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www philosophy/open-source-misses-the-point.zh-...


From: Yavor Doganov
Subject: www philosophy/open-source-misses-the-point.zh-...
Date: Fri, 13 Jan 2012 17:27:16 +0000

CVSROOT:        /web/www
Module name:    www
Changes by:     Yavor Doganov <yavor>   12/01/13 17:27:16

Modified files:
        philosophy     : open-source-misses-the-point.zh-cn.html 
                         right-to-read.de.html 
        philosophy/po  : open-source-misses-the-point.translist 
        software       : devel.de.html devel.pl.html software.de.html 
        software/po    : devel.de-en.html devel.de.po devel.pl-en.html 
                         software.de-en.html software.de.po 
Added files:
        philosophy/po  : right-to-read.de-en.html 

Log message:
        Automatic update by GNUnited Nations.

CVSWeb URLs:
http://web.cvs.savannah.gnu.org/viewcvs/www/philosophy/open-source-misses-the-point.zh-cn.html?cvsroot=www&r1=1.1&r2=1.2
http://web.cvs.savannah.gnu.org/viewcvs/www/philosophy/right-to-read.de.html?cvsroot=www&r1=1.10&r2=1.11
http://web.cvs.savannah.gnu.org/viewcvs/www/philosophy/po/open-source-misses-the-point.translist?cvsroot=www&r1=1.3&r2=1.4
http://web.cvs.savannah.gnu.org/viewcvs/www/philosophy/po/right-to-read.de-en.html?cvsroot=www&rev=1.1
http://web.cvs.savannah.gnu.org/viewcvs/www/software/devel.de.html?cvsroot=www&r1=1.9&r2=1.10
http://web.cvs.savannah.gnu.org/viewcvs/www/software/devel.pl.html?cvsroot=www&r1=1.9&r2=1.10
http://web.cvs.savannah.gnu.org/viewcvs/www/software/software.de.html?cvsroot=www&r1=1.18&r2=1.19
http://web.cvs.savannah.gnu.org/viewcvs/www/software/po/devel.de-en.html?cvsroot=www&r1=1.1&r2=1.2
http://web.cvs.savannah.gnu.org/viewcvs/www/software/po/devel.de.po?cvsroot=www&r1=1.17&r2=1.18
http://web.cvs.savannah.gnu.org/viewcvs/www/software/po/devel.pl-en.html?cvsroot=www&r1=1.1&r2=1.2
http://web.cvs.savannah.gnu.org/viewcvs/www/software/po/software.de-en.html?cvsroot=www&r1=1.1&r2=1.2
http://web.cvs.savannah.gnu.org/viewcvs/www/software/po/software.de.po?cvsroot=www&r1=1.22&r2=1.23

Patches:
Index: philosophy/open-source-misses-the-point.zh-cn.html
===================================================================
RCS file: /web/www/www/philosophy/open-source-misses-the-point.zh-cn.html,v
retrieving revision 1.1
retrieving revision 1.2
diff -u -b -r1.1 -r1.2
--- philosophy/open-source-misses-the-point.zh-cn.html  13 Jan 2012 09:27:41 
-0000      1.1
+++ philosophy/open-source-misses-the-point.zh-cn.html  13 Jan 2012 17:26:06 
-0000      1.2
@@ -6,6 +6,12 @@
 <title>开源究竟差哪了 - GNU 工程 - 自由软件基金会(FSF)</title>
 
 <!--#include virtual="/server/banner.zh-cn.html" -->
+<!--#set var="PO_FILE"
+ value='<a 
href="http://www.gnu.org/philosophy/po/open-source-misses-the-point.zh-cn.po";>
+ http://www.gnu.org/philosophy/po/open-source-misses-the-point.zh-cn.po</a>' 
-->
+ <!--#set var="ORIGINAL_FILE" 
value="/philosophy/open-source-misses-the-point.html" -->
+ <!--#set var="DIFF_FILE" value="" -->
+ <!--#include virtual="/server/outdated.zh-cn.html" -->
 <!--#include virtual="/philosophy/po/open-source-misses-the-point.translist" 
-->
 <h2>开源究竟差哪了</h2>
 
@@ -173,7 +179,7 @@
 <!-- timestamp start -->
 最后更新:
 
-$Date: 2012/01/13 09:27:41 $
+$Date: 2012/01/13 17:26:06 $
 
 <!-- timestamp end -->
 </p>

Index: philosophy/right-to-read.de.html
===================================================================
RCS file: /web/www/www/philosophy/right-to-read.de.html,v
retrieving revision 1.10
retrieving revision 1.11
diff -u -b -r1.10 -r1.11
--- philosophy/right-to-read.de.html    13 Jan 2012 01:26:11 -0000      1.10
+++ philosophy/right-to-read.de.html    13 Jan 2012 17:26:06 -0000      1.11
@@ -322,8 +322,8 @@
 
 <ul>
 <li>Heutige kommerzielle elektronische Bücher &#8218;eBooks&#8216; <a
-href="/philosophy/the-danger-of-ebooks>schaffen traditionelle Freiheiten der
-Leser ab</a>.</li>
+href="/philosophy/the-danger-of-ebooks">schaffen traditionelle Freiheiten
+der Leser ab</a>.</li>
 <li>Der Webauftritt eines <a
 
href="http://www.nature.com/nature_education/biology.html";>&#8222;Biologielehrbuchs&#8220;</a>,
 auf das Sie nur durch Unterzeichnung eines Vertrages zugreifen können, <a
@@ -447,7 +447,7 @@
 <!-- timestamp start -->
 Aktualisierung:
 
-$Date: 2012/01/13 01:26:11 $
+$Date: 2012/01/13 17:26:06 $
 
 <!-- timestamp end -->
 </p>

Index: philosophy/po/open-source-misses-the-point.translist
===================================================================
RCS file: /web/www/www/philosophy/po/open-source-misses-the-point.translist,v
retrieving revision 1.3
retrieving revision 1.4
diff -u -b -r1.3 -r1.4
--- philosophy/po/open-source-misses-the-point.translist        26 Dec 2011 
09:29:31 -0000      1.3
+++ philosophy/po/open-source-misses-the-point.translist        13 Jan 2012 
17:26:26 -0000      1.4
@@ -33,6 +33,8 @@
 <li><a 
href="/philosophy/open-source-misses-the-point.ta.html">தமிழ்</a>&nbsp;[ta]</li>
 <!-- Turkish -->
 <li><a 
href="/philosophy/open-source-misses-the-point.tr.html">Türkçe</a>&nbsp;[tr]</li>
+<!-- Chinese (Simplified) -->
+<li><a 
href="/philosophy/open-source-misses-the-point.zh-cn.html">简体中文</a>&nbsp;[zh-cn]</li>
 </ul>
 </div> <!-- id="translations" -->
 <!-- end translinks file -->

Index: software/devel.de.html
===================================================================
RCS file: /web/www/www/software/devel.de.html,v
retrieving revision 1.9
retrieving revision 1.10
diff -u -b -r1.9 -r1.10
--- software/devel.de.html      10 Jan 2012 17:35:24 -0000      1.9
+++ software/devel.de.html      13 Jan 2012 17:26:45 -0000      1.10
@@ -197,6 +197,27 @@
 und <a
 
href="http://hydra.nixos.org/job/nixpkgs/trunk/tarball/latest/download/2/manual.html";>Nixpkgs</a>.</p>
 
