 1.6
retrieving revision 1.7
diff -u -b -r1.6 -r1.7
--- gnu-users-never-heard-of-gnu.cs.html 9 Feb 2013 07:44:59 -0000
1.6
+++ gnu-users-never-heard-of-gnu.cs.html 12 Apr 2013 07:05:29 -0000
1.7
@@ -8,6 +8,13 @@
svobodný software (FSF)</title>
<!--#include virtual="/server/banner.cs.html" -->
+<!--#set var="PO_FILE"
+ value='<a href="http://www.gnu.org/gnu/po/gnu-users-never-heard-of-gnu.cs.po";>
+ http://www.gnu.org/gnu/po/gnu-users-never-heard-of-gnu.cs.po</a>' -->
+ <!--#set var="ORIGINAL_FILE" value="/gnu/gnu-users-never-heard-of-gnu.html"
-->
+ <!--#set var="DIFF_FILE"
value="/gnu/po/gnu-users-never-heard-of-gnu.cs-diff.html" -->
+ <!--#set var="OUTDATED_SINCE" value="2013-02-11" -->
+ <!--#include virtual="/server/outdated.cs.html" -->
<!--#include virtual="/gnu/po/gnu-users-never-heard-of-gnu.translist" -->
<h2>Uživatelé GNU, kteÅà nikdy neslyÅ¡eli o GNU</h2>
@@ -98,7 +105,7 @@
<p><!-- timestamp start -->
Aktualizováno:
-$Date: 2013/02/09 07:44:59 $
+$Date: 2013/04/12 07:05:29 $
<!-- timestamp end -->
</p>
Index: gnu-users-never-heard-of-gnu.nl.html
===================================================================
RCS file: /web/www/www/gnu/gnu-users-never-heard-of-gnu.nl.html,v
retrieving revision 1.9
retrieving revision 1.10
diff -u -b -r1.9 -r1.10
--- gnu-users-never-heard-of-gnu.nl.html 9 Feb 2013 07:44:59 -0000
1.9
+++ gnu-users-never-heard-of-gnu.nl.html 12 Apr 2013 07:05:29 -0000
1.10
@@ -8,6 +8,13 @@
Software Foundation (FSF)</title>
<!--#include virtual="/server/banner.nl.html" -->
+<!--#set var="PO_FILE"
+ value='<a href="http://www.gnu.org/gnu/po/gnu-users-never-heard-of-gnu.nl.po";>
+ http://www.gnu.org/gnu/po/gnu-users-never-heard-of-gnu.nl.po</a>' -->
+ <!--#set var="ORIGINAL_FILE" value="/gnu/gnu-users-never-heard-of-gnu.html"
-->
+ <!--#set var="DIFF_FILE"
value="/gnu/po/gnu-users-never-heard-of-gnu.nl-diff.html" -->
+ <!--#set var="OUTDATED_SINCE" value="2013-02-11" -->
+ <!--#include virtual="/server/outdated.nl.html" -->
<!--#include virtual="/gnu/po/gnu-users-never-heard-of-gnu.translist" -->
<h2>GNU Gebruikers Die Nog Nooit van GNU Gehoord Hebben</h2>
@@ -104,7 +111,7 @@
<p><!-- timestamp start -->
Bijgewerkt:
-$Date: 2013/02/09 07:44:59 $
+$Date: 2013/04/12 07:05:29 $
<!-- timestamp end -->
</p>
Index: gnu.el.html
===================================================================
RCS file: /web/www/www/gnu/gnu.el.html,v
retrieving revision 1.25
retrieving revision 1.26
diff -u -b -r1.25 -r1.26
--- gnu.el.html 9 Feb 2013 07:45:00 -0000 1.25
+++ gnu.el.html 12 Apr 2013 07:05:29 -0000 1.26
@@ -7,6 +7,13 @@
<title>Το ÎειÏοÏ
ÏÎ³Î¹ÎºÏ Î£ÏÏÏημα GNU - ÎÏγο GNU - ÎδÏÏ
μα ÎλεÏθεÏοÏ
ÎογιÏÎ¼Î¹ÎºÎ¿Ï (ÎÎÎ)</title>
<!--#include virtual="/server/banner.el.html" -->
+<!--#set var="PO_FILE"
+ value='<a href="http://www.gnu.org/gnu/po/gnu.el.po";>
+ http://www.gnu.org/gnu/po/gnu.el.po</a>' -->
+ <!--#set var="ORIGINAL_FILE" value="/gnu/gnu.html" -->
+ <!--#set var="DIFF_FILE" value="/gnu/po/gnu.el-diff.html" -->
+ <!--#set var="OUTDATED_SINCE" value="2013-02-11" -->
+ <!--#include virtual="/server/outdated.el.html" -->
<!--#include virtual="/gnu/po/gnu.translist" -->
<h2>Το ÎειÏοÏ
ÏÎ³Î¹ÎºÏ Î£ÏÏÏημα GNU</h2>
@@ -106,7 +113,7 @@
<p><!-- timestamp start -->
ÎνημεÏÏθηκε:
-$Date: 2013/02/09 07:45:00 $
+$Date: 2013/04/12 07:05:29 $
<!-- timestamp end -->
</p>
Index: gnu.ko.html
===================================================================
RCS file: /web/www/www/gnu/gnu.ko.html,v
retrieving revision 1.12
retrieving revision 1.13
diff -u -b -r1.12 -r1.13
--- gnu.ko.html 9 Feb 2013 07:45:00 -0000 1.12
+++ gnu.ko.html 12 Apr 2013 07:05:29 -0000 1.13
@@ -7,6 +7,13 @@
<title>GNU ì´ìì²´ì - GNU íë¡ì í¸ - ìì ìíí¸ì¨ì´ ì¬ë¨
(FSF)</title>
<!--#include virtual="/server/banner.ko.html" -->
+<!--#set var="PO_FILE"
+ value='<a href="http://www.gnu.org/gnu/po/gnu.ko.po";>
+ http://www.gnu.org/gnu/po/gnu.ko.po</a>' -->
+ <!--#set var="ORIGINAL_FILE" value="/gnu/gnu.html" -->
+ <!--#set var="DIFF_FILE" value="/gnu/po/gnu.ko-diff.html" -->
+ <!--#set var="OUTDATED_SINCE" value="2013-02-11" -->
+ <!--#include virtual="/server/outdated.ko.html" -->
<!--#include virtual="/gnu/po/gnu.translist" -->
<h2>GNU ì´ìì²´ì </h2>
@@ -90,7 +97,7 @@
<p><!-- timestamp start -->
ìµì¢
ìì ì¼:
-$Date: 2013/02/09 07:45:00 $
+$Date: 2013/04/12 07:05:29 $
<!-- timestamp end -->
</p>
Index: linux-and-gnu.cs.html
===================================================================
RCS file: /web/www/www/gnu/linux-and-gnu.cs.html,v
retrieving revision 1.11
retrieving revision 1.12
diff -u -b -r1.11 -r1.12
--- linux-and-gnu.cs.html 9 Feb 2013 07:45:01 -0000 1.11
+++ linux-and-gnu.cs.html 12 Apr 2013 07:05:29 -0000 1.12
@@ -15,6 +15,13 @@
<link rel="alternate" title="Nový svobodný software"
href="http://www.gnu.org/rss/quagga.rss"; type="application/rss+xml" />
<!--#include virtual="/server/banner.cs.html" -->
+<!--#set var="PO_FILE"
+ value='<a href="http://www.gnu.org/gnu/po/linux-and-gnu.cs.po";>
+ http://www.gnu.org/gnu/po/linux-and-gnu.cs.po</a>' -->
+ <!--#set var="ORIGINAL_FILE" value="/gnu/linux-and-gnu.html" -->
+ <!--#set var="DIFF_FILE" value="/gnu/po/linux-and-gnu.cs-diff.html" -->
+ <!--#set var="OUTDATED_SINCE" value="2013-02-11" -->
+ <!--#include virtual="/server/outdated.cs.html" -->
<!--#include virtual="/gnu/po/linux-and-gnu.translist" -->
<h2>Linux a systém GNU</h2>
@@ -281,7 +288,7 @@
<p><!-- timestamp start -->
Aktualizováno:
-$Date: 2013/02/09 07:45:01 $
+$Date: 2013/04/12 07:05:29 $
<!-- timestamp end -->
</p>
Index: linux-and-gnu.nl.html
===================================================================
RCS file: /web/www/www/gnu/linux-and-gnu.nl.html,v
retrieving revision 1.12
retrieving revision 1.13
diff -u -b -r1.12 -r1.13
--- linux-and-gnu.nl.html 9 Feb 2013 07:45:05 -0000 1.12
+++ linux-and-gnu.nl.html 12 Apr 2013 07:05:30 -0000 1.13
@@ -16,6 +16,13 @@
<link rel="alternate" title="New Free Software"
href="http://www.gnu.org/rss/quagga.rss"; type="application/rss+xml" />
<!--#include virtual="/server/banner.nl.html" -->
+<!--#set var="PO_FILE"
+ value='<a href="http://www.gnu.org/gnu/po/linux-and-gnu.nl.po";>
+ http://www.gnu.org/gnu/po/linux-and-gnu.nl.po</a>' -->
+ <!--#set var="ORIGINAL_FILE" value="/gnu/linux-and-gnu.html" -->
+ <!--#set var="DIFF_FILE" value="/gnu/po/linux-and-gnu.nl-diff.html" -->
+ <!--#set var="OUTDATED_SINCE" value="2013-02-11" -->
+ <!--#include virtual="/server/outdated.nl.html" -->
<!--#include virtual="/gnu/po/linux-and-gnu.translist" -->
<h2>Linux en het GNU Systeem</h2>
@@ -302,7 +309,7 @@
<p><!-- timestamp start -->
Bijgewerkt:
-$Date: 2013/02/09 07:45:05 $
+$Date: 2013/04/12 07:05:30 $
<!-- timestamp end -->
</p>
Index: manifesto.el.html
===================================================================
RCS file: /web/www/www/gnu/manifesto.el.html,v
retrieving revision 1.18
retrieving revision 1.19
diff -u -b -r1.18 -r1.19
--- manifesto.el.html 9 Feb 2013 07:45:06 -0000 1.18
+++ manifesto.el.html 12 Apr 2013 07:05:30 -0000 1.19
@@ -7,6 +7,13 @@
<title>Το μανιÏÎÏÏο ÏοÏ
GNU - ÎÏγο GNU - ÎδÏÏ
μα
ÎλεÏθεÏοÏ
ÎογιÏÎ¼Î¹ÎºÎ¿Ï (ÎÎÎ)</title>
<!--#include virtual="/server/banner.el.html" -->
+<!--#set var="PO_FILE"
+ value='<a href="http://www.gnu.org/gnu/po/manifesto.el.po";>
+ http://www.gnu.org/gnu/po/manifesto.el.po</a>' -->
+ <!--#set var="ORIGINAL_FILE" value="/gnu/manifesto.html" -->
+ <!--#set var="DIFF_FILE" value="/gnu/po/manifesto.el-diff.html" -->
+ <!--#set var="OUTDATED_SINCE" value="2013-02-11" -->
+ <!--#include virtual="/server/outdated.el.html" -->
<!--#include virtual="/gnu/po/manifesto.translist" -->
<h2>Το μανιÏÎÏÏο ÏοÏ
GNU</h2>
@@ -786,7 +793,7 @@
<p><!-- timestamp start -->
ÎνημεÏÏθηκε:
-$Date: 2013/02/09 07:45:06 $
+$Date: 2013/04/12 07:05:30 $
<!-- timestamp end -->
</p>
Index: manifesto.nl.html
===================================================================
RCS file: /web/www/www/gnu/manifesto.nl.html,v
retrieving revision 1.13
retrieving revision 1.14
diff -u -b -r1.13 -r1.14
--- manifesto.nl.html 9 Feb 2013 07:45:07 -0000 1.13
+++ manifesto.nl.html 12 Apr 2013 07:05:30 -0000 1.14
@@ -7,6 +7,13 @@
<title>Het GNU Manifest - GNU Project - Free Software Foundation (FSF)</title>
<!--#include virtual="/server/banner.nl.html" -->
+<!--#set var="PO_FILE"
+ value='<a href="http://www.gnu.org/gnu/po/manifesto.nl.po";>
+ http://www.gnu.org/gnu/po/manifesto.nl.po</a>' -->
+ <!--#set var="ORIGINAL_FILE" value="/gnu/manifesto.html" -->
+ <!--#set var="DIFF_FILE" value="/gnu/po/manifesto.nl-diff.html" -->
+ <!--#set var="OUTDATED_SINCE" value="2013-02-11" -->
+ <!--#include virtual="/server/outdated.nl.html" -->
<!--#include virtual="/gnu/po/manifesto.translist" -->
<h2>Het GNU Manifest</h2>
@@ -718,7 +725,7 @@
<p><!-- timestamp start -->
Bijgewerkt:
-$Date: 2013/02/09 07:45:07 $
+$Date: 2013/04/12 07:05:30 $
<!-- timestamp end -->
</p>
Index: thegnuproject.cs.html
===================================================================
RCS file: /web/www/www/gnu/thegnuproject.cs.html,v
retrieving revision 1.17
retrieving revision 1.18
diff -u -b -r1.17 -r1.18
--- thegnuproject.cs.html 9 Feb 2013 07:45:10 -0000 1.17
+++ thegnuproject.cs.html 12 Apr 2013 07:05:30 -0000 1.18
@@ -10,6 +10,13 @@
<meta http-equiv="Keywords" content="GNU, GNU projekt, FSF, Free Software,
Nadace pro svobodný software, historie" />
<!--#include virtual="/server/banner.cs.html" -->
+<!--#set var="PO_FILE"
+ value='<a href="http://www.gnu.org/gnu/po/thegnuproject.cs.po";>
+ http://www.gnu.org/gnu/po/thegnuproject.cs.po</a>' -->
+ <!--#set var="ORIGINAL_FILE" value="/gnu/thegnuproject.html" -->
+ <!--#set var="DIFF_FILE" value="/gnu/po/thegnuproject.cs-diff.html" -->
+ <!--#set var="OUTDATED_SINCE" value="2013-02-11" -->
+ <!--#include virtual="/server/outdated.cs.html" -->
<!--#include virtual="/gnu/po/thegnuproject.translist" -->
<h2>Projekt GNU</h2>
@@ -993,7 +1000,7 @@
<p><!-- timestamp start -->
Aktualizováno:
-$Date: 2013/02/09 07:45:10 $
+$Date: 2013/04/12 07:05:30 $
<!-- timestamp end -->
</p>
Index: thegnuproject.nl.html
===================================================================
RCS file: /web/www/www/gnu/thegnuproject.nl.html,v
retrieving revision 1.16
retrieving revision 1.17
diff -u -b -r1.16 -r1.17
--- thegnuproject.nl.html 9 Feb 2013 07:45:11 -0000 1.16
+++ thegnuproject.nl.html 12 Apr 2013 07:05:30 -0000 1.17
@@ -10,6 +10,13 @@
<meta http-equiv="Keywords" content="GNU, GNU Project, FSF, Free Software,
Free Software Foundation, Geschiedenis" />
<!--#include virtual="/server/banner.nl.html" -->
+<!--#set var="PO_FILE"
+ value='<a href="http://www.gnu.org/gnu/po/thegnuproject.nl.po";>
+ http://www.gnu.org/gnu/po/thegnuproject.nl.po</a>' -->
+ <!--#set var="ORIGINAL_FILE" value="/gnu/thegnuproject.html" -->
+ <!--#set var="DIFF_FILE" value="/gnu/po/thegnuproject.nl-diff.html" -->
+ <!--#set var="OUTDATED_SINCE" value="2013-02-11" -->
+ <!--#include virtual="/server/outdated.nl.html" -->
<!--#include virtual="/gnu/po/thegnuproject.translist" -->
<h2>Het GNU Project</h2>
@@ -1067,7 +1074,7 @@
<p><!-- timestamp start -->
Bijgewerkt:
-$Date: 2013/02/09 07:45:11 $
+$Date: 2013/04/12 07:05:30 $
<!-- timestamp end -->
</p>
Index: po/linux-and-gnu.cs-diff.html
===================================================================
RCS file: /web/www/www/gnu/po/linux-and-gnu.cs-diff.html,v
retrieving revision 1.1
retrieving revision 1.2
diff -u -b -r1.1 -r1.2
--- po/linux-and-gnu.cs-diff.html 4 Nov 2012 17:29:04 -0000 1.1
+++ po/linux-and-gnu.cs-diff.html 12 Apr 2013 07:05:35 -0000 1.2
@@ -11,18 +11,16 @@
</style></head>
<body><pre>
<!--#include virtual="/server/header.html" -->
-
-<title>Linux and GNU - GNU Project - Free Software Foundation
(FSF)</title>
-
+<span class="inserted"><ins><em><!-- Parent-Version: 1.75
--></em></ins></span>
+<title>Linux and GNU
+- GNU Project - Free Software <span class="removed"><del><strong>Foundation
(FSF)</title></strong></del></span> <span
class="inserted"><ins><em>Foundation</title></em></ins></span>
<meta http-equiv="Keywords" content="GNU, FSF, Free Software Foundation,
Linux, Emacs, GCC, Unix, Free Software, Operating System, GNU Kernel, HURD, GNU
HURD, Hurd" />
<meta http-equiv="Description" content="Since 1983, developing the free
Unix style operating system GNU, so that computer users can have the freedom to
share and improve the software they use." />
<link rel="alternate" title="What's New"
href="http://www.gnu.org/rss/whatsnew.rss"; type="application/rss+xml" />
<link rel="alternate" title="New Free Software"
href="http://www.gnu.org/rss/quagga.rss"; type="application/rss+xml" />
-
-<!--#include virtual="/server/banner.html" -->
-<!--#include virtual="/gnu/po/linux-and-gnu.translist" -->
-
-<h2>Linux and the GNU <span
class="removed"><del><strong>Project</h2></strong></del></span> <span
class="inserted"><ins><em>System</h2></em></ins></span>
+<!--#include <span
class="removed"><del><strong>virtual="/server/banner.html"</strong></del></span>
<span
class="inserted"><ins><em>virtual="/gnu/po/linux-and-gnu.translist"</em></ins></span>
-->
+<!--#include <span
class="removed"><del><strong>virtual="/gnu/po/linux-and-gnu.translist"</strong></del></span>
<span
class="inserted"><ins><em>virtual="/server/banner.html"</em></ins></span> -->
+<h2>Linux and the GNU System</h2>
<p><strong>by <a href="http://www.stallman.org/">Richard
Stallman</a></strong></p>
@@ -173,7 +171,7 @@
Linux rather than that of GNU. But there are also
<a href="/distros/">completely free GNU/Linux distros</a>. The FSF
supports computer facilities for two of these
-distributions, <a <span
class="removed"><del><strong>href="http://ututo.org">Ututo</a></strong></del></span>
<span
class="inserted"><ins><em>href="http://proyecto.ututo.net/cmsd/">Ututo</a></em></ins></span>
+distributions, <a href="http://proyecto.ututo.net/cmsd/">Ututo</a>
and <a href="http://gnewsense.org/">gNewSense</a>.</p>
<p>Making a free GNU/Linux distribution is not just a matter of
@@ -260,51 +258,89 @@
</ol>
-<!-- All pages on the GNU web server should have the section about -->
+<span class="removed"><del><strong><!-- All pages on the GNU web server
should have the section about -->
<!-- verbatim copying. Please do NOT remove this without talking -->
<!-- with the webmasters first. -->
-<!-- Please make sure the copyright date is consistent with the document
-->
-<!-- and that it is like this "2001, 2002" not this "2001-2002." -->
+<!-- Please make sure the copyright date is consistent
with</strong></del></span>
-</div>
+<span class="inserted"><ins><em></div><!-- for id="content", starts
in</em></ins></span> the <span class="removed"><del><strong>document -->
+<!-- and that it is like this "2001, 2002" not this
"2001-2002."</strong></del></span> <span class="inserted"><ins><em>include
above</em></ins></span> -->
+<span class="removed"><del><strong></div></strong></del></span>
<!--#include virtual="/server/footer.html" -->
-
<div id="footer">
-<p>
-Please send FSF & GNU inquiries to
+<span class="removed"><del><strong><p>
+Please</strong></del></span>
+
+<span class="inserted"><ins><em><p>Please</em></ins></span> send <span
class="inserted"><ins><em>general</em></ins></span> FSF & GNU inquiries to
<a href="mailto:address@hidden"><address@hidden></a>.
There are also <a href="/contact/">other ways to contact</a>
the FSF.
-<br />
-Please send broken links and other corrections or suggestions to
-<a href="mailto:address@hidden"><address@hidden></a>.
+<span class="removed"><del><strong><br />
+Please send broken</strong></del></span> <span
class="inserted"><ins><em>Broken</em></ins></span> links and other corrections
or suggestions <span class="inserted"><ins><em>can be sent</em></ins></span>
+to <a <span
class="removed"><del><strong>href="mailto:address@hidden"><address@hidden></a>.
</p>
-<p>
-Please see the
-<a href="/server/standards/README.translations.html">Translations
-README</a> for information on coordinating and submitting
-translations of this article.
