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www/gnu/po rms-lisp.ru.po
From: |
Pavel Kharitonov |
Subject: |
www/gnu/po rms-lisp.ru.po |
Date: |
Thu, 28 Feb 2013 05:03:01 +0000 |
CVSROOT: /web/www
Module name: www
Changes by: Pavel Kharitonov <ineiev> 13/02/28 05:03:01
Added files:
gnu/po : rms-lisp.ru.po
Log message:
New translation.
CVSWeb URLs:
http://web.cvs.savannah.gnu.org/viewcvs/www/gnu/po/rms-lisp.ru.po?cvsroot=www&rev=1.1
Patches:
Index: rms-lisp.ru.po
===================================================================
RCS file: rms-lisp.ru.po
diff -N rms-lisp.ru.po
--- /dev/null 1 Jan 1970 00:00:00 -0000
+++ rms-lisp.ru.po 28 Feb 2013 05:03:00 -0000 1.1
@@ -0,0 +1,1204 @@
+# Russian translation of http://www.gnu.org/gnu/rms-lisp.html
+# Copyright (C) 2013 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
+# This file is distributed under the same license as the original article.
+# Ineiev <address@hidden>, 2012, 2013
+# this translation lacks appropriate review
+#
+msgid ""
+msgstr ""
+"Project-Id-Version: rms-lisp.html\n"
+"POT-Creation-Date: 2013-02-11 02:01-0500\n"
+"PO-Revision-Date: 2013-02-26 17:34+0000\n"
+"Last-Translator: Ineiev <address@hidden>\n"
+"Language-Team: Russian <address@hidden>\n"
+"Language: ru\n"
+"MIME-Version: 1.0\n"
+"Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8\n"
+"Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit\n"
+
+#. type: Content of: <title>
+msgid ""
+"My Lisp Experiences and the Development of GNU Emacs - GNU Project - Free "
+"Software Foundation"
+msgstr ""
+"Ðой опÑÑ ÑабоÑÑ Ñ ÐиÑпом и ÑазвиÑие GNU Emacs -
ÐÑÐ¾ÐµÐºÑ GNU - Фонд Ñвободного "
+"пÑогÑаммного обеÑпеÑениÑ"
+
+#. type: Content of: <h2>
+msgid "My Lisp Experiences and the Development of GNU Emacs"
+msgstr "Ðой опÑÑ ÑабоÑÑ Ñ ÐиÑпом и ÑазвиÑие GNU
Emacs"
+
+#. type: Content of: <blockquote><p>
+msgid ""
+"(Transcript of Richard Stallman's Speech, 28 Oct 2002, at the International "
+"Lisp Conference)."
+msgstr ""
+"(ÐапиÑÑ ÑеÑи РиÑаÑда СÑолмена,
28 окÑÑбÑÑ 2002 года на "
+"ÐеждÑнаÑодной конÑеÑенÑии по ÐиÑпÑ)."
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"Since none of my usual speeches have anything to do with Lisp, none of them "
+"were appropriate for today. So I'm going to have to wing it. Since I've "
+"done enough things in my career connected with Lisp I should be able to say "
+"something interesting."
+msgstr ""
+"ÐоÑколÑÐºÑ Ð½Ð¸ одна из моиÑ
обÑÑнÑÑ
ÑеÑей не
Ð¸Ð¼ÐµÐµÑ Ð½Ð¸ÐºÐ°ÐºÐ¾Ð³Ð¾ оÑноÑÐµÐ½Ð¸Ñ Ðº ÐиÑпÑ, "
+"ни одна из ниÑ
не подÑ
Ð¾Ð´Ð¸Ñ Ð´Ð»Ñ
ÑегоднÑÑнего вÑÑÑÑплениÑ. Так ÑÑо мне "
+"пÑидеÑÑÑ Ð¸Ð¼Ð¿ÑовизиÑоваÑÑ. ÐоÑколÑÐºÑ Ð²
Ñвоей пÑоÑеÑÑионалÑной деÑÑелÑноÑÑи "
+"мне доводилоÑÑ Ð²ÑполнÑÑÑ Ð´Ð¾Ð²Ð¾Ð»Ñно много
ÑабоÑÑ, ÑвÑзанной Ñ ÐиÑпом, Ñ Ð¼ÐµÐ½Ñ, "
+"должно бÑÑÑ, еÑÑÑ ÑÑо поÑаÑÑказаÑÑ."
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"My first experience with Lisp was when I read the Lisp 1.5 manual in high "
+"school. That's when I had my mind blown by the idea that there could be a "
+"computer language like that. The first time I had a chance to do anything "
+"with Lisp was when I was a freshman at Harvard and I wrote a Lisp "
+"interpreter for the <abbr title=\"Programmed Data Processor\">PDP</abbr>-11. "
+"It was a very small machine — it had something like 8k of memory "
+"— and I managed to write the interpreter in a thousand instructions. "
+"This gave me some room for a little bit of data. That was before I got to "
+"see what real software was like, that did real system jobs."
+msgstr ""
+"ÐÐ¾Ñ Ð¿ÐµÑÐ²Ð°Ñ Ð²ÑÑÑеÑа Ñ ÐиÑпом пÑоизоÑла,
когда Ñ Ð¿ÑоÑел ÑÑководÑÑво по "
+"ÐиÑп 1.5 в ÑÑаÑÑиÑ
клаÑÑаÑ
. Ðменно Ñогда
Ð¼ÐµÐ½Ñ Ð¿Ð¾Ñазила идеÑ, ÑÑо Ð¼Ð¾Ð¶ÐµÑ "
+"бÑÑÑ Ñакой ÑзÑк пÑогÑаммиÑованиÑ.
ÐозможноÑÑÑ ÑделаÑÑ ÑÑо-нибÑÐ´Ñ Ð½Ð° ÐиÑпе "
+"впеÑвÑе поÑвилаÑÑ Ñ Ð¼ÐµÐ½Ñ, когда Ñ Ð±Ñл на
младÑиÑ
кÑÑÑаÑ
в ÐаÑваÑде и пиÑал "
+"инÑеÑпÑеÑаÑÐ¾Ñ ÐиÑпа Ð´Ð»Ñ PDP-11. ÐÑо бÑла
оÑÐµÐ½Ñ Ð¼Ð°Ð»ÐµÐ½ÑÐºÐ°Ñ Ð¼Ð°Ñина — "
+"в ней бÑло ÑÑо-Ñо вÑоде 8k памÑÑи,— и мне
ÑдалоÑÑ Ð½Ð°Ð¿Ð¸ÑаÑÑ "
+"инÑеÑпÑеÑаÑÐ¾Ñ Ð´Ð»Ð¸Ð½Ð¾Ð¹ в ÑÑÑÑÑÑ ÐºÐ¾Ð¼Ð°Ð½Ð´. ÐÑо
оÑÑавлÑло мне немного меÑÑа Ð´Ð»Ñ "
+"даннÑÑ
. ÐÑо бÑло до Ñого, как Ñ Ñзнал, как
вÑглÑдÑÑ Ð½Ð°ÑÑоÑÑие пÑогÑаммÑ, "
+"коÑоÑÑе вÑполнÑÑÑ Ð½Ð°ÑÑоÑÑие ÑиÑÑемнÑе
задаÑи."
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"I began doing work on a real Lisp implementation with JonL White once I "
+"started working at <abbr title=\"Massachusetts Institute of Technology"
+"\">MIT</abbr>. I got hired at the Artificial Intelligence Lab not by JonL, "
+"but by Russ Noftsker, which was most ironic considering what was to come "
+"— he must have really regretted that day."
+msgstr ""
+"Я наÑал вÑполнÑÑÑ ÑабоÑÑ Ð½Ð°Ð´ наÑÑоÑÑей
ÑеализаÑией ÐиÑпа Ñ Ðжоном-РУайÑом, "
+"как ÑолÑко Ñ Ð½Ð°Ñал ÑабоÑаÑÑ Ð²
ÐаÑÑаÑÑÑеÑÑком ÑеÑ
ниÑеÑком инÑÑиÑÑÑе.
ТÑда "
+"Ð¼ÐµÐ½Ñ Ð¿ÑинÑл не Ðжон-Ð, а РаÑÑелл ÐоÑÑÑкеÑ,
ÑÑо бÑло в вÑÑÑей ÑÑепени "
+"паÑадокÑалÑно, еÑли ÑÑеÑÑÑ Ñо, ÑÑо
ÑлÑÑилоÑÑ Ð²Ð¿Ð¾ÑледÑÑвии — он, "
+"должно бÑÑÑ, ÑилÑно об ÑÑом пожалел."
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"During the 1970s, before my life became politicized by horrible events, I "
+"was just going along making one extension after another for various "
+"programs, and most of them did not have anything to do with Lisp. But, along "
+"the way, I wrote a text editor, Emacs. The interesting idea about Emacs was "
+"that it had a programming language, and the user's editing commands would be "
+"written in that interpreted programming language, so that you could load new "
+"commands into your editor while you were editing. You could edit the "
+"programs you were using and then go on editing with them. So, we had a "
+"system that was useful for things other than programming, and yet you could "
+"program it while you were using it. I don't know if it was the first one of "
+"those, but it certainly was the first editor like that."
