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www gnu/gnu-history.es.html gnu/po/gnu-history....
|
From: |
Yavor Doganov |
|
Subject: |
www gnu/gnu-history.es.html gnu/po/gnu-history.... |
|
Date: |
Sat, 09 Jul 2011 16:28:53 +0000 |
CVSROOT: /web/www
Module name: www
Changes by: Yavor Doganov <yavor> 11/07/09 16:28:53
Modified files:
gnu : gnu-history.es.html
gnu/po : gnu-history.es.po thegnuproject.ca.po
thegnuproject.el.po thegnuproject.es.po
thegnuproject.fr.po thegnuproject.it.po
thegnuproject.pl.po thegnuproject.pot
thegnuproject.sq.po thegnuproject.tr.po
philosophy/po : the-danger-of-ebooks.de.po
Added files:
philosophy : the-danger-of-ebooks.de.html
Log message:
Automatic update by GNUnited Nations.
CVSWeb URLs:
http://web.cvs.savannah.gnu.org/viewcvs/www/gnu/gnu-history.es.html?cvsroot=www&r1=1.18&r2=1.19
http://web.cvs.savannah.gnu.org/viewcvs/www/gnu/po/gnu-history.es.po?cvsroot=www&r1=1.10&r2=1.11
http://web.cvs.savannah.gnu.org/viewcvs/www/gnu/po/thegnuproject.ca.po?cvsroot=www&r1=1.8&r2=1.9
http://web.cvs.savannah.gnu.org/viewcvs/www/gnu/po/thegnuproject.el.po?cvsroot=www&r1=1.16&r2=1.17
http://web.cvs.savannah.gnu.org/viewcvs/www/gnu/po/thegnuproject.es.po?cvsroot=www&r1=1.17&r2=1.18
http://web.cvs.savannah.gnu.org/viewcvs/www/gnu/po/thegnuproject.fr.po?cvsroot=www&r1=1.15&r2=1.16
http://web.cvs.savannah.gnu.org/viewcvs/www/gnu/po/thegnuproject.it.po?cvsroot=www&r1=1.18&r2=1.19
http://web.cvs.savannah.gnu.org/viewcvs/www/gnu/po/thegnuproject.pl.po?cvsroot=www&r1=1.2&r2=1.3
http://web.cvs.savannah.gnu.org/viewcvs/www/gnu/po/thegnuproject.pot?cvsroot=www&r1=1.10&r2=1.11
http://web.cvs.savannah.gnu.org/viewcvs/www/gnu/po/thegnuproject.sq.po?cvsroot=www&r1=1.6&r2=1.7
http://web.cvs.savannah.gnu.org/viewcvs/www/gnu/po/thegnuproject.tr.po?cvsroot=www&r1=1.7&r2=1.8
http://web.cvs.savannah.gnu.org/viewcvs/www/philosophy/the-danger-of-ebooks.de.html?cvsroot=www&rev=1.1
http://web.cvs.savannah.gnu.org/viewcvs/www/philosophy/po/the-danger-of-ebooks.de.po?cvsroot=www&r1=1.1&r2=1.2
Patches:
Index: gnu/gnu-history.es.html
===================================================================
RCS file: /web/www/www/gnu/gnu-history.es.html,v
retrieving revision 1.18
retrieving revision 1.19
diff -u -b -r1.18 -r1.19
--- gnu/gnu-history.es.html 3 Jul 2011 16:28:42 -0000 1.18
+++ gnu/gnu-history.es.html 9 Jul 2011 16:28:40 -0000 1.19
@@ -24,7 +24,7 @@
<p>
El nombre «GNU» se eligió porqué satisfacÃa unos cuantos requisitos. En
-primer lugar, era un acrónimo recursivo para «GNU No es Linux». En segundo
+primer lugar, era un acrónimo recursivo para «GNU No es Unix». En segundo
lugar, era una palabra real. Por último, era divertido de decir (o <a
href="http://www.poppyfields.net/poppy/songs/gnu.html"; >cantar</a>).</p>
@@ -169,7 +169,7 @@
<!-- timestamp start -->
Ãltima actualización:
-$Date: 2011/07/03 16:28:42 $
+$Date: 2011/07/09 16:28:40 $
<!-- timestamp end -->
</p>
Index: gnu/po/gnu-history.es.po
===================================================================
RCS file: /web/www/www/gnu/po/gnu-history.es.po,v
retrieving revision 1.10
retrieving revision 1.11
diff -u -b -r1.10 -r1.11
Index: gnu/po/thegnuproject.ca.po
===================================================================
RCS file: /web/www/www/gnu/po/thegnuproject.ca.po,v
retrieving revision 1.8
retrieving revision 1.9
diff -u -b -r1.8 -r1.9
--- gnu/po/thegnuproject.ca.po 13 Nov 2010 01:28:46 -0000 1.8
+++ gnu/po/thegnuproject.ca.po 9 Jul 2011 16:28:44 -0000 1.9
@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@
msgid ""
msgstr ""
"Project-Id-Version: thegnuproject.ca\n"
-"POT-Creation-Date: 2010-11-12 20:27-0500\n"
+"POT-Creation-Date: 2011-07-09 12:28-0300\n"
"PO-Revision-Date: 2009-06-30 18:20+0200\n"
"Last-Translator: Miquel Puigpelat <address@hidden>\n"
"Language-Team: Catalan <address@hidden>\n"
@@ -15,20 +15,24 @@
"Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit\n"
# type: Content of: <title>
+#. type: Content of: <title>
msgid "About the GNU Project - GNU Project - Free Software Foundation (FSF)"
msgstr ""
"Sobre el Projecte GNU Project - Projecte GNU - Free Software Foundation (FSF)"
# type: Attribute 'content' of: <meta>
+#. type: Attribute 'content' of: <meta>
msgid "GNU, GNU Project, FSF, Free Software, Free Software Foundation, History"
msgstr ""
"GNU, Projecte GNU, FSF, Programari lliure, Free Software Foundation,
Història"
# type: Content of: <h2>
+#. type: Content of: <h2>
msgid "The GNU Project"
msgstr "El Projecte GNU"
# type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <p>
msgid ""
"by <a href=\"http://www.stallman.org/\";><strong>Richard Stallman</strong></a>"
msgstr ""
@@ -36,6 +40,7 @@
"a>"
# type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <p>
#, fuzzy
#| msgid "originally published in the book “Open Sources”"
msgid ""
@@ -43,10 +48,12 @@
msgstr "publicat originalment al llibre \"Open Sources\""
# type: Content of: <h3>
+#. type: Content of: <h3>
msgid "The first software-sharing community"
msgstr "La primera comunitat per a compartir programari"
# type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <p>
#, fuzzy
#| msgid ""
#| "When I started working at the <abbr title=\"Massachusetts Institute of "
@@ -72,6 +79,7 @@
"majoria."
# type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <p>
#, fuzzy
#| msgid ""
#| "The AI Lab used a timesharing operating system called <abbr title="
@@ -97,6 +105,7 @@
"la meva feina era millorar el sistema."
# type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <p>
msgid ""
"We did not call our software “free software”, because that term "
"did not yet exist; but that is what it was. Whenever people from another "
@@ -113,6 +122,7 @@
"llegir-lo, o reutilitzar-ne algunes parts per a fer un nou programa. "
# type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <p>
#, fuzzy
#| msgid ""
#| "(1) The use of “hacker” to mean “security "
@@ -135,10 +145,12 @@
"emprant-la de manera intel·ligent.\" "
# type: Content of: <h3>
+#. type: Content of: <h3>
msgid "The collapse of the community"
msgstr "El col·lapse de la comunitat"
# type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <p>
#, fuzzy
#| msgid ""
#| "The situation changed drastically in the early 1980s when Digital "
@@ -160,6 +172,7 @@
"programes escrits per a ITS esdevingueren obsolets. "
# type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <p>
#, fuzzy
#| msgid ""
#| "The AI lab hacker community had already collapsed, not long before. In "
@@ -188,6 +201,7 @@
"de temps no lliure de Digital en comptes del ITS."
# type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <p>
msgid ""
"The modern computers of the era, such as the VAX or the 68020, had their own "
"operating systems, but none of them were free software: you had to sign a "
@@ -199,6 +213,7 @@
"l'executable."
# type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <p>
msgid ""
"This meant that the first step in using a computer was to promise not to "
"help your neighbor. A cooperating community was forbidden. The rule made "
@@ -212,6 +227,7 @@
"uns pirates. Si feu voleu cap canvi, demaneu-nos que el fem\"."
# type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <p>
#, fuzzy
#| msgid ""
#| "The idea that the proprietary-software social system—the system "
@@ -245,6 +261,7 @@
"per tal de convèncer a la gent que és l'única manera de veure el tema. "
# type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <p>
#, fuzzy
#| msgid ""
#| "When software publishers talk about “enforcing” their “"
@@ -268,6 +285,7 @@
"doncs a examinar-los."
# type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <p>
msgid ""
"One assumption is that software companies have an unquestionable natural "
"right to own software and thus have power over all its users. (If this were "
@@ -286,6 +304,7 @@
"usuaris. "
# type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <p>
msgid ""
"Another unstated assumption is that the only important thing about software "
"is what jobs it allows you to do—that we computer users should not "
@@ -297,6 +316,7 @@
"tipus de societat que ens està permès de tenir."
# type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <p>
msgid ""
"A third assumption is that we would have no usable software (or would never "
"have a program to do this or that particular job) if we did not offer a "
@@ -311,6 +331,7 @@
"pot tenir qualsevol programari sense haver d'imposar restriccions."
# type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <p>
#, fuzzy
#| msgid ""
#| "If we decline to accept these assumptions, and judge these issues based "
@@ -333,6 +354,7 @@
"és la base de la societat."
# type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <p>
msgid ""
"There is no room here for an extensive statement of the reasoning behind "
"this conclusion, so I refer the reader to the web page, <a href=\"/"
@@ -344,10 +366,12 @@
"www.gnu.org/philosophy/why-free.ca.html</a>."
# type: Content of: <h3>
+#. type: Content of: <h3>
msgid "A stark moral choice."
msgstr "Un dur dilema moral."
# type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <p>
msgid ""
"With my community gone, to continue as before was impossible. Instead, I "
"faced a stark moral choice."
@@ -356,6 +380,7 @@
"Em vaig plantejar llavors un dur dilema moral."
# type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <p>
msgid ""
"The easy choice was to join the proprietary software world, signing "
"nondisclosure agreements and promising not to help my fellow hacker. Most "
@@ -370,6 +395,7 @@
"la resta de gent a trair els seus companys."
# type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <p>
msgid ""
"I could have made money this way, and perhaps amused myself writing code. "
"But I knew that at the end of my career, I would look back on years of "
@@ -382,6 +408,7 @@
"m'hauria passat la vida fent el món una mica pitjor del que és."
# type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <p>
#, fuzzy
#| msgid ""
#| "I had already experienced being on the receiving end of a nondisclosure "
@@ -408,6 +435,7 @@
"quan van rebutjar de compartir el codi; no podria fer jo el mateix a algú. "
# type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <p>
msgid ""
"Another choice, straightforward but unpleasant, was to leave the computer "
"field. That way my skills would not be misused, but they would still be "
@@ -420,6 +448,7 @@
"de restringir-los els drets, però no podria fer-hi res. "
# type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <p>
msgid ""
"So I looked for a way that a programmer could do something for the good. I "
"asked myself, was there a program or programs that I could write, so as to "
@@ -430,6 +459,7 @@
"de refer la comunitat."
# type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <p>
msgid ""
"The answer was clear: what was needed first was an operating system. That "
"is the crucial software for starting to use a computer. With an operating "
@@ -447,6 +477,7 @@
"sense que el seu ús provoqués una pèrdua de drets dels seus companys."
# type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <p>
#, fuzzy
#| msgid ""
#| "As an operating system developer, I had the right skills for this job. "
@@ -472,6 +503,7 @@
"acrònim recursiu que significa \"GNU's Not Unix\"."
# type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <p>
#, fuzzy
#| msgid ""
#| "An operating system does not mean just a kernel, barely enough to run "
@@ -495,18 +527,24 @@
"duia. El sistema operatiu GNU també els havia de dur."
# type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <p>
msgid "Later I heard these words, attributed to Hillel (1):"
msgstr "Més tard vaig escoltar aquests versos, atribuïts a Hillel (1):"
-# type: Content of: <blockquote><p>
-msgid ""
-"If I am not for myself, who will be for me?<br /> If I am only for myself, "
-"what am I?<br /> If not now, when?"
+#. type: Content of: <blockquote><p>
+msgid "If I am not for myself, who will be for me?"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <blockquote><p>
+msgid "If I am only for myself, what am I?"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <blockquote><p>
+msgid "If not now, when?"
msgstr ""
-"If I am not for myself, who will be for me?<br /> If I am only for myself, "
-"what am I?<br /> If not now, when?"
# type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <p>
#, fuzzy
#| msgid "The decision to start the GNU project was based on a similar spirit."
msgid "The decision to start the GNU Project was based on a similar spirit."
@@ -514,6 +552,7 @@
"La decisió de començar el projecte GNU estava basada en un esperit similar."
# type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <p>
msgid ""
"(1) As an Atheist, I don't follow any religious leaders, but I sometimes "
"find I admire something one of them has said."
@@ -522,10 +561,12 @@
"vegades admiro algunes coses del que diuen."
# type: Content of: <h3>
+#. type: Content of: <h3>
msgid "Free as in freedom"
msgstr "Lliure com a llibertat"
# type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <p>
#, fuzzy
#| msgid ""
#| "The term “free software” is sometimes misunderstood—it "
@@ -543,16 +584,19 @@
"usuaris particulars, si:"
# type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <p>
msgid "A program is free software, for you, a particular user, if:"
msgstr ""
# type: Content of: <ul><li>
+#. type: Content of: <ul><li>
#, fuzzy
#| msgid "You have the freedom to run the program, for any purpose."
msgid "You have the freedom to run the program as you wish, for any purpose."
msgstr "Teniu el dret a executar el programa, sigui el motiu que sigui."
# type: Content of: <ul><li>
+#. type: Content of: <ul><li>
msgid ""
"You have the freedom to modify the program to suit your needs. (To make "
"this freedom effective in practice, you must have access to the source code, "
@@ -565,6 +609,7 @@
"extremadament difÃcil)."
# type: Content of: <ul><li>
+#. type: Content of: <ul><li>
msgid ""
"You have the freedom to redistribute copies, either gratis or for a fee."
msgstr ""
@@ -572,6 +617,7 @@
"elles."
# type: Content of: <ul><li>
+#. type: Content of: <ul><li>
msgid ""
"You have the freedom to distribute modified versions of the program, so that "
"the community can benefit from your improvements."
@@ -580,6 +626,7 @@
"comunitat pot beneficiar-se de les vostres millores."
# type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <p>
msgid ""
"Since “free” refers to freedom, not to price, there is no "
"contradiction between selling copies and free software. In fact, the "
@@ -597,6 +644,7 @@
"és un programa lliure."
# type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <p>
#, fuzzy
#| msgid ""
#| "Because of the ambiguity of “free”, people have long looked "
@@ -624,10 +672,12 @@
"tenen o bé un significat dubtós o algun altre desavantatge."
# type: Content of: <h3>
+#. type: Content of: <h3>
msgid "GNU software and the GNU system"
msgstr "El programari GNU i el sistema GNU"
# type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <p>
msgid ""
"Developing a whole system is a very large project. To bring it into reach, "
"I decided to adapt and use existing pieces of free software wherever that "
@@ -643,6 +693,7 @@
"comptes de qualsevol altre per al sistema GNU."
# type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <p>
msgid ""
"Because of this decision, the GNU system is not the same as the collection "
"of all GNU software. The GNU system includes programs that are not GNU "
@@ -655,10 +706,12 @@
"utilitzem pel fet de què són programes lliures."
# type: Content of: <h3>
+#. type: Content of: <h3>
msgid "Commencing the project"
msgstr "Arrencada del projecte"
# type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <p>
#, fuzzy
#| msgid ""
#| "In January 1984 I quit my job at <abbr>MIT</abbr> and began writing GNU "
@@ -690,6 +743,7 @@
"original: crear una nova comunitat de compartició del programari."
# type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <p>
#, fuzzy
#| msgid ""
#| "However, Professor Winston, then the head of the <abbr>MIT</abbr> AI Lab, "
@@ -703,10 +757,12 @@
"sempre que ho volgués."
# type: Content of: <h3>
+#. type: Content of: <h3>
msgid "The first steps"
msgstr "Les primeres passes"
# type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <p>
#, fuzzy
#| msgid ""
#| "Shortly before beginning the GNU project, I heard about the Free "
@@ -729,6 +785,7 @@
"fer-lo servir."
# type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <p>
#, fuzzy
#| msgid ""
#| "He responded derisively, stating that the university was free but the "
@@ -744,6 +801,7 @@
"del projecte GNU fos un compilador multillenguatge i multiplataforma."
# type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <p>
#, fuzzy
#| msgid ""
#| "Hoping to avoid the need to write the whole compiler myself, I obtained "
@@ -775,6 +833,7 @@
"disponible al Unix 68000 només permetia 64k. "
# type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <p>
msgid ""
"I then realized that the Pastel compiler functioned by parsing the entire "
"input file into a syntax tree, converting the whole syntax tree into a chain "
@@ -795,10 +854,12 @@
"Però això fou anys més tard; abans, vaig treballar amb el GNU Emacs."
# type: Content of: <h3>
+#. type: Content of: <h3>
msgid "GNU Emacs"
msgstr "GNU Emacs"
# type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <p>
msgid ""
"I began work on GNU Emacs in September 1984, and in early 1985 it was "
"beginning to be usable. This enabled me to begin using Unix systems to do "
@@ -811,6 +872,7 @@
"utilitzar vi o ed, havia fet l'edició en altres mà quines fins llavors."
# type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <p>
msgid ""
"At this point, people began wanting to use GNU Emacs, which raised the "
"question of how to distribute it. Of course, I put it on the anonymous ftp "
@@ -831,6 +893,7 @@
"Per tant el dubte era: com fer-los saber de la seva existència?"
# type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <p>
#, fuzzy
#| msgid ""
#| "I could have said, “Find a friend who is on the net and who will "
@@ -864,10 +927,12 @@
"basats en Linux."
# type: Content of: <h3>
+#. type: Content of: <h3>
msgid "Is a program free for every user?"
msgstr "Ãs un programa lliure per a tots els usuaris?"
# type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <p>
msgid ""
"If a program is free software when it leaves the hands of its author, this "
"does not necessarily mean it will be free software for everyone who has a "
@@ -888,6 +953,7 @@
"permissives que permeten versions modificades propietà ries."
# type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <p>
#, fuzzy
#| msgid ""
#| "The paradigmatic example of this problem is the X Window System. "
@@ -912,6 +978,7 @@
"de ser el Unix."
# type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <p>
#, fuzzy
#| msgid ""
#| "The developers of the X Window System did not consider this a "
@@ -931,6 +998,7 @@
"si aquests usuaris disposarien de drets; només de què fossin nombrosos."
# type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <p>
#, fuzzy
#| msgid ""
#| "This led to a paradoxical situation where two different ways of counting "
@@ -959,10 +1027,12 @@
"Unix, no la versió lliure."
# type: Content of: <h3>
+#. type: Content of: <h3>
msgid "Copyleft and the GNU GPL"
msgstr "Copyleft i la GPL del GNU"
# type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <p>
msgid ""
"The goal of GNU was to give users freedom, not just to be popular. So we "
"needed to use distribution terms that would prevent GNU software from being "
@@ -975,6 +1045,7 @@
"Aquest mètode que utilitzem és anomenat \"copyleft\".(1) "
# type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <p>
#, fuzzy
#| msgid ""
#| "Copyleft uses copyright law, but flips it over to serve the opposite of "
@@ -991,6 +1062,7 @@
"lliure."
# type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <p>
msgid ""
"The central idea of copyleft is that we give everyone permission to run the "
"program, copy the program, modify the program, and distribute modified "
@@ -1005,6 +1077,7 @@
"que tingui una còpia. Són drets inalienables."
# type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <p>
msgid ""
"For an effective copyleft, modified versions must also be free. This "
"ensures that work based on ours becomes available to our community if it is "
@@ -1022,6 +1095,7 @@
"programa.\""
# type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <p>
msgid ""
"The requirement that changes must be free is essential if we want to ensure "
"freedom for every user of the program. The companies that privatized the X "
@@ -1039,6 +1113,7 @@
"prendre avantatge d'aquesta excusa."
# type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <p>
#, fuzzy
#| msgid ""
#| "A related issue concerns combining a free program with non-free code. "
@@ -1066,6 +1141,7 @@
"copyleft ha de donar lloc a una versió lliure i amb copyleft."
# type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <p>
msgid ""
"The specific implementation of copyleft that we use for most GNU software is "
"the GNU General Public License, or GNU GPL for short. We have other kinds "
@@ -1081,6 +1157,7 @@
"manuals. (2)"
# type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <p>
msgid ""
"(1) In 1984 or 1985, Don Hopkins (a very imaginative fellow) mailed me a "
"letter. On the envelope he had written several amusing sayings, including "
@@ -1094,6 +1171,7 @@
"nombrar el concepte de distribució que estava desenvolupant en aquell
moment."
# type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <p>
msgid ""
"(2) We now use the <a href=\"/licenses/fdl.html\">GNU Free Documentation "
"License</a> for documentation."
@@ -1102,10 +1180,12 @@
"Documentació Lliure de GNU</a> per a la documentació."
# type: Content of: <h3>
+#. type: Content of: <h3>
msgid "The Free Software Foundation"
msgstr "La Free Software Foundation"
# type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <p>
#, fuzzy
#| msgid ""
#| "As interest in using Emacs was growing, other people became involved in "
@@ -1133,6 +1213,7 @@
"programari lliure (bé GNU o no GNU) ) i la venda de manuals lliures. "
# type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <p>
#, fuzzy
#| msgid ""
#| "The <abbr>FSF</abbr> accepts donations, but most of its income has always "
@@ -1159,6 +1240,7 @@
"programari)"
# type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <p>
#, fuzzy
#| msgid ""
#| "Free Software Foundation employees have written and maintained a number "
@@ -1187,6 +1269,7 @@
"Brian Fox, treballador de la FSF."
# type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <p>
#, fuzzy
#| msgid ""
#| "We funded development of these programs because the GNU project was not "
@@ -1203,6 +1286,7 @@
"assolir aquest objectiu."
# type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <p>
msgid ""
"(1) “Bourne Again Shell” is a play on the name “Bourne "
"Shell”, which was the usual shell on Unix."
@@ -1211,10 +1295,12 @@
"shell usual a Unix."
# type: Content of: <h3>
+#. type: Content of: <h3>
msgid "Free software support"
msgstr "Suport al programari lliure"
# type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <p>
msgid ""
"The free software philosophy rejects a specific widespread business "
"practice, but it is not against business. When businesses respect the "
@@ -1225,6 +1311,7 @@
"empreses respecten els drets dels usuaris els desitgem sort."
# type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <p>
#, fuzzy
#| msgid ""
#| "Selling copies of Emacs demonstrates one kind of free software business. "
@@ -1250,6 +1337,7 @@
"programari (portar GCC a noves plataformes)."
# type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <p>
msgid ""
"Today each of these kinds of free software business is practiced by a number "
"of corporations. Some distribute free software collections on CD-ROM; "
@@ -1265,6 +1353,7 @@
"programari lliure basades en llençar nous productes de programari."
# type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <p>
#, fuzzy
#| msgid ""
#| "Watch out, though—a number of companies that associate themselves "
@@ -1295,10 +1384,12 @@
"\"limitadors de drets\"."
# type: Content of: <h3>
+#. type: Content of: <h3>
msgid "Technical goals"
msgstr "Objectius tècnics"
# type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <p>
#, fuzzy
#| msgid ""
#| "The principal goal of GNU was to be free software. Even if GNU had no "
@@ -1316,6 +1407,7 @@
"avantatges de tipus ètic al respectar els drets dels usuaris."
# type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <p>
msgid ""
"But it was natural to apply the known standards of good practice to the "
"work—for example, dynamically allocating data structures to avoid "
@@ -1328,6 +1420,7 @@
"on això tingués sentit."
# type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <p>
msgid ""
"In addition, we rejected the Unix focus on small memory size, by deciding "
"not to support 16-bit machines (it was clear that 32-bit machines would be "
@@ -1346,6 +1439,7 @@
"escanejar els seus components sense haver-se de preocupar de l'E/S. "
# type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <p>
msgid ""
"These decisions enabled many GNU programs to surpass their Unix counterparts "
"in reliability and speed."
@@ -1354,10 +1448,12 @@
"homònims Unix en fiabilitat i velocitat."
# type: Content of: <h3>
+#. type: Content of: <h3>
msgid "Donated computers"
msgstr "Ordinadors donats"
# type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <p>
#, fuzzy
#| msgid ""
#| "As the GNU project's reputation grew, people began offering to donate "
@@ -1380,6 +1476,7 @@
"qüestió ètica: si era lÃcit utilitzar el Unix."
# type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <p>
#, fuzzy
#| msgid ""
#| "Unix was (and is) proprietary software, and the GNU project's philosophy "
@@ -1405,6 +1502,7 @@
"propietari."
# type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <p>
msgid ""
"But, even if this was a justifiable evil, it was still an evil. Today we no "
"longer have any copies of Unix, because we have replaced them with free "
@@ -1417,10 +1515,12 @@
"canviem la mà quina."
# type: Content of: <h3>
+#. type: Content of: <h3>
msgid "The GNU Task List"
msgstr "La llista de tasques del GNU"
# type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <p>
#, fuzzy
#| msgid ""
#| "As the GNU project proceeded, and increasing numbers of system components "
@@ -1448,6 +1548,7 @@
"creiem, un sistema operatiu complet havia de tenir."
# type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <p>
#, fuzzy
#| msgid ""
#| "Today, hardly any Unix components are left in the GNU task list—"
@@ -1470,6 +1571,7 @@
"operatiu."
# type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <p>
msgid ""
"Even games are included in the task list—and have been since the "
"beginning. Unix included games, so naturally GNU should too. But "
@@ -1484,6 +1586,7 @@
"diferents tipus de jocs als que els usuaris els agradaria."
# type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <p>
msgid ""
"(1) That was written in 1998. In 2009 we no longer maintain a long task "
"list. The community develops free software so fast that we can't even keep "
@@ -1492,10 +1595,12 @@
msgstr ""
# type: Content of: <h3>
+#. type: Content of: <h3>
msgid "The GNU Library GPL"
msgstr "La GPL per a Biblioteques de GNU"
# type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <p>
msgid ""
"The GNU C library uses a special kind of copyleft called the GNU Library "
"General Public License(1), which gives permission to link proprietary "
@@ -1507,6 +1612,7 @@
"excepció?"
# type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <p>
msgid ""
"It is not a matter of principle; there is no principle that says proprietary "
"software products are entitled to include our code. (Why contribute to a "
@@ -1520,6 +1626,7 @@
"biblioteca, és una qüestió d'estratègia."
# type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <p>
msgid ""
"The C library does a generic job; every proprietary system or compiler comes "
"with a C library. Therefore, to make our C library available only to free "
@@ -1532,6 +1639,7 @@
"lliure cap avantatge (només n'hauria desincentivat l'ús)"
# type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <p>
#, fuzzy
#| msgid ""
#| "One system is an exception to this: on the GNU system (and this includes "
@@ -1560,6 +1668,7 @@
"comptes d'incentivar el desenvolupament d'aplicacions lliures."
# type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <p>
#, fuzzy
#| msgid ""
#| "That is why using the Library GPL is a good strategy for the C library. "
@@ -1585,6 +1694,7 @@
"lliure, donant-los un avantatge respecte el programari propietari."
# type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <p>
#, fuzzy
#| msgid ""
#| "Consider GNU Readline, a library that was developed to provide command-"
@@ -1610,6 +1720,7 @@
"guany real per a la comunitat."
# type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <p>
msgid ""
"Proprietary software developers have the advantages money provides; free "
"software developers need to make advantages for each other. I hope some day "
@@ -1627,20 +1738,29 @@
"desenvolupament de més programari lliure."
# type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "(1) This license is now called the GNU Lesser General Public License, to "
+#| "avoid giving the idea that all libraries ought to use it. <a href=\"/"
+#| "philosophy/why-not-lgpl.html\"></a>."
msgid ""
"(1) This license is now called the GNU Lesser General Public License, to "
-"avoid giving the idea that all libraries ought to use it. <a href=\"/"
-"philosophy/why-not-lgpl.html\"></a>."
+"avoid giving the idea that all libraries ought to use it. See <a href=\"/"
+"philosophy/why-not-lgpl.html\">Why you shouldn't use the Lesser GPL for your "
+"next library</a> for more information."
msgstr ""
"(1) Aquesta llicència s'anomena ara Llicència Pública General Reduïda de "
"GNU, per no donar la idea que totes les biblioteques hagin d'utilitzar-la. "
"<a href=\"/philosophy/why-not-lgpl.html\"></a>."
# type: Content of: <h3>
+#. type: Content of: <h3>
msgid "Scratching an itch?"
msgstr "Una tasca improvisada?"
# type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <p>
msgid ""
"Eric Raymond says that “Every good work of software starts by "
"scratching a developer's personal itch.” Maybe that happens sometimes, "
@@ -1656,6 +1776,7 @@
"espontani."
# type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <p>
#, fuzzy
#| msgid ""
#| "For example, we developed the GNU C library because a Unix-like system "
@@ -1676,6 +1797,7 @@
"meus propis programes, el compilador GNU C, el GNU Emacs, GDB i el GNU Make."
# type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <p>
#, fuzzy
#| msgid ""
#| "Some GNU programs were developed to cope with specific threats to our "
@@ -1709,6 +1831,7 @@
"privacitat i llibertat."
# type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <p>
msgid ""
"Of course, the people writing these programs became interested in the work, "
"and many features were added to them by various people for the sake of their "
@@ -1720,10 +1843,12 @@
"programes existeixen."
# type: Content of: <h3>
+#. type: Content of: <h3>
msgid "Unexpected developments"
msgstr "Successos inesperats"
# type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <p>
#, fuzzy
#| msgid ""
#| "At the beginning of the GNU project, I imagined that we would develop the "
@@ -1738,6 +1863,7 @@
"realitat."
# type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <p>
#, fuzzy
#| msgid ""
#| "Since each component of the GNU system was implemented on a Unix system, "
@@ -1759,6 +1885,7 @@
"versions de Unix incompatibles entre elles i a d'altres sistemes."
# type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <p>
#, fuzzy
#| msgid ""
#| "The process made these programs much more powerful, and attracted both "
@@ -1783,10 +1910,12 @@
"disponible per a escriure components que faltaven. "
# type: Content of: <h3>
+#. type: Content of: <h3>
msgid "The GNU Hurd"
msgstr "El GNU Hurd"
# type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <p>
#, fuzzy
#| msgid ""
#| "By 1990, the GNU system was almost complete; the only major missing "
@@ -1818,6 +1947,7 @@
"havien promès."
# type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <p>
#, fuzzy
#| msgid ""
#| "One reason for choosing this design was to avoid what seemed to be the "
@@ -1847,10 +1977,12 @@
"fiablement fou una tasca de força anys. "
# type: Content of: <h3>
+#. type: Content of: <h3>
msgid "Alix"
msgstr "Alix"
# type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <p>
#, fuzzy
#| msgid ""
#| "The GNU kernel was not originally supposed to be called the HURD. Its "
@@ -1877,6 +2009,7 @@
"treballava."
# type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <p>
#, fuzzy
#| msgid ""
#| "It did not stay that way. Michael Bushnell (now Thomas), the main "
@@ -1895,6 +2028,7 @@
"enviant missatges als servidors Hurd."
# type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <p>
#, fuzzy
#| msgid ""
#| "Ultimately, Alix and I broke up, and she changed her name; independently, "
@@ -1912,6 +2046,7 @@
"provocà que el component Alix desaparegués."
# type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <p>
#, fuzzy
#| msgid ""
#| "But before these things happened, a friend of hers came across the name "
@@ -1926,10 +2061,12 @@
"d'Alix al codi font de Hurd i li va esmentar. El nom va fer la seva tasca."
# type: Content of: <h3>
+#. type: Content of: <h3>
msgid "Linux and GNU/Linux"
msgstr "Linux i GNU/Linux"
# type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <p>
msgid ""
"The GNU Hurd is not suitable for production use, and we don't know if it "
"ever will be. The capability-based design has problems that result directly "
@@ -1937,6 +2074,7 @@
msgstr ""
# type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <p>
#, fuzzy
#| msgid ""
#| "The GNU Hurd is not ready for production use. Fortunately, another "
@@ -1961,6 +2099,7 @@
"realment podem executar una versió del sistema GNU actualment."
# type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <p>
msgid ""
"We call this system version GNU/Linux, to express its composition as a "
"combination of the GNU system with Linux as the kernel."
@@ -1969,10 +2108,12 @@
"composició com a combinació del sistema GNU amb el nucli Linux."
# type: Content of: <h3>
+#. type: Content of: <h3>
msgid "Challenges in our future"
msgstr " Desafiaments futurs"
# type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <p>
msgid ""
"We have proved our ability to develop a broad spectrum of free software. "
"This does not mean we are invincible and unstoppable. Several challenges "
@@ -1989,14 +2130,17 @@
"i no que deixa que ningú se la prengui."
# type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <p>
msgid "The following four sections discuss these challenges."
msgstr "Els propers quatre apartats parlen sobre aquestes amenaces."
# type: Content of: <h3>
+#. type: Content of: <h3>
msgid "Secret hardware"
msgstr " Especificacions secretes de maquinari"
# type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <p>
msgid ""
"Hardware manufacturers increasingly tend to keep hardware specifications "
"secret. This makes it difficult to write free drivers so that Linux and "
@@ -2010,6 +2154,7 @@
"els tinguem en un futur si no tenim suport per als ordinadors del demà ."
# type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <p>
msgid ""
"There are two ways to cope with this problem. Programmers can do reverse "
"engineering to figure out how to support the hardware. The rest of us can "
@@ -2023,6 +2168,7 @@
"ruïnosa."
# type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <p>
#, fuzzy
#| msgid ""
#| "Reverse engineering is a big job; will we have programmers with "
@@ -2047,6 +2193,7 @@
"llibertats és estesa. "
# type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <p>
msgid ""
"(2008 note: this issue extends to the BIOS as well. There is a free BIOS, "
"coreboot; the problem is getting specs for machines so that coreboot can "
@@ -2057,12 +2204,14 @@
"manera que pugui fer-les funcionar)"
# type: Content of: <h3>
+#. type: Content of: <h3>
#, fuzzy
#| msgid "Non-free libraries"
msgid "Nonfree libraries"
msgstr "Biblioteques no lliures"
# type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <p>
#, fuzzy
#| msgid ""
#| "A non-free library that runs on free operating systems acts as a trap for "
@@ -2092,6 +2241,7 @@
"esdevé popular, pot fer que altres programes caiguin a la mateixa trampa."
# type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <p>
#, fuzzy
#| msgid ""
#| "The first instance of this problem was the Motif toolkit, back in the "
@@ -2123,6 +2273,7 @@
"d'aplicacions Motif l'any 1997."
# type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <p>
#, fuzzy
#| msgid ""
#| "Between 1996 and 1998, another non-free <abbr title=\"Graphical User "
@@ -2140,6 +2291,7 @@
"lliure: l'escriptori KDE."
# type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <p>
#, fuzzy
#| msgid ""
#| "Free GNU/Linux systems were unable to use <acronym>KDE</acronym>, because "
@@ -2169,6 +2321,7 @@
"problema darrera d'això. Aquesta situació semblava complicada. "
# type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <p>
#, fuzzy
#| msgid ""
#| "The free software community responded to the problem in two ways: "
@@ -2181,6 +2334,7 @@
"alternatives: GNOME i Harmony."
# type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <p>
#, fuzzy
#| msgid ""
#| "<acronym>GNOME</acronym>, the GNU Network Object Model Environment, is "
@@ -2208,6 +2362,7 @@
"no lliure."
# type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <p>
#, fuzzy
#| msgid ""
#| "Harmony is a compatible replacement library, designed to make it possible "
@@ -2220,6 +2375,7 @@
"l'execució del programari KDE sense fer ús de Qt."
# type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <p>
#, fuzzy
#| msgid ""
#| "In November 1998, the developers of Qt announced a change of license "
@@ -2244,6 +2400,7 @@
"l'ús de Qt."
# type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <p>
msgid ""
"[Subsequent note: in September 2000, Qt was rereleased under the GNU GPL, "
"which essentially solved this problem.]"
@@ -2252,6 +2409,7 @@
"que essencialment va resoldre aquest problema.]"
# type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <p>
#, fuzzy
#| msgid ""
#| "How will we respond to the next tempting non-free library? Will the whole "
@@ -2271,10 +2429,12 @@
"filosofia que apliquem."
# type: Content of: <h3>
+#. type: Content of: <h3>
msgid "Software patents"
msgstr "Patents de programari"
# type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <p>
#, fuzzy
#| msgid ""
#| "The worst threat we face comes from software patents, which can put "
@@ -2304,6 +2464,7 @@
"distribució per l'amenaça d'un procés judicial."
# type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <p>
msgid ""
"There are ways to cope with patents: we can search for evidence that a "
"patent is invalid, and we can look for alternative ways to do a job. But "
@@ -2318,6 +2479,7 @@
"funcionalitat que els usuaris volen. Què fem doncs si això passa?"
# type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <p>
#, fuzzy
#| msgid ""
#| "Those of us who value free software for freedom's sake will stay with "
@@ -2349,10 +2511,12 @@
"de drets i llibertats."
# type: Content of: <h3>
+#. type: Content of: <h3>
msgid "Free documentation"
msgstr "Documentació lliure"
# type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <p>
msgid ""
"The biggest deficiency in our free operating systems is not in the "
"software—it is the lack of good free manuals that we can include in "
@@ -2368,6 +2532,7 @@
"mancances d'aquest tipus actualment."
# type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <p>
#, fuzzy
#| msgid ""
#| "Free documentation, like free software, is a matter of freedom, not "
@@ -2390,6 +2555,7 @@
"acompanyar cada còpia del programa."
# type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <p>
msgid ""
"Permission for modification is crucial too. As a general rule, I don't "
"believe that it is essential for people to have permission to modify all "
@@ -2404,6 +2570,7 @@
"els nostres punts de vista."
# type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <p>
#, fuzzy
#| msgid ""
#| "But there is a particular reason why the freedom to modify is crucial for "
@@ -2432,6 +2599,7 @@
"comunitat."
# type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <p>
#, fuzzy
#| msgid ""
#| "Some kinds of limits on how modifications are done pose no problem. For "
@@ -2469,6 +2637,7 @@
"lliure de fer un ús complet del manual. "
# type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <p>
msgid ""
"However, it must be possible to modify all the <em>technical</em> content of "
"the manual, and then distribute the result in all the usual media, through "
@@ -2482,6 +2651,7 @@
"fos lliure i necessitarÃem un altre manual."
# type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <p>
msgid ""
"Will free software developers have the awareness and determination to "
"produce a full spectrum of free manuals? Once again, our future depends on "
@@ -2492,10 +2662,12 @@
"el nostre futur depèn de la filosofia que apliquem."
# type: Content of: <h3>
+#. type: Content of: <h3>
msgid "We must talk about freedom"
msgstr " Hem de parlar de llibertat"
# type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <p>
msgid ""
"Estimates today are that there are ten million users of GNU/Linux systems "
"such as Debian GNU/Linux and Red Hat “Linux”. Free software has "
@@ -2508,6 +2680,7 @@
"per raons purament prà ctiques."
# type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <p>
msgid ""
"The good consequences of this are evident: more interest in developing free "
"software, more customers for free software businesses, and more ability to "
@@ -2521,6 +2694,7 @@
"carà cter propietari."
# type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <p>
msgid ""
"But interest in the software is growing faster than awareness of the "
"philosophy it is based on, and this leads to trouble. Our ability to meet "
@@ -2536,6 +2710,7 @@
"nous usuaris per a que s'uneixin a la comunitat."
# type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <p>
msgid ""
"But we are failing to do so: the efforts to attract new users into our "
"community are far outstripping the efforts to teach them the civics of our "
@@ -2548,10 +2723,12 @@
"que ambdues es desenvolupin harmoniosament."
# type: Content of: <h3>
+#. type: Content of: <h3>
msgid "“Open Source”"
msgstr "\"Codi obert\""
# type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <p>
msgid ""
"Teaching new users about freedom became more difficult in 1998, when a part "
"of the community decided to stop using the term “free software” "
@@ -2562,6 +2739,7 @@
"el terme \"programari lliure\" i utilitzar el terme \"codi obert\"."
# type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <p>
#, fuzzy
#| msgid ""
#| "Some who favored this term aimed to avoid the confusion of “"
@@ -2594,6 +2772,7 @@
"llibertat, el civisme i altres principis bà sics."
# type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <p>
msgid ""
"The “Linux” magazines are a clear example of this—they are "
"filled with advertisements for proprietary software that works with GNU/"
@@ -2607,6 +2786,7 @@
"especials?"
# type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <p>
msgid ""
"The support of business can contribute to the community in many ways; all "
"else being equal, it is useful. But winning their support by speaking even "
@@ -2619,6 +2799,7 @@
"cop es faci més gran."
# type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <p>
msgid ""
"“Free software” and “open source” describe the same "
"category of software, more or less, but say different things about the "
@@ -2633,10 +2814,12 @@
"llibertat és tant o més important que la tecnologia."
# type: Content of: <h3>
+#. type: Content of: <h3>
msgid "Try!"
msgstr "Intenta-ho!"
# type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <p>
#, fuzzy
#| msgid ""
#| "Yoda's philosophy (“There is no ‘try’”) sounds "
@@ -2661,6 +2844,7 @@
"he tingut èxit."
# type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <p>
msgid ""
"Sometimes I failed; some of my cities have fallen. Then I found another "
"threatened city, and got ready for another battle. Over time, I've learned "
@@ -2674,6 +2858,7 @@
"vinguessin i m'ajudessin."
# type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <p>
msgid ""
"Nowadays, often I'm not the only one. It is a relief and a joy when I see a "
"regiment of hackers digging in to hold the line, and I realize, this city "
@@ -2691,10 +2876,12 @@
# type: Content of: <div>
#. TRANSLATORS: Use space (SPC) as msgstr if you don't have notes.
+#. type: Content of: <div>
msgid "*GNUN-SLOT: TRANSLATOR'S NOTES*"
msgstr " "
# type: Content of: <div><p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
#, fuzzy
#| msgid ""
#| "Please send FSF & GNU inquiries to <a href=\"mailto:address@hidden";
@@ -2705,9 +2892,7 @@
msgid ""
"Please send FSF & GNU inquiries to <a href=\"mailto:address@hidden";><"
"address@hidden></a>. There are also <a href=\"/contact/\">other ways to "
-"contact</a> the FSF. <br /> Please send broken links and other corrections "
-"or suggestions to <a href=\"mailto:address@hidden";><address@hidden"
-"org></a>."
+"contact</a> the FSF."
msgstr ""
"Envieu les vostres preguntes sobre la FSF i GNU a <a
href=\"mailto:address@hidden";
"org\"><em>address@hidden</em></a>. També hi ha <a
href=\"/contact/contact.ca."
@@ -2716,6 +2901,26 @@
"address@hidden"><em>address@hidden</em></a>."
# type: Content of: <div><p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "Please send FSF & GNU inquiries to <a href=\"mailto:address@hidden";
+#| "\"><em>address@hidden</em></a>. There are also <a
href=\"/contact/\">other "
+#| "ways to contact</a> the FSF. <br /> Please send broken links and other "
+#| "corrections (or suggestions) to <a href=\"mailto:address@hidden";
+#| "\"><em>address@hidden</em></a>."
+msgid ""
+"Please send broken links and other corrections or suggestions to <a href="
+"\"mailto:address@hidden";><address@hidden></a>."
+msgstr ""
+"Envieu les vostres preguntes sobre la FSF i GNU a <a
href=\"mailto:address@hidden";
+"org\"><em>address@hidden</em></a>. També hi ha <a
href=\"/contact/contact.ca."
+"html\">altres formes de contactar</a> amb la FSF. <br />Envieu els enllaços "
+"trencats i d'altres correccions o suggeriments a <a href=\"mailto:";
+"address@hidden"><em>address@hidden</em></a>."
+
+# type: Content of: <div><p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"Please see the <a href=\"/server/standards/README.translations.html"
"\">Translations README</a> for information on coordinating and submitting "
@@ -2727,16 +2932,22 @@
"standards/translations/ca/\">Equip de traducció</a> per col·laborar en la "
"traducció al català del web de GNU."
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
+msgid ""
+"Copyright © 1998, 2001, 2002, 2005, 2006, 2007, 2008, 2010 Richard "
+"Stallman"
+msgstr ""
+
# type: Content of: <div><p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
#, fuzzy
#| msgid ""
#| "Copyright © 1998, 2001, 2002, 2005, 2006, 2007 Richard Stallman <br /"
#| "> Verbatim copying and distribution of this entire article is permitted "
#| "in any medium without royalty provided this notice is preserved."
msgid ""
-"Copyright © 1998, 2001, 2002, 2005, 2006, 2007, 2008, 2010 Richard "
-"Stallman <br /> Verbatim copying and distribution of this entire article is "
-"permitted in any medium without royalty provided this notice is preserved."
+"Verbatim copying and distribution of this entire article is permitted in any "
+"medium without royalty provided this notice is preserved."
msgstr ""
"Copyright © 1998, 2001, 2002, 2005, 2006, 2007 Richard Stallman <br /"
">Es permet realitzar i distribuir còpies literals d'aquest article en "
@@ -2744,6 +2955,7 @@
# type: Content of: <div><div>
#. TRANSLATORS: Use space (SPC) as msgstr if you don't want credits.
+#. type: Content of: <div><div>
msgid "*GNUN-SLOT: TRANSLATOR'S CREDITS*"
msgstr ""
"Darrera revisió: <a href=\"http://www.puigpe.org/\";>puigpe</a>, 29 d'abril "
@@ -2751,13 +2963,23 @@
# type: Content of: <div><p>
#. timestamp start
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid "Updated:"
msgstr "Updated:"
# type: Content of: <div><h4>
+#. type: Content of: <div><h4>
msgid "Translations of this page"
msgstr "Traduccions d'aquesta pà gina"
+# type: Content of: <blockquote><p>
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "If I am not for myself, who will be for me?<br /> If I am only for "
+#~ "myself, what am I?<br /> If not now, when?"
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "If I am not for myself, who will be for me?<br /> If I am only for "
+#~ "myself, what am I?<br /> If not now, when?"
+
# type: Content of: <p>
#~ msgid ""
#~ "(1) It would have been clearer to write ‘of the “"
Index: gnu/po/thegnuproject.el.po
===================================================================
RCS file: /web/www/www/gnu/po/thegnuproject.el.po,v
retrieving revision 1.16
retrieving revision 1.17
diff -u -b -r1.16 -r1.17
--- gnu/po/thegnuproject.el.po 26 Mar 2011 19:27:52 -0000 1.16
+++ gnu/po/thegnuproject.el.po 9 Jul 2011 16:28:44 -0000 1.17
@@ -8,7 +8,7 @@
msgid ""
msgstr ""
"Project-Id-Version: www-el_v0.2.0\n"
-"POT-Creation-Date: 2010-11-12 20:27-0500\n"
+"POT-Creation-Date: 2011-07-09 12:28-0300\n"
"PO-Revision-Date: 2011-02-06 10:32+0200\n"
"Last-Translator: Georgios Zarkadas <address@hidden>\n"
"Language-Team: Greek <address@hidden>\n"
@@ -19,19 +19,23 @@
"Plural-Forms: \n"
# type: Content of: <title>
+#. type: Content of: <title>
msgid "About the GNU Project - GNU Project - Free Software Foundation (FSF)"
msgstr "ΣÏεÏικά με Ïο ÎÏγο GNU - ÎÏγο GNU - ÎδÏÏ
μα
ÎλεÏθεÏοÏ
ÎογιÏÎ¼Î¹ÎºÎ¿Ï (ÎÎÎ)"
# type: Attribute 'content' of: <meta>
+#. type: Attribute 'content' of: <meta>
msgid "GNU, GNU Project, FSF, Free Software, Free Software Foundation, History"
msgstr ""
"GNU, ÎÏγο GNU, ÎÎÎ, ελεÏθεÏο λογιÏμικÏ, ÎδÏÏ
μα
ÎλεÏθεÏοÏ
ÎογιÏμικοÏ, ιÏÏοÏία"
# type: Content of: <h2>
+#. type: Content of: <h2>
msgid "The GNU Project"
msgstr "Το ÎÏγο GNU"
# type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <p>
msgid ""
"by <a href=\"http://www.stallman.org/\";><strong>Richard Stallman</strong></a>"
msgstr ""
@@ -39,15 +43,18 @@
"strong></a>"
# type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <p>
msgid ""
"the original version was published in the book “Open Sources”"
msgstr "η ÏÏÏÏÏÏÏ
Ïη ÎκδοÏη δημοÏιεύÏηκε ÏÏο
βιβλίο “Open Sources”"
# type: Content of: <h3>
+#. type: Content of: <h3>
msgid "The first software-sharing community"
msgstr "Î ÏÏÏÏη κοινÏÏηÏα διαμοιÏαÏμοÏ
λογιÏμικοÏ"
# type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <p>
msgid ""
"When I started working at the <acronym title=\"Massachusetts Institute of "
"Technology\">MIT</acronym> Artificial Intelligence Lab in 1971, I became "
@@ -65,6 +72,7 @@
"Ïον εÏαÏμÏζαμε ÏεÏιÏÏÏÏεÏο αÏ' ÏλοÏ
Ï."
# type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <p>
msgid ""
"The AI Lab used a timesharing operating system called <acronym title="
"\"Incompatible Timesharing System\">ITS</acronym> (the Incompatible "
@@ -84,6 +92,7 @@
"εÏγαÏÏηÏίοÏ
ΤÎ, η δοÏ
λειά μοÏ
ήÏαν να
βελÏιÏÏÏ Î±Ï
ÏÏ Ïο ÏÏÏÏημα."
# type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <p>
msgid ""
"We did not call our software “free software”, because that term "
"did not yet exist; but that is what it was. Whenever people from another "
@@ -102,6 +111,7 @@
"δημιοÏ
ÏγήÏÎµÎ¹Ï Îνα νÎο ÏÏÏγÏαμμα."
# type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <p>
msgid ""
"(1) The use of “hacker” to mean “security breaker” "
"is a confusion on the part of the mass media. We hackers refuse to "
@@ -119,10 +129,12 @@
"org/articles/on-hacking.html\">Îια Ïο Ïάκινγκ</a>."
# type: Content of: <h3>
+#. type: Content of: <h3>
msgid "The collapse of the community"
msgstr "ΠκαÏάÏÏεÏ
Ïη ÏÎ·Ï ÎºÎ¿Î¹Î½ÏÏηÏαÏ"
# type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <p>
msgid ""
"The situation changed drastically in the early 1980s when Digital "
"discontinued the PDP-10 series. Its architecture, elegant and powerful in "
@@ -138,6 +150,7 @@
"Ïο ITS ήÏαν ÏλÎον αÏαÏÏαιÏμÎνα."
# type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <p>
msgid ""
"The AI Lab hacker community had already collapsed, not long before. In "
"1981, the spin-off company Symbolics had hired away nearly all of the "
@@ -157,6 +170,7 @@
"καÏαμεÏιÏÎ¼Î¿Ï ÏÏÏνοÏ
ÏÎ·Ï Digital ανÏί για Ïο
ITS."
# type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <p>
msgid ""
"The modern computers of the era, such as the VAX or the 68020, had their own "
"operating systems, but none of them were free software: you had to sign a "
@@ -168,6 +182,7 @@
"να ÏάÏÎµÎ¹Ï Îνα εκÏελÎÏιμο ανÏίγÏαÏο."
# type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <p>
msgid ""
"This meant that the first step in using a computer was to promise not to "
"help your neighbor. A cooperating community was forbidden. The rule made "
@@ -183,6 +198,7 @@
"να ÏÎ¹Ï ÎºÎ¬Î½Î¿Ï
με.”"
# type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <p>
msgid ""
"The idea that the proprietary software social system—the system that "
"says you are not allowed to share or change software—is antisocial, "
@@ -207,6 +223,7 @@
"ÏÏι Ï
ÏάÏÏει μÏνο ÎÎ½Î±Ï ÏÏÏÏÎ¿Ï Î³Î¹Î± να βλÎÏοÏ
με Ïο ζήÏημα αÏ
ÏÏ."
# type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <p>
msgid ""
"When software publishers talk about “enforcing” their “"
"rights” or “stopping <a href=\"/philosophy/words-to-avoid."
@@ -223,6 +240,7 @@
"κοινÏνία ζηÏείÏαι να ÏÎ¹Ï Î±ÏοδÎÏεÏαι δίÏÏÏ
εξÎÏαÏη. ÎÏ ÏÎ¹Ï ÎµÎ¾ÎµÏάÏοÏ
με λοιÏÏν."
# type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <p>
msgid ""
"One assumption is that software companies have an unquestionable natural "
"right to own software and thus have power over all its users. (If this were "
@@ -241,6 +259,7 @@
"ÏÏ
ÏÎ¹ÎºÏ Î´Î¹ÎºÎ±Î¯Ïμα ÏÏν ÏÏηÏÏÏν να ανÏιγÏάÏοÏ
ν."
# type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <p>
msgid ""
"Another unstated assumption is that the only important thing about software "
"is what jobs it allows you to do—that we computer users should not "
@@ -252,6 +271,7 @@
"ÎµÎ¯Î´Î¿Ï ÏÎ·Ï ÎºÎ¿Î¹Î½ÏÎ½Î¯Î±Ï ÏοÏ
Î¼Î±Ï ÎµÏιÏÏÎÏεÏαι
να ÎÏοÏ
με."
# type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <p>
msgid ""
"A third assumption is that we would have no usable software (or would never "
"have a program to do this or that particular job) if we did not offer a "
@@ -268,6 +288,7 @@
"αλÏ
ÏÎ¯Î´ÎµÏ ÏÎ¬Î½Ï Ï' αÏ
ÏÏ."
# type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <p>
msgid ""
"If we decline to accept these assumptions, and judge these issues based on "
"ordinary commonsense morality while placing the users first, we arrive at "
@@ -283,6 +304,7 @@
"εÏειδή η ανθÏÏÏινη αλληλοβοήθεια
αÏοÏελεί Ïη βάÏη ÏÎ·Ï ÎºÎ¿Î¹Î½ÏνίαÏ."
# type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <p>
msgid ""
"There is no room here for an extensive statement of the reasoning behind "
"this conclusion, so I refer the reader to the web page, <a href=\"/"
@@ -294,10 +316,12 @@
"philosophy/why-free.html</a>."
# type: Content of: <h3>
+#. type: Content of: <h3>
msgid "A stark moral choice."
msgstr "Îία άκαμÏÏη ηθική εÏιλογή"
# type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <p>
msgid ""
"With my community gone, to continue as before was impossible. Instead, I "
"faced a stark moral choice."
@@ -306,6 +330,7 @@
"ÎνÏιθÎÏÏÏ, ανÏιμεÏÏÏιÏα μια άκαμÏÏη ηθική
εÏιλογή."