+<p></strong></del></span> <span
class="inserted"><ins><em>href="mailto:address@hidden"><address@hidden></a>.</p>
+
+<p><!-- TRANSLATORS: Ignore the original text in this paragraph,
+ replace it with the translation of these two:
+
+ We work hard and do our best to provide accurate, good quality
+ translations. However, we are not exempt from imperfection.
+ Please send your comments and general suggestions in this regard
+ to <a href="mailto:address@hidden">
+ <address@hidden></a>.</p>
+
+ <p>For information on coordinating and submitting translations of
+ our web pages, see <a
+ href="/server/standards/README.translations.html">Translations
+ README</a>. --></em></ins></span>
+Please see the <a
+href="/server/standards/README.translations.html">Translations
+README</a> for information on coordinating and submitting translations
+of this <span class="removed"><del><strong>article.
</p>
<p>
-Copyright © 1997, 1998, 1999, 2000, 2001, 2002, 2007 Richard M. Stallman
+Copyright</strong></del></span> <span
class="inserted"><ins><em>article.</p>
+
+<!-- Regarding copyright, in general, standalone pages (as opposed to
+ files generated as part of manuals) on the GNU web server should
+ be under CC BY-ND 3.0 US. Please do NOT change or remove this
+ without talking with the webmasters or licensing team first.
+ Please make sure the copyright date is consistent with the
+ document. For web pages, it is ok to list just the latest year the
+ document was modified, or published.
+
+ If you wish to list earlier years, that is ok too.
+ Either "2001, 2002, 2003" or "2001-2003" are ok for specifying
+ years, as long as each year in the range is in fact a copyrightable
+ year, i.e., a year in which the document was published (including
+ being publicly visible on the web or in a revision control system).
+
+ There is more detail about copyright years in the GNU Maintainers
+ Information document, www.gnu.org/prep/maintain. -->
+
+<p>Copyright</em></ins></span> © 1997, 1998, 1999, 2000, 2001, 2002,
+2007 Richard M. <span class="removed"><del><strong>Stallman
<br />
-This page is licensed under a <a rel="license"
+This</strong></del></span> <span class="inserted"><ins><em>Stallman</p>
+
+<p>This</em></ins></span> page is licensed under a <a rel="license"
href="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nd/3.0/us/">Creative
-Commons Attribution-NoDerivs 3.0 United States License</a>.
-</p>
+Commons Attribution-NoDerivs 3.0 United States <span
class="removed"><del><strong>License</a>.
+</p></strong></del></span> <span
class="inserted"><ins><em>License</a>.</p></em></ins></span>
+
+<!--#include virtual="/server/bottom-notes.html" -->
<p>Updated:
<!-- timestamp start -->
-$Date: 2012/11/04 17:29:04 $
+$Date: 2013/04/12 07:05:35 $
<!-- timestamp end -->
</p>
</div>
-
-
</div>
</body>
</html>
Index: po/linux-and-gnu.nl-diff.html
===================================================================
RCS file: /web/www/www/gnu/po/linux-and-gnu.nl-diff.html,v
retrieving revision 1.1
retrieving revision 1.2
diff -u -b -r1.1 -r1.2
--- po/linux-and-gnu.nl-diff.html 4 Nov 2012 17:29:04 -0000 1.1
+++ po/linux-and-gnu.nl-diff.html 12 Apr 2013 07:05:35 -0000 1.2
@@ -11,18 +11,16 @@
</style></head>
<body><pre>
<!--#include virtual="/server/header.html" -->
-
-<title>Linux and GNU - GNU Project - Free Software Foundation
(FSF)</title>
-
+<span class="inserted"><ins><em><!-- Parent-Version: 1.75
--></em></ins></span>
+<title>Linux and GNU
+- GNU Project - Free Software <span class="removed"><del><strong>Foundation
(FSF)</title></strong></del></span> <span
class="inserted"><ins><em>Foundation</title></em></ins></span>
<meta http-equiv="Keywords" content="GNU, FSF, Free Software Foundation,
Linux, Emacs, GCC, Unix, Free Software, Operating System, GNU Kernel, HURD, GNU
HURD, Hurd" />
<meta http-equiv="Description" content="Since 1983, developing the free
Unix style operating system GNU, so that computer users can have the freedom to
share and improve the software they use." />
<link rel="alternate" title="What's New"
href="http://www.gnu.org/rss/whatsnew.rss"; type="application/rss+xml" />
<link rel="alternate" title="New Free Software"
href="http://www.gnu.org/rss/quagga.rss"; type="application/rss+xml" />
-
-<!--#include virtual="/server/banner.html" -->
-<!--#include virtual="/gnu/po/linux-and-gnu.translist" -->
-
-<h2>Linux and the GNU <span
class="removed"><del><strong>Project</h2></strong></del></span> <span
class="inserted"><ins><em>System</h2></em></ins></span>
+<!--#include <span
class="removed"><del><strong>virtual="/server/banner.html"</strong></del></span>
<span
class="inserted"><ins><em>virtual="/gnu/po/linux-and-gnu.translist"</em></ins></span>
-->
+<!--#include <span
class="removed"><del><strong>virtual="/gnu/po/linux-and-gnu.translist"</strong></del></span>
<span
class="inserted"><ins><em>virtual="/server/banner.html"</em></ins></span> -->
+<h2>Linux and the GNU System</h2>
<p><strong>by <a href="http://www.stallman.org/">Richard
Stallman</a></strong></p>
@@ -173,7 +171,7 @@
Linux rather than that of GNU. But there are also
<a href="/distros/">completely free GNU/Linux distros</a>. The FSF
supports computer facilities for two of these
-distributions, <a <span
class="removed"><del><strong>href="http://ututo.org">Ututo</a></strong></del></span>
<span
class="inserted"><ins><em>href="http://proyecto.ututo.net/cmsd/">Ututo</a></em></ins></span>
+distributions, <a href="http://proyecto.ututo.net/cmsd/">Ututo</a>
and <a href="http://gnewsense.org/">gNewSense</a>.</p>
<p>Making a free GNU/Linux distribution is not just a matter of
@@ -260,51 +258,89 @@
</ol>
-<!-- All pages on the GNU web server should have the section about -->
+<span class="removed"><del><strong><!-- All pages on the GNU web server
should have the section about -->
<!-- verbatim copying. Please do NOT remove this without talking -->
<!-- with the webmasters first. -->
-<!-- Please make sure the copyright date is consistent with the document
-->
-<!-- and that it is like this "2001, 2002" not this "2001-2002." -->
+<!-- Please make sure the copyright date is consistent
with</strong></del></span>
-</div>
+<span class="inserted"><ins><em></div><!-- for id="content", starts
in</em></ins></span> the <span class="removed"><del><strong>document -->
+<!-- and that it is like this "2001, 2002" not this
"2001-2002."</strong></del></span> <span class="inserted"><ins><em>include
above</em></ins></span> -->
+<span class="removed"><del><strong></div></strong></del></span>
<!--#include virtual="/server/footer.html" -->
-
<div id="footer">
-<p>
-Please send FSF & GNU inquiries to
+<span class="removed"><del><strong><p>
+Please</strong></del></span>
+
+<span class="inserted"><ins><em><p>Please</em></ins></span> send <span
class="inserted"><ins><em>general</em></ins></span> FSF & GNU inquiries to
<a href="mailto:address@hidden"><address@hidden></a>.
There are also <a href="/contact/">other ways to contact</a>
the FSF.
-<br />
-Please send broken links and other corrections or suggestions to
-<a href="mailto:address@hidden"><address@hidden></a>.
+<span class="removed"><del><strong><br />
+Please send broken</strong></del></span> <span
class="inserted"><ins><em>Broken</em></ins></span> links and other corrections
or suggestions <span class="inserted"><ins><em>can be sent</em></ins></span>
+to <a <span
class="removed"><del><strong>href="mailto:address@hidden"><address@hidden></a>.
</p>
-<p>
-Please see the
-<a href="/server/standards/README.translations.html">Translations
-README</a> for information on coordinating and submitting
-translations of this article.
+<p></strong></del></span> <span
class="inserted"><ins><em>href="mailto:address@hidden"><address@hidden></a>.</p>
+
+<p><!-- TRANSLATORS: Ignore the original text in this paragraph,
+ replace it with the translation of these two:
+
+ We work hard and do our best to provide accurate, good quality
+ translations. However, we are not exempt from imperfection.
+ Please send your comments and general suggestions in this regard
+ to <a href="mailto:address@hidden">
+ <address@hidden></a>.</p>
+
+ <p>For information on coordinating and submitting translations of
+ our web pages, see <a
+ href="/server/standards/README.translations.html">Translations
+ README</a>. --></em></ins></span>
+Please see the <a
+href="/server/standards/README.translations.html">Translations
+README</a> for information on coordinating and submitting translations
+of this <span class="removed"><del><strong>article.
</p>
<p>
-Copyright © 1997, 1998, 1999, 2000, 2001, 2002, 2007 Richard M. Stallman
+Copyright</strong></del></span> <span
class="inserted"><ins><em>article.</p>
+
+<!-- Regarding copyright, in general, standalone pages (as opposed to
+ files generated as part of manuals) on the GNU web server should
+ be under CC BY-ND 3.0 US. Please do NOT change or remove this
+ without talking with the webmasters or licensing team first.
+ Please make sure the copyright date is consistent with the
+ document. For web pages, it is ok to list just the latest year the
+ document was modified, or published.
+
+ If you wish to list earlier years, that is ok too.
+ Either "2001, 2002, 2003" or "2001-2003" are ok for specifying
+ years, as long as each year in the range is in fact a copyrightable
+ year, i.e., a year in which the document was published (including
+ being publicly visible on the web or in a revision control system).
+
+ There is more detail about copyright years in the GNU Maintainers
+ Information document, www.gnu.org/prep/maintain. -->
+
+<p>Copyright</em></ins></span> © 1997, 1998, 1999, 2000, 2001, 2002,
+2007 Richard M. <span class="removed"><del><strong>Stallman
<br />
-This page is licensed under a <a rel="license"
+This</strong></del></span> <span class="inserted"><ins><em>Stallman</p>
+
+<p>This</em></ins></span> page is licensed under a <a rel="license"
href="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nd/3.0/us/">Creative
-Commons Attribution-NoDerivs 3.0 United States License</a>.
-</p>
+Commons Attribution-NoDerivs 3.0 United States <span
class="removed"><del><strong>License</a>.
+</p></strong></del></span> <span
class="inserted"><ins><em>License</a>.</p></em></ins></span>
+
+<!--#include virtual="/server/bottom-notes.html" -->
<p>Updated:
<!-- timestamp start -->
-$Date: 2012/11/04 17:29:04 $
+$Date: 2013/04/12 07:05:35 $
<!-- timestamp end -->
</p>
</div>
-
-
</div>
</body>
</html>
Index: po/thegnuproject.cs-diff.html
===================================================================
RCS file: /web/www/www/gnu/po/thegnuproject.cs-diff.html,v
retrieving revision 1.1
retrieving revision 1.2
diff -u -b -r1.1 -r1.2
--- po/thegnuproject.cs-diff.html 19 Sep 2012 00:28:09 -0000 1.1
+++ po/thegnuproject.cs-diff.html 12 Apr 2013 07:05:36 -0000 1.2
@@ -11,36 +11,34 @@
</style></head>
<body><pre>
<!--#include virtual="/server/header.html" -->
-
-<title>About the GNU Project - GNU Project - Free Software Foundation
(FSF)</title>
-
+<span class="inserted"><ins><em><!-- Parent-Version: 1.75
--></em></ins></span>
+<title>About the GNU Project
+- GNU Project - Free Software <span class="removed"><del><strong>Foundation
(FSF)</title></strong></del></span> <span
class="inserted"><ins><em>Foundation</title></em></ins></span>
<meta http-equiv="Keywords" content="GNU, GNU Project, FSF, Free Software,
Free Software Foundation, History" />
-
-<!--#include virtual="/server/banner.html" -->
-<!--#include virtual="/gnu/po/thegnuproject.translist" -->
-
+<!--#include <span
class="removed"><del><strong>virtual="/server/banner.html"</strong></del></span>
<span
class="inserted"><ins><em>virtual="/gnu/po/thegnuproject.translist"</em></ins></span>
-->
+<!--#include <span
class="removed"><del><strong>virtual="/gnu/po/thegnuproject.translist"</strong></del></span>
<span
class="inserted"><ins><em>virtual="/server/banner.html"</em></ins></span> -->
<h2>The GNU Project</h2>
-<!-- This document uses XHTML 1.0 Strict, but may be served as -->
+<span class="removed"><del><strong><!-- This document uses XHTML 1.0
Strict, but may be served as -->
<!-- text/html. Please ensure that markup style considers -->
<!-- appendex C of the XHTML 1.0 standard. See validator.w3.org. -->
<!-- Please ensure links are consistent with Apache's MultiView. -->
<!-- Change include statements to be consistent with the relevant -->
-<!-- language, where necessary. -->
+<!-- language, where necessary. --></strong></del></span>
<p>
by <a href="http://www.stallman.org/"><strong>Richard
Stallman</strong></a></p>
-<span class="inserted"><ins><em><blockquote></em></ins></span>
+
+<blockquote>
<p>
-<span class="removed"><del><strong>the original version
was</strong></del></span>
-<span class="inserted"><ins><em>Originally</em></ins></span> published in the
book <span class="removed"><del><strong>“Open
Sources”</p></strong></del></span> <span
class="inserted"><ins><em><em>Open Sources</em>. Richard
+Originally published in the book <em>Open Sources</em>. Richard
Stallman was <a href="/philosophy/open-source-misses-the-point.html">
never a supporter of “open source”</a>, but contributed
this article so that the ideas of the free software movement would not
be entirely absent from that book.
</p>
-</blockquote></em></ins></span>
+</blockquote>
<h3>The first software-sharing community</h3>
<p>
@@ -150,7 +148,7 @@
<a href="/philosophy/why-free.html">
http://www.gnu.org/philosophy/why-free.html</a>.</p>
-<h3>A stark moral <span
class="removed"><del><strong>choice.</h3></strong></del></span> <span
class="inserted"><ins><em>choice</h3></em></ins></span>
+<h3>A stark moral choice</h3>
<p>
With my community gone, to continue as before was impossible.
Instead, I faced a stark moral choice.</p>
@@ -268,7 +266,7 @@
later, I decided to use the X Window System rather than writing
another window system for GNU.</p>
<p>
-Because of <span class="removed"><del><strong>this
decision,</strong></del></span> <span class="inserted"><ins><em>these
decisions, and others like them,</em></ins></span>
+Because of these decisions, and others like them,
the GNU system is not the same as the collection of all
GNU software. The GNU system includes programs that are not GNU
software, programs that were developed by other people and projects
@@ -1008,52 +1006,90 @@
defend it.</p>
-<!-- If needed, change the copyright block at the bottom. In general, -->
+<span class="removed"><del><strong><!-- If needed, change the copyright
block at the bottom. In general, -->
<!-- all pages on the GNU web server should have the section about -->
<!-- verbatim copying. Please do NOT remove this without talking -->
<!-- with the webmasters first. -->
-<!-- Please make sure the copyright date is consistent with the document
-->
-<!-- and that it is like this "2001, 2002" not this "2001-2002." -->
+<!-- Please make sure the copyright date is consistent
with</strong></del></span>
-</div>
+<span class="inserted"><ins><em></div><!-- for id="content", starts
in</em></ins></span> the <span class="removed"><del><strong>document -->
+<!-- and that it is like this "2001, 2002" not this
"2001-2002."</strong></del></span> <span class="inserted"><ins><em>include
above</em></ins></span> -->
+<span class="removed"><del><strong></div></strong></del></span>
<!--#include virtual="/server/footer.html" -->
-
<div id="footer">
-<p>
-Please send FSF & GNU inquiries to
-<a href="mailto:address@hidden"><address@hidden></a>. There
are
-also <a href="/contact/">other ways to contact</a> the FSF.
-<br />
-Please send broken links and other corrections or suggestions to
-<a href="mailto:address@hidden"><address@hidden></a>.
+<span class="removed"><del><strong><p>
+Please</strong></del></span>
+
+<span class="inserted"><ins><em><p>Please</em></ins></span> send <span
class="inserted"><ins><em>general</em></ins></span> FSF & GNU inquiries to
+<a href="mailto:address@hidden"><address@hidden></a>.
+There are also <a href="/contact/">other ways to contact</a>
+the FSF.
+<span class="removed"><del><strong><br />
+Please send broken</strong></del></span> <span
class="inserted"><ins><em>Broken</em></ins></span> links and other corrections
or suggestions <span class="inserted"><ins><em>can be sent</em></ins></span>
+to <a <span
class="removed"><del><strong>href="mailto:address@hidden"><address@hidden></a>.
</p>
-<p>
-Please see the
-<a href="/server/standards/README.translations.html">Translations
-README</a> for information on coordinating and submitting
-translations of this article.
+<p></strong></del></span> <span
class="inserted"><ins><em>href="mailto:address@hidden"><address@hidden></a>.</p>
+
+<p><!-- TRANSLATORS: Ignore the original text in this paragraph,
+ replace it with the translation of these two:
+
+ We work hard and do our best to provide accurate, good quality
+ translations. However, we are not exempt from imperfection.
+ Please send your comments and general suggestions in this regard
+ to <a href="mailto:address@hidden">
+ <address@hidden></a>.</p>
+
+ <p>For information on coordinating and submitting translations of
+ our web pages, see <a
+ href="/server/standards/README.translations.html">Translations
+ README</a>. --></em></ins></span>
+Please see the <a
+href="/server/standards/README.translations.html">Translations
+README</a> for information on coordinating and submitting translations
+of this <span class="removed"><del><strong>article.
</p>
<p>
-Copyright © 1998, 2001, 2002, 2005, 2006, 2007, 2008, 2010 Richard
Stallman
+Copyright</strong></del></span> <span
class="inserted"><ins><em>article.</p>
+
+<!-- Regarding copyright, in general, standalone pages (as opposed to
+ files generated as part of manuals) on the GNU web server should
+ be under CC BY-ND 3.0 US. Please do NOT change or remove this
+ without talking with the webmasters or licensing team first.
+ Please make sure the copyright date is consistent with the
+ document. For web pages, it is ok to list just the latest year the
+ document was modified, or published.
+
+ If you wish to list earlier years, that is ok too.
+ Either "2001, 2002, 2003" or "2001-2003" are ok for specifying
+ years, as long as each year in the range is in fact a copyrightable
+ year, i.e., a year in which the document was published (including
+ being publicly visible on the web or in a revision control system).
+
+ There is more detail about copyright years in the GNU Maintainers
+ Information document, www.gnu.org/prep/maintain. -->
+
+<p>Copyright</em></ins></span> © 1998, 2001, 2002, 2005, 2006,
2007, 2008, 2010
+Richard <span class="removed"><del><strong>Stallman
<br />
-This page is licensed under a <a rel="license"
+This</strong></del></span> <span class="inserted"><ins><em>Stallman</p>
+
+<p>This</em></ins></span> page is licensed under a <a rel="license"
href="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nd/3.0/us/">Creative
-Commons Attribution-NoDerivs 3.0 United States License</a>.
-</p>
+Commons Attribution-NoDerivs 3.0 United States <span
class="removed"><del><strong>License</a>.
+</p></strong></del></span> <span
class="inserted"><ins><em>License</a>.</p></em></ins></span>
-<p>
-Updated:
+<!--#include virtual="/server/bottom-notes.html" -->
+
+<p>Updated:
<!-- timestamp start -->
-$Date: 2012/09/19 00:28:09 $
+$Date: 2013/04/12 07:05:36 $
<!-- timestamp end -->
</p>
</div>
-
-
</div>
</body>
</html>
Index: po/thegnuproject.nl-diff.html
===================================================================
RCS file: /web/www/www/gnu/po/thegnuproject.nl-diff.html,v
retrieving revision 1.1
retrieving revision 1.2
diff -u -b -r1.1 -r1.2
--- po/thegnuproject.nl-diff.html 19 Sep 2012 00:28:09 -0000 1.1
+++ po/thegnuproject.nl-diff.html 12 Apr 2013 07:05:36 -0000 1.2
@@ -11,36 +11,34 @@
</style></head>
<body><pre>
<!--#include virtual="/server/header.html" -->
-
-<title>About the GNU Project - GNU Project - Free Software Foundation
(FSF)</title>
-
+<span class="inserted"><ins><em><!-- Parent-Version: 1.75
--></em></ins></span>
+<title>About the GNU Project
+- GNU Project - Free Software <span class="removed"><del><strong>Foundation
(FSF)</title></strong></del></span> <span
class="inserted"><ins><em>Foundation</title></em></ins></span>
<meta http-equiv="Keywords" content="GNU, GNU Project, FSF, Free Software,
Free Software Foundation, History" />
-
-<!--#include virtual="/server/banner.html" -->
-<!--#include virtual="/gnu/po/thegnuproject.translist" -->
-
+<!--#include <span
class="removed"><del><strong>virtual="/server/banner.html"</strong></del></span>
<span
class="inserted"><ins><em>virtual="/gnu/po/thegnuproject.translist"</em></ins></span>
-->
+<!--#include <span
class="removed"><del><strong>virtual="/gnu/po/thegnuproject.translist"</strong></del></span>
<span
class="inserted"><ins><em>virtual="/server/banner.html"</em></ins></span> -->
<h2>The GNU Project</h2>
-<!-- This document uses XHTML 1.0 Strict, but may be served as -->
+<span class="removed"><del><strong><!-- This document uses XHTML 1.0
Strict, but may be served as -->
<!-- text/html. Please ensure that markup style considers -->
<!-- appendex C of the XHTML 1.0 standard. See validator.w3.org. -->
<!-- Please ensure links are consistent with Apache's MultiView. -->
<!-- Change include statements to be consistent with the relevant -->
-<!-- language, where necessary. -->
+<!-- language, where necessary. --></strong></del></span>
<p>
by <a href="http://www.stallman.org/"><strong>Richard
Stallman</strong></a></p>
-<span class="inserted"><ins><em><blockquote></em></ins></span>
+
+<blockquote>
<p>
-<span class="removed"><del><strong>the original version
was</strong></del></span>
-<span class="inserted"><ins><em>Originally</em></ins></span> published in the
book <span class="removed"><del><strong>“Open
Sources”</p></strong></del></span> <span
class="inserted"><ins><em><em>Open Sources</em>. Richard
+Originally published in the book <em>Open Sources</em>. Richard
Stallman was <a href="/philosophy/open-source-misses-the-point.html">
never a supporter of “open source”</a>, but contributed
this article so that the ideas of the free software movement would not
be entirely absent from that book.
