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www licenses/po/gpl-faq.fr.po licenses/po/gpl-f...


From: Yavor Doganov
Subject: www licenses/po/gpl-faq.fr.po licenses/po/gpl-f...
Date: Mon, 30 Nov 2009 21:27:26 +0000

CVSROOT:        /web/www
Module name:    www
Changes by:     Yavor Doganov <yavor>   09/11/30 21:27:25

Modified files:
        licenses/po    : gpl-faq.fr.po gpl-faq.pot 
        philosophy     : philosophy.fr.html push-copyright-aside.fr.html 
                         right-to-read.fr.html schools.fr.html 
                         shouldbefree.fr.html social-inertia.fr.html 
                         speeches-and-interview.fr.html 
                         third-party-ideas.fr.html university.fr.html 
                         why-free.fr.html words-to-avoid.fr.html 
        philosophy/po  : push-copyright-aside.fr.po right-to-read.fr.po 
                         schools.fr.po shouldbefree.fr.po 
                         social-inertia.fr.po 
                         speeches-and-interview.fr.po 
                         third-party-ideas.fr.po university.fr.po 
                         why-free.fr.po words-to-avoid.fr.po 
        server         : takeaction.fr.html 
        server/po      : takeaction.fr.po 
Added files:
        fun/jokes/po   : happy-new-year.cfbC.pot 

Log message:
        Automatic update by GNUnited Nations.

CVSWeb URLs:
http://web.cvs.savannah.gnu.org/viewcvs/www/fun/jokes/po/happy-new-year.cfbC.pot?cvsroot=www&rev=1.1
http://web.cvs.savannah.gnu.org/viewcvs/www/licenses/po/gpl-faq.fr.po?cvsroot=www&r1=1.21&r2=1.22
http://web.cvs.savannah.gnu.org/viewcvs/www/licenses/po/gpl-faq.pot?cvsroot=www&r1=1.9&r2=1.10
http://web.cvs.savannah.gnu.org/viewcvs/www/philosophy/philosophy.fr.html?cvsroot=www&r1=1.84&r2=1.85
http://web.cvs.savannah.gnu.org/viewcvs/www/philosophy/push-copyright-aside.fr.html?cvsroot=www&r1=1.10&r2=1.11
http://web.cvs.savannah.gnu.org/viewcvs/www/philosophy/right-to-read.fr.html?cvsroot=www&r1=1.31&r2=1.32
http://web.cvs.savannah.gnu.org/viewcvs/www/philosophy/schools.fr.html?cvsroot=www&r1=1.21&r2=1.22
http://web.cvs.savannah.gnu.org/viewcvs/www/philosophy/shouldbefree.fr.html?cvsroot=www&r1=1.23&r2=1.24
http://web.cvs.savannah.gnu.org/viewcvs/www/philosophy/social-inertia.fr.html?cvsroot=www&r1=1.7&r2=1.8
http://web.cvs.savannah.gnu.org/viewcvs/www/philosophy/speeches-and-interview.fr.html?cvsroot=www&r1=1.13&r2=1.14
http://web.cvs.savannah.gnu.org/viewcvs/www/philosophy/third-party-ideas.fr.html?cvsroot=www&r1=1.11&r2=1.12
http://web.cvs.savannah.gnu.org/viewcvs/www/philosophy/university.fr.html?cvsroot=www&r1=1.24&r2=1.25
http://web.cvs.savannah.gnu.org/viewcvs/www/philosophy/why-free.fr.html?cvsroot=www&r1=1.26&r2=1.27
http://web.cvs.savannah.gnu.org/viewcvs/www/philosophy/words-to-avoid.fr.html?cvsroot=www&r1=1.47&r2=1.48
http://web.cvs.savannah.gnu.org/viewcvs/www/philosophy/po/push-copyright-aside.fr.po?cvsroot=www&r1=1.4&r2=1.5
http://web.cvs.savannah.gnu.org/viewcvs/www/philosophy/po/right-to-read.fr.po?cvsroot=www&r1=1.9&r2=1.10
http://web.cvs.savannah.gnu.org/viewcvs/www/philosophy/po/schools.fr.po?cvsroot=www&r1=1.5&r2=1.6
http://web.cvs.savannah.gnu.org/viewcvs/www/philosophy/po/shouldbefree.fr.po?cvsroot=www&r1=1.4&r2=1.5
http://web.cvs.savannah.gnu.org/viewcvs/www/philosophy/po/social-inertia.fr.po?cvsroot=www&r1=1.4&r2=1.5
http://web.cvs.savannah.gnu.org/viewcvs/www/philosophy/po/speeches-and-interview.fr.po?cvsroot=www&r1=1.7&r2=1.8
http://web.cvs.savannah.gnu.org/viewcvs/www/philosophy/po/third-party-ideas.fr.po?cvsroot=www&r1=1.12&r2=1.13
http://web.cvs.savannah.gnu.org/viewcvs/www/philosophy/po/university.fr.po?cvsroot=www&r1=1.9&r2=1.10
http://web.cvs.savannah.gnu.org/viewcvs/www/philosophy/po/why-free.fr.po?cvsroot=www&r1=1.6&r2=1.7
http://web.cvs.savannah.gnu.org/viewcvs/www/philosophy/po/words-to-avoid.fr.po?cvsroot=www&r1=1.27&r2=1.28
http://web.cvs.savannah.gnu.org/viewcvs/www/server/takeaction.fr.html?cvsroot=www&r1=1.50&r2=1.51
http://web.cvs.savannah.gnu.org/viewcvs/www/server/po/takeaction.fr.po?cvsroot=www&r1=1.62&r2=1.63

Patches:
Index: licenses/po/gpl-faq.fr.po
===================================================================
RCS file: /web/www/www/licenses/po/gpl-faq.fr.po,v
retrieving revision 1.21
retrieving revision 1.22
diff -u -b -r1.21 -r1.22
--- licenses/po/gpl-faq.fr.po   29 Nov 2009 21:26:31 -0000      1.21
+++ licenses/po/gpl-faq.fr.po   30 Nov 2009 21:26:42 -0000      1.22
@@ -7,7 +7,7 @@
 msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 "Project-Id-Version: gpl-faq.html\n"
-"POT-Creation-Date: 2009-11-11 04:26-0500\n"
+"POT-Creation-Date: 2009-11-30 16:26-0500\n"
 "PO-Revision-Date: 2009-11-29 15:07+0100\n"
 "Last-Translator: Cédric Corazza <cedric.corazza AT wanadoo.fr>\n"
 "Language-Team: French <address@hidden>\n"
@@ -5427,11 +5427,20 @@
 "Libre&nbsp;?</a></b>"
 
 # type: Content of: <dl><dd><p>
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "In general, the answer is no&mdash;this is not a legal requirement.  In "
+#| "specific, the answer depends on which libraries you want to use and what "
+#| "their licenses are.  Most system libraries either use the <a href=\"/"
+#| "copyleft/lesser.html\">GNU Lesser GPL</a>, or use the GNU GPL plus an "
+#| "exception permitting linking the library with anything.  These libraries "
+#| "can be used in non-free programs; but in the case of the Lesser GPL, it "
+#| "does have some requirements you must follow."
 msgid ""
 "In general, the answer is no&mdash;this is not a legal requirement.  In "
 "specific, the answer depends on which libraries you want to use and what "
 "their licenses are.  Most system libraries either use the <a href=\"/"
-"copyleft/lesser.html\">GNU Lesser GPL</a>, or use the GNU GPL plus an "
+"licenses/lgpl.html\">GNU Lesser GPL</a>, or use the GNU GPL plus an "
 "exception permitting linking the library with anything.  These libraries can "
 "be used in non-free programs; but in the case of the Lesser GPL, it does "
 "have some requirements you must follow."

Index: licenses/po/gpl-faq.pot
===================================================================
RCS file: /web/www/www/licenses/po/gpl-faq.pot,v
retrieving revision 1.9
retrieving revision 1.10
diff -u -b -r1.9 -r1.10
--- licenses/po/gpl-faq.pot     11 Nov 2009 09:28:02 -0000      1.9
+++ licenses/po/gpl-faq.pot     30 Nov 2009 21:26:43 -0000      1.10
@@ -7,7 +7,7 @@
 msgid ""
 msgstr ""
 "Project-Id-Version: PACKAGE VERSION\n"
-"POT-Creation-Date: 2009-11-11 04:26-0500\n"
+"POT-Creation-Date: 2009-11-30 16:26-0500\n"
 "PO-Revision-Date: YEAR-MO-DA HO:MI+ZONE\n"
 "Last-Translator: FULL NAME <address@hidden>\n"
 "Language-Team: LANGUAGE <address@hidden>\n"
@@ -3440,9 +3440,9 @@
 "In general, the answer is no&mdash;this is not a legal requirement.  In "
 "specific, the answer depends on which libraries you want to use and what "
 "their licenses are.  Most system libraries either use the <a "
-"href=\"/copyleft/lesser.html\">GNU Lesser GPL</a>, or use the GNU GPL plus "
-"an exception permitting linking the library with anything.  These libraries "
-"can be used in non-free programs; but in the case of the Lesser GPL, it does "
+"href=\"/licenses/lgpl.html\">GNU Lesser GPL</a>, or use the GNU GPL plus an "
+"exception permitting linking the library with anything.  These libraries can "
+"be used in non-free programs; but in the case of the Lesser GPL, it does "
 "have some requirements you must follow."
 msgstr ""
 

Index: philosophy/philosophy.fr.html
===================================================================
RCS file: /web/www/www/philosophy/philosophy.fr.html,v
retrieving revision 1.84
retrieving revision 1.85
diff -u -b -r1.84 -r1.85
--- philosophy/philosophy.fr.html       30 Nov 2009 09:25:54 -0000      1.84
+++ philosophy/philosophy.fr.html       30 Nov 2009 21:26:48 -0000      1.85
@@ -22,7 +22,7 @@
 logiciels</a></li>
   <li> <a href="/philosophy/digital-inclusion-in-freedom.html">L'inclusion
 numérique est-elle une bonne chose&nbsp;? Comment pouvons-nous nous en
-assurer&nbdp;?</a></li>
+assurer&nbsp;?</a></li>
   <li><a href="/philosophy/pirate-party.fr.html">Pourquoi les propositions du
 Parti Pirate suédois se retournent contre le logiciel libre</a></li>
   <li> <a href="/philosophy/javascript-trap.fr.html">Le piège 
JavaScript</a></li>
@@ -138,7 +138,7 @@
 <!-- timestamp start -->
 Dernière mise à jour&nbsp;:
 
-$Date: 2009/11/30 09:25:54 $
+$Date: 2009/11/30 21:26:48 $
 
 <!-- timestamp end -->
 </p>

Index: philosophy/push-copyright-aside.fr.html
===================================================================
RCS file: /web/www/www/philosophy/push-copyright-aside.fr.html,v
retrieving revision 1.10
retrieving revision 1.11
diff -u -b -r1.10 -r1.11
--- philosophy/push-copyright-aside.fr.html     17 Nov 2009 09:27:26 -0000      
1.10
+++ philosophy/push-copyright-aside.fr.html     30 Nov 2009 21:26:49 -0000      
1.11
@@ -2,15 +2,17 @@
 <!--#include virtual="/server/header.fr.html" -->
 
 <!-- This file is automatically generated by GNUnited Nations! -->
-<title>Science must &ldquo;push copyright aside&rdquo; - GNU Project - Free
-Software Foundation (FSF)</title>
+<title>La science doit &laquo;&nbsp;mettre le droit d'auteur de
+c&ocirc;t&eacute;&nbsp;&raquo; - GNU Project - Free Software Foundation
+(FSF)</title>
 
 <!--#include virtual="/server/banner.fr.html" -->
-<h2>Science must &ldquo;push copyright aside&rdquo;</h2>
+<h2>La science doit &laquo;&nbsp;mettre le droit d'auteur de
+c&ocirc;t&eacute;&nbsp;&raquo;</h2>
 
 <p>par <strong>Richard M. Stallman</strong></p>
 
-<p><em>This article appeared in <em>Nature Webdebates</em> in 2001</em></p>
+<p><em>Cet article est paru dans <em>Nature Webdebates</em> en 2001</em></p>
 
 <p>Il devrait &ecirc;tre &eacute;vident pour tout un chacun que la
 litt&eacute;rature scientifique est faite pour diffuser les connaissances
@@ -19,21 +21,26 @@
 litt&eacute;rature scientifique devraient &ecirc;tre de nature &agrave;
 aider &agrave; atteindre cet objectif.</p>
 
-<p>The rules we have now, known as copyright, were established in the age of
-the printing press, an inherently centralized method of mass-production
-copying.  In a print environment, copyright on journal articles restricted
-only journal publishers&mdash;requiring them to obtain permission to publish
-an article&mdash;and would-be plagiarists. It helped journals to operate and
-disseminate knowledge, without interfering with the useful work of
-scientists or students, either as writers or readers of articles. These
-rules fit that system well.</p>
-
-<p>The modern technology for scientific publishing, however, is the World Wide
-Web.  What rules would best ensure the maximum dissemination of scientific
-articles, and knowledge, on the Web? Articles should be distributed in
-nonproprietary formats, with open access for all. And everyone should have
-the right to &ldquo;mirror&rdquo; articles&mdash;that is, to republish them
-verbatim with proper attribution.</p>
+<p>Les r&egrave;gles actuelles, appel&eacute;es droit d'auteur, ont
+&eacute;t&eacute; &eacute;tablies &agrave; l'&eacute;poque de la presse
+&eacute;crite, une m&eacute;thode de publication de masse
+in&eacute;vitablement centralis&eacute;e. Dans un contexte de presse
+&eacute;crite, le droit d'auteur sur les articles de revues n'&eacute;tait
+une contrainte que pour les &eacute;diteurs &mdash; les obligeant &agrave;
+obtenir une autorisation avant de publier un article &mdash; et les
+plagiaires potentiels. Elle aidait les revues &agrave; fonctionner et
+&agrave; faire circuler les connaissances, sans g&ecirc;ner le travail utile
+des scientifiques ou des &eacute;tudiants, qu'ils soient lecteurs ou auteurs
+d'articles. Ces r&egrave;gles conviennent bien &agrave; ce syst&egrave;me.</p>
+
+<p>Mais la technique actuelle de publication scientifique est le Web. Quelles
+sont les r&egrave;gles susceptibles d'assurer une diffusion maximale des
+articles et connaissances scientifiques sur le Web&nbsp;? Il faudrait que
+les articles soient diffus&eacute;s sous des formats
+non-propri&eacute;taires, en acc&egrave;s libre pour tous. Et chacun devrait
+avoir le droit de placer les articles sur un site
+&laquo;&nbsp;miroir&nbsp;&raquo;, c'est-&agrave;-dire de les republier
+int&eacute;gralement en indiquant correctement la source.</p>
 
 <p>Ces r&egrave;gles devraient s'appliquer aussi bien aux anciens articles
 qu'aux nouveaux, lorsqu'ils sont diffus&eacute;s sous forme
@@ -42,11 +49,13 @@
 concerne la publication des revues sur papier parce qu'il n'y a pas de
 probl&egrave;me dans ce domaine.</p>
 
-<p>Unfortunately, it seems that not everyone agrees with the truisms that began
-this article. Many journal publishers appear to believe that the purpose of
-scientific literature is to enable them to publish journals so as to collect
-subscriptions from scientists and students. Such thinking is known as
-&ldquo;confusion of the means with the ends&rdquo;.</p>
+<p>Malheureusement, il semble que tout le monde ne soit pas d'accord avec les
+&eacute;vidences exprim&eacute;es au d&eacute;but de cet article. De
+nombreux &eacute;diteurs de revues semblent croire que l'objectif de la
+litt&eacute;rature scientifique est de leur permettre de publier des revues
+afin de recueillir des abonnements de scientifiques et
+d'&eacute;tudiants. Partager un tel point de vue c'est
+&laquo;&nbsp;confondre la fin et les moyens&nbsp;&raquo;.</p>
 
 <p>Leur approche consiste &agrave; restreindre l'acc&egrave;s &agrave; la
 simple consultation de la litt&eacute;rature scientifique &agrave; ceux qui
@@ -55,18 +64,23 @@
 informatiques, comme excuse pour dissuader les scientifiques de choisir de
 nouvelles r&egrave;gles.</p>
 
-<p>For the sake of scientific cooperation and humanity's future, we must reject
-that approach at its root&mdash;not merely the obstructive systems that have
-been instituted, but the mistaken priorities that inspired them.</p>
-
-<p>Journal publishers sometimes claim that online access requires expensive
-high-powered server machines, and that they must charge access fees to pay
-for these servers. This &ldquo;problem&rdquo; is a consequence of its own
-&ldquo;solution.&rdquo; Give everyone the freedom to mirror, and libraries
-around the world will set up mirror sites to meet the demand. This
-decentralized solution will reduce network bandwidth needs and provide
-faster access, all the while protecting the scholarly record against
-accidental loss.</p>
+<p>Dans l'int&eacute;r&ecirc;t de la coop&eacute;ration scientifique et de
+l'avenir de l'humanit&eacute;, nous devons refuser cette approche &agrave;
+la base &mdash; non seulement les syst&egrave;mes d'obstruction qui ont
+&eacute;t&eacute; mis en place, mais aussi les mauvaises priorit&eacute;s
+qui les ont inspir&eacute;s.</p>
+
+<p>Les &eacute;diteurs de revues affirment parfois que la mise &agrave;
+disposition en ligne n&eacute;cessite des serveurs puissants, et qu'ils sont
+oblig&eacute;s de faire payer l'acc&egrave;s pour financer ces serveurs. Ce
+&laquo;&nbsp;probl&egrave;me&nbsp;&raquo; est une cons&eacute;quence de sa
+propre &laquo;&nbsp;solution&nbsp;&raquo;. Que l'on donne &agrave; chacun la
+libert&eacute; de publier sur un site miroir, et les biblioth&egrave;ques du
+monde entier vont cr&eacute;er des sites miroirs pour faire face &agrave; la
+demande. Cette solution d&eacute;centralis&eacute;e r&eacute;duira la bande
+passante du r&eacute;seau et assurera un acc&egrave;s plus rapide, tout en
+prot&eacute;geant les donn&eacute;es universitaires contre une perte
+accidentelle.</p>
 
 <p>Les &eacute;diteurs disent aussi qu'il faut un acc&egrave;s payant pour
 r&eacute;mun&eacute;rer les r&eacute;dacteurs. Admettons qu'il faille payer
@@ -76,26 +90,35 @@
 pourcentage ne justifie pas que l'on fasse obstruction &agrave;
 l'utilisation des r&eacute;sultats.</p>
 
-<p>Instead, the cost of editing could be recovered, for example, through page
-charges to the authors, who can pass these on to the research sponsors.  The
-sponsors should not mind, given that they currently pay for publication in a
-more cumbersome way, through overhead fees for the university library's
-subscription to the journal. By changing the economic model to charge
-editing costs to the research sponsors, we can eliminate the apparent need
-to restrict access. The occasional author who is not affiliated with an
-institution or company, and who has no research sponsor, could be exempted
-from page charges, with costs levied on institution-based authors.</p>
-
-<p>Another justification for access fees to online publications is to fund
-conversion of the print archives of a journal into online form. That work
-needs to be done, but we should seek alternative ways of funding it that do
-not involve obstructing access to the result. The work itself will not be
-any more difficult, or cost any more. It is self-defeating to digitize the
-archives and waste the results by restricting access.</p>
-
-<p>The US Constitution says that copyright exists &ldquo;to promote the
-progress of science&rdquo;. When copyright impedes the progress of science,
-science must push copyright out of the way.</p>
+<p>Au lieu de cela, les frais de r&eacute;daction pourraient &ecirc;tre
+couverts, par exemple, par des frais &agrave; la page pour les auteurs, qui
+pourraient les faire financer par les commanditaires de la recherche. Ces
+commanditaires ne devraient pas s'y opposer dans la mesure o&ugrave; ils
+financent d&eacute;j&agrave; lourdement cette publication par
+l'interm&eacute;diaire des frais que constitue l'abonnement de la
+biblioth&egrave;que universitaire &agrave; la revue. En changeant le
+mod&egrave;le &eacute;conomique (transfert des frais de publication vers les
+commanditaires de la recherche), on peut &eacute;liminer le besoin apparent
+de restreindre la consultation. L'auteur occasionnel qui n'est pas
+affili&eacute; &agrave; une institution ou une entreprise, et qui n'a pas de
+commanditaire pour sa recherche, pourrait &ecirc;tre dispens&eacute; de
+frais de page, qui seraient r&eacute;percut&eacute;s sur les auteurs
+soutenus par des institutions.</p>
+
+<p>Une autre justification pour faire payer l'acc&egrave;s aux publications en
+ligne c'est de dire qu'il faut financer la conversion des archives
+imprim&eacute;es au format &eacute;lectronique. Ce travail doit &ecirc;tre
+fait, mais il nous faut trouver des alternatives qui ne remettent pas en
+cause le libre acc&egrave;s au r&eacute;sultat. Le travail lui-m&ecirc;me ne
+sera pas plus difficile, ni plus co&ucirc;teux. Il est contre-productif de
+num&eacute;riser des archives et de g&acirc;cher le r&eacute;sultat de ce
+travail en en restreignant l'acc&egrave;s.</p>
+
+<p>La Constitution des &Eacute;tats-Unis dit que le droit d'auteur existe
+&laquo;&nbsp;pour promouvoir les progr&egrave;s de la
+science&nbsp;&raquo;. Quand les droits d'auteur freinent les progr&egrave;s
+de la science, la science doit mettre le droit d'auteur de
+c&ocirc;t&eacute;.</p>
 
 <div style="font-size: small;">
 
@@ -137,7 +160,7 @@
 <!-- timestamp start -->
 Dernière mise à jour&nbsp;:
 
-$Date: 2009/11/17 09:27:26 $
+$Date: 2009/11/30 21:26:49 $
 
 <!-- timestamp end -->
 </p>

Index: philosophy/right-to-read.fr.html
===================================================================
RCS file: /web/www/www/philosophy/right-to-read.fr.html,v
retrieving revision 1.31
retrieving revision 1.32
diff -u -b -r1.31 -r1.32
--- philosophy/right-to-read.fr.html    26 Nov 2009 09:26:11 -0000      1.31
+++ philosophy/right-to-read.fr.html    30 Nov 2009 21:26:49 -0000      1.32
@@ -16,8 +16,9 @@
 2).</em></p>
 
 <blockquote><p>
-            From <cite>The Road To Tycho</cite>, a collection of articles 
about the
-antecedents of the Lunarian Revolution, published in Luna City in 2096.
+            Extrait de &laquo;&nbsp;The Road to Tycho&nbsp;&raquo;, une 
collection
+d'articles sur les ant&eacute;c&eacute;dents de la R&eacute;volution
+lunaire, publi&eacute;e &agrave; Luna City en 2096.
 </p></blockquote>
 
 <p>
@@ -52,15 +53,18 @@
 &eacute;viter le d&eacute;lit.</p>
 
 <p>
-Of course, Lissa did not necessarily intend to read his books.  She might
-want the computer only to write her midterm.  But Dan knew she came from a
-middle-class family and could hardly afford the tuition, let alone her
-reading fees.  Reading his books might be the only way she could graduate.
-He understood this situation; he himself had had to borrow to pay for all
-the research papers he read.  (Ten percent of those fees went to the
-researchers who wrote the papers; since Dan aimed for an academic career, he
-could hope that his own research papers, if frequently referenced, would
-bring in enough to repay this loan.)</p>
+Bien s&ucirc;r, Lissa n'avait pas n&eacute;cessairement l'intention de lire
+ses livres. Elle pourrait ne vouloir l'ordinateur que pour &eacute;crire son
+projet. Mais Dan savait qu'elle venait d'une famille de classe moyenne et
+qu'elle arrivait difficilement &agrave; payer ses frais de scolarit&eacute;,
+sans compter ses frais de lecture. Lire les livres de Dan pourrait
+&ecirc;tre sa seule fa&ccedil;on d'obtenir son dipl&ocirc;me. Il comprenait
+cette situation; lui-m&ecirc;me avait eu &agrave; emprunter pour payer pour
+tous les articles scientifiques qu'il avait eu &agrave; lire. (10% de ces
+frais allaient aux chercheurs qui &eacute;crivaient ces articles; puisque
+Dan visait une carri&egrave;re acad&eacute;mique, il pouvait esp&eacute;rer
+que si ses propres articles scientiques &eacute;taient souvent lus, il
+gagnerait un revenu suffisant pour rembourser sa dette).</p>
 
 <p>
 Par la suite, Dan apprendrait qu'il y eut un temps o&ugrave; n'importe qui
@@ -179,15 +183,22 @@
 <p>Cette note a &eacute;t&eacute; mise &agrave; jour en 2007.</p>
 
 <p>
-The right to read is a battle being fought today.  Although it may take 50
-years for our present way of life to fade into obscurity, most of the
-specific laws and practices described above have already been proposed; many
-have been enacted into law in the US and elsewhere.  In the US, the 1998
-Digital Millenium Copyright Act (DMCA) established the legal basis to
-restrict the reading and lending of computerized books (and other works as
-well).  The European Union imposed similar restrictions in a 2001 copyright
-directive.  In France, under the DADVSI law adopted in 2006, mere possession
-of a copy of DeCSS, the free program to decrypt video on a DVD, is a crime.</p>
+C'est aujourd'hui m&ecirc;me qu'on se bat pour le droit de lire. M&ecirc;me
+si cela pourrait prendre 50 ans pour que notre fa&ccedil;on de vivre
+actuelle s'efface dans l'obscurit&eacute;, la plupart des lois et pratiques
+d&eacute;crites pr&eacute;c&eacute;demment ont d&eacute;j&agrave;
+&eacute;t&eacute; propos&eacute;es&nbsp;; plusieurs ont &eacute;t&eacute;
+d&eacute;cr&eacute;t&eacute;es l&eacute;galement aux USA et ailleurs. Aux
+USA, le <acronym title="Digital Millenium Copyright Act">DMCA</acronym>
+(ndt&nbsp;: Loi sur le droit d'auteur du mill&eacute;naire num&eacute;rique)
+de 1998 a &eacute;tabli la base l&eacute;gale pour restreindre la lecture et
+le pr&ecirc;t de livres numérisés (et d'autres donn&eacute;es
+&eacute;galement). L'Union Europ&eacute;enne a impos&eacute; des
+restrictions similaires dans une directive de 2001 concernant le
+copyright. En France, avec la loi <acronym title="Droit d'auteur et droits
+voisins dans la soci&eacute;t&eacute; de l'information">DADVSI</acronym>, la
+simple possession d'une copie de DeCSS, le programme libre permettant de
+d&eacute;chiffrer une vid&eacute;o sur un DVD, est un d&eacute;lit.</p>
 
 <p>
 En 2001, le s&eacute;nateur Hollings (disposant de fonds Disney) a
@@ -213,21 +224,32 @@
 retour aux commandes, le danger est encore une fois plus grand.</p>
 
 <p>
-In 2001 the US began attempting to use the proposed Free Trade Area of the
-Americas (FTAA) treaty to impose the same rules on all the countries in the
-Western Hemisphere.  The FTAA is one of the so-called &ldquo;free
-trade&rdquo; treaties, which are actually designed to give business
-increased power over democratic governments; imposing laws like the DMCA is
-typical of this spirit.  The FTAA was effectively killed by Lula, President
-of Brazil, who rejected the DMCA requirement and others.</p>
-
-<p>
-Since then, the US has imposed similar requirements on countries such as
-Australia and Mexico through bilateral &ldquo;free trade&rdquo; agreements,
-and on countries such as Costa Rica through another treaty, CAFTA.
-Ecuador's President Correa refused to sign a &ldquo;free trade&rdquo;
-agreement with the US, but I've heard Ecuador had adopted something like the
-DMCA in 2003.</p>
+En 2001, les USA ont commenc&eacute; &agrave; tenter d'utiliser la
+proposition de trait&eacute; &laquo;&nbsp;Free Trade Area of the Americas
+(FTAA)&nbsp;&raquo; pour imposer les m&ecirc;mes r&egrave;gles &agrave; tous
+les pays de l'h&eacute;misph&egrave;re Ouest. Le FTTA est l'un de ces
+trait&eacute;s de soi-disant &laquo;&nbsp;libre commerce&nbsp;&raquo;, mais
+r&eacute;ellement con&ccedil;u pour donner aux monde du business un pouvoir
+croissant sur les gouvernements d&eacute;mocratiques. L'imposition de lois
+du genre <acronym title="Digital Millenium Copyright Act">DMCA</acronym> est
+typique de cet esprit. Le FTAA a &eacute;t&eacute; effectivement tu&eacute;
+par Lula, pr&eacute;sident du Br&eacute;sil, qui a rejet&eacute; la
+condition du <acronym title="Digital Millenium Copyright Act">DMCA</acronym>
+et d'autres.</p>
+
+<p>
+Depuis lors, les &Eacute;tats-Unis ont impos&eacute; des conditions
+similaires &agrave; des pays comme l'Australie ou le Mexique, par le biais
+d'accords de &laquo;&nbsp;libre &eacute;change&nbsp;&raquo;
+bilat&eacute;raux, et &agrave; des pays tel que le Costa Rica par le biais
+du <acronym title="Central American Free Trade Agreement">CAFTA</acronym>
+(N.d.T.&nbsp; : Accord de libre &eacute;change d'Am&eacute;rique
+Centrale). Le pr&eacute;sident Correa de l'&Eacute;quateur a refus&eacute;
+de signer l'accord de &laquo;&nbsp;libre &eacute;change&nbsp;&raquo;, mais
+l'&Eacute;quateur a adopt&eacute; quelque chose de similaire au <acronym
+title="Digital Millenium Copyright Act">DMCA</acronym> en 2003. La nouvelle
+constitution de l'&Eacute;quateur peut fournir une opportunit&eacute; de
+s'en d&eacute;barrasser.</p>
 
 <p>
 Une des id&eacute;es dans cette histoire n'avait en fait pas
@@ -237,15 +259,18 @@
 vous autoriseraient pas &agrave; l'obtenir.</p>
 
 <p>
-The proponents of this scheme have given it names such as &ldquo;trusted
-computing&rdquo; and &ldquo;Palladium&rdquo;.  We call it <a
-href="/philosophy/can-you-trust.html">&ldquo;treacherous
-computing&rdquo;</a> because the effect is to make your computer obey
-companies even to the extent of disobeying and defying you.  This was
-implemented in 2007 as part of <a href="http://badvista.org/";>Windows
-Vista</a>; we expect Apple to do something similar.  In this scheme, it is
-the manufacturer that keeps the secret code, but the <abbr>FBI</abbr> would
-have little trouble getting it.</p>
+Les instigateurs de ce dessein lui ont donn&eacute; des noms tels que
+&laquo;&nbsp;informatique de confiance&nbsp;&raquo; et
+&laquo;&nbsp;Palladium&nbsp;&raquo;. Nous l'appelons <a
+href="/philosophy/can-you-trust.fr.html">&laquo;&nbsp;informatique
+d&eacute;loyale&nbsp;&raquo;</a>, car le r&eacute;sultat est de faire
+ob&eacute;ir votre ordinateur &agrave; des soci&eacute;t&eacute;s
+plut&ocirc;t qu'&agrave; vous. Ceci a &eacute;t&eacute; mis en &oelig;uvre
+en 2007 dans <a href="http://badvista.org/";>Windows Vista</a>&nbsp;; nous
+nous attendons &agrave; ce que Apple fasse quelque chose de semblable. Dans
+cette construction, c'est le fabriquant qui conserve le code secret, mais le
+<acronym title="Federal Bureau of Investigations">FBI</acronym> aurait peu
+de peine &agrave; l'obtenir.</p>
 
 <p>
 Ce que conserve Microsoft n'est pas exactement un mot de passe au sens
@@ -258,34 +283,48 @@
 ordinateur.</p>
 
 <p>
-Vista also gives Microsoft additional powers; for instance, Microsoft can
-forcibly install upgrades, and it can order all machines running Vista to
-refuse to run a certain device driver.  The main purpose of Vista's many
-restrictions is to impose DRM (Digital Restrictions Management) that users
-can't overcome.  The threat of DRM is why we have established the <a
-href="http://DefectiveByDesign.org";> DefectiveByDesign.org</a> campaign.</p>
-
-<p>
-When this story was first written, the SPA was threatening small Internet
-service providers, demanding they permit the SPA to monitor all users.  Most
-ISPs surrendered when threatened, because they cannot afford to fight back
-in court.  One ISP, Community ConneXion in Oakland, California, refused the
-demand and was actually sued.  The SPA later dropped the suit, but obtained
-the DMCA, which gave them the power they sought.</p>
-
-<p>
-The SPA, which actually stands for Software Publisher's Association, has
-been replaced in its police-like role by the Business Software Alliance.
-The BSA is not, today, an official police force; unofficially, it acts like
-one.  Using methods reminiscent of the erstwhile Soviet Union, it invites
-people to inform on their coworkers and friends.  A BSA terror campaign in
-Argentina in 2001 made slightly veiled threats that people sharing software
-would be raped.</p>
-
-<p>
-The university security policies described above are not imaginary.  For
-example, a computer at one Chicago-area university displayed this message
-upon login:</p>
+Vista donne aussi &agrave; Microsoft des pouvoirs
+suppl&eacute;mentaires&nbsp;; par exemple, Microsoft peut forcer
+l'installation de mises &agrave; jour et il peut ordonner &agrave; toutes
+les machines fonctionnant avec Vista de refuser d'ex&eacute;cuter un pilote
+de p&eacute;riph&eacute;rique. Le but principal de toutes ces restrictions
+dans Vista est de faire des <acronym title="Digital Rights
+Management">DRM</acronym> que les utilisateurs ne peuvent pas
+outrepasser. La menace des DRM est ce pourquoi nous avons lancé la campagne
+<a href="http://DefectiveByDesign.org";> DefectiveByDesign.org</a>
+(Défectueux par conception).</p>
+
+<p>
+&Agrave; l'&eacute;poque o&ugrave; cette histoire a &eacute;t&eacute;
+&eacute;crite, la SPA mena&ccedil;ait de petits fournisseurs d'acc&egrave;s
+&agrave; Internet, en exigeant qu'ils lui permettent de surveiller tous les
+usagers. La plupart des fournisseurs capitul&egrave;rent lorsqu'ils furent
+menac&eacute;s, parce qu'ils n'avaient pas les moyens decontre-attaquer en
+cour. (Atlanta Journal-Constitution, 1er octobre 1996, page D3.)  Au moins
+un fournisseur, Community ConneXion &agrave; Oakland en Californie, a
+refus&eacute; la demande et a &eacute;t&eacute; r&eacute;ellement
+poursuivi. Plus tard, la SPA a laiss&eacute; tomber la plainte, mais elle a
+obtenu le <acronym title="Digital Millenium Copyright Act">DMCA</acronym>,
+qui lui donne le pouvoir qu'ils recherchaient.</p>
+
+<p>
+La SPA, qui veut en fait dire Software Publisher's Association, a
+&eacute;t&eacute; remplac&eacute;e dans ce r&ocirc;le de police par la BSA
+(Business Software Alliance). Ce n'est pas aujourd'hui une force
+polici&egrave;re officielle. De fa&ccedil;on officieuse, elle se comporte
+ainsi. Utilisant des m&eacute;thodes rappelant celles de l'ex-Union
+Sovi&eacute;tique, elle invite les gens &agrave; faire de la d&eacute;lation
+&agrave; l'endroit de leurs coll&egrave;gues et amis; une campagne de
+terreur orchestr&eacute;e par la BSA en 2001 en Argentine a
+d&eacute;voil&eacute; des menaces selon lesquelles les gens partageant du
+logiciel pourraient &ecirc;tre jet&eacute;s en prison.</p>
+
+<p>
+Les politiques universitaires de s&eacute;curit&eacute; d&eacute;crites
+pr&eacute;c&eacute;demment ne sont pas imaginaires. Par exemple, un
+ordinateur dans une universit&eacute; de la r&eacute;gion de Chicago affiche
+le message suivant quand on s'y branche (les guillemets sont dans l'original
+&mdash; ce qui suit est une traduction)&nbsp;:</p>
 
 <blockquote><p>
 &laquo;&nbsp;Ce syst&egrave;me est r&eacute;serv&eacute; aux usagers
@@ -410,7 +449,7 @@
 <!-- timestamp start -->
 Dernière mise à jour&nbsp;:
 
-$Date: 2009/11/26 09:26:11 $
+$Date: 2009/11/30 21:26:49 $
 
 <!-- timestamp end -->
 </p>

Index: philosophy/schools.fr.html
===================================================================
RCS file: /web/www/www/philosophy/schools.fr.html,v
retrieving revision 1.21
retrieving revision 1.22
diff -u -b -r1.21 -r1.22
--- philosophy/schools.fr.html  17 Oct 2009 08:26:13 -0000      1.21
+++ philosophy/schools.fr.html  30 Nov 2009 21:26:49 -0000      1.22
@@ -123,10 +123,10 @@
 <div id="footer">
 
 <p>
-Please send FSF &amp; GNU inquiries to <a
-href="mailto:address@hidden";>&lt;address@hidden&gt;</a>.  There are also <a
-href="/contact/">other ways to contact</a> the FSF.  <br /> Please send
-broken links and other corrections or suggestions to <a
+Veuillez envoyer les requêtes concernant la FSF et GNU à <a
+href="mailto:address@hidden";><em>address@hidden</em></a>. Il existe aussi <a
+href="/contact/">d'autres moyens de contacter</a> la FSF. <br /> Veuillez
+envoyer les liens orphelins ou d'autres suggestions à <a
 href="mailto:address@hidden";>&lt;address@hidden&gt;</a>.
 </p>
 
@@ -153,7 +153,7 @@
 <!-- timestamp start -->
 Dernière mise à jour&nbsp;:
 
-$Date: 2009/10/17 08:26:13 $
+$Date: 2009/11/30 21:26:49 $
 
 <!-- timestamp end -->
 </p>

Index: philosophy/shouldbefree.fr.html
===================================================================
RCS file: /web/www/www/philosophy/shouldbefree.fr.html,v
retrieving revision 1.23
retrieving revision 1.24
diff -u -b -r1.23 -r1.24
--- philosophy/shouldbefree.fr.html     14 Nov 2009 09:26:18 -0000      1.23
+++ philosophy/shouldbefree.fr.html     30 Nov 2009 21:26:49 -0000      1.24
@@ -1036,10 +1036,10 @@
 <div id="footer">
 
 <p>
-Please send FSF &amp; GNU inquiries to <a
-href="mailto:address@hidden";>&lt;address@hidden&gt;</a>.  There are also <a
-href="/contact/">other ways to contact</a> the FSF.  <br /> Please send
-broken links and other corrections or suggestions to <a
+Veuillez envoyer les requêtes concernant la FSF et GNU à <a
+href="mailto:address@hidden";><em>address@hidden</em></a>. Il existe aussi <a
+href="/contact/">d'autres moyens de contacter</a> la FSF. <br /> Veuillez
+envoyer les liens orphelins ou d'autres suggestions à <a
 href="mailto:address@hidden";>&lt;address@hidden&gt;</a>.
 </p>
 
@@ -1068,7 +1068,7 @@
 <!-- timestamp start -->
 Dernière mise à jour&nbsp;:
 
-$Date: 2009/11/14 09:26:18 $
+$Date: 2009/11/30 21:26:49 $
 
 <!-- timestamp end -->
 </p>

Index: philosophy/social-inertia.fr.html
===================================================================
RCS file: /web/www/www/philosophy/social-inertia.fr.html,v
retrieving revision 1.7
retrieving revision 1.8
diff -u -b -r1.7 -r1.8
--- philosophy/social-inertia.fr.html   27 Oct 2009 08:26:12 -0000      1.7
+++ philosophy/social-inertia.fr.html   30 Nov 2009 21:26:49 -0000      1.8
@@ -10,55 +10,68 @@
 <p>par <a href="http://www.stallman.org/";><strong>Richard 
Stallman</strong></a></p>
 
 <p>
-Almost two decades have passed since the combination of GNU and Linux first
-made it possible to use a PC in freedom.  We have come a long way since
-then.  Now you can even buy a laptop with GNU/Linux preinstalled from more
-than one hardware vendor&mdash;although the systems they ship are not
-entirely free software.  So what holds us back from total success?</p>
-
-<p>
-The main obstacle to the triumph of software freedom is social inertia.  It
-exists in many forms, and you have surely seen some of them.  Examples
-include devices that only work on Windows, commercial Web sites accessible
-only with Windows, and the BBC's iPlayer handcuffware, which runs only on
-Windows.  If you value short-term convenience instead of freedom, you might
-consider these reason enough to use Windows.  Most companies currently run
-Windows, so students who think short-term want to learn how to use it and
-ask their schools to teach it.  Schools teach Windows, produce graduates
-that are used to using Windows, and this encourages businesses to use
+Quinze ans ont pass&eacute; depuis que la combinaison de GNU et de Linux a
+permis pour la premi&egrave;re fois l'utilisation d'un PC en toute
+libert&eacute;. Pendant ce temps, nous avons parcouru beaucoup de
+chemin. Vous pouvez m&ecirc;me acheter un portable avec GNU/Linux
+pr&eacute;-install&eacute; chez plus d'un vendeur de mat&eacute;riel, bien
+que les syst&egrave;mes qu'ils fournissent ne soient pas totalement
+constitu&eacute;s de logiciels libres. Alors, qu'est-ce qui nous
+emp&ecirc;che d'obtenir un succ&egrave;s total&nbsp;?</p>
+
+<p>
+Le principal obstacle au triomphe des logiciels libres est l'inertie
+sociale. Vous avez s&ucirc;rement constat&eacute; ses multiples
+formes. Beaucoup de sites Web commerciauxne sont accessibles qu'avec
+Windows. Le menoticiel de la BBC, iPlayer, ne fonctionne que sous
+Windows. Si vous privil&eacute;giez la commodit&eacute; &agrave; court terme
+plut&ocirc;t que la libert&eacute;, vous pourriez envisager ces raisons pour
+utiliser Windows. La plupart des entreprises utilisent actuellement Windows,
+donc les &eacute;tudiants qui pensent &agrave; court terme veulent apprendre
+Windows et demandent aux &eacute;coles d'enseigner Windows, ce qu'elles
+font, conduisant par cons&eacute;quent beaucoup d'autres &eacute;tudiants
+&agrave; utiliser Windows, et ceci encourage les entreprises à utiliser
 Windows.</p>
 
-<p>Microsoft actively nurtures this inertia: it encourages schools to inculcate
-dependency on Windows, and contracts to set up Web sites that then turn out
-to work only with Internet Explorer.</p>
-
-<p>
-A few years ago, Microsoft ads argued that Windows was cheaper to run than
-GNU/Linux.  Their comparisons were debunked, but it is worth noting the
-deeper flaw in their argument, the implicit premise which cites a form of
-social inertia: &ldquo;Currently, more technical people know Windows than
-GNU/Linux.&rdquo; People who value their freedom would not give it up to
-save money, but many business executives believe ideologically that
-everything they possess, even their freedom, should be for sale.</p>
-
-<p>
-Social inertia consists of people who have given in to social inertia.  When
-you surrender to social inertia, you become part of the pressure it exerts
-on others; when you resist it, you reduce it.  We conquer social inertia by
-identifying it, and resolving not to be part of it.</p>
-
-<p>
-Here a weakness holds our community back: most GNU/Linux users have never
-even heard the ideas of freedom that motivated the development of GNU, so
-they still judge matters based on short-term convenience rather than on
-their freedom.  This makes them vulnerable to being led by the nose by
-social inertia, so that they become part of the inertia.</p>
-
-<p>
-To build our community's strength to resist, we need to talk about free
-software and freedom&mdash;not merely about the practical benefits that open
-source supporters cite.  As more people recognize what they need to do to
-overcome the inertia, we will make more progress.</p>
+<p>Microsoft nourrit activement cette inertie&nbsp;: il encourage les écoles 
à
+inculquer la dépendance à Windows, et fait des contrats pour réaliser des
+sites qui s'avèrent ne fonctionner qu'avec Internet Explorer.</p>
+
+<p>
+Il y a quelques ann&eacute;es, les publicit&eacute;s de Microsoft
+soutenaient que Windows revenait moins cher que GNU/Linux. Leurs
+comparaisons ont &eacute;t&eacute; d&eacute;mystifi&eacute;es, mais il est
+int&eacute;ressant de noter que le plus s&eacute;rieux de leurs arguments se
+r&eacute;duit &agrave; l'inertie sociale&nbsp;: &laquo;&nbsp;Actuellement,
+plus de personnes dans la technique connaissent Windows que
+GNU/Linux.&nbsp;&raquo; Les gens qui accordent de la valeur &agrave; leur
+libert&eacute; ne l'abandonneraient pas pour &eacute;conomiser de l'argent,
+mais beaucoup de dirigeants de soci&eacute;t&eacute;s croient
+id&eacute;ologiquement que tout ce qu'ils poss&egrave;dent, m&ecirc;me leur
+libert&eacute;, devrait &ecirc;tre &agrave; vendre.</p>
+
+<p>
+L'inertie sociale se constitue de gens penchant vers l'inertie
+sociale. Quand vous vous laissez gagner par l'inertie sociale, vous
+l'alimentez&nbsp;; quand vous lui r&eacute;sistez, vous la
+r&eacute;duisez. Nous vainquons l'inertie en l'identifiant et en
+d&eacute;cidant de ne pas en faire partie.</p>
+
+<p>
+Voici o&ugrave; la faiblesse philosophique de la plus grande partie de notre
+communaut&eacute; nous freine. La plupart des utilisateurs de GNU/Linux
+n'ont m&ecirc;me jamais entendu parlé des id&eacute;es de libert&eacute; qui
+ont motiv&eacute; le d&eacute;veloppement de GNU, ils jugent donc encore les
+choses selon des crit&egrave;res de commodit&eacute; &agrave; court terme
+plut&ocirc;t que de libert&eacute;. Cela les rend tout dispos&eacute;s
+&agrave; &ecirc;tre men&eacute;s par le bout du nez, via l'inertiesociale.</p>
+
+<p>
+Pour changer cela, nous devons parler de logiciels libres et de
+libert&eacute; &mdash; pas seulement des b&eacute;n&eacute;fices pratiques
+comme ceux avanc&eacute;s par l'open source. Ainsi, nous pourrons
+&eacute;tayer la force de notre communaut&eacute; et nous parviendrons
+&agrave; vaincre l'inertie sociale.</p>
 
 
 <div style="font-size: small;">
@@ -104,7 +117,7 @@
 <!-- timestamp start -->
 Dernière mise à jour&nbsp;:
 
-$Date: 2009/10/27 08:26:12 $
+$Date: 2009/11/30 21:26:49 $
 
 <!-- timestamp end -->
 </p>

Index: philosophy/speeches-and-interview.fr.html
===================================================================
RCS file: /web/www/www/philosophy/speeches-and-interview.fr.html,v
retrieving revision 1.13
retrieving revision 1.14
diff -u -b -r1.13 -r1.14
--- philosophy/speeches-and-interview.fr.html   2 Aug 2009 20:29:43 -0000       
1.13
+++ philosophy/speeches-and-interview.fr.html   30 Nov 2009 21:26:49 -0000      
1.14
@@ -9,6 +9,10 @@
 <h2>Discours et entretiens (en ordre chronologique inverse)</h2>
 
 <ul>
+ <li><a href="/philosophy/danger-of-software-patents.html">Le danger des 
brevets
+logiciels</a>, transcription d'un discours de <a
+href="http://www.stallman.org";>Richard Stallman</a>.</li>
+
   <li><a
 
href="http://broadcast.oreilly.com/2009/04/stallman-discusses-free-softwa.html";>Transcription
 d'un entretien avec Richard Stallman</a> mené par Federico Biancuzzi pour
@@ -263,10 +267,17 @@
 &eacute;galement disponible.</li>
 </ul>
 
-<hr />
+<h3>Liens vers d'autres articles</h3>
+
+<ul>
+<li id="Speeches"><a href="essays-and-articles.fr.html">Essais et articles</a>
+</li>
+<li id="ThirdPartyIdeas"><a href="third-party-ideas.frhtml">Idées de tierces 
parties</a></li>
+<li id="Philosophy"><a href="/philosophy/philosophy.fr.html">Page principale 
de la philosophie
+GNU</a></li>
+</ul>
+
 
-<p><a href="/philosophy/philosophy.fr.html">Plus d'articles sur la philosophie
-du Projet GNU</a></p>
 
 
 <div style="font-size: small;">
@@ -295,7 +306,7 @@
 
 <p>
 Copyright &copy; 1996, 1997, 1998, 1999, 2000, 2001, 2002, 2003, 2004, 2005,
-2006, 2007, 2008 Free Software Foundation, Inc.,</p>
+2006, 2007, 2008, 2009 Free Software Foundation, Inc.</p>
 <address>51 Franklin St, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA 02110-1301, USA</address>
 <p>La reproduction exacte et la distribution intégrale de cet article est
 permise sur n'importe quel support d'archivage, pourvu que cette notice soit
@@ -312,7 +323,7 @@
 <!-- timestamp start -->
 Dernière mise à jour&nbsp;:
 
-$Date: 2009/08/02 20:29:43 $
+$Date: 2009/11/30 21:26:49 $
 
 <!-- timestamp end -->
 </p>

Index: philosophy/third-party-ideas.fr.html
===================================================================
RCS file: /web/www/www/philosophy/third-party-ideas.fr.html,v
retrieving revision 1.11
retrieving revision 1.12
diff -u -b -r1.11 -r1.12
--- philosophy/third-party-ideas.fr.html        23 Sep 2009 08:27:09 -0000      
1.11
+++ philosophy/third-party-ideas.fr.html        30 Nov 2009 21:26:49 -0000      
1.12
@@ -207,9 +207,10 @@
 soul&egrave;vent.</li>
 
   <li><a
-href="http://web.archive.org/web/20020222080928/www.byte.com/documents/s=2302/byt1011380870846/";>
-Coding is a Crime</a>, by Shannon Cochran, is a commentary on the indictment
-of Jon Johansen on felony charges for helping write DeCSS.</li>
+href="http://web.archive.org/web/20020222080928/www.byte.com/documents/s=2302/byt1011380870846/";>Coder
+est une délit</a>, par Shannon Cochran, est un commentaire sur l'inculpation
+criminelle de Jon Johansen pour avoir aid&eacute; &agrave; &eacute;crire
+DeCSS.</li>
 
   <li><a href="http://james-boyle.com/papers.pdf";>The Second Enclosure Movement
 and the Construction of the Public Domain.</a>, par James Boyle.</li>
@@ -457,10 +458,15 @@
 
 </ul>
 
-<hr />
+<h3>Liens vers d'autres articles</h3>
+
+<ul>
+<li id="EssaysAndArticles"><a href="essays-and-articles.fr.html">Essais et 
articles</a></li>
+<li id="Speeches"><a href="speeches-and-interview.fr.html">Discours et 
entretiens</a></li>
+<li id="Philosophy"><a href="/philosophy/philosophy.fr.html">Page principale 
de la philosophie
+GNU</a></li>
+</ul>
 
-<p><a href="/philosophy/philosophy.fr.html">Plus d'articles sur la philosophie
-du Projet GNU</a></p>
 
 
 <div style="font-size: small;">
@@ -505,7 +511,7 @@
 <!-- timestamp start -->
 Dernière mise à jour&nbsp;:
 
-$Date: 2009/09/23 08:27:09 $
+$Date: 2009/11/30 21:26:49 $
 
 <!-- timestamp end -->
 </p>

Index: philosophy/university.fr.html
===================================================================
RCS file: /web/www/www/philosophy/university.fr.html,v
retrieving revision 1.24
retrieving revision 1.25
diff -u -b -r1.24 -r1.25
--- philosophy/university.fr.html       17 Nov 2009 09:27:27 -0000      1.24
+++ philosophy/university.fr.html       30 Nov 2009 21:26:49 -0000      1.25
@@ -3,21 +3,24 @@
 <!--#include virtual="/server/header.fr.html" -->
 
 <!-- This file is automatically generated by GNUnited Nations! -->
-<title>Releasing Free Software If You Work at a University - GNU Project - Free
-Software Foundation (FSF)</title>
+<title>Publier des logiciels libres si vous travaillez &agrave; 
l'universit&eacute;
+- GNU Project - Free Software Foundation (FSF)</title>
 
 <!--#include virtual="/server/banner.fr.html" -->
-<h2>Releasing Free Software If You Work at a University</h2>
+<h2>Publier des logiciels libres si vous travaillez &agrave; 
l'universit&eacute;</h2>
 
 <p>
-In the free software movement, we believe computer users should have the
-freedom to change and redistribute the software that they use.  The
-&ldquo;free&rdquo; in &ldquo;free software&rdquo; refers to freedom: it
-means users have the freedom to run, modify and redistribute the software.
-Free software contributes to human knowledge, while nonfree software does
-not.  Universities should therefore encourage free software for the sake of
-advancing human knowledge, just as they should encourage scientists and
-other scholars to publish their work.</p>
+Dans le Mouvement du logiciel libre, nous pensons que les utilisateurs
+d'ordinateurs devraient &ecirc;tre libres de modifier et de redistribuer les
+logiciels qu'ils utilisent. Le &laquo;&nbsp;libre&nbsp;&raquo; de logiciel
+libre renvoie bien &agrave; la notion de libert&eacute;&nbsp;: il signifie
+que les utilisateurs ont la libert&eacute; d'ex&eacute;cuter, demodifier et
+de redistribuer le logiciel <sup><a href="#TransNote1">1</a></sup>. Le
+logiciel libre contribue au savoir humain, au contraire des logiciels non
+libres. Les universit&eacute;s devraient doncencourager le logiciel libre
+dans l'int&eacute;r&ecirc;t de l'avanc&eacute;e de la connaissance humaine,
+de la m&ecirc;me mani&egrave;re qu'elles devraient encourager les
+scientifiques etles &eacute;tudiants &agrave; publier leurs travaux.</p>
 
 <p>
 H&eacute;las, bien des directeurs d'universit&eacute;s ont une attitude
@@ -28,46 +31,59 @@
 cette tendance depuis presque 20 ans.</p>
 
 <p>
-When I started developing the <a href="/gnu/thegnuproject.html">GNU
-operating system</a>, in 1984, my first step was to quit my job at MIT.  I
-did this specifically so that the MIT licensing office would be unable to
-interfere with releasing GNU as free software.  I had planned an approach
-for licensing the programs in GNU that would ensure that all modified
-versions must be free software as well&mdash;an approach that developed into
-the <a href="/licenses/gpl.html">GNU General Public License</a> (GNU
-GPL)&mdash;and I did not want to have to beg the MIT administration to let
-me use it.</p>
-
-<p>
-Over the years, university affiliates have often come to the Free Software
-Foundation for advice on how to cope with administrators who see software
-only as something to sell.  One good method, applicable even for
-specifically funded projects, is to base your work on an existing program
-that was released under the GNU GPL.  Then you can tell the administrators,
-&ldquo;We're not allowed to release the modified version except under the
-GNU GPL&mdash;any other way would be copyright infringement.&rdquo; After
-the dollar signs fade from their eyes, they will usually consent to
-releasing it as free software.</p>
-
-<p>
-You can also ask your funding sponsor for help.  When a group at NYU
-developed the GNU Ada Compiler, with funding from the US Air Force, the
-contract explicitly called for donating the resulting code to the Free
-Software Foundation.  Work out the arrangement with the sponsor first, then
-politely show the university administration that it is not open to
-renegotiation.  They would rather have a contract to develop free software
-than no contract at all, so they will most likely go along.</p>
-
-<p>
-Whatever you do, raise the issue early&mdash;well before the program is half
-finished.  At this point, the university still needs you, so you can play
-hardball: tell the administration you will finish the program, make it
-usable, if they agree in writing to make it free software (and agree to your
-choice of free software license).  Otherwise you will work on it only enough
-to write a paper about it, and never make a version good enough to release.
-When the administrators know their choice is to have a free software package
-that brings credit to the university or nothing at all, they will usually
-choose the former.</p>
+Quand j'ai commenc&eacute; &agrave; d&eacute;velopper le <a
+href="/gnu/thegnuproject.fr.html">syst&egrave;me d'exploitation GNU</a> en
+1984, mon premier pas a &eacute;t&eacute; de d&eacute;missionner de mon
+poste au MIT. J'ai fait cela sp&eacute;cialement pour que le bureau des
+licences du MIT ne puisse interf&eacute;rer avec la diffusion de GNU en tant
+que logiciel libre. L'approche que j'avais &eacute;labor&eacute;e pour les
+licences des programmes de GNU permet de garantir que toutes les versions
+modifi&eacute;es doivent &ecirc;tre aussi des logiciels libres, un concept
+qui s'est approfondi dans <a href="/licences/gpl.html">la Licence  publique
+g&eacute;n&eacute;rale GNU</a> (GPL GNU), et je ne voulais pas avoir
+&agrave; supplier l'administration du MIT de me laisser l'utiliser.</p>
+
+<p>
+Pendant des ann&eacute;es, des universitaires ont souvent contact&eacute; la
+Fondation pour le logiciel libre afin d'obtenir des conseils sur la
+mani&egrave;re de s'arranger avecdes directions qui voient seulement dans le
+logiciel quelque chose qui puisse se vendre. Une bonne m&eacute;thode, qui
+peut m&ecirc;me &ecirc;tre appliqu&eacute;e sur des projets financ&eacute;s
+de fa&ccedil;on sp&eacute;cifique, est de baser votre travail sur un
+programme existant qui a &eacute;t&eacute; publi&eacute; sous licence GPL
+GNU. Vous pouvez alors dire aux gestionnaires : &laquo;&nbsp;Nous n'avons
+pas le droit de diffuser la version modifi&eacute;e autrement que sous GPL
+GNU (toute autre fa&ccedil;on constituerait une violation de
+copyright).&nbsp;&raquo; Une fois &eacute;vanouis sous leurs yeux les
+symboles de dollars, ils consentiront g&eacute;n&eacute;ralement &agrave; le
+diffuser en tant que logiciel libre.</p>
+
+<p>
+Vous pouvez aussi appeler &agrave; l'aide votre sponsor financier. Quand un
+groupe de <abbr title="New-York University">NYU</abbr> a
+d&eacute;velopp&eacute; le compilateur Ada GNU, avec le financement de
+l'U.S. Air Force, le contrat pr&eacute;cisait explicitement que le code
+r&eacute;sultant serait c&eacute;d&eacute; &agrave; la Fondation pour le
+logiciel libre. Obtenez un arrangement avec votre sponsor tout d'abord, puis
+faites remarquer poliment &agrave; l'administration de votre
+universit&eacute; que ce point n'est pas ren&eacute;gociable. Elle
+pr&eacute;f&eacute;rera un contrat pour d&eacute;velopper un logiciel libre
+que pas de contrat du tout, donc elle s'en accommodera  vraisemblablement.</p>
+
+<p>
+Quoi que vous fassiez, posez le probl&egrave;me au plus t&ocirc;t
+(certainement avant que le programme ne soit &agrave; moiti&eacute;
+termin&eacute;). &Agrave; ce stade, l'universit&eacute; a encore besoin de
+vous, donc vous pouvez n&eacute;gocier durement : dites &agrave;
+l'administration que vous terminerez le programme, le rendrez utilisable,
+s'ils acceptent par &eacute;crit d'en faire un logiciel libre (sous la
+licence de logiciel libre que vous aurez choisie). Sinon vous travaillerez
+dessus juste assez pour pouvoir &eacute;crire un papier &agrave; son propos,
+et ne cr&eacute;erez jamais une version suffisamment correcte pour
+&ecirc;tre diffus&eacute;e. Quand la direction comprendra qu'elle n'a le
+choix qu'entre un paquetage de logiciel libre qui cr&eacute;ditera
+l'universit&eacute; et rien du tout, elle choisira
+g&eacute;n&eacute;ralement la premi&egrave;re solution.</p>
 
 <p>
 Toutes les universit&eacute;s n'ont pas des politiques
@@ -85,19 +101,23 @@
 s'entretenir elle-m&ecirc;me&nbsp;?</p>
 
 <p>
-Whatever approach you use, it helps to approach the issue with determination
-and based on an ethical perspective, as we do in the free software
-movement.  To treat the public ethically, the software should be
-free&mdash;as in freedom&mdash;for the whole public.</p>
-
-<p>
-Many developers of free software profess narrowly practical reasons for
-doing so: they advocate allowing others to share and change software as an
-expedient for making software powerful and reliable.  If those values
-motivate you to develop free software, well and good, and thank you for your
-contribution.  But those values do not give you a good footing to stand firm
-when university administrators pressure or tempt you to make the program
-nonfree.</p>
+Quelle que soit l'approche que vous choisissez, faire preuve de
+d&eacute;termination et opter pour une perspective &eacute;thique, comme
+nous le faisons au sein du Mouvement du logiciel libre, aide toujours. Pour
+faire preuve d'&eacute;thique envers le public, le logiciel devrait
+&ecirc;tre libre pour l'ensemble du public.</p>
+
+<p>
+Beaucoup de d&eacute;veloppeurs de logiciels libres font &eacute;tat d'une
+motivation pour produire du logiciel libre pragmatique et
+limit&eacute;e&nbsp;: ils soutiennent que permettre aux autres de partager
+et de modifier le logiciel a pour avantage la construction de logiciels
+puissants et fiables. Si ces valeurs vous motivent &agrave;
+d&eacute;velopper du logiciel libre, c'est bon et bien, et nous vous
+remercions pour votre contribution. Mais ces valeurs ne vous aideront pas
+&agrave; rester ferme face &agrave; la direction de l'universit&eacute;
+quand elle essaiera de faire pression ou de vous inciter &agrave; rendre le
+programme non libre.</p>
 
 <p>
 Par exemple, elle pourra avancer&nbsp;: &laquo;&nbsp;Nous pourrons le rendre
@@ -112,13 +132,17 @@
 universitaire, ce qui est (selon eux) tout ce dont vous avezbesoin.</p>
 
 <p>
-If you start from values of convenience alone, it is hard to make a good
-case for rejecting these dead-end proposals, but you can do it easily if you
-base your stand on ethical and political values.  What good is it to make a
-program powerful and reliable at the expense of users' freedom? Shouldn't
-freedom apply outside academia as well as within it? The answers are obvious
-if freedom and community are among your goals.  Free software respects the
-users' freedom, while nonfree software negates it.</p>
+Si vous partez de valeurs &laquo;&nbsp;pragmatiques&nbsp;&raquo;, il est
+difficile de donner une bonne raison pour rejeter ces propositions sans
+issue, alors que vous pouvez le faire facilement si vous basez votre
+position sur des valeurs &eacute;thiques et politiques. Qu'y a-t'il de bon
+&agrave; faire un programme puissant et fiable au prix de la libert&eacute;
+des utilisateurs&nbsp;? La libert&eacute; ne devrait-elle pas s'appliquer
+tout autant &agrave; l'ext&eacute;rieur qu'&agrave; l'int&eacute;rieur de
+l'Universit&eacute;&nbsp;? Les r&eacute;ponses sont &eacute;videntes si la
+libert&eacute; et la communaut&eacute; font partie de vos objectifs. Le
+logiciel libre respecte la libert&eacute; des utilisateurs, alors que les
+logiciels non libres la bafouent.</p>
 
 <p>
 Rien ne peut renforcer plus votre r&eacute;solution que le fait de savoir
@@ -177,7 +201,7 @@
 <!-- timestamp start -->
 Dernière mise à jour&nbsp;:
 
-$Date: 2009/11/17 09:27:27 $
+$Date: 2009/11/30 21:26:49 $
 
 <!-- timestamp end -->
 </p>

Index: philosophy/why-free.fr.html
===================================================================
RCS file: /web/www/www/philosophy/why-free.fr.html,v
retrieving revision 1.26
retrieving revision 1.27
diff -u -b -r1.26 -r1.27
--- philosophy/why-free.fr.html 26 Nov 2009 09:26:11 -0000      1.26
+++ philosophy/why-free.fr.html 30 Nov 2009 21:26:49 -0000      1.27
@@ -29,12 +29,14 @@
 et modifier les logiciels que nous utilisons.</p>
 
 <p>
-The copyright system grew up with printing&mdash;a technology for
-mass-production copying.  Copyright fit in well with this technology because
-it restricted only the mass producers of copies.  It did not take freedom
-away from readers of books.  An ordinary reader, who did not own a printing
-press, could copy books only with pen and ink, and few readers were sued for
-that.</p>
+Le syst&egrave;me du droit d'auteur s'est d&eacute;velopp&eacute; en
+m&ecirc;me temps que l'imprimerie, une technique de copie &agrave; grande
+&eacute;chelle. Le droit d'auteur &eacute;tait adapt&eacute; &agrave; cette
+technologie parce qu'il ne limitait que la copie &agrave; grande
+&eacute;chelle. Il ne privait pas les lecteurs de livres de leurs
+libert&eacute;s : le lecteur moyen ne poss&eacute;dait pas de presse
+&agrave; imprimer, et il pouvait recopier des livres avec sa plume et son
+encrier, et peu de lecteurs furent prousuivis pour cela.</p>
 
 <p>
 Les techniques num&eacute;riques sont plus souples que la presse
@@ -144,10 +146,11 @@
 pens&eacute;e routini&egrave;re.</p>
 
 <p>
-It's elementary that laws don't decide right and wrong.  Every American
-should know that, in the 1950s, it was against the law in many states for a
-black person to sit in the front of a bus; but only racists would say
-sitting there was wrong.</p></li>
+En aucune fa&ccedil;on les lois ne sont des arbitres du bien et du mal. Tout
+Am&eacute;ricain devrait savoir que dans les années 1950, dans de nombreux
+&Eacute;tats, il &eacute;tait ill&eacute;gal pour un Noir de s'asseoir
+&agrave; l'avant d'un autobus. Cependant seuls les racistes diront que
+c'&eacute;tait mal de le faire.</p></li>
 
 <li id="natural-rights">Les droits naturels.
 
