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www home.sq.html keepingup.sq.html provide.sq.h...
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From: |
GNUN |
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Subject: |
www home.sq.html keepingup.sq.html provide.sq.h... |
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Date: |
Wed, 02 Jan 2013 16:28:40 +0000 |
CVSROOT: /web/www
Module name: www
Changes by: GNUN <gnun> 13/01/02 16:28:40
Modified files:
. : home.sq.html keepingup.sq.html provide.sq.html
licenses : gpl-faq.fr.html
philosophy : open-source-misses-the-point.sq.html
philosophy.sq.html right-to-read.nl.html
speeches-and-interview.fr.html
third-party-ideas.fr.html w3c-patent.nl.html
philosophy/po : open-source-misses-the-point.sq-en.html
open-source-misses-the-point.sq.po
philosophy.sq-en.html right-to-read.nl.po
speeches-and-interview.fr-en.html
third-party-ideas.fr-en.html
po : home.sq-en.html keepingup.sq-en.html
provide.sq-en.html
server : 08whatsnew.sq.html irc-rules.sq.html
mirror.sq.html server.sq.html
takeaction.sq.html tasks.sq.html
server/po : 08whatsnew.sq-en.html irc-rules.sq-en.html
mirror.sq-en.html server.sq-en.html
takeaction.sq-en.html tasks.sq-en.html
server/standards: webmaster-quiz.sq.html
server/standards/po: webmaster-quiz.sq-en.html
software : software.sq.html
software/po : software.sq-en.html
thankgnus : thankgnus.sq.html
thankgnus/po : thankgnus.sq-en.html
Added files:
philosophy/po : right-to-read.nl-en.html
Log message:
Automatic update by GNUnited Nations.
CVSWeb URLs:
http://web.cvs.savannah.gnu.org/viewcvs/www/home.sq.html?cvsroot=www&r1=1.94&r2=1.95
http://web.cvs.savannah.gnu.org/viewcvs/www/keepingup.sq.html?cvsroot=www&r1=1.17&r2=1.18
http://web.cvs.savannah.gnu.org/viewcvs/www/provide.sq.html?cvsroot=www&r1=1.14&r2=1.15
http://web.cvs.savannah.gnu.org/viewcvs/www/licenses/gpl-faq.fr.html?cvsroot=www&r1=1.85&r2=1.86
http://web.cvs.savannah.gnu.org/viewcvs/www/philosophy/open-source-misses-the-point.sq.html?cvsroot=www&r1=1.4&r2=1.5
http://web.cvs.savannah.gnu.org/viewcvs/www/philosophy/philosophy.sq.html?cvsroot=www&r1=1.10&r2=1.11
http://web.cvs.savannah.gnu.org/viewcvs/www/philosophy/right-to-read.nl.html?cvsroot=www&r1=1.6&r2=1.7
http://web.cvs.savannah.gnu.org/viewcvs/www/philosophy/speeches-and-interview.fr.html?cvsroot=www&r1=1.38&r2=1.39
http://web.cvs.savannah.gnu.org/viewcvs/www/philosophy/third-party-ideas.fr.html?cvsroot=www&r1=1.41&r2=1.42
http://web.cvs.savannah.gnu.org/viewcvs/www/philosophy/w3c-patent.nl.html?cvsroot=www&r1=1.1&r2=1.2
http://web.cvs.savannah.gnu.org/viewcvs/www/philosophy/po/open-source-misses-the-point.sq-en.html?cvsroot=www&r1=1.4&r2=1.5
http://web.cvs.savannah.gnu.org/viewcvs/www/philosophy/po/open-source-misses-the-point.sq.po?cvsroot=www&r1=1.18&r2=1.19
http://web.cvs.savannah.gnu.org/viewcvs/www/philosophy/po/philosophy.sq-en.html?cvsroot=www&r1=1.10&r2=1.11
http://web.cvs.savannah.gnu.org/viewcvs/www/philosophy/po/right-to-read.nl.po?cvsroot=www&r1=1.3&r2=1.4
http://web.cvs.savannah.gnu.org/viewcvs/www/philosophy/po/speeches-and-interview.fr-en.html?cvsroot=www&r1=1.20&r2=1.21
http://web.cvs.savannah.gnu.org/viewcvs/www/philosophy/po/third-party-ideas.fr-en.html?cvsroot=www&r1=1.24&r2=1.25
http://web.cvs.savannah.gnu.org/viewcvs/www/philosophy/po/right-to-read.nl-en.html?cvsroot=www&rev=1.1
http://web.cvs.savannah.gnu.org/viewcvs/www/po/home.sq-en.html?cvsroot=www&r1=1.17&r2=1.18
http://web.cvs.savannah.gnu.org/viewcvs/www/po/keepingup.sq-en.html?cvsroot=www&r1=1.7&r2=1.8
http://web.cvs.savannah.gnu.org/viewcvs/www/po/provide.sq-en.html?cvsroot=www&r1=1.8&r2=1.9
http://web.cvs.savannah.gnu.org/viewcvs/www/server/08whatsnew.sq.html?cvsroot=www&r1=1.16&r2=1.17
http://web.cvs.savannah.gnu.org/viewcvs/www/server/irc-rules.sq.html?cvsroot=www&r1=1.14&r2=1.15
http://web.cvs.savannah.gnu.org/viewcvs/www/server/mirror.sq.html?cvsroot=www&r1=1.20&r2=1.21
http://web.cvs.savannah.gnu.org/viewcvs/www/server/server.sq.html?cvsroot=www&r1=1.8&r2=1.9
http://web.cvs.savannah.gnu.org/viewcvs/www/server/takeaction.sq.html?cvsroot=www&r1=1.77&r2=1.78
http://web.cvs.savannah.gnu.org/viewcvs/www/server/tasks.sq.html?cvsroot=www&r1=1.19&r2=1.20
http://web.cvs.savannah.gnu.org/viewcvs/www/server/po/08whatsnew.sq-en.html?cvsroot=www&r1=1.9&r2=1.10
http://web.cvs.savannah.gnu.org/viewcvs/www/server/po/irc-rules.sq-en.html?cvsroot=www&r1=1.7&r2=1.8
http://web.cvs.savannah.gnu.org/viewcvs/www/server/po/mirror.sq-en.html?cvsroot=www&r1=1.10&r2=1.11
http://web.cvs.savannah.gnu.org/viewcvs/www/server/po/server.sq-en.html?cvsroot=www&r1=1.7&r2=1.8
http://web.cvs.savannah.gnu.org/viewcvs/www/server/po/takeaction.sq-en.html?cvsroot=www&r1=1.14&r2=1.15
http://web.cvs.savannah.gnu.org/viewcvs/www/server/po/tasks.sq-en.html?cvsroot=www&r1=1.11&r2=1.12
http://web.cvs.savannah.gnu.org/viewcvs/www/server/standards/webmaster-quiz.sq.html?cvsroot=www&r1=1.13&r2=1.14
http://web.cvs.savannah.gnu.org/viewcvs/www/server/standards/po/webmaster-quiz.sq-en.html?cvsroot=www&r1=1.9&r2=1.10
http://web.cvs.savannah.gnu.org/viewcvs/www/software/software.sq.html?cvsroot=www&r1=1.9&r2=1.10
http://web.cvs.savannah.gnu.org/viewcvs/www/software/po/software.sq-en.html?cvsroot=www&r1=1.9&r2=1.10
http://web.cvs.savannah.gnu.org/viewcvs/www/thankgnus/thankgnus.sq.html?cvsroot=www&r1=1.9&r2=1.10
http://web.cvs.savannah.gnu.org/viewcvs/www/thankgnus/po/thankgnus.sq-en.html?cvsroot=www&r1=1.1&r2=1.2
Patches:
Index: home.sq.html
===================================================================
RCS file: /web/www/www/home.sq.html,v
retrieving revision 1.94
retrieving revision 1.95
diff -u -b -r1.94 -r1.95
--- home.sq.html 16 Dec 2012 23:27:43 -0000 1.94
+++ home.sq.html 2 Jan 2013 16:28:34 -0000 1.95
@@ -9,7 +9,7 @@
<meta http-equiv="Keywords" content="GNU, FSF, Free Software Foundation,
Linux, Emacs, GCC, Unix, Software i
Lirë, Sistem Operativ, GNU Kernel, GNU Hurd" />
-<meta http-equiv="Description" content="Që prej 1983, duke zhvilluar sistemin
operativ të lirë GNU, të ngjashëm me
+<meta http-equiv="Description" content="Që prej 1983, hartim i sistemit
operativ të lirë GNU, të ngjashëm me
Unix-in, që përdoruesit e kompjuterit të jenë të lirë të shkëmbejnë
dhe të
përmirësojnë software-et që përdorin." />
<link rel="alternate" title="Planet GNU"
href="http://planet.gnu.org/rss20.xml"; type="application/rss+xml" />
@@ -213,9 +213,9 @@
GDB, transkriptim automatik, përudhësa PowerVR, dhe gjithashtu zëvendësime
me software të lirë për Skype, librari OpenDWG, dhe Oracle Forms.</p>
-<p id="unmaint"><strong>Can you take over an <a
-href="/server/takeaction.html#unmaint">unmaintained GNU
-package</a>?</strong> <a href="/software/dr-geo/">dr-geo</a>, <a
+<p id="unmaint"><strong>A mund t'i dilni zot një <a
+href="/server/takeaction.html#unmaint">pakete GNU të
+pamirëmbajtur</a>?</strong> <a href="/software/dr-geo/">dr-geo</a>, <a
href="/software/gleem/">gleem</a>, <a
href="/software/gnatsweb/">gnatsweb</a>, <a
href="/software/halifax/">halifax</a>, <a
@@ -225,8 +225,8 @@
href="/software/pgccfd/">pgccfd</a>, <a
href="/software/polyxmass/">polyxmass</a>, <a
href="/software/rottlog/">rottlog</a>, <a
-href="/software/snakecharmer/">snakecharmer</a>, are all <a
-href="/server/takeaction.html#unmaint">looking for maintainers</a>.</p>
+href="/software/snakecharmer/">snakecharmer</a>, të gjitha <a
+href="/server/takeaction.html#unmaint">presin për mirëmbajtës</a>.</p>
</div>
</div>
@@ -255,9 +255,9 @@
href="http://www.fsfla.org/";>Amerikën Latine</a> dhe <a
href="http://fsf.org.in/";>Indi</a>.</p>
-<p>Kjo faqe mund të përdoret sipas një <a rel="license"
-href="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nd/3.0/us/";>Lejeje Creative
-Commons Attribution-NoDerivs 3.0 United States</a>.
+<p>Kjo faqe mund të përdoret sipas një lejeje <a rel="license"
+href="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nd/3.0/us/";>Creative Commons
+Attribution-NoDerivs 3.0 United States License</a>.
</p>
@@ -270,7 +270,7 @@
<p><!-- timestamp start -->
U përditësua më:
-$Date: 2012/12/16 23:27:43 $
+$Date: 2013/01/02 16:28:34 $
<!-- timestamp end -->
</p>
Index: keepingup.sq.html
===================================================================
RCS file: /web/www/www/keepingup.sq.html,v
retrieving revision 1.17
retrieving revision 1.18
diff -u -b -r1.17 -r1.18
--- keepingup.sq.html 27 Sep 2012 16:52:11 -0000 1.17
+++ keepingup.sq.html 2 Jan 2013 16:28:34 -0000 1.18
@@ -113,7 +113,7 @@
<p>
<!-- timestamp start -->
-U përditësua më: $Date: 2012/09/27 16:52:11 $
+U përditësua më: $Date: 2013/01/02 16:28:34 $
<!-- timestamp end -->
</p>
Index: provide.sq.html
===================================================================
RCS file: /web/www/www/provide.sq.html,v
retrieving revision 1.14
retrieving revision 1.15
diff -u -b -r1.14 -r1.15
--- provide.sq.html 27 Sep 2012 16:52:12 -0000 1.14
+++ provide.sq.html 2 Jan 2013 16:28:34 -0000 1.15
@@ -86,7 +86,7 @@
<p><!-- timestamp start -->
U përditësua më:
-$Date: 2012/09/27 16:52:12 $
+$Date: 2013/01/02 16:28:34 $
<!-- timestamp end -->
</p>
Index: licenses/gpl-faq.fr.html
===================================================================
RCS file: /web/www/www/licenses/gpl-faq.fr.html,v
retrieving revision 1.85
retrieving revision 1.86
diff -u -b -r1.85 -r1.86
--- licenses/gpl-faq.fr.html 1 Jan 2013 18:27:01 -0000 1.85
+++ licenses/gpl-faq.fr.html 2 Jan 2013 16:28:34 -0000 1.86
@@ -2402,9 +2402,9 @@
(sous copyleft) et le code utilisateur (habituellement sous des termes
incompatibles), comme indiqué dans le diagramme ci-dessous.</p>
-<!-- GNUN: localize URL /licenses/template-diagram.png -->
+<!-- GNUN: localize URL /licenses/template-diagram.fr.png -->
<p><a href="template-diagram.png">
-<img src="/licenses/template-diagram.png"
+<img src="/licenses/template-diagram.fr.png"
alt="Diagramme de modèle faisant appel à du JavaScript"/></a></p>
<p>Voici une exception pour le code JavaScript qui fait cela :</p>
@@ -3772,7 +3772,7 @@
<!-- timestamp start -->
Dernière mise à jour :
-$Date: 2013/01/01 18:27:01 $
+$Date: 2013/01/02 16:28:34 $
<!-- timestamp end -->
</p>
Index: philosophy/open-source-misses-the-point.sq.html
===================================================================
RCS file: /web/www/www/philosophy/open-source-misses-the-point.sq.html,v
retrieving revision 1.4
retrieving revision 1.5
diff -u -b -r1.4 -r1.5
--- philosophy/open-source-misses-the-point.sq.html 18 Dec 2012 12:56:39
-0000 1.4
+++ philosophy/open-source-misses-the-point.sq.html 2 Jan 2013 16:28:35
-0000 1.5
@@ -1,6 +1,7 @@
<!--#include virtual="/server/header.sq.html" -->
+<!-- Parent-Version: 1.70 -->
<!-- This file is automatically generated by GNUnited Nations! -->
<!--#set var="ENGLISH_PAGE"
value="/philosophy/open-source-misses-the-point.en.html" -->
@@ -20,7 +21,7 @@
tij me ose pa ndryshime. Kjo është çështje lirie, jo çmimi, pra mendojeni
si tek “fjala e lirë,” jo si te “birrë falas.”</p>
-<p>Këto liri janë jetike. Ato janë thelbësore, jo thjesht për hir të
+<p>Këto liri kanë rëndësi jetike. Ato janë thelbësore, jo thjesht për
hir të
përdoruesit individual, por për hir të shoqërisë si e tërë, pasi
promovuojnë
solidaritetin shoqëror—pra, ndarjen e gjërave me të tjerët dhe
bashkëpunimin. Edhe më të rëndësishme bëhen teksa kultura dhe
veprimtaritë
@@ -67,32 +68,52 @@
qëndrueshëm. Prej asokohe, shumica e përkrahësve të burimit të hapur
janë
rreshtuar pas tij, dhe bëjnë të njëjtin përshoqërim.</p>
-<p>Thuajse krejt software-i me burim të hapur është software i lirë. Dy
termat
-përshkruajnë pothuajse të njëjtën kategori software-i, por mbrojnë
pikëpamje
-të bazuara thelbësisht mbi vlera të ndryshme. Burimi i hapur është një
-metodologji programimi; software-i i lirë është një lëvizje shoqërore.
Për
-lëvizjen e software-it të lirë, software-i lirë është një imperativ
etik,
-pasi vetëm software-i i lirë respekton lirinë e përdoruesve. Në kontrast
me
-të, filozofia e burimit të hapur i sheh çështjet sipas optikës se si të
-bëhet software-i “më i mirë”—vetëm nga pikëpamja
-praktike. Sipas saj, software-et jo të lira janë një zgjidhje inferiore
për
-një problem praktik të dhënë. Për lëvizjen e software-it të lirë, ama,
-software-i jo i lirë është një problem shoqëror, dhe zgjidhja është të
-reshtet përdorimi i tij dhe të kalohet te software-i i lirë.</p>
+<p>Dy termat përshkruajnë pothuajse të njëjtën kategori software-i, por
mbrojnë
+pikëpamje të bazuara thelbësisht mbi vlera të ndryshme. Burimi i hapur
+është një metodologji programimi; software-i i lirë është një lëvizje
+shoqërore. Për lëvizjen e software-it të lirë, software-i lirë është
një
+imperativ etik, pasi vetëm software-i i lirë respekton lirinë e
+përdoruesve. Në kontrast me të, filozofia e burimit të hapur i sheh
+çështjet sipas optikës se si të bëhet software-i “më i
+mirë”—vetëm nga pikëpamja praktike. Sipas saj, software-et jo
+të lira janë një zgjidhje inferiore për një problem praktik të dhënë.
+Ndërsa për lëvizjen e software-it të lirë, software-i jo i lirë është
një
+problem shoqëror, dhe zgjidhja është të reshtet përdorimi i tij dhe të
+kalohet te software-i i lirë.</p>
<p>“Software i lirë.” “Burim i hapur.” Nëse bëhet
fjalë
-për të njëjtin program, ka rëndësi cilin emër përdorni? Po, ngaqë
fjalë të
-ndryshme përcjellin ide të ndryshme. Edhe pse një program i lirë, me
-çfarëdo emri tjetër, sot do t'ju jepte po atë liri, forcimi i pozitave
-të lirisë në një rrugë të qëndrueshme varet mbi të gjitha nga të
mësuarit e
-njerëzve të çmojnë lirinë. Nëse doni të ndihmoni për këtë, është
thelbësore
-të flitet për “software të lirë.”</p>
+për të njëjtin program (ose pothuajse), ka rëndësi cilin emër përdorni?
Po,
+ngaqë fjalë të ndryshme përcjellin ide të ndryshme. Edhe pse një
program i
+lirë, me çfarëdo emri tjetër, sot do t'ju jepte po atë liri, forcimi
i
+pozitave të lirisë në një rrugë të qëndrueshme varet mbi të gjitha nga
të
+mësuarit e njerëzve të çmojnë lirinë. Nëse doni të ndihmoni për
këtë, është
+thelbësore të flitet për “software të lirë.”</p>
<p>Ne të lëvizjes së software-it të lirë nuk e shohim kampin e burimit
të hapur
si një armik; armiku është software-i pronësor (jo i lirë) . Por duam që
njerëzit ta dinë se ne jemi për lirinë, ndaj nuk e pranojmë të
etiketohemi
gabimisht si përkrahës të burimit të hapur.</p>
+<h3>Dallime Praktike mes Software-it të Lirë dhe Burimit të Hapur</h3>
+
+<p>Në praktikë, burimi i hapur mishëron një kriter paksa më të dobët se
sa ato
+të software-it të lirë. Me aq sa di, krejt software-et e lirë mund të
+kualifikohen si me burim të hapur. Thuajse krejt software-et me burim të
+hapur janë software i lirë, por ka disa përjashtime. Së pari, disa licenca
+burimi të hapur janë shumë kufizuese, ndaj nuk kualifikohen dot si licenca
+të lira. Për fat, këto licenca i përdorin pak programe.</p>
+
+<p>Së dyti, dhe ç'është më e rëndësishmja, shumë produkte që
përmbajnë
+kompjutera (përfshi mjaft pajisje Android) shiten me programe të
+ekzekutueshme që rrjedhin prej kodi burim software-i të lirë, por pajisjet
+nuk i lejojnë përdoruesit të instalojë versione të modifikuara të
këtyre të
+ekzekutueshmëve; vetëm një kompani e caktuar gëzon të drejtën t'i
modifikojë
+ata. Këto pajisje i quajmë “tiranike”, dhe praktika është
+quajtur “tivoizim”, sipas produktit te i cili e vumë re për herë
+të parë. Këta të ekzekutueshëm nuk janë software i lirë edhe pse kodi i
+tyre burim është software i lirë. Kriteret e burimit të hapur këtu nuk
+shohin problem; ata merakosen vetëm për licencimin e kodit burim.</p>
+
<h3>Moskuptime të Rëndomta të “Software-it të Lirë” dhe
“Burimit të Hapur”</h3>
@@ -119,11 +140,7 @@
“software-it me burim të hapur”</a> (që është botuar nga Open
Source Initiative dhe është shumë i gjatë për ta përfshirë këtu)
është
derivuar tërthorazi prej kriterit tonë të software-eve të lira. Nuk
është i
-njëjti; është ca më i lirshëm në disa këndvështrime, ndaj njerëzit e
burimit
-të hapur kanë pranuar disa leje që ne i konsiderojmë papranueshmërisht
-shtrënguese. Gjithashtu, ata gjykojnë vetëm mbi bazën e lejes mbi kodin
-burim, ndërkohë që kriteri ynë merr në konsideratë edhe nëse lejoheni
apo jo
-<em>të xhironi</em> versionin tuaj të modifikuar të programit. Megjithatë,
+njëjti; është ca më dorëlëshuar në disa këndvështrime. Megjithatë,
përkufizimi i tyre pajtohet me përkufizimin tonë në shumicën e
rasteve.</p>
<p>Sido që të jetë, kuptimi i afërmendshëm për shprehjen “software
me
@@ -141,13 +158,12 @@
“Linux-i është software me ‘burim të hapur’ që do të
thotë, thjesht, se cilido mund të ketë kopje të kartelave të kodit të tij
burim.” Nuk mendoj se ka kërkuar me dashje të hidhte tej ose të vinte
-në diskutim përkufizimin “zyrtar”. Jam i mendimit që ai thjesht
-zbatoi konvencionet e Anglishtes për të nxjerrë një kuptim të termit.
-Shteti i Kansasit publikoi një përkufizim të ngjashëm: “Përdorni
-software me burim të hapur (OSS). OSS është software për të cilin kodi
-burim është i passhëm lirisht dhe publikisht, por marrëveshjet specifike
për
-licencimin e tij variojnë lidhur me atë se ç'i lejohet dikujt të bëjë me
atë
-kod.”</p>
+në diskutim përkufizimin zyrtar. Jam i mendimit që ai thjesht zbatoi
+konvencionet e Anglishtes për të nxjerrë një kuptim të termit. Shteti i
+Kansasit publikoi një përkufizim të ngjashëm: “Përdorni software me
+burim të hapur (OSS). OSS është software për të cilin kodi burim është
i
+passhëm lirisht dhe publikisht, por marrëveshjet specifike për licencimin e
+tij variojnë lidhur me atë se ç'i lejohet dikujt të bëjë me atë
kod.”</p>
<p><i>New York Times</i> pati një <a
href="http://www.nytimes.com/external/gigaom/2009/02/07/07gigaom-the-brave-new-world-of-open-source-game-design-37415.html";>
@@ -174,7 +190,8 @@
lirë” do të thotë “software nën GPL-në.” Që të dyja
janë
gabim, sa kohë që GNU GPL-ja i plotëson kushtet për të qenë leje burimi
të
hapur dhe shumica e lejeve të burimit të hapur i plotësojnë kushtet për
të
-qenë leje software-i të lirë.</p>
+qenë leje software-i të lirë. Ka <a href="/licenses/license-list.html">
+mjaft licenca software-i të lirë</a> përtej GNU GPL-së.</p>
<p>Termi “burim i hapur” është sforcuar më tej nga zbatimi i tij
mbi veprimtari të tjera, të tilla si qeverisja, arsimi, shkenca, te të cilat
@@ -348,8 +365,8 @@
mbi motivimin e programuesve të software-it të lirë</a> nga Lakhan dhe Wolf
thotë se një pjesë e konsiderueshme motivohen nga pikëpamja e tyre që
software-i do të duhej të ishte i lirë. Kjo përkundër faktit që në
vëzhgim
-u morën zhvillues nga SourceForge, një site që nuk e përkrah pikëpamjen se
-kjo është një çështje etike.</p>
+u morën zhvillues nga SourceForge, një <em>site</em> që nuk e përkrah
+pikëpamjen se kjo është një çështje etike.</p>
<div style="font-size: small;">
@@ -358,24 +375,42 @@
</div>
</div>
+<!-- for id="content", starts in the include above -->
<!--#include virtual="/server/footer.sq.html" -->
<div id="footer">
+
+<p>Ju lutemi, pyetjet dhe kërkesat e përgjithshme rreth FSF-së & GNU-së
+dërgojini te <a href="mailto:address@hidden";><address@hidden></a>. Ka
+gjithashtu <a href="/contact/">mënyra të tjera për t'u lidhur me</a>
+FSF-në. Njoftimet për lidhje të dëmtuara dhe ndreqje apo këshilla të
tjera
+mund të dërgohen te <a
+href="mailto:address@hidden";><address@hidden></a>.</p>
+
<p>
-Ju lutemi, pyetjet për FSF & GNU dërgojini te <a
-href="mailto:address@hidden";><address@hidden></a>. Ka gjithashtu edhe <a
-href="/contact/">rrugë të tjera për t'u lidhur me</a> FSF-në.
-<br />
-Ju lutemi, për lidhje të dëmtuara dhe ndreqje të tjera apo këshilla
-shkruajuni te <a
-href="mailto:address@hidden";><address@hidden></a>.
-</p>
-<p>Të drejta Kopjimi © 2007, 2010 Richard Stallman
-<br />
-Kjo faqe mund të përdoret sipas një lejeje <a rel="license"
+<!-- TRANSLATORS: Ignore the original text in this paragraph,
+ replace it with the translation of these two:
+
+ We work hard and do our best to provide accurate, good quality
+ translations. However, we are not exempt from imperfection.
+ Please send your comments and general suggestions in this regard
+ to <a href="mailto:address@hidden";>
+
+ <address@hidden></a>.</p>
+
+ <p>For information on coordinating and submitting translations of
+ our web pages, see <a
+ href="/server/standards/README.translations.html">Translations
+ README</a>. -->
+Për të dhëna mbi bashkërendimin dhe parashtrimin e përkthimeve të këtij
+artikulli, ju lutemi, shihni <a
+href="/server/standards/README.translations.html">README për
përkthimet</a>.</p>
+
+<p>Të drejta Kopjimi © 2007, 2010, 2012 Richard Stallman</p>
+
+<p>Kjo faqe mund të përdoret sipas një lejeje <a rel="license"
href="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nd/3.0/us/";>Creative Commons
-Attribution-NoDerivs 3.0 United States License</a>.
-</p>
+Attribution-NoDerivs 3.0 United States License</a>.</p>
<div class="translators-credits">
@@ -384,21 +419,14 @@
</div>
- <p>
-<!-- timestamp start -->
+ <p><!-- timestamp start -->
U përditësua më:
-$Date: 2012/12/18 12:56:39 $
+$Date: 2013/01/02 16:28:35 $
<!-- timestamp end -->
</p>
</div>
-
-<!-- All pages on the GNU web server should have the section about -->
-<!-- verbatim copying. Please do NOT remove this without talking -->
-<!-- with the webmasters first. -->
-<!-- Please make sure the copyright date is consistent with the document -->
-<!-- and that it is like this "2001, 2002" not this "2001-2002." -->
</div>
</body>
</html>
Index: philosophy/philosophy.sq.html
===================================================================
RCS file: /web/www/www/philosophy/philosophy.sq.html,v
retrieving revision 1.10
retrieving revision 1.11
diff -u -b -r1.10 -r1.11
--- philosophy/philosophy.sq.html 2 Dec 2012 14:34:24 -0000 1.10
+++ philosophy/philosophy.sq.html 2 Jan 2013 16:28:35 -0000 1.11
@@ -93,18 +93,19 @@
<!--#include virtual="/server/footer.sq.html" -->
<div id="footer">
<p>
-Ju lutemi, pyetjet lidhur me FSF & GNU dërgojini te <a
-href="mailto:address@hidden";><address@hidden></a>. Ka edhe <a
-href="/contact/">mënyra të tjera për t'u lidhur</a> me FSF-në.
+Ju lutemi, pyetjet për FSF & GNU dërgojini te <a
+href="mailto:address@hidden";><address@hidden></a>. Ka gjithashtu edhe <a
+href="/contact/">rrugë të tjera për t'u lidhur me</a> FSF-në.
<br />
-Ju lutemi, për lidhje të dëmtuara, ndreqje të tjera ose këshilla na
njoftoni
-te <a href="mailto:address@hidden";><address@hidden></a>.
+Ju lutemi, për lidhje të dëmtuara dhe ndreqje të tjera apo këshilla
+shkruajuni te <a
+href="mailto:address@hidden";><address@hidden></a>.
</p>
<p>
Për të dhëna mbi bashkërendimin dhe parashtrimin e përkthimeve të këtij
artikulli, ju lutemi, shihni <a
-href="/server/standards/README.translations.html">README për Përkthimet</a>.
+href="/server/standards/README.translations.html">README për përkthimet</a>.