</p>
-</blockquote></em></ins></span>
+</blockquote>
<h3>The first software-sharing community</h3>
<p>
@@ -150,7 +148,7 @@
<a href="/philosophy/why-free.html">
http://www.gnu.org/philosophy/why-free.html</a>.</p>
-<h3>A stark moral <span
class="removed"><del><strong>choice.</h3></strong></del></span> <span
class="inserted"><ins><em>choice</h3></em></ins></span>
+<h3>A stark moral choice</h3>
<p>
With my community gone, to continue as before was impossible.
Instead, I faced a stark moral choice.</p>
@@ -268,7 +266,7 @@
later, I decided to use the X Window System rather than writing
another window system for GNU.</p>
<p>
-Because of <span class="removed"><del><strong>this
decision,</strong></del></span> <span class="inserted"><ins><em>these
decisions, and others like them,</em></ins></span>
+Because of these decisions, and others like them,
the GNU system is not the same as the collection of all
GNU software. The GNU system includes programs that are not GNU
software, programs that were developed by other people and projects
@@ -1008,52 +1006,90 @@
defend it.</p>
-<!-- If needed, change the copyright block at the bottom. In general, -->
+<span class="removed"><del><strong><!-- If needed, change the copyright
block at the bottom. In general, -->
<!-- all pages on the GNU web server should have the section about -->
<!-- verbatim copying. Please do NOT remove this without talking -->
<!-- with the webmasters first. -->
-<!-- Please make sure the copyright date is consistent with the document
-->
-<!-- and that it is like this "2001, 2002" not this "2001-2002." -->
+<!-- Please make sure the copyright date is consistent
with</strong></del></span>
-</div>
+<span class="inserted"><ins><em></div><!-- for id="content", starts
in</em></ins></span> the <span class="removed"><del><strong>document -->
+<!-- and that it is like this "2001, 2002" not this
"2001-2002."</strong></del></span> <span class="inserted"><ins><em>include
above</em></ins></span> -->
+<span class="removed"><del><strong></div></strong></del></span>
<!--#include virtual="/server/footer.html" -->
-
<div id="footer">
-<p>
-Please send FSF & GNU inquiries to
-<a href="mailto:address@hidden"><address@hidden></a>. There
are
-also <a href="/contact/">other ways to contact</a> the FSF.
-<br />
-Please send broken links and other corrections or suggestions to
-<a href="mailto:address@hidden"><address@hidden></a>.
+<span class="removed"><del><strong><p>
+Please</strong></del></span>
+
+<span class="inserted"><ins><em><p>Please</em></ins></span> send <span
class="inserted"><ins><em>general</em></ins></span> FSF & GNU inquiries to
+<a href="mailto:address@hidden"><address@hidden></a>.
+There are also <a href="/contact/">other ways to contact</a>
+the FSF.
+<span class="removed"><del><strong><br />
+Please send broken</strong></del></span> <span
class="inserted"><ins><em>Broken</em></ins></span> links and other corrections
or suggestions <span class="inserted"><ins><em>can be sent</em></ins></span>
+to <a <span
class="removed"><del><strong>href="mailto:address@hidden"><address@hidden></a>.
</p>
-<p>
-Please see the
-<a href="/server/standards/README.translations.html">Translations
-README</a> for information on coordinating and submitting
-translations of this article.
+<p></strong></del></span> <span
class="inserted"><ins><em>href="mailto:address@hidden"><address@hidden></a>.</p>
+
+<p><!-- TRANSLATORS: Ignore the original text in this paragraph,
+ replace it with the translation of these two:
+
+ We work hard and do our best to provide accurate, good quality
+ translations. However, we are not exempt from imperfection.
+ Please send your comments and general suggestions in this regard
+ to <a href="mailto:address@hidden">
+ <address@hidden></a>.</p>
+
+ <p>For information on coordinating and submitting translations of
+ our web pages, see <a
+ href="/server/standards/README.translations.html">Translations
+ README</a>. --></em></ins></span>
+Please see the <a
+href="/server/standards/README.translations.html">Translations
+README</a> for information on coordinating and submitting translations
+of this <span class="removed"><del><strong>article.
</p>
<p>
-Copyright © 1998, 2001, 2002, 2005, 2006, 2007, 2008, 2010 Richard
Stallman
+Copyright</strong></del></span> <span
class="inserted"><ins><em>article.</p>
+
+<!-- Regarding copyright, in general, standalone pages (as opposed to
+ files generated as part of manuals) on the GNU web server should
+ be under CC BY-ND 3.0 US. Please do NOT change or remove this
+ without talking with the webmasters or licensing team first.
+ Please make sure the copyright date is consistent with the
+ document. For web pages, it is ok to list just the latest year the
+ document was modified, or published.
+
+ If you wish to list earlier years, that is ok too.
+ Either "2001, 2002, 2003" or "2001-2003" are ok for specifying
+ years, as long as each year in the range is in fact a copyrightable
+ year, i.e., a year in which the document was published (including
+ being publicly visible on the web or in a revision control system).
+
+ There is more detail about copyright years in the GNU Maintainers
+ Information document, www.gnu.org/prep/maintain. -->
+
+<p>Copyright</em></ins></span> © 1998, 2001, 2002, 2005, 2006,
2007, 2008, 2010
+Richard <span class="removed"><del><strong>Stallman
<br />
-This page is licensed under a <a rel="license"
+This</strong></del></span> <span class="inserted"><ins><em>Stallman</p>
+
+<p>This</em></ins></span> page is licensed under a <a rel="license"
href="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nd/3.0/us/">Creative
-Commons Attribution-NoDerivs 3.0 United States License</a>.
-</p>
+Commons Attribution-NoDerivs 3.0 United States <span
class="removed"><del><strong>License</a>.
+</p></strong></del></span> <span
class="inserted"><ins><em>License</a>.</p></em></ins></span>
-<p>
-Updated:
+<!--#include virtual="/server/bottom-notes.html" -->
+
+<p>Updated:
<!-- timestamp start -->
-$Date: 2012/09/19 00:28:09 $
+$Date: 2013/04/12 07:05:36 $
<!-- timestamp end -->
</p>
</div>
-
-
</div>
</body>
</html>
Index: po/gnu-history.cs-diff.html
===================================================================
RCS file: po/gnu-history.cs-diff.html
diff -N po/gnu-history.cs-diff.html
--- /dev/null 1 Jan 1970 00:00:00 -0000
+++ po/gnu-history.cs-diff.html 12 Apr 2013 07:05:31 -0000 1.1
@@ -0,0 +1,208 @@
+<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Strict//EN"
+ "http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-strict.dtd";>
+<!-- Generated by GNUN -->
+<html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"; xml:lang="en" lang="en">
+<head>
+<meta http-equiv="content-type" content="text/html; charset=utf-8" />
+<title>/gnu/gnu-history.html-diff</title>
+<style type="text/css">
+span.removed { background-color: #f22; color: #000; }
+span.inserted { background-color: #2f2; color: #000; }
+</style></head>
+<body><pre>
+<!--#include virtual="/server/header.html" -->
+<span class="inserted"><ins><em><!-- Parent-Version: 1.75
--></em></ins></span>
+<title>Overview of the GNU System
+- GNU Project - Free Software <span class="removed"><del><strong>Foundation
(FSF)</title></strong></del></span> <span
class="inserted"><ins><em>Foundation</title></em></ins></span>
+<meta name="Keywords" content="GNU, GNU Project, FSF, Free Software, Free
Software Foundation, History" />
+<!--#include <span
class="removed"><del><strong>virtual="/server/banner.html"</strong></del></span>
<span
class="inserted"><ins><em>virtual="/gnu/po/gnu-history.translist"</em></ins></span>
-->
+<!--#include <span
class="removed"><del><strong>virtual="/gnu/po/gnu-history.translist"</strong></del></span>
<span
class="inserted"><ins><em>virtual="/server/banner.html"</em></ins></span> -->
+<h2>Overview of the GNU System</h2>
+
+<p>
+The GNU operating system is a complete free software system,
+upward-compatible with Unix. GNU stands for “GNU's Not Unix”.
+<a href="http://www.stallman.org/">Richard Stallman</a> made the
+<a href="/gnu/initial-announcement.html">Initial Announcement</a>
of
+the GNU Project in September 1983. A longer version called
+the <a href="/gnu/manifesto.html">GNU Manifesto</a> was published
in
+March 1985. It has been translated into several
+<a href="/gnu/manifesto.html#translations">other
languages</a>.</p>
+
+<p>
+The name “GNU” was chosen because it met a few
+requirements; first, it was a recursive acronym for “GNU's Not
+Unix”, second, because it was a real word, and third, it was fun
+to say (or
+<a
href="http://www.poppyfields.net/poppy/songs/gnu.html">Sing</a>).</p>
+
+<p>
+The word “free” in “free software” pertains to
+<a href="/philosophy/free-sw.html">freedom</a>, not price. You
may or
+may not pay a price to get GNU software. Either way, once you have
+the software you have four specific freedoms in using it. The freedom
+to run the program as you wish; the freedom to copy the program and
+give it away to your friends and co-workers; the freedom to change the
+program as you wish, by having full access to source code; the freedom
+to distribute an improved version and thus help build the community.
+(If you redistribute GNU software, you may charge a fee for the
+physical act of transferring a copy, or you may give away copies.)</p>
+
+<p>
+The project to develop the GNU system is called the “GNU
+Project”. The GNU Project was conceived in 1983 as a way of
+bringing back the cooperative spirit that prevailed in the computing
+community in earlier days—to make cooperation possible once again by
+removing the obstacles to cooperation imposed by the owners of
+proprietary software.</p>
+
+<p>
+In 1971, when Richard Stallman started his career at MIT, he worked in
+a group which used <a href="/philosophy/free-sw.html">free
+software</a> exclusively. Even computer companies often distributed
+free software. Programmers were free to cooperate with each other,
+and often did.</p>
+
+<p>
+By the 1980s, almost all software was
+<a
href="/philosophy/categories.html#ProprietarySoftware">proprietary</a>,
+which means that it had owners who forbid and
+prevent cooperation by users. This made the GNU Project necessary.</p>
+
+<p>
+Every computer user needs an operating system; if there is no free
+operating system, then you can't even get started using a computer
+without resorting to proprietary software. So the first item on the
+free software agenda obviously had to be a free operating system.</p>
+
+<p>
+We decided to make the operating system compatible with Unix because
+the overall design was already proven and portable, and because
+compatibility makes it easy for Unix users to switch from Unix to
GNU.</p>
+
+<p>
+A Unix-like operating system includes a kernel, compilers, editors,
+text formatters, mail software, graphical interfaces, libraries, games
+and many other things. Thus, writing a whole operating system is a
+very large job. We started in January 1984.
+The <a href="http://fsf.org/"> Free Software Foundation</a> was
+founded in October 1985, initially to raise funds to help develop
+GNU.</p>
+
+<p>By 1990 we had either found or written all the major components
+except one—the kernel. Then Linux, a Unix-like kernel, was
+developed by Linus Torvalds in 1991 and made free software in 1992.
+Combining Linux with the almost-complete GNU system resulted in a
+complete operating system: the GNU/Linux system. Estimates are that
+tens of millions of people now use GNU/Linux systems, typically
+via <a href="/distros">GNU/Linux distributions</a>. The principal
+version of Linux now contains non-free firmware “blobs”;
+free software activists now maintain a modified free version of Linux,
+called <a href="http://directory.fsf.org/project/linux">
+Linux-libre</a>.</p>
+
+<p>
+However, the GNU Project is not limited to the core operating system.
+We aim to provide a whole spectrum of software, whatever many users
+want to have. This includes application software. See
+the <a href="/directory">Free Software Directory</a> for a
catalogue
+of free software application programs.</p>
+
+<p>
+We also want to provide software for users who are not computer
+experts. Therefore we developed a
+<a href="http://www.gnome.org/">graphical desktop (called
GNOME)</a> to help
+beginners use the GNU system.</p>
+
+<p>We also want to provide games and other recreations. Plenty of <a
+href="http://directory.fsf.org/wiki/Category/Game">free games</a> are
+already available.</p>
+
+<p>
+How far can free software go? There are no limits, except
+when <a href="/philosophy/fighting-software-patents.html">laws such as
+the patent system prohibit free software</a>. The ultimate goal is to
+provide free software to do all of the jobs computer users want to
+do—and thus make proprietary software a thing of the past.</p>
+
+<span class="removed"><del><strong></div></strong></del></span>
+
+
+<span class="inserted"><ins><em></div><!-- for id="content", starts
in the include above --></em></ins></span>
+<!--#include virtual="/server/footer.html" -->
+<div id="footer">
+
+<span class="removed"><del><strong><p>
+Please</strong></del></span>
+
+<span class="inserted"><ins><em><p>Please</em></ins></span> send <span
class="inserted"><ins><em>general</em></ins></span> FSF & GNU inquiries to
+<a href="mailto:address@hidden"><address@hidden></a>.
+There are also <a href="/contact/">other ways to contact</a>
+the FSF.
+<span class="removed"><del><strong><br />
+Please send broken</strong></del></span> <span
class="inserted"><ins><em>Broken</em></ins></span> links and other corrections
or suggestions <span class="inserted"><ins><em>can be sent</em></ins></span>
+to <a <span
class="removed"><del><strong>href="mailto:address@hidden"><address@hidden></a>.
+</p>
+
+<p></strong></del></span> <span
class="inserted"><ins><em>href="mailto:address@hidden"><address@hidden></a>.</p>
+
+<p><!-- TRANSLATORS: Ignore the original text in this paragraph,
+ replace it with the translation of these two:
+
+ We work hard and do our best to provide accurate, good quality
+ translations. However, we are not exempt from imperfection.
+ Please send your comments and general suggestions in this regard
+ to <a href="mailto:address@hidden">
+ <address@hidden></a>.</p>
+
+ <p>For information on coordinating and submitting translations of
+ our web pages, see <a
+ href="/server/standards/README.translations.html">Translations
+ README</a>. --></em></ins></span>
+Please see the <a
+href="/server/standards/README.translations.html">Translations
+README</a> for information on coordinating and submitting translations
+of this <span class="removed"><del><strong>article.
+</p>
+
+<p>
+Copyright</strong></del></span> <span
class="inserted"><ins><em>article.</p>
+
+<!-- Regarding copyright, in general, standalone pages (as opposed to
+ files generated as part of manuals) on the GNU web server should
+ be under CC BY-ND 3.0 US. Please do NOT change or remove this
+ without talking with the webmasters or licensing team first.
+ Please make sure the copyright date is consistent with the
+ document. For web pages, it is ok to list just the latest year the
+ document was modified, or published.
+
+ If you wish to list earlier years, that is ok too.
+ Either "2001, 2002, 2003" or "2001-2003" are ok for specifying
+ years, as long as each year in the range is in fact a copyrightable
+ year, i.e., a year in which the document was published (including
+ being publicly visible on the web or in a revision control system).
+
+ There is more detail about copyright years in the GNU Maintainers
+ Information document, www.gnu.org/prep/maintain. -->
+
+<p>Copyright</em></ins></span> © 1996, 1997, 1998, 1999, 2001,
2002, 2003, 2005, 2007,
+2009, 2012 Free Software Foundation, <span class="removed"><del><strong>Inc.
+</p></strong></del></span> <span
class="inserted"><ins><em>Inc.</p></em></ins></span>
+
+<p>This page is licensed under a <a rel="license"
+href="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nd/3.0/us/">Creative
+Commons Attribution-NoDerivs 3.0 United States <span
class="removed"><del><strong>License</a>.
+</p></strong></del></span> <span
class="inserted"><ins><em>License</a>.</p></em></ins></span>
+
+<!--#include virtual="/server/bottom-notes.html" -->
+
+<p>Updated:
+<!-- timestamp start -->
+$Date: 2013/04/12 07:05:31 $
+<!-- timestamp end -->
+</p>
+</div>
+</div>
+</body>
+</html>
+</pre></body></html>
Index: po/gnu-history.nl-diff.html
===================================================================
RCS file: po/gnu-history.nl-diff.html
diff -N po/gnu-history.nl-diff.html
--- /dev/null 1 Jan 1970 00:00:00 -0000
+++ po/gnu-history.nl-diff.html 12 Apr 2013 07:05:33 -0000 1.1
@@ -0,0 +1,208 @@
+<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Strict//EN"
+ "http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-strict.dtd";>
+<!-- Generated by GNUN -->
+<html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"; xml:lang="en" lang="en">
+<head>
+<meta http-equiv="content-type" content="text/html; charset=utf-8" />
+<title>/gnu/gnu-history.html-diff</title>
+<style type="text/css">
+span.removed { background-color: #f22; color: #000; }
+span.inserted { background-color: #2f2; color: #000; }
+</style></head>
+<body><pre>
+<!--#include virtual="/server/header.html" -->
+<span class="inserted"><ins><em><!-- Parent-Version: 1.75
--></em></ins></span>
+<title>Overview of the GNU System
+- GNU Project - Free Software <span class="removed"><del><strong>Foundation
(FSF)</title></strong></del></span> <span
class="inserted"><ins><em>Foundation</title></em></ins></span>
+<meta name="Keywords" content="GNU, GNU Project, FSF, Free Software, Free
Software Foundation, History" />
+<!--#include <span
class="removed"><del><strong>virtual="/server/banner.html"</strong></del></span>
<span
class="inserted"><ins><em>virtual="/gnu/po/gnu-history.translist"</em></ins></span>
-->
+<!--#include <span
class="removed"><del><strong>virtual="/gnu/po/gnu-history.translist"</strong></del></span>
<span
class="inserted"><ins><em>virtual="/server/banner.html"</em></ins></span> -->
+<h2>Overview of the GNU System</h2>
+
+<p>
+The GNU operating system is a complete free software system,
+upward-compatible with Unix. GNU stands for “GNU's Not Unix”.
+<a href="http://www.stallman.org/">Richard Stallman</a> made the
+<a href="/gnu/initial-announcement.html">Initial Announcement</a>
of
+the GNU Project in September 1983. A longer version called
+the <a href="/gnu/manifesto.html">GNU Manifesto</a> was published
in
+March 1985. It has been translated into several
+<a href="/gnu/manifesto.html#translations">other
languages</a>.</p>
+
+<p>
+The name “GNU” was chosen because it met a few
+requirements; first, it was a recursive acronym for “GNU's Not
+Unix”, second, because it was a real word, and third, it was fun
+to say (or
+<a
href="http://www.poppyfields.net/poppy/songs/gnu.html">Sing</a>).</p>
+
+<p>
+The word “free” in “free software” pertains to
+<a href="/philosophy/free-sw.html">freedom</a>, not price. You
may or
+may not pay a price to get GNU software. Either way, once you have
+the software you have four specific freedoms in using it. The freedom
+to run the program as you wish; the freedom to copy the program and
+give it away to your friends and co-workers; the freedom to change the
+program as you wish, by having full access to source code; the freedom
+to distribute an improved version and thus help build the community.
+(If you redistribute GNU software, you may charge a fee for the
+physical act of transferring a copy, or you may give away copies.)</p>
+
+<p>
+The project to develop the GNU system is called the “GNU
+Project”. The GNU Project was conceived in 1983 as a way of
+bringing back the cooperative spirit that prevailed in the computing
+community in earlier days—to make cooperation possible once again by
+removing the obstacles to cooperation imposed by the owners of
+proprietary software.</p>
+
+<p>
+In 1971, when Richard Stallman started his career at MIT, he worked in
+a group which used <a href="/philosophy/free-sw.html">free
+software</a> exclusively. Even computer companies often distributed
+free software. Programmers were free to cooperate with each other,
+and often did.</p>
+
+<p>
+By the 1980s, almost all software was
+<a
href="/philosophy/categories.html#ProprietarySoftware">proprietary</a>,
+which means that it had owners who forbid and
+prevent cooperation by users. This made the GNU Project necessary.</p>
+
+<p>
+Every computer user needs an operating system; if there is no free
+operating system, then you can't even get started using a computer
+without resorting to proprietary software. So the first item on the
+free software agenda obviously had to be a free operating system.</p>
+
+<p>
+We decided to make the operating system compatible with Unix because
+the overall design was already proven and portable, and because
+compatibility makes it easy for Unix users to switch from Unix to
GNU.</p>
+
+<p>
+A Unix-like operating system includes a kernel, compilers, editors,
+text formatters, mail software, graphical interfaces, libraries, games
+and many other things. Thus, writing a whole operating system is a
+very large job. We started in January 1984.