@@ -173,11 +176,14 @@
 g&eacute;n&eacute;ralement pour l'une des deux raisons suivantes.</p>
 
 <p>
-One reason is an overstretched analogy with material objects.  When I cook
-spaghetti, I do object if someone else eats it, because then I cannot eat
-it.  His action hurts me exactly as much as it benefits him; only one of us
-can eat the spaghetti, so the question is, which one? The smallest
-distinction between us is enough to tip the ethical balance.</p>
+La premi&egrave;re de ces raisons repose sur une analogie abusive avec les
+objets mat&eacute;riels. Si je pr&eacute;pare un plat de spaghetti, cela ne
+me va pas me convenir que quelqu'un d'autre que moi les mange, parce
+qu'alors je ne pourrai plus les manger moi-m&ecirc;me. En mangeant mes
+spaghetti, l'autre personne me cause un dommage dans l'exacte mesure de son
+b&eacute;n&eacute;fice &agrave; elle. D'elle ou de moi, une seule personne
+peut avoir les spaghetti, la question est de savoir qui. La plus petite
+distinction entre nous deux suffit &agrave; faire pencher la balance 
morale.</p>
 
 <p>
 Mais le cas d'un programme que j'ai &eacute;crit est tr&egrave;s
@@ -224,20 +230,23 @@
 produiront plus de logiciels s'ils sont mieux pay&eacute;s pour le faire.</p>
 
 <p>
-But the economic argument has a flaw: it is based on the assumption that the
-difference is only a matter of how much money we have to pay.  It assumes
-that <i>production of software</i> is what we want, whether the software has
-owners or not.</p>
-
-<p>
-People readily accept this assumption because it accords with our
-experiences with material objects.  Consider a sandwich, for instance.  You
-might well be able to get an equivalent sandwich either gratis or for a
-price.  If so, the amount you pay is the only difference.  Whether or not
-you have to buy it, the sandwich has the same taste, the same nutritional
-value, and in either case you can only eat it once.  Whether you get the
-sandwich from an owner or not cannot directly affect anything but the amount
-of money you have afterwards.</p>
+Mais cet argument &eacute;conomique a le d&eacute;faut d'&ecirc;tre
+bas&eacute; sur l'hypoth&egrave;se discutable que la diff&eacute;rence se
+fera en fonction de l'argent que nous voulons bien donner. On tient pour
+acquis que ce que nous voulons c'est de la &laquo;&nbsp;production de
+logiciels&nbsp;&raquo;, avec ou sans propri&eacute;taire.</p>
+
+<p>
+Le public accepte facilement cette hypoth&egrave;se parce qu'elle correspond
+&agrave; son exp&eacute;rience des objets mat&eacute;riels. Si nous prenons
+l'exemple du sandwich, on peut sans doute r&eacute;ussir &agrave; en trouver
+deux qui soient identiques, l'un gratuit, l'autre payant. Si c'est le cas la
+somme pay&eacute;e ou non est la seule diff&eacute;rence entre les deux. Que
+vous deviez ou non le payer, le sandwich aura le m&ecirc;me go&ucirc;t, la
+m&ecirc;me valeur nutritive et en tous cas vous ne pourrez le manger qu'une
+seule fois. Le fait le sandwich vous ait &eacute;t&eacute; fourni, ou non,
+par un propri&eacute;taire n'a d'influence directe que sur la somme d'argent
+dont vous disposez par la suite.</p>
 
 <p>
 Ceci est vrai pour tout type d'objet mat&eacute;riel. Le fait qu'ils aient
@@ -269,10 +278,12 @@
 libert&eacute; de contr&ocirc;ler un des aspects de leur vie.</p>
 
 <p>
-And, above all, society needs to encourage the spirit of voluntary
-cooperation in its citizens.  When software owners tell us that helping our
-neighbors in a natural way is &ldquo;piracy&rdquo;, they pollute our
-society's civic spirit.</p>
+Surtout, la soci&eacute;t&eacute; a besoin d'encourager l'esprit de
+coop&eacute;ration volontaire de ses citoyens. Quand les
+propri&eacute;taires de logiciels qualifient de
+&laquo;&nbsp;pillage&nbsp;&raquo; le fait d'aider notre voisin d'une
+fa&ccedil;on simple et naturelle, ils polluent l'esprit civique de notre
+soci&eacute;t&eacute;.</p>
 
 <p>
 C'est pourquoi nous disons que le <a
@@ -288,10 +299,12 @@
 &eacute;crivent il nous faut r&eacute;colter des fonds.</p>
 
 <p>
-Since the 1980s, free software developers have tried various methods of
-finding funds, with some success.  There's no need to make anyone rich; a
-typical income is plenty of incentive to do many jobs that are less
-satisfying than programming.</p>
+Depuis les années 1980, les d&eacute;veloppeurs de logiciels libres
+essaient, avec un certain succ&egrave;s, diverses m&eacute;thodes pour
+trouver des financements. Il n'est pas indispensable pour cela d'enrichir
+quelqu'un&nbsp;; un revenu moyen a fait la preuve de sa capacit&eacute;
+suffisante comme stimulant pour beaucoup de m&eacute;tiers moins
+satisfaisants que la programmation.</p>
 
 <p>
 Pendant des ann&eacute;es, jusqu'&agrave; ce que la cr&eacute;ation d'une
@@ -305,31 +318,39 @@
 consid&eacute;r&eacute;es comme prioritaires.</p>
 
 <p>
-Some free software developers make money by selling support services.  In
-1994, Cygnus Support, with around 50 employees, estimated that about 15 per
-cent of its staff activity was free software development&mdash;a respectable
-percentage for a software company.</p>
-
-<p>
-In the early 90s, companies including Intel, Motorola, Texas Instruments and
-Analog Devices combined to fund the continued development of the GNU C
-compiler.  Most GCC development is still done by paid developers.  The GNU
-compiler for the Ada language was funded in the 90s by the US Air Force, and
-continued since then by a company formed specifically for the purpose.</p>
-
-<p>
-The free software movement is still small, but the example of
-listener-supported radio in the US shows it's possible to support a large
-activity without forcing each user to pay.</p>
-
-<p>
-As a computer user today, you may find yourself using a <a
-href="/philosophy/categories.html#ProprietarySoftware">proprietary</a>
-program.  If your friend asks to make a copy, it would be wrong to refuse.
-Cooperation is more important than copyright.  But underground, closet
-cooperation does not make for a good society.  A person should aspire to
-live an upright life openly with pride, and this means saying no to
-proprietary software.</p>
+Certains d&eacute;veloppeurs de logiciels libres gagnent leur vie en vendant
+des services de support technique. En 1994, Cygnus Support, avec 50
+employ&eacute;s, estime que 15 pourcents de l'activit&eacute; de ses
+&eacute;quipes est consacr&eacute;e au d&eacute;veloppement de logiciels
+libres&mdash;pourcentage fort respectable pour une soci&eacute;t&eacute; de
+logiciels.</p>
+
+<p>
+Au début des années 1990, des sociétés, parmi lesquelles Intel, Motorola,
+Texas Instruments et Analog Devices, se sont regroup&eacute;es pour financer
+le d&eacute;veloppement du compilateur libre GNU pour le langage C. La
+plupart du développement de GCC est encore faite par des développeurs
+payés. Le compilateur libre GNU pour le langage Ada a été fondé dans les
+années 1990 par la US Air Force, et son développement continue depuis avec
+une société spécialement créée pour cela.</p>
+
+<p>
+Le mouvement du logiciel libre est encore petit et encore jeune. Mais
+l'exemple de la radio financ&eacute;e par les auditeurs aux
+&Eacute;tats-Unis montre qu'il est possible de soutenir une activit&eacute;
+importante sans forcer chaque utilisateur &agrave; payer.</p>
+
+<p>
+En tant qu'utilisateur d'ordinateur aujourd'hui, vous utilisez
+peut-&ecirc;tre un <a
+href="/philosophy/categories.fr.html#ProprietarySoftware">programme
+propri&eacute;taire</a>. Si votre ami vous en demande une copie, ce serait
+mal de refuser. La coop&eacute;ration est plus importante que le droit de
+copie. Cependant, dans le fond, la coop&eacute;ration en circuit
+ferm&eacute; ne permettra pas de b&acirc;tir une bonne
+soci&eacute;t&eacute;. Chacun devrait aspirer &agrave; une vie honn&ecirc;te
+men&eacute;e ouvertement et avec fiert&eacute;, et pour cela il faut dire
+&laquo;&nbsp;non&nbsp;!&nbsp;&raquo; au logiciel propri&eacute;taire.</p>
 
 <p>
 Vous m&eacute;ritez de pouvoir coop&eacute;rer ouvertement et librement avec
@@ -379,9 +400,9 @@
 </p>
 
 <p>
-Copyright &copy; 1994, 2009 Richard Stallman <br /> Verbatim copying and
-distribution of this entire article is permitted in any medium without
-royalty provided this notice is preserved.
+Copyright &copy; 1994, 2009 Richard Stallman <br />La reproduction exacte et
+la distribution intégrale de cet article est permise sur n'importe quel
+support d'archivage, pourvu que cette notice soit préservée.
 </p>
 
 
@@ -394,7 +415,7 @@
 <!-- timestamp start -->
 Dernière mise à jour&nbsp;:
 
-$Date: 2009/11/26 09:26:11 $
+$Date: 2009/11/30 21:26:49 $
 
 <!-- timestamp end -->
 </p>

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diff -u -b -r1.47 -r1.48
--- philosophy/words-to-avoid.fr.html   26 Nov 2009 09:26:11 -0000      1.47
+++ philosophy/words-to-avoid.fr.html   30 Nov 2009 21:26:49 -0000      1.48
@@ -3,16 +3,18 @@
 <!--#include virtual="/server/header.fr.html" -->
 
 <!-- This file is automatically generated by GNUnited Nations! -->
-<title>Confusing Words and Phrases That Are Worth Avoiding - GNU Project - Free
-Software Foundation (FSF)</title>
+<title>Mots et phrases pr&ecirc;tant &agrave; confusion, que vous devriez
+&eacute;viter - GNU Project - Free Software Foundation (FSF)</title>
 
 <!--#include virtual="/server/banner.fr.html" -->
-<h2>Some Confusing or Loaded Words and Phrases to Avoid (or Use with Care)</h2>
+<h2>Mots ou phrases pr&ecirc;tant &agrave; confusion, que vous devriez
+&eacute;viter (ou utiliser avec précaution)</h2>
 
 <p>
-There are a number of words and phrases that we recommend avoiding, or
-avoiding in certain contexts and usages.  Some are ambiguous or misleading;
-others presuppose a viewpoint that we hope you disagree with.</p>
+Nous vous recommandons d'&eacute;viter un certain nombre de mots et de
+phrases, soit parce qu'ils sont ambigus, soit parce qu'ils sugg&egrave;rent
+des opinions avec lesquelles nous esp&eacute;rons que vous n'&ecirc;tes pas
+enti&egrave;rement d'accord.</p>
 
 <div class="announcement">
 Veuillez aussi consulter <a
@@ -74,11 +76,12 @@
 
 <h4 id="BSD-style">&laquo;&nbsp;BSD-style&nbsp;&raquo;</h4>
 <p>
-The expression &ldquo;BSD-style license&rdquo; leads to confusion because it
-<a href="/philosophy/bsd.html">lumps together licenses that have important
-differences</a>.  For instance, the original BSD license with the
-advertising clause is incompatible with the GNU General Public License, but
-the revised BSD license is compatible with the GPL.</p>
+L'expression &laquo;&nbsp;BSD-style license&nbsp;&raquo; (n.d.t&nbsp;:
+licence de type BSD) pr&ecirc;te &agrave; confusion car elle <a
+href="/philosophy/bsd.fr.html">m&eacute;lange des licences qui ont des
+diff&eacute;rences importantes</a>.Par exemple, la licence originale BSD
+avec sa clause publicitaire, est incompatible avec la GPL GNU, mais la
+licence BSD r&eacute;vis&eacute;e est compatible avec la GPL.</p>
 <p>
 Pour &eacute;viter toute confusion, il est pr&eacute;f&eacute;rable de
 nommer <a href="/licenses/license-list.fr.html">la licence sp&eacute;cifique
@@ -88,53 +91,61 @@
 
 <h4 id="Closed">&laquo;&nbsp;Ferm&eacute;&nbsp;&raquo;</h4>
 <p>
-Describing nonfree software as &ldquo;closed&rdquo; clearly refers to the
-term &ldquo;open source&rdquo;.  In the free software movement, <a
-href="/philosophy/open-source-misses-the-point.html"> we do not want to be
-confused with the open source camp</a>, so we are careful to avoid saying
-things that would encourage people to lump us in with them.  For instance,
-we avoid describing nonfree software as &ldquo;closed&rdquo;.  We call it
-&ldquo;nonfree&rdquo; or <a
-href="/philosophy/categories.html#ProprietarySoftware">
-&ldquo;proprietary&rdquo;</a>.</p>
+En d&eacute;crivant un logiciel non libre comme
+&laquo;&nbsp;ferm&eacute;&nbsp;&raquo;, cela se r&eacute;f&egrave;re
+clairement au terme &laquo;&nbsp;open source&nbsp;&raquo; (source
+ouvert). Au sein du Mouvement du logiciel libre, <a
+href="/philosophy/open-source-misses-the-point.fr.html">nous voulons
+&eacute;viter d'&ecirc;tre confondus avec le plus r&eacute;cent Mouvement
+open source</a>, aussi, nous &eacute;viter soigneusement une utilisation qui
+encouragerait les gens &agrave; nous confondre avec eux. Par
+cons&eacute;quent, nous &eacute;vitons de d&eacute;crire un logiciel non
+libre comme &laquo;&nbsp;ferm&eacute;&nbsp;&raquo;. Nous le qualifions de
+&laquo;&nbsp;non libre&nbsp;&raquo; ou <a
+href="/philosophy/categories.fr.html#ProprietarySoftware">&laquo;&nbsp;propri&eacute;taire&nbsp;&raquo;</a>.</p>
 
 
 <h4 id="CloudComputing">&laquo;&nbsp;Cloud computing&nbsp;&raquo;</h4>
 <p>
-The term &ldquo;cloud computing&rdquo; is a marketing buzzword with no clear
-meaning.  It is used for a range of different activities whose only common
-characteristic is that they use the Internet for something beyond
-transmitting files.  Thus, the term is a nexus of confusion.  If you base
-your thinking on it, your thinking will be vague.
+Le terme «&nbsp;cloud computing&nbsp;» (informatique dans les nuages) est un
+terme de marketing sans signification claire. Il est utilisé pour un panel
+d'activités différentes dont la seule qualité commune est d'utiliser
+Internet pour quelque chose au-delà de la transmission de fichiers. Par
+conséquent, le terme est source à confusion. Si vous essayez de l'utiliser
+dans votre raisonnement, votre raisonnement sera vague.
 </p>
 
 <p>
-When thinking about or responding to a statement someone else has made using
-this term, the first step is to clarify the topic.  Which kind of activity
-is the statement really about, and what is a good, clear term for that
-activity? Once the topic is clear, the discussion can head for a useful
-conclusion.
+En réfléchissant ou en répondant à une déclaration que quelqu'un d'autre a
+fait en utilisant ce terme, la première étape est de clarifier le sujet. De
+quelle sorte d'activité parle la déclaration et quel est le bon terme pour
+cette activité&nbsp;? Se forcer (ou forcer la personne qui a fait la
+déclaration) à clarifier le sujet dirigera la discussion vers une conclusion
+utile.
 </p>
 
 <p>
-Curiously, Larry Ellison, a proprietary software developer, also <a
-href="http://news.cnet.com/8301-13953_3-10052188-80.html";> noted the vacuity
-of the term &ldquo;cloud computing.&rdquo;</a> He decided to use the term
-anyway because, as a proprietary software developer, he isn't motivated by
-the same ideals as we are.
+Curieusement, Larry Ellison, un développeur de logiciel propriétaire, a
+également <a href="http://news.cnet.com/8301-13953_3-10052188-80.html";>noté
+la vacuité du terme «&nbsp;cloud computing&nbsp;»</a>. Il a décidé
+d'utiliser quand même le terme, car en tant que développeur de logiciels
+propriétaires, il n'est pas motivé par les mêmes idéaux que nous.
 </p>
 
 <h4 id="Commercial">&laquo;&nbsp;Commercial&nbsp;&raquo;</h4>
 <p>
-Please don't use &ldquo;commercial&rdquo; as a synonym for
-&ldquo;nonfree.&rdquo; That confuses two entirely different issues.</p>
-<p>
-A program is commercial if it is developed as a business activity.  A
-commercial program can be free or nonfree, depending on its manner of
-distribution.  Likewise, a program developed by a school or an individual
-can be free or nonfree, depending on its manner of distribution.  The two
-questions&mdash;what sort of entity developed the program and what freedom
-its users have&mdash;are independent.</p>
+N'utilisez pas le mot &laquo;&nbsp;commercial&nbsp;&raquo; comme synonyme de
+&laquo;&nbsp;non libre&nbsp;&raquo;. Cela m&eacute;lange deux
+probl&egrave;mes totalementdiff&eacute;rents.</p>
+<p>
+Un programme est commercial s'il est d&eacute;velopp&eacute; en tant que
+partie d'une activit&eacute; commerciale.  Un programme commercial peut
+&ecirc;tre libre ou non libre en fonction de sa licence. De la m&ecirc;me
+mani&egrave;re, un programme d&eacute;velopp&eacute; par une &eacute;cole ou
+un individu peut &ecirc;tre libre et non libre, en fonction de sa
+licence. Les deux questions, quel type d'entit&eacute; a
+d&eacute;velopp&eacute; le programme et quelle libert&eacute; est
+laiss&eacute;e aux utilisateurs, sont ind&eacute;pendantes.</p>
 <p>
 Dans la premi&egrave;re d&eacute;cennie du mouvement du logiciel libre, les
 logiciels libres &eacute;taient pratiquement tous non commerciaux&nbsp;; les
@@ -144,12 +155,13 @@
 ann&eacute;es 1990, le logiciel commercial libre a commenc&eacute; &agrave;
 appara&icirc;tre.</p>
 <p>
-Free commercial software is a contribution to our community, so we should
-encourage it.  But people who think that &ldquo;commercial&rdquo; means
-&ldquo;nonfree&rdquo; will tend to think that the &ldquo;free
-commercial&rdquo; combination is self-contradictory, and dismiss the
-possibility.  Let's be careful not to use the word &ldquo;commercial&rdquo;
-in that way.</p>
+Le logiciel commercial libre est une contribution &agrave; notre
+communaut&eacute;, donc nous l'encourageons. Mais ceux qui pensent que
+&laquo;&nbsp;commercial&nbsp;&raquo; signifie &laquo;&nbsp;non
+libre&nbsp;&raquo; sont tent&eacute;s de penser que cette id&eacute;e est
+contradictoire et la rejettent en se basant sur une
+incompr&eacute;hension. Faites attention &agrave; ne pas utiliser le mot
+&laquo;&nbsp;commercial&nbsp;&raquo; de cette mani&egrave;re.</p>
 
 
 <h4 id="Compensation">&laquo;&nbsp;Compensation&nbsp;&raquo;</h4>
@@ -165,48 +177,63 @@
 
 <h4 id="Consumer">&laquo;&nbsp;Consommateur&nbsp;&raquo;</h4>
 <p>
-The term &ldquo;consumer,&rdquo; when used to refer to computer users, is
-loaded with assumptions we should reject.  Playing a digital recording, or
-running a program, does not consume it.</p>
-<p>
-The terms &ldquo;producer&rdquo; and &ldquo;consumer&rdquo; come from
-economic theory, and bring with them its narrow prespective and misguided
-assumotions.  They tend to warp your thinking.</p>
-<p>
-In addition, describing the users of software as &ldquo;consumers&rdquo;
-presumes a narrow role for them: it regards them as cattle that passively
-graze on what others make available to them.</p>
-<p>
-This kind of thinking leads to travesties like the CBDTPA &ldquo;Consumer
-Broadband and Digital Television Promotion Act&rdquo; which would require
-copying restriction facilities in every digital device.  If all the users do
-is &ldquo;consume,&rdquo; then why should they mind?</p>
-<p>
-The shallow economic conception of users as &ldquo;consumers&rdquo; tends to
-go hand in hand with the idea that published works are mere
-&ldquo;content.&rdquo;</p>
-<p>
-To describe people who are not limited to passive use of works, we suggest
-terms such as &ldquo;individuals&rdquo; and &ldquo;citizens&rdquo;.</p>
+Le terme &laquo;&nbsp;consommateur&nbsp;&raquo;, quand il est utilis&eacute;
+pour parler des utilisateurs d'ordinateurs, apporte des assomptions
+malheureuses que nous devons rejeter. Écouter un enregistrement numérique ou
+exécuter un programme ne le consomment pas.</p>
+<p>
+Les termes «&nbsp;producteur&nbsp;» et «&nbsp;consommateur&nbsp;»
+proviennent de la théorie économique, et apportent avec eux leur perpective
+étroite et leur mauvaise assomptions. Ils tendent à brouiller votre
+raisonnement.</p>
+<p>
+De plus, en d&eacute;crivant les utilisateurs de logiciels comme des
+&laquo;&nbsp;consommateurs&nbsp;&raquo;, cela pr&eacute;suppose qu'ils ont
+un r&ocirc;le accessoire. Ce terme les assimile &agrave; du b&eacute;tail
+qui broute passivement ce que d'autres leur donnent.</p>
+<p>
+Cette fa&ccedil;on de penser m&egrave;ne &agrave; des travestissements comme
+le CBDTPA &laquo;&nbsp;Consumer Broadband and Digital Television Promotion
+Act&nbsp;&raquo; (Loi pour la promotion de la t&eacute;l&eacute;vision
+num&eacute;rique &agrave; large bande pour le consommateur) qui
+n&eacute;cessiterait des syst&egrave;mes de restriction de copie pour tout
+appareil num&eacute;rique. Si tout ce que font les utilisateurs est
+&laquo;&nbsp;consommer&nbsp;&raquo;, alors, pourquoi cela les
+d&eacute;rangeraient-ils&nbsp;?</p>
+<p>
+La vision &eacute;conomique obtuse des utilisateurs en tant que
+&laquo;&nbsp;consommateurs&nbsp;&raquo; va de pair avec l'id&eacute;e que
+les œuvres publi&eacute;es sont des &laquo;&nbsp;contenus&nbsp;&raquo;.</p>
+<p>
+Pour d&eacute;crire les gens qui ne sont pas limit&eacute;s &agrave; la
+consommation passive de leurs ordinateurs, nous sugg&eacute;rons des termes
+comme &laquo;&nbsp;particuliers&nbsp;&raquo; et
+&laquo;&nbsp;citoyens&nbsp;&raquo;.</p>
 
 
 <h4 id="Content">&laquo;&nbsp;Contenu&nbsp;&raquo;</h4>
 <p>
-If you want to describe a feeling of comfort and satisfaction, by all means
-say you are &ldquo;content,&rdquo; but using the word as a noun to describe
-written and other works of authorship adopts an attitude you might rather
-avoid.  It regards these works as a commodity whose purpose is to fill a box
-and make money.  In effect, it disparages the works themselves.</p>
-<p>
-Those who use this term are often the publishers that push for increased
-copyright power in the name of the authors (&ldquo;creators,&rdquo; as they
-say) of the works.  The term &ldquo;content&rdquo; reveals their real
-attitude towards these works and their authors.  (See <a
+Si vous voulez d&eacute;crire ce qui est &agrave; l'int&eacute;rieur d'une
+tasse, vous parlez du &laquo;&nbsp;contenu&nbsp;&raquo; de cette tasse, mais
+utiliser ce mot pour d&eacute;crire des œuvres d'auteur &eacute;crites ou
+autres, vaut la peine d'&ecirc;tre &eacute;vit&eacute;. Cette utilisation
+rel&egrave;ve d'une attitude sp&eacute;cifique &agrave; l'encontre de ces
+œuvres&nbsp;: elles sont interchangeables et leur but est de remplir des
+bo&icirc;tes et de faire de l'argent. En effet, ce terme ne respecte pas les
+oeuvres elles-m&ecirc;mes.</p>
+<p>
+Ceux qui utilisent ce terme sont souvent les &eacute;diteurs qui poussent
+&agrave; obtenir des pouvoirs de copyright accrus aux noms des auteurs
+(&laquo;&nbsp;cr&eacute;ateurs&nbsp;&raquo;, comme ils disent) des
+œuvres. Le terme &laquo;&nbsp;contenu&nbsp;&raquo; r&eacute;v&egrave;le ce
+qu'ils pensent vraiment de ces œuvres et des ces auteurs. (Consultez <a
 
href="http://archive.salon.com/tech/feature/2000/06/14/love/print.html";>Courtney
-Love's open letter to Steve Case</a> and search for &ldquo;content
-provider&rdquo; in that page.  Alas, Ms. Love is unaware that the term
-&ldquo;intellectual property&rdquo; is also <a href="#IntellectualProperty">
-biased and confusing</a>.)</p>
+Love's open letter to Steve Case </a> &mdash;&nbsp;Lettre ouverte de
+Courtney Love &agrave; Steve Case&nbsp;&mdash; (recherchez
+&laquo;&nbsp;content provider&nbsp;&raquo; dans cette page. H&eacute;las,
+Mlle Love n'est pas consciente que le terme
+&laquo;&nbsp;propri&eacute;t&eacute; intellectuelle&nbsp;&raquo; est aussi
+<a href="#IntellectualProperty">trompeur</a>).</p>
 <p>
 Quoi qu'il en soit, aussi longtemps que d'autres personnes utiliseront le
 terme &laquo;&nbsp;fournisseurs de contenu&nbsp;&raquo; (content providers),
@@ -214,33 +241,39 @@
 &laquo;&nbsp;fournisseurs m&eacute;contents&nbsp;&raquo; (malcontent
 providers).</p>
 <p>
-The term &ldquo;content management&rdquo; takes the prize for vacuity.
-&ldquo;Content&rdquo; means &ldquo;some sort of information,&rdquo; and
-&ldquo;management&rdquo; in this context means &ldquo;doing something with
-it.&rdquo; So a &ldquo;content management system&rdquo; is a system for
-doing something to some sort of information.  Nearly all programs fit that
-description.</p>
+Le terme de &laquo;&nbsp;gestion de contenu&nbsp;&raquo; remporte le prix de
+la vacuit&eacute;. &laquo;&nbsp;Contenu&nbsp;&raquo; signifie
+&laquo;&nbsp;un type d'information&nbsp;&raquo; et
+&laquo;&nbsp;gestion&nbsp;&raquo; dans ce contexte &laquo;&nbsp;faire
+quelque chose avec cette information&nbsp;&raquo;. Donc un &laquo;&nbsp;
+syst&egrave;me de gestion de contenu&nbsp;&raquo; est un syst&egrave;me pour
+faire quelque chose avec un type d'information. Cette description correspond
+à la plupart des programmes.</p>
 
 <p>
-In most cases, that term really refers to a system for updating pages on a
-Web site.  For that, we recommend the term &ldquo;Web site revision
-system&rdquo; (WRS).</p>
+Dans la plupart des cas, le terme réfère vraiment à un système pour mettre 
à
+jour des pages sur un site Web. Pour cela, nous recommandons le terme
+«&nbsp;système de révision de site Web&nbsp;».</p>
 
 <h4 id="Creator">&laquo;&nbsp;Cr&eacute;ateur&nbsp;&raquo;</h4>
 <p>
-The term &ldquo;creator&rdquo; as applied to authors implicitly compares
-them to a deity (&ldquo;the creator&rdquo;).  The term is used by publishers
-to elevate authors' moral standing above that of ordinary people in order to
-justify giving them increased copyright power, which the publishers can then
-exercise in their name.  We recommend saying &ldquo;author&rdquo; instead.
-However, in many cases &ldquo;copyright holder&rdquo; is what you really
-mean.</p>
+Le terme &laquo;&nbsp;cr&eacute;ateur&nbsp;&raquo;, appliqu&eacute; aux
+auteurs, les compare implicitement &agrave; un dieu (&laquo;&nbsp;le
+Cr&eacute;ateur&nbsp;&raquo;). Le terme est utilis&eacute; par les
+&eacute;diteurs pour &eacute;lever le statut moral des auteurs au-dessus de
+celui des gens ordinaires, pour justifier des pouvoirs de droit d'auteur
+accrus que les &eacute;diteurs exercent au nom des auteurs. Nous
+recommandons de dire &laquo;&nbsp;auteur&nbsp;&raquo; &agrave; la
+place. Cependant, dans beaucoup de cas, &laquo;&nbsp;d&eacute;tenteurs de
+droits d'auteur&nbsp;&raquo; est ce que vous voulez r&eacute;ellement dire.</p>
 
 <h4 id="DigitalGoods">&laquo;&nbsp;Biens num&eacute;riques&nbsp;&raquo;</h4>
 <p>
-The term &ldquo;digital goods,&rdquo; as applied to copies of works of
-authorship, erroneously identifies them with physical goods&mdash;which
-cannot be copied, and which therefore have to be manufactured and sold.</p>
+Le terme &laquo;&nbsp;biens num&eacute;riques&nbsp;&raquo; tel qu'il est
+appliqu&eacute; aux copies d'&oelig;uvres d'auteur, les force &agrave;
+rentrer dans le sch&eacute;ma de pens&eacute;e des biens physiques (qui ne
+peuvent &ecirc;tre copi&eacute;s, et qui par cons&eacute;quent doivent
+&ecirc;tre fabriqu&eacute;s et vendus.</p>
 
 <h4 id="DigitalRightsManagement">&laquo;&nbsp;Gestion des droits 
num&eacute;riques&nbsp;&raquo;</h4>
 <p>
@@ -253,27 +286,35 @@
 imposent les restrictions, tout en ignorant le grand nombre de ceux &agrave;
 qui sont impos&eacute;es ces restrictions.</p>
 <p>
-Good alternatives include &ldquo;Digital Restrictions Management,&rdquo; and
-&ldquo;digital handcuffs.&rdquo;</p>
+Parmi les bonnes alternatives&nbsp;: &laquo;&nbsp;Gestion des restrictions
+num&eacute;riques&nbsp;&raquo; (Digital Restrictions Management),
+&laquo;&nbsp;Gestion des restrictions num&eacute;riques&nbsp;&raquo;
+(Digital Restrictions Malware) et &laquo;&nbsp;Menotticiel&nbsp;&raquo;
+(handcuffware).</p>
 
 
 <h4 id="Ecosystem">&laquo;&nbsp;Écosystème&nbsp;&raquo;</h4>
 <p>
-It is a mistake to describe the free software community, or any human
-community, as an &ldquo;ecosystem,&rdquo; because that word implies the
-absence of (1) intention and (2) ethics.  In an ecosystem, species evolve
-according to their fitness: if a species is weak and goes extinct, that's
-neither right nor wrong, merely an ecological phenomenon.  The term
-&ldquo;ecosystem&rdquo; implicitly suggests a attitude of passive
-observation: don't ask how what <em>should</em> happen, just study what does
-happen.</p>
-
-<p>
-By contrast, beings that adopt an active stance towards their surroundings,
-and have ideas of ethical responsibility, can decide to preserve things
-that, on their own, would tend to vanish&mdash;such as civil society,
-democracy, human rights, peace, public health, clean air and water,
-endangered species, traditional arts&hellip;and computer users' freedom.
+C'est une erreur de d&eacute;crire notre communaut&eacute; (ou toute
+communaut&eacute;) comme un
+&laquo;&nbsp;&eacute;cosyst&egrave;me&nbsp;&raquo;, car ce mot implique
+l'absence (1) d'intentions et (2) d'&eacute;thique. Dans un
+&eacute;cosyst&egrave;me, les esp&egrave;ces &eacute;voluent en fonction de
+leur forme. Si l'une est faible, elle s'&eacute;teint, et ce n'est ni bien,
+ni mal, seulement un phénomène écologique. Le terme
+&laquo;&nbsp;&eacute;cosyst&egrave;me&nbsp;&raquo; sugg&egrave;re
+implicitement une attitude passive&nbsp;: &laquo;&nbsp;Ne demandez pas
+comment les choses <em>devraient</em> &ecirc;tre, regardez seulement ce qui
+leur arrive&nbsp;&raquo;.</p>
+
+<p>
+Par contraste, les &ecirc;tres vivants qui adoptent une attitude active sur
+leur environnement et qui ont une responsabilit&eacute; &eacute;thique,
+peuvent d&eacute;cider de pr&eacute;server quelque chose qui, seule,
+tendrait &agrave; s'&eacute;teindre&nbsp;: comme la soci&eacute;t&eacute;
+civile, la d&eacute;mocratie, les droits de l'Homme, la paix, la
+sant&eacute; publique, &hellip; ou la libert&eacute; des utilisateurs
+d'ordinateurs.
 </p>
 
 
@@ -295,13 +336,15 @@
 disponible &laquo;&nbsp;librement&nbsp;&raquo;.</p>
 
 
-<h4 id="FreelyAvailable">&ldquo;Freely available&rdquo;</h4>
+<h4 id="FreelyAvailable">&laquo;&nbsp;Disponible gratuitement&nbsp;&raquo;</h4>
 <p>
-Don't use &ldquo;freely available software&rdquo; as a synonym for
-&ldquo;free software.&rdquo; The terms are not equivalent.  Software is
-&ldquo;freely available&rdquo; if anyone can easily get a copy.  &ldquo;Free
-software&rdquo; is defined in terms of the freedom of users that have a copy
-of it.  These are answers to different questions.
+N'utilisez pas &laquo;&nbsp;disponible gratuitement&nbsp;&raquo; comme
+synonyme de &laquo;&nbsp;logiciel libre&nbsp;&raquo;. Ils ne sont pas
+&eacute;quivalents. &laquo;&nbsp;Disponible gratuitement&nbsp;&raquo;
+signifie que tout le monde peut facilement obtenir une
+copie. &laquo;&nbsp;Logiciel libre&nbsp;&raquo; est d&eacute;fini en termes
+de la libert&eacute; des utilisateurs qui ont une copie. Ce sont des
+r&eacute;ponses &agrave; diff&eacute;rentes questions.
 </p>
 
 
@@ -314,10 +357,12 @@
 leur forme ex&eacute;cutable, sans le code source. Aujourd'hui, ce terme n'a
 pas vraiment de d&eacute;finition accept&eacute;e.</p>
 <p>
-When using languages other than English, please avoid borrowing English
-terms such as &ldquo;free software&rdquo; or &ldquo;freeware.&rdquo; It is
-better to translate the term &ldquo;free software&rdquo; into <a
-href="/philosophy/fs-translations.html">your language</a>.</p>
+Si vous utilisez d'autres langues que l'anglais, essayez d'&eacute;viter
+&eacute;galement d'employer des mots emprunt&eacute;s &agrave; l'anglais
+tels que &laquo;&nbsp;free software&nbsp;&raquo; ou
+&laquo;&nbsp;freeware&nbsp;&raquo;. Essayez d'utiliser le terme le moins
+ambigu que <a href="/philosophy/fs-translations.fr.html">votre langue</a>
+offre, par exemple.</p>
 
 <p>
 En utilisant un mot de <a href="/philosophy/fs-translations.fr.html">votre
@@ -333,118 +378,141 @@
        
 <h4 id="GiveAwaySoftware">&laquo;&nbsp;Donner des logiciels&nbsp;&raquo;</h4>
 <p>
-It's misleading to use the term &ldquo;give away&rdquo; to mean
-&ldquo;distribute a program as free software.&rdquo; This locution has the
-same problem as &ldquo;for free&rdquo;: it implies the issue is price, not
-freedom.  One way to avoid the confusion is to say &ldquo;release as free
-software.&rdquo;</p>
+Utiliser le terme &laquo;&nbsp;donner&nbsp;&raquo; au lieu de
+&laquo;&nbsp;distribuer un programme comme logiciel libre&nbsp;&raquo;
+induit en erreur. Le probl&egrave;me est le m&ecirc;me qu'avec
+&laquo;&nbsp;gratuitement&nbsp;&raquo;&nbsp;: cela implique que le
+probl&egrave;me est le prix, pas la libert&eacute;. Une fa&ccedil;on
+d'&eacute;viter la confusion est de dire &laquo;&nbsp;distribuer en tant que
+logiciel libre&nbsp;&raquo;.</p>
 
 
 <h4 id="Hacker">&laquo;&nbsp;Hacker&nbsp;&raquo;</h4>
 <p>
-A hacker is someone who <a
-href="http://stallman.org/articles/on-hacking.html";> enjoys playful
-cleverness</a>&mdash;not necessarily with computers.  The programmers in the
-old <abbr title="Massachusetts Institute of Technology">MIT</abbr> free
-software community of the 60s and 70s referred to themselves as hackers.
-Around 1980, journalists who discovered the hacker community mistakenly took
-the term to mean &ldquo;security breaker.&rdquo;</p>
+Un hacker est quelqu'un qui <a
+href="http://stallman.org/articles/on-hacking.html";>appr&eacute;cie
+l'intelligence enjou&eacute;e</a>&mdash;pas n&eacute;cessairement avec les
+ordinateurs. Les programmeurs de l'ancienne communaut&eacute; du logiciel
+libre des ann&eacute;es 60 et 70 du <abbr title="Massachusetts Institute of
+Technology">M.I.T.</abbr> s'identifiaient eux-m&ecirc;mes comme des
+hackers. Aux environs de 1980, des journalistes qui d&eacute;couvraient la
+communaut&eacute; des hackers, se sont m&eacute;pris sur ce terme et l'ont
+assimil&eacute; &agrave; &laquo;&nbsp;casseurs de
+s&eacute;curit&eacute;&nbsp;&raquo;.</p>
 
 <p>
-Please don't spread this mistake.  People who break security are
-&ldquo;crackers.&rdquo;</p>
+Veuillez ne pas r&eacute;pandre cette erreur. Les personnes qui cassent la
+s&eacute;curit&eacute; sont des &laquo;&nbsp;crackers&nbsp;&raquo;.</p>
 
 
 <h4 id="IntellectualProperty">&laquo;&nbsp;Propri&eacute;t&eacute; 
Intellectuelle&nbsp;&raquo;</h4>
 <p>
-Publishers and lawyers like to describe copyright as &ldquo;intellectual
-property&rdquo;&mdash;a term also applied to patents, trademarks, and other
-more obscure areas of law.  These laws have so little in common, and differ
-so much, that it is ill-advised to generalize about them.  It is best to
-talk specifically about &ldquo;copyright,&rdquo; or about
-&ldquo;patents,&rdquo; or about &ldquo;trademarks.&rdquo;</p>
-<p>
-The term &ldquo;intellectual property&rdquo; carries a hidden
-assumption&mdash;that the way to think about all these disparate issues is
-based on an analogy with physical objects, and our conception of them as
-physical property.</p>
+Les &eacute;diteurs et les juristes aiment assimiler le copyright &agrave;
+la &laquo;&nbsp;propri&eacute;t&eacute; intellectuelle&nbsp;&raquo;
+&mdash;&nbsp;un terme qui inclut aussi les brevets, les marques
+d&eacute;pos&eacute;es et d'autres zones plus obscures de la loi. Ces lois
+ont si peu de choses en commun, et diff&egrave;rent tant, qu'il serait
+mal-avis&eacute; de faire des g&eacute;n&eacute;ralisations. Il est beaucoup
+mieux de parler sp&eacute;cifiquement de
+&laquo;&nbsp;copyright&nbsp;&raquo;, de &laquo;&nbsp;brevets&nbsp;&raquo; ou
+de &laquo;&nbsp;marques d&eacute;pos&eacute;es&nbsp;&raquo;.</p>
+<p>
+Le terme &laquo;&nbsp;propri&eacute;t&eacute; intellectuelle&nbsp;&raquo;
+contient un postulat cach&eacute;&nbsp;: que la fa&ccedil;on naturelle de
+penser &agrave; ces divers probl&egrave;mes est bas&eacute;e sur une
+analogie avec les objets physiques, et la fa&ccedil;on dont nous les
+envisageons comme &eacute;tant notre propri&eacute;t&eacute;.</p>
 <p>
 Quand il s'agit de copie, cette analogie n&eacute;glige la diff&eacute;rence
 cruciale entre des objets mat&eacute;riels et l'information&nbsp;:
 l'information peut &ecirc;tre copi&eacute;e et partag&eacute;e presque sans
 effort, alors que ce n'est pas possible avec les objets mat&eacute;riels.</p>
 <p>
-To avoid spreading unnecessary bias and confusion, it is best to adopt a
-firm policy <a href="/philosophy/not-ipr.html"> not to speak or even think
-in terms of &ldquo;intellectual property&rdquo;</a>.</p>
-<p>
-The hypocrisy of calling these powers &ldquo;rights&rdquo; is <a
-href="/philosophy/wipo-PublicAwarenessOfCopyright-2002.html"> starting to
-make the World &ldquo;Intellectual Property&rdquo; Organization
-embarrassed</a>.</p>
+Pour &eacute;viter la m&eacute;prise et la confusion de ce terme, il est
+pr&eacute;f&eacute;rable <a href="/philosophy/not-ipr.fr.html">de ne pas
+parler ni m&ecirc;me de penser en termes de
+&laquo;&nbsp;propri&eacute;t&eacute; intellectuelle&nbsp;&raquo;</a>.</p>
+<p>
+L'hypocrisie d'appeler ces pouvoirs «&nbsp;droits&nbsp;» <a
+href="/philosophy/wipo-PublicAwarenessOfCopyright-2002.fr.html">commence à
+embarasser l'Organisation mondiale de la «&nbsp;propriété
+intellectuelle&nbsp;»</a>.</p>
 
 
 <h4 id="LAMP">&laquo;&nbsp;Syst&egrave;me LAMP&nbsp;&raquo;</h4>
 <p>
-&ldquo;LAMP&rdquo; stands for &ldquo;Linux, Apache, MySQL and
-PHP&rdquo;&mdash;a common combination of software to use on a Web server,
-except that &ldquo;Linux&rdquo; in this context really refers to the
-GNU/Linux system.  So instead of &ldquo;LAMP&rdquo; it should be
-&ldquo;GLAMP&rdquo;: &ldquo;GNU, Linux, Apache, MySQL and PHP.&rdquo;
+&laquo;&nbsp;LAMP&nbsp;&raquo; signifie &laquo;&nbsp;Linux, Apache, MySQL et
+PHP&nbsp;&raquo; &mdash;&nbsp;une combinaison courante de logiciels &agrave;
+utiliser sur un serveur Web, sauf que &laquo;&nbsp;Linux&nbsp;&raquo; se
+r&eacute;f&egrave;re vraiment au syst&egrave;me GNU/Linux. Donc, au lieu de
+&laquo;&nbsp;LAMP&nbsp;&raquo; ce devrait &ecirc;tre
+&laquo;&nbsp;GLAMP&nbsp;&raquo;&nbsp;: &laquo;&nbsp;GNU, Linux, Apache,
+MySQL and PHP&nbsp;&raquo;.
 </p>
 
 
 <h4 id="Linux">«&nbsp;Système Linux&nbsp;»</h4>
 <p>
-Linux is the name of the kernel that Linus Torvalds developed starting in
-1991.  The operating system in which Linux is used is basically GNU with
-Linux added.  To call the whole system &ldquo;Linux&rdquo; is both unfair
-and confusing.  Please call the complete system <a
-href="/gnu/linux-and-gnu.html"> GNU/Linux</a>, both to give the GNU Project
-credit and to distinguish the whole system from the kernel alone.
+Linux est le nom du noyau que Linus Torvalds a développé à partir de
+1991. Le système d'exploitation dans lequel Linux est utiliséest basiquement
+GNU avec Linux ajouté. Appeler tout le système «&nbsp;Linux&nbsp;» est à 
la
+fois injuste et mène à la confusion. Veuillez appeler le système complet <a
+href="/gnu/linux-and-gnu.fr.html">GNU/Linux</a>, pour donner à la le crédit
+au Projet GNU et pour distinguer le système complet du noyau seul.
 </p>
 
 
 <h4 id="Market">&laquo;&nbsp;March&eacute;&nbsp;&raquo;</h4>
 <p>
-It is misleading to describe the users of free software, or the software
-users in general, as a &ldquo;market.&rdquo;</p>
-<p>
-This is not to say there is no room for markets in the free software
-community.  If you have a free software support business, then you have
-clients, and you trade with them in a market.  As long as you respect their
-freedom, we wish you success in your market.</p>
-<p>
-But the free software movement is a social movement, not a business, and the
-success it aims for is not a market success.  We are trying to serve the
-public by giving it freedom&mdash;not competing to draw business away from a
-rival.  To equate this campaign for freedom to a business' efforts for mere
-success is to deny the importance of freedom and legitimize proprietary
-software.</p>
+Il est trompeur de d&eacute;crire les utilisateurs de logiciels libres ou
+les utilisateurs de logiciels en g&eacute;n&eacute;ral en terme de
+&laquo;&nbsp;march&eacute;&nbsp;&raquo;.</p>
+<p>
+Cela ne veut pas dire que nous sommes contre les march&eacute;s. Si vous
+avez une soci&eacute;t&eacute; de services sur les logiciels libres, alors
+vous avez des clients et vous commercez avec eux dans un
+march&eacute;. Aussi longtemps que vous respectez leur libert&eacute;, nous
+vous souhaitons de r&eacute;ussir dans votre march&eacute;.</p>
+<p>
+Mais le mouvement du logiciel libre est un mouvement social, pas une
+entreprise, et la r&eacute;ussite &agrave; laquelle il se destine n'est pas
+celle d'un march&eacute;. Nous essayons de servir le public en lui donnant
+la libert&eacute; &mdash;&nbsp;pas en essayant de les &eacute;loigner d'un
+concurrent. Assimiler la campagne pour la libert&eacute; &agrave; une
+campagne commerciale est un déni de l'importance de la liberté et légitimise
+le logiciel propriétaire.</p>
 
 
 <h4 id="MP3Player">&laquo;&nbsp;Lecteur MP3&nbsp;&raquo;</h4>
 <p>
-In the late 1990's it became feasible to make portable, solid-state digital
-audio players. Most support the patented MP3 codec, but not all.  Some
-support the patent-free audio codecs Ogg Vorbis and FLAC, and may not even
-support MP3-encoded files at all, precisely to avoid these patents.  To call
-such players &ldquo;MP3 players&rdquo; is not only confusing, it also puts
-MP3 in an undeserved position of privilege which encourages people to
-continue using that vulnerable format.  We suggest the terms &ldquo;digital
-audio player,&rdquo; or simply &ldquo;audio player&rdquo; if context
-permits.</p>
+Vers la fin des ann&eacute;es 90, il est devenu possible de fabriquer des
+lecteurs audio num&eacute;riques, portables et compacts. La plupart
+supportent le codec brevet&eacute; MP3, mais pas tous. Certains supportent
+les codecs audio libres de brevet Ogg Vorbis et FLAC, et ne peuvent
+m&ecirc;me pas lire les fichiers encod&eacute;s en MP3,
+pr&eacute;cis&eacute;ment pour &eacute;viter les brevets. Appeler de tels
+lecteurs &laquo;&nbsp;lecteurs MP3&nbsp;&raquo; ne pr&ecirc;te pas seulement
+&agrave; confusion, mais cela met aussi MP3 dans une position
+privil&eacute;gi&eacute;e non m&eacute;rit&eacute;e qui aide les
+d&eacute;tenteurs du brevet &agrave; continuer &agrave; attaquer notre
+communaut&eacute;. Nous sugg&eacute;rons les termes &laquo;&nbsp;lecteur
+audio num&eacute;rique&nbsp;&raquo;, ou simplement &laquo;&nbsp;lecteur
+audio&nbsp;&raquo; si le contexte le permet.</p>
 
 
 <h4 id="Open">&laquo;&nbsp;Ouvert&nbsp;&raquo;</h4>
 <p>
-Please avoid using the term &ldquo;open&rdquo; or &ldquo;open source&rdquo;
-as a substitute for &ldquo;free software&rdquo;.  Those terms refer to a <a
-href="/philosophy/open-source-misses-the-point.html"> different position</a>
-based on different values.  Free software is a political movement; open
-source is a development model.  When referring to the open source position,
-using its name is appropriate; but please do not use it to label us or our
-work&mdash;that leads people to think we share those views.</p>
+Veuillez &eacute;viter d'utiliser le terme &laquo;&nbsp;open&nbsp;&raquo;
+(ouvert) ou &laquo;&nbsp;open source&nbsp;&raquo; comme synonyme de
+&laquo;&nbsp;logiciel libre&nbsp;&raquo;. Ils se r&eacute;f&egrave;rent
+&agrave; une <a
+href="/philosophy/open-source-misses-the-point.fr.html">position
+diff&eacute;rente</a>, bas&eacute;e sur des valeurs diff&eacute;rentes. Le
+logiciel libre est un mouvement politique&nbsp;; l'open source, un
+mod&egrave;le de d&eacute;veloppement. Si vous parlez de la position de
+l'open source, il est juste que vous utilisiez leur nom, mais veuillez ne
+pas nous affubler nous ou notre travail travail avec leur slogan (cela
+conduit les gens &agrave; penser que nous partageons leurs vues).</p>
 
 <h4 id="PC">&laquo;&nbsp;PC&nbsp;&raquo;</h4>
 <p>
@@ -460,11 +528,12 @@
 
 <h4 id="Photoshop">&laquo;&nbsp;Photoshop&nbsp;&raquo;</h4>
 <p>
-Please avoid using the term &ldquo;photoshop&rdquo; as a verb, meaning any
-kind of photo manipulation or image editing in general.  Photoshop is just
-the name of one particular image editing program, which should be avoided
-since it is proprietary.  There are plenty of free alternatives, such as <a
-href="/software/gimp">GIMP</a>.</p>
+Veuillez &eacute;viter d'utiliser le terme
+&laquo;&nbsp;Phtoshop&nbsp;&raquo; comme un verbe, en voulant parler de
+manipulation d'image ou d'&eacute;dition d'image en
+g&eacute;n&eacute;ral. Photoshop n'est que le nom d'un &eacute;diteur
+d'image propri&eacute;taire particulier, et il existe beaucoup d'autres
+alternatives libres, comme <a href="/software/gimp">GIMP</a> par exemple.</p>
 
 
 <h4 id="Piracy">&laquo;&nbsp;Piratage&nbsp;&raquo;</h4>
@@ -487,11 +556,12 @@
 
 <h4 id="PowerPoint">&laquo;&nbsp;PowerPoint&nbsp;&raquo;</h4>
 <p>
-Please avoid using the term &ldquo;PowerPoint&rdquo; to mean any kind of
-slide presentation.  PowerPoint is just the name of one particular
-proprietary program to make presentations, and there are plenty of free
-alternatives, such as TeX's <tt>beamer</tt> class and OpenOffice.org's
-Impress.</p>
+Veuillez &eacute;viter d'utiliser le terme
+&laquo;&nbsp;PowerPoint&nbsp;&raquo; pour parler de pr&eacute;sentation par
+diapositives. PowerPoint n'est que le nom d'un programme propri&eacute;taire
+particulier pour faire des pr&eacute;sentations, et il existe beaucoup
+d'autres alternatives libres, comme la classe <tt>beamer</tt> disponible
+dans toute distribution (La)TeX et OpenOffice.org Impress.</p>
 
 
 <h4 id="Protection">&laquo;&nbsp;Protection&nbsp;&raquo;</h4>
@@ -504,24 +574,26 @@
 b&eacute;n&eacute;ficie du copyright, plut&ocirc;t qu'aux utilisateurs qui
 sont limit&eacute;s par lui.</p>
 <p>
-It is easy to avoid &ldquo;protection&rdquo; and use neutral terms instead.
-For example, instead of saying, &ldquo;Copyright protection lasts a very
-long time,&rdquo; you can say, &ldquo;Copyright lasts a very long
-time.&rdquo;</p>
-<p>
-If you want to criticize copyright instead of supporting it, you can use the
-term &ldquo;copyright restrictions.&rdquo; Thus, you can say,
-&ldquo;Copyright restrictions last a very long time.&rdquo;</p>
-
-<p>
-The term &ldquo;protection&rdquo; is also used to describe malicious
-features.  For instance, &ldquo;copy protection&rdquo; is a feature that
-interferes with copying.  From the user's point of view, this is
-obstruction.  So we can call that malicious feature &ldquo;copy
-obstruction.&rdquo;</p>
+Il est facile d'&eacute;viter le mot &laquo;&nbsp;protection&nbsp;&raquo; et
+d'utiliser des termes neutres &agrave; la place. Par exemple, au lieu de
+&laquo;&nbsp;La protection du copyright dure tr&egrave;s
+longtemps&nbsp;&raquo;, vous pouvez dire &laquo;&nbsp;Le copyright dure
+tr&egrave;s longtemps&nbsp;&raquo;.</p>
+<p>
+Si vous voulez critiquer le copyright au lieu de le soutenir, vous pouvez
+utiliser le terme &laquo;&nbsp;restrictions du copyright&nbsp;&raquo;. vous
+pouvez par conséquent dire; «&nbsp;Les restrictions du copyright durent très
+longtemps&nbsp;».</p>
+
+<p>
+Le terme &laquo;&nbsp;protection&nbsp;&raquo;est aussi utilisé pour décrire
+des fonctionnalités malicieuses, comme dans «&nbsp;protection contre la
+copie&nbsp;», une fonctionnalité qui interfère avec la copie. D'un point de
+vue utilisateur, c'est de l'obstruction. Nous appeleons donc cela
+«&nbsp;obstruction à la copie&nbsp;».</p>
 
 
-<h4 id="RAND">&ldquo;RAND (reasonable and nondiscriminatory)&rdquo;</h4>
+<h4 id="RAND">&laquo;&nbsp;RAND (Reasonable And 
Non-Discriminatory)&nbsp;&raquo;</h4>
 <p>
 Les organismes de standards qui promulguent des standards restreints par des
 brevets, qui interdisent le logiciel libre, ont typiquement une politique de
@@ -530,19 +602,24 @@
 &laquo;&nbsp;RAND&nbsp;&raquo;, qui signifie &laquo;&nbsp;reasonable and
 non-discriminatory&nbsp;&raquo; (raisonnable et non discriminatoire).</p>
 <p>
-That term whitewashes a class of patent licenses that are normally neither
-reasonable nor nondiscriminatory.  It is true that these licenses do not
-discriminate against any specific person, but they do discriminate against
-the free software community, and that makes them unreasonable.  Thus, half
-of the term &ldquo;RAND&rdquo; is deceptive and the other half is
-prejudiced.</p>
-<p>
-Standards bodies should recognize that these licenses are discriminatory,
-and drop the use of the term &ldquo;reasonable and nondiscriminatory&rdquo;
-or &ldquo;RAND&rdquo; to describe them.  Until they do so, writers who do
-not wish to join in the whitewashing would do well to reject that term.  To
-accept and use it merely because patent-wielding companies have made it
-widespread is to let those companies dictate the views you express.</p>
+Ce terme blanchit une classe de licences de brevets qui ne sont normalement
+ni raisonnables, ni non-discriminatoires. Il est vrai que ces licences ne
+sont pas discriminatoires &agrave; l'encontre de personnes
+sp&eacute;cifiques, mais elles le sont &agrave; l'encontre de la
+communaut&eacute; du logiciel libre, et cela les rend
+d&eacute;raisonnables. Ainsi, une moiti&eacute; de
+&laquo;&nbsp;RAND&nbsp;&raquo; est trompeuse, l'autre moiti&eacute; est
+partiale.</p>
+<p>
+Les organismes de standards devraient reconna&icirc;tre que ces licences
+sont discriminatoires, et laisser tomber l'utilisation du terme
+&laquo;&nbsp;raisonnable et non discriminatoire&nbsp;&raquo; ou
+&laquo;&nbsp;RAND&nbsp;&raquo; pour les d&eacute;crire. Jusqu'&agrave; ce
+qu'ils le fassent, les autres &eacute;crivains qui ne veulent pas se joindre
+au blanchiment feraient bien de rejeter ce terme. L'accepter et l'utiliser
+simplement parce que les soci&eacute;t&eacute;s qui exercent leur pouvoir
+par les brevets l'ont r&eacute;pandu, laissent &agrave; ces
+soci&eacute;t&eacute;s le soin de dicter les vues que vous exprimez.</p>
 <p>
 Nous sugg&eacute;rons le terme &laquo;&nbsp;uniform fee only&nbsp;&raquo;
 (droit uniforme seulement) ou &laquo;&nbsp;UFO&nbsp;&raquo; en
@@ -552,34 +629,40 @@
 
 <h4 id="SellSoftware">«&nbsp;Vendre des logiciels&nbsp;»</h4>
 <p>
-The term &ldquo;sell software&rdquo; is ambiguous.  Strictly speaking,
-exchanging a copy of a free program for a sum of money is selling; but
-people usually associate the term &ldquo;sell&rdquo; with proprietary
-restrictions on the subsequent use of the software.  You can be more
-precise, and prevent confusion, by saying either &ldquo;distributing copies
-of a program for a fee&rdquo; or &ldquo;imposing proprietary restrictions on
-the use of a program,&rdquo; depending on what you mean.</p>
+Le terme «&nbsp;vendre des logiciels&nbsp;» est ambigu. À strictement
+parler, échanger une copie d'un programme libre pour une somme d'argent est
+de la «&nbsp;vente&nbsp;»&nbsp;: mais les gens ont l'habitude d'associer le
+terme «&nbsp;vendre&nbsp;» aux restrictions du logiciel propriétaire et à
+l'utilisation subséquente du logiciel. Vous pouvez être plus précis et
+éviter la confusion en parlant soit de «&nbsp;distribution de copie d'un
+programme gratuitement&nbsp;», soit d'«&nbsp;imposition de restrictions
+propriétaires sur l'utilisation d'un programme&nbsp;» en fonction de ce que
+vous voulez dire.</p>
 <p>
-See <a href="/philosophy/selling.html">Selling Free Software</a> for further
-discussion of this issue.</p>
+Consulter <a href="/philosophy/selling.fr.html">Vendre des logiciels
+libres</a> pour une discussion plus détaillée sur le sujet.</p>
 
 
 <h4 id="SoftwareIndustry">&laquo;&nbsp;Industrie logicielle&nbsp;&raquo;</h4>
 <p>
-The term &ldquo;software industry&rdquo; encourages people to imagine that
-software is always developed by a sort of factory and then delivered to
-consumers.  The free software community shows this is not the case.
-Software businesses exist, and various businesses develop free and/or
-nonfree software, but those that develop free software are not run like
-factories.</p>
-<p>
-The term &ldquo;industry&rdquo; is being used as propaganda by advocates of
-software patents.  They call software development &ldquo;industry&rdquo; and
-then try to argue that this means it should be subject to patent
-monopolies.  <a href="http://swpat.ffii.org/papers/europarl0309/";> The
-European Parliament, rejecting software patents in 2003, voted to define
-&ldquo;industry&rdquo; as &ldquo;automated production of material
-goods.&rdquo;</a></p>
+Le terme &laquo;&nbsp;industrie logicielle&nbsp;&raquo; encourage les gens
+&agrave; penser que le logiciel est toujours d&eacute;velopp&eacute; par une
+sorte d'usine et qu'il est d&eacute;livr&eacute; aux consommateurs. La
+communaut&eacute; du logiciel libre montre que ce n'est pas le cas. Les
+soci&eacute;t&eacute;s de logiciels existent, et diverses
+soci&eacute;t&eacute;s d&eacute;veloppent des logiciels libres et/ou non
+libres, mais celles qui d&eacute;veloppent des logiciels libres ne sont pas
+comme des usines.</p>
+<p>
+Le terme &laquo;&nbsp;industrie&nbsp;&raquo; a &eacute;t&eacute;
+utilis&eacute; comme propagande par les avocats en brevets logiciels. Ils
+appellent le d&eacute;veloppement logiciel
+&laquo;&nbsp;industrie&nbsp;&raquo; et puis essaient d'argumenter que cela
+signifie qu'il doit &ecirc;tre soumis aux monopoles des brevets. <a
+href="http://eupat.ffii.org/papers/europarl0309/";>Le Parlement
+europ&eacute;en, en rejetant les brevets logiciels en 2003, a vot&eacute;
+pour d&eacute;finir &laquo;&nbsp;industrie&nbsp;&raquo; comme
+&laquo;&nbsp;production automatis&eacute;e de biens&nbsp;&raquo;</a>.</p>
 
 
 <h4 id="Theft">&laquo;&nbsp;Vol&nbsp;&raquo;</h4>
@@ -592,10 +675,11 @@
 l'&eacute;thique&nbsp;: si la copie est interdite, c'est qu'elle doit
 &ecirc;tre mauvaise.</p>
 <p>
-So it is pertinent to mention that the legal system&mdash;at least in the
-US&mdash;rejects the idea that copyright infringement is
-&ldquo;theft.&rdquo; Copyright apologists are making an appeal to
-authority&hellip;and misrepresenting what authority says.</p>
+Alors il est int&eacute;ressant de signaler que la loi (du moins aux
+&Eacute;tats-Unis) ne consid&egrave;re pas les infractions au copyright
+comme du &laquo;&nbsp;vol&nbsp;&raquo;. Les avocats du copyright qui
+utilisent des termes comme &laquo;&nbsp;voler&nbsp;&raquo; d&eacute;naturent
+l'autorit&eacute; &agrave; laquelle ils font appel.</p>
 <p>
 L'id&eacute;e que les lois d&eacute;cident de ce qui est juste et de ce qui
 est mal est en g&eacute;n&eacute;ral fausse. Les lois sont une tentative
@@ -606,23 +690,29 @@
 
 <h4 id="TrustedComputing">&laquo;&nbsp;Informatique de 
confiance&nbsp;&raquo;</h4>
 <p>
-<a href="/philosophy/can-you-trust.html">&ldquo;Trusted computing&rdquo;</a>
-is the proponents' name for a scheme to redesign computers so that
-application developers can trust your computer to obey them instead of you.
-For their point of view, it is &ldquo;trusted&rdquo;; from your point of
-view, it is &ldquo;treacherous.&rdquo;
+<a href="/philosophy/can-you-trust.fr.html">&laquo;&nbsp;Informatique de
+confiance&nbsp;&raquo;</a> est le nom donn&eacute; &agrave; un sch&eacute;ma
+de conception des ordinateurs qui permet aux d&eacute;veloppeurs
+d'applications d'avoir confiance en votre ordinateur pour leur ob&eacute;ir
+plut&ocirc;t qu'&agrave; vous. De leur point de vue, il s'agit
+&laquo;&nbsp;d'informatique de confiance&nbsp;&raquo;. De votre point de
+vue, il s'agit &laquo;&nbsp;d'informatique d&eacute;loyale&nbsp;&raquo;.
 </p>
 
 
 <h4 id="Vendor">&laquo;&nbsp;Vendeur&nbsp;&raquo;</h4>
 <p>
-Please don't use the term &ldquo;vendor&rdquo; to refer generally to anyone
-that develops or packages software.  Many programs are developed in order to
-sell copies, and their developers are therefore their vendors; this even
-includes some free software packages.  However, many programs are developed
-by volunteers or organizations which do not intend to sell copies.  These
-developers are not vendors.  Likewise, only some of the packagers of
-GNU/Linux distributions are vendors.
+Veuillez ne pas utiliser le terme &laquo;&nbsp;vendeur&nbsp;&raquo; pour
+vous r&eacute;f&eacute;rer de mani&egrave;re g&eacute;n&eacute;rale &agrave;
+quiconque d&eacute;veloppe ou distribue un paquetage logiciel. Beaucoup de
+programmes sont d&eacute;velopp&eacute;s afin de vendre des copies, et leurs
+d&eacute;veloppeurs sont par cons&eacute;quent des vendeurs; cela inclut
+m&ecirc;me certains paquetages de logiciels libres. Cependant, beaucoup de
+programmes sont d&eacute;velopp&eacute;s par des particuliers volontaires,
+ou par des organisations, qui n'ont pas l'intention de vendre des
+copies. Leurs d&eacute;veloppeurs ne sont pas des vendeurs. De m&ecirc;me,
+seuls certains d&eacute;veloppeurs de distributions GNU/Linux sont des
+vendeurs.
 </p>
 
 <div class="announcement">
@@ -678,7 +768,7 @@
 <!-- timestamp start -->
 Dernière mise à jour&nbsp;:
 
-$Date: 2009/11/26 09:26:11 $
+$Date: 2009/11/30 21:26:49 $
 
 <!-- timestamp end -->
 </p>

Index: philosophy/po/push-copyright-aside.fr.po
===================================================================
RCS file: /web/www/www/philosophy/po/push-copyright-aside.fr.po,v
retrieving revision 1.4
retrieving revision 1.5
diff -u -b -r1.4 -r1.5
--- philosophy/po/push-copyright-aside.fr.po    29 Nov 2009 17:55:30 -0000      
1.4
+++ philosophy/po/push-copyright-aside.fr.po    30 Nov 2009 21:26:55 -0000      
1.5
@@ -16,131 +16,232 @@
 "Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit\n"
 
 # type: Content of: <title>
-#| msgid ""
-#| "Science must &lsquo;push copyright aside&rsquo; - GNU Project - Free "
-#| "Software Foundation (FSF)"
-msgid "Science must &ldquo;push copyright aside&rdquo; - GNU Project - Free 
Software Foundation (FSF)"
-msgstr "La science doit &laquo;&nbsp;mettre le droit d'auteur de 
c&ocirc;t&eacute;&nbsp;&raquo; - GNU Project - Free Software Foundation (FSF)"
+msgid ""
+"Science must &ldquo;push copyright aside&rdquo; - GNU Project - Free "
+"Software Foundation (FSF)"
+msgstr ""
+"La science doit &laquo;&nbsp;mettre le droit d'auteur de c&ocirc;t&eacute;"
+"&nbsp;&raquo; - GNU Project - Free Software Foundation (FSF)"
 
 # type: Content of: <h2>
-#| msgid "Science must &lsquo;push copyright aside&rsquo;"
 msgid "Science must &ldquo;push copyright aside&rdquo;"
-msgstr "La science doit &laquo;&nbsp;mettre le droit d'auteur de 
c&ocirc;t&eacute;&nbsp;&raquo;"
+msgstr ""
+"La science doit &laquo;&nbsp;mettre le droit d'auteur de c&ocirc;t&eacute;"
+"&nbsp;&raquo;"
 
 # type: Content of: <p>
 msgid "by <strong>Richard M. Stallman</strong>"
 msgstr "par <strong>Richard M. Stallman</strong>"
 
 # type: Content of: <p>
-#| msgid "<em>This article appeared in the Nature Webdebates in 2001</em>"
 msgid "<em>This article appeared in <em>Nature Webdebates</em> in 2001</em>"
 msgstr "<em>Cet article est paru dans <em>Nature Webdebates</em> en 2001</em>"
 
