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www/philosophy who-does-that-server-really-serv...
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From: |
GNUN |
|
Subject: |
www/philosophy who-does-that-server-really-serv... |
|
Date: |
Sun, 30 Dec 2012 23:27:44 +0000 |
CVSROOT: /web/www
Module name: www
Changes by: GNUN <gnun> 12/12/30 23:27:44
Modified files:
philosophy : who-does-that-server-really-serve.ko.html
philosophy/po : third-party-ideas.bg.po third-party-ideas.de.po
third-party-ideas.fr.po third-party-ideas.ja.po
third-party-ideas.pot third-party-ideas.ro.po
third-party-ideas.ru.po
Added files:
philosophy/po : who-does-that-server-really-serve.ko-diff.html
Log message:
Automatic update by GNUnited Nations.
CVSWeb URLs:
http://web.cvs.savannah.gnu.org/viewcvs/www/philosophy/who-does-that-server-really-serve.ko.html?cvsroot=www&r1=1.8&r2=1.9
http://web.cvs.savannah.gnu.org/viewcvs/www/philosophy/po/third-party-ideas.bg.po?cvsroot=www&r1=1.34&r2=1.35
http://web.cvs.savannah.gnu.org/viewcvs/www/philosophy/po/third-party-ideas.de.po?cvsroot=www&r1=1.34&r2=1.35
http://web.cvs.savannah.gnu.org/viewcvs/www/philosophy/po/third-party-ideas.fr.po?cvsroot=www&r1=1.60&r2=1.61
http://web.cvs.savannah.gnu.org/viewcvs/www/philosophy/po/third-party-ideas.ja.po?cvsroot=www&r1=1.28&r2=1.29
http://web.cvs.savannah.gnu.org/viewcvs/www/philosophy/po/third-party-ideas.pot?cvsroot=www&r1=1.31&r2=1.32
http://web.cvs.savannah.gnu.org/viewcvs/www/philosophy/po/third-party-ideas.ro.po?cvsroot=www&r1=1.24&r2=1.25
http://web.cvs.savannah.gnu.org/viewcvs/www/philosophy/po/third-party-ideas.ru.po?cvsroot=www&r1=1.1&r2=1.2
http://web.cvs.savannah.gnu.org/viewcvs/www/philosophy/po/who-does-that-server-really-serve.ko-diff.html?cvsroot=www&rev=1.1
Patches:
Index: who-does-that-server-really-serve.ko.html
===================================================================
RCS file: /web/www/www/philosophy/who-does-that-server-really-serve.ko.html,v
retrieving revision 1.8
retrieving revision 1.9
diff -u -b -r1.8 -r1.9
--- who-does-that-server-really-serve.ko.html 27 Sep 2012 16:54:40 -0000
1.8
+++ who-does-that-server-really-serve.ko.html 30 Dec 2012 23:27:43 -0000
1.9
@@ -8,6 +8,13 @@
<title>ê·¸ ìë²ë ì¤ì ë¡ ë구ìê² ë´ì¬í©ëê¹? - GNU íë¡ì
í¸ - ìì ìíí¸ì¨ì´ ì¬ë¨ (FSF)</title>
<!--#include virtual="/server/banner.ko.html" -->
+<!--#set var="PO_FILE"
+ value='<a
href="http://www.gnu.org/philosophy/po/who-does-that-server-really-serve.ko.po";>
+ http://www.gnu.org/philosophy/po/who-does-that-server-really-serve.ko.po</a>'
-->
+ <!--#set var="ORIGINAL_FILE"
value="/philosophy/who-does-that-server-really-serve.html" -->
+ <!--#set var="DIFF_FILE"
value="/philosophy/po/who-does-that-server-really-serve.ko-diff.html" -->
+ <!--#set var="OUTDATED_SINCE" value="2012-10-31" -->
+ <!--#include virtual="/server/outdated.ko.html" -->
<!--#include
virtual="/philosophy/po/who-does-that-server-really-serve.translist" -->
<h2>ê·¸ ìë²ë ì¤ì ë¡ ë구ìê² ë´ì¬í©ëê¹?</h2>
@@ -224,7 +231,7 @@
<p><!-- timestamp start -->
ìµì¢
ìì ì¼:
-$Date: 2012/09/27 16:54:40 $
+$Date: 2012/12/30 23:27:43 $
<!-- timestamp end -->
</p>
Index: po/third-party-ideas.bg.po
===================================================================
RCS file: /web/www/www/philosophy/po/third-party-ideas.bg.po,v
retrieving revision 1.34
retrieving revision 1.35
diff -u -b -r1.34 -r1.35
--- po/third-party-ideas.bg.po 1 Nov 2012 16:29:20 -0000 1.34
+++ po/third-party-ideas.bg.po 30 Dec 2012 23:27:43 -0000 1.35
@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@
msgid ""
msgstr ""
"Project-Id-Version: third-party-ideas.html\n"
-"POT-Creation-Date: 2012-11-01 12:25-0300\n"
+"POT-Creation-Date: 2012-12-30 18:25-0500\n"
"PO-Revision-Date: 2009-10-28 16:09+0200\n"
"Last-Translator: Yavor Doganov <address@hidden>\n"
"Language-Team: Bulgarian <address@hidden>\n"
@@ -430,12 +430,11 @@
#| "of the EUCD, which make it easier for copyright holders to censor "
#| "webpages on ISPs and give legal protection to copy-protection measures."