+The <a href="http://fsf.org/"> Free Software Foundation</a> was
+founded in October 1985, initially to raise funds to help develop
+GNU.</p>
+
+<p>By 1990 we had either found or written all the major components
+except one—the kernel. Then Linux, a Unix-like kernel, was
+developed by Linus Torvalds in 1991 and made free software in 1992.
+Combining Linux with the almost-complete GNU system resulted in a
+complete operating system: the GNU/Linux system. Estimates are that
+tens of millions of people now use GNU/Linux systems, typically
+via <a href="/distros">GNU/Linux distributions</a>. The principal
+version of Linux now contains non-free firmware “blobs”;
+free software activists now maintain a modified free version of Linux,
+called <a href="http://directory.fsf.org/project/linux">
+Linux-libre</a>.</p>
+
+<p>
+However, the GNU Project is not limited to the core operating system.
+We aim to provide a whole spectrum of software, whatever many users
+want to have. This includes application software. See
+the <a href="/directory">Free Software Directory</a> for a
catalogue
+of free software application programs.</p>
+
+<p>
+We also want to provide software for users who are not computer
+experts. Therefore we developed a
+<a href="http://www.gnome.org/">graphical desktop (called
GNOME)</a> to help
+beginners use the GNU system.</p>
+
+<p>We also want to provide games and other recreations. Plenty of <a
+href="http://directory.fsf.org/wiki/Category/Game">free games</a> are
+already available.</p>
+
+<p>
+How far can free software go? There are no limits, except
+when <a href="/philosophy/fighting-software-patents.html">laws such as
+the patent system prohibit free software</a>. The ultimate goal is to
+provide free software to do all of the jobs computer users want to
+do—and thus make proprietary software a thing of the past.</p>
+
+<span class="removed"><del><strong></div></strong></del></span>
+
+
+<span class="inserted"><ins><em></div><!-- for id="content", starts
in the include above --></em></ins></span>
+<!--#include virtual="/server/footer.html" -->
+<div id="footer">
+
+<span class="removed"><del><strong><p>
+Please</strong></del></span>
+
+<span class="inserted"><ins><em><p>Please</em></ins></span> send <span
class="inserted"><ins><em>general</em></ins></span> FSF & GNU inquiries to
+<a href="mailto:address@hidden"><address@hidden></a>.
+There are also <a href="/contact/">other ways to contact</a>
+the FSF.
+<span class="removed"><del><strong><br />
+Please send broken</strong></del></span> <span
class="inserted"><ins><em>Broken</em></ins></span> links and other corrections
or suggestions <span class="inserted"><ins><em>can be sent</em></ins></span>
+to <a <span
class="removed"><del><strong>href="mailto:address@hidden"><address@hidden></a>.
+</p>
+
+<p></strong></del></span> <span
class="inserted"><ins><em>href="mailto:address@hidden"><address@hidden></a>.</p>
+
+<p><!-- TRANSLATORS: Ignore the original text in this paragraph,
+ replace it with the translation of these two:
+
+ We work hard and do our best to provide accurate, good quality
+ translations. However, we are not exempt from imperfection.
+ Please send your comments and general suggestions in this regard
+ to <a href="mailto:address@hidden">
+ <address@hidden></a>.</p>
+
+ <p>For information on coordinating and submitting translations of
+ our web pages, see <a
+ href="/server/standards/README.translations.html">Translations
+ README</a>. --></em></ins></span>
+Please see the <a
+href="/server/standards/README.translations.html">Translations
+README</a> for information on coordinating and submitting translations
+of this <span class="removed"><del><strong>article.
+</p>
+
+<p>
+Copyright</strong></del></span> <span
class="inserted"><ins><em>article.</p>
+
+<!-- Regarding copyright, in general, standalone pages (as opposed to
+ files generated as part of manuals) on the GNU web server should
+ be under CC BY-ND 3.0 US. Please do NOT change or remove this
+ without talking with the webmasters or licensing team first.
+ Please make sure the copyright date is consistent with the
+ document. For web pages, it is ok to list just the latest year the
+ document was modified, or published.
+
+ If you wish to list earlier years, that is ok too.
+ Either "2001, 2002, 2003" or "2001-2003" are ok for specifying
+ years, as long as each year in the range is in fact a copyrightable
+ year, i.e., a year in which the document was published (including
+ being publicly visible on the web or in a revision control system).
+
+ There is more detail about copyright years in the GNU Maintainers
+ Information document, www.gnu.org/prep/maintain. -->
+
+<p>Copyright</em></ins></span> © 1996, 1997, 1998, 1999, 2001,
2002, 2003, 2005, 2007,
+2009, 2012 Free Software Foundation, <span class="removed"><del><strong>Inc.
+</p></strong></del></span> <span
class="inserted"><ins><em>Inc.</p></em></ins></span>
+
+<p>This page is licensed under a <a rel="license"
+href="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nd/3.0/us/">Creative
+Commons Attribution-NoDerivs 3.0 United States <span
class="removed"><del><strong>License</a>.
+</p></strong></del></span> <span
class="inserted"><ins><em>License</a>.</p></em></ins></span>
+
+<!--#include virtual="/server/bottom-notes.html" -->
+
+<p>Updated:
+<!-- timestamp start -->
+$Date: 2013/04/12 07:05:33 $
+<!-- timestamp end -->
+</p>
+</div>
+</div>
+</body>
+</html>
+</pre></body></html>
Index: po/gnu-history.pt-br-diff.html
===================================================================
RCS file: po/gnu-history.pt-br-diff.html
diff -N po/gnu-history.pt-br-diff.html
--- /dev/null 1 Jan 1970 00:00:00 -0000
+++ po/gnu-history.pt-br-diff.html 12 Apr 2013 07:05:33 -0000 1.1
@@ -0,0 +1,208 @@
+<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Strict//EN"
+ "http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-strict.dtd";>
+<!-- Generated by GNUN -->
+<html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"; xml:lang="en" lang="en">
+<head>
+<meta http-equiv="content-type" content="text/html; charset=utf-8" />
+<title>/gnu/gnu-history.html-diff</title>
+<style type="text/css">
+span.removed { background-color: #f22; color: #000; }
+span.inserted { background-color: #2f2; color: #000; }
+</style></head>
+<body><pre>
+<!--#include virtual="/server/header.html" -->
+<span class="inserted"><ins><em><!-- Parent-Version: 1.75
--></em></ins></span>
+<title>Overview of the GNU System
+- GNU Project - Free Software <span class="removed"><del><strong>Foundation
(FSF)</title></strong></del></span> <span
class="inserted"><ins><em>Foundation</title></em></ins></span>
+<meta name="Keywords" content="GNU, GNU Project, FSF, Free Software, Free
Software Foundation, History" />
+<!--#include <span
class="removed"><del><strong>virtual="/server/banner.html"</strong></del></span>
<span
class="inserted"><ins><em>virtual="/gnu/po/gnu-history.translist"</em></ins></span>
-->
+<!--#include <span
class="removed"><del><strong>virtual="/gnu/po/gnu-history.translist"</strong></del></span>
<span
class="inserted"><ins><em>virtual="/server/banner.html"</em></ins></span> -->
+<h2>Overview of the GNU System</h2>
+
+<p>
+The GNU operating system is a complete free software system,
+upward-compatible with Unix. GNU stands for “GNU's Not Unix”.
+<a href="http://www.stallman.org/">Richard Stallman</a> made the
+<a href="/gnu/initial-announcement.html">Initial Announcement</a>
of
+the GNU Project in September 1983. A longer version called
+the <a href="/gnu/manifesto.html">GNU Manifesto</a> was published
in
+March 1985. It has been translated into several
+<a href="/gnu/manifesto.html#translations">other
languages</a>.</p>
+
+<p>
+The name “GNU” was chosen because it met a few
+requirements; first, it was a recursive acronym for “GNU's Not
+Unix”, second, because it was a real word, and third, it was fun
+to say (or
+<a
href="http://www.poppyfields.net/poppy/songs/gnu.html">Sing</a>).</p>
+
+<p>
+The word “free” in “free software” pertains to
+<a href="/philosophy/free-sw.html">freedom</a>, not price. You
may or
+may not pay a price to get GNU software. Either way, once you have
+the software you have four specific freedoms in using it. The freedom
+to run the program as you wish; the freedom to copy the program and
+give it away to your friends and co-workers; the freedom to change the
+program as you wish, by having full access to source code; the freedom
+to distribute an improved version and thus help build the community.
+(If you redistribute GNU software, you may charge a fee for the
+physical act of transferring a copy, or you may give away copies.)</p>
+
+<p>
+The project to develop the GNU system is called the “GNU
+Project”. The GNU Project was conceived in 1983 as a way of
+bringing back the cooperative spirit that prevailed in the computing
+community in earlier days—to make cooperation possible once again by
+removing the obstacles to cooperation imposed by the owners of
+proprietary software.</p>
+
+<p>
+In 1971, when Richard Stallman started his career at MIT, he worked in
+a group which used <a href="/philosophy/free-sw.html">free
+software</a> exclusively. Even computer companies often distributed
+free software. Programmers were free to cooperate with each other,
+and often did.</p>
+
+<p>
+By the 1980s, almost all software was
+<a
href="/philosophy/categories.html#ProprietarySoftware">proprietary</a>,
+which means that it had owners who forbid and
+prevent cooperation by users. This made the GNU Project necessary.</p>
+
+<p>
+Every computer user needs an operating system; if there is no free
+operating system, then you can't even get started using a computer
+without resorting to proprietary software. So the first item on the
+free software agenda obviously had to be a free operating system.</p>
+
+<p>
+We decided to make the operating system compatible with Unix because
+the overall design was already proven and portable, and because
+compatibility makes it easy for Unix users to switch from Unix to
GNU.</p>
+
+<p>
+A Unix-like operating system includes a kernel, compilers, editors,
+text formatters, mail software, graphical interfaces, libraries, games
+and many other things. Thus, writing a whole operating system is a
+very large job. We started in January 1984.
+The <a href="http://fsf.org/"> Free Software Foundation</a> was
+founded in October 1985, initially to raise funds to help develop
+GNU.</p>
+
+<p>By 1990 we had either found or written all the major components
+except one—the kernel. Then Linux, a Unix-like kernel, was
+developed by Linus Torvalds in 1991 and made free software in 1992.
+Combining Linux with the almost-complete GNU system resulted in a
+complete operating system: the GNU/Linux system. Estimates are that
+tens of millions of people now use GNU/Linux systems, typically
+via <a href="/distros">GNU/Linux distributions</a>. The principal
+version of Linux now contains non-free firmware “blobs”;
+free software activists now maintain a modified free version of Linux,
+called <a href="http://directory.fsf.org/project/linux">
+Linux-libre</a>.</p>
+
+<p>
+However, the GNU Project is not limited to the core operating system.
+We aim to provide a whole spectrum of software, whatever many users
+want to have. This includes application software. See
+the <a href="/directory">Free Software Directory</a> for a
catalogue
+of free software application programs.</p>
+
+<p>
+We also want to provide software for users who are not computer
+experts. Therefore we developed a
+<a href="http://www.gnome.org/">graphical desktop (called
GNOME)</a> to help
+beginners use the GNU system.</p>
+
+<p>We also want to provide games and other recreations. Plenty of <a
+href="http://directory.fsf.org/wiki/Category/Game">free games</a> are
+already available.</p>
+
+<p>
+How far can free software go? There are no limits, except
+when <a href="/philosophy/fighting-software-patents.html">laws such as
+the patent system prohibit free software</a>. The ultimate goal is to
+provide free software to do all of the jobs computer users want to
+do—and thus make proprietary software a thing of the past.</p>
+
+<span class="removed"><del><strong></div></strong></del></span>
+
+
+<span class="inserted"><ins><em></div><!-- for id="content", starts
in the include above --></em></ins></span>
+<!--#include virtual="/server/footer.html" -->
+<div id="footer">
+
+<span class="removed"><del><strong><p>
+Please</strong></del></span>
+
+<span class="inserted"><ins><em><p>Please</em></ins></span> send <span
class="inserted"><ins><em>general</em></ins></span> FSF & GNU inquiries to
+<a href="mailto:address@hidden"><address@hidden></a>.
+There are also <a href="/contact/">other ways to contact</a>
+the FSF.
+<span class="removed"><del><strong><br />
+Please send broken</strong></del></span> <span
class="inserted"><ins><em>Broken</em></ins></span> links and other corrections
or suggestions <span class="inserted"><ins><em>can be sent</em></ins></span>
+to <a <span
class="removed"><del><strong>href="mailto:address@hidden"><address@hidden></a>.
+</p>
+
+<p></strong></del></span> <span
class="inserted"><ins><em>href="mailto:address@hidden"><address@hidden></a>.</p>
+
+<p><!-- TRANSLATORS: Ignore the original text in this paragraph,
+ replace it with the translation of these two:
+
+ We work hard and do our best to provide accurate, good quality
+ translations. However, we are not exempt from imperfection.
+ Please send your comments and general suggestions in this regard
+ to <a href="mailto:address@hidden">
+ <address@hidden></a>.</p>
+
+ <p>For information on coordinating and submitting translations of
+ our web pages, see <a
+ href="/server/standards/README.translations.html">Translations
+ README</a>. --></em></ins></span>
+Please see the <a
+href="/server/standards/README.translations.html">Translations
+README</a> for information on coordinating and submitting translations
+of this <span class="removed"><del><strong>article.
+</p>
+
+<p>
+Copyright</strong></del></span> <span
class="inserted"><ins><em>article.</p>
+
+<!-- Regarding copyright, in general, standalone pages (as opposed to
+ files generated as part of manuals) on the GNU web server should
+ be under CC BY-ND 3.0 US. Please do NOT change or remove this
+ without talking with the webmasters or licensing team first.
+ Please make sure the copyright date is consistent with the
+ document. For web pages, it is ok to list just the latest year the
+ document was modified, or published.
+
+ If you wish to list earlier years, that is ok too.
+ Either "2001, 2002, 2003" or "2001-2003" are ok for specifying
+ years, as long as each year in the range is in fact a copyrightable
+ year, i.e., a year in which the document was published (including
+ being publicly visible on the web or in a revision control system).
+
+ There is more detail about copyright years in the GNU Maintainers
+ Information document, www.gnu.org/prep/maintain. -->
+
+<p>Copyright</em></ins></span> © 1996, 1997, 1998, 1999, 2001,
2002, 2003, 2005, 2007,
+2009, 2012 Free Software Foundation, <span class="removed"><del><strong>Inc.
+</p></strong></del></span> <span
class="inserted"><ins><em>Inc.</p></em></ins></span>
+
+<p>This page is licensed under a <a rel="license"
+href="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nd/3.0/us/">Creative
+Commons Attribution-NoDerivs 3.0 United States <span
class="removed"><del><strong>License</a>.
+</p></strong></del></span> <span
class="inserted"><ins><em>License</a>.</p></em></ins></span>
+
+<!--#include virtual="/server/bottom-notes.html" -->
+
+<p>Updated:
+<!-- timestamp start -->
+$Date: 2013/04/12 07:05:33 $
+<!-- timestamp end -->
+</p>
+</div>
+</div>
+</body>
+</html>
+</pre></body></html>
Index: po/gnu-users-never-heard-of-gnu.cs-diff.html
===================================================================
RCS file: po/gnu-users-never-heard-of-gnu.cs-diff.html
diff -N po/gnu-users-never-heard-of-gnu.cs-diff.html
--- /dev/null 1 Jan 1970 00:00:00 -0000
+++ po/gnu-users-never-heard-of-gnu.cs-diff.html 12 Apr 2013 07:05:34
-0000 1.1
@@ -0,0 +1,148 @@
+<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Strict//EN"
+ "http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-strict.dtd";>
+<!-- Generated by GNUN -->
+<html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"; xml:lang="en" lang="en">
+<head>
+<meta http-equiv="content-type" content="text/html; charset=utf-8" />
+<title>/gnu/gnu-users-never-heard-of-gnu.html-diff</title>
+<style type="text/css">
+span.removed { background-color: #f22; color: #000; }
+span.inserted { background-color: #2f2; color: #000; }
+</style></head>
+<body><pre>
+<!--#include virtual="/server/header.html" -->
+<span class="inserted"><ins><em><!-- Parent-Version: 1.75
--></em></ins></span>
+<title>GNU Users Who Have Never Heard of GNU
+- GNU Project - Free Software <span class="removed"><del><strong>Foundation
(FSF)</title></strong></del></span> <span
class="inserted"><ins><em>Foundation</title></em></ins></span>
+<!--#include <span
class="removed"><del><strong>virtual="/server/banner.html"</strong></del></span>
<span
class="inserted"><ins><em>virtual="/gnu/po/gnu-users-never-heard-of-gnu.translist"</em></ins></span>
-->
+<!--#include <span
class="removed"><del><strong>virtual="/gnu/po/gnu-users-never-heard-of-gnu.translist"</strong></del></span>
<span
class="inserted"><ins><em>virtual="/server/banner.html"</em></ins></span> -->
+<h2>GNU Users Who Have Never Heard of GNU</h2>
+
+<p><strong>by <a href="http://www.stallman.org/">Richard
Stallman</a></strong></p>
+
+<div class="announcement">
+ <blockquote><p>To learn more about this issue, you can also read
+our <a href="/gnu/gnu-linux-faq.html">GNU/Linux FAQ</a>, our page
on
+<a href="/gnu/why-gnu-linux.html">Why GNU/Linux?</a>
+and our page on <a href="/gnu/linux-and-gnu.html">Linux and the GNU
Project</a>.
+</p></blockquote>
+</div>
+
+<p>Most people have never heard of GNU. Even most of the people who use
+the GNU system have never heard of GNU, thanks to so many people and
+companies who teach them to call it “Linux”. Nonetheless,
+the name GNU has certain associations, which people will discover once
+they hear the name. GNU is associated with the ideals of freedom of the
+free software movement. That association is no accident; the motive for
+developing GNU was specifically to make it possible to use a computer
+and have freedom.</p>
+
+<p>The association between the name GNU and our goals of freedom and
+social solidarity exists in the minds of hundreds of thousands of
+GNU/Linux users that do know about GNU. It exists in Wikipedia. And it
+exists around the web; if these users search for GNU, they will find <a
+href="http://www.gnu.org">www.gnu.org</a>, which talks about free
+software and freedom.</p>
+
+<p>A person seeing the name “GNU” for the first time in
+“GNU/Linux” won't immediately associate it with anything.
+However, when people know that the system is basically GNU, that brings
+them a step closer to learning about our ideals. For instance, they
+might become curious and look for more information about GNU.</p>
+
+<p>If they don't look for it, they may encounter it anyway. The
+“open source” rhetoric tends to lead people's attention away
+from issues of users' freedom, but not totally; there is still
+discussion of GNU and free software, and people have some chance of
+coming across it. When that happens, the reader is more likely to pay
+attention to information about GNU (such as that it's the work of a
+campaign for freedom and community) if he knows he is a user of the GNU
+system.</p>
+
+<p>Over time, calling the system “GNU/Linux” spreads
+awareness of the ideals of freedom for which we developed the GNU
+system. It is also useful as a reminder for people in our community who
+know about these ideals, in a world where much of discussion of free
+software takes a totally practical (and thus amoral) approach. When we
+ask you to call the system “GNU/Linux”, we do so because
+awareness of GNU slowly but surely brings with it awareness of the free
+software ideals of freedom and community.</p>
+
+<span class="removed"><del><strong></div></strong></del></span>
+
+<span class="inserted"><ins><em></div><!-- for id="content", starts
in the include above --></em></ins></span>
+<!--#include virtual="/server/footer.html" -->
+<div id="footer">
+
+<span class="removed"><del><strong><p>
+Please</strong></del></span>
+
+<span class="inserted"><ins><em><p>Please</em></ins></span> send <span
class="inserted"><ins><em>general</em></ins></span> FSF & GNU inquiries to
+<a href="mailto:address@hidden"><address@hidden></a>.
+There are also <a href="/contact/">other ways to contact</a>
+the FSF.
+<span class="removed"><del><strong><br />
+Please send broken</strong></del></span> <span
class="inserted"><ins><em>Broken</em></ins></span> links and other corrections
or suggestions <span class="inserted"><ins><em>can be sent</em></ins></span>
+to <a <span
class="removed"><del><strong>href="mailto:address@hidden"><address@hidden></a>.