 # type: Content of: <p>
-msgid "It should be a truism that the scientific literature exists to 
disseminate scientific knowledge, and that scientific journals exist to 
facilitate the process.  It therefore follows that rules for use of the 
scientific literature should be designed to help achieve that goal."
-msgstr "Il devrait &ecirc;tre &eacute;vident pour tout un chacun que la 
litt&eacute;rature scientifique est faite pour diffuser les connaissances 
scientifiques, et que les revues scientifiques existent pour faciliter ce 
travail. Par cons&eacute;quent les r&egrave;gles d'utilisation de la 
litt&eacute;rature scientifique devraient &ecirc;tre de nature &agrave; aider 
&agrave; atteindre cet objectif."
-
-# type: Content of: <p>
-#| msgid ""
-#| "The rules we have now, known as copyright, were established in the age of "
-#| "the printing press, an inherently centralized method of mass-production "
-#| "copying.  In a print environment, copyright on journal articles "
-#| "restricted only journal publishers &mdash; requiring them to obtain "
-#| "permission to publish an article &mdash; and would-be plagiarists. It "
-#| "helped journals to operate and disseminate knowledge, without interfering "
-#| "with the useful work of scientists or students, either as writers or "
-#| "readers of articles. These rules fit that system well."
-msgid "The rules we have now, known as copyright, were established in the age 
of the printing press, an inherently centralized method of mass-production 
copying.  In a print environment, copyright on journal articles restricted only 
journal publishers&mdash;requiring them to obtain permission to publish an 
article&mdash;and would-be plagiarists. It helped journals to operate and 
disseminate knowledge, without interfering with the useful work of scientists 
or students, either as writers or readers of articles. These rules fit that 
system well."
-msgstr "Les r&egrave;gles actuelles, appel&eacute;es droit d'auteur, ont 
&eacute;t&eacute; &eacute;tablies &agrave; l'&eacute;poque de la presse 
&eacute;crite, une m&eacute;thode de publication de masse in&eacute;vitablement 
centralis&eacute;e. Dans un contexte de presse &eacute;crite, le droit d'auteur 
sur les articles de revues n'&eacute;tait une contrainte que pour les 
&eacute;diteurs &mdash; les obligeant &agrave; obtenir une autorisation avant 
de publier un article &mdash; et les plagiaires potentiels. Elle aidait les 
revues &agrave; fonctionner et &agrave; faire circuler les connaissances, sans 
g&ecirc;ner le travail utile des scientifiques ou des &eacute;tudiants, qu'ils 
soient lecteurs ou auteurs d'articles. Ces r&egrave;gles conviennent bien 
&agrave; ce syst&egrave;me."
-
-# type: Content of: <p>
-#| msgid ""
-#| "The modern technology for scientific publishing, however, is the World "
-#| "Wide Web.  What rules would best ensure the maximum dissemination of "
-#| "scientific articles, and knowledge, on the Web? Articles should be "
-#| "distributed in non-proprietary formats, with open access for all. And "
-#| "everyone should have the right to &lsquo;mirror&rsquo; articles; that is, "
-#| "to republish them verbatim with proper attribution."
-msgid "The modern technology for scientific publishing, however, is the World 
Wide Web.  What rules would best ensure the maximum dissemination of scientific 
articles, and knowledge, on the Web? Articles should be distributed in 
nonproprietary formats, with open access for all. And everyone should have the 
right to &ldquo;mirror&rdquo; articles&mdash;that is, to republish them 
verbatim with proper attribution."
-msgstr "Mais la technique actuelle de publication scientifique est le Web. 
Quelles sont les r&egrave;gles susceptibles d'assurer une diffusion maximale 
des articles et connaissances scientifiques sur le Web&nbsp;? Il faudrait que 
les articles soient diffus&eacute;s sous des formats non-propri&eacute;taires, 
en acc&egrave;s libre pour tous. Et chacun devrait avoir le droit de placer les 
articles sur un site &laquo;&nbsp;miroir&nbsp;&raquo;, c'est-&agrave;-dire de 
les republier int&eacute;gralement en indiquant correctement la source."
-
-# type: Content of: <p>
-msgid "These rules should apply to past as well as future articles, when they 
are distributed in electronic form. But there is no crucial need to change the 
present copyright system as it applies to paper publication of journals because 
the problem is not in that domain."
-msgstr "Ces r&egrave;gles devraient s'appliquer aussi bien aux anciens 
articles qu'aux nouveaux, lorsqu'ils sont diffus&eacute;s sous forme 
&eacute;lectronique. Mais il n'y a pas de n&eacute;cessit&eacute; vitale 
&agrave; modifier le syst&egrave;me actuel de droits d'auteur en ce qui 
concerne la publication des revues sur papier parce qu'il n'y a pas de 
probl&egrave;me dans ce domaine."
-
-# type: Content of: <p>
-#| msgid ""
-#| "Unfortunately, it seems that not everyone agrees with the truisms that "
-#| "began this article. Many journal publishers appear to believe that the "
-#| "purpose of scientific literature is to enable them to publish journals so "
-#| "as to collect subscriptions from scientists and students. Such thinking "
-#| "is known as &lsquo;confusion of the means with the ends&rsquo;."
-msgid "Unfortunately, it seems that not everyone agrees with the truisms that 
began this article. Many journal publishers appear to believe that the purpose 
of scientific literature is to enable them to publish journals so as to collect 
subscriptions from scientists and students. Such thinking is known as 
&ldquo;confusion of the means with the ends&rdquo;."
-msgstr "Malheureusement, il semble que tout le monde ne soit pas d'accord avec 
les &eacute;vidences exprim&eacute;es au d&eacute;but de cet article. De 
nombreux &eacute;diteurs de revues semblent croire que l'objectif de la 
litt&eacute;rature scientifique est de leur permettre de publier des revues 
afin de recueillir des abonnements de scientifiques et d'&eacute;tudiants. 
Partager un tel point de vue c'est &laquo;&nbsp;confondre la fin et les 
moyens&nbsp;&raquo;."
-
-# type: Content of: <p>
-msgid "Their approach has been to restrict access even to read the scientific 
literature to those who can and will pay for it. They use copyright law, which 
is still in force despite its inappropriateness for computer networks, as an 
excuse to stop scientists from choosing new rules."
-msgstr "Leur approche consiste &agrave; restreindre l'acc&egrave;s &agrave; la 
simple consultation de la litt&eacute;rature scientifique &agrave; ceux qui 
veulent et peuvent payer pour cela. Ils utilisent le droit d'auteur, qui est 
toujours en vigueur malgr&eacute; son inadaptation aux r&eacute;seaux 
informatiques, comme excuse pour dissuader les scientifiques de choisir de 
nouvelles r&egrave;gles."
-
-# type: Content of: <p>
-#| msgid ""
-#| "For the sake of scientific cooperation and humanity's future, we must "
-#| "reject that approach at its root &mdash; not merely the obstructive "
-#| "systems that have been instituted, but the mistaken priorities that "
-#| "inspired them."
-msgid "For the sake of scientific cooperation and humanity's future, we must 
reject that approach at its root&mdash;not merely the obstructive systems that 
have been instituted, but the mistaken priorities that inspired them."
-msgstr "Dans l'int&eacute;r&ecirc;t de la coop&eacute;ration scientifique et 
de l'avenir de l'humanit&eacute;, nous devons refuser cette approche &agrave; 
la base &mdash; non seulement les syst&egrave;mes d'obstruction qui ont 
&eacute;t&eacute; mis en place, mais aussi les mauvaises priorit&eacute;s qui 
les ont inspir&eacute;s."
-
-# type: Content of: <p>
-#| msgid ""
-#| "Journal publishers sometimes claim that on-line access requires expensive "
-#| "high-powered server machines, and that they must charge access fees to "
-#| "pay for these servers. This &lsquo;problem&rsquo; is a consequence of its "
-#| "own &lsquo;solution&rsquo;. Give everyone the freedom to mirror, and "
-#| "libraries around the world will set up mirror sites to meet the demand. "
-#| "This decentralized solution will reduce network bandwidth needs and "
-#| "provide faster access, all the while protecting the scholarly record "
-#| "against accidental loss."
-msgid "Journal publishers sometimes claim that online access requires 
expensive high-powered server machines, and that they must charge access fees 
to pay for these servers. This &ldquo;problem&rdquo; is a consequence of its 
own &ldquo;solution.&rdquo; Give everyone the freedom to mirror, and libraries 
around the world will set up mirror sites to meet the demand. This 
decentralized solution will reduce network bandwidth needs and provide faster 
access, all the while protecting the scholarly record against accidental loss."
-msgstr "Les &eacute;diteurs de revues affirment parfois que la mise &agrave; 
disposition en ligne n&eacute;cessite des serveurs puissants, et qu'ils sont 
oblig&eacute;s de faire payer l'acc&egrave;s pour financer ces serveurs. Ce 
&laquo;&nbsp;probl&egrave;me&nbsp;&raquo; est une cons&eacute;quence de sa 
propre &laquo;&nbsp;solution&nbsp;&raquo;. Que l'on donne &agrave; chacun la 
libert&eacute; de publier sur un site miroir, et les biblioth&egrave;ques du 
monde entier vont cr&eacute;er des sites miroirs pour faire face &agrave; la 
demande. Cette solution d&eacute;centralis&eacute;e r&eacute;duira la bande 
passante du r&eacute;seau et assurera un acc&egrave;s plus rapide, tout en 
prot&eacute;geant les donn&eacute;es universitaires contre une perte 
accidentelle."
-
-# type: Content of: <p>
-msgid "Publishers also argue that paying the editors requires charging for 
access.  Let us accept the assumption that editors must be paid; this tail need 
not wag the dog. The cost of editing for a typical paper is between 1% and 3% 
of the cost of funding the research to produce it. Such a small percentage of 
the cost can hardly justify obstructing the use of the results."
-msgstr "Les &eacute;diteurs disent aussi qu'il faut un acc&egrave;s payant 
pour r&eacute;mun&eacute;rer les r&eacute;dacteurs. Admettons qu'il faille 
payer les r&eacute;dacteurs; c'est l'arbre qui cache la for&ecirc;t. Les frais 
de r&eacute;daction pour un article moyen varient entre 1% et 3% du co&ucirc;t 
n&eacute;cessaire &agrave; la recherche qui l'a suscit&eacute;. Un si petit 
pourcentage ne justifie pas que l'on fasse obstruction &agrave; l'utilisation 
des r&eacute;sultats."
-
-# type: Content of: <p>
-#| msgid ""
-#| "Instead, the cost of editing could be recovered, for example, through "
-#| "page charges to the authors, who can pass these on to the research "
-#| "sponsors.  The sponsors should not mind, given that they currently pay "
-#| "for publication in a more cumbersome way through overhead fees for the "
-#| "university library's subscription to the journal. By changing the "
-#| "economic model to charge editing costs to the research sponsors, we can "
-#| "eliminate the apparent need to restrict access. The occasional author who "
-#| "is not affiliated with an institution or company, and who has no research "
-#| "sponsor, could be exempted from page charges, with costs levied on "
-#| "institution-based authors."
-msgid "Instead, the cost of editing could be recovered, for example, through 
page charges to the authors, who can pass these on to the research sponsors.  
The sponsors should not mind, given that they currently pay for publication in 
a more cumbersome way, through overhead fees for the university library's 
subscription to the journal. By changing the economic model to charge editing 
costs to the research sponsors, we can eliminate the apparent need to restrict 
access. The occasional author who is not affiliated with an institution or 
company, and who has no research sponsor, could be exempted from page charges, 
with costs levied on institution-based authors."
-msgstr "Au lieu de cela, les frais de r&eacute;daction pourraient &ecirc;tre 
couverts, par exemple, par des frais &agrave; la page pour les auteurs, qui 
pourraient les faire financer par les commanditaires de la recherche. Ces 
commanditaires ne devraient pas s'y opposer dans la mesure o&ugrave; ils 
financent d&eacute;j&agrave; lourdement cette publication par 
l'interm&eacute;diaire des frais que constitue l'abonnement de la 
biblioth&egrave;que universitaire &agrave; la revue. En changeant le 
mod&egrave;le &eacute;conomique (transfert des frais de publication vers les 
commanditaires de la recherche), on peut &eacute;liminer le besoin apparent de 
restreindre la consultation. L'auteur occasionnel qui n'est pas affili&eacute; 
&agrave; une institution ou une entreprise, et qui n'a pas de commanditaire 
pour sa recherche, pourrait &ecirc;tre dispens&eacute; de frais de page, qui 
seraient r&eacute;percut&eacute;s sur les auteurs soutenus par des 
institutions."
-
-# type: Content of: <p>
-#| msgid ""
-#| "Another justification for access fees to online publications is to fund "
-#| "conversion of the print archives of a journal into on-line form. That "
-#| "work needs to be done, but we should seek alternative ways of funding it "
-#| "that do not involve obstructing access to the result. The work itself "
-#| "will not be any more difficult, or cost any more. It is self-defeating to "
-#| "digitize the archives and waste the results by restricting access."
-msgid "Another justification for access fees to online publications is to fund 
conversion of the print archives of a journal into online form. That work needs 
to be done, but we should seek alternative ways of funding it that do not 
involve obstructing access to the result. The work itself will not be any more 
difficult, or cost any more. It is self-defeating to digitize the archives and 
waste the results by restricting access."
-msgstr "Une autre justification pour faire payer l'acc&egrave;s aux 
publications en ligne c'est de dire qu'il faut financer la conversion des 
archives imprim&eacute;es au format &eacute;lectronique. Ce travail doit 
&ecirc;tre fait, mais il nous faut trouver des alternatives qui ne remettent 
pas en cause le libre acc&egrave;s au r&eacute;sultat. Le travail 
lui-m&ecirc;me ne sera pas plus difficile, ni plus co&ucirc;teux. Il est 
contre-productif de num&eacute;riser des archives et de g&acirc;cher le 
r&eacute;sultat de ce travail en en restreignant l'acc&egrave;s."
-
-# type: Content of: <p>
-#| msgid ""
-#| "The US Constitution says that copyright exists &lsquo;to promote the "
-#| "progress of science&rsquo;. When copyright impedes the progress of "
-#| "science, science must push copyright out of the way."
-msgid "The US Constitution says that copyright exists &ldquo;to promote the 
progress of science&rdquo;. When copyright impedes the progress of science, 
science must push copyright out of the way."
-msgstr "La Constitution des &Eacute;tats-Unis dit que le droit d'auteur existe 
&laquo;&nbsp;pour promouvoir les progr&egrave;s de la science&nbsp;&raquo;. 
Quand les droits d'auteur freinent les progr&egrave;s de la science, la science 
doit mettre le droit d'auteur de c&ocirc;t&eacute;."
+msgid ""
+"It should be a truism that the scientific literature exists to disseminate "
+"scientific knowledge, and that scientific journals exist to facilitate the "
+"process.  It therefore follows that rules for use of the scientific "
+"literature should be designed to help achieve that goal."
+msgstr ""
+"Il devrait &ecirc;tre &eacute;vident pour tout un chacun que la litt&eacute;"
+"rature scientifique est faite pour diffuser les connaissances scientifiques, "
+"et que les revues scientifiques existent pour faciliter ce travail. Par "
+"cons&eacute;quent les r&egrave;gles d'utilisation de la litt&eacute;rature "
+"scientifique devraient &ecirc;tre de nature &agrave; aider &agrave; "
+"atteindre cet objectif."
+
+# type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"The rules we have now, known as copyright, were established in the age of "
+"the printing press, an inherently centralized method of mass-production "
+"copying.  In a print environment, copyright on journal articles restricted "
+"only journal publishers&mdash;requiring them to obtain permission to publish "
+"an article&mdash;and would-be plagiarists. It helped journals to operate and "
+"disseminate knowledge, without interfering with the useful work of "
+"scientists or students, either as writers or readers of articles. These "
+"rules fit that system well."
+msgstr ""
+"Les r&egrave;gles actuelles, appel&eacute;es droit d'auteur, ont &eacute;"
+"t&eacute; &eacute;tablies &agrave; l'&eacute;poque de la presse &eacute;"
+"crite, une m&eacute;thode de publication de masse in&eacute;vitablement "
+"centralis&eacute;e. Dans un contexte de presse &eacute;crite, le droit "
+"d'auteur sur les articles de revues n'&eacute;tait une contrainte que pour "
+"les &eacute;diteurs &mdash; les obligeant &agrave; obtenir une autorisation "
+"avant de publier un article &mdash; et les plagiaires potentiels. Elle "
+"aidait les revues &agrave; fonctionner et &agrave; faire circuler les "
+"connaissances, sans g&ecirc;ner le travail utile des scientifiques ou des "
+"&eacute;tudiants, qu'ils soient lecteurs ou auteurs d'articles. Ces r&egrave;"
+"gles conviennent bien &agrave; ce syst&egrave;me."
+
+# type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"The modern technology for scientific publishing, however, is the World Wide "
+"Web.  What rules would best ensure the maximum dissemination of scientific "
+"articles, and knowledge, on the Web? Articles should be distributed in "
+"nonproprietary formats, with open access for all. And everyone should have "
+"the right to &ldquo;mirror&rdquo; articles&mdash;that is, to republish them "
+"verbatim with proper attribution."
+msgstr ""
+"Mais la technique actuelle de publication scientifique est le Web. Quelles "
+"sont les r&egrave;gles susceptibles d'assurer une diffusion maximale des "
+"articles et connaissances scientifiques sur le Web&nbsp;? Il faudrait que "
+"les articles soient diffus&eacute;s sous des formats non-propri&eacute;"
+"taires, en acc&egrave;s libre pour tous. Et chacun devrait avoir le droit de "
+"placer les articles sur un site &laquo;&nbsp;miroir&nbsp;&raquo;, c'est-"
+"&agrave;-dire de les republier int&eacute;gralement en indiquant "
+"correctement la source."
+
+# type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"These rules should apply to past as well as future articles, when they are "
+"distributed in electronic form. But there is no crucial need to change the "
+"present copyright system as it applies to paper publication of journals "
+"because the problem is not in that domain."
+msgstr ""
+"Ces r&egrave;gles devraient s'appliquer aussi bien aux anciens articles "
+"qu'aux nouveaux, lorsqu'ils sont diffus&eacute;s sous forme &eacute;"
+"lectronique. Mais il n'y a pas de n&eacute;cessit&eacute; vitale &agrave; "
+"modifier le syst&egrave;me actuel de droits d'auteur en ce qui concerne la "
+"publication des revues sur papier parce qu'il n'y a pas de probl&egrave;me "
+"dans ce domaine."
+
+# type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"Unfortunately, it seems that not everyone agrees with the truisms that began "
+"this article. Many journal publishers appear to believe that the purpose of "
+"scientific literature is to enable them to publish journals so as to collect "
+"subscriptions from scientists and students. Such thinking is known as &ldquo;"
+"confusion of the means with the ends&rdquo;."
+msgstr ""
+"Malheureusement, il semble que tout le monde ne soit pas d'accord avec les "
+"&eacute;vidences exprim&eacute;es au d&eacute;but de cet article. De "
+"nombreux &eacute;diteurs de revues semblent croire que l'objectif de la "
+"litt&eacute;rature scientifique est de leur permettre de publier des revues "
+"afin de recueillir des abonnements de scientifiques et d'&eacute;tudiants. "
+"Partager un tel point de vue c'est &laquo;&nbsp;confondre la fin et les "
+"moyens&nbsp;&raquo;."
+
+# type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"Their approach has been to restrict access even to read the scientific "
+"literature to those who can and will pay for it. They use copyright law, "
+"which is still in force despite its inappropriateness for computer networks, "
+"as an excuse to stop scientists from choosing new rules."
+msgstr ""
+"Leur approche consiste &agrave; restreindre l'acc&egrave;s &agrave; la "
+"simple consultation de la litt&eacute;rature scientifique &agrave; ceux qui "
+"veulent et peuvent payer pour cela. Ils utilisent le droit d'auteur, qui est "
+"toujours en vigueur malgr&eacute; son inadaptation aux r&eacute;seaux "
+"informatiques, comme excuse pour dissuader les scientifiques de choisir de "
+"nouvelles r&egrave;gles."
+
+# type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"For the sake of scientific cooperation and humanity's future, we must reject "
+"that approach at its root&mdash;not merely the obstructive systems that have "
+"been instituted, but the mistaken priorities that inspired them."
+msgstr ""
+"Dans l'int&eacute;r&ecirc;t de la coop&eacute;ration scientifique et de "
+"l'avenir de l'humanit&eacute;, nous devons refuser cette approche &agrave; "
+"la base &mdash; non seulement les syst&egrave;mes d'obstruction qui ont "
+"&eacute;t&eacute; mis en place, mais aussi les mauvaises priorit&eacute;s "
+"qui les ont inspir&eacute;s."
+
+# type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"Journal publishers sometimes claim that online access requires expensive "
+"high-powered server machines, and that they must charge access fees to pay "
+"for these servers. This &ldquo;problem&rdquo; is a consequence of its own "
+"&ldquo;solution.&rdquo; Give everyone the freedom to mirror, and libraries "
+"around the world will set up mirror sites to meet the demand. This "
+"decentralized solution will reduce network bandwidth needs and provide "
+"faster access, all the while protecting the scholarly record against "
+"accidental loss."
+msgstr ""
+"Les &eacute;diteurs de revues affirment parfois que la mise &agrave; "
+"disposition en ligne n&eacute;cessite des serveurs puissants, et qu'ils sont "
+"oblig&eacute;s de faire payer l'acc&egrave;s pour financer ces serveurs. Ce "
+"&laquo;&nbsp;probl&egrave;me&nbsp;&raquo; est une cons&eacute;quence de sa "
+"propre &laquo;&nbsp;solution&nbsp;&raquo;. Que l'on donne &agrave; chacun la "
+"libert&eacute; de publier sur un site miroir, et les biblioth&egrave;ques du "
+"monde entier vont cr&eacute;er des sites miroirs pour faire face &agrave; la "
+"demande. Cette solution d&eacute;centralis&eacute;e r&eacute;duira la bande "
+"passante du r&eacute;seau et assurera un acc&egrave;s plus rapide, tout en "
+"prot&eacute;geant les donn&eacute;es universitaires contre une perte "
+"accidentelle."
+
+# type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"Publishers also argue that paying the editors requires charging for access.  "
+"Let us accept the assumption that editors must be paid; this tail need not "
+"wag the dog. The cost of editing for a typical paper is between 1% and 3% of "
+"the cost of funding the research to produce it. Such a small percentage of "
+"the cost can hardly justify obstructing the use of the results."
+msgstr ""
+"Les &eacute;diteurs disent aussi qu'il faut un acc&egrave;s payant pour "
+"r&eacute;mun&eacute;rer les r&eacute;dacteurs. Admettons qu'il faille payer "
+"les r&eacute;dacteurs; c'est l'arbre qui cache la for&ecirc;t. Les frais de "
+"r&eacute;daction pour un article moyen varient entre 1% et 3% du co&ucirc;t "
+"n&eacute;cessaire &agrave; la recherche qui l'a suscit&eacute;. Un si petit "
+"pourcentage ne justifie pas que l'on fasse obstruction &agrave; "
+"l'utilisation des r&eacute;sultats."
+
+# type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"Instead, the cost of editing could be recovered, for example, through page "
+"charges to the authors, who can pass these on to the research sponsors.  The "
+"sponsors should not mind, given that they currently pay for publication in a "
+"more cumbersome way, through overhead fees for the university library's "
+"subscription to the journal. By changing the economic model to charge "
+"editing costs to the research sponsors, we can eliminate the apparent need "
+"to restrict access. The occasional author who is not affiliated with an "
+"institution or company, and who has no research sponsor, could be exempted "
+"from page charges, with costs levied on institution-based authors."
+msgstr ""
+"Au lieu de cela, les frais de r&eacute;daction pourraient &ecirc;tre "
+"couverts, par exemple, par des frais &agrave; la page pour les auteurs, qui "
+"pourraient les faire financer par les commanditaires de la recherche. Ces "
+"commanditaires ne devraient pas s'y opposer dans la mesure o&ugrave; ils "
+"financent d&eacute;j&agrave; lourdement cette publication par "
+"l'interm&eacute;diaire des frais que constitue l'abonnement de la "
+"biblioth&egrave;que universitaire &agrave; la revue. En changeant le "
+"mod&egrave;le &eacute;conomique (transfert des frais de publication vers les "
+"commanditaires de la recherche), on peut &eacute;liminer le besoin apparent "
+"de restreindre la consultation. L'auteur occasionnel qui n'est pas "
+"affili&eacute; &agrave; une institution ou une entreprise, et qui n'a pas de "
+"commanditaire pour sa recherche, pourrait &ecirc;tre dispens&eacute; de "
+"frais de page, qui seraient r&eacute;percut&eacute;s sur les auteurs "
+"soutenus par des institutions."
+
+# type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"Another justification for access fees to online publications is to fund "
+"conversion of the print archives of a journal into online form. That work "
+"needs to be done, but we should seek alternative ways of funding it that do "
+"not involve obstructing access to the result. The work itself will not be "
+"any more difficult, or cost any more. It is self-defeating to digitize the "
+"archives and waste the results by restricting access."
+msgstr ""
+"Une autre justification pour faire payer l'acc&egrave;s aux publications en "
+"ligne c'est de dire qu'il faut financer la conversion des archives "
+"imprim&eacute;es au format &eacute;lectronique. Ce travail doit &ecirc;tre "
+"fait, mais il nous faut trouver des alternatives qui ne remettent pas en "
+"cause le libre acc&egrave;s au r&eacute;sultat. Le travail lui-m&ecirc;me ne "
+"sera pas plus difficile, ni plus co&ucirc;teux. Il est contre-productif de "
+"num&eacute;riser des archives et de g&acirc;cher le r&eacute;sultat de ce "
+"travail en en restreignant l'acc&egrave;s."
+
+# type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"The US Constitution says that copyright exists &ldquo;to promote the "
+"progress of science&rdquo;. When copyright impedes the progress of science, "
+"science must push copyright out of the way."
+msgstr ""
+"La Constitution des &Eacute;tats-Unis dit que le droit d'auteur existe "
+"&laquo;&nbsp;pour promouvoir les progr&egrave;s de la science&nbsp;&raquo;. "
+"Quand les droits d'auteur freinent les progr&egrave;s de la science, la "
+"science doit mettre le droit d'auteur de c&ocirc;t&eacute;."
 
 # type: Content of: <div>
 #. TRANSLATORS: Use space (SPC) as msgstr if you don't have notes.
@@ -148,21 +249,46 @@
 msgstr " "
 
 # type: Content of: <div><p>
-msgid "Please send FSF &amp; GNU inquiries to <a 
href=\"mailto:address@hidden";><em>address@hidden</em></a>.  There are also <a 
href=\"/contact/\">other ways to contact</a> the FSF.  <br /> Please send 
broken links and other corrections or suggestions to <a 
href=\"mailto:address@hidden";><em>address@hidden</em></a>."
-msgstr "Veuillez envoyer les requêtes concernant la FSF et GNU à <a 
href=\"mailto:address@hidden";><em>address@hidden</em></a>. Il existe aussi <a 
href=\"/contact/\">d'autres moyens de contacter</a> la FSF. <br /> Veuillez 
envoyer les liens orphelins ou d'autres suggestions sur cette page Web aux <a 
href=\"/people/webmeisters.html\">webmestres de GNU</a> à l'adresse <a 
href=\"mailto:address@hidden";><em>address@hidden</em></a>."
+msgid ""
+"Please send FSF &amp; GNU inquiries to <a href=\"mailto:address@hidden";
+"\"><em>address@hidden</em></a>.  There are also <a href=\"/contact/\">other "
+"ways to contact</a> the FSF.  <br /> Please send broken links and other "
+"corrections or suggestions to <a href=\"mailto:address@hidden";
+"\"><em>address@hidden</em></a>."
+msgstr ""
+"Veuillez envoyer les requêtes concernant la FSF et GNU à <a href=\"mailto:";
+"address@hidden"><em>address@hidden</em></a>. Il existe aussi <a 
href=\"/contact/"
+"\">d'autres moyens de contacter</a> la FSF. <br /> Veuillez envoyer les "
+"liens orphelins ou d'autres suggestions sur cette page Web aux <a href=\"/"
+"people/webmeisters.html\">webmestres de GNU</a> à l'adresse <a 
href=\"mailto:";
+"address@hidden"><em>address@hidden</em></a>."
 
 # type: Content of: <div><p>
-msgid "Please see the <a 
href=\"/server/standards/README.translations.html\">Translations README</a> for 
information on coordinating and submitting translations of this article."
-msgstr "Veuillez consulter le <a 
href=\"/server/standards/README.translations.fr.html\">README des 
traductions</a> pour des informations sur la coordination et la soumission de 
traductions de cet article."
+msgid ""
+"Please see the <a href=\"/server/standards/README.translations.html"
+"\">Translations README</a> for information on coordinating and submitting "
+"translations of this article."
+msgstr ""
+"Veuillez consulter le <a href=\"/server/standards/README.translations.fr.html"
+"\">README des traductions</a> pour des informations sur la coordination et "
+"la soumission de traductions de cet article."
 
 # type: Content of: <div><p>
-msgid "Copyright &copy; 2001 Richard M. Stallman <br /> Verbatim copying and 
distribution of this entire article is permitted in any medium without royalty 
provided this notice is preserved."
-msgstr "Copyright &copy; 2001 Richard M. Stallman <br />La reproduction exacte 
et la distribution intégrale de cet article est permise sur n'importe quel 
support d'archivage, pourvu que cette notice soit préservée."
+msgid ""
+"Copyright &copy; 2001 Richard M. Stallman <br /> Verbatim copying and "
+"distribution of this entire article is permitted in any medium without "
+"royalty provided this notice is preserved."
+msgstr ""
+"Copyright &copy; 2001 Richard M. Stallman <br />La reproduction exacte et la "
+"distribution intégrale de cet article est permise sur n'importe quel support 
"
+"d'archivage, pourvu que cette notice soit préservée."
 
 # type: Content of: <div><div>
 #. TRANSLATORS: Use space (SPC) as msgstr if you don't want credits.
 msgid "*GNUN-SLOT: TRANSLATOR'S CREDITS*"
-msgstr "Traduction&nbsp;: Bruno Menan.<br />Révision&nbsp;: <a 
href=\"mailto:trad-gnu&#64;april.org\";>trad-gnu&#64;april.org</a>"
+msgstr ""
+"Traduction&nbsp;: Bruno Menan.<br />Révision&nbsp;: <a href=\"mailto:trad-";
+"gnu&#64;april.org\">trad-gnu&#64;april.org</a>"
 
 # type: Content of: <div><p>
 #.  timestamp start
@@ -172,4 +298,3 @@
 # type: Content of: <div><h4>
 msgid "Translations of this page"
 msgstr "Traductions de cette page"
-

Index: philosophy/po/right-to-read.fr.po
===================================================================
RCS file: /web/www/www/philosophy/po/right-to-read.fr.po,v
retrieving revision 1.9
retrieving revision 1.10
diff -u -b -r1.9 -r1.10
--- philosophy/po/right-to-read.fr.po   29 Nov 2009 17:55:30 -0000      1.9
+++ philosophy/po/right-to-read.fr.po   30 Nov 2009 21:26:59 -0000      1.10
@@ -24,89 +24,305 @@
 msgstr "Le droit de lire"
 
 # type: Content of: <p>
-msgid "by <a href=\"http://www.stallman.org/\";><strong>Richard 
Stallman</strong></a>"
-msgstr "par <a href=\"http://www.stallman.org/\";><strong>Richard 
Stallman</strong></a>"
+msgid ""
+"by <a href=\"http://www.stallman.org/\";><strong>Richard Stallman</strong></a>"
+msgstr ""
+"par <a href=\"http://www.stallman.org/\";><strong>Richard Stallman</strong></"
+"a>"
 
 # type: Content of: <p>
-msgid "<em>This article appeared in the February 1997 issue of 
<strong>Communications of the ACM</strong> (Volume 40, Number 2).</em>"
-msgstr "<em>Cet article a &eacute;t&eacute; publi&eacute; dans la parution de 
f&eacute;vrier 1997 de Communications of the ACM (volume 40, num&eacute;ro 
2).</em>"
+msgid ""
+"<em>This article appeared in the February 1997 issue of "
+"<strong>Communications of the ACM</strong> (Volume 40, Number 2).</em>"
+msgstr ""
+"<em>Cet article a &eacute;t&eacute; publi&eacute; dans la parution de "
+"f&eacute;vrier 1997 de Communications of the ACM (volume 40, num&eacute;ro "
+"2).</em>"
 
 # type: Content of: <blockquote><p>
-#| msgid ""
-#| "(from &ldquo;The Road To Tycho&rdquo;, a collection of articles about the "
-#| "antecedents of the Lunarian Revolution, published in Luna City in 2096)"
-msgid "From <cite>The Road To Tycho</cite>, a collection of articles about the 
antecedents of the Lunarian Revolution, published in Luna City in 2096."
-msgstr "Extrait de &laquo;&nbsp;The Road to Tycho&nbsp;&raquo;, une collection 
d'articles sur les ant&eacute;c&eacute;dents de la R&eacute;volution lunaire, 
publi&eacute;e &agrave; Luna City en 2096."
-
-# type: Content of: <p>
-msgid "For Dan Halbert, the road to Tycho began in college&mdash;when Lissa 
Lenz asked to borrow his computer.  Hers had broken down, and unless she could 
borrow another, she would fail her midterm project.  There was no one she dared 
ask, except Dan."
-msgstr "Pour Dan Halbert, la route vers Tycho commen&ccedil;a &agrave; 
l'universit&eacute; &mdash; quand Lissa Lenz lui demanda de lui pr&ecirc;ter 
son ordinateur. Le sien &eacute;tait en panne, et &agrave; moins qu'elle puisse 
en emprunter un autre, elle &eacute;chouerait son projet de mi-session. Il n'y 
avait personne d'autre &agrave; qui elle osait demander, &agrave; part Dan."
-
-# type: Content of: <p>
-msgid "This put Dan in a dilemma.  He had to help her&mdash;but if he lent her 
his computer, she might read his books.  Aside from the fact that you could go 
to prison for many years for letting someone else read your books, the very 
idea shocked him at first.  Like everyone, he had been taught since elementary 
school that sharing books was nasty and wrong&mdash;something that only pirates 
would do."
-msgstr "Ceci posa un dilemme &agrave; Dan. Il se devait de l'aider &mdash; 
mais s'il lui pr&ecirc;tait son ordinateur, elle pourrait lire ses livres. 
&Agrave; part le fait que vous pouviez aller en prison pour plusieurs 
ann&eacute;es pour avoir laiss&eacute; quelqu'un lire vos livres, l'id&eacute;e 
m&ecirc;me le choqua au d&eacute;part. Comme &agrave; tout le monde, on lui 
avait enseign&eacute; d&egrave;s l'&eacute;cole primaire que partager des 
livres &eacute;tait malicieux et immoral &mdash; une chose que seuls les 
pirates font."
-
-# type: Content of: <p>
-msgid "And there wasn't much chance that the SPA&mdash;the Software Protection 
Authority&mdash;would fail to catch him.  In his software class, Dan had 
learned that each book had a copyright monitor that reported when and where it 
was read, and by whom, to Central Licensing.  (They used this information to 
catch reading pirates, but also to sell personal interest profiles to 
retailers.)  The next time his computer was networked, Central Licensing would 
find out.  He, as computer owner, would receive the harshest 
punishment&mdash;for not taking pains to prevent the crime."
-msgstr "Et il &eacute;tait improbable que la SPA &mdash; la Software 
Protection Authority &mdash; manquerait de le pincer. Dans ses cours sur les 
logiciels, Dan avait appris que chaque livre avait un moniteur de copyright qui 
rapportait quand et o&ugrave; il &eacute;tait lu, et par qui, &agrave; la 
Centrale des licences. (Elle utilisait ces informations pour attraper les 
lecteurs pirates, mais aussi pour vendre des renseignements personnels &agrave; 
des d&eacute;taillants.) La prochaine fois que son ordinateur serait en 
r&eacute;seau, la Centrale des licences se rendrait compte. Dan, comme 
propri&eacute;taire d'ordinateur, subirait les punitions les plus 
s&eacute;v&egrave;res &mdash; pour ne pas avoir tout tent&eacute; pour 
&eacute;viter le d&eacute;lit."
-
-# type: Content of: <p>
-#| msgid ""
-#| "Of course, Lissa did not necessarily intend to read his books.  She might "
-#| "want the computer only to write her midterm.  But Dan knew she came from "
-#| "a middle-class family and could hardly afford the tuition, let alone her "
-#| "reading fees.  Reading his books might be the only way she could "
-#| "graduate.  He understood this situation; he himself had had to borrow to "
-#| "pay for all the research papers he read.  (10% of those fees went to the "
-#| "researchers who wrote the papers; since Dan aimed for an academic career, "
-#| "he could hope that his own research papers, if frequently referenced, "
-#| "would bring in enough to repay this loan.)"
-msgid "Of course, Lissa did not necessarily intend to read his books.  She 
might want the computer only to write her midterm.  But Dan knew she came from 
a middle-class family and could hardly afford the tuition, let alone her 
reading fees.  Reading his books might be the only way she could graduate.  He 
understood this situation; he himself had had to borrow to pay for all the 
research papers he read.  (Ten percent of those fees went to the researchers 
who wrote the papers; since Dan aimed for an academic career, he could hope 
that his own research papers, if frequently referenced, would bring in enough 
to repay this loan.)"
-msgstr "Bien s&ucirc;r, Lissa n'avait pas n&eacute;cessairement l'intention de 
lire ses livres. Elle pourrait ne vouloir l'ordinateur que pour &eacute;crire 
son projet. Mais Dan savait qu'elle venait d'une famille de classe moyenne et 
qu'elle arrivait difficilement &agrave; payer ses frais de scolarit&eacute;, 
sans compter ses frais de lecture. Lire les livres de Dan pourrait &ecirc;tre 
sa seule fa&ccedil;on d'obtenir son dipl&ocirc;me. Il comprenait cette 
situation; lui-m&ecirc;me avait eu &agrave; emprunter pour payer pour tous les 
articles scientifiques qu'il avait eu &agrave; lire. (10% de ces frais allaient 
aux chercheurs qui &eacute;crivaient ces articles; puisque Dan visait une 
carri&egrave;re acad&eacute;mique, il pouvait esp&eacute;rer que si ses propres 
articles scientiques &eacute;taient souvent lus, il gagnerait un revenu 
suffisant pour rembourser sa dette)."
-
-# type: Content of: <p>
-msgid "Later on, Dan would learn there was a time when anyone could go to the 
library and read journal articles, and even books, without having to pay.  
There were independent scholars who read thousands of pages without government 
library grants.  But in the 1990s, both commercial and nonprofit journal 
publishers had begun charging fees for access.  By 2047, libraries offering 
free public access to scholarly literature were a dim memory."
-msgstr "Par la suite, Dan apprendrait qu'il y eut un temps o&ugrave; n'importe 
qui pouvait aller &agrave; la biblioth&egrave;que et lire des articles de 
journaux, et m&ecirc;me des livres, sans avoir &agrave; payer. Il y avait des 
universitaires ind&eacute;pendants qui lisaient des milliers de pages sans 
subventions des biblioth&egrave;ques gouvernementales. Maisdans les 
ann&eacute;es 1990, les &eacute;diteurs aussi bien commerciaux qu'&agrave; but 
non lucratif avaient commenc&eacute; &agrave; facturer l'acc&egrave;s. En 2047, 
les biblioth&egrave;ques offrant un acc&egrave;s public gratuit &agrave; la 
litt&eacute;rature scientifique n'&eacute;taient qu'un p&acirc;le souvenir."
-
-# type: Content of: <p>
-msgid "There were ways, of course, to get around the SPA and Central 
Licensing.  They were themselves illegal.  Dan had had a classmate in software, 
Frank Martucci, who had obtained an illicit debugging tool, and used it to skip 
over the copyright monitor code when reading books.  But he had told too many 
friends about it, and one of them turned him in to the SPA for a reward 
(students deep in debt were easily tempted into betrayal).  In 2047, Frank was 
in prison, not for pirate reading, but for possessing a debugger."
-msgstr "Il y avait des fa&ccedil;ons, bien s&ucirc;r, de contourner la SPA et 
la Centrale des licences. Elles &eacute;taient elles-m&ecirc;mes 
ill&eacute;gales. Dan avait eu un compagnon de classe dans son cours sur les 
logiciels, Frank Martucci, qui avait obtenu un outil ill&eacute;gal de 
d&eacute;boguage, et l'avait utilis&eacute; pour outrepasser le code du 
moniteur de copyright quand il lisait des livres. Mais il en avait parl&eacute; 
&agrave; trop d'amis, et l'un d'eux l'a d&eacute;nonc&eacute; aupr&egrave;s de 
la SPA pour une r&eacute;compense (des &eacute;tudiants cribl&eacute;s de 
dettes pouvaient facilement &ecirc;tre tent&eacute;s par la trahison). En 2047, 
Frank &eacute;tait en prison, non pas pour lecture pirate, mais pour possession 
d'un d&eacute;bogueur."
-
-# type: Content of: <p>
-msgid "Dan would later learn that there was a time when anyone could have 
debugging tools.  There were even free debugging tools available on CD or 
downloadable over the net.  But ordinary users started using them to bypass 
copyright monitors, and eventually a judge ruled that this had become their 
principal use in actual practice.  This meant they were illegal; the debuggers' 
developers were sent to prison."
-msgstr "Dan apprendrait plus tard qu'il y eut un temps o&ugrave; n'importe qui 
pouvait poss&eacute;der des outils de d&eacute;boguage. Il y avait m&ecirc;me 
des outils de d&eacute;boguage disponibles gratuitement sur des CD ou qu'on 
pouvait t&eacute;l&eacute;charger du Net. Mais des usagers ordinaires 
commenc&egrave;rent &agrave; s'en servir pour outrepasser les moniteurs de 
copyright, et finalement un juge a d&eacute;cid&eacute; que c'&eacute;tait 
devenu leur principale utilisation en pratique. Ceci voulait dire qu'ils 
&eacute;taient ill&eacute;gaux; les d&eacute;veloppeurs de ces 
d&eacute;bogueurs furent envoy&eacute;s en prison."
-
-# type: Content of: <p>
-msgid "Programmers still needed debugging tools, of course, but debugger 
vendors in 2047 distributed numbered copies only, and only to officially 
licensed and bonded programmers.  The debugger Dan used in software class was 
kept behind a special firewall so that it could be used only for class 
exercises."
-msgstr "Les programmeurs avaient encore besoin d'outils pour d&eacute;boguer, 
bien s&ucirc;r, mais les vendeurs de d&eacute;bogueurs en 2047 ne distribuaient 
que des copies num&eacute;rot&eacute;es, et seulement &agrave; des programmeurs 
officiellement licenci&eacute;s et soumis. Le d&eacute;bogueur que Dan 
utilisait dans son cours sur les logiciels &eacute;tait gard&eacute; 
derri&egrave;re un garde-barri&egrave;re sp&eacute;cial afin qu'il ne puisse 
servir que pour les exercices du cours."
-
-# type: Content of: <p>
-msgid "It was also possible to bypass the copyright monitors by installing a 
modified system kernel.  Dan would eventually find out about the free kernels, 
even entire free operating systems, that had existed around the turn of the 
century.  But not only were they illegal, like debuggers&mdash;you could not 
install one if you had one, without knowing your computer's root password.  And 
neither the <abbr title=\"Federal Bureau of Investigation\">FBI</abbr> nor 
Microsoft Support would tell you that."
-msgstr "Il &eacute;tait aussi possible de contourner les moniteurs de 
copyright en installant un noyau syst&egrave;me modifi&eacute;. Dan apprendrait 
finalement l'existence de noyaux libres, et m&ecirc;me de syst&egrave;mes 
d'exploitation enti&egrave;rement libres, qui avaient exist&eacute; au tournant 
du si&egrave;cle. Mais non seulement &eacute;taient-ils ill&eacute;gaux, comme 
les d&eacute;bogueurs, mais vous ne pouviez en installer un, si vous en aviez 
un, sans conna&icirc;tre le mot de passe de l'usager superviseur de votre 
ordinateur. Or, ni le FBI ni l'Aide technique Microsoft ne vous le 
r&eacute;v&egrave;lerait."
-
-# type: Content of: <p>
-msgid "Dan concluded that he couldn't simply lend Lissa his computer.  But he 
couldn't refuse to help her, because he loved her.  Every chance to speak with 
her filled him with delight.  And that she chose him to ask for help, that 
could mean she loved him too."
-msgstr "Dan conclut qu'il ne pouvait simplement pr&ecirc;ter son ordinateur 
&agrave; Lissa. Mais il ne pouvait refuser de l'aider, car il l'aimait. Chaque 
chance de lui parler le remplissait d'aise. Et le fait qu'elle l'avait choisi 
pour demander de l'aide pouvait signifier qu'elle l'aimait aussi."
-
-# type: Content of: <p>
-msgid "Dan resolved the dilemma by doing something even more 
unthinkable&mdash;he lent her the computer, and told her his password.  This 
way, if Lissa read his books, Central Licensing would think he was reading 
them.  It was still a crime, but the SPA would not automatically find out about 
it.  They would only find out if Lissa reported him."
-msgstr "Dan r&eacute;solut le dilemme en faisant une chose encore plus 
impensable &mdash; il lui pr&ecirc;ta l'ordinateur, et lui dit son mot de 
passe. Ainsi, si Lissa lisait ses livres, la Centrale des licences penserait 
que c'&eacute;tait lui qui les lisait. C'&eacute;tait quand m&ecirc;me un 
d&eacute;lit, mais la SPA ne s'en rendrait pas compte automatiquement. Ils ne 
s'en rendraient compte que si Lissa le d&eacute;non&ccedil;ait."
-
-# type: Content of: <p>
-msgid "Of course, if the school ever found out that he had given Lissa his own 
password, it would be curtains for both of them as students, regardless of what 
she had used it for.  School policy was that any interference with their means 
of monitoring students' computer use was grounds for disciplinary action.  It 
didn't matter whether you did anything harmful&mdash;the offense was making it 
hard for the administrators to check on you.  They assumed this meant you were 
doing something else forbidden, and they did not need to know what it was."
-msgstr "Bien s&ucirc;r, si l'&eacute;cole devait un jour apprendre qu'il avait 
donn&eacute; son propre mot de passe &agrave; Lissa, ce serait la fin de leurs 
&eacute;tudes, peu importe ce &agrave; quoi le mot de passe aurait servi. La 
politique de l'&eacute;cole &eacute;tait que toute interf&eacute;rence avec ses 
m&eacute;canismes de surveillance de l'utilisation des ordinateurs par les 
&eacute;tudiants &eacute;tait punissable. Il n'importait pas qu'aucun mal n'ait 
&eacute;t&eacute; fait &mdash; l'offense &eacute;tait de se rendre difficile 
&agrave;surveiller par les administrateurs. Ils supposaient que &ccedil;a 
signifiait que vous faisiez quelque chose d'autre qui &eacute;tait interdit, et 
ils n'avaient pas besoin de savoir de quoi il s'agissait."
-
-# type: Content of: <p>
-msgid "Students were not usually expelled for this&mdash;not directly.  
Instead they were banned from the school computer systems, and would inevitably 
fail all their classes."
-msgstr "Les &eacute;tudiants n'&eacute;taient habituellement pas 
expuls&eacute;s pour cela &mdash; pas directement. Ils &eacute;taient 
plut&ocirc;t bannis des syst&egrave;mes informatiques de l'&eacute;cole, et 
&eacute;chouaient in&eacute;vitablement leurs cours."
-
-# type: Content of: <p>
-msgid "Later, Dan would learn that this kind of university policy started only 
in the 1980s, when university students in large numbers began using computers.  
Previously, universities maintained a different approach to student discipline; 
they punished activities that were harmful, not those that merely raised 
suspicion."
-msgstr "Plus tard, Dan apprendrait que ce genre de politique n'a 
commenc&eacute; dans les universit&eacute;s que dans les ann&eacute;es 1980, 
quand des &eacute;tudiants commenc&egrave;rent &agrave; &ecirc;tre nombreux 
&agrave; utiliser des ordinateurs. Avant, les universit&eacute;s avaient une 
approche diff&eacute;rente au sujet de la discipline aupr&egrave;s des 
&eacute;tudiants; elles punissaient des activit&eacute;s qui causaient du tort, 
et non pas simplement celles qui soulevaient des doutes."
-
-# type: Content of: <p>
-msgid "Lissa did not report Dan to the SPA.  His decision to help her led to 
their marriage, and also led them to question what they had been taught about 
piracy as children.  The couple began reading about the history of copyright, 
about the Soviet Union and its restrictions on copying, and even the original 
United States Constitution.  They moved to Luna, where they found others who 
had likewise gravitated away from the long arm of the SPA.  When the Tycho 
Uprising began in 2062, the universal right to read soon became one of its 
central aims."
-msgstr "Lissa ne d&eacute;non&ccedil;a pas Dan &agrave; la SPA. La 
d&eacute;cision de Dan de l'aider mena &agrave; leur mariage, et les amena 
aussi &agrave; remettre en question ce qu'on leur avait enseign&eacute; durant 
leur enfance au sujet du piratage. Le couple se mit &agrave; lire sur 
l'histoire du copyright, sur l'Union sovi&eacute;tique et ses restrictions sur 
la copie, et m&ecirc;me sur la Constitution originale des &Eacute;tats-Unis. 
Ils d&eacute;m&eacute;nag&egrave;rent &agrave; Luna, o&ugrave; ils 
trouv&egrave;rent d'autres gens qui comme eux avaient pris leurs distances par 
rapport au bras long de la SPA. Quand la r&eacute;volte de Tycho 
commen&ccedil;a en 2062, le droit universel de lire devint bient&ocirc;t un de 
ses buts principaux."
+msgid ""
+"From <cite>The Road To Tycho</cite>, a collection of articles about the "
+"antecedents of the Lunarian Revolution, published in Luna City in 2096."
+msgstr ""
+"Extrait de &laquo;&nbsp;The Road to Tycho&nbsp;&raquo;, une collection "
+"d'articles sur les ant&eacute;c&eacute;dents de la R&eacute;volution "
+"lunaire, publi&eacute;e &agrave; Luna City en 2096."
+
+# type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"For Dan Halbert, the road to Tycho began in college&mdash;when Lissa Lenz "
+"asked to borrow his computer.  Hers had broken down, and unless she could "
+"borrow another, she would fail her midterm project.  There was no one she "
+"dared ask, except Dan."
+msgstr ""
+"Pour Dan Halbert, la route vers Tycho commen&ccedil;a &agrave; "
+"l'universit&eacute; &mdash; quand Lissa Lenz lui demanda de lui pr&ecirc;ter "
+"son ordinateur. Le sien &eacute;tait en panne, et &agrave; moins qu'elle "
+"puisse en emprunter un autre, elle &eacute;chouerait son projet de mi-"
+"session. Il n'y avait personne d'autre &agrave; qui elle osait demander, "
+"&agrave; part Dan."
+
+# type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"This put Dan in a dilemma.  He had to help her&mdash;but if he lent her his "
+"computer, she might read his books.  Aside from the fact that you could go "
+"to prison for many years for letting someone else read your books, the very "
+"idea shocked him at first.  Like everyone, he had been taught since "
+"elementary school that sharing books was nasty and wrong&mdash;something "
+"that only pirates would do."
+msgstr ""
+"Ceci posa un dilemme &agrave; Dan. Il se devait de l'aider &mdash; mais s'il "
+"lui pr&ecirc;tait son ordinateur, elle pourrait lire ses livres. &Agrave; "
+"part le fait que vous pouviez aller en prison pour plusieurs ann&eacute;es "
+"pour avoir laiss&eacute; quelqu'un lire vos livres, l'id&eacute;e m&ecirc;me "
+"le choqua au d&eacute;part. Comme &agrave; tout le monde, on lui avait "
+"enseign&eacute; d&egrave;s l'&eacute;cole primaire que partager des livres "
+"&eacute;tait malicieux et immoral &mdash; une chose que seuls les pirates "
+"font."
+
+# type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"And there wasn't much chance that the SPA&mdash;the Software Protection "
+"Authority&mdash;would fail to catch him.  In his software class, Dan had "
+"learned that each book had a copyright monitor that reported when and where "
+"it was read, and by whom, to Central Licensing.  (They used this information "
+"to catch reading pirates, but also to sell personal interest profiles to "
+"retailers.)  The next time his computer was networked, Central Licensing "
+"would find out.  He, as computer owner, would receive the harshest "
+"punishment&mdash;for not taking pains to prevent the crime."
+msgstr ""
+"Et il &eacute;tait improbable que la SPA &mdash; la Software Protection "
+"Authority &mdash; manquerait de le pincer. Dans ses cours sur les logiciels, "
+"Dan avait appris que chaque livre avait un moniteur de copyright qui "
+"rapportait quand et o&ugrave; il &eacute;tait lu, et par qui, &agrave; la "
+"Centrale des licences. (Elle utilisait ces informations pour attraper les "
+"lecteurs pirates, mais aussi pour vendre des renseignements personnels "
+"&agrave; des d&eacute;taillants.) La prochaine fois que son ordinateur "
+"serait en r&eacute;seau, la Centrale des licences se rendrait compte. Dan, "
+"comme propri&eacute;taire d'ordinateur, subirait les punitions les plus "
+"s&eacute;v&egrave;res &mdash; pour ne pas avoir tout tent&eacute; pour "
+"&eacute;viter le d&eacute;lit."
+
+# type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"Of course, Lissa did not necessarily intend to read his books.  She might "
+"want the computer only to write her midterm.  But Dan knew she came from a "
+"middle-class family and could hardly afford the tuition, let alone her "
+"reading fees.  Reading his books might be the only way she could graduate.  "
+"He understood this situation; he himself had had to borrow to pay for all "
+"the research papers he read.  (Ten percent of those fees went to the "
+"researchers who wrote the papers; since Dan aimed for an academic career, he "
+"could hope that his own research papers, if frequently referenced, would "
+"bring in enough to repay this loan.)"
+msgstr ""
+"Bien s&ucirc;r, Lissa n'avait pas n&eacute;cessairement l'intention de lire "
+"ses livres. Elle pourrait ne vouloir l'ordinateur que pour &eacute;crire son "
+"projet. Mais Dan savait qu'elle venait d'une famille de classe moyenne et "
+"qu'elle arrivait difficilement &agrave; payer ses frais de scolarit&eacute;, "
+"sans compter ses frais de lecture. Lire les livres de Dan pourrait &ecirc;"
+"tre sa seule fa&ccedil;on d'obtenir son dipl&ocirc;me. Il comprenait cette "
+"situation; lui-m&ecirc;me avait eu &agrave; emprunter pour payer pour tous "
+"les articles scientifiques qu'il avait eu &agrave; lire. (10% de ces frais "
+"allaient aux chercheurs qui &eacute;crivaient ces articles; puisque Dan "
+"visait une carri&egrave;re acad&eacute;mique, il pouvait esp&eacute;rer que "
+"si ses propres articles scientiques &eacute;taient souvent lus, il gagnerait "
+"un revenu suffisant pour rembourser sa dette)."
+
+# type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"Later on, Dan would learn there was a time when anyone could go to the "
+"library and read journal articles, and even books, without having to pay.  "
+"There were independent scholars who read thousands of pages without "
+"government library grants.  But in the 1990s, both commercial and nonprofit "
+"journal publishers had begun charging fees for access.  By 2047, libraries "
+"offering free public access to scholarly literature were a dim memory."
+msgstr ""
+"Par la suite, Dan apprendrait qu'il y eut un temps o&ugrave; n'importe qui "
+"pouvait aller &agrave; la biblioth&egrave;que et lire des articles de "
+"journaux, et m&ecirc;me des livres, sans avoir &agrave; payer. Il y avait "
+"des universitaires ind&eacute;pendants qui lisaient des milliers de pages "
+"sans subventions des biblioth&egrave;ques gouvernementales. Maisdans les "
+"ann&eacute;es 1990, les &eacute;diteurs aussi bien commerciaux qu'&agrave; "
+"but non lucratif avaient commenc&eacute; &agrave; facturer l'acc&egrave;s. "
+"En 2047, les biblioth&egrave;ques offrant un acc&egrave;s public gratuit "
+"&agrave; la litt&eacute;rature scientifique n'&eacute;taient qu'un p&acirc;"
+"le souvenir."
+
+# type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"There were ways, of course, to get around the SPA and Central Licensing.  "
+"They were themselves illegal.  Dan had had a classmate in software, Frank "
+"Martucci, who had obtained an illicit debugging tool, and used it to skip "
+"over the copyright monitor code when reading books.  But he had told too "
+"many friends about it, and one of them turned him in to the SPA for a reward "
+"(students deep in debt were easily tempted into betrayal).  In 2047, Frank "
+"was in prison, not for pirate reading, but for possessing a debugger."
+msgstr ""
+"Il y avait des fa&ccedil;ons, bien s&ucirc;r, de contourner la SPA et la "
+"Centrale des licences. Elles &eacute;taient elles-m&ecirc;mes ill&eacute;"
+"gales. Dan avait eu un compagnon de classe dans son cours sur les logiciels, "
+"Frank Martucci, qui avait obtenu un outil ill&eacute;gal de d&eacute;"
+"boguage, et l'avait utilis&eacute; pour outrepasser le code du moniteur de "
+"copyright quand il lisait des livres. Mais il en avait parl&eacute; &agrave; "
+"trop d'amis, et l'un d'eux l'a d&eacute;nonc&eacute; aupr&egrave;s de la SPA "
+"pour une r&eacute;compense (des &eacute;tudiants cribl&eacute;s de dettes "
+"pouvaient facilement &ecirc;tre tent&eacute;s par la trahison). En 2047, "
+"Frank &eacute;tait en prison, non pas pour lecture pirate, mais pour "
+"possession d'un d&eacute;bogueur."
+
+# type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"Dan would later learn that there was a time when anyone could have debugging "
+"tools.  There were even free debugging tools available on CD or downloadable "
+"over the net.  But ordinary users started using them to bypass copyright "
+"monitors, and eventually a judge ruled that this had become their principal "
+"use in actual practice.  This meant they were illegal; the debuggers' "
+"developers were sent to prison."
+msgstr ""
+"Dan apprendrait plus tard qu'il y eut un temps o&ugrave; n'importe qui "
+"pouvait poss&eacute;der des outils de d&eacute;boguage. Il y avait m&ecirc;"
+"me des outils de d&eacute;boguage disponibles gratuitement sur des CD ou "
+"qu'on pouvait t&eacute;l&eacute;charger du Net. Mais des usagers ordinaires "
+"commenc&egrave;rent &agrave; s'en servir pour outrepasser les moniteurs de "
+"copyright, et finalement un juge a d&eacute;cid&eacute; que c'&eacute;tait "
+"devenu leur principale utilisation en pratique. Ceci voulait dire qu'ils "
+"&eacute;taient ill&eacute;gaux; les d&eacute;veloppeurs de ces d&eacute;"
+"bogueurs furent envoy&eacute;s en prison."
+
+# type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"Programmers still needed debugging tools, of course, but debugger vendors in "
+"2047 distributed numbered copies only, and only to officially licensed and "
+"bonded programmers.  The debugger Dan used in software class was kept behind "
+"a special firewall so that it could be used only for class exercises."
+msgstr ""
+"Les programmeurs avaient encore besoin d'outils pour d&eacute;boguer, bien "
+"s&ucirc;r, mais les vendeurs de d&eacute;bogueurs en 2047 ne distribuaient "
+"que des copies num&eacute;rot&eacute;es, et seulement &agrave; des "
+"programmeurs officiellement licenci&eacute;s et soumis. Le d&eacute;bogueur "
+"que Dan utilisait dans son cours sur les logiciels &eacute;tait gard&eacute; "
+"derri&egrave;re un garde-barri&egrave;re sp&eacute;cial afin qu'il ne puisse "
+"servir que pour les exercices du cours."
+
+# type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"It was also possible to bypass the copyright monitors by installing a "
+"modified system kernel.  Dan would eventually find out about the free "
+"kernels, even entire free operating systems, that had existed around the "
+"turn of the century.  But not only were they illegal, like debuggers&mdash;"
+"you could not install one if you had one, without knowing your computer's "
+"root password.  And neither the <abbr title=\"Federal Bureau of Investigation"
+"\">FBI</abbr> nor Microsoft Support would tell you that."
+msgstr ""
+"Il &eacute;tait aussi possible de contourner les moniteurs de copyright en "
+"installant un noyau syst&egrave;me modifi&eacute;. Dan apprendrait "
+"finalement l'existence de noyaux libres, et m&ecirc;me de syst&egrave;mes "
+"d'exploitation enti&egrave;rement libres, qui avaient exist&eacute; au "
+"tournant du si&egrave;cle. Mais non seulement &eacute;taient-ils ill&eacute;"
+"gaux, comme les d&eacute;bogueurs, mais vous ne pouviez en installer un, si "
+"vous en aviez un, sans conna&icirc;tre le mot de passe de l'usager "
+"superviseur de votre ordinateur. Or, ni le FBI ni l'Aide technique Microsoft "
+"ne vous le r&eacute;v&egrave;lerait."
+
+# type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"Dan concluded that he couldn't simply lend Lissa his computer.  But he "
+"couldn't refuse to help her, because he loved her.  Every chance to speak "
+"with her filled him with delight.  And that she chose him to ask for help, "
+"that could mean she loved him too."
+msgstr ""
+"Dan conclut qu'il ne pouvait simplement pr&ecirc;ter son ordinateur &agrave; "
+"Lissa. Mais il ne pouvait refuser de l'aider, car il l'aimait. Chaque chance "
+"de lui parler le remplissait d'aise. Et le fait qu'elle l'avait choisi pour "
+"demander de l'aide pouvait signifier qu'elle l'aimait aussi."
+
+# type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"Dan resolved the dilemma by doing something even more unthinkable&mdash;he "
+"lent her the computer, and told her his password.  This way, if Lissa read "
+"his books, Central Licensing would think he was reading them.  It was still "
+"a crime, but the SPA would not automatically find out about it.  They would "
+"only find out if Lissa reported him."
+msgstr ""
+"Dan r&eacute;solut le dilemme en faisant une chose encore plus impensable "
+"&mdash; il lui pr&ecirc;ta l'ordinateur, et lui dit son mot de passe. Ainsi, "
+"si Lissa lisait ses livres, la Centrale des licences penserait que c'&eacute;"
+"tait lui qui les lisait. C'&eacute;tait quand m&ecirc;me un d&eacute;lit, "
+"mais la SPA ne s'en rendrait pas compte automatiquement. Ils ne s'en "
+"rendraient compte que si Lissa le d&eacute;non&ccedil;ait."
+
+# type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"Of course, if the school ever found out that he had given Lissa his own "
+"password, it would be curtains for both of them as students, regardless of "
+"what she had used it for.  School policy was that any interference with "
+"their means of monitoring students' computer use was grounds for "
+"disciplinary action.  It didn't matter whether you did anything "
+"harmful&mdash;the offense was making it hard for the administrators to check "
+"on you.  They assumed this meant you were doing something else forbidden, "
+"and they did not need to know what it was."
+msgstr ""
+"Bien s&ucirc;r, si l'&eacute;cole devait un jour apprendre qu'il avait "
+"donn&eacute; son propre mot de passe &agrave; Lissa, ce serait la fin de "
+"leurs &eacute;tudes, peu importe ce &agrave; quoi le mot de passe aurait "
+"servi. La politique de l'&eacute;cole &eacute;tait que toute interf&eacute;"
+"rence avec ses m&eacute;canismes de surveillance de l'utilisation des "
+"ordinateurs par les &eacute;tudiants &eacute;tait punissable. Il n'importait "
+"pas qu'aucun mal n'ait &eacute;t&eacute; fait &mdash; l'offense &eacute;tait "
+"de se rendre difficile &agrave;surveiller par les administrateurs. Ils "
+"supposaient que &ccedil;a signifiait que vous faisiez quelque chose d'autre "
+"qui &eacute;tait interdit, et ils n'avaient pas besoin de savoir de quoi il "
+"s'agissait."
+
+# type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"Students were not usually expelled for this&mdash;not directly.  Instead "
+"they were banned from the school computer systems, and would inevitably fail "
+"all their classes."
+msgstr ""
+"Les &eacute;tudiants n'&eacute;taient habituellement pas expuls&eacute;s "
+"pour cela &mdash; pas directement. Ils &eacute;taient plut&ocirc;t bannis "
+"des syst&egrave;mes informatiques de l'&eacute;cole, et &eacute;chouaient "
+"in&eacute;vitablement leurs cours."
+
+# type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"Later, Dan would learn that this kind of university policy started only in "
+"the 1980s, when university students in large numbers began using computers.  "
+"Previously, universities maintained a different approach to student "
+"discipline; they punished activities that were harmful, not those that "
+"merely raised suspicion."
+msgstr ""
+"Plus tard, Dan apprendrait que ce genre de politique n'a commenc&eacute; "
+"dans les universit&eacute;s que dans les ann&eacute;es 1980, quand des "
+"&eacute;tudiants commenc&egrave;rent &agrave; &ecirc;tre nombreux &agrave; "
+"utiliser des ordinateurs. Avant, les universit&eacute;s avaient une approche "
+"diff&eacute;rente au sujet de la discipline aupr&egrave;s des &eacute;"
+"tudiants; elles punissaient des activit&eacute;s qui causaient du tort, et "
+"non pas simplement celles qui soulevaient des doutes."
+
+# type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"Lissa did not report Dan to the SPA.  His decision to help her led to their "
+"marriage, and also led them to question what they had been taught about "
+"piracy as children.  The couple began reading about the history of "
+"copyright, about the Soviet Union and its restrictions on copying, and even "
+"the original United States Constitution.  They moved to Luna, where they "
+"found others who had likewise gravitated away from the long arm of the SPA.  "
+"When the Tycho Uprising began in 2062, the universal right to read soon "
+"became one of its central aims."
+msgstr ""
+"Lissa ne d&eacute;non&ccedil;a pas Dan &agrave; la SPA. La d&eacute;cision "
+"de Dan de l'aider mena &agrave; leur mariage, et les amena aussi &agrave; "
+"remettre en question ce qu'on leur avait enseign&eacute; durant leur enfance "
+"au sujet du piratage. Le couple se mit &agrave; lire sur l'histoire du "
+"copyright, sur l'Union sovi&eacute;tique et ses restrictions sur la copie, "
+"et m&ecirc;me sur la Constitution originale des &Eacute;tats-Unis. Ils "
+"d&eacute;m&eacute;nag&egrave;rent &agrave; Luna, o&ugrave; ils trouv&egrave;"
+"rent d'autres gens qui comme eux avaient pris leurs distances par rapport au "
+"bras long de la SPA. Quand la r&eacute;volte de Tycho commen&ccedil;a en "
+"2062, le droit universel de lire devint bient&ocirc;t un de ses buts "
+"principaux."
 
 # type: Content of: <h3>
 msgid "Author's Note"
@@ -117,172 +333,399 @@
 msgstr "Cette note a &eacute;t&eacute; mise &agrave; jour en 2007."
 