</p>
<p>
@@ -125,7 +126,7 @@
<!-- timestamp start -->
U përditësua më:
-$Date: 2012/12/02 14:34:24 $
+$Date: 2013/01/02 16:28:35 $
<!-- timestamp end -->
</p>
Index: philosophy/right-to-read.nl.html
===================================================================
RCS file: /web/www/www/philosophy/right-to-read.nl.html,v
retrieving revision 1.6
retrieving revision 1.7
diff -u -b -r1.6 -r1.7
--- philosophy/right-to-read.nl.html 24 Dec 2012 13:59:57 -0000 1.6
+++ philosophy/right-to-read.nl.html 2 Jan 2013 16:28:35 -0000 1.7
@@ -1,449 +1,418 @@
-<!--#include virtual="/server/header.html" -->
+
+<!--#include virtual="/server/header.nl.html" -->
+
+<!-- This file is automatically generated by GNUnited Nations! -->
+ <!--#set var="ENGLISH_PAGE" value="/philosophy/right-to-read.en.html" -->
+
<title>Het Recht om te Lezen- GNU Project - Free Software Foundation
(FSF)</title>
-<!--#include virtual="/server/banner.html" -->
-<!--#set var="PO_FILE"
- value='<a href="http://www.gnu.org/philosophy/po/right-to-read.nl.po";>
- http://www.gnu.org/philosophy/po/right-to-read.nl.po</a>' -->
- <!--#set var="ORIGINAL_FILE" value="/philosophy/right-to-read.html" -->
- <!--#set var="DIFF_FILE" value="" -->
- <!--#set var="OUTDATED_SINCE" value="2012-09-20" -->
- <!--#include virtual="/server/outdated.nl.html" -->
+
+<!--#include virtual="/server/banner.nl.html" -->
+<!--#include virtual="/philosophy/po/right-to-read.translist" -->
<h2>Het Recht om te Lezen</h2>
<p>
-door <a href="http://www.stallman.org/";><strong>Richard
Stallman</strong></a></p>
+door <a href="http://www.stallman.org/";><strong>Richard
+Stallman</strong></a></p>
+
+<div style="text-align: center; font-size: 110%;text-shadow: 0 0 0.2em #fff;
width: 300px; float: right; margin: 12px; background-color: #a0f112; color:
#353831; padding: 1em;"><a href="http://defectivebydesign.org/ebooks.html";>Meld
je aan bij onze
+mailinglijst over de gevaren van e-boeken</a>.</div>
<p>
<em>Dit artikel verscheen eerder in het februarinummer uit 1997 van
<strong>Communications of the ACM</strong> (Volume 40, nummer 2).</em></p>
<blockquote><p>
- (uit “De Gang Naar Tycho”, een serie artikelen
- over de voorgeschiedenis van de Luna-revolutie, verschenen
- in Maanstad in 2096)
+ (uit <cite>De Gang Naar Tycho</cite>, een serie artikelen over de
+voorgeschiedenis van de Luna-revolutie, verschenen in Maanstad in 2096)
</p></blockquote>
<p>
-Voor Dirk Halbert begon de gang naar Tycho op school—toen Lisa Lenz zijn
-computer te leen vroeg. Die van haar was stukgegaan en als ze niet gauw een
-andere kon lenen zou ze te laat zijn met haar werkstuk. Ze durfde het alleen
-Dirk te vragen.
-</p>
+Voor Dirk Halbert begon de gang naar Tycho op school—toen Lisa Lenz
+zijn computer te leen vroeg. Die van haar was stukgegaan en als ze niet gauw
+een andere kon lenen zou ze te laat zijn met haar werkstuk. Ze durfde het
+alleen Dirk te vragen.</p>
<p>
Dit plaatste Dirk in hevige tweestrijd. Hij zou haar eigenlijk moeten helpen
-—maar als hij zijn computer uitleende zou ze zijn boeken kunnen lezen.
-Nog afgezien van het feit dat je een lange gevangenisstraf wachtte wanneer je
-iemand anders je boeken liet lezen, schrok hij zelf eerst ook van het idee.
Net
-als ieder ander werd hem al sinds de basisschool ingeprent dat het uitlenen
van
-boeken iets slechts en crimineels was—iets wat alleen piraten deden.
-</p>
-
-<p>
-En verder weinig kans dat de SBD—de Software Beschermings
Dienst—er
-niet achter zou komen. Tijdens de lessen Software was Dirk geleerd dat ieder
-boek een ingebouwde auteursrechtenagent had die aan Centraal Licentiebeheer
-rapporteerde waar, wanneer en door wie het boek gelezen werd. (Deze informatie
-gebruikten ze om leespiraten te pakken, maar ook om consumentenprofielen te
-verkopen aan handelaren). Zodra hij zijn computer aan het netwerk zou
koppelen,
-zou Centraal Licentiebeheer er achter komen. Hijzelf, als eigenaar van de
-computer, zou de zwaarste straf krijgen—omdat hij niet zijn best zou
-hebben gedaan deze misdaad te voorkomen.
-</p>
+—maar als hij zijn computer uitleende zou ze zijn boeken kunnen
+lezen. Nog afgezien van het feit dat je een lange gevangenisstraf wachtte
+wanneer je iemand anders je boeken liet lezen, schrok hij zelf eerst ook van
+het idee. Net als ieder ander werd hem al sinds de basisschool ingeprent dat
+het uitlenen van boeken iets slechts en crimineels was—iets wat alleen
+piraten deden.</p>
+
+<p>
+En verder weinig kans dat de SBD—de Software Beschermings
+Dienst—er niet achter zou komen. Tijdens de lessen Software was Dirk
+geleerd dat ieder boek een ingebouwde auteursrechtenagent had die aan
+Centraal Licentiebeheer rapporteerde waar, wanneer en door wie het boek
+gelezen werd. (Deze informatie gebruikten ze om leespiraten te pakken, maar
+ook om consumentenprofielen te verkopen aan handelaren). Zodra hij zijn
+computer aan het netwerk zou koppelen, zou Centraal Licentiebeheer er achter
+komen. Hijzelf, als eigenaar van de computer, zou de zwaarste straf
+krijgen—omdat hij niet zijn best zou hebben gedaan deze misdaad te
+voorkomen.</p>
<p>
Lisa wilde natuurlijk niet zijn boeken lezen. Ze zou hem alleen nodig hebben
-om haar werkstuk af te maken. Maar Dirk wist dat ze uit een modaal gezin kwam
en
-dus nauwelijks het lesgeld kon betalen, laat staan de leesheffing. Het lezen
-van zijn boeken zou weleens haar enige kans kunnen zijn op een diploma.
Hijzelf
-was er zich maar al te zeer van bewust; hij had zichzelf zwaar in de schulden
-moeten steken om de leesheffingen te kunnen betalen van alle wetenschappelijke
-publicaties die hij las. (10% van de heffingen ging naar de onderzoekers die
de
-artikelen schreven en aangezien Dirk een wetenschappelijke carriére
-nastreefde hoopte hij in de toekomst met zijn eigen wetenschappelijke
-publicaties zijn lening terug te kunnen betalen, mits zijn publicaties maar
-vaak genoeg zouden worden gerefereerd.)
-</p>
+om haar werkstuk af te maken. Maar Dirk wist dat ze uit een modaal gezin
+kwam en dus nauwelijks het lesgeld kon betalen, laat staan de
+leesheffing. Het lezen van zijn boeken zou weleens haar enige kans kunnen
+zijn op een diploma. Hijzelf was er zich maar al te zeer van bewust; hij had
+zichzelf zwaar in de schulden moeten steken om de leesheffingen te kunnen
+betalen van alle wetenschappelijke publicaties die hij las. (10% van de
+heffingen ging naar de onderzoekers die de artikelen schreven en aangezien
+Dirk een wetenschappelijke carriére nastreefde hoopte hij in de
+toekomst met zijn eigen wetenschappelijke publicaties zijn lening terug te
+kunnen betalen, mits zijn publicaties maar vaak genoeg zouden worden
+gerefereerd.)</p>
<p>
Later zou Dirk erachter komen dat er een tijd was geweest waarin iedereen
vrijelijk naar de bibliotheek kon gaan om er publicaties te lezen, en zelfs
-boeken, zonder daarvoor te betalen. Er bestonden toen onafhankelijke studenten
-en onderwijzers die duizenden pagina's lazen zonder bibliotheeksubsidie van de
-overheid. Maar rond 1990 begonnen zowel commerciële als
niet-commerciële
-uitgevers geld te vragen voor toegang. Tegen 2047 was zelfs de <em>
-herinnering</em> aan bibliotheken die vrijelijk toegang boden vervaagd.
-</p>
-
-<p>
-Natuurlijk waren er manieren om de SBD en Centraal Licentiebeheer te omzeilen.
-Maar die waren illegaal. Dirk kende een klasgenoot in Software, Frank
Martucci,
-die een illegaal debug-programma op de kop had getikt wat hij gebruikte om de
-code van de auteursrechtenagent over te slaan wanneer hij boeken las. Maar hij
-had het teveel rondgebazuind en iemand had hem verraden aan de SBD voor een
-beloning (studenten die zwaar in de schulden zaten kwamen makkelijk tot
-verraad). In 2047 belandde Frank in de gevangenis. Niet voor lees-piraterij
-maar voor het in bezit hebben van een debug-programma.
-</p>
+boeken, zonder daarvoor te betalen. Er bestonden toen onafhankelijke
+studenten en onderwijzers die duizenden pagina's lazen zonder
+bibliotheeksubsidie van de overheid. Maar rond 1990 begonnen zowel
+commerciële als niet-commerciële uitgevers geld te vragen voor
+toegang. Tegen 2047 was zelfs de <em> herinnering</em> aan bibliotheken die
+vrijelijk toegang boden vervaagd.</p>
+
+<p>
+Natuurlijk waren er manieren om de SBD en Centraal Licentiebeheer te
+omzeilen. Maar die waren illegaal. Dirk kende een klasgenoot in Software,
+Frank Martucci, die een illegaal debug-programma op de kop had getikt wat
+hij gebruikte om de code van de auteursrechtenagent over te slaan wanneer
+hij boeken las. Maar hij had het teveel rondgebazuind en iemand had hem
+verraden aan de SBD voor een beloning (studenten die zwaar in de schulden
+zaten kwamen makkelijk tot verraad). In 2047 belandde Frank in de
+gevangenis. Niet voor lees-piraterij maar voor het in bezit hebben van een
+debug-programma.</p>
<p>
Dirk zou er later achter komen dat er een tijd was geweest dat iedereen
dergelijke programma's mocht hebben. Er waren zelfs vrije debug-programma's
verkrijgbaar op CD en via het net. Maar lezers gingen ze gebruiken om
auteursrechtagenten te omzeilen en uiteindelijk bepaalde een rechter dat
-debug-programma's hoofdzakelijk gebruikt werden voor dit doel. En dat
betekende
-dus dat ze illegaal waren; de ontwikkelaars van debug-programma's belandden in
-de cel.
-</p>
+debug-programma's hoofdzakelijk gebruikt werden voor dit doel. En dat
+betekende dus dat ze illegaal waren; de ontwikkelaars van debug-programma's
+belandden in de cel.</p>
<p>
Programmeurs hadden natuurlijk nog steeds debug-programma's nodig maar
-exemplaren werden in 2047 alleen nog in genummerde oplagen verspreid, en
alleen
-aan officieel geregistreerde programmeurs. Het debug-programma wat Dirk in de
-lessen gebruikte zat achter een speciale firewall zodat deze alleen voor de
-lessen kon worden gebruikt.
-</p>
+exemplaren werden in 2047 alleen nog in genummerde oplagen verspreid, en
+alleen aan officieel geregistreerde programmeurs. Het debug-programma wat
+Dirk in de lessen gebruikte zat achter een speciale firewall zodat deze
+alleen voor de lessen kon worden gebruikt.</p>
<p>
Het was ook mogelijk de agenten te omzeilen met een geprepareerd
besturingssysteem. Dirk zou er al gauw achter komen dat er rond de
eeuwwisseling vrije besturingssystemen waren. Ze waren echter niet alleen
-verboden, net als debug-programma's—je zou er alleen een
-kunnen installeren als je het systeemwachtwoord wist. En noch de <abbr
-title="Federal Bureau of Investigation">FBI</abbr>, noch Microsoft support zou
-je die geven.
-</p>
-
-<p>
-Dirk kwam tot de conclusie dat hij Lisa zijn computer niet kon lenen. Maar hij
-wilde haar wel helpen want hij was smoorverliefd op haar. Iedere keer dat hij
-haar ontmoette voelde hij de vlinders in zijn buik. En dat ze uitgerekend
-hém vroeg haar te helpen zou wel eens kunnen betekenen dat zij ook wat
-voor hem voelde.
-</p>
-
-<p>
-Dirk loste het dilemma uiteindelijk op door iets nog gewaagders te doen—
-hij leende Lisa zijn computer en vertelde haar zijn wachtwoord. Op die manier,
-wanneer Lisa zijn boeken zou lezen, zou Centraal Licentiebeheer denken dat hij
-het was die ze las. Het was nog steeds een misdaad maar de SBD zou er niet
-automatisch achter komen. Dat zou alleen gebeuren wanneer Lisa hem zou
verraden.
-</p>
+verboden, net als debug-programma's—je zou er alleen een kunnen
+installeren als je het systeemwachtwoord wist. En noch de <abbr
+title="Federal Bureau of Investigation">FBI</abbr>, noch Microsoft support
+zou je die geven.</p>
+
+<p>
+Dirk kwam tot de conclusie dat hij Lisa zijn computer niet kon lenen. Maar
+hij wilde haar wel helpen want hij was smoorverliefd op haar. Iedere keer
+dat hij haar ontmoette voelde hij de vlinders in zijn buik. En dat ze
+uitgerekend hém vroeg haar te helpen zou wel eens kunnen betekenen
+dat zij ook wat voor hem voelde.</p>
+
+<p>
+Dirk loste het dilemma uiteindelijk op door iets nog gewaagders te
+doen— hij leende Lisa zijn computer en vertelde haar zijn
+wachtwoord. Op die manier, wanneer Lisa zijn boeken zou lezen, zou Centraal
+Licentiebeheer denken dat hij het was die ze las. Het was nog steeds een
+misdaad maar de SBD zou er niet automatisch achter komen. Dat zou alleen
+gebeuren wanneer Lisa hem zou verraden.</p>
<p>
Uiteraard zouden zowel hij als Lisa het als studenten kunnen vergeten op
-school, wanneer die er ooit achter zou komen, of Lisa die boeken nu zou lezen
-of niet. Het standpunt van de school was dat wanneer er geknoeid werd met de
-manier waarop zij het gebruik van computers controleerden, dit reden was voor
-strafmaatregelen. Het maakte daarbij niet uit of je er kwaad mee
deed—het
-knoeien belemmerde de leiding in zijn controlerende functie. Ze namen daarbij
-automatisch aan dat je dus iets illegaals aan het doen was en het
interesseerde
-ze daarbij niet wat dat dan was.
-</p>
-
-<p>
-studenten werden voor dit vergrijp niet van school gestuurd—niet meteen.
-In plaats daarvan werd hen de toegang tot de schoolcomputers ontzegd, zodat ze
-uiteindelijk hun tentamens niet konden halen.
-</p>
-
-<p>
-Dirk zou er later achter komen dat dit universiteitsbeleid ergens rond 1980
was
-begonnen, toen studenten in grote getale computers gingen gebruiken.
-Daarvóór hadden universiteiten een ander beleid. Alleen
activiteiten
-die schadelijk waren werden bestraft, niet de activiteiten die slechts
verdacht
-waren.
-</p>
+school, wanneer die er ooit achter zou komen, of Lisa die boeken nu zou
+lezen of niet. Het standpunt van de school was dat wanneer er geknoeid werd
+met de manier waarop zij het gebruik van computers controleerden, dit reden
+was voor strafmaatregelen. Het maakte daarbij niet uit of je er kwaad mee
+deed—het knoeien belemmerde de leiding in zijn controlerende
+functie. Ze namen daarbij automatisch aan dat je dus iets illegaals aan het
+doen was en het interesseerde ze daarbij niet wat dat dan was.</p>
+
+<p>
+studenten werden voor dit vergrijp niet van school gestuurd—niet
+meteen. In plaats daarvan werd hen de toegang tot de schoolcomputers
+ontzegd, zodat ze uiteindelijk hun tentamens niet konden halen.</p>
+
+<p>
+Dirk zou er later achter komen dat dit universiteitsbeleid ergens rond 1980
+was begonnen, toen studenten in grote getale computers gingen gebruiken.
+Daarvóór hadden universiteiten een ander beleid. Alleen
+activiteiten die schadelijk waren werden bestraft, niet de activiteiten die
+slechts verdacht waren.</p>
<p>
Lisa verraadde Dirk niet aan de SBD. Zijn besluit haar te helpen mondde
uiteindelijk uit in een huwelijk en zaaide twijfel over wat hen als kinderen
-was geleerd over piraterij. Het paar begon de geschiedenis van het
auteursrecht
-uit te pluizen, over de Sovjet Unie met haar kopieer-beperkingen en zelfs over
-de originele Amerikaanse grondwet. Ze verhuisden naar Luna, alwaar ze
-gelijkgestemden ontmoetten die ook gevlucht waren voor de lange arm van de
SBD.
-Toen de Tycho revolutie in 2062 begon werd het centrale thema hiervan het
-universele recht om te lezen.
-</p>
+was geleerd over piraterij. Het paar begon de geschiedenis van het
+auteursrecht uit te pluizen, over de Sovjet Unie met haar
+kopieer-beperkingen en zelfs over de originele Amerikaanse grondwet. Ze
+verhuisden naar Luna, alwaar ze gelijkgestemden ontmoetten die ook gevlucht
+waren voor de lange arm van de SBD. Toen de Tycho revolutie in 2062 begon
+werd het centrale thema hiervan het universele recht om te lezen.</p>
<h3 id="AuthorsNote">Opmerkingen van de auteur</h3>
-<p>Deze opmerkingen zijn in 2007 bijgewerkt.</p>
+<p>[Deze voetnoot is meerdere keren bijgewerkt sinds de eerste publicatie.]</p>
<p>
-Het recht om te lezen is een strijd die nu wordt gestreden. Ook al kan het 50
-jaar duren voordat onze manier van leven in de vergetelheid raakt, het meeste
-van boven beschreven wetten en voorschriften zijn al voorgesteld; veel ervan
is
-al verwerkt in Amerikaanse en andere wetten. In de VS werd in 1998 de
-“Digital Millenium Copyright Act” van kracht waarin een juridische
basis
-werd gelegd voor het beperken van het lezen en uitlenen van electronische
-boeken (en andere werken). De Europese Unie kwam met eenzelfde richtlijn in
-2001 aangaande auteursrecht. In Frankrijk is het inmiddels een misdaad, onder
-de uit 2006 stammende DADVSI-wet, om een kopie te bezitten van het programma
-DeCSS, een vrij programma voor het ontcijferen van DVD-versleuteling.
-</p>
+Het recht om te lezen is een strijd die nu wordt gestreden. Ook al kan het
+50 jaar duren voordat onze manier van leven in de vergetelheid raakt, het
+meeste van boven beschreven wetten en voorschriften zijn al voorgesteld;
+veel ervan is al verwerkt in Amerikaanse en andere wetten. In de VS werd in
+1998 de “Digital Millenium Copyright Act” van kracht waarin een
+juridische basis werd gelegd voor het beperken van het lezen en uitlenen van
+electronische boeken (en andere werken). De Europese Unie kwam met eenzelfde
+richtlijn in 2001 aangaande auteursrecht. In Frankrijk is het inmiddels een
+misdaad, onder de uit 2006 stammende DADVSI-wet, om een kopie te bezitten
+van het programma DeCSS, een vrij programma voor het ontcijferen van
+DVD-versleuteling.</p>
<p>
In 2001 kwam senator Hollings, gesponsored door Disney, met een wetsvoorstel
-genaamd SSSCA waarin het verplicht werd gesteld om iedere nieuwe computer uit
-te rusten met een kopieerbeveiliging waar de gebruiker niet bij kan. Samen met
-de Clipper chip en daarop gelijkende voorstellen van de Amerikaanse overheid,
-duidt dit op een trend: computersystemen worden meer en meer ingericht om
-invloedrijke derden controle te geven over de daadwerkelijke gebruikers van
een
-systeem. De SSSCA werd later omgedoopt tot het onuitspreekbare CBDTPA, in de
-volksmond beter bekend als de “Consume But Don't Try Programming Act
-”.
+genaamd SSSCA waarin het verplicht werd gesteld om iedere nieuwe computer
+uit te rusten met een kopieerbeveiliging waar de gebruiker niet bij
+kan. Samen met de Clipper chip en daarop gelijkende voorstellen van de
+Amerikaanse overheid, duidt dit op een trend: computersystemen worden meer
+en meer ingericht om invloedrijke derden controle te geven over de
+daadwerkelijke gebruikers van een systeem. De SSSCA werd later omgedoopt tot
+het onuitspreekbare CBDTPA, in de volksmond beter bekend als de
+“Consume But Don't Try Programming Act ”.
</p>
<p>
-De Republikeinen kregen kort daarna de meerderheid in de senaat. Zij zijn niet
-zo afhankelijk van Hollywood als de Democraten en hebben dus geen druk gezet
-achter deze voorstellen. Nu de Democraten weer de meerderheid hebben neemt ook
-het gevaar weer toe.
-</p>
-
-<p>
-In 2001 begon de VS, onder de paraplu van de Amerikaanse vrijhandelszone, met
-pogingen dezelfde restricties toe te passen op het gehele Amerikaanse
-continent. De FTAA is een zogenaamde “vrijhandels”-overeenkomst
die
-er eigenlijk is om het bedrijfsleven meer macht te geven over democratisch
-gekozen regeringen; het toepassen van wetten als de DMCA is daar een typisch
-voorbeeld van. De FTAA werd grondig om zeep geholpen door Lula, president van
-Brazilië, die wetten als de DMCA en anderen afwees.
-</p>
+De Republikeinen kregen kort daarna de meerderheid in de senaat. Zij zijn
+niet zo afhankelijk van Hollywood als de Democraten en hebben dus geen druk
+gezet achter deze voorstellen. Nu de Democraten weer de meerderheid hebben
+neemt ook het gevaar weer toe.</p>
+
+<p>
+In 2001 begon de VS, onder de paraplu van de Amerikaanse vrijhandelszone,
+met pogingen dezelfde restricties toe te passen op het gehele Amerikaanse
+continent. De FTAA is een zogenaamde “vrijhandels”-overeenkomst
+die er eigenlijk is om het bedrijfsleven meer macht te geven over
+democratisch gekozen regeringen; het toepassen van wetten als de DMCA is
+daar een typisch voorbeeld van. De FTAA werd grondig om zeep geholpen door
+Lula, president van Brazilië, die wetten als de DMCA en anderen
afwees.</p>
<p>
Sindsdien heeft de VS geprobeerd restricties op te leggen aan landen als
-Australië en Mexico via bilaterale
“vrijhandels”-overeenkomsten,
-en aan landen als Costa Rica via de CAFTA. President Correa
-van Ecuador weigerde de “vrijhandels”-overeenkomst te tekenen maar
-Ecuador heeft reeds in 2003 een wet aangenomen die op de DMCA lijkt. De nieuwe
-grondwet van Ecuador opent wellicht de mogelijkheid om hiervan af te komen.
-</p>
+Australië en Mexico via bilaterale
+“vrijhandels”-overeenkomsten, en aan landen als Costa Rica via
+de CAFTA. President Correa van Ecuador weigerde de
+“vrijhandels”-overeenkomst te tekenen maar Ecuador heeft reeds
+in 2003 een wet aangenomen die op de DMCA lijkt. De nieuwe grondwet van
+Ecuador opent wellicht de mogelijkheid om hiervan af te komen.</p>
<p>
Één van de ideeën uit het verhaal is pas in 2002
-voorgesteld. Dat is het voorstel waarbij de <abbr>FBI</abbr> en Microsoft het
-systeemwachtwoord van je systeem beheren en het jou niet geven.
-</p>
+voorgesteld. Dat is het voorstel waarbij de <abbr>FBI</abbr> en Microsoft
+het systeemwachtwoord van je systeem beheren en het jou niet geven.</p>
<p>
Voorstanders van deze voorstellen noemen het “trusted computing”
-(“vertrouwd computeren”) en “palladium”. Wij noemen
het
-<a href="/philosophy/can-you-trust.nl.html">“treacherous
computing”</a>
-(“verraderlijk computeren”), omdat het netto effect is dat
-computers naar derden gaan luisteren en niet naar jou. Het werd toegepast in
-2007 als onderdeel van <a href="http://badvista.org/";>Windows Vista</a>; we
-verwachten dat Apple snel zal volgen. In deze toepassing is het de fabrikant
-die het wachtwoord beheert maar de <abbr>FBI</abbr> zal weinig moeite hebben
om
-dit te achterhalen.
-</p>
+(“vertrouwd computeren”) en “palladium”. Wij noemen
+het <a href="/philosophy/can-you-trust.nl.html">“treacherous
+computing”</a> (“verraderlijk computeren”), omdat het
+netto effect is dat computers naar derden gaan luisteren en niet naar
+jou. Het werd toegepast in 2007 als onderdeel van <a
+href="http://badvista.org/";>Windows Vista</a>; we verwachten dat Apple snel
+zal volgen. In deze toepassing is het de fabrikant die het wachtwoord
+beheert maar de <abbr>FBI</abbr> zal weinig moeite hebben om dit te
+achterhalen.</p>
<p>
Wat Microsoft beheerd is niet precies een wachtwoord zoals we dat kennen;
niemand zal het ooit hoeven intikken. Het is meer een handtekening en een
-versleutelde sleutel die overeenkomt met een tweede sleutel in jouw computer.
-Dit geeft Microsoft, en mogelijk ieder website die met Microsoft samenwerkt,
-totale controle over wat een gebruiker kan doen op zijn computer.
-</p>
+versleutelde sleutel die overeenkomt met een tweede sleutel in jouw
+computer. Dit geeft Microsoft, en mogelijk ieder website die met Microsoft
+samenwerkt, totale controle over wat een gebruiker kan doen op zijn
+computer.</p>
<p>
Vista geeft Microsoft nog meer macht; Microsoft kan bijvoorbeeld een
-installatie van upgrades afdwingen, en het kan alle machines die Vista hebben
-opdragen om bepaalde stuurprogramma's te weigeren. Het primaire doel van de
-vele beperkingen van Vista is om DRM te krijgen waar gebruikers geen controle
-over hebben.
-</p>
-
-<p>
-De SBD (SPA in de onvertaalde versie, of “Software Protection Agency
-”) staat eigenlijk voor “Software Publisher's Association”
en
-is inmiddels vervangen door de BSA of Business Software Alliance. Het is op
dit
-moment geen officiële politiemacht maar treedt wel zo op. Ze gebruiken
-methoden die aan het oude Russische communistische regime doen denken en
-nodigen mensen uit hun collega's en vrienden te verraden. Een terreurcampagne
-van de BSA in Argentinië in 2001 suggereerde dat mensen die software
-deelden verkracht zouden worden.
-</p>
+installatie van upgrades afdwingen, en het kan alle machines die Vista
+hebben opdragen om bepaalde stuurprogramma's te weigeren. Het primaire doel
+van de vele beperkingen van Vista is om DRM te krijgen waar gebruikers geen
+controle over hebben. De DRM bedreiging is de aanleiding voor de <a
+href="http://DefectiveByDesign.org";> Defective by Design</a> campagne.</p>
<p>
Ten tijde van dit schrijven chanteerde de SPA kleine Internetaanbieders en
eisten dat de SPA alle gebruikers kon controleren. De meeste aanbieders
-zwichtte onder deze druk omdat ze zich geen proces konden veroorloven (Atlanta
-Journal-Constitution, 1 Okt 96, D3.). Tenminste één aanbieder,
-Community ConneXion in Oakland, Californië, weigerde en werd prompt voor
-de rechter gedaagd. De SPA zette het proces niet door maar verkreeg in plaats
-daarvan wel de DMCA, die hen de macht geeft die ze zochten.
-</p>
+zwichtte onder deze druk omdat ze zich geen proces konden veroorloven
+(Atlanta Journal-Constitution, 1 Okt 96, D3.). Tenminste één
+aanbieder, Community ConneXion in Oakland, Californië, weigerde en werd
+prompt voor de rechter gedaagd. De SPA zette het proces niet door maar
+verkreeg in plaats daarvan wel de DMCA, die hen de macht geeft die ze
+zochten.</p>
<p>
-Het beleid van de universiteit met betrekking tot beveiliging is niet
verzonnen. Computers op een universiteit bij Chigago laten deze boodschap zien
wanneer je inlogt:
-</p>
+De SBD (SPA in de onvertaalde versie, of “Software Protection Agency
+”) staat eigenlijk voor “Software Publisher's Association”
+en is inmiddels vervangen door de BSA of Business Software Alliance. Het is
+op dit moment geen officiële politiemacht maar treedt wel zo op. Ze
+gebruiken methoden die aan het oude Russische communistische regime doen
+denken en nodigen mensen uit hun collega's en vrienden te verraden. Een
+terreurcampagne van de BSA in Argentinië in 2001 suggereerde dat mensen
+die software deelden verkracht zouden worden.</p>
+
+<p>
+Het beleid van de universiteit met betrekking tot beveiliging is niet
+verzonnen. Computers op een universiteit bij Chigago laten deze boodschap
+zien wanneer je inlogt:</p>
<blockquote><p>
-Dit systeem mag alleen worden gebruikt door bevoegde personen. Activiteiten
van
-allen die niet bevoegd zijn of buiten hun bevoegdheden treden worden
-gecontroleerd en vastgelegd door de beheerders. Door de controle op
onbevoegden
-kan het zijn dat ook activiteiten van bevoegde gebruikers wordt vastgelegd.
-Eenieder die dit systeem gebruikt stemt erin toe dat dit gebeurt en dat bewijs
-van illegale activiteiten die hieruit voortvloeien, door de beheerders kan
-worden aangeleverd als bewijs aan de universiteit en/of de autoriteiten.
+Dit systeem mag alleen worden gebruikt door bevoegde personen. Activiteiten
+van allen die niet bevoegd zijn of buiten hun bevoegdheden treden worden
+gecontroleerd en vastgelegd door de beheerders. Door de controle op
+onbevoegden kan het zijn dat ook activiteiten van bevoegde gebruikers wordt
+vastgelegd. Eenieder die dit systeem gebruikt stemt erin toe dat dit
+gebeurt en dat bewijs van illegale activiteiten die hieruit voortvloeien,
+door de beheerders kan worden aangeleverd als bewijs aan de universiteit
+en/of de autoriteiten.