# type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <p>
msgid ""
"The easy choice was to join the proprietary software world, signing "
"nondisclosure agreements and promising not to help my fellow hacker. Most "
@@ -320,6 +345,7 @@
"ÏÏην ÏίεÏη ÏÎ¬Î½Ï Ï' άλλοÏ
Ï Î±Î½Î¸ÏÏÏοÏ
Ï Î½Î±
ÏÏοδÏÏοÏ
ν εÏίÏÎ·Ï Ïο ÏÏ
νάνθÏÏÏÏ ÏοÏ
Ï."
# type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <p>
msgid ""
"I could have made money this way, and perhaps amused myself writing code. "
"But I knew that at the end of my career, I would look back on years of "
@@ -333,6 +359,7 @@
"ÏειÏÏÏεÏο μÎÏοÏ."
# type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <p>
msgid ""
"I had already experienced being on the receiving end of a nondisclosure "
"agreement, when someone refused to give me and the MIT AI Lab the source "
@@ -352,6 +379,7 @@
"ÏÏÏαÏÏ ÎºÎ±Î¹ να ÎºÎ¬Î½Ï ÎºÎ¹ ÎµÎ³Ï Ïο ίδιο ÏÏάγμα Ïε
ÏλοÏ
Ï ÏοÏ
Ï Î¬Î»Î»Î¿Ï
Ï."
# type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <p>
msgid ""
"Another choice, straightforward but unpleasant, was to leave the computer "
"field. That way my skills would not be misused, but they would still be "
@@ -365,6 +393,7 @@
"οÏÏÏÏ Î® άλλÏÏ."
# type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <p>
msgid ""
"So I looked for a way that a programmer could do something for the good. I "
"asked myself, was there a program or programs that I could write, so as to "
@@ -376,6 +405,7 @@
"Ïη δημιοÏ
Ïγία Î¼Î¯Î±Ï ÎºÎ¿Î¹Î½ÏÏηÏαÏ;"
# type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <p>
msgid ""
"The answer was clear: what was needed first was an operating system. That "
"is the crucial software for starting to use a computer. With an operating "
@@ -396,6 +426,7 @@
"\"#TransNote1\">1</a></sup>."
# type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <p>
msgid ""
"As an operating system developer, I had the right skills for this job. So "
"even though I could not take success for granted, I realized that I was "
@@ -413,6 +444,7 @@
"ακÏÏνÏμιο ÏοÏ
“GNUâs Not Unix.”"
# type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <p>
msgid ""
"An operating system does not mean just a kernel, barely enough to run other "
"programs. In the 1970s, every operating system worthy of the name included "
@@ -429,22 +461,29 @@
"λειÏοÏ
ÏÎ³Î¹ÎºÏ ÏÏÏÏημα GNU θα Ïα ÏεÏιελάμβανε
εÏίÏηÏ."
# type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <p>
msgid "Later I heard these words, attributed to Hillel (1):"
msgstr "ÎÏγÏÏεÏα άκοÏ
Ïα αÏ
Ïά Ïα λÏγια, ÏοÏ
αÏοδίδονÏαι ÏÏον Hillel (1):"
-# type: Content of: <blockquote><p>
-msgid ""
-"If I am not for myself, who will be for me?<br /> If I am only for myself, "
-"what am I?<br /> If not now, when?"
+#. type: Content of: <blockquote><p>
+msgid "If I am not for myself, who will be for me?"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <blockquote><p>
+msgid "If I am only for myself, what am I?"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <blockquote><p>
+msgid "If not now, when?"
msgstr ""
-"Îάν δεν είμαι για Ïον εαÏ
ÏÏ Î¼Î¿Ï
, ÏÎ¿Î¹Î¿Ï Î¸Î±
είναι για μÎνα;<br /> Îάν είμαι "
-"μÏνο για Ïον εαÏ
ÏÏ Î¼Î¿Ï
, Ïι είμαι;<br /> Îάν
ÏÏι ÏÏÏα, ÏÏÏε;"
# type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <p>
msgid "The decision to start the GNU Project was based on a similar spirit."
msgstr "ΠαÏÏÏαÏη να ξεκινήÏÏ Ïο ÎÏγο GNU
βαÏίÏÏηκε Ï' Îνα ÏαÏÏμοιο ÏνεÏμα."
# type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <p>
msgid ""
"(1) As an Atheist, I don't follow any religious leaders, but I sometimes "
"find I admire something one of them has said."
@@ -453,10 +492,12 @@
"βÏίÏÎºÏ ÏÏι θαÏ
Î¼Î¬Î¶Ï ÎºÎ¬Ïι ÏοÏ
κάÏÎ¿Î¹Î¿Ï ÎµÎ¾ αÏ
ÏÏν ÎÏει Ïει."
# type: Content of: <h3>
+#. type: Content of: <h3>
msgid "Free as in freedom"
msgstr "ÎλεÏθεÏο ÏÏÏÏ ÏÏην ελεÏ
θεÏία"
# type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <p>
msgid ""
"The term “free software” is sometimes misunderstood—it has "
"nothing to do with price. It is about freedom. Here, therefore, is the "
@@ -468,18 +509,21 @@
"λογιÏμικοÏ."
# type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <p>
msgid "A program is free software, for you, a particular user, if:"
msgstr ""
"Îνα ÏÏÏγÏαμμα είναι ελεÏθεÏο λογιÏμικÏ,
για ÏαÏ, Îνα ÏÏ
γκεκÏιμÎνο ÏÏήÏÏη, "
"εάν:"
# type: Content of: <ul><li>
+#. type: Content of: <ul><li>
msgid "You have the freedom to run the program as you wish, for any purpose."
msgstr ""
"ÎÏεÏε Ïην ελεÏ
θεÏία να εκÏελείÏε Ïο
ÏÏÏγÏαμμα ÏÏÏÏ ÎµÏιθÏ
μείÏε, για "
"οÏοιονδήÏοÏε ÏκοÏÏ."
# type: Content of: <ul><li>
+#. type: Content of: <ul><li>
msgid ""
"You have the freedom to modify the program to suit your needs. (To make "
"this freedom effective in practice, you must have access to the source code, "
@@ -492,12 +536,14 @@
"ÏÏÏγÏαμμα δίÏÏÏ Î½Î± ÎÏει Ïον Ïηγαίο κÏδικά
ÏοÏ
είναι εξαιÏεÏικά δÏÏκολο.)"
# type: Content of: <ul><li>
+#. type: Content of: <ul><li>
msgid ""
"You have the freedom to redistribute copies, either gratis or for a fee."
msgstr ""
"ÎÏεÏε Ïην ελεÏ
θεÏία να αναδιανÎμεÏε
ανÏίγÏαÏα, είÏε δÏÏεάν είÏε με ανÏίÏιμο."
# type: Content of: <ul><li>
+#. type: Content of: <ul><li>
msgid ""
"You have the freedom to distribute modified versions of the program, so that "
"the community can benefit from your improvements."
@@ -506,6 +552,7 @@
"ÎÏÏι ÏÏÏε να μÏοÏεί να ÏÏεληθεί η
κοινÏÏηÏα αÏÏ ÏÎ¹Ï Î²ÎµÎ»ÏιÏÏÎµÎ¹Ï ÏαÏ."
# type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <p>
msgid ""
"Since “free” refers to freedom, not to price, there is no "
"contradiction between selling copies and free software. In fact, the "
@@ -524,6 +571,7 @@
"ÏÏ
μÏεÏιλάβοÏ
ν Ïε αÏ
ÏÎÏ ÏÎ¹Ï ÏÏ
λλογÎÏ, δεν
είναι ελεÏθεÏο λογιÏμικÏ."
# type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <p>
msgid ""
"Because of the ambiguity of “free”, people have long looked for "
"alternatives, but no one has found a better term. The English language has "
@@ -544,10 +592,12 @@
"(λανθαÏμÎνο) νÏημα είÏε κάÏοιο άλλο
μειονÎκÏημα."
# type: Content of: <h3>
+#. type: Content of: <h3>
msgid "GNU software and the GNU system"
msgstr "ÎογιÏÎ¼Î¹ÎºÏ GNU και Ïο Ïá½»ÏÏημα GNU"
# type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <p>
msgid ""
"Developing a whole system is a very large project. To bring it into reach, "
"I decided to adapt and use existing pieces of free software wherever that "
@@ -564,6 +614,7 @@
"Ïο GNU."
# type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <p>
msgid ""
"Because of this decision, the GNU system is not the same as the collection "
"of all GNU software. The GNU system includes programs that are not GNU "
@@ -577,10 +628,12 @@
"ÏÏηÏιμοÏοιοÏμε εÏειδή είναι ελεÏθεÏο
λογιÏμικÏ."
# type: Content of: <h3>
+#. type: Content of: <h3>
msgid "Commencing the project"
msgstr "ÎεκινÏνÏÎ±Ï Ïο ÎÏγο"
# type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <p>
msgid ""
"In January 1984 I quit my job at MIT and began writing GNU software. "
"Leaving MIT was necessary so that MIT would not be able to interfere with "
@@ -602,6 +655,7 @@
"κοινÏÏηÏÎ±Ï Î´Î¹Î±Î¼Î¿Î¹ÏαÏÎ¼Î¿Ï Î»Î¿Î³Î¹ÏμικοÏ."
# type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <p>
msgid ""
"However, Professor Winston, then the head of the MIT AI Lab, kindly invited "
"me to keep using the lab's facilities."
@@ -611,10 +665,12 @@
"εÏγαÏÏηÏίοÏ
."
# type: Content of: <h3>
+#. type: Content of: <h3>
msgid "The first steps"
msgstr "Τα ÏÏÏÏα βήμαÏα"
# type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <p>
msgid ""
"Shortly before beginning the GNU Project, I heard about the Free University "
"Compiler Kit, also known as VUCK. (The Dutch word for “free” is "
@@ -631,6 +687,7 @@
"μÏοÏοÏÏε να Ïον ÏÏηÏιμοÏοιήÏει."
# type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <p>
msgid ""
"He responded derisively, stating that the university was free but the "
"compiler was not. I therefore decided that my first program for the GNU "
@@ -641,6 +698,7 @@
"ÎÏγο GNU θα ήÏαν ÎÎ½Î±Ï ÏολÏ
γλÏÏÏικÏÏ, ÏολλÏν
ÏλαÏÏοÏμÏν μεÏαγλÏÏÏιÏÏήÏ."
# type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <p>
msgid ""
"Hoping to avoid the need to write the whole compiler myself, I obtained the "
"source code for the Pastel compiler, which was a multiplatform compiler "
@@ -663,6 +721,7 @@
"(64 kilobytes)."
# type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <p>
msgid ""
"I then realized that the Pastel compiler functioned by parsing the entire "
"input file into a syntax tree, converting the whole syntax tree into a chain "
@@ -686,10 +745,12 @@
"Emacs."
# type: Content of: <h3>
+#. type: Content of: <h3>
msgid "GNU Emacs"
msgstr "Î GNU Emacs"
# type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <p>
msgid ""
"I began work on GNU Emacs in September 1984, and in early 1985 it was "
"beginning to be usable. This enabled me to begin using Unix systems to do "
@@ -703,6 +764,7 @@
"μοÏ
ÏÏνÏαξη κειμÎνοÏ
Ïε άλλοÏ
είδοÏ
Ï
μηÏανÎÏ ÎÏÏ ÏÏÏε."
# type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <p>
msgid ""
"At this point, people began wanting to use GNU Emacs, which raised the "
"question of how to distribute it. Of course, I put it on the anonymous ftp "
@@ -724,6 +786,7 @@
"Îνα ανÏίγÏαÏο μÎÏÏ Î ÎÎ. ÎÏα Ïο εÏÏÏημα
ήÏαν, Ïι θα Îλεγα Ï' αÏ
ÏοÏÏ;"
# type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <p>
msgid ""
"I could have said, “Find a friend who is on the net and who will make "
"a copy for you.” Or I could have done what I did with the original PDP-"
@@ -748,10 +811,12 @@
"βαÏιÏμÎνα ÏÏο Linux ÏÏ
ÏÏήμαÏα GNU."
# type: Content of: <h3>
+#. type: Content of: <h3>
msgid "Is a program free for every user?"
msgstr "Îίναι Îνα ÏÏÏγÏαμμα ελεÏθεÏο για κάθε
ÏÏήÏÏη;"
# type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <p>
msgid ""
"If a program is free software when it leaves the hands of its author, this "
"does not necessarily mean it will be free software for everyone who has a "
@@ -773,6 +838,7 @@
"οι οÏÎ¿Î¯ÎµÏ ÎµÏιÏÏÎÏοÏ
ν Ïη δημιοÏ
Ïγία
ιδιοκÏηÏιακÏν ÏÏοÏοÏοιημÎνÏν εκδÏÏεÏν."
# type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <p>
msgid ""
"The paradigmatic example of this problem is the X Window System. Developed "
"at MIT, and released as free software with a permissive license, it was soon "
@@ -789,6 +855,7 @@
"ÏεÏιÏÏÏÏεÏο ελεÏθεÏο λογιÏÎ¼Î¹ÎºÏ Î±Ï' Ï,Ïι
ήÏαν Ïο Unix."
# type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <p>
msgid ""
"The developers of the X Window System did not consider this a problem—"
"they expected and intended this to happen. Their goal was not freedom, just "
@@ -802,6 +869,7 @@
"να είναι αÏιθμηÏικά Ïολλοί."
# type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <p>
msgid ""
"This led to a paradoxical situation where two different ways of counting the "
"amount of freedom gave different answers to the question, “Is this "
@@ -821,10 +889,12 @@
"ÏÏ
ÏÏήμαÏα, ÏÏι Ïην ελεÏθεÏη ÎκδοÏη."
# type: Content of: <h3>
+#. type: Content of: <h3>
msgid "Copyleft and the GNU GPL"
msgstr "Το copyleft και η GNU GPL"
# type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <p>
msgid ""
"The goal of GNU was to give users freedom, not just to be popular. So we "
"needed to use distribution terms that would prevent GNU software from being "
@@ -837,6 +907,7 @@
"μÎÎ¸Î¿Î´Î¿Ï ÏοÏ
ÏÏηÏιμοÏοιοÏμε αÏοκαλείÏαι
“copyleft”.(1)"
# type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <p>
msgid ""
"Copyleft uses copyright law, but flips it over to serve the opposite of its "
"usual purpose: instead of a means for restricting a program, it becomes a "
@@ -848,6 +919,7 @@
"διαÏηÏηθεί Ïο ÏÏÏγÏαμμα ελεÏθεÏο."
# type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <p>
msgid ""
"The central idea of copyleft is that we give everyone permission to run the "
"program, copy the program, modify the program, and distribute modified "
@@ -863,6 +935,7 @@
"γίνονÏαι αναÏÏÏÏαÏÏα δικαιÏμαÏα."
# type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <p>
msgid ""
"For an effective copyleft, modified versions must also be free. This "
"ensures that work based on ours becomes available to our community if it is "
@@ -880,6 +953,7 @@
"καÏαÏκεÏ
άÏοÏ
με Ïη δική Î¼Î±Ï Î¹Î´Î¹Î¿ÎºÏηÏιακή
ÎκδοÏη ÏοÏ
ÏÏογÏάμμαÏοÏ.”"
# type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <p>
msgid ""
"The requirement that changes must be free is essential if we want to ensure "
"freedom for every user of the program. The companies that privatized the X "
@@ -898,6 +972,7 @@
"εκμεÏαλλεÏ
Ïεί αÏ
Ïή Ïη δικαιολογία."
# type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <p>
msgid ""
"A related issue concerns combining a free program with nonfree code. Such a "
"combination would inevitably be nonfree; whichever freedoms are lacking for "
@@ -918,6 +993,7 @@
"και copylefted."
# type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <p>
msgid ""
"The specific implementation of copyleft that we use for most GNU software is "
"the GNU General Public License, or GNU GPL for short. We have other kinds "
@@ -933,6 +1009,7 @@
"ÏολÏ
ÏλοκÏÏηÏα ÏÎ·Ï ÎÎÎΧ GNU δεν είναι
αναγκαία για Ïα εγÏειÏίδια.(2)"
# type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <p>
msgid ""
"(1) In 1984 or 1985, Don Hopkins (a very imaginative fellow) mailed me a "
"letter. On the envelope he had written several amusing sayings, including "
@@ -947,6 +1024,7 @@
"Î´Î¹Î±Î½Î¿Î¼Î®Ï Î»Î¿Î³Î¹ÏÎ¼Î¹ÎºÎ¿Ï ÏοÏ
δημιοÏ
ÏγοÏÏα
εκείνο Ïον καιÏÏ."
# type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <p>
msgid ""
"(2) We now use the <a href=\"/licenses/fdl.html\">GNU Free Documentation "
"License</a> for documentation."
@@ -955,10 +1033,12 @@
"ΤεκμηÏá½·ÏÏÎ·Ï GNU</a> για ÎÏγα ÏεκμηÏá½·ÏÏηÏ."
# type: Content of: <h3>
+#. type: Content of: <h3>
msgid "The Free Software Foundation"
msgstr "Το ÎδÏÏ
μα ÎλεÏθεÏοÏ
ÎογιÏμικοÏ"
# type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <p>
msgid ""
"As interest in using Emacs was growing, other people became involved in the "
"GNU project, and we decided that it was time to seek funding once again. So "
@@ -980,6 +1060,7 @@
"εÏίÏηÏ) ÏÏη Ïαινία, αλλά και ÏοÏ
λÏνÏαÏ
ελεÏθεÏα εγÏειÏίδια εÏίÏηÏ."
# type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <p>
msgid ""
"Most of the FSF's income used to come from sales of copies of free software "
"and of other related services (CD-ROMs of source code, CD-ROMs with "
@@ -1001,6 +1082,7 @@
"ÏÏο ÎÎÎ ÏÏο <a href=\"http://fsf.org/join\";>fsf.org</a>."
# type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <p>
msgid ""
"Free Software Foundation employees have written and maintained a number of "
"GNU software packages. Two notable ones are the C library and the shell. "
@@ -1020,6 +1102,7 @@
"Again Shell(1), Ïο οÏοίο αναÏÏÏÏθηκε αÏÏ Ïον Ï
Ïάλληλο ÏοÏ
ÎÎÎ Brian Fox."
# type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <p>
msgid ""
"We funded development of these programs because the GNU Project was not just "
"about tools or a development environment. Our goal was a complete operating "
@@ -1031,6 +1114,7 @@
"αÏαÏαίÏηÏα γι' αÏ
ÏÏ Ïο ÏκοÏÏ."
# type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <p>
msgid ""
"(1) “Bourne Again Shell” is a play on the name “Bourne "
"Shell”, which was the usual shell on Unix."
@@ -1039,10 +1123,12 @@
"“Bourne Shell”, ÏοÏ
ήÏαν ÏÏÏε Ïο ÏÏ
νηθÎÏÏεÏο κÎλÏ
ÏÎ¿Ï ÏÏο Unix."
# type: Content of: <h3>
+#. type: Content of: <h3>
msgid "Free software support"
msgstr "Î¥ÏοÏÏήÏιξη ελεÏθεÏοÏ
λογιÏμικοÏ"
# type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <p>
msgid ""
"The free software philosophy rejects a specific widespread business "
"practice, but it is not against business. When businesses respect the "
@@ -1054,6 +1140,7 @@
"ÏάνÏα εÏιÏÏ
ÏίεÏ."
# type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <p>
msgid ""
"Selling copies of Emacs demonstrates one kind of free software business. "
"When the FSF took over that business, I needed another way to make a "
@@ -1071,6 +1158,7 @@
"Ïε νÎÎµÏ ÏλαÏÏÏÏμεÏ."
# type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <p>
msgid ""
"Today each of these kinds of free software business is practiced by a number "
"of corporations. Some distribute free software collections on CD-ROM; "
@@ -1087,6 +1175,7 @@
"λογιÏμικοÏ."
# type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <p>
msgid ""
"Watch out, though—a number of companies that associate themselves with "
"the term “open source” actually base their business on nonfree "
@@ -1108,10 +1197,12 @@
"ÏÏÎÏει να Ï' αÏοκαλοÏμε ÏακÎÏα
“αÏαιÏοÏÎ¼ÎµÎ½Î·Ï ÎµÎ»ÎµÏ
θεÏίαϔ."
# type: Content of: <h3>
+#. type: Content of: <h3>
msgid "Technical goals"
msgstr "ΤεÏνικοί ÏÏÏÏοι"
# type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <p>
msgid ""
"The principal goal of GNU is to be free software. Even if GNU had no "
"technical advantage over Unix, it would have a social advantage, allowing "
@@ -1123,6 +1214,7 @@
"Î·Î¸Î¹ÎºÏ ÏÏοÏÎÏημα, Ïο ÏεβαÏÎ¼Ï ÏÎ·Ï ÎµÎ»ÎµÏ
θεÏÎ¯Î±Ï ÏοÏ
ÏÏήÏÏη."
# type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <p>
msgid ""
"But it was natural to apply the known standards of good practice to the "
"work—for example, dynamically allocating data structures to avoid "
@@ -1135,6 +1227,7 @@
"ÏλÏν ÏÏν ÏιθανÏν κÏδικÏν 8 δÏ
αδικÏν ÏηÏίÏν
ÏÏοÏε αÏ
ÏÏ ÎµÎ¯Ïε νÏημα."
# type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <p>
msgid ""
"In addition, we rejected the Unix focus on small memory size, by deciding "
"not to support 16-bit machines (it was clear that 32-bit machines would be "
@@ -1155,6 +1248,7 @@
"O)."
# type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <p>
msgid ""
"These decisions enabled many GNU programs to surpass their Unix counterparts "
"in reliability and speed."
@@ -1163,10 +1257,12 @@
"ανÏίÏÏοιÏα ÏοÏ
Unix Ïε αξιοÏιÏÏία και
ÏαÏÏÏηÏα."
# type: Content of: <h3>
+#. type: Content of: <h3>
msgid "Donated computers"
msgstr "ÎÏÏεÎÏ Ï
ÏολογιÏÏÏν"
# type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <p>
msgid ""
"As the GNU Project's reputation grew, people began offering to donate "
"machines running Unix to the project. These were very useful, because the "
@@ -1182,6 +1278,7 @@
"ÏÏÏÏÏ Î³Î¹Î± ÎµÎ¼Î¬Ï Î½Î± ÎÏοÏ
με ανÏίγÏαÏα ÏοÏ
Unix."
# type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <p>
msgid ""
"Unix was (and is) proprietary software, and the GNU Project's philosophy "
"said that we should not use proprietary software. But, applying the same "
@@ -1199,6 +1296,7 @@
"ÏÏαμαÏήÏοÏ
ν να ÏÏηÏιμοÏοιοÏν Ïο
ιδιοκÏηÏÎ¹Î±ÎºÏ ÏακÎÏο."
# type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <p>
msgid ""
"But, even if this was a justifiable evil, it was still an evil. Today we no "
"longer have any copies of Unix, because we have replaced them with free "
@@ -1212,10 +1310,12 @@
"μηÏανή."
# type: Content of: <h3>
+#. type: Content of: <h3>
msgid "The GNU Task List"
msgstr "ΠλίÏÏα εÏγαÏιÏν ÏοÏ
GNU"
# type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <p>
msgid ""
"As the GNU Project proceeded, and increasing numbers of system components "
"were found or developed, eventually it became useful to make a list of the "
@@ -1235,6 +1335,7 @@
"ÏÏÏÏημα."
# type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <p>
msgid ""
"Today (1), hardly any Unix components are left in the GNU Task List—"
"those jobs had been done, aside from a few inessential ones. But the list "
@@ -1250,6 +1351,7 @@
"ÏÏοÏÏεθεί Ï' Îνα λειÏοÏ
ÏÎ³Î¹ÎºÏ ÏÏÏÏημα."
# type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <p>
msgid ""
"Even games are included in the task list—and have been since the "
"beginning. Unix included games, so naturally GNU should too. But "
@@ -1265,6 +1367,7 @@
"ÏοÏ
ίÏÏÏ Î±ÏÎÏοÏ
ν ÏÏοÏ
Ï ÏÏήÏÏεÏ."
# type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <p>
msgid ""
"(1) That was written in 1998. In 2009 we no longer maintain a long task "
"list. The community develops free software so fast that we can't even keep "
@@ -1278,10 +1381,12 @@
"ÏÏαγμαÏικά θÎλοÏ
με να ενθαÏÏÏνοÏ
με ÏοÏ
Ï
ανθÏÏÏοÏ
Ï Î½Î± γÏάÏοÏ
ν."
# type: Content of: <h3>
+#. type: Content of: <h3>
msgid "The GNU Library GPL"
msgstr "Î ÎÎÎΧ ÎÎ¹Î²Î»Î¹Î¿Î¸Î®ÎºÎ·Ï GNU (GNU LGPL)"
# type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <p>
msgid ""
"The GNU C library uses a special kind of copyleft called the GNU Library "
"General Public License(1), which gives permission to link proprietary "
@@ -1292,6 +1397,7 @@
"ιδιοκÏηÏÎ¹Î±ÎºÎ¿Ï Î»Î¿Î³Î¹ÏÎ¼Î¹ÎºÎ¿Ï Î¼Îµ Ïη
βιβλιοθήκη. ÎιαÏί κάνοÏ
με αÏ
Ïή Ïην
εξαίÏεÏη;"
# type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <p>
msgid ""
"It is not a matter of principle; there is no principle that says proprietary "
"software products are entitled to include our code. (Why contribute to a "
@@ -1305,6 +1411,7 @@
"για οÏοιαδήÏοÏε άλλη βιβλιοθήκη, είναι
ζήÏημα ÏÏÏαÏηγικήÏ."
# type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <p>
msgid ""
"The C library does a generic job; every proprietary system or compiler comes "
"with a C library. Therefore, to make our C library available only to free "
@@ -1318,6 +1425,7 @@
"ÏÏήÏη ÏÎ·Ï Î²Î¹Î²Î»Î¹Î¿Î¸Î®ÎºÎ·Ï Î¼Î±Ï."
# type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <p>
msgid ""
"One system is an exception to this: on the GNU system (and this includes GNU/"
"Linux), the GNU C library is the only C library. So the distribution terms "
@@ -1340,6 +1448,7 @@
"GNU είναι μια καλή ÏÏÏαÏηγική για Ïη
βιβλιοθήκη ÏÎ·Ï C."
# type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <p>
msgid ""
"For other libraries, the strategic decision needs to be considered on a case-"
"by-case basis. When a library does a special job that can help write "
@@ -1356,6 +1465,7 @@
"ιδιοκÏηÏÎ¹Î±ÎºÏ Î»Î¿Î³Î¹ÏμικÏ."
# type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <p>
msgid ""
"Consider GNU Readline, a library that was developed to provide command-line "
"editing for BASH. Readline is released under the ordinary GNU GPL, not the "
@@ -1373,6 +1483,7 @@
"είναι Î±Î»Î·Î¸Î¹Î½Ï ÏÏÎµÎ»Î¿Ï Î³Î¹Î± Ïην κοινÏÏηÏα."
# type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <p>
msgid ""
"Proprietary software developers have the advantages money provides; free "
"software developers need to make advantages for each other. I hope some day "
@@ -1391,10 +1502,17 @@
"ενÏÏ ÏημανÏÎ¹ÎºÎ¿Ï ÏλεονεκÏήμαÏÎ¿Ï Î³Î¹Î±
ÏεÏαιÏÎÏÏ Î±Î½Î¬ÏÏÏ
ξη ελεÏθεÏοÏ
λογιÏμικοÏ."
# type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "(1) This license is now called the GNU Lesser General Public License, to "
+#| "avoid giving the idea that all libraries ought to use it. <a href=\"/"
+#| "philosophy/why-not-lgpl.html\"></a>."
msgid ""
"(1) This license is now called the GNU Lesser General Public License, to "
-"avoid giving the idea that all libraries ought to use it. <a href=\"/"
-"philosophy/why-not-lgpl.html\"></a>."
+"avoid giving the idea that all libraries ought to use it. See <a href=\"/"
+"philosophy/why-not-lgpl.html\">Why you shouldn't use the Lesser GPL for your "
+"next library</a> for more information."
msgstr ""
"(1) ÎÏ
Ïá½µ η άδεια Ïλέον ονομάζεÏαι ÎλάÏÏÏν
Îενική Îδεια ÎημÏÏÎ¹Î±Ï Î§ÏήÏÎ·Ï GNU "
"(GNU Lesser General Public License), á½½ÏÏε να μη δημιοÏ
Ïγεί Ïην ενÏá½»ÏÏÏη á½¹Ïι "
@@ -1402,10 +1520,12 @@
"philosophy/why-not-lgpl.html\"></a>."
# type: Content of: <h3>
+#. type: Content of: <h3>
msgid "Scratching an itch?"
msgstr "ΨαÏοÏ
λεÏονÏÎ±Ï Î¼Î¹Î± ÏαγοÏÏα;"
# type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <p>
msgid ""
"Eric Raymond says that “Every good work of software starts by "
"scratching a developer's personal itch.” Maybe that happens sometimes, "
@@ -1421,6 +1541,7 @@
"αÏ
θÏÏμηÏη διάθεÏη."
# type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <p>
msgid ""
"For example, we developed the GNU C library because a Unix-like system needs "
"a C library, BASH because a Unix-like system needs a shell, and GNU tar "
@@ -1435,6 +1556,7 @@
"GNU Make."
# type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <p>
msgid ""
"Some GNU programs were developed to cope with specific threats to our "
"freedom. Thus, we developed gzip to replace the Compress program, which had "
@@ -1459,6 +1581,7 @@
"να ÎÏοÏ
ν να διαλÎξοÏ
ν μεÏαξÏ
ιδιÏÏικÏÏηÏÎ±Ï ÎºÎ±Î¹ ελεÏ
θεÏίαÏ."
# type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <p>
msgid ""
"Of course, the people writing these programs became interested in the work, "
"and many features were added to them by various people for the sake of their "
@@ -1470,10 +1593,12 @@
"δεν είναι γι' αÏ
ÏÏ Ïο λÏγο ÏοÏ
Ï
ÏάÏÏοÏ
ν Ïα
ÏÏογÏάμμαÏα."
# type: Content of: <h3>
+#. type: Content of: <h3>
msgid "Unexpected developments"
msgstr "ÎÏÏοÏδÏκηÏÎµÏ ÎµÎ¾ÎµÎ»Î¯Î¾ÎµÎ¹Ï"
# type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <p>
msgid ""
"At the beginning of the GNU Project, I imagined that we would develop the "
"whole GNU system, then release it as a whole. That is not how it happened."
@@ -1483,6 +1608,7 @@
"ÏμÏÏ ÎÏÏι."
# type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <p>
msgid ""
"Since each component of the GNU system was implemented on a Unix system, "
"each component could run on Unix systems long before a complete GNU system "
@@ -1498,6 +1624,7 @@
"Unix, και μεÏικÎÏ ÏοÏÎÏ Ïε άλλα ÏÏ
ÏÏήμαÏα
εÏίÏηÏ."
# type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <p>
msgid ""
"The process made these programs much more powerful, and attracted both funds "
"and contributors to the GNU Project. But it probably also delayed "
@@ -1515,10 +1642,12 @@
"Ï
ÏάÏÏονÏÎ¿Ï ÏÏ
ÏÏαÏÎ¹ÎºÎ¿Ï Î¼ÎµÏά Ïο άλλο."
# type: Content of: <h3>
+#. type: Content of: <h3>
msgid "The GNU Hurd"
msgstr "Το GNU Hurd"
# type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <p>
msgid ""
"By 1990, the GNU system was almost complete; the only major missing "
"component was the kernel. We had decided to implement our kernel as a "
@@ -1540,6 +1669,7 @@
"ÏÏ ÎµÎ»ÎµÏθεÏο λογιÏμικÏ, ÏÏÏÏ ÎµÎ¯Ïε Ï
ÏοÏÏεθεί."
# type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <p>
msgid ""
"One reason for choosing this design was to avoid what seemed to be the "
"hardest part of the job: debugging a kernel program without a source-level "
@@ -1561,10 +1691,12 @@
"κάνοÏ
με Ïο Hurd να λειÏοÏ
Ïγεί ÏÏαθεÏά."
# type: Content of: <h3>
+#. type: Content of: <h3>
msgid "Alix"
msgstr "Alix"
# type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <p>
msgid ""
"The GNU kernel was not originally supposed to be called the Hurd. Its "
"original name was Alix—named after the woman who was my sweetheart at "
@@ -1583,6 +1715,7 @@
"με Îναν ÏÏ
Ïήνα ÏοÏ
θα λÎγεÏαι Alix."
# type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <p>
msgid ""
"It did not stay that way. Michael (now Thomas) Bushnell, the main developer "
"of the kernel, preferred the name Hurd, and redefined Alix to refer to a "
@@ -1596,6 +1729,7 @@
"κλήÏÎµÎ¹Ï ÏοÏ
ÏÏ
ÏÏήμαÏοÏ, ÏÏÎλνονÏαÏ
μηνÏμαÏα ÏÏοÏ
Ï Î´Î¹Î±ÎºÎ¿Î¼Î¹ÏÏá½³Ï ÏοÏ
Hurd."
# type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <p>
msgid ""
"Later, Alix and I broke up, and she changed her name; independently, the "
"Hurd design was changed so that the C library would send messages directly "
@@ -1607,6 +1741,7 @@
"ÏÏ
ÏÏαÏÎ¹ÎºÏ Alix να εξαÏανιÏÏεί αÏÏ Ïην Ïλη
ÏÏεδίαÏη."
# type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <p>
msgid ""
"But before these things happened, a friend of hers came across the name Alix "
"in the Hurd source code, and mentioned it to her. So she did have the "
@@ -1617,10 +1752,12 @@
"Îναν ÏÏ
Ïήνα με Ïο Ïνομά ÏηÏ."
# type: Content of: <h3>
+#. type: Content of: <h3>
msgid "Linux and GNU/Linux"
msgstr "Linux και GNU/Linux"
# type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <p>
msgid ""
"The GNU Hurd is not suitable for production use, and we don't know if it "
"ever will be. The capability-based design has problems that result directly "
@@ -1632,6 +1769,7 @@
"ξεκάθαÏο αν Ï
ÏάÏÏοÏ
ν λÏÏÎµÎ¹Ï Ï' αÏ
Ïά."
# type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <p>
msgid ""
"Fortunately, another kernel is available. In 1991, Linus Torvalds developed "
"a Unix-compatible kernel and called it Linux. In 1992, he made Linux free "
@@ -1649,6 +1787,7 @@
"μια ÎκδοÏη ÏοÏ
ÏÏ
ÏÏήμαÏÎ¿Ï GNU ÏήμεÏα."
# type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <p>
msgid ""
"We call this system version GNU/Linux, to express its composition as a "
"combination of the GNU system with Linux as the kernel."
@@ -1658,10 +1797,12 @@
"ÏÏ
Ïήνα."
# type: Content of: <h3>
+#. type: Content of: <h3>
msgid "Challenges in our future"
msgstr "Î ÏοκλήÏÎµÎ¹Ï ÏÏο μÎλλον μαÏ"
# type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <p>
msgid ""
"We have proved our ability to develop a broad spectrum of free software. "
"This does not mean we are invincible and unstoppable. Several challenges "
@@ -1680,14 +1821,17 @@
"κάÏοιον να ÏοÏ
Ï Ïην ÏάÏει."
# type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <p>
msgid "The following four sections discuss these challenges."
msgstr "Îι ακÏλοÏ
θοι ÏÎÏÏεÏÎ¹Ï ÏÎ¿Î¼ÎµÎ¯Ï Î±Î½Î±ÏÎÏοÏ
ν αÏ
ÏÎÏ ÏÎ¹Ï ÏÏοκλήÏειÏ."
# type: Content of: <h3>
+#. type: Content of: <h3>
msgid "Secret hardware"
msgstr "ΠμÏ
ÏÏικÏÏηÏα ÏοÏ
Ï
λικοÏ"
# type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <p>
msgid ""
"Hardware manufacturers increasingly tend to keep hardware specifications "
"secret. This makes it difficult to write free drivers so that Linux and "
@@ -1702,6 +1846,7 @@
"Ï
ÏοÏÏηÏίξοÏ
με ÏοÏ
Ï Î¼ÎµÎ»Î»Î¿Î½ÏικοÏÏ Ï
ÏολογιÏÏÎÏ."
# type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <p>
msgid ""
"There are two ways to cope with this problem. Programmers can do reverse "
"engineering to figure out how to support the hardware. The rest of us can "
@@ -1716,6 +1861,7 @@
"ÏÏοδιαγÏαÏÏν θα γίνει αÏ
ÏÏνομη αμÏ
νÏική
ÏολιÏική."
# type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <p>
msgid ""
"Reverse engineering is a big job; will we have programmers with sufficient "
"determination to undertake it? Yes—if we have built up a strong "
@@ -1734,6 +1880,7 @@
"διαδεδομÎνη."
# type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <p>
msgid ""
"(2008 note: this issue extends to the BIOS as well. There is a free BIOS, "
"coreboot; the problem is getting specs for machines so that coreboot can "
@@ -1744,10 +1891,12 @@
"ÏÎ¹Ï Î¼Î·ÏανÎÏ ÏÏÏε Ïο coreboot να μÏοÏεί να ÏÎ¹Ï Ï
ÏοÏÏηÏίξει.)"
# type: Content of: <h3>
+#. type: Content of: <h3>
msgid "Nonfree libraries"
msgstr "Îη ελεÏθεÏÎµÏ Î²Î¹Î²Î»Î¹Î¿Î¸Î®ÎºÎµÏ"
# type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <p>
msgid ""
"A nonfree library that runs on free operating systems acts as a trap for "
"free software developers. The library's attractive features are the bait; "
@@ -1769,6 +1918,7 @@
"μÎÏα ÏÏη Ïαγίδα."
# type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <p>
msgid ""
"The first instance of this problem was the Motif toolkit, back in the 80s. "
"Although there were as yet no free operating systems, it was clear what "
@@ -1791,6 +1941,7 @@
"Ïο 1997."
# type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <p>
msgid ""
"Between 1996 and 1998, another nonfree <acronym title=\"Graphical User "
"Interface\">GUI</acronym> toolkit library, called Qt, was used in a "
@@ -1803,6 +1954,7 @@
"ÏεÏιβάλλον <acronym title=\"K Desktop Environment\">KDE</acronym>."
# type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <p>
msgid ""
"Free GNU/Linux systems were unable to use KDE, because we could not use the "
"library. However, some commercial distributors of GNU/Linux systems who "
@@ -1823,6 +1975,7 @@
"Ï
ÏήÏÏε κάÏοιο ÏÏÏβλημα Ïε αÏ
ÏÏ. Î
καÏάÏÏαÏη Ïάνηκε δÏÏκολη."
# type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <p>
msgid ""
"The free software community responded to the problem in two ways: GNOME and "
"Harmony."
@@ -1831,6 +1984,7 @@
"Harmony."
# type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <p>
msgid ""
"GNOME, the GNU Network Object Model Environment, is GNU's desktop project. "
"Started in 1997 by Miguel de Icaza, and developed with the support of Red "
@@ -1850,6 +2004,7 @@
"λογιÏμικοÏ."
# type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <p>
msgid ""
"Harmony is a compatible replacement library, designed to make it possible to "
"run KDE software without using Qt."
@@ -1858,6 +2013,7 @@
"να κάνει δÏ
ναÏή Ïην εκÏÎλεÏη ÏοÏ
λογιÏÎ¼Î¹ÎºÎ¿Ï KDE ÏÏÏÎ¯Ï Ïη ÏÏήÏη ÏοÏ
Qt."
# type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <p>
msgid ""
"In November 1998, the developers of Qt announced a change of license which, "
"when carried out, should make Qt free software. There is no way to be sure, "
@@ -1873,6 +2029,7 @@
"αÏ
ÏÏ Î»Î¿Î¹ÏÏν ÏαÏαμÎνει εÏιθÏ
μηÏή η αÏοÏÏ
γή
ÏÏήÏÎ·Ï ÏοÏ
Qt)."
# type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <p>
msgid ""
"[Subsequent note: in September 2000, Qt was rereleased under the GNU GPL, "
"which essentially solved this problem.]"
@@ -1881,6 +2038,7 @@
"κίνηÏη ÏοÏ
οÏ
ÏιαÏÏικά ÎλÏ
Ïε αÏ
ÏÏ Ïο
ÏÏÏβλημα.]"
# type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <p>
msgid ""
"How will we respond to the next tempting nonfree library? Will the whole "
"community understand the need to stay out of the trap? Or will many of us "
@@ -1893,10 +2051,12 @@
"Îνα μείζον ÏÏÏβλημα; Το μÎλλον μαÏ
εξαÏÏάÏαι αÏÏ Ïην ÏιλοÏοÏία μαÏ."
# type: Content of: <h3>
+#. type: Content of: <h3>
msgid "Software patents"
msgstr "ΠαÏÎνÏÎµÏ Î»Î¿Î³Î¹ÏμικοÏ"
# type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <p>
msgid ""
"The worst threat we face comes from software patents, which can put "
"algorithms and features off limits to free software for up to twenty years. "
@@ -1919,6 +2079,7 @@
"ÏαÏÎνÏαÏ."
# type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <p>
msgid ""
"There are ways to cope with patents: we can search for evidence that a "
"patent is invalid, and we can look for alternative ways to do a job. But "
@@ -1936,6 +2097,7 @@
"ÏÏαν αÏ
ÏÏ ÏÏ
μβεί;"
# type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <p>
msgid ""
"Those of us who value free software for freedom's sake will stay with free "
"software anyway. We will manage to get work done without the patented "
@@ -1958,10 +2120,12 @@
"αÏÏÎÏ."
# type: Content of: <h3>
+#. type: Content of: <h3>
msgid "Free documentation"
msgstr "ÎλεÏθεÏη ΤεκμηÏίÏÏη"
# type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <p>
msgid ""
"The biggest deficiency in our free operating systems is not in the "
"software—it is the lack of good free manuals that we can include in "
@@ -1978,6 +2142,7 @@
"ÏεκμηÏίÏÏÎ·Ï Î»Î¿Î³Î¹ÏμικοÏ."
# type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <p>
msgid ""
"Free documentation, like free software, is a matter of freedom, not price. "
"The criterion for a free manual is pretty much the same as for free "
@@ -1994,6 +2159,7 @@
"να ÏÏ
νοδεÏει κάθε ανÏίγÏαÏο ÏοÏ
ÏÏογÏάμμαÏοÏ."
# type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <p>
msgid ""
"Permission for modification is crucial too. As a general rule, I don't "
"believe that it is essential for people to have permission to modify all "
@@ -2008,6 +2174,7 @@
"άÏθÏα ÏÏÏÏ Î±Ï
ÏÏ, Ïο οÏοίο ÏεÏιγÏάÏει ÏιÏ
κινήÏÎµÎ¹Ï ÎºÎ±Î¹ ÏÎ¹Ï Î±ÏÏÏÎµÎ¹Ï Î¼Î±Ï."
# type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <p>
msgid ""
"But there is a particular reason why the freedom to modify is crucial for "
"documentation for free software. When people exercise their right to modify "
@@ -2027,6 +2194,7 @@
"δοÏ
λειά, δεν καλÏÏÏει ÏÎ¹Ï Î±Î½Î¬Î³ÎºÎµÏ ÏηÏ
κοινÏÏηÏÎ¬Ï Î¼Î±Ï."
# type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <p>
msgid ""
"Some kinds of limits on how modifications are done pose no problem. For "
"example, requirements to preserve the original author's copyright notice, "
@@ -2053,6 +2221,7 @@
"εγÏειÏιδίοÏ
."
# type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <p>
msgid ""
"However, it must be possible to modify all the <em>technical</em> content of "
"the manual, and then distribute the result in all the usual media, through "
@@ -2066,6 +2235,7 @@
"εγÏειÏίδιο ÏαÏει να είναι ÏλÎον ελεÏθεÏο,
και ÏÏειαζÏμαÏÏε άλλο εγÏειÏίδιο."
# type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <p>
msgid ""
"Will free software developers have the awareness and determination to "
"produce a full spectrum of free manuals? Once again, our future depends on "
@@ -2077,10 +2247,12 @@
"μαÏ."
# type: Content of: <h3>
+#. type: Content of: <h3>
msgid "We must talk about freedom"
msgstr "Î ÏÎÏει να μιλάμε για Ïην ελεÏ
θεÏία"
# type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <p>
msgid ""
"Estimates today are that there are ten million users of GNU/Linux systems "
"such as Debian GNU/Linux and Red Hat “Linux”. Free software has "
@@ -2094,6 +2266,7 @@
"λÏγοÏ
Ï."
# type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <p>
msgid ""
"The good consequences of this are evident: more interest in developing free "
"software, more customers for free software businesses, and more ability to "
@@ -2108,6 +2281,7 @@
"ÏÏοÏÏνÏα λογιÏμικοÏ."
# type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <p>
msgid ""
"But interest in the software is growing faster than awareness of the "
"philosophy it is based on, and this leads to trouble. Our ability to meet "
@@ -2124,6 +2298,7 @@
"αÏ
Ïοί γίνονÏαι μÎÏÎ¿Ï ÏÎ·Ï ÎºÎ¿Î¹Î½ÏÏηÏαÏ."
# type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <p>
msgid ""
"But we are failing to do so: the efforts to attract new users into our "
"community are far outstripping the efforts to teach them the civics of our "
@@ -2137,10 +2312,12 @@
"δÏο ÏÏοÏÏÎ¬Î¸ÎµÎ¹ÎµÏ Ïε ιÏοÏÏοÏία."
# type: Content of: <h3>
+#. type: Content of: <h3>
msgid "“Open Source”"
msgstr "“ÎογιÏÎ¼Î¹ÎºÏ Î±Î½Î¿Î¹ÏÏÎ¿Ï ÎºÏδικα”"
# type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <p>
msgid ""
"Teaching new users about freedom became more difficult in 1998, when a part "
"of the community decided to stop using the term “free software” "
@@ -2152,6 +2329,7 @@
"ανοιÏÏÎ¿Ï ÎºÏδικα” ανÏίθεÏα."
# type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <p>
msgid ""
"Some who favored this term aimed to avoid the confusion of “"
"free” with “gratis”—a valid goal. Others, however, "
@@ -2174,6 +2352,7 @@
"ελεÏ
θεÏίαÏ, ÏÎ·Ï ÎºÎ¿Î¹Î½ÏÏηÏÎ±Ï ÎºÎ±Î¹ ÏÏν ηθικÏν
αÏÏÏν."
# type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <p>
msgid ""
"The “Linux” magazines are a clear example of this—they are "
"filled with advertisements for proprietary software that works with GNU/"
@@ -2187,6 +2366,7 @@
"ÏÏηÏιμοÏοιήÏοÏ
ν, á½µ θα καÏαÏÏÏοÏν
διαÏημίÏÎµÎ¹Ï Î³Î¹' αÏ
Ïά;"
# type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <p>
msgid ""
"The support of business can contribute to the community in many ways; all "
"else being equal, it is useful. But winning their support by speaking even "
@@ -2201,6 +2381,7 @@
"εÏιμÏÏÏÏÏηÏ."
# type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <p>
msgid ""
"“Free software” and “open source” describe the same "
"category of software, more or less, but say different things about the "
@@ -2216,10 +2397,12 @@
"ÏημανÏική."
# type: Content of: <h3>
+#. type: Content of: <h3>
msgid "Try!"
msgstr "Î ÏοÏÏαθήÏÏε!"
# type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <p>
msgid ""
"Yoda's aphorism (“There is no ‘try’”) sounds neat, "
"but it doesn't work for me. I have done most of my work while anxious about "
@@ -2237,6 +2420,7 @@
"μεÏικÎÏ ÏοÏÎÏ Ïο ÏÎÏÏ
Ïα."
# type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <p>
msgid ""
"Sometimes I failed; some of my cities have fallen. Then I found another "
"threatened city, and got ready for another battle. Over time, I've learned "
@@ -2250,6 +2434,7 @@
"άλλοÏ
Ï ÏÎ¬ÎºÎµÏ Î½Î± ÎÏθοÏ
ν και να ενÏθοÏν μαζί
μοÏ
."
# type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <p>
msgid ""
"Nowadays, often I'm not the only one. It is a relief and a joy when I see a "
"regiment of hackers digging in to hold the line, and I realize, this city "
@@ -2269,6 +2454,7 @@
# type: Content of: <div>
#. TRANSLATORS: Use space (SPC) as msgstr if you don't have notes.
+#. type: Content of: <div>
msgid "*GNUN-SLOT: TRANSLATOR'S NOTES*"
msgstr ""
"<b>ΣημειÏÏÎµÎ¹Ï ÏοÏ
μεÏαÏÏαÏÏή</b>:\n"
@@ -2281,12 +2467,37 @@
" "
# type: Content of: <div><p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "Please send FSF & GNU inquiries to <a
href=\"mailto:address@hidden";><"
+#| "address@hidden></a>. There are also <a href=\"/contact/\">other ways
to "
+#| "contact</a> the FSF. <br /> Please send broken links and other "
+#| "corrections or suggestions to <a href=\"mailto:address@hidden";><"
+#| "address@hidden></a>."
msgid ""
"Please send FSF & GNU inquiries to <a href=\"mailto:address@hidden";><"
"address@hidden></a>. There are also <a href=\"/contact/\">other ways to "
-"contact</a> the FSF. <br /> Please send broken links and other corrections "
-"or suggestions to <a href=\"mailto:address@hidden";><address@hidden"
-"org></a>."
+"contact</a> the FSF."
+msgstr ""
+"ΠαÏακαλοÏμε ÏÏείλÏε εÏÏÏήÏÎµÎ¹Ï Î³Î¹Î± Ïα ÎÎÎ
& GNU ÏÏο <a href=\"mailto:";
+"address@hidden"><address@hidden></a>. Î¥ÏάÏÏοÏ
ν εÏίÏÎ·Ï <a
href=\"/contact/"
+"\">άλλοι ÏÏÏÏοι για να εÏικοινÏνήÏεÏε</a> με
Ïο ÎÎÎ. <br /> ΠαÏακαλοÏμε "
+"ÏÏείλÏε ανενεÏγοÏÏ ÏÏ
νδÎÏμοÏ
Ï ÎºÎ±Î¹ άλλεÏ
διοÏθÏÏÎµÎ¹Ï Î® ÏÏοÏάÏÎµÎ¹Ï ÏÏο <a href="
+"\"mailto:address@hidden";><address@hidden></a>."
+
+# type: Content of: <div><p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "Please send FSF & GNU inquiries to <a
href=\"mailto:address@hidden";><"
+#| "address@hidden></a>. There are also <a href=\"/contact/\">other ways
to "
+#| "contact</a> the FSF. <br /> Please send broken links and other "
+#| "corrections or suggestions to <a href=\"mailto:address@hidden";><"
+#| "address@hidden></a>."
+msgid ""
+"Please send broken links and other corrections or suggestions to <a href="
+"\"mailto:address@hidden";><address@hidden></a>."
msgstr ""
"ΠαÏακαλοÏμε ÏÏείλÏε εÏÏÏήÏÎµÎ¹Ï Î³Î¹Î± Ïα ÎÎÎ
& GNU ÏÏο <a href=\"mailto:";
"address@hidden"><address@hidden></a>. Î¥ÏάÏÏοÏ
ν εÏίÏÎ·Ï <a
href=\"/contact/"
@@ -2295,6 +2506,7 @@
"\"mailto:address@hidden";><address@hidden></a>."
# type: Content of: <div><p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"Please see the <a href=\"/server/standards/README.translations.html"
"\">Translations README</a> for information on coordinating and submitting "
@@ -2304,11 +2516,23 @@
"\">ÎεÏαÏÏάÏÎµÎ¹Ï README</a> για ÏληÏοÏοÏίεÏ
ÏÏεÏικά με Ïο ÏÏ
νÏονιÏÎ¼Ï ÎºÎ±Î¹ Ïην "
"Ï
Ïοβολή μεÏαÏÏάÏεÏν αÏ
ÏÎ¿Ï ÏοÏ
άÏθÏοÏ
."
-# type: Content of: <div><p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"Copyright © 1998, 2001, 2002, 2005, 2006, 2007, 2008, 2010 Richard "
-"Stallman <br /> Verbatim copying and distribution of this entire article is "
-"permitted in any medium without royalty provided this notice is preserved."
+"Stallman"
+msgstr ""
+
+# type: Content of: <div><p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "Copyright © 1998, 2001, 2002, 2005, 2006, 2007, 2008, 2010 Richard "
+#| "Stallman <br /> Verbatim copying and distribution of this entire article "
+#| "is permitted in any medium without royalty provided this notice is "
+#| "preserved."
+msgid ""
+"Verbatim copying and distribution of this entire article is permitted in any "
+"medium without royalty provided this notice is preserved."
msgstr ""
"ΠνεÏ
μαÏικά δικαιÏμαÏα © 1998, 2001, 2002, 2005,
2006, 2007, 2008, 2010 "
"Richard Stallman <br /> ÎÏιÏÏÎÏεÏαι η καÏά λÎξη
ανÏιγÏαÏή και διανομή ÏλοÏ
"
@@ -2317,6 +2541,7 @@
# type: Content of: <div><div>
#. TRANSLATORS: Use space (SPC) as msgstr if you don't want credits.
+#. type: Content of: <div><div>
msgid "*GNUN-SLOT: TRANSLATOR'S CREDITS*"
msgstr ""
"ÎεÏάÏÏαÏη ÏÏα ελληνικά: <a
href=\"http://savannah.gnu.org/users/lafs";
@@ -2326,9 +2551,19 @@
# type: Content of: <div><p>
#. timestamp start
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid "Updated:"
msgstr "ÎνημεÏÏθηκε:"
# type: Content of: <div><h4>
+#. type: Content of: <div><h4>
msgid "Translations of this page"
msgstr "ÎεÏαÏÏάÏÎµÎ¹Ï Î±Ï
ÏÎ®Ï ÏÎ·Ï ÏελίδαÏ"
+
+# type: Content of: <blockquote><p>
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "If I am not for myself, who will be for me?<br /> If I am only for "
+#~ "myself, what am I?<br /> If not now, when?"