 # type: Content of: <p>
-#| msgid ""
-#| "The right to read is a battle being fought today.  Although it may take "
-#| "50 years for our present way of life to fade into obscurity, most of the "
-#| "specific laws and practices described above have already been proposed; "
-#| "many have been enacted into law in the US and elsewhere.  In the US, the "
-#| "1998 Digital Millenium Copyright Act established the legal basis to "
-#| "restrict the reading and lending of computerized books (and other works "
-#| "as well).  The European Union imposed similar restrictions in a 2001 "
-#| "copyright directive.  In France, under the DADVSI law adopted in 2006, "
-#| "mere possession of a copy of DeCSS, the free program to decrypt video on "
-#| "a DVD, is a crime."
-msgid "The right to read is a battle being fought today.  Although it may take 
50 years for our present way of life to fade into obscurity, most of the 
specific laws and practices described above have already been proposed; many 
have been enacted into law in the US and elsewhere.  In the US, the 1998 
Digital Millenium Copyright Act (DMCA) established the legal basis to restrict 
the reading and lending of computerized books (and other works as well).  The 
European Union imposed similar restrictions in a 2001 copyright directive.  In 
France, under the DADVSI law adopted in 2006, mere possession of a copy of 
DeCSS, the free program to decrypt video on a DVD, is a crime."
-msgstr "C'est aujourd'hui m&ecirc;me qu'on se bat pour le droit de lire. 
M&ecirc;me si cela pourrait prendre 50 ans pour que notre fa&ccedil;on de vivre 
actuelle s'efface dans l'obscurit&eacute;, la plupart des lois et pratiques 
d&eacute;crites pr&eacute;c&eacute;demment ont d&eacute;j&agrave; 
&eacute;t&eacute; propos&eacute;es&nbsp;; plusieurs ont &eacute;t&eacute; 
d&eacute;cr&eacute;t&eacute;es l&eacute;galement aux USA et ailleurs. Aux USA, 
le <acronym title=\"Digital Millenium Copyright Act\">DMCA</acronym> 
(ndt&nbsp;: Loi sur le droit d'auteur du mill&eacute;naire num&eacute;rique) de 
1998 a &eacute;tabli la base l&eacute;gale pour restreindre la lecture et le 
pr&ecirc;t de livres numérisés (et d'autres donn&eacute;es &eacute;galement). 
L'Union Europ&eacute;enne a impos&eacute; des restrictions similaires dans une 
directive de 2001 concernant le copyright. En France, avec la loi <acronym 
title=\"Droit d'auteur et droits voisins dans la soci&eacute;t&eacute; de 
l'information\">DADVSI</acronym>, la simple possession d'une copie de DeCSS, le 
programme libre permettant de d&eacute;chiffrer une vid&eacute;o sur un DVD, 
est un d&eacute;lit."
-
-# type: Content of: <p>
-msgid "In 2001, Disney-funded Senator Hollings proposed a bill called the 
SSSCA that would require every new computer to have mandatory copy-restriction 
facilities that the user cannot bypass.  Following the Clipper chip and similar 
US government key-escrow proposals, this shows a long-term trend: computer 
systems are increasingly set up to give absentees with clout control over the 
people actually using the computer system.  The SSSCA was later renamed to the 
unpronounceable CBDTPA, which was glossed as the &ldquo;Consume But Don't Try 
Programming Act&rdquo;."
-msgstr "En 2001, le s&eacute;nateur Hollings (disposant de fonds Disney) a 
propos&eacute; une loi appel&eacute;e SSSCA qui exigerait que chaque nouvel 
ordinateur ait des fonctionnalit&eacute;s obligatoires de restriction des 
copies, restrictions que l'utilisateur ne pourrait pas contourner. Apr&egrave;s 
le Clipper Chip et d'autres propositions similaires de 
&laquo;&nbsp;key-escrow&nbsp;&raquo; &eacute;manant du gouvernement américain, 
ceci d&eacute;montre une tendance &agrave; long terme&nbsp;: les 
syst&egrave;mes informatiques sont de plus en plus configur&eacute;s pour 
donner &agrave; des absents un puissant contr&ocirc;le sur les personnes qui 
utilisent effectivement ces syst&ecirc;mes informatiques. Le SSSCA a depuis 
&eacute;t&eacute; rebaptis&eacute; CBDTPA (on pourrait penser cela comme le 
&laquo;&nbsp;Consume But Don't Try Programming Act&nbsp;&raquo; &mdash; la loi 
&laquo;&nbsp;Consommez mais n'essayez pas de programmer&nbsp;&raquo;)."
-
-# type: Content of: <p>
-msgid "The Republicans took control of the US senate shortly thereafter.  They 
are less tied to Hollywood than the Democrats, so they did not press these 
proposals.  Now that the Democrats are back in control, the danger is once 
again higher."
-msgstr "Les R&eacute;publicains prirent le contr&ocirc;le du S&eacute;nat 
am&eacute;ricain peu de temps apr&egrave;s. Ils sont moins li&eacute;s &agrave; 
Hollywood que les D&eacute;mocrates, aussi n'ont-ils pas press&eacute; ces 
propositions. Maintenant que les D&eacute;mocrates sont de retour aux 
commandes, le danger est encore une fois plus grand."
-
-# type: Content of: <p>
-#| msgid ""
-#| "In 2001 the US began attempting to use the proposed Free Trade Area of "
-#| "the Americas treaty to impose the same rules on all the countries in the "
-#| "Western Hemisphere.  The FTAA is one of the so-called &ldquo;free "
-#| "trade&rdquo; treaties, which are actually designed to give business "
-#| "increased power over democratic governments; imposing laws like the DMCA "
-#| "is typical of this spirit.  The FTAA was effectively killed by Lula, "
-#| "President of Brazil, who rejected the DMCA requirement and others."
-msgid "In 2001 the US began attempting to use the proposed Free Trade Area of 
the Americas (FTAA) treaty to impose the same rules on all the countries in the 
Western Hemisphere.  The FTAA is one of the so-called &ldquo;free trade&rdquo; 
treaties, which are actually designed to give business increased power over 
democratic governments; imposing laws like the DMCA is typical of this spirit.  
The FTAA was effectively killed by Lula, President of Brazil, who rejected the 
DMCA requirement and others."
-msgstr "En 2001, les USA ont commenc&eacute; &agrave; tenter d'utiliser la 
proposition de trait&eacute; &laquo;&nbsp;Free Trade Area of the Americas 
(FTAA)&nbsp;&raquo; pour imposer les m&ecirc;mes r&egrave;gles &agrave; tous 
les pays de l'h&eacute;misph&egrave;re Ouest. Le FTTA est l'un de ces 
trait&eacute;s de soi-disant &laquo;&nbsp;libre commerce&nbsp;&raquo;, mais 
r&eacute;ellement con&ccedil;u pour donner aux monde du business un pouvoir 
croissant sur les gouvernements d&eacute;mocratiques. L'imposition de lois du 
genre <acronym title=\"Digital Millenium Copyright Act\">DMCA</acronym> est 
typique de cet esprit. Le FTAA a &eacute;t&eacute; effectivement tu&eacute; par 
Lula, pr&eacute;sident du Br&eacute;sil, qui a rejet&eacute; la condition du 
<acronym title=\"Digital Millenium Copyright Act\">DMCA</acronym> et d'autres."
-
-# type: Content of: <p>
-#| msgid ""
-#| "Since then, the US has imposed similar requirements on countries such as "
-#| "Australia and Mexico through bilateral &ldquo;free trade&rdquo; "
-#| "agreements, and on countries such as Costa Rica through CAFTA.  Ecuador's "
-#| "President Correa refused to sign the &ldquo;free trade&rdquo; agreement, "
-#| "but Ecuador had adopted something like the DMCA in 2003.  Ecuador's new "
-#| "constitution may provide an opportunity to get rid of it."
-msgid "Since then, the US has imposed similar requirements on countries such 
as Australia and Mexico through bilateral &ldquo;free trade&rdquo; agreements, 
and on countries such as Costa Rica through another treaty, CAFTA.  Ecuador's 
President Correa refused to sign a &ldquo;free trade&rdquo; agreement with the 
US, but I've heard Ecuador had adopted something like the DMCA in 2003."
-msgstr "Depuis lors, les &Eacute;tats-Unis ont impos&eacute; des conditions 
similaires &agrave; des pays comme l'Australie ou le Mexique, par le biais 
d'accords de &laquo;&nbsp;libre &eacute;change&nbsp;&raquo; bilat&eacute;raux, 
et &agrave; des pays tel que le Costa Rica par le biais du <acronym 
title=\"Central American Free Trade Agreement\">CAFTA</acronym> (N.d.T.&nbsp; : 
Accord de libre &eacute;change d'Am&eacute;rique Centrale). Le pr&eacute;sident 
Correa de l'&Eacute;quateur a refus&eacute; de signer l'accord de 
&laquo;&nbsp;libre &eacute;change&nbsp;&raquo;, mais l'&Eacute;quateur a 
adopt&eacute; quelque chose de similaire au <acronym title=\"Digital Millenium 
Copyright Act\">DMCA</acronym> en 2003. La nouvelle constitution de 
l'&Eacute;quateur peut fournir une opportunit&eacute; de s'en 
d&eacute;barrasser."
-
-# type: Content of: <p>
-msgid "One of the ideas in the story was not proposed in reality until 2002.  
This is the idea that the <abbr>FBI</abbr> and Microsoft will keep the root 
passwords for your personal computers, and not let you have them."
-msgstr "Une des id&eacute;es dans cette histoire n'avait en fait pas 
&eacute;t&eacute; propos&eacute;e jusqu'en 2002. C'est l'id&eacute;e que le 
<acronym title=\"Federal Bureau of Investigations\">FBI</acronym> et Microsoft 
garderaient le mot de passe administrateur (root) de votre ordinateur et ne 
vous autoriseraient pas &agrave; l'obtenir."
-
-# type: Content of: <p>
-#| msgid ""
-#| "The proponents of this scheme have given it names such as &ldquo;trusted "
-#| "computing&rdquo; and &ldquo;palladium&rdquo;.  We call it <a href=\"/"
-#| "philosophy/can-you-trust.html\">&ldquo;treacherous computing&rdquo;</a>, "
-#| "because the effect is to make your computer obey companies instead of "
-#| "you.  This was implemented in 2007 as part of <a href=\"http://badvista.";
-#| "org/\">Windows Vista</a>; we expect Apple to do something similar.  In "
-#| "this scheme, it is the manufacturer that keeps the secret code, but the "
-#| "<abbr>FBI</abbr> would have little trouble getting it."
-msgid "The proponents of this scheme have given it names such as 
&ldquo;trusted computing&rdquo; and &ldquo;Palladium&rdquo;.  We call it <a 
href=\"/philosophy/can-you-trust.html\">&ldquo;treacherous computing&rdquo;</a> 
because the effect is to make your computer obey companies even to the extent 
of disobeying and defying you.  This was implemented in 2007 as part of <a 
href=\"http://badvista.org/\";>Windows Vista</a>; we expect Apple to do 
something similar.  In this scheme, it is the manufacturer that keeps the 
secret code, but the <abbr>FBI</abbr> would have little trouble getting it."
-msgstr "Les instigateurs de ce dessein lui ont donn&eacute; des noms tels que 
&laquo;&nbsp;informatique de confiance&nbsp;&raquo; et 
&laquo;&nbsp;Palladium&nbsp;&raquo;. Nous l'appelons <a 
href=\"/philosophy/can-you-trust.fr.html\">&laquo;&nbsp;informatique 
d&eacute;loyale&nbsp;&raquo;</a>, car le r&eacute;sultat est de faire 
ob&eacute;ir votre ordinateur &agrave; des soci&eacute;t&eacute;s plut&ocirc;t 
qu'&agrave; vous. Ceci a &eacute;t&eacute; mis en &oelig;uvre en 2007 dans <a 
href=\"http://badvista.org/\";>Windows Vista</a>&nbsp;; nous nous attendons 
&agrave; ce que Apple fasse quelque chose de semblable. Dans cette 
construction, c'est le fabriquant qui conserve le code secret, mais le <acronym 
title=\"Federal Bureau of Investigations\">FBI</acronym> aurait peu de peine 
&agrave; l'obtenir."
-
-# type: Content of: <p>
-msgid "What Microsoft keeps is not exactly a password in the traditional 
sense; no person ever types it on a terminal.  Rather, it is a signature and 
encryption key that corresponds to a second key stored in your computer.  This 
enables Microsoft, and potentially any web sites that cooperate with Microsoft, 
the ultimate control over what the user can do on his own computer."
-msgstr "Ce que conserve Microsoft n'est pas exactement un mot de passe au sens 
traditionnel du terme&nbsp;; personne ne le tape sur son clavier. C'est 
plut&ocirc;t une signature et une cl&eacute; de chiffrement qui correspondent 
&agrave; une seconde cl&eacute; stock&eacute;e sur votre ordinateur dans un 
endroit que vous ne pouvez lire. Ceci permet &agrave; Microsoft et 
potentiellement tout site Web coop&eacute;rant avec lui, le contr&ocirc;le sur 
ce que l'utilisateur peut faire avec son propre ordinateur."
-
-# type: Content of: <p>
-#| msgid ""
-#| "Vista also gives Microsoft additional powers; for instance, Microsoft can "
-#| "forcibly install upgrades, and it can order all machines running Vista to "
-#| "refuse to run a certain device driver.  The main purpose of Vista's many "
-#| "restrictions is to make DRM that users can't overcome."
-msgid "Vista also gives Microsoft additional powers; for instance, Microsoft 
can forcibly install upgrades, and it can order all machines running Vista to 
refuse to run a certain device driver.  The main purpose of Vista's many 
restrictions is to impose DRM (Digital Restrictions Management) that users 
can't overcome.  The threat of DRM is why we have established the <a 
href=\"http://DefectiveByDesign.org\";> DefectiveByDesign.org</a> campaign."
-msgstr "Vista donne aussi &agrave; Microsoft des pouvoirs 
suppl&eacute;mentaires&nbsp;; par exemple, Microsoft peut forcer l'installation 
de mises &agrave; jour et il peut ordonner &agrave; toutes les machines 
fonctionnant avec Vista de refuser d'ex&eacute;cuter un pilote de 
p&eacute;riph&eacute;rique. Le but principal de toutes ces restrictions dans 
Vista est de faire des <acronym title=\"Digital Rights 
Management\">DRM</acronym> que les utilisateurs ne peuvent pas outrepasser. La 
menace des DRM est ce pourquoi nous avons lancé la campagne <a 
href=\"http://DefectiveByDesign.org\";> DefectiveByDesign.org</a> (Défectueux 
par conception)."
-
-# type: Content of: <p>
-#| msgid ""
-#| "When this story was first written, the SPA was threatening small Internet "
-#| "service providers, demanding they permit the SPA to monitor all users.  "
-#| "Most ISPs surrendered when threatened, because they cannot afford to "
-#| "fight back in court.  (Atlanta Journal-Constitution, 1 Oct 96, D3.)  At "
-#| "least one ISP, Community ConneXion in Oakland CA, refused the demand and "
-#| "was actually sued.  The SPA later dropped the suit, but obtained the DMCA "
-#| "which gave them the power they sought."
-msgid "When this story was first written, the SPA was threatening small 
Internet service providers, demanding they permit the SPA to monitor all users. 
 Most ISPs surrendered when threatened, because they cannot afford to fight 
back in court.  One ISP, Community ConneXion in Oakland, California, refused 
the demand and was actually sued.  The SPA later dropped the suit, but obtained 
the DMCA, which gave them the power they sought."
-msgstr "&Agrave; l'&eacute;poque o&ugrave; cette histoire a &eacute;t&eacute; 
&eacute;crite, la SPA mena&ccedil;ait de petits fournisseurs d'acc&egrave;s 
&agrave; Internet, en exigeant qu'ils lui permettent de surveiller tous les 
usagers. La plupart des fournisseurs capitul&egrave;rent lorsqu'ils furent 
menac&eacute;s, parce qu'ils n'avaient pas les moyens decontre-attaquer en 
cour. (Atlanta Journal-Constitution, 1er octobre 1996, page D3.)  Au moins un 
fournisseur, Community ConneXion &agrave; Oakland en Californie, a 
refus&eacute; la demande et a &eacute;t&eacute; r&eacute;ellement poursuivi. 
Plus tard, la SPA a laiss&eacute; tomber la plainte, mais elle a obtenu le 
<acronym title=\"Digital Millenium Copyright Act\">DMCA</acronym>, qui lui 
donne le pouvoir qu'ils recherchaient."
-
-# type: Content of: <p>
-#| msgid ""
-#| "The SPA, which actually stands for Software Publisher's Association, has "
-#| "been replaced in this police-like role by the BSA or Business Software "
-#| "Alliance.  It is not, today, an official police force; unofficially, it "
-#| "acts like one.  Using methods reminiscent of the erstwhile Soviet Union, "
-#| "it invites people to inform on their coworkers and friends.  A BSA terror "
-#| "campaign in Argentina in 2001 made slightly-veiled threats that people "
-#| "sharing software would be raped."
-msgid "The SPA, which actually stands for Software Publisher's Association, 
has been replaced in its police-like role by the Business Software Alliance.  
The BSA is not, today, an official police force; unofficially, it acts like 
one.  Using methods reminiscent of the erstwhile Soviet Union, it invites 
people to inform on their coworkers and friends.  A BSA terror campaign in 
Argentina in 2001 made slightly veiled threats that people sharing software 
would be raped."
-msgstr "La SPA, qui veut en fait dire Software Publisher's Association, a 
&eacute;t&eacute; remplac&eacute;e dans ce r&ocirc;le de police par la BSA 
(Business Software Alliance). Ce n'est pas aujourd'hui une force 
polici&egrave;re officielle. De fa&ccedil;on officieuse, elle se comporte 
ainsi. Utilisant des m&eacute;thodes rappelant celles de l'ex-Union 
Sovi&eacute;tique, elle invite les gens &agrave; faire de la d&eacute;lation 
&agrave; l'endroit de leurs coll&egrave;gues et amis; une campagne de terreur 
orchestr&eacute;e par la BSA en 2001 en Argentine a d&eacute;voil&eacute; des 
menaces selon lesquelles les gens partageant du logiciel pourraient &ecirc;tre 
jet&eacute;s en prison."
-
-# type: Content of: <p>
-#| msgid ""
-#| "The university security policies described above are not imaginary.  For "
-#| "example, a computer at one Chicago-area university prints this message "
-#| "when you log in (quotation marks are in the original):"
-msgid "The university security policies described above are not imaginary.  
For example, a computer at one Chicago-area university displayed this message 
upon login:"
-msgstr "Les politiques universitaires de s&eacute;curit&eacute; 
d&eacute;crites pr&eacute;c&eacute;demment ne sont pas imaginaires. Par 
exemple, un ordinateur dans une universit&eacute; de la r&eacute;gion de 
Chicago affiche le message suivant quand on s'y branche (les guillemets sont 
dans l'original &mdash; ce qui suit est une traduction)&nbsp;:"
+msgid ""
+"The right to read is a battle being fought today.  Although it may take 50 "
+"years for our present way of life to fade into obscurity, most of the "
+"specific laws and practices described above have already been proposed; many "
+"have been enacted into law in the US and elsewhere.  In the US, the 1998 "
+"Digital Millenium Copyright Act (DMCA) established the legal basis to "
+"restrict the reading and lending of computerized books (and other works as "
+"well).  The European Union imposed similar restrictions in a 2001 copyright "
+"directive.  In France, under the DADVSI law adopted in 2006, mere possession "
+"of a copy of DeCSS, the free program to decrypt video on a DVD, is a crime."
+msgstr ""
+"C'est aujourd'hui m&ecirc;me qu'on se bat pour le droit de lire. M&ecirc;me "
+"si cela pourrait prendre 50 ans pour que notre fa&ccedil;on de vivre "
+"actuelle s'efface dans l'obscurit&eacute;, la plupart des lois et pratiques "
+"d&eacute;crites pr&eacute;c&eacute;demment ont d&eacute;j&agrave; &eacute;"
+"t&eacute; propos&eacute;es&nbsp;; plusieurs ont &eacute;t&eacute; d&eacute;"
+"cr&eacute;t&eacute;es l&eacute;galement aux USA et ailleurs. Aux USA, le "
+"<acronym title=\"Digital Millenium Copyright Act\">DMCA</acronym> "
+"(ndt&nbsp;: Loi sur le droit d'auteur du mill&eacute;naire num&eacute;rique) "
+"de 1998 a &eacute;tabli la base l&eacute;gale pour restreindre la lecture et "
+"le pr&ecirc;t de livres numérisés (et d'autres donn&eacute;es &eacute;"
+"galement). L'Union Europ&eacute;enne a impos&eacute; des restrictions "
+"similaires dans une directive de 2001 concernant le copyright. En France, "
+"avec la loi <acronym title=\"Droit d'auteur et droits voisins dans la "
+"soci&eacute;t&eacute; de l'information\">DADVSI</acronym>, la simple "
+"possession d'une copie de DeCSS, le programme libre permettant de d&eacute;"
+"chiffrer une vid&eacute;o sur un DVD, est un d&eacute;lit."
+
+# type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"In 2001, Disney-funded Senator Hollings proposed a bill called the SSSCA "
+"that would require every new computer to have mandatory copy-restriction "
+"facilities that the user cannot bypass.  Following the Clipper chip and "
+"similar US government key-escrow proposals, this shows a long-term trend: "
+"computer systems are increasingly set up to give absentees with clout "
+"control over the people actually using the computer system.  The SSSCA was "
+"later renamed to the unpronounceable CBDTPA, which was glossed as the &ldquo;"
+"Consume But Don't Try Programming Act&rdquo;."
+msgstr ""
+"En 2001, le s&eacute;nateur Hollings (disposant de fonds Disney) a "
+"propos&eacute; une loi appel&eacute;e SSSCA qui exigerait que chaque nouvel "
+"ordinateur ait des fonctionnalit&eacute;s obligatoires de restriction des "
+"copies, restrictions que l'utilisateur ne pourrait pas contourner. "
+"Apr&egrave;s le Clipper Chip et d'autres propositions similaires de &laquo;"
+"&nbsp;key-escrow&nbsp;&raquo; &eacute;manant du gouvernement américain, ceci 
"
+"d&eacute;montre une tendance &agrave; long terme&nbsp;: les syst&egrave;mes "
+"informatiques sont de plus en plus configur&eacute;s pour donner &agrave; "
+"des absents un puissant contr&ocirc;le sur les personnes qui utilisent "
+"effectivement ces syst&ecirc;mes informatiques. Le SSSCA a depuis &eacute;"
+"t&eacute; rebaptis&eacute; CBDTPA (on pourrait penser cela comme le &laquo;"
+"&nbsp;Consume But Don't Try Programming Act&nbsp;&raquo; &mdash; la loi "
+"&laquo;&nbsp;Consommez mais n'essayez pas de programmer&nbsp;&raquo;)."
+
+# type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"The Republicans took control of the US senate shortly thereafter.  They are "
+"less tied to Hollywood than the Democrats, so they did not press these "
+"proposals.  Now that the Democrats are back in control, the danger is once "
+"again higher."
+msgstr ""
+"Les R&eacute;publicains prirent le contr&ocirc;le du S&eacute;nat am&eacute;"
+"ricain peu de temps apr&egrave;s. Ils sont moins li&eacute;s &agrave; "
+"Hollywood que les D&eacute;mocrates, aussi n'ont-ils pas press&eacute; ces "
+"propositions. Maintenant que les D&eacute;mocrates sont de retour aux "
+"commandes, le danger est encore une fois plus grand."
+
+# type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"In 2001 the US began attempting to use the proposed Free Trade Area of the "
+"Americas (FTAA) treaty to impose the same rules on all the countries in the "
+"Western Hemisphere.  The FTAA is one of the so-called &ldquo;free "
+"trade&rdquo; treaties, which are actually designed to give business "
+"increased power over democratic governments; imposing laws like the DMCA is "
+"typical of this spirit.  The FTAA was effectively killed by Lula, President "
+"of Brazil, who rejected the DMCA requirement and others."
+msgstr ""
+"En 2001, les USA ont commenc&eacute; &agrave; tenter d'utiliser la "
+"proposition de trait&eacute; &laquo;&nbsp;Free Trade Area of the Americas "
+"(FTAA)&nbsp;&raquo; pour imposer les m&ecirc;mes r&egrave;gles &agrave; tous "
+"les pays de l'h&eacute;misph&egrave;re Ouest. Le FTTA est l'un de ces "
+"trait&eacute;s de soi-disant &laquo;&nbsp;libre commerce&nbsp;&raquo;, mais "
+"r&eacute;ellement con&ccedil;u pour donner aux monde du business un pouvoir "
+"croissant sur les gouvernements d&eacute;mocratiques. L'imposition de lois "
+"du genre <acronym title=\"Digital Millenium Copyright Act\">DMCA</acronym> "
+"est typique de cet esprit. Le FTAA a &eacute;t&eacute; effectivement "
+"tu&eacute; par Lula, pr&eacute;sident du Br&eacute;sil, qui a rejet&eacute; "
+"la condition du <acronym title=\"Digital Millenium Copyright Act\">DMCA</"
+"acronym> et d'autres."
+
+# type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"Since then, the US has imposed similar requirements on countries such as "
+"Australia and Mexico through bilateral &ldquo;free trade&rdquo; agreements, "
+"and on countries such as Costa Rica through another treaty, CAFTA.  "
+"Ecuador's President Correa refused to sign a &ldquo;free trade&rdquo; "
+"agreement with the US, but I've heard Ecuador had adopted something like the "
+"DMCA in 2003."
+msgstr ""
+"Depuis lors, les &Eacute;tats-Unis ont impos&eacute; des conditions "
+"similaires &agrave; des pays comme l'Australie ou le Mexique, par le biais "
+"d'accords de &laquo;&nbsp;libre &eacute;change&nbsp;&raquo; bilat&eacute;"
+"raux, et &agrave; des pays tel que le Costa Rica par le biais du <acronym "
+"title=\"Central American Free Trade Agreement\">CAFTA</acronym> (N.d.T."
+"&nbsp; : Accord de libre &eacute;change d'Am&eacute;rique Centrale). Le "
+"pr&eacute;sident Correa de l'&Eacute;quateur a refus&eacute; de signer "
+"l'accord de &laquo;&nbsp;libre &eacute;change&nbsp;&raquo;, mais l'&Eacute;"
+"quateur a adopt&eacute; quelque chose de similaire au <acronym title="
+"\"Digital Millenium Copyright Act\">DMCA</acronym> en 2003. La nouvelle "
+"constitution de l'&Eacute;quateur peut fournir une opportunit&eacute; de "
+"s'en d&eacute;barrasser."
+
+# type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"One of the ideas in the story was not proposed in reality until 2002.  This "
+"is the idea that the <abbr>FBI</abbr> and Microsoft will keep the root "
+"passwords for your personal computers, and not let you have them."
+msgstr ""
+"Une des id&eacute;es dans cette histoire n'avait en fait pas &eacute;"
+"t&eacute; propos&eacute;e jusqu'en 2002. C'est l'id&eacute;e que le <acronym "
+"title=\"Federal Bureau of Investigations\">FBI</acronym> et Microsoft "
+"garderaient le mot de passe administrateur (root) de votre ordinateur et ne "
+"vous autoriseraient pas &agrave; l'obtenir."
+
+# type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"The proponents of this scheme have given it names such as &ldquo;trusted "
+"computing&rdquo; and &ldquo;Palladium&rdquo;.  We call it <a href=\"/"
+"philosophy/can-you-trust.html\">&ldquo;treacherous computing&rdquo;</a> "
+"because the effect is to make your computer obey companies even to the "
+"extent of disobeying and defying you.  This was implemented in 2007 as part "
+"of <a href=\"http://badvista.org/\";>Windows Vista</a>; we expect Apple to do "
+"something similar.  In this scheme, it is the manufacturer that keeps the "
+"secret code, but the <abbr>FBI</abbr> would have little trouble getting it."
+msgstr ""
+"Les instigateurs de ce dessein lui ont donn&eacute; des noms tels que &laquo;"
+"&nbsp;informatique de confiance&nbsp;&raquo; et &laquo;&nbsp;Palladium&nbsp;"
+"&raquo;. Nous l'appelons <a href=\"/philosophy/can-you-trust.fr.html"
+"\">&laquo;&nbsp;informatique d&eacute;loyale&nbsp;&raquo;</a>, car le "
+"r&eacute;sultat est de faire ob&eacute;ir votre ordinateur &agrave; des "
+"soci&eacute;t&eacute;s plut&ocirc;t qu'&agrave; vous. Ceci a &eacute;"
+"t&eacute; mis en &oelig;uvre en 2007 dans <a href=\"http://badvista.org/";
+"\">Windows Vista</a>&nbsp;; nous nous attendons &agrave; ce que Apple fasse "
+"quelque chose de semblable. Dans cette construction, c'est le fabriquant qui "
+"conserve le code secret, mais le <acronym title=\"Federal Bureau of "
+"Investigations\">FBI</acronym> aurait peu de peine &agrave; l'obtenir."
+
+# type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"What Microsoft keeps is not exactly a password in the traditional sense; no "
+"person ever types it on a terminal.  Rather, it is a signature and "
+"encryption key that corresponds to a second key stored in your computer.  "
+"This enables Microsoft, and potentially any web sites that cooperate with "
+"Microsoft, the ultimate control over what the user can do on his own "
+"computer."
+msgstr ""
+"Ce que conserve Microsoft n'est pas exactement un mot de passe au sens "
+"traditionnel du terme&nbsp;; personne ne le tape sur son clavier. C'est "
+"plut&ocirc;t une signature et une cl&eacute; de chiffrement qui "
+"correspondent &agrave; une seconde cl&eacute; stock&eacute;e sur votre "
+"ordinateur dans un endroit que vous ne pouvez lire. Ceci permet &agrave; "
+"Microsoft et potentiellement tout site Web coop&eacute;rant avec lui, le "
+"contr&ocirc;le sur ce que l'utilisateur peut faire avec son propre "
+"ordinateur."
+
+# type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"Vista also gives Microsoft additional powers; for instance, Microsoft can "
+"forcibly install upgrades, and it can order all machines running Vista to "
+"refuse to run a certain device driver.  The main purpose of Vista's many "
+"restrictions is to impose DRM (Digital Restrictions Management) that users "
+"can't overcome.  The threat of DRM is why we have established the <a href="
+"\"http://DefectiveByDesign.org\";> DefectiveByDesign.org</a> campaign."
+msgstr ""
+"Vista donne aussi &agrave; Microsoft des pouvoirs suppl&eacute;"
+"mentaires&nbsp;; par exemple, Microsoft peut forcer l'installation de mises "
+"&agrave; jour et il peut ordonner &agrave; toutes les machines fonctionnant "
+"avec Vista de refuser d'ex&eacute;cuter un pilote de p&eacute;riph&eacute;"
+"rique. Le but principal de toutes ces restrictions dans Vista est de faire "
+"des <acronym title=\"Digital Rights Management\">DRM</acronym> que les "
+"utilisateurs ne peuvent pas outrepasser. La menace des DRM est ce pourquoi "
+"nous avons lancé la campagne <a href=\"http://DefectiveByDesign.org\";> "
+"DefectiveByDesign.org</a> (Défectueux par conception)."
+
+# type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"When this story was first written, the SPA was threatening small Internet "
+"service providers, demanding they permit the SPA to monitor all users.  Most "
+"ISPs surrendered when threatened, because they cannot afford to fight back "
+"in court.  One ISP, Community ConneXion in Oakland, California, refused the "
+"demand and was actually sued.  The SPA later dropped the suit, but obtained "
+"the DMCA, which gave them the power they sought."
+msgstr ""
+"&Agrave; l'&eacute;poque o&ugrave; cette histoire a &eacute;t&eacute; "
+"&eacute;crite, la SPA mena&ccedil;ait de petits fournisseurs d'acc&egrave;s "
+"&agrave; Internet, en exigeant qu'ils lui permettent de surveiller tous les "
+"usagers. La plupart des fournisseurs capitul&egrave;rent lorsqu'ils furent "
+"menac&eacute;s, parce qu'ils n'avaient pas les moyens decontre-attaquer en "
+"cour. (Atlanta Journal-Constitution, 1er octobre 1996, page D3.)  Au moins "
+"un fournisseur, Community ConneXion &agrave; Oakland en Californie, a "
+"refus&eacute; la demande et a &eacute;t&eacute; r&eacute;ellement poursuivi. "
+"Plus tard, la SPA a laiss&eacute; tomber la plainte, mais elle a obtenu le "
+"<acronym title=\"Digital Millenium Copyright Act\">DMCA</acronym>, qui lui "
+"donne le pouvoir qu'ils recherchaient."
+
+# type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"The SPA, which actually stands for Software Publisher's Association, has "
+"been replaced in its police-like role by the Business Software Alliance.  "
+"The BSA is not, today, an official police force; unofficially, it acts like "
+"one.  Using methods reminiscent of the erstwhile Soviet Union, it invites "
+"people to inform on their coworkers and friends.  A BSA terror campaign in "
+"Argentina in 2001 made slightly veiled threats that people sharing software "
+"would be raped."
+msgstr ""
+"La SPA, qui veut en fait dire Software Publisher's Association, a &eacute;"
+"t&eacute; remplac&eacute;e dans ce r&ocirc;le de police par la BSA (Business "
+"Software Alliance). Ce n'est pas aujourd'hui une force polici&egrave;re "
+"officielle. De fa&ccedil;on officieuse, elle se comporte ainsi. Utilisant "
+"des m&eacute;thodes rappelant celles de l'ex-Union Sovi&eacute;tique, elle "
+"invite les gens &agrave; faire de la d&eacute;lation &agrave; l'endroit de "
+"leurs coll&egrave;gues et amis; une campagne de terreur orchestr&eacute;e "
+"par la BSA en 2001 en Argentine a d&eacute;voil&eacute; des menaces selon "
+"lesquelles les gens partageant du logiciel pourraient &ecirc;tre jet&eacute;"
+"s en prison."
+
+# type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"The university security policies described above are not imaginary.  For "
+"example, a computer at one Chicago-area university displayed this message "
+"upon login:"
+msgstr ""
+"Les politiques universitaires de s&eacute;curit&eacute; d&eacute;crites "
+"pr&eacute;c&eacute;demment ne sont pas imaginaires. Par exemple, un "
+"ordinateur dans une universit&eacute; de la r&eacute;gion de Chicago affiche "
+"le message suivant quand on s'y branche (les guillemets sont dans l'original "
+"&mdash; ce qui suit est une traduction)&nbsp;:"
 
 # type: Content of: <blockquote><p>
-msgid "This system is for the use of authorized users only.  Individuals using 
this computer system without authority or in the excess of their authority are 
subject to having all their activities on this system monitored and recorded by 
system personnel.  In the course of monitoring individuals improperly using 
this system or in the course of system maintenance, the activities of 
authorized user may also be monitored.  Anyone using this system expressly 
consents to such monitoring and is advised that if such monitoring reveals 
possible evidence of illegal activity or violation of University regulations 
system personnel may provide the evidence of such monitoring to University 
authorities and/or law enforcement officials."
-msgstr "&laquo;&nbsp;Ce syst&egrave;me est r&eacute;serv&eacute; aux usagers 
autoris&eacute;s. Les individus qui utilisent ce syst&egrave;me informatique 
sans autorisation ou au del&agrave; de leur autorisation pourront faire l'objet 
d'une surveillance et d'un enregistrement par le personnel de toutes leurs 
activit&eacute;s sur ce syst&egrave;me. Lors de la surveillance d'individus 
utilisant le syst&egrave;me inad&eacute;quatement, ou lors d'activit&eacute;s 
d'entretien du syst&egrave;me, les activit&eacute;s d'usagers autoris&eacute;s 
pourraient aussi &ecirc;tre surveill&eacute;es. Quiconque utilise ce 
syst&egrave;me consent express&eacute;ment &agrave; une telle surveillance et 
est avis&eacute; que si cette surveillance r&eacute;v&egrave;le des indices 
d'une possible activit&eacute; ill&eacute;gale ou violation des 
r&egrave;glements de l'Universit&eacute;, le personnel du syst&egrave;me peut 
fournir ces indices aux autorit&eacute;s de l'Universit&eacute; et/ou aux 
forces de l'ordre&nbsp;&raquo;."
-
-# type: Content of: <p>
-msgid "This is an interesting approach to the Fourth Amendment: pressure most 
everyone to agree, in advance, to waive their rights under it."
-msgstr "Il s'agit d'une approche int&eacute;ressante face au Quatri&egrave;me 
amendement&nbsp;: faire pression sur presque tout le monde pour qu'il accepte 
d'avance de renoncer aux droits qu'il leur accorde."
+msgid ""
+"This system is for the use of authorized users only.  Individuals using this "
+"computer system without authority or in the excess of their authority are "
+"subject to having all their activities on this system monitored and recorded "
+"by system personnel.  In the course of monitoring individuals improperly "
+"using this system or in the course of system maintenance, the activities of "
+"authorized user may also be monitored.  Anyone using this system expressly "
+"consents to such monitoring and is advised that if such monitoring reveals "
+"possible evidence of illegal activity or violation of University regulations "
+"system personnel may provide the evidence of such monitoring to University "
+"authorities and/or law enforcement officials."
+msgstr ""
+"&laquo;&nbsp;Ce syst&egrave;me est r&eacute;serv&eacute; aux usagers "
+"autoris&eacute;s. Les individus qui utilisent ce syst&egrave;me informatique "
+"sans autorisation ou au del&agrave; de leur autorisation pourront faire "
+"l'objet d'une surveillance et d'un enregistrement par le personnel de toutes "
+"leurs activit&eacute;s sur ce syst&egrave;me. Lors de la surveillance "
+"d'individus utilisant le syst&egrave;me inad&eacute;quatement, ou lors "
+"d'activit&eacute;s d'entretien du syst&egrave;me, les activit&eacute;s "
+"d'usagers autoris&eacute;s pourraient aussi &ecirc;tre surveill&eacute;es. "
+"Quiconque utilise ce syst&egrave;me consent express&eacute;ment &agrave; une "
+"telle surveillance et est avis&eacute; que si cette surveillance r&eacute;"
+"v&egrave;le des indices d'une possible activit&eacute; ill&eacute;gale ou "
+"violation des r&egrave;glements de l'Universit&eacute;, le personnel du "
+"syst&egrave;me peut fournir ces indices aux autorit&eacute;s de "
+"l'Universit&eacute; et/ou aux forces de l'ordre&nbsp;&raquo;."
+
+# type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"This is an interesting approach to the Fourth Amendment: pressure most "
+"everyone to agree, in advance, to waive their rights under it."
+msgstr ""
+"Il s'agit d'une approche int&eacute;ressante face au Quatri&egrave;me "
+"amendement&nbsp;: faire pression sur presque tout le monde pour qu'il "
+"accepte d'avance de renoncer aux droits qu'il leur accorde."
 
 # type: Content of: <h3>
 msgid "References"
 msgstr "R&eacute;f&eacute;rences"
 
 # type: Content of: <ul><li>
-msgid "The administration's &ldquo;White Paper&rdquo;: Information 
Infrastructure Task Force, Intellectual Property and the National Information 
Infrastructure: The Report of the Working Group on Intellectual Property Rights 
(1995)."
-msgstr "Le «&nbsp;livre blanc&nbsp;» de l'administration&nbsp;: Information 
Infrastructure Task Force, Intellectual Property and the National Information 
Infrastructure: The Report of the Working Group on Intellectual Property Rights 
(1995)."
+msgid ""
+"The administration's &ldquo;White Paper&rdquo;: Information Infrastructure "
+"Task Force, Intellectual Property and the National Information "
+"Infrastructure: The Report of the Working Group on Intellectual Property "
+"Rights (1995)."
+msgstr ""
+"Le «&nbsp;livre blanc&nbsp;» de l'administration&nbsp;: Information "
+"Infrastructure Task Force, Intellectual Property and the National "
+"Information Infrastructure: The Report of the Working Group on Intellectual "
+"Property Rights (1995)."
 
 # type: Content of: <ul><li>
-msgid "<a 
href=\"http://www.wired.com/wired/archive/4.01/white.paper_pr.html\";>An 
explanation of the White Paper: The Copyright Grab</a>, Pamela Samuelson, 
Wired, Jan. 1996"
-msgstr "<a 
href=\"http://www.wired.com/wired/archive/4.01/white.paper_pr.html\";>Une 
explication du libre blanc&nbsp;: The Copyright Grab</a>, Pamela Samuelson, 
Wired, Jan. 1996"
+msgid ""
+"<a href=\"http://www.wired.com/wired/archive/4.01/white.paper_pr.html\";>An "
+"explanation of the White Paper: The Copyright Grab</a>, Pamela Samuelson, "
+"Wired, Jan. 1996"
+msgstr ""
+"<a href=\"http://www.wired.com/wired/archive/4.01/white.paper_pr.html\";>Une "
+"explication du libre blanc&nbsp;: The Copyright Grab</a>, Pamela Samuelson, "
+"Wired, Jan. 1996"
 
 # type: Content of: <ul><li>
-msgid "<a href=\"http://www.law.duke.edu/boylesite/sold_out.htm\";>Sold 
Out</a>, James Boyle, New York Times, 31 March 1996"
-msgstr "<a href=\"http://www.law.duke.edu/boylesite/sold_out.htm\";>Sold 
Out</a>, James Boyle, New York Times, 31 March 1996"
+msgid ""
+"<a href=\"http://www.law.duke.edu/boylesite/sold_out.htm\";>Sold Out</a>, "
+"James Boyle, New York Times, 31 March 1996"
+msgstr ""
+"<a href=\"http://www.law.duke.edu/boylesite/sold_out.htm\";>Sold Out</a>, "
+"James Boyle, New York Times, 31 March 1996"
 
 # type: Content of: <ul><li>
-msgid "Public Data or Private Data, Washington Post, 4 Nov 1996. We used to 
have a link to this, but Washinton Post has decided to start charging users who 
wishes to read articles on the web site and therefore we have decided to remove 
the link."
-msgstr "Public Data or Private Data, Washington Post, 4 Nov 1996. Nous avions 
un lien vers l'article mais le Washington Post a d&eacute;cid&eacute; de faire 
payer la lecture d'articles sur le web, et nous avons donc choisi de supprimer 
le lien."
+msgid ""
+"Public Data or Private Data, Washington Post, 4 Nov 1996. We used to have a "
+"link to this, but Washinton Post has decided to start charging users who "
+"wishes to read articles on the web site and therefore we have decided to "
+"remove the link."
+msgstr ""
+"Public Data or Private Data, Washington Post, 4 Nov 1996. Nous avions un "
+"lien vers l'article mais le Washington Post a d&eacute;cid&eacute; de faire "
+"payer la lecture d'articles sur le web, et nous avons donc choisi de "
+"supprimer le lien."
 
 # type: Content of: <ul><li>
-msgid "<a href=\"http://www.public-domain.org/\";>Union for the Public 
Domain</a>&mdash;an organization which aims to resist and reverse the 
overextension of copyright and patent powers."
-msgstr "<a href=\"http://www.public-domain.org/\";>Union for the Public 
Domain</a>&mdash; une organisation dont le but est de résister et de renverser 
la surextension des pouvoirs du copyright et des brevets."
+msgid ""
+"<a href=\"http://www.public-domain.org/\";>Union for the Public Domain</"
+"a>&mdash;an organization which aims to resist and reverse the overextension "
+"of copyright and patent powers."
+msgstr ""
+"<a href=\"http://www.public-domain.org/\";>Union for the Public Domain</"
+"a>&mdash; une organisation dont le but est de résister et de renverser la "
+"surextension des pouvoirs du copyright et des brevets."
 
 # type: Content of: <h4>
-msgid "This essay is published in <a 
href=\"http://shop.fsf.org/product/free-software-free-society/\";><cite>Free 
Software, Free Society: The Selected Essays of Richard M. Stallman</cite></a>."
-msgstr "Cet essai est publi&eacute; dans <a 
href=\"http://shop.fsf.org/product/free-software-free-society/\";><cite>Free 
Software, Free Society: The Selected Essays of Richard M. Stallman</cite></a>."
+msgid ""
+"This essay is published in <a href=\"http://shop.fsf.org/product/free-";
+"software-free-society/\"><cite>Free Software, Free Society: The Selected "
+"Essays of Richard M. Stallman</cite></a>."
+msgstr ""
+"Cet essai est publi&eacute; dans <a href=\"http://shop.fsf.org/product/free-";
+"software-free-society/\"><cite>Free Software, Free Society: The Selected "
+"Essays of Richard M. Stallman</cite></a>."
 
 # type: Content of: <p>
 msgid "<strong>Other Texts to Read</strong>"
 msgstr "<strong>Autres textes &agrave; lire</strong>"
 
 # type: Content of: <ul><li>
-msgid "<a href=\"/philosophy/philosophy.html\">Philosophy of the GNU 
Project</a>"
-msgstr "<a href=\"/philosophy/philosophy.fr.html\">Philosophie du projet 
GNU</a>"
+msgid ""
+"<a href=\"/philosophy/philosophy.html\">Philosophy of the GNU Project</a>"
+msgstr ""
+"<a href=\"/philosophy/philosophy.fr.html\">Philosophie du projet GNU</a>"
 
 # type: Content of: <ul><li>
-msgid "<a 
href=\"http://www.computerworld.com/managementtopics/management/opinion/story/0,10801,49358,00.html\";
 id=\"COPYPROCTECTION\">Copy Protection: Just Say No</a>, Published in Computer 
World."
-msgstr "<a 
href=\"http://www.computerworld.com/managementtopics/management/opinion/story/0,10801,49358,00.html\";
 id=\"COPYPROCTECTION\">Copy Protection: Just Say No</a>, publi&eacute; dans 
Computer World."
-
-# type: Content of: <p>
-msgid "The <a href=\"#AuthorsNote\">author's note</a> talks about the battle 
for the right to read and electronic surveillance.  The battle is beginning 
now; here are links to two articles about technologies now being developed to 
deny you the right to read."
-msgstr "La <a href=\"#AuthorsNote\">note de l'auteur</a> parle de la bataille 
pour le droit de lire, et de la surveillance &eacute;lectronique. La bataille a 
d&eacute;j&agrave; commenc&eacute;, voici deux liens vers des articles 
pr&eacute;sentant les technologies d&eacute;j&agrave; d&eacute;velopp&eacute;es 
pour interdire le droit &agrave; la lecture&nbsp;:"
+msgid ""
+"<a href=\"http://www.computerworld.com/managementtopics/management/opinion/";
+"story/0,10801,49358,00.html\" id=\"COPYPROCTECTION\">Copy Protection: Just "
+"Say No</a>, Published in Computer World."
+msgstr ""
+"<a href=\"http://www.computerworld.com/managementtopics/management/opinion/";
+"story/0,10801,49358,00.html\" id=\"COPYPROCTECTION\">Copy Protection: Just "
+"Say No</a>, publi&eacute; dans Computer World."
+
+# type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"The <a href=\"#AuthorsNote\">author's note</a> talks about the battle for "
+"the right to read and electronic surveillance.  The battle is beginning now; "
+"here are links to two articles about technologies now being developed to "
+"deny you the right to read."
+msgstr ""
+"La <a href=\"#AuthorsNote\">note de l'auteur</a> parle de la bataille pour "
+"le droit de lire, et de la surveillance &eacute;lectronique. La bataille a "
+"d&eacute;j&agrave; commenc&eacute;, voici deux liens vers des articles "
+"pr&eacute;sentant les technologies d&eacute;j&agrave; d&eacute;velopp&eacute;"
+"es pour interdire le droit &agrave; la lecture&nbsp;:"
 
 # type: Content of: <ul><li>
-msgid "<a 
href=\"http://www.zdnet.com/zdnn/stories/news/0,4586,2324939,00.html\";>Electronic
 Publishing:</a> An article about distribution of books in electronic form, and 
copyright issues affecting the right to read a copy."
-msgstr "<a 
href=\"http://www.zdnet.com/zdnn/stories/news/0,4586,2324939,00.html\";>Electronic
 Publishing</a>&nbsp;: Un article dont le sujet est la distribution de livres 
sous forme &eacute;lectronique, et les questions de copyright affectant le 
droit de lire une copie."
+msgid ""
+"<a href=\"http://www.zdnet.com/zdnn/stories/news/0,4586,2324939,00.html";
+"\">Electronic Publishing:</a> An article about distribution of books in "
+"electronic form, and copyright issues affecting the right to read a copy."
+msgstr ""
+"<a href=\"http://www.zdnet.com/zdnn/stories/news/0,4586,2324939,00.html";
+"\">Electronic Publishing</a>&nbsp;: Un article dont le sujet est la "
+"distribution de livres sous forme &eacute;lectronique, et les questions de "
+"copyright affectant le droit de lire une copie."
 
 # type: Content of: <ul><li>
-msgid "<a 
href=\"http://channels.microsoft.com/presspass/press/1999/Aug99/SeyboldPR.asp\";>Books
 inside Computers:</a> Software to control who can read books and documents on 
a PC."
-msgstr "<a 
href=\"http://channels.microsoft.com/presspass/press/1999/Aug99/SeyboldPR.asp\";>Books
 inside Computers</a>&nbsp; Les logiciels pour contr&ocirc;ler qui peut lire 
des livres et des documents sur un PC."
+msgid ""
+"<a href=\"http://channels.microsoft.com/presspass/press/1999/Aug99/SeyboldPR.";
+"asp\">Books inside Computers:</a> Software to control who can read books and "
+"documents on a PC."
+msgstr ""
+"<a href=\"http://channels.microsoft.com/presspass/press/1999/Aug99/SeyboldPR.";
+"asp\">Books inside Computers</a>&nbsp; Les logiciels pour contr&ocirc;ler "
+"qui peut lire des livres et des documents sur un PC."
 
 # type: Content of: <div>
 #. TRANSLATORS: Use space (SPC) as msgstr if you don't have notes.
@@ -290,21 +733,45 @@
 msgstr " "
 
 # type: Content of: <div><p>
-msgid "Please send FSF &amp; GNU inquiries to <a 
href=\"mailto:address@hidden";>&lt;address@hidden&gt;</a>.  There are also <a 
href=\"/contact/\">other ways to contact</a> the FSF.  <br /> Please send 
broken links and other corrections or suggestions to <a 
href=\"mailto:address@hidden";>&lt;address@hidden&gt;</a>."
-msgstr "Veuillez envoyer les requêtes concernant la FSF et GNU à <a 
href=\"mailto:address@hidden";><em>address@hidden</em></a>. Il existe aussi <a 
href=\"/contact/\">d'autres moyens de contacter</a> la FSF. <br /> Veuillez 
envoyer les liens orphelins ou d'autres suggestions sur cette page Web à <a 
href=\"mailto:address@hidden";>address@hidden</a>."
+msgid ""
+"Please send FSF &amp; GNU inquiries to <a href=\"mailto:address@hidden";>&lt;"
+"address@hidden&gt;</a>.  There are also <a href=\"/contact/\">other ways to "
+"contact</a> the FSF.  <br /> Please send broken links and other corrections "
+"or suggestions to <a href=\"mailto:address@hidden";>&lt;address@hidden"
+"org&gt;</a>."
+msgstr ""
+"Veuillez envoyer les requêtes concernant la FSF et GNU à <a href=\"mailto:";
+"address@hidden"><em>address@hidden</em></a>. Il existe aussi <a 
href=\"/contact/"
+"\">d'autres moyens de contacter</a> la FSF. <br /> Veuillez envoyer les "
+"liens orphelins ou d'autres suggestions sur cette page Web à <a href="
+"\"mailto:address@hidden";>address@hidden</a>."
 
 # type: Content of: <div><p>
-msgid "Please see the <a 
href=\"/server/standards/README.translations.html\">Translations README</a> for 
information on coordinating and submitting translations of this article."
-msgstr "Veuillez consulter le <a 
href=\"/server/standards/README.translations.fr.html\">README des 
traductions</a> pour des informations sur la coordination et la soumission de 
traductions de cet article."
+msgid ""
+"Please see the <a href=\"/server/standards/README.translations.html"
+"\">Translations README</a> for information on coordinating and submitting "
+"translations of this article."
+msgstr ""
+"Veuillez consulter le <a href=\"/server/standards/README.translations.fr.html"
+"\">README des traductions</a> pour des informations sur la coordination et "
+"la soumission de traductions de cet article."
 
 # type: Content of: <div><p>
-msgid "Copyright &copy; 1996 Richard Stallman <br /> Verbatim copying and 
distribution of this entire article is permitted in any medium without royalty 
provided this notice is preserved."
-msgstr "Copyright &copy; 1996 Richard Stallman <br />La reproduction exacte et 
la distribution intégrale de cet article est permise sur n'importe quel 
support d'archivage, pourvu que cette notice soit préservée."
+msgid ""
+"Copyright &copy; 1996 Richard Stallman <br /> Verbatim copying and "
+"distribution of this entire article is permitted in any medium without "
+"royalty provided this notice is preserved."
+msgstr ""
+"Copyright &copy; 1996 Richard Stallman <br />La reproduction exacte et la "
+"distribution intégrale de cet article est permise sur n'importe quel support 
"
+"d'archivage, pourvu que cette notice soit préservée."
 
 # type: Content of: <div><div>
 #. TRANSLATORS: Use space (SPC) as msgstr if you don't want credits.
 msgid "*GNUN-SLOT: TRANSLATOR'S CREDITS*"
-msgstr "Traduction&nbsp;: Pierre Sarrazin.<br /> Révision&nbsp;: <a 
href=\"mailto:trad-gnu&#64;april.org\";>trad-gnu&#64;april.org</a>"
+msgstr ""
+"Traduction&nbsp;: Pierre Sarrazin.<br /> Révision&nbsp;: <a href=\"mailto:";
+"trad-gnu&#64;april.org\">trad-gnu&#64;april.org</a>"
 
 # type: Content of: <div><p>
 #.  timestamp start
@@ -314,4 +781,3 @@
 # type: Content of: <div><h4>
 msgid "Translations of this page"
 msgstr "Traductions de cette page"
-

Index: philosophy/po/schools.fr.po
===================================================================
RCS file: /web/www/www/philosophy/po/schools.fr.po,v
retrieving revision 1.5
retrieving revision 1.6
diff -u -b -r1.5 -r1.6
--- philosophy/po/schools.fr.po 29 Nov 2009 17:55:31 -0000      1.5
+++ philosophy/po/schools.fr.po 30 Nov 2009 21:27:00 -0000      1.6
@@ -16,56 +16,214 @@
 "Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit\n"
 
 # type: Content of: <title>
-msgid "Why schools should exclusively use free software - GNU Project - Free 
Software Foundation (FSF)"
-msgstr "Pourquoi les &eacute;coles devraient utiliser exclusivement des 
logiciels libres - GNU Project - Free Software Foundation (FSF)"
+msgid ""
+"Why schools should exclusively use free software - GNU Project - Free "
+"Software Foundation (FSF)"
+msgstr ""
+"Pourquoi les &eacute;coles devraient utiliser exclusivement des logiciels "
+"libres - GNU Project - Free Software Foundation (FSF)"
 
 # type: Content of: <h2>
 msgid "Why schools should exclusively use free software"
-msgstr "Pourquoi les &eacute;coles devraient utiliser exclusivement des 
logiciels libres"
+msgstr ""
+"Pourquoi les &eacute;coles devraient utiliser exclusivement des logiciels "
+"libres"
 
 # type: Content of: <p>
 msgid "by <a href=\"http://www.stallman.org/\";>Richard Stallman</a>"
 msgstr "par <a href=\"http://www.stallman.org/\";>Richard Stallman</a>"
 
 # type: Content of: <p>
-msgid "There are general reasons why all computer users should insist on free 
software. It gives users the freedom to control their own computers&mdash;with 
proprietary software, the computer does what the software owner wants it to do, 
not what the software user wants it to do.  Free software also gives users the 
freedom to cooperate with each other, to lead an upright life.  These reasons 
apply to schools as they do to everyone."
-msgstr "Il existe des raisons tr&egrave;s g&eacute;n&eacute;rales pour 
lesquelles tout utilisateur d'ordinateur devrait se focaliser sur les logiciels 
libres. Ils donnent la possibilit&eacute; decontr&ocirc;ler notre propre 
ordinateur, alors qu'avec les logiciels commerciaux l'ordinateur ob&eacute;it 
au propri&eacute;taire du logiciel &mdash; l'&eacute;diteur &mdash; et non plus 
au propri&eacute;taire de l'ordinateur lui-m&ecirc;me. Avec les logiciels 
libres, les utilisateurs ont la libert&eacute; de coop&eacute;rer, de mieux 
diriger leur vie. Cela s'applique aux &eacute;coles comme &agrave; tout le 
monde."
+msgid ""
+"There are general reasons why all computer users should insist on free "
+"software. It gives users the freedom to control their own computers&mdash;"
+"with proprietary software, the computer does what the software owner wants "
+"it to do, not what the software user wants it to do.  Free software also "
+"gives users the freedom to cooperate with each other, to lead an upright "
+"life.  These reasons apply to schools as they do to everyone."
+msgstr ""
+"Il existe des raisons tr&egrave;s g&eacute;n&eacute;rales pour lesquelles "
+"tout utilisateur d'ordinateur devrait se focaliser sur les logiciels libres. "
+"Ils donnent la possibilit&eacute; decontr&ocirc;ler notre propre ordinateur, "
+"alors qu'avec les logiciels commerciaux l'ordinateur ob&eacute;it au "
+"propri&eacute;taire du logiciel &mdash; l'&eacute;diteur &mdash; et non plus "
+"au propri&eacute;taire de l'ordinateur lui-m&ecirc;me. Avec les logiciels "
+"libres, les utilisateurs ont la libert&eacute; de coop&eacute;rer, de mieux "
+"diriger leur vie. Cela s'applique aux &eacute;coles comme &agrave; tout le "
+"monde."
 
 # type: Content of: <p>
-msgid "But there are special reasons that apply to schools. They are the 
subject of this article."
-msgstr "Mais il existe des raisons sp&eacute;cifiques qui concernent les 
&eacute;coles. Elles sont le sujet de cet article."
+msgid ""
+"But there are special reasons that apply to schools. They are the subject of "
+"this article."
+msgstr ""
+"Mais il existe des raisons sp&eacute;cifiques qui concernent les &eacute;"
+"coles. Elles sont le sujet de cet article."
 
 # type: Content of: <p>
-msgid "First, free software can save the schools money. Even in the richest 
countries, schools are short of money. Free software gives schools, like other 
users, the freedom to copy and redistribute the software, so the school system 
can make copies for all the computers they have. In poor countries, this can 
help close the digital divide."
-msgstr "D'abord, les logiciels libres permettent aux &eacute;coles 
d'&eacute;conomiser de l'argent. M&ecirc;me dans les pays riches, les 
&eacute;coles ont un budget tr&egrave;s serr&eacute;. Les logiciels libres 
donnent aux &eacute;coles, comme aux autres utilisateurs, la libert&eacute; de 
copier et de redistribuer les logiciels, si bien que l'&Eacute;ducation 
nationale (ou tout syst&egrave;me &eacute;ducatif) peut faire des copies pour 
tous les ordinateurs de toutes les &eacute;coles. Dans les pays pauvres, cela 
peut aider &agrave; r&eacute;duire la &laquo;&nbsp;fracture 
num&eacute;rique&nbsp;&raquo;."
+msgid ""
+"First, free software can save the schools money. Even in the richest "
+"countries, schools are short of money. Free software gives schools, like "
+"other users, the freedom to copy and redistribute the software, so the "
+"school system can make copies for all the computers they have. In poor "
+"countries, this can help close the digital divide."
+msgstr ""
+"D'abord, les logiciels libres permettent aux &eacute;coles d'&eacute;"
+"conomiser de l'argent. M&ecirc;me dans les pays riches, les &eacute;coles "
+"ont un budget tr&egrave;s serr&eacute;. Les logiciels libres donnent aux "
+"&eacute;coles, comme aux autres utilisateurs, la libert&eacute; de copier et "
+"de redistribuer les logiciels, si bien que l'&Eacute;ducation nationale (ou "
+"tout syst&egrave;me &eacute;ducatif) peut faire des copies pour tous les "
+"ordinateurs de toutes les &eacute;coles. Dans les pays pauvres, cela peut "
+"aider &agrave; r&eacute;duire la &laquo;&nbsp;fracture num&eacute;rique&nbsp;"
+"&raquo;."
 
 # type: Content of: <p>
-msgid "This obvious reason, while important, is rather shallow. And 
proprietary software developers can eliminate this disadvantage by donating 
copies to the schools.  (Watch out!&mdash;a school that accepts this offer may 
have to pay for future upgrades.)  So let's look at the deeper reasons."
-msgstr "Cet argument &eacute;conomique &eacute;vident, quoi qu'important, n'a 
qu'une port&eacute;e assez marginale. En effet les d&eacute;veloppeurs de 
logiciels propri&eacute;taires peuvent &eacute;liminer cet inconv&eacute;nient 
en donnant des copies aux &eacute;coles. Mais attention&nbsp;: une &eacute;cole 
qui accepte ce &laquo;&nbsp;cadeau&nbsp;&raquo; risque de devoir payer les 
futures mises &agrave; jour. Approfondissons donc la question."
+msgid ""
+"This obvious reason, while important, is rather shallow. And proprietary "
+"software developers can eliminate this disadvantage by donating copies to "
+"the schools.  (Watch out!&mdash;a school that accepts this offer may have to "
+"pay for future upgrades.)  So let's look at the deeper reasons."
+msgstr ""
+"Cet argument &eacute;conomique &eacute;vident, quoi qu'important, n'a qu'une "
+"port&eacute;e assez marginale. En effet les d&eacute;veloppeurs de logiciels "
+"propri&eacute;taires peuvent &eacute;liminer cet inconv&eacute;nient en "
+"donnant des copies aux &eacute;coles. Mais attention&nbsp;: une &eacute;cole "
+"qui accepte ce &laquo;&nbsp;cadeau&nbsp;&raquo; risque de devoir payer les "
+"futures mises &agrave; jour. Approfondissons donc la question."
 
 # type: Content of: <p>
-msgid "School should teach students ways of life that will benefit society as 
a whole.  They should promote the use of free software just as they promote 
recycling.  If schools teach students free software, then the students will use 
free software after they graduate.  This will help society as a whole escape 
from being dominated (and gouged) by megacorporations.  Those corporations 
offer free samples to schools for the same reason tobacco companies distribute 
free cigarettes: to get children addicted <a href=\"#1\">(1)</a>.  They will 
not give discounts to these students once they grow up and graduate."
-msgstr "L'&Eacute;cole devrait enseigner aux &eacute;l&egrave;ves des 
comportements qui profiteront &agrave; la soci&eacute;t&eacute; toute 
enti&egrave;re. Elle devrait promouvoir l'utilisation des logiciels libres tout 
comme elle promeut le recyclage. Si l'&Eacute;cole enseigne les logiciels 
libres aux &eacute;l&egrave;ves (et aux &eacute;tudiants), ceux-ci les 
utiliseront encore apr&egrave;s la fin de leurs &eacute;tudes. Cela pourra 
aider la soci&eacute;t&eacute; toute enti&egrave;re &agrave; &eacute;chapper 
&agrave; la domination (et &agrave; la lamination) par les multinationales. Ces 
entreprises offrent des versions gratuites de logiciels aux &eacute;coles pour 
la m&ecirc;me raison que des compagnies de tabac am&eacute;ricaines distribuent 
des cigarettes gratuites&nbsp;: pour rendre les enfants d&eacute;pendants <a 
name=\"top1\" href=\"#1\">(1)</a>. Ils ne feront pas de remises &agrave; ces 
&eacute;l&egrave;ves et &eacute;tudiants apr&egrave;s leurs &eacute;tudes une 
fois qu'ils auront grandi."
+msgid ""
+"School should teach students ways of life that will benefit society as a "
+"whole.  They should promote the use of free software just as they promote "
+"recycling.  If schools teach students free software, then the students will "
+"use free software after they graduate.  This will help society as a whole "
+"escape from being dominated (and gouged) by megacorporations.  Those "
+"corporations offer free samples to schools for the same reason tobacco "
+"companies distribute free cigarettes: to get children addicted <a href=\"#1"
+"\">(1)</a>.  They will not give discounts to these students once they grow "
+"up and graduate."
+msgstr ""
+"L'&Eacute;cole devrait enseigner aux &eacute;l&egrave;ves des comportements "
+"qui profiteront &agrave; la soci&eacute;t&eacute; toute enti&egrave;re. Elle "
+"devrait promouvoir l'utilisation des logiciels libres tout comme elle "
+"promeut le recyclage. Si l'&Eacute;cole enseigne les logiciels libres aux "
+"&eacute;l&egrave;ves (et aux &eacute;tudiants), ceux-ci les utiliseront "
+"encore apr&egrave;s la fin de leurs &eacute;tudes. Cela pourra aider la "
+"soci&eacute;t&eacute; toute enti&egrave;re &agrave; &eacute;chapper &agrave; "
+"la domination (et &agrave; la lamination) par les multinationales. Ces "
+"entreprises offrent des versions gratuites de logiciels aux &eacute;coles "
+"pour la m&ecirc;me raison que des compagnies de tabac am&eacute;ricaines "
+"distribuent des cigarettes gratuites&nbsp;: pour rendre les enfants d&eacute;"
+"pendants <a name=\"top1\" href=\"#1\">(1)</a>. Ils ne feront pas de remises "
+"&agrave; ces &eacute;l&egrave;ves et &eacute;tudiants apr&egrave;s leurs "
+"&eacute;tudes une fois qu'ils auront grandi."
 
 # type: Content of: <p>
-msgid "Free software permits students to learn how software works.  When 
students reach their teens, some of them want to learn everything there is to 
know about their computer system and its software.  That is the age when people 
who will be good programmers should learn it.  To learn to write software well, 
students need to read a lot of code and write a lot of code.  They need to read 
and understand real programs that people really use.  They will be intensely 
curious to read the source code of the programs that they use every day."
-msgstr "Les logiciels libres permettent aux &eacute;l&egrave;ves et aux 
&eacute;tudiants d'apprendre comment les logiciels fonctionnent. &Agrave; 
l'adolescence, certains d'entre eux veulent tout apprendre au sujet de leur 
ordinateur et de ses logiciels. C'est &agrave; cet &acirc;ge que les personnes 
qui deviendront de bons programmeurs devraient l'apprendre. Pour bien apprendre 
&agrave; &eacute;crire des logiciels, les &eacute;l&egrave;ves et les 
&eacute;tudiants ont besoin de lire beaucoup de code source et d'&eacute;crire 
beaucoup de logiciels. Ils ont besoin de lire et de comprendre de vrais 
programmes que les gens utilisent r&eacute;ellement. Ils seront 
extr&ecirc;mement curieux de lire le code source des programmes qu'ils 
utilisent."
+msgid ""
+"Free software permits students to learn how software works.  When students "
+"reach their teens, some of them want to learn everything there is to know "
+"about their computer system and its software.  That is the age when people "
+"who will be good programmers should learn it.  To learn to write software "
+"well, students need to read a lot of code and write a lot of code.  They "
+"need to read and understand real programs that people really use.  They will "
+"be intensely curious to read the source code of the programs that they use "
+"every day."
+msgstr ""
+"Les logiciels libres permettent aux &eacute;l&egrave;ves et aux &eacute;"
+"tudiants d'apprendre comment les logiciels fonctionnent. &Agrave; "
+"l'adolescence, certains d'entre eux veulent tout apprendre au sujet de leur "
+"ordinateur et de ses logiciels. C'est &agrave; cet &acirc;ge que les "
+"personnes qui deviendront de bons programmeurs devraient l'apprendre. Pour "
+"bien apprendre &agrave; &eacute;crire des logiciels, les &eacute;l&egrave;"
+"ves et les &eacute;tudiants ont besoin de lire beaucoup de code source et "
+"d'&eacute;crire beaucoup de logiciels. Ils ont besoin de lire et de "
+"comprendre de vrais programmes que les gens utilisent r&eacute;ellement. Ils "
+"seront extr&ecirc;mement curieux de lire le code source des programmes "
+"qu'ils utilisent."
 
 # type: Content of: <p>
-msgid "Proprietary software rejects their thirst for knowledge: it says, 
&ldquo;The knowledge you want is a secret&mdash;learning is forbidden!&rdquo; 
Free software encourages everyone to learn. The free software community rejects 
the &ldquo;priesthood of technology&rdquo;, which keeps the general public in 
ignorance of how technology works; we encourage students of any age and 
situation to read the source code and learn as much as they want to know. 
Schools that use free software will enable gifted programming students to 
advance."
-msgstr "Le logiciel propri&eacute;taire rejette cette soif de 
connaissance&nbsp;; il dit &laquo;&nbsp;le savoir que tu veux est un secret, 
l'apprendre est interdit&nbsp;!&nbsp;&raquo; Le logiciel libre encourage tout 
le monde &agrave; apprendre. La communaut&eacute; du logiciel libre rejette ce 
&laquo;&nbsp;culte de la technologie&nbsp;&raquo;, qui maintient le grand 
public dans l'ignorance du fonctionnement de la technologie&nbsp;; nous 
encourageons les &eacute;l&egrave;ves et les &eacute;tudiants de tous 
&acirc;ges et de toutes origines &agrave; lire du code source et &agrave; 
apprendre autant qu'ils veulent savoir. Les &eacute;coles qui utilisent les 
logiciels libres encouragent cela et permettent aux apprentis programmeurs 
dou&eacute;s de progresser."
+msgid ""
+"Proprietary software rejects their thirst for knowledge: it says, &ldquo;The "
+"knowledge you want is a secret&mdash;learning is forbidden!&rdquo; Free "
+"software encourages everyone to learn. The free software community rejects "
+"the &ldquo;priesthood of technology&rdquo;, which keeps the general public "
+"in ignorance of how technology works; we encourage students of any age and "
+"situation to read the source code and learn as much as they want to know. "
+"Schools that use free software will enable gifted programming students to "
+"advance."
+msgstr ""
+"Le logiciel propri&eacute;taire rejette cette soif de connaissance&nbsp;; il "
+"dit &laquo;&nbsp;le savoir que tu veux est un secret, l'apprendre est "
+"interdit&nbsp;!&nbsp;&raquo; Le logiciel libre encourage tout le monde "
+"&agrave; apprendre. La communaut&eacute; du logiciel libre rejette ce &laquo;"
+"&nbsp;culte de la technologie&nbsp;&raquo;, qui maintient le grand public "
+"dans l'ignorance du fonctionnement de la technologie&nbsp;; nous "
+"encourageons les &eacute;l&egrave;ves et les &eacute;tudiants de tous &acirc;"
+"ges et de toutes origines &agrave; lire du code source et &agrave; apprendre "
+"autant qu'ils veulent savoir. Les &eacute;coles qui utilisent les logiciels "
+"libres encouragent cela et permettent aux apprentis programmeurs dou&eacute;"
+"s de progresser."
 