+
+<h3 id="platform-testers">Plattform-Tester: Manuelle Portabilitätstest</h3>
+
+<p>Eine weitere nützliche Option für Tests von Vorabversion ist der <a
+href="http://lists.gnu.org/mailman/listinfo/platform-testers";>Mailingliste
+der Plattform-Tester</a>. Zeit vorausgesetzt, erstellen die Menschen auf
+dieser Liste auf Anfrage Vorabversionen für eine Vielzahl von
+Plattformen. (Weitere Freiwillige für die Herstellung der Test-Builds sind
+herzlich willkommen!)</p>
+
+<p>Im Gegensatz zum oben beschriebenen Hydra-Tool arbeiten die Plattform-Tester
+im wesentlichen per Hand, jede Methode hat also ihre Vor- und
+Nachteile. Außerdem hat das Plattform-Tester-Team Zugang zu einer breiteren
+Auswahl von Plattformen und Compilern als das Hydra-Setup.</p>
+
+<p>Wenn Sie also eine Vorabversion haben, können Sie an die Mailingliste
+schreiben: (1.)&#160;die URL zum Tarball bereitstellen, (2.)&#160;das
+geplante Datum der Veröffentlichung und (3.)&#160;die E-Mail Adresse, an die
+Build-Berichte gesendet werden sollen. Builds und Berichte erfolgen per Hand
+von den Freiwilligen der Liste.</p>
+
 <!-- If needed, change the copyright block at the bottom. In general,
      all pages on the GNU web server should have the section about
      verbatim copying.  Please do NOT remove this without talking
@@ -230,8 +251,7 @@
 <p>Dieses Werk bzw. Inhalt steht unter einer <a rel="license"
 href="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nd/3.0/us/deed.de";>Creative
 Commons Namensnennung-Keine Bearbeitung 3.0 Vereinigte Staaten von Amerika
-Lizenz</a>.
-</p>
+Lizenz</a>.</p>
 
 
 <div class="translators-credits">
@@ -243,68 +263,11 @@
  <p><!-- timestamp start -->
 Aktualisierung:
 
-$Date: 2012/01/10 17:35:24 $
+$Date: 2012/01/13 17:26:45 $
 
 <!-- timestamp end -->
 </p>
 </div>
-
-<!-- <div id="translations">
- -->
-<!-- <h4>
-Translations of this page</h4> -->
-<!--  -->
-<!-- Please keep this list alphabetical by language code. -->
-<!--      Comment what the language is for each type, i.e. de is German. -->
-<!--      Write the language name in its own language (Deutsch) in the text. 
-->
-<!--      If you add a new language here, please -->
-<!--      advise address@hidden and add it to -->
-<!--       - /home/www/html/server/standards/README.translations.html -->
-<!--       - one of the lists under the section "Translations Underway" -->
-<!--       - if there is a translation team, you also have to add an alias -->
-<!--       to mail.gnu.org:/com/mailer/aliases -->
-<!--      Please also check you have the language code right; see: -->
-<!--      http://www.loc.gov/standards/iso639-2/php/code_list.php -->
-<!--      If the 2-letter ISO 639-1 code is not available, -->
-<!--      use the 3-letter ISO 639-2. -->
-<!--      Please use W3C normative character entities. -->
-<!--  -->
-<!-- <ul class="translations-list">
- -->
-<!-- Catalan -->
-<!-- <li>
-<a href="/software/devel.ca.html">catal&#x00e0;</a>&nbsp;[ca]</li> -->
-<!-- Czech -->
-<!-- <li>
-<a href="/software/devel.cs.html">&#x010c;esky</a>&nbsp;[cs]</li> -->
-<!-- German -->
-<!-- <li>
-<a href="/software/devel.de.html">Deutsch</a>&nbsp;[de]</li> -->
-<!-- English -->
-<!-- <li>
-<a href="/software/devel.html">English</a>&nbsp;[en]</li> -->
-<!-- Spanish -->
-<!-- <li>
-<a href="/software/devel.es.html">espa&#x00f1;ol</a>&nbsp;[es]</li> -->
-<!-- Polish -->
-<!-- <li>
-<a href="/software/devel.pl.html">polski</a>&nbsp;[pl]</li> -->
-<!-- Brazilian Portuguese -->
-<!-- <li>
-<a href="/software/devel.pt-br.html">portugu&#x0ea;s do 
Brasil</a>&nbsp;[pt-br]</li> -->
-<!-- Albanian -->
-<!-- <li>
-<a href="/software/devel.sq.html">shqip</a>&nbsp;[sq]</li> -->
-<!-- Chinese (Simplified) -->
-<!-- <li>
-<a 
href="/software/devel.zh-cn.html">&#x7b80;&#x4f53;&#x4e2d;&#x6587;</a>&nbsp;[zh-cn]</li>
 -->
-<!-- Chinese (Traditional) -->
-<!-- <li>
-<a 
href="/software/devel.zh-tw.html">&#x7e41;&#x9ad4;&#x4e2d;&#x6587;</a>&nbsp;[zh-tw]</li>
 -->
-<!-- </ul>
- -->
-<!-- </div>
- -->
 </div>
 </body>
 </html>

Index: software/devel.pl.html
===================================================================
RCS file: /web/www/www/software/devel.pl.html,v
retrieving revision 1.9
retrieving revision 1.10
diff -u -b -r1.9 -r1.10
--- software/devel.pl.html      5 Jan 2012 17:29:13 -0000       1.9
+++ software/devel.pl.html      13 Jan 2012 17:26:45 -0000      1.10
@@ -199,6 +199,27 @@
 
href="http://hydra.nixos.org/job/nixpkgs/trunk/tarball/latest/download/2/manual.html";>podręczniku
 Nixpkgs</a>.</p>
 
+
+<h3 id="platform-testers">platform-testers: ręczne sprawdzanie 
przenaszalności</h3>
+
+<p>Inna przydatna możliwość sprawdzania przed wydaniem jest <a
+href="http://lists.gnu.org/mailman/listinfo/platform-testers";>lista mailowa
+platform-testers</a>. Jeśli mają czas, ludzie na&nbsp;tej liście kompilują
+oprogramowanie na&nbsp;różnych systemach na&nbsp;prośbę. (Dodatkowi
+wolontariusze do&nbsp;tych kompilacji są mile widziani!)</p>
+
+<p>W&nbsp;przeciwieństwie do&nbsp;narzędzia Hydra opisanego wyżej, lista
+platform-testers działa w&nbsp;zasadzie ręcznie, więc&nbsp;każda
+z&nbsp;metod ma swoje wady i&nbsp;zalety. Przykładowo, drużyna
+platform-testers ma dostęp do&nbsp;więcej różnych platform
+i&nbsp;kompilatorów niż Hydra.</p>
+
+<p>Jeśli macie program przed wydaniem, możecie napisać na&nbsp;tą listę
+dostarczając (1)&nbsp;adres źródła, (2)&nbsp;planowaną datę wydania
+i&nbsp;(3)&nbsp;adres, na&nbsp;który mają być wysłane wyniki
+kompilacji. Kompilacje i&nbsp;ich wyniki są składane ręcznie przez
+wolontariuszy na&nbsp;liście.</p>
+
 <!-- If needed, change the copyright block at the bottom. In general,
      all pages on the GNU web server should have the section about
      verbatim copying.  Please do NOT remove this without talking
@@ -234,82 +255,24 @@
 <p>Ten utwór jest dostępny na&nbsp;<a rel="license"
 href="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nd/3.0/us/deed.pl";>licencji
 Creative Commons Uznanie autorstwa-Bez utworów zależnych 3.0 Stany
-Zjednoczone</a>.
-</p>
+Zjednoczone</a>.</p>
 