+</p>
+
+<p></strong></del></span> <span
class="inserted"><ins><em>href="mailto:address@hidden"><address@hidden></a>.</p>
+
+<p><!-- TRANSLATORS: Ignore the original text in this paragraph,
+ replace it with the translation of these two:
+
+ We work hard and do our best to provide accurate, good quality
+ translations. However, we are not exempt from imperfection.
+ Please send your comments and general suggestions in this regard
+ to <a href="mailto:address@hidden">
+ <address@hidden></a>.</p>
+
+ <p>For information on coordinating and submitting translations of
+ our web pages, see <a
+ href="/server/standards/README.translations.html">Translations
+ README</a>. --></em></ins></span>
+Please see the <a
+href="/server/standards/README.translations.html">Translations
+README</a> for information on coordinating and submitting translations
+of this <span class="removed"><del><strong>article.
+</p>
+
+<p>
+Copyright</strong></del></span> <span
class="inserted"><ins><em>article.</p>
+
+<!-- Regarding copyright, in general, standalone pages (as opposed to
+ files generated as part of manuals) on the GNU web server should
+ be under CC BY-ND 3.0 US. Please do NOT change or remove this
+ without talking with the webmasters or licensing team first.
+ Please make sure the copyright date is consistent with the
+ document. For web pages, it is ok to list just the latest year the
+ document was modified, or published.
+
+ If you wish to list earlier years, that is ok too.
+ Either "2001, 2002, 2003" or "2001-2003" are ok for specifying
+ years, as long as each year in the range is in fact a copyrightable
+ year, i.e., a year in which the document was published (including
+ being publicly visible on the web or in a revision control system).
+
+ There is more detail about copyright years in the GNU Maintainers
+ Information document, www.gnu.org/prep/maintain. -->
+
+<p>Copyright</em></ins></span> © 2006, <span
class="removed"><del><strong>2007</strong></del></span> <span
class="inserted"><ins><em>2007, 2013</em></ins></span> Free Software
Foundation, Inc.</p>
+
+<p>This page is licensed under a <a rel="license"
+href="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nd/3.0/us/">Creative
+Commons Attribution-NoDerivs 3.0 United States <span
class="removed"><del><strong>License</a>.
+</p></strong></del></span> <span
class="inserted"><ins><em>License</a>.</p></em></ins></span>
+
+<!--#include virtual="/server/bottom-notes.html" -->
+
+<p>Updated:
+<!-- timestamp start -->
+$Date: 2013/04/12 07:05:34 $
+<!-- timestamp end -->
+</p>
+</div>
+</div>
+</body>
+</html>
+</pre></body></html>
Index: po/gnu-users-never-heard-of-gnu.nl-diff.html
===================================================================
RCS file: po/gnu-users-never-heard-of-gnu.nl-diff.html
diff -N po/gnu-users-never-heard-of-gnu.nl-diff.html
--- /dev/null 1 Jan 1970 00:00:00 -0000
+++ po/gnu-users-never-heard-of-gnu.nl-diff.html 12 Apr 2013 07:05:34
-0000 1.1
@@ -0,0 +1,148 @@
+<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Strict//EN"
+ "http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-strict.dtd";>
+<!-- Generated by GNUN -->
+<html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"; xml:lang="en" lang="en">
+<head>
+<meta http-equiv="content-type" content="text/html; charset=utf-8" />
+<title>/gnu/gnu-users-never-heard-of-gnu.html-diff</title>
+<style type="text/css">
+span.removed { background-color: #f22; color: #000; }
+span.inserted { background-color: #2f2; color: #000; }
+</style></head>
+<body><pre>
+<!--#include virtual="/server/header.html" -->
+<span class="inserted"><ins><em><!-- Parent-Version: 1.75
--></em></ins></span>
+<title>GNU Users Who Have Never Heard of GNU
+- GNU Project - Free Software <span class="removed"><del><strong>Foundation
(FSF)</title></strong></del></span> <span
class="inserted"><ins><em>Foundation</title></em></ins></span>
+<!--#include <span
class="removed"><del><strong>virtual="/server/banner.html"</strong></del></span>
<span
class="inserted"><ins><em>virtual="/gnu/po/gnu-users-never-heard-of-gnu.translist"</em></ins></span>
-->
+<!--#include <span
class="removed"><del><strong>virtual="/gnu/po/gnu-users-never-heard-of-gnu.translist"</strong></del></span>
<span
class="inserted"><ins><em>virtual="/server/banner.html"</em></ins></span> -->
+<h2>GNU Users Who Have Never Heard of GNU</h2>
+
+<p><strong>by <a href="http://www.stallman.org/">Richard
Stallman</a></strong></p>
+
+<div class="announcement">
+ <blockquote><p>To learn more about this issue, you can also read
+our <a href="/gnu/gnu-linux-faq.html">GNU/Linux FAQ</a>, our page
on
+<a href="/gnu/why-gnu-linux.html">Why GNU/Linux?</a>
+and our page on <a href="/gnu/linux-and-gnu.html">Linux and the GNU
Project</a>.
+</p></blockquote>
+</div>
+
+<p>Most people have never heard of GNU. Even most of the people who use
+the GNU system have never heard of GNU, thanks to so many people and
+companies who teach them to call it “Linux”. Nonetheless,
+the name GNU has certain associations, which people will discover once
+they hear the name. GNU is associated with the ideals of freedom of the
+free software movement. That association is no accident; the motive for
+developing GNU was specifically to make it possible to use a computer
+and have freedom.</p>
+
+<p>The association between the name GNU and our goals of freedom and
+social solidarity exists in the minds of hundreds of thousands of
+GNU/Linux users that do know about GNU. It exists in Wikipedia. And it
+exists around the web; if these users search for GNU, they will find <a
+href="http://www.gnu.org">www.gnu.org</a>, which talks about free
+software and freedom.</p>
+
+<p>A person seeing the name “GNU” for the first time in
+“GNU/Linux” won't immediately associate it with anything.
+However, when people know that the system is basically GNU, that brings
+them a step closer to learning about our ideals. For instance, they
+might become curious and look for more information about GNU.</p>
+
+<p>If they don't look for it, they may encounter it anyway. The
+“open source” rhetoric tends to lead people's attention away
+from issues of users' freedom, but not totally; there is still
+discussion of GNU and free software, and people have some chance of
+coming across it. When that happens, the reader is more likely to pay
+attention to information about GNU (such as that it's the work of a
+campaign for freedom and community) if he knows he is a user of the GNU
+system.</p>
+
+<p>Over time, calling the system “GNU/Linux” spreads
+awareness of the ideals of freedom for which we developed the GNU
+system. It is also useful as a reminder for people in our community who
+know about these ideals, in a world where much of discussion of free
+software takes a totally practical (and thus amoral) approach. When we
+ask you to call the system “GNU/Linux”, we do so because
+awareness of GNU slowly but surely brings with it awareness of the free
+software ideals of freedom and community.</p>
+
+<span class="removed"><del><strong></div></strong></del></span>
+
+<span class="inserted"><ins><em></div><!-- for id="content", starts
in the include above --></em></ins></span>
+<!--#include virtual="/server/footer.html" -->
+<div id="footer">
+
+<span class="removed"><del><strong><p>
+Please</strong></del></span>
+
+<span class="inserted"><ins><em><p>Please</em></ins></span> send <span
class="inserted"><ins><em>general</em></ins></span> FSF & GNU inquiries to
+<a href="mailto:address@hidden"><address@hidden></a>.
+There are also <a href="/contact/">other ways to contact</a>
+the FSF.
+<span class="removed"><del><strong><br />
+Please send broken</strong></del></span> <span
class="inserted"><ins><em>Broken</em></ins></span> links and other corrections
or suggestions <span class="inserted"><ins><em>can be sent</em></ins></span>
+to <a <span
class="removed"><del><strong>href="mailto:address@hidden"><address@hidden></a>.
+</p>
+
+<p></strong></del></span> <span
class="inserted"><ins><em>href="mailto:address@hidden"><address@hidden></a>.</p>
+
+<p><!-- TRANSLATORS: Ignore the original text in this paragraph,
+ replace it with the translation of these two:
+
+ We work hard and do our best to provide accurate, good quality
+ translations. However, we are not exempt from imperfection.
+ Please send your comments and general suggestions in this regard
+ to <a href="mailto:address@hidden">
+ <address@hidden></a>.</p>
+
+ <p>For information on coordinating and submitting translations of
+ our web pages, see <a
+ href="/server/standards/README.translations.html">Translations
+ README</a>. --></em></ins></span>
+Please see the <a
+href="/server/standards/README.translations.html">Translations
+README</a> for information on coordinating and submitting translations
+of this <span class="removed"><del><strong>article.
+</p>
+
+<p>
+Copyright</strong></del></span> <span
class="inserted"><ins><em>article.</p>
+
+<!-- Regarding copyright, in general, standalone pages (as opposed to
+ files generated as part of manuals) on the GNU web server should
+ be under CC BY-ND 3.0 US. Please do NOT change or remove this
+ without talking with the webmasters or licensing team first.
+ Please make sure the copyright date is consistent with the
+ document. For web pages, it is ok to list just the latest year the
+ document was modified, or published.
+
+ If you wish to list earlier years, that is ok too.
+ Either "2001, 2002, 2003" or "2001-2003" are ok for specifying
+ years, as long as each year in the range is in fact a copyrightable
+ year, i.e., a year in which the document was published (including
+ being publicly visible on the web or in a revision control system).
+
+ There is more detail about copyright years in the GNU Maintainers
+ Information document, www.gnu.org/prep/maintain. -->
+
+<p>Copyright</em></ins></span> © 2006, <span
class="removed"><del><strong>2007</strong></del></span> <span
class="inserted"><ins><em>2007, 2013</em></ins></span> Free Software
Foundation, Inc.</p>
+
+<p>This page is licensed under a <a rel="license"
+href="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nd/3.0/us/">Creative
+Commons Attribution-NoDerivs 3.0 United States <span
class="removed"><del><strong>License</a>.
+</p></strong></del></span> <span
class="inserted"><ins><em>License</a>.</p></em></ins></span>
+
+<!--#include virtual="/server/bottom-notes.html" -->
+
+<p>Updated:
+<!-- timestamp start -->
+$Date: 2013/04/12 07:05:34 $
+<!-- timestamp end -->
+</p>
+</div>
+</div>
+</body>
+</html>
+</pre></body></html>
Index: po/gnu.el-diff.html
===================================================================
RCS file: po/gnu.el-diff.html
diff -N po/gnu.el-diff.html
--- /dev/null 1 Jan 1970 00:00:00 -0000
+++ po/gnu.el-diff.html 12 Apr 2013 07:05:35 -0000 1.1
@@ -0,0 +1,143 @@
+<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Strict//EN"
+ "http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-strict.dtd";>
+<!-- Generated by GNUN -->
+<html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"; xml:lang="en" lang="en">
+<head>
+<meta http-equiv="content-type" content="text/html; charset=utf-8" />
+<title>/gnu/gnu.html-diff</title>
+<style type="text/css">
+span.removed { background-color: #f22; color: #000; }
+span.inserted { background-color: #2f2; color: #000; }
+</style></head>
+<body><pre>
+<!--#include virtual="/server/header.html" -->
+<span class="inserted"><ins><em><!-- Parent-Version: 1.75
--></em></ins></span>
+<title>The GNU Operating System
+- GNU project - Free Software <span class="removed"><del><strong>Foundation
(FSF)</title></strong></del></span> <span
class="inserted"><ins><em>Foundation</title></em></ins></span>
+<!--#include <span
class="removed"><del><strong>virtual="/server/banner.html"</strong></del></span>
<span
class="inserted"><ins><em>virtual="/gnu/po/gnu.translist"</em></ins></span>
-->
+<!--#include <span
class="removed"><del><strong>virtual="/gnu/po/gnu.translist"</strong></del></span>
<span
class="inserted"><ins><em>virtual="/server/banner.html"</em></ins></span> -->
+<h2>The GNU Operating System</h2>
+
+<ul>
+ <li><a href="/gnu/about-gnu.html">About the GNU Operating
System</a></li>
+ <li><a href="/gnu/gnu-history.html">A historical overview of
GNU</a></li>
+ <li><a href="/gnu/thegnuproject.html">A more detailed history of
GNU</a></li>
+ <li><a href="/gnu/initial-announcement.html">The initial
announcement</a>
+ of the project</li>
+ <li><a href="/gnu/manifesto.html">The GNU
Manifesto</a></li>
+ <li><a href="/gnu/byte-interview.html">BYTE interview with
Richard
+ Stallman</a> (1986)</li>
+ <li><a href="/gnu/rms-lisp.html">My Lisp Experiences and the
+ Development of GNU Emacs</a> (by Richard Stallman)</li>
+ <li><a
href="http://query.nytimes.com/gst/fullpage.html?res=950DEFDE123AF932A25752C0A96F948260&sec=&spon=&pagewanted=1">
+ One Man's Fight for Free Software</a>, an article about Richard
+ Stallman and the early GNU development, published at <cite>The
+ New York Times</cite> on January 11, 1989. One problem with the
+ article is that it uses the propaganda term “intellectual
+ property” as if that referred to something coherent. The
+ term is such a confusion that talking about it <a
+ href="/philosophy/not-ipr.html">makes no sense</a>. The article
+ is also somewhat confused in regard to Symbolics. What Stallman
+ did, while still working at MIT, was to write, independently,
+ replacement improvements comparable to the improvements that
+ Symbolics made in its version of the MIT Lisp Machine
+ System.</li>
+ <li><a href="/philosophy/15-years-of-free-software.html">15 Years
+ of Free Software</a> (1999)</li>
+</ul>
+
+
+<h3><a id="gnulinux"></a>GNU and Linux</h3>
+
+<ul>
+ <li><a href="/gnu/linux-and-gnu.html">The relationship between
GNU and
+ Linux</a></li>
+ <li><a href="/gnu/why-gnu-linux.html">Why the ‘Linux
+ system’ should be called GNU/Linux</a></li>
+ <li><a href="/gnu/gnu-users-never-heard-of-gnu.html">GNU Users
Who
+ Have Never Heard of GNU</a></li>
+ <li><a href="/gnu/gnu-linux-faq.html">A GNU/Linux
FAQ</a></li>
+</ul>
+
+
+<h3><a id="misc"></a>Other GNU-related resources</h3>
+
+<ul>
+ <li><a href="http://libreplanet.org/wiki/Group_list">GNU/Linux,
+ GNU/Hurd, and free software user groups</a></li>
+</ul>
+
+<span class="removed"><del><strong><!-- If needed, change the copyright
block at the bottom. In general,
+ all pages on the GNU web server should have the section about
+ verbatim copying. Please do NOT remove this without talking
+ with the webmasters first.
+ Please make sure the copyright date is consistent with the document
+ and that it is like this: "2001, 2002", not this: "2001-2002".
--></strong></del></span>
+
+</div><!-- for id="content", starts in the include above -->
+<!--#include virtual="/server/footer.html" -->
+<div id="footer">
+
+<p>Please send general FSF & GNU inquiries to
+<a href="mailto:address@hidden"><address@hidden></a>.
+There are also <a href="/contact/">other ways to contact</a>
+the <span class="removed"><del><strong>FSF.<br />
+Please send broken</strong></del></span> <span class="inserted"><ins><em>FSF.
Broken</em></ins></span> links and other corrections or suggestions <span
class="inserted"><ins><em>can be sent</em></ins></span>
+to <a
href="mailto:address@hidden"><address@hidden></a>.</p>
+
+<span class="removed"><del><strong><p>Please</strong></del></span>
+
+<span class="inserted"><ins><em><p><!-- TRANSLATORS: Ignore the
original text in this paragraph,
+ replace it with the translation of these two:
+
+ We work hard and do our best to provide accurate, good quality
+ translations. However, we are not exempt from imperfection.
+ Please send your comments and general suggestions in this regard
+ to <a href="mailto:address@hidden">
+ <address@hidden></a>.</p>
+
+ <p>For information on coordinating and submitting translations of
+ our web pages, see <a
+ href="/server/standards/README.translations.html">Translations
+ README</a>. -->
+Please</em></ins></span> see the <a
+href="/server/standards/README.translations.html">Translations
+README</a> for information on coordinating and submitting translations
+of this article.</p>
+
+<span class="inserted"><ins><em><!-- Regarding copyright, in general,
standalone pages (as opposed to
+ files generated as part of manuals) on the GNU web server should
+ be under CC BY-ND 3.0 US. Please do NOT change or remove this
+ without talking with the webmasters or licensing team first.
+ Please make sure the copyright date is consistent with the
+ document. For web pages, it is ok to list just the latest year the
+ document was modified, or published.
+
+ If you wish to list earlier years, that is ok too.
+ Either "2001, 2002, 2003" or "2001-2003" are ok for specifying
+ years, as long as each year in the range is in fact a copyrightable
+ year, i.e., a year in which the document was published (including
+ being publicly visible on the web or in a revision control system).
+
+ There is more detail about copyright years in the GNU Maintainers
+ Information document, www.gnu.org/prep/maintain. --></em></ins></span>
+
+<p>Copyright © <span
class="removed"><del><strong>2011</strong></del></span> <span
class="inserted"><ins><em>2013</em></ins></span> Free Software Foundation,
Inc.</p>
+
+<p>This page is licensed under a <a rel="license"
+href="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nd/3.0/us/">Creative
+Commons Attribution-NoDerivs 3.0 United States <span
class="removed"><del><strong>License</a>.
+</p></strong></del></span> <span
class="inserted"><ins><em>License</a>.</p></em></ins></span>
+
+<!--#include virtual="/server/bottom-notes.html" -->
+
+<p>Updated:
+<!-- timestamp start -->
+$Date: 2013/04/12 07:05:35 $
+<!-- timestamp end -->
+</p>
+</div>
+</div>
+</body>
+</html>
+</pre></body></html>
Index: po/gnu.ko-diff.html
===================================================================
RCS file: po/gnu.ko-diff.html
diff -N po/gnu.ko-diff.html
--- /dev/null 1 Jan 1970 00:00:00 -0000
+++ po/gnu.ko-diff.html 12 Apr 2013 07:05:35 -0000 1.1
@@ -0,0 +1,143 @@
+<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Strict//EN"
+ "http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-strict.dtd";>
+<!-- Generated by GNUN -->
+<html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"; xml:lang="en" lang="en">
+<head>
+<meta http-equiv="content-type" content="text/html; charset=utf-8" />
+<title>/gnu/gnu.html-diff</title>
+<style type="text/css">
+span.removed { background-color: #f22; color: #000; }
+span.inserted { background-color: #2f2; color: #000; }
+</style></head>
+<body><pre>
+<!--#include virtual="/server/header.html" -->
+<span class="inserted"><ins><em><!-- Parent-Version: 1.75
--></em></ins></span>
+<title>The GNU Operating System
+- GNU project - Free Software <span class="removed"><del><strong>Foundation
(FSF)</title></strong></del></span> <span
class="inserted"><ins><em>Foundation</title></em></ins></span>
+<!--#include <span
class="removed"><del><strong>virtual="/server/banner.html"</strong></del></span>
<span
class="inserted"><ins><em>virtual="/gnu/po/gnu.translist"</em></ins></span>
-->
+<!--#include <span
class="removed"><del><strong>virtual="/gnu/po/gnu.translist"</strong></del></span>
<span
class="inserted"><ins><em>virtual="/server/banner.html"</em></ins></span> -->
+<h2>The GNU Operating System</h2>
+
+<ul>
+ <li><a href="/gnu/about-gnu.html">About the GNU Operating
System</a></li>
+ <li><a href="/gnu/gnu-history.html">A historical overview of
GNU</a></li>
+ <li><a href="/gnu/thegnuproject.html">A more detailed history of
GNU</a></li>
+ <li><a href="/gnu/initial-announcement.html">The initial
announcement</a>
+ of the project</li>
+ <li><a href="/gnu/manifesto.html">The GNU
Manifesto</a></li>
+ <li><a href="/gnu/byte-interview.html">BYTE interview with
Richard
+ Stallman</a> (1986)</li>
+ <li><a href="/gnu/rms-lisp.html">My Lisp Experiences and the
+ Development of GNU Emacs</a> (by Richard Stallman)</li>
+ <li><a
href="http://query.nytimes.com/gst/fullpage.html?res=950DEFDE123AF932A25752C0A96F948260&sec=&spon=&pagewanted=1">
+ One Man's Fight for Free Software</a>, an article about Richard
+ Stallman and the early GNU development, published at <cite>The
+ New York Times</cite> on January 11, 1989. One problem with the
+ article is that it uses the propaganda term “intellectual
+ property” as if that referred to something coherent. The
+ term is such a confusion that talking about it <a
+ href="/philosophy/not-ipr.html">makes no sense</a>. The article
+ is also somewhat confused in regard to Symbolics. What Stallman
+ did, while still working at MIT, was to write, independently,
+ replacement improvements comparable to the improvements that
+ Symbolics made in its version of the MIT Lisp Machine
+ System.</li>
+ <li><a href="/philosophy/15-years-of-free-software.html">15 Years
+ of Free Software</a> (1999)</li>
+</ul>
+
+
+<h3><a id="gnulinux"></a>GNU and Linux</h3>
+
+<ul>
+ <li><a href="/gnu/linux-and-gnu.html">The relationship between
GNU and
+ Linux</a></li>
+ <li><a href="/gnu/why-gnu-linux.html">Why the ‘Linux
+ system’ should be called GNU/Linux</a></li>
+ <li><a href="/gnu/gnu-users-never-heard-of-gnu.html">GNU Users
Who
+ Have Never Heard of GNU</a></li>
+ <li><a href="/gnu/gnu-linux-faq.html">A GNU/Linux
FAQ</a></li>
+</ul>
+
+
+<h3><a id="misc"></a>Other GNU-related resources</h3>
+
+<ul>
+ <li><a href="http://libreplanet.org/wiki/Group_list">GNU/Linux,
+ GNU/Hurd, and free software user groups</a></li>
+</ul>
+
+<span class="removed"><del><strong><!-- If needed, change the copyright
block at the bottom. In general,
+ all pages on the GNU web server should have the section about
+ verbatim copying. Please do NOT remove this without talking
+ with the webmasters first.