 # type: Content of: <p>
-msgid "The next reason for using free software in schools is on an even deeper 
level. We expect schools to teach students basic facts, and useful skills, but 
that is not their whole job. The most fundamental mission of schools is to 
teach people to be good citizens and good neighbors&mdash;to cooperate with 
others who need their help. In the area of computers, this means teaching them 
to share software.  Elementary schools, above all, should tell their pupils, 
&ldquo;If you bring software to school, you must share it with the other 
children.&rdquo; Of course, the school must practice what it preaches: all the 
software installed by the school should be available for students to copy, take 
home, and redistribute further."
-msgstr "La raison suivante est encore plus profonde. Nous attendons de 
l'&Eacute;cole qu'elle enseigne aux &eacute;l&egrave;ves et &eacute;tudiants 
des connaissances de base et des comp&eacute;tences utiles, mais ce n'est pas 
son unique mission. La mission la plus fondamentale de l'&Eacute;cole est 
d'enseigner aux gens &agrave; &ecirc;tre de bons citoyens et de bons voisins 
pour &oelig;uvrer avec ceux qui ont besoin d'aide. Dans le domaine de 
l'informatique, cela signifie enseigner &agrave; partager les logiciels. Les 
&eacute;coles &eacute;l&eacute;mentaires, par dessus tout, devraient dire 
&agrave; leurs &eacute;l&egrave;ves&nbsp;: &laquo;&nbsp;si tu apportes un 
logiciel &agrave; l'&eacute;cole, tu devras le partager avec les autres 
enfants&nbsp;&raquo;. Bien entendu, l'&eacute;cole doit pratiquer ce qu'elle 
pr&ecirc;che&nbsp;: tous les logiciels install&eacute;s par l'&eacute;cole 
devront &ecirc;tre accessibles aux &eacute;l&egrave;ves pour &ecirc;tre 
copi&eacute;s, emport&eacute;s &agrave; la maison et redistribu&eacute;s par la 
suite."
+msgid ""
+"The next reason for using free software in schools is on an even deeper "
+"level. We expect schools to teach students basic facts, and useful skills, "
+"but that is not their whole job. The most fundamental mission of schools is "
+"to teach people to be good citizens and good neighbors&mdash;to cooperate "
+"with others who need their help. In the area of computers, this means "
+"teaching them to share software.  Elementary schools, above all, should tell "
+"their pupils, &ldquo;If you bring software to school, you must share it with "
+"the other children.&rdquo; Of course, the school must practice what it "
+"preaches: all the software installed by the school should be available for "
+"students to copy, take home, and redistribute further."
+msgstr ""
+"La raison suivante est encore plus profonde. Nous attendons de l'&Eacute;"
+"cole qu'elle enseigne aux &eacute;l&egrave;ves et &eacute;tudiants des "
+"connaissances de base et des comp&eacute;tences utiles, mais ce n'est pas "
+"son unique mission. La mission la plus fondamentale de l'&Eacute;cole est "
+"d'enseigner aux gens &agrave; &ecirc;tre de bons citoyens et de bons voisins "
+"pour &oelig;uvrer avec ceux qui ont besoin d'aide. Dans le domaine de "
+"l'informatique, cela signifie enseigner &agrave; partager les logiciels. Les "
+"&eacute;coles &eacute;l&eacute;mentaires, par dessus tout, devraient dire "
+"&agrave; leurs &eacute;l&egrave;ves&nbsp;: &laquo;&nbsp;si tu apportes un "
+"logiciel &agrave; l'&eacute;cole, tu devras le partager avec les autres "
+"enfants&nbsp;&raquo;. Bien entendu, l'&eacute;cole doit pratiquer ce qu'elle "
+"pr&ecirc;che&nbsp;: tous les logiciels install&eacute;s par l'&eacute;cole "
+"devront &ecirc;tre accessibles aux &eacute;l&egrave;ves pour &ecirc;tre "
+"copi&eacute;s, emport&eacute;s &agrave; la maison et redistribu&eacute;s par "
+"la suite."
 
 # type: Content of: <p>
-msgid "Teaching the students to use free software, and to participate in the 
free software community, is a hands-on civics lesson. It also teaches students 
the role model of public service rather than that of tycoons.  All levels of 
school should use free software."
-msgstr "Enseigner l'utilisation des logiciels libres aux &eacute;l&egrave;ves 
et &eacute;tudiants et prendre part &agrave; la communaut&eacute; des logiciels 
libres est une forme d'&eacute;ducation &agrave; la citoyennet&eacute;. Cela 
d&eacute;montre aussi aux &eacute;tudiants les avantages d'un mod&egrave;le 
bas&eacute; sur le service public plut&ocirc;t que celui pr&ocirc;n&eacute; par 
les ultralib&eacute;raux. Les logiciels libres devraient &ecirc;tre 
utilis&eacute;s &agrave; tous les niveaux de l'&Eacute;cole."
+msgid ""
+"Teaching the students to use free software, and to participate in the free "
+"software community, is a hands-on civics lesson. It also teaches students "
+"the role model of public service rather than that of tycoons.  All levels of "
+"school should use free software."
+msgstr ""
+"Enseigner l'utilisation des logiciels libres aux &eacute;l&egrave;ves et "
+"&eacute;tudiants et prendre part &agrave; la communaut&eacute; des logiciels "
+"libres est une forme d'&eacute;ducation &agrave; la citoyennet&eacute;. Cela "
+"d&eacute;montre aussi aux &eacute;tudiants les avantages d'un mod&egrave;le "
+"bas&eacute; sur le service public plut&ocirc;t que celui pr&ocirc;n&eacute; "
+"par les ultralib&eacute;raux. Les logiciels libres devraient &ecirc;tre "
+"utilis&eacute;s &agrave; tous les niveaux de l'&Eacute;cole."
 
 # type: Content of: <ol><li>
-msgid "<cite><a name=\"1\"></a>RJ Reynolds tobacco company was fined $15m in 
2002 for handing out free samples of cigarettes at events attended by children. 
 See <a 
href=\"http://www.bbc.co.uk/worldservice/sci_tech/features/health/tobaccotrial/usa.htm\";>http://www.bbc.co.uk/worldservice/sci_tech/features/health/tobaccotrial/usa.htm</a>.
  </cite>"
-msgstr "<cite><a name=\"1\">(1)</a>. La compagnie de tabac RJ Reynolds fut 
condamn&eacute;e &agrave; 15 millions de dollars d'amende en 2002 pour avoir 
fourni des &eacute;chantillons gratuits de cigarettes sur des 
&eacute;v&eacute;nements cibl&eacute;s sur les enfants. Voir <a 
href=\"http://www.bbc.co.uk/worldservice/sci_tech/features/health/tobaccotrial/usa.htm\";>http://www.bbc.co.uk/worldservice/sci_tech/features/health/tobaccotrial/usa.htm</a>.</cite>"
+msgid ""
+"<cite><a name=\"1\"></a>RJ Reynolds tobacco company was fined $15m in 2002 "
+"for handing out free samples of cigarettes at events attended by children.  "
+"See <a href=\"http://www.bbc.co.uk/worldservice/sci_tech/features/health/";
+"tobaccotrial/usa.htm\">http://www.bbc.co.uk/worldservice/sci_tech/features/";
+"health/tobaccotrial/usa.htm</a>.  </cite>"
+msgstr ""
+"<cite><a name=\"1\">(1)</a>. La compagnie de tabac RJ Reynolds fut "
+"condamn&eacute;e &agrave; 15 millions de dollars d'amende en 2002 pour avoir "
+"fourni des &eacute;chantillons gratuits de cigarettes sur des &eacute;"
+"v&eacute;nements cibl&eacute;s sur les enfants. Voir <a href=\"http://www.";
+"bbc.co.uk/worldservice/sci_tech/features/health/tobaccotrial/usa.htm"
+"\">http://www.bbc.co.uk/worldservice/sci_tech/features/health/tobaccotrial/";
+"usa.htm</a>.</cite>"
 
 # type: Content of: <div>
 #. TRANSLATORS: Use space (SPC) as msgstr if you don't have notes.
@@ -73,27 +231,45 @@
 msgstr " "
 
 # type: Content of: <div><p>
-#| msgid ""
-#| "Please send FSF &amp; GNU inquiries to <a href=\"mailto:address@hidden";
-#| "\"><em>address@hidden</em></a>.  There are also <a 
href=\"/contact/\">other "
-#| "ways to contact</a> the FSF.  <br /> Please send broken links and other "
-#| "corrections or suggestions to <a href=\"mailto:address@hidden";
-#| "\"><em>address@hidden</em></a>."
-msgid "Please send FSF &amp; GNU inquiries to <a 
href=\"mailto:address@hidden";>&lt;address@hidden&gt;</a>.  There are also <a 
href=\"/contact/\">other ways to contact</a> the FSF.  <br /> Please send 
broken links and other corrections or suggestions to <a 
href=\"mailto:address@hidden";>&lt;address@hidden&gt;</a>."
-msgstr "Veuillez envoyer les requêtes concernant la FSF et GNU à <a 
href=\"mailto:address@hidden";><em>address@hidden</em></a>. Il existe aussi <a 
href=\"/contact/\">d'autres moyens de contacter</a> la FSF. <br /> Veuillez 
envoyer les liens orphelins ou d'autres suggestions à <a 
href=\"mailto:address@hidden";>&lt;address@hidden&gt;</a>."
+msgid ""
+"Please send FSF &amp; GNU inquiries to <a href=\"mailto:address@hidden";>&lt;"
+"address@hidden&gt;</a>.  There are also <a href=\"/contact/\">other ways to "
+"contact</a> the FSF.  <br /> Please send broken links and other corrections "
+"or suggestions to <a href=\"mailto:address@hidden";>&lt;address@hidden"
+"org&gt;</a>."
+msgstr ""
+"Veuillez envoyer les requêtes concernant la FSF et GNU à <a href=\"mailto:";
+"address@hidden"><em>address@hidden</em></a>. Il existe aussi <a 
href=\"/contact/"
+"\">d'autres moyens de contacter</a> la FSF. <br /> Veuillez envoyer les "
+"liens orphelins ou d'autres suggestions à <a href=\"mailto:address@hidden";
+"\">&lt;address@hidden&gt;</a>."
 
 # type: Content of: <div><p>
-msgid "Please see the <a 
href=\"/server/standards/README.translations.html\">Translations README</a> for 
information on coordinating and submitting translations of this article."
-msgstr "Veuillez consulter le <a 
href=\"/server/standards/README.translations.fr.html\">README des 
traductions</a> pour des informations sur la coordination et la soumission de 
traductions de cet article."
+msgid ""
+"Please see the <a href=\"/server/standards/README.translations.html"
+"\">Translations README</a> for information on coordinating and submitting "
+"translations of this article."
+msgstr ""
+"Veuillez consulter le <a href=\"/server/standards/README.translations.fr.html"
+"\">README des traductions</a> pour des informations sur la coordination et "
+"la soumission de traductions de cet article."
 
 # type: Content of: <div><p>
-msgid "Copyright &copy; 2003 Richard Stallman <br /> Verbatim copying and 
distribution of this entire article are permitted without royalty in any medium 
provided this notice is preserved."
-msgstr "Copyright &copy; 2003 Richard Stallman <br />La reproduction exacte et 
la distribution intégrale de cet article est permise sur n'importe quel 
support d'archivage, pourvu que cette notice soit préservée."
+msgid ""
+"Copyright &copy; 2003 Richard Stallman <br /> Verbatim copying and "
+"distribution of this entire article are permitted without royalty in any "
+"medium provided this notice is preserved."
+msgstr ""
+"Copyright &copy; 2003 Richard Stallman <br />La reproduction exacte et la "
+"distribution intégrale de cet article est permise sur n'importe quel support 
"
+"d'archivage, pourvu que cette notice soit préservée."
 
 # type: Content of: <div><div>
 #. TRANSLATORS: Use space (SPC) as msgstr if you don't want credits.
 msgid "*GNUN-SLOT: TRANSLATOR'S CREDITS*"
-msgstr "Traduction&nbsp;: Laurent Bertaud.<br /> Révision&nbsp;: <a 
href=\"mailto:trad-gnu&#64;april.org\";>trad-gnu&#64;april.org</a>"
+msgstr ""
+"Traduction&nbsp;: Laurent Bertaud.<br /> Révision&nbsp;: <a href=\"mailto:";
+"trad-gnu&#64;april.org\">trad-gnu&#64;april.org</a>"
 
 # type: Content of: <div><p>
 #.  timestamp start
@@ -103,4 +279,3 @@
 # type: Content of: <div><h4>
 msgid "Translations of this page"
 msgstr "Traductions de cette page"
-

Index: philosophy/po/shouldbefree.fr.po
===================================================================
RCS file: /web/www/www/philosophy/po/shouldbefree.fr.po,v
retrieving revision 1.4
retrieving revision 1.5
diff -u -b -r1.4 -r1.5
--- philosophy/po/shouldbefree.fr.po    29 Nov 2009 17:55:31 -0000      1.4
+++ philosophy/po/shouldbefree.fr.po    30 Nov 2009 21:27:03 -0000      1.5
@@ -16,16 +16,22 @@
 "Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit\n"
 
 # type: Content of: <title>
-msgid "Why Software Should Be Free - GNU Project - Free Software Foundation 
(FSF)"
-msgstr "Pourquoi les logiciels devraient &ecirc;tre libres - GNU Project - 
Free Software Foundation (FSF)"
+msgid ""
+"Why Software Should Be Free - GNU Project - Free Software Foundation (FSF)"
+msgstr ""
+"Pourquoi les logiciels devraient &ecirc;tre libres - GNU Project - Free "
+"Software Foundation (FSF)"
 
 # type: Content of: <h2>
 msgid "Why Software Should Be Free"
 msgstr "Pourquoi les logiciels devraient &ecirc;tre libres"
 
 # type: Content of: <p>
-msgid "by <a href=\"http://www.stallman.org/\";><strong>Richard 
Stallman</strong></a>"
-msgstr "par <a href=\"http://www.stallman.org/\";><strong>Richard 
Stallman</strong></a>"
+msgid ""
+"by <a href=\"http://www.stallman.org/\";><strong>Richard Stallman</strong></a>"
+msgstr ""
+"par <a href=\"http://www.stallman.org/\";><strong>Richard Stallman</strong></"
+"a>"
 
 # type: Content of: <p>
 msgid "(Version of April 24, 1992)"
@@ -36,124 +42,425 @@
 msgstr "Introduction"
 
 # type: Content of: <p>
-msgid "The existence of software inevitably raises the question of how 
decisions about its use should be made.  For example, suppose one individual 
who has a copy of a program meets another who would like a copy.  It is 
possible for them to copy the program; who should decide whether this is done? 
The individuals involved? Or another party, called the &ldquo;owner&rdquo;?"
-msgstr "L'existence de logiciels soul&egrave;ve forc&eacute;ment la question 
de la fa&ccedil;on dont devraient &ecirc;tre prises les d&eacute;cisions 
concernant leur usage. Par exemple, supposons qu'une personne ayant une copie 
d'un programme, rencontre une autre personne qui en voudrait une copie. Il est 
possible pour eux de copier le programme; qui devrait d&eacute;cider si c'est 
possible&nbsp;? Les personnes elles-m&ecirc;mes&nbsp;? Ou une tierce personne, 
son &laquo;&nbsp;propri&eacute;taire&nbsp;&raquo;&nbsp;?"
+msgid ""
+"The existence of software inevitably raises the question of how decisions "
+"about its use should be made.  For example, suppose one individual who has a "
+"copy of a program meets another who would like a copy.  It is possible for "
+"them to copy the program; who should decide whether this is done? The "
+"individuals involved? Or another party, called the &ldquo;owner&rdquo;?"
+msgstr ""
+"L'existence de logiciels soul&egrave;ve forc&eacute;ment la question de la "
+"fa&ccedil;on dont devraient &ecirc;tre prises les d&eacute;cisions "
+"concernant leur usage. Par exemple, supposons qu'une personne ayant une "
+"copie d'un programme, rencontre une autre personne qui en voudrait une "
+"copie. Il est possible pour eux de copier le programme; qui devrait d&eacute;"
+"cider si c'est possible&nbsp;? Les personnes elles-m&ecirc;mes&nbsp;? Ou une "
+"tierce personne, son &laquo;&nbsp;propri&eacute;taire&nbsp;&raquo;&nbsp;?"
 
 # type: Content of: <p>
-msgid "Software developers typically consider these questions on the 
assumption that the criterion for the answer is to maximize developers' 
profits. The political power of business has led to the government adoption of 
both this criterion and the answer proposed by the developers: that the program 
has an owner, typically a corporation associated with its development."
-msgstr "Les d&eacute;veloppeurs de logiciels consid&egrave;rent typiquement 
que le crit&egrave;re de r&eacute;ponse suppos&eacute; est la maximisation de 
leurs profits. Le pouvoir politique des affaires a pouss&eacute; le 
gouvernement &agrave; adopter &agrave; la fois ce crit&egrave;re et la 
r&eacute;ponse propos&eacute;e par les d&eacute;veloppeurs&nbsp;: 
c'est-&agrave;-dire qu'un programme a un propri&eacute;taire, en 
g&eacute;n&eacute;ral une soci&eacute;t&eacute; associ&eacute;e &agrave; son 
d&eacute;veloppement."
+msgid ""
+"Software developers typically consider these questions on the assumption "
+"that the criterion for the answer is to maximize developers' profits. The "
+"political power of business has led to the government adoption of both this "
+"criterion and the answer proposed by the developers: that the program has an "
+"owner, typically a corporation associated with its development."
+msgstr ""
+"Les d&eacute;veloppeurs de logiciels consid&egrave;rent typiquement que le "
+"crit&egrave;re de r&eacute;ponse suppos&eacute; est la maximisation de leurs "
+"profits. Le pouvoir politique des affaires a pouss&eacute; le gouvernement "
+"&agrave; adopter &agrave; la fois ce crit&egrave;re et la r&eacute;ponse "
+"propos&eacute;e par les d&eacute;veloppeurs&nbsp;: c'est-&agrave;-dire qu'un "
+"programme a un propri&eacute;taire, en g&eacute;n&eacute;ral une soci&eacute;"
+"t&eacute; associ&eacute;e &agrave; son d&eacute;veloppement."
 
 # type: Content of: <p>
-msgid "I would like to consider the same question using a different criterion: 
the prosperity and freedom of the public in general."
-msgstr "J'aimerais consid&eacute;rer la m&ecirc;me question en utilisant un 
crit&egrave;re diff&eacute;rent&nbsp;: la prosp&eacute;rit&eacute; et la 
libert&eacute; du public en g&eacute;n&eacute;ral."
+msgid ""
+"I would like to consider the same question using a different criterion: the "
+"prosperity and freedom of the public in general."
+msgstr ""
+"J'aimerais consid&eacute;rer la m&ecirc;me question en utilisant un "
+"crit&egrave;re diff&eacute;rent&nbsp;: la prosp&eacute;rit&eacute; et la "
+"libert&eacute; du public en g&eacute;n&eacute;ral."
 
 # type: Content of: <p>
-msgid "This answer cannot be decided by current law&mdash;the law should 
conform to ethics, not the other way around.  Nor does current practice decide 
this question, although it may suggest possible answers.  The only way to judge 
is to see who is helped and who is hurt by recognizing owners of software, why, 
and how much.  In other words, we should perform a cost-benefit analysis on 
behalf of society as a whole, taking account of individual freedom as well as 
production of material goods."
-msgstr "Cette r&eacute;ponse ne peut pas &ecirc;tre d&eacute;cid&eacute;e par 
la loi actuelle &mdash;&nbsp;la loi devrait se conformer &agrave; la morale, 
pas l'inverse&nbsp;&mdash; ni par l'usage, bien qu'ils puissent sugg&eacute;rer 
des r&eacute;ponses possibles. La seule fa&ccedil;on d'en juger, est d'observer 
qui b&eacute;n&eacute;ficie et qui est l&eacute;s&eacute; en reconnaissant un 
propri&eacute;taire au logiciel, pourquoi et dans quelle mesure. En d'autres 
termes, nous devrions en &eacute;valuer le pour et le contre pour la 
soci&eacute;t&eacute; dans son ensemble, en prenant en compte aussi bien la 
libert&eacute; individuelle que la production de biens mat&eacute;riels."
+msgid ""
+"This answer cannot be decided by current law&mdash;the law should conform to "
+"ethics, not the other way around.  Nor does current practice decide this "
+"question, although it may suggest possible answers.  The only way to judge "
+"is to see who is helped and who is hurt by recognizing owners of software, "
+"why, and how much.  In other words, we should perform a cost-benefit "
+"analysis on behalf of society as a whole, taking account of individual "
+"freedom as well as production of material goods."
+msgstr ""
+"Cette r&eacute;ponse ne peut pas &ecirc;tre d&eacute;cid&eacute;e par la loi "
+"actuelle &mdash;&nbsp;la loi devrait se conformer &agrave; la morale, pas "
+"l'inverse&nbsp;&mdash; ni par l'usage, bien qu'ils puissent sugg&eacute;rer "
+"des r&eacute;ponses possibles. La seule fa&ccedil;on d'en juger, est "
+"d'observer qui b&eacute;n&eacute;ficie et qui est l&eacute;s&eacute; en "
+"reconnaissant un propri&eacute;taire au logiciel, pourquoi et dans quelle "
+"mesure. En d'autres termes, nous devrions en &eacute;valuer le pour et le "
+"contre pour la soci&eacute;t&eacute; dans son ensemble, en prenant en compte "
+"aussi bien la libert&eacute; individuelle que la production de biens "
+"mat&eacute;riels."
 
 # type: Content of: <p>
-msgid "In this essay, I will describe the effects of having owners, and show 
that the results are detrimental.  My conclusion is that programmers have the 
duty to encourage others to share, redistribute, study, and improve the 
software we write: in other words, to write <a 
href=\"/philosophy/free-sw.html\">&ldquo;free&rdquo; software</a>.<a 
href=\"#f1\">(1)</a>"
-msgstr "Dans cet article, je d&eacute;crirai les effets d'avoir des 
propri&eacute;taires, et je montrerai que les r&eacute;sultats sont 
pr&eacute;judiciables. Ma conclusion est que les programmeurs ont le devoir 
d'encourager les autres &agrave; partager, distribuer, &eacute;tudier et 
am&eacute;liorer les logiciels que nous &eacute;crivons&nbsp;: autrement dit, 
d'&eacute;crire des <a href=\"/philosophy/free-sw.fr.html\">logiciels 
libres</a>.<a href=\"#1\">(1)</a>"
+msgid ""
+"In this essay, I will describe the effects of having owners, and show that "
+"the results are detrimental.  My conclusion is that programmers have the "
+"duty to encourage others to share, redistribute, study, and improve the "
+"software we write: in other words, to write <a href=\"/philosophy/free-sw."
+"html\">&ldquo;free&rdquo; software</a>.<a href=\"#f1\">(1)</a>"
+msgstr ""
+"Dans cet article, je d&eacute;crirai les effets d'avoir des propri&eacute;"
+"taires, et je montrerai que les r&eacute;sultats sont pr&eacute;judiciables. "
+"Ma conclusion est que les programmeurs ont le devoir d'encourager les autres "
+"&agrave; partager, distribuer, &eacute;tudier et am&eacute;liorer les "
+"logiciels que nous &eacute;crivons&nbsp;: autrement dit, d'&eacute;crire des "
+"<a href=\"/philosophy/free-sw.fr.html\">logiciels libres</a>.<a href=\"#1\">"
+"(1)</a>"
 
 # type: Content of: <h3>
 msgid "How Owners Justify Their Power"
 msgstr "Comment les propri&eacute;taires justifient leur pouvoir"
 
 # type: Content of: <p>
-msgid "Those who benefit from the current system where programs are property 
offer two arguments in support of their claims to own programs: the emotional 
argument and the economic argument."
-msgstr "Ceux-l&agrave;, qui b&eacute;n&eacute;ficient du syst&egrave;me actuel 
o&ugrave; les programmes sont propri&eacute;taires, proposent deux arguments en 
leur faveur&nbsp;: l'argument affectif et l'argument &eacute;conomique."
+msgid ""
+"Those who benefit from the current system where programs are property offer "
+"two arguments in support of their claims to own programs: the emotional "
+"argument and the economic argument."
+msgstr ""
+"Ceux-l&agrave;, qui b&eacute;n&eacute;ficient du syst&egrave;me actuel "
+"o&ugrave; les programmes sont propri&eacute;taires, proposent deux arguments "
+"en leur faveur&nbsp;: l'argument affectif et l'argument &eacute;conomique."
 
 # type: Content of: <p>
-msgid "The emotional argument goes like this: &ldquo;I put my sweat, my heart, 
my soul into this program.  It comes from <em>me</em>, it's 
<em>mine</em>!&rdquo;"
-msgstr "L'argument affectif ressemble &agrave; ceci&nbsp;: &laquo;&nbsp;j'ai 
mis ma sueur, mon cœur, mon &acirc;me dans ce programme. Il vient de 
<em>moi</em>, c'est <em>le mien</em>&nbsp;!&nbsp;&raquo;"
+msgid ""
+"The emotional argument goes like this: &ldquo;I put my sweat, my heart, my "
+"soul into this program.  It comes from <em>me</em>, it's <em>mine</em>!"
+"&rdquo;"
+msgstr ""
+"L'argument affectif ressemble &agrave; ceci&nbsp;: &laquo;&nbsp;j'ai mis ma "
+"sueur, mon cœur, mon &acirc;me dans ce programme. Il vient de <em>moi</em>, "
+"c'est <em>le mien</em>&nbsp;!&nbsp;&raquo;"
 
 # type: Content of: <p>
-msgid "This argument does not require serious refutation.  The feeling of 
attachment is one that programmers can cultivate when it suits them; it is not 
inevitable.  Consider, for example, how willingly the same programmers usually 
sign over all rights to a large corporation for a salary; the emotional 
attachment mysteriously vanishes.  By contrast, consider the great artists and 
artisans of medieval times, who didn't even sign their names to their work.  To 
them, the name of the artist was not important.  What mattered was that the 
work was done&mdash;and the purpose it would serve.  This view prevailed for 
hundreds of years."
-msgstr "Cet argument ne n&eacute;cessite pas de r&eacute;futation 
s&eacute;rieuse. Les programmeurs peuvent cultiver ce sentiment de possession 
quand &ccedil;a les arrange; cen'est pas in&eacute;vitable. Consid&eacute;rez, 
par exemple, comment ces m&ecirc;mes programmeurs c&egrave;dent volontiers 
leurs droits &agrave; une grosse entreprise moyennant salaire&nbsp;; 
myst&eacute;rieusement, l'attachement affectif dispara&icirc;t. Faites le 
contraste avec ces grands artistes et artisans des temps 
m&eacute;di&eacute;vaux, qui ne signaient m&ecirc;me pas de leur nom leurs 
travaux. Pour eux, le nom de l'artiste n'avait pas d'importance. Ce qui 
importait, c'&eacute;tait que le travail, et son but aff&eacute;rent, aient 
&eacute;t&eacute; faits. Cette fa&ccedil;on de voir &agrave; pr&eacute;valu 
pendant des centaines d'ann&eacute;es."
+msgid ""
+"This argument does not require serious refutation.  The feeling of "
+"attachment is one that programmers can cultivate when it suits them; it is "
+"not inevitable.  Consider, for example, how willingly the same programmers "
+"usually sign over all rights to a large corporation for a salary; the "
+"emotional attachment mysteriously vanishes.  By contrast, consider the great "
+"artists and artisans of medieval times, who didn't even sign their names to "
+"their work.  To them, the name of the artist was not important.  What "
+"mattered was that the work was done&mdash;and the purpose it would serve.  "
+"This view prevailed for hundreds of years."
+msgstr ""
+"Cet argument ne n&eacute;cessite pas de r&eacute;futation s&eacute;rieuse. "
+"Les programmeurs peuvent cultiver ce sentiment de possession quand &ccedil;a "
+"les arrange; cen'est pas in&eacute;vitable. Consid&eacute;rez, par exemple, "
+"comment ces m&ecirc;mes programmeurs c&egrave;dent volontiers leurs droits "
+"&agrave; une grosse entreprise moyennant salaire&nbsp;; myst&eacute;"
+"rieusement, l'attachement affectif dispara&icirc;t. Faites le contraste avec "
+"ces grands artistes et artisans des temps m&eacute;di&eacute;vaux, qui ne "
+"signaient m&ecirc;me pas de leur nom leurs travaux. Pour eux, le nom de "
+"l'artiste n'avait pas d'importance. Ce qui importait, c'&eacute;tait que le "
+"travail, et son but aff&eacute;rent, aient &eacute;t&eacute; faits. Cette "
+"fa&ccedil;on de voir &agrave; pr&eacute;valu pendant des centaines "
+"d'ann&eacute;es."
 
 # type: Content of: <p>
-msgid "The economic argument goes like this: &ldquo;I want to get rich 
(usually described inaccurately as &lsquo;making a living&rsquo;), and if you 
don't allow me to get rich by programming, then I won't program.  Everyone else 
is like me, so nobody will ever program.  And then you'll be stuck with no 
programs at all!&rdquo; This threat is usually veiled as friendly advice from 
the wise."
-msgstr "L'argument &eacute;conomique est du style : &laquo;&nbsp;je veux 
devenir riche (ce qui en g&eacute;n&eacute;ral, se dit incorrectement 
&laquo;&nbsp;je veux gagner ma vie&nbsp;&raquo;), et si vous ne me permettez 
pas de devenir riche en programmant, eh bien je ne programmerai pas. Comme tout 
le monde me ressemble, personne n'&eacute;crirade programmes. Et vous serez 
coinc&eacute;s, car pas de programme du tout&nbsp;!&nbsp;&raquo; Cette menace 
est g&eacute;n&eacute;ralement d&eacute;guis&eacute;e en conseil amical venant 
de la bouche d'un sage."
+msgid ""
+"The economic argument goes like this: &ldquo;I want to get rich (usually "
+"described inaccurately as &lsquo;making a living&rsquo;), and if you don't "
+"allow me to get rich by programming, then I won't program.  Everyone else is "
+"like me, so nobody will ever program.  And then you'll be stuck with no "
+"programs at all!&rdquo; This threat is usually veiled as friendly advice "
+"from the wise."
+msgstr ""
+"L'argument &eacute;conomique est du style : &laquo;&nbsp;je veux devenir "
+"riche (ce qui en g&eacute;n&eacute;ral, se dit incorrectement &laquo;&nbsp;"
+"je veux gagner ma vie&nbsp;&raquo;), et si vous ne me permettez pas de "
+"devenir riche en programmant, eh bien je ne programmerai pas. Comme tout le "
+"monde me ressemble, personne n'&eacute;crirade programmes. Et vous serez "
+"coinc&eacute;s, car pas de programme du tout&nbsp;!&nbsp;&raquo; Cette "
+"menace est g&eacute;n&eacute;ralement d&eacute;guis&eacute;e en conseil "
+"amical venant de la bouche d'un sage."
 
 # type: Content of: <p>
-msgid "I'll explain later why this threat is a bluff.  First I want to address 
an implicit assumption that is more visible in another formulation of the 
argument."
-msgstr "J'expliquerai plus tard pourquoi cette menace est du bluff. J'aimerais 
d'abord mettre le doigt sur une supposition implicite qui est plus 
&eacute;vidente dans une autre formulation de l'argument."
+msgid ""
+"I'll explain later why this threat is a bluff.  First I want to address an "
+"implicit assumption that is more visible in another formulation of the "
+"argument."
+msgstr ""
+"J'expliquerai plus tard pourquoi cette menace est du bluff. J'aimerais "
+"d'abord mettre le doigt sur une supposition implicite qui est plus &eacute;"
+"vidente dans une autre formulation de l'argument."
 
 # type: Content of: <p>
-msgid "This formulation starts by comparing the social utility of a 
proprietary program with that of no program, and then concludes that 
proprietary software development is, on the whole, beneficial, and should be 
encouraged.  The fallacy here is in comparing only two 
outcomes&mdash;proprietary software vs. no software&mdash;and assuming there 
are no other possibilities."
-msgstr "Cette formulation part de la comparaison entre l'utilit&eacute; 
sociale d'un programme propri&eacute;taire et celle o&ugrave; il n'y a pas de 
programme, pour alors conclure que le d&eacute;veloppement de logiciels 
propri&eacute;taires est, globalement, b&eacute;n&eacute;fique et qu'il devrait 
&ecirc;tre encourag&eacute;. L'erreur, ici, vient de ne comparer que deux 
r&eacute;sultats &mdash;&nbsp;logiciel propri&eacute;taire contre pas de 
logiciel&nbsp;&mdash; et de supposer qu'il n'y a pas d'autres 
possibilit&eacute;s."
+msgid ""
+"This formulation starts by comparing the social utility of a proprietary "
+"program with that of no program, and then concludes that proprietary "
+"software development is, on the whole, beneficial, and should be "
+"encouraged.  The fallacy here is in comparing only two outcomes&mdash;"
+"proprietary software vs. no software&mdash;and assuming there are no other "
+"possibilities."
+msgstr ""
+"Cette formulation part de la comparaison entre l'utilit&eacute; sociale d'un "
+"programme propri&eacute;taire et celle o&ugrave; il n'y a pas de programme, "
+"pour alors conclure que le d&eacute;veloppement de logiciels propri&eacute;"
+"taires est, globalement, b&eacute;n&eacute;fique et qu'il devrait &ecirc;tre "
+"encourag&eacute;. L'erreur, ici, vient de ne comparer que deux r&eacute;"
+"sultats &mdash;&nbsp;logiciel propri&eacute;taire contre pas de "
+"logiciel&nbsp;&mdash; et de supposer qu'il n'y a pas d'autres "
+"possibilit&eacute;s."
 
 # type: Content of: <p>
-msgid "Given a system of software copyright, software development is usually 
linked with the existence of an owner who controls the software's use.  As long 
as this linkage exists, we are often faced with the choice of proprietary 
software or none.  However, this linkage is not inherent or inevitable; it is a 
consequence of the specific social/legal policy decision that we are 
questioning: the decision to have owners.  To formulate the choice as between 
proprietary software vs. no software is begging the question."
-msgstr "Dans un syst&egrave;me reconnaissant la propri&eacute;t&eacute; 
intellectuelle, le d&eacute;veloppement logiciel est habituellement li&eacute; 
&agrave; l'existence d'un propri&eacute;taire qui contr&ocirc;le l'utilisation 
du logiciel. Tant que ce lien existe, nous devons souvent faire face au choix 
d'un programme propri&eacute;taire ou pas de programme. Cependant, ce lien 
n'est pas inh&eacute;rent ou in&eacute;vitable; c'est une cons&eacute;quence 
d'une d&eacute;cision politique, l&eacute;gale et sociale sp&eacute;cifique, 
que nous contestons&nbsp;: la d&eacute;cision qu'il y ait des 
propri&eacute;taires. Formuler le choix entre logiciel propri&eacute;taire 
contre pas de logiciel, c'est faire une p&eacute;tition de principe."
+msgid ""
+"Given a system of software copyright, software development is usually linked "
+"with the existence of an owner who controls the software's use.  As long as "
+"this linkage exists, we are often faced with the choice of proprietary "
+"software or none.  However, this linkage is not inherent or inevitable; it "
+"is a consequence of the specific social/legal policy decision that we are "
+"questioning: the decision to have owners.  To formulate the choice as "
+"between proprietary software vs. no software is begging the question."
+msgstr ""
+"Dans un syst&egrave;me reconnaissant la propri&eacute;t&eacute; "
+"intellectuelle, le d&eacute;veloppement logiciel est habituellement "
+"li&eacute; &agrave; l'existence d'un propri&eacute;taire qui contr&ocirc;le "
+"l'utilisation du logiciel. Tant que ce lien existe, nous devons souvent "
+"faire face au choix d'un programme propri&eacute;taire ou pas de programme. "
+"Cependant, ce lien n'est pas inh&eacute;rent ou in&eacute;vitable; c'est une "
+"cons&eacute;quence d'une d&eacute;cision politique, l&eacute;gale et sociale "
+"sp&eacute;cifique, que nous contestons&nbsp;: la d&eacute;cision qu'il y ait "
+"des propri&eacute;taires. Formuler le choix entre logiciel propri&eacute;"
+"taire contre pas de logiciel, c'est faire une p&eacute;tition de principe."
 
 # type: Content of: <h3>
 msgid "The Argument against Having Owners"
 msgstr "L'argument contre le fait qu'il y ait des propri&eacute;taires"
 
 # type: Content of: <p>
-msgid "The question at hand is, &ldquo;Should development of software be 
linked with having owners to restrict the use of it?&rdquo;"
-msgstr "La question qu'il faut poser, c'est&nbsp;: &laquo;&nbsp;Est-ce que le 
d&eacute;veloppement de logiciels doit &ecirc;tre li&eacute; &agrave; un 
propri&eacute;taire qui en restreint l'usage&nbsp;?&nbsp;&raquo;"
+msgid ""
+"The question at hand is, &ldquo;Should development of software be linked "
+"with having owners to restrict the use of it?&rdquo;"
+msgstr ""
+"La question qu'il faut poser, c'est&nbsp;: &laquo;&nbsp;Est-ce que le "
+"d&eacute;veloppement de logiciels doit &ecirc;tre li&eacute; &agrave; un "
+"propri&eacute;taire qui en restreint l'usage&nbsp;?&nbsp;&raquo;"
 
 # type: Content of: <p>
-msgid "In order to decide this, we have to judge the effect on society of each 
of those two activities <em>independently</em>: the effect of developing the 
software (regardless of its terms of distribution), and the effect of 
restricting its use (assuming the software has been developed).  If one of 
these activities is helpful and the other is harmful, we would be better off 
dropping the linkage and doing only the helpful one."
-msgstr "Pour pouvoir en d&eacute;cider, il nous faut juger chaque effet des 
deux activit&eacute;s suivantes sur la soci&eacute;t&eacute;, 
<em>ind&eacute;pendamment</em>&nbsp;: l'effetdu d&eacute;veloppement de 
logiciels (ind&eacute;pendamment de ses termes de diffusion), et l'effet de la 
restriction de son emploi (supposant que le logiciel ait &eacute;t&eacute; 
d&eacute;velopp&eacute;). Si l'une de ces activit&eacute;s est utile et l'autre 
nocive, nous devrions les dissocier et nous lancer uniquement dans la 
premi&egrave;re."
+msgid ""
+"In order to decide this, we have to judge the effect on society of each of "
+"those two activities <em>independently</em>: the effect of developing the "
+"software (regardless of its terms of distribution), and the effect of "
+"restricting its use (assuming the software has been developed).  If one of "
+"these activities is helpful and the other is harmful, we would be better off "
+"dropping the linkage and doing only the helpful one."
+msgstr ""
+"Pour pouvoir en d&eacute;cider, il nous faut juger chaque effet des deux "
+"activit&eacute;s suivantes sur la soci&eacute;t&eacute;, <em>ind&eacute;"
+"pendamment</em>&nbsp;: l'effetdu d&eacute;veloppement de logiciels "
+"(ind&eacute;pendamment de ses termes de diffusion), et l'effet de la "
+"restriction de son emploi (supposant que le logiciel ait &eacute;t&eacute; "
+"d&eacute;velopp&eacute;). Si l'une de ces activit&eacute;s est utile et "
+"l'autre nocive, nous devrions les dissocier et nous lancer uniquement dans "
+"la premi&egrave;re."
 
 # type: Content of: <p>
-msgid "To put it another way, if restricting the distribution of a program 
already developed is harmful to society overall, then an ethical software 
developer will reject the option of doing so."
-msgstr "En d'autres termes, si restreindre la distribution d'un logiciel 
d&eacute;j&agrave; d&eacute;velopp&eacute; est pr&eacute;judiciable &agrave; la 
soci&eacute;t&eacute; dans son ensemble, alors un d&eacute;veloppeur moral 
rejettera cette activit&eacute;."
+msgid ""
+"To put it another way, if restricting the distribution of a program already "
+"developed is harmful to society overall, then an ethical software developer "
+"will reject the option of doing so."
+msgstr ""
+"En d'autres termes, si restreindre la distribution d'un logiciel d&eacute;"
+"j&agrave; d&eacute;velopp&eacute; est pr&eacute;judiciable &agrave; la "
+"soci&eacute;t&eacute; dans son ensemble, alors un d&eacute;veloppeur moral "
+"rejettera cette activit&eacute;."
 
 # type: Content of: <p>
-msgid "To determine the effect of restricting sharing, we need to compare the 
value to society of a restricted (i.e., proprietary) program with that of the 
same program, available to everyone.  This means comparing two possible worlds."
-msgstr "Pour d&eacute;terminer l'effet de la restriction du partage, nous 
avons besoin de comparer la valeur, pour la soci&eacute;t&eacute;, d'un 
programme restreint (par ex. propri&eacute;taire) avec le m&ecirc;me programme, 
mais disponible pour tout le monde. Ce qui signifie comparer deux mondes 
possibles."
+msgid ""
+"To determine the effect of restricting sharing, we need to compare the value "
+"to society of a restricted (i.e., proprietary) program with that of the same "
+"program, available to everyone.  This means comparing two possible worlds."
+msgstr ""
+"Pour d&eacute;terminer l'effet de la restriction du partage, nous avons "
+"besoin de comparer la valeur, pour la soci&eacute;t&eacute;, d'un programme "
+"restreint (par ex. propri&eacute;taire) avec le m&ecirc;me programme, mais "
+"disponible pour tout le monde. Ce qui signifie comparer deux mondes "
+"possibles."
 
 # type: Content of: <p>
-msgid "This analysis also addresses the simple counterargument sometimes made 
that &ldquo;the benefit to the neighbor of giving him or her a copy of a 
program is cancelled by the harm done to the owner.&rdquo; This counterargument 
assumes that the harm and the benefit are equal in magnitude.  The analysis 
involves comparing these magnitudes, and shows that the benefit is much 
greater."
-msgstr "Cette analyse met aussi en exergue le simple contre-argument qui est 
parfois soulev&eacute; que &laquo;&nbsp;le b&eacute;n&eacute;fice pour le 
voisin en lui donnant unecopie d'un logiciel est annul&eacute; par le 
pr&eacute;judice fait au propri&eacute;taire&nbsp;&raquo;. Ce contre-argument 
suppose que les inconv&eacute;nients et b&eacute;n&eacute;fices sont 
&eacute;quivalents dans leur ampleur. L'analyse implique de comparer ces 
&eacute;tendues et elle montre que les b&eacute;n&eacute;fices sont bien plus 
importants."
+msgid ""
+"This analysis also addresses the simple counterargument sometimes made that "
+"&ldquo;the benefit to the neighbor of giving him or her a copy of a program "
+"is cancelled by the harm done to the owner.&rdquo; This counterargument "
+"assumes that the harm and the benefit are equal in magnitude.  The analysis "
+"involves comparing these magnitudes, and shows that the benefit is much "
+"greater."
+msgstr ""
+"Cette analyse met aussi en exergue le simple contre-argument qui est parfois "
+"soulev&eacute; que &laquo;&nbsp;le b&eacute;n&eacute;fice pour le voisin en "
+"lui donnant unecopie d'un logiciel est annul&eacute; par le pr&eacute;judice "
+"fait au propri&eacute;taire&nbsp;&raquo;. Ce contre-argument suppose que les "
+"inconv&eacute;nients et b&eacute;n&eacute;fices sont &eacute;quivalents dans "
+"leur ampleur. L'analyse implique de comparer ces &eacute;tendues et elle "
+"montre que les b&eacute;n&eacute;fices sont bien plus importants."
 
 # type: Content of: <p>
-msgid "To elucidate this argument, let's apply it in another area: road 
construction."
-msgstr "Pour mettre en lumi&egrave;re cet argument, prenons un autre domaine 
d'application&nbsp;: la construction routi&egrave;re."
+msgid ""
+"To elucidate this argument, let's apply it in another area: road "
+"construction."
+msgstr ""
+"Pour mettre en lumi&egrave;re cet argument, prenons un autre domaine "
+"d'application&nbsp;: la construction routi&egrave;re."
 
 # type: Content of: <p>
-msgid "It would be possible to fund the construction of all roads with tolls. 
This would entail having toll booths at all street corners.  Such a system 
would provide a great incentive to improve roads.  It would also have the 
virtue of causing the users of any given road to pay for that road.  However, a 
toll booth is an artificial obstruction to smooth driving&mdash;artificial, 
because it is not a consequence of how roads or cars work."
-msgstr "Il serait possible de financer la contruction de toutes les routes 
avec des p&eacute;ages. Ce qui entra&icirc;nerait d'avoir des postes de 
p&eacute;age &agrave; tous les coins de rues. Un tel syst&egrave;me inciterait 
grandement &agrave; am&eacute;liorer l'&eacute;tat des routes. Il aurait aussi 
comme vertu de faire payer l'usager de la route concern&eacute;e. Cependant, le 
p&eacute;age n'est qu'une entrave artificielle &agrave; la fluidit&eacute; du 
trafic, artificielle dans le sens o&ugrave; elle n'est pas une 
cons&eacute;quence du fonctionnement des routes et des voitures."
+msgid ""
+"It would be possible to fund the construction of all roads with tolls. This "
+"would entail having toll booths at all street corners.  Such a system would "
+"provide a great incentive to improve roads.  It would also have the virtue "
+"of causing the users of any given road to pay for that road.  However, a "
+"toll booth is an artificial obstruction to smooth driving&mdash;artificial, "
+"because it is not a consequence of how roads or cars work."
+msgstr ""
+"Il serait possible de financer la contruction de toutes les routes avec des "
+"p&eacute;ages. Ce qui entra&icirc;nerait d'avoir des postes de p&eacute;age "
+"&agrave; tous les coins de rues. Un tel syst&egrave;me inciterait grandement "
+"&agrave; am&eacute;liorer l'&eacute;tat des routes. Il aurait aussi comme "
+"vertu de faire payer l'usager de la route concern&eacute;e. Cependant, le "
+"p&eacute;age n'est qu'une entrave artificielle &agrave; la fluidit&eacute; "
+"du trafic, artificielle dans le sens o&ugrave; elle n'est pas une "
+"cons&eacute;quence du fonctionnement des routes et des voitures."
 
 # type: Content of: <p>
-msgid "Comparing free roads and toll roads by their usefulness, we find that 
(all else being equal) roads without toll booths are cheaper to construct, 
cheaper to run, safer, and more efficient to use.<a href=\"#f2\">(2)</a> In a 
poor country, tolls may make the roads unavailable to many citizens.  The roads 
without toll booths thus offer more benefit to society at less cost; they are 
preferable for society.  Therefore, society should choose to fund roads in 
another way, not by means of toll booths.  Use of roads, once built, should be 
free."
-msgstr "Si on compare les routes avec ou sans p&eacute;age, nous voyons que 
(si tout se d&eacute;roule normalement) les routes sans p&eacute;age sont 
meilleur march&eacute; &agrave; construire et &agrave; maintenir, plus 
s&ucirc;res et plus efficaces &agrave; emprunter. <a href=\"#2\">(2)</a> Dans 
les pays pauvres, les postes de p&eacute;age rendent les routes inaccessibles 
&agrave; bien des citoyens. Les routes sans p&eacute;age offrent ainsi plus de 
b&eacute;n&eacute;fices &agrave; moindre co&ucirc;t&nbsp;; elles sont 
pr&eacute;f&eacute;rables pour la soci&eacute;t&eacute;. C'est pourquoi la 
soci&eacute;t&eacute; devrait trouver d'autres moyens de financer les routes, 
sans recourir aux p&eacute;ages. L'usage des routes, une fois construites, 
devrait &ecirc;tre libre."
+msgid ""
+"Comparing free roads and toll roads by their usefulness, we find that (all "
+"else being equal) roads without toll booths are cheaper to construct, "
+"cheaper to run, safer, and more efficient to use.<a href=\"#f2\">(2)</a> In "
+"a poor country, tolls may make the roads unavailable to many citizens.  The "
+"roads without toll booths thus offer more benefit to society at less cost; "
+"they are preferable for society.  Therefore, society should choose to fund "
+"roads in another way, not by means of toll booths.  Use of roads, once "
+"built, should be free."
+msgstr ""
+"Si on compare les routes avec ou sans p&eacute;age, nous voyons que (si tout "
+"se d&eacute;roule normalement) les routes sans p&eacute;age sont meilleur "
+"march&eacute; &agrave; construire et &agrave; maintenir, plus s&ucirc;res et "
+"plus efficaces &agrave; emprunter. <a href=\"#2\">(2)</a> Dans les pays "
+"pauvres, les postes de p&eacute;age rendent les routes inaccessibles "
+"&agrave; bien des citoyens. Les routes sans p&eacute;age offrent ainsi plus "
+"de b&eacute;n&eacute;fices &agrave; moindre co&ucirc;t&nbsp;; elles sont "
+"pr&eacute;f&eacute;rables pour la soci&eacute;t&eacute;. C'est pourquoi la "
+"soci&eacute;t&eacute; devrait trouver d'autres moyens de financer les "
+"routes, sans recourir aux p&eacute;ages. L'usage des routes, une fois "
+"construites, devrait &ecirc;tre libre."
 
 # type: Content of: <p>
-msgid "When the advocates of toll booths propose them as <em>merely</em> a way 
of raising funds, they distort the choice that is available.  Toll booths do 
raise funds, but they do something else as well: in effect, they degrade the 
road.  The toll road is not as good as the free road; giving us more or 
technically superior roads may not be an improvement if this means substituting 
toll roads for free roads."
-msgstr "Quand les partisans des postes de p&eacute;age les proposent comme 
&eacute;tant <em>simplement</em> une fa&ccedil;on de lever des fonds, ils 
d&eacute;forment le choix offert. Les postes de p&eacute;age, effectivement, 
permettent de r&eacute;colter des fonds, mais elles occasionnent aussi autre 
chose&nbsp;: elles d&eacute;gradent les routes. La route &agrave; p&eacute;age 
n'est pas aussi bonne que celle sans p&eacute;age; nous donner plus de routes 
ou sup&eacute;rieures sur le plan technique, n'est peut-&ecirc;tre pas une 
am&eacute;lioration si cela signifie substituer aux routes gratuites des routes 
&agrave; p&eacute;age."
+msgid ""
+"When the advocates of toll booths propose them as <em>merely</em> a way of "
+"raising funds, they distort the choice that is available.  Toll booths do "
+"raise funds, but they do something else as well: in effect, they degrade the "
+"road.  The toll road is not as good as the free road; giving us more or "
+"technically superior roads may not be an improvement if this means "
+"substituting toll roads for free roads."
+msgstr ""
+"Quand les partisans des postes de p&eacute;age les proposent comme &eacute;"
+"tant <em>simplement</em> une fa&ccedil;on de lever des fonds, ils d&eacute;"
+"forment le choix offert. Les postes de p&eacute;age, effectivement, "
+"permettent de r&eacute;colter des fonds, mais elles occasionnent aussi autre "
+"chose&nbsp;: elles d&eacute;gradent les routes. La route &agrave; p&eacute;"
+"age n'est pas aussi bonne que celle sans p&eacute;age; nous donner plus de "
+"routes ou sup&eacute;rieures sur le plan technique, n'est peut-&ecirc;tre "
+"pas une am&eacute;lioration si cela signifie substituer aux routes gratuites "
+"des routes &agrave; p&eacute;age."
 
 # type: Content of: <p>
-msgid "Of course, the construction of a free road does cost money, which the 
public must somehow pay.  However, this does not imply the inevitability of 
toll booths.  We who must in either case pay will get more value for our money 
by buying a free road."
-msgstr "Bien entendu, construire des routes sans p&eacute;age co&ucirc;te de 
l'argent, que, d'une fa&ccedil;on ou d'une autre, le public doit payer. Mais ce 
n'est pas ce qui, in&eacute;vitablement, implique des postes de p&eacute;age. 
Nous, qui dans un cas comme dans l'autre, devrons payer, aurons tout 
int&eacute;r&ecirc;t pour notre porte-monnaie &agrave; acheter des routes sans 
p&eacute;age."
+msgid ""
+"Of course, the construction of a free road does cost money, which the public "
+"must somehow pay.  However, this does not imply the inevitability of toll "
+"booths.  We who must in either case pay will get more value for our money by "
+"buying a free road."
+msgstr ""
+"Bien entendu, construire des routes sans p&eacute;age co&ucirc;te de "
+"l'argent, que, d'une fa&ccedil;on ou d'une autre, le public doit payer. Mais "
+"ce n'est pas ce qui, in&eacute;vitablement, implique des postes de p&eacute;"
+"age. Nous, qui dans un cas comme dans l'autre, devrons payer, aurons tout "
+"int&eacute;r&ecirc;t pour notre porte-monnaie &agrave; acheter des routes "
+"sans p&eacute;age."
 
 # type: Content of: <p>
-msgid "I am not saying that a toll road is worse than no road at all.  That 
would be true if the toll were so great that hardly anyone used the 
road&mdash;but this is an unlikely policy for a toll collector.  However, as 
long as the toll booths cause significant waste and inconvenience, it is better 
to raise the funds in a less obstructive fashion."
-msgstr "Je ne suis pas en train de dire que les routes &agrave; p&eacute;age 
sont pires que pas de route du tout. Ce serait vrai si les p&eacute;ages 
&eacute;taient tels que presque personne n'emprunterait la route 
&mdash;&nbsp;mais ce n'est pas une politique plausible pour un collecteur de 
p&eacute;age. Cependant, tant que les postes de p&eacute;age causeront des 
gaspillages et des inconv&eacute;nients significatifs, il est plus avantageux 
de lever des fonds de fa&ccedil;on moins obstructive."
+msgid ""
+"I am not saying that a toll road is worse than no road at all.  That would "
+"be true if the toll were so great that hardly anyone used the road&mdash;but "
+"this is an unlikely policy for a toll collector.  However, as long as the "
+"toll booths cause significant waste and inconvenience, it is better to raise "
+"the funds in a less obstructive fashion."
+msgstr ""
+"Je ne suis pas en train de dire que les routes &agrave; p&eacute;age sont "
+"pires que pas de route du tout. Ce serait vrai si les p&eacute;ages &eacute;"
+"taient tels que presque personne n'emprunterait la route &mdash;&nbsp;mais "
+"ce n'est pas une politique plausible pour un collecteur de p&eacute;age. "
+"Cependant, tant que les postes de p&eacute;age causeront des gaspillages et "
+"des inconv&eacute;nients significatifs, il est plus avantageux de lever des "
+"fonds de fa&ccedil;on moins obstructive."
 
 # type: Content of: <p>
-msgid "To apply the same argument to software development, I will now show 
that having &ldquo;toll booths&rdquo; for useful software programs costs 
society dearly: it makes the programs more expensive to construct, more 
expensive to distribute, and less satisfying and efficient to use.  It will 
follow that program construction should be encouraged in some other way.  Then 
I will go on to explain other methods of encouraging and (to the extent 
actually necessary) funding software development."
-msgstr "Pour appliquer ce m&ecirc;me argument au d&eacute;veloppement 
logiciel, je vais maintenant montrer que d'avoir des &laquo;&nbsp;postes de 
p&eacute;age&nbsp;&raquo; sur des logiciels utiles, co&ucirc;te cher &agrave; 
la soci&eacute;t&eacute;&nbsp;: cela rend le programme plus co&ucirc;teux 
&agrave; &eacute;laborer, plus cher &agrave; distribuer et moins satisfaisant 
et efficace &agrave; utiliser. Je poursuivrai en disant que la construction du 
programme devra &ecirc;tre encourag&eacute;e autrement. Puis je m'attacherai 
&agrave; pr&eacute;senter d'autres m&eacute;thodes d'encouragement et de 
financement du d&eacute;veloppement logiciel (dans la mesure r&eacute;ellement 
n&eacute;cessaire)."
+msgid ""
+"To apply the same argument to software development, I will now show that "
+"having &ldquo;toll booths&rdquo; for useful software programs costs society "
+"dearly: it makes the programs more expensive to construct, more expensive to "
+"distribute, and less satisfying and efficient to use.  It will follow that "
+"program construction should be encouraged in some other way.  Then I will go "
+"on to explain other methods of encouraging and (to the extent actually "
+"necessary) funding software development."
+msgstr ""
+"Pour appliquer ce m&ecirc;me argument au d&eacute;veloppement logiciel, je "
+"vais maintenant montrer que d'avoir des &laquo;&nbsp;postes de p&eacute;"
+"age&nbsp;&raquo; sur des logiciels utiles, co&ucirc;te cher &agrave; la "
+"soci&eacute;t&eacute;&nbsp;: cela rend le programme plus co&ucirc;teux "
+"&agrave; &eacute;laborer, plus cher &agrave; distribuer et moins "
+"satisfaisant et efficace &agrave; utiliser. Je poursuivrai en disant que la "
+"construction du programme devra &ecirc;tre encourag&eacute;e autrement. Puis "
+"je m'attacherai &agrave; pr&eacute;senter d'autres m&eacute;thodes "
+"d'encouragement et de financement du d&eacute;veloppement logiciel (dans la "
+"mesure r&eacute;ellement n&eacute;cessaire)."
 
 # type: Content of: <h4>
 msgid "The Harm Done by Obstructing Software"
 msgstr "Le tort fait en entravant le logiciel"
 
 # type: Content of: <p>
-msgid "Consider for a moment that a program has been developed, and any 
necessary payments for its development have been made; now society must choose 
either to make it proprietary or allow free sharing and use.  Assume that the 
existence of the program and its availability is a desirable thing.<a 
href=\"#f3\">(3)</a>"
-msgstr "Consid&eacute;rez un instant un programme qui a &eacute;t&eacute; 
d&eacute;velopp&eacute; et dont tous les financements n&eacute;cessaires 
&agrave; son &eacute;laboration ont &eacute;t&eacute; pris&nbsp;; maintenant, 
la soci&eacute;t&eacute; doit faire le choix entre le rendre 
propri&eacute;taire ou le rendre libre d'utilisation et de partage. 
Supposezqu'il est d&eacute;sir&eacute; que ce programme existe et soit 
disponible.<a href=\"#3\">(3)</a>"
+msgid ""
+"Consider for a moment that a program has been developed, and any necessary "
+"payments for its development have been made; now society must choose either "
+"to make it proprietary or allow free sharing and use.  Assume that the "
+"existence of the program and its availability is a desirable thing.<a href="
+"\"#f3\">(3)</a>"
+msgstr ""
+"Consid&eacute;rez un instant un programme qui a &eacute;t&eacute; d&eacute;"
+"velopp&eacute; et dont tous les financements n&eacute;cessaires &agrave; son "
+"&eacute;laboration ont &eacute;t&eacute; pris&nbsp;; maintenant, la "
+"soci&eacute;t&eacute; doit faire le choix entre le rendre propri&eacute;"
+"taire ou le rendre libre d'utilisation et de partage. Supposezqu'il est "
+"d&eacute;sir&eacute; que ce programme existe et soit disponible.<a href=\"#3"
+"\">(3)</a>"
 
 # type: Content of: <p>
-msgid "Restrictions on the distribution and modification of the program cannot 
facilitate its use.  They can only interfere.  So the effect can only be 
negative.  But how much? And what kind?"
-msgstr "Les restrictions sur la distribution et la modification du programme 
ne facilitent pas son utilisation. Elles ne peuvent qu'interf&eacute;rer. 
Ainsi, l'effet ne peut avoir qu'un impact n&eacute;gatif. Mais jusqu'&agrave; 
quel point&nbsp;? Et de quelle mani&egrave;re&nbsp;?"
+msgid ""
+"Restrictions on the distribution and modification of the program cannot "
+"facilitate its use.  They can only interfere.  So the effect can only be "
+"negative.  But how much? And what kind?"
+msgstr ""
+"Les restrictions sur la distribution et la modification du programme ne "
+"facilitent pas son utilisation. Elles ne peuvent qu'interf&eacute;rer. "
+"Ainsi, l'effet ne peut avoir qu'un impact n&eacute;gatif. Mais "
+"jusqu'&agrave; quel point&nbsp;? Et de quelle mani&egrave;re&nbsp;?"
 
 # type: Content of: <p>
 msgid "Three different levels of material harm come from such obstruction:"
-msgstr "On distingue trois niveaux de pr&eacute;judice mat&eacute;riel dans ce 
genre d'entrave&nbsp;:"
+msgstr ""
+"On distingue trois niveaux de pr&eacute;judice mat&eacute;riel dans ce genre "
+"d'entrave&nbsp;:"
 
 # type: Content of: <ul><li>
 msgid "Fewer people use the program."
@@ -165,91 +472,313 @@
 
 # type: Content of: <ul><li>
 msgid "Other developers cannot learn from the program, or base new work on it."
-msgstr "Les autres d&eacute;veloppeurs ne peuvent rien apprendre du programme 
ou encore d&eacute;marrer un nouveau travail en se basant dessus."
+msgstr ""
+"Les autres d&eacute;veloppeurs ne peuvent rien apprendre du programme ou "
+"encore d&eacute;marrer un nouveau travail en se basant dessus."
 
 # type: Content of: <p>
-msgid "Each level of material harm has a concomitant form of psychosocial 
harm. This refers to the effect that people's decisions have on their 
subsequent feelings, attitudes, and predispositions.  These changes in people's 
ways of thinking will then have a further effect on their relationships with 
their fellow citizens, and can have material consequences."
-msgstr "Chaque niveau de pr&eacute;judice mat&eacute;riel est concomitant 
&agrave; un pr&eacute;judice psycho-social. Cela se r&eacute;f&egrave;re aux 
effets qu'ont les d&eacute;cisions des gens sur leurs sentiments, attitudes et 
pr&eacute;dispositions futurs. Ces changements dans la fa&ccedil;on de penser 
des gens auront par la suite un effet sur leurs relations avec leurs 
concitoyens et peuvent avoir des cons&eacute;quences mat&eacute;rielles."
+msgid ""
+"Each level of material harm has a concomitant form of psychosocial harm. "
+"This refers to the effect that people's decisions have on their subsequent "
+"feelings, attitudes, and predispositions.  These changes in people's ways of "
+"thinking will then have a further effect on their relationships with their "
+"fellow citizens, and can have material consequences."
+msgstr ""
+"Chaque niveau de pr&eacute;judice mat&eacute;riel est concomitant &agrave; "
+"un pr&eacute;judice psycho-social. Cela se r&eacute;f&egrave;re aux effets "
+"qu'ont les d&eacute;cisions des gens sur leurs sentiments, attitudes et "
+"pr&eacute;dispositions futurs. Ces changements dans la fa&ccedil;on de "
+"penser des gens auront par la suite un effet sur leurs relations avec leurs "
+"concitoyens et peuvent avoir des cons&eacute;quences mat&eacute;rielles."
 
 # type: Content of: <p>
-msgid "The three levels of material harm waste part of the value that the 
program could contribute, but they cannot reduce it to zero.  If they waste 
nearly all the value of the program, then writing the program harms society by 
at most the effort that went into writing the program.  Arguably a program that 
is profitable to sell must provide some net direct material benefit."
-msgstr "Les trois niveaux de pr&eacute;judice mat&eacute;riel gaspillent une 
partie de la valeur que le programme pourrait offrir, mais ne peuvent la 
r&eacute;duire &agrave; z&eacute;ro. S'ils gaspillent la presque 
totalit&eacute; de la valeur du programme, alors l'&eacute;criture du programme 
cause du tort &agrave; la soci&eacute;t&eacute;, au plus &agrave; hauteur de 
l'effort qu'il a fallu fournir pour &eacute;crire ce programme. En effet, un 
programme dont la vente g&eacute;n&egrave;re des profits fournit s&ucirc;rement 
un net b&eacute;n&eacute;fice mat&eacute;riel direct."
+msgid ""
+"The three levels of material harm waste part of the value that the program "
+"could contribute, but they cannot reduce it to zero.  If they waste nearly "
+"all the value of the program, then writing the program harms society by at "
+"most the effort that went into writing the program.  Arguably a program that "
+"is profitable to sell must provide some net direct material benefit."
+msgstr ""
+"Les trois niveaux de pr&eacute;judice mat&eacute;riel gaspillent une partie "
+"de la valeur que le programme pourrait offrir, mais ne peuvent la r&eacute;"
+"duire &agrave; z&eacute;ro. S'ils gaspillent la presque totalit&eacute; de "
+"la valeur du programme, alors l'&eacute;criture du programme cause du tort "
+"&agrave; la soci&eacute;t&eacute;, au plus &agrave; hauteur de l'effort "
+"qu'il a fallu fournir pour &eacute;crire ce programme. En effet, un "
+"programme dont la vente g&eacute;n&egrave;re des profits fournit s&ucirc;"
+"rement un net b&eacute;n&eacute;fice mat&eacute;riel direct."
 
 # type: Content of: <p>
-msgid "However, taking account of the concomitant psychosocial harm, there is 
no limit to the harm that proprietary software development can do."
-msgstr "Cependant, tenant compte des pr&eacute;judices psycho-sociaux 
concomitants, il n'y a pas de limite au pr&eacute;judice que peut provoquer le 
d&eacute;veloppement d'un logiciel propri&eacute;taire."
+msgid ""
+"However, taking account of the concomitant psychosocial harm, there is no "
+"limit to the harm that proprietary software development can do."
+msgstr ""
+"Cependant, tenant compte des pr&eacute;judices psycho-sociaux concomitants, "
+"il n'y a pas de limite au pr&eacute;judice que peut provoquer le d&eacute;"
+"veloppement d'un logiciel propri&eacute;taire."
 
 # type: Content of: <h4>
 msgid "Obstructing Use of Programs"
 msgstr "L'entrave &agrave; l'utilisation de programmes"
 
 # type: Content of: <p>
-msgid "The first level of harm impedes the simple use of a program.  A copy of 
a program has nearly zero marginal cost (and you can pay this cost by doing the 
work yourself), so in a free market, it would have nearly zero price.  A 
license fee is a significant disincentive to use the program.  If a 
widely-useful program is proprietary, far fewer people will use it."
-msgstr "Le premier niveau de pr&eacute;judice g&ecirc;ne le simple emploi d'un 
programme. Une copie d'un programme a pratiquement un co&ucirc;t marginal de 
z&eacute;ro (et ce prix, vous pouvez le payer en faisant le travail 
vous-m&ecirc;me), ce qui veut dire que, dans un march&eacute; libre, elle 
aurait un prix avoisinant z&eacute;ro. Une taxe via une licence est un 
d&eacute;couragement significatif &agrave; l'utilisation d'un programme. Si un 
logiciel largement utile est propri&eacute;taire, beaucoup moins de gens 
l'utiliseront."
+msgid ""
+"The first level of harm impedes the simple use of a program.  A copy of a "
+"program has nearly zero marginal cost (and you can pay this cost by doing "
+"the work yourself), so in a free market, it would have nearly zero price.  A "
+"license fee is a significant disincentive to use the program.  If a widely-"
+"useful program is proprietary, far fewer people will use it."
+msgstr ""
+"Le premier niveau de pr&eacute;judice g&ecirc;ne le simple emploi d'un "
+"programme. Une copie d'un programme a pratiquement un co&ucirc;t marginal de "
+"z&eacute;ro (et ce prix, vous pouvez le payer en faisant le travail vous-"
+"m&ecirc;me), ce qui veut dire que, dans un march&eacute; libre, elle aurait "
+"un prix avoisinant z&eacute;ro. Une taxe via une licence est un d&eacute;"
+"couragement significatif &agrave; l'utilisation d'un programme. Si un "
+"logiciel largement utile est propri&eacute;taire, beaucoup moins de gens "
+"l'utiliseront."
 