 
 <div class="translators-credits">
 
 <!--TRANSLATORS: Use space (SPC) as msgstr if you don't want credits.-->
-Tłumaczenie: Daniel Oźminkowski 2010; Poprawki: Jan Wieremjewicz 2010, Jan
-Owoc 2010, 2011, 2012.</div>
+Tłumaczenie: Daniel Oźminkowski 2010, Jan Owoc 2012; Poprawki: Jan
+Wieremjewicz 2010, Jan Owoc 2010, 2011.</div>
 
 
  <p><!-- timestamp start -->
 Aktualizowane:
 
-$Date: 2012/01/05 17:29:13 $
+$Date: 2012/01/13 17:26:45 $
 
 <!-- timestamp end -->
 </p>
 </div>
-
-<!-- <div id="translations">
- -->
-<!-- <h4>
-Translations of this page</h4> -->
-<!--  -->
-<!-- Please keep this list alphabetical by language code. -->
-<!--      Comment what the language is for each type, i.e. de is German. -->
-<!--      Write the language name in its own language (Deutsch) in the text. 
-->
-<!--      If you add a new language here, please -->
-<!--      advise address@hidden and add it to -->
-<!--       - /home/www/html/server/standards/README.translations.html -->
-<!--       - one of the lists under the section "Translations Underway" -->
-<!--       - if there is a translation team, you also have to add an alias -->
-<!--       to mail.gnu.org:/com/mailer/aliases -->
-<!--      Please also check you have the language code right; see: -->
-<!--      http://www.loc.gov/standards/iso639-2/php/code_list.php -->
-<!--      If the 2-letter ISO 639-1 code is not available, -->
-<!--      use the 3-letter ISO 639-2. -->
-<!--      Please use W3C normative character entities. -->
-<!--  -->
-<!-- <ul class="translations-list">
- -->
-<!-- Catalan -->
-<!-- <li>
-<a href="/software/devel.ca.html">catal&#x00e0;</a>&nbsp;[ca]</li> -->
-<!-- Czech -->
-<!-- <li>
-<a href="/software/devel.cs.html">&#x010c;esky</a>&nbsp;[cs]</li> -->
-<!-- German -->
-<!-- <li>
-<a href="/software/devel.de.html">Deutsch</a>&nbsp;[de]</li> -->
-<!-- English -->
-<!-- <li>
-<a href="/software/devel.html">English</a>&nbsp;[en]</li> -->
-<!-- Spanish -->
-<!-- <li>
-<a href="/software/devel.es.html">espa&#x00f1;ol</a>&nbsp;[es]</li> -->
-<!-- Polish -->
-<!-- <li>
-<a href="/software/devel.pl.html">polski</a>&nbsp;[pl]</li> -->
-<!-- Brazilian Portuguese -->
-<!-- <li>
-<a href="/software/devel.pt-br.html">portugu&#x0ea;s do 
Brasil</a>&nbsp;[pt-br]</li> -->
-<!-- Albanian -->
-<!-- <li>
-<a href="/software/devel.sq.html">shqip</a>&nbsp;[sq]</li> -->
-<!-- Chinese (Simplified) -->
-<!-- <li>
-<a 
href="/software/devel.zh-cn.html">&#x7b80;&#x4f53;&#x4e2d;&#x6587;</a>&nbsp;[zh-cn]</li>
 -->
-<!-- Chinese (Traditional) -->
-<!-- <li>
-<a 
href="/software/devel.zh-tw.html">&#x7e41;&#x9ad4;&#x4e2d;&#x6587;</a>&nbsp;[zh-tw]</li>
 -->
-<!-- </ul>
- -->
-<!-- </div>
- -->
 </div>
 </body>
 </html>

Index: software/software.de.html
===================================================================
RCS file: /web/www/www/software/software.de.html,v
retrieving revision 1.18
retrieving revision 1.19
diff -u -b -r1.18 -r1.19
--- software/software.de.html   18 Nov 2011 01:33:20 -0000      1.18
+++ software/software.de.html   13 Jan 2012 17:26:45 -0000      1.19
@@ -16,26 +16,36 @@
 GNU/Linux-Gesamtsystem</a> installieren.</span></p>
 </div>
 
+<p>Das <a href="/philosophy/categories.html#TheGNUsystem">GNU
+Betriebssystem</a> ist ein seit 1984 im GNU Projekt entwickeltes,
+unixähnliches Betriebssystem aus völlig freier Software. Das GNU-System
+enthält alle <a href="/philosophy/categories.html#GNUsoftware">offiziellen
+GNU-Softwarepakete</a> (die unten aufgeführt sind) und enthält auch eine
+Menge freie nonGNU-Software, wie das X Window System (X11). Außerdem ist das
+GNU-System keine einzelne statische Programmzusammenstellung; Benutzer und
+Distributoren können verschiedene Pakete entsprechend ihrer Bedürfnisse und
+Wünsche zusammenstellen. Das Ergebnis ist immer noch eine Variante des
+GNU-Systems.</p>
+
 <p>Ein Gesamtsystem zum Installieren finden Sie unter <a
 href="/distros/free-distros">Freie GNU/Linux-Distributionen</a>.</p>
 
 <p>Einzelne freie Softwarepakete finden Sie im <a
-href="http://directory.fsf.org/";>Freie Software-Verzeichnis</a> (sowohl <a
-href="http://sv.gnu.org/"; title="GNU&#8217;s Nicht Unix">GNU</a> als auch <a
-href="http://sv.nongnu.org/";>nonGNU</a>): Eine von der <a
-href="http://www.fsf.org/";>Free Software Foundation</a> aktiv gepflegte,
-nach Kategorien geordnete, durchsuchbare Datenbank mit Freie Software mit
-Verweisen zu vorhandenen Webauftritten sowie Details <a
-href="http://directory.fsf.org/GNU/";>aller GNU Projekte</a>. <a
-href="#allgnupkgs">Alle GNU Pakete</a> finden Sie auch weiter unten auf
-dieser Seite. Verweise zu <a href="/doc/doc">Freie
-Software-Dokumentation</a> sind separat aufgeführt.</p>
+href="http://directory.fsf.org/";>Freie-Software-Verzeichnis</a> (sowohl GNU
+als auch nonGNU): Eine von der <a href="http://www.fsf.org/";>Free Software
+Foundation</a> aktiv gepflegte, nach Kategorien geordnete und durchsuchbare
+Datenbank mit freier Software mit Verweisen zu den entsprechenden
+Webauftritten wie auch <a href="http://directory.fsf.org/wiki/GNU/";>Alle
+GNU-Projekte</a>. Weitere <a href="#allgnupkgs">GNU-Pakete</a> finden Sie
+auch weiter unten auf dieser Seite. Verweise zu <a
+href="/doc/doc">Freie-Software-Dokumentation</a> werden gesondert
+aufgeführt.</p>
 