+msgstr ""
+"Ð ÑемидеÑÑÑÑе Ð³Ð¾Ð´Ñ XX века, до Ñого, как
Ð¼Ð¾Ñ Ð¶Ð¸Ð·Ð½Ñ Ð¿Ð¾Ð»Ð¸ÑизиÑовалаÑÑ Ð² "
+"ÑезÑлÑÑаÑе ÑжаÑнÑÑ
ÑобÑÑий, Ñ Ð¿ÑоÑÑо
делал одно ÑаÑÑиÑение ÑазлиÑнÑÑ
"
+"пÑогÑамм за дÑÑгим, и болÑÑинÑÑво из ниÑ
не имело никакого оÑноÑÐµÐ½Ð¸Ñ Ðº "
+"ÐиÑпÑ. Ðо попÑÑно Ñ Ð¿Ð¸Ñал ÑекÑÑовÑй
ÑедакÑоÑ, Emacs. ÐнÑеÑеÑÐ½Ð°Ñ Ð¼ÑÑлÑ, "
+"Ð·Ð°Ð»Ð¾Ð¶ÐµÐ½Ð½Ð°Ñ Ð² Emacs, ÑоÑÑоÑла в Ñом, ÑÑо в нем
бÑл ÑзÑк пÑогÑаммиÑованиÑ, и "
+"полÑзоваÑелÑÑкие ÐºÐ¾Ð¼Ð°Ð½Ð´Ñ ÑедакÑиÑованиÑ
пиÑалиÑÑ Ð½Ð° ÑÑом инÑеÑпÑеÑиÑÑемом "
+"ÑзÑке пÑогÑаммиÑованиÑ, Ñак ÑÑо во вÑемÑ
ÑедакÑиÑÐ¾Ð²Ð°Ð½Ð¸Ñ Ð² ÑедакÑÐ¾Ñ Ð¼Ð¾Ð¶Ð½Ð¾ "
+"бÑло загÑÑжаÑÑ Ð½Ð¾Ð²Ñе командÑ. Ðожно бÑло
подÑедакÑиÑоваÑÑ Ð¿ÑогÑаммÑ, "
+"коÑоÑÑми полÑзÑеÑÑÑÑ, а поÑом пÑодолжаÑÑ
ÑедакÑиÑоваÑÑ Ð¸Ð¼Ð¸. ÐÑак, Ñ Ð½Ð°Ñ Ð±Ñла "
+"ÑиÑÑема, Ð¿Ð¾Ð»ÐµÐ·Ð½Ð°Ñ Ð½Ðµ длÑ
пÑогÑаммиÑованиÑ, и вÑе-Ñаки во вÑемÑ
полÑÐ·Ð¾Ð²Ð°Ð½Ð¸Ñ "
+"ÐµÑ Ð¼Ð¾Ð¶Ð½Ð¾ бÑло пÑогÑаммиÑоваÑÑ. Я не знаÑ,
бÑла ли ÑÑо пеÑÐ²Ð°Ñ ÑÐ°ÐºÐ°Ñ ÑиÑÑема, "
+"но ÑÑо опÑеделенно бÑл пеÑвÑй Ñакой
ÑедакÑоÑ."
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"This spirit of building up gigantic, complicated programs to use in your own "
+"editing, and then exchanging them with other people, fueled the spirit of "
+"free-wheeling cooperation that we had at the AI Lab then. The idea was that "
+"you could give a copy of any program you had to someone who wanted a copy of "
+"it. We shared programs to whomever wanted to use them, they were human "
+"knowledge. So even though there was no organized political thought relating "
+"the way we shared software to the design of Emacs, I'm convinced that there "
+"was a connection between them, an unconscious connection perhaps. I think "
+"that it's the nature of the way we lived at the AI Lab that led to Emacs and "
+"made it what it was."
+msgstr ""
+"ÐÑа аÑмоÑÑеÑа поÑÑÑÐ¾ÐµÐ½Ð¸Ñ Ð³Ð¸Ð³Ð°Ð½ÑÑкиÑ
,
ÑложнÑÑ
пÑогÑамм Ð´Ð»Ñ Ð¿ÑÐ¸Ð¼ÐµÐ½ÐµÐ½Ð¸Ñ Ð² Ñвоем "
+"ÑобÑÑвенном ÑедакÑиÑовании, а заÑем
обмена ими Ñ Ð´ÑÑгими лÑдÑми, пиÑала дÑÑ
"
+"неÑÑеÑненного ÑоÑÑÑдниÑеÑÑва, коÑоÑÑй
ÑаÑил Ñогда в ÐабоÑаÑоÑии "
+"иÑкÑÑÑÑвенного инÑеллекÑа. ÐÐ´ÐµÑ Ð±Ñла в
Ñом, ÑÑо можно пеÑедаÑÑ ÐºÐ¾Ð¿Ð¸Ñ "
+"пÑогÑаммÑ, коÑоÑÐ°Ñ Ñ ÑÐµÐ±Ñ ÐµÑÑÑ, ÑомÑ, комÑ
она нÑжна. ÐÑ Ð¾Ð±Ð¼ÐµÐ½Ð¸Ð²Ð°Ð»Ð¸ÑÑ "
+"пÑогÑаммами Ñо вÑеми, кÑо ÑолÑко Ñ
оÑел ими
полÑзоваÑÑÑÑ, пÑогÑÐ°Ð¼Ð¼Ñ Ð±Ñли "
+"ÑеловеÑеÑким знанием. Так ÑÑо, Ñ
оÑÑ Ð¸ не
бÑло оÑганизованной полиÑиÑеÑкой "
+"мÑÑли, ÑвÑзÑваÑÑей Ñо, как Ð¼Ñ Ð¾Ð±Ð¼ÐµÐ½Ð¸Ð²Ð°Ð»Ð¸ÑÑ
пÑогÑаммами, Ñ ÑÑÑÑойÑÑвом Emacs, "
+"Ñ Ñбежден, ÑÑо Ð¼ÐµÐ¶Ð´Ñ Ð½Ð¸Ð¼Ð¸ бÑла
ÑвÑÐ·Ñ — возможно, неоÑознаннаÑ. Я "
+"дÑмаÑ, ÑÑо именно пÑиÑода наÑего обÑаза
жизни в ÐабоÑаÑоÑии иÑкÑÑÑÑвенного "
+"инÑеллекÑа пÑивела к ÑÐ¾Ð·Ð´Ð°Ð½Ð¸Ñ Emacs и
Ñделала его Ñаким, каким он бÑл."
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"The original Emacs did not have Lisp in it. The lower level language, the "
+"non-interpreted language — was <abbr>PDP</abbr>-10 Assembler. The "
+"interpreter we wrote in that actually wasn't written for Emacs, it was "
+"written for <acronym title=\"Text Editor and COrrector\">TECO</acronym>. It "
+"was our text editor, and was an extremely ugly programming language, as ugly "
+"as could possibly be. The reason was that it wasn't designed to be a "
+"programming language, it was designed to be an editor and command language. "
+"There were commands like ‘5l’, meaning ‘move five "
+"lines’, or ‘i’ and then a string and then an ESC to insert "
+"that string. You would type a string that was a series of commands, which "
+"was called a command string. You would end it with ESC ESC, and it would get "
+"executed."
+msgstr ""
+"РпеÑвонаÑалÑном Emacs ÐиÑпа не бÑло. ЯзÑком
низкого ÑÑÐ¾Ð²Ð½Ñ — "
+"неинÑеÑпÑеÑиÑÑемÑм ÑзÑком — бÑл
аÑÑÐµÐ¼Ð±Ð»ÐµÑ PDP-10. ÐнÑеÑпÑеÑаÑоÑ, "
+"коÑоÑÑй Ð¼Ñ Ð¿Ð¸Ñали, на Ñамом деле пиÑалÑÑ
не Ð´Ð»Ñ Emacs, он пиÑалÑÑ Ð´Ð»Ñ "
+"TECO <a href=\"#tf1\">[1]</a>. ÐÑо бÑл Ð½Ð°Ñ ÑекÑÑовÑй
ÑедакÑÐ¾Ñ Ð¸ кÑайне "
+"ÑÑодливÑй ÑзÑк пÑогÑаммиÑованиÑ,
наÑÑолÑко ÑÑодливÑй, наÑколÑко ÑÑо ÑолÑко "
+"возможно. ÐÑиÑина бÑла в Ñом, ÑÑо он не бÑл
ÑпÑоекÑиÑован как ÑзÑк "
+"пÑогÑаммиÑованиÑ, он бÑл ÑпÑоекÑиÑован
как ÑзÑк ÑедакÑоÑа и команд. ÐÑли "
+"Ñакие командÑ, как “5l”, ÑÑо ознаÑало
“пеÑедвинÑÑÑÑÑ Ð½Ð° "
+"пÑÑÑ ÑÑÑок”, или “i” Ñ Ð¿Ð¾ÑледÑÑÑим
ÑекÑÑом и <em>ESC</em> "
+"Ð´Ð»Ñ Ñого, ÑÑÐ¾Ð±Ñ Ð²ÑÑавиÑÑ ÑÑÐ¾Ñ ÑекÑÑ. Ðожно
бÑло набÑаÑÑ ÑÑÑокÑ, коÑоÑÐ°Ñ Ð±Ñла "
+"поÑледоваÑелÑноÑÑÑÑ ÐºÐ¾Ð¼Ð°Ð½Ð´, ÑÑо
назÑвалоÑÑ ÐºÐ¾Ð¼Ð°Ð½Ð´Ð½Ð¾Ð¹ ÑÑÑокой. Ðна "
+"завеÑÑалаÑÑ Ñимволами <em>ESC</em> <em>ESC</em>, и
Ñогда поÑледоваÑелÑноÑÑÑ "
+"вÑполнÑлаÑÑ."