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "Îάν δεν είμαι για Ïον εαÏ
ÏÏ Î¼Î¿Ï
, ÏÎ¿Î¹Î¿Ï Î¸Î±
είναι για μÎνα;<br /> Îάν είμαι "
+#~ "μÏνο για Ïον εαÏ
ÏÏ Î¼Î¿Ï
, Ïι είμαι;<br /> Îάν
ÏÏι ÏÏÏα, ÏÏÏε;"
Index: gnu/po/thegnuproject.es.po
===================================================================
RCS file: /web/www/www/gnu/po/thegnuproject.es.po,v
retrieving revision 1.17
retrieving revision 1.18
diff -u -b -r1.17 -r1.18
--- gnu/po/thegnuproject.es.po 14 Nov 2010 01:27:45 -0000 1.17
+++ gnu/po/thegnuproject.es.po 9 Jul 2011 16:28:44 -0000 1.18
@@ -15,7 +15,7 @@
msgstr ""
"Project-Id-Version: thegnuproject.es.html\n"
"Report-Msgid-Bugs-To: \n"
-"POT-Creation-Date: 2010-11-12 20:27-0500\n"
+"POT-Creation-Date: 2011-07-09 12:28-0300\n"
"PO-Revision-Date: 2010-11-13 21:52+0100\n"
"Last-Translator: Xavier Reina <address@hidden>\n"
"Language-Team: Spanish <address@hidden>\n"
@@ -24,20 +24,24 @@
"Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit\n"
# type: Content of: <title>
+#. type: Content of: <title>
msgid "About the GNU Project - GNU Project - Free Software Foundation (FSF)"
msgstr "Sobre el proyecto GNU - Proyecto GNU - Free Software Foundation (FSF)"
# type: Attribute 'content' of: <meta>
+#. type: Attribute 'content' of: <meta>
msgid "GNU, GNU Project, FSF, Free Software, Free Software Foundation, History"
msgstr ""
"GNU, Proyecto GNU, FSF, software libre, Fundación por el Software Libre, "
"Free Software Foudation, Historia"
# type: Content of: <h2>
+#. type: Content of: <h2>
msgid "The GNU Project"
msgstr "El Proyecto GNU"
# type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <p>
msgid ""
"by <a href=\"http://www.stallman.org/\";><strong>Richard Stallman</strong></a>"
msgstr ""
@@ -45,6 +49,7 @@
"a>"
# type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <p>
msgid ""
"the original version was published in the book “Open Sources”"
msgstr ""
@@ -52,10 +57,12 @@
"\">Open Sources</span>»"
# type: Content of: <h3>
+#. type: Content of: <h3>
msgid "The first software-sharing community"
msgstr "La primera comunidad que comparte software"
# type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <p>
msgid ""
"When I started working at the <acronym title=\"Massachusetts Institute of "
"Technology\">MIT</acronym> Artificial Intelligence Lab in 1971, I became "
@@ -74,6 +81,7 @@
"mayorÃa."
# type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <p>
msgid ""
"The AI Lab used a timesharing operating system called <acronym title="
"\"Incompatible Timesharing System\">ITS</acronym> (the Incompatible "
@@ -93,6 +101,7 @@
"administración del Laboratorio de IA, mi trabajo era mejorar este sistema."
# type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <p>
msgid ""
"We did not call our software “free software”, because that term "
"did not yet exist; but that is what it was. Whenever people from another "
@@ -109,6 +118,7 @@
"leerlo, modificarlo, o tomar partes del mismo para hacer un nuevo programa."
# type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <p>
msgid ""
"(1) The use of “hacker” to mean “security breaker” "
"is a confusion on the part of the mass media. We hackers refuse to "
@@ -126,10 +136,12 @@
"inglés)."
# type: Content of: <h3>
+#. type: Content of: <h3>
msgid "The collapse of the community"
msgstr "El colapso de la comunidad"
# type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <p>
msgid ""
"The situation changed drastically in the early 1980s when Digital "
"discontinued the PDP-10 series. Its architecture, elegant and powerful in "
@@ -144,6 +156,7 @@
"programas que componÃan ITS se volvieron obsoletos."
# type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <p>
msgid ""
"The AI Lab hacker community had already collapsed, not long before. In "
"1981, the spin-off company Symbolics had hired away nearly all of the "
@@ -163,6 +176,7 @@
"que no era libre de Digital en lugar de ITS."
# type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <p>
msgid ""
"The modern computers of the era, such as the VAX or the 68020, had their own "
"operating systems, but none of them were free software: you had to sign a "
@@ -174,6 +188,7 @@
"ejecutable. "
# type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <p>
msgid ""
"This meant that the first step in using a computer was to promise not to "
"help your neighbor. A cooperating community was forbidden. The rule made "
@@ -188,6 +203,7 @@
"ruéguenos para que lo hagamos». "
# type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <p>
msgid ""
"The idea that the proprietary software social system—the system that "
"says you are not allowed to share or change software—is antisocial, "
@@ -212,6 +228,7 @@
"manera de ver el tema."
# type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <p>
msgid ""
"When software publishers talk about “enforcing” their “"
"rights” or “stopping <a href=\"/philosophy/words-to-avoid."
@@ -228,6 +245,7 @@
"sin examinarlas. Vamos a examinarlas."
# type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <p>
msgid ""
"One assumption is that software companies have an unquestionable natural "
"right to own software and thus have power over all its users. (If this were "
@@ -247,6 +265,7 @@
"usuarios."
# type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <p>
msgid ""
"Another unstated assumption is that the only important thing about software "
"is what jobs it allows you to do—that we computer users should not "
@@ -257,6 +276,7 @@
"computadoras no nos debe importar qué clase de sociedad nos permiten tener."
# type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <p>
msgid ""
"A third assumption is that we would have no usable software (or would never "
"have a program to do this or that particular job) if we did not offer a "
@@ -272,6 +292,7 @@
"ponerle cadenas."
# type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <p>
msgid ""
"If we decline to accept these assumptions, and judge these issues based on "
"ordinary commonsense morality while placing the users first, we arrive at "
@@ -287,6 +308,7 @@
"porque la base de la sociedad está en ayudar a las demás personas."
# type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <p>
msgid ""
"There is no room here for an extensive statement of the reasoning behind "
"this conclusion, so I refer the reader to the web page, <a href=\"/"
@@ -298,10 +320,12 @@
"philosophy/why-free.es.html</a>."
# type: Content of: <h3>
+#. type: Content of: <h3>
msgid "A stark moral choice."
msgstr "Una elección moral severa."
# type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <p>
msgid ""
"With my community gone, to continue as before was impossible. Instead, I "
"faced a stark moral choice."
@@ -310,6 +334,7 @@
"lugar de ello, me enfrenté a una elección moral severa."
# type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <p>
msgid ""
"The easy choice was to join the proprietary software world, signing "
"nondisclosure agreements and promising not to help my fellow hacker. Most "
@@ -324,6 +349,7 @@
"sobre otras personas para que traicionen a sus compañeros."
# type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <p>
msgid ""
"I could have made money this way, and perhaps amused myself writing code. "
"But I knew that at the end of my career, I would look back on years of "
@@ -336,6 +362,7 @@
"mi vida para hacer al mundo un lugar peor."
# type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <p>
msgid ""
"I had already experienced being on the receiving end of a nondisclosure "
"agreement, when someone refused to give me and the MIT AI Lab the source "
@@ -355,6 +382,7 @@
"podÃa cambiarme de lugar y hacerle lo mismo a todos los demás."
# type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <p>
msgid ""
"Another choice, straightforward but unpleasant, was to leave the computer "
"field. That way my skills would not be misused, but they would still be "
@@ -367,6 +395,7 @@
"usuarios de computadoras, pero ello sucederÃa igual."
# type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <p>
msgid ""
"So I looked for a way that a programmer could do something for the good. I "
"asked myself, was there a program or programs that I could write, so as to "
@@ -377,6 +406,7 @@
"de tal manera de hacer posible una comunidad nuevamente?"
# type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <p>
msgid ""
"The answer was clear: what was needed first was an operating system. That "
"is the crucial software for starting to use a computer. With an operating "
@@ -395,6 +425,7 @@
"sin que de movida conspire a favor de la privación de sus amigos."
# type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <p>
msgid ""
"As an operating system developer, I had the right skills for this job. So "
"even though I could not take success for granted, I realized that I was "
@@ -412,6 +443,7 @@
"Unix»."
# type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <p>
msgid ""
"An operating system does not mean just a kernel, barely enough to run other "
"programs. In the 1970s, every operating system worthy of the name included "
@@ -427,23 +459,30 @@
"sistema operativo GNU los incluirÃa también."
# type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <p>
msgid "Later I heard these words, attributed to Hillel (1):"
msgstr "Más adelante escuché estas palabras, atribuÃdas a Hillel (1):"
-# type: Content of: <blockquote><p>
-msgid ""
-"If I am not for myself, who will be for me?<br /> If I am only for myself, "
-"what am I?<br /> If not now, when?"
+#. type: Content of: <blockquote><p>
+msgid "If I am not for myself, who will be for me?"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <blockquote><p>
+msgid "If I am only for myself, what am I?"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <blockquote><p>
+msgid "If not now, when?"
msgstr ""
-"Si yo no me preocupo por mà mismo, ¿Quién lo hará?<br /> Si sólo me
preocupo "
-"por mà mismo, ¿Qué soy?<br /> Si no lo hago ahora, ¿Cuándo?"
# type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <p>
msgid "The decision to start the GNU Project was based on a similar spirit."
msgstr ""
"La decisión de comenzar el Proyecto GNU se basó en un espÃritu similar."
# type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <p>
msgid ""
"(1) As an Atheist, I don't follow any religious leaders, but I sometimes "
"find I admire something one of them has said."
@@ -452,10 +491,12 @@
"encuentro que admiro algo que ha dicho uno de ellos."
# type: Content of: <h3>
+#. type: Content of: <h3>
msgid "Free as in freedom"
msgstr "Libre como en libertad"
# type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <p>
msgid ""
"The term “free software” is sometimes misunderstood—it has "
"nothing to do with price. It is about freedom. Here, therefore, is the "
@@ -468,17 +509,20 @@
"software libre."
# type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <p>
msgid "A program is free software, for you, a particular user, if:"
msgstr ""
"Un programa es software libre para usted, un usuario en particular, si:"
# type: Content of: <ul><li>
+#. type: Content of: <ul><li>
msgid "You have the freedom to run the program as you wish, for any purpose."
msgstr ""
"Tiene la libertad de ejecutar el programa, como quiera, para cualquier "
"propósito."
# type: Content of: <ul><li>
+#. type: Content of: <ul><li>
msgid ""
"You have the freedom to modify the program to suit your needs. (To make "
"this freedom effective in practice, you must have access to the source code, "
@@ -491,12 +535,14 @@
"extraordinariamente difÃcil.)."
# type: Content of: <ul><li>
+#. type: Content of: <ul><li>
msgid ""
"You have the freedom to redistribute copies, either gratis or for a fee."
msgstr ""
"Tiene la libertad para redistribuir copias, tanto gratis como por un precio."
# type: Content of: <ul><li>
+#. type: Content of: <ul><li>
msgid ""
"You have the freedom to distribute modified versions of the program, so that "
"the community can benefit from your improvements."
@@ -505,6 +551,7 @@
"modo que la comunidad pueda beneficiarse de sus mejoras."
# type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <p>
msgid ""
"Since “free” refers to freedom, not to price, there is no "
"contradiction between selling copies and free software. In fact, the "
@@ -522,6 +569,7 @@
"colecciones, el programa no es software libre."
# type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <p>
msgid ""
"Because of the ambiguity of “free”, people have long looked for "
"alternatives, but no one has found a better term. The English language has "
@@ -544,10 +592,12 @@
"incorrecto o alguna otra desventaja."
# type: Content of: <h3>
+#. type: Content of: <h3>
msgid "GNU software and the GNU system"
msgstr "Software de GNU y el sistema GNU"
# type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <p>
msgid ""
"Developing a whole system is a very large project. To bring it into reach, "
"I decided to adapt and use existing pieces of free software wherever that "
@@ -563,6 +613,7 @@
"escribir otro sistema de ventanas para GNU."
# type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <p>
msgid ""
"Because of this decision, the GNU system is not the same as the collection "
"of all GNU software. The GNU system includes programs that are not GNU "
@@ -576,10 +627,12 @@
"porque constituyen software libre."
# type: Content of: <h3>
+#. type: Content of: <h3>
msgid "Commencing the project"
msgstr "El inicio del proyecto"
# type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <p>
msgid ""
"In January 1984 I quit my job at MIT and began writing GNU software. "
"Leaving MIT was necessary so that MIT would not be able to interfere with "
@@ -601,6 +654,7 @@
"nueva comunidad para compartir software."
# type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <p>
msgid ""
"However, Professor Winston, then the head of the MIT AI Lab, kindly invited "
"me to keep using the lab's facilities."
@@ -610,10 +664,12 @@
"del laboratorio."
# type: Content of: <h3>
+#. type: Content of: <h3>
msgid "The first steps"
msgstr "Los primeros pasos"
# type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <p>
msgid ""
"Shortly before beginning the GNU Project, I heard about the Free University "
"Compiler Kit, also known as VUCK. (The Dutch word for “free” is "
@@ -630,6 +686,7 @@
"para consultarle si GNU lo podrÃa usar."
# type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <p>
msgid ""
"He responded derisively, stating that the university was free but the "
"compiler was not. I therefore decided that my first program for the GNU "
@@ -640,6 +697,7 @@
"para el proyecto GNU serÃa un compilador multilenguaje y multiplataforma."
# type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <p>
msgid ""
"Hoping to avoid the need to write the whole compiler myself, I obtained the "
"source code for the Pastel compiler, which was a multiplatform compiler "
@@ -661,6 +719,7 @@
"68000 sólo permitÃan 64k."
# type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <p>
msgid ""
"I then realized that the Pastel compiler functioned by parsing the entire "
"input file into a syntax tree, converting the whole syntax tree into a chain "
@@ -683,10 +742,12 @@
"primero trabajé en Emacs de GNU."
# type: Content of: <h3>
+#. type: Content of: <h3>
msgid "GNU Emacs"
msgstr "Emacs de GNU"
# type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <p>
msgid ""
"I began work on GNU Emacs in September 1984, and in early 1985 it was "
"beginning to be usable. This enabled me to begin using Unix systems to do "
@@ -700,6 +761,7 @@
"hasta ese momento."
# type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <p>
msgid ""
"At this point, people began wanting to use GNU Emacs, which raised the "
"question of how to distribute it. Of course, I put it on the anonymous ftp "
@@ -720,6 +782,7 @@
"copia por FTP. Asà que la pregunta era, ¿qué deberÃa decirles?"
# type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <p>
msgid ""
"I could have said, “Find a friend who is on the net and who will make "
"a copy for you.” Or I could have done what I did with the original PDP-"
@@ -743,10 +806,12 @@
"basados en Linux."
# type: Content of: <h3>
+#. type: Content of: <h3>
msgid "Is a program free for every user?"
msgstr "¿Es el programa libre para cualquier usuario?"
# type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <p>
msgid ""
"If a program is free software when it leaves the hands of its author, this "
"does not necessarily mean it will be free software for everyone who has a "
@@ -768,6 +833,7 @@
"modificadas privativas."
# type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <p>
msgid ""
"The paradigmatic example of this problem is the X Window System. Developed "
"at MIT, and released as free software with a permissive license, it was soon "
@@ -783,6 +849,7 @@
"tan software libre como lo era Unix."
# type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <p>
msgid ""
"The developers of the X Window System did not consider this a problem—"
"they expected and intended this to happen. Their goal was not freedom, just "
@@ -795,6 +862,7 @@
"preocupaba si esos usuarios tenÃan libertad, sólo que fueran numerosos."
# type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <p>
msgid ""
"This led to a paradoxical situation where two different ways of counting the "
"amount of freedom gave different answers to the question, “Is this "
@@ -814,10 +882,12 @@
"que venÃan con los sistemas Unix, no la versión libre."
# type: Content of: <h3>
+#. type: Content of: <h3>
msgid "Copyleft and the GNU GPL"
msgstr "El copyleft y la GPL de GNU"
# type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <p>
msgid ""
"The goal of GNU was to give users freedom, not just to be popular. So we "
"needed to use distribution terms that would prevent GNU software from being "
@@ -830,6 +900,7 @@
"denomina .«copyleft».(1)"
# type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <p>
msgid ""
"Copyleft uses copyright law, but flips it over to serve the opposite of its "
"usual purpose: instead of a means for restricting a program, it becomes a "
@@ -840,6 +911,7 @@
"programa, se transforma en un medio para mantener al programa libre."
# type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <p>
msgid ""
"The central idea of copyleft is that we give everyone permission to run the "
"program, copy the program, modify the program, and distribute modified "
@@ -855,6 +927,7 @@
"copia; se transforman en derechos inalienables."
# type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <p>
msgid ""
"For an effective copyleft, modified versions must also be free. This "
"ensures that work based on ours becomes available to our community if it is "
@@ -872,6 +945,7 @@
"nuestra versión privativa del programa»."
# type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <p>
msgid ""
"The requirement that changes must be free is essential if we want to ensure "
"freedom for every user of the program. The companies that privatized the X "
@@ -889,6 +963,7 @@
"fácil para cualquiera tomar ventaja de la excusa."
# type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <p>
msgid ""
"A related issue concerns combining a free program with nonfree code. Such a "
"combination would inevitably be nonfree; whichever freedoms are lacking for "
@@ -908,6 +983,7 @@
"total sea también libre, y esté bajo copyleft."
# type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <p>
msgid ""
"The specific implementation of copyleft that we use for most GNU software is "
"the GNU General Public License, or GNU GPL for short. We have other kinds "
@@ -923,6 +999,7 @@
"complejidad de la GPL de GNU para los manuales.(2)"
# type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <p>
msgid ""
"(1) In 1984 or 1985, Don Hopkins (a very imaginative fellow) mailed me a "
"letter. On the envelope he had written several amusing sayings, including "
@@ -937,6 +1014,7 @@
"desarrollando en esa época."
# type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <p>
msgid ""
"(2) We now use the <a href=\"/licenses/fdl.html\">GNU Free Documentation "
"License</a> for documentation."
@@ -945,10 +1023,12 @@
"\">Licencia de documentación libre de GNU</a> (FDL de GNU)."
# type: Content of: <h3>
+#. type: Content of: <h3>
msgid "The Free Software Foundation"
msgstr "La Fundación para el Software Libre"
# type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <p>
msgid ""
"As interest in using Emacs was growing, other people became involved in the "
"GNU project, and we decided that it was time to seek funding once again. So "
@@ -970,6 +1050,7 @@
"venta de manuales libres."
# type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <p>
msgid ""
"Most of the FSF's income used to come from sales of copies of free software "
"and of other related services (CD-ROMs of source code, CD-ROMs with "
@@ -991,6 +1072,7 @@
"href=\"http://fsf.org/join\";>fsf.org</a>."
# type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <p>
msgid ""
"Free Software Foundation employees have written and maintained a number of "
"GNU software packages. Two notable ones are the C library and the shell. "
@@ -1011,6 +1093,7 @@
"Fox."
# type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <p>
msgid ""
"We funded development of these programs because the GNU Project was not just "
"about tools or a development environment. Our goal was a complete operating "
@@ -1022,6 +1105,7 @@
"meta."
# type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <p>
msgid ""
"(1) “Bourne Again Shell” is a play on the name “Bourne "
"Shell”, which was the usual shell on Unix."
@@ -1030,10 +1114,12 @@
"consola habitual en Unix."
# type: Content of: <h3>
+#. type: Content of: <h3>
msgid "Free software support"
msgstr "Apoyo para el software libre"
# type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <p>
msgid ""
"The free software philosophy rejects a specific widespread business "
"practice, but it is not against business. When businesses respect the "
@@ -1044,6 +1130,7 @@
"respetan la libertad de los usuarios, les deseamos éxito."
# type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <p>
msgid ""
"Selling copies of Emacs demonstrates one kind of free software business. "
"When the FSF took over that business, I needed another way to make a "
@@ -1060,6 +1147,7 @@
"mayoritariamente migrar GCC a nuevas plataformas."
# type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <p>
msgid ""
"Today each of these kinds of free software business is practiced by a number "
"of corporations. Some distribute free software collections on CD-ROM; "
@@ -1075,6 +1163,7 @@
"libre basadas en el lanzamiento de nuevos productos de software libre."
# type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <p>
msgid ""
"Watch out, though—a number of companies that associate themselves with "
"the term “open source” actually base their business on nonfree "
@@ -1095,10 +1184,12 @@
"denominarlos paquetes de «libertades sustraÃdas»"
# type: Content of: <h3>
+#. type: Content of: <h3>
msgid "Technical goals"
msgstr "Metas técnicas"
# type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <p>
msgid ""
"The principal goal of GNU is to be free software. Even if GNU had no "
"technical advantage over Unix, it would have a social advantage, allowing "
@@ -1110,6 +1201,7 @@
"usuarios."
# type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <p>
msgid ""
"But it was natural to apply the known standards of good practice to the "
"work—for example, dynamically allocating data structures to avoid "
@@ -1122,6 +1214,7 @@
"códigos de 8 bits cuando tuviese sentido."
# type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <p>
msgid ""
"In addition, we rejected the Unix focus on small memory size, by deciding "
"not to support 16-bit machines (it was clear that 32-bit machines would be "
@@ -1141,6 +1234,7 @@
"tener que preocuparse por la E/S."
# type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <p>
msgid ""
"These decisions enabled many GNU programs to surpass their Unix counterparts "
"in reliability and speed."
@@ -1149,10 +1243,12 @@
"contrapartidas Unix en confiabilidad y velocidad."
# type: Content of: <h3>
+#. type: Content of: <h3>
msgid "Donated computers"
msgstr "Computadoras donadas"
# type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <p>
msgid ""
"As the GNU Project's reputation grew, people began offering to donate "
"machines running Unix to the project. These were very useful, because the "
@@ -1168,6 +1264,7 @@
"nosotros siquiera tener una copia de Unix."
# type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <p>
msgid ""
"Unix was (and is) proprietary software, and the GNU Project's philosophy "
"said that we should not use proprietary software. But, applying the same "
@@ -1184,6 +1281,7 @@
"a dejar de usar el paquete privativo."
# type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <p>
msgid ""
"But, even if this was a justifiable evil, it was still an evil. Today we no "
"longer have any copies of Unix, because we have replaced them with free "
@@ -1197,10 +1295,12 @@
"lugar."
# type: Content of: <h3>
+#. type: Content of: <h3>
msgid "The GNU Task List"
msgstr "La lista de tareas de GNU"
# type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <p>
msgid ""
"As the GNU Project proceeded, and increasing numbers of system components "
"were found or developed, eventually it became useful to make a list of the "
@@ -1220,6 +1320,7 @@
"verdaderamente completo."
# type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <p>
msgid ""
"Today (1), hardly any Unix components are left in the GNU Task List—"
"those jobs had been done, aside from a few inessential ones. But the list "
@@ -1234,6 +1335,7 @@
"usuarios serÃa algo útil para añadir a un sistema operativo."
# type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <p>
msgid ""
"Even games are included in the task list—and have been since the "
"beginning. Unix included games, so naturally GNU should too. But "
@@ -1249,6 +1351,7 @@
"usuarios."
# type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <p>
msgid ""
"(1) That was written in 1998. In 2009 we no longer maintain a long task "
"list. The community develops free software so fast that we can't even keep "
@@ -1262,10 +1365,12 @@
"corta que queremos animar a la gente a escribir."
# type: Content of: <h3>
+#. type: Content of: <h3>
msgid "The GNU Library GPL"
msgstr "La GPL para bibliotecas de GNU"
# type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <p>
msgid ""
"The GNU C library uses a special kind of copyleft called the GNU Library "
"General Public License(1), which gives permission to link proprietary "
@@ -1277,6 +1382,7 @@
"biblioteca. ¿Por qué hacer esta excepción?"
# type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <p>
msgid ""
"It is not a matter of principle; there is no principle that says proprietary "
"software products are entitled to include our code. (Why contribute to a "
@@ -1290,6 +1396,7 @@
"una cuestión de estrategia."
# type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <p>
msgid ""
"The C library does a generic job; every proprietary system or compiler comes "
"with a C library. Therefore, to make our C library available only to free "
@@ -1303,6 +1410,7 @@
"biblioteca."
# type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <p>
msgid ""
"One system is an exception to this: on the GNU system (and this includes GNU/"
"Linux), the GNU C library is the only C library. So the distribution terms "
@@ -1324,6 +1432,7 @@
"estrategia para la biblioteca de C."
# type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <p>
msgid ""
"For other libraries, the strategic decision needs to be considered on a case-"
"by-case basis. When a library does a special job that can help write "
@@ -1339,6 +1448,7 @@
"software privativo."
# type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <p>
msgid ""
"Consider GNU Readline, a library that was developed to provide command-line "
"editing for BASH. Readline is released under the ordinary GNU GPL, not the "
@@ -1356,6 +1466,7 @@
"ganancia real para la comunidad."
# type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <p>
msgid ""
"Proprietary software developers have the advantages money provides; free "
"software developers need to make advantages for each other. I hope some day "
@@ -1373,10 +1484,17 @@
"desarrollo futuro de software libre."
# type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "(1) This license is now called the GNU Lesser General Public License, to "
+#| "avoid giving the idea that all libraries ought to use it. <a href=\"/"
+#| "philosophy/why-not-lgpl.html\"></a>."
msgid ""
"(1) This license is now called the GNU Lesser General Public License, to "
-"avoid giving the idea that all libraries ought to use it. <a href=\"/"
-"philosophy/why-not-lgpl.html\"></a>."
+"avoid giving the idea that all libraries ought to use it. See <a href=\"/"
+"philosophy/why-not-lgpl.html\">Why you shouldn't use the Lesser GPL for your "
+"next library</a> for more information."
msgstr ""
"(1) Esta licencia ahora se llama GNU Lesser General Public License (Licencia "
"Pública General Reducida de GNU), para evitar dar la idea que todas las "
@@ -1384,10 +1502,12 @@
"a>."
# type: Content of: <h3>
+#. type: Content of: <h3>
msgid "Scratching an itch?"
msgstr "¿Rascarse una picadura?"
# type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <p>
msgid ""
"Eric Raymond says that “Every good work of software starts by "
"scratching a developer's personal itch.” Maybe that happens sometimes, "
@@ -1402,6 +1522,7 @@
"Vinieron desde una visión y un plan, no desde el impulso."
# type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <p>
msgid ""
"For example, we developed the GNU C library because a Unix-like system needs "
"a C library, BASH because a Unix-like system needs a shell, and GNU tar "
@@ -1415,6 +1536,7 @@
"compilador C de GNU, Emacs de GNU, GDB y Make de GNU."
# type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <p>
msgid ""
"Some GNU programs were developed to cope with specific threats to our "
"freedom. Thus, we developed gzip to replace the Compress program, which had "
@@ -1438,6 +1560,7 @@
"usuarios no deben verse obligados a elegir entre privacidad y libertad."
# type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <p>
msgid ""
"Of course, the people writing these programs became interested in the work, "
"and many features were added to them by various people for the sake of their "
@@ -1449,10 +1572,12 @@
"el cual existe el programa."
# type: Content of: <h3>
+#. type: Content of: <h3>
msgid "Unexpected developments"
msgstr "Situaciones inesperadas"
# type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <p>
msgid ""
"At the beginning of the GNU Project, I imagined that we would develop the "
"whole GNU system, then release it as a whole. That is not how it happened."
@@ -1461,6 +1586,7 @@
"completo, y luego lo entregarÃamos como un todo. No es asà como sucedió."
# type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <p>
msgid ""
"Since each component of the GNU system was implemented on a Unix system, "
"each component could run on Unix systems long before a complete GNU system "
@@ -1475,6 +1601,7 @@
"incompatibles de Unix, y algunas veces a otros sistemas también."
# type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <p>
msgid ""
"The process made these programs much more powerful, and attracted both funds "
"and contributors to the GNU Project. But it probably also delayed "
@@ -1492,10 +1619,12 @@
"que faltaban"
# type: Content of: <h3>
+#. type: Content of: <h3>
msgid "The GNU Hurd"
msgstr "El Hurd de GNU"
# type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <p>
msgid ""
"By 1990, the GNU system was almost complete; the only major missing "
"component was the kernel. We had decided to implement our kernel as a "
@@ -1517,6 +1646,7 @@
"prometido."
# type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <p>
msgid ""
"One reason for choosing this design was to avoid what seemed to be the "
"hardest part of the job: debugging a kernel program without a source-level "
@@ -1536,10 +1666,12 @@
"varios años."
# type: Content of: <h3>
+#. type: Content of: <h3>
msgid "Alix"
msgstr "Alix"
# type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <p>
msgid ""
"The GNU kernel was not originally supposed to be called the Hurd. Its "
"original name was Alix—named after the woman who was my sweetheart at "
@@ -1557,6 +1689,7 @@
"Alix."
# type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <p>
msgid ""
"It did not stay that way. Michael (now Thomas) Bushnell, the main developer "
"of the kernel, preferred the name Hurd, and redefined Alix to refer to a "
@@ -1569,6 +1702,7 @@
"sistema y las maneja por medio del envÃo de mensajes a los servidores Hurd."
# type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <p>
msgid ""
"Later, Alix and I broke up, and she changed her name; independently, the "
"Hurd design was changed so that the C library would send messages directly "
@@ -1580,6 +1714,7 @@
"componente Alix desapareciera del diseño."
# type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <p>
msgid ""
"But before these things happened, a friend of hers came across the name Alix "
"in the Hurd source code, and mentioned it to her. So she did have the "
@@ -1590,10 +1725,12 @@
"oportunidad de encontrar que se puso el nombre al núcleo por ella."
# type: Content of: <h3>
+#. type: Content of: <h3>
msgid "Linux and GNU/Linux"
msgstr "Linux y GNU/Linux"
# type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <p>
msgid ""
"The GNU Hurd is not suitable for production use, and we don't know if it "
"ever will be. The capability-based design has problems that result directly "
@@ -1605,6 +1742,7 @@
"soluciones claras."
# type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <p>
msgid ""
"Fortunately, another kernel is available. In 1991, Linus Torvalds developed "
"a Unix-compatible kernel and called it Linux. In 1992, he made Linux free "
@@ -1621,6 +1759,7 @@
"un sistema GNU en la actualidad."
# type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <p>
msgid ""
"We call this system version GNU/Linux, to express its composition as a "
"combination of the GNU system with Linux as the kernel."
@@ -1629,10 +1768,12 @@
"composición como una combinación del sistema GNU con Linux como el núcleo."
# type: Content of: <h3>
+#. type: Content of: <h3>
msgid "Challenges in our future"
msgstr "DesafÃos en nuestro futuro"
# type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <p>
msgid ""
"We have proved our ability to develop a broad spectrum of free software. "
"This does not mean we are invincible and unstoppable. Several challenges "
@@ -1650,14 +1791,17 @@
"quite."
# type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <p>
msgid "The following four sections discuss these challenges."
msgstr "Las siguientes cuatro secciones discuten dichos desafÃos."
# type: Content of: <h3>
+#. type: Content of: <h3>
msgid "Secret hardware"
msgstr "Hardware secreto"
# type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <p>
msgid ""
"Hardware manufacturers increasingly tend to keep hardware specifications "
"secret. This makes it difficult to write free drivers so that Linux and "
@@ -1671,6 +1815,7 @@
"las computadoras del mañana."
# type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <p>
msgid ""
"There are two ways to cope with this problem. Programmers can do reverse "
"engineering to figure out how to support the hardware. The rest of us can "
@@ -1684,6 +1829,7 @@
"especificaciones se transformará en una polÃtica contraproducente."
# type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <p>
msgid ""
"Reverse engineering is a big job; will we have programmers with sufficient "
"determination to undertake it? Yes—if we have built up a strong "
@@ -1701,6 +1847,7 @@
"la determinación para tener libertad."
# type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <p>
msgid ""
"(2008 note: this issue extends to the BIOS as well. There is a free BIOS, "
"coreboot; the problem is getting specs for machines so that coreboot can "
@@ -1711,10 +1858,12 @@
"máquinas para que coreboot pueda reconocerlas.)"
# type: Content of: <h3>
+#. type: Content of: <h3>
msgid "Nonfree libraries"
msgstr "Bibliotecas que no son libres"
# type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <p>
msgid ""
"A nonfree library that runs on free operating systems acts as a trap for "
"free software developers. The library's attractive features are the bait; "
@@ -1734,6 +1883,7 @@
"a otros programadores incautos dentro de la trampa."
# type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <p>
msgid ""
"The first instance of this problem was the Motif toolkit, back in the 80s. "
"Although there were as yet no free operating systems, it was clear what "
@@ -1755,6 +1905,7 @@
"mayorÃa de las aplicaciones Motif a principios de 1997."
# type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <p>
msgid ""
"Between 1996 and 1998, another nonfree <acronym title=\"Graphical User "
"Interface\">GUI</acronym> toolkit library, called Qt, was used in a "
@@ -1767,6 +1918,7 @@
"title=\"K Desktop Environment\">KDE</acronym>."
# type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <p>
msgid ""
"Free GNU/Linux systems were unable to use KDE, because we could not use the "
"library. However, some commercial distributors of GNU/Linux systems who "
@@ -1785,6 +1937,7 @@
"habÃa un problema con esto. La situación se presentaba lúgubre."
# type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <p>
msgid ""
"The free software community responded to the problem in two ways: GNOME and "
"Harmony."
@@ -1793,6 +1946,7 @@
"GNOME y Harmony."
# type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <p>
msgid ""
"GNOME, the GNU Network Object Model Environment, is GNU's desktop project. "
"Started in 1997 by Miguel de Icaza, and developed with the support of Red "
@@ -1810,6 +1964,7 @@
"no fuese libre."
# type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <p>
msgid ""
"Harmony is a compatible replacement library, designed to make it possible to "
"run KDE software without using Qt."
@@ -1818,6 +1973,7 @@
"ejecutar el software KDE sin usar Qt."
# type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <p>
msgid ""
"In November 1998, the developers of Qt announced a change of license which, "
"when carried out, should make Qt free software. There is no way to be sure, "
@@ -1833,6 +1989,7 @@
"aún es deseable evitar el uso de Qt.)"
# type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <p>
msgid ""
"[Subsequent note: in September 2000, Qt was rereleased under the GNU GPL, "
"which essentially solved this problem.]"
@@ -1841,6 +1998,7 @@
"GPL de GNU, que esencialmente solucionó este problema.]"
# type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <p>
msgid ""
"How will we respond to the next tempting nonfree library? Will the whole "
"community understand the need to stay out of the trap? Or will many of us "
@@ -1854,10 +2012,12 @@
"filosofÃa."
# type: Content of: <h3>
+#. type: Content of: <h3>
msgid "Software patents"
msgstr "Patentes de software"
# type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <p>
msgid ""
"The worst threat we face comes from software patents, which can put "
"algorithms and features off limits to free software for up to twenty years. "
@@ -1879,6 +2039,7 @@
"por patentes."
# type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <p>
msgid ""
"There are ways to cope with patents: we can search for evidence that a "
"patent is invalid, and we can look for alternative ways to do a job. But "
@@ -1894,6 +2055,7 @@
"cuando esto suceda?"
# type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <p>
msgid ""
"Those of us who value free software for freedom's sake will stay with free "
"software anyway. We will manage to get work done without the patented "
@@ -1915,10 +2077,12 @@
"hablar acerca de libertad y principios."
# type: Content of: <h3>
+#. type: Content of: <h3>
msgid "Free documentation"
msgstr "Documentación libre"
# type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <p>
msgid ""
"The biggest deficiency in our free operating systems is not in the "
"software—it is the lack of good free manuals that we can include in "
@@ -1934,6 +2098,7 @@
"huecos en la actualidad."
# type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <p>
msgid ""
"Free documentation, like free software, is a matter of freedom, not price. "
"The criterion for a free manual is pretty much the same as for free "
@@ -1950,6 +2115,7 @@
"tal manera que el manual pueda acompañar a cada copia del programa."
# type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <p>
msgid ""
"Permission for modification is crucial too. As a general rule, I don't "
"believe that it is essential for people to have permission to modify all "
@@ -1964,6 +2130,7 @@
"acciones y nuestra visión."
# type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <p>
msgid ""
"But there is a particular reason why the freedom to modify is crucial for "
"documentation for free software. When people exercise their right to modify "
@@ -1982,6 +2149,7 @@
"trabajo, no satisface las necesidades de nuestra comunidad."
# type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <p>
msgid ""
"Some kinds of limits on how modifications are done pose no problem. For "
"example, requirements to preserve the original author's copyright notice, "
@@ -2007,6 +2175,7 @@
"libre la utilización completa del manual."
# type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <p>
msgid ""
"However, it must be possible to modify all the <em>technical</em> content of "
"the manual, and then distribute the result in all the usual media, through "
@@ -2019,6 +2188,7 @@
"obstruyen la comunidad. El manual no es libre, y necesitaremos otro manual."
# type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <p>
msgid ""
"Will free software developers have the awareness and determination to "
"produce a full spectrum of free manuals? Once again, our future depends on "
@@ -2029,10 +2199,12 @@
"futuro depende de la filosofÃa."
# type: Content of: <h3>
+#. type: Content of: <h3>
msgid "We must talk about freedom"
msgstr "Debemos hablar acerca de la libertad"
# type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <p>
msgid ""
"Estimates today are that there are ten million users of GNU/Linux systems "
"such as Debian GNU/Linux and Red Hat “Linux”. Free software has "
@@ -2045,6 +2217,7 @@
"usuarios estén congregándose hacia allà por razones puramente prácticas."
# type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <p>
msgid ""
"The good consequences of this are evident: more interest in developing free "
"software, more customers for free software businesses, and more ability to "
@@ -2057,6 +2230,7 @@
"libre, en lugar de productos de software privativo."
# type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <p>
msgid ""
"But interest in the software is growing faster than awareness of the "
"philosophy it is based on, and this leads to trouble. Our ability to meet "
@@ -2073,6 +2247,7 @@
"comunidad."
# type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <p>
msgid ""
"But we are failing to do so: the efforts to attract new users into our "
"community are far outstripping the efforts to teach them the civics of our "
@@ -2085,10 +2260,12 @@
"y es necesario que mantengamos ambos esfuerzos balanceados."
# type: Content of: <h3>
+#. type: Content of: <h3>
msgid "“Open Source”"
msgstr "«Open Source» - «código abierto»"
# type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <p>
msgid ""
"Teaching new users about freedom became more difficult in 1998, when a part "
"of the community decided to stop using the term “free software” "
@@ -2100,6 +2277,7 @@
"inglés) en su lugar."
# type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <p>
msgid ""
"Some who favored this term aimed to avoid the confusion of “"
"free” with “gratis”—a valid goal. Others, however, "
@@ -2121,6 +2299,7 @@
"calidad, pero esquiva las ideas de libertad, comunidad y principios."
# type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <p>
msgid ""
"The “Linux” magazines are a clear example of this—they are "
"filled with advertisements for proprietary software that works with GNU/"
@@ -2134,6 +2313,7 @@
"mismas?"
# type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <p>
msgid ""
"The support of business can contribute to the community in many ways; all "
"else being equal, it is useful. But winning their support by speaking even "
@@ -2146,6 +2326,7 @@
"que empeore aún más el desequilibrio previo entre alcance y educación
cÃvica."
# type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <p>
msgid ""
"“Free software” and “open source” describe the same "
"category of software, more or less, but say different things about the "
@@ -2160,10 +2341,12 @@
"importante."
# type: Content of: <h3>
+#. type: Content of: <h3>
msgid "Try!"
msgstr "¡Pruébelo!"
# type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <p>
msgid ""
"Yoda's aphorism (“There is no ‘try’”) sounds neat, "
"but it doesn't work for me. I have done most of my work while anxious about "
@@ -2180,6 +2363,7 @@
"éxito."
# type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <p>
msgid ""
"Sometimes I failed; some of my cities have fallen. Then I found another "
"threatened city, and got ready for another battle. Over time, I've learned "
@@ -2192,6 +2376,7 @@
"llamando a otros hackers para que vinieran y se unan a mÃ."
# type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <p>
msgid ""
"Nowadays, often I'm not the only one. It is a relief and a joy when I see a "
"regiment of hackers digging in to hold the line, and I realize, this city "
@@ -2210,16 +2395,23 @@
# type: Content of: <div>
#. TRANSLATORS: Use space (SPC) as msgstr if you don't have notes.
+#. type: Content of: <div>
msgid "*GNUN-SLOT: TRANSLATOR'S NOTES*"
msgstr " "
# type: Content of: <div><p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "Please send FSF & GNU inquiries to <a
href=\"mailto:address@hidden";><"
+#| "address@hidden></a>. There are also <a href=\"/contact/\">other ways
to "
+#| "contact</a> the FSF. <br /> Please send broken links and other "
+#| "corrections or suggestions to <a href=\"mailto:address@hidden";><"
+#| "address@hidden></a>."
msgid ""
"Please send FSF & GNU inquiries to <a href=\"mailto:address@hidden";><"
"address@hidden></a>. There are also <a href=\"/contact/\">other ways to "
-"contact</a> the FSF. <br /> Please send broken links and other corrections "
-"or suggestions to <a href=\"mailto:address@hidden";><address@hidden"
-"org></a>."
+"contact</a> the FSF."
msgstr ""
"Por favor, envÃe sus comentarios y preguntas sobre la â©<acronym
title=\"Free Software Foundation\">FSF</acronym> y el proyecto GNU "
"a <a href=\"mailto:address@hidden";><address@hidden></a>. â©También
puede <a href=\"/contact/\">contactar con la FSF por otros medios</"
@@ -2227,6 +2419,25 @@
"a>."
# type: Content of: <div><p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "Please send FSF & GNU inquiries to <a
href=\"mailto:address@hidden";><"
+#| "address@hidden></a>. There are also <a href=\"/contact/\">other ways
to "
+#| "contact</a> the FSF. <br /> Please send broken links and other "
+#| "corrections or suggestions to <a href=\"mailto:address@hidden";><"
+#| "address@hidden></a>."
+msgid ""
+"Please send broken links and other corrections or suggestions to <a href="
+"\"mailto:address@hidden";><address@hidden></a>."
+msgstr ""
+"Por favor, envÃe sus comentarios y preguntas sobre la â©<acronym
title=\"Free Software Foundation\">FSF</acronym> y el proyecto GNU "
+"a <a href=\"mailto:address@hidden";><address@hidden></a>. â©También
puede <a href=\"/contact/\">contactar con la FSF por otros medios</"
+"a>.<br /> Por favor, envÃe enlaces rotos y otras correcciones o sugerencias
aâ©<a href=\"mailto:address@hidden";><address@hidden></"
+"a>."
+
+# type: Content of: <div><p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"Please see the <a href=\"/server/standards/README.translations.html"
"\">Translations README</a> for information on coordinating and submitting "
@@ -2236,11 +2447,23 @@
"\">información para traducciones</a> acerca coordinar y enviar traducciones "
"de este artÃculo."
-# type: Content of: <div><p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"Copyright © 1998, 2001, 2002, 2005, 2006, 2007, 2008, 2010 Richard "
-"Stallman <br /> Verbatim copying and distribution of this entire article is "
-"permitted in any medium without royalty provided this notice is preserved."
+"Stallman"
+msgstr ""
+
+# type: Content of: <div><p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "Copyright © 1998, 2001, 2002, 2005, 2006, 2007, 2008, 2010 Richard "
+#| "Stallman <br /> Verbatim copying and distribution of this entire article "
+#| "is permitted in any medium without royalty provided this notice is "
+#| "preserved."
+msgid ""
+"Verbatim copying and distribution of this entire article is permitted in any "
+"medium without royalty provided this notice is preserved."
msgstr ""
"Copyright © 1998, 2001, 2002, 2005, 2006, 2007, 2008, 2010 Richard "
"Stallman <br /> Verbatim copying and distribution of this entire article is "
@@ -2248,6 +2471,7 @@
# type: Content of: <div><div>
#. TRANSLATORS: Use space (SPC) as msgstr if you don't want credits.
+#. type: Content of: <div><div>
msgid "*GNUN-SLOT: TRANSLATOR'S CREDITS*"
msgstr ""
"<!-- Traducción: César Ballardini (Argentina) <address@hidden"
@@ -2259,13 +2483,23 @@
# type: Content of: <div><p>
#. timestamp start
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid "Updated:"
msgstr "Ãltima actualización:"
# type: Content of: <div><h4>
+#. type: Content of: <div><h4>
msgid "Translations of this page"
msgstr "Traducciones de esta página"
+# type: Content of: <blockquote><p>
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "If I am not for myself, who will be for me?<br /> If I am only for "
+#~ "myself, what am I?<br /> If not now, when?"
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "Si yo no me preocupo por mà mismo, ¿Quién lo hará?<br /> Si sólo me "
+#~ "preocupo por mà mismo, ¿Qué soy?<br /> Si no lo hago ahora, ¿Cuándo?"
+
# type: Content of: <p>
#~ msgid ""
#~ "(1) It would have been clearer to write ‘of the “"
Index: gnu/po/thegnuproject.fr.po
===================================================================
RCS file: /web/www/www/gnu/po/thegnuproject.fr.po,v
retrieving revision 1.15
retrieving revision 1.16
diff -u -b -r1.15 -r1.16
--- gnu/po/thegnuproject.fr.po 25 Jun 2011 20:59:15 -0000 1.15
+++ gnu/po/thegnuproject.fr.po 9 Jul 2011 16:28:44 -0000 1.16
@@ -9,7 +9,7 @@
msgid ""
msgstr ""
"Project-Id-Version: thegnuproject.html\n"
-"POT-Creation-Date: 2010-11-12 20:27-0500\n"
+"POT-Creation-Date: 2011-07-09 12:28-0300\n"
"PO-Revision-Date: 2011-06-22 08:15+0000\n"
"Last-Translator: Denis Barbier <address@hidden>\n"
"Language-Team: French <address@hidden>\n"
@@ -18,30 +18,37 @@
"Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit\n"
"Language: fr\n"
+#. type: Content of: <title>
msgid "About the GNU Project - GNU Project - Free Software Foundation (FSF)"
msgstr "Ã propos du projet GNU - GNU Project - Free Software Foundation (FSF)"
+#. type: Attribute 'content' of: <meta>
msgid "GNU, GNU Project, FSF, Free Software, Free Software Foundation, History"
msgstr ""
"GNU, GNU Project, FSF, Free Software, Free Software Foundation, History"
+#. type: Content of: <h2>
msgid "The GNU Project"
msgstr "Le projet GNU"
+#. type: Content of: <p>
msgid ""
"by <a href=\"http://www.stallman.org/\";><strong>Richard Stallman</strong></a>"
msgstr ""
"par <a href=\"http://www.stallman.org/\";><strong>Richard Stallman</strong></"
"a>"
+#. type: Content of: <p>
msgid ""
"the original version was published in the book “Open Sources”"
msgstr ""
"la version originale fut publiée dans le livre « Open Sources »"
+#. type: Content of: <h3>
msgid "The first software-sharing community"
msgstr "La première communauté qui partageait le logiciel"
+#. type: Content of: <p>
msgid ""
"When I started working at the <acronym title=\"Massachusetts Institute of "
"Technology\">MIT</acronym> Artificial Intelligence Lab in 1971, I became "
@@ -59,6 +66,7 @@
"ordinateurs, tout comme on partage des recettes depuis les débuts de la "
"cuisine. Mais nous partagions davantage que la plupart."
+#. type: Content of: <p>
msgid ""
"The AI Lab used a timesharing operating system called <acronym title="
"\"Incompatible Timesharing System\">ITS</acronym> (the Incompatible "
@@ -77,6 +85,7 @@
"système de l'équipe du laboratoire d'I.A., mon travail consistait à "
"améliorer ce système."
+#. type: Content of: <p>
msgid ""
"We did not call our software “free software”, because that term "
"did not yet exist; but that is what it was. Whenever people from another "
@@ -94,6 +103,7 @@
"afin de le lire, le modifier, ou d'en réutiliser des parties dans le cadre "
"d'un nouveau programme."
+#. type: Content of: <p>
msgid ""
"(1) The use of “hacker” to mean “security breaker” "
"is a confusion on the part of the mass media. We hackers refuse to "
@@ -111,9 +121,11 @@
"d'esprit de celui qui « touille des bits »). Consultez mon
article "
"<a href=\"http://stallman.org/articles/on-hacking.html\";>On Hacking</a>."
+#. type: Content of: <h3>
msgid "The collapse of the community"
msgstr "L'effondrement de la communauté"
+#. type: Content of: <p>
msgid ""
"The situation changed drastically in the early 1980s when Digital "
"discontinued the PDP-10 series. Its architecture, elegant and powerful in "
@@ -128,6 +140,7 @@
"dans les années 80. Cela rendait obsolètes la quasi-totalité des
programmes "
"constituant ITS."
+#. type: Content of: <p>
msgid ""
"The AI Lab hacker community had already collapsed, not long before. In "
"1981, the spin-off company Symbolics had hired away nearly all of the "
@@ -146,6 +159,7 @@
"administrateurs ont décidé de remplacer ITS par le système de temps
partagé "
"de la société Digital, qui n'était pas libre."
+#. type: Content of: <p>
msgid ""
"The modern computers of the era, such as the VAX or the 68020, had their own "
"operating systems, but none of them were free software: you had to sign a "
@@ -156,6 +170,7 @@
"logiciel libre : il fallait signer un accord de non divulgation pour en "
"obtenir ne serait-ce que des copies exécutables."
+#. type: Content of: <p>
msgid ""
"This meant that the first step in using a computer was to promise not to "
"help your neighbor. A cooperating community was forbidden. The rule made "
@@ -170,6 +185,7 @@
"Qui souhaite la moindre modification doit nous supplier de la lui "
"faire »."
+#. type: Content of: <p>
msgid ""
"The idea that the proprietary software social system—the system that "
"says you are not allowed to share or change software—is antisocial, "
@@ -192,6 +208,7 @@
"durement, et depuis longtemps, pour convaincre tout un chacun qu'il n'existe "
"qu'un seul point de vue sur la question - le leur."
+#. type: Content of: <p>
msgid ""
"When software publishers talk about “enforcing” their “"
"rights” or “stopping <a href=\"/philosophy/words-to-avoid."
@@ -208,6 +225,7 @@
"acquises ; nous sommes censés les accepter les yeux fermés.
Passons-les "
"donc en revue."
+#. type: Content of: <p>
msgid ""
"One assumption is that software companies have an unquestionable natural "
"right to own software and thus have power over all its users. (If this were "
@@ -226,6 +244,7 @@
"artificiel, imposé par l'Ãtat, qui restreint le droit naturel qu'ont les "
"utilisateurs de copier le logiciel."
+#. type: Content of: <p>
msgid ""
"Another unstated assumption is that the only important thing about software "
"is what jobs it allows you to do—that we computer users should not "
@@ -236,6 +255,7 @@
"leur mot à dire quant au modèle de société qu'ils souhaitent voir mettre
en "
"place."
+#. type: Content of: <p>
msgid ""
"A third assumption is that we would have no usable software (or would never "
"have a program to do this or that particular job) if we did not offer a "
@@ -251,6 +271,7 @@
"toutes sortes de logiciels utiles sans qu'il soit nécessaire de les barder "
"de chaînes."
+#. type: Content of: <p>
msgid ""
"If we decline to accept these assumptions, and judge these issues based on "
"ordinary commonsense morality while placing the users first, we arrive at "
@@ -266,6 +287,7 @@
"libres de partager le logiciel, car la société est fondée sur l'aide à "
"autrui."
+#. type: Content of: <p>
msgid ""
"There is no room here for an extensive statement of the reasoning behind "
"this conclusion, so I refer the reader to the web page, <a href=\"/"
@@ -275,9 +297,11 @@
"conclusion, aussi renverrai-je le lecteur au document <a href=\"/philosophy/"
"why-free.fr.html\">Pourquoi le logiciel ne devrait appartenir Ã
personne</a>."
+#. type: Content of: <h3>
msgid "A stark moral choice."
msgstr "Une profonde prise de décision"
+#. type: Content of: <p>
msgid ""
"With my community gone, to continue as before was impossible. Instead, I "
"faced a stark moral choice."
@@ -286,6 +310,7 @@
"par le passé. J'étais au lieu de cela confronté à une profonde prise de "
"décision."
+#. type: Content of: <p>
msgid ""
"The easy choice was to join the proprietary software world, signing "
"nondisclosure agreements and promising not to help my fellow hacker. Most "
@@ -300,6 +325,7 @@
"divulgation, augmentant la pression qui en inciterait d'autres à trahir "
"également leurs semblables."
+#. type: Content of: <p>
msgid ""
"I could have made money this way, and perhaps amused myself writing code. "
"But I knew that at the end of my career, I would look back on years of "
@@ -312,6 +338,7 @@
"les gens, et que j'aurais l'impression d'avoir employé ma vie à rendre le "
"monde pire."
+#. type: Content of: <p>
msgid ""
"I had already experienced being on the receiving end of a nondisclosure "
"agreement, when someone refused to give me and the MIT AI Lab the source "
@@ -330,6 +357,7 @@
"fâché du refus de cette personne de partager avec nous ; je ne pouvais
"
"pas, moi aussi, me comporter d'une telle manière à l'égard de mon
prochain."
+#. type: Content of: <p>
msgid ""
"Another choice, straightforward but unpleasant, was to leave the computer "
"field. That way my skills would not be misused, but they would still be "
@@ -342,6 +370,7 @@
"rendrais pas coupable de diviser et de restreindre les droits des "
"utilisateurs d'ordinateurs, mais cela se produirait malgré tout."
+#. type: Content of: <p>
msgid ""
"So I looked for a way that a programmer could do something for the good. I "
"asked myself, was there a program or programs that I could write, so as to "
@@ -351,6 +380,7 @@
"bonne cause. Je me suis demandé si je ne pouvais pas écrire un ou plusieurs
"
"programmes qui permettraient de souder à nouveau une communauté."
+#. type: Content of: <p>
msgid ""
"The answer was clear: what was needed first was an operating system. That "
"is the crucial software for starting to use a computer. With an operating "
@@ -369,6 +399,7 @@
"chacun pourrait utiliser un ordinateur sans devoir adhérer à une "
"conspiration visant à priver ses amis des logiciels qu'il utilise."
+#. type: Content of: <p>
msgid ""
"As an operating system developer, I had the right skills for this job. So "
"even though I could not take success for granted, I realized that I was "
@@ -385,6 +416,7 @@
"cela à une tradition des hackers, car c'est un acronyme récursif qui "
"signifie « GNU's Not Unix » (GNU N'est pas Unix)."
+#. type: Content of: <p>
msgid ""
"An operating system does not mean just a kernel, barely enough to run other "
"programs. In the 1970s, every operating system worthy of the name included "
@@ -401,21 +433,29 @@
"VMS, et c'était le cas d'Unix. Ce serait aussi le cas du système "
"d'exploitation GNU."
+#. type: Content of: <p>
msgid "Later I heard these words, attributed to Hillel (1):"
msgstr "Plus tard, j'ai entendu ces mots, attribués à Hillel(1) :"
-msgid ""
-"If I am not for myself, who will be for me?<br /> If I am only for myself, "
-"what am I?<br /> If not now, when?"
+#. type: Content of: <blockquote><p>
+msgid "If I am not for myself, who will be for me?"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <blockquote><p>
+msgid "If I am only for myself, what am I?"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <blockquote><p>
+msgid "If not now, when?"
msgstr ""
-"If I am not for myself, who will be for me?<br /> If I am only for myself, "
-"what am I?<br /> If not now, when?<sup><a href=\"#TransNote1\">1</a></sup>"
+#. type: Content of: <p>
msgid "The decision to start the GNU Project was based on a similar spirit."
msgstr ""
"C'est dans cet état d'esprit que j'ai pris la décision de lancer le projet "
"GNU."
+#. type: Content of: <p>
msgid ""
"(1) As an Atheist, I don't follow any religious leaders, but I sometimes "
"find I admire something one of them has said."
@@ -423,9 +463,11 @@
"(1) En tant qu'athée, je ne suis les pas d'aucun meneur religieux, mais "
"j'admire parfois ce que l'un d'entre eux a dit."
+#. type: Content of: <h3>
msgid "Free as in freedom"
msgstr "Free comme liberté"
+#. type: Content of: <p>
msgid ""
"The term “free software” is sometimes misunderstood—it has "
"nothing to do with price. It is about freedom. Here, therefore, is the "
@@ -435,16 +477,19 @@
"est mal compris : il n'a rien à voir avec le prix. Il parle de
liberté. "
"Voici donc la définition d'un logiciel libre."