 <p>Wir pflegen auch <a href="http://www.fsf.org/campaigns/priority.html";>Freie
 Softwareprojekte mit hoher Priorität</a>. Bitte helfen Sie bei diesen
-Projekten mit, wenn Sie können. Weitere Möglichkeiten, um zu GNU
-beizutragen, einschließlich der Übernahme und der Entwicklung, unbetreuter
-GNU Pakete, siehe <a href="/help/help">GNU helfen</a>.</p>
+Projekten mit, wenn Sie können. Weitere Möglichkeiten um zu GNU beizutragen,
+einschließlich der Übernahme und der Entwicklung unbetreuter GNU-Pakete,
+siehe <a href="/help/help">GNU helfen</a>.</p>
 
 <p>Wenn Sie ein GNU Paket entwickeln oder an eine Gründung denken, könnten 
die
 <a href="/software/devel">Ressourcen für die Entwicklung von GNU</a>
@@ -82,31 +92,32 @@
 (Personal Package Archive) auf Trisquel, gNewSense oder verwandten
 Distributionen, um die neuesten Versionen angemessen zu verpacken.</li>
 
-<li>Auf GNU&nbsp;<a href="http://savannah.gnu.org/";>Savannah</a> werden viele
-Entwicklungsquelldateien der GNU&nbsp;Pakete gehostet. Holen Sie sich die
-Entwicklungsquelldateien und helfen bei der Entwicklung. Einige Pakete
-verwenden andere Quellpaketarchive oder überhaupt keine. Weitere
-Informationen finden Sie auf den jeweiligen Webseiten des Projekts.</li>
+<li>Holen Sie sich die Entwicklungsquelldateien und helfen bei der
+Entwicklung. Viele Quellcodedateien der GNU-Pakete werden auf GNU&nbsp;<a
+href="http://savannah.gnu.org/";>Savannah</a> gehostet. Einige Pakete
+verwenden andere Projektarchive für den Quellcode oder überhaupt
+keine. Weitere Informationen finden Sie auf den Webauftritten des jeweiligen
+Projekts.</li>
 
 </ul>
 
 
-<h3><a name="allgnupkgs" id="allgnupkgs">Alle GNU Pakete</a></h3>
+<h3><a id="allgnupkgs">Alle GNU-Pakete</a></h3>
 
-<p>Aktuelle GNU Pakete (aus Platzgründen mit Paket-ID und alphabetisch
+<p>Aktuelle GNU-Pakete (aus Platzgründen mit Paket-ID und alphabetisch
 sortiert). Bitte kontaktieren Sie uns bei Korrekturen oder Fragen unter <a
 href="mailto:address@hidden";>&lt;address@hidden&gt;</a>.</p>
 
 <p>Außerdem gibt es umfangreiche <a href="/manual/manual">Dokumentation</a> 
und
-<a href="/graphics/package-logos">Logos</a> der GNU Pakete.</p>
+<a href="/graphics/package-logos">Logos</a> der GNU-Pakete.</p>
 
 <!-- regenerate when official list changes, via
        gm generate packages html  (or see the Makefile)
      in the womb/gnumaint CVS source directory on savannah.  -->
 <!--#include virtual="/software/allgnupkgs.html" -->
-<h3>Eingestellte GNU Pakete</h3>
+<h3>Eingestellte GNU-Pakete</h3>
 
-<p>GNU Pakete werden gelegentlich &#8222;außer Betrieb genommen&#8220;. Im
+<p>GNU-Pakete werden gelegentlich &#8222;außer Betrieb genommen&#8220;. Im
 Allgemeinen, weil sie bereits abgelöst oder in andere Pakete integriert
 wurden. Wenn Sie Zeit und Interesse an einer Wiederbelebung haben, wenden
 Sie sich bitte an &lt;<tt>address@hidden</tt>&gt;.<br /><br />Im
@@ -157,7 +168,7 @@
 <p>
 Bitte senden Sie Fragen zur FSF &amp; GNU an <a
 href="mailto:address@hidden";>&lt;address@hidden&gt;</a>. Sie können auch die 
<a
-href="/contact/contact">Free Software Foundation kontaktieren</a>.
+href="/contact/">Free Software Foundation kontaktieren</a>.
 <br />
 Bitte senden Sie ungültige Verweise und andere Korrekturen oder Vorschläge
 an <a
@@ -182,13 +193,13 @@
 <div class="translators-credits">
 
 <!--TRANSLATORS: Use space (SPC) as msgstr if you don't want credits.-->
-<strong>Übersetzung:</strong> Joerg Kohne, 2011.</div>
+<strong>Übersetzung:</strong> Joerg Kohne, 2011, 2012.</div>
 
 
  <p><!-- timestamp start -->
 Aktualisierung:
 
-$Date: 2011/11/18 01:33:20 $
+$Date: 2012/01/13 17:26:45 $
 
 <!-- timestamp end -->
 </p>

Index: software/po/devel.de-en.html
===================================================================
RCS file: /web/www/www/software/po/devel.de-en.html,v
retrieving revision 1.1
retrieving revision 1.2
diff -u -b -r1.1 -r1.2
--- software/po/devel.de-en.html        10 Jan 2012 17:35:36 -0000      1.1
+++ software/po/devel.de-en.html        13 Jan 2012 17:27:04 -0000      1.2
@@ -190,6 +190,26 @@
 Nixpkgs manual</a>.</p>
 
 
+<h3 id="platform-testers">platform-testers: Manual portability testing</h3>
+
+<p>Another useful option for pre-release testing is the <a
+href="http://lists.gnu.org/mailman/listinfo/platform-testers";>platform-testers
+mailing list</a>.  Time permitting, the people on this list build
+pre-releases on a wide variety of platforms upon request.  (Additional
+volunteers for making the test builds are most welcome!)</p>
+
+<p>In contrast to the Hydra tool described above, the platform-testers
+list works essentially by hand, so each method has its advantages and
+disadvantages.  Also, the platform-testers crew has access to a wider
+variety of platforms and compilers than the Hydra setup.</p>
+
+<p>So, if you have a pre-release, you can write to the mailing list,
+providing (1)&nbsp;the url to the tarball, (2)&nbsp;the planned date of
+the release, and (3)&nbsp;the email address to which build reports
+should be sent.  The builds and reports are made by hand by the
+volunteers on the list.</p>
+
+
 <!-- If needed, change the copyright block at the bottom. In general,
      all pages on the GNU web server should have the section about
      verbatim copying.  Please do NOT remove this without talking
@@ -216,57 +236,14 @@
 
 <p>This page is licensed under a <a rel="license"
 href="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nd/3.0/us/";>Creative
-Commons Attribution-NoDerivs 3.0 United States License</a>.
-</p>
+Commons Attribution-NoDerivs 3.0 United States License</a>.</p>
 