 # type: Content of: <p>
-msgid "It is easy to show that the total contribution of a program to society 
is reduced by assigning an owner to it.  Each potential user of the program, 
faced with the need to pay to use it, may choose to pay, or may forego use of 
the program.  When a user chooses to pay, this is a zero-sum transfer of wealth 
between two parties.  But each time someone chooses to forego use of the 
program, this harms that person without benefitting anyone.  The sum of 
negative numbers and zeros must be negative."
-msgstr "Il est facile de montrer que la contribution totale d'un programme 
&agrave; la soci&eacute;t&eacute; est r&eacute;duite si on lui assigne un 
propri&eacute;taire. Chaque utilisateur potentiel du logiciel, face &agrave; la 
n&eacute;cessit&eacute; de le payer pour l'utiliser, peut choisir de payer ou 
de renoncer &agrave; son usage. Si un utilisateur fait le choix de payer le 
programme, il y a un simple transfert de richesses entre deux parties. Mais 
chaque fois qu'une personne choisit d'outrepasser l'utilisation du programme, 
cela causedu tort &agrave; cette personne sans que quelqu'un y trouve son 
compte. La somme de nombres n&eacute;gatifs avec z&eacute;ro, &ccedil;a doit 
&ecirc;tre n&eacute;gatif."
+msgid ""
+"It is easy to show that the total contribution of a program to society is "
+"reduced by assigning an owner to it.  Each potential user of the program, "
+"faced with the need to pay to use it, may choose to pay, or may forego use "
+"of the program.  When a user chooses to pay, this is a zero-sum transfer of "
+"wealth between two parties.  But each time someone chooses to forego use of "
+"the program, this harms that person without benefitting anyone.  The sum of "
+"negative numbers and zeros must be negative."
+msgstr ""
+"Il est facile de montrer que la contribution totale d'un programme &agrave; "
+"la soci&eacute;t&eacute; est r&eacute;duite si on lui assigne un "
+"propri&eacute;taire. Chaque utilisateur potentiel du logiciel, face &agrave; "
+"la n&eacute;cessit&eacute; de le payer pour l'utiliser, peut choisir de "
+"payer ou de renoncer &agrave; son usage. Si un utilisateur fait le choix de "
+"payer le programme, il y a un simple transfert de richesses entre deux "
+"parties. Mais chaque fois qu'une personne choisit d'outrepasser "
+"l'utilisation du programme, cela causedu tort &agrave; cette personne sans "
+"que quelqu'un y trouve son compte. La somme de nombres n&eacute;gatifs avec "
+"z&eacute;ro, &ccedil;a doit &ecirc;tre n&eacute;gatif."
 
 # type: Content of: <p>
-msgid "But this does not reduce the amount of work it takes to 
<em>develop</em> the program.  As a result, the efficiency of the whole 
process, in delivered user satisfaction per hour of work, is reduced."
-msgstr "Mais cela ne r&eacute;duit pas la somme de travail qu'il faut pour 
<em>d&eacute;velopper</em> le programme. Donc l'efficacit&eacute; du processus, 
calcul&eacute;e en divisant la satisfaction des utilisateurs par le co&ucirc;t 
du d&eacute;veloppement, en est diminu&eacute;e."
+msgid ""
+"But this does not reduce the amount of work it takes to <em>develop</em> the "
+"program.  As a result, the efficiency of the whole process, in delivered "
+"user satisfaction per hour of work, is reduced."
+msgstr ""
+"Mais cela ne r&eacute;duit pas la somme de travail qu'il faut pour "
+"<em>d&eacute;velopper</em> le programme. Donc l'efficacit&eacute; du "
+"processus, calcul&eacute;e en divisant la satisfaction des utilisateurs par "
+"le co&ucirc;t du d&eacute;veloppement, en est diminu&eacute;e."
 
 # type: Content of: <p>
-msgid "This reflects a crucial difference between copies of programs and cars, 
chairs, or sandwiches.  There is no copying machine for material objects 
outside of science fiction.  But programs are easy to copy; anyone can produce 
as many copies as are wanted, with very little effort.  This isn't true for 
material objects because matter is conserved: each new copy has to be built 
from raw materials in the same way that the first copy was built."
-msgstr "Ceci refl&egrave;te la diff&eacute;rence cruciale entre la copie de 
programmes et celle de voitures, de chaises ou de sandwiches. &Agrave; part 
dans la science-fiction, il n'existe pas de machine pouvant reproduire les 
objets mat&eacute;riels. Mais les programmes sont faciles &agrave; copier; 
n'importe qui peut faire autant de copies que n&eacute;cessaire, sans gros 
effort. Ce qui n'est pas vrai dans le cas des objets mat&eacute;riels, vu que 
la mati&egrave;re est conserv&eacute;e&nbsp;: chaque copie n&eacute;cessite des 
mati&egrave;res premi&egrave;res, tout comme la premi&egrave;re."
+msgid ""
+"This reflects a crucial difference between copies of programs and cars, "
+"chairs, or sandwiches.  There is no copying machine for material objects "
+"outside of science fiction.  But programs are easy to copy; anyone can "
+"produce as many copies as are wanted, with very little effort.  This isn't "
+"true for material objects because matter is conserved: each new copy has to "
+"be built from raw materials in the same way that the first copy was built."
+msgstr ""
+"Ceci refl&egrave;te la diff&eacute;rence cruciale entre la copie de "
+"programmes et celle de voitures, de chaises ou de sandwiches. &Agrave; part "
+"dans la science-fiction, il n'existe pas de machine pouvant reproduire les "
+"objets mat&eacute;riels. Mais les programmes sont faciles &agrave; copier; "
+"n'importe qui peut faire autant de copies que n&eacute;cessaire, sans gros "
+"effort. Ce qui n'est pas vrai dans le cas des objets mat&eacute;riels, vu "
+"que la mati&egrave;re est conserv&eacute;e&nbsp;: chaque copie n&eacute;"
+"cessite des mati&egrave;res premi&egrave;res, tout comme la premi&egrave;re."
 
 # type: Content of: <p>
-msgid "With material objects, a disincentive to use them makes sense, because 
fewer objects bought means less raw material and work needed to make them.  
It's true that there is usually also a startup cost, a development cost, which 
is spread over the production run.  But as long as the marginal cost of 
production is significant, adding a share of the development cost does not make 
a qualitative difference.  And it does not require restrictions on the freedom 
of ordinary users."
-msgstr "En ce qui concerne les objets mat&eacute;riels, d&eacute;courager leur 
usage est logique, car moins d'objets signifie moins de mati&egrave;res 
premi&egrave;res, moins de travail pour les construire. C'est vrai qu'il faut 
un co&ucirc;t pour d&eacute;marrer, pour d&eacute;velopper, co&ucirc;t 
r&eacute;parti sur l'ensemble de la production. Mais tant que le co&ucirc;t 
marginal est significatif, y ajouter un pourcentage des co&ucirc;ts de 
d&eacute;veloppement ne provoque pas de diff&eacute;rence qualitative. Et cela 
ne n&eacute;cessite pas de restrictions sur la libert&eacute; des utilisateurs."
+msgid ""
+"With material objects, a disincentive to use them makes sense, because fewer "
+"objects bought means less raw material and work needed to make them.  It's "
+"true that there is usually also a startup cost, a development cost, which is "
+"spread over the production run.  But as long as the marginal cost of "
+"production is significant, adding a share of the development cost does not "
+"make a qualitative difference.  And it does not require restrictions on the "
+"freedom of ordinary users."
+msgstr ""
+"En ce qui concerne les objets mat&eacute;riels, d&eacute;courager leur usage "
+"est logique, car moins d'objets signifie moins de mati&egrave;res "
+"premi&egrave;res, moins de travail pour les construire. C'est vrai qu'il "
+"faut un co&ucirc;t pour d&eacute;marrer, pour d&eacute;velopper, co&ucirc;t "
+"r&eacute;parti sur l'ensemble de la production. Mais tant que le co&ucirc;t "
+"marginal est significatif, y ajouter un pourcentage des co&ucirc;ts de "
+"d&eacute;veloppement ne provoque pas de diff&eacute;rence qualitative. Et "
+"cela ne n&eacute;cessite pas de restrictions sur la libert&eacute; des "
+"utilisateurs."
 
 # type: Content of: <p>
-msgid "However, imposing a price on something that would otherwise be free is 
a qualitative change.  A centrally-imposed fee for software distribution 
becomes a powerful disincentive."
-msgstr "Cependant, imposer un prix &agrave; quelque chose qui, autrement, 
aurait pu &ecirc;tre gratuit, c'est un changement qualitatif. Une taxe 
impos&eacute;e, centralis&eacute;e, sur la distribution de logiciels devient 
fortement d&eacute;courageante."
+msgid ""
+"However, imposing a price on something that would otherwise be free is a "
+"qualitative change.  A centrally-imposed fee for software distribution "
+"becomes a powerful disincentive."
+msgstr ""
+"Cependant, imposer un prix &agrave; quelque chose qui, autrement, aurait pu "
+"&ecirc;tre gratuit, c'est un changement qualitatif. Une taxe impos&eacute;e, "
+"centralis&eacute;e, sur la distribution de logiciels devient fortement "
+"d&eacute;courageante."
 
 # type: Content of: <p>
-msgid "What's more, central production as now practiced is inefficient even as 
a means of delivering copies of software.  This system involves enclosing 
physical disks or tapes in superfluous packaging, shipping large numbers of 
them around the world, and storing them for sale.  This cost is presented as an 
expense of doing business; in truth, it is part of the waste caused by having 
owners."
-msgstr "De plus, la production centrale, telle qu'elle est pratiqu&eacute;e de 
nos jours, est inefficace, y compris dans son r&ocirc;le de fournisseur de 
copies de logiciels. Ce syst&egrave;me implique d'empaqueter des disquettes ou 
des bandes dans un emballage superflu, de les envoyer en nombre dans le monde 
entier puis de les stocker avant leur vente. Ces co&ucirc;ts sont 
pr&eacute;sent&eacute;s comme &eacute;tant le prix &agrave; payer pour faire 
des affaires&nbsp;; en v&eacute;rit&eacute;, ils font partie du gaspillage 
caus&eacute; par la pr&eacute;sence d'un propri&eacute;taire."
+msgid ""
+"What's more, central production as now practiced is inefficient even as a "
+"means of delivering copies of software.  This system involves enclosing "
+"physical disks or tapes in superfluous packaging, shipping large numbers of "
+"them around the world, and storing them for sale.  This cost is presented as "
+"an expense of doing business; in truth, it is part of the waste caused by "
+"having owners."
+msgstr ""
+"De plus, la production centrale, telle qu'elle est pratiqu&eacute;e de nos "
+"jours, est inefficace, y compris dans son r&ocirc;le de fournisseur de "
+"copies de logiciels. Ce syst&egrave;me implique d'empaqueter des disquettes "
+"ou des bandes dans un emballage superflu, de les envoyer en nombre dans le "
+"monde entier puis de les stocker avant leur vente. Ces co&ucirc;ts sont "
+"pr&eacute;sent&eacute;s comme &eacute;tant le prix &agrave; payer pour faire "
+"des affaires&nbsp;; en v&eacute;rit&eacute;, ils font partie du gaspillage "
+"caus&eacute; par la pr&eacute;sence d'un propri&eacute;taire."
 
 # type: Content of: <h4>
 msgid "Damaging Social Cohesion"
 msgstr "Endommager la coh&eacute;sion sociale"
 
 # type: Content of: <p>
-msgid "Suppose that both you and your neighbor would find it useful to run a 
certain program.  In ethical concern for your neighbor, you should feel that 
proper handling of the situation will enable both of you to use it.  A proposal 
to permit only one of you to use the program, while restraining the other, is 
divisive; neither you nor your neighbor should find it acceptable."
-msgstr "Supposons que vous et votre voisin trouviez utile de faire tourner un 
certain programme. Dans un souci moral pour votre voisin, vous devriez sentir 
que la fa&ccedil;on correcte d'appr&eacute;hender la situation, est de 
permettre une utilisation de ce logiciel par vous deux. S'il n'y avait la 
possibilit&eacute; que pour un seul d'entre vous de faire tourner ceprogramme, 
il y aurait division&nbsp;; ni vous, ni votre voisin ne trouveriez cela 
acceptable."
+msgid ""
+"Suppose that both you and your neighbor would find it useful to run a "
+"certain program.  In ethical concern for your neighbor, you should feel that "
+"proper handling of the situation will enable both of you to use it.  A "
+"proposal to permit only one of you to use the program, while restraining the "
+"other, is divisive; neither you nor your neighbor should find it acceptable."
+msgstr ""
+"Supposons que vous et votre voisin trouviez utile de faire tourner un "
+"certain programme. Dans un souci moral pour votre voisin, vous devriez "
+"sentir que la fa&ccedil;on correcte d'appr&eacute;hender la situation, est "
+"de permettre une utilisation de ce logiciel par vous deux. S'il n'y avait la "
+"possibilit&eacute; que pour un seul d'entre vous de faire tourner "
+"ceprogramme, il y aurait division&nbsp;; ni vous, ni votre voisin ne "
+"trouveriez cela acceptable."
 
 # type: Content of: <p>
-msgid "Signing a typical software license agreement means betraying your 
neighbor: &ldquo;I promise to deprive my neighbor of this program so that I can 
have a copy for myself.&rdquo; People who make such choices feel internal 
psychological pressure to justify them, by downgrading the importance of 
helping one's neighbors&mdash;thus public spirit suffers. This is psychosocial 
harm associated with the material harm of discouraging use of the program."
-msgstr "Signer un accord de licence logicielle typique revient &agrave; trahir 
votre voisin&nbsp;: &laquo;&nbsp;je fais la promesse de priver mon voisin de ce 
programme, ainsi je peux en avoir une copie pour moi-m&ecirc;me&nbsp;&raquo;. 
Les gens qui font de tels choix ressentent une pression psychologique interne 
pour se justifier, en diminuant l'importance d'aider leur voisin 
&mdash;&nbsp;c'est comme cela que le sens civique souffre. C'est un 
pr&eacute;judice psycho-social associ&eacute; au pr&eacute;judice 
mat&eacute;riel de d&eacute;courager l'utilisation du logiciel."
+msgid ""
+"Signing a typical software license agreement means betraying your neighbor: "
+"&ldquo;I promise to deprive my neighbor of this program so that I can have a "
+"copy for myself.&rdquo; People who make such choices feel internal "
+"psychological pressure to justify them, by downgrading the importance of "
+"helping one's neighbors&mdash;thus public spirit suffers. This is "
+"psychosocial harm associated with the material harm of discouraging use of "
+"the program."
+msgstr ""
+"Signer un accord de licence logicielle typique revient &agrave; trahir votre "
+"voisin&nbsp;: &laquo;&nbsp;je fais la promesse de priver mon voisin de ce "
+"programme, ainsi je peux en avoir une copie pour moi-m&ecirc;me&nbsp;"
+"&raquo;. Les gens qui font de tels choix ressentent une pression "
+"psychologique interne pour se justifier, en diminuant l'importance d'aider "
+"leur voisin &mdash;&nbsp;c'est comme cela que le sens civique souffre. C'est "
+"un pr&eacute;judice psycho-social associ&eacute; au pr&eacute;judice "
+"mat&eacute;riel de d&eacute;courager l'utilisation du logiciel."
 
 # type: Content of: <p>
-msgid "Many users unconsciously recognize the wrong of refusing to share, so 
they decide to ignore the licenses and laws, and share programs anyway.  But 
they often feel guilty about doing so.  They know that they must break the laws 
in order to be good neighbors, but they still consider the laws authoritative, 
and they conclude that being a good neighbor (which they are) is naughty or 
shameful.  That is also a kind of psychosocial harm, but one can escape it by 
deciding that these licenses and laws have no moral force."
-msgstr "Beaucoup d'utilisateurs reconnaissent inconsciemment le tort de 
refuser le partage&nbsp;; ils d&eacute;cident alors d'ignorer les licences et 
les lois, et de partager tout de m&ecirc;me les programmes. Mais ils s'en 
sentent souvent coupables. Ils savent qu'ils doivent enfreindre la loi pour 
&ecirc;tre de bons voisins, mais ils continuent de penser que les lois font 
autorit&eacute; et concluent qu'&ecirc;tre un bon voisin (ce qu'ils sont), 
c'est vilain et honteux. C'est aussi une forme de pr&eacute;judice 
psycho-social, mais on peut y &eacute;chapper en prenant la d&eacute;cision que 
ces licences et ces lois n'ont pas de force morale."
+msgid ""
+"Many users unconsciously recognize the wrong of refusing to share, so they "
+"decide to ignore the licenses and laws, and share programs anyway.  But they "
+"often feel guilty about doing so.  They know that they must break the laws "
+"in order to be good neighbors, but they still consider the laws "
+"authoritative, and they conclude that being a good neighbor (which they are) "
+"is naughty or shameful.  That is also a kind of psychosocial harm, but one "
+"can escape it by deciding that these licenses and laws have no moral force."
+msgstr ""
+"Beaucoup d'utilisateurs reconnaissent inconsciemment le tort de refuser le "
+"partage&nbsp;; ils d&eacute;cident alors d'ignorer les licences et les lois, "
+"et de partager tout de m&ecirc;me les programmes. Mais ils s'en sentent "
+"souvent coupables. Ils savent qu'ils doivent enfreindre la loi pour &ecirc;"
+"tre de bons voisins, mais ils continuent de penser que les lois font "
+"autorit&eacute; et concluent qu'&ecirc;tre un bon voisin (ce qu'ils sont), "
+"c'est vilain et honteux. C'est aussi une forme de pr&eacute;judice psycho-"
+"social, mais on peut y &eacute;chapper en prenant la d&eacute;cision que ces "
+"licences et ces lois n'ont pas de force morale."
 
 # type: Content of: <p>
-msgid "Programmers also suffer psychosocial harm knowing that many users will 
not be allowed to use their work.  This leads to an attitude of cynicism or 
denial.  A programmer may describe enthusiastically the work that he finds 
technically exciting; then when asked, &ldquo;Will I be permitted to use 
it?&rdquo;, his face falls, and he admits the answer is no.  To avoid feeling 
discouraged, he either ignores this fact most of the time or adopts a cynical 
stance designed to minimize the importance of it."
-msgstr "Les programmeurs souffrent aussi de pr&eacute;judices psycho-sociaux, 
sachant que bien des usagers ne pourront utiliser leurs travaux. Ceci conduit 
&agrave; une attitude de cynisme ou de d&eacute;n&eacute;gation. Un programmeur 
peut faire une description enthousiaste du travail qu'il pense techniquement 
excitant; puis, quand on lui demande &laquo;&nbsp;Est-ce qu'il me sera permis 
de l'utiliser&nbsp;?&nbsp;&raquo;, son visage se ferme et il doit bien admettre 
que non. Pour &eacute;viter de se sentir d&eacute;courag&eacute;, soit il 
ignore ce fait la plupart du temps, soit il adopte une attitude cynique afin 
d'en minimiser l'importance."
+msgid ""
+"Programmers also suffer psychosocial harm knowing that many users will not "
+"be allowed to use their work.  This leads to an attitude of cynicism or "
+"denial.  A programmer may describe enthusiastically the work that he finds "
+"technically exciting; then when asked, &ldquo;Will I be permitted to use it?"
+"&rdquo;, his face falls, and he admits the answer is no.  To avoid feeling "
+"discouraged, he either ignores this fact most of the time or adopts a "
+"cynical stance designed to minimize the importance of it."
+msgstr ""
+"Les programmeurs souffrent aussi de pr&eacute;judices psycho-sociaux, "
+"sachant que bien des usagers ne pourront utiliser leurs travaux. Ceci "
+"conduit &agrave; une attitude de cynisme ou de d&eacute;n&eacute;gation. Un "
+"programmeur peut faire une description enthousiaste du travail qu'il pense "
+"techniquement excitant; puis, quand on lui demande &laquo;&nbsp;Est-ce qu'il "
+"me sera permis de l'utiliser&nbsp;?&nbsp;&raquo;, son visage se ferme et il "
+"doit bien admettre que non. Pour &eacute;viter de se sentir d&eacute;"
+"courag&eacute;, soit il ignore ce fait la plupart du temps, soit il adopte "
+"une attitude cynique afin d'en minimiser l'importance."
 
 # type: Content of: <p>
-msgid "Since the age of Reagan, the greatest scarcity in the United States is 
not technical innovation, but rather the willingness to work together for the 
public good.  It makes no sense to encourage the former at the expense of the 
latter."
-msgstr "Depuis la p&eacute;riode reaganienne, la plus grande p&eacute;nurie, 
aux &Eacute;tats-Unis, ce n'est pas l'innovation technique, mais plut&ocirc;t 
la volont&eacute; de travailler ensemble pour le bien public. Cela n'a pas de 
sens d'encourager l'un au d&eacute;triment de l'autre."
+msgid ""
+"Since the age of Reagan, the greatest scarcity in the United States is not "
+"technical innovation, but rather the willingness to work together for the "
+"public good.  It makes no sense to encourage the former at the expense of "
+"the latter."
+msgstr ""
+"Depuis la p&eacute;riode reaganienne, la plus grande p&eacute;nurie, aux "
+"&Eacute;tats-Unis, ce n'est pas l'innovation technique, mais plut&ocirc;t la "
+"volont&eacute; de travailler ensemble pour le bien public. Cela n'a pas de "
+"sens d'encourager l'un au d&eacute;triment de l'autre."
 
 # type: Content of: <h4>
 msgid "Obstructing Custom Adaptation of Programs"
 msgstr "L'entrave &agrave; l'adaptation sur mesure des programmes"
 
 # type: Content of: <p>
-msgid "The second level of material harm is the inability to adapt programs.  
The ease of modification of software is one of its great advantages over older 
technology.  But most commercially available software isn't available for 
modification, even after you buy it.  It's available for you to take it or 
leave it, as a black box&mdash;that is all."
-msgstr "Le deuxi&egrave;me niveau de pr&eacute;judice mat&eacute;riel est 
l'impossibilit&eacute; d'adapter les programmes. La facilit&eacute; de 
modification du logiciel est un de ses grands avantages sur les technologies 
plus anciennes. Mais la plupart des logiciels commerciaux ne peuvent &ecirc;tre 
modifi&eacute;s, m&ecirc;me apr&egrave;s les avoir achet&eacute;s. Ils sont 
&agrave; prendre ou &agrave; laisser, comme une bo&icirc;te noire, un point 
c'est tout."
+msgid ""
+"The second level of material harm is the inability to adapt programs.  The "
+"ease of modification of software is one of its great advantages over older "
+"technology.  But most commercially available software isn't available for "
+"modification, even after you buy it.  It's available for you to take it or "
+"leave it, as a black box&mdash;that is all."
+msgstr ""
+"Le deuxi&egrave;me niveau de pr&eacute;judice mat&eacute;riel est "
+"l'impossibilit&eacute; d'adapter les programmes. La facilit&eacute; de "
+"modification du logiciel est un de ses grands avantages sur les technologies "
+"plus anciennes. Mais la plupart des logiciels commerciaux ne peuvent &ecirc;"
+"tre modifi&eacute;s, m&ecirc;me apr&egrave;s les avoir achet&eacute;s. Ils "
+"sont &agrave; prendre ou &agrave; laisser, comme une bo&icirc;te noire, un "
+"point c'est tout."
 
 # type: Content of: <p>
-msgid "A program that you can run consists of a series of numbers whose 
meaning is obscure.  No one, not even a good programmer, can easily change the 
numbers to make the program do something different."
-msgstr "Un programme que vous pouvez ex&eacute;cuter se compose d'une 
s&eacute;rie de nombres dont le sens est obscur. Personne, m&ecirc;me un bon 
programmeur, ne peut ais&eacute;ment changer les nombres afin que le logiciel 
ex&eacute;cute autre chose."
+msgid ""
+"A program that you can run consists of a series of numbers whose meaning is "
+"obscure.  No one, not even a good programmer, can easily change the numbers "
+"to make the program do something different."
+msgstr ""
+"Un programme que vous pouvez ex&eacute;cuter se compose d'une s&eacute;rie "
+"de nombres dont le sens est obscur. Personne, m&ecirc;me un bon programmeur, "
+"ne peut ais&eacute;ment changer les nombres afin que le logiciel ex&eacute;"
+"cute autre chose."
 
 # type: Content of: <p>
-msgid "Programmers normally work with the &ldquo;source code&rdquo; for a 
program, which is written in a programming language such as Fortran or C.  It 
uses names to designate the data being used and the parts of the program, and 
it represents operations with symbols such as &lsquo;+&rsquo; for addition and 
&lsquo;-&rsquo; for subtraction.  It is designed to help programmers read and 
change programs.  Here is an example; a program to calculate the distance 
between two points in a plane:"
-msgstr "Normalement, les programmeurs travaillent sur le &laquo;&nbsp;code 
source&nbsp;&raquo; d'un programme, &eacute;crit dans un langage de 
programmation comme le Fortran oule C. Ils utilisent des noms pour 
d&eacute;signer les donn&eacute;es utilis&eacute;es et des parties du 
programme, et ils repr&eacute;sentent les op&eacute;rations par des symboles 
comme le &laquo;&nbsp;+&nbsp;&raquo; pour une op&eacute;ration ou le 
&laquo;&nbsp;-&nbsp;&raquo; pour une soustraction. Le langage est con&ccedil;u 
pour aider les programmeurs &agrave; d&eacute;chiffrer et modifier les 
programmes. Voici un exemple&nbsp;: il s'agit d'un programme qui calcule la 
distance entre deux points d'un plan&nbsp;:"
+msgid ""
+"Programmers normally work with the &ldquo;source code&rdquo; for a program, "
+"which is written in a programming language such as Fortran or C.  It uses "
+"names to designate the data being used and the parts of the program, and it "
+"represents operations with symbols such as &lsquo;+&rsquo; for addition and "
+"&lsquo;-&rsquo; for subtraction.  It is designed to help programmers read "
+"and change programs.  Here is an example; a program to calculate the "
+"distance between two points in a plane:"
+msgstr ""
+"Normalement, les programmeurs travaillent sur le &laquo;&nbsp;code "
+"source&nbsp;&raquo; d'un programme, &eacute;crit dans un langage de "
+"programmation comme le Fortran oule C. Ils utilisent des noms pour d&eacute;"
+"signer les donn&eacute;es utilis&eacute;es et des parties du programme, et "
+"ils repr&eacute;sentent les op&eacute;rations par des symboles comme le "
+"&laquo;&nbsp;+&nbsp;&raquo; pour une op&eacute;ration ou le &laquo;&nbsp;-"
+"&nbsp;&raquo; pour une soustraction. Le langage est con&ccedil;u pour aider "
+"les programmeurs &agrave; d&eacute;chiffrer et modifier les programmes. "
+"Voici un exemple&nbsp;: il s'agit d'un programme qui calcule la distance "
+"entre deux points d'un plan&nbsp;:"
 
 # type: Content of: <pre>
 #, no-wrap
@@ -275,8 +804,11 @@
 "     }\n"
 
 # type: Content of: <p>
-msgid "Here is the same program in executable form, on the computer I normally 
use:"
-msgstr "Voici le m&ecirc;me programme sous sa forme ex&eacute;cutable, sur 
l'ordinateur que j'utilise habituellement&nbsp;:"
+msgid ""
+"Here is the same program in executable form, on the computer I normally use:"
+msgstr ""
+"Voici le m&ecirc;me programme sous sa forme ex&eacute;cutable, sur "
+"l'ordinateur que j'utilise habituellement&nbsp;:"
 
 # type: Content of: <pre>
 #, no-wrap
@@ -296,216 +828,745 @@
 "     572518958       -803143692      1314803317\n"
 
 # type: Content of: <p>
-msgid "Source code is useful (at least potentially) to every user of a 
program. But most users are not allowed to have copies of the source code. 
Usually the source code for a proprietary program is kept secret by the owner, 
lest anybody else learn something from it.  Users receive only the files of 
incomprehensible numbers that the computer will execute. This means that only 
the program's owner can change the program."
-msgstr "Le code source est utile (au moins potentiellement) pour chaque 
utilisateur d'un programme. Mais la plupart des utilisateurs n'ont pas la 
permission d'avoir des copies du code source. Normalement, le code source d'un 
programme propri&eacute;taire est tenu secret par son propri&eacute;taire, 
emp&ecirc;chant quiconque d'en apprendre quelque chose. L'utilisateur 
re&ccedil;oit simplement des fichiers de nombres incompr&eacute;hensibles que 
l'ordinateur ex&eacute;cutera. Cela signifie que seul le propri&eacute;taire du 
logiciel peut changer le programme."
+msgid ""
+"Source code is useful (at least potentially) to every user of a program. But "
+"most users are not allowed to have copies of the source code. Usually the "
+"source code for a proprietary program is kept secret by the owner, lest "
+"anybody else learn something from it.  Users receive only the files of "
+"incomprehensible numbers that the computer will execute. This means that "
+"only the program's owner can change the program."
+msgstr ""
+"Le code source est utile (au moins potentiellement) pour chaque utilisateur "
+"d'un programme. Mais la plupart des utilisateurs n'ont pas la permission "
+"d'avoir des copies du code source. Normalement, le code source d'un "
+"programme propri&eacute;taire est tenu secret par son propri&eacute;taire, "
+"emp&ecirc;chant quiconque d'en apprendre quelque chose. L'utilisateur "
+"re&ccedil;oit simplement des fichiers de nombres incompr&eacute;hensibles "
+"que l'ordinateur ex&eacute;cutera. Cela signifie que seul le propri&eacute;"
+"taire du logiciel peut changer le programme."
 
 # type: Content of: <p>
-msgid "A friend once told me of working as a programmer in a bank for about 
six months, writing a program similar to something that was commercially 
available.  She believed that if she could have gotten source code for that 
commercially available program, it could easily have been adapted to their 
needs.  The bank was willing to pay for this, but was not permitted 
to&mdash;the source code was a secret.  So she had to do six months of 
make-work, work that counts in the GNP but was actually waste."
-msgstr "Un jour, une amie me dit qu'elle travaillait comme programmeur dans 
une banque depuis environ six mois, &eacute;crivant un programme similaire 
&agrave; quelque chose de commercialement disponible. Elle croyait que, si elle 
avait acc&egrave;s au code source de ce programme commercial, elle pourrait 
facilement l'adapter &agrave; ses besoins. La banque souhaitait payer pour 
cela, mais elle n'y fut pas autoris&eacute;e &mdash;&nbsp;le code source 
&eacute;tait un secret. Elle a d&ucirc; alors travailler d'arrache-pied pendant 
six mois, un travail qui compte pour le PNB, mais qui &eacute;tait en fait du 
gaspillage."
+msgid ""
+"A friend once told me of working as a programmer in a bank for about six "
+"months, writing a program similar to something that was commercially "
+"available.  She believed that if she could have gotten source code for that "
+"commercially available program, it could easily have been adapted to their "
+"needs.  The bank was willing to pay for this, but was not permitted to&mdash;"
+"the source code was a secret.  So she had to do six months of make-work, "
+"work that counts in the GNP but was actually waste."
+msgstr ""
+"Un jour, une amie me dit qu'elle travaillait comme programmeur dans une "
+"banque depuis environ six mois, &eacute;crivant un programme similaire "
+"&agrave; quelque chose de commercialement disponible. Elle croyait que, si "
+"elle avait acc&egrave;s au code source de ce programme commercial, elle "
+"pourrait facilement l'adapter &agrave; ses besoins. La banque souhaitait "
+"payer pour cela, mais elle n'y fut pas autoris&eacute;e &mdash;&nbsp;le code "
+"source &eacute;tait un secret. Elle a d&ucirc; alors travailler d'arrache-"
+"pied pendant six mois, un travail qui compte pour le PNB, mais qui &eacute;"
+"tait en fait du gaspillage."
 
 # type: Content of: <p>
-msgid "The <abbr title=\"Massachusetts Institute of Technology\">MIT</abbr> 
Artificial Intelligence Lab (AI Lab) received a graphics printer as a gift from 
Xerox around 1977.  It was run by free software to which we added many 
convenient features.  For example, the software would notify a user immediately 
on completion of a print job.  Whenever the printer had trouble, such as a 
paper jam or running out of paper, the software would immediately notify all 
users who had print jobs queued. These features facilitated smooth operation."
-msgstr "Le Laboratoire d'Intelligence Artificielle du MIT re&ccedil;ut une 
imprimante graphique comme cadeau de la part de Xerox, aux alentours de 1977. 
Elle &eacute;tait pilot&eacute;e par un logiciel libre, auquel nous avons 
ajout&eacute; de nombreuses caract&eacute;ristiques bien commodes. Par exemple, 
le logiciel avertissait imm&eacute;diatement l'utilisateur de la fin du 
processus d'impression. Si l'imprimante venait &agrave; rencontrer un 
probl&egrave;me, comme un bourrage ou un manque de papier, le programme 
avertissait de suite tous ceux qui avaient des travaux d'impression en cours. 
Ces fonctionnalit&eacute;s facilitaient la vie."
+msgid ""
+"The <abbr title=\"Massachusetts Institute of Technology\">MIT</abbr> "
+"Artificial Intelligence Lab (AI Lab) received a graphics printer as a gift "
+"from Xerox around 1977.  It was run by free software to which we added many "
+"convenient features.  For example, the software would notify a user "
+"immediately on completion of a print job.  Whenever the printer had trouble, "
+"such as a paper jam or running out of paper, the software would immediately "
+"notify all users who had print jobs queued. These features facilitated "
+"smooth operation."
+msgstr ""
+"Le Laboratoire d'Intelligence Artificielle du MIT re&ccedil;ut une "
+"imprimante graphique comme cadeau de la part de Xerox, aux alentours de "
+"1977. Elle &eacute;tait pilot&eacute;e par un logiciel libre, auquel nous "
+"avons ajout&eacute; de nombreuses caract&eacute;ristiques bien commodes. Par "
+"exemple, le logiciel avertissait imm&eacute;diatement l'utilisateur de la "
+"fin du processus d'impression. Si l'imprimante venait &agrave; rencontrer un "
+"probl&egrave;me, comme un bourrage ou un manque de papier, le programme "
+"avertissait de suite tous ceux qui avaient des travaux d'impression en "
+"cours. Ces fonctionnalit&eacute;s facilitaient la vie."
 
 # type: Content of: <p>
-msgid "Later Xerox gave the AI Lab a newer, faster printer, one of the first 
laser printers.  It was driven by proprietary software that ran in a separate 
dedicated computer, so we couldn't add any of our favorite features.  We could 
arrange to send a notification when a print job was sent to the dedicated 
computer, but not when the job was actually printed (and the delay was usually 
considerable).  There was no way to find out when the job was actually printed; 
you could only guess.  And no one was informed when there was a paper jam, so 
the printer often went for an hour without being fixed."
-msgstr "Plus tard, Xerox offrit au labo d'I.A. une nouvelle imprimante, plus 
rapide, une des premi&egrave;res laser. Elle &eacute;tait pilot&eacute;e par un 
logiciel propri&eacute;taire qui tournait sur un poste d&eacute;di&eacute; et 
s&eacute;par&eacute;, nous ne pouvions donc ajouter aucune de nos 
fonctionnalit&eacute;s favorites. On pouvait s'arranger pour envoyer un message 
quand le travail d'impression se lan&ccedil;ait sur le poste 
d&eacute;di&eacute;, mais pas quand celui-ci se faisait effectivement (et les 
d&eacute;lais &eacute;taient habituellement importants). Il n'y avait aucun 
moyen de savoir si l'impression &eacute;tait faite; il fallait deviner. Et 
personne n'&eacute;tait inform&eacute; d'un bourrage papier, l'imprimante 
attendait ainsi souvent une heure avant d'&ecirc;tre recharg&eacute;e."
+msgid ""
+"Later Xerox gave the AI Lab a newer, faster printer, one of the first laser "
+"printers.  It was driven by proprietary software that ran in a separate "
+"dedicated computer, so we couldn't add any of our favorite features.  We "
+"could arrange to send a notification when a print job was sent to the "
+"dedicated computer, but not when the job was actually printed (and the delay "
+"was usually considerable).  There was no way to find out when the job was "
+"actually printed; you could only guess.  And no one was informed when there "
+"was a paper jam, so the printer often went for an hour without being fixed."
+msgstr ""
+"Plus tard, Xerox offrit au labo d'I.A. une nouvelle imprimante, plus rapide, "
+"une des premi&egrave;res laser. Elle &eacute;tait pilot&eacute;e par un "
+"logiciel propri&eacute;taire qui tournait sur un poste d&eacute;di&eacute; "
+"et s&eacute;par&eacute;, nous ne pouvions donc ajouter aucune de nos "
+"fonctionnalit&eacute;s favorites. On pouvait s'arranger pour envoyer un "
+"message quand le travail d'impression se lan&ccedil;ait sur le poste "
+"d&eacute;di&eacute;, mais pas quand celui-ci se faisait effectivement (et "
+"les d&eacute;lais &eacute;taient habituellement importants). Il n'y avait "
+"aucun moyen de savoir si l'impression &eacute;tait faite; il fallait "
+"deviner. Et personne n'&eacute;tait inform&eacute; d'un bourrage papier, "
+"l'imprimante attendait ainsi souvent une heure avant d'&ecirc;tre "
+"recharg&eacute;e."
 
 # type: Content of: <p>
-msgid "The system programmers at the AI Lab were capable of fixing such 
problems, probably as capable as the original authors of the program.  Xerox 
was uninterested in fixing them, and chose to prevent us, so we were forced to 
accept the problems.  They were never fixed."
-msgstr "Les programmeurs syst&egrave;me du labo d'I.A. &eacute;taient capables 
de corriger de tels probl&egrave;mes, probablement tout aussi capables que les 
auteurs du programme. Xerox n'avait pas envie de les corriger et choisit de 
nous en emp&ecirc;cher, nous avons donc &eacute;t&eacute; forc&eacute;s de 
subir les probl&egrave;mes. Ils n'ont jamais &eacute;t&eacute; corrig&eacute;s."
+msgid ""
+"The system programmers at the AI Lab were capable of fixing such problems, "
+"probably as capable as the original authors of the program.  Xerox was "
+"uninterested in fixing them, and chose to prevent us, so we were forced to "
+"accept the problems.  They were never fixed."
+msgstr ""
+"Les programmeurs syst&egrave;me du labo d'I.A. &eacute;taient capables de "
+"corriger de tels probl&egrave;mes, probablement tout aussi capables que les "
+"auteurs du programme. Xerox n'avait pas envie de les corriger et choisit de "
+"nous en emp&ecirc;cher, nous avons donc &eacute;t&eacute; forc&eacute;s de "
+"subir les probl&egrave;mes. Ils n'ont jamais &eacute;t&eacute; corrig&eacute;"
+"s."
 
 # type: Content of: <p>
-msgid "Most good programmers have experienced this frustration.  The bank 
could afford to solve the problem by writing a new program from scratch, but a 
typical user, no matter how skilled, can only give up."
-msgstr "La plupart des bons programmeurs ont fait l'exp&eacute;rience de cette 
frustration. La banque pouvait se permettre de r&eacute;soudre son 
probl&egrave;me en &eacute;crivant un nouveau programme depuis le d&eacute;but, 
mais un utilisateur lambda, quelle que soit son habilet&eacute;, ne peut que 
laisser tomber."
+msgid ""
+"Most good programmers have experienced this frustration.  The bank could "
+"afford to solve the problem by writing a new program from scratch, but a "
+"typical user, no matter how skilled, can only give up."
+msgstr ""
+"La plupart des bons programmeurs ont fait l'exp&eacute;rience de cette "
+"frustration. La banque pouvait se permettre de r&eacute;soudre son "
+"probl&egrave;me en &eacute;crivant un nouveau programme depuis le d&eacute;"
+"but, mais un utilisateur lambda, quelle que soit son habilet&eacute;, ne "
+"peut que laisser tomber."
 
 # type: Content of: <p>
-msgid "Giving up causes psychosocial harm&mdash;to the spirit of 
self-reliance.  It is demoralizing to live in a house that you cannot rearrange 
to suit your needs.  It leads to resignation and discouragement, which can 
spread to affect other aspects of one's life.  People who feel this way are 
unhappy and do not do good work."
-msgstr "Laisser tomber provoque un pr&eacute;judice psycho-social 
&mdash;&nbsp;sur l'esprit d'ind&eacute;pendance. C'est d&eacute;moralisant 
d'habiter une maison qu'on ne peut r&eacute;arranger selon ses besoins. Cela 
conduit &agrave; la r&eacute;signation et au d&eacute;couragement, ce qui peut 
gagner d'autres aspects de la vie. Les gens qui se sentent ainsi ne sont pas 
heureux et ne font pas du bon travail."
+msgid ""
+"Giving up causes psychosocial harm&mdash;to the spirit of self-reliance.  It "
+"is demoralizing to live in a house that you cannot rearrange to suit your "
+"needs.  It leads to resignation and discouragement, which can spread to "
+"affect other aspects of one's life.  People who feel this way are unhappy "
+"and do not do good work."
+msgstr ""
+"Laisser tomber provoque un pr&eacute;judice psycho-social &mdash;&nbsp;sur "
+"l'esprit d'ind&eacute;pendance. C'est d&eacute;moralisant d'habiter une "
+"maison qu'on ne peut r&eacute;arranger selon ses besoins. Cela conduit "
+"&agrave; la r&eacute;signation et au d&eacute;couragement, ce qui peut "
+"gagner d'autres aspects de la vie. Les gens qui se sentent ainsi ne sont pas "
+"heureux et ne font pas du bon travail."
 
 # type: Content of: <p>
-msgid "Imagine what it would be like if recipes were hoarded in the same 
fashion as software.  You might say, &ldquo;How do I change this recipe to take 
out the salt?&rdquo; and the great chef would respond, &ldquo;How dare you 
insult my recipe, the child of my brain and my palate, by trying to tamper with 
it? You don't have the judgment to change my recipe and make it work 
right!&rdquo;"
-msgstr "Imaginez ce que ce serait si les recettes &eacute;taient log&eacute;es 
&agrave; la m&ecirc;me enseigne que les logiciels. Vous vous diriez 
&laquo;&nbsp;Voyons, comment modifiercette recette pour qu'il n'y ait plus de 
sel&nbsp;?&nbsp;&raquo;, et le chef cuistot de vous r&eacute;pondre 
&laquo;&nbsp;Comment oses-tu insulter ma recette, fruit de mon cerveau et de 
mon palais, en tentant de la modifier&nbsp;? Tu n'as pas le jugement pour 
changer ma recette afin qu'elle marche mieux&nbsp;&raquo;."
+msgid ""
+"Imagine what it would be like if recipes were hoarded in the same fashion as "
+"software.  You might say, &ldquo;How do I change this recipe to take out the "
+"salt?&rdquo; and the great chef would respond, &ldquo;How dare you insult my "
+"recipe, the child of my brain and my palate, by trying to tamper with it? "
+"You don't have the judgment to change my recipe and make it work right!"
+"&rdquo;"
+msgstr ""
+"Imaginez ce que ce serait si les recettes &eacute;taient log&eacute;es "
+"&agrave; la m&ecirc;me enseigne que les logiciels. Vous vous diriez &laquo;"
+"&nbsp;Voyons, comment modifiercette recette pour qu'il n'y ait plus de "
+"sel&nbsp;?&nbsp;&raquo;, et le chef cuistot de vous r&eacute;pondre &laquo;"
+"&nbsp;Comment oses-tu insulter ma recette, fruit de mon cerveau et de mon "
+"palais, en tentant de la modifier&nbsp;? Tu n'as pas le jugement pour "
+"changer ma recette afin qu'elle marche mieux&nbsp;&raquo;."
 
 # type: Content of: <p>
-msgid "&ldquo;But my doctor says I'm not supposed to eat salt! What can I do? 
Will you take out the salt for me?&rdquo;"
-msgstr "&laquo;Mais mon docteur m'a recommand&eacute; de ne pas manger 
sal&eacute;. Que puis-je faire&nbsp;? Pouvez-vous en &ocirc;ter le sel pour 
moi&nbsp;?&nbsp;&raquo;"
+msgid ""
+"&ldquo;But my doctor says I'm not supposed to eat salt! What can I do? Will "
+"you take out the salt for me?&rdquo;"
+msgstr ""
+"&laquo;Mais mon docteur m'a recommand&eacute; de ne pas manger sal&eacute;. "
+"Que puis-je faire&nbsp;? Pouvez-vous en &ocirc;ter le sel pour moi&nbsp;?"
+"&nbsp;&raquo;"
 
 # type: Content of: <p>
-msgid "&ldquo;I would be glad to do that; my fee is only $50,000.&rdquo; Since 
the owner has a monopoly on changes, the fee tends to be large.  
&ldquo;However, right now I don't have time.  I am busy with a commission to 
design a new recipe for ship's biscuit for the Navy Department.  I might get 
around to you in about two years.&rdquo;"
-msgstr "&laquo;Je serais heureux de le faire&nbsp;; mes honoraires ne sont que 
de 50000 dollars&raquo;. &Agrave; partir du moment o&ugrave; le 
propri&eacute;taire a le monopole sur lesmodifications, les honoraires tendent 
&agrave; gonfler. &laquo;&nbsp;De toute fa&ccedil;on, je n'ai pas le temps 
maintenant. Je suis pris par une commission afin de cr&eacute;er une nouvelle 
recette de biscuits marins pour le D&eacute;partement de la Marine. Je 
reprendrai contact avec toi d'ici &agrave; peu pr&egrave;s deux 
ans&nbsp;&raquo;."
+msgid ""
+"&ldquo;I would be glad to do that; my fee is only $50,000.&rdquo; Since the "
+"owner has a monopoly on changes, the fee tends to be large.  &ldquo;However, "
+"right now I don't have time.  I am busy with a commission to design a new "
+"recipe for ship's biscuit for the Navy Department.  I might get around to "
+"you in about two years.&rdquo;"
+msgstr ""
+"&laquo;Je serais heureux de le faire&nbsp;; mes honoraires ne sont que de "
+"50000 dollars&raquo;. &Agrave; partir du moment o&ugrave; le propri&eacute;"
+"taire a le monopole sur lesmodifications, les honoraires tendent &agrave; "
+"gonfler. &laquo;&nbsp;De toute fa&ccedil;on, je n'ai pas le temps "
+"maintenant. Je suis pris par une commission afin de cr&eacute;er une "
+"nouvelle recette de biscuits marins pour le D&eacute;partement de la Marine. "
+"Je reprendrai contact avec toi d'ici &agrave; peu pr&egrave;s deux ans&nbsp;"
+"&raquo;."
 
 # type: Content of: <h4>
 msgid "Obstructing Software Development"
 msgstr "L'entrave au d&eacute;veloppement logiciel"
 
 # type: Content of: <p>
-msgid "The third level of material harm affects software development.  
Software development used to be an evolutionary process, where a person would 
take an existing program and rewrite parts of it for one new feature, and then 
another person would rewrite parts to add another feature; in some cases, this 
continued over a period of twenty years.  Meanwhile, parts of the program would 
be &ldquo;cannibalized&rdquo; to form the beginnings of other programs."
-msgstr "Le troisi&egrave;me niveau de pr&eacute;judice mat&eacute;riel touche 
le d&eacute;veloppement logiciel. Il &eacute;tait autrefois un processus 
&eacute;volutif, o&ugrave; quelqu'un prenait un programme existant et en 
r&eacute;&eacute;crivait une partie pour ajouter une nouvelle 
fonctionnalit&eacute;; puis une autre personne en r&eacute;&eacute;crivait 
aussi une partie pour y ajouter une autre fonctionnalit&eacute;. Dans certains 
cas, cela a continu&eacute; ainsi sur une p&eacute;riode d'une vingtaine 
d'ann&eacute;es. Entre-temps, certaines parties du programme auront 
&eacute;t&eacute; &laquo;&nbsp;cannibalis&eacute;es&nbsp;&raquo; pour 
cr&eacute;er les pr&eacute;mices d'autres programmes."
+msgid ""
+"The third level of material harm affects software development.  Software "
+"development used to be an evolutionary process, where a person would take an "
+"existing program and rewrite parts of it for one new feature, and then "
+"another person would rewrite parts to add another feature; in some cases, "
+"this continued over a period of twenty years.  Meanwhile, parts of the "
+"program would be &ldquo;cannibalized&rdquo; to form the beginnings of other "
+"programs."
+msgstr ""
+"Le troisi&egrave;me niveau de pr&eacute;judice mat&eacute;riel touche le "
+"d&eacute;veloppement logiciel. Il &eacute;tait autrefois un processus "
+"&eacute;volutif, o&ugrave; quelqu'un prenait un programme existant et en "
+"r&eacute;&eacute;crivait une partie pour ajouter une nouvelle "
+"fonctionnalit&eacute;; puis une autre personne en r&eacute;&eacute;crivait "
+"aussi une partie pour y ajouter une autre fonctionnalit&eacute;. Dans "
+"certains cas, cela a continu&eacute; ainsi sur une p&eacute;riode d'une "
+"vingtaine d'ann&eacute;es. Entre-temps, certaines parties du programme "
+"auront &eacute;t&eacute; &laquo;&nbsp;cannibalis&eacute;es&nbsp;&raquo; pour "
+"cr&eacute;er les pr&eacute;mices d'autres programmes."
 
 # type: Content of: <p>
-msgid "The existence of owners prevents this kind of evolution, making it 
necessary to start from scratch when developing a program.  It also prevents 
new practitioners from studying existing programs to learn useful techniques or 
even how large programs can be structured."
-msgstr "L'existence de propri&eacute;taires emp&ecirc;che ce genre 
d'&eacute;volution, rendant n&eacute;cessaire de repartir de rien si on veut 
d&eacute;velopper un programme. Cela emp&ecirc;che &eacute;galement les 
nouveaux praticiens d'&eacute;tudier les programmes existants pour en apprendre 
des techniques utiles ou m&ecirc;me apprendre comment on structure de gros 
programmes."
+msgid ""
+"The existence of owners prevents this kind of evolution, making it necessary "
+"to start from scratch when developing a program.  It also prevents new "
+"practitioners from studying existing programs to learn useful techniques or "
+"even how large programs can be structured."
+msgstr ""
+"L'existence de propri&eacute;taires emp&ecirc;che ce genre d'&eacute;"
+"volution, rendant n&eacute;cessaire de repartir de rien si on veut d&eacute;"
+"velopper un programme. Cela emp&ecirc;che &eacute;galement les nouveaux "
+"praticiens d'&eacute;tudier les programmes existants pour en apprendre des "
+"techniques utiles ou m&ecirc;me apprendre comment on structure de gros "
+"programmes."
 
 # type: Content of: <p>
-msgid "Owners also obstruct education.  I have met bright students in computer 
science who have never seen the source code of a large program.  They may be 
good at writing small programs, but they can't begin to learn the different 
skills of writing large ones if they can't see how others have done it."
-msgstr "Les propri&eacute;taires entravent aussi l'&eacute;ducation, 
l'apprentissage. J'ai rencontr&eacute; de brillants &eacute;tudiants en 
informatique qui n'avaient jamais vu le code source d'un gros logiciel. Ils 
peuvent &ecirc;tre bons &agrave; &eacute;crire de courts programmes, mais ils 
ne peuvent commencer &agrave; apprendre les techniques diff&eacute;rentes de 
l'&eacute;criture d'un vaste programme, s'ils ne peuvent observer comment 
d'autres l'ont fait."
+msgid ""
+"Owners also obstruct education.  I have met bright students in computer "
+"science who have never seen the source code of a large program.  They may be "
+"good at writing small programs, but they can't begin to learn the different "
+"skills of writing large ones if they can't see how others have done it."
+msgstr ""
+"Les propri&eacute;taires entravent aussi l'&eacute;ducation, "
+"l'apprentissage. J'ai rencontr&eacute; de brillants &eacute;tudiants en "
+"informatique qui n'avaient jamais vu le code source d'un gros logiciel. Ils "
+"peuvent &ecirc;tre bons &agrave; &eacute;crire de courts programmes, mais "
+"ils ne peuvent commencer &agrave; apprendre les techniques diff&eacute;"
+"rentes de l'&eacute;criture d'un vaste programme, s'ils ne peuvent observer "
+"comment d'autres l'ont fait."
 
 # type: Content of: <p>
-msgid "In any intellectual field, one can reach greater heights by standing on 
the shoulders of others.  But that is no longer generally allowed in the 
software field&mdash;you can only stand on the shoulders of the other people 
<em>in your own company</em>."
-msgstr "Dans tout domaine intellectuel, on peut atteindre de plus grandes 
hauteurs en se tenant sur les &eacute;paules des autres. Mais ce n'est 
g&eacute;n&eacute;ralement plus permis dans le domaine logiciel 
&mdash;&nbsp;vous ne pouvez vous tenir sur les &eacute;paules que de ceux qui 
font partie de <em>votre propre compagnie</em>."
+msgid ""
+"In any intellectual field, one can reach greater heights by standing on the "
+"shoulders of others.  But that is no longer generally allowed in the "
+"software field&mdash;you can only stand on the shoulders of the other people "
+"<em>in your own company</em>."
+msgstr ""
+"Dans tout domaine intellectuel, on peut atteindre de plus grandes hauteurs "
+"en se tenant sur les &eacute;paules des autres. Mais ce n'est g&eacute;"
+"n&eacute;ralement plus permis dans le domaine logiciel &mdash;&nbsp;vous ne "
+"pouvez vous tenir sur les &eacute;paules que de ceux qui font partie de "
+"<em>votre propre compagnie</em>."
 
 # type: Content of: <p>
-msgid "The associated psychosocial harm affects the spirit of scientific 
cooperation, which used to be so strong that scientists would cooperate even 
when their countries were at war.  In this spirit, Japanese oceanographers 
abandoning their lab on an island in the Pacific carefully preserved their work 
for the invading U.S. Marines, and left a note asking them to take good care of 
it."
-msgstr "Le pr&eacute;judice psycho-social qui s'y rattache affecte l'esprit de 
coop&eacute;ration scientifique, qui &eacute;tait autrefois si fort que les 
scientifiques coop&eacute;raient m&ecirc;me quand leurs pays &eacute;taient en 
guerre. C'est dans cet esprit que les oc&eacute;anographes japonais, 
abandonnant leur labo dans une &icirc;le du Pacifique, ont soigneusement 
conserv&eacute; leurs travaux pour les Marines qui commen&ccedil;aient &agrave; 
d&eacute;barquer, et laiss&egrave;rent un mot leur demandant d'en prendre bien 
soin."
+msgid ""
+"The associated psychosocial harm affects the spirit of scientific "
+"cooperation, which used to be so strong that scientists would cooperate even "
+"when their countries were at war.  In this spirit, Japanese oceanographers "
+"abandoning their lab on an island in the Pacific carefully preserved their "
+"work for the invading U.S. Marines, and left a note asking them to take good "
+"care of it."
+msgstr ""
+"Le pr&eacute;judice psycho-social qui s'y rattache affecte l'esprit de "
+"coop&eacute;ration scientifique, qui &eacute;tait autrefois si fort que les "
+"scientifiques coop&eacute;raient m&ecirc;me quand leurs pays &eacute;taient "
+"en guerre. C'est dans cet esprit que les oc&eacute;anographes japonais, "
+"abandonnant leur labo dans une &icirc;le du Pacifique, ont soigneusement "
+"conserv&eacute; leurs travaux pour les Marines qui commen&ccedil;aient "
+"&agrave; d&eacute;barquer, et laiss&egrave;rent un mot leur demandant d'en "
+"prendre bien soin."
 
 # type: Content of: <p>
-msgid "Conflict for profit has destroyed what international conflict spared.  
Nowadays scientists in many fields don't publish enough in their papers to 
enable others to replicate the experiment.  They publish only enough to let 
readers marvel at how much they were able to do.  This is certainly true in 
computer science, where the source code for the programs reported on is usually 
secret."
-msgstr "Les conflits de profits ont d&eacute;truit ce que les conflits 
internationaux avaient &eacute;pargn&eacute;. Aujourd'hui, les scientifiques de 
nombreuses disciplines ne donnent pas assez de d&eacute;tails dans leurs 
publications, qui permettraient aux autres de reproduire leur 
exp&eacute;rience. Ils ne publient que ce qui permet au lecteur d'&ecirc;tre 
impressionn&eacute;s par l'&eacute;tendue de leurs travaux. C'est 
particuli&egrave;rement vrai pour la recherche informatique, o&ugrave; le code 
source des programmes d&eacute;crits dans les publications est en 
g&eacute;n&eacute;ral secret."
+msgid ""
+"Conflict for profit has destroyed what international conflict spared.  "
+"Nowadays scientists in many fields don't publish enough in their papers to "
+"enable others to replicate the experiment.  They publish only enough to let "
+"readers marvel at how much they were able to do.  This is certainly true in "
+"computer science, where the source code for the programs reported on is "
+"usually secret."
+msgstr ""
+"Les conflits de profits ont d&eacute;truit ce que les conflits "
+"internationaux avaient &eacute;pargn&eacute;. Aujourd'hui, les scientifiques "
+"de nombreuses disciplines ne donnent pas assez de d&eacute;tails dans leurs "
+"publications, qui permettraient aux autres de reproduire leur exp&eacute;"
+"rience. Ils ne publient que ce qui permet au lecteur d'&ecirc;tre "
+"impressionn&eacute;s par l'&eacute;tendue de leurs travaux. C'est "
+"particuli&egrave;rement vrai pour la recherche informatique, o&ugrave; le "
+"code source des programmes d&eacute;crits dans les publications est en "
+"g&eacute;n&eacute;ral secret."
 
 # type: Content of: <h4>
 msgid "It Does Not Matter How Sharing Is Restricted"
 msgstr "Peu importe comment le partage est restreint"
 
 # type: Content of: <p>
-msgid "I have been discussing the effects of preventing people from copying, 
changing, and building on a program.  I have not specified how this obstruction 
is carried out, because that doesn't affect the conclusion.  Whether it is done 
by copy protection, or copyright, or licenses, or encryption, or <acronym 
title=\"Read-only Memory\">ROM</acronym> cards, or hardware serial numbers, if 
it <em>succeeds</em> in preventing use, it does harm."
-msgstr "J'ai parl&eacute; des effets d'emp&ecirc;cher les gens de copier, de 
modifier ou de se baser sur un programme existant. Je n'ai pas 
pr&eacute;cis&eacute; comment cette obstruction &eacute;tait 
r&eacute;alis&eacute;e, car cela n'affecte pas la conclusion. Que ce soit par 
protection contre la copie, copyright, licences, cryptage, cartes ROM ou encore 
un num&eacute;ro de s&eacute;rie sur le mat&eacute;riel, si cela 
<em>r&eacute;ussit</em> &agrave; emp&ecirc;cher l'utilisation, alors il y a 
pr&eacute;judice."
+msgid ""
+"I have been discussing the effects of preventing people from copying, "
+"changing, and building on a program.  I have not specified how this "
+"obstruction is carried out, because that doesn't affect the conclusion.  "
+"Whether it is done by copy protection, or copyright, or licenses, or "
+"encryption, or <acronym title=\"Read-only Memory\">ROM</acronym> cards, or "
+"hardware serial numbers, if it <em>succeeds</em> in preventing use, it does "
+"harm."
+msgstr ""
+"J'ai parl&eacute; des effets d'emp&ecirc;cher les gens de copier, de "
+"modifier ou de se baser sur un programme existant. Je n'ai pas pr&eacute;"
+"cis&eacute; comment cette obstruction &eacute;tait r&eacute;alis&eacute;e, "
+"car cela n'affecte pas la conclusion. Que ce soit par protection contre la "
+"copie, copyright, licences, cryptage, cartes ROM ou encore un num&eacute;ro "
+"de s&eacute;rie sur le mat&eacute;riel, si cela <em>r&eacute;ussit</em> "
+"&agrave; emp&ecirc;cher l'utilisation, alors il y a pr&eacute;judice."
 
 # type: Content of: <p>
-msgid "Users do consider some of these methods more obnoxious than others.  I 
suggest that the methods most hated are those that accomplish their objective."
-msgstr "Les utilisateurs consid&egrave;rent certaines de ces m&eacute;thodes 
comme plus odieuses que d'autres. Je sugg&egrave;re que les m&eacute;thodes les 
plus d&eacute;test&eacute;es sont celles qui accomplissent leur objectif."
+msgid ""
+"Users do consider some of these methods more obnoxious than others.  I "
+"suggest that the methods most hated are those that accomplish their "
+"objective."
+msgstr ""
+"Les utilisateurs consid&egrave;rent certaines de ces m&eacute;thodes comme "
+"plus odieuses que d'autres. Je sugg&egrave;re que les m&eacute;thodes les "
+"plus d&eacute;test&eacute;es sont celles qui accomplissent leur objectif."
 
 # type: Content of: <h4>
 msgid "Software Should be Free"
 msgstr "Les logiciels devraient &ecirc;tre libres"
 
 # type: Content of: <p>
-msgid "I have shown how ownership of a program&mdash;the power to restrict 
changing or copying it&mdash;is obstructive.  Its negative effects are 
widespread and important.  It follows that society shouldn't have owners for 
programs."
-msgstr "J'ai montr&eacute; comment le fait d'&ecirc;tre propri&eacute;taire 
d'un programme, le pouvoir de restreindre sa modification ou sa copie, est une 
entrave. Ses retomb&eacute;es n&eacute;gatives sont vastes et importantes. Il 
s'ensuit que la soci&eacute;t&eacute; devrait se passer de propri&eacute;taires 
de logiciels."
+msgid ""
+"I have shown how ownership of a program&mdash;the power to restrict changing "
+"or copying it&mdash;is obstructive.  Its negative effects are widespread and "
+"important.  It follows that society shouldn't have owners for programs."
+msgstr ""
+"J'ai montr&eacute; comment le fait d'&ecirc;tre propri&eacute;taire d'un "
+"programme, le pouvoir de restreindre sa modification ou sa copie, est une "
+"entrave. Ses retomb&eacute;es n&eacute;gatives sont vastes et importantes. "
+"Il s'ensuit que la soci&eacute;t&eacute; devrait se passer de propri&eacute;"
+"taires de logiciels."
 
 # type: Content of: <p>
-msgid "Another way to understand this is that what society needs is free 
software, and proprietary software is a poor substitute.  Encouraging the 
substitute is not a rational way to get what we need."
-msgstr "Une autre fa&ccedil;on de comprendre cela, est que ce dont a besoin la 
soci&eacute;t&eacute;, c'est de logiciels libres et que les logiciels 
propri&eacute;taires ne sont qu'un pauvre substitut. Encourager le substitut 
n'est pas une fa&ccedil;on rationnelle d'obtenir ce dont nous avons besoin."
+msgid ""
+"Another way to understand this is that what society needs is free software, "
+"and proprietary software is a poor substitute.  Encouraging the substitute "
+"is not a rational way to get what we need."
+msgstr ""
+"Une autre fa&ccedil;on de comprendre cela, est que ce dont a besoin la "
+"soci&eacute;t&eacute;, c'est de logiciels libres et que les logiciels "
+"propri&eacute;taires ne sont qu'un pauvre substitut. Encourager le substitut "
+"n'est pas une fa&ccedil;on rationnelle d'obtenir ce dont nous avons besoin."
 
 # type: Content of: <p>
-msgid "Vaclav Havel has advised us to &ldquo;Work for something because it is 
good, not just because it stands a chance to succeed.&rdquo; A business making 
proprietary software stands a chance of success in its own narrow terms, but it 
is not what is good for society."
-msgstr "Vaclav Havel nous a conseill&eacute; de &laquo;travailler pour une 
chose parce qu'elle est bien, pas parce qu'elle a des chances de 
r&eacute;ussir&raquo;. Un march&eacute; cr&eacute;ant des logiciels 
propri&eacute;taires a des chances de r&eacute;ussir selon son propre point de 
vue, mais ce n'est pas ce qui est bon pour la soci&eacute;t&eacute;."
+msgid ""
+"Vaclav Havel has advised us to &ldquo;Work for something because it is good, "
+"not just because it stands a chance to succeed.&rdquo; A business making "
+"proprietary software stands a chance of success in its own narrow terms, but "
+"it is not what is good for society."
+msgstr ""
+"Vaclav Havel nous a conseill&eacute; de &laquo;travailler pour une chose "
+"parce qu'elle est bien, pas parce qu'elle a des chances de r&eacute;"
+"ussir&raquo;. Un march&eacute; cr&eacute;ant des logiciels propri&eacute;"
+"taires a des chances de r&eacute;ussir selon son propre point de vue, mais "
+"ce n'est pas ce qui est bon pour la soci&eacute;t&eacute;."
 
 # type: Content of: <h3>
 msgid "Why People Will Develop Software"
 msgstr "Pourquoi les gens d&eacute;velopperont des logiciels"
 
 # type: Content of: <p>
-msgid "If we eliminate copyright as a means of encouraging people to develop 
software, at first less software will be developed, but that software will be 
more useful.  It is not clear whether the overall delivered user satisfaction 
will be less; but if it is, or if we wish to increase it anyway, there are 
other ways to encourage development, just as there are ways besides toll booths 
to raise money for streets. Before I talk about how that can be done, first I 
want to question how much artificial encouragement is truly necessary."
-msgstr "Si nous &eacute;liminons la propri&eacute;t&eacute; intellectuelle 
comme un moyen d'encourager les gens &agrave; d&eacute;velopper des logiciels, 
au d&eacute;but, peu de programmes seront d&eacute;velopp&eacute;s, mais ils 
seront plus utiles. Difficile de dire si la satisfaction d'ensemble des 
utilisateurs sera moindre. Mais si c'est le cas, ou si nous voulons 
malgr&eacute; tout l'augmenter, il y a d'autres moyens d'encourager le 
d&eacute;veloppement, tout comme il y a des alternatives aux postes de 
p&eacute;age pour tirer del'argent des routes. Mais avant de parler de la 
fa&ccedil;on dont cela peut se faire, je vais d'abord me demander dans quelle 
mesure un encouragement artificiel est vraiment n&eacute;cessaire."
+msgid ""
+"If we eliminate copyright as a means of encouraging people to develop "
+"software, at first less software will be developed, but that software will "
+"be more useful.  It is not clear whether the overall delivered user "
+"satisfaction will be less; but if it is, or if we wish to increase it "
+"anyway, there are other ways to encourage development, just as there are "
+"ways besides toll booths to raise money for streets. Before I talk about how "
+"that can be done, first I want to question how much artificial encouragement "
+"is truly necessary."
+msgstr ""
+"Si nous &eacute;liminons la propri&eacute;t&eacute; intellectuelle comme un "
+"moyen d'encourager les gens &agrave; d&eacute;velopper des logiciels, au "
+"d&eacute;but, peu de programmes seront d&eacute;velopp&eacute;s, mais ils "
+"seront plus utiles. Difficile de dire si la satisfaction d'ensemble des "
+"utilisateurs sera moindre. Mais si c'est le cas, ou si nous voulons "
+"malgr&eacute; tout l'augmenter, il y a d'autres moyens d'encourager le "
+"d&eacute;veloppement, tout comme il y a des alternatives aux postes de "
+"p&eacute;age pour tirer del'argent des routes. Mais avant de parler de la "
+"fa&ccedil;on dont cela peut se faire, je vais d'abord me demander dans "
+"quelle mesure un encouragement artificiel est vraiment n&eacute;cessaire."
 
 # type: Content of: <h4>
 msgid "Programming is Fun"
 msgstr "Programmer, c'est amusant"
 
 # type: Content of: <p>
-msgid "There are some lines of work that few will enter except for money; road 
construction, for example.  There are other fields of study and art in which 
there is little chance to become rich, which people enter for their fascination 
or their perceived value to society.  Examples include mathematical logic, 
classical music, and archaeology; and political organizing among working 
people.  People compete, more sadly than bitterly, for the few funded positions 
available, none of which is funded very well.  They may even pay for the chance 
to work in the field, if they can afford to."
-msgstr "Certains domaines professionnels trouvent peu de candidats, sauf pour 
l'argent; la construction routi&egrave;re, par exemple. Il en est d'autres, 
touchant aux &eacute;tudes ou &agrave; l'art, dans lesquelles il y a peu de 
chance de devenir riche, mais o&ugrave; les gens s'engagent par fascination ou 
&agrave; cause de sa valeur per&ccedil;ue pour la soci&eacute;t&eacute;. On 
peut y inclure par exemple, les math&eacute;matiques logiques, la musique 
classique et l'arch&eacute;ologie; puis l'organisation politique au sein des 
travailleurs. Les gens concourent, plus tristement qu'&acirc;prement, pour les 
quelques situations assises disponibles, aucune d'entre elles n'&eacute;tant 
vraiment bien solide. Ils paieraient pour avoir la chance de travailler dans un 
de ces domaines, s'ils le pouvaient."
+msgid ""
+"There are some lines of work that few will enter except for money; road "
+"construction, for example.  There are other fields of study and art in which "
+"there is little chance to become rich, which people enter for their "
+"fascination or their perceived value to society.  Examples include "
+"mathematical logic, classical music, and archaeology; and political "
+"organizing among working people.  People compete, more sadly than bitterly, "
+"for the few funded positions available, none of which is funded very well.  "
+"They may even pay for the chance to work in the field, if they can afford to."
+msgstr ""
+"Certains domaines professionnels trouvent peu de candidats, sauf pour "
+"l'argent; la construction routi&egrave;re, par exemple. Il en est d'autres, "
+"touchant aux &eacute;tudes ou &agrave; l'art, dans lesquelles il y a peu de "
+"chance de devenir riche, mais o&ugrave; les gens s'engagent par fascination "
+"ou &agrave; cause de sa valeur per&ccedil;ue pour la soci&eacute;t&eacute;. "
+"On peut y inclure par exemple, les math&eacute;matiques logiques, la musique "
+"classique et l'arch&eacute;ologie; puis l'organisation politique au sein des "
+"travailleurs. Les gens concourent, plus tristement qu'&acirc;prement, pour "
+"les quelques situations assises disponibles, aucune d'entre elles n'&eacute;"
+"tant vraiment bien solide. Ils paieraient pour avoir la chance de travailler "
+"dans un de ces domaines, s'ils le pouvaient."
 