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"Well, people wanted to extend this language with programming facilities, so "
+"they added some. For instance, one of the first was a looping construct, "
+"which was < >. You would put those around things and it would loop. "
+"There were other cryptic commands that could be used to conditionally exit "
+"the loop. To make Emacs, we <a href=\"#foot-1\">(1)</a> added facilities to "
+"have subroutines with names. Before that, it was sort of like Basic, and the "
+"subroutines could only have single letters as their names. That was hard to "
+"program big programs with, so we added code so they could have longer names. "
+"Actually, there were some rather sophisticated facilities; I think that Lisp "
+"got its unwind-protect facility from <acronym>TECO</acronym>."
+msgstr ""
+"ÐÑ, лÑди Ñ
оÑели дополниÑÑ ÑÑÐ¾Ñ ÑзÑк
ÑÑедÑÑвами пÑогÑаммиÑованиÑ, Ñак ÑÑо они "
+"добавили некоÑоÑÑе Ñакие ÑÑедÑÑва.
ÐапÑимеÑ, одной из пеÑвÑÑ
бÑла добавлена "
+"конÑÑÑÑкÑÐ¸Ñ Ñикла, ÑÑо бÑли <em><</em>
<em>></em>. Ðми окÑÑжали "
+"командÑ, и ÑÑо бÑл Ñикл. ÐÑли дÑÑгие
непонÑÑнÑе командÑ, коÑоÑÑми можно бÑло "
+"полÑзоваÑÑÑÑ Ð´Ð»Ñ ÑÑловного вÑÑ
ода из
Ñикла. ÐÑи Ñоздании Emacs Ð¼Ñ <a "
+"href=\"#foot-1\">(1)</a> добавили возможноÑÑÑ
ÑÐ¾Ð·Ð´Ð°Ð½Ð¸Ñ Ð¿Ð¾Ð´Ð¿ÑогÑамм Ñ "
+"именами. Ðо Ñого ÑÑо бÑло вÑоде ÐейÑика, в
именаÑ
подпÑогÑамм могло бÑÑÑ "
+"ÑолÑко по одной бÑкве. ÐиÑаÑÑ Ð½Ð° ÑÑом
болÑÑие пÑогÑÐ°Ð¼Ð¼Ñ Ð±Ñло ÑÑÑдно, Ñак ÑÑо "
+"Ð¼Ñ Ð´Ð¾Ð¿Ð¸Ñали пÑогÑаммÑ, ÑÑÐ¾Ð±Ñ Ñ Ð½Ð¸Ñ
могли
бÑÑÑ Ð±Ð¾Ð»ÐµÐµ длиннÑе имена. Ðа Ñамом "
+"деле Ñам бÑли доволÑно замÑÑловаÑÑе
ÑÑедÑÑва; по-моемÑ, ÑÑедÑÑво “"
+"unwind-protect” ÐиÑп заимÑÑвовал из TECO."
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"We started putting in rather sophisticated facilities, all with the ugliest "
+"syntax you could ever think of, and it worked — people were able to "
+"write large programs in it anyway. The obvious lesson was that a language "
+"like <acronym>TECO</acronym>, which wasn't designed to be a programming "
+"language, was the wrong way to go. The language that you build your "
+"extensions on shouldn't be thought of as a programming language in "
+"afterthought; it should be designed as a programming language. In fact, we "
+"discovered that the best programming language for that purpose was Lisp."
+msgstr ""
+"ÐÑ Ð½Ð°Ñали закладÑваÑÑ Ð´Ð¾Ð²Ð¾Ð»Ñно
замÑÑловаÑÑе ÑÑедÑÑва, и Ñ Ð²ÑеÑ
Ñ Ð½Ð¸Ñ
бÑл "
+"ÑÑодливейÑий ÑинÑакÑиÑ, какой ÑолÑко
можно пÑидÑмаÑÑ, и ÑÑо ÑабоÑало "
+"— лÑди вÑе Ñавно бÑли в ÑоÑÑоÑнии
пиÑаÑÑ Ð½Ð° ÑÑом кÑÑпнÑе пÑогÑаммÑ. "
+"ÐÑевиднÑм ÑÑоком бÑло Ñо, ÑÑо Ñакой ÑзÑк,
как TECO, коÑоÑÑй не бÑл "
+"ÑпÑоекÑиÑован как ÑзÑк
пÑогÑаммиÑованиÑ,— ÑÑо бÑл невеÑнÑй
пÑÑÑ. ЯзÑк, "
+"на коÑоÑом Ð²Ñ ÑÑÑоиÑе Ñвои ÑаÑÑиÑениÑ,
должен задÑмÑваÑÑÑÑ ÐºÐ°Ðº ÑзÑк "
+"пÑогÑаммиÑÐ¾Ð²Ð°Ð½Ð¸Ñ Ð½Ðµ задним ÑиÑлом; его
ÑледÑÐµÑ Ð¿ÑоекÑиÑоваÑÑ ÐºÐ°Ðº ÑзÑк "
+"пÑогÑаммиÑованиÑ. ФакÑиÑеÑки, мÑ
обнаÑÑжили, ÑÑо лÑÑÑим ÑзÑком "
+"пÑогÑаммиÑÐ¾Ð²Ð°Ð½Ð¸Ñ Ð´Ð»Ñ ÑÑиÑ
Ñелей бÑл ÐиÑп."
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"It was Bernie Greenberg, who discovered that it was <a href=\"#foot-2\">(2)</"
+"a>. He wrote a version of Emacs in Multics MacLisp, and he wrote his "
+"commands in MacLisp in a straightforward fashion. The editor itself was "
+"written entirely in Lisp. Multics Emacs proved to be a great success — "
+"programming new editing commands was so convenient that even the secretaries "
+"in his office started learning how to use it. They used a manual someone had "
+"written which showed how to extend Emacs, but didn't say it was a "
+"programming. So the secretaries, who believed they couldn't do programming, "
+"weren't scared off. They read the manual, discovered they could do useful "
+"things and they learned to program."
+msgstr ""
+"ÐÑо оÑкÑÑл ÐеÑни ÐÑинбеÑг <a
href=\"#foot-2\">(2)</a>. Ðн напиÑал "
+"веÑÑÐ¸Ñ Emacs на MacLisp в Multics, и он пиÑал Ñвои
пÑогÑÐ°Ð¼Ð¼Ñ Ð½Ð° MacLisp "
+"пÑÑмолинейнÑм манеÑом. Сам ÑедакÑÐ¾Ñ Ð±Ñл
полноÑÑÑÑ Ð½Ð°Ð¿Ð¸Ñан на ÐиÑпе. Emacs "
+"Ð´Ð»Ñ Multics имел болÑÑой ÑÑпеÑ
—
пÑогÑаммиÑование новÑÑ
команд "
+"ÑедакÑиÑÐ¾Ð²Ð°Ð½Ð¸Ñ Ð±Ñло Ñаким ÑдобнÑм, ÑÑо
даже ÑекÑеÑаÑÑи в его конÑоÑе наÑали "
+"ÑÑиÑÑÑÑ Ð¿Ð¾Ð»ÑÐ·Ð¾Ð²Ð°Ð½Ð¸Ñ Ð¸Ð¼. Ðни полÑзовалиÑÑ
ÑÑководÑÑвом, коÑоÑое кÑо-Ñо "
+"напиÑал и в коÑоÑом бÑло показано, как
дополнÑÑÑ Emacs, но Ñам не "
+"говоÑилоÑÑ, ÑÑо ÑÑо пÑогÑаммиÑование. Так
ÑÑо ÑекÑеÑаÑÑ, коÑоÑÑе дÑмали, ÑÑо "
+"не могÑÑ Ð¿ÑогÑаммиÑоваÑÑ, ÑÑо не
оÑпÑгивало. Ðни ÑиÑали ÑÑководÑÑво, "
+"обнаÑÑживали, ÑÑо могÑÑ Ð´ÐµÐ»Ð°ÑÑ ÑÑо-Ñо
полезное, и ÑÑилиÑÑ Ð¿ÑогÑаммиÑоваÑÑ."
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"So Bernie saw that an application — a program that does something "
+"useful for you — which has Lisp inside it and which you could extend "
+"by rewriting the Lisp programs, is actually a very good way for people to "
+"learn programming. It gives them a chance to write small programs that are "
+"useful for them, which in most arenas you can't possibly do. They can get "
+"encouragement for their own practical use — at the stage where it's "
+"the hardest — where they don't believe they can program, until they "
+"get to the point where they are programmers."