msgid ""
-"<a href=\"http://web.archive.org/web/20050214010807/http://www.openrevolt.";
-"org/\">openrevolt.org [Archived Page]</a> is a site devoted to providing "
-"information about the European Copyright Directive and similar legislation. "
-"It concentrates on the two principal problems of the EUCD, which make it "
-"easier for copyright holders to censor webpages on ISPs and give legal "
-"protection to copy-protection measures."
+"openrevolt.org was a site devoted to providing information about the "
+"European Copyright Directive and similar legislation. It concentrated on "
+"the two principal problems of the EUCD, which made it easier for copyright "
+"holders to censor webpages on ISPs and gave legal protection to copy-"
+"protection measures."
msgstr ""
"<a href=\"http://www.openrevolt.org/\";>openrevolt.org</a> е ÑайÑ,
поÑвеÑен "
"на оÑигÑÑÑванеÑо на инÑоÑмаÑÐ¸Ñ Ð¾ÑноÑно
ÐвÑопейÑкаÑа диÑекÑива за авÑоÑÑко "
Index: po/third-party-ideas.de.po
===================================================================
RCS file: /web/www/www/philosophy/po/third-party-ideas.de.po,v
retrieving revision 1.34
retrieving revision 1.35
diff -u -b -r1.34 -r1.35
--- po/third-party-ideas.de.po 14 Nov 2012 17:28:03 -0000 1.34
+++ po/third-party-ideas.de.po 30 Dec 2012 23:27:43 -0000 1.35
@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@
msgid ""
msgstr ""
"Project-Id-Version: third-party-ideas.html\n"
-"POT-Creation-Date: 2012-11-01 12:25-0300\n"
+"POT-Creation-Date: 2012-12-30 18:25-0500\n"
"PO-Revision-Date: 2012-11-09 23:00+0100\n"
"Last-Translator: Joerg Kohne <joeko (AT) online [PUNKT] de>\n"
"Language-Team: German <address@hidden>\n"
@@ -14,6 +14,7 @@
"MIME-Version: 1.0\n"
"Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8\n"
"Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit\n"
+"Outdated-Since: 2012-12-30 18:25-0500\n"
#. type: Content of: <title>
msgid ""
@@ -381,25 +382,29 @@
"(1841)<br />‑ der britische Historiker Thomas Macaulay hatte "
"Ideen zum Urheberrecht im Jahre 1841, die noch heute wahr zutreffen."
+# &8218;Richtlinie 2001/29/EG des Europäischen Parlaments und des Rates vom
22. Mai 2001 zur Harmonisierung bestimmter Aspekte des Urheberrechts und der
verwandten Schutzrechte in der Informationsgesellschaft
(Urheberrechtsrichtlinie)&8216;
#. type: Content of: <ul><li>
-msgid ""
-"<a href=\"http://web.archive.org/web/20050214010807/http://www.openrevolt.";
-"org/\">openrevolt.org [Archived Page]</a> is a site devoted to providing "
-"information about the European Copyright Directive and similar legislation. "
-"It concentrates on the two principal problems of the EUCD, which make it "
-"easier for copyright holders to censor webpages on ISPs and give legal "
-"protection to copy-protection measures."
-msgstr ""
-"<a href=\"http://web.archive.org/web/20050214010807/http://www.openrevolt.";
-"org/\">openrevolt.org [Archiv]</a> (2002)<br />‑ eine Seite, die "
-"Information über die <em>Richtlinie 2001/29/EG zur Harmonisierung bestimmter
"
-"Aspekte des Urheberrechts und der verwandten Schutzrechte in der "
-"Informationsgesellschaft (Urheberrechtsrichtlinie)</em>, engl. <span xml:"
-"lang=\"en\" lang=\"en\">European Union Copyright Directive (EUCD)</span>, "
-"und ähnliche Gesetze bereitstellt. Es wird sich auf die beiden wichtigsten "
-"Probleme der UrhRil konzentriert, die es für Inhaber von Urheberrechten "
-"einfacher machen, gehostete Webseiten über Internetdienstanbieter (ISP) zu "
-"zensieren und rechtlichen Schutz für Kopierschutz-MaÃnahmen zu geben."
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "<a href=\"http://www.openrevolt.org/\";>openrevolt.org</a> is a site "
+#| "devoted to providing information about the European Copyright Directive "
+#| "and similar legislation. It concentrates on the two principal problems "
+#| "of the EUCD, which make it easier for copyright holders to censor "
+#| "webpages on ISPs and give legal protection to copy-protection measures."