+ Please make sure the copyright date is consistent with the document
+ and that it is like this: "2001, 2002", not this: "2001-2002".
--></strong></del></span>
+
+</div><!-- for id="content", starts in the include above -->
+<!--#include virtual="/server/footer.html" -->
+<div id="footer">
+
+<p>Please send general FSF & GNU inquiries to
+<a href="mailto:address@hidden"><address@hidden></a>.
+There are also <a href="/contact/">other ways to contact</a>
+the <span class="removed"><del><strong>FSF.<br />
+Please send broken</strong></del></span> <span class="inserted"><ins><em>FSF.
Broken</em></ins></span> links and other corrections or suggestions <span
class="inserted"><ins><em>can be sent</em></ins></span>
+to <a
href="mailto:address@hidden"><address@hidden></a>.</p>
+
+<span class="removed"><del><strong><p>Please</strong></del></span>
+
+<span class="inserted"><ins><em><p><!-- TRANSLATORS: Ignore the
original text in this paragraph,
+ replace it with the translation of these two:
+
+ We work hard and do our best to provide accurate, good quality
+ translations. However, we are not exempt from imperfection.
+ Please send your comments and general suggestions in this regard
+ to <a href="mailto:address@hidden">
+ <address@hidden></a>.</p>
+
+ <p>For information on coordinating and submitting translations of
+ our web pages, see <a
+ href="/server/standards/README.translations.html">Translations
+ README</a>. -->
+Please</em></ins></span> see the <a
+href="/server/standards/README.translations.html">Translations
+README</a> for information on coordinating and submitting translations
+of this article.</p>
+
+<span class="inserted"><ins><em><!-- Regarding copyright, in general,
standalone pages (as opposed to
+ files generated as part of manuals) on the GNU web server should
+ be under CC BY-ND 3.0 US. Please do NOT change or remove this
+ without talking with the webmasters or licensing team first.
+ Please make sure the copyright date is consistent with the
+ document. For web pages, it is ok to list just the latest year the
+ document was modified, or published.
+
+ If you wish to list earlier years, that is ok too.
+ Either "2001, 2002, 2003" or "2001-2003" are ok for specifying
+ years, as long as each year in the range is in fact a copyrightable
+ year, i.e., a year in which the document was published (including
+ being publicly visible on the web or in a revision control system).
+
+ There is more detail about copyright years in the GNU Maintainers
+ Information document, www.gnu.org/prep/maintain. --></em></ins></span>
+
+<p>Copyright © <span
class="removed"><del><strong>2011</strong></del></span> <span
class="inserted"><ins><em>2013</em></ins></span> Free Software Foundation,
Inc.</p>
+
+<p>This page is licensed under a <a rel="license"
+href="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nd/3.0/us/">Creative
+Commons Attribution-NoDerivs 3.0 United States <span
class="removed"><del><strong>License</a>.
+</p></strong></del></span> <span
class="inserted"><ins><em>License</a>.</p></em></ins></span>
+
+<!--#include virtual="/server/bottom-notes.html" -->
+
+<p>Updated:
+<!-- timestamp start -->
+$Date: 2013/04/12 07:05:35 $
+<!-- timestamp end -->
+</p>
+</div>
+</div>
+</body>
+</html>
+</pre></body></html>
Index: po/manifesto.el-diff.html
===================================================================
RCS file: po/manifesto.el-diff.html
diff -N po/manifesto.el-diff.html
--- /dev/null 1 Jan 1970 00:00:00 -0000
+++ po/manifesto.el-diff.html 12 Apr 2013 07:05:35 -0000 1.1
@@ -0,0 +1,751 @@
+<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Strict//EN"
+ "http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-strict.dtd";>
+<!-- Generated by GNUN -->
+<html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"; xml:lang="en" lang="en">
+<head>
+<meta http-equiv="content-type" content="text/html; charset=utf-8" />
+<title>/gnu/manifesto.html-diff</title>
+<style type="text/css">
+span.removed { background-color: #f22; color: #000; }
+span.inserted { background-color: #2f2; color: #000; }
+</style></head>
+<body><pre>
+<!--#include virtual="/server/header.html" -->
+<span class="inserted"><ins><em><!-- Parent-Version: 1.75
--></em></ins></span>
+<title>The GNU Manifesto
+- GNU Project - Free Software <span class="removed"><del><strong>Foundation
(FSF)</title></strong></del></span> <span
class="inserted"><ins><em>Foundation</title></em></ins></span>
+<!--#include <span
class="removed"><del><strong>virtual="/server/banner.html"</strong></del></span>
<span
class="inserted"><ins><em>virtual="/gnu/po/manifesto.translist"</em></ins></span>
-->
+<!--#include <span
class="removed"><del><strong>virtual="/gnu/po/manifesto.translist"</strong></del></span>
<span
class="inserted"><ins><em>virtual="/server/banner.html"</em></ins></span> -->
+<h2>The GNU Manifesto</h2>
+
+<p> The GNU Manifesto (which appears below) was written by <a
+href="http://www.stallman.org/">Richard Stallman</a> at the beginning
+of the GNU Project, to ask for participation and support. For the
+first few years, it was updated in minor ways to account for
+developments, but now it seems best to leave it unchanged as most
+people have seen it.</p>
+
+<p>Since that time, we have learned about certain common
+misunderstandings that different wording could help avoid. Footnotes
+added since 1993 help clarify these points.</p>
+
+<p>For up-to-date information about the available GNU software, please
+see the information available on our <a href="/home.html">web
+server</a>, in particular our <a
href="/software/software.html">list
+of software</a>. For how to contribute, see <a
+href="/help/">http://www.gnu.org/help</a>. </p>
+
+<h3>What's GNU? Gnu's Not Unix!</h3>
+
+<p>
+ GNU, which stands for Gnu's Not Unix, is the name for the complete
+Unix-compatible software system which I am writing so that I can give
+it away free to everyone who can use it.<a href="#f1">(1)</a>
Several
+other volunteers are helping me. Contributions of time, money,
+programs and equipment are greatly needed.</p>
+
+<p>
+ So far we have an Emacs text editor with Lisp for writing editor
+commands, a source level debugger, a yacc-compatible parser generator,
+a linker, and around 35 utilities. A shell (command interpreter) is
+nearly completed. A new portable optimizing C compiler has compiled
+itself and may be released this year. An initial kernel exists but
+many more features are needed to emulate Unix. When the kernel and
+compiler are finished, it will be possible to distribute a GNU system
+suitable for program development. We will use TeX as our text
+formatter, but an nroff is being worked on. We will use the free,
+portable X Window System as well. After this we will add a portable
+Common Lisp, an Empire game, a spreadsheet, and hundreds of other
+things, plus online documentation. We hope to supply, eventually,
+everything useful that normally comes with a Unix system, and more.</p>
+
+<p>
+ GNU will be able to run Unix programs, but will not be identical to
+Unix. We will make all improvements that are convenient, based on our
+experience with other operating systems. In particular, we plan to
+have longer file names, file version numbers, a crashproof file system,
+file name completion perhaps, terminal-independent display support, and
+perhaps eventually a Lisp-based window system through which several
+Lisp programs and ordinary Unix programs can share a screen. Both C
+and Lisp will be available as system programming languages. We will
+try to support UUCP, MIT Chaosnet, and Internet protocols for
+communication.</p>
+
+<p>
+ GNU is aimed initially at machines in the 68000/16000 class with
+virtual memory, because they are the easiest machines to make it run
+on. The extra effort to make it run on smaller machines will be left
+to someone who wants to use it on them.</p>
+
+<p>
+ To avoid horrible confusion, please pronounce the <em>g</em> in
the
+word “GNU” when it is the name of this project.</p>
+
+<h3>Why I Must Write GNU</h3>
+
+<p>
+ I consider that the Golden Rule requires that if I like a program I
+must share it with other people who like it. Software sellers want to
+divide the users and conquer them, making each user agree not to share
+with others. I refuse to break solidarity with other users in this
+way. I cannot in good conscience sign a nondisclosure agreement or a
+software license agreement. For years I worked within the Artificial
+Intelligence Lab to resist such tendencies and other inhospitalities,
+but eventually they had gone too far: I could not remain in an
+institution where such things are done for me against my will.</p>
+
+<p>
+ So that I can continue to use computers without dishonor, I have
+decided to put together a sufficient body of free software so that I
+will be able to get along without any software that is not free. I
+have resigned from the AI Lab to deny MIT any legal excuse to prevent
+me from giving GNU away.<a href="#f2a">(2)</a></p>
+
+<h3>Why GNU Will Be Compatible with Unix</h3>
+
+<p>
+ Unix is not my ideal system, but it is not too bad. The essential
+features of Unix seem to be good ones, and I think I can fill in what
+Unix lacks without spoiling them. And a system compatible with Unix
+would be convenient for many other people to adopt.</p>
+
+<h3>How GNU Will Be Available</h3>
+
+<p>
+ GNU is not in the public domain. Everyone will be permitted to
+modify and redistribute GNU, but no distributor will be allowed to
+restrict its further redistribution. That is to say,
+<a
href="/philosophy/categories.html#ProprietarySoftware">proprietary</a>
+modifications will not be allowed. I want to make sure that all
+versions of GNU remain free.</p>
+
+<h3>Why Many Other Programmers Want to Help</h3>
+
+<p>
+ I have found many other programmers who are excited about GNU and
+want to help.</p>
+
+<p>
+ Many programmers are unhappy about the commercialization of system
+software. It may enable them to make more money, but it requires them
+to feel in conflict with other programmers in general rather than feel
+as comrades. The fundamental act of friendship among programmers is the
+sharing of programs; marketing arrangements now typically used
+essentially forbid programmers to treat others as friends. The
+purchaser of software must choose between friendship and obeying the
+law. Naturally, many decide that friendship is more important. But
+those who believe in law often do not feel at ease with either choice.
+They become cynical and think that programming is just a way of making
+money.</p>
+
+<p>
+ By working on and using GNU rather than proprietary programs, we can
+be hospitable to everyone and obey the law. In addition, GNU serves as
+an example to inspire and a banner to rally others to join us in
+sharing. This can give us a feeling of harmony which is impossible if
+we use software that is not free. For about half the programmers I
+talk to, this is an important happiness that money cannot replace.</p>
+
+<h3>How You Can Contribute</h3>
+
+<blockquote>
+<p>
+(Nowadays, for software tasks to work on, see the <a
href="http://fsf.org/campaigns/priority-projects">High Priority Projects
list</a> and the <a
href="http://savannah.gnu.org/people/?type_id=1">GNU Help Wanted
list</a>, the general task list for GNU software packages. For other ways
to help, see <a href="http://gnu.org/help/help.html">the guide to helping
the GNU operating system</a>.)
+</p>
+</blockquote>
+
+<p>
+ I am asking computer manufacturers for donations of machines and
+money. I'm asking individuals for donations of programs and work.</p>
+
+<p>
+ One consequence you can expect if you donate machines is that GNU
+will run on them at an early date. The machines should be complete,
+ready to use systems, approved for use in a residential area, and not
+in need of sophisticated cooling or power.</p>
+
+<p>
+ I have found very many programmers eager to contribute part-time
+work for GNU. For most projects, such part-time distributed work would
+be very hard to coordinate; the independently written parts would not
+work together. But for the particular task of replacing Unix, this
+problem is absent. A complete Unix system contains hundreds of utility
+programs, each of which is documented separately. Most interface
+specifications are fixed by Unix compatibility. If each contributor
+can write a compatible replacement for a single Unix utility, and make
+it work properly in place of the original on a Unix system, then these
+utilities will work right when put together. Even allowing for Murphy
+to create a few unexpected problems, assembling these components will
+be a feasible task. (The kernel will require closer communication and
+will be worked on by a small, tight group.)</p>
+
+<p>
+ If I get donations of money, I may be able to hire a few people full
+or part time. The salary won't be high by programmers' standards, but
+I'm looking for people for whom building community spirit is as
+important as making money. I view this as a way of enabling dedicated
+people to devote their full energies to working on GNU by sparing them
+the need to make a living in another way.</p>
+
+<h3>Why All Computer Users Will Benefit</h3>
+
+<p>
+ Once GNU is written, everyone will be able to obtain good system
+software free, just like air.<a href="#f2">(3)</a></p>
+
+<p>
+ This means much more than just saving everyone the price of a Unix
+license. It means that much wasteful duplication of system programming
+effort will be avoided. This effort can go instead into advancing the
+state of the art.</p>
+
+<p>
+ Complete system sources will be available to everyone. As a result,
+a user who needs changes in the system will always be free to make them
+himself, or hire any available programmer or company to make them for
+him. Users will no longer be at the mercy of one programmer or company
+which owns the sources and is in sole position to make changes.</p>
+
+<p>
+ Schools will be able to provide a much more educational environment
+by encouraging all students to study and improve the system code.
+Harvard's computer lab used to have the policy that no program could be
+installed on the system if its sources were not on public display, and
+upheld it by actually refusing to install certain programs. I was very
+much inspired by this.</p>
+
+<p>
+ Finally, the overhead of considering who owns the system software
+and what one is or is not entitled to do with it will be lifted.</p>
+
+<p>
+ Arrangements to make people pay for using a program, including
+licensing of copies, always incur a tremendous cost to society through
+the cumbersome mechanisms necessary to figure out how much (that is,
+which programs) a person must pay for. And only a police state can
+force everyone to obey them. Consider a space station where air must
+be manufactured at great cost: charging each breather per liter of air
+may be fair, but wearing the metered gas mask all day and all night is
+intolerable even if everyone can afford to pay the air bill. And the
+TV cameras everywhere to see if you ever take the mask off are
+outrageous. It's better to support the air plant with a head tax and
+chuck the masks.</p>
+
+<p>
+ Copying all or parts of a program is as natural to a programmer as
+breathing, and as productive. It ought to be as free.</p>
+
+<h3>Some Easily Rebutted Objections to GNU's Goals</h3>
+
+<p>
+<strong>“Nobody will use it if it is free, because that means
+they can't rely on any support.”</strong></p>
+
+<p>
+<strong>“You have to charge for the program to pay for providing
+the support.”</strong></p>
+
+<p>
+ If people would rather pay for GNU plus service than get GNU free
+without service, a company to provide just service to people who have
+obtained GNU free ought to be profitable.<a
href="#f3">(4)</a></p>
+
+<p>
+ We must distinguish between support in the form of real programming
+work and mere handholding. The former is something one cannot rely on
+from a software vendor. If your problem is not shared by enough
+people, the vendor will tell you to get lost.</p>
+
+<p>
+ If your business needs to be able to rely on support, the only way
+is to have all the necessary sources and tools. Then you can hire any
+available person to fix your problem; you are not at the mercy of any
+individual. With Unix, the price of sources puts this out of
+consideration for most businesses. With GNU this will be easy. It is
+still possible for there to be no available competent person, but this
+problem cannot be blamed on distribution arrangements. GNU does not
+eliminate all the world's problems, only some of them.</p>
+
+<p>
+ Meanwhile, the users who know nothing about computers need
+handholding: doing things for them which they could easily do
+themselves but don't know how.</p>
+
+<p>
+ Such services could be provided by companies that sell just
+handholding and repair service. If it is true that users would rather
+spend money and get a product with service, they will also be willing
+to buy the service having got the product free. The service companies
+will compete in quality and price; users will not be tied to any
+particular one. Meanwhile, those of us who don't need the service
+should be able to use the program without paying for the service.</p>
+
+<p>
+<strong>“You cannot reach many people without advertising, and
+you must charge for the program to support
that.”</strong></p>
+
+<p>
+<strong>“It's no use advertising a program people can get
+free.”</strong></p>
+
+<p>
+ There are various forms of free or very cheap publicity that can be
+used to inform numbers of computer users about something like GNU. But
+it may be true that one can reach more microcomputer users with
+advertising. If this is really so, a business which advertises the
+service of copying and mailing GNU for a fee ought to be successful
+enough to pay for its advertising and more. This way, only the users
+who benefit from the advertising pay for it.</p>
+
+<p>
+ On the other hand, if many people get GNU from their friends, and
+such companies don't succeed, this will show that advertising was not
+really necessary to spread GNU. Why is it that free market advocates
+don't want to let the free market decide this?<a
href="#f4">(5)</a></p>
+
+<p>
+<strong>“My company needs a proprietary operating system to get
+a competitive edge.”</strong></p>
+
+<p>
+ GNU will remove operating system software from the realm of
+competition. You will not be able to get an edge in this area, but
+neither will your competitors be able to get an edge over you. You and
+they will compete in other areas, while benefiting mutually in this
+one. If your business is selling an operating system, you will not
+like GNU, but that's tough on you. If your business is something else,
+GNU can save you from being pushed into the expensive business of
+selling operating systems.</p>
+
+<p>
+ I would like to see GNU development supported by gifts from many
+manufacturers and users, reducing the cost to each.<a
href="#f5">(6)</a></p>
+
+<p>
+<strong>“Don't programmers deserve a reward for their
+creativity?”</strong></p>
+
+<p>
+ If anything deserves a reward, it is social contribution.
+Creativity can be a social contribution, but only in so far as society
+is free to use the results. If programmers deserve to be rewarded for
+creating innovative programs, by the same token they deserve to be
+punished if they restrict the use of these programs.</p>
+
+<p>
+<strong>“Shouldn't a programmer be able to ask for a reward for
+his creativity?”</strong></p>
+
+<p>
+ There is nothing wrong with wanting pay for work, or seeking to
+maximize one's income, as long as one does not use means that are
+destructive. But the means customary in the field of software today
+are based on destruction.</p>
+
+<p>
+ Extracting money from users of a program by restricting their use of
+it is destructive because the restrictions reduce the amount and the
+ways that the program can be used. This reduces the amount of wealth
+that humanity derives from the program. When there is a deliberate
+choice to restrict, the harmful consequences are deliberate
destruction.</p>
+
+<p>
+ The reason a good citizen does not use such destructive means to
+become wealthier is that, if everyone did so, we would all become
+poorer from the mutual destructiveness. This is Kantian ethics; or,
+the Golden Rule. Since I do not like the consequences that result if
+everyone hoards information, I am required to consider it wrong for one
+to do so. Specifically, the desire to be rewarded for one's creativity
+does not justify depriving the world in general of all or part of that
+creativity.</p>
+
+<p>
+<strong>“Won't programmers starve?”</strong></p>
+
+<p>
+ I could answer that nobody is forced to be a programmer. Most of us
+cannot manage to get any money for standing on the street and making
+faces. But we are not, as a result, condemned to spend our lives
+standing on the street making faces, and starving. We do something
+else.</p>
+
+<p>
+ But that is the wrong answer because it accepts the questioner's
+implicit assumption: that without ownership of software, programmers
+cannot possibly be paid a cent. Supposedly it is all or nothing.</p>
+
+<p>
+ The real reason programmers will not starve is that it will still be
+possible for them to get paid for programming; just not paid as much as
+now.</p>
+
+<p>
+ Restricting copying is not the only basis for business in software.
+It is the most common basis<a href="#f8">(7)</a> because it brings
in
+the most money. If it
+were prohibited, or rejected by the customer, software business would
+move to other bases of organization which are now used less often.