 <p>Updated:
 <!-- timestamp start -->
-$Date: 2012/01/10 17:35:36 $
+$Date: 2012/01/13 17:27:04 $
 <!-- timestamp end -->
 </p>
 </div>
-
-<!-- <div id="translations"> -->
-<!-- <h4>Translations of this page</h4> -->
-<!--  -->
-<!-- Please keep this list alphabetical by language code. -->
-<!--      Comment what the language is for each type, i.e. de is German. -->
-<!--      Write the language name in its own language (Deutsch) in the text. 
-->
-<!--      If you add a new language here, please -->
-<!--      advise address@hidden and add it to -->
-<!--       - /home/www/html/server/standards/README.translations.html -->
-<!--       - one of the lists under the section "Translations Underway" -->
-<!--       - if there is a translation team, you also have to add an alias -->
-<!--       to mail.gnu.org:/com/mailer/aliases -->
-<!--      Please also check you have the language code right; see: -->
-<!--      http://www.loc.gov/standards/iso639-2/php/code_list.php -->
-<!--      If the 2-letter ISO 639-1 code is not available, -->
-<!--      use the 3-letter ISO 639-2. -->
-<!--      Please use W3C normative character entities. -->
-<!--  -->
-<!-- <ul class="translations-list"> -->
-<!-- Catalan -->
-<!-- <li><a href="/software/devel.ca.html">catal&#x00e0;</a>&nbsp;[ca]</li> -->
-<!-- Czech -->
-<!-- <li><a href="/software/devel.cs.html">&#x010c;esky</a>&nbsp;[cs]</li> -->
-<!-- German -->
-<!-- <li><a href="/software/devel.de.html">Deutsch</a>&nbsp;[de]</li> -->
-<!-- English -->
-<!-- <li><a href="/software/devel.html">English</a>&nbsp;[en]</li> -->
-<!-- Spanish -->
-<!-- <li><a href="/software/devel.es.html">espa&#x00f1;ol</a>&nbsp;[es]</li> 
-->
-<!-- Polish -->
-<!-- <li><a href="/software/devel.pl.html">polski</a>&nbsp;[pl]</li> -->
-<!-- Brazilian Portuguese -->
-<!-- <li><a href="/software/devel.pt-br.html">portugu&#x0ea;s do 
Brasil</a>&nbsp;[pt-br]</li> -->
-<!-- Albanian -->
-<!-- <li><a href="/software/devel.sq.html">shqip</a>&nbsp;[sq]</li> -->
-<!-- Chinese (Simplified) -->
-<!-- <li><a 
href="/software/devel.zh-cn.html">&#x7b80;&#x4f53;&#x4e2d;&#x6587;</a>&nbsp;[zh-cn]</li>
 -->
-<!-- Chinese (Traditional) -->
-<!-- <li><a 
href="/software/devel.zh-tw.html">&#x7e41;&#x9ad4;&#x4e2d;&#x6587;</a>&nbsp;[zh-tw]</li>
 -->
-<!-- </ul> -->
-<!-- </div> -->
 </div>
 </body>
 </html>

Index: software/po/devel.de.po
===================================================================
RCS file: /web/www/www/software/po/devel.de.po,v
retrieving revision 1.17
retrieving revision 1.18
diff -u -b -r1.17 -r1.18
--- software/po/devel.de.po     13 Jan 2012 02:40:45 -0000      1.17
+++ software/po/devel.de.po     13 Jan 2012 17:27:04 -0000      1.18
@@ -414,7 +414,6 @@
 "latest/download/2/manual.html\">Nixpkgs</a>."
 
 #. type: Content of: <h3>
-#| msgid "Hydra: Continuous builds and portability testing"
 msgid "platform-testers: Manual portability testing"
 msgstr "Plattform-Tester: Manuelle Portabilitätstest"
 

Index: software/po/devel.pl-en.html
===================================================================
RCS file: /web/www/www/software/po/devel.pl-en.html,v
retrieving revision 1.1
retrieving revision 1.2
diff -u -b -r1.1 -r1.2
--- software/po/devel.pl-en.html        5 Jan 2012 17:29:20 -0000       1.1
+++ software/po/devel.pl-en.html        13 Jan 2012 17:27:05 -0000      1.2
@@ -190,6 +190,26 @@
 Nixpkgs manual</a>.</p>
 
 
+<h3 id="platform-testers">platform-testers: Manual portability testing</h3>
+
+<p>Another useful option for pre-release testing is the <a
+href="http://lists.gnu.org/mailman/listinfo/platform-testers";>platform-testers
+mailing list</a>.  Time permitting, the people on this list build
+pre-releases on a wide variety of platforms upon request.  (Additional
+volunteers for making the test builds are most welcome!)</p>
+
+<p>In contrast to the Hydra tool described above, the platform-testers
+list works essentially by hand, so each method has its advantages and
+disadvantages.  Also, the platform-testers crew has access to a wider
+variety of platforms and compilers than the Hydra setup.</p>
+
+<p>So, if you have a pre-release, you can write to the mailing list,
+providing (1)&nbsp;the url to the tarball, (2)&nbsp;the planned date of
+the release, and (3)&nbsp;the email address to which build reports
+should be sent.  The builds and reports are made by hand by the
+volunteers on the list.</p>
+
+
 <!-- If needed, change the copyright block at the bottom. In general,
      all pages on the GNU web server should have the section about
      verbatim copying.  Please do NOT remove this without talking
@@ -216,57 +236,14 @@
 
 <p>This page is licensed under a <a rel="license"
 href="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nd/3.0/us/";>Creative
-Commons Attribution-NoDerivs 3.0 United States License</a>.
-</p>
+Commons Attribution-NoDerivs 3.0 United States License</a>.</p>
 
 <p>Updated:
 <!-- timestamp start -->
-$Date: 2012/01/05 17:29:20 $
+$Date: 2012/01/13 17:27:05 $
 <!-- timestamp end -->
 </p>
 </div>
-
-<!-- <div id="translations"> -->
-<!-- <h4>Translations of this page</h4> -->
-<!--  -->
-<!-- Please keep this list alphabetical by language code. -->
-<!--      Comment what the language is for each type, i.e. de is German. -->
-<!--      Write the language name in its own language (Deutsch) in the text. 
-->
-<!--      If you add a new language here, please -->
-<!--      advise address@hidden and add it to -->
-<!--       - /home/www/html/server/standards/README.translations.html -->
-<!--       - one of the lists under the section "Translations Underway" -->
-<!--       - if there is a translation team, you also have to add an alias -->
-<!--       to mail.gnu.org:/com/mailer/aliases -->
-<!--      Please also check you have the language code right; see: -->
-<!--      http://www.loc.gov/standards/iso639-2/php/code_list.php -->
-<!--      If the 2-letter ISO 639-1 code is not available, -->
-<!--      use the 3-letter ISO 639-2. -->
-<!--      Please use W3C normative character entities. -->
-<!--  -->
-<!-- <ul class="translations-list"> -->
-<!-- Catalan -->
-<!-- <li><a href="/software/devel.ca.html">catal&#x00e0;</a>&nbsp;[ca]</li> -->
-<!-- Czech -->
-<!-- <li><a href="/software/devel.cs.html">&#x010c;esky</a>&nbsp;[cs]</li> -->
-<!-- German -->
-<!-- <li><a href="/software/devel.de.html">Deutsch</a>&nbsp;[de]</li> -->
-<!-- English -->
-<!-- <li><a href="/software/devel.html">English</a>&nbsp;[en]</li> -->
-<!-- Spanish -->
-<!-- <li><a href="/software/devel.es.html">espa&#x00f1;ol</a>&nbsp;[es]</li> 
-->
-<!-- Polish -->
-<!-- <li><a href="/software/devel.pl.html">polski</a>&nbsp;[pl]</li> -->
-<!-- Brazilian Portuguese -->
-<!-- <li><a href="/software/devel.pt-br.html">portugu&#x0ea;s do 
Brasil</a>&nbsp;[pt-br]</li> -->
-<!-- Albanian -->
-<!-- <li><a href="/software/devel.sq.html">shqip</a>&nbsp;[sq]</li> -->
-<!-- Chinese (Simplified) -->
-<!-- <li><a 
href="/software/devel.zh-cn.html">&#x7b80;&#x4f53;&#x4e2d;&#x6587;</a>&nbsp;[zh-cn]</li>
 -->
-<!-- Chinese (Traditional) -->
-<!-- <li><a 
href="/software/devel.zh-tw.html">&#x7e41;&#x9ad4;&#x4e2d;&#x6587;</a>&nbsp;[zh-tw]</li>
 -->
-<!-- </ul> -->
-<!-- </div> -->
 </div>
 </body>
 </html>