+#. type: Content of: <p>
msgid "A program is free software, for you, a particular user, if:"
msgstr ""
"Un programme est un logiciel libre pour vous, utilisateur en particulier, "
"si :"
+#. type: Content of: <ul><li>
msgid "You have the freedom to run the program as you wish, for any purpose."
msgstr ""
"Vous avez la liberté de l'exécuter comme vous le voulez, pour quelque motif
"
"que ce soit."
+#. type: Content of: <ul><li>
msgid ""
"You have the freedom to modify the program to suit your needs. (To make "
"this freedom effective in practice, you must have access to the source code, "
@@ -457,12 +502,14 @@
"sein d'un programme dont on ne dispose pas du code source est un exercice "
"extrêmement difficile)."
+#. type: Content of: <ul><li>
msgid ""
"You have the freedom to redistribute copies, either gratis or for a fee."
msgstr ""
"Vous disposez de la liberté d'en redistribuer des copies, que ce soit "
"gratuitement ou contre une somme d'argent."
+#. type: Content of: <ul><li>
msgid ""
"You have the freedom to distribute modified versions of the program, so that "
"the community can benefit from your improvements."
@@ -470,6 +517,7 @@
"Vous avez la liberté de distribuer des versions modifiées du programme, "
"afin que la communauté puisse bénéficier de vos améliorations."
+#. type: Content of: <p>
msgid ""
"Since “free” refers to freedom, not to price, there is no "
"contradiction between selling copies and free software. In fact, the "
@@ -486,6 +534,7 @@
"libre. C'est pourquoi on ne peut pas qualifier de logiciel libre un logiciel "
"qu'on n'a pas la liberté d'inclure dans de telles compilations."
+#. type: Content of: <p>
msgid ""
"Because of the ambiguity of “free”, people have long looked for "
"alternatives, but no one has found a better term. The English language has "
@@ -506,9 +555,11 @@
"open » (« ouvert ») présentant tous un sens incorrect ou
un "
"autre inconvénient."
+#. type: Content of: <h3>
msgid "GNU software and the GNU system"
msgstr "Les logiciels et le système du projet GNU"
+#. type: Content of: <p>
msgid ""
"Developing a whole system is a very large project. To bring it into reach, "
"I decided to adapt and use existing pieces of free software wherever that "
@@ -523,6 +574,7 @@
"années plus tard, j'ai décidé d'utiliser le système de fenêtrage X
plutôt "
"que d'écrire un autre système de fenêtrage pour le projet GNU."
+#. type: Content of: <p>
msgid ""
"Because of this decision, the GNU system is not the same as the collection "
"of all GNU software. The GNU system includes programs that are not GNU "
@@ -535,9 +587,11 @@
"dans le cadre d'autres projets, pour leurs buts propres, mais qu'on peut "
"réutiliser, car ce sont des logiciels libres."
+#. type: Content of: <h3>
msgid "Commencing the project"
msgstr "La genèse du projet"
+#. type: Content of: <p>
msgid ""
"In January 1984 I quit my job at MIT and began writing GNU software. "
"Leaving MIT was necessary so that MIT would not be able to interfere with "
@@ -558,6 +612,7 @@
"le voir rendu inutilisable pour ce à quoi il était destiné : créer
une "
"nouvelle communauté qui partage le logiciel."
+#. type: Content of: <p>
msgid ""
"However, Professor Winston, then the head of the MIT AI Lab, kindly invited "
"me to keep using the lab's facilities."
@@ -566,9 +621,11 @@
"du M.I.T., m'a gentiment invité à continuer à utiliser les équipements du
"
"laboratoire"
+#. type: Content of: <h3>
msgid "The first steps"
msgstr "Les premiers pas"
+#. type: Content of: <p>
msgid ""
"Shortly before beginning the GNU Project, I heard about the Free University "
"Compiler Kit, also known as VUCK. (The Dutch word for “free” is "
@@ -584,6 +641,7 @@
"pour de nombreuses machines cibles. J'ai écrit à son auteur en lui
demandant "
"la permission d'utiliser ce compilateur dans le cadre du projet GNU."
+#. type: Content of: <p>
msgid ""
"He responded derisively, stating that the university was free but the "
"compiler was not. I therefore decided that my first program for the GNU "
@@ -595,6 +653,7 @@
"décidé que le premier programme du projet GNU serait un compilateur
traitant "
"de plusieurs langages, sur plusieurs plateformes."
+#. type: Content of: <p>
msgid ""
"Hoping to avoid the need to write the whole compiler myself, I obtained the "
"source code for the Pastel compiler, which was a multiplatform compiler "
@@ -616,6 +675,7 @@
"plusieurs méga-octets d'espace de pile disponibles, alors que le système "
"Unix du 68000 ne gérait que 64 Ko d'espace de pile."
+#. type: Content of: <p>
msgid ""
"I then realized that the Pastel compiler functioned by parsing the entire "
"input file into a syntax tree, converting the whole syntax tree into a chain "
@@ -638,9 +698,11 @@
"j'avais écrit pour le C. Mais tout cela ne s'est produit que quelques
années "
"plus tard ; j'ai d'abord travaillé sur GNU Emacs."
+#. type: Content of: <h3>
msgid "GNU Emacs"
msgstr "GNU Emacs"
+#. type: Content of: <p>
msgid ""
"I began work on GNU Emacs in September 1984, and in early 1985 it was "
"beginning to be usable. This enabled me to begin using Unix systems to do "
@@ -653,6 +715,7 @@
"j'avais jusqu'alors utilisé d'autres types de machines pour éditer mes "
"fichiers."
+#. type: Content of: <p>
msgid ""
"At this point, people began wanting to use GNU Emacs, which raised the "
"question of how to distribute it. Of course, I put it on the anonymous ftp "
@@ -674,6 +737,7 @@
"obtenir une copie du programme par ftp. La question se posait en ces "
"termes : que devais-je leur dire ?"
+#. type: Content of: <p>
msgid ""
"I could have said, “Find a friend who is on the net and who will make "
"a copy for you.” Or I could have done what I did with the original PDP-"
@@ -698,9 +762,11 @@
"trouve aujourd'hui et qui distribuent des systèmes GNU entiers fondés sur "
"Linux."
+#. type: Content of: <h3>
msgid "Is a program free for every user?"
msgstr "Un programme est-il libre pour chacun de ses utilisateurs ?"
+#. type: Content of: <p>
msgid ""
"If a program is free software when it leaves the hands of its author, this "
"does not necessarily mean it will be free software for everyone who has a "
@@ -721,6 +787,7 @@
"par des copyrights mais distribués sous des licences permissives qui "
"autorisent la création de versions modifiées et propriétaires."
+#. type: Content of: <p>
msgid ""
"The paradigmatic example of this problem is the X Window System. Developed "
"at MIT, and released as free software with a permissive license, it was soon "
@@ -736,6 +803,7 @@
"exemplaires de X n'étaient en rien du logiciel plus libre que le reste "
"d'Unix."
+#. type: Content of: <p>
msgid ""
"The developers of the X Window System did not consider this a problem—"
"they expected and intended this to happen. Their goal was not freedom, just "
@@ -749,6 +817,7 @@
"de leurs utilisateurs, seul leur nombre revêtait de l'importance à leurs "
"yeux."
+#. type: Content of: <p>
msgid ""
"This led to a paradoxical situation where two different ways of counting the "
"amount of freedom gave different answers to the question, “Is this "
@@ -767,9 +836,11 @@
"propriétaire. La plupart des utilisateurs de X exécutaient des versions "
"propriétaires fournies avec des systèmes Unix, et non la version libre."
+#. type: Content of: <h3>
msgid "Copyleft and the GNU GPL"
msgstr "Le copyleft et la GPL de GNU"
+#. type: Content of: <p>
msgid ""
"The goal of GNU was to give users freedom, not just to be popular. So we "
"needed to use distribution terms that would prevent GNU software from being "
@@ -782,6 +853,7 @@
"Nous avons utilisé la méthode du copyleft (1), ou « gauche "
"d'auteur »."
+#. type: Content of: <p>
msgid ""
"Copyleft uses copyright law, but flips it over to serve the opposite of its "
"usual purpose: instead of a means for restricting a program, it becomes a "
@@ -792,6 +864,7 @@
"conçues : ce n'est pas une manière de privatiser du logiciel, mais une
"
"manière de le laisser « libre »."
+#. type: Content of: <p>
msgid ""
"The central idea of copyleft is that we give everyone permission to run the "
"program, copy the program, modify the program, and distribute modified "
@@ -806,6 +879,7 @@
"logiciel libre » sont garanties pour quiconque en possède une "
"copie ; elles deviennent des droits inaliénables."
+#. type: Content of: <p>
msgid ""
"For an effective copyleft, modified versions must also be free. This "
"ensures that work based on ours becomes available to our community if it is "
@@ -823,6 +897,7 @@
"allons les utiliser dans le cadre de notre version propriétaire du "
"programme »."
+#. type: Content of: <p>
msgid ""
"The requirement that changes must be free is essential if we want to ensure "
"freedom for every user of the program. The companies that privatized the X "
@@ -840,6 +915,7 @@
"modifications pouvait servir de prétexte à ôter leur liberté aux "
"utilisateurs, il serait facile pour quiconque de s'en servir à son avantage."
+#. type: Content of: <p>
msgid ""
"A related issue concerns combining a free program with nonfree code. Such a "
"combination would inevitably be nonfree; whichever freedoms are lacking for "
@@ -859,6 +935,7 @@
"plus grande sans que cette dernière ne soit également couverte par le
gauche "
"d'auteur."
+#. type: Content of: <p>
msgid ""
"The specific implementation of copyleft that we use for most GNU software is "
"the GNU General Public License, or GNU GPL for short. We have other kinds "
@@ -874,6 +951,7 @@
"utilisent une version très simplifiée, car il n'est pas nécessaire de
faire "
"appel à toute la complexité de la GNU GPL dans le cadre de manuels.(2)"
+#. type: Content of: <p>
msgid ""
"(1) In 1984 or 1985, Don Hopkins (a very imaginative fellow) mailed me a "
"letter. On the envelope he had written several amusing sayings, including "
@@ -888,6 +966,7 @@
"copyleft » pour donner un nom au concept de distribution que je "
"développais alors."
+#. type: Content of: <p>
msgid ""
"(2) We now use the <a href=\"/licenses/fdl.html\">GNU Free Documentation "
"License</a> for documentation."
@@ -895,9 +974,11 @@
"(2) Nous utilisons maintenant la <a href=\"/licenses/fdl.html\">GNU Free "
"Documentation License</a> pour la documentation."
+#. type: Content of: <h3>
msgid "The Free Software Foundation"
msgstr "La Free Software Foundation, ou Fondation pour le Logiciel Libre"
+#. type: Content of: <p>
msgid ""
"As interest in using Emacs was growing, other people became involved in the "
"GNU project, and we decided that it was time to seek funding once again. So "
@@ -919,6 +1000,7 @@
"y ajoutant d'autres logiciels libres (aussi bien GNU que non-GNU) aux "
"bandes, et en vendant des manuels libres."
+#. type: Content of: <p>
msgid ""
"Most of the FSF's income used to come from sales of copies of free software "
"and of other related services (CD-ROMs of source code, CD-ROMs with "
@@ -939,6 +1021,7 @@
"financement grâce aux donations des membres. Vous pouvez rejoindre la FSF "
"sur <a href=\"http://fsf.org/join\";>fsf.org</a>."
+#. type: Content of: <p>
msgid ""
"Free Software Foundation employees have written and maintained a number of "
"GNU software packages. Two notable ones are the C library and the shell. "
@@ -958,6 +1041,7 @@
"\"Bourne Again Shell\">BASH</acronym>, le Bourne-Again Shell(1), qui a été "
"développé par Brian Fox, employé de la FSF."
+#. type: Content of: <p>
msgid ""
"We funded development of these programs because the GNU Project was not just "
"about tools or a development environment. Our goal was a complete operating "
@@ -968,6 +1052,7 @@
"était la mise en place d'un système d'exploitation complet, et de tels "
"programmes étaient nécessaires pour l'atteindre."
+#. type: Content of: <p>
msgid ""
"(1) “Bourne Again Shell” is a play on the name “Bourne "
"Shell”, which was the usual shell on Unix."
@@ -976,9 +1061,11 @@
"est un clin d'œil au nom « Bourne Shell », qui était "
"l'interpréteur de commandes habituel sur Unix."
+#. type: Content of: <h3>
msgid "Free software support"
msgstr "Assistance technique au logiciel libre"
+#. type: Content of: <p>
msgid ""
"The free software philosophy rejects a specific widespread business "
"practice, but it is not against business. When businesses respect the "
@@ -989,6 +1076,7 @@
"des affaires. Quand des entreprises respectent la liberté des utilisateurs, "
"nous leur souhaitons de réussir."
+#. type: Content of: <p>
msgid ""
"Selling copies of Emacs demonstrates one kind of free software business. "
"When the FSF took over that business, I needed another way to make a "
@@ -1005,6 +1093,7 @@
"la personnalisation de GCC, et à développer du logiciel, principalement en "
"portant GCC sur de nouvelles plateformes."
+#. type: Content of: <p>
msgid ""
"Today each of these kinds of free software business is practiced by a number "
"of corporations. Some distribute free software collections on CD-ROM; "
@@ -1020,6 +1109,7 @@
"On commence même à observer des sociétés de logiciel libre fondées sur
la "
"mise sur le marché de nouveaux logiciels libres."
+#. type: Content of: <p>
msgid ""
"Watch out, though—a number of companies that associate themselves with "
"the term “open source” actually base their business on nonfree "
@@ -1041,9 +1131,11 @@
"passer la liberté au premier plan, il nous faut leur donner le nom de "
"produits à « liberté soustraite »."
+#. type: Content of: <h3>
msgid "Technical goals"
msgstr "Objectifs techniques"
+#. type: Content of: <p>
msgid ""
"The principal goal of GNU is to be free software. Even if GNU had no "
"technical advantage over Unix, it would have a social advantage, allowing "
@@ -1054,6 +1146,7 @@
"social, en autorisant les utilisateurs à coopérer, et d'un avantage
éthique, "
"en respectant la liberté de l'utilisateur."
+#. type: Content of: <p>
msgid ""
"But it was natural to apply the known standards of good practice to the "
"work—for example, dynamically allocating data structures to avoid "
@@ -1066,6 +1159,7 @@
"fixées arbitrairement, et en gérant tous les caractères possibles
encodables "
"sur 8 bits, partout où cela avait un sens."
+#. type: Content of: <p>
msgid ""
"In addition, we rejected the Unix focus on small memory size, by deciding "
"not to support 16-bit machines (it was clear that 32-bit machines would be "
@@ -1085,6 +1179,7 @@
"d'une traite, en mémoire, et d'analyser ensuite son contenu sans plus se "
"préoccuper des entrées/sorties."
+#. type: Content of: <p>
msgid ""
"These decisions enabled many GNU programs to surpass their Unix counterparts "
"in reliability and speed."
@@ -1092,9 +1187,11 @@
"Ces décisions ont rendu de nombreux programmes du projet GNU supérieurs à "
"leurs équivalents sous Unix en termes de fiabilité et de vitesse
d'exécution."
+#. type: Content of: <h3>
msgid "Donated computers"
msgstr "Les ordinateurs offerts"
+#. type: Content of: <p>
msgid ""
"As the GNU Project's reputation grew, people began offering to donate "
"machines running Unix to the project. These were very useful, because the "
@@ -1109,6 +1206,7 @@
"a posé un problème éthique : était-il correct ou non, pour nous, de "
"posséder des copies d'Unix ?"
+#. type: Content of: <p>
msgid ""
"Unix was (and is) proprietary software, and the GNU Project's philosophy "
"said that we should not use proprietary software. But, applying the same "
@@ -1125,6 +1223,7 @@
"était crucial pour développer une solution de remplacement libre, qui en "
"aiderait d'autres à se passer de ce même paquetage propriétaire."
+#. type: Content of: <p>
msgid ""
"But, even if this was a justifiable evil, it was still an evil. Today we no "
"longer have any copies of Unix, because we have replaced them with free "
@@ -1137,9 +1236,11 @@
"parvenions pas à substituer au système d'exploitation d'une machine un "
"système libre, nous remplacions la machine."
+#. type: Content of: <h3>
msgid "The GNU Task List"
msgstr "La GNU Task List, ou liste des tâches du projet GNU"
+#. type: Content of: <p>
msgid ""
"As the GNU Project proceeded, and increasing numbers of system components "
"were found or developed, eventually it became useful to make a list of the "
@@ -1157,6 +1258,7 @@
"plusieurs autres projets utiles, de logiciel et de documentation, que nous "
"jugions nécessaires au sein d'un système réellement complet."
+#. type: Content of: <p>
msgid ""
"Today (1), hardly any Unix components are left in the GNU Task List—"
"those jobs had been done, aside from a few inessential ones. But the list "
@@ -1171,6 +1273,7 @@
"qui fait envie à une classe non restreinte d'utilisateurs constituerait un "
"ajout utile à un système d'exploitation."
+#. type: Content of: <p>
msgid ""
"Even games are included in the task list—and have been since the "
"beginning. Unix included games, so naturally GNU should too. But "
@@ -1185,6 +1288,7 @@
"avons plutôt listé un spectre de divers types de jeux qui plairont "
"vraisemblablement aux utilisateurs."
+#. type: Content of: <p>
msgid ""
"(1) That was written in 1998. In 2009 we no longer maintain a long task "
"list. The community develops free software so fast that we can't even keep "
@@ -1197,11 +1301,13 @@
"des projets à haute priorité, une liste mieux triée de projets dont nous "
"recommandons vraiment l'écriture."
+#. type: Content of: <h3>
msgid "The GNU Library GPL"
msgstr ""
"La GNU Library GPL, ou licence publique générale de GNU pour les "
"bibliothèques"
+#. type: Content of: <p>
msgid ""
"The GNU C library uses a special kind of copyleft called the GNU Library "
"General Public License(1), which gives permission to link proprietary "
@@ -1213,6 +1319,7 @@
"la liaison de logiciel propriétaire avec la bibliothèque. Pourquoi une
telle "
"exception ?"
+#. type: Content of: <p>
msgid ""
"It is not a matter of principle; there is no principle that says proprietary "
"software products are entitled to include our code. (Why contribute to a "
@@ -1225,6 +1332,7 @@
"L'utilisation de la LGPL dans le cadre de la bibliothèque du langage C, ou "
"de toute autre bibliothèque, est un choix stratégique."
+#. type: Content of: <p>
msgid ""
"The C library does a generic job; every proprietary system or compiler comes "
"with a C library. Therefore, to make our C library available only to free "
@@ -1237,6 +1345,7 @@
"logiciel libre n'aurait donné aucun avantage au logiciel libre - cela "
"n'aurait eu pour effet que de décourager l'utilisation de notre
bibliothèque."
+#. type: Content of: <p>
msgid ""
"One system is an exception to this: on the GNU system (and this includes GNU/"
"Linux), the GNU C library is the only C library. So the distribution terms "
@@ -1258,6 +1367,7 @@
"l'utilisation de la GPL pour les bibliothèques (LGPL) est une bonne "
"stratégie pour la bibliothèque C."
+#. type: Content of: <p>
msgid ""
"For other libraries, the strategic decision needs to be considered on a case-"
"by-case basis. When a library does a special job that can help write "
@@ -1272,6 +1382,7 @@
"programmes libres, est une manière d'aider les développeurs de logiciels "
"libres et de leur accorder un avantage à l'encontre du logiciel
propriétaire."
+#. type: Content of: <p>
msgid ""
"Consider GNU Readline, a library that was developed to provide command-line "
"editing for BASH. Readline is released under the ordinary GNU GPL, not the "
@@ -1290,6 +1401,7 @@
"utiliser la bibliothèque Readline, et c'est là un gain réel pour la "
"communauté."
+#. type: Content of: <p>
msgid ""
"Proprietary software developers have the advantages money provides; free "
"software developers need to make advantages for each other. I hope some day "
@@ -1307,18 +1419,27 @@
"que blocs de construction de nouveaux logiciels libres, et apportant un "
"avantage considérable à la continuation du développement du logiciel
libre."
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "(1) This license is now called the GNU Lesser General Public License, to "
+#| "avoid giving the idea that all libraries ought to use it. <a href=\"/"
+#| "philosophy/why-not-lgpl.html\"></a>."
msgid ""
"(1) This license is now called the GNU Lesser General Public License, to "
-"avoid giving the idea that all libraries ought to use it. <a href=\"/"
-"philosophy/why-not-lgpl.html\"></a>."
+"avoid giving the idea that all libraries ought to use it. See <a href=\"/"
+"philosophy/why-not-lgpl.html\">Why you shouldn't use the Lesser GPL for your "
+"next library</a> for more information."
msgstr ""
"(1) Cette licence s'appelle maintenant la GNU Lesser General Public License, "
"pour éviter de laisser penser que toutes les bibliothèques doivent "
"l'utiliser. <a href=\"/philosophy/why-not-lgpl.fr.html\"></a>."
+#. type: Content of: <h3>
msgid "Scratching an itch?"
msgstr "Gratter là où ça démange"
+#. type: Content of: <p>
msgid ""
"Eric Raymond says that “Every good work of software starts by "
"scratching a developer's personal itch.” Maybe that happens sometimes, "
@@ -1333,6 +1454,7 @@
"été inspirés par une vision et un projet à long terme, pas par un coup de
"
"tête."
+#. type: Content of: <p>
msgid ""
"For example, we developed the GNU C library because a Unix-like system needs "
"a C library, BASH because a Unix-like system needs a shell, and GNU tar "
@@ -1347,6 +1469,7 @@
"pour les programmes que j'ai développés, à savoir le compilateur C de GNU,
"
"GNU Emacs, GDB, et GNU Make."
+#. type: Content of: <p>
msgid ""
"Some GNU programs were developed to cope with specific threats to our "
"freedom. Thus, we developed gzip to replace the Compress program, which had "
@@ -1371,6 +1494,7 @@
"devraient pas devoir choisir entre la préservation de leur intimité et la "
"préservation de leur liberté."
+#. type: Content of: <p>
msgid ""
"Of course, the people writing these programs became interested in the work, "
"and many features were added to them by various people for the sake of their "
@@ -1381,9 +1505,11 @@
"fonctionnalités car elles comblaient leurs besoins ou les intéressaient. "
"Mais ce n'est pas là la raison première de ces programmes."
+#. type: Content of: <h3>
msgid "Unexpected developments"
msgstr "Des développements inattendus"
+#. type: Content of: <p>
msgid ""
"At the beginning of the GNU Project, I imagined that we would develop the "
"whole GNU system, then release it as a whole. That is not how it happened."
@@ -1392,6 +1518,7 @@
"système GNU dans sa globalité avant de le publier. Les choses se sont "
"passées différemment."
+#. type: Content of: <p>
msgid ""
"Since each component of the GNU system was implemented on a Unix system, "
"each component could run on Unix systems long before a complete GNU system "
@@ -1406,6 +1533,7 @@
"travailler sur des extensions et des ports - vers les diverses versions "
"d'Unix, incompatibles entre elles, et parfois sur d'autres systèmes encore."
+#. type: Content of: <p>
msgid ""
"The process made these programs much more powerful, and attracted both funds "
"and contributors to the GNU Project. But it probably also delayed "
@@ -1422,9 +1550,11 @@
"fonctionnalités aux composants existants, plutôt que de continuer à "
"développer peu à peu les composants manquants."
+#. type: Content of: <h3>
msgid "The GNU Hurd"
msgstr "Le GNU Hurd"
+#. type: Content of: <p>
msgid ""
"By 1990, the GNU system was almost complete; the only major missing "
"component was the kernel. We had decided to implement our kernel as a "
@@ -1445,6 +1575,7 @@
"noyau Unix. Le développement a été retardé car nous attendions que Mach
soit "
"publié sous forme de logiciel libre, comme cela avait été promis."
+#. type: Content of: <p>
msgid ""
"One reason for choosing this design was to avoid what seemed to be the "
"hardest part of the job: debugging a kernel program without a source-level "
@@ -1464,9 +1595,11 @@
"difficiles à déboguer. La consolidation du Hurd s'est étalée sur
plusieurs "
"années."
+#. type: Content of: <h3>
msgid "Alix"
msgstr "Alix"
+#. type: Content of: <p>
msgid ""
"The GNU kernel was not originally supposed to be called the Hurd. Its "
"original name was Alix—named after the woman who was my sweetheart at "
@@ -1483,6 +1616,7 @@
"faudrait baptiser un noyau de mon nom ». Je suis resté coi, mais ai "
"décidé de lui faire la surprise avec un noyau appelé Alix."
+#. type: Content of: <p>
msgid ""
"It did not stay that way. Michael (now Thomas) Bushnell, the main developer "
"of the kernel, preferred the name Hurd, and redefined Alix to refer to a "
@@ -1495,6 +1629,7 @@
"chargeait d'intercepter les appels système et de les gérer en envoyant des "
"messages aux serveurs du Hurd."
+#. type: Content of: <p>
msgid ""
"Later, Alix and I broke up, and she changed her name; independently, the "
"Hurd design was changed so that the C library would send messages directly "
@@ -1506,6 +1641,7 @@
"des messages aux serveurs, ce qui a fait disparaître le composant Alix du "
"projet."
+#. type: Content of: <p>
msgid ""
"But before these things happened, a friend of hers came across the name Alix "
"in the Hurd source code, and mentioned it to her. So she did have the "
@@ -1515,9 +1651,11 @@
"le nom Alix dans le code source du Hurd, et s'en était ouvert auprès
d'elle. "
"Finalement, elle a eu la chance de découvrir un noyau à son nom."
+#. type: Content of: <h3>
msgid "Linux and GNU/Linux"
msgstr "Linux et GNU/Linux"
+#. type: Content of: <p>
msgid ""
"The GNU Hurd is not suitable for production use, and we don't know if it "
"ever will be. The capability-based design has problems that result directly "
@@ -1528,6 +1666,7 @@
"directement de la flexibilité de la conception, et il n'est pas sûr que des
"
"solutions existent."
+#. type: Content of: <p>
msgid ""
"Fortunately, another kernel is available. In 1991, Linus Torvalds developed "
"a Unix-compatible kernel and called it Linux. In 1992, he made Linux free "
@@ -1543,6 +1682,7 @@
"(ce travail de jonction était lui-même, bien sûr, considérable). C'est
grâce "
"à Linux qu'on peut désormais employer une version du système GNU."
+#. type: Content of: <p>
msgid ""
"We call this system version GNU/Linux, to express its composition as a "
"combination of the GNU system with Linux as the kernel."
@@ -1550,9 +1690,11 @@
"On appelle cette version du système « GNU/Linux » pour signaler "
"qu'il est composé du système GNU et du noyau Linux."
+#. type: Content of: <h3>
msgid "Challenges in our future"
msgstr "Les défis à venir"
+#. type: Content of: <p>
msgid ""
"We have proved our ability to develop a broad spectrum of free software. "
"This does not mean we are invincible and unstoppable. Several challenges "
@@ -1569,12 +1711,15 @@
"détermination dont les gens font preuve quand ils accordent de la valeur à "
"leur liberté et qu'ils ne laisseront personne la leur voler."
+#. type: Content of: <p>
msgid "The following four sections discuss these challenges."
msgstr "Les quatres sections suivantes discutent de ces défis."
+#. type: Content of: <h3>
msgid "Secret hardware"
msgstr "Le matériel secret"
+#. type: Content of: <p>
msgid ""
"Hardware manufacturers increasingly tend to keep hardware specifications "
"secret. This makes it difficult to write free drivers so that Linux and "
@@ -1588,6 +1733,7 @@
"entièrement libres, mais cela pourrait ne plus être le cas dans l'avenir,
si "
"nous ne pouvons plus proposer des pilotes pour les ordinateurs de demain."
+#. type: Content of: <p>
msgid ""
"There are two ways to cope with this problem. Programmers can do reverse "
"engineering to figure out how to support the hardware. The rest of us can "
@@ -1600,6 +1746,7 @@
"libre ; plus nous serons nombreux, plus la politique de garder les "
"spécifications secrètes sera vouée à l'échec."
+#. type: Content of: <p>
msgid ""
"Reverse engineering is a big job; will we have programmers with sufficient "
"determination to undertake it? Yes—if we have built up a strong "
@@ -1617,6 +1764,7 @@
"libres ? Oui - si la détermination afférente à la liberté est
largement "
"répandue."
+#. type: Content of: <p>
msgid ""
"(2008 note: this issue extends to the BIOS as well. There is a free BIOS, "
"coreboot; the problem is getting specs for machines so that coreboot can "
@@ -1626,9 +1774,11 @@
"libre, coreboot ; le problème est d'obtenir les spécifications pour
les "
"machines pour que coreboot puisse les gérer)."
+#. type: Content of: <h3>
msgid "Nonfree libraries"
msgstr "Les bibliothèques non libres"
+#. type: Content of: <p>
msgid ""
"A nonfree library that runs on free operating systems acts as a trap for "
"free software developers. The library's attractive features are the bait; "
@@ -1649,6 +1799,7 @@
"bibliothèque propriétaire devient populaire, il peut attirer d'autres "
"programmeurs peu soupçonneux dans le piège."
+#. type: Content of: <p>
msgid ""
"The first instance of this problem was the Motif toolkit, back in the 80s. "
"Although there were as yet no free operating systems, it was clear what "
@@ -1671,6 +1822,7 @@
"suffisamment étendu pour faire fonctionner la plupart des applications "
"utilisant Motif qu'en 1997."
+#. type: Content of: <p>
msgid ""
"Between 1996 and 1998, another nonfree <acronym title=\"Graphical User "
"Interface\">GUI</acronym> toolkit library, called Qt, was used in a "
@@ -1682,6 +1834,7 @@
"l'environnement de bureau <acronym title=\"K Desktop Environment\">KDE</"
"acronym>."
+#. type: Content of: <p>
msgid ""
"Free GNU/Linux systems were unable to use KDE, because we could not use the "
"library. However, some commercial distributors of GNU/Linux systems who "
@@ -1701,6 +1854,7 @@
"« nouveaux utilisateurs de Linux » n'ont jamais eu connaissance
du "
"fait que tout ceci posait un problème. La situation était sinistre."
+#. type: Content of: <p>
msgid ""
"The free software community responded to the problem in two ways: GNOME and "
"Harmony."
@@ -1708,6 +1862,7 @@
"La communauté du logiciel libre a répondu à ce problème de deux "
"manières : GNOME et Harmony."
+#. type: Content of: <p>
msgid ""
"GNOME, the GNU Network Object Model Environment, is GNU's desktop project. "
"Started in 1997 by Miguel de Icaza, and developed with the support of Red "
@@ -1725,6 +1880,7 @@
"langages, et de ne pas de se limiter au C++. Mais son objectif principal est "
"la liberté : ne pas imposer l'utilisation du moindre logiciel non
libre."
+#. type: Content of: <p>
msgid ""
"Harmony is a compatible replacement library, designed to make it possible to "
"run KDE software without using Qt."
@@ -1732,6 +1888,7 @@
"Harmony est une bibliothèque compatible de remplacement, conçue pour "
"permettre l'utilisation des logiciels de KDE sans faire appel à Qt."
+#. type: Content of: <p>
msgid ""
"In November 1998, the developers of Qt announced a change of license which, "
"when carried out, should make Qt free software. There is no way to be sure, "
@@ -1746,6 +1903,7 @@
"posait quand il n'était pas libre (la nouvelle licence n'est pas pratique ni
"
"équitable, aussi demeure-t-il préférable d'éviter d'utiliser Qt)."
+#. type: Content of: <p>
msgid ""
"[Subsequent note: in September 2000, Qt was rereleased under the GNU GPL, "
"which essentially solved this problem.]"
@@ -1753,6 +1911,7 @@
"[Note ultérieure : en septembre 2000, Qt fut distribuée sous la GPL de
"
"GNU, ce qui résolvait essentiellement ce problème.]"
+#. type: Content of: <p>
msgid ""
"How will we respond to the next tempting nonfree library? Will the whole "
"community understand the need to stay out of the trap? Or will many of us "
@@ -1765,9 +1924,11 @@
"facilité à la liberté, et à produire un autre problème majeur ?
Notre "
"avenir dépend de notre philosophie."
+#. type: Content of: <h3>
msgid "Software patents"
msgstr "Les brevets sur les logiciels"
+#. type: Content of: <p>
msgid ""
"The worst threat we face comes from software patents, which can put "
"algorithms and features off limits to free software for up to twenty years. "
@@ -1789,6 +1950,7 @@
"distribution d'un programme libre qui produisait des données sonores "
"compressées au format <acronym title=\"MPEG-1 Audio Layer 3\">MP3</acronym>."
+#. type: Content of: <p>
msgid ""
"There are ways to cope with patents: we can search for evidence that a "
"patent is invalid, and we can look for alternative ways to do a job. But "
@@ -1804,6 +1966,7 @@
"souhaitées par les utilisateurs. Que ferons-nous dans ce genre de "
"situation ?"
+#. type: Content of: <p>
msgid ""
"Those of us who value free software for freedom's sake will stay with free "
"software anyway. We will manage to get work done without the patented "
@@ -1826,9 +1989,11 @@
"logiciels libres, il ne faut pas s'en tenir là . Il nous faut parler de "
"liberté et de principes."
+#. type: Content of: <h3>
msgid "Free documentation"
msgstr "La documentation libre"
+#. type: Content of: <p>
msgid ""
"The biggest deficiency in our free operating systems is not in the "
"software—it is the lack of good free manuals that we can include in "
@@ -1844,6 +2009,7 @@
"bon manuel libre, il s'agit d'un manque crucial. On en compte de nombreux "
"aujourd'hui."
+#. type: Content of: <p>
msgid ""
"Free documentation, like free software, is a matter of freedom, not price. "
"The criterion for a free manual is pretty much the same as for free "
@@ -1858,6 +2024,7 @@
"vente commerciale), en ligne et sur papier, de telle sorte que le manuel "
"puisse accompagner toute copie du programme."
+#. type: Content of: <p>
msgid ""
"Permission for modification is crucial too. As a general rule, I don't "
"believe that it is essential for people to have permission to modify all "
@@ -1871,6 +2038,7 @@
"vous ou moi soyons tenus de donner la permission de modifier des textes "
"comme le présent article, qui expose nos actions et nos idées."
+#. type: Content of: <p>
msgid ""
"But there is a particular reason why the freedom to modify is crucial for "
"documentation for free software. When people exercise their right to modify "
@@ -1889,6 +2057,7 @@
"programmeurs à être consciencieux et à terminer leur travail, ne remplit
pas "
"les besoins de notre communauté."
+#. type: Content of: <p>
msgid ""
"Some kinds of limits on how modifications are done pose no problem. For "
"example, requirements to preserve the original author's copyright notice, "
@@ -1913,6 +2082,7 @@
"d'autres termes, cela n'empêche pas la communauté du logiciel libre "
"d'utiliser pleinement le manuel."
+#. type: Content of: <p>
msgid ""
"However, it must be possible to modify all the <em>technical</em> content of "
"the manual, and then distribute the result in all the usual media, through "
@@ -1925,6 +2095,7 @@
"les restrictions font obstruction à la communauté, le manuel n'est pas "
"libre, et il nous en faut un autre."
+#. type: Content of: <p>
msgid ""
"Will free software developers have the awareness and determination to "
"produce a full spectrum of free manuals? Once again, our future depends on "
@@ -1935,9 +2106,11 @@
"manuels libres ? Une fois de plus, notre avenir dépend de notre "
"philosophie."
+#. type: Content of: <h3>
msgid "We must talk about freedom"
msgstr "Il nous faut faire l'apologie de la liberté"
+#. type: Content of: <p>
msgid ""
"Estimates today are that there are ten million users of GNU/Linux systems "
"such as Debian GNU/Linux and Red Hat “Linux”. Free software has "
@@ -1949,6 +2122,7 @@
"monde. Le logiciel libre propose tant d'avantages pratiques que les "
"utilisateurs s'y ruent pour des raisons purement pratiques."
+#. type: Content of: <p>
msgid ""
"The good consequences of this are evident: more interest in developing free "
"software, more customers for free software businesses, and more ability to "
@@ -1962,6 +2136,7 @@
"logiciels libres commerciaux, plutôt que des produits logiciels "
"propriétaires."
+#. type: Content of: <p>
msgid ""
"But interest in the software is growing faster than awareness of the "
"philosophy it is based on, and this leads to trouble. Our ability to meet "
@@ -1977,6 +2152,7 @@
"nous faut répandre ces idées auprès des nouveaux utilisateurs au fur et Ã
"
"mesure qu'ils rejoignent notre communauté."
+#. type: Content of: <p>
msgid ""
"But we are failing to do so: the efforts to attract new users into our "
"community are far outstripping the efforts to teach them the civics of our "
@@ -1988,9 +2164,11 @@
"pour leur enseigner l'éducation civique qui lui est attachée. Ces deux "
"efforts sont nécessaires, et il nous faut les équilibrer."
+#. type: Content of: <h3>
msgid "“Open Source”"
msgstr "« Open Source »"
+#. type: Content of: <p>
msgid ""
"Teaching new users about freedom became more difficult in 1998, when a part "
"of the community decided to stop using the term “free software” "
@@ -2002,6 +2180,7 @@
"Software » pour lui préférer la dénomination « Open Source "
"software »<sup><a href=\"#TransNote7\">7</a></sup>."
+#. type: Content of: <p>
msgid ""
"Some who favored this term aimed to avoid the confusion of “"
"free” with “gratis”—a valid goal. Others, however, "
@@ -2023,6 +2202,7 @@
"potentiel pour faire du logiciel puissant et de grande qualité, mais occulte
"
"délibérément les idées de liberté, de communauté, et de principes."
+#. type: Content of: <p>
msgid ""
"The “Linux” magazines are a clear example of this—they are "
"filled with advertisements for proprietary software that works with GNU/"
@@ -2035,6 +2215,7 @@
"mettront-ils les programmeurs en garde en leur demandant de s'en éloigner, "
"ou passeront-ils des publicités pour ces produits ?"
+#. type: Content of: <p>
msgid ""
"The support of business can contribute to the community in many ways; all "
"else being equal, it is useful. But winning their support by speaking even "
@@ -2048,6 +2229,7 @@
"situation précédente, où on voit que l'éducation civique des nouveaux "
"utilisateurs s'avère difficile lorsqu'ils affluent."
+#. type: Content of: <p>
msgid ""
"“Free software” and “open source” describe the same "
"category of software, more or less, but say different things about the "
@@ -2062,9 +2244,11 @@
"Software » pour exprimer l'idée que la liberté est plus importante
que "
"la seule technique."
+#. type: Content of: <h3>
msgid "Try!"
msgstr "Jetez-vous à l'eau"
+#. type: Content of: <p>
msgid ""
"Yoda's aphorism (“There is no ‘try’”) sounds neat, "
"but it doesn't work for me. I have done most of my work while anxious about "
@@ -2080,6 +2264,7 @@
"tenté ma chance, car il n'y avait personne d'autre que moi entre l'ennemi et
"
"ma cité. à ma grande surprise, j'ai parfois réussi."
+#. type: Content of: <p>
msgid ""
"Sometimes I failed; some of my cities have fallen. Then I found another "
"threatened city, and got ready for another battle. Over time, I've learned "
@@ -2091,6 +2276,7 @@
"Avec le temps, j'ai appris à reconnaître les menaces et à m'interposer
entre "
"ces dernières et ma cité, en appelant mes amis hackers à la rescousse."
+#. type: Content of: <p>
msgid ""
"Nowadays, often I'm not the only one. It is a relief and a joy when I see a "
"regiment of hackers digging in to hold the line, and I realize, this city "
@@ -2109,6 +2295,7 @@
"il vous faut vous préparer à la défendre."
#. TRANSLATORS: Use space (SPC) as msgstr if you don't have notes.
+#. type: Content of: <div>
msgid "*GNUN-SLOT: TRANSLATOR'S NOTES*"
msgstr ""
"<b>Notes du traducteur</b> :<ol><li id=\"TransNote1\">On peut rendre "
@@ -2143,12 +2330,18 @@
"logiciels libres. « open source » signifie « dont le code "
"source est ouvert ».</li></ol>"
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "Please send FSF & GNU inquiries to <a
href=\"mailto:address@hidden";><"
+#| "address@hidden></a>. There are also <a href=\"/contact/\">other ways
to "
+#| "contact</a> the FSF. <br /> Please send broken links and other "
+#| "corrections or suggestions to <a href=\"mailto:address@hidden";><"
+#| "address@hidden></a>."
msgid ""
"Please send FSF & GNU inquiries to <a href=\"mailto:address@hidden";><"
"address@hidden></a>. There are also <a href=\"/contact/\">other ways to "
-"contact</a> the FSF. <br /> Please send broken links and other corrections "
-"or suggestions to <a href=\"mailto:address@hidden";><address@hidden"
-"org></a>."
+"contact</a> the FSF."
msgstr ""
"Veuillez envoyer les requêtes concernant la FSF et GNU à <a href=\"mailto:";
"address@hidden"><address@hidden></a>. Il existe aussi <a
href=\"/contact/"
@@ -2156,6 +2349,25 @@
"envoyer (en anglais) les liens morts ou d'autres suggestions sur cette page "
"web à <a href=\"mailto:address@hidden";><address@hidden></a>."
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "Please send FSF & GNU inquiries to <a
href=\"mailto:address@hidden";><"
+#| "address@hidden></a>. There are also <a href=\"/contact/\">other ways
to "
+#| "contact</a> the FSF. <br /> Please send broken links and other "
+#| "corrections or suggestions to <a href=\"mailto:address@hidden";><"
+#| "address@hidden></a>."
+msgid ""
+"Please send broken links and other corrections or suggestions to <a href="
+"\"mailto:address@hidden";><address@hidden></a>."
+msgstr ""
+"Veuillez envoyer les requêtes concernant la FSF et GNU à <a href=\"mailto:";
+"address@hidden"><address@hidden></a>. Il existe aussi <a
href=\"/contact/"
+"contact.fr.html\">d'autres moyens de contacter</a> la FSF.<br />Veuillez "
+"envoyer (en anglais) les liens morts ou d'autres suggestions sur cette page "
+"web à <a href=\"mailto:address@hidden";><address@hidden></a>."
+
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"Please see the <a href=\"/server/standards/README.translations.html"
"\">Translations README</a> for information on coordinating and submitting "
@@ -2165,10 +2377,22 @@
"\">README des traductions</a> pour des informations sur la coordination et "
"la soumission de traductions de cet article."
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"Copyright © 1998, 2001, 2002, 2005, 2006, 2007, 2008, 2010 Richard "
-"Stallman <br /> Verbatim copying and distribution of this entire article is "
-"permitted in any medium without royalty provided this notice is preserved."
+"Stallman"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "Copyright © 1998, 2001, 2002, 2005, 2006, 2007, 2008, 2010 Richard "
+#| "Stallman <br /> Verbatim copying and distribution of this entire article "
+#| "is permitted in any medium without royalty provided this notice is "
+#| "preserved."
+msgid ""
+"Verbatim copying and distribution of this entire article is permitted in any "
+"medium without royalty provided this notice is preserved."
msgstr ""
"Copyright © 1998, 2001, 2002, 2005, 2006, 2007, 2008, 2010 Richard "
"Stallman <br /> La reproduction exacte et la distribution intégrale de cet "
@@ -2176,14 +2400,25 @@
"notice soit préservée."
#. TRANSLATORS: Use space (SPC) as msgstr if you don't want credits.
+#. type: Content of: <div><div>
msgid "*GNUN-SLOT: TRANSLATOR'S CREDITS*"
msgstr ""
"Traduction : Sébastien Blondeel.<br /> Révision : <a
href=\"mailto:";
"trad-gnu@april.org\">trad-gnu@april.org</a>"
#. timestamp start
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid "Updated:"
msgstr "Dernière mise à jour :"
+#. type: Content of: <div><h4>
msgid "Translations of this page"
msgstr "Traductions de cette page"
+
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "If I am not for myself, who will be for me?<br /> If I am only for "
+#~ "myself, what am I?<br /> If not now, when?"
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "If I am not for myself, who will be for me?<br /> If I am only for "
+#~ "myself, what am I?<br /> If not now, when?<sup><a href=\"#TransNote1\">1</"
+#~ "a></sup>"
Index: gnu/po/thegnuproject.it.po
===================================================================
RCS file: /web/www/www/gnu/po/thegnuproject.it.po,v
retrieving revision 1.18
retrieving revision 1.19
diff -u -b -r1.18 -r1.19
--- gnu/po/thegnuproject.it.po 20 Nov 2010 01:28:20 -0000 1.18
+++ gnu/po/thegnuproject.it.po 9 Jul 2011 16:28:44 -0000 1.19
@@ -9,7 +9,7 @@
msgid ""
msgstr ""
"Project-Id-Version: thegnuproject.html\n"
-"POT-Creation-Date: 2010-11-12 20:27-0500\n"
+"POT-Creation-Date: 2011-07-09 12:28-0300\n"
"PO-Revision-Date: 2010-11-19 23:19+0100\n"
"Last-Translator: Andrea Pescetti <address@hidden>\n"
"Language-Team: Italian <address@hidden>\n"
@@ -18,20 +18,24 @@
"Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit\n"
# type: Content of: <title>
+#. type: Content of: <title>
msgid "About the GNU Project - GNU Project - Free Software Foundation (FSF)"
msgstr "Il progetto GNU - Progetto GNU - Free Software Foundation (FSF)"
# type: Attribute 'content' of: <meta>
+#. type: Attribute 'content' of: <meta>
msgid "GNU, GNU Project, FSF, Free Software, Free Software Foundation, History"
msgstr ""
"GNU, GNU Project, FSF, Free Software, Free Software Foundation, History, "
"progetto GNU, storia, software libero"
# type: Content of: <h2>
+#. type: Content of: <h2>
msgid "The GNU Project"
msgstr "Il progetto GNU"
# type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <p>
msgid ""
"by <a href=\"http://www.stallman.org/\";><strong>Richard Stallman</strong></a>"
msgstr ""
@@ -39,15 +43,18 @@
"a> "
# type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <p>
msgid ""
"the original version was published in the book “Open Sources”"
msgstr "originariamente pubblicato sul libro “Open Sources”"
# type: Content of: <h3>
+#. type: Content of: <h3>
msgid "The first software-sharing community"
msgstr "La prima comunità di condivisione del software"
# type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <p>
msgid ""
"When I started working at the <acronym title=\"Massachusetts Institute of "
"Technology\">MIT</acronym> Artificial Intelligence Lab in 1971, I became "
@@ -65,6 +72,7 @@
"facevamo più di quasi chiunque altro."
# type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <p>
msgid ""
"The AI Lab used a timesharing operating system called <acronym title="
"\"Incompatible Timesharing System\">ITS</acronym> (the Incompatible "
@@ -84,6 +92,7 @@
"mio compito era migliorare questo sistema."
# type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <p>
msgid ""
"We did not call our software “free software”, because that term "
"did not yet exist; but that is what it was. Whenever people from another "
@@ -101,6 +110,7 @@
"leggere, modificare, o prenderne alcune parti per creare un nuovo programma."
# type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <p>
msgid ""
"(1) The use of “hacker” to mean “security breaker” "
"is a confusion on the part of the mass media. We hackers refuse to "
@@ -117,10 +127,12 @@
"html\">A proposito dell'Hacking</a>."
# type: Content of: <h3>
+#. type: Content of: <h3>
msgid "The collapse of the community"
msgstr "La comunità si dissolve"
# type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <p>
msgid ""
"The situation changed drastically in the early 1980s when Digital "
"discontinued the PDP-10 series. Its architecture, elegant and powerful in "
@@ -136,6 +148,7 @@
"divennero obsoleti."
# type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <p>
msgid ""
"The AI Lab hacker community had already collapsed, not long before. In "
"1981, the spin-off company Symbolics had hired away nearly all of the "
@@ -155,6 +168,7 @@
"utilizzare il sistema timesharing non libero della Digital piuttosto che ITS."
# type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <p>
msgid ""
"The modern computers of the era, such as the VAX or the 68020, had their own "
"operating systems, but none of them were free software: you had to sign a "
@@ -166,6 +180,7 @@
"eseguibile."
# type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <p>
msgid ""
"This meant that the first step in using a computer was to promise not to "
"help your neighbor. A cooperating community was forbidden. The rule made "
@@ -180,6 +195,7 @@
"\"."
# type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <p>
msgid ""
"The idea that the proprietary software social system—the system that "
"says you are not allowed to share or change software—is antisocial, "
@@ -203,6 +219,7 @@
"che c'è un solo modo di vedere la cosa."
# type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <p>
msgid ""
"When software publishers talk about “enforcing” their “"
"rights” or “stopping <a href=\"/philosophy/words-to-avoid."
@@ -219,6 +236,7 @@
"Esaminiamole, dunque."
# type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <p>
msgid ""
"One assumption is that software companies have an unquestionable natural "
"right to own software and thus have power over all its users. (If this were "
@@ -237,6 +255,7 @@
"limita il diritto naturale degli utenti ad effettuare delle copie."
# type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <p>
msgid ""
"Another unstated assumption is that the only important thing about software "
"is what jobs it allows you to do—that we computer users should not "
@@ -247,6 +266,7 @@
"dobbiamo preoccuparci del tipo di società in cui ci è permesso vivere."
# type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <p>
msgid ""
"A third assumption is that we would have no usable software (or would never "
"have a program to do this or that particular job) if we did not offer a "
@@ -263,6 +283,7 @@
"catenacci."
# type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <p>
msgid ""
"If we decline to accept these assumptions, and judge these issues based on "
"ordinary commonsense morality while placing the users first, we arrive at "
@@ -279,6 +300,7 @@
"aiutare gli altri è alla base della società ."
# type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <p>
msgid ""
"There is no room here for an extensive statement of the reasoning behind "
"this conclusion, so I refer the reader to the web page, <a href=\"/"
@@ -291,10 +313,12 @@
"html</a>."
# type: Content of: <h3>
+#. type: Content of: <h3>
msgid "A stark moral choice."
msgstr "Una difficile scelta morale"
# type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <p>
msgid ""
"With my community gone, to continue as before was impossible. Instead, I "
"faced a stark moral choice."
@@ -303,6 +327,7 @@
"impossible. Mi trovai di fronte ad una difficile scelta morale."
# type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <p>
msgid ""
"The easy choice was to join the proprietary software world, signing "
"nondisclosure agreements and promising not to help my fellow hacker. Most "
@@ -318,6 +343,7 @@
"propri compagni."
# type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <p>
msgid ""
"I could have made money this way, and perhaps amused myself writing code. "
"But I knew that at the end of my career, I would look back on years of "
@@ -330,6 +356,7 @@
"persone, e avrei compreso di aver contribuito a rendere il mondo peggiore."
# type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <p>
msgid ""
"I had already experienced being on the receiving end of a nondisclosure "
"agreement, when someone refused to give me and the MIT AI Lab the source "
@@ -349,6 +376,7 @@
"e fare lo stesso con tutti gli altri."
# type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <p>
msgid ""
"Another choice, straightforward but unpleasant, was to leave the computer "
"field. That way my skills would not be misused, but they would still be "
@@ -362,6 +390,7 @@
"queste cose sarebbero comunque successe."
# type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <p>
msgid ""
"So I looked for a way that a programmer could do something for the good. I "
"asked myself, was there a program or programs that I could write, so as to "
@@ -373,6 +402,7 @@
"comunità ?"
# type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <p>
msgid ""
"The answer was clear: what was needed first was an operating system. That "
"is the crucial software for starting to use a computer. With an operating "
@@ -392,6 +422,7 @@
"dall'inizio per sottrarre qualcosa ai propri amici."
# type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <p>
msgid ""
"As an operating system developer, I had the right skills for this job. So "
"even though I could not take success for granted, I realized that I was "
@@ -409,6 +440,7 @@
"\" [N.d.T. GNU non è Unix]."
# type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <p>
msgid ""
"An operating system does not mean just a kernel, barely enough to run other "
"programs. In the 1970s, every operating system worthy of the name included "
@@ -425,23 +457,30 @@
"avuti."
# type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <p>
msgid "Later I heard these words, attributed to Hillel (1):"
msgstr ""
"Tempo dopo venni a conoscenza di questa massima, attribuita a Hillel(1):"
-# type: Content of: <blockquote><p>
-msgid ""
-"If I am not for myself, who will be for me?<br /> If I am only for myself, "
-"what am I?<br /> If not now, when?"
+#. type: Content of: <blockquote><p>
+msgid "If I am not for myself, who will be for me?"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <blockquote><p>
+msgid "If I am only for myself, what am I?"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <blockquote><p>
+msgid "If not now, when?"
msgstr ""
-"Se non sono per me stesso, chi sarà per me? <br/> E se sono solo per me "
-"stesso, che cosa sono? <br/> E se non ora, quando?"
# type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <p>
msgid "The decision to start the GNU Project was based on a similar spirit."
msgstr "La decisione di avviare il progetto GNU si basò su uno spirito
simile."
# type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <p>
msgid ""
"(1) As an Atheist, I don't follow any religious leaders, but I sometimes "
"find I admire something one of them has said."
@@ -450,10 +489,12 @@
"ammirare qualcosa che qualcuno di loro ha detto."
# type: Content of: <h3>
+#. type: Content of: <h3>
msgid "Free as in freedom"
msgstr "\"Free\" come libero"
# type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <p>
msgid ""
"The term “free software” is sometimes misunderstood—it has "
"nothing to do with price. It is about freedom. Here, therefore, is the "
@@ -465,17 +506,20 @@
"software libero."
# type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <p>
msgid "A program is free software, for you, a particular user, if:"
msgstr ""
"Un programma è software libero per voi, che ne siete un generico utente, se:"
# type: Content of: <ul><li>
+#. type: Content of: <ul><li>
msgid "You have the freedom to run the program as you wish, for any purpose."
msgstr ""
"l'utente ha la libertà di eseguire il programma come desidera, per qualsiasi
"
"scopo;"
# type: Content of: <ul><li>
+#. type: Content of: <ul><li>
msgid ""
"You have the freedom to modify the program to suit your needs. (To make "
"this freedom effective in practice, you must have access to the source code, "
@@ -489,6 +533,7 @@
"estremamente difficile);"
# type: Content of: <ul><li>
+#. type: Content of: <ul><li>
msgid ""
"You have the freedom to redistribute copies, either gratis or for a fee."
msgstr ""
@@ -496,6 +541,7 @@
"o dietro compenso;"
# type: Content of: <ul><li>
+#. type: Content of: <ul><li>
msgid ""
"You have the freedom to distribute modified versions of the program, so that "
"the community can benefit from your improvements."
@@ -504,6 +550,7 @@
"così che la comunità possa fruire dei miglioramenti apportati."
# type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <p>
msgid ""
"Since “free” refers to freedom, not to price, there is no "
"contradiction between selling copies and free software. In fact, the "
@@ -521,6 +568,7 @@
"in tali raccolte non è software libero."
# type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <p>
msgid ""
"Because of the ambiguity of “free”, people have long looked for "
"alternatives, but no one has found a better term. The English language has "
@@ -541,10 +589,12 @@
"[NdT: rispettivamente, <em>liberato</em>, <em>libertà </em>,
<em>aperto</em>]."
# type: Content of: <h3>
+#. type: Content of: <h3>
msgid "GNU software and the GNU system"
msgstr "Software GNU e il sistema GNU"
# type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <p>
msgid ""
"Developing a whole system is a very large project. To bring it into reach, "
"I decided to adapt and use existing pieces of free software wherever that "
@@ -560,6 +610,7 @@
"sistema a finestre per GNU."