+msgid ""
+"openrevolt.org was a site devoted to providing information about the "
+"European Copyright Directive and similar legislation. It concentrated on "
+"the two principal problems of the EUCD, which made it easier for copyright "
+"holders to censor webpages on ISPs and gave legal protection to copy-"
+"protection measures."
+msgstr ""
+"<a href=\"http://www.openrevolt.org/\";>openrevolt.org</a><br />‑ "
+"eine Seite, die Information über die <span xml:lang=\"en\" lang=\"en"
+"\"><em>European Union Copyright Directive</em></span> und ähnliche Gesetze "
+"bereitstellt. Es wird sich auf die zwei Hauptprobleme der EUCD konzentriert, "
+"welche es Copyrighthaltern leichter machen, gehostete Webseiten bei "
+"Internetdienstanbietern (ISPs) zu zensieren und rechtlichen Schutz für "
+"Kopierschutz-MaÃnahmen zu geben."
#. type: Content of: <ul><li>
msgid ""
@@ -1035,6 +1040,26 @@
msgstr "Aktualisierung:"
#~ msgid ""
+#~ "<a href=\"http://web.archive.org/web/20050214010807/http://www.openrevolt.";
+#~ "org/\">openrevolt.org [Archived Page]</a> is a site devoted to providing "
+#~ "information about the European Copyright Directive and similar "
+#~ "legislation. It concentrates on the two principal problems of the EUCD, "
+#~ "which make it easier for copyright holders to censor webpages on ISPs and "
+#~ "give legal protection to copy-protection measures."
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "<a href=\"http://web.archive.org/web/20050214010807/http://www.openrevolt.";
+#~ "org/\">openrevolt.org [Archiv]</a> (2002)<br />‑ eine Seite, "
+#~ "die Information über die <em>Richtlinie 2001/29/EG zur Harmonisierung "
+#~ "bestimmter Aspekte des Urheberrechts und der verwandten Schutzrechte in "
+#~ "der Informationsgesellschaft (Urheberrechtsrichtlinie)</em>, engl. <span "
+#~ "xml:lang=\"en\" lang=\"en\">European Union Copyright Directive (EUCD)</"
+#~ "span>, und ähnliche Gesetze bereitstellt. Es wird sich auf die beiden "
+#~ "wichtigsten Probleme der UrhRil konzentriert, die es für Inhaber von "
+#~ "Urheberrechten einfacher machen, gehostete Webseiten über "
+#~ "Internetdienstanbieter (ISP) zu zensieren und rechtlichen Schutz für "
+#~ "Kopierschutz-MaÃnahmen zu geben."
+
+#~ msgid ""
#~ "<a href=\"http://www.hardwarecentral.com/hardwarecentral/";
#~ "editorials/4788/1,\">Hardware Central</a>. We disagree with one aspect "
#~ "of this article's conclusion: It's not legitimate for Microsoft to help "
@@ -1064,22 +1089,6 @@
#~ "Urheberrecht in 1841 (engl.)</a>, von Thomas Macaulay (britischer "
#~ "Historiker), die noch heute zutreffen."
-# &8218;Richtlinie 2001/29/EG des Europäischen Parlaments und des Rates vom
22. Mai 2001 zur Harmonisierung bestimmter Aspekte des Urheberrechts und der
verwandten Schutzrechte in der Informationsgesellschaft
(Urheberrechtsrichtlinie)&8216;
-#~ msgid ""
-#~ "<a href=\"http://www.openrevolt.org/\";>openrevolt.org</a> is a site "
-#~ "devoted to providing information about the European Copyright Directive "
-#~ "and similar legislation. It concentrates on the two principal problems "
-#~ "of the EUCD, which make it easier for copyright holders to censor "
-#~ "webpages on ISPs and give legal protection to copy-protection measures."
-#~ msgstr ""
-#~ "<a href=\"http://www.openrevolt.org/\";>openrevolt.org</a><br />‑"
-#~ " eine Seite, die Information über die <span xml:lang=\"en\"
lang=\"en"
-#~ "\"><em>European Union Copyright Directive</em></span> und ähnliche "
-#~ "Gesetze bereitstellt. Es wird sich auf die zwei Hauptprobleme der EUCD "
-#~ "konzentriert, welche es Copyrighthaltern leichter machen, gehostete "
-#~ "Webseiten bei Internetdienstanbietern (ISPs) zu zensieren und rechtlichen "
-#~ "Schutz für Kopierschutz-MaÃnahmen zu geben."
-
#~ msgid ""
#~ "<a href=\"http://james-boyle.com/papers.pdf\";>The Second Enclosure "
#~ "Movement and the Construction of the Public Domain.</a>, by James Boyle."