</p></blockquote>
<p>
-Dit is een interessante toepassing van het vierde amendement: zet iedereen bij
-voorbaat onder druk om af te zien van hun rechten.
+Dit is een interessante toepassing van het vierde amendement: zet iedereen
+bij voorbaat onder druk om af te zien van hun rechten.</p>
+
+<h3 id="BadNews">Slecht Nieuws</h3>
+
+<p>
+De slag om het leesrecht is al in volle gang. De vijand is goed
+georganiseerd, wij niet. We zijn dus in het nadeel. Hier wat artikelen over
+diverse slechte ontwikkelingen op dit gebied sinds de publicatie van dit
+artikel.</p>
+
+<ul>
+<li>Huidige e-boeken <a href="/philosophy/the-danger-of-ebooks.html"> ontnemen
+lezers hun traditionele vrijheden.</a></li>
+<li><a href="http://www.nature.com/nature_education/biology.html";> Een
"biologie
+lesboek" site</a> die je alleen kan bekijken wanneer je <a
+href="http://www.nature.com/principles/viewTermsOfUse";> belooft het aan
+niemand uit te lenen</a>, en toegang kan de uitgever nog steeds ontzeggen
+wanneer hij maar wil.</li>
+<li><a
+href="http://www.zdnet.com/news/seybold-opens-chapter-on-digital-books/103151";>Electronic
+Publishing:</a> Een artikel over het verspreiden van boeken in electronsiche
+vorm en bijbehorende auteursrechten over het recht een kopie te lezen.</li>
+<li><a
+href="http://www.microsoft.com/en-us/news/press/1999/Aug99/SeyboldPR.aspx";>Boeken
+in computers:</a> Software om te bepalen wie er boeken en documenten mag
+lezen op een PC.</li>
+</ul>
+
+<p>Wanneer we een halt willen toeroepen aan het slechte nieuws moeten we ons
+organiseren en vechten. De FSF's <a href="http://defectivebydesign.org";>
+Defective by Design</a> campagne is gestart — sluit je aan bij de
+mailinglijst om hulp te bieden. En <a
+href="http://www.fsf.org/associate";>sluit je aan bij de FSF</a>.
</p>
<h3 id="References">Referenties</h3>
<ul>
- <li>The administration's “White Paper”: Information
- Infrastructure Task Force, Intellectual Property and the
- National Information Infrastructure: Het rapport van de werkgroep over
- intellectueel eigendom (1995).</li>
+ <li>The administration's “White Paper”: Information
Infrastructure
+Task Force, Intellectual Property [<a
+href="/philosophy/not-ipr.html">sic</a>] and the National Information
+Infrastructure: Het rapport van de werkgroep over intellectueel eigendom
+(1995).</li>
<li><a href="http://www.wired.com/wired/archive/4.01/white.paper_pr.html";>An
- explanation of the White Paper: The Copyright Grab</a>, Pamela
- Samuelson, Wired, Jan. 1996</li>
+explanation of the White Paper: The Copyright Grab</a>, Pamela Samuelson,
+Wired, Jan. 1996</li>
- <li><a href="http://www.law.duke.edu/boylesite/sold_out.htm";>Sold Out</a>,
- James Boyle, New York Times, 31 Maart 1996</li>
+ <li><a href="http://www.law.duke.edu/boylesite/Sold_out.htm";>Sold Out</a>,
James
+Boyle, New York Times, 31 Maart 1996</li>
- <li>Public Data or Private Data, Washington Post, 4 Nov 1996. We hadden hier
- vroeger een link naartoe maar de Washington Post heeft besloten tot
- betaalde toegang en daarom hebben we besloten de link te
verwijderen.</li>
+ <li><a
+href="http://www.interesting-people.org/archives/interesting-people/199611/msg00012.html";>Public
+Data or Private Data</a>, Washington Post, 4 Nov 1996. </li>
<li><a href="http://www.public-domain.org/";>Union for the Public
- Domain</a>—een organisatie die tot doel heeft het doorslaan van
- auteursrechten en patenten tegen te gaan.</li>
+Domain</a>—een organisatie die tot doel heeft het doorslaan van
+auteursrechten en patenten tegen te gaan.</li>
</ul>
<hr />
-<h4>Dit verhaal is uitgebracht
-in <a href="http://shop.fsf.org/product/free-software-free-society/";><cite>Free
+<h4>Dit verhaal is uitgebracht in <a
+href="http://shop.fsf.org/product/free-software-free-society/";><cite>Free
Software, Free Society: The Selected Essays of Richard
M. Stallman</cite></a>.</h4>
<p><strong>Andere artikelen die je kunt lezen</strong></p>
<ul>
- <li><a href="/philosophy/philosophy.nl.html">De filosofie van het
- GNU Project</a></li>
- <li><a
href="http://www.computerworld.com/managementtopics/management/opinion/story/0,10801,49358,00.html";
- id="COPYPROCTECTION">Copy Protection: Just Say No</a>,
- Gepubliceerd door Computer World.</li>
+ <li><a href="/philosophy/philosophy.nl.html">De filosofie van het GNU
+Project</a></li>
+ <li><a
+href="http://www.computerworld.com/s/article/49358/Copy_Protection_Just_Say_No";
+id="COPYPROCTECTION">Copy Protection: Just Say No</a>, Gepubliceerd door
+Computer World.</li>
</ul>
-<p>
-De <a href="#AuthorsNote">opmerkingen van de auteur</a> gaan over de strijd
-voor het recht om te lezen en electronsiche bewaking. Deze strijd begint nu;
-hier zijn links naar twee artikelen over technologieën die op dit moment
-worden ontwikkeld om jouw het recht om te lezen te ontzeggen.
-</p>
-<ul>
-<li><a
href="http://www.zdnet.com/zdnn/stories/news/0,4586,2324939,00.html";>Electronic
- Publishing:</a> Een artikel over het verspreiden van boeken in
- electronsiche vorm en bijbehorende auteursrechten over het recht een kopie
- te lezen.</li>
-<li><a
href="http://channels.microsoft.com/presspass/press/1999/Aug99/SeyboldPR.asp";>Boeken
- in computers:</a> Software om te bepalen wie er boeken en documenten mag
- lezen op een PC.</li>
-</ul>
+<div style="font-size: small;">
+
+<!--TRANSLATORS: Use space (SPC) as msgstr if you don't have notes.-->
+ </div>
</div>
-<!--#include virtual="/server/footer.html" -->
+<!--#include virtual="/server/footer.nl.html" -->
<div id="footer">
<p>
-Gelieve vragen over FSF & GNU te sturen naar
-<a href="mailto:address@hidden";><em>address@hidden</em></a>.
-There are also <a href="/contact/">andere manieren om in contact te komen</a>
-met de FSF.
+Gelieve vragen over FSF & GNU te sturen naar <a
+href="mailto:address@hidden";><address@hidden></a>. Er zijn ook nog <a
+href="/contact/">andere manieren om in contact te komen</a> met de FSF.
<br />
-Gelieve meldingen van verkeerde links en andere verbeteringen (of suggesties)
-te sturen aan:
-<a href="mailto:address@hidden";><em>address@hidden</em></a>.
+Gelieve meldingen van verkeerde links en andere verbeteringen (of
+suggesties) te sturen aan: <a
+href="mailto:address@hidden";><address@hidden></a>.
</p>
<p>
Zie <a href="/server/standards/README.translations.html">Translations
-README</a> voor nadere informatie over het eventueel vertalen van dit artikel.
+README</a> voor nadere informatie over het eventueel vertalen van dit
+artikel.
</p>
<p>
-Copyright © 1996 Richard Stallman
+Copyright © 1996, 2002, 2007, 2009, 2010 Richard Stallman
<br />
-Het letterlijk overnemen en kopiëren van dit artikel is toegestaan op
-willekeurig welk medium op voorwaarde dat deze mededeling ook wordt meegenomen.
+Deze pagina valt onder de <a rel="license"
+href="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nd/3.0/us/";>Creative Commons
+Attribution-NoDerivs 3.0 United States Licentie</a>.
</p>
-<p>
-Updated:
+
+<div class="translators-credits">
+
+<!--TRANSLATORS: Use space (SPC) as msgstr if you don't want credits.-->
+ </div>
+
+
+ <p>
<!-- timestamp start -->
-$Date: 2012/12/24 13:59:57 $
+Bijgewerkt:
+
+$Date: 2013/01/02 16:28:35 $
+
<!-- timestamp end -->
</p>
</div>
-<div id="translations">
-<h4>Translations of this page</h4>
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-<!-- Portuguese -->
-<li><a
href="/philosophy/right-to-read.pt.html">Português</a> [pt]</li>
-<!-- Russian -->
-<li><a
href="/philosophy/right-to-read.ru.html">Русский</a> [ru]</li>
-<!-- Slovenian -->
-<li><a href="/philosophy/right-to-read.sl.html">Slovensko</a> [sl]</li>
-<!-- Swedish -->
-<li><a href="/philosophy/right-to-read.sv.html">Svenska</a> [sv]</li>
-</ul>
-</div>
</div>
</body>
</html>
Index: philosophy/speeches-and-interview.fr.html
===================================================================
RCS file: /web/www/www/philosophy/speeches-and-interview.fr.html,v
retrieving revision 1.38
retrieving revision 1.39
diff -u -b -r1.38 -r1.39
--- philosophy/speeches-and-interview.fr.html 30 Dec 2012 12:58:49 -0000
1.38
+++ philosophy/speeches-and-interview.fr.html 2 Jan 2013 16:28:35 -0000
1.39
@@ -201,9 +201,10 @@
également disponible.</li>
<li>Entretien avec <a href="http://www.stallman.org";>Richard Stallman</a>
-en 2002 sur <a href="/philosophy/rms-hack.html">éthique et communauté du
-hacker</a>, cet entretien est aussi <a
-href="http://www.uta.fi/~fiteva/rms_int_fi.html";>disponible en
finnois</a>.</li>
+en 2002 sur <a href="/philosophy/rms-hack.html">Ãthique et communauté du
+hacker</a>Â ; cet entretien est aussi <a
+href="http://web.archive.org/web/20100903110335/http://www.uta.fi/~fiteva/rms_int_fi.html";>disponible
+en finnois</a>.</li>
<li>Entretien avec <a href="http://www.stallman.org";>Richard Stallman</a> :
<a
href="http://www.mytech.it/mytech/internet/art006010045404.jsp";><cite>Perché
l'open source non è tutto</cite> (Parce que l'open source n'est pas tout),
@@ -385,7 +386,7 @@
<!-- timestamp start -->
Dernière mise à jour :
-$Date: 2012/12/30 12:58:49 $
+$Date: 2013/01/02 16:28:35 $
<!-- timestamp end -->
</p>
Index: philosophy/third-party-ideas.fr.html
===================================================================
RCS file: /web/www/www/philosophy/third-party-ideas.fr.html,v
retrieving revision 1.41
retrieving revision 1.42
diff -u -b -r1.41 -r1.42
--- philosophy/third-party-ideas.fr.html 4 Nov 2012 17:29:05 -0000
1.41
+++ philosophy/third-party-ideas.fr.html 2 Jan 2013 16:28:35 -0000
1.42
@@ -190,14 +190,12 @@
sont toujours valables aujourd'hui.</li>
- <li><a
-href="http://web.archive.org/web/20050214010807/http://www.openrevolt.org/";>openrevolt.org
-[page archivée]</a> est un site d'information à propos de la directive
-européenne sur le droit d'auteur et lois similaires. Elle se concentre sur
+ <li>openrevolt.org était un site d'information à propos de la directive
+européenne sur le droit d'auteur et lois similaires. Il se concentrait sur
les deux problèmes principaux de l'<abbr title="European Union Copyright
-Directive">EUCD</abbr>Â : elle facilite la censure des pages web chez les FAI
-pour les détenteurs de copyright et elle donne une protection juridique aux
-mesures de protection contre la copie.</li>
+Directive">EUCD</abbr> : faciliter aux détenteurs de copyright la censure de
+pages web chez les fournisseurs de services Internet, et donner une
+protection juridique aux mesures de protection contre la copie.</li>
<li><a href="http://www.chillingeffects.org";>Chilling Effects</a> est un
lieu de
collecte pour les ordonnances de cessation et d'abstention <cite>[cease and
@@ -519,7 +517,7 @@
<!-- timestamp start -->
Dernière mise à jour :
-$Date: 2012/11/04 17:29:05 $
+$Date: 2013/01/02 16:28:35 $
<!-- timestamp end -->
</p>
Index: philosophy/w3c-patent.nl.html
===================================================================
RCS file: /web/www/www/philosophy/w3c-patent.nl.html,v
retrieving revision 1.1
retrieving revision 1.2
diff -u -b -r1.1 -r1.2
--- philosophy/w3c-patent.nl.html 26 Aug 2007 20:07:41 -0000 1.1
+++ philosophy/w3c-patent.nl.html 2 Jan 2013 16:28:36 -0000 1.2
@@ -11,6 +11,13 @@
eenieder om dit kenbaar te maken bij de laatste stemming." />
<!--#include virtual="/server/banner.html" -->
+<!--#set var="PO_FILE"
+ value='<a href="http://www.gnu.org/philosophy/po/w3c-patent.nl.po";>
+ http://www.gnu.org/philosophy/po/w3c-patent.nl.po</a>' -->
+ <!--#set var="ORIGINAL_FILE" value="/philosophy/w3c-patent.html" -->
+ <!--#set var="DIFF_FILE" value="" -->
+ <!--#set var="OUTDATED_SINCE" value="2012-11-03" -->
+ <!--#include virtual="/server/outdated.nl.html" -->
<h2 style="text-align:center">Het standpunt van de FSF over het beleid van
kosteloze Patenten bij het W3 Consortium</h2>
<p style="text-align:center">
@@ -202,7 +209,7 @@
<p>
Updated:
<!-- timestamp start -->
-$Date: 2007/08/26 20:07:41 $
+$Date: 2013/01/02 16:28:36 $
<!-- timestamp end -->
</p>
</div>
Index: philosophy/po/open-source-misses-the-point.sq-en.html
===================================================================
RCS file: /web/www/www/philosophy/po/open-source-misses-the-point.sq-en.html,v
retrieving revision 1.4
retrieving revision 1.5
diff -u -b -r1.4 -r1.5
--- philosophy/po/open-source-misses-the-point.sq-en.html 18 Dec 2012
12:56:39 -0000 1.4
+++ philosophy/po/open-source-misses-the-point.sq-en.html 2 Jan 2013
16:28:36 -0000 1.5
@@ -1,9 +1,11 @@
<!--#include virtual="/server/header.html" -->
+<!-- Parent-Version: 1.70 -->
-<title>Why Open Source Misses the Point of Free Software - GNU Project - Free
Software Foundation (FSF)</title>
+<title>Why Open Source Misses the Point of Free Software - GNU Project -
+Free Software Foundation (FSF)</title>
<!--#include virtual="/server/banner.html" -->
-<!--#include virtual="/philosophy/po/open-source-misses-the-point.translist"
-->
+ <!--#include virtual="/philosophy/po/open-source-misses-the-point.translist"
-->
<h2>Why Open Source misses the point of Free Software</h2>
@@ -17,28 +19,29 @@
beer.”</p>
<p>These freedoms are vitally important. They are essential, not just
-for the individual users' sake, but for society as a whole because they
promote social
-solidarity—that is, sharing and cooperation. They become even
-more important as our culture and life activities are increasingly digitized.
-In a world of digital sounds, images, and words, free
-software becomes increasingly essential for freedom in general.</p>
+for the individual users' sake, but for society as a whole because they
+promote social solidarity—that is, sharing and cooperation. They
+become even more important as our culture and life activities are
+increasingly digitized. In a world of digital sounds, images, and words,
+free software becomes increasingly essential for freedom in general.</p>
<p>Tens of millions of people around the world now use free software;
-the public schools of some regions of India and Spain now teach all students to
-use the free <a href="/gnu/linux-and-gnu.html">GNU/Linux operating
-system</a>. Most of these users, however, have never heard of the ethical
-reasons for which we developed this system and built the free software
-community, because nowadays this system and community are more often
-spoken of as “open source”, attributing them to a different
-philosophy in which these freedoms are hardly mentioned.</p>
+the public schools of some regions of India and Spain now teach all
+students to use the free <a href="/gnu/linux-and-gnu.html">GNU/Linux
+operating system</a>. Most of these users, however, have never heard of
+the ethical reasons for which we developed this system and built the free
+software community, because nowadays this system and community are more
+often spoken of as “open source”, attributing them to a
+different philosophy in which these freedoms are hardly mentioned.</p>
<p>The free software movement has campaigned for computer users'
freedom since 1983. In 1984 we launched the development of the free
-operating system GNU, so that we could avoid the nonfree operating systems
that deny freedom to their users. During the 1980s, we developed most
+operating system GNU, so that we could avoid the nonfree operating systems
+that deny freedom to their users. During the 1980s, we developed most
of the essential components of the system and designed
-the <a href="/licenses/gpl.html">GNU General Public License</a> (GNU GPL) to
release them under—a
-license designed specifically to protect freedom for all users of a
-program.</p>
+the <a href="/licenses/gpl.html">GNU General Public License</a> (GNU GPL)
+to release them under—a license designed specifically to protect
+freedom for all users of a program.</p>
<p>Not all of the users and developers of free software
agreed with the goals of the free software movement. In 1998, a part
@@ -50,21 +53,23 @@
<p>Some of the supporters of open source considered the term a
“marketing campaign for free software,” which would appeal
-to business executives by highlighting the software's practical benefits,
while not raising issues of right and wrong that they might not like to hear.
Other
-supporters flatly rejected the free software movement's ethical and
-social values. Whichever their views, when campaigning for
-open source, they neither cited nor advocated those values.
-The term “open source” quickly became associated with
-ideas and arguments based only on practical values, such as making or having
powerful,
-reliable software. Most of the supporters of open
-source have come to it since then, and they make the same association.</p>
+to business executives by highlighting the software's practical
+benefits, while not raising issues of right and wrong that they might
+not like to hear. Other supporters flatly rejected the free software
+movement's ethical and social values. Whichever their views, when
+campaigning for open source, they neither cited nor advocated those
+values. The term “open source” quickly became associated
+with ideas and arguments based only on practical values, such as
+making or having powerful, reliable software. Most of the supporters
+of open source have come to it since then, and they make the same
+association.</p>
-<p>Nearly all open source software is free software. The two terms
+<p>The two terms
describe almost the same category of software, but they stand for
views based on fundamentally different values. Open source is a
development methodology; free software is a social movement. For the
free software movement, free software is an ethical imperative,
-because only free software respects the users' freedom. By contrast,
+essential respect for the users' freedom. By contrast,
the philosophy of open source considers issues in terms of how to make
software “better”—in a practical sense only. It
says that nonfree software is an inferior solution to the practical
@@ -72,19 +77,39 @@
software is a social problem, and the solution is to stop using it and
move to free software.</p>
-<p>“Free software.” “Open source.” If it's the same
software, does it
-matter which name you use? Yes, because different words convey
-different ideas. While a free program by any other name would give
-you the same freedom today, establishing freedom in a lasting way
-depends above all on teaching people to value freedom. If you want to
-help do this, it is essential to speak of “free
-software.”</p>
+<p>“Free software.” “Open source.” If it's the same
+software (or nearly so), does it matter which name you use? Yes, because
+different words convey different ideas. While a free program by any other
+name would give you the same freedom today, establishing freedom in a
+lasting way depends above all on teaching people to value freedom. If you
+want to help do this, it is essential to speak of
+“free software.”</p>
<p>We in the free software movement don't think of the open source
camp as an enemy; the enemy is proprietary (nonfree) software. But
we want people to know we stand for freedom, so we do not accept being
mislabeled as open source supporters.</p>
+<h3>Practical Differences between Free Software and Open Source</h3>
+
+<p>In practice, open source stands for criteria a little weaker than
+those of free software. As far as we know, all existing free software
+would qualify as open source. Nearly all open source software is free
+software, but there are exceptions. First, some open source licenses
+are too restrictive, so they do not qualify as free licenses.
+Fortunately, few programs use those licenses.</p>
+
+<p>Second, and more important, many products containing computers
+(including many Android devices) come with executable programs that
+correspond to free software source code, but the devices do not allow
+the user to install modified versions of those executables; only one
+special company has the power to modify them. We call these devices
+“tyrants”, and the practice is called
+“tivoization” after the product where we first saw it.
+These executables are not free software even though their source code
+is free software. The criteria for open source do not recognize this
+issue; they are concerned solely with the licensing of the source code.</p>
+
<h3>Common Misunderstandings of “Free Software” and
“Open Source”</h3>
@@ -93,30 +118,25 @@
for zero price,” fits the term just as well as the intended
meaning, “software which gives the user certain freedoms.”
We address this problem by publishing the definition of free software,
-and by saying “Think of ‘free speech,’ not ‘free
beer.’” This
-is not a perfect solution; it cannot completely eliminate the problem.
-An unambiguous and correct term would be better, if it didn't present other
-problems.</p>
+and by saying “Think of ‘free speech,’ not ‘free
+beer.’” This is not a perfect solution; it cannot completely
+eliminate the problem. An unambiguous and correct term would be better, if
+it didn't present other problems.</p>
<p>Unfortunately, all the alternatives in English have problems of
their own. We've looked at many that people have
suggested, but none is so clearly “right” that switching
to it would be a good idea. (For instance, in some contexts the
-French and Spanish word “libre” works well, but people in India do
not
-recognize it at all.) Every proposed replacement for
-“free software” has some kind of semantic
-problem—and this includes “open source
-software.”</p>
+French and Spanish word “libre” works well, but people in India
+do not recognize it at all.) Every proposed replacement for
+“free software” has some kind of semantic problem—and
+this includes “open source software.”</p>
<p>The <a href="http://opensource.org/docs/osd";>official definition of
“open source software”</a> (which is published by the Open
Source Initiative and is too long to include here) was derived
indirectly from our criteria for free software. It is not the same;
-it is a little looser in some respects, so the open source people have
-accepted a few licenses that we consider unacceptably restrictive.
-Also, they judge solely by the license of the source code, whereas our
-criterion also considers whether a device will let you <em>run</em>
-your modified version of the program. Nonetheless, their definition
+it is a little looser in some respects. Nonetheless, their definition
agrees with our definition in most cases.</p>
<p>However, the obvious meaning for the expression “open source
@@ -126,13 +146,13 @@
weaker also than the official definition of open source. It includes
many programs that are neither free nor open source.</p>
-<p>Since that obvious meaning for “open source” is not the
+<p>Since the obvious meaning for “open source” is not the
meaning that its advocates intend, the result is that most people
misunderstand the term. According to writer Neal Stephenson,
“Linux is ‘open source’ software meaning, simply,
that anyone can get copies of its source code files.” I don't
think he deliberately sought to reject or dispute the
-“official” definition. I think he simply applied the
+official definition. I think he simply applied the
conventions of the English language to come up with a meaning for the
term. The state of Kansas published a similar definition:
<!-- It was from http://da.state.ks.us/itec/TechArchPt6ver80.pdf, but
@@ -142,7 +162,8 @@
as to what one is allowed to do with that code.”</p>
<p>The <i>New York Times</i>
-has <a
href="http://www.nytimes.com/external/gigaom/2009/02/07/07gigaom-the-brave-new-world-of-open-source-game-design-37415.html";>
+has <a
+href="http://www.nytimes.com/external/gigaom/2009/02/07/07gigaom-the-brave-new-world-of-open-source-game-design-37415.html";>
run an article that stretches the meaning of the term</a> to refer to
user beta testing—letting a few users try an early version and
give confidential feedback—which proprietary software developers
@@ -156,14 +177,17 @@
beer” will not get it wrong again. But the term “open
source” has only one natural meaning, which is different from
the meaning its supporters intend. So there is no succinct way to
-explain and justify its official definition. That makes for worse
confusion.</p>
+explain and justify its official definition. That makes for worse
+confusion.</p>
<p>Another misunderstanding of “open source” is the idea
that it means “not using the GNU GPL.” This tends to
accompany another misunderstanding that “free software”
means “GPL-covered software.” These are both mistaken,
-since the GNU GPL qualifies as an open source license and most of
-the open source licenses qualify as free software licenses.</p>
+since the GNU GPL qualifies as an open source license and most of the
+open source licenses qualify as free software licenses. There
+are <a href="/licenses/license-list.html"> many free software
+licenses</a> aside from the GNU GPL.</p>
<p>The term “open source” has been further stretched by
its application to other activities, such as government, education,
@@ -243,8 +267,8 @@
DRM” software. Their idea is that, by publishing the source code
of programs designed to restrict your access to encrypted media and by
allowing others to change it, they will produce more powerful and
-reliable software for restricting users like you. The software would then be
-delivered to you in devices that do not allow you to change it.</p>
+reliable software for restricting users like you. The software would then
+be delivered to you in devices that do not allow you to change it.</p>
<p>This software might be open source and use the open
source development model, but it won't be free software since it
@@ -257,7 +281,8 @@
<p>The main initial motivation of those who split off the open source
camp from the free software movement was that the ethical ideas of
-“free software” made some people uneasy. That's true: raising
ethical issues such as freedom, talking about responsibilities as well as
+“free software” made some people uneasy. That's true: raising
+ethical issues such as freedom, talking about responsibilities as well as
convenience, is asking people to think about things they might prefer
to ignore, such as whether their conduct is ethical. This can trigger
discomfort, and some people may simply close their minds to it. It
@@ -284,20 +309,19 @@
proprietary software for some practical advantage. Countless
companies seek to offer such temptation, some even offering copies
gratis. Why would users decline? Only if they have learned to value
-the freedom free software gives them, to value freedom in and of itself rather
-than the technical and practical convenience of specific free
+the freedom free software gives them, to value freedom in and of itself
+rather than the technical and practical convenience of specific free
software. To spread this idea, we have to talk about freedom. A
certain amount of the “keep quiet” approach to business can be
useful for the community, but it is dangerous if it becomes so common
that the love of freedom comes to seem like an eccentricity.</p>
<p>That dangerous situation is exactly what we have. Most people
-involved with free software, especially its distributors, say little about
freedom—usually
-because they seek to be “more acceptable to business.”
-Nearly all
-GNU/Linux operating system distributions add proprietary packages to
-the basic free system, and they invite users to consider this an
-advantage rather than a flaw.</p>
+involved with free software, especially its distributors, say little about
+freedom—usually because they seek to be “more acceptable to
+business.” Nearly all GNU/Linux operating system distributions add
+proprietary packages to the basic free system, and they invite users to
+consider this an advantage rather than a flaw.</p>
<p>Proprietary add-on software and partially nonfree GNU/Linux
distributions find fertile ground because most of our community does
@@ -325,47 +349,57 @@
let license,”</a> gives his perspective on this issue.</p>
<p>
-Lakhani and Wolf's
-<a
href="http://ocw.mit.edu/courses/sloan-school-of-management/15-352-managing-innovation-emerging-trends-spring-2005/readings/lakhaniwolf.pdf";>paper
on the
-motivation of free software developers</a> says that a considerable
-fraction are motivated by the view that software should be free. This
-is despite the fact that they surveyed the developers on SourceForge,
-a site that does not support the view that this is an ethical issue.</p>
+Lakhani and Wolf's <a
+href="http://ocw.mit.edu/courses/sloan-school-of-management/15-352-managing-innovation-emerging-trends-spring-2005/readings/lakhaniwolf.pdf";>
+paper on the motivation of free software developers</a> says that a
+considerable fraction are motivated by the view that software should be
+free. This is despite the fact that they surveyed the developers on
+SourceForge, a site that does not support the view that this is an ethical
+issue.</p>
-</div>
+</div><!-- for id="content", starts in the include above -->
<!--#include virtual="/server/footer.html" -->
<div id="footer">
-<p>
-Please send FSF & GNU inquiries to
+
+<p>Please send general FSF & GNU inquiries to
<a href="mailto:address@hidden";><address@hidden></a>.
There are also <a href="/contact/">other ways to contact</a>
-the FSF.
-<br />
-Please send broken links and other corrections or suggestions to
-<a href="mailto:address@hidden";><address@hidden></a>.
-</p>
+the FSF. Broken links and other corrections or suggestions can be sent
+to <a href="mailto:address@hidden";><address@hidden></a>.</p>
-<p>Copyright © 2007, 2010 Richard Stallman
-<br />
-This page is licensed under a <a rel="license"
+<p><!-- TRANSLATORS: Ignore the original text in this paragraph,
+ replace it with the translation of these two:
+
+ We work hard and do our best to provide accurate, good quality
+ translations. However, we are not exempt from imperfection.
+ Please send your comments and general suggestions in this regard
+ to <a href="mailto:address@hidden";>
+ <address@hidden></a>.</p>
+
+ <p>For information on coordinating and submitting translations of
+ our web pages, see <a
+ href="/server/standards/README.translations.html">Translations
+ README</a>. -->
+
+Please see the <a
+href="/server/standards/README.translations.html">Translations
+README</a> for information on coordinating and submitting translations
+of this article.</p>
+
+<p>Copyright © 2007, 2010, 2012 Richard Stallman</p>
+
+<p>This page is licensed under a <a rel="license"
href="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nd/3.0/us/";>Creative
-Commons Attribution-NoDerivs 3.0 United States License</a>.