+msgstr ""
+"Так ÑÑо ÐеÑни понÑл, ÑÑо пÑиложение—
пÑогÑамма, коÑоÑÐ°Ñ Ð´ÐµÐ»Ð°ÐµÑ ÑÑо-Ñо "
+"полезное Ð´Ð»Ñ Ð²Ð°Ñ — внÑÑÑи коÑоÑого
бÑл ÐиÑп и коÑоÑое Ð²Ñ Ð¼Ð¾Ð¶ÐµÑе "
+"дополнÑÑÑ, пеÑепиÑÑÐ²Ð°Ñ Ð¿ÑогÑÐ°Ð¼Ð¼Ñ Ð½Ð°
ÐиÑпе,— на Ñамом деле оÑÐµÐ½Ñ "
+"Ñ
оÑоÑий ÑпоÑоб наÑÑиÑÑÑÑ
пÑогÑаммиÑоваÑÑ. ÐÑо Ð´Ð°ÐµÑ Ð»ÑдÑм
возможноÑÑÑ Ð¿Ð¸ÑаÑÑ "
+"неболÑÑие пÑогÑаммÑ, коÑоÑÑе Ð´Ð»Ñ Ð½Ð¸Ñ
полезнÑ, Ñего в болÑÑинÑÑве облаÑÑей "
+"вÑ, навеÑное, не можеÑе. Ðни могÑÑ Ð¿Ð¾Ð»ÑÑаÑÑ
пооÑÑение Ð¾Ñ Ð¿ÑакÑиÑеÑкой полÑÐ·Ñ "
+"Ð´Ð»Ñ Ð½Ð¸Ñ
ÑамиÑ
на ÑÑадии, где ÑÑо ÑÑÑднее
вÑего — когда они не "
+"дÑмаÑÑ, ÑÑо могÑÑ Ð¿ÑогÑаммиÑоваÑÑ,—
пока они не дойдÑÑ Ð´Ð¾ ÑоÑки, в "
+"коÑоÑой они Ñже ÑÑали пÑогÑаммиÑÑами."
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"At that point, people began to wonder how they could get something like this "
+"on a platform where they didn't have full service Lisp implementation. "
+"Multics MacLisp had a compiler as well as an interpreter — it was a "
+"full-fledged Lisp system — but people wanted to implement something "
+"like that on other systems where they had not already written a Lisp "
+"compiler. Well, if you didn't have the Lisp compiler you couldn't write the "
+"whole editor in Lisp — it would be too slow, especially redisplay, if "
+"it had to run interpreted Lisp. So we developed a hybrid technique. The "
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+"instance, there was a <acronym>TECO</acronym> primitive to fill a paragraph "
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+"the less time-consuming parts of the job would be done at the higher level "
+"by a <acronym>TECO</acronym> program). You could do the whole job by writing "
+"a <acronym>TECO</acronym> program, but that was too slow, so we optimized it "
+"by putting part of it in machine language. We used the same idea here (in "
+"the hybrid technique), that most of the editor would be written in Lisp, but "
+"certain parts of it that had to run particularly fast would be written at a "
+"lower level."
+msgstr ""
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+"вÑполнÑÑÑ Ð¾Ñобенно бÑÑÑÑо, бÑдÑÑ Ð½Ð°Ð¿Ð¸ÑанÑ
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+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"Therefore, when I wrote my second implementation of Emacs, I followed the "
+"same kind of design. The low level language was not machine language "
+"anymore, it was C. C was a good, efficient language for portable programs to "
+"run in a Unix-like operating system. There was a Lisp interpreter, but I "
+"implemented facilities for special purpose editing jobs directly in C "
+"— manipulating editor buffers, inserting leading text, reading and "
+"writing files, redisplaying the buffer on the screen, managing editor "
+"windows."
+msgstr ""
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+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"Now, this was not the first Emacs that was written in C and ran on Unix. The "
+"first was written by James Gosling, and was referred to as GosMacs. A "
+"strange thing happened with him. In the beginning, he seemed to be "
+"influenced by the same spirit of sharing and cooperation of the original "
+"Emacs. I first released the original Emacs to people at <abbr>MIT</abbr>. "
+"Someone wanted to port it to run on Twenex — it originally only ran on "
+"the Incompatible Timesharing System we used at <abbr>MIT</abbr>. They ported "
+"it to Twenex, which meant that there were a few hundred installations around "
+"the world that could potentially use it. We started distributing it to them, "
+"with the rule that “you had to send back all of your "
+"improvements” so we could all benefit. No one ever tried to enforce "
+"that, but as far as I know people did cooperate."
+msgstr ""
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+"ÐеÑвÑй бÑл напиÑан ÐжеймÑом ÐоÑлингом,
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+"ÑÑого, но наÑколÑко Ñ Ð·Ð½Ð°Ñ, лÑди
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+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"Gosling did, at first, seem to participate in this spirit. He wrote in a "
+"manual that he called the program Emacs hoping that others in the community "
+"would improve it until it was worthy of that name. That's the right approach "
+"to take towards a community — to ask them to join in and make the "
+"program better. But after that he seemed to change the spirit, and sold it "
+"to a company."
+msgstr ""
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+"пÑодал пÑогÑÐ°Ð¼Ð¼Ñ Ð¾Ð´Ð½Ð¾Ð¹ компании."
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"At that time I was working on the GNU system (a free software Unix-like "
+"operating system that many people erroneously call “Linux”). "
+"There was no free software Emacs editor that ran on Unix. I did, however, "
+"have a friend who had participated in developing Gosling's Emacs. Gosling "
+"had given him, by email, permission to distribute his own version. He "
+"proposed to me that I use that version. Then I discovered that Gosling's "
+"Emacs did not have a real Lisp. It had a programming language that was known "
+"as ‘mocklisp’, which looks syntactically like Lisp, but didn't "
+"have the data structures of Lisp. So programs were not data, and vital "
+"elements of Lisp were missing. Its data structures were strings, numbers "
+"and a few other specialized things."
+msgstr ""
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+"Unix, коÑоÑÑÑ Ð¼Ð½Ð¾Ð³Ð¸Ðµ оÑибоÑно назÑваÑÑ
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+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"I concluded I couldn't use it and had to replace it all, the first step of "
+"which was to write an actual Lisp interpreter. I gradually adapted every "
+"part of the editor based on real Lisp data structures, rather than ad hoc "
+"data structures, making the data structures of the internals of the editor "
+"exposable and manipulable by the user's Lisp programs."
+msgstr ""
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+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"The one exception was redisplay. For a long time, redisplay was sort of an "
+"alternate world. The editor would enter the world of redisplay and things "
+"would go on with very special data structures that were not safe for garbage "
+"collection, not safe for interruption, and you couldn't run any Lisp "
+"programs during that. We've changed that since — it's now possible to "
+"run Lisp code during redisplay. It's quite a convenient thing."
+msgstr ""
+"ÐдинÑÑвеннÑм иÑклÑÑением бÑла
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+"пеÑеÑиÑовки. ÐÑо оÑÐµÐ½Ñ Ñдобно."
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"This second Emacs program was ‘free software’ in the modern "
+"sense of the term — it was part of an explicit political campaign to "
+"make software free. The essence of this campaign was that everybody should "
+"be free to do the things we did in the old days at <abbr>MIT</abbr>, working "
+"together on software and working with whomever wanted to work with us. That "
+"is the basis for the free software movement — the experience I had, "
+"the life that I've lived at the <abbr>MIT</abbr> AI lab — to be "
+"working on human knowledge, and not be standing in the way of anybody's "
+"further using and further disseminating human knowledge."
+msgstr ""
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+"и далÑнейÑÐµÐ¼Ñ ÑаÑпÑоÑÑÑанениÑ
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+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"At the time, you could make a computer that was about the same price range "
+"as other computers that weren't meant for Lisp, except that it would run "
+"Lisp much faster than they would, and with full type checking in every "
+"operation as well. Ordinary computers typically forced you to choose between "
+"execution speed and good typechecking. So yes, you could have a Lisp "
+"compiler and run your programs fast, but when they tried to take <tt>car</"
+"tt> of a number, it got nonsensical results and eventually crashed at some "
+"point."
+msgstr ""
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+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"The Lisp machine was able to execute instructions about as fast as those "
+"other machines, but each instruction — a car instruction would do data "
+"typechecking — so when you tried to get the car of a number in a "
+"compiled program, it would give you an immediate error. We built the machine "
+"and had a Lisp operating system for it. It was written almost entirely in "
+"Lisp, the only exceptions being parts written in the microcode. People "
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+"company."
+msgstr ""
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+"ÑоздаÑÑ ÐºÐ¾Ð¼Ð¿Ð°Ð½Ð¸Ñ."
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
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+"There were two different ideas about what this company should be like. "
+"Greenblatt wanted to start what he called a “hacker” company. "
+"This meant it would be a company run by hackers and would operate in a way "
+"conducive to hackers. Another goal was to maintain the AI Lab culture <a "
+"href=\"#foot-3\">(3)</a>. Unfortunately, Greenblatt didn't have any "
+"business experience, so other people in the Lisp machine group said they "
+"doubted whether he could succeed. They thought that his plan to avoid "
+"outside investment wouldn't work."
+msgstr ""
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+"как он планиÑовал, не ÑдаÑÑÑÑ."
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"Why did he want to avoid outside investment? Because when a company has "
+"outside investors, they take control and they don't let you have any "
+"scruples. And eventually, if you have any scruples, they also replace you as "
+"the manager."
+msgstr ""
+"Ðо поÑÐµÐ¼Ñ Ð¾Ð½ Ñ
оÑел избежаÑÑ Ð²Ð½ÐµÑниÑ
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+"компании еÑÑÑ Ð²Ð½ÐµÑние вкладÑики, они
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+"в конÑе конÑов поÑÑавÑÑ Ð½Ð° ÑÑководÑÑÑÑ
должноÑÑÑ ÐºÐ¾Ð³Ð¾-нибÑÐ´Ñ Ð´ÑÑгого."
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"So Greenblatt had the idea that he would find a customer who would pay in "
+"advance to buy the parts. They would build machines and deliver them; with "
+"profits from those parts, they would then be able to buy parts for a few "
+"more machines, sell those and then buy parts for a larger number of "
+"machines, and so on. The other people in the group thought that this "
+"couldn't possibly work."