Index: po/third-party-ideas.fr.po
===================================================================
RCS file: /web/www/www/philosophy/po/third-party-ideas.fr.po,v
retrieving revision 1.60
retrieving revision 1.61
diff -u -b -r1.60 -r1.61
--- po/third-party-ideas.fr.po 4 Nov 2012 10:15:54 -0000 1.60
+++ po/third-party-ideas.fr.po 30 Dec 2012 23:27:43 -0000 1.61
@@ -7,7 +7,7 @@
msgid ""
msgstr ""
"Project-Id-Version: third-party-ideas.html\n"
-"POT-Creation-Date: 2012-11-01 12:25-0300\n"
+"POT-Creation-Date: 2012-12-30 18:25-0500\n"
"PO-Revision-Date: 2012-10-29 19:33+0100\n"
"Last-Translator: Thérèse Godefroy <godef.th AT free.fr>\n"
"Language-Team: French <address@hidden>\n"
@@ -15,6 +15,7 @@
"MIME-Version: 1.0\n"
"Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8\n"
"Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit\n"
+"Outdated-Since: 2012-12-30 18:25-0500\n"
"Plural-Forms: \n"
"X-Generator: Gtranslator 2.91.5\n"
@@ -377,13 +378,28 @@
"sur le copyright en 1841 qui sont toujours valables aujourd'hui."
#. type: Content of: <ul><li>
-msgid ""
-"<a href=\"http://web.archive.org/web/20050214010807/http://www.openrevolt.";
-"org/\">openrevolt.org [Archived Page]</a> is a site devoted to providing "
-"information about the European Copyright Directive and similar legislation. "
-"It concentrates on the two principal problems of the EUCD, which make it "
-"easier for copyright holders to censor webpages on ISPs and give legal "
-"protection to copy-protection measures."
+# | [-<a
+# |
href=\"http://web.archive.org/web/20050214010807/http://www.openrevolt.org/\";>openrevolt.org
+# | [Archived Page]</a> is-]{+openrevolt.org was+} a site devoted to providing
+# | information about the European Copyright Directive and similar
+# | legislation. It concentrate[-s-]{+d+} on the two principal problems of
+# | the EUCD, which ma[-k-]{+d+}e it easier for copyright holders to censor
+# | webpages on ISPs and g[-i-]{+a+}ve legal protection to copy-protection
+# | measures.
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "<a href=\"http://web.archive.org/web/20050214010807/http://www.openrevolt.";
+#| "org/\">openrevolt.org [Archived Page]</a> is a site devoted to providing "
+#| "information about the European Copyright Directive and similar "
+#| "legislation. It concentrates on the two principal problems of the EUCD, "
+#| "which make it easier for copyright holders to censor webpages on ISPs and "
+#| "give legal protection to copy-protection measures."
+msgid ""
+"openrevolt.org was a site devoted to providing information about the "
+"European Copyright Directive and similar legislation. It concentrated on "
+"the two principal problems of the EUCD, which made it easier for copyright "
+"holders to censor webpages on ISPs and gave legal protection to copy-"
+"protection measures."
msgstr ""
"<a href=\"http://web.archive.org/web/20050214010807/http://www.openrevolt.";
"org/\">openrevolt.org [page archivée]</a> est un site d'information Ã
propos "
Index: po/third-party-ideas.ja.po
===================================================================
RCS file: /web/www/www/philosophy/po/third-party-ideas.ja.po,v
retrieving revision 1.28
retrieving revision 1.29
diff -u -b -r1.28 -r1.29
--- po/third-party-ideas.ja.po 3 Dec 2012 06:33:05 -0000 1.28
+++ po/third-party-ideas.ja.po 30 Dec 2012 23:27:43 -0000 1.29
@@ -7,7 +7,7 @@
msgid ""
msgstr ""
"Project-Id-Version: third-party-ideas.html\n"
-"POT-Creation-Date: 2012-11-01 12:25-0300\n"
+"POT-Creation-Date: 2012-12-30 18:25-0500\n"
"PO-Revision-Date: 2012-12-03 11:55+0900\n"
"Last-Translator: NIIBE Yutaka <address@hidden>\n"
"Language-Team: Japanese <address@hidden>\n"
@@ -15,6 +15,7 @@
"MIME-Version: 1.0\n"
"Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8\n"
"Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit\n"
+"Outdated-Since: 2012-12-30 18:25-0500\n"
#. type: Content of: <title>
msgid ""
@@ -347,13 +348,20 @@
"å®ã®ã¾ã¾ã§ãã"
#. type: Content of: <ul><li>
-msgid ""
-"<a href=\"http://web.archive.org/web/20050214010807/http://www.openrevolt.";
-"org/\">openrevolt.org [Archived Page]</a> is a site devoted to providing "
-"information about the European Copyright Directive and similar legislation. "
-"It concentrates on the two principal problems of the EUCD, which make it "
-"easier for copyright holders to censor webpages on ISPs and give legal "
-"protection to copy-protection measures."
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "<a href=\"http://web.archive.org/web/20050214010807/http://www.openrevolt.";
+#| "org/\">openrevolt.org [Archived Page]</a> is a site devoted to providing "
+#| "information about the European Copyright Directive and similar "
+#| "legislation. It concentrates on the two principal problems of the EUCD, "
+#| "which make it easier for copyright holders to censor webpages on ISPs and "
+#| "give legal protection to copy-protection measures."