-</p>
+Commons Attribution-NoDerivs 3.0 United States License</a>.</p>
-<p>
-Updated:
+<p>Updated:
<!-- timestamp start -->
-$Date: 2012/12/18 12:56:39 $
+$Date: 2013/01/02 16:28:36 $
<!-- timestamp end -->
</p>
</div>
-<!-- All pages on the GNU web server should have the section about -->
-<!-- verbatim copying. Please do NOT remove this without talking -->
-<!-- with the webmasters first. -->
-<!-- Please make sure the copyright date is consistent with the document -->
-<!-- and that it is like this "2001, 2002" not this "2001-2002." -->
</div>
</body>
</html>
Index: philosophy/po/open-source-misses-the-point.sq.po
===================================================================
RCS file: /web/www/www/philosophy/po/open-source-misses-the-point.sq.po,v
retrieving revision 1.18
retrieving revision 1.19
diff -u -b -r1.18 -r1.19
--- philosophy/po/open-source-misses-the-point.sq.po 2 Jan 2013 16:20:07
-0000 1.18
+++ philosophy/po/open-source-misses-the-point.sq.po 2 Jan 2013 16:28:36
-0000 1.19
@@ -207,12 +207,43 @@
msgstr "Dallime Praktike mes Software-it të Lirë dhe Burimit të Hapur"
#. type: Content of: <p>
-msgid "In practice, open source stands for criteria a little weaker than those
of free software. As far as we know, all existing free software would qualify
as open source. Nearly all open source software is free software, but there
are exceptions. First, some open source licenses are too restrictive, so they
do not qualify as free licenses. Fortunately, few programs use those licenses."
-msgstr "Në praktikë, burimi i hapur mishëron një kriter paksa më të
dobët se sa ato të software-it të lirë. Me aq sa di, krejt software-et e
lirë mund të kualifikohen si me burim të hapur. Thuajse krejt software-et
me burim të hapur janë software i lirë, por ka disa përjashtime. Së pari,
disa licenca burimi të hapur janë shumë kufizuese, ndaj nuk kualifikohen dot
si licenca të lira. Për fat, këto licenca i përdorin pak programe."
+msgid ""
+"In practice, open source stands for criteria a little weaker than those of "
+"free software. As far as we know, all existing free software would qualify "
+"as open source. Nearly all open source software is free software, but there "
+"are exceptions. First, some open source licenses are too restrictive, so "
+"they do not qualify as free licenses. Fortunately, few programs use those "
+"licenses."
+msgstr ""
+"Në praktikë, burimi i hapur mishëron një kriter paksa më të dobët se
sa ato "
+"të software-it të lirë. Me aq sa di, krejt software-et e lirë mund të "
+"kualifikohen si me burim të hapur. Thuajse krejt software-et me burim të "
+"hapur janë software i lirë, por ka disa përjashtime. Së pari, disa
licenca "
+"burimi të hapur janë shumë kufizuese, ndaj nuk kualifikohen dot si licenca
"
+"të lira. Për fat, këto licenca i përdorin pak programe."
#. type: Content of: <p>
-msgid "Second, and more important, many products containing computers
(including many Android devices) come with executable programs that correspond
to free software source code, but the devices do not allow the user to install
modified versions of those executables; only one special company has the power
to modify them. We call these devices “tyrants”, and the practice
is called “tivoization” after the product where we first saw it.
These executables are not free software even though their source code is free
software. The criteria for open source do not recognize this issue; they are
concerned solely with the licensing of the source code."
-msgstr "Së dyti, dhe ç'është më e rëndësishmja, shumë produkte që
përmbajnë kompjutera (përfshi mjaft pajisje Android) shiten me programe të
ekzekutueshme që rrjedhin prej kodi burim software-i të lirë, por pajisjet
nuk i lejojnë përdoruesit të instalojë versione të modifikuara të këtyre
të ekzekutueshmëve; vetëm një kompani e caktuar gëzon të drejtën t'i
modifikojë ata. Këto pajisje i quajmë “tiranike”, dhe praktika
është quajtur “tivoizim”, sipas produktit te i cili e vumë re
për herë të parë. Këta të ekzekutueshëm nuk janë software i lirë edhe
pse kodi i tyre burim është software i lirë. Kriteret e burimit të hapur
këtu nuk shohin problem; ata merakosen vetëm për licencimin e kodit burim."
+msgid ""
+"Second, and more important, many products containing computers (including "
+"many Android devices) come with executable programs that correspond to free "
+"software source code, but the devices do not allow the user to install "
+"modified versions of those executables; only one special company has the "
+"power to modify them. We call these devices “tyrants”, and the "
+"practice is called “tivoization” after the product where we "
+"first saw it. These executables are not free software even though their "
+"source code is free software. The criteria for open source do not recognize "
+"this issue; they are concerned solely with the licensing of the source code."
+msgstr ""
+"Së dyti, dhe ç'është më e rëndësishmja, shumë produkte që
përmbajnë "
+"kompjutera (përfshi mjaft pajisje Android) shiten me programe të "
+"ekzekutueshme që rrjedhin prej kodi burim software-i të lirë, por pajisjet
"
+"nuk i lejojnë përdoruesit të instalojë versione të modifikuara të
këtyre të "
+"ekzekutueshmëve; vetëm një kompani e caktuar gëzon të drejtën t'i
modifikojë "
+"ata. Këto pajisje i quajmë “tiranike”, dhe praktika është "
+"quajtur “tivoizim”, sipas produktit te i cili e vumë re për
herë "
+"të parë. Këta të ekzekutueshëm nuk janë software i lirë edhe pse kodi
i "
+"tyre burim është software i lirë. Kriteret e burimit të hapur këtu nuk "
+"shohin problem; ata merakosen vetëm për licencimin e kodit burim."
#. type: Content of: <h3>
msgid ""
@@ -244,38 +275,160 @@
"i dykuptimtë, sikur kjo të mos paraqiste probleme të tjera."
#. type: Content of: <p>
-msgid "Unfortunately, all the alternatives in English have problems of their
own. We've looked at many that people have suggested, but none is so clearly
“right” that switching to it would be a good idea. (For instance,
in some contexts the French and Spanish word “libre” works well,
but people in India do not recognize it at all.) Every proposed replacement
for “free software” has some kind of semantic problem—and
this includes “open source software.”"
-msgstr "Mjerisht, të gjitha alternativat në Anglisht kanë probleme të
tyret. Kemi shqyrtuar mjaft nga sugjerimet e njerëzve, por asnjë nuk është
kaq qartazi “i drejtë” saqë kalimi në të të qe ide e mirë.
(Për shembull, në disa kontekste fjalët Frëngjisht dhe Spanjisht
“libre” funksionojnë bukur, por njerëzit në Indi nuk e pranojnë
fare këtë.) Cilido zëvendësim i propozuar për “software-in e
lirë” ka ndonjë lloj problemi semantik—dhe kjo ndodh edhe me
“software-in me burim të hapur.”"
+msgid ""
+"Unfortunately, all the alternatives in English have problems of their own. "
+"We've looked at many that people have suggested, but none is so clearly "
+"“right” that switching to it would be a good idea. (For "
+"instance, in some contexts the French and Spanish word “libre” "
+"works well, but people in India do not recognize it at all.) Every proposed "
+"replacement for “free software” has some kind of semantic "
+"problem—and this includes “open source software.”"
+msgstr ""
+"Mjerisht, të gjitha alternativat në Anglisht kanë probleme të tyret.
Kemi "
+"shqyrtuar mjaft nga sugjerimet e njerëzve, por asnjë nuk është kaq
qartazi "
+"“i drejtë” saqë kalimi në të të qe ide e mirë. (Për
shembull, "
+"në disa kontekste fjalët Frëngjisht dhe Spanjisht “libre” "
+"funksionojnë bukur, por njerëzit në Indi nuk e pranojnë fare këtë.)
Cilido "
+"zëvendësim i propozuar për “software-in e lirë” ka ndonjë
lloj "
+"problemi semantik—dhe kjo ndodh edhe me “software-in me burim të
"
+"hapur.”"
#. type: Content of: <p>
-msgid "The <a href=\"http://opensource.org/docs/osd\";>official definition of
“open source software”</a> (which is published by the Open Source
Initiative and is too long to include here) was derived indirectly from our
criteria for free software. It is not the same; it is a little looser in some
respects. Nonetheless, their definition agrees with our definition in most
cases."
-msgstr "<a href=\"http://opensource.org/docs/osd\";>Përkufizimi zyrtar i
“software-it me burim të hapur”</a> (që është botuar nga Open
Source Initiative dhe është shumë i gjatë për ta përfshirë këtu)
është derivuar tërthorazi prej kriterit tonë të software-eve të lira.
Nuk është i njëjti; është ca më dorëlëshuar në disa këndvështrime.
Megjithatë, përkufizimi i tyre pajtohet me përkufizimin tonë në shumicën
e rasteve."
+msgid ""
+"The <a href=\"http://opensource.org/docs/osd\";>official definition of “"
+"open source software”</a> (which is published by the Open Source "
+"Initiative and is too long to include here) was derived indirectly from our "
+"criteria for free software. It is not the same; it is a little looser in "
+"some respects. Nonetheless, their definition agrees with our definition in "
+"most cases."
+msgstr ""
+"<a href=\"http://opensource.org/docs/osd\";>Përkufizimi zyrtar i “"
+"software-it me burim të hapur”</a> (që është botuar nga Open Source
"
+"Initiative dhe është shumë i gjatë për ta përfshirë këtu) është
derivuar "
+"tërthorazi prej kriterit tonë të software-eve të lira. Nuk është i
njëjti; "
+"është ca më dorëlëshuar në disa këndvështrime. Megjithatë,
përkufizimi i "
+"tyre pajtohet me përkufizimin tonë në shumicën e rasteve."
#. type: Content of: <p>
-msgid "However, the obvious meaning for the expression “open source
software”—and the one most people seem to think it means—is
“You can look at the source code.” That criterion is much weaker
than the free software definition, much weaker also than the official
definition of open source. It includes many programs that are neither free nor
open source."
-msgstr "Sido që të jetë, kuptimi i afërmendshëm për shprehjen
“software me burim të hapur”—dhe ai që shumica e njerëzve
duket se mendojnë që shpreh—është që “Mund t'i shihni kodin
burim.” Ky kriter është shumë më i dobët se sa përkufizimi i
software-it të lirë, shumë më i dobët gjithashtu se sa përkufizimi zyrtar
i burimit të hapur. Me të përfshihen mjaft programe që nuk janë as të
lirë dhe as me burim të hapur."
+msgid ""
+"However, the obvious meaning for the expression “open source "
+"software”—and the one most people seem to think it means—"
+"is “You can look at the source code.” That criterion is much "
+"weaker than the free software definition, much weaker also than the official "
+"definition of open source. It includes many programs that are neither free "
+"nor open source."
+msgstr ""
+"Sido që të jetë, kuptimi i afërmendshëm për shprehjen “software
me "
+"burim të hapur”—dhe ai që shumica e njerëzve duket se
mendojnë "
+"që shpreh—është që “Mund t'i shihni kodin burim.” Ky "
+"kriter është shumë më i dobët se sa përkufizimi i software-it të
lirë, shumë "
+"më i dobët gjithashtu se sa përkufizimi zyrtar i burimit të hapur. Me
të "
+"përfshihen mjaft programe që nuk janë as të lirë dhe as me burim të
hapur."
#. It was from http://da.state.ks.us/itec/TechArchPt6ver80.pdf, but
#. that page is no longer available.
#. type: Content of: <p>
-msgid "Since the obvious meaning for “open source” is not the
meaning that its advocates intend, the result is that most people misunderstand
the term. According to writer Neal Stephenson, “Linux is ‘open
source’ software meaning, simply, that anyone can get copies of its
source code files.” I don't think he deliberately sought to reject or
dispute the official definition. I think he simply applied the conventions of
the English language to come up with a meaning for the term. The state of
Kansas published a similar definition: “Make use of open-source software
(OSS). OSS is software for which the source code is freely and publicly
available, though the specific licensing agreements vary as to what one is
allowed to do with that code.”"
-msgstr "Ngaqë kuptimi i afërmendshëm për “burimin e hapur” nuk
është kuptimi që mbrojtësit e tij kanë në mendje, përfundimi është që
shumica e njerëzve të kenë keqkuptime të termit. Sipas Neal Stephenson-it,
“Linux-i është software me ‘burim të hapur’ që do të
thotë, thjesht, se cilido mund të ketë kopje të kartelave të kodit të tij
burim.” Nuk mendoj se ka kërkuar me dashje të hidhte tej ose të vinte
në diskutim përkufizimin zyrtar. Jam i mendimit që ai thjesht zbatoi
konvencionet e Anglishtes për të nxjerrë një kuptim të termit. Shteti i
Kansasit publikoi një përkufizim të ngjashëm: “Përdorni software me
burim të hapur (OSS). OSS është software për të cilin kodi burim është
i passhëm lirisht dhe publikisht, por marrëveshjet specifike për licencimin
e tij variojnë lidhur me atë se ç'i lejohet dikujt të bëjë me atë
kod.”"
-
-#. type: Content of: <p>
-msgid "The <i>New York Times</i> has <a
href=\"http://www.nytimes.com/external/gigaom/2009/02/07/07gigaom-the-brave-new-world-of-open-source-game-design-37415.html\";>
run an article that stretches the meaning of the term</a> to refer to user
beta testing—letting a few users try an early version and give
confidential feedback—which proprietary software developers have
practiced for decades."
-msgstr "<i>New York Times</i> pati një <a
href=\"http://www.nytimes.com/external/gigaom/2009/02/07/07gigaom-the-brave-new-world-of-open-source-game-design-37415.html\";>
artikull që e tepron me domethënien e termit</a> duke ia referuar testimeve
beta nga ana e përdoruesve—lejimi i pak përdoruesve që të vënë në
provë një version paraprak të një programi dhe të japin përshtypje
konfidenciale lidhur me të—çka programuesit e software-eve pronësore e
kanë praktikuar prej dhjetëra vjetësh."
-
-#. type: Content of: <p>
-msgid "Open source supporters try to deal with this by pointing to their
official definition, but that corrective approach is less effective for them
than it is for us. The term “free software” has two natural
meanings, one of which is the intended meaning, so a person who has grasped the
idea of “free speech, not free beer” will not get it wrong again.
But the term “open source” has only one natural meaning, which is
different from the meaning its supporters intend. So there is no succinct way
to explain and justify its official definition. That makes for worse
confusion."
-msgstr "Përkrahësit e burimit të hapur përpiqen të merren me këtë
çështje duke treguar me gisht përkufizimin e tyre zyrtar, por kjo rrugë
ndreqjeje është më pak e efektshme për ta, se sa është për ne. Termi
“software i lirë” ka dy domethënie natyrale, njëra është
domethënia e synuar, ndaj dikush që e ka rrokur idenë “si te fjala e
lirë, jo si te birrë falas” nuk do të gabojë sërish. Por termi
“burim i hapur” ka vetëm një domethënie natyrale, që është e
ndryshme prej domethënies së synuar prej përkrahësve të tij. Pra nuk ka
një rrugë për të shpjeguar shkurtimisht dhe përligjur përkufizimin e tij
zyrtar. Kjo e përkeqëson edhe më konfuzionin."
-
-#. type: Content of: <p>
-msgid "Another misunderstanding of “open source” is the idea that
it means “not using the GNU GPL.” This tends to accompany another
misunderstanding that “free software” means “GPL-covered
software.” These are both mistaken, since the GNU GPL qualifies as an
open source license and most of the open source licenses qualify as free
software licenses. There are <a href=\"/licenses/license-list.html\"> many
free software licenses</a> aside from the GNU GPL."
-msgstr "Një tjetër keqkuptim i “burimit të hapur” është ideja
që me të nënkuptohet “mospërdorimi i lejes GNU GPL.” Ky priret
të shoqërojë një tjetër keqkuptim sipas të cilit “software-i i
lirë” do të thotë “software nën GPL-në.” Që të dyja
janë gabim, sa kohë që GNU GPL-ja i plotëson kushtet për të qenë leje
burimi të hapur dhe shumica e lejeve të burimit të hapur i plotësojnë
kushtet për të qenë leje software-i të lirë. Ka <a
href=\"/licenses/license-list.html\"> mjaft licenca software-i të lirë</a>
përtej GNU GPL-së."
-
-#. type: Content of: <p>
-msgid "The term “open source” has been further stretched by its
application to other activities, such as government, education, and science,
where there is no such thing as source code, and where criteria for software
licensing are simply not pertinent. The only thing these activities have in
common is that they somehow invite people to participate. They stretch the
term so far that it only means “participatory”."
-msgstr "Termi “burim i hapur” është sforcuar më tej nga zbatimi
i tij mbi veprimtari të tjera, të tilla si qeverisja, arsimi, shkenca, te të
cilat nuk ka gjë të tillë si kodi burim, dhe ku kriteri lidhur me licencimin
e software-eve thjesht nuk ka punë fare. E vetmja gjë e përbashkët që
kanë këto veprimtari është se, në një farë mënyre, i ftojnë njerëzit
të marrin pjesë në diçka. Ato e sforcojnë termin deri atje sa me të
nënkuptohet vetëm “pjesëmarrës”."
+msgid ""
+"Since the obvious meaning for “open source” is not the meaning "
+"that its advocates intend, the result is that most people misunderstand the "
+"term. According to writer Neal Stephenson, “Linux is ‘open "
+"source’ software meaning, simply, that anyone can get copies of its "
+"source code files.” I don't think he deliberately sought to reject or "
+"dispute the official definition. I think he simply applied the conventions "
+"of the English language to come up with a meaning for the term. The state "
+"of Kansas published a similar definition: “Make use of open-source "
+"software (OSS). OSS is software for which the source code is freely and "
+"publicly available, though the specific licensing agreements vary as to what "
+"one is allowed to do with that code.”"
+msgstr ""
+"Ngaqë kuptimi i afërmendshëm për “burimin e hapur” nuk
është "
+"kuptimi që mbrojtësit e tij kanë në mendje, përfundimi është që
shumica e "
+"njerëzve të kenë keqkuptime të termit. Sipas Neal Stephenson-it, “"
+"Linux-i është software me ‘burim të hapur’ që do të thotë, "
+"thjesht, se cilido mund të ketë kopje të kartelave të kodit të tij
burim."
+"” Nuk mendoj se ka kërkuar me dashje të hidhte tej ose të vinte në "
+"diskutim përkufizimin zyrtar. Jam i mendimit që ai thjesht zbatoi "
+"konvencionet e Anglishtes për të nxjerrë një kuptim të termit. Shteti i
"
+"Kansasit publikoi një përkufizim të ngjashëm: “Përdorni software
me "
+"burim të hapur (OSS). OSS është software për të cilin kodi burim
është i "
+"passhëm lirisht dhe publikisht, por marrëveshjet specifike për licencimin
e "
+"tij variojnë lidhur me atë se ç'i lejohet dikujt të bëjë me atë
kod.”"
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"The <i>New York Times</i> has <a href=\"http://www.nytimes.com/external/";
+"gigaom/2009/02/07/07gigaom-the-brave-new-world-of-open-source-game-"
+"design-37415.html\"> run an article that stretches the meaning of the term</"
+"a> to refer to user beta testing—letting a few users try an early "
+"version and give confidential feedback—which proprietary software "
+"developers have practiced for decades."
+msgstr ""
+"<i>New York Times</i> pati një <a href=\"http://www.nytimes.com/external/";
+"gigaom/2009/02/07/07gigaom-the-brave-new-world-of-open-source-game-"
+"design-37415.html\"> artikull që e tepron me domethënien e termit</a> duke "
+"ia referuar testimeve beta nga ana e përdoruesve—lejimi i pak "
+"përdoruesve që të vënë në provë një version paraprak të një
programi dhe të "
+"japin përshtypje konfidenciale lidhur me të—çka programuesit e "
+"software-eve pronësore e kanë praktikuar prej dhjetëra vjetësh."
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"Open source supporters try to deal with this by pointing to their official "
+"definition, but that corrective approach is less effective for them than it "
+"is for us. The term “free software” has two natural meanings, "
+"one of which is the intended meaning, so a person who has grasped the idea "
+"of “free speech, not free beer” will not get it wrong again. "
+"But the term “open source” has only one natural meaning, which "
+"is different from the meaning its supporters intend. So there is no "
+"succinct way to explain and justify its official definition. That makes for "
+"worse confusion."
+msgstr ""
+"Përkrahësit e burimit të hapur përpiqen të merren me këtë çështje
duke "
+"treguar me gisht përkufizimin e tyre zyrtar, por kjo rrugë ndreqjeje
është "
+"më pak e efektshme për ta, se sa është për ne. Termi “software i "
+"lirë” ka dy domethënie natyrale, njëra është domethënia e synuar,
ndaj "
+"dikush që e ka rrokur idenë “si te fjala e lirë, jo si te birrë "
+"falas” nuk do të gabojë sërish. Por termi “burim i
hapur” "
+"ka vetëm një domethënie natyrale, që është e ndryshme prej domethënies
së "
+"synuar prej përkrahësve të tij. Pra nuk ka një rrugë për të shpjeguar
"
+"shkurtimisht dhe përligjur përkufizimin e tij zyrtar. Kjo e përkeqëson
edhe "
+"më konfuzionin."
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"Another misunderstanding of “open source” is the idea that it "
+"means “not using the GNU GPL.” This tends to accompany another "
+"misunderstanding that “free software” means “GPL-covered "
+"software.” These are both mistaken, since the GNU GPL qualifies as an "
+"open source license and most of the open source licenses qualify as free "
+"software licenses. There are <a href=\"/licenses/license-list.html\"> many "
+"free software licenses</a> aside from the GNU GPL."
+msgstr ""
+"Një tjetër keqkuptim i “burimit të hapur” është ideja që me
të "
+"nënkuptohet “mospërdorimi i lejes GNU GPL.” Ky priret të "
+"shoqërojë një tjetër keqkuptim sipas të cilit “software-i i "
+"lirë” do të thotë “software nën GPL-në.” Që të dyja
janë "
+"gabim, sa kohë që GNU GPL-ja i plotëson kushtet për të qenë leje burimi
të "
+"hapur dhe shumica e lejeve të burimit të hapur i plotësojnë kushtet për
të "
+"qenë leje software-i të lirë. Ka <a href=\"/licenses/license-list.html\">
"
+"mjaft licenca software-i të lirë</a> përtej GNU GPL-së."
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"The term “open source” has been further stretched by its "
+"application to other activities, such as government, education, and science, "
+"where there is no such thing as source code, and where criteria for software "
+"licensing are simply not pertinent. The only thing these activities have in "
+"common is that they somehow invite people to participate. They stretch the "
+"term so far that it only means “participatory”."
+msgstr ""
+"Termi “burim i hapur” është sforcuar më tej nga zbatimi i tij "
+"mbi veprimtari të tjera, të tilla si qeverisja, arsimi, shkenca, te të
cilat "
+"nuk ka gjë të tillë si kodi burim, dhe ku kriteri lidhur me licencimin e "
+"software-eve thjesht nuk ka punë fare. E vetmja gjë e përbashkët që
kanë "
+"këto veprimtari është se, në një farë mënyre, i ftojnë njerëzit të
marrin "
+"pjesë në diçka. Ato e sforcojnë termin deri atje sa me të nënkuptohet "
+"vetëm “pjesëmarrës”."
#. type: Content of: <h3>
msgid "Different Values Can Lead to Similar Conclusions…but Not Always"
Index: philosophy/po/philosophy.sq-en.html
===================================================================
RCS file: /web/www/www/philosophy/po/philosophy.sq-en.html,v
retrieving revision 1.10
retrieving revision 1.11
diff -u -b -r1.10 -r1.11
--- philosophy/po/philosophy.sq-en.html 2 Dec 2012 14:34:25 -0000 1.10
+++ philosophy/po/philosophy.sq-en.html 2 Jan 2013 16:28:37 -0000 1.11
@@ -107,7 +107,7 @@
<p>
Updated:
<!-- timestamp start -->
-$Date: 2012/12/02 14:34:25 $
+$Date: 2013/01/02 16:28:37 $
<!-- timestamp end -->
</p>
</div>
Index: philosophy/po/right-to-read.nl.po
===================================================================
RCS file: /web/www/www/philosophy/po/right-to-read.nl.po,v
retrieving revision 1.3
retrieving revision 1.4
diff -u -b -r1.3 -r1.4
--- philosophy/po/right-to-read.nl.po 1 Jan 2013 14:40:58 -0000 1.3
+++ philosophy/po/right-to-read.nl.po 2 Jan 2013 16:28:37 -0000 1.4
@@ -14,7 +14,6 @@
"MIME-Version: 1.0\n"
"Content-Type: text/plain; charset=iso-8859-1\n"
"Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit\n"
-"Outdated-Since: 2012-09-20 12:26-0300\n"
#. type: Content of: <title>
msgid "The Right to Read - GNU Project - Free Software Foundation (FSF)"
@@ -25,243 +24,687 @@
msgstr "Het Recht om te Lezen"
#. type: Content of: <p>
-msgid "by <a href=\"http://www.stallman.org/\";><strong>Richard
Stallman</strong></a>"
-msgstr "door <a href=\"http://www.stallman.org/\";><strong>Richard
Stallman</strong></a>"
+msgid ""
+"by <a href=\"http://www.stallman.org/\";><strong>Richard Stallman</strong></a>"
+msgstr ""
+"door <a href=\"http://www.stallman.org/\";><strong>Richard Stallman</strong></"
+"a>"
#. type: Content of: <div>
-msgid "<a href=\"http://defectivebydesign.org/ebooks.html\";>Join our mailing
list about the dangers of eBooks</a>."
-msgstr "<a href=\"http://defectivebydesign.org/ebooks.html\";>Meld je aan bij
onze mailinglijst over de gevaren van e-boeken</a>."
+msgid ""
+"<a href=\"http://defectivebydesign.org/ebooks.html\";>Join our mailing list "
+"about the dangers of eBooks</a>."
+msgstr ""
+"<a href=\"http://defectivebydesign.org/ebooks.html\";>Meld je aan bij onze "
+"mailinglijst over de gevaren van e-boeken</a>."
#. type: Content of: <p>
-msgid "<em>This article appeared in the February 1997 issue of
<strong>Communications of the ACM</strong> (Volume 40, Number 2).</em>"
-msgstr "<em>Dit artikel verscheen eerder in het februarinummer uit 1997 van
<strong>Communications of the ACM</strong> (Volume 40, nummer 2).</em>"
+msgid ""
+"<em>This article appeared in the February 1997 issue of "
+"<strong>Communications of the ACM</strong> (Volume 40, Number 2).</em>"
+msgstr ""
+"<em>Dit artikel verscheen eerder in het februarinummer uit 1997 van "
+"<strong>Communications of the ACM</strong> (Volume 40, nummer 2).</em>"
#. type: Content of: <blockquote><p>
-msgid "From <cite>The Road To Tycho</cite>, a collection of articles about the
antecedents of the Lunarian Revolution, published in Luna City in 2096."
-msgstr "(uit <cite>De Gang Naar Tycho</cite>, een serie artikelen over de
voorgeschiedenis van de Luna-revolutie, verschenen in Maanstad in 2096)"
-
-#. type: Content of: <p>
-msgid "For Dan Halbert, the road to Tycho began in college—when Lissa
Lenz asked to borrow his computer. Hers had broken down, and unless she could
borrow another, she would fail her midterm project. There was no one she dared
ask, except Dan."
-msgstr "Voor Dirk Halbert begon de gang naar Tycho op school—toen Lisa
Lenz zijn computer te leen vroeg. Die van haar was stukgegaan en als ze niet
gauw een andere kon lenen zou ze te laat zijn met haar werkstuk. Ze durfde het
alleen Dirk te vragen."
-
-#. type: Content of: <p>
-msgid "This put Dan in a dilemma. He had to help her—but if he lent her
his computer, she might read his books. Aside from the fact that you could go
to prison for many years for letting someone else read your books, the very
idea shocked him at first. Like everyone, he had been taught since elementary
school that sharing books was nasty and wrong—something that only pirates
would do."
-msgstr "Dit plaatste Dirk in hevige tweestrijd. Hij zou haar eigenlijk moeten
helpen —maar als hij zijn computer uitleende zou ze zijn boeken kunnen
lezen. Nog afgezien van het feit dat je een lange gevangenisstraf wachtte
wanneer je iemand anders je boeken liet lezen, schrok hij zelf eerst ook van
het idee. Net als ieder ander werd hem al sinds de basisschool ingeprent dat
het uitlenen van boeken iets slechts en crimineels was—iets wat alleen
piraten deden."
-
-#. type: Content of: <p>
-msgid "And there wasn't much chance that the SPA—the Software Protection
Authority—would fail to catch him. In his software class, Dan had
learned that each book had a copyright monitor that reported when and where it
was read, and by whom, to Central Licensing. (They used this information to
catch reading pirates, but also to sell personal interest profiles to
retailers.) The next time his computer was networked, Central Licensing would
find out. He, as computer owner, would receive the harshest
punishment—for not taking pains to prevent the crime."
-msgstr "En verder weinig kans dat de SBD—de Software Beschermings
Dienst—er niet achter zou komen. Tijdens de lessen Software was Dirk
geleerd dat ieder boek een ingebouwde auteursrechtenagent had die aan Centraal
Licentiebeheer rapporteerde waar, wanneer en door wie het boek gelezen werd.
(Deze informatie gebruikten ze om leespiraten te pakken, maar ook om
consumentenprofielen te verkopen aan handelaren). Zodra hij zijn computer aan
het netwerk zou koppelen, zou Centraal Licentiebeheer er achter komen. Hijzelf,
als eigenaar van de computer, zou de zwaarste straf krijgen—omdat hij
niet zijn best zou hebben gedaan deze misdaad te voorkomen."
-
-#. type: Content of: <p>
-msgid "Of course, Lissa did not necessarily intend to read his books. She
might want the computer only to write her midterm. But Dan knew she came from
a middle-class family and could hardly afford the tuition, let alone her
reading fees. Reading his books might be the only way she could graduate. He
understood this situation; he himself had had to borrow to pay for all the
research papers he read. (Ten percent of those fees went to the researchers
who wrote the papers; since Dan aimed for an academic career, he could hope
that his own research papers, if frequently referenced, would bring in enough
to repay this loan.)"