# type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <p>
msgid ""
"Because of this decision, the GNU system is not the same as the collection "
"of all GNU software. The GNU system includes programs that are not GNU "
@@ -572,10 +623,12 @@
"scopi, ma che possiamo usare in quanto software libero."
# type: Content of: <h3>
+#. type: Content of: <h3>
msgid "Commencing the project"
msgstr "L'inizio del progetto"
# type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <p>
msgid ""
"In January 1984 I quit my job at MIT and began writing GNU software. "
"Leaving MIT was necessary so that MIT would not be able to interfere with "
@@ -596,6 +649,7 @@
"condivisione di software."
# type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <p>
msgid ""
"However, Professor Winston, then the head of the MIT AI Lab, kindly invited "
"me to keep using the lab's facilities."
@@ -605,10 +659,12 @@
"le attrezzature del laboratorio stesso."
# type: Content of: <h3>
+#. type: Content of: <h3>
msgid "The first steps"
msgstr "I primi passi"
# type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <p>
msgid ""
"Shortly before beginning the GNU Project, I heard about the Free University "
"Compiler Kit, also known as VUCK. (The Dutch word for “free” is "
@@ -623,6 +679,7 @@
"Scrissi al suo autore chiedendo se GNU potesse usarlo."
# type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <p>
msgid ""
"He responded derisively, stating that the university was free but the "
"compiler was not. I therefore decided that my first program for the GNU "
@@ -633,6 +690,7 @@
"GNU sarebbe stato un compilatore multilinguaggio e multipiattaforma."
# type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <p>
msgid ""
"Hoping to avoid the need to write the whole compiler myself, I obtained the "
"source code for the Pastel compiler, which was a multiplatform compiler "
@@ -654,6 +712,7 @@
"processore 68000 ne permetteva solo 64K."
# type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <p>
msgid ""
"I then realized that the Pastel compiler functioned by parsing the entire "
"input file into a syntax tree, converting the whole syntax tree into a chain "
@@ -675,10 +734,12 @@
"su GNU Emacs."
# type: Content of: <h3>
+#. type: Content of: <h3>
msgid "GNU Emacs"
msgstr "GNU Emacs"
# type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <p>
msgid ""
"I began work on GNU Emacs in September 1984, and in early 1985 it was "
"beginning to be usable. This enabled me to begin using Unix systems to do "
@@ -691,6 +752,7 @@
"macchine, non avendo nessun interesse ad imparare vi né ed."
# type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <p>
msgid ""
"At this point, people began wanting to use GNU Emacs, which raised the "
"question of how to distribute it. Of course, I put it on the anonymous ftp "
@@ -711,6 +773,7 @@
"problema di cosa dir loro."
# type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <p>
msgid ""
"I could have said, “Find a friend who is on the net and who will make "
"a copy for you.” Or I could have done what I did with the original PDP-"
@@ -732,10 +795,12 @@
"distribuiscono interi sistemi GNU basati su Linux."
# type: Content of: <h3>
+#. type: Content of: <h3>
msgid "Is a program free for every user?"
msgstr "Un programma è libero per tutti?"
# type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <p>
msgid ""
"If a program is free software when it leaves the hands of its author, this "
"does not necessarily mean it will be free software for everyone who has a "
@@ -756,6 +821,7 @@
"che permettono di farne versioni modificate proprietarie. "
# type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <p>
msgid ""
"The paradigmatic example of this problem is the X Window System. Developed "
"at MIT, and released as free software with a permissive license, it was soon "
@@ -771,6 +837,7 @@
"libero di quanto lo fosse Unix. "
# type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <p>
msgid ""
"The developers of the X Window System did not consider this a problem—"
"they expected and intended this to happen. Their goal was not freedom, just "
@@ -784,6 +851,7 @@
"solo che fossero numerosi. "
# type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <p>
msgid ""
"This led to a paradoxical situation where two different ways of counting the "
"amount of freedom gave different answers to the question, “Is this "
@@ -803,10 +871,12 @@
"Unix, non la versione libera. "
# type: Content of: <h3>
+#. type: Content of: <h3>
msgid "Copyleft and the GNU GPL"
msgstr "Il copyleft e la GNU GPL"
# type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <p>
msgid ""
"The goal of GNU was to give users freedom, not just to be popular. So we "
"needed to use distribution terms that would prevent GNU software from being "
@@ -819,6 +889,7 @@
"software proprietario. Il metodo che usammo si chiama \"copyleft\"(1). "
# type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <p>
msgid ""
"Copyleft uses copyright law, but flips it over to serve the opposite of its "
"usual purpose: instead of a means for restricting a program, it becomes a "
@@ -830,6 +901,7 @@
"libero. "
# type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <p>
msgid ""
"The central idea of copyleft is that we give everyone permission to run the "
"program, copy the program, modify the program, and distribute modified "
@@ -845,6 +917,7 @@
"diventano diritti inalienabili. "
# type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <p>
msgid ""
"For an effective copyleft, modified versions must also be free. This "
"ensures that work based on ours becomes available to our community if it is "
@@ -862,6 +935,7 @@
"la nostra versione proprietaria del programma\". "
# type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <p>
msgid ""
"The requirement that changes must be free is essential if we want to ensure "
"freedom for every user of the program. The companies that privatized the X "
@@ -879,6 +953,7 @@
"facile per chiunque approfittare di questa scusa. "
# type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <p>
msgid ""
"A related issue concerns combining a free program with nonfree code. Such a "
"combination would inevitably be nonfree; whichever freedoms are lacking for "
@@ -898,6 +973,7 @@
"risultante sia anch'esso libero e protetto da copyleft. "
# type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <p>
msgid ""
"The specific implementation of copyleft that we use for most GNU software is "
"the GNU General Public License, or GNU GPL for short. We have other kinds "
@@ -913,6 +989,7 @@
"per i manuali non è necessaria la complessità della GPL.(2)"
# type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <p>
msgid ""
"(1) In 1984 or 1985, Don Hopkins (a very imaginative fellow) mailed me a "
"letter. On the envelope he had written several amusing sayings, including "
@@ -926,6 +1003,7 @@
"\" per battezzare il concetto di distribuzione che allora andavo elaborando. "
# type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <p>
msgid ""
"(2) We now use the <a href=\"/licenses/fdl.html\">GNU Free Documentation "
"License</a> for documentation."
@@ -934,10 +1012,12 @@
"License</a> per la documentazione."
# type: Content of: <h3>
+#. type: Content of: <h3>
msgid "The Free Software Foundation"
msgstr "La Free Software Foundation"
# type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <p>
msgid ""
"As interest in using Emacs was growing, other people became involved in the "
"GNU project, and we decided that it was time to seek funding once again. So "
@@ -958,6 +1038,7 @@
"libero (sia GNU che non GNU) e vendendo manuali liberi. "
# type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <p>
msgid ""
"Most of the FSF's income used to come from sales of copies of free software "
"and of other related services (CD-ROMs of source code, CD-ROMs with "
@@ -978,6 +1059,7 @@
"Potete associarvi tramite <a href=\"http://fsf.org/join\";>fsf.org</a>."
# type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <p>
msgid ""
"Free Software Foundation employees have written and maintained a number of "
"GNU software packages. Two notable ones are the C library and the shell. "
@@ -997,6 +1079,7 @@
"sviluppata da Brian Fox, dipendente della FSF. "
# type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <p>
msgid ""
"We funded development of these programs because the GNU Project was not just "
"about tools or a development environment. Our goal was a complete operating "
@@ -1008,6 +1091,7 @@
"necessari per raggiungere quell'obiettivo. "
# type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <p>
msgid ""
"(1) “Bourne Again Shell” is a play on the name “Bourne "
"Shell”, which was the usual shell on Unix."
@@ -1017,10 +1101,12 @@
"l'espressione cristiana \"born again\", \"rinato\" (in Cristo)]. "
# type: Content of: <h3>
+#. type: Content of: <h3>
msgid "Free software support"
msgstr "Il supporto per il software libero"
# type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <p>
msgid ""
"The free software philosophy rejects a specific widespread business "
"practice, but it is not against business. When businesses respect the "
@@ -1031,6 +1117,7 @@
"libertà dell'utente, c'è da augurarle ogni successo. "
# type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <p>
msgid ""
"Selling copies of Emacs demonstrates one kind of free software business. "
"When the FSF took over that business, I needed another way to make a "
@@ -1047,6 +1134,7 @@
"sofware, soprattutto adattamento di GCC a nuove architetture. "
# type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <p>
msgid ""
"Today each of these kinds of free software business is practiced by a number "
"of corporations. Some distribute free software collections on CD-ROM; "
@@ -1062,6 +1150,7 @@
"lancio di nuovi programmi liberi. "
# type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <p>
msgid ""
"Watch out, though—a number of companies that associate themselves with "
"the term “open source” actually base their business on nonfree "
@@ -1083,10 +1172,12 @@
"\". "
# type: Content of: <h3>
+#. type: Content of: <h3>
msgid "Technical goals"
msgstr "Obiettivi tecnici"
# type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <p>
msgid ""
"The principal goal of GNU is to be free software. Even if GNU had no "
"technical advantage over Unix, it would have a social advantage, allowing "
@@ -1098,6 +1189,7 @@
"rispettando la loro libertà . "
# type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <p>
msgid ""
"But it was natural to apply the known standards of good practice to the "
"work—for example, dynamically allocating data structures to avoid "
@@ -1110,6 +1202,7 @@
"possibili codici a 8 bit in tutti i casi ragionevoli. "
# type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <p>
msgid ""
"In addition, we rejected the Unix focus on small memory size, by deciding "
"not to support 16-bit machines (it was clear that 32-bit machines would be "
@@ -1129,6 +1222,7 @@
"preoccupare delle operazioni di I/O. "
# type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <p>
msgid ""
"These decisions enabled many GNU programs to surpass their Unix counterparts "
"in reliability and speed."
@@ -1137,10 +1231,12 @@
"equivalenti Unix sia in affidabilità che in velocità di esecuzione. "
# type: Content of: <h3>
+#. type: Content of: <h3>
msgid "Donated computers"
msgstr "Donazioni di computer"
# type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <p>
msgid ""
"As the GNU Project's reputation grew, people began offering to donate "
"machines running Unix to the project. These were very useful, because the "
@@ -1157,6 +1253,7 @@
"Unix. "
# type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <p>
msgid ""
"Unix was (and is) proprietary software, and the GNU Project's philosophy "
"said that we should not use proprietary software. But, applying the same "
@@ -1173,6 +1270,7 @@
"smettere di usare quello proprietario. "
# type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <p>
msgid ""
"But, even if this was a justifiable evil, it was still an evil. Today we no "
"longer have any copies of Unix, because we have replaced them with free "
@@ -1185,10 +1283,12 @@
"operativo di una macchina con uno libero, sostituimmo la macchina. "
# type: Content of: <h3>
+#. type: Content of: <h3>
msgid "The GNU Task List"
msgstr "L'elenco dei compiti GNU"
# type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <p>
msgid ""
"As the GNU Project proceeded, and increasing numbers of system components "
"were found or developed, eventually it became useful to make a list of the "
@@ -1208,6 +1308,7 @@
"completo. "
# type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <p>
msgid ""
"Today (1), hardly any Unix components are left in the GNU Task List—"
"those jobs had been done, aside from a few inessential ones. But the list "
@@ -1222,6 +1323,7 @@
"di utenti sarebbe un'utile aggiunta ad un sistema operativo. "
# type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <p>
msgid ""
"Even games are included in the task list—and have been since the "
"beginning. Unix included games, so naturally GNU should too. But "
@@ -1236,6 +1338,7 @@
"elenco di diversi tipi di giochi potenzialmente graditi agli utenti. "
# type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <p>
msgid ""
"(1) That was written in 1998. In 2009 we no longer maintain a long task "
"list. The community develops free software so fast that we can't even keep "
@@ -1249,10 +1352,12 @@
"su cui riteniamo davvero importante che qualcuno si impegni."
# type: Content of: <h3>
+#. type: Content of: <h3>
msgid "The GNU Library GPL"
msgstr "La licenza GNU per le librerie"
# type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <p>
msgid ""
"The GNU C library uses a special kind of copyleft called the GNU Library "
"General Public License(1), which gives permission to link proprietary "
@@ -1263,6 +1368,7 @@
"libreria da parte di software proprietario. Perché quest'eccezione? "
# type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <p>
msgid ""
"It is not a matter of principle; there is no principle that says proprietary "
"software products are entitled to include our code. (Why contribute to a "
@@ -1276,6 +1382,7 @@
"qualsiasi altra libreria, è una questione di strategia. "
# type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <p>
msgid ""
"The C library does a generic job; every proprietary system or compiler comes "
"with a C library. Therefore, to make our C library available only to free "
@@ -1289,6 +1396,7 @@
"disincentivato l'uso della nostra libreria. "
# type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <p>
msgid ""
"One system is an exception to this: on the GNU system (and this includes GNU/"
"Linux), the GNU C library is the only C library. So the distribution terms "
@@ -1309,6 +1417,7 @@
"libere. "
# type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <p>
msgid ""
"For other libraries, the strategic decision needs to be considered on a case-"
"by-case basis. When a library does a special job that can help write "
@@ -1323,6 +1432,7 @@
"libero, dando loro un vantaggio nei confronti del software proprietario. "
# type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <p>
msgid ""
"Consider GNU Readline, a library that was developed to provide command-line "
"editing for BASH. Readline is released under the ordinary GNU GPL, not the "
@@ -1339,6 +1449,7 @@
"di usare Readline, e questo è un guadagno tangibile per la comunità . "
# type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <p>
msgid ""
"Proprietary software developers have the advantages money provides; free "
"software developers need to make advantages for each other. I hope some day "
@@ -1356,20 +1467,29 @@
"vantaggio per la scrittura di ulteriori programmi liberi. "
# type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "(1) This license is now called the GNU Lesser General Public License, to "
+#| "avoid giving the idea that all libraries ought to use it. <a href=\"/"
+#| "philosophy/why-not-lgpl.html\"></a>."
msgid ""
"(1) This license is now called the GNU Lesser General Public License, to "
-"avoid giving the idea that all libraries ought to use it. <a href=\"/"
-"philosophy/why-not-lgpl.html\"></a>."
+"avoid giving the idea that all libraries ought to use it. See <a href=\"/"
+"philosophy/why-not-lgpl.html\">Why you shouldn't use the Lesser GPL for your "
+"next library</a> for more information."
msgstr ""
"(1) La licenza LGPL è ora denominata \"Lesser GPL\", GPL attenuata, per non "
"suggerire che si tratti della forma di licenza preferenziale per le "
"librerie. <a href=\"/philosophy/why-not-lgpl.it.html\"></a>."
# type: Content of: <h3>
+#. type: Content of: <h3>
msgid "Scratching an itch?"
msgstr "Togliersi il prurito?"
# type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <p>
msgid ""
"Eric Raymond says that “Every good work of software starts by "
"scratching a developer's personal itch.” Maybe that happens sometimes, "
@@ -1385,6 +1505,7 @@
"contingente. "
# type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <p>
msgid ""
"For example, we developed the GNU C library because a Unix-like system needs "
"a C library, BASH because a Unix-like system needs a shell, and GNU tar "
@@ -1398,6 +1519,7 @@
"GNU Emacs, GDB, GNU Make. "
# type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <p>
msgid ""
"Some GNU programs were developed to cope with specific threats to our "
"freedom. Thus, we developed gzip to replace the Compress program, which had "
@@ -1422,6 +1544,7 @@
"a scegliere tra riservatezza e libertà . "
# type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <p>
msgid ""
"Of course, the people writing these programs became interested in the work, "
"and many features were added to them by various people for the sake of their "
@@ -1433,10 +1556,12 @@
"ragione dell'esistenza di tali programmi. "
# type: Content of: <h3>
+#. type: Content of: <h3>
msgid "Unexpected developments"
msgstr "Sviluppi inattesi"
# type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <p>
msgid ""
"At the beginning of the GNU Project, I imagined that we would develop the "
"whole GNU system, then release it as a whole. That is not how it happened."
@@ -1446,6 +1571,7 @@
"così. "
# type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <p>
msgid ""
"Since each component of the GNU system was implemented on a Unix system, "
"each component could run on Unix systems long before a complete GNU system "
@@ -1461,6 +1587,7 @@
"altri sistemi. "
# type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <p>
msgid ""
"The process made these programs much more powerful, and attracted both funds "
"and contributors to the GNU Project. But it probably also delayed "
@@ -1477,10 +1604,12 @@
"esistenti, piuttosto che a proseguire nella scrittura di nuovi componenti. "
# type: Content of: <h3>
+#. type: Content of: <h3>
msgid "The GNU Hurd"
msgstr "GNU-Hurd"
# type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <p>
msgid ""
"By 1990, the GNU system was almost complete; the only major missing "
"component was the kernel. We had decided to implement our kernel as a "
@@ -1501,6 +1630,7 @@
"reso disponibile come software libero, come era stato promesso. "
# type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <p>
msgid ""
"One reason for choosing this design was to avoid what seemed to be the "
"hardest part of the job: debugging a kernel program without a source-level "
@@ -1520,10 +1650,12 @@
"corso da molti anni."
# type: Content of: <h3>
+#. type: Content of: <h3>
msgid "Alix"
msgstr "Alix"
# type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <p>
msgid ""
"The GNU kernel was not originally supposed to be called the Hurd. Its "
"original name was Alix—named after the woman who was my sweetheart at "
@@ -1541,6 +1673,7 @@
"sorpresa scrivendo un kernel chiamato Alix. "
# type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <p>
msgid ""
"It did not stay that way. Michael (now Thomas) Bushnell, the main developer "
"of the kernel, preferred the name Hurd, and redefined Alix to refer to a "
@@ -1553,6 +1686,7 @@
"messaggi ai server che compongono Hurd. "
# type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <p>
msgid ""
"Later, Alix and I broke up, and she changed her name; independently, the "
"Hurd design was changed so that the C library would send messages directly "
@@ -1564,6 +1698,7 @@
"progetto."
# type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <p>
msgid ""
"But before these things happened, a friend of hers came across the name Alix "
"in the Hurd source code, and mentioned it to her. So she did have the "
@@ -1574,10 +1709,12 @@
"davvero l'opportunità di trovare un kernel col suo nome."
# type: Content of: <h3>
+#. type: Content of: <h3>
msgid "Linux and GNU/Linux"
msgstr "Linux e GNU/Linux"
# type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <p>
msgid ""
"The GNU Hurd is not suitable for production use, and we don't know if it "
"ever will be. The capability-based design has problems that result directly "
@@ -1589,6 +1726,7 @@
"possano trovare soluzioni."
# type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <p>
msgid ""
"Fortunately, another kernel is available. In 1991, Linus Torvalds developed "
"a Unix-compatible kernel and called it Linux. In 1992, he made Linux free "
@@ -1605,6 +1743,7 @@
"possiamo utilizzare una versione del sistema GNU. "
# type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <p>
msgid ""
"We call this system version GNU/Linux, to express its composition as a "
"combination of the GNU system with Linux as the kernel."
@@ -1613,10 +1752,12 @@
"composizione come una combinazione del sistema GNU col kernel Linux. "
# type: Content of: <h3>
+#. type: Content of: <h3>
msgid "Challenges in our future"
msgstr "Le sfide che ci aspettano"
# type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <p>
msgid ""
"We have proved our ability to develop a broad spectrum of free software. "
"This does not mean we are invincible and unstoppable. Several challenges "
@@ -1634,14 +1775,17 @@
"sottrargliela. "
# type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <p>
msgid "The following four sections discuss these challenges."
msgstr "Le quattro sezioni seguenti parlano di queste sfide. "
# type: Content of: <h3>
+#. type: Content of: <h3>
msgid "Secret hardware"
msgstr "Hardware segreto"
# type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <p>
msgid ""
"Hardware manufacturers increasingly tend to keep hardware specifications "
"secret. This makes it difficult to write free drivers so that Linux and "
@@ -1656,6 +1800,7 @@
"domani. "
# type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <p>
msgid ""
"There are two ways to cope with this problem. Programmers can do reverse "
"engineering to figure out how to support the hardware. The rest of us can "
@@ -1669,6 +1814,7 @@
"specifiche diventerà una pratica controproducente. "
# type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <p>
msgid ""
"Reverse engineering is a big job; will we have programmers with sufficient "
"determination to undertake it? Yes—if we have built up a strong "
@@ -1686,6 +1832,7 @@
"saranno diffusi. "
# type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <p>
msgid ""
"(2008 note: this issue extends to the BIOS as well. There is a free BIOS, "
"coreboot; the problem is getting specs for machines so that coreboot can "
@@ -1696,10 +1843,12 @@
"che coreboot possa supportarlo)."
# type: Content of: <h3>
+#. type: Content of: <h3>
msgid "Nonfree libraries"
msgstr "Librerie non libere"
# type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <p>
msgid ""
"A nonfree library that runs on free operating systems acts as a trap for "
"free software developers. The library's attractive features are the bait; "
@@ -1719,6 +1868,7 @@
"altri ignari programmatori nella trappola. "
# type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <p>
msgid ""
"The first instance of this problem was the Motif toolkit, back in the 80s. "
"Although there were as yet no free operating systems, it was clear what "
@@ -1740,6 +1890,7 @@
"delle applicazioni Motif. "
# type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <p>
msgid ""
"Between 1996 and 1998, another nonfree <acronym title=\"Graphical User "
"Interface\">GUI</acronym> toolkit library, called Qt, was used in a "
@@ -1751,6 +1902,7 @@
"l'ambiente grafico <acronym title=\"K Desktop Environment\">KDE</acronym>."
# type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <p>
msgid ""
"Free GNU/Linux systems were unable to use KDE, because we could not use the "
"library. However, some commercial distributors of GNU/Linux systems who "
@@ -1770,6 +1922,7 @@
"situazione si faceva pericolosa. "
# type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <p>
msgid ""
"The free software community responded to the problem in two ways: GNOME and "
"Harmony."
@@ -1778,6 +1931,7 @@
"Harmony. "
# type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <p>
msgid ""
"GNOME, the GNU Network Object Model Environment, is GNU's desktop project. "
"Started in 1997 by Miguel de Icaza, and developed with the support of Red "
@@ -1796,6 +1950,7 @@
"alcun programma che non fosse libero. "
# type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <p>
msgid ""
"Harmony is a compatible replacement library, designed to make it possible to "
"run KDE software without using Qt."
@@ -1804,6 +1959,7 @@
"l'uso del software KDE senza dover usare Qt. "
# type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <p>
msgid ""
"In November 1998, the developers of Qt announced a change of license which, "
"when carried out, should make Qt free software. There is no way to be sure, "
@@ -1819,6 +1975,7 @@
"l'uso di Qt). "
# type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <p>
msgid ""
"[Subsequent note: in September 2000, Qt was rereleased under the GNU GPL, "
"which essentially solved this problem.]"
@@ -1827,6 +1984,7 @@
"GNU GPL, il che di fatto risolse il problema]."
# type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <p>
msgid ""
"How will we respond to the next tempting nonfree library? Will the whole "
"community understand the need to stay out of the trap? Or will many of us "
@@ -1839,10 +1997,12 @@
"un grave problema? Il nostro futuro dipende dalla nostra filosofia. "
# type: Content of: <h3>
+#. type: Content of: <h3>
msgid "Software patents"
msgstr "Brevetti sul software"
# type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <p>
msgid ""
"The worst threat we face comes from software patents, which can put "
"algorithms and features off limits to free software for up to twenty years. "
@@ -1865,6 +2025,7 @@
"violazione di brevetto. "
# type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <p>
msgid ""
"There are ways to cope with patents: we can search for evidence that a "
"patent is invalid, and we can look for alternative ways to do a job. But "
@@ -1880,6 +2041,7 @@
"gli utenti desiderano. Cosa dobbiamo fare quando ciò accade? "
# type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <p>
msgid ""
"Those of us who value free software for freedom's sake will stay with free "
"software anyway. We will manage to get work done without the patented "
@@ -1901,10 +2063,12 @@
"dobbiamo parlare di libertà e di principi. "
# type: Content of: <h3>
+#. type: Content of: <h3>
msgid "Free documentation"
msgstr "Documentazione libera"
# type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <p>
msgid ""
"The biggest deficiency in our free operating systems is not in the "
"software—it is the lack of good free manuals that we can include in "
@@ -1920,6 +2084,7 @@
"queste lacune attualmente ne abbiamo molte. "
# type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <p>
msgid ""
"Free documentation, like free software, is a matter of freedom, not price. "
"The criterion for a free manual is pretty much the same as for free "
@@ -1936,6 +2101,7 @@
"copia del programma. "
# type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <p>
msgid ""
"Permission for modification is crucial too. As a general rule, I don't "
"believe that it is essential for people to have permission to modify all "
@@ -1950,6 +2116,7 @@
"descrivono le nostre azioni e il nostro punto di vista. "
# type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <p>
msgid ""
"But there is a particular reason why the freedom to modify is crucial for "
"documentation for free software. When people exercise their right to modify "
@@ -1969,6 +2136,7 @@
"della nostra comunità . "
# type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <p>
msgid ""
"Some kinds of limits on how modifications are done pose no problem. For "
"example, requirements to preserve the original author's copyright notice, "
@@ -1993,6 +2161,7 @@
"comunità del software libero di beneficiare appieno dal manuale. "
# type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <p>
msgid ""
"However, it must be possible to modify all the <em>technical</em> content of "
"the manual, and then distribute the result in all the usual media, through "
@@ -2006,6 +2175,7 @@
"manuale non sarebbe libero e avremmo bisogno di un altro manuale. "
# type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <p>
msgid ""
"Will free software developers have the awareness and determination to "
"produce a full spectrum of free manuals? Once again, our future depends on "
@@ -2016,10 +2186,12 @@
"Ancora una volta, il nostro futuro dipende dalla nostra filosofia. "
# type: Content of: <h3>
+#. type: Content of: <h3>
msgid "We must talk about freedom"
msgstr "Dobbiamo parlare di libertà "
# type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <p>
msgid ""
"Estimates today are that there are ten million users of GNU/Linux systems "
"such as Debian GNU/Linux and Red Hat “Linux”. Free software has "
@@ -2032,6 +2204,7 @@
"pure ragioni pratiche. "
# type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <p>
msgid ""
"The good consequences of this are evident: more interest in developing free "
"software, more customers for free software businesses, and more ability to "
@@ -2044,6 +2217,7 @@
"commerciale libero invece che prodotti software proprietari. "
# type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <p>
msgid ""
"But interest in the software is growing faster than awareness of the "
"philosophy it is based on, and this leads to trouble. Our ability to meet "
@@ -2060,6 +2234,7 @@
"che entrano a far parte della comunità . "
# type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <p>
msgid ""
"But we are failing to do so: the efforts to attract new users into our "
"community are far outstripping the efforts to teach them the civics of our "
@@ -2072,10 +2247,12 @@
"un equilibrio fra i due impegni. "
# type: Content of: <h3>
+#. type: Content of: <h3>
msgid "“Open Source”"
msgstr "\"Open Source\""
# type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <p>
msgid ""
"Teaching new users about freedom became more difficult in 1998, when a part "
"of the community decided to stop using the term “free software” "
@@ -2086,6 +2263,7 @@
"\"free software\" e usare al suo posto \"open source\". "
# type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <p>
msgid ""
"Some who favored this term aimed to avoid the confusion of “"
"free” with “gratis”—a valid goal. Others, however, "
@@ -2107,6 +2285,7 @@
"ma evita deliberatamente le idee di libertà , comunità , principio. "
# type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <p>
msgid ""
"The “Linux” magazines are a clear example of this—they are "
"filled with advertisements for proprietary software that works with GNU/"
@@ -2119,6 +2298,7 @@
"programmatori di starne lontano o accetteranno la sua pubblicità ? "
# type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <p>
msgid ""
"The support of business can contribute to the community in many ways; all "
"else being equal, it is useful. But winning their support by speaking even "
@@ -2132,6 +2312,7 @@
"civica. "
# type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <p>
msgid ""
"“Free software” and “open source” describe the same "
"category of software, more or less, but say different things about the "
@@ -2146,10 +2327,12 @@
"importante, non solo la tecnologia. "
# type: Content of: <h3>
+#. type: Content of: <h3>
msgid "Try!"
msgstr "Prova!"
# type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <p>
msgid ""
"Yoda's aphorism (“There is no ‘try’”) sounds neat, "
"but it doesn't work for me. I have done most of my work while anxious about "
@@ -2166,6 +2349,7 @@
"mia città . Sorprendendo me stesso, qualche volta sono riuscito. "
# type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <p>
msgid ""
"Sometimes I failed; some of my cities have fallen. Then I found another "
"threatened city, and got ready for another battle. Over time, I've learned "
@@ -2179,6 +2363,7 @@
"si unissero a me. "
# type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <p>
msgid ""
"Nowadays, often I'm not the only one. It is a relief and a joy when I see a "
"regiment of hackers digging in to hold the line, and I realize, this city "
@@ -2197,16 +2382,23 @@
# type: Content of: <div>
#. TRANSLATORS: Use space (SPC) as msgstr if you don't have notes.
+#. type: Content of: <div>
msgid "*GNUN-SLOT: TRANSLATOR'S NOTES*"
msgstr " "
# type: Content of: <div><p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "Please send FSF & GNU inquiries to <a
href=\"mailto:address@hidden";><"
+#| "address@hidden></a>. There are also <a href=\"/contact/\">other ways
to "
+#| "contact</a> the FSF. <br /> Please send broken links and other "
+#| "corrections or suggestions to <a href=\"mailto:address@hidden";><"
+#| "address@hidden></a>."
msgid ""
"Please send FSF & GNU inquiries to <a href=\"mailto:address@hidden";><"
"address@hidden></a>. There are also <a href=\"/contact/\">other ways to "
-"contact</a> the FSF. <br /> Please send broken links and other corrections "
-"or suggestions to <a href=\"mailto:address@hidden";><address@hidden"
-"org></a>."
+"contact</a> the FSF."
msgstr ""
"Per informazioni su FSF e GNU rivolgetevi, possibilmente in inglese, a <a "
"href=\"mailto:address@hidden";>address@hidden</a>. Ci sono anche <a href=\"/"
@@ -2216,6 +2408,27 @@
"Grazie."
# type: Content of: <div><p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "Please send FSF & GNU inquiries to <a
href=\"mailto:address@hidden";><"
+#| "address@hidden></a>. There are also <a href=\"/contact/\">other ways
to "
+#| "contact</a> the FSF. <br /> Please send broken links and other "
+#| "corrections or suggestions to <a href=\"mailto:address@hidden";><"
+#| "address@hidden></a>."
+msgid ""
+"Please send broken links and other corrections or suggestions to <a href="
+"\"mailto:address@hidden";><address@hidden></a>."
+msgstr ""
+"Per informazioni su FSF e GNU rivolgetevi, possibilmente in inglese, a <a "
+"href=\"mailto:address@hidden";>address@hidden</a>. Ci sono anche <a href=\"/"
+"contact/\">altri modi di contattare</a> la FSF. <br />Inviate segnalazioni "
+"di link non funzionanti e altre correzioni o suggerimenti relativi alle "
+"pagine web a <a href=\"mailto:address@hidden";>address@hidden</a>. "
+"Grazie."
+
+# type: Content of: <div><p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"Please see the <a href=\"/server/standards/README.translations.html"
"\">Translations README</a> for information on coordinating and submitting "
@@ -2227,11 +2440,23 @@
"pagine di questo sito contattate il <a href=\"http://savannah.gnu.org/";
"projects/www-it/\">gruppo dei traduttori italiani</a>."
-# type: Content of: <div><p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"Copyright © 1998, 2001, 2002, 2005, 2006, 2007, 2008, 2010 Richard "
-"Stallman <br /> Verbatim copying and distribution of this entire article is "
-"permitted in any medium without royalty provided this notice is preserved."
+"Stallman"
+msgstr ""
+
+# type: Content of: <div><p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "Copyright © 1998, 2001, 2002, 2005, 2006, 2007, 2008, 2010 Richard "
+#| "Stallman <br /> Verbatim copying and distribution of this entire article "
+#| "is permitted in any medium without royalty provided this notice is "
+#| "preserved."
+msgid ""
+"Verbatim copying and distribution of this entire article is permitted in any "
+"medium without royalty provided this notice is preserved."
msgstr ""
"Copyright © 1998, 2001, 2002, 2005, 2006, 2007, 2008, 2010 Richard "
"Stallman <br /> La copia letterale e la distribuzione di questo articolo "
@@ -2240,6 +2465,7 @@
# type: Content of: <div><div>
#. TRANSLATORS: Use space (SPC) as msgstr if you don't want credits.
+#. type: Content of: <div><div>
msgid "*GNUN-SLOT: TRANSLATOR'S CREDITS*"
msgstr ""
"Tradotto originariamente da Lorenzo Bettini, Antonio Cisternino, Alberto "
@@ -2249,9 +2475,19 @@
# type: Content of: <div><p>
#. timestamp start
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid "Updated:"
msgstr "Ultimo aggiornamento:"
# type: Content of: <div><h4>
+#. type: Content of: <div><h4>
msgid "Translations of this page"
msgstr "Traduzioni di questa pagina:"
+
+# type: Content of: <blockquote><p>
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "If I am not for myself, who will be for me?<br /> If I am only for "
+#~ "myself, what am I?<br /> If not now, when?"
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "Se non sono per me stesso, chi sarà per me? <br/> E se sono solo per me "
+#~ "stesso, che cosa sono? <br/> E se non ora, quando?"
Index: gnu/po/thegnuproject.pl.po
===================================================================
RCS file: /web/www/www/gnu/po/thegnuproject.pl.po,v
retrieving revision 1.2
retrieving revision 1.3
diff -u -b -r1.2 -r1.3
--- gnu/po/thegnuproject.pl.po 5 Jul 2011 03:19:25 -0000 1.2
+++ gnu/po/thegnuproject.pl.po 9 Jul 2011 16:28:44 -0000 1.3
@@ -7,7 +7,7 @@
msgid ""
msgstr ""
"Project-Id-Version: thegnuproject.html\n"
-"POT-Creation-Date: 2010-11-12 20:27-0500\n"
+"POT-Creation-Date: 2011-07-09 12:28-0300\n"
"PO-Revision-Date: 2011-07-04 15:37-0600\n"
"Last-Translator: Jan Owoc <jsowoc AT gmail.com>\n"
"Language-Team: Polish\n"
@@ -20,36 +20,43 @@
"X-Generator: Virtaal 0.7.0\n"
# type: Content of: <title>
+#. type: Content of: <title>
msgid "About the GNU Project - GNU Project - Free Software Foundation (FSF)"
msgstr "O projekcie GNU - Projekt GNU - Fundacja wolnego oprogramowania (FSF)"
# type: Attribute 'content' of: <meta>
+#. type: Attribute 'content' of: <meta>
msgid "GNU, GNU Project, FSF, Free Software, Free Software Foundation, History"
msgstr ""
"GNU, Projekt GNU, FSF, wolne oprogramowanie, Fundacja wolnego "
"oprogramowania, historia"
# type: Content of: <h2>
+#. type: Content of: <h2>
msgid "The GNU Project"
msgstr "Projekt GNU"
# type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <p>
msgid ""
"by <a href=\"http://www.stallman.org/\";><strong>Richard Stallman</strong></a>"
msgstr ""
"<a href=\"http://www.stallman.org/\";><strong>Richard Stallman</strong></a>"
# type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <p>
msgid ""
"the original version was published in the book “Open Sources”"
msgstr ""
"tekst pierwotnie opublikowany w ksiÄ
żce „Open Sources”"
# type: Content of: <h3>
+#. type: Content of: <h3>
msgid "The first software-sharing community"
msgstr "Pierwsza spoÅecznoÅÄ dzielÄ
ca siÄ oprogramowaniem"
# type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <p>
msgid ""
"When I started working at the <acronym title=\"Massachusetts Institute of "
"Technology\">MIT</acronym> Artificial Intelligence Lab in 1971, I became "
@@ -68,6 +75,7 @@
"inne."
# type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <p>
msgid ""
"The AI Lab used a timesharing operating system called <acronym title="
"\"Incompatible Timesharing System\">ITS</acronym> (the Incompatible "
@@ -87,6 +95,7 @@
"polegaÅa na rozwijaniu tego systemu."
# type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <p>
msgid ""
"We did not call our software “free software”, because that term "
"did not yet exist; but that is what it was. Whenever people from another "
@@ -105,6 +114,7 @@
"stworzenia nowego programu."
# type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <p>
msgid ""
"(1) The use of “hacker” to mean “security breaker” "
"is a confusion on the part of the mass media. We hackers refuse to "
@@ -122,10 +132,12 @@
"articles/on-hacking.html\">On Hacking</a> [po angielsku]."
# type: Content of: <h3>
+#. type: Content of: <h3>
msgid "The collapse of the community"
msgstr "Upadek spoÅecznoÅci"
# type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <p>
msgid ""
"The situation changed drastically in the early 1980s when Digital "
"discontinued the PDP-10 series. Its architecture, elegant and powerful in "
@@ -141,6 +153,7 @@
"na ITS staÅy siÄ przestarzaÅe."
# type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <p>
msgid ""
"The AI Lab hacker community had already collapsed, not long before. In "
"1981, the spin-off company Symbolics had hired away nearly all of the "
@@ -161,6 +174,7 @@
"firmÄ Digital zastrzeżonego systemu operacyjnego z podziaÅem czasu."
# type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <p>
msgid ""
"The modern computers of the era, such as the VAX or the 68020, had their own "
"operating systems, but none of them were free software: you had to sign a "
@@ -172,6 +186,7 @@
"po to tylko, by dostaÄ program w postaci pliku wykonywalnego."
# type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <p>
msgid ""
"This meant that the first step in using a computer was to promise not to "
"help your neighbor. A cooperating community was forbidden. The rule made "
@@ -187,6 +202,7 @@
"wprowadzili”."
# type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <p>
msgid ""
"The idea that the proprietary software social system—the system that "
"says you are not allowed to share or change software—is antisocial, "
@@ -212,6 +228,7 @@
"sposób, w jaki można patrzeÄ na sprawÄ."
# type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <p>
msgid ""
"When software publishers talk about “enforcing” their “"
"rights” or “stopping <a href=\"/philosophy/words-to-avoid."
@@ -229,6 +246,7 @@
"Przetestujmy zatem te zaÅożenia."
# type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <p>
msgid ""
"One assumption is that software companies have an unquestionable natural "
"right to own software and thus have power over all its users. (If this were "
@@ -248,6 +266,7 @@
"użytkowników do kopiowania."
# type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <p>
msgid ""
"Another unstated assumption is that the only important thing about software "
"is what jobs it allows you to do—that we computer users should not "
@@ -259,6 +278,7 @@
"spoÅecznoÅci mamy prawo tworzyÄ."
# type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <p>
msgid ""
"A third assumption is that we would have no usable software (or would never "
"have a program to do this or that particular job) if we did not offer a "
@@ -275,6 +295,7 @@
"niego kajdan."
# type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <p>
msgid ""
"If we decline to accept these assumptions, and judge these issues based on "
"ordinary commonsense morality while placing the users first, we arrive at "
@@ -291,6 +312,7 @@
"spoÅeczeÅstwa."
# type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <p>
msgid ""
"There is no room here for an extensive statement of the reasoning behind "
"this conclusion, so I refer the reader to the web page, <a href=\"/"
@@ -302,10 +324,12 @@
"mieÄ wÅaÅcicieli</a>."
# type: Content of: <h3>
+#. type: Content of: <h3>
msgid "A stark moral choice."
msgstr "Wybór czysto moralny"
# type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <p>
msgid ""
"With my community gone, to continue as before was impossible. Instead, I "
"faced a stark moral choice."
@@ -314,6 +338,7 @@
"nie zmieniÅo. StanÄ
Åem w obliczu czysto moralnego wyboru."
# type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <p>
msgid ""
"The easy choice was to join the proprietary software world, signing "
"nondisclosure agreements and promising not to help my fellow hacker. Most "
@@ -329,6 +354,7 @@
"zdradzili swoich przyjacióÅ."
# type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <p>
msgid ""
"I could have made money this way, and perhaps amused myself writing code. "
"But I knew that at the end of my career, I would look back on years of "
@@ -342,6 +368,7 @@
"gorszym miejscem."
# type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <p>
msgid ""
"I had already experienced being on the receiving end of a nondisclosure "
"agreement, when someone refused to give me and the MIT AI Lab the source "
@@ -360,6 +387,7 @@
"obróciÄ siÄ na piÄcie i zaczÄ
Ä robiÄ to samo innym."
# type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <p>
msgid ""
"Another choice, straightforward but unpleasant, was to leave the computer "
"field. That way my skills would not be misused, but they would still be "
@@ -373,6 +401,7 @@
"tak miaÅoby miejsce."
# type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <p>
msgid ""
"So I looked for a way that a programmer could do something for the good. I "
"asked myself, was there a program or programs that I could write, so as to "
@@ -384,6 +413,7 @@
"spoÅecznoÅci."
# type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <p>
msgid ""
"The answer was clear: what was needed first was an operating system. That "
"is the crucial software for starting to use a computer. With an operating "
@@ -403,6 +433,7 @@
"ogoÅocenie z praw wÅasnych przyjacióÅ."
# type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <p>
msgid ""
"As an operating system developer, I had the right skills for this job. So "
"even though I could not take success for granted, I realized that I was "
@@ -421,6 +452,7 @@
"Unix” [„GNU to Nie Unix”]."
# type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <p>
msgid ""
"An operating system does not mean just a kernel, barely enough to run other "
"programs. In the 1970s, every operating system worthy of the name included "
@@ -436,24 +468,31 @@
"miaÅ, VMS miaÅ i Unix miaÅ. System operacyjny GNU także miaÅ to
mieÄ."
# type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <p>
msgid "Later I heard these words, attributed to Hillel (1):"
msgstr "Później usÅyszaÅem sÅowa, przypisywane Hillelowi (1):"
-# type: Content of: <blockquote><p>
-msgid ""
-"If I am not for myself, who will be for me?<br /> If I am only for myself, "
-"what am I?<br /> If not now, when?"
+#. type: Content of: <blockquote><p>
+msgid "If I am not for myself, who will be for me?"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <blockquote><p>
+msgid "If I am only for myself, what am I?"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <blockquote><p>
+msgid "If not now, when?"
msgstr ""
-"JeÅli nie jestem dla siebie, kto bÄdzie dla mnie?<br /> JeÅli jestem tylko
"
-"dla siebie, to czym jestem?<br /> JeÅli nie teraz, to kiedy?"
# type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <p>
msgid "The decision to start the GNU Project was based on a similar spirit."
msgstr ""
"Decyzja o powoÅaniu do życia Projektu GNU podjÄta zostaÅa w "
"podobnym duchu."
# type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <p>
msgid ""
"(1) As an Atheist, I don't follow any religious leaders, but I sometimes "
"find I admire something one of them has said."
@@ -463,10 +502,12 @@
"z nich wypowiedziaÅ."
# type: Content of: <h3>
+#. type: Content of: <h3>
msgid "Free as in freedom"
msgstr "Free as in freedom"
# type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <p>
msgid ""
"The term “free software” is sometimes misunderstood—it has "
"nothing to do with price. It is about freedom. Here, therefore, is the "
@@ -479,15 +520,18 @@
"o wolnoÅÄ. Dlatego definicja wolnego oprogramowania jest nastÄpujÄ
ca."
# type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <p>
msgid "A program is free software, for you, a particular user, if:"
msgstr ""
"Program jest wolnym oprogramowaniem dla ciebie, jego użytkownika, jeÅli:"
# type: Content of: <ul><li>
+#. type: Content of: <ul><li>
msgid "You have the freedom to run the program as you wish, for any purpose."
msgstr "Masz prawo do jego uruchamiania w dowolnym celu."
# type: Content of: <ul><li>
+#. type: Content of: <ul><li>
msgid ""
"You have the freedom to modify the program to suit your needs. (To make "
"this freedom effective in practice, you must have access to the source code, "
@@ -500,6 +544,7 @@
"bez posiadania kodu źródÅowego jest niewyobrażalnie trudne.)"
# type: Content of: <ul><li>
+#. type: Content of: <ul><li>
msgid ""
"You have the freedom to redistribute copies, either gratis or for a fee."
msgstr ""
@@ -507,6 +552,7 @@
"i za opÅatÄ
."
# type: Content of: <ul><li>
+#. type: Content of: <ul><li>
msgid ""
"You have the freedom to distribute modified versions of the program, so that "
"the community can benefit from your improvements."
@@ -515,6 +561,7 @@
"spoÅecznoÅÄ mogÅa skorzystaÄ z twoich ulepszeÅ."
# type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <p>
msgid ""
"Since “free” refers to freedom, not to price, there is no "
"contradiction between selling copies and free software. In fact, the "
@@ -533,6 +580,7 @@
"zestawu, nie jest wolnym oprogramowaniem."
# type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <p>
msgid ""
"Because of the ambiguity of “free”, people have long looked for "
"alternatives, but no one has found a better term. The English language has "
@@ -554,10 +602,12 @@
"albo niewÅaÅciwe znaczenie, albo jakieÅ inne wady."
# type: Content of: <h3>
+#. type: Content of: <h3>
msgid "GNU software and the GNU system"
msgstr "Oprogramowanie GNU i system GNU"
# type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <p>
msgid ""
"Developing a whole system is a very large project. To bring it into reach, "
"I decided to adapt and use existing pieces of free software wherever that "
@@ -573,6 +623,7 @@
"System, niż pisaÄ inny system okien dla GNU."
# type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <p>
msgid ""
"Because of this decision, the GNU system is not the same as the collection "
"of all GNU software. The GNU system includes programs that are not GNU "
@@ -586,10 +637,12 @@
"oprogramowaniem."
# type: Content of: <h3>
+#. type: Content of: <h3>
msgid "Commencing the project"
msgstr "PoczÄ
tki projektu"
# type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <p>
msgid ""
"In January 1984 I quit my job at MIT and began writing GNU software. "
"Leaving MIT was necessary so that MIT would not be able to interfere with "
@@ -611,6 +664,7 @@
"oprogramowaniem."
# type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <p>
msgid ""
"However, Professor Winston, then the head of the MIT AI Lab, kindly invited "
"me to keep using the lab's facilities."
@@ -620,10 +674,12 @@
"wyposażenia laboratorium."
# type: Content of: <h3>
+#. type: Content of: <h3>
msgid "The first steps"
msgstr "Pierwsze kroki"
# type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <p>
msgid ""
"Shortly before beginning the GNU Project, I heard about the Free University "
"Compiler Kit, also known as VUCK. (The Dutch word for “free” is "
@@ -640,6 +696,7 @@
"do autora z pytaniem, czy można go użyÄ do tworzenia
GNU."
# type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <p>
msgid ""
"He responded derisively, stating that the university was free but the "
"compiler was not. I therefore decided that my first program for the GNU "
@@ -650,6 +707,7 @@
"bÄdzie wielojÄzykowy i wieloplatformowy kompilator."
# type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <p>
msgid ""
"Hoping to avoid the need to write the whole compiler myself, I obtained the "
"source code for the Pastel compiler, which was a multiplatform compiler "
@@ -671,6 +729,7 @@
"zezwalaÅ tylko na 64 kb."
# type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <p>
msgid ""
"I then realized that the Pastel compiler functioned by parsing the entire "
"input file into a syntax tree, converting the whole syntax tree into a chain "
@@ -693,10 +752,12 @@
"lat później. Najpierw pracowaÅem nad Emacsem."
# type: Content of: <h3>
+#. type: Content of: <h3>
msgid "GNU Emacs"
msgstr "GNU Emacs"
# type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <p>
msgid ""
"I began work on GNU Emacs in September 1984, and in early 1985 it was "
"beginning to be usable. This enabled me to begin using Unix systems to do "
@@ -710,6 +771,7 @@
"maszynach innego typu."
# type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <p>
msgid ""
"At this point, people began wanting to use GNU Emacs, which raised the "
"question of how to distribute it. Of course, I put it on the anonymous ftp "
@@ -731,6 +793,7 @@
"co miaÅem im powiedzieÄ?"
# type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <p>
msgid ""
"I could have said, “Find a friend who is on the net and who will make "
"a copy for you.” Or I could have done what I did with the original PDP-"
@@ -754,10 +817,12 @@
"rozpowszechniajÄ
cych caÅe systemy GNU oparte na Linuksie."
# type: Content of: <h3>
+#. type: Content of: <h3>
msgid "Is a program free for every user?"
msgstr "Czy program jest wolny dla każdego użytkownika?"
# type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <p>
msgid ""
"If a program is free software when it leaves the hands of its author, this "
"does not necessarily mean it will be free software for everyone who has a "
@@ -779,6 +844,7 @@
"tworzenie zmodyfikowanych, zastrzeżonych wersji."
# type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <p>
msgid ""
"The paradigmatic example of this problem is the X Window System. Developed "
"at MIT, and released as free software with a permissive license, it was soon "
@@ -794,6 +860,7 @@
"nieujawnianiu. Te kopie X-ów nie byÅy już bardziej wolne, niż sam Unix."
# type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <p>
msgid ""
"The developers of the X Window System did not consider this a problem—"
"they expected and intended this to happen. Their goal was not freedom, just "
@@ -807,6 +874,7 @@
"tylko o to, by ich byÅo wielu."
# type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <p>
msgid ""
"This led to a paradoxical situation where two different ways of counting the "
"amount of freedom gave different answers to the question, “Is this "
@@ -826,10 +894,12 @@
"wersji dostarczanych z Uniksami, a nie wolnej wersji."
# type: Content of: <h3>
+#. type: Content of: <h3>
msgid "Copyleft and the GNU GPL"
msgstr "Copyleft i GNU GPL"
# type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <p>
msgid ""
"The goal of GNU was to give users freedom, not just to be popular. So we "
"needed to use distribution terms that would prevent GNU software from being "
@@ -842,6 +912,7 @@
"której użyliÅmy, nazywa siÄ „copyleft”.(1)"
# type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <p>
msgid ""
"Copyleft uses copyright law, but flips it over to serve the opposite of its "
"usual purpose: instead of a means for restricting a program, it becomes a "
@@ -853,6 +924,7 @@
"wÅasnoÅÄ, staje siÄ narzÄdziem sÅużÄ
cym do zachowania wolnoÅci
programu."
# type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <p>
msgid ""
"The central idea of copyleft is that we give everyone permission to run the "
"program, copy the program, modify the program, and distribute modified "
@@ -868,6 +940,7 @@
"kto ma jego kopiÄ; stajÄ
siÄ prawami niezbywalnymi."
# type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <p>
msgid ""
"For an effective copyleft, modified versions must also be free. This "
"ensures that work based on ours becomes available to our community if it is "
@@ -885,6 +958,7 @@
"zastrzeżonej wersji tego programu”."
# type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <p>
msgid ""
"The requirement that changes must be free is essential if we want to ensure "
"freedom for every user of the program. The companies that privatized the X "
@@ -902,6 +976,7 @@
"nadużywaÄ tej wymówki."
# type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <p>
msgid ""
"A related issue concerns combining a free program with nonfree code. Such a "
"combination would inevitably be nonfree; whichever freedoms are lacking for "
@@ -921,6 +996,7 @@
"caÅoÅÄ także byÅa wolna i wydana na zasadach copyleftu."
# type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <p>
msgid ""
"The specific implementation of copyleft that we use for most GNU software is "
"the GNU General Public License, or GNU GPL for short. We have other kinds "
@@ -937,6 +1013,7 @@
"zÅożonoÅÄ GNU GPL.(2)"
# type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <p>
msgid ""
"(1) In 1984 or 1985, Don Hopkins (a very imaginative fellow) mailed me a "
"letter. On the envelope he had written several amusing sayings, including "
@@ -952,6 +1029,7 @@
"jakÄ
rozwijaÅem w owym czasie."
# type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <p>
msgid ""
"(2) We now use the <a href=\"/licenses/fdl.html\">GNU Free Documentation "
"License</a> for documentation."
@@ -960,10 +1038,12 @@
"\">LicencjÄ GNU Wolnej Dokumentacji</a> [GNU Free Documentation License]."
# type: Content of: <h3>
+#. type: Content of: <h3>
msgid "The Free Software Foundation"
msgstr "Fundacja wolnego oprogramowania (Free Software Foundation)"
# type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <p>
msgid ""
"As interest in using Emacs was growing, other people became involved in the "
"GNU project, and we decided that it was time to seek funding once again. So "
@@ -985,6 +1065,7 @@
"GNU), a także sprzedaż wolnych instrukcji obsÅugi."
# type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <p>
msgid ""
"Most of the FSF's income used to come from sales of copies of free software "
"and of other related services (CD-ROMs of source code, CD-ROMs with "
@@ -1007,6 +1088,7 @@
"\"http://fsf.org/join\";>fsf.org</a>."
# type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <p>
msgid ""
"Free Software Foundation employees have written and maintained a number of "
"GNU software packages. Two notable ones are the C library and the shell. "
@@ -1026,6 +1108,7 @@
"stworzyÅ pracownik FSF Brian Fox."
# type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <p>
msgid ""
"We funded development of these programs because the GNU Project was not just "
"about tools or a development environment. Our goal was a complete operating "
@@ -1037,6 +1120,7 @@
"jego stworzenia."
# type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <p>
msgid ""
"(1) “Bourne Again Shell” is a play on the name “Bourne "
"Shell”, which was the usual shell on Unix."
@@ -1047,10 +1131,12 @@
"do „born again”, „nowo narodzony”.]"
# type: Content of: <h3>
+#. type: Content of: <h3>
msgid "Free software support"
msgstr "Wsparcie dla wolnego oprogramowania"
# type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <p>
msgid ""
"The free software philosophy rejects a specific widespread business "
"practice, but it is not against business. When businesses respect the "
@@ -1061,6 +1147,7 @@
"wolnoÅÄ użytkowników, życzymy mu sukcesu."
# type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <p>
msgid ""
"Selling copies of Emacs demonstrates one kind of free software business. "
"When the FSF took over that business, I needed another way to make a "
@@ -1079,6 +1166,7 @@
"gÅównie implementacja GCC na nowe platformy."
# type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <p>
msgid ""
"Today each of these kinds of free software business is practiced by a number "
"of corporations. Some distribute free software collections on CD-ROM; "
@@ -1095,6 +1183,7 @@
"na wypuszczaniu nowych produktów wolnego oprogramowania."
# type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <p>
msgid ""
"Watch out, though—a number of companies that associate themselves with "
"the term “open source” actually base their business on nonfree "
@@ -1117,10 +1206,12 @@
"je raczej produktami z „odebranÄ
wolnoÅciÄ
”."
# type: Content of: <h3>
+#. type: Content of: <h3>
msgid "Technical goals"
msgstr "OsiÄ
gniÄcia techniczne"
# type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <p>
msgid ""
"The principal goal of GNU is to be free software. Even if GNU had no "
"technical advantage over Unix, it would have a social advantage, allowing "
@@ -1133,6 +1224,7 @@
"przestrzeganie zasad wolnoÅci użytkownika."
# type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <p>
msgid ""
"But it was natural to apply the known standards of good practice to the "
"work—for example, dynamically allocating data structures to avoid "
@@ -1146,6 +1238,7 @@
"to sens."
# type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <p>
msgid ""
"In addition, we rejected the Unix focus on small memory size, by deciding "
"not to support 16-bit machines (it was clear that 32-bit machines would be "
@@ -1166,6 +1259,7 @@
"jego zawartoÅci bez obaw o ograniczenia wejÅcia-wyjÅcia."