 # type: Content of: <p>
-msgid "Such a field can transform itself overnight if it begins to offer the 
possibility of getting rich.  When one worker gets rich, others demand the same 
opportunity.  Soon all may demand large sums of money for doing what they used 
to do for pleasure.  When another couple of years go by, everyone connected 
with the field will deride the idea that work would be done in the field 
without large financial returns.  They will advise social planners to ensure 
that these returns are possible, prescribing special privileges, powers, and 
monopolies as necessary to do so."
-msgstr "Un domaine peut se transformer du jour au lendemain, s'il commence 
&agrave; offrir la possibilit&eacute; de devenir riche. Si un travailleur 
devient riche, les autres r&eacute;clament la m&ecirc;me opportunit&eacute;. 
Bient&ocirc;t tous demanderont de fortes sommes d'argent pour ce qu'ils avaient 
l'habitude de faire pour le plaisir. Puis quelques ann&eacute;es passent, 
chaque personne en relation avec ce domaine tournera en d&eacute;rision 
l'id&eacute;e que le travail pourrait &ecirc;tre fait sans salaires 
mirobolants. Ils conseilleront aux acteurs sociaux de s'assurer que de tels 
salaires soient possibles, en prescrivant des privil&egrave;ges sp&eacute;ciaux 
et les pouvoirs, monopoles n&eacute;cessaires pour que cela puisse se faire."
+msgid ""
+"Such a field can transform itself overnight if it begins to offer the "
+"possibility of getting rich.  When one worker gets rich, others demand the "
+"same opportunity.  Soon all may demand large sums of money for doing what "
+"they used to do for pleasure.  When another couple of years go by, everyone "
+"connected with the field will deride the idea that work would be done in the "
+"field without large financial returns.  They will advise social planners to "
+"ensure that these returns are possible, prescribing special privileges, "
+"powers, and monopolies as necessary to do so."
+msgstr ""
+"Un domaine peut se transformer du jour au lendemain, s'il commence &agrave; "
+"offrir la possibilit&eacute; de devenir riche. Si un travailleur devient "
+"riche, les autres r&eacute;clament la m&ecirc;me opportunit&eacute;. "
+"Bient&ocirc;t tous demanderont de fortes sommes d'argent pour ce qu'ils "
+"avaient l'habitude de faire pour le plaisir. Puis quelques ann&eacute;es "
+"passent, chaque personne en relation avec ce domaine tournera en d&eacute;"
+"rision l'id&eacute;e que le travail pourrait &ecirc;tre fait sans salaires "
+"mirobolants. Ils conseilleront aux acteurs sociaux de s'assurer que de tels "
+"salaires soient possibles, en prescrivant des privil&egrave;ges sp&eacute;"
+"ciaux et les pouvoirs, monopoles n&eacute;cessaires pour que cela puisse se "
+"faire."
 
 # type: Content of: <p>
-msgid "This change happened in the field of computer programming in the past 
decade.  Fifteen years ago, there were articles on &ldquo;computer 
addiction&rdquo;: users were &ldquo;onlining&rdquo; and had 
hundred-dollar-a-week habits.  It was generally understood that people 
frequently loved programming enough to break up their marriages.  Today, it is 
generally understood that no one would program except for a high rate of pay. 
People have forgotten what they knew fifteen years ago."
-msgstr "Ce changement est apparu dans le domaine de la programmation cette 
derni&egrave;re d&eacute;cennie. Il y a quinze ans, des articles parlaient 
d'&laquo;&nbsp;accros &agrave; l'informatique&nbsp;&raquo;&nbsp;: les 
utilisateurs &eacute;taient &laquo;&nbsp;connect&eacute;s&nbsp;&raquo; et 
vivaient modestement. Il &eacute;tait g&eacute;n&eacute;ralement compris que 
les accros de la programmation pouvaient briser leur couple. Aujourd'hui, il 
est g&eacute;n&eacute;ralement admis que personne ne ferait de la 
programmation, sans salaire &eacute;lev&eacute;. Les gens ont oubli&eacute; ce 
qu'ils savaient il y a quinze ans."
+msgid ""
+"This change happened in the field of computer programming in the past "
+"decade.  Fifteen years ago, there were articles on &ldquo;computer "
+"addiction&rdquo;: users were &ldquo;onlining&rdquo; and had hundred-dollar-a-"
+"week habits.  It was generally understood that people frequently loved "
+"programming enough to break up their marriages.  Today, it is generally "
+"understood that no one would program except for a high rate of pay. People "
+"have forgotten what they knew fifteen years ago."
+msgstr ""
+"Ce changement est apparu dans le domaine de la programmation cette "
+"derni&egrave;re d&eacute;cennie. Il y a quinze ans, des articles parlaient "
+"d'&laquo;&nbsp;accros &agrave; l'informatique&nbsp;&raquo;&nbsp;: les "
+"utilisateurs &eacute;taient &laquo;&nbsp;connect&eacute;s&nbsp;&raquo; et "
+"vivaient modestement. Il &eacute;tait g&eacute;n&eacute;ralement compris que "
+"les accros de la programmation pouvaient briser leur couple. Aujourd'hui, il "
+"est g&eacute;n&eacute;ralement admis que personne ne ferait de la "
+"programmation, sans salaire &eacute;lev&eacute;. Les gens ont oubli&eacute; "
+"ce qu'ils savaient il y a quinze ans."
 
 # type: Content of: <p>
-msgid "When it is true at a given time that most people will work in a certain 
field only for high pay, it need not remain true.  The dynamic of change can 
run in reverse, if society provides an impetus.  If we take away the 
possibility of great wealth, then after a while, when the people have 
readjusted their attitudes, they will once again be eager to work in the field 
for the joy of accomplishment."
-msgstr "M&ecirc;me si &agrave; un moment pr&eacute;cis, la plupart des gens 
travailleront dans un certain domaine uniquement pour un haut salaire, cela ne 
durera pas forc&eacute;ment. La tendance peut s'inverser, si la 
soci&eacute;t&eacute; donne une impulsion. Si nous laissons de 
c&ocirc;t&eacute; les possibilit&eacute;s de gros gains, peu de temps 
apr&egrave;s, quand les gens auront r&eacute;ajust&eacute; leurs attitudes, ils 
auront &agrave; nouveau &agrave; coeur de travailler dans leur domaine pour la 
joie de le faire."
+msgid ""
+"When it is true at a given time that most people will work in a certain "
+"field only for high pay, it need not remain true.  The dynamic of change can "
+"run in reverse, if society provides an impetus.  If we take away the "
+"possibility of great wealth, then after a while, when the people have "
+"readjusted their attitudes, they will once again be eager to work in the "
+"field for the joy of accomplishment."
+msgstr ""
+"M&ecirc;me si &agrave; un moment pr&eacute;cis, la plupart des gens "
+"travailleront dans un certain domaine uniquement pour un haut salaire, cela "
+"ne durera pas forc&eacute;ment. La tendance peut s'inverser, si la "
+"soci&eacute;t&eacute; donne une impulsion. Si nous laissons de c&ocirc;"
+"t&eacute; les possibilit&eacute;s de gros gains, peu de temps apr&egrave;s, "
+"quand les gens auront r&eacute;ajust&eacute; leurs attitudes, ils auront "
+"&agrave; nouveau &agrave; coeur de travailler dans leur domaine pour la joie "
+"de le faire."
 
 # type: Content of: <p>
-msgid "The question, &ldquo;How can we pay programmers?&rdquo; becomes an 
easier question when we realize that it's not a matter of paying them a 
fortune.  A mere living is easier to raise."
-msgstr "La question &laquo;&nbsp;comment payer un programmeur&nbsp;&raquo; 
devient plus simple, quand nous r&eacute;alisons que ce n'est pas la peine de 
les payer une fortune. Il est plus facile de leur assurer un niveau de vie 
correct sans plus."
+msgid ""
+"The question, &ldquo;How can we pay programmers?&rdquo; becomes an easier "
+"question when we realize that it's not a matter of paying them a fortune.  A "
+"mere living is easier to raise."
+msgstr ""
+"La question &laquo;&nbsp;comment payer un programmeur&nbsp;&raquo; devient "
+"plus simple, quand nous r&eacute;alisons que ce n'est pas la peine de les "
+"payer une fortune. Il est plus facile de leur assurer un niveau de vie "
+"correct sans plus."
 
 # type: Content of: <h4>
 msgid "Funding Free Software"
 msgstr "Financer le logiciel libre"
 
 # type: Content of: <p>
-msgid "Institutions that pay programmers do not have to be software houses.  
Many other institutions already exist that can do this."
-msgstr "Les institutions qui payent les programmeurs n'ont pas besoin 
d'&ecirc;tre des &laquo;&nbsp;bo&icirc;tes &agrave; logiciels&nbsp;&raquo;. 
Beaucoup d'autres institutions existantespeuvent le faire."
+msgid ""
+"Institutions that pay programmers do not have to be software houses.  Many "
+"other institutions already exist that can do this."
+msgstr ""
+"Les institutions qui payent les programmeurs n'ont pas besoin d'&ecirc;tre "
+"des &laquo;&nbsp;bo&icirc;tes &agrave; logiciels&nbsp;&raquo;. Beaucoup "
+"d'autres institutions existantespeuvent le faire."
 
 # type: Content of: <p>
-msgid "Hardware manufacturers find it essential to support software 
development even if they cannot control the use of the software.  In 1970, much 
of their software was free because they did not consider restricting it. Today, 
their increasing willingness to join consortiums shows their realization that 
owning the software is not what is really important for them."
-msgstr "Les constructeurs de mat&eacute;riels informatiques pensent qu'il est 
essentiel de supporter le d&eacute;veloppement logiciel, m&ecirc;me s'ils ne 
peuvent contr&ocirc;ler l'usage du logiciel. En 1970, la plupart de leurs 
logiciels &eacute;taient libres, car ils ne pensaient pas &agrave; les 
entraver. Aujourd'hui, la volont&eacute; croissante de se joindre &agrave; 
desconsortiums montre leur compr&eacute;hension que de poss&eacute;der le 
logiciel n'est pas ce qui est vraiment important pour eux."
+msgid ""
+"Hardware manufacturers find it essential to support software development "
+"even if they cannot control the use of the software.  In 1970, much of their "
+"software was free because they did not consider restricting it. Today, their "
+"increasing willingness to join consortiums shows their realization that "
+"owning the software is not what is really important for them."
+msgstr ""
+"Les constructeurs de mat&eacute;riels informatiques pensent qu'il est "
+"essentiel de supporter le d&eacute;veloppement logiciel, m&ecirc;me s'ils ne "
+"peuvent contr&ocirc;ler l'usage du logiciel. En 1970, la plupart de leurs "
+"logiciels &eacute;taient libres, car ils ne pensaient pas &agrave; les "
+"entraver. Aujourd'hui, la volont&eacute; croissante de se joindre &agrave; "
+"desconsortiums montre leur compr&eacute;hension que de poss&eacute;der le "
+"logiciel n'est pas ce qui est vraiment important pour eux."
 
 # type: Content of: <p>
-msgid "Universities conduct many programming projects.  Today they often sell 
the results, but in the 1970s they did not.  Is there any doubt that 
universities would develop free software if they were not allowed to sell 
software? These projects could be supported by the same government contracts 
and grants that now support proprietary software development."
-msgstr "Les universit&eacute;s m&egrave;nent de nombreux projets de 
programmation. Aujourd'hui, elles en vendent souvent les r&eacute;sultats, 
mais, dans les ann&eacute;es 70, elles ne le faisaient pas. Douterait-on que 
les universit&eacute;s d&eacute;velopperaient des logiciels libres si elles 
n'&eacute;taient pas autoris&eacute;es &agrave; vendre des logiciels&nbsp;? Ces 
projets pourraient recevoir le soutien de contrats gouvernementaux et de 
bourses qui soutiennent actuellement le d&eacute;veloppement de logiciels 
propri&eacute;taires."
+msgid ""
+"Universities conduct many programming projects.  Today they often sell the "
+"results, but in the 1970s they did not.  Is there any doubt that "
+"universities would develop free software if they were not allowed to sell "
+"software? These projects could be supported by the same government contracts "
+"and grants that now support proprietary software development."
+msgstr ""
+"Les universit&eacute;s m&egrave;nent de nombreux projets de programmation. "
+"Aujourd'hui, elles en vendent souvent les r&eacute;sultats, mais, dans les "
+"ann&eacute;es 70, elles ne le faisaient pas. Douterait-on que les "
+"universit&eacute;s d&eacute;velopperaient des logiciels libres si elles "
+"n'&eacute;taient pas autoris&eacute;es &agrave; vendre des logiciels&nbsp;? "
+"Ces projets pourraient recevoir le soutien de contrats gouvernementaux et de "
+"bourses qui soutiennent actuellement le d&eacute;veloppement de logiciels "
+"propri&eacute;taires."
 
 # type: Content of: <p>
-msgid "It is common today for university researchers to get grants to develop 
a system, develop it nearly to the point of completion and call that 
&ldquo;finished&rdquo;, and then start companies where they really finish the 
project and make it usable.  Sometimes they declare the unfinished version 
&ldquo;free&rdquo;; if they are thoroughly corrupt, they instead get an 
exclusive license from the university.  This is not a secret; it is openly 
admitted by everyone concerned.  Yet if the researchers were not exposed to the 
temptation to do these things, they would still do their research."
-msgstr "Il est commun de nos jours que les chercheurs universitaires 
re&ccedil;oivent une bourse pour d&eacute;velopper un syst&egrave;me, qu'ils le 
d&eacute;veloppent presque jusqu'&agrave; la finalisation, qu'ils le 
d&eacute;clarent &laquo;fini&raquo;, puis qu'ils cr&eacute;ent des 
soci&eacute;t&eacute;s o&ugrave; ils le finiront effectivement et le 
rendrontutilisable. Parfois, ils d&eacute;clarent &laquo;libre&raquo; la 
version non termin&eacute;e; s'ils sont vraiment corrompus, ils obtiendront une 
licence exclusive de la part de l'universit&eacute;. Ce n'est pas un secret, 
c'est ouvertement admis par les personnes concern&eacute;es. Pourtant, si les 
chercheurs n'&eacute;taient pas expos&eacute;s &agrave; ces tentations, ils 
continueraient quand m&ecirc;me leurs recherches."
+msgid ""
+"It is common today for university researchers to get grants to develop a "
+"system, develop it nearly to the point of completion and call that &ldquo;"
+"finished&rdquo;, and then start companies where they really finish the "
+"project and make it usable.  Sometimes they declare the unfinished version "
+"&ldquo;free&rdquo;; if they are thoroughly corrupt, they instead get an "
+"exclusive license from the university.  This is not a secret; it is openly "
+"admitted by everyone concerned.  Yet if the researchers were not exposed to "
+"the temptation to do these things, they would still do their research."
+msgstr ""
+"Il est commun de nos jours que les chercheurs universitaires re&ccedil;"
+"oivent une bourse pour d&eacute;velopper un syst&egrave;me, qu'ils le "
+"d&eacute;veloppent presque jusqu'&agrave; la finalisation, qu'ils le "
+"d&eacute;clarent &laquo;fini&raquo;, puis qu'ils cr&eacute;ent des "
+"soci&eacute;t&eacute;s o&ugrave; ils le finiront effectivement et le "
+"rendrontutilisable. Parfois, ils d&eacute;clarent &laquo;libre&raquo; la "
+"version non termin&eacute;e; s'ils sont vraiment corrompus, ils obtiendront "
+"une licence exclusive de la part de l'universit&eacute;. Ce n'est pas un "
+"secret, c'est ouvertement admis par les personnes concern&eacute;es. "
+"Pourtant, si les chercheurs n'&eacute;taient pas expos&eacute;s &agrave; ces "
+"tentations, ils continueraient quand m&ecirc;me leurs recherches."
 
 # type: Content of: <p>
-msgid "Programmers writing free software can make their living by selling 
services related to the software.  I have been hired to port the <a 
href=\"/software/gcc/\">GNU C compiler</a> to new hardware, and to make 
user-interface extensions to <a href=\"/software/emacs/\">GNU Emacs</a>.  (I 
offer these improvements to the public once they are done.)  I also teach 
classes for which I am paid."
-msgstr "Les programmeurs qui &eacute;crivent des logiciels libres peuvent 
gagner leur vie en vendant des services li&eacute;s au logiciel. J'ai 
re&ccedil;u des honoraires pour le portage du <a 
href=\"/software/gcc/gcc.html\">compilateur GNU C</a> sur un nouveau 
mat&eacute;riel et pour faire des extensions d'interfaces utilisateurs pour <a 
href=\"/software/emacs/emacs.html\">GNU Emacs</a>.  (J'ai offert ces 
am&eacute;liorations au public, une fois qu'elles ont &eacute;t&eacute; 
r&eacute;alis&eacute;es). Je suis aussi pay&eacute; pour enseigner dans des 
classes."
+msgid ""
+"Programmers writing free software can make their living by selling services "
+"related to the software.  I have been hired to port the <a href=\"/software/"
+"gcc/\">GNU C compiler</a> to new hardware, and to make user-interface "
+"extensions to <a href=\"/software/emacs/\">GNU Emacs</a>.  (I offer these "
+"improvements to the public once they are done.)  I also teach classes for "
+"which I am paid."
+msgstr ""
+"Les programmeurs qui &eacute;crivent des logiciels libres peuvent gagner "
+"leur vie en vendant des services li&eacute;s au logiciel. J'ai re&ccedil;u "
+"des honoraires pour le portage du <a href=\"/software/gcc/gcc.html"
+"\">compilateur GNU C</a> sur un nouveau mat&eacute;riel et pour faire des "
+"extensions d'interfaces utilisateurs pour <a href=\"/software/emacs/emacs."
+"html\">GNU Emacs</a>.  (J'ai offert ces am&eacute;liorations au public, une "
+"fois qu'elles ont &eacute;t&eacute; r&eacute;alis&eacute;es). Je suis aussi "
+"pay&eacute; pour enseigner dans des classes."
 
 # type: Content of: <p>
-msgid "I am not alone in working this way; there is now a successful, growing 
corporation which does no other kind of work.  Several other companies also 
provide commercial support for the free software of the GNU system. This is the 
beginning of the independent software support industry&mdash;an industry that 
could become quite large if free software becomes prevalent.  It provides users 
with an option generally unavailable for proprietary software, except to the 
very wealthy."
-msgstr "Je ne suis pas seul &agrave; travailler de cette fa&ccedil;on; il 
existe maintenant une entreprise fructueuse, grandissante qui ne fait pas 
autrement. Plusieurs autres compagnies offrent aussi un support commercial aux 
logiciels libres issus du syst&egrave;me GNU. C'est le d&eacute;but d'une 
industrie ind&eacute;pendante du support du logiciel libre, uneindustrie qui 
pourrait prendre de fortes proportions, si le logiciel libre devenait courant. 
Elle offre aux utilisateurs des options qui sont g&eacute;n&eacute;ralement 
indisponibles dans le cas de logiciels propri&eacute;taires, sauf pour les plus 
riches."
+msgid ""
+"I am not alone in working this way; there is now a successful, growing "
+"corporation which does no other kind of work.  Several other companies also "
+"provide commercial support for the free software of the GNU system. This is "
+"the beginning of the independent software support industry&mdash;an industry "
+"that could become quite large if free software becomes prevalent.  It "
+"provides users with an option generally unavailable for proprietary "
+"software, except to the very wealthy."
+msgstr ""
+"Je ne suis pas seul &agrave; travailler de cette fa&ccedil;on; il existe "
+"maintenant une entreprise fructueuse, grandissante qui ne fait pas "
+"autrement. Plusieurs autres compagnies offrent aussi un support commercial "
+"aux logiciels libres issus du syst&egrave;me GNU. C'est le d&eacute;but "
+"d'une industrie ind&eacute;pendante du support du logiciel libre, "
+"uneindustrie qui pourrait prendre de fortes proportions, si le logiciel "
+"libre devenait courant. Elle offre aux utilisateurs des options qui sont "
+"g&eacute;n&eacute;ralement indisponibles dans le cas de logiciels "
+"propri&eacute;taires, sauf pour les plus riches."
 
 # type: Content of: <p>
-msgid "New institutions such as the <a href=\"/fsf/fsf.html\">Free Software 
Foundation</a> can also fund programmers.  Most of the Foundation's funds come 
from users buying tapes through the mail.  The software on the tapes is free, 
which means that every user has the freedom to copy it and change it, but many 
nonetheless pay to get copies.  (Recall that &ldquo;free software&rdquo; refers 
to freedom, not to price.)  Some users who already have a copy order tapes as a 
way of making a contribution they feel we deserve.  The Foundation also 
receives sizable donations from computer manufacturers."
-msgstr "De nouvelles institutions, comme la <a href=\"/fsf/fsf.fr.html\">Free 
Software Foundation</a>, peuvent aussi financer les programmeurs. La 
majorit&eacute; des fonds de la Fondation vient de l'argent 
r&eacute;colt&eacute; dans la vente de bandes par correspondance. Le logiciel 
pr&eacute;sent sur la bande est libre, ce qui signifie que chaque utilisateur 
est libre de le copier et de le modifier, mais n&eacute;anmoins, beaucoup 
payent pour en obtenir des copies. (Rappelez-vous que &laquo;&nbsp;free 
software&nbsp;&raquo; veut dire libre, et non gratuit). Certains utilisateurs 
ach&egrave;tent des bandes, alors qu'ils en poss&egrave;dent 
d&eacute;j&agrave;, simplement parce qu'ils sentent que nous m&eacute;ritons 
cette contribution. La Fondation re&ccedil;oit aussi des donations 
consid&eacute;rables de la part de fabricants d'ordinateurs."
+msgid ""
+"New institutions such as the <a href=\"/fsf/fsf.html\">Free Software "
+"Foundation</a> can also fund programmers.  Most of the Foundation's funds "
+"come from users buying tapes through the mail.  The software on the tapes is "
+"free, which means that every user has the freedom to copy it and change it, "
+"but many nonetheless pay to get copies.  (Recall that &ldquo;free "
+"software&rdquo; refers to freedom, not to price.)  Some users who already "
+"have a copy order tapes as a way of making a contribution they feel we "
+"deserve.  The Foundation also receives sizable donations from computer "
+"manufacturers."
+msgstr ""
+"De nouvelles institutions, comme la <a href=\"/fsf/fsf.fr.html\">Free "
+"Software Foundation</a>, peuvent aussi financer les programmeurs. La "
+"majorit&eacute; des fonds de la Fondation vient de l'argent r&eacute;"
+"colt&eacute; dans la vente de bandes par correspondance. Le logiciel "
+"pr&eacute;sent sur la bande est libre, ce qui signifie que chaque "
+"utilisateur est libre de le copier et de le modifier, mais n&eacute;anmoins, "
+"beaucoup payent pour en obtenir des copies. (Rappelez-vous que &laquo;&nbsp;"
+"free software&nbsp;&raquo; veut dire libre, et non gratuit). Certains "
+"utilisateurs ach&egrave;tent des bandes, alors qu'ils en poss&egrave;dent "
+"d&eacute;j&agrave;, simplement parce qu'ils sentent que nous m&eacute;ritons "
+"cette contribution. La Fondation re&ccedil;oit aussi des donations "
+"consid&eacute;rables de la part de fabricants d'ordinateurs."
 
 # type: Content of: <p>
-msgid "The Free Software Foundation is a charity, and its income is spent on 
hiring as many programmers as possible.  If it had been set up as a business, 
distributing the same free software to the public for the same fee, it would 
now provide a very good living for its founder."
-msgstr "La Free Software Foundation est une organisation caritative et ses 
revenus sont d&eacute;pens&eacute;s en employant le plus possible de 
programmeurs. Si elle avait &eacute;t&eacute; &eacute;rig&eacute;e en business, 
distribuant les m&ecirc;mes logiciels libres au public pour la m&ecirc;me 
somme, elle pourrait maintenant offrir un tr&egrave;s bon niveau de vie 
&agrave; son fondateur."
+msgid ""
+"The Free Software Foundation is a charity, and its income is spent on hiring "
+"as many programmers as possible.  If it had been set up as a business, "
+"distributing the same free software to the public for the same fee, it would "
+"now provide a very good living for its founder."
+msgstr ""
+"La Free Software Foundation est une organisation caritative et ses revenus "
+"sont d&eacute;pens&eacute;s en employant le plus possible de programmeurs. "
+"Si elle avait &eacute;t&eacute; &eacute;rig&eacute;e en business, "
+"distribuant les m&ecirc;mes logiciels libres au public pour la m&ecirc;me "
+"somme, elle pourrait maintenant offrir un tr&egrave;s bon niveau de vie "
+"&agrave; son fondateur."
 
 # type: Content of: <p>
-msgid "Because the Foundation is a charity, programmers often work for the 
Foundation for half of what they could make elsewhere.  They do this because we 
are free of bureaucracy, and because they feel satisfaction in knowing that 
their work will not be obstructed from use.  Most of all, they do it because 
programming is fun.  In addition, volunteers have written many useful programs 
for us.  (Even technical writers have begun to volunteer.)"
-msgstr "Parce que la Fondation est une organisation caritative, les 
programmeurs travaillent souvent pour la moiti&eacute; de qu'ils pourraient 
toucher ailleurs. Ils le font parce qu'ils sont libres de toute bureaucratie et 
parce qu'ils ressentent de la satisfaction &agrave; savoir que leur travail 
pourra &ecirc;tre utilis&eacute; par tous. Et, par-dessus tout, ils le font 
parce que programmer, c'est passionnant. Ajoutons que des volontaires nous ont 
&eacute;crit nombre de programmes (m&ecirc;me des r&eacute;dacteurs techniques 
ont r&eacute;cemment commenc&eacute; &agrave; se proposer)."
+msgid ""
+"Because the Foundation is a charity, programmers often work for the "
+"Foundation for half of what they could make elsewhere.  They do this because "
+"we are free of bureaucracy, and because they feel satisfaction in knowing "
+"that their work will not be obstructed from use.  Most of all, they do it "
+"because programming is fun.  In addition, volunteers have written many "
+"useful programs for us.  (Even technical writers have begun to volunteer.)"
+msgstr ""
+"Parce que la Fondation est une organisation caritative, les programmeurs "
+"travaillent souvent pour la moiti&eacute; de qu'ils pourraient toucher "
+"ailleurs. Ils le font parce qu'ils sont libres de toute bureaucratie et "
+"parce qu'ils ressentent de la satisfaction &agrave; savoir que leur travail "
+"pourra &ecirc;tre utilis&eacute; par tous. Et, par-dessus tout, ils le font "
+"parce que programmer, c'est passionnant. Ajoutons que des volontaires nous "
+"ont &eacute;crit nombre de programmes (m&ecirc;me des r&eacute;dacteurs "
+"techniques ont r&eacute;cemment commenc&eacute; &agrave; se proposer)."
 
 # type: Content of: <p>
-msgid "This confirms that programming is among the most fascinating of all 
fields, along with music and art.  We don't have to fear that no one will want 
to program."
-msgstr "Ce qui confirme que la programmation est parmi les domaines les plus 
fascinants, au m&ecirc;me titre que la musique et les arts. Nous n'avons pas 
&agrave; craindre que plus personne ne veuille programmer."
+msgid ""
+"This confirms that programming is among the most fascinating of all fields, "
+"along with music and art.  We don't have to fear that no one will want to "
+"program."
+msgstr ""
+"Ce qui confirme que la programmation est parmi les domaines les plus "
+"fascinants, au m&ecirc;me titre que la musique et les arts. Nous n'avons pas "
+"&agrave; craindre que plus personne ne veuille programmer."
 
 # type: Content of: <h4>
 msgid "What Do Users Owe to Developers?"
 msgstr "Que doivent les utilisateurs aux programmeurs&nbsp;?"
 
 # type: Content of: <p>
-msgid "There is a good reason for users of software to feel a moral obligation 
to contribute to its support.  Developers of free software are contributing to 
the users' activities, and it is both fair and in the long-term interest of the 
users to give them funds to continue."
-msgstr "Il y a une bonne raison &agrave; ce que les utilisateurs de logiciels 
se sentent oblig&eacute;s moralement &agrave; contribuer &agrave; leur soutien. 
Les d&eacute;veloppeurs de logiciels libres contribuent &agrave; 
l'activit&eacute; des utilisateurs, c'est &agrave; la fois loyal et 
&mdash;&nbsp;sur le long terme&nbsp;&mdash; aussi dans l'int&eacute;r&ecirc;t 
des utilisateurs que de les financer."
+msgid ""
+"There is a good reason for users of software to feel a moral obligation to "
+"contribute to its support.  Developers of free software are contributing to "
+"the users' activities, and it is both fair and in the long-term interest of "
+"the users to give them funds to continue."
+msgstr ""
+"Il y a une bonne raison &agrave; ce que les utilisateurs de logiciels se "
+"sentent oblig&eacute;s moralement &agrave; contribuer &agrave; leur soutien. "
+"Les d&eacute;veloppeurs de logiciels libres contribuent &agrave; "
+"l'activit&eacute; des utilisateurs, c'est &agrave; la fois loyal et &mdash;"
+"&nbsp;sur le long terme&nbsp;&mdash; aussi dans l'int&eacute;r&ecirc;t des "
+"utilisateurs que de les financer."
 
 # type: Content of: <p>
-msgid "However, this does not apply to proprietary software developers, since 
obstructionism deserves a punishment rather than a reward."
-msgstr "Cependant, ceci ne s'applique pas aux d&eacute;veloppeurs de logiciels 
propri&eacute;taires, vu que l'obstructionnisme appelle plut&ocirc;t une 
sanction qu'une r&eacute;compense."
+msgid ""
+"However, this does not apply to proprietary software developers, since "
+"obstructionism deserves a punishment rather than a reward."
+msgstr ""
+"Cependant, ceci ne s'applique pas aux d&eacute;veloppeurs de logiciels "
+"propri&eacute;taires, vu que l'obstructionnisme appelle plut&ocirc;t une "
+"sanction qu'une r&eacute;compense."
 
 # type: Content of: <p>
-msgid "We thus have a paradox: the developer of useful software is entitled to 
the support of the users, but any attempt to turn this moral obligation into a 
requirement destroys the basis for the obligation.  A developer can either 
deserve a reward or demand it, but not both."
-msgstr "Nous nous trouvons ainsi face &agrave; un paradoxe&nbsp;: le 
d&eacute;veloppeur de logiciels utiles a droit au soutien des utilisateurs, 
mais n'importe quelle tentative de transformer cette obligation morale en une 
exigence, d&eacute;truit les bases de l'obligation. Un d&eacute;veloppeur peut 
soit recevoir une r&eacute;compense, soit l'exiger, mais pas les deux."
+msgid ""
+"We thus have a paradox: the developer of useful software is entitled to the "
+"support of the users, but any attempt to turn this moral obligation into a "
+"requirement destroys the basis for the obligation.  A developer can either "
+"deserve a reward or demand it, but not both."
+msgstr ""
+"Nous nous trouvons ainsi face &agrave; un paradoxe&nbsp;: le d&eacute;"
+"veloppeur de logiciels utiles a droit au soutien des utilisateurs, mais "
+"n'importe quelle tentative de transformer cette obligation morale en une "
+"exigence, d&eacute;truit les bases de l'obligation. Un d&eacute;veloppeur "
+"peut soit recevoir une r&eacute;compense, soit l'exiger, mais pas les deux."
 
 # type: Content of: <p>
-msgid "I believe that an ethical developer faced with this paradox must act so 
as to deserve the reward, but should also entreat the users for voluntary 
donations.  Eventually the users will learn to support developers without 
coercion, just as they have learned to support public radio and television 
stations."
-msgstr "Je crois qu'un d&eacute;veloppeur moral faisant face &agrave; ce 
paradoxe doit agir de mani&egrave;re &agrave; m&eacute;riter la 
r&eacute;compense, mais devrait aussi encourager les utilisateurs &agrave; 
donner volontairement. T&ocirc;t ou tard, les utilisateurs apprendront &agrave; 
soutenir les d&eacute;veloppeurs d'eux-m&ecirc;mes, tout comme ils ont appris 
&agrave; soutenir les radios et les stations t&eacute;l&eacute; 
ind&eacute;pendantes."
+msgid ""
+"I believe that an ethical developer faced with this paradox must act so as "
+"to deserve the reward, but should also entreat the users for voluntary "
+"donations.  Eventually the users will learn to support developers without "
+"coercion, just as they have learned to support public radio and television "
+"stations."
+msgstr ""
+"Je crois qu'un d&eacute;veloppeur moral faisant face &agrave; ce paradoxe "
+"doit agir de mani&egrave;re &agrave; m&eacute;riter la r&eacute;compense, "
+"mais devrait aussi encourager les utilisateurs &agrave; donner "
+"volontairement. T&ocirc;t ou tard, les utilisateurs apprendront &agrave; "
+"soutenir les d&eacute;veloppeurs d'eux-m&ecirc;mes, tout comme ils ont "
+"appris &agrave; soutenir les radios et les stations t&eacute;l&eacute; "
+"ind&eacute;pendantes."
 
 # type: Content of: <h3>
 msgid "What Is Software Productivity?"
 msgstr "Qu'est-ce que la productivit&eacute; logicielle&nbsp;?"
 
 # type: Content of: <p>
-msgid "If software were free, there would still be programmers, but perhaps 
fewer of them.  Would this be bad for society?"
-msgstr "Si les logiciels &eacute;taient libres, il y aurait toujours des 
programmeurs, mais peut-&ecirc;tre en nombre moindre. Est-ce que cela serait 
mauvais pour la soci&eacute;t&eacute;&nbsp;?"
+msgid ""
+"If software were free, there would still be programmers, but perhaps fewer "
+"of them.  Would this be bad for society?"
+msgstr ""
+"Si les logiciels &eacute;taient libres, il y aurait toujours des "
+"programmeurs, mais peut-&ecirc;tre en nombre moindre. Est-ce que cela serait "
+"mauvais pour la soci&eacute;t&eacute;&nbsp;?"
 
 # type: Content of: <p>
-msgid "Not necessarily.  Today the advanced nations have fewer farmers than in 
1900, but we do not think this is bad for society, because the few deliver more 
food to the consumers than the many used to do.  We call this improved 
productivity.  Free software would require far fewer programmers to satisfy the 
demand, because of increased software productivity at all levels:"
-msgstr "Pas forc&eacute;ment. Aujourd'hui, les nations riches ont moins de 
fermiers qu'en 1900, mais nous ne pensons certainement pas que cela est mauvais 
pour la soci&eacute;t&eacute;, car ceux qui restent produisent plus de 
nourriture pour les consommateurs que tous ceux, plus nombreux, jadis. Nous 
appelons cela l'am&eacute;lioration de la productivit&eacute;. Le logiciel 
libre devrait demander moins de programmeurs pour satisfaire la demande, 
&agrave; cause de l'augmentation de la productivit&eacute; logicielle &agrave; 
tous niveaux&nbsp;:"
+msgid ""
+"Not necessarily.  Today the advanced nations have fewer farmers than in "
+"1900, but we do not think this is bad for society, because the few deliver "
+"more food to the consumers than the many used to do.  We call this improved "
+"productivity.  Free software would require far fewer programmers to satisfy "
+"the demand, because of increased software productivity at all levels:"
+msgstr ""
+"Pas forc&eacute;ment. Aujourd'hui, les nations riches ont moins de fermiers "
+"qu'en 1900, mais nous ne pensons certainement pas que cela est mauvais pour "
+"la soci&eacute;t&eacute;, car ceux qui restent produisent plus de nourriture "
+"pour les consommateurs que tous ceux, plus nombreux, jadis. Nous appelons "
+"cela l'am&eacute;lioration de la productivit&eacute;. Le logiciel libre "
+"devrait demander moins de programmeurs pour satisfaire la demande, &agrave; "
+"cause de l'augmentation de la productivit&eacute; logicielle &agrave; tous "
+"niveaux&nbsp;:"
 
 # type: Content of: <ul><li>
 msgid "Wider use of each program that is developed."
-msgstr "Une utilisation plus large de chaque programme 
d&eacute;velopp&eacute;."
+msgstr ""
+"Une utilisation plus large de chaque programme d&eacute;velopp&eacute;."
 
 # type: Content of: <ul><li>
-msgid "The ability to adapt existing programs for customization instead of 
starting from scratch."
-msgstr "La possibilit&eacute; d'adapter un programme existant pour le 
personnaliser au lieu de repartir de z&eacute;ro."
+msgid ""
+"The ability to adapt existing programs for customization instead of starting "
+"from scratch."
+msgstr ""
+"La possibilit&eacute; d'adapter un programme existant pour le personnaliser "
+"au lieu de repartir de z&eacute;ro."
 
 # type: Content of: <ul><li>
 msgid "Better education of programmers."
@@ -513,135 +1574,448 @@
 
 # type: Content of: <ul><li>
 msgid "The elimination of duplicate development effort."
-msgstr "L'&eacute;limation des redondances dans l'effort de 
d&eacute;veloppement."
+msgstr ""
+"L'&eacute;limation des redondances dans l'effort de d&eacute;veloppement."
 
 # type: Content of: <p>
-msgid "Those who object to cooperation claiming it would result in the 
employment of fewer programmers are actually objecting to increased 
productivity.  Yet these people usually accept the widely-held belief that the 
software industry needs increased productivity.  How is this?"
-msgstr "Ceux qui font objection &agrave; la coop&eacute;ration dans la mesure 
o&ugrave; elle diminuerait l'emploi des programmeurs s'opposent en fait 
&agrave; l'accroissement de la productivit&eacute;. Pourtant les m&ecirc;mes 
acceptent souvent la croyance largement r&eacute;pandue que l'industrie 
logicielle a besoin d'accro&icirc;tre sa productivit&eacute;. Comment cela se 
fait-il&nbsp;?"
+msgid ""
+"Those who object to cooperation claiming it would result in the employment "
+"of fewer programmers are actually objecting to increased productivity.  Yet "
+"these people usually accept the widely-held belief that the software "
+"industry needs increased productivity.  How is this?"
+msgstr ""
+"Ceux qui font objection &agrave; la coop&eacute;ration dans la mesure "
+"o&ugrave; elle diminuerait l'emploi des programmeurs s'opposent en fait "
+"&agrave; l'accroissement de la productivit&eacute;. Pourtant les m&ecirc;mes "
+"acceptent souvent la croyance largement r&eacute;pandue que l'industrie "
+"logicielle a besoin d'accro&icirc;tre sa productivit&eacute;. Comment cela "
+"se fait-il&nbsp;?"
 
 # type: Content of: <p>
-msgid "&ldquo;Software productivity&rdquo; can mean two different things: the 
overall productivity of all software development, or the productivity of 
individual projects.  Overall productivity is what society would like to 
improve, and the most straightforward way to do this is to eliminate the 
artificial obstacles to cooperation which reduce it.  But researchers who study 
the field of &ldquo;software productivity&rdquo; focus only on the second, 
limited, sense of the term, where improvement requires difficult technological 
advances."
-msgstr "La &laquo;&nbsp;productivit&eacute; logicielle&nbsp;&raquo; peut 
vouloir dire deux choses&nbsp;: la productivit&eacute; g&eacute;n&eacute;rale 
de tout d&eacute;veloppement logiciel ou la productivit&eacute; de projets 
individuels. La productivit&eacute; g&eacute;n&eacute;rale, c'est ce que la 
soci&eacute;t&eacute; aimerait am&eacute;liorer et la voie la plus directe pour 
le faire est d'&eacute;liminer les obstacles artificiels &agrave; la 
coop&eacute;ration qui la r&eacute;duisent. Mais les chercheurs qui se penchent 
sur la &laquo;productivit&eacute; logicielle&raquo; se focalisent uniquement 
sur le deuxi&egrave;me sens, limit&eacute;, du terme, o&ugrave; 
l'am&eacute;lioration demande des avanc&eacute;es technologiques difficiles."
+msgid ""
+"&ldquo;Software productivity&rdquo; can mean two different things: the "
+"overall productivity of all software development, or the productivity of "
+"individual projects.  Overall productivity is what society would like to "
+"improve, and the most straightforward way to do this is to eliminate the "
+"artificial obstacles to cooperation which reduce it.  But researchers who "
+"study the field of &ldquo;software productivity&rdquo; focus only on the "
+"second, limited, sense of the term, where improvement requires difficult "
+"technological advances."
+msgstr ""
+"La &laquo;&nbsp;productivit&eacute; logicielle&nbsp;&raquo; peut vouloir "
+"dire deux choses&nbsp;: la productivit&eacute; g&eacute;n&eacute;rale de "
+"tout d&eacute;veloppement logiciel ou la productivit&eacute; de projets "
+"individuels. La productivit&eacute; g&eacute;n&eacute;rale, c'est ce que la "
+"soci&eacute;t&eacute; aimerait am&eacute;liorer et la voie la plus directe "
+"pour le faire est d'&eacute;liminer les obstacles artificiels &agrave; la "
+"coop&eacute;ration qui la r&eacute;duisent. Mais les chercheurs qui se "
+"penchent sur la &laquo;productivit&eacute; logicielle&raquo; se focalisent "
+"uniquement sur le deuxi&egrave;me sens, limit&eacute;, du terme, o&ugrave; "
+"l'am&eacute;lioration demande des avanc&eacute;es technologiques difficiles."
 
 # type: Content of: <h3>
 msgid "Is Competition Inevitable?"
 msgstr "Est-ce que la comp&eacute;tition est in&eacute;vitable&nbsp;?"
 
 # type: Content of: <p>
-msgid "Is it inevitable that people will try to compete, to surpass their 
rivals in society? Perhaps it is.  But competition itself is not harmful; the 
harmful thing is <em>combat</em>."
-msgstr "Est-il in&eacute;vitable que les gens se mettent en concurrence, 
qu'ils essayent de d&eacute;passer leurs rivaux dans la 
soci&eacute;t&eacute;&nbsp;? Peut-&ecirc;tre, oui. Mais la comp&eacute;tition 
en elle-m&ecirc;me n'est pas nocive&nbsp;: ce qui est nocif, c'est le 
<em>combat</em>."
+msgid ""
+"Is it inevitable that people will try to compete, to surpass their rivals in "
+"society? Perhaps it is.  But competition itself is not harmful; the harmful "
+"thing is <em>combat</em>."
+msgstr ""
+"Est-il in&eacute;vitable que les gens se mettent en concurrence, qu'ils "
+"essayent de d&eacute;passer leurs rivaux dans la soci&eacute;t&eacute;"
+"&nbsp;? Peut-&ecirc;tre, oui. Mais la comp&eacute;tition en elle-m&ecirc;me "
+"n'est pas nocive&nbsp;: ce qui est nocif, c'est le <em>combat</em>."
 
 # type: Content of: <p>
-msgid "There are many ways to compete.  Competition can consist of trying to 
achieve ever more, to outdo what others have done.  For example, in the old 
days, there was competition among programming wizards&mdash;competition for who 
could make the computer do the most amazing thing, or for who could make the 
shortest or fastest program for a given task.  This kind of competition can 
benefit everyone, <em>as long as</em> the spirit of good sportsmanship is 
maintained."
-msgstr "Il y a plusieurs fa&ccedil;ons de concourir. La comp&eacute;tition 
peut se pr&eacute;senter comme essayer d'aller plus loin, comme surpasser ce 
que d'autres ont d&eacute;j&agrave; r&eacute;alis&eacute;. Par exemple, jadis, 
il y avait concurrence entre les meilleurs programmeurs, afin que l'ordinateur 
fasse les choses les plus incroyables possible, ou encore &agrave; qui 
&eacute;crira le programme le plus court, le plus rapide pour une t&acirc;che 
donn&eacute;e. Ce genre de comp&eacute;tition est b&eacute;n&eacute;fique pour 
tous, <em>tant que</em> l'esprit de saine &eacute;mulation est maintenu."
+msgid ""
+"There are many ways to compete.  Competition can consist of trying to "
+"achieve ever more, to outdo what others have done.  For example, in the old "
+"days, there was competition among programming wizards&mdash;competition for "
+"who could make the computer do the most amazing thing, or for who could make "
+"the shortest or fastest program for a given task.  This kind of competition "
+"can benefit everyone, <em>as long as</em> the spirit of good sportsmanship "
+"is maintained."
+msgstr ""
+"Il y a plusieurs fa&ccedil;ons de concourir. La comp&eacute;tition peut se "
+"pr&eacute;senter comme essayer d'aller plus loin, comme surpasser ce que "
+"d'autres ont d&eacute;j&agrave; r&eacute;alis&eacute;. Par exemple, jadis, "
+"il y avait concurrence entre les meilleurs programmeurs, afin que "
+"l'ordinateur fasse les choses les plus incroyables possible, ou encore "
+"&agrave; qui &eacute;crira le programme le plus court, le plus rapide pour "
+"une t&acirc;che donn&eacute;e. Ce genre de comp&eacute;tition est b&eacute;"
+"n&eacute;fique pour tous, <em>tant que</em> l'esprit de saine &eacute;"
+"mulation est maintenu."
 
 # type: Content of: <p>
-msgid "Constructive competition is enough competition to motivate people to 
great efforts.  A number of people are competing to be the first to have 
visited all the countries on Earth; some even spend fortunes trying to do this. 
 But they do not bribe ship captains to strand their rivals on desert islands.  
They are content to let the best person win."
-msgstr "Une comp&eacute;tition constructive est suffisante pour pousser les 
gens &agrave; de grands efforts. Certains concourent pour &ecirc;tre les 
premiers &agrave; avoir visit&eacute; tous les pays du globe&nbsp;; il y en a 
m&ecirc;me qui d&eacute;pensent des fortunes pour cela. Mais ils ne corrompent 
pas les capitaines de navire pour que leurs rivaux soient &eacute;chou&eacute;s 
une &icirc;le d&eacute;serte. Ils se satisfont de laisser le meilleur gagner."
+msgid ""
+"Constructive competition is enough competition to motivate people to great "
+"efforts.  A number of people are competing to be the first to have visited "
+"all the countries on Earth; some even spend fortunes trying to do this.  But "
+"they do not bribe ship captains to strand their rivals on desert islands.  "
+"They are content to let the best person win."
+msgstr ""
+"Une comp&eacute;tition constructive est suffisante pour pousser les gens "
+"&agrave; de grands efforts. Certains concourent pour &ecirc;tre les premiers "
+"&agrave; avoir visit&eacute; tous les pays du globe&nbsp;; il y en a m&ecirc;"
+"me qui d&eacute;pensent des fortunes pour cela. Mais ils ne corrompent pas "
+"les capitaines de navire pour que leurs rivaux soient &eacute;chou&eacute;s "
+"une &icirc;le d&eacute;serte. Ils se satisfont de laisser le meilleur gagner."
 
 # type: Content of: <p>
-msgid "Competition becomes combat when the competitors begin trying to impede 
each other instead of advancing themselves&mdash;when &ldquo;Let the best 
person win&rdquo; gives way to &ldquo;Let me win, best or not.&rdquo; 
Proprietary software is harmful, not because it is a form of competition, but 
because it is a form of combat among the citizens of our society."
-msgstr "La comp&eacute;tition devient un combat quand les participants 
commencent &agrave; entraver les autres plut&ocirc;t que de progresser 
eux-m&ecirc;mes &mdash;&nbsp;c'est-&agrave;-dire quand le &laquo;&nbsp;que le 
meilleur gagne&nbsp;&raquo;fait la place au &laquo;&nbsp;laissez-moi gagner, 
que je sois le meilleur ou non&nbsp;&raquo;. Le logiciel propri&eacute;taire 
est nocif, non parce qu'il est une forme de comp&eacute;tition, mais parce 
qu'il est une forme de combat au sein des citoyens de notre 
soci&eacute;t&eacute;."
+msgid ""
+"Competition becomes combat when the competitors begin trying to impede each "
+"other instead of advancing themselves&mdash;when &ldquo;Let the best person "
+"win&rdquo; gives way to &ldquo;Let me win, best or not.&rdquo; Proprietary "
+"software is harmful, not because it is a form of competition, but because it "
+"is a form of combat among the citizens of our society."
+msgstr ""
+"La comp&eacute;tition devient un combat quand les participants commencent "
+"&agrave; entraver les autres plut&ocirc;t que de progresser eux-m&ecirc;mes "
+"&mdash;&nbsp;c'est-&agrave;-dire quand le &laquo;&nbsp;que le meilleur "
+"gagne&nbsp;&raquo;fait la place au &laquo;&nbsp;laissez-moi gagner, que je "
+"sois le meilleur ou non&nbsp;&raquo;. Le logiciel propri&eacute;taire est "
+"nocif, non parce qu'il est une forme de comp&eacute;tition, mais parce qu'il "
+"est une forme de combat au sein des citoyens de notre soci&eacute;t&eacute;."
 
 # type: Content of: <p>
-msgid "Competition in business is not necessarily combat.  For example, when 
two grocery stores compete, their entire effort is to improve their own 
operations, not to sabotage the rival.  But this does not demonstrate a special 
commitment to business ethics; rather, there is little scope for combat in this 
line of business short of physical violence.  Not all areas of business share 
this characteristic.  Withholding information that could help everyone advance 
is a form of combat."
-msgstr "La comp&eacute;tition dans les affaires n'est pas forc&eacute;ment un 
combat. Par exemple, lorsque deux &eacute;piceries sont en comp&eacute;tition, 
tout leur effort tend vers l'am&eacute;lioration de leurs propres services, pas 
&agrave; saboter leur rival. Mais ce n'est pas ce qui d&eacute;montre un 
engagement moral dans les affaires; plut&ocirc;t qu'il existe une faible zone 
de combat dans ce genre de business, &agrave; la limite de la violence 
physique. Tous les domaines des affaires ne partagent pas cette 
caract&eacute;ristique. La r&eacute;tention d'information utile &agrave; tous, 
c'est une forme de combat."
+msgid ""
+"Competition in business is not necessarily combat.  For example, when two "
+"grocery stores compete, their entire effort is to improve their own "
+"operations, not to sabotage the rival.  But this does not demonstrate a "
+"special commitment to business ethics; rather, there is little scope for "
+"combat in this line of business short of physical violence.  Not all areas "
+"of business share this characteristic.  Withholding information that could "
+"help everyone advance is a form of combat."
+msgstr ""
+"La comp&eacute;tition dans les affaires n'est pas forc&eacute;ment un "
+"combat. Par exemple, lorsque deux &eacute;piceries sont en comp&eacute;"
+"tition, tout leur effort tend vers l'am&eacute;lioration de leurs propres "
+"services, pas &agrave; saboter leur rival. Mais ce n'est pas ce qui d&eacute;"
+"montre un engagement moral dans les affaires; plut&ocirc;t qu'il existe une "
+"faible zone de combat dans ce genre de business, &agrave; la limite de la "
+"violence physique. Tous les domaines des affaires ne partagent pas cette "
+"caract&eacute;ristique. La r&eacute;tention d'information utile &agrave; "
+"tous, c'est une forme de combat."
 
 # type: Content of: <p>
-msgid "Business ideology does not prepare people to resist the temptation to 
combat the competition.  Some forms of combat have been banned with anti-trust 
laws, truth in advertising laws, and so on, but rather than generalizing this 
to a principled rejection of combat in general, executives invent other forms 
of combat which are not specifically prohibited.  Society's resources are 
squandered on the economic equivalent of factional civil war."
-msgstr "L'id&eacute;ologie, dans les affaires, ne pr&eacute;pare pas les gens 
&agrave; r&eacute;sister &agrave; la tentation de combattre, dans une 
comp&eacute;tition. Certaines formes de combat ont &eacute;t&eacute; interdites 
avec les lois anti-trusts, l'interdiction de la publicit&eacute; 
mensong&egrave;re, etc., mais plut&ocirc;t que de g&eacute;n&eacute;raliser le 
rejet du combat, les dirigeants inventent en g&eacute;n&eacute;ral d'autres 
formes de combat qui ne sont pas sp&eacute;cifiquement prohib&eacute;es. Les 
ressources de la soci&eacute;t&eacute; sont gaspill&eacute;es 
&eacute;conomiquement, &agrave; l'instar d'une guerre civile entre factions."
+msgid ""
+"Business ideology does not prepare people to resist the temptation to combat "
+"the competition.  Some forms of combat have been banned with anti-trust "
+"laws, truth in advertising laws, and so on, but rather than generalizing "
+"this to a principled rejection of combat in general, executives invent other "
+"forms of combat which are not specifically prohibited.  Society's resources "
+"are squandered on the economic equivalent of factional civil war."
+msgstr ""
+"L'id&eacute;ologie, dans les affaires, ne pr&eacute;pare pas les gens "
+"&agrave; r&eacute;sister &agrave; la tentation de combattre, dans une "
+"comp&eacute;tition. Certaines formes de combat ont &eacute;t&eacute; "
+"interdites avec les lois anti-trusts, l'interdiction de la publicit&eacute; "
+"mensong&egrave;re, etc., mais plut&ocirc;t que de g&eacute;n&eacute;raliser "
+"le rejet du combat, les dirigeants inventent en g&eacute;n&eacute;ral "
+"d'autres formes de combat qui ne sont pas sp&eacute;cifiquement "
+"prohib&eacute;es. Les ressources de la soci&eacute;t&eacute; sont "
+"gaspill&eacute;es &eacute;conomiquement, &agrave; l'instar d'une guerre "
+"civile entre factions."
 
 # type: Content of: <h3>
 msgid "&ldquo;Why Don't You Move to Russia?&rdquo;"
 msgstr "&laquo;&nbsp;Pourquoi n'irais-tu pas en Russie&nbsp;?&nbsp;&raquo;"
 
 # type: Content of: <p>
-msgid "In the United States, any advocate of other than the most extreme form 
of laissez-faire selfishness has often heard this accusation.  For example, it 
is leveled against the supporters of a national health care system, such as is 
found in all the other industrialized nations of the free world.  It is leveled 
against the advocates of public support for the arts, also universal in 
advanced nations.  The idea that citizens have any obligation to the public 
good is identified in America with Communism.  But how similar are these ideas?"
-msgstr "Aux &Eacute;tats-Unis, toute personne favorable &agrave; autre chose 
que le plus flagrant laissez-faire &eacute;go&iuml;ste a souvent entendu ce 
genre de r&eacute;flexion. On l'entend, par exemple, &agrave; l'encontre des 
partisans d'un syst&egrave;me de sant&eacute; publique, comme on en trouve dans 
les autres nations industrialis&eacute;es. Ou encore &agrave; propos des 
partisans d'un soutien public des arts, tout aussi universel chez les nations 
avanc&eacute;es. L'id&eacute;e que les citoyens aient une quelconque obligation 
de participer au bien public est consid&eacute;r&eacute;e comme du communisme, 
aux &Eacute;tats-Unis. Mais ce terme est-il bien appropri&eacute;&nbsp;?"
+msgid ""
+"In the United States, any advocate of other than the most extreme form of "
+"laissez-faire selfishness has often heard this accusation.  For example, it "
+"is leveled against the supporters of a national health care system, such as "
+"is found in all the other industrialized nations of the free world.  It is "
+"leveled against the advocates of public support for the arts, also universal "
+"in advanced nations.  The idea that citizens have any obligation to the "
+"public good is identified in America with Communism.  But how similar are "
+"these ideas?"
+msgstr ""
+"Aux &Eacute;tats-Unis, toute personne favorable &agrave; autre chose que le "
+"plus flagrant laissez-faire &eacute;go&iuml;ste a souvent entendu ce genre "
+"de r&eacute;flexion. On l'entend, par exemple, &agrave; l'encontre des "
+"partisans d'un syst&egrave;me de sant&eacute; publique, comme on en trouve "
+"dans les autres nations industrialis&eacute;es. Ou encore &agrave; propos "
+"des partisans d'un soutien public des arts, tout aussi universel chez les "
+"nations avanc&eacute;es. L'id&eacute;e que les citoyens aient une quelconque "
+"obligation de participer au bien public est consid&eacute;r&eacute;e comme "
+"du communisme, aux &Eacute;tats-Unis. Mais ce terme est-il bien "
+"appropri&eacute;&nbsp;?"
 
 # type: Content of: <p>
-msgid "Communism as was practiced in the Soviet Union was a system of central 
control where all activity was regimented, supposedly for the common good, but 
actually for the sake of the members of the Communist party. And where copying 
equipment was closely guarded to prevent illegal copying."
-msgstr "Le communisme, comme il &eacute;tait pratiqu&eacute; en Union 
Sovi&eacute;tique, &eacute;tait un syst&egrave;me de contr&ocirc;le 
centralis&eacute;, o&ugrave; toutes les activit&eacute;s &eacute;taient 
pass&eacute;es au crible du r&eacute;gime, soi-disant pour le bien public, mais 
en fait pour le bien des membres du Parti Communiste. Syst&egrave;me o&ugrave; 
les appareils permettant les copies &eacute;taient &eacute;troitement 
gard&eacute;s, pour emp&ecirc;cher les copies ill&eacute;gales."
+msgid ""
+"Communism as was practiced in the Soviet Union was a system of central "
+"control where all activity was regimented, supposedly for the common good, "
+"but actually for the sake of the members of the Communist party. And where "
+"copying equipment was closely guarded to prevent illegal copying."
+msgstr ""
+"Le communisme, comme il &eacute;tait pratiqu&eacute; en Union Sovi&eacute;"
+"tique, &eacute;tait un syst&egrave;me de contr&ocirc;le centralis&eacute;, "
+"o&ugrave; toutes les activit&eacute;s &eacute;taient pass&eacute;es au "
+"crible du r&eacute;gime, soi-disant pour le bien public, mais en fait pour "
+"le bien des membres du Parti Communiste. Syst&egrave;me o&ugrave; les "
+"appareils permettant les copies &eacute;taient &eacute;troitement "
+"gard&eacute;s, pour emp&ecirc;cher les copies ill&eacute;gales."
 
 # type: Content of: <p>
-msgid "The American system of software copyright exercises central control 
over distribution of a program, and guards copying equipment with automatic 
copying-protection schemes to prevent illegal copying."
-msgstr "Le syst&egrave;me am&eacute;ricain de la propri&eacute;t&eacute; 
intellectuelle exerce un contr&ocirc;le central sur la distribution d'un 
programme et surveille les copieurs gr&acirc;ce &agrave; des <a 
href=\"http://www.dfc.org/\";>syst&egrave;mes automatiques de protection contre 
la copie</a>, pour emp&ecirc;cher les copies ill&eacute;gales."
+msgid ""
+"The American system of software copyright exercises central control over "
+"distribution of a program, and guards copying equipment with automatic "
+"copying-protection schemes to prevent illegal copying."
+msgstr ""
+"Le syst&egrave;me am&eacute;ricain de la propri&eacute;t&eacute; "
+"intellectuelle exerce un contr&ocirc;le central sur la distribution d'un "
+"programme et surveille les copieurs gr&acirc;ce &agrave; des <a href="
+"\"http://www.dfc.org/\";>syst&egrave;mes automatiques de protection contre la "
+"copie</a>, pour emp&ecirc;cher les copies ill&eacute;gales."
 
 # type: Content of: <p>
-msgid "By contrast, I am working to build a system where people are free to 
decide their own actions; in particular, free to help their neighbors, and free 
to alter and improve the tools which they use in their daily lives.  A system 
based on voluntary cooperation and on decentralization."
-msgstr "Par opposition, je travaille &agrave; b&acirc;tir un syst&egrave;me 
o&ugrave; les gens sont libres de d&eacute;cider de leurs propres actions; en 
particulier, libres d'aider leur voisin, de modifier et d'am&eacute;liorer les 
outils qu'ils utilisent dans leur vie quotidienne. Un syst&egrave;me 
bas&eacute; sur la coop&eacute;ration volontaire et la d&eacute;centralisation."
+msgid ""
+"By contrast, I am working to build a system where people are free to decide "
+"their own actions; in particular, free to help their neighbors, and free to "
+"alter and improve the tools which they use in their daily lives.  A system "
+"based on voluntary cooperation and on decentralization."
+msgstr ""
+"Par opposition, je travaille &agrave; b&acirc;tir un syst&egrave;me "
+"o&ugrave; les gens sont libres de d&eacute;cider de leurs propres actions; "
+"en particulier, libres d'aider leur voisin, de modifier et d'am&eacute;"
+"liorer les outils qu'ils utilisent dans leur vie quotidienne. Un syst&egrave;"
+"me bas&eacute; sur la coop&eacute;ration volontaire et la d&eacute;"
+"centralisation."
 
 # type: Content of: <p>
-msgid "Thus, if we are to judge views by their resemblance to Russian 
Communism, it is the software owners who are the Communists."
-msgstr "Du coup, si on doit juger ces points de vue par leurs ressemblances au 
communisme sovi&eacute;tique, alors ce sont les propri&eacute;taires de 
logiciels qui sont les communistes."
+msgid ""
+"Thus, if we are to judge views by their resemblance to Russian Communism, it "
+"is the software owners who are the Communists."
+msgstr ""
+"Du coup, si on doit juger ces points de vue par leurs ressemblances au "
+"communisme sovi&eacute;tique, alors ce sont les propri&eacute;taires de "
+"logiciels qui sont les communistes."
 
 # type: Content of: <h3>
 msgid "The Question of Premises"
 msgstr "La question des pr&eacute;misses"
 
 # type: Content of: <p>
-msgid "I make the assumption in this paper that a user of software is no less 
important than an author, or even an author's employer.  In other words, their 
interests and needs have equal weight, when we decide which course of action is 
best."
-msgstr "Je fais la supposition, dans cet article, que l'utilisateur d'un 
logiciel n'est pas moins important qu'un auteur ou m&ecirc;me l'employeur d'un 
auteur. Autrement dit, lorsqu'on d&eacute;cide quelle est la meilleure marche 
&agrave; suivre, leurs int&eacute;r&ecirc;ts et leurs besoins ont autant 
d'importance."
+msgid ""
+"I make the assumption in this paper that a user of software is no less "
+"important than an author, or even an author's employer.  In other words, "
+"their interests and needs have equal weight, when we decide which course of "
+"action is best."
+msgstr ""
+"Je fais la supposition, dans cet article, que l'utilisateur d'un logiciel "
+"n'est pas moins important qu'un auteur ou m&ecirc;me l'employeur d'un "
+"auteur. Autrement dit, lorsqu'on d&eacute;cide quelle est la meilleure "
+"marche &agrave; suivre, leurs int&eacute;r&ecirc;ts et leurs besoins ont "
+"autant d'importance."
 
 # type: Content of: <p>
-msgid "This premise is not universally accepted.  Many maintain that an 
author's employer is fundamentally more important than anyone else.  They say, 
for example, that the purpose of having owners of software is to give the 
author's employer the advantage he deserves&mdash;regardless of how this may 
affect the public."
-msgstr "Cette pr&eacute;misse n'est pas universellement accept&eacute;e. 
Beaucoup maintiennent que l'employeur d'un auteur est fondamentalement plus 
important que n'importe qui d'autre. Ils disent, par exemple, que le but, 
d'avoir des propri&eacute;taires de logiciels, est de donner &agrave; 
l'employeur les avantages qui lui sont d&ucirc;s 
&mdash;&nbsp;ind&eacute;pendamment de l'effet sur le public."
+msgid ""
+"This premise is not universally accepted.  Many maintain that an author's "
+"employer is fundamentally more important than anyone else.  They say, for "
+"example, that the purpose of having owners of software is to give the "
+"author's employer the advantage he deserves&mdash;regardless of how this may "
+"affect the public."
+msgstr ""
+"Cette pr&eacute;misse n'est pas universellement accept&eacute;e. Beaucoup "
+"maintiennent que l'employeur d'un auteur est fondamentalement plus important "
+"que n'importe qui d'autre. Ils disent, par exemple, que le but, d'avoir des "
+"propri&eacute;taires de logiciels, est de donner &agrave; l'employeur les "
+"avantages qui lui sont d&ucirc;s &mdash;&nbsp;ind&eacute;pendamment de "
+"l'effet sur le public."
 
 # type: Content of: <p>
-msgid "It is no use trying to prove or disprove these premises.  Proof 
requires shared premises.  So most of what I have to say is addressed only to 
those who share the premises I use, or at least are interested in what their 
consequences are.  For those who believe that the owners are more important 
than everyone else, this paper is simply irrelevant."
-msgstr "Cela ne sert &agrave; rien de prouver ou non ces pr&eacute;misses. 
Prouver demande des pr&eacute;misses partag&eacute;es. C'est pourquoi la 
majorit&eacute; de mon discourss'adresse &agrave; ceux qui partagent les 
pr&eacute;misses que j'utilise, ou qui, au moins, sont int&eacute;ress&eacute;s 
par leurs cons&eacute;quences. Pour ceux qui croientque les 
propri&eacute;taires sont plus importants que tous les autres, pour 
ceux-l&agrave;, cet article n'est tout simplement pas pertinent."
+msgid ""
+"It is no use trying to prove or disprove these premises.  Proof requires "
+"shared premises.  So most of what I have to say is addressed only to those "
+"who share the premises I use, or at least are interested in what their "
+"consequences are.  For those who believe that the owners are more important "
+"than everyone else, this paper is simply irrelevant."
+msgstr ""
+"Cela ne sert &agrave; rien de prouver ou non ces pr&eacute;misses. Prouver "
+"demande des pr&eacute;misses partag&eacute;es. C'est pourquoi la "
+"majorit&eacute; de mon discourss'adresse &agrave; ceux qui partagent les "
+"pr&eacute;misses que j'utilise, ou qui, au moins, sont int&eacute;"
+"ress&eacute;s par leurs cons&eacute;quences. Pour ceux qui croientque les "
+"propri&eacute;taires sont plus importants que tous les autres, pour ceux-"
+"l&agrave;, cet article n'est tout simplement pas pertinent."
 
 # type: Content of: <p>
-msgid "But why would a large number of Americans accept a premise that 
elevates certain people in importance above everyone else? Partly because of 
the belief that this premise is part of the legal traditions of American 
society.  Some people feel that doubting the premise means challenging the 
basis of society."
-msgstr "Mais pourquoi un grand nombre d'Am&eacute;ricains accepteraient une 
pr&eacute;misse qui &eacute;l&egrave;verait certaines personnes au-dessus des 
autres&nbsp;? En partie &agrave; cause de la croyance que cette pr&eacute;misse 
fait partie des traditions l&eacute;gales de la soci&eacute;t&eacute; 
am&eacute;ricaine. Il y a des gens qui pensent que douter de la 
pr&eacute;misse, c'est d&eacute;fier les bases de la soci&eacute;t&eacute;."
+msgid ""
+"But why would a large number of Americans accept a premise that elevates "
+"certain people in importance above everyone else? Partly because of the "
+"belief that this premise is part of the legal traditions of American "
+"society.  Some people feel that doubting the premise means challenging the "
+"basis of society."
+msgstr ""
+"Mais pourquoi un grand nombre d'Am&eacute;ricains accepteraient une "
+"pr&eacute;misse qui &eacute;l&egrave;verait certaines personnes au-dessus "
+"des autres&nbsp;? En partie &agrave; cause de la croyance que cette "
+"pr&eacute;misse fait partie des traditions l&eacute;gales de la soci&eacute;"
+"t&eacute; am&eacute;ricaine. Il y a des gens qui pensent que douter de la "
+"pr&eacute;misse, c'est d&eacute;fier les bases de la soci&eacute;t&eacute;."
 