-msgstr "Lisa wilde natuurlijk niet zijn boeken lezen. Ze zou hem alleen nodig
hebben om haar werkstuk af te maken. Maar Dirk wist dat ze uit een modaal gezin
kwam en dus nauwelijks het lesgeld kon betalen, laat staan de leesheffing. Het
lezen van zijn boeken zou weleens haar enige kans kunnen zijn op een diploma.
Hijzelf was er zich maar al te zeer van bewust; hij had zichzelf zwaar in de
schulden moeten steken om de leesheffingen te kunnen betalen van alle
wetenschappelijke publicaties die hij las. (10% van de heffingen ging naar de
onderzoekers die de artikelen schreven en aangezien Dirk een wetenschappelijke
carriére nastreefde hoopte hij in de toekomst met zijn eigen
wetenschappelijke publicaties zijn lening terug te kunnen betalen, mits zijn
publicaties maar vaak genoeg zouden worden gerefereerd.)"
-
-#. type: Content of: <p>
-msgid "Later on, Dan would learn there was a time when anyone could go to the
library and read journal articles, and even books, without having to pay.
There were independent scholars who read thousands of pages without government
library grants. But in the 1990s, both commercial and nonprofit journal
publishers had begun charging fees for access. By 2047, libraries offering
free public access to scholarly literature were a dim memory."
-msgstr "Later zou Dirk erachter komen dat er een tijd was geweest waarin
iedereen vrijelijk naar de bibliotheek kon gaan om er publicaties te lezen, en
zelfs boeken, zonder daarvoor te betalen. Er bestonden toen onafhankelijke
studenten en onderwijzers die duizenden pagina's lazen zonder
bibliotheeksubsidie van de overheid. Maar rond 1990 begonnen zowel
commerciële als niet-commerciële uitgevers geld te vragen voor
toegang. Tegen 2047 was zelfs de <em> herinnering</em> aan bibliotheken die
vrijelijk toegang boden vervaagd."
-
-#. type: Content of: <p>
-msgid "There were ways, of course, to get around the SPA and Central
Licensing. They were themselves illegal. Dan had had a classmate in software,
Frank Martucci, who had obtained an illicit debugging tool, and used it to skip
over the copyright monitor code when reading books. But he had told too many
friends about it, and one of them turned him in to the SPA for a reward
(students deep in debt were easily tempted into betrayal). In 2047, Frank was
in prison, not for pirate reading, but for possessing a debugger."
-msgstr "Natuurlijk waren er manieren om de SBD en Centraal Licentiebeheer te
omzeilen. Maar die waren illegaal. Dirk kende een klasgenoot in Software,
Frank Martucci, die een illegaal debug-programma op de kop had getikt wat hij
gebruikte om de code van de auteursrechtenagent over te slaan wanneer hij
boeken las. Maar hij had het teveel rondgebazuind en iemand had hem verraden
aan de SBD voor een beloning (studenten die zwaar in de schulden zaten kwamen
makkelijk tot verraad). In 2047 belandde Frank in de gevangenis. Niet voor
lees-piraterij maar voor het in bezit hebben van een debug-programma."
-
-#. type: Content of: <p>
-msgid "Dan would later learn that there was a time when anyone could have
debugging tools. There were even free debugging tools available on CD or
downloadable over the net. But ordinary users started using them to bypass
copyright monitors, and eventually a judge ruled that this had become their
principal use in actual practice. This meant they were illegal; the debuggers'
developers were sent to prison."
-msgstr "Dirk zou er later achter komen dat er een tijd was geweest dat
iedereen dergelijke programma's mocht hebben. Er waren zelfs vrije
debug-programma's verkrijgbaar op CD en via het net. Maar lezers gingen ze
gebruiken om auteursrechtagenten te omzeilen en uiteindelijk bepaalde een
rechter dat debug-programma's hoofdzakelijk gebruikt werden voor dit doel. En
dat betekende dus dat ze illegaal waren; de ontwikkelaars van debug-programma's
belandden in de cel."
-
-#. type: Content of: <p>
-msgid "Programmers still needed debugging tools, of course, but debugger
vendors in 2047 distributed numbered copies only, and only to officially
licensed and bonded programmers. The debugger Dan used in software class was
kept behind a special firewall so that it could be used only for class
exercises."
-msgstr "Programmeurs hadden natuurlijk nog steeds debug-programma's nodig maar
exemplaren werden in 2047 alleen nog in genummerde oplagen verspreid, en alleen
aan officieel geregistreerde programmeurs. Het debug-programma wat Dirk in de
lessen gebruikte zat achter een speciale firewall zodat deze alleen voor de
lessen kon worden gebruikt."
-
-#. type: Content of: <p>
-msgid "It was also possible to bypass the copyright monitors by installing a
modified system kernel. Dan would eventually find out about the free kernels,
even entire free operating systems, that had existed around the turn of the
century. But not only were they illegal, like debuggers—you could not
install one if you had one, without knowing your computer's root password. And
neither the <abbr title=\"Federal Bureau of Investigation\">FBI</abbr> nor
Microsoft Support would tell you that."
-msgstr "Het was ook mogelijk de agenten te omzeilen met een geprepareerd
besturingssysteem. Dirk zou er al gauw achter komen dat er rond de
eeuwwisseling vrije besturingssystemen waren. Ze waren echter niet alleen
verboden, net als debug-programma's—je zou er alleen een kunnen
installeren als je het systeemwachtwoord wist. En noch de <abbr title=\"Federal
Bureau of Investigation\">FBI</abbr>, noch Microsoft support zou je die geven."
-
-#. type: Content of: <p>
-msgid "Dan concluded that he couldn't simply lend Lissa his computer. But he
couldn't refuse to help her, because he loved her. Every chance to speak with
her filled him with delight. And that she chose him to ask for help, that
could mean she loved him too."
-msgstr "Dirk kwam tot de conclusie dat hij Lisa zijn computer niet kon lenen.
Maar hij wilde haar wel helpen want hij was smoorverliefd op haar. Iedere keer
dat hij haar ontmoette voelde hij de vlinders in zijn buik. En dat ze
uitgerekend hém vroeg haar te helpen zou wel eens kunnen betekenen dat
zij ook wat voor hem voelde."
-
-#. type: Content of: <p>
-msgid "Dan resolved the dilemma by doing something even more
unthinkable—he lent her the computer, and told her his password. This
way, if Lissa read his books, Central Licensing would think he was reading
them. It was still a crime, but the SPA would not automatically find out about
it. They would only find out if Lissa reported him."
-msgstr "Dirk loste het dilemma uiteindelijk op door iets nog gewaagders te
doen— hij leende Lisa zijn computer en vertelde haar zijn wachtwoord. Op
die manier, wanneer Lisa zijn boeken zou lezen, zou Centraal Licentiebeheer
denken dat hij het was die ze las. Het was nog steeds een misdaad maar de SBD
zou er niet automatisch achter komen. Dat zou alleen gebeuren wanneer Lisa hem
zou verraden."
-
-#. type: Content of: <p>
-msgid "Of course, if the school ever found out that he had given Lissa his own
password, it would be curtains for both of them as students, regardless of what
she had used it for. School policy was that any interference with their means
of monitoring students' computer use was grounds for disciplinary action. It
didn't matter whether you did anything harmful—the offense was making it
hard for the administrators to check on you. They assumed this meant you were
doing something else forbidden, and they did not need to know what it was."
-msgstr "Uiteraard zouden zowel hij als Lisa het als studenten kunnen vergeten
op school, wanneer die er ooit achter zou komen, of Lisa die boeken nu zou
lezen of niet. Het standpunt van de school was dat wanneer er geknoeid werd met
de manier waarop zij het gebruik van computers controleerden, dit reden was
voor strafmaatregelen. Het maakte daarbij niet uit of je er kwaad mee
deed—het knoeien belemmerde de leiding in zijn controlerende functie. Ze
namen daarbij automatisch aan dat je dus iets illegaals aan het doen was en het
interesseerde ze daarbij niet wat dat dan was."
-
-#. type: Content of: <p>
-msgid "Students were not usually expelled for this—not directly.
Instead they were banned from the school computer systems, and would inevitably
fail all their classes."
-msgstr "studenten werden voor dit vergrijp niet van school gestuurd—niet
meteen. In plaats daarvan werd hen de toegang tot de schoolcomputers ontzegd,
zodat ze uiteindelijk hun tentamens niet konden halen."
-
-#. type: Content of: <p>
-msgid "Later, Dan would learn that this kind of university policy started only
in the 1980s, when university students in large numbers began using computers.
Previously, universities maintained a different approach to student discipline;
they punished activities that were harmful, not those that merely raised
suspicion."
-msgstr "Dirk zou er later achter komen dat dit universiteitsbeleid ergens rond
1980 was begonnen, toen studenten in grote getale computers gingen gebruiken.
Daarvóór hadden universiteiten een ander beleid. Alleen
activiteiten die schadelijk waren werden bestraft, niet de activiteiten die
slechts verdacht waren."
-
-#. type: Content of: <p>
-msgid "Lissa did not report Dan to the SPA. His decision to help her led to
their marriage, and also led them to question what they had been taught about
piracy as children. The couple began reading about the history of copyright,
about the Soviet Union and its restrictions on copying, and even the original
United States Constitution. They moved to Luna, where they found others who
had likewise gravitated away from the long arm of the SPA. When the Tycho
Uprising began in 2062, the universal right to read soon became one of its
central aims."
-msgstr "Lisa verraadde Dirk niet aan de SBD. Zijn besluit haar te helpen
mondde uiteindelijk uit in een huwelijk en zaaide twijfel over wat hen als
kinderen was geleerd over piraterij. Het paar begon de geschiedenis van het
auteursrecht uit te pluizen, over de Sovjet Unie met haar kopieer-beperkingen
en zelfs over de originele Amerikaanse grondwet. Ze verhuisden naar Luna,
alwaar ze gelijkgestemden ontmoetten die ook gevlucht waren voor de lange arm
van de SBD. Toen de Tycho revolutie in 2062 begon werd het centrale thema
hiervan het universele recht om te lezen."
+msgid ""
+"From <cite>The Road To Tycho</cite>, a collection of articles about the "
+"antecedents of the Lunarian Revolution, published in Luna City in 2096."
+msgstr ""
+"(uit <cite>De Gang Naar Tycho</cite>, een serie artikelen over de "
+"voorgeschiedenis van de Luna-revolutie, verschenen in Maanstad in 2096)"
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"For Dan Halbert, the road to Tycho began in college—when Lissa Lenz "
+"asked to borrow his computer. Hers had broken down, and unless she could "
+"borrow another, she would fail her midterm project. There was no one she "
+"dared ask, except Dan."
+msgstr ""
+"Voor Dirk Halbert begon de gang naar Tycho op school—toen Lisa Lenz "
+"zijn computer te leen vroeg. Die van haar was stukgegaan en als ze niet gauw "
+"een andere kon lenen zou ze te laat zijn met haar werkstuk. Ze durfde het "
+"alleen Dirk te vragen."
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"This put Dan in a dilemma. He had to help her—but if he lent her his "
+"computer, she might read his books. Aside from the fact that you could go "
+"to prison for many years for letting someone else read your books, the very "
+"idea shocked him at first. Like everyone, he had been taught since "
+"elementary school that sharing books was nasty and wrong—something "
+"that only pirates would do."
+msgstr ""
+"Dit plaatste Dirk in hevige tweestrijd. Hij zou haar eigenlijk moeten helpen "
+"—maar als hij zijn computer uitleende zou ze zijn boeken kunnen "
+"lezen. Nog afgezien van het feit dat je een lange gevangenisstraf wachtte "
+"wanneer je iemand anders je boeken liet lezen, schrok hij zelf eerst ook van "
+"het idee. Net als ieder ander werd hem al sinds de basisschool ingeprent dat "
+"het uitlenen van boeken iets slechts en crimineels was—iets wat alleen "
+"piraten deden."
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"And there wasn't much chance that the SPA—the Software Protection "
+"Authority—would fail to catch him. In his software class, Dan had "
+"learned that each book had a copyright monitor that reported when and where "
+"it was read, and by whom, to Central Licensing. (They used this information "
+"to catch reading pirates, but also to sell personal interest profiles to "
+"retailers.) The next time his computer was networked, Central Licensing "
+"would find out. He, as computer owner, would receive the harshest "
+"punishment—for not taking pains to prevent the crime."
+msgstr ""
+"En verder weinig kans dat de SBD—de Software Beschermings Dienst—"
+"er niet achter zou komen. Tijdens de lessen Software was Dirk geleerd dat "
+"ieder boek een ingebouwde auteursrechtenagent had die aan Centraal "
+"Licentiebeheer rapporteerde waar, wanneer en door wie het boek gelezen werd. "
+"(Deze informatie gebruikten ze om leespiraten te pakken, maar ook om "
+"consumentenprofielen te verkopen aan handelaren). Zodra hij zijn computer "
+"aan het netwerk zou koppelen, zou Centraal Licentiebeheer er achter komen. "
+"Hijzelf, als eigenaar van de computer, zou de zwaarste straf krijgen—"
+"omdat hij niet zijn best zou hebben gedaan deze misdaad te voorkomen."
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"Of course, Lissa did not necessarily intend to read his books. She might "
+"want the computer only to write her midterm. But Dan knew she came from a "
+"middle-class family and could hardly afford the tuition, let alone her "
+"reading fees. Reading his books might be the only way she could graduate. "
+"He understood this situation; he himself had had to borrow to pay for all "
+"the research papers he read. (Ten percent of those fees went to the "
+"researchers who wrote the papers; since Dan aimed for an academic career, he "
+"could hope that his own research papers, if frequently referenced, would "
+"bring in enough to repay this loan.)"
+msgstr ""
+"Lisa wilde natuurlijk niet zijn boeken lezen. Ze zou hem alleen nodig hebben "
+"om haar werkstuk af te maken. Maar Dirk wist dat ze uit een modaal gezin "
+"kwam en dus nauwelijks het lesgeld kon betalen, laat staan de leesheffing. "
+"Het lezen van zijn boeken zou weleens haar enige kans kunnen zijn op een "
+"diploma. Hijzelf was er zich maar al te zeer van bewust; hij had zichzelf "
+"zwaar in de schulden moeten steken om de leesheffingen te kunnen betalen van "
+"alle wetenschappelijke publicaties die hij las. (10% van de heffingen ging "
+"naar de onderzoekers die de artikelen schreven en aangezien Dirk een "
+"wetenschappelijke carriére nastreefde hoopte hij in de toekomst met "
+"zijn eigen wetenschappelijke publicaties zijn lening terug te kunnen "
+"betalen, mits zijn publicaties maar vaak genoeg zouden worden gerefereerd.)"
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"Later on, Dan would learn there was a time when anyone could go to the "
+"library and read journal articles, and even books, without having to pay. "
+"There were independent scholars who read thousands of pages without "
+"government library grants. But in the 1990s, both commercial and nonprofit "
+"journal publishers had begun charging fees for access. By 2047, libraries "
+"offering free public access to scholarly literature were a dim memory."
+msgstr ""
+"Later zou Dirk erachter komen dat er een tijd was geweest waarin iedereen "
+"vrijelijk naar de bibliotheek kon gaan om er publicaties te lezen, en zelfs "
+"boeken, zonder daarvoor te betalen. Er bestonden toen onafhankelijke "
+"studenten en onderwijzers die duizenden pagina's lazen zonder "
+"bibliotheeksubsidie van de overheid. Maar rond 1990 begonnen zowel "
+"commerciële als niet-commerciële uitgevers geld te vragen voor "
+"toegang. Tegen 2047 was zelfs de <em> herinnering</em> aan bibliotheken die "
+"vrijelijk toegang boden vervaagd."
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"There were ways, of course, to get around the SPA and Central Licensing. "
+"They were themselves illegal. Dan had had a classmate in software, Frank "
+"Martucci, who had obtained an illicit debugging tool, and used it to skip "
+"over the copyright monitor code when reading books. But he had told too "
+"many friends about it, and one of them turned him in to the SPA for a reward "
+"(students deep in debt were easily tempted into betrayal). In 2047, Frank "
+"was in prison, not for pirate reading, but for possessing a debugger."
+msgstr ""
+"Natuurlijk waren er manieren om de SBD en Centraal Licentiebeheer te "
+"omzeilen. Maar die waren illegaal. Dirk kende een klasgenoot in Software, "
+"Frank Martucci, die een illegaal debug-programma op de kop had getikt wat "
+"hij gebruikte om de code van de auteursrechtenagent over te slaan wanneer "
+"hij boeken las. Maar hij had het teveel rondgebazuind en iemand had hem "
+"verraden aan de SBD voor een beloning (studenten die zwaar in de schulden "
+"zaten kwamen makkelijk tot verraad). In 2047 belandde Frank in de "
+"gevangenis. Niet voor lees-piraterij maar voor het in bezit hebben van een "
+"debug-programma."
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"Dan would later learn that there was a time when anyone could have debugging "
+"tools. There were even free debugging tools available on CD or downloadable "
+"over the net. But ordinary users started using them to bypass copyright "
+"monitors, and eventually a judge ruled that this had become their principal "
+"use in actual practice. This meant they were illegal; the debuggers' "
+"developers were sent to prison."
+msgstr ""
+"Dirk zou er later achter komen dat er een tijd was geweest dat iedereen "
+"dergelijke programma's mocht hebben. Er waren zelfs vrije debug-programma's "
+"verkrijgbaar op CD en via het net. Maar lezers gingen ze gebruiken om "
+"auteursrechtagenten te omzeilen en uiteindelijk bepaalde een rechter dat "
+"debug-programma's hoofdzakelijk gebruikt werden voor dit doel. En dat "
+"betekende dus dat ze illegaal waren; de ontwikkelaars van debug-programma's "
+"belandden in de cel."
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"Programmers still needed debugging tools, of course, but debugger vendors in "
+"2047 distributed numbered copies only, and only to officially licensed and "
+"bonded programmers. The debugger Dan used in software class was kept behind "
+"a special firewall so that it could be used only for class exercises."
+msgstr ""
+"Programmeurs hadden natuurlijk nog steeds debug-programma's nodig maar "
+"exemplaren werden in 2047 alleen nog in genummerde oplagen verspreid, en "
+"alleen aan officieel geregistreerde programmeurs. Het debug-programma wat "
+"Dirk in de lessen gebruikte zat achter een speciale firewall zodat deze "
+"alleen voor de lessen kon worden gebruikt."
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"It was also possible to bypass the copyright monitors by installing a "
+"modified system kernel. Dan would eventually find out about the free "
+"kernels, even entire free operating systems, that had existed around the "
+"turn of the century. But not only were they illegal, like debuggers—"
+"you could not install one if you had one, without knowing your computer's "
+"root password. And neither the <abbr title=\"Federal Bureau of Investigation"
+"\">FBI</abbr> nor Microsoft Support would tell you that."
+msgstr ""
+"Het was ook mogelijk de agenten te omzeilen met een geprepareerd "
+"besturingssysteem. Dirk zou er al gauw achter komen dat er rond de "
+"eeuwwisseling vrije besturingssystemen waren. Ze waren echter niet alleen "
+"verboden, net als debug-programma's—je zou er alleen een kunnen "
+"installeren als je het systeemwachtwoord wist. En noch de <abbr title="
+"\"Federal Bureau of Investigation\">FBI</abbr>, noch Microsoft support zou "
+"je die geven."
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"Dan concluded that he couldn't simply lend Lissa his computer. But he "
+"couldn't refuse to help her, because he loved her. Every chance to speak "
+"with her filled him with delight. And that she chose him to ask for help, "
+"that could mean she loved him too."
+msgstr ""
+"Dirk kwam tot de conclusie dat hij Lisa zijn computer niet kon lenen. Maar "
+"hij wilde haar wel helpen want hij was smoorverliefd op haar. Iedere keer "
+"dat hij haar ontmoette voelde hij de vlinders in zijn buik. En dat ze "
+"uitgerekend hém vroeg haar te helpen zou wel eens kunnen betekenen "
+"dat zij ook wat voor hem voelde."
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"Dan resolved the dilemma by doing something even more unthinkable—he "
+"lent her the computer, and told her his password. This way, if Lissa read "
+"his books, Central Licensing would think he was reading them. It was still "
+"a crime, but the SPA would not automatically find out about it. They would "
+"only find out if Lissa reported him."
+msgstr ""
+"Dirk loste het dilemma uiteindelijk op door iets nog gewaagders te "
+"doen— hij leende Lisa zijn computer en vertelde haar zijn wachtwoord. "
+"Op die manier, wanneer Lisa zijn boeken zou lezen, zou Centraal "
+"Licentiebeheer denken dat hij het was die ze las. Het was nog steeds een "
+"misdaad maar de SBD zou er niet automatisch achter komen. Dat zou alleen "
+"gebeuren wanneer Lisa hem zou verraden."
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"Of course, if the school ever found out that he had given Lissa his own "
+"password, it would be curtains for both of them as students, regardless of "
+"what she had used it for. School policy was that any interference with "
+"their means of monitoring students' computer use was grounds for "
+"disciplinary action. It didn't matter whether you did anything "
+"harmful—the offense was making it hard for the administrators to check "
+"on you. They assumed this meant you were doing something else forbidden, "
+"and they did not need to know what it was."
+msgstr ""
+"Uiteraard zouden zowel hij als Lisa het als studenten kunnen vergeten op "
+"school, wanneer die er ooit achter zou komen, of Lisa die boeken nu zou "
+"lezen of niet. Het standpunt van de school was dat wanneer er geknoeid werd "
+"met de manier waarop zij het gebruik van computers controleerden, dit reden "
+"was voor strafmaatregelen. Het maakte daarbij niet uit of je er kwaad mee "
+"deed—het knoeien belemmerde de leiding in zijn controlerende functie. "
+"Ze namen daarbij automatisch aan dat je dus iets illegaals aan het doen was "
+"en het interesseerde ze daarbij niet wat dat dan was."
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"Students were not usually expelled for this—not directly. Instead "
+"they were banned from the school computer systems, and would inevitably fail "
+"all their classes."
+msgstr ""
+"studenten werden voor dit vergrijp niet van school gestuurd—niet "
+"meteen. In plaats daarvan werd hen de toegang tot de schoolcomputers "
+"ontzegd, zodat ze uiteindelijk hun tentamens niet konden halen."
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"Later, Dan would learn that this kind of university policy started only in "
+"the 1980s, when university students in large numbers began using computers. "
+"Previously, universities maintained a different approach to student "
+"discipline; they punished activities that were harmful, not those that "
+"merely raised suspicion."
+msgstr ""
+"Dirk zou er later achter komen dat dit universiteitsbeleid ergens rond 1980 "
+"was begonnen, toen studenten in grote getale computers gingen gebruiken. "
+"Daarvóór hadden universiteiten een ander beleid. Alleen "
+"activiteiten die schadelijk waren werden bestraft, niet de activiteiten die "
+"slechts verdacht waren."
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"Lissa did not report Dan to the SPA. His decision to help her led to their "
+"marriage, and also led them to question what they had been taught about "
+"piracy as children. The couple began reading about the history of "
+"copyright, about the Soviet Union and its restrictions on copying, and even "
+"the original United States Constitution. They moved to Luna, where they "
+"found others who had likewise gravitated away from the long arm of the SPA. "
+"When the Tycho Uprising began in 2062, the universal right to read soon "
+"became one of its central aims."
+msgstr ""
+"Lisa verraadde Dirk niet aan de SBD. Zijn besluit haar te helpen mondde "
+"uiteindelijk uit in een huwelijk en zaaide twijfel over wat hen als kinderen "
+"was geleerd over piraterij. Het paar begon de geschiedenis van het "
+"auteursrecht uit te pluizen, over de Sovjet Unie met haar kopieer-"
+"beperkingen en zelfs over de originele Amerikaanse grondwet. Ze verhuisden "
+"naar Luna, alwaar ze gelijkgestemden ontmoetten die ook gevlucht waren voor "
+"de lange arm van de SBD. Toen de Tycho revolutie in 2062 begon werd het "
+"centrale thema hiervan het universele recht om te lezen."
#. type: Content of: <h3>
msgid "Author's Note"
msgstr "Opmerkingen van de auteur"
#. type: Content of: <p>
-msgid "[This note has been updated several times since the first publication
of the story.]"
-msgstr "[Deze voetnoot is meerdere keren bijgewerkt sinds de eerste
publicatie.]"
-
-#. type: Content of: <p>
-msgid "The right to read is a battle being fought today. Although it may take
50 years for our present way of life to fade into obscurity, most of the
specific laws and practices described above have already been proposed; many
have been enacted into law in the US and elsewhere. In the US, the 1998
Digital Millennium Copyright Act (DMCA) established the legal basis to restrict
the reading and lending of computerized books (and other works as well). The
European Union imposed similar restrictions in a 2001 copyright directive. In
France, under the DADVSI law adopted in 2006, mere possession of a copy of
DeCSS, the free program to decrypt video on a DVD, is a crime."
-msgstr "Het recht om te lezen is een strijd die nu wordt gestreden. Ook al kan
het 50 jaar duren voordat onze manier van leven in de vergetelheid raakt, het
meeste van boven beschreven wetten en voorschriften zijn al voorgesteld; veel
ervan is al verwerkt in Amerikaanse en andere wetten. In de VS werd in 1998 de
“Digital Millenium Copyright Act” van kracht waarin een juridische
basis werd gelegd voor het beperken van het lezen en uitlenen van electronische
boeken (en andere werken). De Europese Unie kwam met eenzelfde richtlijn in
2001 aangaande auteursrecht. In Frankrijk is het inmiddels een misdaad, onder
de uit 2006 stammende DADVSI-wet, om een kopie te bezitten van het programma
DeCSS, een vrij programma voor het ontcijferen van DVD-versleuteling."
-
-#. type: Content of: <p>
-msgid "In 2001, Disney-funded Senator Hollings proposed a bill called the
SSSCA that would require every new computer to have mandatory copy-restriction
facilities that the user cannot bypass. Following the Clipper chip and similar
US government key-escrow proposals, this shows a long-term trend: computer
systems are increasingly set up to give absentees with clout control over the
people actually using the computer system. The SSSCA was later renamed to the
unpronounceable CBDTPA, which was glossed as the “Consume But Don't Try
Programming Act”."
-msgstr "In 2001 kwam senator Hollings, gesponsored door Disney, met een
wetsvoorstel genaamd SSSCA waarin het verplicht werd gesteld om iedere nieuwe
computer uit te rusten met een kopieerbeveiliging waar de gebruiker niet bij
kan. Samen met de Clipper chip en daarop gelijkende voorstellen van de
Amerikaanse overheid, duidt dit op een trend: computersystemen worden meer en
meer ingericht om invloedrijke derden controle te geven over de daadwerkelijke
gebruikers van een systeem. De SSSCA werd later omgedoopt tot het
onuitspreekbare CBDTPA, in de volksmond beter bekend als de “Consume But
Don't Try Programming Act ”."
-
-#. type: Content of: <p>
-msgid "The Republicans took control of the US senate shortly thereafter. They
are less tied to Hollywood than the Democrats, so they did not press these
proposals. Now that the Democrats are back in control, the danger is once
again higher."
-msgstr "De Republikeinen kregen kort daarna de meerderheid in de senaat. Zij
zijn niet zo afhankelijk van Hollywood als de Democraten en hebben dus geen
druk gezet achter deze voorstellen. Nu de Democraten weer de meerderheid hebben
neemt ook het gevaar weer toe."
-
-#. type: Content of: <p>
-msgid "In 2001 the US began attempting to use the proposed Free Trade Area of
the Americas (FTAA) treaty to impose the same rules on all the countries in the
Western Hemisphere. The FTAA is one of the so-called free trade treaties,
which are actually designed to give business increased power over democratic
governments; imposing laws like the DMCA is typical of this spirit. The FTAA
was effectively killed by Lula, President of Brazil, who rejected the DMCA
requirement and others."
-msgstr "In 2001 begon de VS, onder de paraplu van de Amerikaanse
vrijhandelszone, met pogingen dezelfde restricties toe te passen op het gehele
Amerikaanse continent. De FTAA is een zogenaamde
“vrijhandels”-overeenkomst die er eigenlijk is om het bedrijfsleven
meer macht te geven over democratisch gekozen regeringen; het toepassen van
wetten als de DMCA is daar een typisch voorbeeld van. De FTAA werd grondig om
zeep geholpen door Lula, president van Brazilië, die wetten als de DMCA en
anderen afwees."
-
-#. type: Content of: <p>
-msgid "Since then, the US has imposed similar requirements on countries such
as Australia and Mexico through bilateral “free trade” agreements,
and on countries such as Costa Rica through another treaty, CAFTA. Ecuador's
President Correa refused to sign a “free trade” agreement with the
US, but I've heard Ecuador had adopted something like the DMCA in 2003."
-msgstr "Sindsdien heeft de VS geprobeerd restricties op te leggen aan landen
als Australië en Mexico via bilaterale
“vrijhandels”-overeenkomsten, en aan landen als Costa Rica via de
CAFTA. President Correa van Ecuador weigerde de
“vrijhandels”-overeenkomst te tekenen maar Ecuador heeft reeds in
2003 een wet aangenomen die op de DMCA lijkt. De nieuwe grondwet van Ecuador
opent wellicht de mogelijkheid om hiervan af te komen."
-
-#. type: Content of: <p>
-msgid "One of the ideas in the story was not proposed in reality until 2002.
This is the idea that the <abbr>FBI</abbr> and Microsoft will keep the root
passwords for your personal computers, and not let you have them."
-msgstr "Één van de ideeën uit het verhaal is pas in 2002
voorgesteld. Dat is het voorstel waarbij de <abbr>FBI</abbr> en Microsoft het
systeemwachtwoord van je systeem beheren en het jou niet geven."
