www/server/standards README.translations.html

[Richard M. Stallman]

CVSROOT:        /webcvs/www
Module name:    www
Changes by:     Richard M. Stallman <rms>       12/01/16 15:57:14

Modified files:
        server/standards: README.translations.html 

Log message:
        Cleanups and new info in the "accuracy" section, including
        advice about "free" vs "gratis" and an item about words-to-avoid.html.

CVSWeb URLs:
http://web.cvs.savannah.gnu.org/viewcvs/www/server/standards/README.translations.html?cvsroot=www&r1=1.192&r2=1.193

Patches:
Index: README.translations.html
===================================================================
RCS file: /webcvs/www/www/server/standards/README.translations.html,v
retrieving revision 1.192
retrieving revision 1.193
diff -u -b -r1.192 -r1.193
--- README.translations.html    30 Dec 2011 12:23:01 -0000      1.192
+++ README.translations.html    16 Jan 2012 15:57:04 -0000      1.193
@@ -122,7 +122,26 @@
     translated at all, so if you can't find a good translation for it in 
     your language, the only option may be to use the English word.</p></li>
 
-  <li><p><strong>Free Software</strong>. See the <a 
+  <li><p><strong>Free Software</strong>. Most languages have a word
+    for free-as-in-freedom and another word for gratis (zero price).
+    In gnu.org we generally use &ldquo;free&rdquo; only to refer to
+    freedom, and we say &ldquo;gratis&rdquo; when we mean zero price.
+    Thus, please translate &ldquo;free&rdquo; using the word that
+    means free-as-in-freedom, not the one that refers to price.</p>
+
+    <p>However, in some old pages, such as the GNU Manifesto and the
+    initial announcement, we did not yet make the distinction.  In
+    translating these pages, you may need to think carefully about the
+    proper treatment of each occurrence of the word
+    &ldquo;free&rdquo;.  You might choose to leave the word in
+    English, followed by the explanation of its meaning in that
+    occurrence: either freedom, price, or ambiguously both.</p>
+
+    <p>However, even in these old pages, the word you normally
+    use to translate &ldquo;free&rdquo; in &ldquo;free software&rdquo;
+    should be the one that refers to freedom.</p>
+
+    <p>See the <a 
     href="/philosophy/fs-translations.html">Translations 
     of the Term  &ldquo;Free Software&rdquo;</a> in several languages.</p>
   </li>
@@ -133,15 +152,19 @@
     restrictions on the user, and these restrictions apply not only to 
     digital but also to physical objects.</p> 
 
-    <p>The English term "Digital Restrictions Management" may refer to 
-    both:</p>
-
-    <p>1. <strong>Digital Management of Restrictions</strong> <br />
-       2. Management of Digital Restrictions</p>
-
-    <p>The correct meaning is the first one. Translations should make this 
-    clear. In many languages these require different wording. Likewise with 
-    &ldquo;rights&rdquo; instead of &ldquo;restrictions&rdquo;.</p>
+    <p>However, there is a subtle ambiguity in the English term
+    "Digital Restrictions Management".  It can be interpreted in two
+    ways:</p>
+
+    <p><ol>
+      <li> <strong>Digital Management of Restrictions</strong>.</li>
+      <li> Management of Digital Restrictions.</li>
+    </ol><p>
+
+    <p>In many languages these require different wording. The correct
+    meaning is the first one, so translations should make this clear.
+    Likewise with &ldquo;rights&rdquo; instead of
+    &ldquo;restrictions&rdquo;.</p>
    </li>
 
   <li><p>When translating &ldquo;GNU's Not Unix&rdquo;, please ensure that 
@@ -150,6 +173,25 @@
     &ldquo;GNU's Not Unix (<span xml:lang="sv" lang="sv">
     GNU &auml;r inte Unix</span>)&rdquo;.</p></li>
 
+  <li><p>The page philosophy/words-to-avoid.html is an exception to
+    our usual policies about which terminology to use, because it
+    presents examples of what <em>not</em> to say.  For instance, in
+    general we shun the term &ldquo;Digital Rights Management&rdquo;.
+    However, we cite that term in philosophy/words-to-avoid.html in
+    order to advise others to shun it.</p>
+
+    <p>As a translator, it is best if you follow the English text.
+    Where the English text says &ldquo;Digital Rights
+    Management&rdquo;, translate that.  Where the English text says
+    &ldquo;Digital Restrictions Management&rdquo;, translate
+    that.</p></li>
+
+  <li><p> When translating &ldquo;GNU's Not Unix&rdquo;, please ensure that 
+    the translation remains recursive. If a recursive translation cannot be 
+    conceived, use the following format (this is an example for Swedish): 
+    &ldquo;GNU's Not Unix (<span xml:lang="sv" lang="sv">
+    GNU &auml;r inte Unix</span>)&rdquo;.</p></li>
+
   <li><p>You can learn more about specific terms and the GNU philosophy by 
     reading some articles such as the following, among others that you may 
     find useful:</p>
@@ -508,7 +550,7 @@
 
 <p>Updated:
 <!-- timestamp start -->
-$Date: 2011/12/30 12:23:01 $
+$Date: 2012/01/16 15:57:04 $
 <!-- timestamp end -->
 </p>
 </div>