+There are always numerous ways to organize any kind of business.</p>
+
+<p>
+ Probably programming will not be as lucrative on the new basis as it
+is now. But that is not an argument against the change. It is not
+considered an injustice that sales clerks make the salaries that they
+now do. If programmers made the same, that would not be an injustice
+either. (In practice they would still make considerably more than
+that.)</p>
+
+<p>
+<strong>“Don't people have a right to control how their
+creativity is used?”</strong></p>
+
+<p>
+“Control over the use of one's ideas” really constitutes
+control over other people's lives; and it is usually used to make
+their lives more difficult.</p>
+
+<p>
+ People who have studied the issue of intellectual property
+rights<a href="#f6">(8)</a> carefully (such as lawyers) say that
there
+is no intrinsic right to intellectual property. The kinds of supposed
+intellectual property rights that the government recognizes were
+created by specific acts of legislation for specific purposes.</p>
+
+<p>
+ For example, the patent system was established to encourage
+inventors to disclose the details of their inventions. Its purpose was
+to help society rather than to help inventors. At the time, the life
+span of 17 years for a patent was short compared with the rate of
+advance of the state of the art. Since patents are an issue only among
+manufacturers, for whom the cost and effort of a license agreement are
+small compared with setting up production, the patents often do not do
+much harm. They do not obstruct most individuals who use patented
+products.</p>
+
+<p>
+ The idea of copyright did not exist in ancient times, when authors
+frequently copied other authors at length in works of nonfiction. This
+practice was useful, and is the only way many authors' works have
+survived even in part. The copyright system was created expressly for
+the purpose of encouraging authorship. In the domain for which it was
+invented—books, which could be copied economically only on a printing
+press—it did little harm, and did not obstruct most of the individuals
+who read the books.</p>
+
+<p>
+ All intellectual property rights are just licenses granted by society
+because it was thought, rightly or wrongly, that society as a whole
+would benefit by granting them. But in any particular situation, we
+have to ask: are we really better off granting such license? What kind
+of act are we licensing a person to do?</p>
+
+<p>
+ The case of programs today is very different from that of books a
+hundred years ago. The fact that the easiest way to copy a program is
+from one neighbor to another, the fact that a program has both source
+code and object code which are distinct, and the fact that a program is
+used rather than read and enjoyed, combine to create a situation in
+which a person who enforces a copyright is harming society as a whole
+both materially and spiritually; in which a person should not do so
+regardless of whether the law enables him to.</p>
+
+<p>
+<strong>“Competition makes things get done
+better.”</strong></p>
+
+<p>
+ The paradigm of competition is a race: by rewarding the winner, we
+encourage everyone to run faster. When capitalism really works this
+way, it does a good job; but its defenders are wrong in assuming it
+always works this way. If the runners forget why the reward is offered
+and become intent on winning, no matter how, they may find other
+strategies—such as, attacking other runners. If the runners get into
+a fist fight, they will all finish late.</p>
+
+<p>
+ Proprietary and secret software is the moral equivalent of runners
+in a fist fight. Sad to say, the only referee we've got does not seem
+to object to fights; he just regulates them (“For every ten
+yards you run, you can fire one shot”). He really ought to
+break them up, and penalize runners for even trying to fight.</p>
+
+<p>
+<strong>“Won't everyone stop programming without a monetary
+incentive?”</strong></p>
+
+<p>
+ Actually, many people will program with absolutely no monetary
+incentive. Programming has an irresistible fascination for some
+people, usually the people who are best at it. There is no shortage of
+professional musicians who keep at it even though they have no hope of
+making a living that way.</p>
+
+<p>
+ But really this question, though commonly asked, is not appropriate
+to the situation. Pay for programmers will not disappear, only become
+less. So the right question is, will anyone program with a reduced
+monetary incentive? My experience shows that they will.</p>
+
+<p>
+ For more than ten years, many of the world's best programmers worked
+at the Artificial Intelligence Lab for far less money than they could
+have had anywhere else. They got many kinds of nonmonetary rewards:
+fame and appreciation, for example. And creativity is also fun, a
+reward in itself.</p>
+
+<p>
+ Then most of them left when offered a chance to do the same
+interesting work for a lot of money.</p>
+
+<p>
+ What the facts show is that people will program for reasons other
+than riches; but if given a chance to make a lot of money as well, they
+will come to expect and demand it. Low-paying organizations do poorly
+in competition with high-paying ones, but they do not have to do badly
+if the high-paying ones are banned.</p>
+
+<p>
+<strong>“We need the programmers desperately. If they demand
+that we stop helping our neighbors, we have to
obey.”</strong></p>
+
+<p>
+ You're never so desperate that you have to obey this sort of demand.
+Remember: millions for defense, but not a cent for tribute!</p>
+
+<p>
+<strong>“Programmers need to make a living
somehow.”</strong></p>
+
+<p>
+ In the short run, this is true. However, there are plenty of ways
+that programmers could make a living without selling the right to use a
+program. This way is customary now because it brings programmers and
+businessmen the most money, not because it is the only way to make a
+living. It is easy to find other ways if you want to find them. Here
+are a number of examples.</p>
+
+<p>
+ A manufacturer introducing a new computer will pay for the porting of
+operating systems onto the new hardware.</p>
+
+<p>
+ The sale of teaching, handholding and maintenance services could
+also employ programmers.</p>
+
+<p>
+ People with new ideas could distribute programs as
+freeware<a href="#f7">(9)</a>, asking for donations from satisfied
+users, or selling handholding services. I have met people who are
+already working this way successfully.</p>
+
+<p>
+ Users with related needs can form users' groups, and pay dues. A
+group would contract with programming companies to write programs that
+the group's members would like to use.</p>
+
+<p>
+ All sorts of development can be funded with a Software Tax:</p>
+
+<p>
+ Suppose everyone who buys a computer has to pay x percent of the
+ price as a software tax. The government gives this to an agency
+ like the NSF to spend on software development.</p>
+
+<p>
+ But if the computer buyer makes a donation to software development
+ himself, he can take a credit against the tax. He can donate to
+ the project of his own choosing—often, chosen because he hopes to
+ use the results when it is done. He can take a credit for any
+ amount of donation up to the total tax he had to pay.</p>
+
+<p>
+ The total tax rate could be decided by a vote of the payers of the
+ tax, weighted according to the amount they will be taxed on.</p>
+
+<p>
+ The consequences:</p>
+
+<ul>
+<li>The computer-using community supports software
development.</li>
+<li>This community decides what level of support is needed.</li>
+<li>Users who care which projects their share is spent on can
+ choose this for themselves.</li>
+</ul>
+<p>
+ In the long run, making programs free is a step toward the
+postscarcity world, where nobody will have to work very hard just to
+make a living. People will be free to devote themselves to activities
+that are fun, such as programming, after spending the necessary ten
+hours a week on required tasks such as legislation, family counseling,
+robot repair and asteroid prospecting. There will be no need to be
+able to make a living from programming.</p>
+
+<p>
+ We have already greatly reduced the amount of work that the whole
+society must do for its actual productivity, but only a little of this
+has translated itself into leisure for workers because much
+nonproductive activity is required to accompany productive activity.
+The main causes of this are bureaucracy and isometric struggles against
+competition. Free software will greatly reduce these drains in the
+area of software production. We must do this, in order for technical
+gains in productivity to translate into less work for us.</p>
+
+
+<h4>Footnotes</h4>
+
+<!-- The anchors do not match the actual footnote numbers because of
+ revisions over time. And if a new footnote is added, the references
+ to existing footnotes that follow the new one must be changed. -->
+<ol>
+<li><a name="f1"></a>The wording here was careless. The
intention
+was that nobody would have to pay for <b>permission</b> to use the
GNU
+system. But the words don't make this clear, and people often
+interpret them as saying that copies of GNU should always be
+distributed at little or no charge. That was never the intent; later
+on, the manifesto mentions the possibility of companies providing the
+service of distribution for a profit. Subsequently I have learned to
+distinguish carefully between “free” in the sense of
+freedom and “free” in the sense of price. Free software
+is software that users have the freedom to distribute and change.
+Some users may obtain copies at no charge, while others pay to obtain
+copies—and if the funds help support improving the software, so much
+the better. The important thing is that everyone who has a copy has
+the freedom to cooperate with others in using it.</li>
+
+<li><a name="f2a"></a>The expression “give away”
is another
+indication that I had not yet clearly separated the issue of price
+from that of freedom. We now recommend avoiding this expression when
+talking about free software. See
+<a href="/philosophy/words-to-avoid.html#GiveAwaySoftware">
+<q>Confusing Words and Phrases</q></a> for more
explanation.</li>
+
+<li><a name="f2"></a>This is another place I failed to
distinguish
+carefully between the two different meanings of “free”.
+The statement as it stands is not false—you can get copies of GNU
+software at no charge, from your friends or over the net. But it does
+suggest the wrong idea.</li>
+
+<li><a name="f3"></a>Several such companies now
exist.</li>
+
+<li><a name="f4"></a> Although it is a
+charity rather than a company, the Free Software Foundation for 10 years raised
+most of its funds from its distribution service. You
+can <a href="/order/order.html">order things from the FSF</a>
+to support its work.
+</li>
+
+<li><a name="f5"></a>A group of computer companies pooled
funds
+around 1991 to support maintenance of the GNU C Compiler.</li>
+
+<li><a name="f8"></a>I think I was mistaken in saying that
proprietary
+software was the most common basis for making money in software.
+It seems that actually the most common business model was and is
+development of custom software. That does not offer the possibility
+of collecting rents, so the business has to keep doing real work
+in order to keep getting income. The custom software business would
+continue to exist, more or less unchanged, in a free software world.
+Therefore, I no longer expect that most paid programmers would earn less
+in a free software world.</li>
+
+<li><a name="f6"></a>In the 1980s I had not yet realized how
confusing
+it was to speak of “the issue” of “intellectual
+property”. That term is obviously biased; more subtle is the
+fact that it lumps together various disparate laws which raise very
+different issues. Nowadays I urge people to reject the term
+“intellectual property” entirely, lest it lead others to
+suppose that those laws form one coherent issue. The way to be clear
+is to discuss patents, copyrights, and trademarks separately.
+See <a href="/philosophy/not-ipr.html">further explanation</a> of
how
+this term spreads confusion and bias.</li>
+
+<li><a name="f7"></a>Subsequently we learned to distinguish
+between “free software” and “freeware”. The
+term “freeware” means software you are free to
+redistribute, but usually you are not free to study and change the
+source code, so most of it is not free software. See
+<a href="/philosophy/words-to-avoid.html#Freeware">
+<q>Confusing Words and Phrases</q></a> for more
explanation.</li>
+
+</ol>
+
+<span class="removed"><del><strong></div></strong></del></span>
+
+<span class="inserted"><ins><em></div><!-- for id="content", starts
in the include above --></em></ins></span>
+<!--#include virtual="/server/footer.html" -->
+<div id="footer">
+
+<span class="removed"><del><strong><p>
+Please</strong></del></span>
+
+<span class="inserted"><ins><em><p>Please</em></ins></span> send <span
class="inserted"><ins><em>general</em></ins></span> FSF & GNU inquiries to
+<a href="mailto:address@hidden"><address@hidden></a>.
+There are also <a href="/contact/">other ways to contact</a>
+the FSF.
+<span class="removed"><del><strong><br />
+Please send broken</strong></del></span> <span
class="inserted"><ins><em>Broken</em></ins></span> links and other corrections
or suggestions <span class="inserted"><ins><em>can be sent</em></ins></span>
+to <a <span
class="removed"><del><strong>href="mailto:address@hidden"><address@hidden></a>.
+</p>
+
+<p></strong></del></span> <span
class="inserted"><ins><em>href="mailto:address@hidden"><address@hidden></a>.</p>
+
+<p><!-- TRANSLATORS: Ignore the original text in this paragraph,
+ replace it with the translation of these two:
+
+ We work hard and do our best to provide accurate, good quality
+ translations. However, we are not exempt from imperfection.
+ Please send your comments and general suggestions in this regard
+ to <a href="mailto:address@hidden">
+ <address@hidden></a>.</p>
+
+ <p>For information on coordinating and submitting translations of
+ our web pages, see <a
+ href="/server/standards/README.translations.html">Translations
+ README</a>. --></em></ins></span>
+Please see the <a
+href="/server/standards/README.translations.html">Translations
+README</a> for information on coordinating and submitting translations
+of this <span class="removed"><del><strong>article.
+</p></strong></del></span> <span
class="inserted"><ins><em>article.</p>
+
+<!-- Regarding copyright, in general, standalone pages (as opposed to
+ files generated as part of manuals) on the GNU web server should
+ be under CC BY-ND 3.0 US. Please do NOT change or remove this
+ without talking with the webmasters or licensing team first.
+ Please make sure the copyright date is consistent with the
+ document. For web pages, it is ok to list just the latest year the
+ document was modified, or published.
+
+ If you wish to list earlier years, that is ok too.
+ Either "2001, 2002, 2003" or "2001-2003" are ok for specifying
+ years, as long as each year in the range is in fact a copyrightable
+ year, i.e., a year in which the document was published (including
+ being publicly visible on the web or in a revision control system).
+
+ There is more detail about copyright years in the GNU Maintainers
+ Information document, www.gnu.org/prep/maintain. --></em></ins></span>
+
+<p>Copyright © 1985, 1993, 2003, 2005, 2007, 2008, 2009, 2010
+Free Software Foundation, <span class="removed"><del><strong>Inc.
+</p></strong></del></span> <span
class="inserted"><ins><em>Inc.</p></em></ins></span>
+
+<p>
+Permission is granted to anyone to make or distribute verbatim copies
+of this document, in any medium, provided that the copyright notice and
+permission notice are preserved, and that the distributor grants the
+recipient permission for further redistribution as permitted by this
+notice.
+<br />
+Modified versions may not be made.
+</p>
+
+<!--#include virtual="/server/bottom-notes.html" -->
+
+<p>Updated:
+<!-- timestamp start -->
+$Date: 2013/04/12 07:05:35 $
+<!-- timestamp end -->
+</p>
+</div>
+</div>
+</body>
+</html>
+</pre></body></html>
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+ "http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-strict.dtd";>
+<!-- Generated by GNUN -->
+<html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"; xml:lang="en" lang="en">
+<head>
+<meta http-equiv="content-type" content="text/html; charset=utf-8" />
+<title>/gnu/manifesto.html-diff</title>
+<style type="text/css">
+span.removed { background-color: #f22; color: #000; }
+span.inserted { background-color: #2f2; color: #000; }
+</style></head>
+<body><pre>
+<!--#include virtual="/server/header.html" -->
+<span class="inserted"><ins><em><!-- Parent-Version: 1.75
--></em></ins></span>
+<title>The GNU Manifesto
+- GNU Project - Free Software <span class="removed"><del><strong>Foundation
(FSF)</title></strong></del></span> <span
class="inserted"><ins><em>Foundation</title></em></ins></span>
+<!--#include <span
class="removed"><del><strong>virtual="/server/banner.html"</strong></del></span>
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-->
+<!--#include <span
class="removed"><del><strong>virtual="/gnu/po/manifesto.translist"</strong></del></span>
<span
class="inserted"><ins><em>virtual="/server/banner.html"</em></ins></span> -->
+<h2>The GNU Manifesto</h2>
+
+<p> The GNU Manifesto (which appears below) was written by <a
+href="http://www.stallman.org/">Richard Stallman</a> at the beginning
+of the GNU Project, to ask for participation and support. For the
+first few years, it was updated in minor ways to account for
+developments, but now it seems best to leave it unchanged as most
+people have seen it.</p>
+
+<p>Since that time, we have learned about certain common
+misunderstandings that different wording could help avoid. Footnotes
+added since 1993 help clarify these points.</p>
+
+<p>For up-to-date information about the available GNU software, please
+see the information available on our <a href="/home.html">web
+server</a>, in particular our <a
href="/software/software.html">list
+of software</a>. For how to contribute, see <a
+href="/help/">http://www.gnu.org/help</a>. </p>
+
+<h3>What's GNU? Gnu's Not Unix!</h3>
+
+<p>
+ GNU, which stands for Gnu's Not Unix, is the name for the complete
+Unix-compatible software system which I am writing so that I can give
+it away free to everyone who can use it.<a href="#f1">(1)</a>
Several
+other volunteers are helping me. Contributions of time, money,
+programs and equipment are greatly needed.</p>
+
+<p>
+ So far we have an Emacs text editor with Lisp for writing editor
+commands, a source level debugger, a yacc-compatible parser generator,
+a linker, and around 35 utilities. A shell (command interpreter) is
+nearly completed. A new portable optimizing C compiler has compiled
+itself and may be released this year. An initial kernel exists but
+many more features are needed to emulate Unix. When the kernel and
+compiler are finished, it will be possible to distribute a GNU system
+suitable for program development. We will use TeX as our text
+formatter, but an nroff is being worked on. We will use the free,
+portable X Window System as well. After this we will add a portable
+Common Lisp, an Empire game, a spreadsheet, and hundreds of other
+things, plus online documentation. We hope to supply, eventually,
+everything useful that normally comes with a Unix system, and more.</p>
+
+<p>
+ GNU will be able to run Unix programs, but will not be identical to
+Unix. We will make all improvements that are convenient, based on our
+experience with other operating systems. In particular, we plan to
+have longer file names, file version numbers, a crashproof file system,
+file name completion perhaps, terminal-independent display support, and
+perhaps eventually a Lisp-based window system through which several
+Lisp programs and ordinary Unix programs can share a screen. Both C
+and Lisp will be available as system programming languages. We will
+try to support UUCP, MIT Chaosnet, and Internet protocols for
+communication.</p>
+
+<p>
+ GNU is aimed initially at machines in the 68000/16000 class with
+virtual memory, because they are the easiest machines to make it run
+on. The extra effort to make it run on smaller machines will be left
+to someone who wants to use it on them.</p>
+
+<p>
+ To avoid horrible confusion, please pronounce the <em>g</em> in
the
+word “GNU” when it is the name of this project.</p>
+
+<h3>Why I Must Write GNU</h3>
+
+<p>
+ I consider that the Golden Rule requires that if I like a program I
+must share it with other people who like it. Software sellers want to
+divide the users and conquer them, making each user agree not to share
+with others. I refuse to break solidarity with other users in this
+way. I cannot in good conscience sign a nondisclosure agreement or a
+software license agreement. For years I worked within the Artificial
+Intelligence Lab to resist such tendencies and other inhospitalities,
+but eventually they had gone too far: I could not remain in an
+institution where such things are done for me against my will.</p>
+
+<p>
+ So that I can continue to use computers without dishonor, I have
+decided to put together a sufficient body of free software so that I
+will be able to get along without any software that is not free. I
+have resigned from the AI Lab to deny MIT any legal excuse to prevent
+me from giving GNU away.<a href="#f2a">(2)</a></p>
+
+<h3>Why GNU Will Be Compatible with Unix</h3>
+
+<p>
+ Unix is not my ideal system, but it is not too bad. The essential
+features of Unix seem to be good ones, and I think I can fill in what
+Unix lacks without spoiling them. And a system compatible with Unix
+would be convenient for many other people to adopt.</p>
+
+<h3>How GNU Will Be Available</h3>
+
+<p>
+ GNU is not in the public domain. Everyone will be permitted to
+modify and redistribute GNU, but no distributor will be allowed to
+restrict its further redistribution. That is to say,
+<a
href="/philosophy/categories.html#ProprietarySoftware">proprietary</a>
+modifications will not be allowed. I want to make sure that all
+versions of GNU remain free.</p>
+
+<h3>Why Many Other Programmers Want to Help</h3>
+
+<p>
+ I have found many other programmers who are excited about GNU and
+want to help.</p>
+
+<p>
+ Many programmers are unhappy about the commercialization of system
+software. It may enable them to make more money, but it requires them
+to feel in conflict with other programmers in general rather than feel
+as comrades. The fundamental act of friendship among programmers is the
+sharing of programs; marketing arrangements now typically used
+essentially forbid programmers to treat others as friends. The
+purchaser of software must choose between friendship and obeying the
+law. Naturally, many decide that friendship is more important. But
+those who believe in law often do not feel at ease with either choice.
+They become cynical and think that programming is just a way of making
+money.</p>
+
+<p>
+ By working on and using GNU rather than proprietary programs, we can
+be hospitable to everyone and obey the law. In addition, GNU serves as
+an example to inspire and a banner to rally others to join us in
+sharing. This can give us a feeling of harmony which is impossible if
+we use software that is not free. For about half the programmers I
+talk to, this is an important happiness that money cannot replace.</p>
+
+<h3>How You Can Contribute</h3>
+
+<blockquote>
+<p>
+(Nowadays, for software tasks to work on, see the <a
href="http://fsf.org/campaigns/priority-projects">High Priority Projects
list</a> and the <a
href="http://savannah.gnu.org/people/?type_id=1">GNU Help Wanted
list</a>, the general task list for GNU software packages. For other ways
to help, see <a href="http://gnu.org/help/help.html">the guide to helping
the GNU operating system</a>.)
+</p>
+</blockquote>
+
+<p>
+ I am asking computer manufacturers for donations of machines and
+money. I'm asking individuals for donations of programs and work.</p>
+
+<p>
+ One consequence you can expect if you donate machines is that GNU
+will run on them at an early date. The machines should be complete,
+ready to use systems, approved for use in a residential area, and not
+in need of sophisticated cooling or power.</p>
+
+<p>
+ I have found very many programmers eager to contribute part-time
+work for GNU. For most projects, such part-time distributed work would
+be very hard to coordinate; the independently written parts would not
+work together. But for the particular task of replacing Unix, this
+problem is absent. A complete Unix system contains hundreds of utility
+programs, each of which is documented separately. Most interface
+specifications are fixed by Unix compatibility. If each contributor
+can write a compatible replacement for a single Unix utility, and make
+it work properly in place of the original on a Unix system, then these
+utilities will work right when put together. Even allowing for Murphy
+to create a few unexpected problems, assembling these components will
+be a feasible task. (The kernel will require closer communication and
+will be worked on by a small, tight group.)</p>
+
+<p>
+ If I get donations of money, I may be able to hire a few people full
+or part time. The salary won't be high by programmers' standards, but
+I'm looking for people for whom building community spirit is as
+important as making money. I view this as a way of enabling dedicated
+people to devote their full energies to working on GNU by sparing them
+the need to make a living in another way.</p>
+
+<h3>Why All Computer Users Will Benefit</h3>
+
+<p>
+ Once GNU is written, everyone will be able to obtain good system
+software free, just like air.<a href="#f2">(3)</a></p>
+
+<p>
+ This means much more than just saving everyone the price of a Unix
+license. It means that much wasteful duplication of system programming
+effort will be avoided. This effort can go instead into advancing the
+state of the art.</p>
+
+<p>
+ Complete system sources will be available to everyone. As a result,
+a user who needs changes in the system will always be free to make them
+himself, or hire any available programmer or company to make them for
+him. Users will no longer be at the mercy of one programmer or company
+which owns the sources and is in sole position to make changes.</p>
+
+<p>
+ Schools will be able to provide a much more educational environment
+by encouraging all students to study and improve the system code.