-
-#. type: Content of: <p>
-msgid "The proponents of this scheme have given it names such as
“trusted computing” and “Palladium”. We call it <a
href=\"/philosophy/can-you-trust.html\">“treacherous computing”</a>
because the effect is to make your computer obey companies even to the extent
of disobeying and defying you. This was implemented in 2007 as part of <a
href=\"http://badvista.org/\";>Windows Vista</a>; we expect Apple to do
something similar. In this scheme, it is the manufacturer that keeps the
secret code, but the <abbr>FBI</abbr> would have little trouble getting it."
-msgstr "Voorstanders van deze voorstellen noemen het “trusted
computing” (“vertrouwd computeren”) en
“palladium”. Wij noemen het <a
href=\"/philosophy/can-you-trust.nl.html\">“treacherous
computing”</a> (“verraderlijk computeren”), omdat het netto
effect is dat computers naar derden gaan luisteren en niet naar jou. Het werd
toegepast in 2007 als onderdeel van <a href=\"http://badvista.org/\";>Windows
Vista</a>; we verwachten dat Apple snel zal volgen. In deze toepassing is het
de fabrikant die het wachtwoord beheert maar de <abbr>FBI</abbr> zal weinig
moeite hebben om dit te achterhalen."
-
-#. type: Content of: <p>
-msgid "What Microsoft keeps is not exactly a password in the traditional
sense; no person ever types it on a terminal. Rather, it is a signature and
encryption key that corresponds to a second key stored in your computer. This
enables Microsoft, and potentially any web sites that cooperate with Microsoft,
the ultimate control over what the user can do on his own computer."
-msgstr "Wat Microsoft beheerd is niet precies een wachtwoord zoals we dat
kennen; niemand zal het ooit hoeven intikken. Het is meer een handtekening en
een versleutelde sleutel die overeenkomt met een tweede sleutel in jouw
computer. Dit geeft Microsoft, en mogelijk ieder website die met Microsoft
samenwerkt, totale controle over wat een gebruiker kan doen op zijn computer."
-
-#. type: Content of: <p>
-msgid "Vista also gives Microsoft additional powers; for instance, Microsoft
can forcibly install upgrades, and it can order all machines running Vista to
refuse to run a certain device driver. The main purpose of Vista's many
restrictions is to impose DRM (Digital Restrictions Management) that users
can't overcome. The threat of DRM is why we have established the <a
href=\"http://DefectiveByDesign.org\";> Defective by Design</a> campaign."
-msgstr "Vista geeft Microsoft nog meer macht; Microsoft kan bijvoorbeeld een
installatie van upgrades afdwingen, en het kan alle machines die Vista hebben
opdragen om bepaalde stuurprogramma's te weigeren. Het primaire doel van de
vele beperkingen van Vista is om DRM te krijgen waar gebruikers geen controle
over hebben. De DRM bedreiging is de aanleiding voor de <a
href=\"http://DefectiveByDesign.org\";> Defective by Design</a> campagne."
-
-#. type: Content of: <p>
-msgid "When this story was first written, the SPA was threatening small
Internet service providers, demanding they permit the SPA to monitor all users.
Most ISPs surrendered when threatened, because they cannot afford to fight
back in court. One ISP, Community ConneXion in Oakland, California, refused
the demand and was actually sued. The SPA later dropped the suit, but obtained
the DMCA, which gave them the power they sought."
-msgstr "Ten tijde van dit schrijven chanteerde de SPA kleine
Internetaanbieders en eisten dat de SPA alle gebruikers kon controleren. De
meeste aanbieders zwichtte onder deze druk omdat ze zich geen proces konden
veroorloven (Atlanta Journal-Constitution, 1 Okt 96, D3.). Tenminste
één aanbieder, Community ConneXion in Oakland, Californië,
weigerde en werd prompt voor de rechter gedaagd. De SPA zette het proces niet
door maar verkreeg in plaats daarvan wel de DMCA, die hen de macht geeft die ze
zochten."
-
-#. type: Content of: <p>
-msgid "The SPA, which actually stands for Software Publishers Association, has
been replaced in its police-like role by the Business Software Alliance. The
BSA is not, today, an official police force; unofficially, it acts like one.
Using methods reminiscent of the erstwhile Soviet Union, it invites people to
inform on their coworkers and friends. A BSA terror campaign in Argentina in
2001 made slightly veiled threats that people sharing software would be raped."
-msgstr "De SBD (SPA in de onvertaalde versie, of “Software Protection
Agency ”) staat eigenlijk voor “Software Publisher's
Association” en is inmiddels vervangen door de BSA of Business Software
Alliance. Het is op dit moment geen officiële politiemacht maar treedt wel
zo op. Ze gebruiken methoden die aan het oude Russische communistische regime
doen denken en nodigen mensen uit hun collega's en vrienden te verraden. Een
terreurcampagne van de BSA in Argentinië in 2001 suggereerde dat mensen
die software deelden verkracht zouden worden."
-
-#. type: Content of: <p>
-msgid "The university security policies described above are not imaginary.
For example, a computer at one Chicago-area university displayed this message
upon login:"
-msgstr "Het beleid van de universiteit met betrekking tot beveiliging is niet
verzonnen. Computers op een universiteit bij Chigago laten deze boodschap zien
wanneer je inlogt:"
+msgid ""
+"[This note has been updated several times since the first publication of the "
+"story.]"
+msgstr ""
+"[Deze voetnoot is meerdere keren bijgewerkt sinds de eerste publicatie.]"
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"The right to read is a battle being fought today. Although it may take 50 "
+"years for our present way of life to fade into obscurity, most of the "
+"specific laws and practices described above have already been proposed; many "
+"have been enacted into law in the US and elsewhere. In the US, the 1998 "
+"Digital Millennium Copyright Act (DMCA) established the legal basis to "
+"restrict the reading and lending of computerized books (and other works as "
+"well). The European Union imposed similar restrictions in a 2001 copyright "
+"directive. In France, under the DADVSI law adopted in 2006, mere possession "
+"of a copy of DeCSS, the free program to decrypt video on a DVD, is a crime."
+msgstr ""
+"Het recht om te lezen is een strijd die nu wordt gestreden. Ook al kan het "
+"50 jaar duren voordat onze manier van leven in de vergetelheid raakt, het "
+"meeste van boven beschreven wetten en voorschriften zijn al voorgesteld; "
+"veel ervan is al verwerkt in Amerikaanse en andere wetten. In de VS werd in "
+"1998 de “Digital Millenium Copyright Act” van kracht waarin een "
+"juridische basis werd gelegd voor het beperken van het lezen en uitlenen van "
+"electronische boeken (en andere werken). De Europese Unie kwam met eenzelfde "
+"richtlijn in 2001 aangaande auteursrecht. In Frankrijk is het inmiddels een "
+"misdaad, onder de uit 2006 stammende DADVSI-wet, om een kopie te bezitten "
+"van het programma DeCSS, een vrij programma voor het ontcijferen van DVD-"
+"versleuteling."
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"In 2001, Disney-funded Senator Hollings proposed a bill called the SSSCA "
+"that would require every new computer to have mandatory copy-restriction "
+"facilities that the user cannot bypass. Following the Clipper chip and "
+"similar US government key-escrow proposals, this shows a long-term trend: "
+"computer systems are increasingly set up to give absentees with clout "
+"control over the people actually using the computer system. The SSSCA was "
+"later renamed to the unpronounceable CBDTPA, which was glossed as the “"
+"Consume But Don't Try Programming Act”."
+msgstr ""
+"In 2001 kwam senator Hollings, gesponsored door Disney, met een wetsvoorstel "
+"genaamd SSSCA waarin het verplicht werd gesteld om iedere nieuwe computer "
+"uit te rusten met een kopieerbeveiliging waar de gebruiker niet bij kan. "
+"Samen met de Clipper chip en daarop gelijkende voorstellen van de "
+"Amerikaanse overheid, duidt dit op een trend: computersystemen worden meer "
+"en meer ingericht om invloedrijke derden controle te geven over de "
+"daadwerkelijke gebruikers van een systeem. De SSSCA werd later omgedoopt tot "
+"het onuitspreekbare CBDTPA, in de volksmond beter bekend als de “"
+"Consume But Don't Try Programming Act ”."
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"The Republicans took control of the US senate shortly thereafter. They are "
+"less tied to Hollywood than the Democrats, so they did not press these "
+"proposals. Now that the Democrats are back in control, the danger is once "
+"again higher."
+msgstr ""
+"De Republikeinen kregen kort daarna de meerderheid in de senaat. Zij zijn "
+"niet zo afhankelijk van Hollywood als de Democraten en hebben dus geen druk "
+"gezet achter deze voorstellen. Nu de Democraten weer de meerderheid hebben "
+"neemt ook het gevaar weer toe."
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"In 2001 the US began attempting to use the proposed Free Trade Area of the "
+"Americas (FTAA) treaty to impose the same rules on all the countries in the "
+"Western Hemisphere. The FTAA is one of the so-called free trade treaties, "
+"which are actually designed to give business increased power over democratic "
+"governments; imposing laws like the DMCA is typical of this spirit. The "
+"FTAA was effectively killed by Lula, President of Brazil, who rejected the "
+"DMCA requirement and others."
+msgstr ""
+"In 2001 begon de VS, onder de paraplu van de Amerikaanse vrijhandelszone, "
+"met pogingen dezelfde restricties toe te passen op het gehele Amerikaanse "
+"continent. De FTAA is een zogenaamde “vrijhandels”-overeenkomst "
+"die er eigenlijk is om het bedrijfsleven meer macht te geven over "
+"democratisch gekozen regeringen; het toepassen van wetten als de DMCA is "
+"daar een typisch voorbeeld van. De FTAA werd grondig om zeep geholpen door "
+"Lula, president van Brazilië, die wetten als de DMCA en anderen afwees."
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"Since then, the US has imposed similar requirements on countries such as "
+"Australia and Mexico through bilateral “free trade” agreements, "
+"and on countries such as Costa Rica through another treaty, CAFTA. "
+"Ecuador's President Correa refused to sign a “free trade” "
+"agreement with the US, but I've heard Ecuador had adopted something like the "
+"DMCA in 2003."
+msgstr ""
+"Sindsdien heeft de VS geprobeerd restricties op te leggen aan landen als "
+"Australië en Mexico via bilaterale “vrijhandels”-"
+"overeenkomsten, en aan landen als Costa Rica via de CAFTA. President Correa "
+"van Ecuador weigerde de “vrijhandels”-overeenkomst te tekenen "
+"maar Ecuador heeft reeds in 2003 een wet aangenomen die op de DMCA lijkt. De "
+"nieuwe grondwet van Ecuador opent wellicht de mogelijkheid om hiervan af te "
+"komen."
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"One of the ideas in the story was not proposed in reality until 2002. This "
+"is the idea that the <abbr>FBI</abbr> and Microsoft will keep the root "
+"passwords for your personal computers, and not let you have them."
+msgstr ""
+"Één van de ideeën uit het verhaal is pas in 2002 "
+"voorgesteld. Dat is het voorstel waarbij de <abbr>FBI</abbr> en Microsoft "
+"het systeemwachtwoord van je systeem beheren en het jou niet geven."
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"The proponents of this scheme have given it names such as “trusted "
+"computing” and “Palladium”. We call it <a href=\"/"
+"philosophy/can-you-trust.html\">“treacherous computing”</a> "
+"because the effect is to make your computer obey companies even to the "
+"extent of disobeying and defying you. This was implemented in 2007 as part "
+"of <a href=\"http://badvista.org/\";>Windows Vista</a>; we expect Apple to do "
+"something similar. In this scheme, it is the manufacturer that keeps the "
+"secret code, but the <abbr>FBI</abbr> would have little trouble getting it."
+msgstr ""
+"Voorstanders van deze voorstellen noemen het “trusted computing” "
+"(“vertrouwd computeren”) en “palladium”. Wij noemen "
+"het <a href=\"/philosophy/can-you-trust.nl.html\">“treacherous "
+"computing”</a> (“verraderlijk computeren”), omdat het "
+"netto effect is dat computers naar derden gaan luisteren en niet naar jou. "
+"Het werd toegepast in 2007 als onderdeel van <a href=\"http://badvista.org/";
+"\">Windows Vista</a>; we verwachten dat Apple snel zal volgen. In deze "
+"toepassing is het de fabrikant die het wachtwoord beheert maar de <abbr>FBI</"
+"abbr> zal weinig moeite hebben om dit te achterhalen."
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"What Microsoft keeps is not exactly a password in the traditional sense; no "
+"person ever types it on a terminal. Rather, it is a signature and "
+"encryption key that corresponds to a second key stored in your computer. "
+"This enables Microsoft, and potentially any web sites that cooperate with "
+"Microsoft, the ultimate control over what the user can do on his own "
+"computer."
+msgstr ""
+"Wat Microsoft beheerd is niet precies een wachtwoord zoals we dat kennen; "
+"niemand zal het ooit hoeven intikken. Het is meer een handtekening en een "
+"versleutelde sleutel die overeenkomt met een tweede sleutel in jouw "
+"computer. Dit geeft Microsoft, en mogelijk ieder website die met Microsoft "
+"samenwerkt, totale controle over wat een gebruiker kan doen op zijn computer."
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"Vista also gives Microsoft additional powers; for instance, Microsoft can "
+"forcibly install upgrades, and it can order all machines running Vista to "
+"refuse to run a certain device driver. The main purpose of Vista's many "
+"restrictions is to impose DRM (Digital Restrictions Management) that users "
+"can't overcome. The threat of DRM is why we have established the <a href="
+"\"http://DefectiveByDesign.org\";> Defective by Design</a> campaign."
+msgstr ""
+"Vista geeft Microsoft nog meer macht; Microsoft kan bijvoorbeeld een "
+"installatie van upgrades afdwingen, en het kan alle machines die Vista "
+"hebben opdragen om bepaalde stuurprogramma's te weigeren. Het primaire doel "
+"van de vele beperkingen van Vista is om DRM te krijgen waar gebruikers geen "
+"controle over hebben. De DRM bedreiging is de aanleiding voor de <a href="
+"\"http://DefectiveByDesign.org\";> Defective by Design</a> campagne."
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"When this story was first written, the SPA was threatening small Internet "
+"service providers, demanding they permit the SPA to monitor all users. Most "
+"ISPs surrendered when threatened, because they cannot afford to fight back "
+"in court. One ISP, Community ConneXion in Oakland, California, refused the "
+"demand and was actually sued. The SPA later dropped the suit, but obtained "
+"the DMCA, which gave them the power they sought."
+msgstr ""
+"Ten tijde van dit schrijven chanteerde de SPA kleine Internetaanbieders en "
+"eisten dat de SPA alle gebruikers kon controleren. De meeste aanbieders "
+"zwichtte onder deze druk omdat ze zich geen proces konden veroorloven "
+"(Atlanta Journal-Constitution, 1 Okt 96, D3.). Tenminste één "
+"aanbieder, Community ConneXion in Oakland, Californië, weigerde en werd "
+"prompt voor de rechter gedaagd. De SPA zette het proces niet door maar "
+"verkreeg in plaats daarvan wel de DMCA, die hen de macht geeft die ze "
+"zochten."
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"The SPA, which actually stands for Software Publishers Association, has been "
+"replaced in its police-like role by the Business Software Alliance. The BSA "
+"is not, today, an official police force; unofficially, it acts like one. "
+"Using methods reminiscent of the erstwhile Soviet Union, it invites people "
+"to inform on their coworkers and friends. A BSA terror campaign in "
+"Argentina in 2001 made slightly veiled threats that people sharing software "
+"would be raped."
+msgstr ""
+"De SBD (SPA in de onvertaalde versie, of “Software Protection Agency "
+"”) staat eigenlijk voor “Software Publisher's Association” "
+"en is inmiddels vervangen door de BSA of Business Software Alliance. Het is "
+"op dit moment geen officiële politiemacht maar treedt wel zo op. Ze "
+"gebruiken methoden die aan het oude Russische communistische regime doen "
+"denken en nodigen mensen uit hun collega's en vrienden te verraden. Een "
+"terreurcampagne van de BSA in Argentinië in 2001 suggereerde dat mensen "
+"die software deelden verkracht zouden worden."
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"The university security policies described above are not imaginary. For "
+"example, a computer at one Chicago-area university displayed this message "
+"upon login:"
+msgstr ""
+"Het beleid van de universiteit met betrekking tot beveiliging is niet "
+"verzonnen. Computers op een universiteit bij Chigago laten deze boodschap "
+"zien wanneer je inlogt:"
#. type: Content of: <blockquote><p>
-msgid "This system is for the use of authorized users only. Individuals using
this computer system without authority or in the excess of their authority are
subject to having all their activities on this system monitored and recorded by
system personnel. In the course of monitoring individuals improperly using
this system or in the course of system maintenance, the activities of
authorized user may also be monitored. Anyone using this system expressly
consents to such monitoring and is advised that if such monitoring reveals
possible evidence of illegal activity or violation of University regulations
system personnel may provide the evidence of such monitoring to University
authorities and/or law enforcement officials."
-msgstr "Dit systeem mag alleen worden gebruikt door bevoegde personen.
Activiteiten van allen die niet bevoegd zijn of buiten hun bevoegdheden treden
worden gecontroleerd en vastgelegd door de beheerders. Door de controle op
onbevoegden kan het zijn dat ook activiteiten van bevoegde gebruikers wordt
vastgelegd. Eenieder die dit systeem gebruikt stemt erin toe dat dit gebeurt
en dat bewijs van illegale activiteiten die hieruit voortvloeien, door de
beheerders kan worden aangeleverd als bewijs aan de universiteit en/of de
autoriteiten."
-
-#. type: Content of: <p>
-msgid "This is an interesting approach to the Fourth Amendment: pressure most
everyone to agree, in advance, to waive their rights under it."
-msgstr "Dit is een interessante toepassing van het vierde amendement: zet
iedereen bij voorbaat onder druk om af te zien van hun rechten."
+msgid ""
+"This system is for the use of authorized users only. Individuals using this "
+"computer system without authority or in the excess of their authority are "
+"subject to having all their activities on this system monitored and recorded "
+"by system personnel. In the course of monitoring individuals improperly "
+"using this system or in the course of system maintenance, the activities of "
+"authorized user may also be monitored. Anyone using this system expressly "
+"consents to such monitoring and is advised that if such monitoring reveals "
+"possible evidence of illegal activity or violation of University regulations "
+"system personnel may provide the evidence of such monitoring to University "
+"authorities and/or law enforcement officials."
+msgstr ""
+"Dit systeem mag alleen worden gebruikt door bevoegde personen. Activiteiten "
+"van allen die niet bevoegd zijn of buiten hun bevoegdheden treden worden "
+"gecontroleerd en vastgelegd door de beheerders. Door de controle op "
+"onbevoegden kan het zijn dat ook activiteiten van bevoegde gebruikers wordt "
+"vastgelegd. Eenieder die dit systeem gebruikt stemt erin toe dat dit "
+"gebeurt en dat bewijs van illegale activiteiten die hieruit voortvloeien, "
+"door de beheerders kan worden aangeleverd als bewijs aan de universiteit en/"
+"of de autoriteiten."
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"This is an interesting approach to the Fourth Amendment: pressure most "
+"everyone to agree, in advance, to waive their rights under it."
+msgstr ""
+"Dit is een interessante toepassing van het vierde amendement: zet iedereen "
+"bij voorbaat onder druk om af te zien van hun rechten."
#. type: Content of: <h3>
msgid "Bad News"
msgstr "Slecht Nieuws"
#. type: Content of: <p>
-msgid "The battle for the right to read is already in progress, The enemy is
organized, while we are not, so it is going against us. Here are articles
about bad things that have happened since the original publication of this
article."
-msgstr "De slag om het leesrecht is al in volle gang. De vijand is goed
georganiseerd, wij niet. We zijn dus in het nadeel. Hier wat artikelen over
diverse slechte ontwikkelingen op dit gebied sinds de publicatie van dit
artikel."
-
-#. type: Content of: <ul><li>
-msgid "Today's commercial ebooks <a
href=\"/philosophy/the-danger-of-ebooks.html\"> abolish readers' traditional
freedoms.</a>"
-msgstr "Huidige e-boeken <a href=\"/philosophy/the-danger-of-ebooks.html\">
ontnemen lezers hun traditionele vrijheden.</a>"
-
-#. type: Content of: <ul><li>
-msgid "<a href=\"http://www.nature.com/nature_education/biology.html\";> A
\"biology textbook\" web site</a> that you can access only by signing a <a
href=\"http://www.nature.com/principles/viewTermsOfUse\";> contract not to lend
it to anyone else</a>, which the publisher can revoke at will."
-msgstr "<a href=\"http://www.nature.com/nature_education/biology.html\";> Een
\"biologie lesboek\" site</a> die je alleen kan bekijken wanneer je <a
href=\"http://www.nature.com/principles/viewTermsOfUse\";> belooft het aan
niemand uit te lenen</a>, en toegang kan de uitgever nog steeds ontzeggen
wanneer hij maar wil."
-
-# | <a [-href=\"http://news.zdnet.com/2100-9595_22-103151.html\";>Electronic-]
-# |
{+href=\"http://www.zdnet.com/news/seybold-opens-chapter-on-digital-books/103151\";>Electronic+}
-# | Publishing:</a> An article about distribution of books in electronic form,
-# | and copyright issues affecting the right to read a copy.
-#. type: Content of: <ul><li>
-#| msgid ""
-#| "<a href=\"http://news.zdnet.com/2100-9595_22-103151.html\";>Electronic "
-#| "Publishing:</a> An article about distribution of books in electronic "
-#| "form, and copyright issues affecting the right to read a copy."
-msgid "<a
href=\"http://www.zdnet.com/news/seybold-opens-chapter-on-digital-books/103151\";>Electronic
Publishing:</a> An article about distribution of books in electronic form, and
copyright issues affecting the right to read a copy."
-msgstr "<a
href=\"http://www.zdnet.com/news/seybold-opens-chapter-on-digital-books/103151\";>Electronic
Publishing:</a> Een artikel over het verspreiden van boeken in electronsiche
vorm en bijbehorende auteursrechten over het recht een kopie te lezen."
-
-# | <a
-# |
[-href=\"http://channels.microsoft.com/presspass/press/1999/Aug99/SeyboldPR.asp\";>Books-]
-# |
{+href=\"http://www.microsoft.com/en-us/news/press/1999/Aug99/SeyboldPR.aspx\";>Books+}
-# | inside Computers:</a> Software to control who can read books and documents
-# | on a PC.
-#. type: Content of: <ul><li>
-#| msgid ""
-#| "<a href=\"http://channels.microsoft.com/presspass/press/1999/Aug99/";
-#| "SeyboldPR.asp\">Books inside Computers:</a> Software to control who can "
-#| "read books and documents on a PC."
-msgid "<a
href=\"http://www.microsoft.com/en-us/news/press/1999/Aug99/SeyboldPR.aspx\";>Books
inside Computers:</a> Software to control who can read books and documents on
a PC."
-msgstr "<a
href=\"http://www.microsoft.com/en-us/news/press/1999/Aug99/SeyboldPR.aspx\";>Boeken
in computers:</a> Software om te bepalen wie er boeken en documenten mag lezen
op een PC."
-
-#. type: Content of: <p>
-msgid "If we want to stop the bad news and create some good news, we need to
organize and fight. The FSF's <a href=\"http://defectivebydesign.org\";>
Defective by Design</a> campaign has made a start — subscribe to the
campaign's mailing list to lend a hand. And <a
href=\"http://www.fsf.org/associate\";>join the FSF</a> to help fund our work."
-msgstr "Wanneer we een halt willen toeroepen aan het slechte nieuws moeten we
ons organiseren en vechten. De FSF's <a href=\"http://defectivebydesign.org\";>
Defective by Design</a> campagne is gestart — sluit je aan bij de
mailinglijst om hulp te bieden. En <a
href=\"http://www.fsf.org/associate\";>sluit je aan bij de FSF</a>."
+msgid ""
+"The battle for the right to read is already in progress, The enemy is "
+"organized, while we are not, so it is going against us. Here are articles "
+"about bad things that have happened since the original publication of this "
+"article."
+msgstr ""
+"De slag om het leesrecht is al in volle gang. De vijand is goed "
+"georganiseerd, wij niet. We zijn dus in het nadeel. Hier wat artikelen over "
+"diverse slechte ontwikkelingen op dit gebied sinds de publicatie van dit "
+"artikel."
+
+#. type: Content of: <ul><li>
+msgid ""
+"Today's commercial ebooks <a href=\"/philosophy/the-danger-of-ebooks.html\"> "
+"abolish readers' traditional freedoms.</a>"
+msgstr ""
+"Huidige e-boeken <a href=\"/philosophy/the-danger-of-ebooks.html\"> ontnemen "
+"lezers hun traditionele vrijheden.</a>"
+
+#. type: Content of: <ul><li>
+msgid ""
+"<a href=\"http://www.nature.com/nature_education/biology.html\";> A \"biology "
+"textbook\" web site</a> that you can access only by signing a <a href="
+"\"http://www.nature.com/principles/viewTermsOfUse\";> contract not to lend it "
+"to anyone else</a>, which the publisher can revoke at will."
+msgstr ""
+"<a href=\"http://www.nature.com/nature_education/biology.html\";> Een "
+"\"biologie lesboek\" site</a> die je alleen kan bekijken wanneer je <a href="
+"\"http://www.nature.com/principles/viewTermsOfUse\";> belooft het aan niemand "
+"uit te lenen</a>, en toegang kan de uitgever nog steeds ontzeggen wanneer "
+"hij maar wil."
+
+#. type: Content of: <ul><li>
+msgid ""
+"<a href=\"http://www.zdnet.com/news/seybold-opens-chapter-on-digital-";
+"books/103151\">Electronic Publishing:</a> An article about distribution of "
+"books in electronic form, and copyright issues affecting the right to read a "
+"copy."
+msgstr ""
+"<a href=\"http://www.zdnet.com/news/seybold-opens-chapter-on-digital-";
+"books/103151\">Electronic Publishing:</a> Een artikel over het verspreiden "
+"van boeken in electronsiche vorm en bijbehorende auteursrechten over het "
+"recht een kopie te lezen."
+
+#. type: Content of: <ul><li>
+msgid ""
+"<a href=\"http://www.microsoft.com/en-us/news/press/1999/Aug99/SeyboldPR.aspx";
+"\">Books inside Computers:</a> Software to control who can read books and "
+"documents on a PC."
+msgstr ""
+"<a href=\"http://www.microsoft.com/en-us/news/press/1999/Aug99/SeyboldPR.aspx";
+"\">Boeken in computers:</a> Software om te bepalen wie er boeken en "
+"documenten mag lezen op een PC."
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"If we want to stop the bad news and create some good news, we need to "
+"organize and fight. The FSF's <a href=\"http://defectivebydesign.org\";> "
+"Defective by Design</a> campaign has made a start — subscribe to the "
+"campaign's mailing list to lend a hand. And <a href=\"http://www.fsf.org/";
+"associate\">join the FSF</a> to help fund our work."
+msgstr ""
+"Wanneer we een halt willen toeroepen aan het slechte nieuws moeten we ons "
+"organiseren en vechten. De FSF's <a href=\"http://defectivebydesign.org\";> "
+"Defective by Design</a> campagne is gestart — sluit je aan bij de "
+"mailinglijst om hulp te bieden. En <a href=\"http://www.fsf.org/associate";
+"\">sluit je aan bij de FSF</a>."
#. type: Content of: <h3>
msgid "References"
msgstr "Referenties"
#. type: Content of: <ul><li>
-msgid "The administration's “White Paper”: Information
Infrastructure Task Force, Intellectual Property [<a
href=\"/philosophy/not-ipr.html\">sic</a>] and the National Information
Infrastructure: The Report of the Working Group on Intellectual Property [sic]
Rights (1995)."
-msgstr "The administration's “White Paper”: Information
Infrastructure Task Force, Intellectual Property [<a
href=\"/philosophy/not-ipr.html\">sic</a>] and the National Information
Infrastructure: Het rapport van de werkgroep over intellectueel eigendom
(1995)."
-
-#. type: Content of: <ul><li>
-msgid "<a
href=\"http://www.wired.com/wired/archive/4.01/white.paper_pr.html\";>An
explanation of the White Paper: The Copyright Grab</a>, Pamela Samuelson,
Wired, Jan. 1996"
-msgstr "<a
href=\"http://www.wired.com/wired/archive/4.01/white.paper_pr.html\";>An
explanation of the White Paper: The Copyright Grab</a>, Pamela Samuelson,
Wired, Jan. 1996"
-
-# | <a href=\"http://www.law.duke.edu/boylesite/[-s-]{+S+}old_out.htm\";>Sold
-# | Out</a>, James Boyle, New York Times, 31 March 1996
-#. type: Content of: <ul><li>
-#| msgid ""
-#| "<a href=\"http://www.law.duke.edu/boylesite/sold_out.htm\";>Sold Out</a>, "
-#| "James Boyle, New York Times, 31 March 1996"
-msgid "<a href=\"http://www.law.duke.edu/boylesite/Sold_out.htm\";>Sold
Out</a>, James Boyle, New York Times, 31 March 1996"
-msgstr "<a href=\"http://www.law.duke.edu/boylesite/Sold_out.htm\";>Sold
Out</a>, James Boyle, New York Times, 31 Maart 1996"
-
-#. type: Content of: <ul><li>
-msgid "<a
href=\"http://www.interesting-people.org/archives/interesting-people/199611/msg00012.html\";>Public
Data or Private Data</a>, Washington Post, 4 Nov 1996."
-msgstr "<a
href=\"http://www.interesting-people.org/archives/interesting-people/199611/msg00012.html\";>Public
Data or Private Data</a>, Washington Post, 4 Nov 1996."