Index: software/po/software.de-en.html
===================================================================
RCS file: /web/www/www/software/po/software.de-en.html,v
retrieving revision 1.1
retrieving revision 1.2
diff -u -b -r1.1 -r1.2
--- software/po/software.de-en.html     18 Nov 2011 01:33:27 -0000      1.1
+++ software/po/software.de-en.html     13 Jan 2012 17:27:05 -0000      1.2
@@ -16,20 +16,31 @@
 GNU/Linux distributions which are entirely free software</a>.</span></p>
 </div>
 
+<p><a href="/philosophy/categories.html#TheGNUsystem">The GNU operating
+system</a> is the Unix-like operating system, which is entirely free
+software, that we in the GNU Project have developed since 1984.  The GNU
+system contains all of the <a
+href="/philosophy/categories.html#GNUsoftware">official GNU software
+packages</a> (which are listed below), and also includes much non-GNU
+free software, such as the X Window System.  Also, the GNU system is not
+a single static set of programs; users and distributors may select
+different packages according to their needs and desires.  The result is
+still a variant of the GNU system.</p>
+
 <p>If you're looking for a whole system to install, see our <a
 href="/distros/free-distros.html">list of GNU/Linux distributions which
 are entirely free software</a>.</p>
 
-<p>To look for individual free software packages, both <acronym
-title="GNU's Not Unix!">GNU</acronym> and non-GNU, please see the <a
-href="http://directory.fsf.org/";>Free Software Directory</a>: a
-categorized, searchable database of free software.  The Directory is
-actively maintained by the <a href="http://www.fsf.org/";>Free Software
-Foundation</a> and includes links to program home pages where available,
-as well as entries for <a href="http://directory.fsf.org/wiki/GNU/";>all GNU
-packages</a>.  Another list of <a href="#allgnupkgs">all GNU
-packages</a> is below.  <a href="/doc/doc.html">Free software
-documentation links</a> are listed separately.</p>
+<p>To look for individual free software packages, both GNU and non-GNU,
+please see the <a href="http://directory.fsf.org/";>Free Software
+Directory</a>: a categorized, searchable database of free software.  The
+Directory is actively maintained by the <a
+href="http://www.fsf.org/";>Free Software Foundation</a> and includes
+links to program home pages where available, as well as entries for <a
+href="http://directory.fsf.org/wiki/GNU/";>all GNU packages</a>.  Another
+list of <a href="#allgnupkgs">all GNU packages</a> is below.  <a
+href="/doc/doc.html">Free software documentation links</a> are listed
+separately.</p>
 
 <p>We also maintain a list of <a
 href="http://www.fsf.org/campaigns/priority.html";>high-priority free
@@ -94,7 +105,7 @@
 </ul>
 
 
-<h3><a name="allgnupkgs" id="allgnupkgs">All GNU packages</a></h3>
+<h3><a id="allgnupkgs">All GNU packages</a></h3>
 
 <p>Here is a list of all current GNU packages, using their package
 identifiers (rather than long names) for brevity, and sorted
@@ -212,7 +223,7 @@
 
 <p>Updated:
 <!-- timestamp start -->
-$Date: 2011/11/18 01:33:27 $
+$Date: 2012/01/13 17:27:05 $
 <!-- timestamp end -->
 </p>
 </div>

Index: software/po/software.de.po
===================================================================
RCS file: /web/www/www/software/po/software.de.po,v
retrieving revision 1.22
retrieving revision 1.23
diff -u -b -r1.22 -r1.23
--- software/po/software.de.po  13 Jan 2012 01:58:02 -0000      1.22
+++ software/po/software.de.po  13 Jan 2012 17:27:05 -0000      1.23
@@ -225,7 +225,6 @@
 "finden Sie auf den Webauftritten des jeweiligen Projekts."
 
 #. type: Content of: <h3>
-#| msgid "<a name=\"allgnupkgs\" id=\"allgnupkgs\">All GNU packages</a>"
 msgid "<a id=\"allgnupkgs\">All GNU packages</a>"
 msgstr "<a id=\"allgnupkgs\">Alle GNU-Pakete</a>"
 