+msgid ""
+"openrevolt.org was a site devoted to providing information about the "
+"European Copyright Directive and similar legislation. It concentrated on "
+"the two principal problems of the EUCD, which made it easier for copyright "
+"holders to censor webpages on ISPs and gave legal protection to copy-"
+"protection measures."
msgstr ""
"<a href=\"http://web.archive.org/web/20050214010807/http://www.openrevolt.";
"org/\">openrevolt.org [Archived
Page]</a>ã¯ãã¨ã¼ãããèä½æ¨©æ令(EUCD)ã¨åã"
Index: po/third-party-ideas.pot
===================================================================
RCS file: /web/www/www/philosophy/po/third-party-ideas.pot,v
retrieving revision 1.31
retrieving revision 1.32
diff -u -b -r1.31 -r1.32
--- po/third-party-ideas.pot 1 Nov 2012 16:29:21 -0000 1.31
+++ po/third-party-ideas.pot 30 Dec 2012 23:27:43 -0000 1.32
@@ -7,7 +7,7 @@
msgid ""
msgstr ""
"Project-Id-Version: third-party-ideas.html\n"
-"POT-Creation-Date: 2012-11-01 12:25-0300\n"
+"POT-Creation-Date: 2012-12-30 18:25-0500\n"
"PO-Revision-Date: YEAR-MO-DA HO:MI+ZONE\n"
"Last-Translator: FULL NAME <address@hidden>\n"
"Language-Team: LANGUAGE <address@hidden>\n"
@@ -246,12 +246,10 @@
#. type: Content of: <ul><li>
msgid ""
-"<a "
-"href=\"http://web.archive.org/web/20050214010807/http://www.openrevolt.org/\";>openrevolt.org
"
-"[Archived Page]</a> is a site devoted to providing information about the "
-"European Copyright Directive and similar legislation. It concentrates on "
-"the two principal problems of the EUCD, which make it easier for copyright "
-"holders to censor webpages on ISPs and give legal protection to "
+"openrevolt.org was a site devoted to providing information about the "
+"European Copyright Directive and similar legislation. It concentrated on "
+"the two principal problems of the EUCD, which made it easier for copyright "
+"holders to censor webpages on ISPs and gave legal protection to "
"copy-protection measures."
msgstr ""
Index: po/third-party-ideas.ro.po
===================================================================
RCS file: /web/www/www/philosophy/po/third-party-ideas.ro.po,v
retrieving revision 1.24
retrieving revision 1.25
diff -u -b -r1.24 -r1.25
--- po/third-party-ideas.ro.po 1 Nov 2012 16:29:21 -0000 1.24
+++ po/third-party-ideas.ro.po 30 Dec 2012 23:27:43 -0000 1.25
@@ -5,7 +5,7 @@
msgid ""
msgstr ""
"Project-Id-Version: third-party-ideas.ro.html\n"
-"POT-Creation-Date: 2012-11-01 12:25-0300\n"
+"POT-Creation-Date: 2012-12-30 18:25-0500\n"
"PO-Revision-Date: 2010-09-28 13:00+0300\n"
"Last-Translator: CÄtÄlin Frâncu <address@hidden>\n"
"Language-Team: Romanian <address@hidden>\n"
@@ -382,12 +382,11 @@
#| "of the EUCD, which make it easier for copyright holders to censor "
#| "webpages on ISPs and give legal protection to copy-protection measures."
msgid ""
-"<a href=\"http://web.archive.org/web/20050214010807/http://www.openrevolt.";
-"org/\">openrevolt.org [Archived Page]</a> is a site devoted to providing "
-"information about the European Copyright Directive and similar legislation. "
-"It concentrates on the two principal problems of the EUCD, which make it "
-"easier for copyright holders to censor webpages on ISPs and give legal "
-"protection to copy-protection measures."
+"openrevolt.org was a site devoted to providing information about the "
+"European Copyright Directive and similar legislation. It concentrated on "
+"the two principal problems of the EUCD, which made it easier for copyright "
+"holders to censor webpages on ISPs and gave legal protection to copy-"
+"protection measures."
msgstr ""
"<a href=\"http://www.openrevolt.org/\";>openrevolt.org</a> este un site "
"dedicat furnizÄrii de informaÈii despre Directiva Uniunii Europene privind "
Index: po/third-party-ideas.ru.po
===================================================================
RCS file: /web/www/www/philosophy/po/third-party-ideas.ru.po,v
retrieving revision 1.1
retrieving revision 1.2
diff -u -b -r1.1 -r1.2
--- po/third-party-ideas.ru.po 25 Nov 2012 06:53:35 -0000 1.1
+++ po/third-party-ideas.ru.po 30 Dec 2012 23:27:43 -0000 1.2
@@ -7,7 +7,7 @@
msgid ""
msgstr ""
"Project-Id-Version: third-party-ideas.html\n"
-"POT-Creation-Date: 2012-11-01 12:25-0300\n"
+"POT-Creation-Date: 2012-12-30 18:25-0500\n"
"PO-Revision-Date: 2012-11-23 17:17+0000\n"
"Last-Translator: Ineiev <address@hidden>\n"
"Language-Team: Russian <address@hidden>\n"
@@ -15,6 +15,7 @@
"MIME-Version: 1.0\n"
"Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8\n"
"Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit\n"
+"Outdated-Since: 2012-12-30 18:25-0500\n"
#. type: Content of: <title>
msgid ""
@@ -363,13 +364,28 @@
"авÑоÑÑком пÑаве, коÑоÑÑе до ÑиÑ
поÑ
акÑÑалÑнÑ."