-
-#. type: Content of: <ul><li>
-msgid "<a href=\"http://www.public-domain.org/\";>Union for the Public
Domain</a>—an organization which aims to resist and reverse the
overextension of copyright and patent powers."
-msgstr "<a href=\"http://www.public-domain.org/\";>Union for the Public
Domain</a>—een organisatie die tot doel heeft het doorslaan van
auteursrechten en patenten tegen te gaan."
+msgid ""
+"The administration's “White Paper”: Information Infrastructure "
+"Task Force, Intellectual Property [<a href=\"/philosophy/not-ipr.html\">sic</"
+"a>] and the National Information Infrastructure: The Report of the Working "
+"Group on Intellectual Property [sic] Rights (1995)."
+msgstr ""
+"The administration's “White Paper”: Information Infrastructure "
+"Task Force, Intellectual Property [<a href=\"/philosophy/not-ipr.html\">sic</"
+"a>] and the National Information Infrastructure: Het rapport van de "
+"werkgroep over intellectueel eigendom (1995)."
+
+#. type: Content of: <ul><li>
+msgid ""
+"<a href=\"http://www.wired.com/wired/archive/4.01/white.paper_pr.html\";>An "
+"explanation of the White Paper: The Copyright Grab</a>, Pamela Samuelson, "
+"Wired, Jan. 1996"
+msgstr ""
+"<a href=\"http://www.wired.com/wired/archive/4.01/white.paper_pr.html\";>An "
+"explanation of the White Paper: The Copyright Grab</a>, Pamela Samuelson, "
+"Wired, Jan. 1996"
+
+#. type: Content of: <ul><li>
+msgid ""
+"<a href=\"http://www.law.duke.edu/boylesite/Sold_out.htm\";>Sold Out</a>, "
+"James Boyle, New York Times, 31 March 1996"
+msgstr ""
+"<a href=\"http://www.law.duke.edu/boylesite/Sold_out.htm\";>Sold Out</a>, "
+"James Boyle, New York Times, 31 Maart 1996"
+
+#. type: Content of: <ul><li>
+msgid ""
+"<a href=\"http://www.interesting-people.org/archives/interesting-";
+"people/199611/msg00012.html\">Public Data or Private Data</a>, Washington "
+"Post, 4 Nov 1996."
+msgstr ""
+"<a href=\"http://www.interesting-people.org/archives/interesting-";
+"people/199611/msg00012.html\">Public Data or Private Data</a>, Washington "
+"Post, 4 Nov 1996."
+
+#. type: Content of: <ul><li>
+msgid ""
+"<a href=\"http://www.public-domain.org/\";>Union for the Public Domain</"
+"a>—an organization which aims to resist and reverse the overextension "
+"of copyright and patent powers."
+msgstr ""
+"<a href=\"http://www.public-domain.org/\";>Union for the Public Domain</"
+"a>—een organisatie die tot doel heeft het doorslaan van auteursrechten "
+"en patenten tegen te gaan."
#. type: Content of: <h4>
-msgid "This essay is published in <a
href=\"http://shop.fsf.org/product/free-software-free-society/\";><cite>Free
Software, Free Society: The Selected Essays of Richard M. Stallman</cite></a>."
-msgstr "Dit verhaal is uitgebracht in <a
href=\"http://shop.fsf.org/product/free-software-free-society/\";><cite>Free
Software, Free Society: The Selected Essays of Richard M. Stallman</cite></a>."
+msgid ""
+"This essay is published in <a href=\"http://shop.fsf.org/product/free-";
+"software-free-society/\"><cite>Free Software, Free Society: The Selected "
+"Essays of Richard M. Stallman</cite></a>."
+msgstr ""
+"Dit verhaal is uitgebracht in <a href=\"http://shop.fsf.org/product/free-";
+"software-free-society/\"><cite>Free Software, Free Society: The Selected "
+"Essays of Richard M. Stallman</cite></a>."
#. type: Content of: <p>
msgid "<strong>Other Texts to Read</strong>"
msgstr "<strong>Andere artikelen die je kunt lezen</strong>"
#. type: Content of: <ul><li>
-msgid "<a href=\"/philosophy/philosophy.html\">Philosophy of the GNU
Project</a>"
-msgstr "<a href=\"/philosophy/philosophy.nl.html\">De filosofie van het GNU
Project</a>"
+msgid ""
+"<a href=\"/philosophy/philosophy.html\">Philosophy of the GNU Project</a>"
+msgstr ""
+"<a href=\"/philosophy/philosophy.nl.html\">De filosofie van het GNU Project</"
+"a>"
-# | <a
-# |
[-href=\"http://www.computerworld.com/managementtopics/management/opinion/story/0,10801,49358,00.html\"-]
-# |
{+href=\"http://www.computerworld.com/s/article/49358/Copy_Protection_Just_Say_No\"+}
-# | id=\"COPYPROCTECTION\">Copy Protection: Just Say No</a>, Published in
-# | Computer World.
-#. type: Content of: <ul><li>
-#| msgid ""
-#| "<a href=\"http://www.computerworld.com/managementtopics/management/";
-#| "opinion/story/0,10801,49358,00.html\" id=\"COPYPROCTECTION\">Copy "
-#| "Protection: Just Say No</a>, Published in Computer World."
-msgid "<a
href=\"http://www.computerworld.com/s/article/49358/Copy_Protection_Just_Say_No\";
id=\"COPYPROCTECTION\">Copy Protection: Just Say No</a>, Published in Computer
World."
-msgstr "<a
href=\"http://www.computerworld.com/s/article/49358/Copy_Protection_Just_Say_No\";
id=\"COPYPROCTECTION\">Copy Protection: Just Say No</a>, Gepubliceerd door
Computer World."
+#. type: Content of: <ul><li>
+msgid ""
+"<a href=\"http://www.computerworld.com/s/article/49358/";
+"Copy_Protection_Just_Say_No\" id=\"COPYPROCTECTION\">Copy Protection: Just "
+"Say No</a>, Published in Computer World."
+msgstr ""
+"<a href=\"http://www.computerworld.com/s/article/49358/";
+"Copy_Protection_Just_Say_No\" id=\"COPYPROCTECTION\">Copy Protection: Just "
+"Say No</a>, Gepubliceerd door Computer World."
#. TRANSLATORS: Use space (SPC) as msgstr if you don't have notes.
#. type: Content of: <div>
@@ -270,25 +713,48 @@
# type: Content of: <div><p>
#. type: Content of: <div><p>
-msgid "Please send FSF & GNU inquiries to <a
href=\"mailto:address@hidden";><address@hidden></a>. There are also <a
href=\"/contact/\">other ways to contact</a> the FSF."
-msgstr "Gelieve vragen over FSF & GNU te sturen naar <a
href=\"mailto:address@hidden";><address@hidden></a>. Er zijn ook nog <a
href=\"/contact/\">andere manieren om in contact te komen</a> met de FSF."
+msgid ""
+"Please send FSF & GNU inquiries to <a href=\"mailto:address@hidden";><"
+"address@hidden></a>. There are also <a href=\"/contact/\">other ways to "
+"contact</a> the FSF."
+msgstr ""
+"Gelieve vragen over FSF & GNU te sturen naar <a
href=\"mailto:address@hidden";
+"\"><address@hidden></a>. Er zijn ook nog <a href=\"/contact/\">andere "
+"manieren om in contact te komen</a> met de FSF."
# type: Content of: <div><p>
#. type: Content of: <div><p>
-msgid "Please send broken links and other corrections or suggestions to <a
href=\"mailto:address@hidden";><address@hidden></a>."
-msgstr "Gelieve meldingen van verkeerde links en andere verbeteringen (of
suggesties) te sturen aan: <a
href=\"mailto:address@hidden";><address@hidden></a>."
+msgid ""
+"Please send broken links and other corrections or suggestions to <a href="
+"\"mailto:address@hidden";><address@hidden></a>."
+msgstr ""
+"Gelieve meldingen van verkeerde links en andere verbeteringen (of "
+"suggesties) te sturen aan: <a href=\"mailto:address@hidden";><"
+"address@hidden></a>."
#. type: Content of: <div><p>
-msgid "Please see the <a
href=\"/server/standards/README.translations.html\">Translations README</a> for
information on coordinating and submitting translations of this article."
-msgstr "Zie <a
href=\"/server/standards/README.translations.html\">Translations README</a>
voor nadere informatie over het eventueel vertalen van dit artikel."
+msgid ""
+"Please see the <a href=\"/server/standards/README.translations.html"
+"\">Translations README</a> for information on coordinating and submitting "
+"translations of this article."
+msgstr ""
+"Zie <a href=\"/server/standards/README.translations.html\">Translations "
+"README</a> voor nadere informatie over het eventueel vertalen van dit "
+"artikel."
#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid "Copyright © 1996, 2002, 2007, 2009, 2010 Richard Stallman"
msgstr "Copyright © 1996, 2002, 2007, 2009, 2010 Richard Stallman"
#. type: Content of: <div><p>
-msgid "This page is licensed under a <a rel=\"license\"
href=\"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nd/3.0/us/\";>Creative Commons
Attribution-NoDerivs 3.0 United States License</a>."
-msgstr "Deze pagina valt onder de <a rel=\"license\"
href=\"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nd/3.0/us/\";>Creative Commons
Attribution-NoDerivs 3.0 United States Licentie</a>."
+msgid ""
+"This page is licensed under a <a rel=\"license\" href=\"http://";
+"creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nd/3.0/us/\">Creative Commons Attribution-"
+"NoDerivs 3.0 United States License</a>."
+msgstr ""
+"Deze pagina valt onder de <a rel=\"license\" href=\"http://creativecommons.";
+"org/licenses/by-nd/3.0/us/\">Creative Commons Attribution-NoDerivs 3.0 "
+"United States Licentie</a>."
#. TRANSLATORS: Use space (SPC) as msgstr if you don't want credits.
#. type: Content of: <div><div>
@@ -300,4 +766,3 @@
#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid "Updated:"
msgstr "Bijgewerkt:"
-
Index: philosophy/po/speeches-and-interview.fr-en.html
===================================================================
RCS file: /web/www/www/philosophy/po/speeches-and-interview.fr-en.html,v
retrieving revision 1.20
retrieving revision 1.21
diff -u -b -r1.20 -r1.21
--- philosophy/po/speeches-and-interview.fr-en.html 30 Dec 2012 12:58:50
-0000 1.20
+++ philosophy/po/speeches-and-interview.fr-en.html 2 Jan 2013 16:28:37
-0000 1.21
@@ -186,7 +186,9 @@
speech</a> is also available.</li>
<li><a href="http://www.stallman.org";>Richard Stallman</a> interview in 2002,
talking about <a href="/philosophy/rms-hack.html">the hacker community and
ethics
-</a>, this interview is also <a
href="http://www.uta.fi/~fiteva/rms_int_fi.html";>available in Finnish</a>.</li>
+</a>, this interview is also <a
+
href="http://web.archive.org/web/20100903110335/http://www.uta.fi/~fiteva/rms_int_fi.html";>available
+ in Finnish</a> [Archived].</li>
<li><a href="http://www.stallman.org";>Richard Stallman</a>'s <a
href="http://www.mytech.it/mytech/internet/art006010045404.jsp";>
interview, <cite>Perché l'open source non è tutto</cite>, in
italian,</a> to the Mytech website, 22 April 2003. (The title reads, <cite>Why
Open Source is not all</cite>.)</li>
@@ -335,7 +337,7 @@
<p>
Updated:
<!-- timestamp start -->
-$Date: 2012/12/30 12:58:50 $
+$Date: 2013/01/02 16:28:37 $
<!-- timestamp end -->
</p>
</div>
Index: philosophy/po/third-party-ideas.fr-en.html
===================================================================
RCS file: /web/www/www/philosophy/po/third-party-ideas.fr-en.html,v
retrieving revision 1.24
retrieving revision 1.25
diff -u -b -r1.24 -r1.25
--- philosophy/po/third-party-ideas.fr-en.html 4 Nov 2012 17:29:05 -0000
1.24
+++ philosophy/po/third-party-ideas.fr-en.html 2 Jan 2013 16:28:37 -0000
1.25
@@ -149,11 +149,10 @@
which still hold true today.</li>
- <li><a
href="http://web.archive.org/web/20050214010807/http://www.openrevolt.org/";>openrevolt.org
- [Archived Page]</a> is a site devoted to providing information about
+ <li>openrevolt.org was a site devoted to providing information about
the European Copyright Directive and similar legislation. It
- concentrates on the two principal problems of the EUCD, which make
- it easier for copyright holders to censor webpages on ISPs and give
+ concentrated on the two principal problems of the EUCD, which made
+ it easier for copyright holders to censor webpages on ISPs and gave
legal protection to copy-protection measures.</li>
<li><a href="http://www.chillingeffects.org";>Chilling Effects</a> is
@@ -399,7 +398,7 @@
<p>
Updated:
<!-- timestamp start -->
-$Date: 2012/11/04 17:29:05 $
+$Date: 2013/01/02 16:28:37 $
<!-- timestamp end -->
</p>
</div>
Index: po/home.sq-en.html
===================================================================
RCS file: /web/www/www/po/home.sq-en.html,v
retrieving revision 1.17
retrieving revision 1.18
diff -u -b -r1.17 -r1.18
--- po/home.sq-en.html 11 Dec 2012 17:28:09 -0000 1.17
+++ po/home.sq-en.html 2 Jan 2013 16:28:37 -0000 1.18
@@ -217,10 +217,11 @@
<p id="unmaint"><strong>Can you take over an <a
href="/server/takeaction.html#unmaint">unmaintained GNU
package</a>?</strong>
- <a href="/software/dotgnu-forum/">dotgnu-forum</a>,
<a href="/software/dr-geo/">dr-geo</a>,
+ <a href="/software/gleem/">gleem</a>,
<a href="/software/gnatsweb/">gnatsweb</a>,
<a href="/software/halifax/">halifax</a>,
+ <a href="/software/jwhois/">jwhois</a>,
<a href="/software/metahtml/">metahtml</a>,
<a href="/software/orgadoc/">orgadoc</a>,
<a href="/software/pgccfd/">pgccfd</a>,
@@ -259,7 +260,7 @@
<p>Updated:
<!-- timestamp start -->
-$Date: 2012/12/11 17:28:09 $
+$Date: 2013/01/02 16:28:37 $
<!-- timestamp end -->
</p>
Index: po/keepingup.sq-en.html
===================================================================
RCS file: /web/www/www/po/keepingup.sq-en.html,v
retrieving revision 1.7
retrieving revision 1.8
diff -u -b -r1.7 -r1.8
--- po/keepingup.sq-en.html 27 Sep 2012 16:56:12 -0000 1.7
+++ po/keepingup.sq-en.html 2 Jan 2013 16:28:37 -0000 1.8
@@ -93,7 +93,7 @@
<p>
<!-- timestamp start -->
-Updated: $Date: 2012/09/27 16:56:12 $
+Updated: $Date: 2013/01/02 16:28:37 $
<!-- timestamp end -->
</p>
</div>
Index: po/provide.sq-en.html
===================================================================
RCS file: /web/www/www/po/provide.sq-en.html,v
retrieving revision 1.8
retrieving revision 1.9
diff -u -b -r1.8 -r1.9
--- po/provide.sq-en.html 27 Sep 2012 16:56:13 -0000 1.8
+++ po/provide.sq-en.html 2 Jan 2013 16:28:37 -0000 1.9
@@ -70,7 +70,7 @@
</p>
<p>Updated:
<!-- timestamp start -->
-$Date: 2012/09/27 16:56:13 $
+$Date: 2013/01/02 16:28:37 $
<!-- timestamp end -->
</p>
</div>
Index: server/08whatsnew.sq.html
===================================================================
RCS file: /web/www/www/server/08whatsnew.sq.html,v
retrieving revision 1.16
retrieving revision 1.17
diff -u -b -r1.16 -r1.17
--- server/08whatsnew.sq.html 2 Dec 2012 14:34:25 -0000 1.16
+++ server/08whatsnew.sq.html 2 Jan 2013 16:28:38 -0000 1.17
@@ -152,14 +152,15 @@
href="mailto:address@hidden";><em>address@hidden</em></a>. Ka gjithashtu edhe
<a
href="/contact/">mënyra të tjera për t'u lidhur me</a> FSF-në.
<br />
-Ju lutemi, lidhjet e dëmtuara, këshillat ose ndreqjet e tjera dërgojini te
-<a href="mailto:address@hidden";><em>address@hidden</em></a>.
+Ju lutemi, njoftimet mbi lidhje të dëmtuara, këshilla ose ndreqje të tjera
+dërgojini te <a
+href="mailto:address@hidden";><em>address@hidden</em></a>.
</p>
<p>
Për të dhëna mbi bashkërendimin dhe parashtrimin e përkthimeve të këtij
artikulli, ju lutemi, shihni <a
-href="/server/standards/README.translations.html">README për Përkthimet</a>.
+href="/server/standards/README.translations.html">README për përkthimet</a>.
</p>
<p>
@@ -182,7 +183,7 @@
<!-- timestamp start -->
U përditësua më:
-$Date: 2012/12/02 14:34:25 $
+$Date: 2013/01/02 16:28:38 $
<!-- timestamp end -->
</p>
Index: server/irc-rules.sq.html
===================================================================
RCS file: /web/www/www/server/irc-rules.sq.html,v
retrieving revision 1.14
retrieving revision 1.15
diff -u -b -r1.14 -r1.15
--- server/irc-rules.sq.html 27 Sep 2012 16:56:15 -0000 1.14
+++ server/irc-rules.sq.html 2 Jan 2013 16:28:38 -0000 1.15
@@ -137,12 +137,13 @@
<!--#include virtual="/server/footer.sq.html" -->
<div id="footer">
<p>
-Ju lutemi, pyetjet rreth FSF-së & GNU-së dërgojini te <a
+Ju lutemi, pyetjet për FSF & GNU dërgojini te <a
href="mailto:address@hidden";><address@hidden></a>. Ka gjithashtu edhe <a
-href="/contact/">mënyra të tjera për t'u lidhur me</a> FSF-në.
+href="/contact/">rrugë të tjera për t'u lidhur me</a> FSF-në.
<br />
-Ju lutemi, lidhjet e dëmtuara, këshillat ose ndreqjet e tjera dërgojini te
-<a href="mailto:address@hidden";><address@hidden></a>
+Ju lutemi, për lidhje të dëmtuara dhe ndreqje të tjera apo këshilla
+shkruajuni te <a
+href="mailto:address@hidden";><address@hidden></a>.
</p>
<p>
@@ -166,7 +167,7 @@
<!-- timestamp start -->
U përditësua më:
-$Date: 2012/09/27 16:56:15 $
+$Date: 2013/01/02 16:28:38 $
<!-- timestamp end -->
</p>
Index: server/mirror.sq.html
===================================================================
RCS file: /web/www/www/server/mirror.sq.html,v
retrieving revision 1.20
retrieving revision 1.21
diff -u -b -r1.20 -r1.21
--- server/mirror.sq.html 2 Dec 2012 14:34:25 -0000 1.20
+++ server/mirror.sq.html 2 Jan 2013 16:28:38 -0000 1.21
@@ -209,16 +209,17 @@
<!--#include virtual="/server/footer.sq.html" -->
<div id="footer">
-<p>Ju lutemi, pyetjet rreth FSF-së & GNU-së dërgojini te <a
+<p>Ju lutemi, pyetjet për FSF & GNU dërgojini te <a
href="mailto:address@hidden";><address@hidden></a>. Ka gjithashtu edhe <a
-href="/contact/">mënyra të tjera për t'u lidhur me</a> FSF-në.
+href="/contact/">rrugë të tjera për t'u lidhur me</a> FSF-në.
<br />
-Ju lutemi, lidhjet e dëmtuara, këshillat ose ndreqjet e tjera dërgojini te
-<a href="mailto:address@hidden";><address@hidden></a>.</p>
+Ju lutemi, për lidhje të dëmtuara dhe ndreqje të tjera apo këshilla
+shkruajuni te <a
+href="mailto:address@hidden";><address@hidden></a>.</p>
<p>Për të dhëna mbi bashkërendimin dhe parashtrimin e përkthimeve të
këtij
artikulli, ju lutemi, shihni <a
-href="/server/standards/README.translations.html">README për
Përkthimet</a>.</p>
+href="/server/standards/README.translations.html">README për
përkthimet</a>.</p>
<p>Të drejta Kopjimi © 2011 Free Software Foundation, Inc.,</p>
@@ -237,7 +238,7 @@
<p><!-- timestamp start -->
U përditësua më:
-$Date: 2012/12/02 14:34:25 $
+$Date: 2013/01/02 16:28:38 $
<!-- timestamp end -->
</p>
Index: server/server.sq.html
===================================================================
RCS file: /web/www/www/server/server.sq.html,v
retrieving revision 1.8
retrieving revision 1.9
diff -u -b -r1.8 -r1.9
--- server/server.sq.html 27 Sep 2012 16:56:15 -0000 1.8
+++ server/server.sq.html 2 Jan 2013 16:28:38 -0000 1.9
@@ -66,8 +66,9 @@
<p>Ju lutemi, kërkesat për FSF-në & GNU-në dërgojini te <a
href="mailto:address@hidden";><address@hidden></a>. Ka gjithashtu <a
href="/contact/contact.html">mënyra të tjera për t'u lidhur me</a>
FSF-në.<br />
-Ju lutemi, për lidhje të dëmtuara, ndreqje të tjera ose këshilla na
njoftoni
-te <a href="mailto:address@hidden";><address@hidden></a>.</p>
+Ju lutemi, për lidhje të dëmtuara dhe ndreqje të tjera apo këshilla
+shkruajuni te <a
+href="mailto:address@hidden";><address@hidden></a>.</p>
<p>Të drejta Kopjimi © 2011 Free Software Foundation, Inc.,</p>
@@ -85,7 +86,7 @@
<p><!-- timestamp start -->
U përditësua më:
-$Date: 2012/09/27 16:56:15 $
+$Date: 2013/01/02 16:28:38 $
<!-- timestamp end -->
</p>
Index: server/takeaction.sq.html
===================================================================
RCS file: /web/www/www/server/takeaction.sq.html,v
retrieving revision 1.77
retrieving revision 1.78
diff -u -b -r1.77 -r1.78
--- server/takeaction.sq.html 16 Dec 2012 23:27:47 -0000 1.77
+++ server/takeaction.sq.html 2 Jan 2013 16:28:38 -0000 1.78
@@ -95,7 +95,7 @@
<!-- Don't expire, but do keep in sync with the home page list -->
<h4 id="unmaint">Merrni përsipër një paketë GNU pa zot</h4>
- <p>These GNU packages are looking for a maintainer: <a
+ <p>Këto paketa GNU presin për një mirëmbajtës: <a
href="/software/dr-geo/">dr-geo</a>, <a href="/software/gleem/">gleem</a>,
<a href="/software/gnatsweb/">gnatsweb</a>, <a
href="/software/halifax/">halifax</a>, <a
@@ -105,14 +105,14 @@
href="/software/pgccfd/">pgccfd</a>, <a
href="/software/polyxmass/">polyxmass</a>, <a
href="/software/rottlog/">rottlog</a>, <a
-href="/software/snakecharmer/">snakecharmer</a>. We are also looking for a
-co-maintainer for the CASE tool <a href="/software/ferret/">ferret</a> and
-the bug tracking tool <a href="/software/gnats/">gnats</a>. See the package
-web pages for specific information, and <a
-href="/help/evaluation.html#whatmeans">this general information about GNU
-packages and maintenance</a>, and then email <a
-href="mailto:address@hidden";>address@hidden</a> if you have time
-and interest in taking over one of these projects.</p>
+href="/software/snakecharmer/">snakecharmer</a>. Kërkojmë gjithashtu një
+bashkëmirëmbajtës për mjetin CASE <a href="/software/ferret/">ferret</a>
dhe
+mjetin për ndjekje bug-esh <a href="/software/gnats/">gnats</a>. Për më
+tepër të dhëna, shihni faqet web mbi paketat dhe <a
+href="/help/evaluation.html#whatmeans">këto të dhëna të përgjithshme rreth
+paketave GNU dhe mirëmbajtjes</a>, e mandej dërgoni email te <a
+href="mailto:address@hidden";>address@hidden</a> po qe se keni kohë
+dhe interes që t'i dilni zot njërit prej këtyre projekteve..</p>
<!-- Don't expire -->
<h4 id="help_gnu_package">Kontribuoni te zhvillimi i një pakete GNU</h4>
@@ -178,18 +178,19 @@
<div id="footer">
<p>
-Ju lutemi, pyetjet rreth FSF-së & GNU-së dërgojini te <a
+Ju lutemi, pyetjet për FSF & GNU dërgojini te <a
href="mailto:address@hidden";><address@hidden></a>. Ka gjithashtu edhe <a
-href="/contact/">mënyra të tjera për t'u lidhur</a> me FSF-në.
+href="/contact/">rrugë të tjera për t'u lidhur me</a> FSF-në.
<br />
-Ju lutemi, lidhjet e dëmtuara, këshillat ose ndreqjet e tjera dërgojini te
-<a href="mailto:address@hidden";><address@hidden></a>.
+Ju lutemi, për lidhje të dëmtuara dhe ndreqje të tjera apo këshilla
+shkruajuni te <a
+href="mailto:address@hidden";><address@hidden></a>.
</p>
<p>
Për të dhëna mbi bashkërendimin dhe parashtrimin e përkthimeve të këtij
artikulli, ju lutemi, shihni <a
-href="/server/standards/README.translations.html">README për Përkthimet</a>.
+href="/server/standards/README.translations.html">README për përkthimet</a>.
</p>
<p>Të drejta Kopjimi © 2012 Free Software Foundation, Inc.,</p>
@@ -209,7 +210,7 @@
<p><!-- timestamp start -->
U përditësua më:
-$Date: 2012/12/16 23:27:47 $
+$Date: 2013/01/02 16:28:38 $
<!-- timestamp end -->
</p>
Index: server/tasks.sq.html
===================================================================
RCS file: /web/www/www/server/tasks.sq.html,v
retrieving revision 1.19
retrieving revision 1.20
diff -u -b -r1.19 -r1.20
--- server/tasks.sq.html 27 Sep 2012 16:56:17 -0000 1.19
+++ server/tasks.sq.html 2 Jan 2013 16:28:38 -0000 1.20
@@ -117,8 +117,9 @@
href="mailto:address@hidden";><em>address@hidden</em></a>. Ka gjithashtu edhe
<a
href="/contact/">mënyra të tjera për t'u lidhur me</a> FSF-në.
<br />
-Ju lutemi, lidhjet e dëmtuara, këshillat ose ndreqjet e tjera dërgojini te
-<a href="mailto:address@hidden";><em>address@hidden</em></a>.
+Ju lutemi, njoftimet mbi lidhje të dëmtuara, këshilla ose ndreqje të tjera
+dërgojini te <a
+href="mailto:address@hidden";><em>address@hidden</em></a>.