Index: philosophy/po/right-to-read.de-en.html
===================================================================
RCS file: philosophy/po/right-to-read.de-en.html
diff -N philosophy/po/right-to-read.de-en.html
--- /dev/null   1 Jan 1970 00:00:00 -0000
+++ philosophy/po/right-to-read.de-en.html      13 Jan 2012 17:26:26 -0000      
1.1
@@ -0,0 +1,456 @@
+<!--#include virtual="/server/header.html" -->
+<title>The Right to Read - GNU Project - Free Software Foundation (FSF)</title>
+<!--#include virtual="/server/banner.html" -->
+<!--#include virtual="/philosophy/po/right-to-read.translist" -->
+<h2>The Right to Read</h2>
+
+<p>
+by <a href="http://www.stallman.org/";><strong>Richard Stallman</strong></a></p>
+
+<p>
+<em>This article appeared in the February 1997 issue
+of <strong>Communications of the ACM</strong> (Volume 40, Number
+2).</em></p>
+
+<blockquote><p>
+            From <cite>The Road To Tycho</cite>, a collection of
+            articles about the antecedents of the Lunarian
+            Revolution, published in Luna City in 2096.
+</p></blockquote>
+
+<p>
+For Dan Halbert, the road to Tycho began in college&mdash;when Lissa
+Lenz asked to borrow his computer.  Hers had broken down, and unless
+she could borrow another, she would fail her midterm project.  There
+was no one she dared ask, except Dan.</p>
+
+<p>
+This put Dan in a dilemma.  He had to help her&mdash;but if he lent
+her his computer, she might read his books.  Aside from the fact that
+you could go to prison for many years for letting someone else read
+your books, the very idea shocked him at first.  Like everyone, he had
+been taught since elementary school that sharing books was nasty and
+wrong&mdash;something that only pirates would do.</p>
+
+<p>
+And there wasn't much chance that the SPA&mdash;the Software
+Protection Authority&mdash;would fail to catch him.  In his software
+class, Dan had learned that each book had a copyright monitor that
+reported when and where it was read, and by whom, to Central
+Licensing.  (They used this information to catch reading pirates, but
+also to sell personal interest profiles to retailers.)  The next time
+his computer was networked, Central Licensing would find out.  He, as
+computer owner, would receive the harshest punishment&mdash;for not
+taking pains to prevent the crime.</p>
+
+<p>
+Of course, Lissa did not necessarily intend to read his books.  She
+might want the computer only to write her midterm.  But Dan knew she
+came from a middle-class family and could hardly afford the tuition,
+let alone her reading fees.  Reading his books might be the only way
+she could graduate.  He understood this situation; he himself had had
+to borrow to pay for all the research papers he read.  (Ten percent of those
+fees went to the researchers who wrote the papers; since Dan aimed for
+an academic career, he could hope that his own research papers, if
+frequently referenced, would bring in enough to repay this loan.)</p>
+
+<p>
+Later on, Dan would learn there was a time when anyone could go to the
+library and read journal articles, and even books, without having to
+pay.  There were independent scholars who read thousands of pages
+without government library grants.  But in the 1990s, both commercial
+and nonprofit journal publishers had begun charging fees for access.
+By 2047, libraries offering free public access to scholarly literature
+were a dim memory.</p>
+
+<p>
+There were ways, of course, to get around the SPA and Central
+Licensing.  They were themselves illegal.  Dan had had a classmate in
+software, Frank Martucci, who had obtained an illicit debugging tool,
+and used it to skip over the copyright monitor code when reading
+books.  But he had told too many friends about it, and one of them
+turned him in to the SPA for a reward (students deep in debt were
+easily tempted into betrayal).  In 2047, Frank was in prison, not for
+pirate reading, but for possessing a debugger.</p>
+
+<p>
+Dan would later learn that there was a time when anyone could have
+debugging tools.  There were even free debugging tools available on CD
+or downloadable over the net.  But ordinary users started using them
+to bypass copyright monitors, and eventually a judge ruled that this
+had become their principal use in actual practice.  This meant they
+were illegal; the debuggers' developers were sent to prison.</p>
+
+<p>
+Programmers still needed debugging tools, of course, but debugger
+vendors in 2047 distributed numbered copies only, and only to
+officially licensed and bonded programmers.  The debugger Dan used in
+software class was kept behind a special firewall so that it could be
+used only for class exercises.</p>
+
+<p>
+It was also possible to bypass the copyright monitors by installing a
+modified system kernel.  Dan would eventually find out about the free
+kernels, even entire free operating systems, that had existed around
+the turn of the century.  But not only were they illegal, like
+debuggers&mdash;you could not install one if you had one, without
+knowing your computer's root password.  And neither
+the <abbr title="Federal Bureau of Investigation">FBI</abbr> nor
+Microsoft Support would tell you that.</p>
+
+<p>
+Dan concluded that he couldn't simply lend Lissa his computer.  But he
+couldn't refuse to help her, because he loved her.  Every chance to
+speak with her filled him with delight.  And that she chose him to ask
+for help, that could mean she loved him too.</p>
+
+<p>
+Dan resolved the dilemma by doing something even more
+unthinkable&mdash;he lent her the computer, and told her his password.
+This way, if Lissa read his books, Central Licensing would think he
+was reading them.  It was still a crime, but the SPA would not
+automatically find out about it.  They would only find out if Lissa
+reported him.</p>
+
+<p>
+Of course, if the school ever found out that he had given Lissa his
+own password, it would be curtains for both of them as students,
+regardless of what she had used it for.  School policy was that any
+interference with their means of monitoring students' computer use was
+grounds for disciplinary action.  It didn't matter whether you did
+anything harmful&mdash;the offense was making it hard for the
+administrators to check on you.  They assumed this meant you were
+doing something else forbidden, and they did not need to know what it
+was.</p>
+
+<p>
+Students were not usually expelled for this&mdash;not directly.
+Instead they were banned from the school computer systems, and would
+inevitably fail all their classes.</p>
+
+<p>
+Later, Dan would learn that this kind of university policy started
+only in the 1980s, when university students in large numbers began
+using computers.  Previously, universities maintained a different
+approach to student discipline; they punished activities that were
+harmful, not those that merely raised suspicion.</p>
+
+<p>
+Lissa did not report Dan to the SPA.  His decision to help her led to
+their marriage, and also led them to question what they had been
+taught about piracy as children.  The couple began reading about the
+history of copyright, about the Soviet Union and its restrictions on
+copying, and even the original United States Constitution.  They moved
+to Luna, where they found others who had likewise gravitated away from
+the long arm of the SPA.  When the Tycho Uprising began in 2062, the
+universal right to read soon became one of its central aims.</p>
+
+
+<h3 id="AuthorsNote">Author's Note</h3>
+
+<p>[This note has been updated several times since the first
+publication of the story.]</p>
+
+<p>
+The right to read is a battle being fought today.  Although it may
+take 50 years for our present way of life to fade into obscurity, most
+of the specific laws and practices described above have already been
+proposed; many have been enacted into law in the US and elsewhere.  In
+the US, the 1998 Digital Millenium Copyright Act (DMCA) established the legal
+basis to restrict the reading and lending of computerized books (and
+other works as well).  The European Union imposed similar restrictions
+in a 2001 copyright directive.  In France, under the DADVSI law
+adopted in 2006, mere possession of a copy of DeCSS, the free program
+to decrypt video on a DVD, is a crime.</p>
+
+<p>
+In 2001, Disney-funded Senator Hollings proposed a bill called the
+SSSCA that would require every new computer to have mandatory
+copy-restriction facilities that the user cannot bypass.  Following
+the Clipper chip and similar US government key-escrow proposals, this
+shows a long-term trend: computer systems are increasingly set up to
+give absentees with clout control over the people actually using the
+computer system.  The SSSCA was later renamed to the unpronounceable
+CBDTPA, which was glossed as the &ldquo;Consume But Don't Try
+Programming Act&rdquo;.
+</p>
+
+<p>
+The Republicans took control of the US senate shortly thereafter.
+They are less tied to Hollywood than the Democrats, so they did not
+press these proposals.  Now that the Democrats are back in control,
+the danger is once again higher.</p>
+
+<p>
+In 2001 the US began attempting to use the proposed Free Trade Area of
+the Americas (FTAA) treaty to impose the same rules on all the countries in
+the Western Hemisphere.  The FTAA is one of the so-called free
+trade treaties, which are actually designed to give business
+increased power over democratic governments; imposing laws like the
+DMCA is typical of this spirit.  The FTAA was effectively killed by
+Lula, President of Brazil, who rejected the DMCA requirement and