# type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <p>
msgid ""
"These decisions enabled many GNU programs to surpass their Unix counterparts "
"in reliability and speed."
@@ -1174,10 +1268,12 @@
"od swoich uniksowych odpowiedników."
# type: Content of: <h3>
+#. type: Content of: <h3>
msgid "Donated computers"
msgstr "Podarowane komputery"
# type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <p>
msgid ""
"As the GNU Project's reputation grew, people began offering to donate "
"machines running Unix to the project. These were very useful, because the "
@@ -1194,6 +1290,7 @@
"ogóle byÅo w porzÄ
dku?"
# type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <p>
msgid ""
"Unix was (and is) proprietary software, and the GNU Project's philosophy "
"said that we should not use proprietary software. But, applying the same "
@@ -1212,6 +1309,7 @@
"z zastrzeżonych pakietów."
# type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <p>
msgid ""
"But, even if this was a justifiable evil, it was still an evil. Today we no "
"longer have any copies of Unix, because we have replaced them with free "
@@ -1224,10 +1322,12 @@
"maszyny na wolnym system, to wymienialiÅmy maszynÄ."
# type: Content of: <h3>
+#. type: Content of: <h3>
msgid "The GNU Task List"
msgstr "Lista zadaÅ GNU"
# type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <p>
msgid ""
"As the GNU Project proceeded, and increasing numbers of system components "
"were found or developed, eventually it became useful to make a list of the "
@@ -1247,6 +1347,7 @@
"sÄ
dziliÅmy – każdy naprawdÄ kompletny system powinien posiadaÄ."
# type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <p>
msgid ""
"Today (1), hardly any Unix components are left in the GNU Task List—"
"those jobs had been done, aside from a few inessential ones. But the list "
@@ -1262,6 +1363,7 @@
"operacyjnego."
# type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <p>
msgid ""
"Even games are included in the task list—and have been since the "
"beginning. Unix included games, so naturally GNU should too. But "
@@ -1277,6 +1379,7 @@
"mogÅyby siÄ spodobaÄ."
# type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <p>
msgid ""
"(1) That was written in 1998. In 2009 we no longer maintain a long task "
"list. The community develops free software so fast that we can't even keep "
@@ -1290,10 +1393,12 @@
"Jest to krótsza lista projektów, na których nam zależy."
# type: Content of: <h3>
+#. type: Content of: <h3>
msgid "The GNU Library GPL"
msgstr "GNU GPL Bibliotek (The GNU Library GPL)"
# type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <p>
msgid ""
"The GNU C library uses a special kind of copyleft called the GNU Library "
"General Public License(1), which gives permission to link proprietary "
@@ -1305,6 +1410,7 @@
"zastrzeżonego z tÄ
bibliotekÄ
. Czemu sÅuży to odstÄpstwo
od reguÅy?"
# type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <p>
msgid ""
"It is not a matter of principle; there is no principle that says proprietary "
"software products are entitled to include our code. (Why contribute to a "
@@ -1318,6 +1424,7 @@
"każdej innej biblioteki, jest kwestiÄ
strategii."
# type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <p>
msgid ""
"The C library does a generic job; every proprietary system or compiler comes "
"with a C library. Therefore, to make our C library available only to free "
@@ -1331,6 +1438,7 @@
"innych do korzystania z naszej biblioteki."
# type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <p>
msgid ""
"One system is an exception to this: on the GNU system (and this includes GNU/"
"Linux), the GNU C library is the only C library. So the distribution terms "
@@ -1353,6 +1461,7 @@
"strategiÄ."
# type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <p>
msgid ""
"For other libraries, the strategic decision needs to be considered on a case-"
"by-case basis. When a library does a special job that can help write "
@@ -1368,6 +1477,7 @@
"przewagÄ wobec oprogramowania prawnie zastrzeżonego."
# type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <p>
msgid ""
"Consider GNU Readline, a library that was developed to provide command-line "
"editing for BASH. Readline is released under the ordinary GNU GPL, not the "
@@ -1385,6 +1495,7 @@
"to jest wymierny zysk dla spoÅecznoÅci."
# type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <p>
msgid ""
"Proprietary software developers have the advantages money provides; free "
"software developers need to make advantages for each other. I hope some day "
@@ -1402,10 +1513,17 @@
"dajÄ
cymi znaczne korzyÅci w dalszym rozwoju wolnego oprogramowania."
# type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "(1) This license is now called the GNU Lesser General Public License, to "
+#| "avoid giving the idea that all libraries ought to use it. <a href=\"/"
+#| "philosophy/why-not-lgpl.html\"></a>."
msgid ""
"(1) This license is now called the GNU Lesser General Public License, to "
-"avoid giving the idea that all libraries ought to use it. <a href=\"/"
-"philosophy/why-not-lgpl.html\"></a>."
+"avoid giving the idea that all libraries ought to use it. See <a href=\"/"
+"philosophy/why-not-lgpl.html\">Why you shouldn't use the Lesser GPL for your "
+"next library</a> for more information."
msgstr ""
"(1) Licencja ta nazywa siÄ obecnie GNU Lesser General Public License, "
"Mniejsza Powszechna Licencja GNU, żeby nie podsuwaÅa sugestii, że "
@@ -1414,10 +1532,12 @@
"stosowaÄ Library GPL dla kolejnej biblioteki</a>”."
# type: Content of: <h3>
+#. type: Content of: <h3>
msgid "Scratching an itch?"
msgstr "CzuÅy punkt?"
# type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <p>
msgid ""
"Eric Raymond says that “Every good work of software starts by "
"scratching a developer's personal itch.” Maybe that happens sometimes, "
@@ -1433,6 +1553,7 @@
"twórczym impulsie."
# type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <p>
msgid ""
"For example, we developed the GNU C library because a Unix-like system needs "
"a C library, BASH because a Unix-like system needs a shell, and GNU tar "
@@ -1446,6 +1567,7 @@
"Emacsa, GDB i GNU Make."
# type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <p>
msgid ""
"Some GNU programs were developed to cope with specific threats to our "
"freedom. Thus, we developed gzip to replace the Compress program, which had "
@@ -1470,6 +1592,7 @@
"prywatnoÅciÄ
."
# type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <p>
msgid ""
"Of course, the people writing these programs became interested in the work, "
"and many features were added to them by various people for the sake of their "
@@ -1480,10 +1603,12 @@
"interesy. Ale to nie jest powodem, dla którego programy te powstaÅy."
# type: Content of: <h3>
+#. type: Content of: <h3>
msgid "Unexpected developments"
msgstr "Nieoczekiwany rozwój"
# type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <p>
msgid ""
"At the beginning of the GNU Project, I imagined that we would develop the "
"whole GNU system, then release it as a whole. That is not how it happened."
@@ -1493,6 +1618,7 @@
"jednak nie staÅo."
# type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <p>
msgid ""
"Since each component of the GNU system was implemented on a Unix system, "
"each component could run on Unix systems long before a complete GNU system "
@@ -1508,6 +1634,7 @@
"czasem także na inne systemy."
# type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <p>
msgid ""
"The process made these programs much more powerful, and attracted both funds "
"and contributors to the GNU Project. But it probably also delayed "
@@ -1525,10 +1652,12 @@
"jednego po drugim, kolejnych brakujÄ
cych elementów."
# type: Content of: <h3>
+#. type: Content of: <h3>
msgid "The GNU Hurd"
msgstr "GNU Hurd"
# type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <p>
msgid ""
"By 1990, the GNU system was almost complete; the only major missing "
"component was the kernel. We had decided to implement our kernel as a "
@@ -1549,6 +1678,7 @@
"czekaliÅmy na obiecanÄ
publikacjÄ Macha jako wolnego oprogramowania."
# type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <p>
msgid ""
"One reason for choosing this design was to avoid what seemed to be the "
"hardest part of the job: debugging a kernel program without a source-level "
@@ -1569,10 +1699,12 @@
"przeciÄ
gnÄÅo siÄ o wiele lat."
# type: Content of: <h3>
+#. type: Content of: <h3>
msgid "Alix"
msgstr "Alix"
# type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <p>
msgid ""
"The GNU kernel was not originally supposed to be called the Hurd. Its "
"original name was Alix—named after the woman who was my sweetheart at "
@@ -1590,6 +1722,7 @@
"postanowiÅem zrobiÄ jej niespodziankÄ nazywajÄ
c jÄ
dro Alix."
# type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <p>
msgid ""
"It did not stay that way. Michael (now Thomas) Bushnell, the main developer "
"of the kernel, preferred the name Hurd, and redefined Alix to refer to a "
@@ -1603,6 +1736,7 @@
"do serwerów HURD-a."
# type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <p>
msgid ""
"Later, Alix and I broke up, and she changed her name; independently, the "
"Hurd design was changed so that the C library would send messages directly "
@@ -1614,6 +1748,7 @@
"element Alix zbÄdnym."
# type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <p>
msgid ""
"But before these things happened, a friend of hers came across the name Alix "
"in the Hurd source code, and mentioned it to her. So she did have the "
@@ -1624,10 +1759,12 @@
"że nazwa ta speÅniÅa swojÄ
rolÄ."
# type: Content of: <h3>
+#. type: Content of: <h3>
msgid "Linux and GNU/Linux"
msgstr "Linux i GNU/Linux"
# type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <p>
msgid ""
"The GNU Hurd is not suitable for production use, and we don't know if it "
"ever will be. The capability-based design has problems that result directly "
@@ -1639,6 +1776,7 @@
"Nie wiemy czy istniejÄ
rozwiÄ
zania tych problemów."
# type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <p>
msgid ""
"Fortunately, another kernel is available. In 1991, Linus Torvalds developed "
"a Unix-compatible kernel and called it Linux. In 1992, he made Linux free "
@@ -1655,6 +1793,7 @@
"możemy już teraz korzystaÄ z systemu GNU."
# type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <p>
msgid ""
"We call this system version GNU/Linux, to express its composition as a "
"combination of the GNU system with Linux as the kernel."
@@ -1663,10 +1802,12 @@
"GNU z Linuksem w roli jÄ
dra."
# type: Content of: <h3>
+#. type: Content of: <h3>
msgid "Challenges in our future"
msgstr "Wyzwania w naszej przyszÅoÅci"
# type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <p>
msgid ""
"We have proved our ability to develop a broad spectrum of free software. "
"This does not mean we are invincible and unstoppable. Several challenges "
@@ -1684,14 +1825,17 @@
"sobie odebraÄ."
# type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <p>
msgid "The following four sections discuss these challenges."
msgstr "NastÄpne cztery rozdziaÅy omawiajÄ
te zagrożenia."
# type: Content of: <h3>
+#. type: Content of: <h3>
msgid "Secret hardware"
msgstr "Tajemnice sprzÄtu"
# type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <p>
msgid ""
"Hardware manufacturers increasingly tend to keep hardware specifications "
"secret. This makes it difficult to write free drivers so that Linux and "
@@ -1705,6 +1849,7 @@
"przyszÅoÅci, jeÅli nie bÄdÄ
obsÅugiwaÄ komputerów jutra."
# type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <p>
msgid ""
"There are two ways to cope with this problem. Programmers can do reverse "
"engineering to figure out how to support the hardware. The rest of us can "
@@ -1718,6 +1863,7 @@
"specyfikacji w tajemnicy stanie siÄ politykÄ
samobójczÄ
."
# type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <p>
msgid ""
"Reverse engineering is a big job; will we have programmers with sufficient "
"determination to undertake it? Yes—if we have built up a strong "
@@ -1735,6 +1881,7 @@
"żeby byÄ wolnym bÄdzie powszechna."
# type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <p>
msgid ""
"(2008 note: this issue extends to the BIOS as well. There is a free BIOS, "
"coreboot; the problem is getting specs for machines so that coreboot can "
@@ -1745,10 +1892,12 @@
"je wspieraÄ.)"
# type: Content of: <h3>
+#. type: Content of: <h3>
msgid "Nonfree libraries"
msgstr "Nie-wolne biblioteki"
# type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <p>
msgid ""
"A nonfree library that runs on free operating systems acts as a trap for "
"free software developers. The library's attractive features are the bait; "
@@ -1769,6 +1918,7 @@
"podejrzewajÄ
cych programistów, jeÅli stanie siÄ popularny."
# type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <p>
msgid ""
"The first instance of this problem was the Motif toolkit, back in the 80s. "
"Although there were as yet no free operating systems, it was clear what "
@@ -1792,6 +1942,7 @@
"korzystajÄ
cych ze skÅadników Motifa."
# type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <p>
msgid ""
"Between 1996 and 1998, another nonfree <acronym title=\"Graphical User "
"Interface\">GUI</acronym> toolkit library, called Qt, was used in a "
@@ -1805,6 +1956,7 @@
"Qt."
# type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <p>
msgid ""
"Free GNU/Linux systems were unable to use KDE, because we could not use the "
"library. However, some commercial distributors of GNU/Linux systems who "
@@ -1824,6 +1976,7 @@
"zostaÅy uÅwiadomione, że z tym problem. Sytuacja wydawaÅa siÄ
ponura."
# type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <p>
msgid ""
"The free software community responded to the problem in two ways: GNOME and "
"Harmony."
@@ -1832,6 +1985,7 @@
"dwa sposoby: tworzÄ
c GNOME i Harmony."
# type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <p>
msgid ""
"GNOME, the GNU Network Object Model Environment, is GNU's desktop project. "
"Started in 1997 by Miguel de Icaza, and developed with the support of Red "
@@ -1850,6 +2004,7 @@
"korzystania z niewolnego oprogramowania."
# type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <p>
msgid ""
"Harmony is a compatible replacement library, designed to make it possible to "
"run KDE software without using Qt."
@@ -1858,6 +2013,7 @@
"siÄ uruchamiaÄ oprogramowanie KDE bez korzystania z Qt."
# type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <p>
msgid ""
"In November 1998, the developers of Qt announced a change of license which, "
"when carried out, should make Qt free software. There is no way to be sure, "
@@ -1873,6 +2029,7 @@
"i niesprawiedliwa, dlatego rozsÄ
dne jest dalsze unikanie Qt.)"
# type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <p>
msgid ""
"[Subsequent note: in September 2000, Qt was rereleased under the GNU GPL, "
"which essentially solved this problem.]"
@@ -1881,6 +2038,7 @@
"GNU GPL, co zasadniczo rozwiÄ
zaÅo ten problem.]"
# type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <p>
msgid ""
"How will we respond to the next tempting nonfree library? Will the whole "
"community understand the need to stay out of the trap? Or will many of us "
@@ -1894,10 +2052,12 @@
"naszej filozofii."
# type: Content of: <h3>
+#. type: Content of: <h3>
msgid "Software patents"
msgstr "Patenty na oprogramowanie"
# type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <p>
msgid ""
"The worst threat we face comes from software patents, which can put "
"algorithms and features off limits to free software for up to twenty years. "
@@ -1920,6 +2080,7 @@
"naruszenie patentu."
# type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <p>
msgid ""
"There are ways to cope with patents: we can search for evidence that a "
"patent is invalid, and we can look for alternative ways to do a job. But "
@@ -1935,6 +2096,7 @@
"zdarzy?"
# type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <p>
msgid ""
"Those of us who value free software for freedom's sake will stay with free "
"software anyway. We will manage to get work done without the patented "
@@ -1956,10 +2118,12 @@
"na tym zatrzymaÄ. Musimy rozmawiaÄ o wolnoÅci i zasadach."
# type: Content of: <h3>
+#. type: Content of: <h3>
msgid "Free documentation"
msgstr "Wolna dokumentacja"
# type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <p>
msgid ""
"The biggest deficiency in our free operating systems is not in the "
"software—it is the lack of good free manuals that we can include in "
@@ -1975,6 +2139,7 @@
"poważna luka. Mamy dziŠwiele takich luk."
# type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <p>
msgid ""
"Free documentation, like free software, is a matter of freedom, not price. "
"The criterion for a free manual is pretty much the same as for free "
@@ -1990,6 +2155,7 @@
"papierze, tak żeby każdej kopii programu mógÅ towarzyszyÄ podrÄcznik."
# type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <p>
msgid ""
"Permission for modification is crucial too. As a general rule, I don't "
"believe that it is essential for people to have permission to modify all "
@@ -2004,6 +2170,7 @@
"takich jak ten, który opisuje nasze dziaÅania i nasze poglÄ
dy."
# type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <p>
msgid ""
"But there is a particular reason why the freedom to modify is crucial for "
"documentation for free software. When people exercise their right to modify "
@@ -2023,6 +2190,7 @@
"spoÅecznoÅci."
# type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <p>
msgid ""
"Some kinds of limits on how modifications are done pose no problem. For "
"example, requirements to preserve the original author's copyright notice, "
@@ -2048,6 +2216,7 @@
"wolnego oprogramowania w peÅnym wykorzystaniu podrÄcznika."
# type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <p>
msgid ""
"However, it must be possible to modify all the <em>technical</em> content of "
"the manual, and then distribute the result in all the usual media, through "
@@ -2061,6 +2230,7 @@
"wolny, a my bÄdziemy potrzebowaÄ innego."
# type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <p>
msgid ""
"Will free software developers have the awareness and determination to "
"produce a full spectrum of free manuals? Once again, our future depends on "
@@ -2071,10 +2241,12 @@
"nasza przyszÅoÅÄ zależy od naszej filozofii."
# type: Content of: <h3>
+#. type: Content of: <h3>
msgid "We must talk about freedom"
msgstr "Musimy mówiÄ o wolnoÅci"
# type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <p>
msgid ""
"Estimates today are that there are ten million users of GNU/Linux systems "
"such as Debian GNU/Linux and Red Hat “Linux”. Free software has "
@@ -2087,6 +2259,7 @@
"zwracajÄ
siÄ ku niemu z powodów czysto praktycznych."
# type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <p>
msgid ""
"The good consequences of this are evident: more interest in developing free "
"software, more customers for free software businesses, and more ability to "
@@ -2100,6 +2273,7 @@
"produktów informatycznych."
# type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <p>
msgid ""
"But interest in the software is growing faster than awareness of the "
"philosophy it is based on, and this leads to trouble. Our ability to meet "
@@ -2116,6 +2290,7 @@
"spoÅecznoÅci."
# type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <p>
msgid ""
"But we are failing to do so: the efforts to attract new users into our "
"community are far outstripping the efforts to teach them the civics of our "
@@ -2128,10 +2303,12 @@
"drugie. Musimy utrzymywaÄ te wysiÅki w równowadze."
# type: Content of: <h3>
+#. type: Content of: <h3>
msgid "“Open Source”"
msgstr "„Open Source”"
# type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <p>
msgid ""
"Teaching new users about freedom became more difficult in 1998, when a part "
"of the community decided to stop using the term “free software” "
@@ -2143,6 +2320,7 @@
"źródÅo” [Open source]."
# type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <p>
msgid ""
"Some who favored this term aimed to avoid the confusion of “"
"free” with “gratis”—a valid goal. Others, however, "
@@ -2165,6 +2343,7 @@
"omija idee wolnoÅci, spoÅecznoÅci i zasad."
# type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <p>
msgid ""
"The “Linux” magazines are a clear example of this—they are "
"filled with advertisements for proprietary software that works with GNU/"
@@ -2178,6 +2357,7 @@
"nich z daleka, czy też raczej zamieszczÄ
ich reklamy?"
# type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <p>
msgid ""
"The support of business can contribute to the community in many ways; all "
"else being equal, it is useful. But winning their support by speaking even "
@@ -2191,6 +2371,7 @@
"rozpowszechnieniem a obywatelskÄ
edukacjÄ
."
# type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <p>
msgid ""
"“Free software” and “open source” describe the same "
"category of software, more or less, but say different things about the "
@@ -2206,10 +2387,12 @@
"istotna."
# type: Content of: <h3>
+#. type: Content of: <h3>
msgid "Try!"
msgstr "Spróbuj!"
# type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <p>
msgid ""
"Yoda's aphorism (“There is no ‘try’”) sounds neat, "
"but it doesn't work for me. I have done most of my work while anxious about "
@@ -2226,6 +2409,7 @@
"zaskakujÄ
ce dla mnie samego, czasem udawaÅo mi siÄ wygraÄ."
# type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <p>
msgid ""
"Sometimes I failed; some of my cities have fallen. Then I found another "
"threatened city, and got ready for another battle. Over time, I've learned "
@@ -2239,6 +2423,7 @@
"wsparli."
# type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <p>
msgid ""
"Nowadays, often I'm not the only one. It is a relief and a joy when I see a "
"regiment of hackers digging in to hold the line, and I realize, this city "
@@ -2257,16 +2442,43 @@
# type: Content of: <div>
#. TRANSLATORS: Use space (SPC) as msgstr if you don't have notes.
+#. type: Content of: <div>
msgid "*GNUN-SLOT: TRANSLATOR'S NOTES*"
msgstr " "
# type: Content of: <div><p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "Please send FSF & GNU inquiries to <a
href=\"mailto:address@hidden";><"
+#| "address@hidden></a>. There are also <a href=\"/contact/\">other ways
to "
+#| "contact</a> the FSF. <br /> Please send broken links and other "
+#| "corrections or suggestions to <a href=\"mailto:address@hidden";><"
+#| "address@hidden></a>."
msgid ""
"Please send FSF & GNU inquiries to <a href=\"mailto:address@hidden";><"
"address@hidden></a>. There are also <a href=\"/contact/\">other ways to "
-"contact</a> the FSF. <br /> Please send broken links and other corrections "
-"or suggestions to <a href=\"mailto:address@hidden";><address@hidden"
-"org></a>."
+"contact</a> the FSF."
+msgstr ""
+"Pytania dotyczÄ
ce GNU i FSF prosimy kierowaÄ na adres <a href="
+"\"mailto:address@hidden";><address@hidden></a>. IstniejÄ
także <a
href=\"/"
+"contact/contact.html\">inne sposoby skontaktowania siÄ</a> z FSF. <br /"
+"> Informacje o niedziaÅajÄ
cych odnoÅnikach oraz inne poprawki
(lub "
+"propozycje) prosimy wysyÅaÄ na adres <a href=\"mailto:web-";
+"address@hidden"><address@hidden></a>."
+
+# type: Content of: <div><p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "Please send FSF & GNU inquiries to <a
href=\"mailto:address@hidden";><"
+#| "address@hidden></a>. There are also <a href=\"/contact/\">other ways
to "
+#| "contact</a> the FSF. <br /> Please send broken links and other "
+#| "corrections or suggestions to <a href=\"mailto:address@hidden";><"
+#| "address@hidden></a>."
+msgid ""
+"Please send broken links and other corrections or suggestions to <a href="
+"\"mailto:address@hidden";><address@hidden></a>."
msgstr ""
"Pytania dotyczÄ
ce GNU i FSF prosimy kierowaÄ na adres <a href="
"\"mailto:address@hidden";><address@hidden></a>. IstniejÄ
także <a
href=\"/"
@@ -2276,6 +2488,7 @@
"address@hidden"><address@hidden></a>."
# type: Content of: <div><p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"Please see the <a href=\"/server/standards/README.translations.html"
"\">Translations README</a> for information on coordinating and submitting "
@@ -2288,11 +2501,23 @@
"tÅumaczeniu prosimy kierowaÄ na adres <a href=\"mailto:address@hidden";
"org\"><address@hidden></a>."
-# type: Content of: <div><p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"Copyright © 1998, 2001, 2002, 2005, 2006, 2007, 2008, 2010 Richard "
-"Stallman <br /> Verbatim copying and distribution of this entire article is "
-"permitted in any medium without royalty provided this notice is preserved."
+"Stallman"
+msgstr ""
+
+# type: Content of: <div><p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "Copyright © 1998, 2001, 2002, 2005, 2006, 2007, 2008, 2010 Richard "
+#| "Stallman <br /> Verbatim copying and distribution of this entire article "
+#| "is permitted in any medium without royalty provided this notice is "
+#| "preserved."
+msgid ""
+"Verbatim copying and distribution of this entire article is permitted in any "
+"medium without royalty provided this notice is preserved."
msgstr ""
"Copyright © 1998, 2001, 2002, 2005, 2006, 2007, 2008, 2010 Richard "
"Stallman <br /> Verbatim copying and distribution of this entire article is "
@@ -2303,6 +2528,7 @@
# type: Content of: <div><div>
#. TRANSLATORS: Use space (SPC) as msgstr if you don't want credits.
+#. type: Content of: <div><div>
msgid "*GNUN-SLOT: TRANSLATOR'S CREDITS*"
msgstr ""
"TÅumaczenie: Jaroslaw Lipszyc 2005, Jan Owoc 2011; poprawki: Wojciech "
@@ -2310,9 +2536,19 @@
# type: Content of: <div><p>
#. timestamp start
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid "Updated:"
msgstr "Aktualizowane:"
# type: Content of: <div><h4>
+#. type: Content of: <div><h4>
msgid "Translations of this page"
msgstr "TÅumaczenia tej strony"
+
+# type: Content of: <blockquote><p>
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "If I am not for myself, who will be for me?<br /> If I am only for "
+#~ "myself, what am I?<br /> If not now, when?"
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "JeÅli nie jestem dla siebie, kto bÄdzie dla mnie?<br /> JeÅli jestem "
+#~ "tylko dla siebie, to czym jestem?<br /> JeÅli nie teraz, to kiedy?"
Index: gnu/po/thegnuproject.pot
===================================================================
RCS file: /web/www/www/gnu/po/thegnuproject.pot,v
retrieving revision 1.10
retrieving revision 1.11
diff -u -b -r1.10 -r1.11
--- gnu/po/thegnuproject.pot 13 Nov 2010 01:28:46 -0000 1.10
+++ gnu/po/thegnuproject.pot 9 Jul 2011 16:28:44 -0000 1.11
@@ -7,7 +7,7 @@
msgid ""
msgstr ""
"Project-Id-Version: PACKAGE VERSION\n"
-"POT-Creation-Date: 2010-11-12 20:27-0500\n"
+"POT-Creation-Date: 2011-07-09 12:28-0300\n"
"PO-Revision-Date: YEAR-MO-DA HO:MI+ZONE\n"
"Last-Translator: FULL NAME <address@hidden>\n"
"Language-Team: LANGUAGE <address@hidden>\n"
@@ -15,33 +15,33 @@
"Content-Type: text/plain; charset=CHARSET\n"
"Content-Transfer-Encoding: ENCODING"
-# type: Content of: <title>
+#. type: Content of: <title>
msgid "About the GNU Project - GNU Project - Free Software Foundation (FSF)"
msgstr ""
-# type: Attribute 'content' of: <meta>
+#. type: Attribute 'content' of: <meta>
msgid "GNU, GNU Project, FSF, Free Software, Free Software Foundation, History"
msgstr ""
-# type: Content of: <h2>
+#. type: Content of: <h2>
msgid "The GNU Project"
msgstr ""
-# type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <p>
msgid ""
"by <a href=\"http://www.stallman.org/\";><strong>Richard "
"Stallman</strong></a>"
msgstr ""
-# type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <p>
msgid "the original version was published in the book “Open
Sources”"
msgstr ""
-# type: Content of: <h3>
+#. type: Content of: <h3>
msgid "The first software-sharing community"
msgstr ""
-# type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <p>
msgid ""
"When I started working at the <acronym title=\"Massachusetts Institute of "
"Technology\">MIT</acronym> Artificial Intelligence Lab in 1971, I became "
@@ -51,7 +51,7 @@
"did it more than most."
msgstr ""
-# type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <p>
msgid ""
"The AI Lab used a timesharing operating system called <acronym "
"title=\"Incompatible Timesharing System\">ITS</acronym> (the Incompatible "
@@ -62,7 +62,7 @@
"improve this system."
msgstr ""
-# type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <p>
msgid ""
"We did not call our software “free software”, because that term "
"did not yet exist; but that is what it was. Whenever people from another "
@@ -72,7 +72,7 @@
"it, or cannibalize parts of it to make a new program."
msgstr ""
-# type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <p>
msgid ""
"(1) The use of “hacker” to mean “security breaker” "
"is a confusion on the part of the mass media. We hackers refuse to "
@@ -82,11 +82,11 @@
"href=\"http://stallman.org/articles/on-hacking.html\";>On Hacking</a>."
msgstr ""
-# type: Content of: <h3>
+#. type: Content of: <h3>
msgid "The collapse of the community"
msgstr ""
-# type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <p>
msgid ""
"The situation changed drastically in the early 1980s when Digital "
"discontinued the PDP-10 series. Its architecture, elegant and powerful in "
@@ -95,7 +95,7 @@
"composing ITS were obsolete."
msgstr ""
-# type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <p>
msgid ""
"The AI Lab hacker community had already collapsed, not long before. In "
"1981, the spin-off company Symbolics had hired away nearly all of the "
@@ -106,14 +106,14 @@
"Digital's nonfree timesharing system instead of ITS."
msgstr ""
-# type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <p>
msgid ""
"The modern computers of the era, such as the VAX or the 68020, had their own "
"operating systems, but none of them were free software: you had to sign a "
"nondisclosure agreement even to get an executable copy."
msgstr ""
-# type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <p>
msgid ""
"This meant that the first step in using a computer was to promise not to "
"help your neighbor. A cooperating community was forbidden. The rule made "
@@ -122,7 +122,7 @@
"them.”"
msgstr ""
-# type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <p>
msgid ""
"The idea that the proprietary software social system—the system that "
"says you are not allowed to share or change software—is antisocial, "
@@ -135,7 +135,7 @@
"one way to look at the issue."
msgstr ""
-# type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <p>
msgid ""
"When software publishers talk about “enforcing” their "
"“rights” or “stopping <a "
@@ -145,7 +145,7 @@
"to accept without examination. Let's therefore examine them."
msgstr ""
-# type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <p>
msgid ""
"One assumption is that software companies have an unquestionable natural "
"right to own software and thus have power over all its users. (If this were "
@@ -155,14 +155,14 @@
"government-imposed monopoly that limits the users' natural right to copy."
msgstr ""
-# type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <p>
msgid ""
"Another unstated assumption is that the only important thing about software "
"is what jobs it allows you to do—that we computer users should not "
"care what kind of society we are allowed to have."
msgstr ""
-# type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <p>
msgid ""
"A third assumption is that we would have no usable software (or would never "
"have a program to do this or that particular job) if we did not offer a "
@@ -171,7 +171,7 @@
"make plenty of useful software without putting chains on it."
msgstr ""
-# type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <p>
msgid ""
"If we decline to accept these assumptions, and judge these issues based on "
"ordinary commonsense morality while placing the users first, we arrive at "
@@ -180,7 +180,7 @@
"other people is the basis of society."
msgstr ""
-# type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <p>
msgid ""
"There is no room here for an extensive statement of the reasoning behind "
"this conclusion, so I refer the reader to the web page, <a "
@@ -188,17 +188,17 @@
"http://www.gnu.org/philosophy/why-free.html</a>."
msgstr ""
-# type: Content of: <h3>
+#. type: Content of: <h3>
msgid "A stark moral choice."
msgstr ""
-# type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <p>
msgid ""
"With my community gone, to continue as before was impossible. Instead, I "
"faced a stark moral choice."
msgstr ""
-# type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <p>
msgid ""
"The easy choice was to join the proprietary software world, signing "
"nondisclosure agreements and promising not to help my fellow hacker. Most "
@@ -207,7 +207,7 @@
"betray their fellows too."
msgstr ""
-# type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <p>
msgid ""
"I could have made money this way, and perhaps amused myself writing code. "
"But I knew that at the end of my career, I would look back on years of "
@@ -215,7 +215,7 @@
"world a worse place."
msgstr ""
-# type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <p>
msgid ""
"I had already experienced being on the receiving end of a nondisclosure "
"agreement, when someone refused to give me and the MIT AI Lab the source "
@@ -226,7 +226,7 @@
"same thing to everyone else."
msgstr ""
-# type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <p>
msgid ""
"Another choice, straightforward but unpleasant, was to leave the computer "
"field. That way my skills would not be misused, but they would still be "
@@ -234,14 +234,14 @@
"users, but it would happen nonetheless."
msgstr ""
-# type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <p>
msgid ""
"So I looked for a way that a programmer could do something for the good. I "
"asked myself, was there a program or programs that I could write, so as to "
"make a community possible once again?"
msgstr ""
-# type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <p>
msgid ""
"The answer was clear: what was needed first was an operating system. That "
"is the crucial software for starting to use a computer. With an operating "
@@ -252,7 +252,7 @@
"her friends."
msgstr ""
-# type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <p>
msgid ""
"As an operating system developer, I had the right skills for this job. So "
"even though I could not take success for granted, I realized that I was "
@@ -262,7 +262,7 @@
"acronym for “GNU's Not Unix.”"
msgstr ""
-# type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <p>
msgid ""
"An operating system does not mean just a kernel, barely enough to run other "
"programs. In the 1970s, every operating system worthy of the name included "
@@ -271,46 +271,52 @@
"them, and Unix had them. The GNU operating system would include them too."
msgstr ""
-# type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <p>
msgid "Later I heard these words, attributed to Hillel (1):"
msgstr ""
-# type: Content of: <blockquote><p>
-msgid ""
-"If I am not for myself, who will be for me?<br /> If I am only for myself, "
-"what am I?<br /> If not now, when?"
+#. type: Content of: <blockquote><p>
+msgid "If I am not for myself, who will be for me?"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <blockquote><p>
+msgid "If I am only for myself, what am I?"
msgstr ""
-# type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <blockquote><p>
+msgid "If not now, when?"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
msgid "The decision to start the GNU Project was based on a similar spirit."
msgstr ""
-# type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <p>
msgid ""
"(1) As an Atheist, I don't follow any religious leaders, but I sometimes "
"find I admire something one of them has said."
msgstr ""
-# type: Content of: <h3>
+#. type: Content of: <h3>
msgid "Free as in freedom"
msgstr ""
-# type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <p>
msgid ""
"The term “free software” is sometimes misunderstood—it has "
"nothing to do with price. It is about freedom. Here, therefore, is the "
"definition of free software."
msgstr ""
-# type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <p>
msgid "A program is free software, for you, a particular user, if:"
msgstr ""
-# type: Content of: <ul><li>
+#. type: Content of: <ul><li>
msgid "You have the freedom to run the program as you wish, for any purpose."
msgstr ""
-# type: Content of: <ul><li>
+#. type: Content of: <ul><li>
msgid ""
"You have the freedom to modify the program to suit your needs. (To make "
"this freedom effective in practice, you must have access to the source code, "
@@ -318,17 +324,17 @@
"exceedingly difficult.)"
msgstr ""
-# type: Content of: <ul><li>
+#. type: Content of: <ul><li>
msgid "You have the freedom to redistribute copies, either gratis or for a
fee."
msgstr ""
-# type: Content of: <ul><li>
+#. type: Content of: <ul><li>
msgid ""
"You have the freedom to distribute modified versions of the program, so that "
"the community can benefit from your improvements."
msgstr ""
-# type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <p>
msgid ""
"Since “free” refers to freedom, not to price, there is no "
"contradiction between selling copies and free software. In fact, the "
@@ -339,7 +345,7 @@
"software."
msgstr ""
-# type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <p>
msgid ""
"Because of the ambiguity of “free”, people have long looked for "
"alternatives, but no one has found a better term. The English language has "
@@ -351,11 +357,11 @@
"or some other disadvantage."
msgstr ""
-# type: Content of: <h3>
+#. type: Content of: <h3>
msgid "GNU software and the GNU system"
msgstr ""
-# type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <p>
msgid ""
"Developing a whole system is a very large project. To bring it into reach, "
"I decided to adapt and use existing pieces of free software wherever that "
@@ -364,7 +370,7 @@
"Window System rather than writing another window system for GNU."
msgstr ""
-# type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <p>
msgid ""
"Because of this decision, the GNU system is not the same as the collection "
"of all GNU software. The GNU system includes programs that are not GNU "
@@ -372,11 +378,11 @@
"their own purposes, but which we can use because they are free software."
msgstr ""
-# type: Content of: <h3>
+#. type: Content of: <h3>
msgid "Commencing the project"
msgstr ""
-# type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <p>
msgid ""
"In January 1984 I quit my job at MIT and began writing GNU software. "
"Leaving MIT was necessary so that MIT would not be able to interfere with "
@@ -388,17 +394,17 @@
"community."
msgstr ""
-# type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <p>
msgid ""
"However, Professor Winston, then the head of the MIT AI Lab, kindly invited "
"me to keep using the lab's facilities."
msgstr ""
-# type: Content of: <h3>
+#. type: Content of: <h3>
msgid "The first steps"
msgstr ""
-# type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <p>
msgid ""
"Shortly before beginning the GNU Project, I heard about the Free University "
"Compiler Kit, also known as VUCK. (The Dutch word for “free” is "
@@ -407,14 +413,14 @@
"I wrote to its author asking if GNU could use it."
msgstr ""
-# type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <p>
msgid ""
"He responded derisively, stating that the university was free but the "
"compiler was not. I therefore decided that my first program for the GNU "
"Project would be a multilanguage, multiplatform compiler."
msgstr ""
-# type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <p>
msgid ""
"Hoping to avoid the need to write the whole compiler myself, I obtained the "
"source code for the Pastel compiler, which was a multiplatform compiler "
@@ -426,7 +432,7 @@
"allow 64k."
msgstr ""
-# type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <p>
msgid ""
"I then realized that the Pastel compiler functioned by parsing the entire "
"input file into a syntax tree, converting the whole syntax tree into a chain "
@@ -438,11 +444,11 @@
"I had written. But that was some years later; first, I worked on GNU Emacs."
msgstr ""
-# type: Content of: <h3>
+#. type: Content of: <h3>
msgid "GNU Emacs"
msgstr ""
-# type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <p>
msgid ""
"I began work on GNU Emacs in September 1984, and in early 1985 it was "
"beginning to be usable. This enabled me to begin using Unix systems to do "
@@ -450,7 +456,7 @@
"editing on other kinds of machines until then."
msgstr ""
-# type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <p>
msgid ""
"At this point, people began wanting to use GNU Emacs, which raised the "
"question of how to distribute it. Of course, I put it on the anonymous ftp "
@@ -462,7 +468,7 @@
"say to them?"
msgstr ""
-# type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <p>
msgid ""
"I could have said, “Find a friend who is on the net and who will make "
"a copy for you.” Or I could have done what I did with the original "
@@ -475,11 +481,11 @@
"distribute entire Linux-based GNU systems."
msgstr ""
-# type: Content of: <h3>
+#. type: Content of: <h3>
msgid "Is a program free for every user?"
msgstr ""
-# type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <p>
msgid ""
"If a program is free software when it leaves the hands of its author, this "
"does not necessarily mean it will be free software for everyone who has a "
@@ -491,7 +497,7 @@
"proprietary modified versions."
msgstr ""
-# type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <p>
msgid ""
"The paradigmatic example of this problem is the X Window System. Developed "
"at MIT, and released as free software with a permissive license, it was soon "
@@ -500,7 +506,7 @@
"agreement. These copies of X were no more free software than Unix was."
msgstr ""
-# type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <p>
msgid ""
"The developers of the X Window System did not consider this a "
"problem—they expected and intended this to happen. Their goal was not "
@@ -509,7 +515,7 @@
"they should be numerous."
msgstr ""
-# type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <p>
msgid ""
"This led to a paradoxical situation where two different ways of counting the "
"amount of freedom gave different answers to the question, “Is this "
@@ -520,11 +526,11 @@
"the proprietary versions that came with Unix systems, not the free version."
msgstr ""
-# type: Content of: <h3>
+#. type: Content of: <h3>
msgid "Copyleft and the GNU GPL"
msgstr ""
-# type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <p>
msgid ""
"The goal of GNU was to give users freedom, not just to be popular. So we "
"needed to use distribution terms that would prevent GNU software from being "
@@ -532,14 +538,14 @@
"“copyleft”.(1)"
msgstr ""
-# type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <p>
msgid ""
"Copyleft uses copyright law, but flips it over to serve the opposite of its "
"usual purpose: instead of a means for restricting a program, it becomes a "
"means for keeping the program free."
msgstr ""
-# type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <p>
msgid ""
"The central idea of copyleft is that we give everyone permission to run the "
"program, copy the program, modify the program, and distribute modified "
@@ -548,7 +554,7 @@
"to everyone who has a copy; they become inalienable rights."
msgstr ""
-# type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <p>
msgid ""
"For an effective copyleft, modified versions must also be free. This "
"ensures that work based on ours becomes available to our community if it is "
@@ -558,7 +564,7 @@
"them to make our proprietary version of the program.”"
msgstr ""
-# type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <p>
msgid ""
"The requirement that changes must be free is essential if we want to ensure "
"freedom for every user of the program. The companies that privatized the X "
@@ -568,7 +574,7 @@
"freedom, it would be easy for anyone to take advantage of the excuse."
msgstr ""
-# type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <p>
msgid ""
"A related issue concerns combining a free program with nonfree code. Such a "
"combination would inevitably be nonfree; whichever freedoms are lacking for "
@@ -579,7 +585,7 @@
"version is also free and copylefted."
msgstr ""
-# type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <p>
msgid ""
"The specific implementation of copyleft that we use for most GNU software is "
"the GNU General Public License, or GNU GPL for short. We have other kinds "
@@ -588,7 +594,7 @@
"complexity of the GNU GPL is not necessary for manuals.(2)"
msgstr ""
-# type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <p>
msgid ""
"(1) In 1984 or 1985, Don Hopkins (a very imaginative fellow) mailed me a "
"letter. On the envelope he had written several amusing sayings, including "
@@ -597,17 +603,17 @@
"the time."
msgstr ""
-# type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <p>
msgid ""
"(2) We now use the <a href=\"/licenses/fdl.html\">GNU Free Documentation "
"License</a> for documentation."
msgstr ""
-# type: Content of: <h3>
+#. type: Content of: <h3>
msgid "The Free Software Foundation"
msgstr ""
-# type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <p>
msgid ""
"As interest in using Emacs was growing, other people became involved in the "
"GNU project, and we decided that it was time to seek funding once again. So "
@@ -619,7 +625,7 @@
"manuals as well."
msgstr ""
-# type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <p>
msgid ""
"Most of the FSF's income used to come from sales of copies of free software "
"and of other related services (CD-ROMs of source code, CD-ROMs with "
@@ -631,7 +637,7 @@
"join the FSF at <a href=\"http://fsf.org/join\";>fsf.org</a>."
msgstr ""
-# type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <p>
msgid ""
"Free Software Foundation employees have written and maintained a number of "
"GNU software packages. Two notable ones are the C library and the shell. "
@@ -642,31 +648,31 @@
"Again Shell(1), which was developed by FSF employee Brian Fox."
msgstr ""
-# type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <p>
msgid ""
"We funded development of these programs because the GNU Project was not just "
"about tools or a development environment. Our goal was a complete operating "
"system, and these programs were needed for that goal."
msgstr ""
-# type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <p>
msgid ""
"(1) “Bourne Again Shell” is a play on the name “Bourne "
"Shell”, which was the usual shell on Unix."
msgstr ""
-# type: Content of: <h3>
+#. type: Content of: <h3>
msgid "Free software support"
msgstr ""
-# type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <p>
msgid ""
"The free software philosophy rejects a specific widespread business "
"practice, but it is not against business. When businesses respect the "
"users' freedom, we wish them success."
msgstr ""
-# type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <p>
msgid ""
"Selling copies of Emacs demonstrates one kind of free software business. "
"When the FSF took over that business, I needed another way to make a "
@@ -676,7 +682,7 @@
"to new platforms."
msgstr ""
-# type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <p>
msgid ""
"Today each of these kinds of free software business is practiced by a number "
"of corporations. Some distribute free software collections on CD-ROM; "
@@ -685,7 +691,7 @@
"free software companies based on launching new free software products."
msgstr ""
-# type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <p>
msgid ""
"Watch out, though—a number of companies that associate themselves with "
"the term “open source” actually base their business on nonfree "
@@ -697,18 +703,18 @@
"“freedom-subtracted” packages."
msgstr ""
-# type: Content of: <h3>
+#. type: Content of: <h3>
msgid "Technical goals"
msgstr ""
-# type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <p>
msgid ""
"The principal goal of GNU is to be free software. Even if GNU had no "
"technical advantage over Unix, it would have a social advantage, allowing "
"users to cooperate, and an ethical advantage, respecting the user's freedom."
msgstr ""
-# type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <p>
msgid ""
"But it was natural to apply the known standards of good practice to the "
"work—for example, dynamically allocating data structures to avoid "
@@ -716,7 +722,7 @@
"wherever that made sense."
msgstr ""
-# type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <p>
msgid ""
"In addition, we rejected the Unix focus on small memory size, by deciding "
"not to support 16-bit machines (it was clear that 32-bit machines would be "
@@ -727,17 +733,17 @@
"worry about I/O."
msgstr ""
-# type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <p>
msgid ""
"These decisions enabled many GNU programs to surpass their Unix counterparts "
"in reliability and speed."
msgstr ""
-# type: Content of: <h3>
+#. type: Content of: <h3>
msgid "Donated computers"
msgstr ""
-# type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <p>
msgid ""
"As the GNU Project's reputation grew, people began offering to donate "
"machines running Unix to the project. These were very useful, because the "
@@ -746,7 +752,7 @@
"ethical issue: whether it was right for us to have a copy of Unix at all."
msgstr ""
-# type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <p>
msgid ""
"Unix was (and is) proprietary software, and the GNU Project's philosophy "
"said that we should not use proprietary software. But, applying the same "
@@ -756,7 +762,7 @@
"others stop using the proprietary package."
msgstr ""
-# type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <p>
msgid ""
"But, even if this was a justifiable evil, it was still an evil. Today we no "
"longer have any copies of Unix, because we have replaced them with free "
@@ -764,11 +770,11 @@
"with a free one, we replaced the machine instead."
msgstr ""
-# type: Content of: <h3>
+#. type: Content of: <h3>
msgid "The GNU Task List"
msgstr ""
-# type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <p>
msgid ""
"As the GNU Project proceeded, and increasing numbers of system components "
"were found or developed, eventually it became useful to make a list of the "
@@ -779,7 +785,7 @@
"have."
msgstr ""
-# type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <p>
msgid ""
"Today (1), hardly any Unix components are left in the GNU Task "
"List—those jobs had been done, aside from a few inessential ones. But "
@@ -788,7 +794,7 @@
"class of users would be a useful thing to add to an operating system."
msgstr ""
-# type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <p>
msgid ""
"Even games are included in the task list—and have been since the "
"beginning. Unix included games, so naturally GNU should too. But "
@@ -797,7 +803,7 @@
"games that users might like."
msgstr ""
-# type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <p>
msgid ""
"(1) That was written in 1998. In 2009 we no longer maintain a long task "
"list. The community develops free software so fast that we can't even keep "
@@ -805,18 +811,18 @@
"shorter list of projects we really want to encourage people to write."
msgstr ""
-# type: Content of: <h3>
+#. type: Content of: <h3>
msgid "The GNU Library GPL"
msgstr ""
-# type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <p>
msgid ""
"The GNU C library uses a special kind of copyleft called the GNU Library "
"General Public License(1), which gives permission to link proprietary "
"software with the library. Why make this exception?"
msgstr ""
-# type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <p>
msgid ""
"It is not a matter of principle; there is no principle that says proprietary "
"software products are entitled to include our code. (Why contribute to a "
@@ -824,7 +830,7 @@
"library, or for any library, is a matter of strategy."
msgstr ""
-# type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <p>
msgid ""
"The C library does a generic job; every proprietary system or compiler comes "
"with a C library. Therefore, to make our C library available only to free "
@@ -832,7 +838,7 @@
"only have discouraged use of our library."
msgstr ""
-# type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <p>
msgid ""
"One system is an exception to this: on the GNU system (and this includes "
"GNU/Linux), the GNU C library is the only C library. So the distribution "
@@ -844,7 +850,7 @@
"GPL is a good strategy for the C library."
msgstr ""
-# type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <p>
msgid ""
"For other libraries, the strategic decision needs to be considered on a "
"case-by-case basis. When a library does a special job that can help write "
@@ -853,7 +859,7 @@
"giving them an advantage against proprietary software."
msgstr ""
-# type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <p>
msgid ""
"Consider GNU Readline, a library that was developed to provide command-line "
"editing for BASH. Readline is released under the ordinary GNU GPL, not the "
@@ -863,7 +869,7 @@
"gain for the community."
msgstr ""
-# type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <p>
msgid ""
"Proprietary software developers have the advantages money provides; free "
"software developers need to make advantages for each other. I hope some day "
@@ -873,18 +879,19 @@
"advantage for further free software development."
msgstr ""
-# type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <p>
msgid ""
"(1) This license is now called the GNU Lesser General Public License, to "
-"avoid giving the idea that all libraries ought to use it. <a "
-"href=\"/philosophy/why-not-lgpl.html\"></a>."