</p>
<p>
@@ -143,7 +144,7 @@
<!-- timestamp start -->
U përditësua më:
-$Date: 2012/09/27 16:56:17 $
+$Date: 2013/01/02 16:28:38 $
<!-- timestamp end -->
</p>
Index: server/po/08whatsnew.sq-en.html
===================================================================
RCS file: /web/www/www/server/po/08whatsnew.sq-en.html,v
retrieving revision 1.9
retrieving revision 1.10
diff -u -b -r1.9 -r1.10
--- server/po/08whatsnew.sq-en.html 2 Dec 2012 14:34:26 -0000 1.9
+++ server/po/08whatsnew.sq-en.html 2 Jan 2013 16:28:38 -0000 1.10
@@ -142,7 +142,7 @@
<p>
Updated:
<!-- timestamp start -->
-$Date: 2012/12/02 14:34:26 $
+$Date: 2013/01/02 16:28:38 $
<!-- timestamp end -->
</p>
</div>
Index: server/po/irc-rules.sq-en.html
===================================================================
RCS file: /web/www/www/server/po/irc-rules.sq-en.html,v
retrieving revision 1.7
retrieving revision 1.8
diff -u -b -r1.7 -r1.8
--- server/po/irc-rules.sq-en.html 27 Sep 2012 16:56:18 -0000 1.7
+++ server/po/irc-rules.sq-en.html 2 Jan 2013 16:28:38 -0000 1.8
@@ -142,7 +142,7 @@
<p>
Updated:
<!-- timestamp start -->
-$Date: 2012/09/27 16:56:18 $
+$Date: 2013/01/02 16:28:38 $
<!-- timestamp end -->
</p>
</div>
Index: server/po/mirror.sq-en.html
===================================================================
RCS file: /web/www/www/server/po/mirror.sq-en.html,v
retrieving revision 1.10
retrieving revision 1.11
diff -u -b -r1.10 -r1.11
--- server/po/mirror.sq-en.html 2 Dec 2012 14:34:26 -0000 1.10
+++ server/po/mirror.sq-en.html 2 Jan 2013 16:28:38 -0000 1.11
@@ -219,7 +219,7 @@
<p>Updated:
<!-- timestamp start -->
-$Date: 2012/12/02 14:34:26 $
+$Date: 2013/01/02 16:28:38 $
<!-- timestamp end -->
</p>
</div>
Index: server/po/server.sq-en.html
===================================================================
RCS file: /web/www/www/server/po/server.sq-en.html,v
retrieving revision 1.7
retrieving revision 1.8
diff -u -b -r1.7 -r1.8
--- server/po/server.sq-en.html 27 Sep 2012 16:56:19 -0000 1.7
+++ server/po/server.sq-en.html 2 Jan 2013 16:28:38 -0000 1.8
@@ -68,7 +68,7 @@
<p>Updated:
<!-- timestamp start -->
-$Date: 2012/09/27 16:56:19 $
+$Date: 2013/01/02 16:28:38 $
<!-- timestamp end -->
</p>
</div>
Index: server/po/takeaction.sq-en.html
===================================================================
RCS file: /web/www/www/server/po/takeaction.sq-en.html,v
retrieving revision 1.14
retrieving revision 1.15
diff -u -b -r1.14 -r1.15
--- server/po/takeaction.sq-en.html 2 Dec 2012 14:34:26 -0000 1.14
+++ server/po/takeaction.sq-en.html 2 Jan 2013 16:28:39 -0000 1.15
@@ -100,10 +100,11 @@
<!-- Don't expire, but do keep in sync with the home page list -->
<h4 id="unmaint">Take over an unmaintained GNU package</h4>
<p>These GNU packages are looking for a maintainer:
- <a href="/software/dotgnu-forum/">dotgnu-forum</a>,
<a href="/software/dr-geo/">dr-geo</a>,
+ <a href="/software/gleem/">gleem</a>,
<a href="/software/gnatsweb/">gnatsweb</a>,
<a href="/software/halifax/">halifax</a>,
+ <a href="/software/jwhois/">jwhois</a>,
<a href="/software/metahtml/">metahtml</a>,
<a href="/software/orgadoc/">orgadoc</a>,
<a href="/software/pgccfd/">pgccfd</a>,
@@ -208,7 +209,7 @@
<p>Updated:
<!-- timestamp start -->
-$Date: 2012/12/02 14:34:26 $
+$Date: 2013/01/02 16:28:39 $
<!-- timestamp end -->
</p>
</div>
Index: server/po/tasks.sq-en.html
===================================================================
RCS file: /web/www/www/server/po/tasks.sq-en.html,v
retrieving revision 1.11
retrieving revision 1.12
diff -u -b -r1.11 -r1.12
--- server/po/tasks.sq-en.html 27 Sep 2012 16:56:21 -0000 1.11
+++ server/po/tasks.sq-en.html 2 Jan 2013 16:28:39 -0000 1.12
@@ -128,7 +128,7 @@
<p>
Updated:
<!-- timestamp start -->
-$Date: 2012/09/27 16:56:21 $
+$Date: 2013/01/02 16:28:39 $
<!-- timestamp end -->
</p>
</div>
Index: server/standards/webmaster-quiz.sq.html
===================================================================
RCS file: /web/www/www/server/standards/webmaster-quiz.sq.html,v
retrieving revision 1.13
retrieving revision 1.14
diff -u -b -r1.13 -r1.14
--- server/standards/webmaster-quiz.sq.html 2 Dec 2012 14:34:27 -0000
1.13
+++ server/standards/webmaster-quiz.sq.html 2 Jan 2013 16:28:39 -0000
1.14
@@ -60,18 +60,19 @@
<div id="footer">
<p>
-Ju lutemi, pyetjet dhe kërkesat lidhur me FSF-në & GNU-në drejtojini te
-<a href="mailto:address@hidden";><address@hidden></a>. Ka edhe <a
-href="/contact/">rrugë të tjera për t'u lidhur</a> me FSF-në.
+Ju lutemi, pyetjet për FSF & GNU dërgojini te <a
+href="mailto:address@hidden";><address@hidden></a>. Ka gjithashtu edhe <a
+href="/contact/">rrugë të tjera për t'u lidhur me</a> FSF-në.
<br />
-Ju lutemi, lidhjet e dëmtuara dhe të tjera ndreqje apo këshilla dërgojini
te
-<a href="mailto:address@hidden";><address@hidden></a>.
+Ju lutemi, për lidhje të dëmtuara dhe ndreqje të tjera apo këshilla
+shkruajuni te <a
+href="mailto:address@hidden";><address@hidden></a>.
</p>
<p>
Për të dhëna mbi bashkërendimin dhe parashtrimin e përkthimeve të këtij
artikulli, ju lutemi, shihni <a
-href="/server/standards/README.translations.html">README për Përkthimet</a>.
+href="/server/standards/README.translations.html">README për përkthimet</a>.
</p>
<p>Të drejta Kopjimi © 2008, 2009 Free Software Foundation, Inc.</p>
@@ -90,7 +91,7 @@
<p><!-- timestamp start -->
U përditësua më:
-$Date: 2012/12/02 14:34:27 $
+$Date: 2013/01/02 16:28:39 $
<!-- timestamp end -->
</p>
Index: server/standards/po/webmaster-quiz.sq-en.html
===================================================================
RCS file: /web/www/www/server/standards/po/webmaster-quiz.sq-en.html,v
retrieving revision 1.9
retrieving revision 1.10
diff -u -b -r1.9 -r1.10
--- server/standards/po/webmaster-quiz.sq-en.html 2 Dec 2012 14:34:27
-0000 1.9
+++ server/standards/po/webmaster-quiz.sq-en.html 2 Jan 2013 16:28:39
-0000 1.10
@@ -71,7 +71,7 @@
<p>Updated:
<!-- timestamp start -->
-$Date: 2012/12/02 14:34:27 $
+$Date: 2013/01/02 16:28:39 $
<!-- timestamp end -->
</p>
</div>
Index: software/software.sq.html
===================================================================
RCS file: /web/www/www/software/software.sq.html,v
retrieving revision 1.9
retrieving revision 1.10
diff -u -b -r1.9 -r1.10
--- software/software.sq.html 2 Dec 2012 14:34:27 -0000 1.9
+++ software/software.sq.html 2 Jan 2013 16:28:39 -0000 1.10
@@ -136,24 +136,25 @@
href="awacs/">awacs</a>, <a href="cfs-el/">cfs-el</a>, <a
href="checker/">checker</a>, <a href="cons/">cons</a>, <a
href="dgs/">dgs</a> (display ghostscript), <a href="dld/">dld</a>, <a
+href="dotgnu/">dotgnu</a>, <a href="dotgnu-pnet/">dotgnu-pnet</a>, <a
href="http://directory.fsf.org/project/DrGenius/";>dr.genius</a>, <a
href="elib/">elib</a>, <a href="ffp/">ffp</a>, <a href="fhp/">fhp</a>, <a
-href="free/">free (gnu.free)</a>, <a href="gcron/">gcron</a> (shihni <a
+href="free/">free (gnu.free)</a>, <a href="gcron/">gcron</a> (see <a
href="mcron/">mcron</a>), <a href="gfe/">gfe</a>, <a
-href="http://directory.fsf.org/GNU/ggv.html";>ggv</a> (shihni <a
+href="http://directory.fsf.org/GNU/ggv.html";>ggv</a> (see <a
href="gv/">gv</a>), gicqd, <a
href="http://directory.fsf.org/project/giptables/";>giptables</a>, <a
href="http://directory.fsf.org/project/gnochive/";>gnochive</a>, gnotary, <a
href="http://directory.fsf.org/project/gnotepad/";>gnotepad+</a>, gnubios, <a
href="gnu-queue/">gnu-queue</a>, gnucad, <a href="gnufi/">gnufi</a>,
-gnupedia (shihni <a href="http://wikipedia.org";>wikipedia</a>), <a
+gnupedia (see <a href="http://wikipedia.org";>wikipedia</a>), <a
href="gnusql">gnusql</a>, <a href="gnustep-db/">gnustep-db</a>, <a
href="gnuts/">gnuts</a>, <a href="goldwater/">goldwater</a>, <a
href="goodbye/">goodbye</a>, <a href="goose/">goose</a>, <a
href="gphoto/">gphoto</a>, <a href="graphics/">graphics</a>, grover, <a
href="gtkeditor/">gtkeditor</a>, <a href="gtkeyboard/">gtkeyboard</a>, <a
href="guss/">guss</a>, <a href="hegemonie/">hegemonie</a>, <a
-href="lengualibre">lengualibre</a>, leonardo, libopts (shihni <a
+href="lengualibre">lengualibre</a>, leonardo, libopts (see <a
href="autogen/">autogen</a>), mana, <a href="messenger/">messenger</a>, <a
href="mgcp/">mgcp</a>, <a href="mll2html/">mll2html</a>, <a
href="obst/">obst</a>, <a href="octal/">octal</a>, p2c, <a
@@ -178,18 +179,19 @@
<div id="footer">
<p>
-Ju lutemi, pyetjet lidhur me FSF & GNU dërgojini te <a
-href="mailto:address@hidden";><address@hidden></a>. Ka edhe <a
-href="/contact/">mënyra të tjera për t'u lidhur</a> me FSF-në.
+Ju lutemi, pyetjet për FSF & GNU dërgojini te <a
+href="mailto:address@hidden";><address@hidden></a>. Ka gjithashtu edhe <a
+href="/contact/">rrugë të tjera për t'u lidhur me</a> FSF-në.
<br />
-Ju lutemi, për lidhje të dëmtuara, ndreqje të tjera ose këshilla na
njoftoni
-te <a href="mailto:address@hidden";><address@hidden></a>.
+Ju lutemi, për lidhje të dëmtuara dhe ndreqje të tjera apo këshilla
+shkruajuni te <a
+href="mailto:address@hidden";><address@hidden></a>.
</p>
<p>
Për të dhëna mbi bashkërendimin dhe parashtrimin e përkthimeve të këtij
artikulli, ju lutemi, shihni <a
-href="/server/standards/README.translations.html">README për Përkthimet</a>.
+href="/server/standards/README.translations.html">README për përkthimet</a>.
</p>
<p>Të drejta Kopjimi © 2012 Free Software Foundation, Inc.</p>
@@ -208,7 +210,7 @@
<p><!-- timestamp start -->
U përditësua më:
-$Date: 2012/12/02 14:34:27 $
+$Date: 2013/01/02 16:28:39 $
<!-- timestamp end -->
</p>
Index: software/po/software.sq-en.html
===================================================================
RCS file: /web/www/www/software/po/software.sq-en.html,v
retrieving revision 1.9
retrieving revision 1.10
diff -u -b -r1.9 -r1.10
--- software/po/software.sq-en.html 2 Dec 2012 14:34:27 -0000 1.9
+++ software/po/software.sq-en.html 2 Jan 2013 16:28:39 -0000 1.10
@@ -143,6 +143,8 @@
<a href="cons/">cons</a>,
<a href="dgs/">dgs</a> (display ghostscript),
<a href="dld/">dld</a>,
+<a href="dotgnu/">dotgnu</a>,
+<a href="dotgnu-pnet/">dotgnu-pnet</a>,
<a href="http://directory.fsf.org/project/DrGenius/";>dr.genius</a>,
<a href="elib/">elib</a>,
<a href="ffp/">ffp</a>,
@@ -230,7 +232,7 @@
<p>Updated:
<!-- timestamp start -->
-$Date: 2012/12/02 14:34:27 $
+$Date: 2013/01/02 16:28:39 $
<!-- timestamp end -->
</p>
</div>
Index: thankgnus/thankgnus.sq.html
===================================================================
RCS file: /web/www/www/thankgnus/thankgnus.sq.html,v
retrieving revision 1.9
retrieving revision 1.10
diff -u -b -r1.9 -r1.10
--- thankgnus/thankgnus.sq.html 2 Dec 2012 16:57:01 -0000 1.9
+++ thankgnus/thankgnus.sq.html 2 Jan 2013 16:28:39 -0000 1.10
@@ -76,10 +76,11 @@
<!--#include virtual="/server/footer.sq.html" -->
<div id="footer">
-<p>Ju lutemi, pyetjet dhe kërkesat e përgjithshme për FSF-në & GNU-në
+<p>Ju lutemi, pyetjet dhe kërkesat e përgjithshme rreth FSF-së & GNU-së
dërgojini te <a href="mailto:address@hidden";><address@hidden></a>. Ka
-gjithashtu <a href="/contact/">rrugë të tjera për t'u lidhur</a> me FSF-në.
-Ndreqjet ose këshillat për lidhje të dëmtuara mund të dërgohen te <a
+gjithashtu <a href="/contact/">mënyra të tjera për t'u lidhur me</a>
+FSF-në. Njoftimet për lidhje të dëmtuara dhe ndreqje apo këshilla të
tjera
+mund të dërgohen te <a
href="mailto:address@hidden";><address@hidden></a>.</p>
<p>
@@ -99,7 +100,7 @@
README</a>. -->
Për të dhëna mbi bashkërendimin dhe parashtrimin e përkthimeve të këtij
artikulli, ju lutemi, shihni <a
-href="/server/standards/README.translations.html">README për
Përkthimet</a>.</p>
+href="/server/standards/README.translations.html">README për
përkthimet</a>.</p>
<p>Të Drejta Kopjimi © 1996, 1997, 1998, 1999, 2004, 2006, 2007, 2008,
2012 Free Software Foundation, Inc.</p>
@@ -118,7 +119,7 @@
<p><!-- timestamp start -->
U përditësua më:
-$Date: 2012/12/02 16:57:01 $
+$Date: 2013/01/02 16:28:39 $
<!-- timestamp end -->
</p>
Index: thankgnus/po/thankgnus.sq-en.html
===================================================================
RCS file: /web/www/www/thankgnus/po/thankgnus.sq-en.html,v
retrieving revision 1.1
retrieving revision 1.2
diff -u -b -r1.1 -r1.2
--- thankgnus/po/thankgnus.sq-en.html 2 Dec 2012 16:57:01 -0000 1.1
+++ thankgnus/po/thankgnus.sq-en.html 2 Jan 2013 16:28:40 -0000 1.2
@@ -114,7 +114,7 @@
</p>
<p>Updated:
<!-- timestamp start -->
-$Date: 2012/12/02 16:57:01 $
+$Date: 2013/01/02 16:28:40 $
<!-- timestamp end -->
</p>
</div>
Index: philosophy/po/right-to-read.nl-en.html
===================================================================
RCS file: philosophy/po/right-to-read.nl-en.html
diff -N philosophy/po/right-to-read.nl-en.html
--- /dev/null 1 Jan 1970 00:00:00 -0000
+++ philosophy/po/right-to-read.nl-en.html 2 Jan 2013 16:28:37 -0000
1.1
@@ -0,0 +1,391 @@
+<!--#include virtual="/server/header.html" -->
+<title>The Right to Read - GNU Project - Free Software Foundation (FSF)</title>
+<!--#include virtual="/server/banner.html" -->
+<!--#include virtual="/philosophy/po/right-to-read.translist" -->
+<h2>The Right to Read</h2>
+
+<p>
+by <a href="http://www.stallman.org/";><strong>Richard Stallman</strong></a></p>
+
+<div style="text-align: center; font-size: 110%;text-shadow: 0 0 0.2em #fff;
width: 300px; float: right; margin: 12px; background-color: #a0f112; color:
#353831; padding: 1em;"><a href="http://defectivebydesign.org/ebooks.html";>Join
our mailing list about the dangers of eBooks</a>.</div>
+
+<p>
+<em>This article appeared in the February 1997 issue
+of <strong>Communications of the ACM</strong> (Volume 40, Number
+2).</em></p>
+
+<blockquote><p>
+ From <cite>The Road To Tycho</cite>, a collection of
+ articles about the antecedents of the Lunarian
+ Revolution, published in Luna City in 2096.
+</p></blockquote>
+
+<p>
+For Dan Halbert, the road to Tycho began in college—when Lissa
+Lenz asked to borrow his computer. Hers had broken down, and unless
+she could borrow another, she would fail her midterm project. There
+was no one she dared ask, except Dan.</p>
+
+<p>
+This put Dan in a dilemma. He had to help her—but if he lent
+her his computer, she might read his books. Aside from the fact that
+you could go to prison for many years for letting someone else read
+your books, the very idea shocked him at first. Like everyone, he had
+been taught since elementary school that sharing books was nasty and
+wrong—something that only pirates would do.</p>
+
+<p>
+And there wasn't much chance that the SPA—the Software
+Protection Authority—would fail to catch him. In his software
+class, Dan had learned that each book had a copyright monitor that
+reported when and where it was read, and by whom, to Central
+Licensing. (They used this information to catch reading pirates, but
+also to sell personal interest profiles to retailers.) The next time
+his computer was networked, Central Licensing would find out. He, as
+computer owner, would receive the harshest punishment—for not
+taking pains to prevent the crime.</p>
+
+<p>
+Of course, Lissa did not necessarily intend to read his books. She
+might want the computer only to write her midterm. But Dan knew she
+came from a middle-class family and could hardly afford the tuition,
+let alone her reading fees. Reading his books might be the only way
+she could graduate. He understood this situation; he himself had had
+to borrow to pay for all the research papers he read. (Ten percent of those
+fees went to the researchers who wrote the papers; since Dan aimed for
+an academic career, he could hope that his own research papers, if
+frequently referenced, would bring in enough to repay this loan.)</p>
+
+<p>
+Later on, Dan would learn there was a time when anyone could go to the
+library and read journal articles, and even books, without having to
+pay. There were independent scholars who read thousands of pages
+without government library grants. But in the 1990s, both commercial
+and nonprofit journal publishers had begun charging fees for access.
+By 2047, libraries offering free public access to scholarly literature
+were a dim memory.</p>
+
+<p>
+There were ways, of course, to get around the SPA and Central
+Licensing. They were themselves illegal. Dan had had a classmate in
+software, Frank Martucci, who had obtained an illicit debugging tool,
+and used it to skip over the copyright monitor code when reading
+books. But he had told too many friends about it, and one of them
+turned him in to the SPA for a reward (students deep in debt were
+easily tempted into betrayal). In 2047, Frank was in prison, not for
+pirate reading, but for possessing a debugger.</p>
+
+<p>
+Dan would later learn that there was a time when anyone could have
+debugging tools. There were even free debugging tools available on CD
+or downloadable over the net. But ordinary users started using them
+to bypass copyright monitors, and eventually a judge ruled that this
+had become their principal use in actual practice. This meant they
+were illegal; the debuggers' developers were sent to prison.</p>
+
+<p>
+Programmers still needed debugging tools, of course, but debugger
+vendors in 2047 distributed numbered copies only, and only to
+officially licensed and bonded programmers. The debugger Dan used in
+software class was kept behind a special firewall so that it could be
+used only for class exercises.</p>
+
+<p>
+It was also possible to bypass the copyright monitors by installing a
+modified system kernel. Dan would eventually find out about the free
+kernels, even entire free operating systems, that had existed around
+the turn of the century. But not only were they illegal, like
+debuggers—you could not install one if you had one, without
+knowing your computer's root password. And neither
+the <abbr title="Federal Bureau of Investigation">FBI</abbr> nor
+Microsoft Support would tell you that.</p>
+
+<p>
+Dan concluded that he couldn't simply lend Lissa his computer. But he
+couldn't refuse to help her, because he loved her. Every chance to
+speak with her filled him with delight. And that she chose him to ask
+for help, that could mean she loved him too.</p>
+
+<p>
+Dan resolved the dilemma by doing something even more
+unthinkable—he lent her the computer, and told her his password.
+This way, if Lissa read his books, Central Licensing would think he
+was reading them. It was still a crime, but the SPA would not
+automatically find out about it. They would only find out if Lissa
+reported him.</p>
+
+<p>
+Of course, if the school ever found out that he had given Lissa his
+own password, it would be curtains for both of them as students,
+regardless of what she had used it for. School policy was that any
+interference with their means of monitoring students' computer use was
+grounds for disciplinary action. It didn't matter whether you did
+anything harmful—the offense was making it hard for the
+administrators to check on you. They assumed this meant you were
+doing something else forbidden, and they did not need to know what it
+was.</p>
+
+<p>
+Students were not usually expelled for this—not directly.
+Instead they were banned from the school computer systems, and would
+inevitably fail all their classes.</p>
+
+<p>
+Later, Dan would learn that this kind of university policy started
+only in the 1980s, when university students in large numbers began
+using computers. Previously, universities maintained a different
+approach to student discipline; they punished activities that were
+harmful, not those that merely raised suspicion.</p>
+
+<p>
+Lissa did not report Dan to the SPA. His decision to help her led to
+their marriage, and also led them to question what they had been
+taught about piracy as children. The couple began reading about the
+history of copyright, about the Soviet Union and its restrictions on
+copying, and even the original United States Constitution. They moved
+to Luna, where they found others who had likewise gravitated away from
+the long arm of the SPA. When the Tycho Uprising began in 2062, the
+universal right to read soon became one of its central aims.</p>
+
+
+<h3 id="AuthorsNote">Author's Note</h3>
+
+<p>[This note has been updated several times since the first
+publication of the story.]</p>
+
+<p>
+The right to read is a battle being fought today. Although it may
+take 50 years for our present way of life to fade into obscurity, most
+of the specific laws and practices described above have already been
+proposed; many have been enacted into law in the US and elsewhere. In
+the US, the 1998 Digital Millennium Copyright Act (DMCA) established the legal
+basis to restrict the reading and lending of computerized books (and
+other works as well). The European Union imposed similar restrictions
+in a 2001 copyright directive. In France, under the DADVSI law
+adopted in 2006, mere possession of a copy of DeCSS, the free program
+to decrypt video on a DVD, is a crime.</p>
+
+<p>
+In 2001, Disney-funded Senator Hollings proposed a bill called the
+SSSCA that would require every new computer to have mandatory
+copy-restriction facilities that the user cannot bypass. Following
+the Clipper chip and similar US government key-escrow proposals, this
+shows a long-term trend: computer systems are increasingly set up to
+give absentees with clout control over the people actually using the
+computer system. The SSSCA was later renamed to the unpronounceable
+CBDTPA, which was glossed as the “Consume But Don't Try
+Programming Act”.
+</p>
+
+<p>
+The Republicans took control of the US senate shortly thereafter.
+They are less tied to Hollywood than the Democrats, so they did not
+press these proposals. Now that the Democrats are back in control,
+the danger is once again higher.</p>
+
+<p>
+In 2001 the US began attempting to use the proposed Free Trade Area of
+the Americas (FTAA) treaty to impose the same rules on all the countries in
+the Western Hemisphere. The FTAA is one of the so-called free
+trade treaties, which are actually designed to give business
+increased power over democratic governments; imposing laws like the
+DMCA is typical of this spirit. The FTAA was effectively killed by
+Lula, President of Brazil, who rejected the DMCA requirement and
+others.</p>
+
+<p>
+Since then, the US has imposed similar requirements on countries such
+as Australia and Mexico through bilateral “free trade”
+agreements, and on countries such as Costa Rica through another
+treaty, CAFTA. Ecuador's President Correa refused to sign a
+“free trade” agreement with the US, but I've heard Ecuador
+had adopted something like the DMCA in 2003.</p>
+
+<p>
+One of the ideas in the story was not proposed in reality until 2002.
+This is the idea that the <abbr>FBI</abbr> and Microsoft will keep the
+root passwords for your personal computers, and not let you have
+them.</p>
+
+<p>
+The proponents of this scheme have given it names such as
+“trusted computing” and “Palladium”. We call
+it <a href="/philosophy/can-you-trust.html">“treacherous
+computing”</a> because the effect is to make your computer obey
+companies even to the extent of disobeying and defying you. This was
+implemented in 2007 as part of <a href="http://badvista.org/";>Windows
+Vista</a>; we expect Apple to do something similar. In this scheme,
+it is the manufacturer that keeps the secret code, but
+the <abbr>FBI</abbr> would have little trouble getting it.</p>
+
+<p>
+What Microsoft keeps is not exactly a password in the traditional
+sense; no person ever types it on a terminal. Rather, it is a
+signature and encryption key that corresponds to a second key stored
+in your computer. This enables Microsoft, and potentially any web
+sites that cooperate with Microsoft, the ultimate control over what
+the user can do on his own computer.</p>
+
+<p>
+Vista also gives Microsoft additional powers; for instance, Microsoft
+can forcibly install upgrades, and it can order all machines running
+Vista to refuse to run a certain device driver. The main purpose of
+Vista's many restrictions is to impose DRM (Digital Restrictions
+Management) that users can't overcome. The threat of DRM is why we
+have established the <a href="http://DefectiveByDesign.org";>
+Defective by Design</a> campaign.</p>
+
+<p>
+When this story was first written, the SPA was threatening small
+Internet service providers, demanding they permit the SPA to monitor
+all users. Most ISPs surrendered when threatened, because they cannot
+afford to fight back in court. One ISP, Community ConneXion in
+Oakland, California, refused the demand and was actually sued. The
+SPA later dropped the suit, but obtained the DMCA, which gave them the
+power they sought.</p>
+
+<p>
+The SPA, which actually stands for Software Publishers Association,
+has been replaced in its police-like role by the Business
+Software Alliance. The BSA is not, today, an official police force;
+unofficially, it acts like one. Using methods reminiscent of the
+erstwhile Soviet Union, it invites people to inform on their coworkers
+and friends. A BSA terror campaign in Argentina in 2001 made
+slightly veiled threats that people sharing software would be raped.</p>
+
+<p>
+The university security policies described above are not imaginary.
+For example, a computer at one Chicago-area university displayed this
+message upon login:</p>
+
+<blockquote><p>
+This system is for the use of authorized users only. Individuals using
+this computer system without authority or in the excess of their authority
+are subject to having all their activities on this system monitored and
+recorded by system personnel. In the course of monitoring individuals
+improperly using this system or in the course of system maintenance, the
+activities of authorized user may also be monitored. Anyone using this
+system expressly consents to such monitoring and is advised that if such
+monitoring reveals possible evidence of illegal activity or violation of
+University regulations system personnel may provide the evidence of such
+monitoring to University authorities and/or law enforcement officials.
+</p></blockquote>
+
+<p>
+This is an interesting approach to the Fourth Amendment: pressure most
+everyone to agree, in advance, to waive their rights under it.</p>
+
+<h3 id="BadNews">Bad News</h3>
+
+<p>
+The battle for the right to read is already in progress,
+The enemy is organized, while we are not, so it is going against us.
+Here are articles about bad things that have happened since the
+original publication of this article.</p>
+
+<ul>
+<li>Today's commercial ebooks <a href="/philosophy/the-danger-of-ebooks.html">
+ abolish readers' traditional freedoms.</a></li>
+<li><a href="http://www.nature.com/nature_education/biology.html";>
+ A "biology textbook" web site</a> that you can access only by signing
+ a <a href="http://www.nature.com/principles/viewTermsOfUse";>
+ contract not to lend it to anyone else</a>, which the publisher can
+ revoke at will.</li>
+<li><a
href="http://www.zdnet.com/news/seybold-opens-chapter-on-digital-books/103151";>Electronic
+ Publishing:</a> An article about distribution of books in
+ electronic form, and copyright issues affecting the right to read
+ a copy.</li>
+<li><a
href="http://www.microsoft.com/en-us/news/press/1999/Aug99/SeyboldPR.aspx";>Books
+ inside Computers:</a> Software to control who can read
+ books and documents on a PC.</li>
+</ul>
+
+<p>If we want to stop the bad news and create some good news, we need
+to organize and fight. The
+FSF's <a href="http://defectivebydesign.org";> Defective by Design</a>
+campaign has made a start — subscribe to the campaign's mailing
+list to lend a hand. And <a href="http://www.fsf.org/associate";>join
+the FSF</a> to help fund our work.
+</p>
+
+<h3 id="References">References</h3>
+
+<ul>
+ <li>The administration's “White Paper”: Information
+ Infrastructure Task Force, Intellectual Property [<a
+ href="/philosophy/not-ipr.html">sic</a>] and the
+ National Information Infrastructure: The Report of the Working
+ Group on Intellectual Property [sic] Rights (1995).</li>
+
+ <li><a href="http://www.wired.com/wired/archive/4.01/white.paper_pr.html";>An
+ explanation of the White Paper:
+ The Copyright Grab</a>, Pamela Samuelson, Wired, Jan. 1996</li>
+
+ <li><a href="http://www.law.duke.edu/boylesite/Sold_out.htm";>Sold Out</a>,
+ James Boyle, New York Times, 31 March 1996</li>
+
+ <li><a
href="http://www.interesting-people.org/archives/interesting-people/199611/msg00012.html";>Public
Data or Private Data</a>,
+ Washington Post, 4 Nov 1996. </li>
+
+ <li><a href="http://www.public-domain.org/";>Union for the Public
+ Domain</a>—an organization which aims to resist and
+ reverse the overextension of copyright and patent powers.</li>
+</ul>
+
+<hr />
+<h4>This essay is published
+in <a href="http://shop.fsf.org/product/free-software-free-society/";><cite>Free
+Software, Free Society: The Selected Essays of Richard
+M. Stallman</cite></a>.</h4>
+
+<p><strong>Other Texts to Read</strong></p>
+
+<ul>
+ <li><a href="/philosophy/philosophy.html">Philosophy of the
+ GNU Project</a></li>
+ <li><a
href="http://www.computerworld.com/s/article/49358/Copy_Protection_Just_Say_No";
+ id="COPYPROCTECTION">Copy Protection: Just Say No</a>,
+ Published in Computer World.</li>
+</ul>
+
+</div>
+
+<!--#include virtual="/server/footer.html" -->
+<div id="footer">
+
+<p>
+Please send FSF & GNU inquiries to
+<a href="mailto:address@hidden";><address@hidden></a>.
+There are also <a href="/contact/">other ways to contact</a>
+the FSF.
+<br />
+Please send broken links and other corrections or suggestions to
+<a href="mailto:address@hidden";><address@hidden></a>.
+</p>
+
+<p>
+Please see the
+<a href="/server/standards/README.translations.html">Translations
+README</a> for information on coordinating and submitting
+translations of this article.
+</p>
+
+<p>
+Copyright © 1996, 2002, 2007, 2009, 2010 Richard Stallman
+<br />
+This page is licensed under a <a rel="license"
+href="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nd/3.0/us/";>Creative
+Commons Attribution-NoDerivs 3.0 United States License</a>.
+</p>
+
+<p>
+Updated:
+<!-- timestamp start -->
+$Date: 2013/01/02 16:28:37 $
+<!-- timestamp end -->
+</p>
+</div>
+
+</div>
+</body>
+</html>
- www home.sq.html keepingup.sq.html provide.sq.h...,
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