+msgstr ""
+"Так ÑÑо Ñ ÐÑинблÑÑÑа бÑла мÑÑлÑ, ÑÑо он
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+"дÑмали, ÑÑо Ñак ÑабоÑаÑÑ Ð½Ðµ полÑÑиÑÑÑ."
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"Greenblatt then recruited Russell Noftsker, the man who had hired me, who "
+"had subsequently left the AI Lab and created a successful company. Russell "
+"was believed to have an aptitude for business. He demonstrated this aptitude "
+"for business by saying to the other people in the group, “Let's ditch "
+"Greenblatt, forget his ideas, and we'll make another company.” "
+"Stabbing in the back, clearly a real businessman. Those people decided they "
+"would form a company called Symbolics. They would get outside investment, "
+"not have scruples, and do everything possible to win."
+msgstr ""
+"ÐÑинблÑÑÑ Ð¿Ñивлек РаÑÑелла ÐоÑÑÑкеÑа,
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+"ÑÑÐ¾Ð±Ñ Ð¿Ð¾Ð±ÐµÐ´Ð¸ÑÑ."
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"But Greenblatt didn't give up. He and the few people loyal to him decided to "
+"start Lisp Machines Inc. anyway and go ahead with their plans. And what do "
+"you know, they succeeded! They got the first customer and were paid in "
+"advance. They built machines and sold them, and built more machines and more "
+"machines. They actually succeeded even though they didn't have the help of "
+"most of the people in the group. Symbolics also got off to a successful "
+"start, so you had two competing Lisp machine companies. When Symbolics saw "
+"that LMI was not going to fall flat on its face, they started looking for "
+"ways to destroy it."
+msgstr ""
+"Ðо ÐÑинблÑÑÑ Ð½Ðµ оÑÑÑÑпил. Ðн и немногие
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+"ÑеÑили вÑе Ñавно обÑазоваÑÑ Lisp Machines Inc. и
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+"ÑÑо Ð±Ñ Ð²Ñ Ð´Ñмали? Ðм ÑÑо ÑдалоÑÑ! У ниÑ
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+"ÑÑали иÑкаÑÑ ÑпоÑÐ¾Ð±Ñ ÑазÑÑÑиÑÑ ÐµÐµ."
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"Thus, the abandonment of our lab was followed by “war” in our "
+"lab. The abandonment happened when Symbolics hired away all the hackers, "
+"except me and the few who worked at LMI part-time. Then they invoked a rule "
+"and eliminated people who worked part-time for <abbr>MIT</abbr>, so they had "
+"to leave entirely, which left only me. The AI lab was now helpless. And "
+"<abbr>MIT</abbr> had made a very foolish arrangement with these two "
+"companies. It was a three-way contract where both companies licensed the "
+"use of Lisp machine system sources. These companies were required to let "
+"<abbr>MIT</abbr> use their changes. But it didn't say in the contract that "
+"<abbr>MIT</abbr> was entitled to put them into the <abbr>MIT</abbr> Lisp "
+"machine systems that both companies had licensed. Nobody had envisioned that "
+"the AI lab's hacker group would be wiped out, but it was."
+msgstr ""
+"Таким обÑазом, за ÑÑ
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+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"So Symbolics came up with a plan <a href=\"#foot-4\">(4)</a>. They said to "
+"the lab, “We will continue making our changes to the system available "
+"for you to use, but you can't put it into the <abbr>MIT</abbr> Lisp machine "
+"system. Instead, we'll give you access to Symbolics' Lisp machine system, "
+"and you can run it, but that's all you can do.”"
+msgstr ""
+"ÐÑак, в Symbolics ÑозÑел план <a
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+"Symbolics, и Ð²Ñ ÑможеÑе ÑабоÑаÑÑ Ð½Ð° ней, но ÑÑо
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+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"This, in effect, meant that they demanded that we had to choose a side, and "
+"use either the <abbr>MIT</abbr> version of the system or the Symbolics "
+"version. Whichever choice we made determined which system our improvements "
+"went to. If we worked on and improved the Symbolics version, we would be "
+"supporting Symbolics alone. If we used and improved the <abbr>MIT</abbr> "
+"version of the system, we would be doing work available to both companies, "
+"but Symbolics saw that we would be supporting LMI because we would be "
+"helping them continue to exist. So we were not allowed to be neutral anymore."
+msgstr ""
+"ÐÑо ÑакÑиÑеÑки ознаÑало, ÑÑо они
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+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"Up until that point, I hadn't taken the side of either company, although it "
+"made me miserable to see what had happened to our community and the "
+"software. But now, Symbolics had forced the issue. So, in an effort to "
+"help keep Lisp Machines Inc. going <a href=\"#foot-5\">(5)</a> — I "
+"began duplicating all of the improvements Symbolics had made to the Lisp "
+"machine system. I wrote the equivalent improvements again myself (i.e., the "
+"code was my own)."
+msgstr ""
+"ÐплоÑÑ Ð´Ð¾ ÑÑого моменÑа Ñ Ð½Ðµ пÑинимал
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+"пÑогÑамм бÑли моими ÑобÑÑвеннÑми)."
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
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+"After a while <a href=\"#foot-6\">(6)</a>, I came to the conclusion that it "
+"would be best if I didn't even look at their code. When they made a beta "
+"announcement that gave the release notes, I would see what the features were "
+"and then implement them. By the time they had a real release, I did too."
+msgstr ""
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+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"In this way, for two years, I prevented them from wiping out Lisp Machines "
+"Incorporated, and the two companies went on. But, I didn't want to spend "
+"years and years punishing someone, just thwarting an evil deed. I figured "
+"they had been punished pretty thoroughly because they were stuck with "
+"competition that was not leaving or going to disappear <a href=\"#foot-7\">"
+"(7)</a>. Meanwhile, it was time to start building a new community to replace "
+"the one that their actions and others had wiped out."
+msgstr ""
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+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"The Lisp community in the 70s was not limited to the <abbr>MIT</abbr> AI "
+"Lab, and the hackers were not all at <abbr>MIT</abbr>. The war that "
+"Symbolics started was what wiped out <abbr>MIT</abbr>, but there were other "
+"events going on then. There were people giving up on cooperation, and "
+"together this wiped out the community and there wasn't much left."
+msgstr ""
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+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
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+"Once I stopped punishing Symbolics, I had to figure out what to do next. I "
+"had to make a free operating system, that was clear — the only way "
+"that people could work together and share was with a free operating system."
+msgstr ""
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+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"At first, I thought of making a Lisp-based system, but I realized that "
+"wouldn't be a good idea technically. To have something like the Lisp machine "
+"system, you needed special purpose microcode. That's what made it possible "
+"to run programs as fast as other computers would run their programs and "
+"still get the benefit of typechecking. Without that, you would be reduced to "
+"something like the Lisp compilers for other machines. The programs would be "
+"faster, but unstable. Now that's okay if you're running one program on a "
+"timesharing system — if one program crashes, that's not a disaster, "
+"that's something your program occasionally does. But that didn't make it "
+"good for writing the operating system in, so I rejected the idea of making a "
+"system like the Lisp machine."
+msgstr ""
+"СпеÑва Ñ Ð¿Ð¾Ð´ÑмÑвал о Ñоздании ÑиÑÑÐµÐ¼Ñ Ð½Ð°
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+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
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+"I decided instead to make a Unix-like operating system that would have Lisp "
+"implementations to run as user programs. The kernel wouldn't be written in "
+"Lisp, but we'd have Lisp. So the development of that operating system, the "
+"GNU operating system, is what led me to write the GNU Emacs. In doing this, "
+"I aimed to make the absolute minimal possible Lisp implementation. The size "
+"of the programs was a tremendous concern."
+msgstr ""
+"ÐмеÑÑо ÑÑого Ñ ÑеÑил ÑделаÑÑ Ð¾Ð¿ÐµÑаÑионнÑÑ
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+"Ð±Ñ ÑеализаÑии ÐиÑпа, ÑÑÐ¾Ð±Ñ Ð²ÑполнÑÑÑ
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+"Ð±Ñ Ð½Ð°Ð¿Ð¸Ñано не на ÐиÑпе, но ÐиÑп Ñ Ð½Ð°Ñ Ð±Ñл
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+"ÑÑой опеÑаÑионной ÑиÑÑемÑ, опеÑаÑионной
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+"напиÑÐ°Ð½Ð¸Ñ GNU Emacs. РпÑоÑеÑÑе ÑÑого Ñ
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+"минималÑно возможнÑÑ ÑеализаÑÐ¸Ñ ÐиÑпа. Ð
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+"знаÑение."
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"There were people in those days, in 1985, who had one-megabyte machines "
+"without virtual memory. They wanted to be able to use GNU Emacs. This meant "
+"I had to keep the program as small as possible."
+msgstr ""
+"Ð Ñо вÑемÑ, в 1985 годÑ, бÑли лÑди, Ñ
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+"ÑазмеÑом."
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"For instance, at the time the only looping construct was ‘"
+"while’, which was extremely simple. There was no way to break out of "
+"the ‘while’ statement, you just had to do a catch and a throw, "
+"or test a variable that ran the loop. That shows how far I was pushing to "
+"keep things small. We didn't have ‘caar’ and ‘cadr’ "
+"and so on; “squeeze out everything possible” was the spirit of "
+"GNU Emacs, the spirit of Emacs Lisp, from the beginning."