+"avoid giving the idea that all libraries ought to use it. See <a "
+"href=\"/philosophy/why-not-lgpl.html\">Why you shouldn't use the Lesser GPL "
+"for your next library</a> for more information."
msgstr ""
-# type: Content of: <h3>
+#. type: Content of: <h3>
msgid "Scratching an itch?"
msgstr ""
-# type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <p>
msgid ""
"Eric Raymond says that “Every good work of software starts by "
"scratching a developer's personal itch.” Maybe that happens sometimes, "
@@ -893,7 +900,7 @@
"from impulse."
msgstr ""
-# type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <p>
msgid ""
"For example, we developed the GNU C library because a Unix-like system needs "
"a C library, BASH because a Unix-like system needs a shell, and GNU tar "
@@ -901,7 +908,7 @@
"programs—the GNU C compiler, GNU Emacs, GDB and GNU Make."
msgstr ""
-# type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <p>
msgid ""
"Some GNU programs were developed to cope with specific threats to our "
"freedom. Thus, we developed gzip to replace the Compress program, which had "
@@ -915,24 +922,24 @@
"freedom."
msgstr ""
-# type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <p>
msgid ""
"Of course, the people writing these programs became interested in the work, "
"and many features were added to them by various people for the sake of their "
"own needs and interests. But that is not why the programs exist."
msgstr ""
-# type: Content of: <h3>
+#. type: Content of: <h3>
msgid "Unexpected developments"
msgstr ""
-# type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <p>
msgid ""
"At the beginning of the GNU Project, I imagined that we would develop the "
"whole GNU system, then release it as a whole. That is not how it happened."
msgstr ""
-# type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <p>
msgid ""
"Since each component of the GNU system was implemented on a Unix system, "
"each component could run on Unix systems long before a complete GNU system "
@@ -941,7 +948,7 @@
"and sometimes to other systems as well."
msgstr ""
-# type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <p>
msgid ""
"The process made these programs much more powerful, and attracted both funds "
"and contributors to the GNU Project. But it probably also delayed "
@@ -951,11 +958,11 @@
"after another."
msgstr ""
-# type: Content of: <h3>
+#. type: Content of: <h3>
msgid "The GNU Hurd"
msgstr ""
-# type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <p>
msgid ""
"By 1990, the GNU system was almost complete; the only major missing "
"component was the kernel. We had decided to implement our kernel as a "
@@ -967,7 +974,7 @@
"free software, as had been promised."
msgstr ""
-# type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <p>
msgid ""
"One reason for choosing this design was to avoid what seemed to be the "
"hardest part of the job: debugging a kernel program without a source-level "
@@ -978,11 +985,11 @@
"Making the Hurd work solidly has stretched on for many years."
msgstr ""
-# type: Content of: <h3>
+#. type: Content of: <h3>
msgid "Alix"
msgstr ""
-# type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <p>
msgid ""
"The GNU kernel was not originally supposed to be called the Hurd. Its "
"original name was Alix—named after the woman who was my sweetheart at "
@@ -992,7 +999,7 @@
"said nothing, but decided to surprise her with a kernel named Alix."
msgstr ""
-# type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <p>
msgid ""
"It did not stay that way. Michael (now Thomas) Bushnell, the main developer "
"of the kernel, preferred the name Hurd, and redefined Alix to refer to a "
@@ -1000,32 +1007,32 @@
"handle them by sending messages to Hurd servers."
msgstr ""
-# type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <p>
msgid ""
"Later, Alix and I broke up, and she changed her name; independently, the "
"Hurd design was changed so that the C library would send messages directly "
"to servers, and this made the Alix component disappear from the design."
msgstr ""
-# type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <p>
msgid ""
"But before these things happened, a friend of hers came across the name Alix "
"in the Hurd source code, and mentioned it to her. So she did have the "
"chance to find a kernel named after her."
msgstr ""
-# type: Content of: <h3>
+#. type: Content of: <h3>
msgid "Linux and GNU/Linux"
msgstr ""
-# type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <p>
msgid ""
"The GNU Hurd is not suitable for production use, and we don't know if it "
"ever will be. The capability-based design has problems that result directly "
"from the flexibility of the design, and it is not clear solutions exist."
msgstr ""
-# type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <p>
msgid ""
"Fortunately, another kernel is available. In 1991, Linus Torvalds developed "
"a Unix-compatible kernel and called it Linux. In 1992, he made Linux free "
@@ -1035,17 +1042,17 @@
"of the GNU system today."
msgstr ""
-# type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <p>
msgid ""
"We call this system version GNU/Linux, to express its composition as a "
"combination of the GNU system with Linux as the kernel."
msgstr ""
-# type: Content of: <h3>
+#. type: Content of: <h3>
msgid "Challenges in our future"
msgstr ""
-# type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <p>
msgid ""
"We have proved our ability to develop a broad spectrum of free software. "
"This does not mean we are invincible and unstoppable. Several challenges "
@@ -1055,15 +1062,15 @@
"freedom and will not let anyone take it away."
msgstr ""
-# type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <p>
msgid "The following four sections discuss these challenges."
msgstr ""
-# type: Content of: <h3>
+#. type: Content of: <h3>
msgid "Secret hardware"
msgstr ""
-# type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <p>
msgid ""
"Hardware manufacturers increasingly tend to keep hardware specifications "
"secret. This makes it difficult to write free drivers so that Linux and "
@@ -1071,7 +1078,7 @@
"we will not have them tomorrow if we cannot support tomorrow's computers."
msgstr ""
-# type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <p>
msgid ""
"There are two ways to cope with this problem. Programmers can do reverse "
"engineering to figure out how to support the hardware. The rest of us can "
@@ -1079,7 +1086,7 @@
"increase, secrecy of specifications will become a self-defeating policy."
msgstr ""
-# type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <p>
msgid ""
"Reverse engineering is a big job; will we have programmers with sufficient "
"determination to undertake it? Yes—if we have built up a strong "
@@ -1089,18 +1096,18 @@
"have freedom is widespread."
msgstr ""
-# type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <p>
msgid ""
"(2008 note: this issue extends to the BIOS as well. There is a free BIOS, "
"coreboot; the problem is getting specs for machines so that coreboot can "
"support them.)"
msgstr ""
-# type: Content of: <h3>
+#. type: Content of: <h3>
msgid "Nonfree libraries"
msgstr ""
-# type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <p>
msgid ""
"A nonfree library that runs on free operating systems acts as a trap for "
"free software developers. The library's attractive features are the bait; "
@@ -1111,7 +1118,7 @@
"it can lure other unsuspecting programmers into the trap."
msgstr ""
-# type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <p>
msgid ""
"The first instance of this problem was the Motif toolkit, back in the 80s. "
"Although there were as yet no free operating systems, it was clear what "
@@ -1123,7 +1130,7 @@
"applications only in 1997."
msgstr ""
-# type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <p>
msgid ""
"Between 1996 and 1998, another nonfree <acronym title=\"Graphical User "
"Interface\">GUI</acronym> toolkit library, called Qt, was used in a "
@@ -1131,7 +1138,7 @@
"Desktop Environment\">KDE</acronym>."
msgstr ""
-# type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <p>
msgid ""
"Free GNU/Linux systems were unable to use KDE, because we could not use the "
"library. However, some commercial distributors of GNU/Linux systems who "
@@ -1142,13 +1149,13 @@
"that there was a problem in this. The situation appeared grim."
msgstr ""
-# type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <p>
msgid ""
"The free software community responded to the problem in two ways: GNOME and "
"Harmony."
msgstr ""
-# type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <p>
msgid ""
"GNOME, the GNU Network Object Model Environment, is GNU's desktop project. "
"Started in 1997 by Miguel de Icaza, and developed with the support of Red "
@@ -1158,13 +1165,13 @@
"freedom: not to require the use of any nonfree software."
msgstr ""
-# type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <p>
msgid ""
"Harmony is a compatible replacement library, designed to make it possible to "
"run KDE software without using Qt."
msgstr ""
-# type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <p>
msgid ""
"In November 1998, the developers of Qt announced a change of license which, "
"when carried out, should make Qt free software. There is no way to be sure, "
@@ -1173,13 +1180,13 @@
"and inequitable, so it remains desirable to avoid using Qt.)"
msgstr ""
-# type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <p>
msgid ""
"[Subsequent note: in September 2000, Qt was rereleased under the GNU GPL, "
"which essentially solved this problem.]"
msgstr ""
-# type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <p>
msgid ""
"How will we respond to the next tempting nonfree library? Will the whole "
"community understand the need to stay out of the trap? Or will many of us "
@@ -1187,11 +1194,11 @@
"depends on our philosophy."
msgstr ""
-# type: Content of: <h3>
+#. type: Content of: <h3>
msgid "Software patents"
msgstr ""
-# type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <p>
msgid ""
"The worst threat we face comes from software patents, which can put "
"algorithms and features off limits to free software for up to twenty years. "
@@ -1203,7 +1210,7 @@
"threat of a patent suit."
msgstr ""
-# type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <p>
msgid ""
"There are ways to cope with patents: we can search for evidence that a "
"patent is invalid, and we can look for alternative ways to do a job. But "
@@ -1212,7 +1219,7 @@
"do when this happens?"
msgstr ""
-# type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <p>
msgid ""
"Those of us who value free software for freedom's sake will stay with free "
"software anyway. We will manage to get work done without the patented "
@@ -1224,11 +1231,11 @@
"and principle."
msgstr ""
-# type: Content of: <h3>
+#. type: Content of: <h3>
msgid "Free documentation"
msgstr ""
-# type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <p>
msgid ""
"The biggest deficiency in our free operating systems is not in the "
"software—it is the lack of good free manuals that we can include in "
@@ -1237,7 +1244,7 @@
"manual, that is a major gap. We have many such gaps today."
msgstr ""
-# type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <p>
msgid ""
"Free documentation, like free software, is a matter of freedom, not price. "
"The criterion for a free manual is pretty much the same as for free "
@@ -1246,7 +1253,7 @@
"paper, so that the manual can accompany every copy of the program."
msgstr ""
-# type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <p>
msgid ""
"Permission for modification is crucial too. As a general rule, I don't "
"believe that it is essential for people to have permission to modify all "
@@ -1255,7 +1262,7 @@
"our actions and our views."
msgstr ""
-# type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <p>
msgid ""
"But there is a particular reason why the freedom to modify is crucial for "
"documentation for free software. When people exercise their right to modify "
@@ -1266,7 +1273,7 @@
"community's needs."
msgstr ""
-# type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <p>
msgid ""
"Some kinds of limits on how modifications are done pose no problem. For "
"example, requirements to preserve the original author's copyright notice, "
@@ -1280,7 +1287,7 @@
"the manual."
msgstr ""
-# type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <p>
msgid ""
"However, it must be possible to modify all the <em>technical</em> content of "
"the manual, and then distribute the result in all the usual media, through "
@@ -1288,18 +1295,18 @@
"community, the manual is not free, and we need another manual."
msgstr ""
-# type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <p>
msgid ""
"Will free software developers have the awareness and determination to "
"produce a full spectrum of free manuals? Once again, our future depends on "
"philosophy."
msgstr ""
-# type: Content of: <h3>
+#. type: Content of: <h3>
msgid "We must talk about freedom"
msgstr ""
-# type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <p>
msgid ""
"Estimates today are that there are ten million users of GNU/Linux systems "
"such as Debian GNU/Linux and Red Hat “Linux”. Free software has "
@@ -1307,7 +1314,7 @@
"practical reasons."
msgstr ""
-# type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <p>
msgid ""
"The good consequences of this are evident: more interest in developing free "
"software, more customers for free software businesses, and more ability to "
@@ -1315,7 +1322,7 @@
"proprietary software products."
msgstr ""
-# type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <p>
msgid ""
"But interest in the software is growing faster than awareness of the "
"philosophy it is based on, and this leads to trouble. Our ability to meet "
@@ -1324,7 +1331,7 @@
"the idea to the new users as they come into the community."
msgstr ""
-# type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <p>
msgid ""
"But we are failing to do so: the efforts to attract new users into our "
"community are far outstripping the efforts to teach them the civics of our "
@@ -1332,18 +1339,18 @@
"balance."
msgstr ""
-# type: Content of: <h3>
+#. type: Content of: <h3>
msgid "“Open Source”"
msgstr ""
-# type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <p>
msgid ""
"Teaching new users about freedom became more difficult in 1998, when a part "
"of the community decided to stop using the term “free software” "
"and say “open source software” instead."
msgstr ""
-# type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <p>
msgid ""
"Some who favored this term aimed to avoid the confusion of "
"“free” with “gratis”—a valid goal. Others, "
@@ -1355,7 +1362,7 @@
"powerful software, but shuns the ideas of freedom, community, and principle."
msgstr ""
-# type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <p>
msgid ""
"The “Linux” magazines are a clear example of this—they are "
"filled with advertisements for proprietary software that works with "
@@ -1363,7 +1370,7 @@
"programmers to stay away from it, or will they run ads for it?"
msgstr ""
-# type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <p>
msgid ""
"The support of business can contribute to the community in many ways; all "
"else being equal, it is useful. But winning their support by speaking even "
@@ -1371,7 +1378,7 @@
"imbalance between outreach and civics education even worse."
msgstr ""
-# type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <p>
msgid ""
"“Free software” and “open source” describe the same "
"category of software, more or less, but say different things about the "
@@ -1380,11 +1387,11 @@
"technology, is important."
msgstr ""
-# type: Content of: <h3>
+#. type: Content of: <h3>
msgid "Try!"
msgstr ""
-# type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <p>
msgid ""
"Yoda's aphorism (“There is no ‘try’”) sounds neat, "
"but it doesn't work for me. I have done most of my work while anxious about "
@@ -1394,7 +1401,7 @@
"succeeded."
msgstr ""
-# type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <p>
msgid ""
"Sometimes I failed; some of my cities have fallen. Then I found another "
"threatened city, and got ready for another battle. Over time, I've learned "
@@ -1402,7 +1409,7 @@
"other hackers to come and join me."
msgstr ""
-# type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <p>
msgid ""
"Nowadays, often I'm not the only one. It is a relief and a joy when I see a "
"regiment of hackers digging in to hold the line, and I realize, this city "
@@ -1413,43 +1420,52 @@
msgstr ""
#. TRANSLATORS: Use space (SPC) as msgstr if you don't have notes.
-# type: Content of: <div>
+#. type: Content of: <div>
msgid "*GNUN-SLOT: TRANSLATOR'S NOTES*"
msgstr ""
-# type: Content of: <div><p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"Please send FSF & GNU inquiries to <a "
"href=\"mailto:address@hidden";><address@hidden></a>. There are also <a "
-"href=\"/contact/\">other ways to contact</a> the FSF. <br /> Please send "
-"broken links and other corrections or suggestions to <a "
+"href=\"/contact/\">other ways to contact</a> the FSF."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
+msgid ""
+"Please send broken links and other corrections or suggestions to <a "
"href=\"mailto:address@hidden";><address@hidden></a>."
msgstr ""
-# type: Content of: <div><p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"Please see the <a "
"href=\"/server/standards/README.translations.html\">Translations README</a> "
"for information on coordinating and submitting translations of this article."
msgstr ""
-# type: Content of: <div><p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"Copyright © 1998, 2001, 2002, 2005, 2006, 2007, 2008, 2010 Richard "
-"Stallman <br /> Verbatim copying and distribution of this entire article is "
-"permitted in any medium without royalty provided this notice is preserved."
+"Stallman"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
+msgid ""
+"Verbatim copying and distribution of this entire article is permitted in any "
+"medium without royalty provided this notice is preserved."
msgstr ""
#. TRANSLATORS: Use space (SPC) as msgstr if you don't want credits.
-# type: Content of: <div><div>
+#. type: Content of: <div><div>
msgid "*GNUN-SLOT: TRANSLATOR'S CREDITS*"
msgstr ""
#. timestamp start
-# type: Content of: <div><p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid "Updated:"
msgstr ""
-# type: Content of: <div><h4>
+#. type: Content of: <div><h4>
msgid "Translations of this page"
msgstr ""
Index: gnu/po/thegnuproject.sq.po
===================================================================
RCS file: /web/www/www/gnu/po/thegnuproject.sq.po,v
retrieving revision 1.6
retrieving revision 1.7
diff -u -b -r1.6 -r1.7
--- gnu/po/thegnuproject.sq.po 3 Mar 2011 01:27:40 -0000 1.6
+++ gnu/po/thegnuproject.sq.po 9 Jul 2011 16:28:44 -0000 1.7
@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
msgid ""
msgstr ""
"Project-Id-Version: \n"
-"POT-Creation-Date: 2010-11-12 20:27-0500\n"
+"POT-Creation-Date: 2011-07-09 12:28-0300\n"
"PO-Revision-Date: 2011-03-03 00:03+0200\n"
"Last-Translator: Besnik Bleta <address@hidden>\n"
"Language-Team: Shqip <address@hidden>\n"
@@ -10,19 +10,23 @@
"Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit\n"
# type: Content of: <title>
+#. type: Content of: <title>
msgid "About the GNU Project - GNU Project - Free Software Foundation (FSF)"
msgstr "Rreth Projektit GNU - Projekti GNU - Free Software Foundation (FSF)"
# type: Attribute 'content' of: <meta>
+#. type: Attribute 'content' of: <meta>
msgid "GNU, GNU Project, FSF, Free Software, Free Software Foundation, History"
msgstr ""
"GNU, Projekti GNU, FSF, Free Software, Free Software Foundation, Historik"
# type: Content of: <h2>
+#. type: Content of: <h2>
msgid "The GNU Project"
msgstr "Projekti GNU"
# type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <p>
msgid ""
"by <a href=\"http://www.stallman.org/\";><strong>Richard Stallman</strong></a>"
msgstr ""
@@ -30,15 +34,18 @@
"a>"
# type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <p>
msgid ""
"the original version was published in the book “Open Sources”"
msgstr "botuar fillimisht në librin “Burime të Hapura”"
# type: Content of: <h3>
+#. type: Content of: <h3>
msgid "The first software-sharing community"
msgstr "Bashkësia e parë e ndarjes së <em>software</em>-eve"
# type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <p>
msgid ""
"When I started working at the <acronym title=\"Massachusetts Institute of "
"Technology\">MIT</acronym> Artificial Intelligence Lab in 1971, I became "
@@ -56,6 +63,7 @@
"shumë se kushdo tjetër."
# type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <p>
msgid ""
"The AI Lab used a timesharing operating system called <acronym title="
"\"Incompatible Timesharing System\">ITS</acronym> (the Incompatible "
@@ -74,6 +82,7 @@
"kish të bënte me përmirësimin e sistemit."
# type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <p>
msgid ""
"We did not call our software “free software”, because that term "
"did not yet exist; but that is what it was. Whenever people from another "
@@ -91,6 +100,7 @@
"copa prej tij për të bërë një program të ri."
# type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <p>
msgid ""
"(1) The use of “hacker” to mean “security breaker” "
"is a confusion on the part of the mass media. We hackers refuse to "
@@ -107,10 +117,12 @@
"\"http://stallman.org/articles/on-hacking.html\";>On Hacking</a>."
# type: Content of: <h3>
+#. type: Content of: <h3>
msgid "The collapse of the community"
msgstr "Vithisja e bashkësisë"
# type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <p>
msgid ""
"The situation changed drastically in the early 1980s when Digital "
"discontinued the PDP-10 series. Its architecture, elegant and powerful in "
@@ -125,6 +137,7 @@
"thuajse krejt programet që përbënin ITS-në qenë të vjetruar."
# type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <p>
msgid ""
"The AI Lab hacker community had already collapsed, not long before. In "
"1981, the spin-off company Symbolics had hired away nearly all of the "
@@ -144,6 +157,7 @@
"ITS-së."
# type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <p>
msgid ""
"The modern computers of the era, such as the VAX or the 68020, had their own "
"operating systems, but none of them were free software: you had to sign a "
@@ -155,6 +169,7 @@
"ekzekutueshme."
# type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <p>
msgid ""
"This meant that the first step in using a computer was to promise not to "
"help your neighbor. A cooperating community was forbidden. The rule made "
@@ -169,6 +184,7 @@
"pirat. Po deshët ndonjë ndryshim, na u lusni që t'i bëjmë.”"
# type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <p>
msgid ""
"The idea that the proprietary software social system—the system that "
"says you are not allowed to share or change software—is antisocial, "
@@ -193,6 +209,7 @@
"të shihet çështja."
# type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <p>
msgid ""
"When software publishers talk about “enforcing” their “"
"rights” or “stopping <a href=\"/philosophy/words-to-avoid."
@@ -210,6 +227,7 @@
"marrim në shqyrtim."
# type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <p>
msgid ""
"One assumption is that software companies have an unquestionable natural "
"right to own software and thus have power over all its users. (If this were "
@@ -228,6 +246,7 @@
"për të kufizuar të drejtën natyrale të përdoruesit për kopjime."
# type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <p>
msgid ""
"Another unstated assumption is that the only important thing about software "
"is what jobs it allows you to do—that we computer users should not "
@@ -239,6 +258,7 @@
"na lejohet të kemi."
# type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <p>
msgid ""
"A third assumption is that we would have no usable software (or would never "
"have a program to do this or that particular job) if we did not offer a "
@@ -255,6 +275,7 @@
"në ta."
# type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <p>
msgid ""
"If we decline to accept these assumptions, and judge these issues based on "
"ordinary commonsense morality while placing the users first, we arrive at "
@@ -271,6 +292,7 @@
"themeli i shoqërisë."
# type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <p>
msgid ""
"There is no room here for an extensive statement of the reasoning behind "
"this conclusion, so I refer the reader to the web page, <a href=\"/"
@@ -282,10 +304,12 @@
"html</a>."
# type: Content of: <h3>
+#. type: Content of: <h3>
msgid "A stark moral choice."
msgstr "Një zgjedhje e ashpër morale."
# type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <p>
msgid ""
"With my community gone, to continue as before was impossible. Instead, I "
"faced a stark moral choice."
@@ -294,6 +318,7 @@
"të saj, u përballa me një zgjedhje morale të ashpër."
# type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <p>
msgid ""
"The easy choice was to join the proprietary software world, signing "
"nondisclosure agreements and promising not to help my fellow hacker. Most "
@@ -309,6 +334,7 @@
"tradhëtojnë kolegët e tyre."
# type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <p>
msgid ""
"I could have made money this way, and perhaps amused myself writing code. "
"But I knew that at the end of my career, I would look back on years of "
@@ -321,6 +347,7 @@
"kisha harxhuar jetën time për ta bërë botën një vend më të shpifur."
# type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <p>
msgid ""
"I had already experienced being on the receiving end of a nondisclosure "
"agreement, when someone refused to give me and the MIT AI Lab the source "
@@ -339,6 +366,7 @@
"mund të ktheja shpinën dhe t'u bëja të njëjtën gjë të tjerëve."
# type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <p>
msgid ""
"Another choice, straightforward but unpleasant, was to leave the computer "
"field. That way my skills would not be misused, but they would still be "
@@ -351,6 +379,7 @@
"përdoruesve, por kjo do të ndodhte prapëseprapë."
# type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <p>
msgid ""
"So I looked for a way that a programmer could do something for the good. I "
"asked myself, was there a program or programs that I could write, so as to "
@@ -361,6 +390,7 @@
"t'i shkruaja, që të mundësonte një bashkësi si njëherë e një kohë?"
# type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <p>
msgid ""
"The answer was clear: what was needed first was an operating system. That "
"is the crucial software for starting to use a computer. With an operating "
@@ -380,6 +410,7 @@
"tij."
# type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <p>
msgid ""
"As an operating system developer, I had the right skills for this job. So "
"even though I could not take success for granted, I realized that I was "
@@ -397,6 +428,7 @@
"GNU's Not Unix.”"
# type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <p>
msgid ""
"An operating system does not mean just a kernel, barely enough to run other "
"programs. In the 1970s, every operating system worthy of the name included "
@@ -412,23 +444,30 @@
"kishte. Do të duhej t'i përfshinte edhe sistemi operativ GNU."
# type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <p>
msgid "Later I heard these words, attributed to Hillel (1):"
msgstr "Më vonë dëgjova këto fjalë, që ia veshin Hillel-it (1):"
-# type: Content of: <blockquote><p>
-msgid ""
-"If I am not for myself, who will be for me?<br /> If I am only for myself, "
-"what am I?<br /> If not now, when?"
+#. type: Content of: <blockquote><p>
+msgid "If I am not for myself, who will be for me?"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <blockquote><p>
+msgid "If I am only for myself, what am I?"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <blockquote><p>
+msgid "If not now, when?"
msgstr ""
-"Po nuk mendova për veten, kush do të mendojë për mua?<br /> Nëse mendoj "
-"vetëm për veten, ç'jam?<br /> Po qe se jo sot, kur?"
# type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <p>
msgid "The decision to start the GNU Project was based on a similar spirit."
msgstr ""
"Vendimi për të filluar Projektin GNU e pati bazën në një frymë të
ngjashme."
# type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <p>
msgid ""
"(1) As an Atheist, I don't follow any religious leaders, but I sometimes "
"find I admire something one of them has said."
@@ -437,10 +476,12 @@
"admiroj ndonjë gjë mund të ketë thënë ndonjëri prej tyre."
# type: Content of: <h3>
+#. type: Content of: <h3>
msgid "Free as in freedom"
msgstr "I lirë si te liria"
# type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <p>
msgid ""
"The term “free software” is sometimes misunderstood—it has "
"nothing to do with price. It is about freedom. Here, therefore, is the "
@@ -451,15 +492,18 @@
"i software-it të lirë."
# type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <p>
msgid "A program is free software, for you, a particular user, if:"
msgstr ""
"Për ju, një përdorues i dhënë, programi është <em>software</em> i
lirë, nëse:"
# type: Content of: <ul><li>
+#. type: Content of: <ul><li>
msgid "You have the freedom to run the program as you wish, for any purpose."
msgstr "Jeni i lirë ta xhironi programin si të doni, për çfarëdo
qëllimi."
# type: Content of: <ul><li>
+#. type: Content of: <ul><li>
msgid ""
"You have the freedom to modify the program to suit your needs. (To make "
"this freedom effective in practice, you must have access to the source code, "
@@ -472,11 +516,13 @@
"jashtë mase e vështirë.)"
# type: Content of: <ul><li>
+#. type: Content of: <ul><li>
msgid ""
"You have the freedom to redistribute copies, either gratis or for a fee."
msgstr "Jeni i lirë të rishpërndani kopjet, falas ose kundrejt një pagese."
# type: Content of: <ul><li>
+#. type: Content of: <ul><li>
msgid ""
"You have the freedom to distribute modified versions of the program, so that "
"the community can benefit from your improvements."
@@ -485,6 +531,7 @@
"prej përmirësimeve tuaja tëmund të përfitojë bashkësia."
# type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <p>
msgid ""
"Since “free” refers to freedom, not to price, there is no "
"contradiction between selling copies and free software. In fact, the "
@@ -503,6 +550,7 @@
"këto koleksione nuk është <em>software</em> i lirë."
# type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <p>
msgid ""
"Because of the ambiguity of “free”, people have long looked for "
"alternatives, but no one has found a better term. The English language has "
@@ -522,10 +570,12 @@
"ndonjë mangësi tjetër."
# type: Content of: <h3>
+#. type: Content of: <h3>
msgid "GNU software and the GNU system"
msgstr "<em>Software</em>-i GNU dhe sistemi GNU"
# type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <p>
msgid ""
"Developing a whole system is a very large project. To bring it into reach, "
"I decided to adapt and use existing pieces of free software wherever that "
@@ -540,6 +590,7 @@
"Window System në vend që të shkruaja një tjetër sistem dritaresh për
GNU-në."
# type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <p>
msgid ""
"Because of this decision, the GNU system is not the same as the collection "
"of all GNU software. The GNU system includes programs that are not GNU "
@@ -553,10 +604,12 @@
"përdorim sepse janë <em>software</em> i lirë."
# type: Content of: <h3>
+#. type: Content of: <h3>
msgid "Commencing the project"
msgstr "Fillimi i projektit"
# type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <p>
msgid ""
"In January 1984 I quit my job at MIT and began writing GNU software. "
"Leaving MIT was necessary so that MIT would not be able to interfere with "
@@ -578,6 +631,7 @@
"software-sh."
# type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <p>
msgid ""
"However, Professor Winston, then the head of the MIT AI Lab, kindly invited "
"me to keep using the lab's facilities."
@@ -586,10 +640,12 @@
"me dashamirësi të vazhdoja të përdorja mjetet e laboratorit."
# type: Content of: <h3>
+#. type: Content of: <h3>
msgid "The first steps"
msgstr "Hapat e parë"
# type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <p>
msgid ""
"Shortly before beginning the GNU Project, I heard about the Free University "
"Compiler Kit, also known as VUCK. (The Dutch word for “free” is "
@@ -604,6 +660,7 @@
"makinash. I shkruajta autorit dhe e pyeta nëse mund të përdorej nga
GNU-ja."
# type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <p>
msgid ""
"He responded derisively, stating that the university was free but the "
"compiler was not. I therefore decided that my first program for the GNU "
@@ -614,6 +671,7 @@
"duhejt të ishte një përpilues shumëgjuhësh, shumëplatformësh."
# type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <p>
msgid ""
"Hoping to avoid the need to write the whole compiler myself, I obtained the "
"source code for the Pastel compiler, which was a multiplatform compiler "
@@ -634,6 +692,7 @@
"Unix 68000 do të mund të lejonte vetëm 64k."
# type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <p>
msgid ""
"I then realized that the Pastel compiler functioned by parsing the entire "
"input file into a syntax tree, converting the whole syntax tree into a chain "
@@ -655,10 +714,12 @@
"ndodhi pas ca vitesh; së pari, u mora me GNU Emacs-in."
# type: Content of: <h3>
+#. type: Content of: <h3>
msgid "GNU Emacs"
msgstr "GNU Emacs"
# type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <p>
msgid ""
"I began work on GNU Emacs in September 1984, and in early 1985 it was "
"beginning to be usable. This enabled me to begin using Unix systems to do "
@@ -671,6 +732,7 @@
"përpunimet e mia deri atëherë i pata bërë në lloje të tjera makinash."
# type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <p>
msgid ""
"At this point, people began wanting to use GNU Emacs, which raised the "
"question of how to distribute it. Of course, I put it on the anonymous ftp "
@@ -691,6 +753,7 @@
"përmes ftp-së. Kështu që pyetja bëhej: çfarë duhej t'u thosha?"
# type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <p>
msgid ""
"I could have said, “Find a friend who is on the net and who will make "
"a copy for you.” Or I could have done what I did with the original PDP-"
@@ -713,10 +776,12 @@
"sot shpërndajnë krejt sistemet GNU me bazë Linux."
# type: Content of: <h3>
+#. type: Content of: <h3>
msgid "Is a program free for every user?"
msgstr "A është një program i lirë për secilin përdorues?"
# type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <p>
msgid ""
"If a program is free software when it leaves the hands of its author, this "
"does not necessarily mean it will be free software for everyone who has a "
@@ -738,6 +803,7 @@
"të cilat lejojnë versione të ndryshuara pronësore."
# type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <p>
msgid ""
"The paradigmatic example of this problem is the X Window System. Developed "
"at MIT, and released as free software with a permissive license, it was soon "
@@ -753,6 +819,7 @@
"software i lirë se sa ç'qe Unix-i vetë."
# type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <p>
msgid ""
"The developers of the X Window System did not consider this a problem—"
"they expected and intended this to happen. Their goal was not freedom, just "
@@ -766,6 +833,7 @@
"por vetëm që këta të ishin shumë."
# type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <p>
msgid ""
"This led to a paradoxical situation where two different ways of counting the "
"amount of freedom gave different answers to the question, “Is this "
@@ -785,10 +853,12 @@
"versionet pronësore që vinin bashkë me sistemet Unix, jo versionin e
lirë."
# type: Content of: <h3>
+#. type: Content of: <h3>
msgid "Copyleft and the GNU GPL"
msgstr "Copyleft-i dhe GNU GPL"
# type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <p>
msgid ""
"The goal of GNU was to give users freedom, not just to be popular. So we "
"needed to use distribution terms that would prevent GNU software from being "
@@ -801,6 +871,7 @@
"pronësor. Metoda që përdorim quhet “copyleft”.(1)"
# type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <p>
msgid ""
"Copyleft uses copyright law, but flips it over to serve the opposite of its "
"usual purpose: instead of a means for restricting a program, it becomes a "
@@ -812,6 +883,7 @@
"bëhet mjet për mbajtjen e <em>software</em>-eve të lirë."
# type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <p>
msgid ""
"The central idea of copyleft is that we give everyone permission to run the "
"program, copy the program, modify the program, and distribute modified "
@@ -827,6 +899,7 @@
"shndërrohen në të drejta të patjetërsueshme."
# type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <p>
msgid ""
"For an effective copyleft, modified versions must also be free. This "
"ensures that work based on ours becomes available to our community if it is "
@@ -844,6 +917,7 @@
"për të krijuar version tonë pronësor të programit.”"
# type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <p>
msgid ""
"The requirement that changes must be free is essential if we want to ensure "
"freedom for every user of the program. The companies that privatized the X "
@@ -862,6 +936,7 @@
"shfajësimi."
# type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <p>
msgid ""
"A related issue concerns combining a free program with nonfree code. Such a "
"combination would inevitably be nonfree; whichever freedoms are lacking for "
@@ -882,6 +957,7 @@
"<i>copyleft</i>."
# type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <p>
msgid ""
"The specific implementation of copyleft that we use for most GNU software is "
"the GNU General Public License, or GNU GPL for short. We have other kinds "
@@ -898,6 +974,7 @@
"për doracakë.(2)"
# type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <p>
msgid ""
"(1) In 1984 or 1985, Don Hopkins (a very imaginative fellow) mailed me a "
"letter. On the envelope he had written several amusing sayings, including "
@@ -912,6 +989,7 @@
"hartoja në atë kohë."
# type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <p>
msgid ""
"(2) We now use the <a href=\"/licenses/fdl.html\">GNU Free Documentation "
"License</a> for documentation."
@@ -920,10 +998,12 @@
"Dokumentime</a> për dokumentim."
# type: Content of: <h3>
+#. type: Content of: <h3>
msgid "The Free Software Foundation"
msgstr "The Free Software Foundation"
# type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <p>
msgid ""
"As interest in using Emacs was growing, other people became involved in the "
"GNU project, and we decided that it was time to seek funding once again. So "
@@ -944,6 +1024,7 @@
"kaseta, dhe duke shitur gjithashtu doracakë të lirë."
# type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <p>
msgid ""
"Most of the FSF's income used to come from sales of copies of free software "
"and of other related services (CD-ROMs of source code, CD-ROMs with "
@@ -965,6 +1046,7 @@
"fsf.org/join\">fsf.org</a>."
# type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <p>
msgid ""
"Free Software Foundation employees have written and maintained a number of "
"GNU software packages. Two notable ones are the C library and the shell. "
@@ -984,6 +1066,7 @@
"Shell</i>(1), i cili qe hartuar prej punonjësit të FSF-së Brian Fox."
# type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <p>
msgid ""
"We funded development of these programs because the GNU Project was not just "
"about tools or a development environment. Our goal was a complete operating "
@@ -994,6 +1077,7 @@
"plotë, dhe këto programe duheshin për këtë qëllim."
# type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <p>
msgid ""
"(1) “Bourne Again Shell” is a play on the name “Bourne "
"Shell”, which was the usual shell on Unix."
@@ -1002,10 +1086,12 @@
"Shell”, i cili qe shelli i zakonshëm në Unix."
# type: Content of: <h3>
+#. type: Content of: <h3>
msgid "Free software support"
msgstr "Asistencë <em>software</em>-i të lirë"
# type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <p>
msgid ""
"The free software philosophy rejects a specific widespread business "
"practice, but it is not against business. When businesses respect the "
@@ -1016,6 +1102,7 @@
"respektojnë lirinë e përdoruesit, u urojmë sukses."
# type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <p>
msgid ""
"Selling copies of Emacs demonstrates one kind of free software business. "
"When the FSF took over that business, I needed another way to make a "
@@ -1033,6 +1120,7 @@
"GCC-së në platforma të reja."
# type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <p>
msgid ""
"Today each of these kinds of free software business is practiced by a number "
"of corporations. Some distribute free software collections on CD-ROM; "
@@ -1049,6 +1137,7 @@
"të reja <em>software</em>-i të lirë."
# type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <p>
msgid ""
"Watch out, though—a number of companies that associate themselves with "
"the term “open source” actually base their business on nonfree "
@@ -1070,10 +1159,12 @@
"“me liri të hequr”."
# type: Content of: <h3>
+#. type: Content of: <h3>
msgid "Technical goals"
msgstr "Synimet teknike"
# type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <p>
msgid ""
"The principal goal of GNU is to be free software. Even if GNU had no "
"technical advantage over Unix, it would have a social advantage, allowing "
@@ -1085,6 +1176,7 @@
"etike, respektin ndaj lirisë së përdoruesit."
# type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <p>
msgid ""
"But it was natural to apply the known standards of good practice to the "
"work—for example, dynamically allocating data structures to avoid "
@@ -1097,6 +1189,7 @@
"kodeve 8-bitësh të mundshëm kurdo që kjo kish kuptim."
# type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <p>
msgid ""
"In addition, we rejected the Unix focus on small memory size, by deciding "
"not to support 16-bit machines (it was clear that 32-bit machines would be "
@@ -1116,6 +1209,7 @@
"skanohej lënda e saj pa u dashur të shqetësohesh për I/O."
# type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <p>
msgid ""
"These decisions enabled many GNU programs to surpass their Unix counterparts "
"in reliability and speed."
@@ -1124,10 +1218,12 @@
"ngjashmit e tyre Unix në qëndrueshmëri dhe shpejtësi."
# type: Content of: <h3>
+#. type: Content of: <h3>
msgid "Donated computers"
msgstr "Kompjutera të dhuruar"
# type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <p>
msgid ""
"As the GNU Project's reputation grew, people began offering to donate "
"machines running Unix to the project. These were very useful, because the "
@@ -1143,6 +1239,7 @@
"të kishim një kopje të Unix-it."
# type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <p>
msgid ""
"Unix was (and is) proprietary software, and the GNU Project's philosophy "
"said that we should not use proprietary software. But, applying the same "
@@ -1159,6 +1256,7 @@
"lirë që do të ndihmonte të tjerat të reshtnin së përdoruri paketën
pronësore."
# type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <p>
msgid ""
"But, even if this was a justifiable evil, it was still an evil. Today we no "
"longer have any copies of Unix, because we have replaced them with free "
@@ -1171,10 +1269,12 @@
"makine me një të lirë, zëvendësonim makinën."
# type: Content of: <h3>
+#. type: Content of: <h3>
msgid "The GNU Task List"
msgstr "Lista e Hapave GNU"
# type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <p>
msgid ""
"As the GNU Project proceeded, and increasing numbers of system components "
"were found or developed, eventually it became useful to make a list of the "
@@ -1193,6 +1293,7 @@
"që, mendonim, do të duhej të përmbante një sistem vërtet i plotë."
# type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <p>
msgid ""
"Today (1), hardly any Unix components are left in the GNU Task List—"
"those jobs had been done, aside from a few inessential ones. But the list "
@@ -1207,6 +1308,7 @@
"përdoruesish, do të ishte diçka e dobishme të shtohej te një sistem
operativ."
# type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <p>
msgid ""
"Even games are included in the task list—and have been since the "
"beginning. Unix included games, so naturally GNU should too. But "
@@ -1222,6 +1324,7 @@
"pëlqenin."
# type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <p>
msgid ""
"(1) That was written in 1998. In 2009 we no longer maintain a long task "
"list. The community develops free software so fast that we can't even keep "
@@ -1236,10 +1339,12 @@
"shkruajnë."
# type: Content of: <h3>
+#. type: Content of: <h3>
msgid "The GNU Library GPL"
msgstr "GNU Library GPL"
# type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <p>
msgid ""
"The GNU C library uses a special kind of copyleft called the GNU Library "
"General Public License(1), which gives permission to link proprietary "
@@ -1250,6 +1355,7 @@
"<em>software</em>-it pronësor me librarinë. Pse duhet ky përjashtim?"
# type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <p>
msgid ""
"It is not a matter of principle; there is no principle that says proprietary "
"software products are entitled to include our code. (Why contribute to a "
@@ -1263,6 +1369,7 @@
"strategjie."
# type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <p>
msgid ""
"The C library does a generic job; every proprietary system or compiler comes "
"with a C library. Therefore, to make our C library available only to free "
@@ -1276,6 +1383,7 @@
"sonë."
# type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <p>
msgid ""
"One system is an exception to this: on the GNU system (and this includes GNU/"
"Linux), the GNU C library is the only C library. So the distribution terms "
@@ -1296,6 +1404,7 @@
"së për Librari është strategji e mirë për librarinë C."
# type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <p>
msgid ""
"For other libraries, the strategic decision needs to be considered on a case-"
"by-case basis. When a library does a special job that can help write "
@@ -1311,6 +1420,7 @@
"kundrejt <em>software</em>-it pronësor."
# type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <p>
msgid ""
"Consider GNU Readline, a library that was developed to provide command-line "
"editing for BASH. Readline is released under the ordinary GNU GPL, not the "
@@ -1327,6 +1437,7 @@
"in, dhe ky është përfitim i njëmendtë për bashkësinë."
# type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <p>
msgid ""
"Proprietary software developers have the advantages money provides; free "
"software developers need to make advantages for each other. I hope some day "
@@ -1345,20 +1456,29 @@
"<em>software</em>-it të lirë."
# type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "(1) This license is now called the GNU Lesser General Public License, to "
+#| "avoid giving the idea that all libraries ought to use it. <a href=\"/"
+#| "philosophy/why-not-lgpl.html\"></a>."
msgid ""
"(1) This license is now called the GNU Lesser General Public License, to "
-"avoid giving the idea that all libraries ought to use it. <a href=\"/"
-"philosophy/why-not-lgpl.html\"></a>."
+"avoid giving the idea that all libraries ought to use it. See <a href=\"/"
+"philosophy/why-not-lgpl.html\">Why you shouldn't use the Lesser GPL for your "
+"next library</a> for more information."
msgstr ""
"(1) Kjo leje tani quhet <i>GNU Lesser General Public License</i>, për të "
"shmangur idenë se krejt libraritë janë të detyruara ta përdorin. <a
href=\"/"
"philosophy/why-not-lgpl.html\"></a>."
# type: Content of: <h3>
+#. type: Content of: <h3>
msgid "Scratching an itch?"
msgstr "Punë sikleti?"
# type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <p>
msgid ""
"Eric Raymond says that “Every good work of software starts by "
"scratching a developer's personal itch.” Maybe that happens sometimes, "
@@ -1373,6 +1493,7 @@
"përfytyrim dhe një plan, jo nga një impuls."
# type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <p>
msgid ""
"For example, we developed the GNU C library because a Unix-like system needs "
"a C library, BASH because a Unix-like system needs a shell, and GNU tar "
@@ -1386,6 +1507,7 @@
"programet e mij—përpiluesi GNU C, GNU Emacs, GDB dhe GNU Make."
# type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <p>
msgid ""
"Some GNU programs were developed to cope with specific threats to our "
"freedom. Thus, we developed gzip to replace the Compress program, which had "
@@ -1409,6 +1531,7 @@
"zgjedhjes: liri apo vetësi."
# type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <p>
msgid ""
"Of course, the people writing these programs became interested in the work, "
"and many features were added to them by various people for the sake of their "
@@ -1420,10 +1543,12 @@
"programe."
# type: Content of: <h3>
+#. type: Content of: <h3>
msgid "Unexpected developments"
msgstr "Zhvillime të papritura"
# type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <p>
msgid ""
"At the beginning of the GNU Project, I imagined that we would develop the "
"whole GNU system, then release it as a whole. That is not how it happened."
@@ -1432,6 +1557,7 @@
"plotë, mandej ta hidhnim në qarkullim. Nuk ndodhi kështu."
# type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <p>
msgid ""
"Since each component of the GNU system was implemented on a Unix system, "
"each component could run on Unix systems long before a complete GNU system "
@@ -1447,6 +1573,7 @@
"te sisteme të tjera."
# type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <p>
msgid ""
"The process made these programs much more powerful, and attracted both funds "
"and contributors to the GNU Project. But it probably also delayed "
@@ -1463,10 +1590,12 @@
"tjetrit të përbërësve që mungonin."
# type: Content of: <h3>
+#. type: Content of: <h3>
msgid "The GNU Hurd"
msgstr "The GNU Hurd"
# type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <p>
msgid ""
"By 1990, the GNU system was almost complete; the only major missing "
"component was the kernel. We had decided to implement our kernel as a "
@@ -1488,6 +1617,7 @@
"siç qe premtuar."
# type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <p>
msgid ""
"One reason for choosing this design was to avoid what seemed to be the "
"hardest part of the job: debugging a kernel program without a source-level "
@@ -1507,10 +1637,12 @@
"në diçka që funksionon qëndrueshëm po zgjat këtu e shumë vite."
# type: Content of: <h3>
+#. type: Content of: <h3>
msgid "Alix"
msgstr "Alix"
# type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <p>
msgid ""
"The GNU kernel was not originally supposed to be called the Hurd. Its "
"original name was Alix—named after the woman who was my sweetheart at "
@@ -1528,6 +1660,7 @@
"një kernel me emrin Alix."
# type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <p>
msgid ""
"It did not stay that way. Michael (now Thomas) Bushnell, the main developer "
"of the kernel, preferred the name Hurd, and redefined Alix to refer to a "
@@ -1540,6 +1673,7 @@
"sistemit dhe që do t'i trajtonte ato duke dërguar mesazhe te shërbyesat
HURD."
# type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <p>
msgid ""
"Later, Alix and I broke up, and she changed her name; independently, the "
"Hurd design was changed so that the C library would send messages directly "
@@ -1551,6 +1685,7 @@
"koncepti."
# type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <p>
msgid ""
"But before these things happened, a friend of hers came across the name Alix "
"in the Hurd source code, and mentioned it to her. So she did have the "
@@ -1561,10 +1696,12 @@
"një kernel të quajtur me emrin e saj."
# type: Content of: <h3>
+#. type: Content of: <h3>
msgid "Linux and GNU/Linux"
msgstr "Linux dhe GNU/Linux"
# type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <p>
msgid ""
"The GNU Hurd is not suitable for production use, and we don't know if it "
"ever will be. The capability-based design has problems that result directly "
@@ -1575,6 +1712,7 @@
"vijnë drejt e nga lakueshmëria e skicimit, dhe nuk ka zgjidhe të qarta."
# type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <p>
msgid ""
"Fortunately, another kernel is available. In 1991, Linus Torvalds developed "
"a Unix-compatible kernel and called it Linux. In 1992, he made Linux free "
@@ -1591,6 +1729,7 @@
"xhirojnë faktikisht një version të sistemit GNU."
# type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <p>
msgid ""
"We call this system version GNU/Linux, to express its composition as a "
"combination of the GNU system with Linux as the kernel."
@@ -1599,10 +1738,12 @@
"si një ndërthurje të sistemit GNU me Linux-in për kernel."
# type: Content of: <h3>
+#. type: Content of: <h3>
msgid "Challenges in our future"
msgstr "Sfida të së ardhmes sonë"
# type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <p>
msgid ""
"We have proved our ability to develop a broad spectrum of free software. "
"This does not mean we are invincible and unstoppable. Several challenges "
@@ -1619,14 +1760,17 @@
"që njerëzit e shfaqin kur çmojnë lirinë e tyre dhe nuk lënë njeri tua
marrë."
# type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <p>
msgid "The following four sections discuss these challenges."
msgstr "Katër ndarjet vijuese diskutojnë këto sfida:"
# type: Content of: <h3>
+#. type: Content of: <h3>
msgid "Secret hardware"
msgstr "\"Hardware\" sekret:"
# type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <p>
msgid ""
"Hardware manufacturers increasingly tend to keep hardware specifications "
"secret. This makes it difficult to write free drivers so that Linux and "
@@ -1640,6 +1784,7 @@
"qe se nuk mbulojmë kompjuterat e së nesërmes."
# type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <p>
msgid ""
"There are two ways to cope with this problem. Programmers can do reverse "
"engineering to figure out how to support the hardware. The rest of us can "
@@ -1653,6 +1798,7 @@
"specifikimeve do të shndërrohet në një taktikë që sjell humbjen."
# type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <p>
msgid ""
"Reverse engineering is a big job; will we have programmers with sufficient "
"determination to undertake it? Yes—if we have built up a strong "
@@ -1670,6 +1816,7 @@
"gjerësisht."
# type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <p>
msgid ""
"(2008 note: this issue extends to the BIOS as well. There is a free BIOS, "
"coreboot; the problem is getting specs for machines so that coreboot can "
@@ -1680,10 +1827,12 @@
"kështu coreboot-i t'i mbulojë ato.)"
# type: Content of: <h3>
+#. type: Content of: <h3>
msgid "Nonfree libraries"
msgstr "Librari jo të lira"
# type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <p>
msgid ""
"A nonfree library that runs on free operating systems acts as a trap for "
"free software developers. The library's attractive features are the bait; "
@@ -1703,6 +1852,7 @@
"në grackë të tjerë programuesa mosdyshues."
# type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <p>
msgid ""
"The first instance of this problem was the Motif toolkit, back in the 80s. "
"Although there were as yet no free operating systems, it was clear what "
@@ -1723,6 +1873,7 @@
"Programmers, vetëm më 1997-n u bë aq i fuqishëm, sa duhej për të
mbuluar "
"shumicën e zbatimeve Motif."
+#. type: Content of: <p>
msgid ""
"Between 1996 and 1998, another nonfree <acronym title=\"Graphical User "
"Interface\">GUI</acronym> toolkit library, called Qt, was used in a "
@@ -1734,6 +1885,7 @@
"jo të pakët <em>software</em>-esh të lirë, desktopin <acronym title=\"K "
"Desktop Environment\">KDE</acronym>."
+#. type: Content of: <p>
msgid ""
"Free GNU/Linux systems were unable to use KDE, because we could not use the "
"library. However, some commercial distributors of GNU/Linux systems who "
@@ -1752,6 +1904,7 @@
"përdoruesve të rinj të Linux-it” nuk iu është treguar ndonjëherë
ideja "
"se këtu kish një problem. Gjendja dukej e zymtë."
+#. type: Content of: <p>
msgid ""
"The free software community responded to the problem in two ways: GNOME and "
"Harmony."
@@ -1759,6 +1912,7 @@
"Bashkësia e <em>software</em>-it të lirë iu kundërpërgjigj problemit në
dy "
"mënyra: GNOME dhe Harmony."
+#. type: Content of: <p>
msgid ""
"GNOME, the GNU Network Object Model Environment, is GNU's desktop project. "
"Started in 1997 by Miguel de Icaza, and developed with the support of Red "
@@ -1775,6 +1929,7 @@
"+. Por synimi kryesor qe liria: të mos ia kishim nevojën asnjë "
"<em>software</em>-i jo të lirë."
+#. type: Content of: <p>
msgid ""
"Harmony is a compatible replacement library, designed to make it possible to "
"run KDE software without using Qt."
@@ -1782,6 +1937,7 @@
"Harmony është një librari zëvendësimesh të përputhshme, hartuar për
të bërë "
"të mundur xhirimin e <em>software</em>-eve KDE pa përdorur Qt-në."
+#. type: Content of: <p>
msgid ""
"In November 1998, the developers of Qt announced a change of license which, "
"when carried out, should make Qt free software. There is no way to be sure, "
@@ -1798,6 +1954,7 @@
"së.)"
# type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <p>
msgid ""
"[Subsequent note: in September 2000, Qt was rereleased under the GNU GPL, "
"which essentially solved this problem.]"
@@ -1806,6 +1963,7 @@
"çka në thelb e zgjidhi këtë problem.]"
# type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <p>
msgid ""
"How will we respond to the next tempting nonfree library? Will the whole "
"community understand the need to stay out of the trap? Or will many of us "
@@ -1818,10 +1976,12 @@
"kështu një problem të madh? E ardhmja jonë varet nga filozofia jonë."
# type: Content of: <h3>
+#. type: Content of: <h3>
msgid "Software patents"
msgstr "Patenta <em>software</em>-i"
# type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <p>
msgid ""
"The worst threat we face comes from software patents, which can put "
"algorithms and features off limits to free software for up to twenty years. "
@@ -1843,6 +2003,7 @@
"audio të ngjeshur si <acronym title=\"MPEG-1 Audio Layer 3\">MP3</acronym>."
# type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <p>
msgid ""
"There are ways to cope with patents: we can search for evidence that a "
"patent is invalid, and we can look for alternative ways to do a job. But "
@@ -1858,6 +2019,7 @@
"përdoruesit i pëlqejnë. Ãfarë do të bëjmë ne kur kjo të ndodhë?"
# type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <p>
msgid ""
"Those of us who value free software for freedom's sake will stay with free "
"software anyway. We will manage to get work done without the patented "
@@ -1879,10 +2041,12 @@
"për lirinë dhe parimet."
# type: Content of: <h3>
+#. type: Content of: <h3>
msgid "Free documentation"
msgstr "Dokumentim i lirë"
# type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <p>
msgid ""
"The biggest deficiency in our free operating systems is not in the "
"software—it is the lack of good free manuals that we can include in "
@@ -1898,6 +2062,7 @@
"ka një hendek të madh. Sot për sot kemi mjaft hendeqe të tillë."
# type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <p>
msgid ""
"Free documentation, like free software, is a matter of freedom, not price. "
"The criterion for a free manual is pretty much the same as for free "
@@ -1913,6 +2078,7 @@
"kopje të programit."
# type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <p>
msgid ""
"Permission for modification is crucial too. As a general rule, I don't "
"believe that it is essential for people to have permission to modify all "
@@ -1927,6 +2093,7 @@
"përshkruan veprimet tona dhe pikëpamjet tona."
# type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <p>
msgid ""
"But there is a particular reason why the freedom to modify is crucial for "
"documentation for free software. When people exercise their right to modify "
@@ -1946,6 +2113,7 @@
"nuk i plotëson nevojat e bashkësisë sonë."
# type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <p>
msgid ""
"Some kinds of limits on how modifications are done pose no problem. For "
"example, requirements to preserve the original author's copyright notice, "
@@ -1970,6 +2138,7 @@
"së <em>software</em>-it të lirë rrugën që ta përdorë plotësisht
doracakun."
# type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <p>
msgid ""
"However, it must be possible to modify all the <em>technical</em> content of "
"the manual, and then distribute the result in all the usual media, through "
@@ -1983,6 +2152,7 @@
"doracak tjetër."
# type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <p>
msgid ""
"Will free software developers have the awareness and determination to "
"produce a full spectrum of free manuals? Once again, our future depends on "
@@ -1993,10 +2163,12 @@
"herë, e ardhmja jonë është në dorë të filozofisë."
# type: Content of: <h3>
+#. type: Content of: <h3>
msgid "We must talk about freedom"
msgstr "Duhet të flasim rreth lirisë"
# type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <p>
msgid ""
"Estimates today are that there are ten million users of GNU/Linux systems "
"such as Debian GNU/Linux and Red Hat “Linux”. Free software has "
@@ -2009,6 +2181,7 @@
"përdoruesit po turren drejt tij për arsye të pastra praktike."
# type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <p>
msgid ""
"The good consequences of this are evident: more interest in developing free "
"software, more customers for free software businesses, and more ability to "
@@ -2022,6 +2195,7 @@
"<em>software</em> pronësorë."
# type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <p>
msgid ""
"But interest in the software is growing faster than awareness of the "
"philosophy it is based on, and this leads to trouble. Our ability to meet "
@@ -2037,6 +2211,7 @@
"e rinj, dora dorës që këta bëhen pjesë e bashkësisë."
# type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <p>
msgid ""
"But we are failing to do so: the efforts to attract new users into our "
"community are far outstripping the efforts to teach them the civics of our "
@@ -2049,10 +2224,12 @@
"duhet t'i mbajmë në baraspeshë të dyja përpjekjet."
# type: Content of: <h3>
+#. type: Content of: <h3>
msgid "“Open Source”"
msgstr "“Burim i Hapur”"
# type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <p>
msgid ""
"Teaching new users about freedom became more difficult in 1998, when a part "
"of the community decided to stop using the term “free software” "
@@ -2064,6 +2241,7 @@
"hapur” më mirë."
# type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <p>
msgid ""
"Some who favored this term aimed to avoid the confusion of “"
"free” with “gratis”—a valid goal. Others, however, "
@@ -2086,6 +2264,7 @@
"parimeve."
# type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <p>
msgid ""
"The “Linux” magazines are a clear example of this—they are "
"filled with advertisements for proprietary software that works with GNU/"
@@ -2099,6 +2278,7 @@
"reklama për të?"
# type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <p>
msgid ""
"The support of business can contribute to the community in many ways; all "
"else being equal, it is useful. But winning their support by speaking even "
@@ -2112,6 +2292,7 @@
"përhapjes dhe edukimit qytetar."
# type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <p>
msgid ""
"“Free software” and “open source” describe the same "
"category of software, more or less, but say different things about the "
@@ -2126,10 +2307,12 @@
"shprehur idenë që rëndësi ka liria, jo teknologjia."
# type: Content of: <h3>
+#. type: Content of: <h3>
msgid "Try!"
msgstr "Provojeni!"
# type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <p>
msgid ""
"Yoda's aphorism (“There is no ‘try’”) sounds neat, "
"but it doesn't work for me. I have done most of my work while anxious about "
@@ -2146,6 +2329,7 @@
"Duke befasuar vetveten, ca herë dola me sukses."
# type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <p>
msgid ""
"Sometimes I failed; some of my cities have fallen. Then I found another "
"threatened city, and got ready for another battle. Over time, I've learned "
@@ -2158,6 +2342,7 @@
"bërë thirrje <i>hackers</i>-ave të tjerë të bëhen me mua."
# type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <p>
msgid ""
"Nowadays, often I'm not the only one. It is a relief and a joy when I see a "
"regiment of hackers digging in to hold the line, and I realize, this city "
@@ -2176,16 +2361,42 @@
# type: Content of: <div>
#. TRANSLATORS: Use space (SPC) as msgstr if you don't have notes.
+#. type: Content of: <div>
msgid "*GNUN-SLOT: TRANSLATOR'S NOTES*"
msgstr " "
# type: Content of: <div><p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "Please send FSF & GNU inquiries to <a
href=\"mailto:address@hidden";><"
+#| "address@hidden></a>. There are also <a href=\"/contact/\">other ways
to "
+#| "contact</a> the FSF. <br /> Please send broken links and other "
+#| "corrections or suggestions to <a href=\"mailto:address@hidden";><"
+#| "address@hidden></a>."
msgid ""
"Please send FSF & GNU inquiries to <a href=\"mailto:address@hidden";><"
"address@hidden></a>. There are also <a href=\"/contact/\">other ways to "
-"contact</a> the FSF. <br /> Please send broken links and other corrections "
-"or suggestions to <a href=\"mailto:address@hidden";><address@hidden"
-"org></a>."
+"contact</a> the FSF."
+msgstr ""
+"Ju lutem, pyetjet për FSF & GNU-në dërgojini te <a
href=\"mailto:address@hidden";
+"org\"><address@hidden></a>. Ka gjithashtu edhe <a href=\"/contact/"
+"\">rrugë të tjera për t'u lidhu r me</a> FSF-në. <br /> Ju lutem,
për "
+"lidhje të dëmtuara dhe ndreqje të tjera apo këshilla shkruajuni te <a
href="
+"\"mailto:address@hidden";><address@hidden></a>."
+
+# type: Content of: <div><p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "Please send FSF & GNU inquiries to <a
href=\"mailto:address@hidden";><"
+#| "address@hidden></a>. There are also <a href=\"/contact/\">other ways
to "
+#| "contact</a> the FSF. <br /> Please send broken links and other "
+#| "corrections or suggestions to <a href=\"mailto:address@hidden";><"
+#| "address@hidden></a>."
+msgid ""
+"Please send broken links and other corrections or suggestions to <a href="
+"\"mailto:address@hidden";><address@hidden></a>."
msgstr ""
"Ju lutem, pyetjet për FSF & GNU-në dërgojini te <a
href=\"mailto:address@hidden";
"org\"><address@hidden></a>. Ka gjithashtu edhe <a href=\"/contact/"
@@ -2194,6 +2405,7 @@
"\"mailto:address@hidden";><address@hidden></a>."
# type: Content of: <div><p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"Please see the <a href=\"/server/standards/README.translations.html"
"\">Translations README</a> for information on coordinating and submitting "
@@ -2203,11 +2415,23 @@
"artikulli, ju lutem, shihni <a href=\"/server/standards/README.translations."
"html\">README për përkthimet</a>."
-# type: Content of: <div><p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"Copyright © 1998, 2001, 2002, 2005, 2006, 2007, 2008, 2010 Richard "
-"Stallman <br /> Verbatim copying and distribution of this entire article is "
-"permitted in any medium without royalty provided this notice is preserved."
+"Stallman"
+msgstr ""
+
+# type: Content of: <div><p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "Copyright © 1998, 2001, 2002, 2005, 2006, 2007, 2008, 2010 Richard "
+#| "Stallman <br /> Verbatim copying and distribution of this entire article "
+#| "is permitted in any medium without royalty provided this notice is "
+#| "preserved."
+msgid ""
+"Verbatim copying and distribution of this entire article is permitted in any "
+"medium without royalty provided this notice is preserved."
msgstr ""
"Të drejta kopjimi © 1998, 2001, 2002, 2005, 2006, 2007, 2008, 2010 "
"Richard M. Stallman <br /> Lejohet kopjimi fjalë për fjalë dhe
shpërndarja e "
@@ -2216,18 +2440,29 @@
# type: Content of: <div><div>
#. TRANSLATORS: Use space (SPC) as msgstr if you don't want credits.
+#. type: Content of: <div><div>
msgid "*GNUN-SLOT: TRANSLATOR'S CREDITS*"
msgstr " "
# type: Content of: <div><p>
#. timestamp start
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid "Updated:"
msgstr "U përditësua:"
# type: Content of: <div><h4>
+#. type: Content of: <div><h4>
msgid "Translations of this page"
msgstr "Përkthime të kësaj faqeje"
+# type: Content of: <blockquote><p>
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "If I am not for myself, who will be for me?<br /> If I am only for "
+#~ "myself, what am I?<br /> If not now, when?"