+Harvard's computer lab used to have the policy that no program could be
+installed on the system if its sources were not on public display, and
+upheld it by actually refusing to install certain programs. I was very
+much inspired by this.</p>
+
+<p>
+ Finally, the overhead of considering who owns the system software
+and what one is or is not entitled to do with it will be lifted.</p>
+
+<p>
+ Arrangements to make people pay for using a program, including
+licensing of copies, always incur a tremendous cost to society through
+the cumbersome mechanisms necessary to figure out how much (that is,
+which programs) a person must pay for. And only a police state can
+force everyone to obey them. Consider a space station where air must
+be manufactured at great cost: charging each breather per liter of air
+may be fair, but wearing the metered gas mask all day and all night is
+intolerable even if everyone can afford to pay the air bill. And the
+TV cameras everywhere to see if you ever take the mask off are
+outrageous. It's better to support the air plant with a head tax and
+chuck the masks.</p>
+
+<p>
+ Copying all or parts of a program is as natural to a programmer as
+breathing, and as productive. It ought to be as free.</p>
+
+<h3>Some Easily Rebutted Objections to GNU's Goals</h3>
+
+<p>
+<strong>“Nobody will use it if it is free, because that means
+they can't rely on any support.”</strong></p>
+
+<p>
+<strong>“You have to charge for the program to pay for providing
+the support.”</strong></p>
+
+<p>
+ If people would rather pay for GNU plus service than get GNU free
+without service, a company to provide just service to people who have
+obtained GNU free ought to be profitable.<a
href="#f3">(4)</a></p>
+
+<p>
+ We must distinguish between support in the form of real programming
+work and mere handholding. The former is something one cannot rely on
+from a software vendor. If your problem is not shared by enough
+people, the vendor will tell you to get lost.</p>
+
+<p>
+ If your business needs to be able to rely on support, the only way
+is to have all the necessary sources and tools. Then you can hire any
+available person to fix your problem; you are not at the mercy of any
+individual. With Unix, the price of sources puts this out of
+consideration for most businesses. With GNU this will be easy. It is
+still possible for there to be no available competent person, but this
+problem cannot be blamed on distribution arrangements. GNU does not
+eliminate all the world's problems, only some of them.</p>
+
+<p>
+ Meanwhile, the users who know nothing about computers need
+handholding: doing things for them which they could easily do
+themselves but don't know how.</p>
+
+<p>
+ Such services could be provided by companies that sell just
+handholding and repair service. If it is true that users would rather
+spend money and get a product with service, they will also be willing
+to buy the service having got the product free. The service companies
+will compete in quality and price; users will not be tied to any
+particular one. Meanwhile, those of us who don't need the service
+should be able to use the program without paying for the service.</p>
+
+<p>
+<strong>“You cannot reach many people without advertising, and
+you must charge for the program to support
that.”</strong></p>
+
+<p>
+<strong>“It's no use advertising a program people can get
+free.”</strong></p>
+
+<p>
+ There are various forms of free or very cheap publicity that can be
+used to inform numbers of computer users about something like GNU. But
+it may be true that one can reach more microcomputer users with
+advertising. If this is really so, a business which advertises the
+service of copying and mailing GNU for a fee ought to be successful
+enough to pay for its advertising and more. This way, only the users
+who benefit from the advertising pay for it.</p>
+
+<p>
+ On the other hand, if many people get GNU from their friends, and
+such companies don't succeed, this will show that advertising was not
+really necessary to spread GNU. Why is it that free market advocates
+don't want to let the free market decide this?<a
href="#f4">(5)</a></p>
+
+<p>
+<strong>“My company needs a proprietary operating system to get
+a competitive edge.”</strong></p>
+
+<p>
+ GNU will remove operating system software from the realm of
+competition. You will not be able to get an edge in this area, but
+neither will your competitors be able to get an edge over you. You and
+they will compete in other areas, while benefiting mutually in this
+one. If your business is selling an operating system, you will not
+like GNU, but that's tough on you. If your business is something else,
+GNU can save you from being pushed into the expensive business of
+selling operating systems.</p>
+
+<p>
+ I would like to see GNU development supported by gifts from many
+manufacturers and users, reducing the cost to each.<a
href="#f5">(6)</a></p>
+
+<p>
+<strong>“Don't programmers deserve a reward for their
+creativity?”</strong></p>
+
+<p>
+ If anything deserves a reward, it is social contribution.
+Creativity can be a social contribution, but only in so far as society
+is free to use the results. If programmers deserve to be rewarded for
+creating innovative programs, by the same token they deserve to be
+punished if they restrict the use of these programs.</p>
+
+<p>
+<strong>“Shouldn't a programmer be able to ask for a reward for
+his creativity?”</strong></p>
+
+<p>
+ There is nothing wrong with wanting pay for work, or seeking to
+maximize one's income, as long as one does not use means that are
+destructive. But the means customary in the field of software today
+are based on destruction.</p>
+
+<p>
+ Extracting money from users of a program by restricting their use of
+it is destructive because the restrictions reduce the amount and the
+ways that the program can be used. This reduces the amount of wealth
+that humanity derives from the program. When there is a deliberate
+choice to restrict, the harmful consequences are deliberate
destruction.</p>
+
+<p>
+ The reason a good citizen does not use such destructive means to
+become wealthier is that, if everyone did so, we would all become
+poorer from the mutual destructiveness. This is Kantian ethics; or,
+the Golden Rule. Since I do not like the consequences that result if
+everyone hoards information, I am required to consider it wrong for one
+to do so. Specifically, the desire to be rewarded for one's creativity
+does not justify depriving the world in general of all or part of that
+creativity.</p>
+
+<p>
+<strong>“Won't programmers starve?”</strong></p>
+
+<p>
+ I could answer that nobody is forced to be a programmer. Most of us
+cannot manage to get any money for standing on the street and making
+faces. But we are not, as a result, condemned to spend our lives
+standing on the street making faces, and starving. We do something
+else.</p>
+
+<p>
+ But that is the wrong answer because it accepts the questioner's
+implicit assumption: that without ownership of software, programmers
+cannot possibly be paid a cent. Supposedly it is all or nothing.</p>
+
+<p>
+ The real reason programmers will not starve is that it will still be
+possible for them to get paid for programming; just not paid as much as
+now.</p>
+
+<p>
+ Restricting copying is not the only basis for business in software.
+It is the most common basis<a href="#f8">(7)</a> because it brings
in
+the most money. If it
+were prohibited, or rejected by the customer, software business would
+move to other bases of organization which are now used less often.
+There are always numerous ways to organize any kind of business.</p>
+
+<p>
+ Probably programming will not be as lucrative on the new basis as it
+is now. But that is not an argument against the change. It is not
+considered an injustice that sales clerks make the salaries that they
+now do. If programmers made the same, that would not be an injustice
+either. (In practice they would still make considerably more than
+that.)</p>
+
+<p>
+<strong>“Don't people have a right to control how their
+creativity is used?”</strong></p>
+
+<p>
+“Control over the use of one's ideas” really constitutes
+control over other people's lives; and it is usually used to make
+their lives more difficult.</p>
+
+<p>
+ People who have studied the issue of intellectual property
+rights<a href="#f6">(8)</a> carefully (such as lawyers) say that
there
+is no intrinsic right to intellectual property. The kinds of supposed
+intellectual property rights that the government recognizes were
+created by specific acts of legislation for specific purposes.</p>
+
+<p>
+ For example, the patent system was established to encourage
+inventors to disclose the details of their inventions. Its purpose was
+to help society rather than to help inventors. At the time, the life
+span of 17 years for a patent was short compared with the rate of
+advance of the state of the art. Since patents are an issue only among
+manufacturers, for whom the cost and effort of a license agreement are
+small compared with setting up production, the patents often do not do
+much harm. They do not obstruct most individuals who use patented
+products.</p>
+
+<p>
+ The idea of copyright did not exist in ancient times, when authors
+frequently copied other authors at length in works of nonfiction. This
+practice was useful, and is the only way many authors' works have
+survived even in part. The copyright system was created expressly for
+the purpose of encouraging authorship. In the domain for which it was
+invented—books, which could be copied economically only on a printing
+press—it did little harm, and did not obstruct most of the individuals
+who read the books.</p>
+
+<p>
+ All intellectual property rights are just licenses granted by society
+because it was thought, rightly or wrongly, that society as a whole
+would benefit by granting them. But in any particular situation, we
+have to ask: are we really better off granting such license? What kind
+of act are we licensing a person to do?</p>
+
+<p>
+ The case of programs today is very different from that of books a
+hundred years ago. The fact that the easiest way to copy a program is
+from one neighbor to another, the fact that a program has both source
+code and object code which are distinct, and the fact that a program is
+used rather than read and enjoyed, combine to create a situation in
+which a person who enforces a copyright is harming society as a whole
+both materially and spiritually; in which a person should not do so
+regardless of whether the law enables him to.</p>
+
+<p>
+<strong>“Competition makes things get done
+better.”</strong></p>
+
+<p>
+ The paradigm of competition is a race: by rewarding the winner, we
+encourage everyone to run faster. When capitalism really works this
+way, it does a good job; but its defenders are wrong in assuming it
+always works this way. If the runners forget why the reward is offered
+and become intent on winning, no matter how, they may find other
+strategies—such as, attacking other runners. If the runners get into
+a fist fight, they will all finish late.</p>
+
+<p>
+ Proprietary and secret software is the moral equivalent of runners
+in a fist fight. Sad to say, the only referee we've got does not seem
+to object to fights; he just regulates them (“For every ten
+yards you run, you can fire one shot”). He really ought to
+break them up, and penalize runners for even trying to fight.</p>
+
+<p>
+<strong>“Won't everyone stop programming without a monetary
+incentive?”</strong></p>
+
+<p>
+ Actually, many people will program with absolutely no monetary
+incentive. Programming has an irresistible fascination for some
+people, usually the people who are best at it. There is no shortage of
+professional musicians who keep at it even though they have no hope of
+making a living that way.</p>
+
+<p>
+ But really this question, though commonly asked, is not appropriate
+to the situation. Pay for programmers will not disappear, only become
+less. So the right question is, will anyone program with a reduced
+monetary incentive? My experience shows that they will.</p>
+
+<p>
+ For more than ten years, many of the world's best programmers worked
+at the Artificial Intelligence Lab for far less money than they could
+have had anywhere else. They got many kinds of nonmonetary rewards:
+fame and appreciation, for example. And creativity is also fun, a
+reward in itself.</p>
+
+<p>
+ Then most of them left when offered a chance to do the same
+interesting work for a lot of money.</p>
+
+<p>
+ What the facts show is that people will program for reasons other
+than riches; but if given a chance to make a lot of money as well, they
+will come to expect and demand it. Low-paying organizations do poorly
+in competition with high-paying ones, but they do not have to do badly
+if the high-paying ones are banned.</p>
+
+<p>
+<strong>“We need the programmers desperately. If they demand
+that we stop helping our neighbors, we have to
obey.”</strong></p>
+
+<p>
+ You're never so desperate that you have to obey this sort of demand.
+Remember: millions for defense, but not a cent for tribute!</p>
+
+<p>
+<strong>“Programmers need to make a living
somehow.”</strong></p>
+
+<p>
+ In the short run, this is true. However, there are plenty of ways
+that programmers could make a living without selling the right to use a
+program. This way is customary now because it brings programmers and
+businessmen the most money, not because it is the only way to make a
+living. It is easy to find other ways if you want to find them. Here
+are a number of examples.</p>
+
+<p>
+ A manufacturer introducing a new computer will pay for the porting of
+operating systems onto the new hardware.</p>
+
+<p>
+ The sale of teaching, handholding and maintenance services could
+also employ programmers.</p>
+
+<p>
+ People with new ideas could distribute programs as
+freeware<a href="#f7">(9)</a>, asking for donations from satisfied
+users, or selling handholding services. I have met people who are
+already working this way successfully.</p>
+
+<p>
+ Users with related needs can form users' groups, and pay dues. A
+group would contract with programming companies to write programs that
+the group's members would like to use.</p>
+
+<p>
+ All sorts of development can be funded with a Software Tax:</p>
+
+<p>
+ Suppose everyone who buys a computer has to pay x percent of the
+ price as a software tax. The government gives this to an agency
+ like the NSF to spend on software development.</p>
+
+<p>
+ But if the computer buyer makes a donation to software development
+ himself, he can take a credit against the tax. He can donate to
+ the project of his own choosing—often, chosen because he hopes to
+ use the results when it is done. He can take a credit for any
+ amount of donation up to the total tax he had to pay.</p>
+
+<p>
+ The total tax rate could be decided by a vote of the payers of the
+ tax, weighted according to the amount they will be taxed on.</p>
+
+<p>
+ The consequences:</p>
+
+<ul>
+<li>The computer-using community supports software
development.</li>
+<li>This community decides what level of support is needed.</li>
+<li>Users who care which projects their share is spent on can
+ choose this for themselves.</li>
+</ul>
+<p>
+ In the long run, making programs free is a step toward the
+postscarcity world, where nobody will have to work very hard just to
+make a living. People will be free to devote themselves to activities
+that are fun, such as programming, after spending the necessary ten
+hours a week on required tasks such as legislation, family counseling,
+robot repair and asteroid prospecting. There will be no need to be
+able to make a living from programming.</p>
+
+<p>
+ We have already greatly reduced the amount of work that the whole
+society must do for its actual productivity, but only a little of this
+has translated itself into leisure for workers because much
+nonproductive activity is required to accompany productive activity.
+The main causes of this are bureaucracy and isometric struggles against
+competition. Free software will greatly reduce these drains in the
+area of software production. We must do this, in order for technical
+gains in productivity to translate into less work for us.</p>
+
+
+<h4>Footnotes</h4>
+
+<!-- The anchors do not match the actual footnote numbers because of
+ revisions over time. And if a new footnote is added, the references
+ to existing footnotes that follow the new one must be changed. -->
+<ol>
+<li><a name="f1"></a>The wording here was careless. The
intention
+was that nobody would have to pay for <b>permission</b> to use the
GNU
+system. But the words don't make this clear, and people often
+interpret them as saying that copies of GNU should always be
+distributed at little or no charge. That was never the intent; later
+on, the manifesto mentions the possibility of companies providing the
+service of distribution for a profit. Subsequently I have learned to
+distinguish carefully between “free” in the sense of
+freedom and “free” in the sense of price. Free software
+is software that users have the freedom to distribute and change.
+Some users may obtain copies at no charge, while others pay to obtain
+copies—and if the funds help support improving the software, so much
+the better. The important thing is that everyone who has a copy has
+the freedom to cooperate with others in using it.</li>
+
+<li><a name="f2a"></a>The expression “give away”
is another
+indication that I had not yet clearly separated the issue of price
+from that of freedom. We now recommend avoiding this expression when
+talking about free software. See
+<a href="/philosophy/words-to-avoid.html#GiveAwaySoftware">
+<q>Confusing Words and Phrases</q></a> for more
explanation.</li>
+
+<li><a name="f2"></a>This is another place I failed to
distinguish
+carefully between the two different meanings of “free”.
+The statement as it stands is not false—you can get copies of GNU
+software at no charge, from your friends or over the net. But it does
+suggest the wrong idea.</li>
+
+<li><a name="f3"></a>Several such companies now
exist.</li>
+
+<li><a name="f4"></a> Although it is a
+charity rather than a company, the Free Software Foundation for 10 years raised
+most of its funds from its distribution service. You
+can <a href="/order/order.html">order things from the FSF</a>
+to support its work.
+</li>
+
+<li><a name="f5"></a>A group of computer companies pooled
funds
+around 1991 to support maintenance of the GNU C Compiler.</li>
+
+<li><a name="f8"></a>I think I was mistaken in saying that
proprietary
+software was the most common basis for making money in software.
+It seems that actually the most common business model was and is
+development of custom software. That does not offer the possibility
+of collecting rents, so the business has to keep doing real work
+in order to keep getting income. The custom software business would
+continue to exist, more or less unchanged, in a free software world.
+Therefore, I no longer expect that most paid programmers would earn less
+in a free software world.</li>
+
+<li><a name="f6"></a>In the 1980s I had not yet realized how
confusing
+it was to speak of “the issue” of “intellectual
+property”. That term is obviously biased; more subtle is the
+fact that it lumps together various disparate laws which raise very
+different issues. Nowadays I urge people to reject the term
+“intellectual property” entirely, lest it lead others to
+suppose that those laws form one coherent issue. The way to be clear
+is to discuss patents, copyrights, and trademarks separately.
+See <a href="/philosophy/not-ipr.html">further explanation</a> of
how
+this term spreads confusion and bias.</li>
+
+<li><a name="f7"></a>Subsequently we learned to distinguish
+between “free software” and “freeware”. The
+term “freeware” means software you are free to
+redistribute, but usually you are not free to study and change the
+source code, so most of it is not free software. See
+<a href="/philosophy/words-to-avoid.html#Freeware">
+<q>Confusing Words and Phrases</q></a> for more
explanation.</li>
+
+</ol>
+
+<span class="removed"><del><strong></div></strong></del></span>
+
+<span class="inserted"><ins><em></div><!-- for id="content", starts
in the include above --></em></ins></span>
+<!--#include virtual="/server/footer.html" -->
+<div id="footer">
+
+<span class="removed"><del><strong><p>
+Please</strong></del></span>
+
+<span class="inserted"><ins><em><p>Please</em></ins></span> send <span
class="inserted"><ins><em>general</em></ins></span> FSF & GNU inquiries to
+<a href="mailto:address@hidden"><address@hidden></a>.
+There are also <a href="/contact/">other ways to contact</a>
+the FSF.
+<span class="removed"><del><strong><br />
+Please send broken</strong></del></span> <span
class="inserted"><ins><em>Broken</em></ins></span> links and other corrections
or suggestions <span class="inserted"><ins><em>can be sent</em></ins></span>
+to <a <span
class="removed"><del><strong>href="mailto:address@hidden"><address@hidden></a>.
+</p>
+
+<p></strong></del></span> <span
class="inserted"><ins><em>href="mailto:address@hidden"><address@hidden></a>.</p>
+
+<p><!-- TRANSLATORS: Ignore the original text in this paragraph,
+ replace it with the translation of these two:
+
+ We work hard and do our best to provide accurate, good quality
+ translations. However, we are not exempt from imperfection.
+ Please send your comments and general suggestions in this regard
+ to <a href="mailto:address@hidden">
+ <address@hidden></a>.</p>
+
+ <p>For information on coordinating and submitting translations of
+ our web pages, see <a
+ href="/server/standards/README.translations.html">Translations
+ README</a>. --></em></ins></span>
+Please see the <a
+href="/server/standards/README.translations.html">Translations
+README</a> for information on coordinating and submitting translations
+of this <span class="removed"><del><strong>article.
+</p></strong></del></span> <span
class="inserted"><ins><em>article.</p>
+
+<!-- Regarding copyright, in general, standalone pages (as opposed to
+ files generated as part of manuals) on the GNU web server should
+ be under CC BY-ND 3.0 US. Please do NOT change or remove this
+ without talking with the webmasters or licensing team first.
+ Please make sure the copyright date is consistent with the
+ document. For web pages, it is ok to list just the latest year the
+ document was modified, or published.
+
+ If you wish to list earlier years, that is ok too.
+ Either "2001, 2002, 2003" or "2001-2003" are ok for specifying
+ years, as long as each year in the range is in fact a copyrightable
+ year, i.e., a year in which the document was published (including
+ being publicly visible on the web or in a revision control system).
+
+ There is more detail about copyright years in the GNU Maintainers
+ Information document, www.gnu.org/prep/maintain. --></em></ins></span>
+
+<p>Copyright © 1985, 1993, 2003, 2005, 2007, 2008, 2009, 2010
+Free Software Foundation, <span class="removed"><del><strong>Inc.
+</p></strong></del></span> <span
class="inserted"><ins><em>Inc.</p></em></ins></span>
+
+<p>
+Permission is granted to anyone to make or distribute verbatim copies
+of this document, in any medium, provided that the copyright notice and
+permission notice are preserved, and that the distributor grants the
+recipient permission for further redistribution as permitted by this
+notice.
+<br />
+Modified versions may not be made.
+</p>
+
+<!--#include virtual="/server/bottom-notes.html" -->
+
+<p>Updated:
+<!-- timestamp start -->
+$Date: 2013/04/12 07:05:36 $
+<!-- timestamp end -->
+</p>
+</div>
+</div>
+</body>
+</html>
+</pre></body></html>
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