+msgstr ""
+"ÐапÑимеÑ, в Ñо вÑÐµÐ¼Ñ ÐµÐ´Ð¸Ð½ÑÑвенной
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+"while”, коÑоÑÐ°Ñ Ð±Ñла кÑайне пÑоÑÑа. Ðе
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+"возможное” — Ñаким дÑÑ
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+"Ñ Ñамого наÑала."
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"Obviously, machines are bigger now, and we don't do it that way any more. We "
+"put in ‘caar’ and ‘cadr’ and so on, and we might put "
+"in another looping construct one of these days. We're willing to extend it "
+"some now, but we don't want to extend it to the level of common Lisp. I "
+"implemented Common Lisp once on the Lisp machine, and I'm not all that happy "
+"with it. One thing I don't like terribly much is keyword arguments <a href="
+"\"#foot-8\">(8)</a>. They don't seem quite Lispy to me; I'll do it "
+"sometimes but I minimize the times when I do that."
+msgstr ""
+"РазÑмееÑÑÑ, маÑÐ¸Ð½Ñ ÑейÑÐ°Ñ Ð±Ð¾Ð»ÑÑе, и Ð¼Ñ Ñже
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+"когда Ñ ÑÑо делаÑ."
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"That was not the end of the GNU projects involved with Lisp. Later on around "
+"1995, we were looking into starting a graphical desktop project. It was "
+"clear that for the programs on the desktop, we wanted a programming language "
+"to write a lot of it in to make it easily extensible, like the editor. The "
+"question was what it should be."
+msgstr ""
+"Ðа ÑÑом пÑоекÑÑ GNU, ÑвÑзаннÑе Ñ ÐиÑпом, не
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+"пÑимеÑно в 1995 годÑ, Ð¼Ñ ÑазмÑÑлÑли над
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+"гÑаÑиÑеÑкой ÑабоÑей ÑÑедÑ. ÐÑло ÑÑно, ÑÑо
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+"ÑделаÑÑ ÐµÐµ легко ÑаÑÑиÑÑемой, как
ÑедакÑоÑ. ÐÑÑал вопÑÐ¾Ñ Ð¾ Ñом, каким должен "
+"бÑÑÑ ÑзÑк."
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"At the time, <acronym title=\"Tool Command Language\">TCL</acronym> was "
+"being pushed heavily for this purpose. I had a very low opinion of "
+"<acronym>TCL</acronym>, basically because it wasn't Lisp. It looks a tiny "
+"bit like Lisp, but semantically it isn't, and it's not as clean. Then "
+"someone showed me an ad where Sun was trying to hire somebody to work on "
+"<acronym>TCL</acronym> to make it the “de-facto standard extension "
+"language” of the world. And I thought, “We've got to stop that "
+"from happening.” So we started to make Scheme the standard "
+"extensibility language for GNU. Not Common Lisp, because it was too large. "
+"The idea was that we would have a Scheme interpreter designed to be linked "
+"into applications in the same way <acronym>TCL</acronym> was linked into "
+"applications. We would then recommend that as the preferred extensibility "
+"package for all GNU programs."
+msgstr ""
+"Ð Ñо вÑÐµÐ¼Ñ Ð´Ð»Ñ ÑÑиÑ
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+"</a>. Я бÑл оÑÐµÐ½Ñ Ð½ÐµÐ²ÑÑокого Ð¼Ð½ÐµÐ½Ð¸Ñ Ð¾ TCL, в
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+"ÑÑандаÑÑнÑм ÑзÑком ÑаÑÑиÑений GNU. Ðе ÐбÑий
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+"велик. ÐÐ´ÐµÑ Ð±Ñла в Ñом, ÑÑо Ñ Ð½Ð°Ñ Ð±ÑдеÑ
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+"ÑпÑоекÑиÑованнÑй Ð´Ð»Ñ ÐºÐ¾Ð¼Ð¿Ð¾Ð½Ð¾Ð²ÐºÐ¸ в
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пÑедпоÑÑиÑелÑнÑй Ð¿Ð°ÐºÐµÑ ÑаÑÑиÑений "
+"Ð´Ð»Ñ Ð²ÑеÑ
пÑогÑамм GNU."
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"There's an interesting benefit you can get from using such a powerful "
+"language as a version of Lisp as your primary extensibility language. You "
+"can implement other languages by translating them into your primary "
+"language. If your primary language is <acronym>TCL</acronym>, you can't very "
+"easily implement Lisp by translating it into <acronym>TCL</acronym>. But if "
+"your primary language is Lisp, it's not that hard to implement other things "
+"by translating them. Our idea was that if each extensible application "
+"supported Scheme, you could write an implementation of <acronym>TCL</"
+"acronym> or Python or Perl in Scheme that translates that program into "
+"Scheme. Then you could load that into any application and customize it in "
+"your favorite language and it would work with other customizations as well."
+msgstr ""
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+"Ð±Ñ Ð½Ð°Ð¿Ð¸ÑаÑÑ ÑеализаÑÐ¸Ñ TCL, Python или Perl на
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+"пÑогÑÐ°Ð¼Ð¼Ñ Ð½Ð° Scheme. Тогда Ð²Ñ Ð¼Ð¾Ð³Ð»Ð¸ бÑ
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+"надÑÑÑаиваÑÑ ÐµÐ³Ð¾ под Ñвой лÑбимÑй ÑзÑк, и
оно ÑабоÑало Ð±Ñ Ð¸ Ñ Ð´ÑÑгими "
+"надÑÑÑойками."
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"As long as the extensibility languages are weak, the users have to use only "
+"the language you provided them. Which means that people who love any given "
+"language have to compete for the choice of the developers of applications "
+"— saying “Please, application developer, put my language into "
+"your application, not his language.” Then the users get no choices at "
+"all — whichever application they're using comes with one language and "
+"they're stuck with [that language]. But when you have a powerful language "
+"that can implement others by translating into it, then you give the user a "
+"choice of language and we don't have to have a language war anymore. That's "
+"what we're hoping ‘Guile’, our scheme interpreter, will do. We "
+"had a person working last summer finishing up a translator from Python to "
+"Scheme. I don't know if it's entirely finished yet, but for anyone "
+"interested in this project, please get in touch. So that's the plan we have "
+"for the future."
+msgstr ""
+"Ðо ÑеÑ
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+"Ñ Ð½Ð¸Ñ
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+"пÑиÑ
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+"Guile”, Ð½Ð°Ñ Ð¸Ð½ÑеÑпÑеÑаÑÐ¾Ñ Scheme. У Ð½Ð°Ñ ÐµÑÑÑ
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+"ÑвÑжеÑÑÑ. Так ÑÑо Ð²Ð¾Ñ ÐºÐ°ÐºÐ¸Ðµ Ñ Ð½Ð°Ñ Ð¿Ð»Ð°Ð½Ñ Ð½Ð°
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+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"I haven't been speaking about free software, but let me briefly tell you a "
+"little bit about what that means. Free software does not refer to price; it "
+"doesn't mean that you get it for free. (You may have paid for a copy, or "
+"gotten a copy gratis.) It means that you have freedom as a user. The crucial "
+"thing is that you are free to run the program, free to study what it does, "
+"free to change it to suit your needs, free to redistribute the copies of "
+"others and free to publish improved, extended versions. This is what free "
+"software means. If you are using a non-free program, you have lost crucial "
+"freedom, so don't ever do that."
+msgstr ""
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+"Ð²Ñ ÑÑÑаÑили жизненно важнÑÑ ÑвободÑ, Ñак
ÑÑо никогда ÑÑого не делайÑе."
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"The purpose of the GNU project is to make it easier for people to reject "
+"freedom-trampling, user-dominating, non-free software by providing free "
+"software to replace it. For those who don't have the moral courage to reject "
+"the non-free software, when that means some practical inconvenience, what we "
+"try to do is give a free alternative so that you can move to freedom with "
+"less of a mess and less of a sacrifice in practical terms. The less "
+"sacrifice the better. We want to make it easier for you to live in freedom, "
+"to cooperate."
+msgstr ""
+"ÐазнаÑение пÑоекÑа GNU заклÑÑаеÑÑÑ Ð² Ñом,
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+"алÑÑеÑнаÑивÑ, ÑÑÐ¾Ð±Ñ Ð²Ñ Ð¼Ð¾Ð³Ð»Ð¸ пеÑейÑи к
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+"Ñ
оÑим облегÑиÑÑ Ð´Ð»Ñ Ð²Ð°Ñ ÑоÑÑÑдниÑеÑÑво и
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+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"This is a matter of the freedom to cooperate. We're used to thinking of "
+"freedom and cooperation with society as if they are opposites. But here "
+"they're on the same side. With free software you are free to cooperate with "
+"other people as well as free to help yourself. With non-free software, "
+"somebody is dominating you and keeping people divided. You're not allowed to "
+"share with them, you're not free to cooperate or help society, anymore than "
+"you're free to help yourself. Divided and helpless is the state of users "
+"using non-free software."
+msgstr ""
+"СоÑÑÑдниÑеÑÑво — ÑÑо вопÑÐ¾Ñ ÑвободÑ.