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "Po nuk mendova për veten, kush do të mendojë për mua?<br /> Nëse
mendoj "
+#~ "vetëm për veten, ç'jam?<br /> Po qe se jo sot, kur?"
+
# type: Content of: <p>
#~ msgid ""
#~ "Between 1996 and 1998, another non-free <acronym title=\"Graphical User "
Index: gnu/po/thegnuproject.tr.po
===================================================================
RCS file: /web/www/www/gnu/po/thegnuproject.tr.po,v
retrieving revision 1.7
retrieving revision 1.8
diff -u -b -r1.7 -r1.8
--- gnu/po/thegnuproject.tr.po 13 Nov 2010 01:28:46 -0000 1.7
+++ gnu/po/thegnuproject.tr.po 9 Jul 2011 16:28:44 -0000 1.8
@@ -11,7 +11,7 @@
msgid ""
msgstr ""
"Project-Id-Version: thegnuproject.html\n"
-"POT-Creation-Date: 2010-11-12 20:27-0500\n"
+"POT-Creation-Date: 2011-07-09 12:28-0300\n"
"PO-Revision-Date: 2010-01-11 17:40+0100\n"
"Last-Translator: Tahir Emre Kalaycı <address@hidden>\n"
"Language-Team: Turkish <address@hidden>\n"
@@ -21,18 +21,22 @@
"Plural-Forms: nplurals=1; plural=0;\n"
# type: Content of: <title>
+#. type: Content of: <title>
msgid "About the GNU Project - GNU Project - Free Software Foundation (FSF)"
msgstr "GNU Projesi Hakkında - GNU Projesi - Ãzgür Yazılım Vakfı (FSF)"
# type: Attribute 'content' of: <meta>
+#. type: Attribute 'content' of: <meta>
msgid "GNU, GNU Project, FSF, Free Software, Free Software Foundation, History"
msgstr "GNU, GNU Projesi, FSF, Ãzgür Yazılım, Ãzgür Yazılım Vakfı,
Tarihçe"
# type: Content of: <h2>
+#. type: Content of: <h2>
msgid "The GNU Project"
msgstr "GNU Projesi"
# type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <p>
msgid ""
"by <a href=\"http://www.stallman.org/\";><strong>Richard Stallman</strong></a>"
msgstr ""
@@ -40,6 +44,7 @@
"strong></a>"
# type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <p>
#, fuzzy
#| msgid "originally published in the book “Open Sources”"
msgid ""
@@ -47,10 +52,12 @@
msgstr "\"Açık Kaynaklar\" kitabında yayınlanmıÅtır"
# type: Content of: <h3>
+#. type: Content of: <h3>
msgid "The first software-sharing community"
msgstr "Ä°lk yazılım paylaÅma topluluÄu"
# type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <p>
#, fuzzy
#| msgid ""
#| "When I started working at the <abbr title=\"Massachusetts Institute of "
@@ -75,6 +82,7 @@
"eski olması gibi. Ancak bunu çok iyi bir Åekilde baÅardık. "
# type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <p>
#, fuzzy
#| msgid ""
#| "The AI Lab used a timesharing operating system called <abbr title="
@@ -101,6 +109,7 @@
"geliÅtirmekti."
# type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <p>
msgid ""
"We did not call our software “free software”, because that term "
"did not yet exist; but that is what it was. Whenever people from another "
@@ -118,6 +127,7 @@
"parçalayıp baÅka Åekilde birleÅtirirsiniz."
# type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <p>
#, fuzzy
#| msgid ""
#| "(1) The use of “hacker” to mean “security "
@@ -139,10 +149,12 @@
"olmayı seven kimseâ tanımını kullanmayı tercih ederiz"
# type: Content of: <h3>
+#. type: Content of: <h3>
msgid "The collapse of the community"
msgstr "TopluluÄun ÃöküÅü"
# type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <p>
#, fuzzy
#| msgid ""
#| "The situation changed drastically in the early 1980s when Digital "
@@ -164,6 +176,7 @@
"bütün programların geçersiz hale gelmesiydi."
# type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <p>
#, fuzzy
#| msgid ""
#| "The AI lab hacker community had already collapsed, not long before. In "
@@ -192,6 +205,7 @@
"kullanmaya karar verdi. "
# type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <p>
msgid ""
"The modern computers of the era, such as the VAX or the 68020, had their own "
"operating systems, but none of them were free software: you had to sign a "
@@ -203,6 +217,7 @@
"imzalamanız gerekliydi."
# type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <p>
msgid ""
"This meant that the first step in using a computer was to promise not to "
"help your neighbor. A cooperating community was forbidden. The rule made "
@@ -218,6 +233,7 @@
"edin.â"
# type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <p>
#, fuzzy
#| msgid ""
#| "The idea that the proprietary-software social system—the system "
@@ -251,6 +267,7 @@
"uzun ve zorlu bir çalıÅma yürütmüÅlerdir. "
# type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <p>
#, fuzzy
#| msgid ""
#| "When software publishers talk about “enforcing” their “"
@@ -274,6 +291,7 @@
"yormadan bunları kabul etmesi beklenmektedir. Åimdi bunları inceleyelim. "
# type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <p>
msgid ""
"One assumption is that software companies have an unquestionable natural "
"right to own software and thus have power over all its users. (If this were "
@@ -291,6 +309,7 @@
"hükümet tarafından dayatılan yapay bir tekeldir."
# type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <p>
msgid ""
"Another unstated assumption is that the only important thing about software "
"is what jobs it allows you to do—that we computer users should not "
@@ -301,6 +320,7 @@
"topluluklara sahip olmaya izinli olduÄumuza aldırmamalıyız."
# type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <p>
msgid ""
"A third assumption is that we would have no usable software (or would never "
"have a program to do this or that particular job) if we did not offer a "
@@ -316,6 +336,7 @@
"görünmüŠolabilir."
# type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <p>
#, fuzzy
#| msgid ""
#| "If we decline to accept these assumptions, and judge these issues based "
@@ -337,6 +358,7 @@
"çünkü diÄer insanlara yardımcı olmak toplumun temelidir."
# type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <p>
msgid ""
"There is no room here for an extensive statement of the reasoning behind "
"this conclusion, so I refer the reader to the web page, <a href=\"/"
@@ -347,10 +369,12 @@
"philosophy/why-free.html</a> sayfasını öneririm."
# type: Content of: <h3>
+#. type: Content of: <h3>
msgid "A stark moral choice."
msgstr "Yalın Ahlaki Seçim"
# type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <p>
msgid ""
"With my community gone, to continue as before was impossible. Instead, I "
"faced a stark moral choice."
@@ -359,6 +383,7 @@
"Bunun yerine, bir yalın ahlaki seçimle karÅı karÅıya geldim."
# type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <p>
msgid ""
"The easy choice was to join the proprietary software world, signing "
"nondisclosure agreements and promising not to help my fellow hacker. Most "
@@ -373,6 +398,7 @@
"ihanet etmesine iliÅkin baskıyı arttıracaktım."
# type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <p>
msgid ""
"I could have made money this way, and perhaps amused myself writing code. "
"But I knew that at the end of my career, I would look back on years of "
@@ -385,6 +411,7 @@
"geçirmiÅ olduÄumu fark edecektim. "
# type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <p>
#, fuzzy
#| msgid ""
#| "I had already experienced being on the receiving end of a nondisclosure "
@@ -411,6 +438,7 @@
"vazgeçip, arkamı dönüp ben de aynı Åeyi bir baÅkasına yapamazdım."
# type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <p>
msgid ""
"Another choice, straightforward but unpleasant, was to leave the computer "
"field. That way my skills would not be misused, but they would still be "
@@ -423,6 +451,7 @@
"suçlamayı hak etmeyecektim ama bu, bir Åekilde gerçekleÅecekti."
# type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <p>
msgid ""
"So I looked for a way that a programmer could do something for the good. I "
"asked myself, was there a program or programs that I could write, so as to "
@@ -433,6 +462,7 @@
"yazabilip yazamayacaÄımı sordum."
# type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <p>
msgid ""
"The answer was clear: what was needed first was an operating system. That "
"is the crucial software for starting to use a computer. With an operating "
@@ -451,6 +481,7 @@
"bilgisayarı kullanabilir. "
# type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <p>
#, fuzzy
#| msgid ""
#| "As an operating system developer, I had the right skills for this job. "
@@ -475,6 +506,7 @@
"takiben özyineli bir isim olan GNU ismi - GNU's Not Unix - seçilmiÅti."
# type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <p>
#, fuzzy
#| msgid ""
#| "An operating system does not mean just a kernel, barely enough to run "
@@ -498,24 +530,31 @@
"vardı. GNU iÅletim sistemi de bunları içerecekti."
# type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <p>
msgid "Later I heard these words, attributed to Hillel (1):"
msgstr "Daha sonra Hillelâe atfedilen (1) Åu sözleri duydum:"
-# type: Content of: <blockquote><p>
-msgid ""
-"If I am not for myself, who will be for me?<br /> If I am only for myself, "
-"what am I?<br /> If not now, when?"
+#. type: Content of: <blockquote><p>
+msgid "If I am not for myself, who will be for me?"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <blockquote><p>
+msgid "If I am only for myself, what am I?"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <blockquote><p>
+msgid "If not now, when?"
msgstr ""
-"Ben kendim için deÄilsem, benim için olacak kimdir?<br /> Ben yalnızca "
-"kendim içinsem, ben neyim?<br /> Åimdi deÄilse, ne zaman?"
# type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <p>
#, fuzzy
#| msgid "The decision to start the GNU project was based on a similar spirit."
msgid "The decision to start the GNU Project was based on a similar spirit."
msgstr "GNU projesini baÅlatma kararı benzer bir ruhu esas almaktadır."
# type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <p>
msgid ""
"(1) As an Atheist, I don't follow any religious leaders, but I sometimes "
"find I admire something one of them has said."
@@ -524,10 +563,12 @@
"birinin söylediÄi bir sözü beÄendiÄimi fark ediyorum."
# type: Content of: <h3>
+#. type: Content of: <h3>
msgid "Free as in freedom"
msgstr "\"Free Software\"'deki âFreeâ Ãzgürlük Anlamındadır"
# type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <p>
#, fuzzy
#| msgid ""
#| "The term “free software” is sometimes misunderstood—it "
@@ -547,16 +588,19 @@
"program özgür bir yazılımdır:"
# type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <p>
msgid "A program is free software, for you, a particular user, if:"
msgstr ""
# type: Content of: <ul><li>
+#. type: Content of: <ul><li>
#, fuzzy
#| msgid "You have the freedom to run the program, for any purpose."
msgid "You have the freedom to run the program as you wish, for any purpose."
msgstr "Herhangi bir amaçla programı çalıÅtırma özgürlüÄüne
sahipseniz."
# type: Content of: <ul><li>
+#. type: Content of: <ul><li>
msgid ""
"You have the freedom to modify the program to suit your needs. (To make "
"this freedom effective in practice, you must have access to the source code, "
@@ -569,6 +613,7 @@
"deÄiÅiklikler yapmak aÅırı zordur.) "
# type: Content of: <ul><li>
+#. type: Content of: <ul><li>
msgid ""
"You have the freedom to redistribute copies, either gratis or for a fee."
msgstr ""
@@ -576,6 +621,7 @@
"daÄıtma özgürlüÄüne sahipseniz."
# type: Content of: <ul><li>
+#. type: Content of: <ul><li>
msgid ""
"You have the freedom to distribute modified versions of the program, so that "
"the community can benefit from your improvements."
@@ -584,6 +630,7 @@
"sürümlerini daÄıtma özgürlüÄüne sahipseniz."
# type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <p>
msgid ""
"Since “free” refers to freedom, not to price, there is no "
"contradiction between selling copies and free software. In fact, the "
@@ -601,6 +648,7 @@
"yazılım deÄildir. "
# type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <p>
#, fuzzy
#| msgid ""
#| "Because of the ambiguity of “free”, people have long looked "
@@ -629,10 +677,12 @@
"ve âaçıkâ yanlıŠbir anlama ya da baÅka bazı dezavantajlara
sahiptir."
# type: Content of: <h3>
+#. type: Content of: <h3>
msgid "GNU software and the GNU system"
msgstr "GNU Yazılımı ve GNU Sistemi"
# type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <p>
msgid ""
"Developing a whole system is a very large project. To bring it into reach, "
"I decided to adapt and use existing pieces of free software wherever that "
@@ -647,6 +697,7 @@
"yazmak yerine X Window Sistemini kullanmaya karar verdim."
# type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <p>
msgid ""
"Because of this decision, the GNU system is not the same as the collection "
"of all GNU software. The GNU system includes programs that are not GNU "
@@ -659,10 +710,12 @@
"için kullanabildiÄimiz programları içerir. "
# type: Content of: <h3>
+#. type: Content of: <h3>
msgid "Commencing the project"
msgstr "Projenin BaÅlatılması"
# type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <p>
#, fuzzy
#| msgid ""
#| "In January 1984 I quit my job at <abbr>MIT</abbr> and began writing GNU "
@@ -694,6 +747,7 @@
"paylaÅım topluluÄu oluÅturmaktı."
# type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <p>
#, fuzzy
#| msgid ""
#| "However, Professor Winston, then the head of the <abbr>MIT</abbr> AI Lab, "
@@ -707,10 +761,12 @@
"kullanmaya devam etmem yönünde teÅvik etti. "
# type: Content of: <h3>
+#. type: Content of: <h3>
msgid "The first steps"
msgstr "İlk Adımlar"
# type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <p>
#, fuzzy
#| msgid ""
#| "Shortly before beginning the GNU project, I heard about the Free "
@@ -733,6 +789,7 @@
"için yazarına yazdım. "
# type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <p>
#, fuzzy
#| msgid ""
#| "He responded derisively, stating that the university was free but the "
@@ -748,6 +805,7 @@
"dilli çok platformlu bir derleyici olmasına karar verdim."
# type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <p>
#, fuzzy
#| msgid ""
#| "Hoping to avoid the need to write the whole compiler myself, I obtained "
@@ -779,6 +837,7 @@
"bundan vazgeçtim."
# type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <p>
msgid ""
"I then realized that the Pastel compiler functioned by parsing the entire "
"input file into a syntax tree, converting the whole syntax tree into a chain "
@@ -799,10 +858,12 @@
"sonra gerçekleÅtirdim; ilk olarak, GNU Emacs üzerinde çalıÅtım."
# type: Content of: <h3>
+#. type: Content of: <h3>
msgid "GNU Emacs"
msgstr "GNU Emacs"
# type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <p>
msgid ""
"I began work on GNU Emacs in September 1984, and in early 1985 it was "
"beginning to be usable. This enabled me to begin using Unix systems to do "
@@ -816,6 +877,7 @@
"iÅlemlerimi diÄer makineler üzerinde gerçekleÅtirmiÅtim."
# type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <p>
msgid ""
"At this point, people began wanting to use GNU Emacs, which raised the "
"question of how to distribute it. Of course, I put it on the anonymous ftp "
@@ -837,6 +899,7 @@
"diyecektim?"
# type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <p>
#, fuzzy
#| msgid ""
#| "I could have said, “Find a friend who is on the net and who will "
@@ -869,10 +932,12 @@
"daÄıtan firmalar için öncü oldum. "
# type: Content of: <h3>
+#. type: Content of: <h3>
msgid "Is a program free for every user?"
msgstr "Bir program her kullanıcı için özgür müdür?"
# type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <p>
msgid ""
"If a program is free software when it leaves the hands of its author, this "
"does not necessarily mean it will be free software for everyone who has a "
@@ -892,6 +957,7 @@
"altında daÄıtılmıÅtır."
# type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <p>
#, fuzzy
#| msgid ""
#| "The paradigmatic example of this problem is the X Window System. "
@@ -915,6 +981,7 @@
"Unixâin olduÄundan daha fazla özgür yazılım deÄildir."
# type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <p>
#, fuzzy
#| msgid ""
#| "The developers of the X Window System did not consider this a "
@@ -935,6 +1002,7 @@
"deÄildi, tek istedikleri çok sayıda kullanıcıya sahip olmaktı. "
# type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <p>
#, fuzzy
#| msgid ""
#| "This led to a paradoxical situation where two different ways of counting "
@@ -964,10 +1032,12 @@
"kullanmaktadır, özgür sürümü kullanmamaktadır."
# type: Content of: <h3>
+#. type: Content of: <h3>
msgid "Copyleft and the GNU GPL"
msgstr "Copyleft ve GNU GPL"
# type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <p>
msgid ""
"The goal of GNU was to give users freedom, not just to be popular. So we "
"needed to use distribution terms that would prevent GNU software from being "
@@ -980,6 +1050,7 @@
"copyleft yöntemidir. (1)"
# type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <p>
#, fuzzy
#| msgid ""
#| "Copyleft uses copyright law, but flips it over to serve the opposite of "
@@ -995,6 +1066,7 @@
"özgür tutmanın bir yolu haline gelir. "
# type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <p>
msgid ""
"The central idea of copyleft is that we give everyone permission to run the "
"program, copy the program, modify the program, and distribute modified "
@@ -1009,6 +1081,7 @@
"alınamaz bir haktır. "
# type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <p>
msgid ""
"For an effective copyleft, modified versions must also be free. This "
"ensures that work based on ours becomes available to our community if it is "
@@ -1025,6 +1098,7 @@
"için bu deÄiÅiklikleri kullanacaÄımâ denmesini önler. "
# type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <p>
msgid ""
"The requirement that changes must be free is essential if we want to ensure "
"freedom for every user of the program. The companies that privatized the X "
@@ -1042,6 +1116,7 @@
"iliÅkin bir özürse, herkesin bu bahaneden yararlanması kolaydır. "
# type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <p>
#, fuzzy
#| msgid ""
#| "A related issue concerns combining a free program with non-free code. "
@@ -1070,6 +1145,7 @@
"sürümün de özgür ve copyleft olmasını gerektirecektir. "
# type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <p>
msgid ""
"The specific implementation of copyleft that we use for most GNU software is "
"the GNU General Public License, or GNU GPL for short. We have other kinds "
@@ -1084,6 +1160,7 @@
"kullanırlar çünkü GNU GPLânin karmaÅıklıÄı kılavuzlar için
gerekmez. (2)"
# type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <p>
msgid ""
"(1) In 1984 or 1985, Don Hopkins (a very imaginative fellow) mailed me a "
"letter. On the envelope he had written several amusing sayings, including "
@@ -1098,6 +1175,7 @@
"için kullanmıÅtım."
# type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <p>
msgid ""
"(2) We now use the <a href=\"/licenses/fdl.html\">GNU Free Documentation "
"License</a> for documentation."
@@ -1106,10 +1184,12 @@
"Lisansı</a>nı kullanıyoruz."
# type: Content of: <h3>
+#. type: Content of: <h3>
msgid "The Free Software Foundation"
msgstr "Ãzgür Yazılım Vakfı"
# type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <p>
#, fuzzy
#| msgid ""
#| "As interest in using Emacs was growing, other people became involved in "
@@ -1138,6 +1218,7 @@
"geniÅletti."
# type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <p>
#, fuzzy
#| msgid ""
#| "The <abbr>FSF</abbr> accepts donations, but most of its income has always "
@@ -1164,6 +1245,7 @@
"yazılım koleksiyonu yer alıyor) satmaktadır. "
# type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <p>
#, fuzzy
#| msgid ""
#| "Free Software Foundation employees have written and maintained a number "
@@ -1193,6 +1275,7 @@
"tarafından geliÅtirilmiÅtir."
# type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <p>
#, fuzzy
#| msgid ""
#| "We funded development of these programs because the GNU project was not "
@@ -1208,6 +1291,7 @@
"iÅletim sistemiydi ve bu programlar söz konusu hedef için gerekliydi."
# type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <p>
msgid ""
"(1) “Bourne Again Shell” is a play on the name “Bourne "
"Shell”, which was the usual shell on Unix."
@@ -1216,10 +1300,12 @@
"Unixâteki genel kabuktur."
# type: Content of: <h3>
+#. type: Content of: <h3>
msgid "Free software support"
msgstr "Ãzgür Yazılım DesteÄi"
# type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <p>
msgid ""
"The free software philosophy rejects a specific widespread business "
"practice, but it is not against business. When businesses respect the "
@@ -1230,6 +1316,7 @@
"duyduÄunda, onlara baÅarı dileriz."
# type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <p>
#, fuzzy
#| msgid ""
#| "Selling copies of Emacs demonstrates one kind of free software business. "
@@ -1256,6 +1343,7 @@
"konular için eÄitim vermeyi de içermektedir. "
# type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <p>
msgid ""
"Today each of these kinds of free software business is practiced by a number "
"of corporations. Some distribute free software collections on CD-ROM; "
@@ -1272,6 +1360,7 @@
"görmeye baÅladık bile."
# type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <p>
#, fuzzy
#| msgid ""
#| "Watch out, though—a number of companies that associate themselves "
@@ -1302,10 +1391,12 @@
"olarak adlandırmalıyız. "
# type: Content of: <h3>
+#. type: Content of: <h3>
msgid "Technical goals"
msgstr "Teknik hedefler"
# type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <p>
#, fuzzy
#| msgid ""
#| "The principal goal of GNU was to be free software. Even if GNU had no "
@@ -1323,6 +1414,7 @@
"saygı duyar."
# type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <p>
msgid ""
"But it was natural to apply the known standards of good practice to the "
"work—for example, dynamically allocating data structures to avoid "
@@ -1335,6 +1427,7 @@
"olan tüm 8-bitli kodların kontrol edilmesi gibi."
# type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <p>
msgid ""
"In addition, we rejected the Unix focus on small memory size, by deciding "
"not to support 16-bit machines (it was clear that 32-bit machines would be "
@@ -1353,6 +1446,7 @@
"taramasını saÄladık."
# type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <p>
msgid ""
"These decisions enabled many GNU programs to surpass their Unix counterparts "
"in reliability and speed."
@@ -1361,10 +1455,12 @@
"açısından geçmesini mümkün kılmıÅtır."
# type: Content of: <h3>
+#. type: Content of: <h3>
msgid "Donated computers"
msgstr "BaÄıÅlanan Bilgisayarlar"
# type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <p>
#, fuzzy
#| msgid ""
#| "As the GNU project's reputation grew, people began offering to donate "
@@ -1388,6 +1484,7 @@
"kopyasına sahip olmamız doÄru mudur?"
# type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <p>
#, fuzzy
#| msgid ""
#| "Unix was (and is) proprietary software, and the GNU project's philosophy "
@@ -1411,6 +1508,7 @@
"programı kullanabilmek için özel mülk paketin kullanılması
mantıklıdır. "
# type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <p>
msgid ""
"But, even if this was a justifiable evil, it was still an evil. Today we no "
"longer have any copies of Unix, because we have replaced them with free "
@@ -1424,10 +1522,12 @@
"deÄiÅtirirdik."
# type: Content of: <h3>
+#. type: Content of: <h3>
msgid "The GNU Task List"
msgstr "GNU Görev Listesi"
# type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <p>
#, fuzzy
#| msgid ""
#| "As the GNU project proceeded, and increasing numbers of system components "
@@ -1454,6 +1554,7 @@
"düÅündüÄümüz diÄer yararlı yazılım ve belgeleme projelerini
listeledik. "
# type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <p>
#, fuzzy
#| msgid ""
#| "Today, hardly any Unix components are left in the GNU task list—"
@@ -1475,6 +1576,7 @@
"program, iÅletim sistemine eklenecek yararlı bir birimdir."
# type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <p>
msgid ""
"Even games are included in the task list—and have been since the "
"beginning. Unix included games, so naturally GNU should too. But "
@@ -1489,6 +1591,7 @@
"oyun tipi çeÅitlerini listeledik. "
# type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <p>
msgid ""
"(1) That was written in 1998. In 2009 we no longer maintain a long task "
"list. The community develops free software so fast that we can't even keep "
@@ -1497,10 +1600,12 @@
msgstr ""
# type: Content of: <h3>
+#. type: Content of: <h3>
msgid "The GNU Library GPL"
msgstr "GNU Kütüphane GPL"
# type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <p>
msgid ""
"The GNU C library uses a special kind of copyleft called the GNU Library "
"General Public License(1), which gives permission to link proprietary "
@@ -1511,6 +1616,7 @@
"özel bir copyleft tipini kullanmaktadır. Bu istisnai durumun nedeni nedir?"
# type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <p>
msgid ""
"It is not a matter of principle; there is no principle that says proprietary "
"software products are entitled to include our code. (Why contribute to a "
@@ -1523,6 +1629,7 @@
"kütüphane için LGPL kullanılması bir strateji hususudur. "
# type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <p>
msgid ""
"The C library does a generic job; every proprietary system or compiler comes "
"with a C library. Therefore, to make our C library available only to free "
@@ -1535,6 +1642,7 @@
"yalnızca kütüphanemizin kullanımını engelleyecektir."
# type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <p>
#, fuzzy
#| msgid ""
#| "One system is an exception to this: on the GNU system (and this includes "
@@ -1564,6 +1672,7 @@
"kıracaktır. "
# type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <p>
#, fuzzy
#| msgid ""
#| "That is why using the Library GPL is a good strategy for the C library. "
@@ -1589,6 +1698,7 @@
"özel mülk yazılıma karÅı onlara bir avantaj saÄlayacaktır."
# type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <p>
#, fuzzy
#| msgid ""
#| "Consider GNU Readline, a library that was developed to provide command-"
@@ -1614,6 +1724,7 @@
"için gerçek bir kazançtır. "
# type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <p>
msgid ""
"Proprietary software developers have the advantages money provides; free "
"software developers need to make advantages for each other. I hope some day "
@@ -1631,20 +1742,29 @@
"saÄlayacaklar."
# type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "(1) This license is now called the GNU Lesser General Public License, to "
+#| "avoid giving the idea that all libraries ought to use it. <a href=\"/"
+#| "philosophy/why-not-lgpl.html\"></a>."
msgid ""
"(1) This license is now called the GNU Lesser General Public License, to "
-"avoid giving the idea that all libraries ought to use it. <a href=\"/"
-"philosophy/why-not-lgpl.html\"></a>."
+"avoid giving the idea that all libraries ought to use it. See <a href=\"/"
+"philosophy/why-not-lgpl.html\">Why you shouldn't use the Lesser GPL for your "
+"next library</a> for more information."
msgstr ""
"(1) Bu lisans Åimdi GNU Kısıtlı Genel Kamu Lisansı adını almıÅtır, "
"kütüphanelerin onu kullanması gerektiÄi fikrini vermemek için.<a
href=\"/"
"philosophy/why-not-lgpl.html\">Ayrıntılı Bilgi İçin</a>."
# type: Content of: <h3>
+#. type: Content of: <h3>
msgid "Scratching an itch?"
msgstr "Arzuyu kaÅımak?"
# type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <p>
msgid ""
"Eric Raymond says that “Every good work of software starts by "
"scratching a developer's personal itch.” Maybe that happens sometimes, "
@@ -1659,6 +1779,7 @@
"plandan gelmektedir, bir dürtüden deÄil. "
# type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <p>
#, fuzzy
#| msgid ""
#| "For example, we developed the GNU C library because a Unix-like system "
@@ -1680,6 +1801,7 @@
"derleyicisi, GNU Emacs, GDB ve GNU Make. "
# type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <p>
#, fuzzy
#| msgid ""
#| "Some GNU programs were developed to cope with specific threats to our "
@@ -1714,6 +1836,7 @@
"arasında bir tercih yapmak zorunda kalmamalıdır."
# type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <p>
msgid ""
"Of course, the people writing these programs became interested in the work, "
"and many features were added to them by various people for the sake of their "
@@ -1724,10 +1847,12 @@
"birçok özellik eklenmiÅtir. Ancak programların var olma nedeni bu
deÄildir."
# type: Content of: <h3>
+#. type: Content of: <h3>
msgid "Unexpected developments"
msgstr "Beklenmedik geliÅmeler"
# type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <p>
#, fuzzy
#| msgid ""
#| "At the beginning of the GNU project, I imagined that we would develop the "
@@ -1742,6 +1867,7 @@
"durum böyle olmadı."
# type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <p>
#, fuzzy
#| msgid ""
#| "Since each component of the GNU system was implemented on a Unix system, "
@@ -1763,6 +1889,7 @@
"sistemlere geniÅletmeye ve taÅımaya baÅladı."
# type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <p>
#, fuzzy
#| msgid ""
#| "The process made these programs much more powerful, and attracted both "
@@ -1787,10 +1914,12 @@
"özelliklerin eklenmesine harcandı."
# type: Content of: <h3>
+#. type: Content of: <h3>
msgid "The GNU Hurd"
msgstr "GNU Hurd"
# type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <p>
#, fuzzy
#| msgid ""
#| "By 1990, the GNU system was almost complete; the only major missing "
@@ -1821,6 +1950,7 @@
"baÅlaması gecikti."
# type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <p>
#, fuzzy
#| msgid ""
#| "One reason for choosing this design was to avoid what seemed to be the "
@@ -1850,10 +1980,12 @@
"çalıÅmasının gerçekleÅtirilmesi yıllara yayıldı."
# type: Content of: <h3>
+#. type: Content of: <h3>
msgid "Alix"
msgstr "Alix"
# type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <p>
#, fuzzy
#| msgid ""
#| "The GNU kernel was not originally supposed to be called the HURD. Its "
@@ -1879,6 +2011,7 @@
"çekirdeÄe Alix adını vererek ona sürpriz yapmaya karar verdim."
# type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <p>
#, fuzzy
#| msgid ""
#| "It did not stay that way. Michael Bushnell (now Thomas), the main "
@@ -1897,6 +2030,7 @@
"alan ve Hurd sunucularına mesaj göndererek kontrol eden kısımdır. "
# type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <p>
#, fuzzy
#| msgid ""
#| "Ultimately, Alix and I broke up, and she changed her name; independently, "
@@ -1914,6 +2048,7 @@
"çıkarılmasına neden oldu. "
# type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <p>
#, fuzzy
#| msgid ""
#| "But before these things happened, a friend of hers came across the name "
@@ -1929,10 +2064,12 @@
"gerçekleÅtirmiÅ oldu."
# type: Content of: <h3>
+#. type: Content of: <h3>
msgid "Linux and GNU/Linux"
msgstr "Linux ve GNU/Linux"
# type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <p>
msgid ""
"The GNU Hurd is not suitable for production use, and we don't know if it "
"ever will be. The capability-based design has problems that result directly "
@@ -1940,6 +2077,7 @@
msgstr ""
# type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <p>
#, fuzzy
#| msgid ""
#| "The GNU Hurd is not ready for production use. Fortunately, another "
@@ -1965,6 +2103,7 @@
"çalıÅtırılması Linux sayesindedir. "
# type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <p>
msgid ""
"We call this system version GNU/Linux, to express its composition as a "
"combination of the GNU system with Linux as the kernel."
@@ -1973,10 +2112,12 @@
"için bu sistemi GNU/Linux olarak adlandırırız. "
# type: Content of: <h3>
+#. type: Content of: <h3>
msgid "Challenges in our future"
msgstr "GeleceÄimizde Ortaya Ãıkabilecek Sorunlar"
# type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <p>
msgid ""
"We have proved our ability to develop a broad spectrum of free software. "
"This does not mean we are invincible and unstoppable. Several challenges "
@@ -1994,14 +2135,17 @@
"kararlılık göstermesini gerektirecektir."
# type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <p>
msgid "The following four sections discuss these challenges."
msgstr "AÅaÄıdaki dört bölüm bu hususları açıklamaktadır."
# type: Content of: <h3>
+#. type: Content of: <h3>
msgid "Secret hardware"
msgstr "Gizli Donanım"
# type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <p>
msgid ""
"Hardware manufacturers increasingly tend to keep hardware specifications "
"secret. This makes it difficult to write free drivers so that Linux and "
@@ -2015,6 +2159,7 @@
"destekleyemezsek, yarın bunlara da sahip olamayacaÄız. "
# type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <p>
msgid ""
"There are two ways to cope with this problem. Programmers can do reverse "
"engineering to figure out how to support the hardware. The rest of us can "
@@ -2028,6 +2173,7 @@
"kendi kendine terk edilen bir politika haline gelecektir."
# type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <p>
#, fuzzy
#| msgid ""
#| "Reverse engineering is a big job; will we have programmers with "
@@ -2052,6 +2198,7 @@
"özgürlüÄe sahip olma kararlılıÄı yaygınsa bu olabilir."
# type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <p>
msgid ""
"(2008 note: this issue extends to the BIOS as well. There is a free BIOS, "
"coreboot; the problem is getting specs for machines so that coreboot can "
@@ -2062,12 +2209,14 @@
"belirtimlerini elde etmektir.)"
# type: Content of: <h3>
+#. type: Content of: <h3>
#, fuzzy
#| msgid "Non-free libraries"
msgid "Nonfree libraries"
msgstr "Ãzgür olmayan Kütüphaneler"
# type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <p>
#, fuzzy
#| msgid ""
#| "A non-free library that runs on free operating systems acts as a trap for "
@@ -2096,6 +2245,7 @@
"diÄer programcıları da tuzaÄa düÅürebilir. "
# type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <p>
#, fuzzy
#| msgid ""
#| "The first instance of this problem was the Motif toolkit, back in the "
@@ -2126,6 +2276,7 @@
"birçok Motif uygulamasını desteklemek için yeterince güçlü hale geldi."
# type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <p>
#, fuzzy
#| msgid ""
#| "Between 1996 and 1998, another non-free <abbr title=\"Graphical User "
@@ -2144,6 +2295,7 @@
"<acronym title=\"K Desktop Environment\">KDE</acronym>) kullanıldı. "
# type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <p>
#, fuzzy
#| msgid ""
#| "Free GNU/Linux systems were unable to use <acronym>KDE</acronym>, because "
@@ -2173,6 +2325,7 @@
"inanmadılar. Bu durum korkutucu görünüyordu."
# type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <p>
#, fuzzy
#| msgid ""
#| "The free software community responded to the problem in two ways: "
@@ -2185,6 +2338,7 @@
"acronym> ve Harmony."
# type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <p>
#, fuzzy
#| msgid ""
#| "<acronym>GNOME</acronym>, the GNU Network Object Model Environment, is "
@@ -2211,6 +2365,7 @@
"Ancak temel amacı özgürlüktür: özgür olmayan hiçbir yazılıma
ihtiyaç duymaz. "
# type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <p>
#, fuzzy
#| msgid ""
#| "Harmony is a compatible replacement library, designed to make it possible "
@@ -2224,6 +2379,7 @@
"tasarlanmıÅtır."
# type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <p>
#, fuzzy
#| msgid ""
#| "In November 1998, the developers of Qt announced a change of license "
@@ -2247,6 +2403,7 @@
"nedenle, Qtânin kullanımının önlenmesi istenmektedir.)"
# type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <p>
msgid ""
"[Subsequent note: in September 2000, Qt was rereleased under the GNU GPL, "
"which essentially solved this problem.]"
@@ -2255,6 +2412,7 @@
"çözülmüÅtür.]"
# type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <p>
#, fuzzy
#| msgid ""
#| "How will we respond to the next tempting non-free library? Will the whole "
@@ -2273,10 +2431,12 @@
"ortaya çıkacak? GeleceÄimiz felsefemize baÄlıdır."
# type: Content of: <h3>
+#. type: Content of: <h3>
msgid "Software patents"
msgstr "Yazılım Patentleri"
# type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <p>
#, fuzzy
#| msgid ""
#| "The worst threat we face comes from software patents, which can put "
@@ -2307,6 +2467,7 @@
"üreten özgür bir program daÄıtımdan kaldırılmıÅtı."
# type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <p>
msgid ""
"There are ways to cope with patents: we can search for evidence that a "
"patent is invalid, and we can look for alternative ways to do a job. But "
@@ -2322,6 +2483,7 @@
"zorlayabilir. Bu durum meydana geldiÄinde ne yapacaÄız?"
# type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <p>
#, fuzzy
#| msgid ""
#| "Those of us who value free software for freedom's sake will stay with "
@@ -2352,10 +2514,12 @@
"durmamalıyız. Ãzgürlük ve ilke hakkında konuÅmalıyız."
# type: Content of: <h3>
+#. type: Content of: <h3>
msgid "Free documentation"
msgstr "Ãzgür Belgeleme"
# type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <p>
msgid ""
"The biggest deficiency in our free operating systems is not in the "
"software—it is the lack of good free manuals that we can include in "
@@ -2370,6 +2534,7 @@
"verilmediÄinde, bu büyük bir eksiktir. Günümüzde bu gibi eksiklerimiz
vardır."
# type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <p>
#, fuzzy
#| msgid ""
#| "Free documentation, like free software, is a matter of freedom, not "
@@ -2392,6 +2557,7 @@
"kılavuz, programın her kopyasıyla birlikte verilebilir."
# type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <p>
msgid ""
"Permission for modification is crucial too. As a general rule, I don't "
"believe that it is essential for people to have permission to modify all "
@@ -2405,6 +2571,7 @@
"makaleleri deÄiÅtirmek için izin vermek zorunda olduÄumuzu sanmıyorum."
# type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <p>
#, fuzzy
#| msgid ""
#| "But there is a particular reason why the freedom to modify is crucial for "
@@ -2433,6 +2600,7 @@
"karÅılamaz."
# type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <p>
#, fuzzy
#| msgid ""
#| "Some kinds of limits on how modifications are done pose no problem. For "
@@ -2471,6 +2639,7 @@
"da deÄiÅtirilemeyen kısımlara sahip olma konusunda bir problem yoktur. "
# type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <p>
msgid ""
"However, it must be possible to modify all the <em>technical</em> content of "
"the manual, and then distribute the result in all the usual media, through "
@@ -2483,6 +2652,7 @@
"özgür deÄildir ve baÅka bir kılavuza ihtiyaç duyarız."
# type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <p>
msgid ""
"Will free software developers have the awareness and determination to "
"produce a full spectrum of free manuals? Once again, our future depends on "
@@ -2493,10 +2663,12 @@
"baÄlıdır."
# type: Content of: <h3>
+#. type: Content of: <h3>
msgid "We must talk about freedom"
msgstr "Ãzgürlük Hakkında KonuÅmalıyız"
# type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <p>
msgid ""
"Estimates today are that there are ten million users of GNU/Linux systems "
"such as Debian GNU/Linux and Red Hat “Linux”. Free software has "
@@ -2509,6 +2681,7 @@
"nedenlerden dolayı özgür yazılımı kullanmaktadır, uygulamaktadır."
# type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <p>
msgid ""
"The good consequences of this are evident: more interest in developing free "
"software, more customers for free software businesses, and more ability to "
@@ -2521,6 +2694,7 @@
"firmaların daha fazla cesaretlendirilmesi için olanak demektir."
# type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <p>
msgid ""
"But interest in the software is growing faster than awareness of the "
"philosophy it is based on, and this leads to trouble. Our ability to meet "
@@ -2536,6 +2710,7 @@
"gereklidir. "
# type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <p>
msgid ""
"But we are failing to do so: the efforts to attract new users into our "
"community are far outstripping the efforts to teach them the civics of our "
@@ -2548,10 +2723,12 @@
"çabayı da dengede tutmamız gereklidir."
# type: Content of: <h3>
+#. type: Content of: <h3>
msgid "“Open Source”"
msgstr "“Açık Kaynak”"
# type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <p>
msgid ""
"Teaching new users about freedom became more difficult in 1998, when a part "
"of the community decided to stop using the term “free software” "
@@ -2562,6 +2739,7 @@
"terimini kullanmaya karar verdi."
# type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <p>
#, fuzzy
#| msgid ""
#| "Some who favored this term aimed to avoid the confusion of “"
@@ -2593,6 +2771,7 @@
"toplum ve ilke fikirlerinden uzak durmaktadır."
# type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <p>
msgid ""
"The “Linux” magazines are a clear example of this—they are "
"filled with advertisements for proprietary software that works with GNU/"
@@ -2605,6 +2784,7 @@
"mı yoksa onun için reklam mı yayınlayacaklar?"
# type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <p>
msgid ""
"The support of business can contribute to the community in many ways; all "
"else being equal, it is useful. But winning their support by speaking even "
@@ -2618,6 +2798,7 @@
"kötüleÅtirecektir."
# type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <p>
msgid ""
"“Free software” and “open source” describe the same "
"category of software, more or less, but say different things about the "
@@ -2631,10 +2812,12 @@
"etmek için âözgür yazılımâ ifadesini kullanmaya devam eder."
# type: Content of: <h3>
+#. type: Content of: <h3>
msgid "Try!"
msgstr "Deneyin!"
# type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <p>
#, fuzzy
#| msgid ""
#| "Yoda's philosophy (“There is no ‘try’”) sounds "
@@ -2659,6 +2842,7 @@
"ÅaÅırtıcı bir Åekilde, bazen baÅarılı oldum."
# type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <p>
msgid ""
"Sometimes I failed; some of my cities have fallen. Then I found another "
"threatened city, and got ready for another battle. Over time, I've learned "
@@ -2671,6 +2855,7 @@
"diÄer hackerâların gelip bana katılmaları konusunda çaÄrı yaptım."
# type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <p>
msgid ""
"Nowadays, often I'm not the only one. It is a relief and a joy when I see a "
"regiment of hackers digging in to hold the line, and I realize, this city "
@@ -2688,10 +2873,12 @@
# type: Content of: <div>
#. TRANSLATORS: Use space (SPC) as msgstr if you don't have notes.
+#. type: Content of: <div>
msgid "*GNUN-SLOT: TRANSLATOR'S NOTES*"
msgstr " "
# type: Content of: <div><p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
#, fuzzy
#| msgid ""
#| "Please send FSF & GNU inquiries to <a href=\"mailto:address@hidden";
@@ -2702,9 +2889,7 @@
msgid ""
"Please send FSF & GNU inquiries to <a href=\"mailto:address@hidden";><"
"address@hidden></a>. There are also <a href=\"/contact/\">other ways to "
-"contact</a> the FSF. <br /> Please send broken links and other corrections "
-"or suggestions to <a href=\"mailto:address@hidden";><address@hidden"
-"org></a>."
+"contact</a> the FSF."
msgstr ""
"Lütfen FSF ve GNU ile ilgili sorularınızı <a href=\"mailto:address@hidden";
"\"><em>address@hidden</em></a> adresine iletin. FSF ile iletiÅim kurmanın
<a "
@@ -2713,6 +2898,26 @@
"address@hidden"><em>address@hidden</em></a> adresine gönderin."
# type: Content of: <div><p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "Please send FSF & GNU inquiries to <a href=\"mailto:address@hidden";
+#| "\"><em>address@hidden</em></a>. There are also <a
href=\"/contact/\">other "
+#| "ways to contact</a> the FSF. <br /> Please send broken links and other "
+#| "corrections (or suggestions) to <a href=\"mailto:address@hidden";
+#| "\"><em>address@hidden</em></a>."
+msgid ""
+"Please send broken links and other corrections or suggestions to <a href="
+"\"mailto:address@hidden";><address@hidden></a>."
+msgstr ""
+"Lütfen FSF ve GNU ile ilgili sorularınızı <a href=\"mailto:address@hidden";
+"\"><em>address@hidden</em></a> adresine iletin. FSF ile iletiÅim kurmanın
<a "
+"href=\"/contact/\">baÅka yolları</a> da vardır. Lütfen çalıÅmayan "
+"baÄlantıları ve baÅka düzeltmeleri veya önerilerinizi <a href=\"mailto:";
+"address@hidden"><em>address@hidden</em></a> adresine gönderin."
+
+# type: Content of: <div><p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"Please see the <a href=\"/server/standards/README.translations.html"
"\">Translations README</a> for information on coordinating and submitting "
@@ -2722,16 +2927,22 @@
"href=\"/server/standards/README.translations.html\">çeviriler hakkındakı "
"BENİOKU</a> dosyasına bakınız."
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
+msgid ""
+"Copyright © 1998, 2001, 2002, 2005, 2006, 2007, 2008, 2010 Richard "
+"Stallman"
+msgstr ""
+
# type: Content of: <div><p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
#, fuzzy
#| msgid ""
#| "Copyright © 1998, 2001, 2002, 2005, 2006, 2007 Richard Stallman <br /"
#| "> Verbatim copying and distribution of this entire article is permitted "
#| "in any medium without royalty provided this notice is preserved."
msgid ""
-"Copyright © 1998, 2001, 2002, 2005, 2006, 2007, 2008, 2010 Richard "
-"Stallman <br /> Verbatim copying and distribution of this entire article is "
-"permitted in any medium without royalty provided this notice is preserved."
+"Verbatim copying and distribution of this entire article is permitted in any "
+"medium without royalty provided this notice is preserved."
msgstr ""
"Copyright © 1998, 2001, 2002, 2005, 2006, 2007 Richard Stallman <br /> "
"Bu notun korunması koÅuluyla, makalenin birebir kopyasının, herhangi bir "
@@ -2740,6 +2951,7 @@
# type: Content of: <div><div>
#. TRANSLATORS: Use space (SPC) as msgstr if you don't want credits.
+#. type: Content of: <div><div>
msgid "*GNUN-SLOT: TRANSLATOR'S CREDITS*"
msgstr ""
"<p><strong>Ãeviriye katkıda bulunanlar:</strong></p>\n"
@@ -2776,15 +2988,25 @@
# type: Content of: <div><p>
#. timestamp start
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid "Updated:"
msgstr "Son Güncelleme:"
# type: Content of: <div><h4>
+#. type: Content of: <div><h4>
msgid "Translations of this page"
msgstr ""
"Bu sayfanın diÄer dillere <a href=\"/server/standards/README.translations."
"html\">çevirileri</a>:"
+# type: Content of: <blockquote><p>
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "If I am not for myself, who will be for me?<br /> If I am only for "
+#~ "myself, what am I?<br /> If not now, when?"
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "Ben kendim için deÄilsem, benim için olacak kimdir?<br /> Ben yalnızca
"
+#~ "kendim içinsem, ben neyim?<br /> Åimdi deÄilse, ne zaman?"
+
# type: Content of: <p>
#~ msgid ""
#~ "(1) It would have been clearer to write ‘of the “"
Index: philosophy/po/the-danger-of-ebooks.de.po
===================================================================
RCS file: /web/www/www/philosophy/po/the-danger-of-ebooks.de.po,v
retrieving revision 1.1
retrieving revision 1.2
diff -u -b -r1.1 -r1.2
--- philosophy/po/the-danger-of-ebooks.de.po 9 Jul 2011 01:08:11 -0000
1.1
+++ philosophy/po/the-danger-of-ebooks.de.po 9 Jul 2011 16:28:50 -0000
1.2
@@ -12,7 +12,7 @@
"Language-Team: German <address@hidden>\n"
"MIME-Version: 1.0\n"
"Content-Type: text/plain; charset=utf-8\n"
-"Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit"
+"Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit\n"
#. type: Content of: <title>
msgid "The Danger of E-Books - GNU Project - Free Software Foundation"
@@ -57,7 +57,9 @@
msgid ""
"The format is known, and no proprietary technology is needed to read the "
"book."
-msgstr "können gelesen werden, haben ein bekanntes Format, und es ist keine
proprietäre Technologie notwendig,"
+msgstr ""
+"können gelesen werden, haben ein bekanntes Format, und es ist keine "
+"proprietäre Technologie notwendig,"
#. type: Content of: <ul><li>
msgid "You can give, lend or sell the book to another."
Index: philosophy/the-danger-of-ebooks.de.html
===================================================================
RCS file: philosophy/the-danger-of-ebooks.de.html
diff -N philosophy/the-danger-of-ebooks.de.html
--- /dev/null 1 Jan 1970 00:00:00 -0000
+++ philosophy/the-danger-of-ebooks.de.html 9 Jul 2011 16:28:47 -0000
1.1
@@ -0,0 +1,156 @@
+
+
+<!-- Parent-Version: 1.57 -->
+<!--#include virtual="/server/header.de.html" -->
+
+<!-- This file is automatically generated by GNUnited Nations! -->
+<title>Die Gefahr von E-Büchern - GNU Projekt - Free Software
Foundation</title>
+
+<!--#include virtual="/server/banner.de.html" -->
+<h2>Die Gefahr von E-Büchern</h2>
+
+<p>In einer Zeit, in der Unternehmen unsere Regierungen dominieren und unsere
+Gesetze schreiben, bietet jeder technologische Fortschritt den Unternehmen
+eine Chance, neue Beschränkungen für die Ãffentlichkeit zu
+verhängen. Technologien, die uns hätten mächtiger machen können, werden
+stattdessen verwendet, um uns an Ketten zu legen.</p>
+
+<p>Gedruckte Bücher</p>
+<ul>
+<li>können Sie anonym mit Bargeld kaufen,</li>
+<li>können Sie Ihr Eigen nennen,</li>
+<li>können genutzt werden, ohne dass verlangt wird eine Lizenz zu
+unterschreiben, die Ihre Verwendung einschränkt,</li>
+<li>können gelesen werden, haben ein bekanntes Format, und es ist keine
+proprietäre Technologie notwendig,</li>
+<li>können Sie anderen geben, leihen oder verkaufen,</li>
+<li>können physisch eingescannt und kopiert werden, und es ist manchmal unter
+Copyright erlaubt,</li>
+<li>können von keiner Macht zerstören werden.</li>
+</ul>
+
+<p>Stellen Sie das Amazons E-Büchern gegenüber (die ziemlich typisch sind):
</p>
+<ul>
+<li>Amazon verlangt, dass sich Benutzer identifizieren, um ein E-Buch zu
+erhalten.</li>
+<li>In einigen Ländern sagt Amazon, dass der Benutzer nicht der Eigentümer
des
+E-Buchs ist.</li>
+<li>Amazon verlangt vom Benutzer eine einschränkende Lizenz zu akzeptieren, um
+das E-Buch verwenden zu können.</li>
+<li>Das Format ist geheim, und nur proprietäre benutzereinschränkende
Software
+kann es überhaupt lesen.</li>
+<li>Ein „verleihen“ ist für einige Bücher für eine begrenzte
Zeit
+erlaubt, aber nur unter Angabe eines Namens des anderen Nutzers des gleichen
+Systems. Kein geben oder verkaufen.</li>
+<li>Das E-Buch zu kopieren ist aufgrund <a
+href="/philosophy/right-to-read.de.html" xml:lang="en" lang="en">Digital
+Restrictions Management</a> (Digitale Restriktionsverwaltung) unmöglich und
+per Lizenz, die restriktiver als das Urheberrecht ist, untersagt.</li>
+<li>Amazon kann das E-Buch mit Hilfe einer Hintertür Remote (per Fernzugriff)
+löschen. Es verwendete diese Hintertür im Jahre 2009, um Tausende Kopien von
+<cite>George Orwells</cite> „1984“ zu löschen.</li>
+</ul>
+
+<p>Schon einer dieser VerstöÃe machen E-Bücher zu einem Rückschritt von
+gedruckten Büchern. Wir müssen E-Bücher zurückweisen, bis sie unsere
+Freiheit respektieren.</p>
+
+<p>Die E-Buch-Unternehmen sagen, dass unsere traditionellen Freiheiten zu
+leugnen notwendig sei, um weiterhin Autoren zu bezahlen. Das aktuelle
+Copyright-System macht einen lausigen Job; es ist viel besser für die
+Unterstützung jener Unternehmen geeignet. Wir können Autoren besser auf
+andere Weise unterstützen, die nicht unsere Freiheit einschränkt und sogar
+Sharing legalisiert. Zwei Vorschläge von mir:</p>
+
+<ul>
+<li>Steuergelder werden an Autoren, basierend auf der Kubikwurzel der
+Beliebtheit jedes Autors, verteilt. Siehe <a
+href="http://stallman.org/articles/internet-sharing-license.en.html";>http://stallman.org/articles/internet-sharing-license.en.html</a>.</li>
+<li>Um Player zu entwerfen, können Benutzer Autoren anonyme, freiwillige
+Zahlungen senden.</li>
+</ul>
+
+<p>E-Bücher müssen unsere Freiheit nicht angreifen, aber sie werden, wenn
+Unternehmen entscheiden können. Es liegt an uns, sie zu stoppen. Der Kampf
+hat bereits begonnen.</p>
+
+<!-- If needed, change the copyright block at the bottom. In general,
+ all pages on the GNU web server should have the section about
+ verbatim copying. Please do NOT remove this without talking
+ with the webmasters first.
+ Please make sure the copyright date is consistent with the document
+ and that it is like this: "2001, 2002", not this: "2001-2002". -->
+<div style="font-size: small;">
+
+<!--TRANSLATORS: Use space (SPC) as msgstr if you don't have notes.-->
+ </div>
+</div>
+
+<!-- for id="content", starts in the include above -->
+<!--#include virtual="/server/footer.de.html" -->
+<div id="footer">
+
+<p>Bitte senden Sie Fragen zur FSF & GNU an <a
+href="mailto:address@hidden";><address@hidden></a>. Sie koÌnnen auch die
<a
+href="/contact/contact.de.html">Free Software Foundation kontaktieren</a>.<br
/>
+Bitte senden Sie unguÌltige Verweise und andere Korrekturen oder VorschlaÌge
+an <a
+href="mailto:address@hidden";><address@hidden></a>.</p>
+
+<p>Bitte beachten Sie die <a
+href="/server/standards/README.translations.de.html">LIESMICH fuÌr
+UÌbersetzungen</a>, um weitere Informationen uÌber die Koordinierung und
+Einsendung von UÌbersetzungen zu erhalten.</p>
+
+<p>Copyright © 2011 Richard Stallman</p>
+
+<p>Dieses Werk bzw. Inhalt steht unter einer <a rel="license"
+href="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nd/3.0/us/";>Creative Commons
+Namensnennung-Keine Bearbeitung 3.0 Vereinigte Staaten von Amerika
+Lizenz</a>.</p>
+
+
+<div class="translators-credits">
+
+<!--TRANSLATORS: Use space (SPC) as msgstr if you don't want credits.-->
+<b>UÌbersetzung:</b> Wesley Kohne, 2011.</div>
+ <p><!-- timestamp start -->
+Aktualisierung:
+
+$Date: 2011/07/09 16:28:47 $
+
+<!-- timestamp end -->
+</p>
+</div>
+
+<div id="translations">
+<h4>Ãbersetzungen dieser Seite</h4>
+
+<!-- Please keep this list alphabetical by language code.
+ Comment what the language is for each type, i.e. de is German.
+ Write the language name in its own language (Deutsch) in the text.
+ If you add a new language here, please
+ advise address@hidden and add it to
+ - /home/www/html/server/standards/README.translations.html
+ - one of the lists under the section "Translations Underway"
+ - if there is a translation team, you also have to add an alias
+ to mail.gnu.org:/com/mailer/aliases
+ Please also check you have the language code right; see:
+ http://www.loc.gov/standards/iso639-2/php/code_list.php
+ If the 2-letter ISO 639-1 code is not available,
+ use the 3-letter ISO 639-2.
+ Please use W3C normative character entities.
+
+ See also '(web-trans)Capitalization':
+
http://gnu.org/software/trans-coord/manual/web-trans/html_node/Capitalization.html
+ -->
+<ul class="translations-list">
+<!-- German -->
+<li><a
href="/philosophy/the-danger-of-ebooks.de.html">Deutsch</a> [de]</li>
+<!-- English -->
+<li><a href="/philosophy/the-danger-of-ebooks.html">English</a> [en]</li>
+</ul>
+</div>
+</div>
+</body>
+</html>
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