#. type: Content of: <ul><li>
-msgid ""
-"<a href=\"http://web.archive.org/web/20050214010807/http://www.openrevolt.";
-"org/\">openrevolt.org [Archived Page]</a> is a site devoted to providing "
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+<!--#include virtual="/server/header.html" -->
+
+<title>Who Does That Server Really Serve? - GNU Project - Free Software
Foundation (FSF)</title>
+
+<!--#include virtual="/server/banner.html" -->
+<!--#include
virtual="/philosophy/po/who-does-that-server-really-serve.translist" -->
+
+<h2>Who does that server really serve?</h2>
+
+<p>by <strong>Richard Stallman</strong></p>
+
+<p>(First published by <a
href="http://bostonreview.net/BR35.2/stallman.php">
+Boston Review</a>.)</p>
+
+<p><strong>On the Internet, proprietary software isn't the only
way to
+lose your freedom. Software as a Service is another way to let
+someone else have power over your computing.</strong></p>
+
+<h3>Background: How Proprietary Software Takes Away Your
Freedom</h3>
+
+<p>Digital technology can give you freedom; it can also take your
+freedom away. The first threat to our control over our computing came
+from <em>proprietary software</em>: software that the users cannot
+control because the owner (a company such as Apple or Microsoft)
+controls it. The owner often takes advantage of this unjust power by
+inserting malicious features such as spyware, back doors, and <a
+href="http://DefectiveByDesign.org">Digital Restrictions Management
+(DRM)</a> (referred to as “Digital Rights Management” in
+their propaganda).</p>
+
+<p>Our solution to this problem is developing <em>free
software</em>
+and rejecting proprietary software. Free software means that you, as
+a user, have four essential freedoms: (0) to run the program as
+you wish, (1) to study and change the source code so it does what
+you wish, (2) to redistribute exact copies, and (3) to
+redistribute copies of your modified versions. (See
+the <a href="/philosophy/free-sw.html">free software
+definition</a>.)</p>
+
+<p>With free software, we, the users, take back control of our
+computing. Proprietary software still exists, but we can exclude it
+from our lives and many of us have done so. However, we now face a
+new threat to our control over our computing: Software as a Service.
+For our freedom's sake, we have to reject that too.</p>
+
+<h3>How Software as a Service Takes Away Your Freedom</h3>
+
+<p>Software as a Service (SaaS) means that someone sets up a network
+server that does certain computing tasks—running spreadsheets,
+word processing, translating text into another language,
+etc.—then invites users to do their computing on that server.
+Users send their data to the server, which does their computing on the
+data thus provided, then sends the results back or acts on them
+directly.</p>
+
+<p>These servers wrest control from the users even more inexorably
+than proprietary software. With proprietary software, users typically
+get an executable file but not the source code. That makes it hard
+for programmers to study the code that is running, so it's hard to
+determine what the program really does, and hard to change it.</p>
+
+<p>With SaaS, the users do not have even the executable file: it is on
+the server, where the users can't see or touch it. Thus it is
+impossible for them to ascertain what it really does, and impossible
+to change it.</p>
+
+<p>Furthermore, SaaS automatically leads to harmful consequences
+equivalent to the malicious features of certain proprietary software.
+For instance, some proprietary programs are “spyware”: the
+program sends out data about users' computing activities. Microsoft
+Windows sends information about users' activities to Microsoft.
+Windows Media Player and RealPlayer report what each user watches or
+listens to.</p>
+
+<p>Unlike proprietary software, SaaS does not require covert code to
+obtain the user's data. Instead, users must send their data to the
+server in order to use it. This has the same effect as spyware: the
+server operator gets the data. He gets it with no special effort, by
+the nature of SaaS.</p>
+
+<p>Some proprietary programs can mistreat users under remote command.