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+"и ÑоÑÑÑдниÑеÑÑве Ñ Ð¾Ð±ÑеÑÑвом как о
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+"над вами и ÑазобÑÐ°ÐµÑ Ð»Ñдей. Ðам не
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+"волÑÐ½Ñ ÑоÑÑÑдниÑаÑÑ Ð¸Ð»Ð¸ помогаÑÑ
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+"полÑзоваÑелей, пÑименÑÑÑиÑ
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+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"We've produced a tremendous range of free software. We've done what people "
+"said we could never do; we have two operating systems of free software. We "
+"have many applications and we obviously have a lot farther to go. So we need "
+"your help. I would like to ask you to volunteer for the GNU project; help us "
+"develop free software for more jobs. Take a look at <a href=\"/help/"
+"\">http://www.gnu.org/help</a> to find suggestions for how to help. If you "
+"want to order things, there's a link to that from the home page. If you want "
+"to read about philosophical issues, look in /philosophy. If you're looking "
+"for free software to use, look in /directory, which lists about 1900 "
+"packages now (which is a fraction of all the free software out there). "
+"Please write more and contribute to us. My book of essays, “Free "
+"Software and Free Society”, is on sale and can be purchased at <a href="
+"\"http://www.gnu.org/\">www.gnu.org</a>. Happy hacking!"
+msgstr ""
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+"Ñо, ÑÑо, как ÑÑвеÑждалоÑÑ, Ð¼Ñ Ð½Ð¸ÐºÐ¾Ð³Ð´Ð° не
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заглÑниÑе в /philosophy. ÐÑли Ð²Ñ "
+"иÑеÑе ÑвободнÑе пÑогÑÐ°Ð¼Ð¼Ñ Ð´Ð»Ñ
полÑзованиÑ, заглÑниÑе в /directory, где "
+"ÑейÑÐ°Ñ Ð¿ÐµÑеÑиÑлено около 1900 пакеÑов
(ÑÑо ÑолÑко ÑаÑÑÑ Ð²ÑеÑ
ÑвободнÑÑ
"
+"пÑогÑамм, какие еÑÑÑ). ÐожалÑйÑÑа, пиÑиÑе
новÑе пÑогÑÐ°Ð¼Ð¼Ñ Ð¸ пеÑедавайÑе нам. "
+"Ðой ÑбоÑник оÑеÑков, “СвободнÑе
пÑогÑÐ°Ð¼Ð¼Ñ Ð¸ Ñвободное обÑеÑÑво”, "
+"наÑ
одиÑÑÑ Ð² пÑодаже, и его можно
пÑиобÑеÑÑи на <a href=\"http://www.gnu.org/"
+"\">www.gnu.org</a>. ÐÑего добÑого!"
+
+#. type: Content of: <ol><li>
+msgid ""
+"Guy Steele designed the original symmetrical Emacs command set; then he and "
+"I began implementing Emacs (on top of TECO), but after one long joint "
+"development session, Steele began drifting away, so I finished Emacs. "
+"Others particularly including Eugene C. Cicciarelli and Mike McMahon "
+"contributed substantially later on."
+msgstr ""
+"Ðай СÑил ÑоÑÑавил пеÑвонаÑалÑнÑй
ÑиммеÑÑиÑнÑй Ð½Ð°Ð±Ð¾Ñ ÐºÐ¾Ð¼Ð°Ð½Ð´ Emacs; поÑом Ð¼Ñ Ñ "
+"ним наÑали ÑеализовÑваÑÑ Emacs (на базе TECO),
но поÑле одной длиÑелÑной "
+"ÑовмеÑÑной ÑеÑÑии ÑазÑабоÑки СÑил наÑал
оÑÑ
одиÑÑ, Ñак ÑÑо Emacs заканÑивал "
+"Ñ. ÐÑÑгие, в ÑаÑÑноÑÑи, Юджин ЧиÑÑаÑелли и
Ðайк Ðак-Ðагон, внеÑли Ñвой вклад "
+"знаÑиÑелÑно позднее."
+
+#. type: Content of: <ol><li>
+msgid ""
+"Bernie Greenberg says that Dan Weinreb's implementation of Emacs for the "
+"Lisp Machine came before Greenberg's implementation for Multics. I "
+"apologize for the mistake."
+msgstr ""
+"ÐеÑни ÐÑинбеÑг ÑÑвеÑждаеÑ, ÑÑо ÑеализаÑиÑ
Emacs Ðана УайнÑеба Ð´Ð»Ñ Ð¼Ð°ÑинÑ-"
+"ÐиÑпа вÑÑла ÑанÑÑе ÑеализаÑии ÐÑинбеÑга
Ð´Ð»Ñ Multics. Я пÑиноÑÑ Ð¸Ð·Ð²Ð¸Ð½ÐµÐ½Ð¸Ñ Ð·Ð° "
+"ÑÑÑ Ð¾ÑибкÑ."
+
+#. type: Content of: <ol><li>
+msgid ""
+"Greenblatt's plan, as I understood it, was to hire lab people part time, so "
+"that they could continue working at the AI Lab. Symbolics hired them full "
+"time instead, so they stopped working at MIT."
+msgstr ""
+"Ðлан ÐÑинблÑÑÑа, наÑколÑко Ñ Ð¿Ð¾Ð½Ð¸Ð¼Ð°Ñ,
заклÑÑалÑÑ Ð² Ñом, ÑÑÐ¾Ð±Ñ Ð½Ð°Ð½Ð¸Ð¼Ð°ÑÑ Ð»Ñдей "
+"из лабоÑаÑоÑии по ÑовмеÑÑиÑелÑÑÑвÑ, Ñак
ÑÑо они могли пÑодолжаÑÑ ÑабоÑаÑÑ Ð² "
+"ÐабоÑаÑоÑии иÑкÑÑÑÑвенного инÑеллекÑа.
Symbolics вмеÑÑо ÑÑого нанимала иÑ
на "
+"полнÑй ÑабоÑий денÑ, Ñак ÑÑо они
пÑекÑаÑали ÑабоÑаÑÑ Ð² инÑÑиÑÑÑе."
+
+#. type: Content of: <ol><li>
+msgid ""
+"The background of this plan, which I did not state explicitly in the talk, "
+"is that during an initial period the ex-AI-Lab hackers, whether at Symbolics "
+"or LMI, continued contributing their changes to the MIT Lisp Machine system "
+"— even though the contract did not require this. Symbolics' plan was "
+"to rupture this cooperation unilaterally."
+msgstr ""
+"ÐÑÐ¾Ñ Ð¿Ð»Ð°Ð½ оÑновÑвалÑÑ Ð½Ð° Ñом (в Ñой ÑеÑи Ñ
ÑÑого не Ñказал Ñвно), ÑÑо в "
+"наÑалÑнÑй пеÑиод бÑвÑие Ñ
акеÑÑ
ÐабоÑаÑоÑии иÑкÑÑÑÑвенного инÑеллекÑа,
как в "
+"Symbolics, Ñак и в LMI, пÑодолжали вноÑиÑÑ Ñвои
Ð¸Ð·Ð¼ÐµÐ½ÐµÐ½Ð¸Ñ Ð² ÑиÑÑÐµÐ¼Ñ Ð¼Ð°ÑинÑ-"
+"ÐиÑпа инÑÑиÑÑÑа — Ñ
оÑÑ Ð¿Ð¾ конÑÑакÑÑ
ÑÑого не ÑÑебовалоÑÑ. Ðлан "
+"Symbolics заклÑÑалÑÑ Ð² Ñом, ÑÑÐ¾Ð±Ñ Ð¿ÑеÑваÑÑ ÑÑо
ÑоÑÑÑдниÑеÑÑво в "
+"одноÑÑоÑоннем поÑÑдке."
+
+#. type: Content of: <ol><li>
+msgid ""
+"It was not that I cared particularly about the fate of LMI, but rather I did "
+"not want to let Symbolics gain through its aggression against the AI Lab."
+msgstr ""
+"Ðе Ñо ÑÑÐ¾Ð±Ñ Ð¼ÐµÐ½Ñ Ð¾Ñобенно забоÑила ÑÑдÑба
LMI, но Ñ Ð¿ÑоÑÑо не Ñ
оÑел "
+"позволиÑÑ Symbolics нажиÑÑÑÑ Ð½Ð° Ñвоей
агÑеÑÑии по оÑноÑÐµÐ½Ð¸Ñ Ðº ÐабоÑаÑоÑии "
+"иÑкÑÑÑÑвенного инÑеллекÑа."
+
+#. type: Content of: <ol><li>
+msgid ""
+"This statement has been misconstrued as saying that I never, ever looked at "
+"Symbolics' code. Actually it says I did look, at first. The Symbolics "
+"source code was available at MIT, where I was entitled to read it, and at "
+"first that's how I found out about their changes."
+msgstr ""
+"Ðз ÑÑого ÑÑвеÑÐ¶Ð´ÐµÐ½Ð¸Ñ Ð±Ñл невеÑно Ñделан
вÑвод, ÑÑо Ñ Ð½Ð¸ÐºÐ¾Ð³Ð´Ð°-никогда не "
+"заглÑдÑвал в пÑогÑÐ°Ð¼Ð¼Ñ Symbolics. Ð
дейÑÑвиÑелÑноÑÑи здеÑÑ Ð³Ð¾Ð²Ð¾ÑиÑÑÑ, ÑÑо Ñ "
+"ÑÑо делал, понаÑалÑ. ÐÑÑ
однÑй ÑекÑÑ Symbolics
бÑл доÑÑÑпен в инÑÑиÑÑÑе, где "
+"Ñ Ð±Ñл впÑаве его ÑиÑаÑÑ, и ÑнаÑала именно
Ñак Ñ Ñзнавал об иÑ
изменениÑÑ
."