+others.</p>
+
+<p>
+Since then, the US has imposed similar requirements on countries such
+as Australia and Mexico through bilateral &ldquo;free trade&rdquo;
+agreements, and on countries such as Costa Rica through another
+treaty, CAFTA.  Ecuador's President Correa refused to sign a
+&ldquo;free trade&rdquo; agreement with the US, but I've heard Ecuador
+had adopted something like the DMCA in 2003.</p>
+
+<p>
+One of the ideas in the story was not proposed in reality until 2002.
+This is the idea that the <abbr>FBI</abbr> and Microsoft will keep the
+root passwords for your personal computers, and not let you have
+them.</p>
+
+<p>
+The proponents of this scheme have given it names such as
+&ldquo;trusted computing&rdquo; and &ldquo;Palladium&rdquo;.  We call
+it <a href="/philosophy/can-you-trust.html">&ldquo;treacherous
+computing&rdquo;</a> because the effect is to make your computer obey
+companies even to the extent of disobeying and defying you.  This was
+implemented in 2007 as part of <a href="http://badvista.org/";>Windows
+Vista</a>; we expect Apple to do something similar.  In this scheme,
+it is the manufacturer that keeps the secret code, but
+the <abbr>FBI</abbr> would have little trouble getting it.</p>
+
+<p>
+What Microsoft keeps is not exactly a password in the traditional
+sense; no person ever types it on a terminal.  Rather, it is a
+signature and encryption key that corresponds to a second key stored
+in your computer.  This enables Microsoft, and potentially any web
+sites that cooperate with Microsoft, the ultimate control over what
+the user can do on his own computer.</p>
+
+<p>
+Vista also gives Microsoft additional powers; for instance, Microsoft
+can forcibly install upgrades, and it can order all machines running
+Vista to refuse to run a certain device driver.  The main purpose of
+Vista's many restrictions is to impose DRM (Digital Restrictions
+Management) that users can't overcome.  The threat of DRM is why we
+have established the <a href="http://DefectiveByDesign.org";>
+Defective by Design</a> campaign.</p>
+
+<p>
+When this story was first written, the SPA was threatening small
+Internet service providers, demanding they permit the SPA to monitor
+all users.  Most ISPs surrendered when threatened, because they cannot
+afford to fight back in court.  One ISP, Community ConneXion in
+Oakland, California, refused the demand and was actually sued.  The
+SPA later dropped the suit, but obtained the DMCA, which gave them the
+power they sought.</p>
+
+<p>
+The SPA, which actually stands for Software Publishers Association,
+has been replaced in its police-like role by the Business
+Software Alliance.  The BSA is not, today, an official police force;
+unofficially, it acts like one.  Using methods reminiscent of the
+erstwhile Soviet Union, it invites people to inform on their coworkers
+and friends.  A BSA terror campaign in Argentina in 2001 made
+slightly veiled threats that people sharing software would be raped.</p>
+
+<p>
+The university security policies described above are not imaginary.
+For example, a computer at one Chicago-area university displayed this
+message upon login:</p>
+
+<blockquote><p>
+This system is for the use of authorized users only.  Individuals using
+this computer system without authority or in the excess of their authority
+are subject to having all their activities on this system monitored and
+recorded by system personnel.  In the course of monitoring individuals
+improperly using this system or in the course of system maintenance, the
+activities of authorized user may also be monitored.  Anyone using this
+system expressly consents to such monitoring and is advised that if such
+monitoring reveals possible evidence of illegal activity or violation of
+University regulations system personnel may provide the evidence of such
+monitoring to University authorities and/or law enforcement officials.
+</p></blockquote>
+
+<p>
+This is an interesting approach to the Fourth Amendment: pressure most
+everyone to agree, in advance, to waive their rights under it.</p>
+
+<h3 id="BadNews">Bad News</h3>
+
+<p>
+The battle for the right to read is already in progress,
+The enemy is organized, while we are not, so it is going against us.
+Here are articles about bad things that have happened since the
+original publication of this article.</p>
+
+<ul>
+<li>Today's commercial ebooks <a href="/philosophy/the-danger-of-ebooks.html">
+     abolish readers' traditional freedoms.</a></li>
+<li><a href="http://www.nature.com/nature_education/biology.html";>
+     A "biology textbook" web site</a> that you can access only by signing
+     a <a href="http://www.nature.com/principles/viewTermsOfUse";>
+     contract not to lend it to anyone else</a>, which the publisher can
+     revoke at will.</li>
+<li><a href="http://news.zdnet.com/2100-9595_22-103151.html";>Electronic
+     Publishing:</a> An article about distribution of books in
+     electronic form, and copyright issues affecting the right to read
+     a copy.</li>
+<li><a 
href="http://channels.microsoft.com/presspass/press/1999/Aug99/SeyboldPR.asp";>Books
+     inside Computers:</a> Software to control who can read
+     books and documents on a PC.</li>
+</ul>
+
+<p>If we want to stop the bad news and create some good news, we need
+to organize and fight.  The
+FSF's <a href="http://defectivebydesign.org";> Defective by Design</a>
+campaign has made a start &mdash; subscribe to the campaign's mailing
+list to lend a hand.  And <a href="http://www.fsf.org/associate";>join
+the FSF</a> to help fund our work.
+</p>
+
+<h3 id="References">References</h3>
+
+<ul>
+  <li>The administration's &ldquo;White Paper&rdquo;: Information
+       Infrastructure Task Force, Intellectual Property [<a
+       href="/philosophy/not-ipr.html">sic</a>] and the
+       National Information Infrastructure: The Report of the Working
+       Group on Intellectual Property [sic] Rights (1995).</li>
+
+  <li><a href="http://www.wired.com/wired/archive/4.01/white.paper_pr.html";>An
+       explanation of the White Paper:
+       The Copyright Grab</a>, Pamela Samuelson, Wired, Jan. 1996</li>
+
+  <li><a href="http://www.law.duke.edu/boylesite/sold_out.htm";>Sold Out</a>,
+       James Boyle, New York Times, 31 March 1996</li>
+
+  <li><a 
href="http://www.interesting-people.org/archives/interesting-people/199611/msg00012.html";>Public
 Data or Private Data</a>, 
+       Washington Post, 4 Nov 1996. </li>
+
+  <li><a href="http://www.public-domain.org/";>Union for the Public
+       Domain</a>&mdash;an organization which aims to resist and
+       reverse the overextension of copyright and patent powers.</li>
+</ul>
+
+<hr />
+<h4>This essay is published
+in <a href="http://shop.fsf.org/product/free-software-free-society/";><cite>Free
+Software, Free Society: The Selected Essays of Richard
+M. Stallman</cite></a>.</h4>
+
+<p><strong>Other Texts to Read</strong></p>
+
+<ul>
+       <li><a href="/philosophy/philosophy.html">Philosophy of the
+       GNU Project</a></li>
+       <li><a 
href="http://www.computerworld.com/managementtopics/management/opinion/story/0,10801,49358,00.html";
+               id="COPYPROCTECTION">Copy Protection: Just Say No</a>,
+               Published in Computer World.</li>
+</ul>
+
+</div>
+
+<!--#include virtual="/server/footer.html" -->
+<div id="footer">
+
+<p>
+Please send FSF &amp; GNU inquiries to 
+<a href="mailto:address@hidden";>&lt;address@hidden&gt;</a>.
+There are also <a href="/contact/">other ways to contact</a> 
+the FSF.
+<br />
+Please send broken links and other corrections or suggestions to
+<a href="mailto:address@hidden";>&lt;address@hidden&gt;</a>.
+</p>
+
+<p>
+Please see the 
+<a href="/server/standards/README.translations.html">Translations
+README</a> for information on coordinating and submitting
+translations of this article.
+</p>
+
+<p>
+Copyright &copy; 1996, 2002, 2007, 2009, 2010 Richard Stallman
+<br />
+This page is licensed under a <a rel="license"
+href="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nd/3.0/us/";>Creative
+Commons Attribution-NoDerivs 3.0 United States License</a>.
+</p>
+
+<p>
+Updated:
+<!-- timestamp start -->
+$Date: 2012/01/13 17:26:26 $
+<!-- timestamp end -->
+</p>
+</div>
+
+<!-- <div id="translations"> -->
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+<!-- If you add a new language here, please -->
+<!-- advise address@hidden and add it to -->
+<!--  - /home/www/html/server/standards/README.translations.html -->
+<!--  - one of the lists under the section "Translations Underway" -->
+<!--  - if there is a translation team, you also have to add an alias -->
+<!--  to mail.gnu.org:/com/mailer/aliases -->
+<!-- Please also check you have the language code right; see: -->
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+<!-- <li><a 
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+<!-- German -->
+<!-- <li><a 
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+<!-- English -->
+<!-- <li><a href="/philosophy/right-to-read.html">English</a>&nbsp;[en]</li> 
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+<!-- Spanish -->
+<!-- <li><a 
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+<!-- Farsi (Persian) -->
+<!-- <li><a 
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+<!-- <li><a href="/philosophy/right-to-read.fi.html">suomi</a>&nbsp;[fi]</li> 
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+<!-- Hebrew -->
+<!-- <li><a 
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+<!-- Russian -->
+<!-- <li><a 
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