+For instance, Windows has a back door with which Microsoft can
+forcibly change any software on the machine. The Amazon Kindle e-book
+reader (whose name suggests it's intended to burn people's books) has
+an Orwellian back door that Amazon used in 2009
+to <a
href="http://www.nytimes.com/2009/07/18/technology/companies/18amazon.html";
+>remotely delete</a> Kindle copies of Orwell's books
<cite>1984</cite> and
+<cite>Animal Farm</cite> which the users had purchased from
Amazon.</p>
+
+<p>SaaS inherently gives the server operator the power to change the
+software in use, or the users' data being operated on. Once again, no
+special code is needed to do this.</p>
+
+<p>Thus, SaaS is equivalent to total spyware and a gaping wide back
+door, and gives the server operator unjust power over the user. We
+can't accept that.</p>
+
+<h3>Untangling the SaaS Issue from the Proprietary Software
Issue</h3>
+
+<p>SaaS and proprietary software lead to similar harmful results, but
+the causal mechanisms are different. With proprietary software, the
+cause is that you have and use a copy which is difficult or illegal to
+change. With SaaS, the cause is that you use a copy you don't
+have.</p>
+
+<p>These two issues are often confused, and not only by accident. Web
+developers use the vague term “web application” to lump
+the server software together with programs run on your machine in your
+browser. Some web pages install nontrivial or even large JavaScript
+programs temporarily into your browser without informing
+you. <a href="/philosophy/javascript-trap.html">When these JavaScript
+programs are nonfree</a>, they are as bad as any other nonfree
+software. Here, however, we are concerned with the problem of the
+server software itself.</p>
+
+<p>Many free software supporters assume that the problem of SaaS will
+be solved by developing free software for servers. For the server
+operator's sake, the programs on the server had better be free; if
+they are proprietary, their owners have power over the server. That's
+unfair to the operator, and doesn't help you at all. But if the
+programs on the server are free, that doesn't protect you <em>as the
+server's user</em> from the effects of SaaS. They give freedom to the
+operator, but not to you.</p>
+
+<p>Releasing the server software source code does benefit the
+community: suitably skilled users can set up similar servers, perhaps
+changing the software. But none of these servers would give you
+control over computing you do on it, unless it's <em>your</em>
server.
+The rest would all be SaaS. SaaS always subjects you to the power of
+the server operator, and the only remedy is, <em>Don't use
SaaS!</em>
+Don't use someone else's server to do your own computing on data
+provided by you.</p>
+
+<h3>Distinguishing SaaS from Other Network Services</h3>
+
+<p>Does avoiding SaaS mean you refuse to use any network servers run
+by anyone other than you? Not at all. Most servers do not raise this
+issue, because the job you do with them isn't your own computing
+except in a trivial sense.</p>
+
+<p>The original purpose of web servers wasn't to do computing for you,
+it was to publish information for you to access. Even today this is
+what most web sites do, and it doesn't pose the SaaS problem, because
+accessing someone's published information isn't a matter of doing your
+own computing. Neither is publishing your own materials via a blog
+site or a microblogging service such as Twitter or identi.ca. The
+same goes for communication not meant to be private, such as chat
+groups. Social networking can extend into SaaS; however, at root it
+is just a method of communication and publication, not SaaS. If you
+use the service for minor editing of what you're going to communicate,
+that is not a significant issue.</p>
+
+<p>Services such as search engines collect data from around the web
+and let you examine it. Looking through their collection of data
+isn't your own computing in the usual sense—you didn't provide
+that collection—so using such a service to search the web is not
+SaaS. (However, using someone else's search engine to implement a
+search facility for your own site <em>is</em> SaaS.)</p>
+
+<p>E-commerce is not SaaS, because the computing isn't solely yours;
+rather, it is done jointly for you and another party. So there's no
+particular reason why you alone should expect to control that
+computing. The real issue in e-commerce is whether you trust the
+other party with your money and personal information.</p>
+
+<p>Using a joint project's servers isn't SaaS because the computing
+you do in this way isn't yours personally. For instance, if you edit
+pages on Wikipedia, you are not doing your own computing; rather, you
+are collaborating in Wikipedia's computing.</p>
+
+<p>Wikipedia controls its own servers, but groups can face the problem
+of SaaS if they do their group activities on someone else's server.
+Fortunately, development hosting sites such as Savannah and
+SourceForge don't pose the SaaS problem, because what groups do there
+is mainly publication and public communication, rather than their own
+private computing.</p>
+
+<p>Multiplayer games are a group activity carried out on someone
+else's server, which makes them SaaS. But where the data involved is
+just the state of play and the score, the worst wrong the operator
+might commit is favoritism. You might well ignore that risk, since it
+seems unlikely and very little is at stake. On the other hand, when
+the game becomes more than just a game, the issue changes.</p>
+
+<span class="inserted"><ins><em><p>“Backend as a Service”,
or BaaS, is a kind of SaaS, because it
+involves running your own web service on top of software that you
+can't control. If you set up a service using BaaS, the BaaS platform
+may well collect information about your users as well as
you.</p></em></ins></span>
+
+<p>Which online services are SaaS? Google Docs is a clear example.