+
+#. type: Content of: <ol><li><p>
+msgid ""
+"But that meant I had to make a special effort to solve each problem "
+"differently, in order to avoid copying Symbolics code. After a while, I "
+"concluded it was better not to even look. That way I could write code in "
+"whatever way was best, without concern for what might be in Symbolics' code."
+msgstr ""
+"Ðо ÑÑо знаÑило, ÑÑо Ñ Ð±Ñл вÑнÑжден
пÑедпÑинимаÑÑ Ð¾ÑобÑе ÑÑилиÑ, ÑÑÐ¾Ð±Ñ ÑеÑаÑÑ "
+"каждÑÑ Ð·Ð°Ð´Ð°ÑÑ Ð¿Ð¾-дÑÑгомÑ, ÑÑÐ¾Ð±Ñ Ð¸Ð·Ð±ÐµÐ¶Ð°ÑÑ
копиÑÐ¾Ð²Ð°Ð½Ð¸Ñ Ð¿ÑогÑамм Symbolics. "
+"ЧеÑез некоÑоÑое вÑÐµÐ¼Ñ Ñ Ñделал вÑвод, ÑÑо
лÑÑÑе даже не ÑмоÑÑеÑÑ. Так Ñ Ð¼Ð¾Ð³ "
+"пиÑаÑÑ Ð¿ÑогÑÐ°Ð¼Ð¼Ñ ÐºÐ°ÐºÐ¸Ð¼ Ñгодно наилÑÑÑим
обÑазом, не оглÑдÑваÑÑÑ Ð½Ð° Ñо, ÑÑо "
+"могло бÑÑÑ Ð² ÑекÑÑаÑ
Symbolics."
+
+#. type: Content of: <ol><li>
+msgid ""
+"Symbolics at one point protested to MIT that my work, by thwarting their "
+"plan, had cost Symbolics a million dollars."
+msgstr ""
+"Symbolics как-Ñо Ñаз вÑÑазила в инÑÑиÑÑÑе
пÑоÑеÑÑ, в коÑоÑом говоÑилоÑÑ, ÑÑо "
+"Ð¼Ð¾Ñ ÑабоÑа, помеÑав иÑ
планÑ, ÑÑоила
компании Symbolics миллион доллаÑов."
+
+#. type: Content of: <ol><li>
+msgid ""
+"I don't mind if a very complex and heavyweight function takes keyword "
+"arguments. What bothers me is making simple basic functions such as “"
+"member” use them."
+msgstr ""
+"Я не возÑажаÑ, еÑли оÑÐµÐ½Ñ ÑÐ»Ð¾Ð¶Ð½Ð°Ñ Ð¸
гÑÐ¾Ð¼Ð¾Ð·Ð´ÐºÐ°Ñ ÑÑнкÑÐ¸Ñ Ð¿ÑÐ¸Ð½Ð¸Ð¼Ð°ÐµÑ Ð°ÑгÑменÑÑ-"
+"кодовÑе Ñлова. ÐеÑÐ¿Ð¾ÐºÐ¾Ð¸Ñ Ð¼ÐµÐ½Ñ ÑлÑÑай,
когда ими полÑзÑÑÑÑÑ Ñакие пÑоÑÑÑе "
+"ÑÑнкÑии, как “member”."
+
+# type: Content of: <div><div>
+#. TRANSLATORS: Use space (SPC) as msgstr if you don't have notes.
+#. type: Content of: <div>
+msgid "*GNUN-SLOT: TRANSLATOR'S NOTES*"
+msgstr ""
+"<h3>ÐÑимеÑÐ°Ð½Ð¸Ñ Ð¿ÐµÑеводÑиков</h3>\n"
+"<ol>\n"
+"<li id=\"tf1\"><span lang=\"en\" xml:lang=\"en\">TECO, Text Editor and\n"
+"COrrector</span> — англ. ÑекÑÑовÑй ÑедакÑоÑ
и коÑÑекÑоÑ.</li>\n"
+"<li id=\"tf2\"><span lang=\"en\" xml:lang=\"en\">TCL, Tool\n"
+"Command Language</span> — англ.
инÑÑÑÑменÑалÑнÑй команднÑй \n"
+"ÑзÑк.</li>\n"
+"</ol>"
+
+# type: Content of: <div><p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
+msgid ""
+"Please send general FSF & GNU inquiries to <a
href=\"mailto:address@hidden"
+"\"><address@hidden></a>. There are also <a href=\"/contact/\">other
ways "
+"to contact</a> the FSF. Broken links and other corrections or suggestions "
+"can be sent to <a href=\"mailto:address@hidden"><address@hidden"
+"org></a>."
+msgstr ""
+"ÐожалÑйÑÑа, пÑиÑÑлайÑе обÑие запÑоÑÑ
ÑÐ¾Ð½Ð´Ñ Ð¸ GNU по адÑеÑÑ <a href=\"mailto:"
+"address@hidden"><address@hidden></a>. ÐÑÑÑ Ñакже <a
href=\"/contact/"
+"\">дÑÑгие ÑпоÑÐ¾Ð±Ñ ÑвÑзаÑÑÑÑ</a> Ñ Ñондом.
ÐÑÑеÑÑ Ð¾ неÑабоÑаÑÑиÑ
ÑÑÑлкаÑ
и "
+"дÑÑгие попÑавки или пÑÐµÐ´Ð»Ð¾Ð¶ÐµÐ½Ð¸Ñ Ð¼Ð¾Ð¶Ð½Ð¾
пÑиÑÑлаÑÑ Ð¿Ð¾ адÑеÑÑ <a href=\"mailto:"
+"address@hidden"><address@hidden></a>."
+
+#. TRANSLATORS: Ignore the original text in this paragraph,
+#. replace it with the translation of these two:
+#. We work hard and do our best to provide accurate, good quality
+#. translations. However, we are not exempt from imperfection.
+#. Please send your comments and general suggestions in this regard
+#. to <a href="mailto:address@hidden">
+#. <address@hidden></a>.</p>
+#. <p>For information on coordinating and submitting translations of
+#. our web pages, see <a
+#. href="/server/standards/README.translations.html">Translations
+#. README</a>.
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
+msgid ""
+"Please see the <a href=\"/server/standards/README.translations.html"
+"\">Translations README</a> for information on coordinating and submitting "
+"translations of this article."
+msgstr ""
+"ÐÑ ÑÑаÑалиÑÑ ÑделаÑÑ ÑÑÐ¾Ñ Ð¿ÐµÑевод ÑоÑнÑм
и каÑеÑÑвеннÑм, но иÑклÑÑиÑÑ "
+"возможноÑÑÑ Ð¾Ñибки Ð¼Ñ Ð½Ðµ можем.
ÐÑиÑÑлайÑе, пожалÑйÑÑа, Ñвои замеÑÐ°Ð½Ð¸Ñ Ð¸ "
+"пÑÐµÐ´Ð»Ð¾Ð¶ÐµÐ½Ð¸Ñ Ð¿Ð¾ пеÑÐµÐ²Ð¾Ð´Ñ Ð¿Ð¾ адÑеÑÑ <a
href=\"mailto:address@hidden"
+"\"><address@hidden></a>. </p><p>Ð¡Ð²ÐµÐ´ÐµÐ½Ð¸Ñ Ð¿Ð¾
кооÑдинаÑии и "
+"пÑедложениÑм пеÑеводов наÑиÑ
ÑÑаÑей Ñм. в
<a href=\"/server/standards/README."
+"translations.html\">“Ð ÑководÑÑве по
пеÑеводам”</a>."
+
+# type: Content of: <div><p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
+msgid "Copyright © 2003, 2007, 2013 Free Software Foundation, Inc."
+msgstr "Copyright © 2003, 2007, 2013 Free Software Foundation, Inc."
+
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
+msgid ""
+"This page is licensed under a <a rel=\"license\" href=\"http://"
+"creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nd/3.0/us/\">Creative Commons Attribution-"
+"NoDerivs 3.0 United States License</a>."
+msgstr ""
+"ÐÑо пÑоизведение доÑÑÑпно по <a rel=\"license\"
href=\"http://"
+"creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nd/3.0/us/deed.ru\">лиÑензии Creative
"
+"Commons Attribution-NoDerivs (<em>ÐÑÑибÑÑÐ¸Ñ — Ðез
пÑоизводнÑÑ
"
+"пÑоизведений</em>) 3.0 СШÐ</a>."
+
+# type: Content of: <div><div>
+#. TRANSLATORS: Use space (SPC) as msgstr if you don't want credits.
+#. type: Content of: <div><div>
+msgid "*GNUN-SLOT: TRANSLATOR'S CREDITS*"
+msgstr ""
+"<em>Ðнимание! РподгоÑовке ÑÑого пеÑевода
ÑÑаÑÑвовал ÑолÑко один Ñеловек. ÐÑ "
+"можеÑе ÑÑÑеÑÑвенно ÑлÑÑÑиÑÑ Ð¿ÐµÑевод, еÑли
пÑовеÑиÑе его и ÑаÑÑкажеÑе о "
+"найденнÑÑ
оÑибкаÑ
в <a
href=\"http://savannah.gnu.org/projects/www-ru"
+"\">ÑÑÑÑкой гÑÑппе пеÑеводов gnu.org</a>.</em>"
+
+#. timestamp start
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
+msgid "Updated:"
+msgstr "Ðбновлено:"
- www/gnu/po rms-lisp.ru.po,
Pavel Kharitonov <=