+Its basic activity is editing, and Google encourages people to use it
+for their own editing; this is SaaS. It offers the added feature of
+collaborative editing, but adding participants doesn't alter the fact
+that editing on the server is SaaS. (In addition, Google Docs is
+unacceptable because it installs a
+large <span class="inserted"><ins><em><a
href="/philosophy/javascript-trap.html"></em></ins></span> nonfree
JavaScript <span class="removed"><del><strong>program</strong></del></span>
<span class="inserted"><ins><em>program</a></em></ins></span>
+into the <span class="removed"><del><strong>users'
browsers.)</strong></del></span> <span class="inserted"><ins><em>user's
browser.)</em></ins></span> If using a service for communication or
+collaboration requires doing substantial parts of your own computing
+with it too, that computing is SaaS even if the communication is
+not.</p>
+
+<p>Some sites offer multiple services, and if one is not SaaS, another
+may be SaaS. For instance, the main service of Facebook is social
+networking, and that is not SaaS; however, it supports third-party
+applications, some of which may be SaaS. Flickr's main service is
+distributing photos, which is not SaaS, but it also has features for
+editing photos, which is SaaS.</p>
+
+<p>Some sites whose main service is publication and communication
+extend it with “contact management”: keeping track of
+people you have relationships with. Sending mail to those people for
+you is not SaaS, but keeping track of your dealings with them, if
+substantial, is SaaS.</p>
+
+<p>If a service is not SaaS, that does not mean it is OK. There are
+other bad things a service can do. For instance, Facebook distributes
+video in Flash, which pressures users to run nonfree software, and it
+gives users a misleading impression of privacy. Those are important
+issues too, but this article's concern is the issue of SaaS.</p>
+
+<p>The IT industry discourages users from considering these
+distinctions. That's what the buzzword “cloud computing”
+is for. This term is so nebulous that it could refer to almost any
+use of the Internet. It includes SaaS and it includes nearly
+everything else. The term only lends itself to uselessly broad
+statements.</p>
+
+<p>The real meaning of “cloud computing” is to suggest a
+devil-may-care approach towards your computing. It says, “Don't
+ask questions, just trust every business without hesitation. Don't
+worry about who controls your computing or who holds your data. Don't
+check for a hook hidden inside our service before you swallow
+it.” In other words, “Think like a sucker.” I prefer
+to avoid the term.</p>
+
+<h3>Dealing with the SaaS Problem</h3>
+
+<p>Only a small fraction of all web sites do SaaS; most don't raise
+the issue. But what should we do about the ones that raise it?</p>
+
+<p>For the simple case, where you are doing your own computing on data
+in your own hands, the solution is simple: use your own copy of a free software
+application. Do your text editing with your copy of a free text
+editor such as GNU Emacs or a free word processor. Do your photo
+editing with your copy of free software such as GIMP.</p>
+
+<p>But what about collaborating with other individuals? It may be
+hard to do this at present without using a server. If you use one,
+don't trust a server run by a company. A mere contract as a customer
+is no protection unless you could detect a breach and could really
+sue, and the company probably writes its contracts to permit a broad
+range of abuses. Police can subpoena your data from the company with
+less basis than required to subpoena them from you, supposing the
+company doesn't volunteer them like the US phone companies that
+illegally wiretapped their customers for Bush. If you must use a
+server, use a server whose operators give you a basis for trust beyond
+a mere commercial relationship.</p>
+
+<p>However, on a longer time scale, we can create alternatives to
+using servers. For instance, we can create a peer-to-peer program
+through which collaborators can share data encrypted. The free
+software community should develop distributed peer-to-peer
+replacements for important “web applications”. It may be
+wise to release them under
+the <a href="/licenses/why-affero-gpl.html"> GNU Affero GPL</a>,
since
+they are likely candidates for being converted into server-based
+programs by someone else. The <a href="/">GNU project</a> is
looking
+for volunteers to work on such replacements. We also invite other
+free software projects to consider this issue in their design.</p>
+
+<p>In the meantime, if a company invites you to use its server to do
+your own computing tasks, don't yield; don't use SaaS. Don't buy or
+install “thin clients”, which are simply computers so weak
+they make you do the real work on a server, unless you're
+going to use them with <em>your</em> server. Use a real
+computer and keep your data there. Do your work with your own copy of
+a free program, for your freedom's sake.</p>
+
+<span class="inserted"><ins><em><h3>See also:</h3>
+<p><a href="/philosophy/bug-nobody-allowed-to-understand.html">The
+Bug Nobody is Allowed to Understand</a>.</p></em></ins></span>
+</div>
+
+<!--#include virtual="/server/footer.html" -->
+
+<div id="footer">
+<p>
+Please send FSF & GNU inquiries to
+<a href="mailto:address@hidden"><address@hidden></a>. There
are
+also <a href="/contact/">other ways to contact</a> the FSF.
+<br />
+Please send broken links and other corrections or suggestions to
+<a href="mailto:address@hidden"><address@hidden></a>.
+</p>
+
+<p>Please see
+the <a href="/server/standards/README.translations.html">Translations
+README</a> for information on coordinating and submitting translations
+of this article.</p>
+
+<p>Copyright © 2010 Richard Stallman
+<br />
+This page is licensed under a <a rel="license"
+href="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nd/3.0/us/">Creative
+Commons Attribution-NoDerivs 3.0 United States License</a>.
+</p>
+
+<p>Updated:
+<!-- timestamp start -->
+$Date: 2012/12/30 23:27:43 $
+<!-- timestamp end -->
+</p>
+</div>
+
+</div>
+</body>
+</html>
+</pre></body></html>