 # type: Content of: <p>
-msgid "It is important for these people to know that this premise is not part 
of our legal tradition.  It never has been."
-msgstr "Il est important pour ces gens de savoir que cette pr&eacute;misse ne 
fait pas partie de notre tradition l&eacute;gale. Ne l'a jamais 
&eacute;t&eacute;."
+msgid ""
+"It is important for these people to know that this premise is not part of "
+"our legal tradition.  It never has been."
+msgstr ""
+"Il est important pour ces gens de savoir que cette pr&eacute;misse ne fait "
+"pas partie de notre tradition l&eacute;gale. Ne l'a jamais &eacute;t&eacute;."
 
 # type: Content of: <p>
-msgid "Thus, the Constitution says that the purpose of copyright is to 
&ldquo;promote the progress of science and the useful arts.&rdquo; The Supreme 
Court has elaborated on this, stating in &lsquo;Fox Film vs. Doyal&rsquo; that 
&ldquo;The sole interest of the United States and the primary object in 
conferring the [copyright] monopoly lie in the general benefits derived by the 
public from the labors of authors.&rdquo;"
-msgstr "Ainsi, la Constitution dit que le but du copyright est de 
&laquo;&nbsp;promouvoir le progr&egrave;s des sciences et des arts 
utiles&nbsp;&raquo;. La cour Supr&ecirc;me l'a &eacute;labor&eacute; ainsi, 
&eacute;non&ccedil;ant dans la &laquo;&nbsp;Fox Film contre Doyal&nbsp;&raquo; 
que &laquo;&nbsp;l'int&eacute;r&ecirc;t unique des &Eacute;tats-Unis ainsi que 
l'objet principal du monopole [du copyright], r&eacute;sident dans les 
b&eacute;n&eacute;fices que retire le public du travail des 
auteurs&nbsp;&raquo;."
+msgid ""
+"Thus, the Constitution says that the purpose of copyright is to &ldquo;"
+"promote the progress of science and the useful arts.&rdquo; The Supreme "
+"Court has elaborated on this, stating in &lsquo;Fox Film vs. Doyal&rsquo; "
+"that &ldquo;The sole interest of the United States and the primary object in "
+"conferring the [copyright] monopoly lie in the general benefits derived by "
+"the public from the labors of authors.&rdquo;"
+msgstr ""
+"Ainsi, la Constitution dit que le but du copyright est de &laquo;&nbsp;"
+"promouvoir le progr&egrave;s des sciences et des arts utiles&nbsp;&raquo;. "
+"La cour Supr&ecirc;me l'a &eacute;labor&eacute; ainsi, &eacute;non&ccedil;"
+"ant dans la &laquo;&nbsp;Fox Film contre Doyal&nbsp;&raquo; que &laquo;&nbsp;"
+"l'int&eacute;r&ecirc;t unique des &Eacute;tats-Unis ainsi que l'objet "
+"principal du monopole [du copyright], r&eacute;sident dans les b&eacute;"
+"n&eacute;fices que retire le public du travail des auteurs&nbsp;&raquo;."
 
 # type: Content of: <p>
-msgid "We are not required to agree with the Constitution or the Supreme 
Court.  (At one time, they both condoned slavery.)  So their positions do not 
disprove the owner supremacy premise.  But I hope that the awareness that this 
is a radical right-wing assumption rather than a traditionally recognized one 
will weaken its appeal."
-msgstr "Nous ne sommes pas oblig&eacute;s d'approuver la Constitution ou la 
Cour Supr&ecirc;me (il fut un temps o&ugrave; les deux ont approuv&eacute; 
l'esclavage). Leurs positions ne r&eacute;futent donc pas la pr&eacute;misse de 
la supr&eacute;matie du propri&eacute;taire. Mais j'esp&egrave;re que la 
conscience qu'il s'agit d'une supposition de la droite radicale, plut&ocirc;t 
que d'une tradition reconnue, affaiblira son int&eacute;r&ecirc;t."
+msgid ""
+"We are not required to agree with the Constitution or the Supreme Court.  "
+"(At one time, they both condoned slavery.)  So their positions do not "
+"disprove the owner supremacy premise.  But I hope that the awareness that "
+"this is a radical right-wing assumption rather than a traditionally "
+"recognized one will weaken its appeal."
+msgstr ""
+"Nous ne sommes pas oblig&eacute;s d'approuver la Constitution ou la Cour "
+"Supr&ecirc;me (il fut un temps o&ugrave; les deux ont approuv&eacute; "
+"l'esclavage). Leurs positions ne r&eacute;futent donc pas la pr&eacute;misse "
+"de la supr&eacute;matie du propri&eacute;taire. Mais j'esp&egrave;re que la "
+"conscience qu'il s'agit d'une supposition de la droite radicale, plut&ocirc;"
+"t que d'une tradition reconnue, affaiblira son int&eacute;r&ecirc;t."
 
 # type: Content of: <h3>
 msgid "Conclusion"
 msgstr "Conclusion"
 
 # type: Content of: <p>
-msgid "We like to think that our society encourages helping your neighbor; but 
each time we reward someone for obstructionism, or admire them for the wealth 
they have gained in this way, we are sending the opposite message."
-msgstr "Nous aimons penser que notre soci&eacute;t&eacute; encourage &agrave; 
aider son voisin&nbsp;; mais chaque fois que nous r&eacute;compensons quelqu'un 
pour son obstructionnisme ou que nous l'admirons pour les richesses qu'il a 
accumul&eacute; ainsi, nous renvoyons le message contraire."
+msgid ""
+"We like to think that our society encourages helping your neighbor; but each "
+"time we reward someone for obstructionism, or admire them for the wealth "
+"they have gained in this way, we are sending the opposite message."
+msgstr ""
+"Nous aimons penser que notre soci&eacute;t&eacute; encourage &agrave; aider "
+"son voisin&nbsp;; mais chaque fois que nous r&eacute;compensons quelqu'un "
+"pour son obstructionnisme ou que nous l'admirons pour les richesses qu'il a "
+"accumul&eacute; ainsi, nous renvoyons le message contraire."
 
 # type: Content of: <p>
-msgid "Software hoarding is one form of our general willingness to disregard 
the welfare of society for personal gain.  We can trace this disregard from 
Ronald Reagan to Dick Cheney, from Exxon to Enron, from failing banks to 
failing schools.  We can measure it with the size of the homeless population 
and the prison population.  The antisocial spirit feeds on itself, because the 
more we see that other people will not help us, the more it seems futile to 
help them.  Thus society decays into a jungle."
-msgstr "La th&eacute;saurisation de logiciels est un exemple de notre 
volont&eacute; d'ignorer le bien-&ecirc;tre de la soci&eacute;t&eacute; pour le 
gain personnel. On peut en voir la trace depuis Ronald Reagan jusqu'&agrave; 
Dick Cheney, depuis Exxon &agrave; Enron, en passant par les &eacute;checs des 
banques et des &eacute;coles. Nous pouvons la mesurer &agrave; l'aune des 
sans-abri et de la population dans les prisons. L'esprit antisocial se nourrit 
de lui-m&ecirc;me, parce que plus on voit que les autres ne nous tendront pas 
la main, plus il nous semble futile de les aider. Ainsi, notre 
soci&eacute;t&eacute; d&eacute;g&eacute;n&egrave;re en jungle."
+msgid ""
+"Software hoarding is one form of our general willingness to disregard the "
+"welfare of society for personal gain.  We can trace this disregard from "
+"Ronald Reagan to Dick Cheney, from Exxon to Enron, from failing banks to "
+"failing schools.  We can measure it with the size of the homeless population "
+"and the prison population.  The antisocial spirit feeds on itself, because "
+"the more we see that other people will not help us, the more it seems futile "
+"to help them.  Thus society decays into a jungle."
+msgstr ""
+"La th&eacute;saurisation de logiciels est un exemple de notre volont&eacute; "
+"d'ignorer le bien-&ecirc;tre de la soci&eacute;t&eacute; pour le gain "
+"personnel. On peut en voir la trace depuis Ronald Reagan jusqu'&agrave; Dick "
+"Cheney, depuis Exxon &agrave; Enron, en passant par les &eacute;checs des "
+"banques et des &eacute;coles. Nous pouvons la mesurer &agrave; l'aune des "
+"sans-abri et de la population dans les prisons. L'esprit antisocial se "
+"nourrit de lui-m&ecirc;me, parce que plus on voit que les autres ne nous "
+"tendront pas la main, plus il nous semble futile de les aider. Ainsi, notre "
+"soci&eacute;t&eacute; d&eacute;g&eacute;n&egrave;re en jungle."
 
 # type: Content of: <p>
-msgid "If we don't want to live in a jungle, we must change our attitudes.  We 
must start sending the message that a good citizen is one who cooperates when 
appropriate, not one who is successful at taking from others.  I hope that the 
free software movement will contribute to this: at least in one area, we will 
replace the jungle with a more efficient system which encourages and runs on 
voluntary cooperation."
-msgstr "Si nous ne voulons pas vivre dans une jungle, nous devons changer nos 
attitudes. Nous devons commencer &agrave; lancer le message qu'un bon citoyen 
est un citoyen qui coop&egrave;re quand il le faut, que ce n'est pas celui qui 
r&eacute;ussit en volant les autres. J'esp&egrave;re que le mouvement du 
logiciel libre contribuera &agrave; cela&nbsp;: au moins dans un domaine, nous 
remplacerons la jungle par un syst&egrave;me plus efficace qui encouragera et 
se nourrira la coop&eacute;ration volontaire."
+msgid ""
+"If we don't want to live in a jungle, we must change our attitudes.  We must "
+"start sending the message that a good citizen is one who cooperates when "
+"appropriate, not one who is successful at taking from others.  I hope that "
+"the free software movement will contribute to this: at least in one area, we "
+"will replace the jungle with a more efficient system which encourages and "
+"runs on voluntary cooperation."
+msgstr ""
+"Si nous ne voulons pas vivre dans une jungle, nous devons changer nos "
+"attitudes. Nous devons commencer &agrave; lancer le message qu'un bon "
+"citoyen est un citoyen qui coop&egrave;re quand il le faut, que ce n'est pas "
+"celui qui r&eacute;ussit en volant les autres. J'esp&egrave;re que le "
+"mouvement du logiciel libre contribuera &agrave; cela&nbsp;: au moins dans "
+"un domaine, nous remplacerons la jungle par un syst&egrave;me plus efficace "
+"qui encouragera et se nourrira la coop&eacute;ration volontaire."
 
 # type: Content of: <h3>
 msgid "Footnotes"
 msgstr "Notes"
 
 # type: Content of: <ol><li>
-msgid "The word &ldquo;free&rdquo; in &ldquo;free software&rdquo; refers to 
freedom, not to price; the price paid for a copy of a free program may be zero, 
or small, or (rarely) quite large."
-msgstr "Le mot &laquo;&nbsp;free&nbsp;&raquo; dans &laquo;&nbsp;free 
software&nbsp;&raquo; signifie libre, et non gratuit [free d&eacute;signe les 
deux termes, en anglais]&nbsp;; le prix pay&eacute; pour une copie d'un 
programme libre peut &ecirc;tre nul, faible, ou (rarement) assez 
&eacute;lev&eacute;."
+msgid ""
+"The word &ldquo;free&rdquo; in &ldquo;free software&rdquo; refers to "
+"freedom, not to price; the price paid for a copy of a free program may be "
+"zero, or small, or (rarely) quite large."
+msgstr ""
+"Le mot &laquo;&nbsp;free&nbsp;&raquo; dans &laquo;&nbsp;free software&nbsp;"
+"&raquo; signifie libre, et non gratuit [free d&eacute;signe les deux termes, "
+"en anglais]&nbsp;; le prix pay&eacute; pour une copie d'un programme libre "
+"peut &ecirc;tre nul, faible, ou (rarement) assez &eacute;lev&eacute;."
 
 # type: Content of: <ol><li>
-msgid "The issues of pollution and traffic congestion do not alter this 
conclusion.  If we wish to make driving more expensive to discourage driving in 
general, it is disadvantageous to do this using toll booths, which contribute 
to both pollution and congestion.  A tax on gasoline is much better.  Likewise, 
a desire to enhance safety by limiting maximum speed is not relevant; a 
free-access road enhances the average speed by avoiding stops and delays, for 
any given speed limit."
-msgstr "Les probl&egrave;mes de pollution et de congestion du trafic ne 
modifient pas cette conclusion. Si nous d&eacute;sirons rendre plus 
co&ucirc;teuse la conduite afin de la d&eacute;courager, il n'est pas 
avantageux de le faire en mettant en place des p&eacute;ages, qui participent 
et &agrave; la pollution et &agrave; la congestion. Une taxe sur l'essence 
serait bien mieux. Pareillement, le d&eacute;sir de renforcer la 
s&eacute;curit&eacute; en limitant la vitesse maximale n'est pas pertinent; un 
acc&egrave;s gratuit aux routes am&eacute;liore la vitesse moyenne en 
&eacute;vitant arr&ecirc;ts et retards, quelle que soit la limitation de 
vitesse."
+msgid ""
+"The issues of pollution and traffic congestion do not alter this "
+"conclusion.  If we wish to make driving more expensive to discourage driving "
+"in general, it is disadvantageous to do this using toll booths, which "
+"contribute to both pollution and congestion.  A tax on gasoline is much "
+"better.  Likewise, a desire to enhance safety by limiting maximum speed is "
+"not relevant; a free-access road enhances the average speed by avoiding "
+"stops and delays, for any given speed limit."
+msgstr ""
+"Les probl&egrave;mes de pollution et de congestion du trafic ne modifient "
+"pas cette conclusion. Si nous d&eacute;sirons rendre plus co&ucirc;teuse la "
+"conduite afin de la d&eacute;courager, il n'est pas avantageux de le faire "
+"en mettant en place des p&eacute;ages, qui participent et &agrave; la "
+"pollution et &agrave; la congestion. Une taxe sur l'essence serait bien "
+"mieux. Pareillement, le d&eacute;sir de renforcer la s&eacute;curit&eacute; "
+"en limitant la vitesse maximale n'est pas pertinent; un acc&egrave;s gratuit "
+"aux routes am&eacute;liore la vitesse moyenne en &eacute;vitant arr&ecirc;ts "
+"et retards, quelle que soit la limitation de vitesse."
 
 # type: Content of: <ol><li>
-msgid "One might regard a particular computer program as a harmful thing that 
should not be available at all, like the Lotus Marketplace database of personal 
information, which was withdrawn from sale due to public disapproval.  Most of 
what I say does not apply to this case, but it makes little sense to argue for 
having an owner on the grounds that the owner will make the program less 
available.  The owner will not make it <em>completely</em> unavailable, as one 
would wish in the case of a program whose use is considered destructive."
-msgstr "On peut voir un logiciel particulier comme une chose nocive, qui ne 
devrait &ecirc;tre accessible &agrave; personne, &agrave; l'instar de la base 
de donn&eacute;es d'informations personnelles de Lotus (Marketplace), qui a 
&eacute;t&eacute; retir&eacute;e des ventes suite &agrave; la 
d&eacute;sapprobation du public. La plus grande partie de mon discours ne 
s'applique pas &agrave; ce cas, mais pr&eacute;f&eacute;rer un 
propri&eacute;taire dans la mesure o&ugrave; cela rendrait le programme moins 
disponible n'est pas tr&egrave;s sens&eacute;. Le propri&eacute;taire ne le 
rendra pas <em>compl&egrave;tement</em> indisponible, comme on pourrait le 
souhaiter pour un programme consid&eacute;r&eacute; comme nocif."
+msgid ""
+"One might regard a particular computer program as a harmful thing that "
+"should not be available at all, like the Lotus Marketplace database of "
+"personal information, which was withdrawn from sale due to public "
+"disapproval.  Most of what I say does not apply to this case, but it makes "
+"little sense to argue for having an owner on the grounds that the owner will "
+"make the program less available.  The owner will not make it <em>completely</"
+"em> unavailable, as one would wish in the case of a program whose use is "
+"considered destructive."
+msgstr ""
+"On peut voir un logiciel particulier comme une chose nocive, qui ne devrait "
+"&ecirc;tre accessible &agrave; personne, &agrave; l'instar de la base de "
+"donn&eacute;es d'informations personnelles de Lotus (Marketplace), qui a "
+"&eacute;t&eacute; retir&eacute;e des ventes suite &agrave; la d&eacute;"
+"sapprobation du public. La plus grande partie de mon discours ne s'applique "
+"pas &agrave; ce cas, mais pr&eacute;f&eacute;rer un propri&eacute;taire dans "
+"la mesure o&ugrave; cela rendrait le programme moins disponible n'est pas "
+"tr&egrave;s sens&eacute;. Le propri&eacute;taire ne le rendra pas "
+"<em>compl&egrave;tement</em> indisponible, comme on pourrait le souhaiter "
+"pour un programme consid&eacute;r&eacute; comme nocif."
 
 # type: Content of: <h4>
-msgid "This essay is published in <a 
href=\"http://shop.fsf.org/product/free-software-free-society/\";><cite>Free 
Software, Free Society: The Selected Essays of Richard M. Stallman</cite></a>"
-msgstr "Cet essai est publi&eacute; dans <a 
href=\"http://shop.fsf.org/product/free-software-free-society/\";><cite>Free 
Software, Free Society: The Selected Essays of Richard M. Stallman</cite></a>"
+msgid ""
+"This essay is published in <a href=\"http://shop.fsf.org/product/free-";
+"software-free-society/\"><cite>Free Software, Free Society: The Selected "
+"Essays of Richard M. Stallman</cite></a>"
+msgstr ""
+"Cet essai est publi&eacute; dans <a href=\"http://shop.fsf.org/product/free-";
+"software-free-society/\"><cite>Free Software, Free Society: The Selected "
+"Essays of Richard M. Stallman</cite></a>"
 
 # type: Content of: <div>
 #. TRANSLATORS: Use space (SPC) as msgstr if you don't have notes.
@@ -649,34 +2023,51 @@
 msgstr " "
 
 # type: Content of: <div><p>
-#| msgid ""
-#| "Please send FSF &amp; GNU inquiries to <a href=\"mailto:address@hidden";
-#| "\"><em>address@hidden</em></a>.  There are also <a 
href=\"/contact/\">other "
-#| "ways to contact</a> the FSF.  <br /> Please send broken links and other "
-#| "corrections or suggestions to <a href=\"mailto:address@hidden";
-#| "\"><em>address@hidden</em></a>."
-msgid "Please send FSF &amp; GNU inquiries to <a 
href=\"mailto:address@hidden";>&lt;address@hidden&gt;</a>.  There are also <a 
href=\"/contact/\">other ways to contact</a> the FSF.  <br /> Please send 
broken links and other corrections or suggestions to <a 
href=\"mailto:address@hidden";>&lt;address@hidden&gt;</a>."
-msgstr "Veuillez envoyer les requêtes concernant la FSF et GNU à <a 
href=\"mailto:address@hidden";><em>address@hidden</em></a>. Il existe aussi <a 
href=\"/contact/\">d'autres moyens de contacter</a> la FSF. <br /> Veuillez 
envoyer les liens orphelins ou d'autres suggestions à <a 
href=\"mailto:address@hidden";>&lt;address@hidden&gt;</a>."
+msgid ""
+"Please send FSF &amp; GNU inquiries to <a href=\"mailto:address@hidden";>&lt;"
+"address@hidden&gt;</a>.  There are also <a href=\"/contact/\">other ways to "
+"contact</a> the FSF.  <br /> Please send broken links and other corrections "
+"or suggestions to <a href=\"mailto:address@hidden";>&lt;address@hidden"
+"org&gt;</a>."
+msgstr ""
+"Veuillez envoyer les requêtes concernant la FSF et GNU à <a href=\"mailto:";
+"address@hidden"><em>address@hidden</em></a>. Il existe aussi <a 
href=\"/contact/"
+"\">d'autres moyens de contacter</a> la FSF. <br /> Veuillez envoyer les "
+"liens orphelins ou d'autres suggestions à <a href=\"mailto:address@hidden";
+"\">&lt;address@hidden&gt;</a>."
 
 # type: Content of: <div><p>
-msgid "Please see the <a 
href=\"/server/standards/README.translations.html\">Translations README</a> for 
information on coordinating and submitting translations of this article."
-msgstr "Veuillez consulter le <a 
href=\"/server/standards/README.translations.fr.html\">README des 
traductions</a> pour des informations sur la coordination et la soumission de 
traductions de cet article."
+msgid ""
+"Please see the <a href=\"/server/standards/README.translations.html"
+"\">Translations README</a> for information on coordinating and submitting "
+"translations of this article."
+msgstr ""
+"Veuillez consulter le <a href=\"/server/standards/README.translations.fr.html"
+"\">README des traductions</a> pour des informations sur la coordination et "
+"la soumission de traductions de cet article."
 
 # type: Content of: <div><p>
-#| msgid ""
-#| "Copyright &copy; 1998, 2000, 2001, 2006, 2007 Free Software Foundation, "
-#| "Inc.,"
-msgid "Copyright &copy; 1998, 2000, 2001, 2006, 2007 Free Software Foundation, 
Inc."
-msgstr "Copyright &copy; 1998, 2000, 2001, 2006, 2007 Free Software 
Foundation, Inc."
+msgid ""
+"Copyright &copy; 1998, 2000, 2001, 2006, 2007 Free Software Foundation, Inc."
+msgstr ""
+"Copyright &copy; 1998, 2000, 2001, 2006, 2007 Free Software Foundation, Inc."
 
 # type: Content of: <div><p>
-msgid "Verbatim copying and distribution of this entire article are permitted 
worldwide, without royalty, in any medium, provided this notice, and the 
copyright notice, are preserved."
-msgstr "La reproduction exacte et la distribution intégrale de cet article 
est permise sur n'importe quel support d'archivage, pourvu que cette notice 
soit préservée."
+msgid ""
+"Verbatim copying and distribution of this entire article are permitted "
+"worldwide, without royalty, in any medium, provided this notice, and the "
+"copyright notice, are preserved."
+msgstr ""
+"La reproduction exacte et la distribution intégrale de cet article est "
+"permise sur n'importe quel support d'archivage, pourvu que cette notice soit "
+"préservée."
 
 # type: Content of: <div><div>
 #. TRANSLATORS: Use space (SPC) as msgstr if you don't want credits.
 msgid "*GNUN-SLOT: TRANSLATOR'S CREDITS*"
-msgstr "Traduction&nbsp;: Benjamin Drieu.<br /> Révision&nbsp;: <a 
href=\"mailto:trad-gnu&#64;april.org\";>trad-gnu&#64;april.org</a>"
+msgstr ""
+"Traduction&nbsp;: Benjamin Drieu.<br /> Révision&nbsp;: <a href=\"mailto:";
+"trad-gnu&#64;april.org\">trad-gnu&#64;april.org</a>"
 
 # type: Content of: <div><p>
 #.  timestamp start
@@ -686,4 +2077,3 @@
 # type: Content of: <div><h4>
 msgid "Translations of this page"
 msgstr "Traductions de cette page"
-

Index: philosophy/po/social-inertia.fr.po
===================================================================
RCS file: /web/www/www/philosophy/po/social-inertia.fr.po,v
retrieving revision 1.4
retrieving revision 1.5
diff -u -b -r1.4 -r1.5
--- philosophy/po/social-inertia.fr.po  29 Nov 2009 17:55:31 -0000      1.4
+++ philosophy/po/social-inertia.fr.po  30 Nov 2009 21:27:03 -0000      1.5
@@ -15,84 +15,137 @@
 "Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit\n"
 
 # type: Content of: <title>
-msgid "Overcoming Social Inertia - GNU Project - Free Software Foundation 
(FSF)"
-msgstr "Vaincre l'inertie sociale - GNU Project - Free Software Foundation 
(FSF)"
+msgid ""
+"Overcoming Social Inertia - GNU Project - Free Software Foundation (FSF)"
+msgstr ""
+"Vaincre l'inertie sociale - GNU Project - Free Software Foundation (FSF)"
 
 # type: Content of: <h2>
 msgid "Overcoming Social Inertia"
 msgstr "Vaincre l'inertie sociale"
 
 # type: Content of: <p>
-msgid "by <a href=\"http://www.stallman.org/\";><strong>Richard 
Stallman</strong></a>"
-msgstr "par <a href=\"http://www.stallman.org/\";><strong>Richard 
Stallman</strong></a>"
-
-# type: Content of: <p>
-#| msgid ""
-#| "15 years have passed since the combination of GNU and Linux first made it "
-#| "possible to use a PC in freedom.  During that time, we have come a long "
-#| "way.  You can even buy a laptop with GNU/Linux preinstalled from more "
-#| "than one hardware vendor, although the systems they ship are not entirely "
-#| "free software.  So what holds us back from total success?"
-msgid "Almost two decades have passed since the combination of GNU and Linux 
first made it possible to use a PC in freedom.  We have come a long way since 
then.  Now you can even buy a laptop with GNU/Linux preinstalled from more than 
one hardware vendor&mdash;although the systems they ship are not entirely free 
software.  So what holds us back from total success?"
-msgstr "Quinze ans ont pass&eacute; depuis que la combinaison de GNU et de 
Linux a permis pour la premi&egrave;re fois l'utilisation d'un PC en toute 
libert&eacute;. Pendant ce temps, nous avons parcouru beaucoup de chemin. Vous 
pouvez m&ecirc;me acheter un portable avec GNU/Linux pr&eacute;-install&eacute; 
chez plus d'un vendeur de mat&eacute;riel, bien que les syst&egrave;mes qu'ils 
fournissent ne soient pas totalement constitu&eacute;s de logiciels libres. 
Alors, qu'est-ce qui nous emp&ecirc;che d'obtenir un succ&egrave;s total&nbsp;?"
-
-# type: Content of: <p>
-#| msgid ""
-#| "The main obstacle to the triumph of software freedom is social inertia.  "
-#| "You have surely seen its many forms.  Many commercial web sites are only "
-#| "accessible with Windows.  The BBC's iPlayer handcuffware runs only on "
-#| "Windows.  If you value short-term convenience instead of freedom, you "
-#| "might consider these reasons to use Windows.  Most companies currently "
-#| "use Windows, so students who think short-term want to learn Windows, and "
-#| "ask schools to teach Windows, which they do, thus leading many other "
-#| "students to use Windows.  Microsoft actively nurtures this inertia: it "
-#| "encourages schools to inculcate dependency on Windows, and contracts to "
-#| "set up web sites, which then turn out to work only with Internet Explorer."
-msgid "The main obstacle to the triumph of software freedom is social inertia. 
 It exists in many forms, and you have surely seen some of them.  Examples 
include devices that only work on Windows, commercial Web sites accessible only 
with Windows, and the BBC's iPlayer handcuffware, which runs only on Windows.  
If you value short-term convenience instead of freedom, you might consider 
these reason enough to use Windows.  Most companies currently run Windows, so 
students who think short-term want to learn how to use it and ask their schools 
to teach it.  Schools teach Windows, produce graduates that are used to using 
Windows, and this encourages businesses to use Windows."
-msgstr "Le principal obstacle au triomphe des logiciels libres est l'inertie 
sociale. Vous avez s&ucirc;rement constat&eacute; ses multiples formes. 
Beaucoup de sites Web commerciauxne sont accessibles qu'avec Windows. Le 
menoticiel de la BBC, iPlayer, ne fonctionne que sous Windows. Si vous 
privil&eacute;giez la commodit&eacute; &agrave; court terme plut&ocirc;t que la 
libert&eacute;, vous pourriez envisager ces raisons pour utiliser Windows. La 
plupart des entreprises utilisent actuellement Windows, donc les 
&eacute;tudiants qui pensent &agrave; court terme veulent apprendre Windows et 
demandent aux &eacute;coles d'enseigner Windows, ce qu'elles font, conduisant 
par cons&eacute;quent beaucoup d'autres &eacute;tudiants &agrave; utiliser 
Windows, et ceci encourage les entreprises à utiliser Windows."
-
-# type: Content of: <p>
-msgid "Microsoft actively nurtures this inertia: it encourages schools to 
inculcate dependency on Windows, and contracts to set up Web sites that then 
turn out to work only with Internet Explorer."
-msgstr "Microsoft nourrit activement cette inertie&nbsp;: il encourage les 
écoles à inculquer la dépendance à Windows, et fait des contrats pour 
réaliser des sites qui s'avèrent ne fonctionner qu'avec Internet Explorer."
-
-# type: Content of: <p>
-#| msgid ""
-#| "A few years ago, Microsoft ads argued that Windows was cheaper to run "
-#| "than GNU/Linux.  Their comparisons were debunked, but it is worth noting "
-#| "the deeper flaw that their arguments reduce to social inertia: &ldquo;"
-#| "Currently, more technical people know Windows than GNU/Linux.&rdquo; "
-#| "People that value their freedom would not give it up to save money, but "
-#| "many business executives believe ideologically that everything they "
-#| "possess, even their freedom, should be for sale."
-msgid "A few years ago, Microsoft ads argued that Windows was cheaper to run 
than GNU/Linux.  Their comparisons were debunked, but it is worth noting the 
deeper flaw in their argument, the implicit premise which cites a form of 
social inertia: &ldquo;Currently, more technical people know Windows than 
GNU/Linux.&rdquo; People who value their freedom would not give it up to save 
money, but many business executives believe ideologically that everything they 
possess, even their freedom, should be for sale."
-msgstr "Il y a quelques ann&eacute;es, les publicit&eacute;s de Microsoft 
soutenaient que Windows revenait moins cher que GNU/Linux. Leurs comparaisons 
ont &eacute;t&eacute; d&eacute;mystifi&eacute;es, mais il est 
int&eacute;ressant de noter que le plus s&eacute;rieux de leurs arguments se 
r&eacute;duit &agrave; l'inertie sociale&nbsp;: &laquo;&nbsp;Actuellement, plus 
de personnes dans la technique connaissent Windows que GNU/Linux.&nbsp;&raquo; 
Les gens qui accordent de la valeur &agrave; leur libert&eacute; ne 
l'abandonneraient pas pour &eacute;conomiser de l'argent, mais beaucoup de 
dirigeants de soci&eacute;t&eacute;s croient id&eacute;ologiquement que tout ce 
qu'ils poss&egrave;dent, m&ecirc;me leur libert&eacute;, devrait &ecirc;tre 
&agrave; vendre."
-
-# type: Content of: <p>
-#| msgid ""
-#| "Social inertia consists of people giving in to social inertia.  When you "
-#| "give in to social inertia, you become part of it; when you resist it, you "
-#| "reduce it.  We conquer inertia by identifying it, and resolving not to be "
-#| "part of it."
-msgid "Social inertia consists of people who have given in to social inertia.  
When you surrender to social inertia, you become part of the pressure it exerts 
on others; when you resist it, you reduce it.  We conquer social inertia by 
identifying it, and resolving not to be part of it."
-msgstr "L'inertie sociale se constitue de gens penchant vers l'inertie 
sociale. Quand vous vous laissez gagner par l'inertie sociale, vous 
l'alimentez&nbsp;; quand vous lui r&eacute;sistez, vous la r&eacute;duisez. 
Nous vainquons l'inertie en l'identifiant et en d&eacute;cidant de ne pas en 
faire partie."
-
-# type: Content of: <p>
-#| msgid ""
-#| "Here is where the philosophical weakness of most of our community holds "
-#| "us back.  Most GNU/Linux users have never even heard the ideas of freedom "
-#| "that motivated the development of GNU, so they still judge matters based "
-#| "on short-term convenience rather than on their freedom.  This makes them "
-#| "vulnerable to being led by the nose, through social inertia."
-msgid "Here a weakness holds our community back: most GNU/Linux users have 
never even heard the ideas of freedom that motivated the development of GNU, so 
they still judge matters based on short-term convenience rather than on their 
freedom.  This makes them vulnerable to being led by the nose by social 
inertia, so that they become part of the inertia."
-msgstr "Voici o&ugrave; la faiblesse philosophique de la plus grande partie de 
notre communaut&eacute; nous freine. La plupart des utilisateurs de GNU/Linux 
n'ont m&ecirc;me jamais entendu parlé des id&eacute;es de libert&eacute; qui 
ont motiv&eacute; le d&eacute;veloppement de GNU, ils jugent donc encore les 
choses selon des crit&egrave;res de commodit&eacute; &agrave; court terme 
plut&ocirc;t que de libert&eacute;. Cela les rend tout dispos&eacute;s &agrave; 
&ecirc;tre men&eacute;s par le bout du nez, via l'inertiesociale."
-
-# type: Content of: <p>
-#| msgid ""
-#| "To change this, we need to talk about free software and freedom &mdash; "
-#| "not merely practical benefits such as cited by open source.  Thus we can "
-#| "build our community's strength and resolve to overcome social inertia."
-msgid "To build our community's strength to resist, we need to talk about free 
software and freedom&mdash;not merely about the practical benefits that open 
source supporters cite.  As more people recognize what they need to do to 
overcome the inertia, we will make more progress."
-msgstr "Pour changer cela, nous devons parler de logiciels libres et de 
libert&eacute; &mdash; pas seulement des b&eacute;n&eacute;fices pratiques 
comme ceux avanc&eacute;s par l'open source. Ainsi, nous pourrons &eacute;tayer 
la force de notre communaut&eacute; et nous parviendrons &agrave; vaincre 
l'inertie sociale."
+msgid ""
+"by <a href=\"http://www.stallman.org/\";><strong>Richard Stallman</strong></a>"
+msgstr ""
+"par <a href=\"http://www.stallman.org/\";><strong>Richard Stallman</strong></"
+"a>"
+
+# type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"Almost two decades have passed since the combination of GNU and Linux first "
+"made it possible to use a PC in freedom.  We have come a long way since "
+"then.  Now you can even buy a laptop with GNU/Linux preinstalled from more "
+"than one hardware vendor&mdash;although the systems they ship are not "
+"entirely free software.  So what holds us back from total success?"
+msgstr ""
+"Quinze ans ont pass&eacute; depuis que la combinaison de GNU et de Linux a "
+"permis pour la premi&egrave;re fois l'utilisation d'un PC en toute "
+"libert&eacute;. Pendant ce temps, nous avons parcouru beaucoup de chemin. "
+"Vous pouvez m&ecirc;me acheter un portable avec GNU/Linux pr&eacute;-"
+"install&eacute; chez plus d'un vendeur de mat&eacute;riel, bien que les "
+"syst&egrave;mes qu'ils fournissent ne soient pas totalement constitu&eacute;"
+"s de logiciels libres. Alors, qu'est-ce qui nous emp&ecirc;che d'obtenir un "
+"succ&egrave;s total&nbsp;?"
+
+# type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"The main obstacle to the triumph of software freedom is social inertia.  It "
+"exists in many forms, and you have surely seen some of them.  Examples "
+"include devices that only work on Windows, commercial Web sites accessible "
+"only with Windows, and the BBC's iPlayer handcuffware, which runs only on "
+"Windows.  If you value short-term convenience instead of freedom, you might "
+"consider these reason enough to use Windows.  Most companies currently run "
+"Windows, so students who think short-term want to learn how to use it and "
+"ask their schools to teach it.  Schools teach Windows, produce graduates "
+"that are used to using Windows, and this encourages businesses to use "
+"Windows."
+msgstr ""
+"Le principal obstacle au triomphe des logiciels libres est l'inertie "
+"sociale. Vous avez s&ucirc;rement constat&eacute; ses multiples formes. "
+"Beaucoup de sites Web commerciauxne sont accessibles qu'avec Windows. Le "
+"menoticiel de la BBC, iPlayer, ne fonctionne que sous Windows. Si vous "
+"privil&eacute;giez la commodit&eacute; &agrave; court terme plut&ocirc;t que "
+"la libert&eacute;, vous pourriez envisager ces raisons pour utiliser "
+"Windows. La plupart des entreprises utilisent actuellement Windows, donc les "
+"&eacute;tudiants qui pensent &agrave; court terme veulent apprendre Windows "
+"et demandent aux &eacute;coles d'enseigner Windows, ce qu'elles font, "
+"conduisant par cons&eacute;quent beaucoup d'autres &eacute;tudiants &agrave; "
+"utiliser Windows, et ceci encourage les entreprises à utiliser Windows."
+
+# type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"Microsoft actively nurtures this inertia: it encourages schools to inculcate "
+"dependency on Windows, and contracts to set up Web sites that then turn out "
+"to work only with Internet Explorer."
+msgstr ""
+"Microsoft nourrit activement cette inertie&nbsp;: il encourage les écoles à 
"
+"inculquer la dépendance à Windows, et fait des contrats pour réaliser des "
+"sites qui s'avèrent ne fonctionner qu'avec Internet Explorer."
+
+# type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"A few years ago, Microsoft ads argued that Windows was cheaper to run than "
+"GNU/Linux.  Their comparisons were debunked, but it is worth noting the "
+"deeper flaw in their argument, the implicit premise which cites a form of "
+"social inertia: &ldquo;Currently, more technical people know Windows than "
+"GNU/Linux.&rdquo; People who value their freedom would not give it up to "
+"save money, but many business executives believe ideologically that "
+"everything they possess, even their freedom, should be for sale."
+msgstr ""
+"Il y a quelques ann&eacute;es, les publicit&eacute;s de Microsoft "
+"soutenaient que Windows revenait moins cher que GNU/Linux. Leurs "
+"comparaisons ont &eacute;t&eacute; d&eacute;mystifi&eacute;es, mais il est "
+"int&eacute;ressant de noter que le plus s&eacute;rieux de leurs arguments se "
+"r&eacute;duit &agrave; l'inertie sociale&nbsp;: &laquo;&nbsp;Actuellement, "
+"plus de personnes dans la technique connaissent Windows que GNU/Linux.&nbsp;"
+"&raquo; Les gens qui accordent de la valeur &agrave; leur libert&eacute; ne "
+"l'abandonneraient pas pour &eacute;conomiser de l'argent, mais beaucoup de "
+"dirigeants de soci&eacute;t&eacute;s croient id&eacute;ologiquement que tout "
+"ce qu'ils poss&egrave;dent, m&ecirc;me leur libert&eacute;, devrait &ecirc;"
+"tre &agrave; vendre."
+
+# type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"Social inertia consists of people who have given in to social inertia.  When "
+"you surrender to social inertia, you become part of the pressure it exerts "
+"on others; when you resist it, you reduce it.  We conquer social inertia by "
+"identifying it, and resolving not to be part of it."
+msgstr ""
+"L'inertie sociale se constitue de gens penchant vers l'inertie sociale. "
+"Quand vous vous laissez gagner par l'inertie sociale, vous "
+"l'alimentez&nbsp;; quand vous lui r&eacute;sistez, vous la r&eacute;duisez. "
+"Nous vainquons l'inertie en l'identifiant et en d&eacute;cidant de ne pas en "
+"faire partie."
+
+# type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"Here a weakness holds our community back: most GNU/Linux users have never "
+"even heard the ideas of freedom that motivated the development of GNU, so "
+"they still judge matters based on short-term convenience rather than on "
+"their freedom.  This makes them vulnerable to being led by the nose by "
+"social inertia, so that they become part of the inertia."
+msgstr ""
+"Voici o&ugrave; la faiblesse philosophique de la plus grande partie de notre "
+"communaut&eacute; nous freine. La plupart des utilisateurs de GNU/Linux "
+"n'ont m&ecirc;me jamais entendu parlé des id&eacute;es de libert&eacute; qui 
"
+"ont motiv&eacute; le d&eacute;veloppement de GNU, ils jugent donc encore les "
+"choses selon des crit&egrave;res de commodit&eacute; &agrave; court terme "
+"plut&ocirc;t que de libert&eacute;. Cela les rend tout dispos&eacute;s "
+"&agrave; &ecirc;tre men&eacute;s par le bout du nez, via l'inertiesociale."
+
+# type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"To build our community's strength to resist, we need to talk about free "
+"software and freedom&mdash;not merely about the practical benefits that open "
+"source supporters cite.  As more people recognize what they need to do to "
+"overcome the inertia, we will make more progress."
+msgstr ""
+"Pour changer cela, nous devons parler de logiciels libres et de "
+"libert&eacute; &mdash; pas seulement des b&eacute;n&eacute;fices pratiques "
+"comme ceux avanc&eacute;s par l'open source. Ainsi, nous pourrons &eacute;"
+"tayer la force de notre communaut&eacute; et nous parviendrons &agrave; "
+"vaincre l'inertie sociale."
 
 # type: Content of: <div>
 #. TRANSLATORS: Use space (SPC) as msgstr if you don't have notes.
@@ -100,25 +153,49 @@
 msgstr " "
 
 # type: Content of: <div><p>
-msgid "Please send FSF &amp; GNU inquiries to <a 
href=\"mailto:address@hidden";><em>address@hidden</em></a>.  There are also <a 
href=\"/contact/\">other ways to contact</a> the FSF.  <br /> Please send 
broken links and other corrections or suggestions to <a 
href=\"mailto:address@hidden";><em>address@hidden</em></a>."
-msgstr "Veuillez envoyer les requêtes concernant la FSF et GNU à <a 
href=\"mailto:address@hidden";><em>address@hidden</em></a>. Il existe aussi <a 
href=\"/contact/\">d'autres moyens de contacter</a> la FSF. <br /> Veuillez 
envoyer les liens orphelins ou d'autres suggestions sur cette page Web aux <a 
href=\"/people/webmeisters.html\">webmestres de GNU</a> à l'adresse <a 
href=\"mailto:address@hidden";><em>address@hidden</em></a>."
+msgid ""
+"Please send FSF &amp; GNU inquiries to <a href=\"mailto:address@hidden";
+"\"><em>address@hidden</em></a>.  There are also <a href=\"/contact/\">other "
+"ways to contact</a> the FSF.  <br /> Please send broken links and other "
+"corrections or suggestions to <a href=\"mailto:address@hidden";
+"\"><em>address@hidden</em></a>."
+msgstr ""
+"Veuillez envoyer les requêtes concernant la FSF et GNU à <a href=\"mailto:";
+"address@hidden"><em>address@hidden</em></a>. Il existe aussi <a 
href=\"/contact/"
+"\">d'autres moyens de contacter</a> la FSF. <br /> Veuillez envoyer les "
+"liens orphelins ou d'autres suggestions sur cette page Web aux <a href=\"/"
+"people/webmeisters.html\">webmestres de GNU</a> à l'adresse <a 
href=\"mailto:";
+"address@hidden"><em>address@hidden</em></a>."
 
 # type: Content of: <div><p>
-msgid "Please see the <a 
href=\"/server/standards/README.translations.html\">Translations README</a> for 
information on coordinating and submitting translations of this article."
-msgstr "Veuillez consulter le <a 
href=\"/server/standards/README.translations.fr.html\">README des 
traductions</a> pour des informations sur la coordination et la soumission de 
traductions de cet article."
+msgid ""
+"Please see the <a href=\"/server/standards/README.translations.html"
+"\">Translations README</a> for information on coordinating and submitting "
+"translations of this article."
+msgstr ""
+"Veuillez consulter le <a href=\"/server/standards/README.translations.fr.html"
+"\">README des traductions</a> pour des informations sur la coordination et "
+"la soumission de traductions de cet article."
 
 # type: Content of: <div><p>
 msgid "Copyright &copy; 2007 Richard Stallman"
 msgstr "Copyright &copy; 2007 Richard Stallman"
 
 # type: Content of: <div><p>
-msgid "Verbatim copying and distribution of this entire article are permitted 
worldwide, without royalty, in any medium, provided this notice is preserved."
-msgstr "La reproduction exacte et la distribution intégrale de cet article 
est permise sur n'importe quel support d'archivage, pourvu que cette notice 
soit préservée."
+msgid ""
+"Verbatim copying and distribution of this entire article are permitted "
+"worldwide, without royalty, in any medium, provided this notice is preserved."
+msgstr ""
+"La reproduction exacte et la distribution intégrale de cet article est "
+"permise sur n'importe quel support d'archivage, pourvu que cette notice soit "
+"préservée."
 
 # type: Content of: <div><div>
 #. TRANSLATORS: Use space (SPC) as msgstr if you don't want credits.
 msgid "*GNUN-SLOT: TRANSLATOR'S CREDITS*"
-msgstr "Traduction&nbsp;: Cédric Corazza.<br /> Révision&nbsp;: <a 
href=\"mailto:trad-gnu&#64;april.org\";>trad-gnu&#64;april.org</a>"
+msgstr ""
+"Traduction&nbsp;: Cédric Corazza.<br /> Révision&nbsp;: <a href=\"mailto:";
+"trad-gnu&#64;april.org\">trad-gnu&#64;april.org</a>"
 
 # type: Content of: <div><p>
 #.  timestamp start
@@ -128,4 +205,3 @@
 # type: Content of: <div><h4>
 msgid "Translations of this page"
 msgstr "Traductions de cette page"
-

Index: philosophy/po/speeches-and-interview.fr.po
===================================================================
RCS file: /web/www/www/philosophy/po/speeches-and-interview.fr.po,v
retrieving revision 1.7
retrieving revision 1.8
diff -u -b -r1.7 -r1.8
--- philosophy/po/speeches-and-interview.fr.po  29 Nov 2009 17:55:31 -0000      
1.7
+++ philosophy/po/speeches-and-interview.fr.po  30 Nov 2009 21:27:03 -0000      
1.8
@@ -15,195 +15,555 @@
 "Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit\n"
 
 # type: Content of: <title>
-msgid "Philosophy of the GNU Project - GNU Project - Free Software Foundation 
(FSF)"
-msgstr "Philosophie du Projet GNU - GNU Project - Free Software Foundation 
(FSF)"
+msgid ""
+"Philosophy of the GNU Project - GNU Project - Free Software Foundation (FSF)"
+msgstr ""
+"Philosophie du Projet GNU - GNU Project - Free Software Foundation (FSF)"
 
 # type: Content of: <h2>
 msgid "Speeches and Interviews (in reverse chronological order)"
 msgstr "Discours et entretiens (en ordre chronologique inverse)"
 
 # type: Content of: <ul><li>
-#| msgid ""
-#| "<a href=\"/philosophy/rieti.html\">Transcript of a speech</a> about the "
-#| "future of free software given by <a href=\"http://www.stallman.org";
-#| "\">Richard M. Stallman</a>, 21 April 2003."
-msgid "<a href=\"/philosophy/danger-of-software-patents.html\">The Danger of 
Software Patents</a>, transcript of a talk by <a 
href=\"http://www.stallman.org\";>Richard Stallman</a>."
-msgstr "<a href=\"/philosophy/danger-of-software-patents.html\">Le danger des 
brevets logiciels</a>, transcription d'un discours de <a 
href=\"http://www.stallman.org\";>Richard Stallman</a>."
-
-# type: Content of: <ul><li>
-msgid "<a 
href=\"http://broadcast.oreilly.com/2009/04/stallman-discusses-free-softwa.html\";>Transcript
 of an interview with Richard Stallman</a> conducted by Federico Biancuzzi for 
O'Reilly Media. As well as a wide-ranging discussion of developments in Free 
Software licencing the interview covers issues including the history and 
current activities of the FSF, the spread of DMCA-like laws around the world, 
software patents and the need for free device drivers."
-msgstr "<a 
href=\"http://broadcast.oreilly.com/2009/04/stallman-discusses-free-softwa.html\";>Transcription
 d'un entretien avec Richard Stallman</a> mené par Federico Biancuzzi pour 
O'Reilly Media. L'entretien couvre une discussion large sur les licences de 
logiciels libres ainsi que l'histoire et les activités actuelles de la FSF, 
l'expansion de lois similaires à la loi DMCA dans le monde, les brevets 
logiciels et le besoin de pilotes de périphériques libres."
-
-# type: Content of: <ul><li>
-msgid "<a href=\"http://nb.inode.co.nz/articles/rmsrnz/index.html\";>Transcript 
of an interview</a> with Richard Stallman for Radio New Zealand, conducted by 
Kim Hill on August 9, 2008.  It covers various topics &mdash; free software, 
the dawn of the free software movement, the fallacy of the term 
&ldquo;intellectual property&rdquo;, Google's services and New Zealand's 
Copyright laws."
-msgstr "<a 
href=\"http://nb.inode.co.nz/articles/rmsrnz/index.html\";>Transcription d'un 
entretien</a> avec Richard Stallman sur Radio New Zealand, men&eacute; par Kim 
Hill le 9 ao&ucirc;t 2008. Il couvre divers sujet&nbsp;: les logiciels libres, 
la naissance du mouvement pour le logiciel libre, l'idée fausse du terme 
«&nbsp;propriété intellectuelle&nbsp;», les services de Google et les lois 
sur le droit d'auteur en Nouvelle Zélande."
-
-# type: Content of: <ul><li>
-msgid "<a 
href=\"http://www.zeuux.org/philosophy/billxu-rms-fsm-ancient-to-gplv2.html\";> 
Free Software Movement: From Genesis to the GNU GPL version 2</a>, an interview 
with Richard Stallman conducted by Bill Xu (<a 
href=\"http://www.zeuux.org/philosophy/billxu-rms-fsm-ancient-to-gplv2.cn.html\";>Chinese
 version</a> also available)."
-msgstr "<a 
href=\"http://www.zeuux.org/philosophy/billxu-rms-fsm-ancient-to-gplv2.html\";>Mouvement
 du logiciel libre&nbsp;: De la g&eacute;n&egrave;se de la GNU GPL version 
2</a>,un entretien de Richard Stallman contient par Bill Xu (La <a 
href=\"http://www.zeuux.org/philosophy/billxu-rms-fsm-ancient-to-gplv2.cn.html\";>version
 chinoise</a> est &eacute;galement disponible)."
-
-# type: Content of: <ul><li>
-msgid "<a href=\"http://audio-video.gnu.org/video/copy_vs_comm.ogg\";>Video 
recording of Copyright vs. Community speech</a> with <a 
href=\"http://audio-video.gnu.org/video/copy_vs_comm.txt\";>brief text 
description</a>, given by Richard Stallman on July 5, 2007 in Missassauga, 
Ontario, Canada."
-msgstr "<a 
href=\"http://audio-video.gnu.org/video/copy_vs_comm.ogg\";>Enregistrement 
vid&eacute;o du discours Copyright contre communaut&eacute;</a> avec une <a 
href=\"http://audio-video.gnu.org/video/copy_vs_comm.txt\";>br&egrave;ve 
description</a>, donn&eacute; par Richard Stallman le 5 juillet 2007 &agrave; 
Missassauga, Ontario, Canada."
-
-# type: Content of: <ul><li>
-msgid "<a href=\"/philosophy/rms-kol.html\">Transcript of a speech</a> given 
by <a href=\"http://www.stallman.org\";>Richard Stallman</a> about free software 
and the West Bengal government, in Kolkata (formerly Calcutta) on August, 2006."
-msgstr "<a href=\"/philosophy/rms-kol.fr.html\">Transcription d'un 
discours</a> donn&eacute; par <a href=\"http://www.stallman.org\";> Richard 
Stallman</a> &agrave; Kolkata (anciennement Calcutta) en ao&ucirc;t 2006."
-
-# type: Content of: <ul><li>
-msgid "<a href=\"http://questionsplease.org/Questions_please_1.ogg\";>Jonathan 
Roberts interviews Richard Stallman and others</a> on free software."
-msgstr "<a 
href=\"http://questionsplease.org/Questions_please_1.ogg\";>Johnathan Roberts 
s'entretient avec Richard Stallman et d'autres</a> sur les logiciels libres."
-
-# type: Content of: <ul><li>
-msgid "<a href=\"http://www.zeuux.org/law/billxu-rms-drm.html\";>Bill Xu 
interviews Richard Stallman on DRM</a>. You can also read it <a 
href=\"http://www.zeuux.org/law/billxu-rms-drm.cn.html\";>in Chinese</a>."
-msgstr "<a href=\"http://www.zeuux.org/law/billxu-rms-drm.html\";>Bill Xu 
s'entretient avec Richard Stallman sur les DRM</a>. Vous pouvez aussi consulter 
cet entretien <a href=\"http://www.zeuux.org/law/billxu-rms-drm.cn.html\";>en 
chinois</a>."
-
-# type: Content of: <ul><li>
-msgid "Eben Moglen, <a href=\"http://punkcast.com/964/\";>&ldquo;Free Software 
and Free Media&rdquo;</a>, at the Jefferson Market Library in New York, New 
York, May 3, 2006 for the Metropolitan NY Chapter of the Internet Society"
-msgstr "Eben Moglen, <a href=\"http://punkcast.com/964/\";>&laquo;&nbsp;Free 
Software and Free Media&nbsp;&raquo;</a>(Logiciels libres et m&eacute;dias 
libres), &agrave; labiblioth&egrave;que Jefferson Market Library de New York, 
le 3 mai 2006 pour le Metropolitan NY Chapter of the Internet Society."
-
-# type: Content of: <ul><li>
-msgid "<a 
href=\"http://www.zmag.org/content/showarticle.cfm?SectionID=13&amp;ItemID=9350\";>
 Richard Stallman interviewed</a> by Justin Podur on &ldquo;Free Software as a 
Social Movement&rdquo;, 01 December 2005"
-msgstr "<a 
href=\"http://www.zmag.org/content/showarticle.cfm?SectionID=13&amp;ItemID=9350\";>Interview
 de Richard Stallman</a> par Justin Podur sur &laquo;&nbsp;Le logiciel libre en 
tant que mouvement social&nbsp;&raquo;, le 1er d&eacute;cembre 2005"
-
-# type: Content of: <ul><li>
-msgid "<a href=\"http://www.oreillynet.com/lpt/a/6222\";>Richard Stallman 
interviewed</a> by Federico Biancuzzi about the importance of the GPL, for 
ONLamp.com, 22 September 2005"
-msgstr "<a href=\"http://www.oreillynet.com/lpt/a/6222\";>Richard Stallman 
interrog&eacute;</a> par Federico Biancuzzi pour ONLamp.com, le 22 septembre 
2005."
-
-# type: Content of: <ul><li>
-msgid "<a href=\"http://wm-eddie.info/rms.html\";>Presentation of the goals and 
philosophy of the GNU operating system</a> by <a 
href=\"http://www.stallman.org\";>Richard Stallman</a> in University of 
Pittsburgh, April 7th 2005"
-msgstr "<a href=\"http://wm-eddie.info/rms.html\";>Pr&eacute;sentation des buts 
et de la philosophie du syst&egrave;me d'exploitation GNU</a> par <a 
href=\"http://www.stallman.org\";>Richard Stallman</a> &agrave; 
l'Universit&eacute; de Pittsburgh, le 7 avril 2005."
-
-# type: Content of: <ul><li>
-msgid "<a href=\"http://www.stallman.org\";>Richard Stallman</a>'s <a 
href=\"http://www.ofb.biz/modules.php?name=News&amp;file=article&amp;sid=353\";> 
interview</a> with Timothy R. Butler on &ldquo;The state of GNU/Linux&rdquo;, 
31 March 2005."
-msgstr "Entretien de <a href=\"http://www.stallman.org\";>Richard 
Stallman</a><a 
href=\"http://www.ofb.biz/modules.php?name=News&amp;file=article&amp;sid=353\";> 
avec Timothy R. Butler</a> le 31 mars 2005."
-
-# type: Content of: <ul><li>
-msgid "<a href=\"/philosophy/nit-india.html\">Transcript of a speech</a> on 
free software given by <a href=\"http://www.stallman.org\";> Richard M. 
Stallman</a> at National Institute of Technology, Trichy, India, 17 February 
2004."
-msgstr "<a href=\"/philosophy/nit-india.fr.html\">Transcription d'un 
discours</a> donn&eacute; par <a href=\"http://www.stallman.org\";>Richard M. 
Stallman</a>au National Institute of Technology, Trichy, Inde, le 17 
f&eacute;vrier 2004."
-
-# type: Content of: <ul><li>
-msgid "<a href=\"http://www.stallman.org\";>Richard Stallman</a>'s <a 
href=\"http://www.neteco.com/50117-richard-gnu-stallman-president-de-la-free-software-foundation.html\";>
 interview with NetEconomie.com</a> (In French) 10 December 2004"
-msgstr "Entretien de <a href=\"http://www.stallman.org\";>Richard 
Stallman</a><a 
href=\"http://www.neteco.com/50117-richard-gnu-stallman-president-de-la-free-software-foundation.html\";>avec
 NetEconomie.com</a> le 10 décembre 2004."
-
-# type: Content of: <ul><li>
-msgid "<a href=\"patent-practice-panel.html\">Transcript of a panel 
presentation</a>, &ldquo;New developments in patent practice: assessing the 
risks and cost of portfolio licensing and hold-ups&rdquo;, given by Daniel B. 
Ravicher as the executive director of the Public Patent Foundation on 
Wednesday, November 10, 2004, at a conference organized by the Foundation for a 
Free Information Infrastructure (FFII) in Brussels, Belgium"
-msgstr "<a href=\"/philosophy/patent-practice-panel.fr.html\">Transcription 
d'une pr&eacute;sentation &agrave; la table ronde</a>, &laquo;&nbsp;Nouveaux 
d&eacute;veloppements dans la pratique des brevets&nbsp;: &eacute;valuer les 
risques et les co&ucirc;ts d'un portefeuille de licences et de 
hold-ups&nbsp;&raquo;, donn&eacute; par Daniel B. Ravicher en tant que 
directeur g&eacute;n&eacute;ral de la Public Patent Foundation le mercredi 10 
novembre 2004, lors d'une conf&eacute;rence organis&eacute;e par la Foundation 
for a Free Information Infrastructure (FFII) &agrave; Bruxelles, Belgique."
-
-# type: Content of: <ul><li>
-msgid "<a href=\"http://www.ariel.com.au/a/rms-unsw.html\";>Synopsis of a 
speech</a> given by <a href=\"http://www.stallman.org\";>Richard M. Stallman</a> 
about software patents on 14 October 2004."
-msgstr "<a 
href=\"http://www.ariel.com.au/essays/rms-unsw-2004-10-14.html\";>R&eacute;sum&eacute;
 d'un discours</a> donn&eacute; par <a href=\"http://www.stallman.org\";>Richard 
M. Stallman</a> sur les brevets logiciels le 14 octobre 2004."
-
-# type: Content of: <ul><li>
-msgid "<a href=\"/philosophy/rms-interview-edinburgh.html\">Interview</a> with 
Richard Stallman that took place at the School of Informatics, Edinburgh 
University, on 27<sup>th</sup> May 2004.  Originally published at Indymedia, 
most of the questions are about the the relationship between the free software 
movement and other social movements, and the different values of the 
&ldquo;open source&rdquo; campaign."
-msgstr "<a href=\"/philosophy/rms-interview-edinburgh.fr.html\">Entretien</a> 
avec Richard Stallman &agrave; la School of Informatics, université 
d'Édimbourg, le 27 mai 2004. Initialement publié sur Indymedia, la plupart 
des questions porte sur le mouvement pour le logiciel libre et les autres 
mouvements sociaux, et les valeurs différentes pour la campagne pour 
l'«&nbsp;open source&nbsp;»."
-
-# type: Content of: <ul><li>
-msgid "<a href=\"http://laurel.datsi.fi.upm.es/~fsanchez/rms/\"; > Web page 
with interviews/audio/video from speeches in Madrid (May 2004)</a> given by <a 
href=\"http://www.stallman.org\";>Richard M. Stallman</a> (site is in Spanish)"
-msgstr "<a href=\"http://laurel.datsi.fi.upm.es/~fsanchez/rms/\";>Page Web avec 
des entretiens audio et vid&eacute;o de discours donn&eacute;s &agrave; Madrid 
(en mai 2004)</a> par <a href=\"http://www.stallman.org\";>Richard M. 
Stallman</a> (le site est en espagnol)."
-
-# type: Content of: <ul><li>
-msgid "<a href=\"/philosophy/moglen-harvard-speech-2004.html\" >Transcript of 
a speech</a> about copyright law and SCO given by <a 
href=\"http://emoglen.law.columbia.edu/\"; >Prof. Eben Moglen</a> at Harvard on 
23 February, 2004."
-msgstr "<a 
href=\"/philosophy/moglen-harvard-speech-2004.fr.html\">Transcription d'un 
discours</a> donn&eacute; par le <a 
href=\"http://emoglen.law.columbia.edu/\";>Professeur Eben Moglen</a> &agrave; 
Harvard le 23 f&eacute;vrier 2004."
-
-# type: Content of: <ul><li>
-msgid "<a href=\"/philosophy/wsis-2003.html\">Transcript of a speech</a> about 
free software and sustainable development given by <a 
href=\"http://www.stallman.org\";>Richard M. Stallman</a> at WSIS, 16 July 2003."
-msgstr "<a href=\"/philosophy/wsis-2003.fr.html\">Transcription d'un 
discours</a> sur les logiciels libres et le développement durable donn&eacute; 
par <a href=\"http://www.stallman.org\";>Richard M. Stallman</a> au SMSI, le 16 
juillet 2003."
-
-# type: Content of: <ul><li>
-msgid "<a href=\"/philosophy/rieti.html\">Transcript of a speech</a> about the 
future of free software given by <a href=\"http://www.stallman.org\";>Richard M. 
Stallman</a>, 21 April 2003."
-msgstr "Transcription d'un <a href=\"/philosophy/rieti.fr.html\">discours</a> 
donn&eacute; par  <a href=\"http://www.stallman.org\";>Richard M. Stallman</a> 
le 21 avril 2003."
-
-# type: Content of: <ul><li>
-msgid "<a 
href=\"http://audio-video.gnu.org/audio/audio.html#RUTGERS2003\";>Audio 
recording of a speech, <cite>Software Freedom and the GNU Generation</cite>, 
given by Bradley M. Kuhn</a> 22 April 2003."
-msgstr "<a 
href=\"http://audio-video.gnu.org/audio/audio.html#RUTGERS2003\";>Enregistrement 
audio d'un discours, <cite>Software Freedom and the GNU Generation</cite>, 
donn&eacute; par Bradley M. Kuhn</a> le 22 avril 2003."
-
-# type: Content of: <ul><li>
-msgid "<a href=\"/philosophy/2002-linuxexpo-paris.fr.html\">Transcript of a 
speech</a> given <em>in French</em> by Richard Stallman at 
&ldquo;LinuxExpo&rdquo;, Paris, 2002."
-msgstr "<a href=\"/philosophy/2002-linuxexpo-paris.fr.html\">Transcription 
d'un discours</a> donn&eacute; <em>en fran&ccedil;ais</em> par Richard Stallman 
&agrave; &laquo;&nbsp;LinuxExpo&nbsp;&raquo;, Paris, 2002."
-
-# type: Content of: <ul><li>
-msgid "<a href=\"http://audio-video.gnu.org/audio/audio.html#CAMB2002\";>Audio 
recording of a speech, <cite>Software Patents:Obstacles to software 
development</cite>, given by Richard M. Stallman at the University of 
Cambridge, England</a> 25th March 2002.  A <a 
href=\"/philosophy/software-patents.html\">transcript of the speech</a> is also 
available."
-msgstr "<a 
href=\"http://audio-video.gnu.org/audio/audio.html#CAMB2002\";>Enregistrement 
audio d'une conf&eacute;rence en anglais, <cite>Software Patents: Obstacles to 
software development</cite>, donn&eacute;e par Richard M. Stallman &agrave; 
l'Universit&eacute; de Cambridge, Angleterre</a> le 25 mars 2002. Une <a 
href=\"/philosophy/software-patents.fr.html\">transcription du discours</a> est 
&eacute;galement disponible."
-
-# type: Content of: <ul><li>
-msgid "<a href=\"http://www.stallman.org\";>Richard Stallman</a> interview in 
2002, talking about <a href=\"/philosophy/rms-hack.html\">the hacker community 
and ethics </a>, this interview is also <a 
href=\"http://www.uta.fi/~fiteva/rms_int_fi.html\";>available in Finnish</a>."
-msgstr "<a href=\"http://www.stallman.org\";>Richard Stallman</a> entretien de 
2002 sur <a href=\"/philosophy/rms-hack.fr.html\">&eacute;thique et 
communaut&eacute; du hacker</a>, cet entretien est aussi <a 
href=\"http://www.uta.fi/~fiteva/rms_int_fi.html\";>disponible en finnois</a>."
-
-# type: Content of: <ul><li>
-msgid "<a href=\"http://www.stallman.org\";>Richard Stallman</a>'s <a 
href=\"http://www.mytech.it/mytech/internet/art006010045404.jsp\";> interview, 
<cite>Perch&eacute; l'open source non &egrave; tutto</cite>, in italian,</a> to 
the Mytech website, 22 April 2003.  (The title reads, <cite>Because Open Source 
is not all</cite>.)"
-msgstr "Entretien de <a href=\"http://www.stallman.org\";>Richard 
Stallman</a><a 
href=\"http://www.mytech.it/mytech/internet/art006010045404.jsp\";><cite>Perch&eacute;
 l'open source non &egrave;tutto</cite> (<cite>Parce que l'open source n'est 
pas tout</cite>.), en italien,</a> sur le site Web Mytech, le 22 avril 2003."
-
-# type: Content of: <ul><li>
-msgid "<a href=\"http://audio-video.gnu.org/audio/audio.html#QMUL2002\";>Audio 
recording of a speech, <cite>Copyright vs Community in the age of computer 
Networks</cite>, given by Richard M. Stallman at Queen Mary University of 
London, England</a> 12th Feb 2002."
-msgstr "<a 
href=\"http://audio-video.gnu.org/audio/audio.html#QMUL2002\";>Enregistrement 
audio d'une conf&eacute;rence en anglais, <cite>Copyright vs Community in the 
age of computer Networks</cite>, donn&eacute;e par Richard M. Stallman &agrave; 
la Queen Mary University de Londres, Angleterre</a> le 12 f&eacute;vrier 2002."
-
-# type: Content of: <ul><li>
-msgid "<a 
href=\"http://audio-video.gnu.org/audio/francais/rms-speech-paris-30-jan-2002.ogg\";>Audio
 recording in French of a speech, <cite>l'&eacute;thique du syst&egrave;me 
GNU/Linux et de la communaut&eacute; des logiciels libres, les t&acirc;ches 
&agrave; accomplir et les risques &agrave; envisager</cite>, given by Richard 
M. Stallman at CNIT &agrave; la D&eacute;fense, Paris, France.</a> 27th Jan 
2002.  (A number of other speeches in several languages are also available on 
<a href=\"http://audio-video.gnu.org/\";>audio-video.gnu.org</a>."
-msgstr "<a 
href=\"http://audio-video.gnu.org/audio/francais/rms-speech-paris-30-jan-2002.ogg\";>Enregistrement
 audio d'une conf&eacute;rence en fran&ccedil;ais, <cite>l'&eacute;thique du 
syst&egrave;me GNU/Linux et de la communaut&eacute; des logiciels libres, les 
t&acirc;ches &agrave; accomplir et les risques &agrave; envisager</cite>, 
donn&eacute;e par Richard M. Stallman au CNIT &agrave; la D&eacute;fense, 
Paris, France.</a> le 27 janvier 2002.  (D'autres discours en d'autres langues 
sont aussi disponibles sur <a 
href=\"http://audio-video.gnu.org/\";>audio-video.gnu.org</a>."
-
-# type: Content of: <ul><li>
-msgid "<a href=\"http://www.april.org/actions/rms/20011120/stream.html\";>Audio 
recordings and a partial transcript</a> of the conference given by <a 
href=\"http://www.stallman.org\";>Richard M. Stallman</a> to the French National 
Assembly on 20th November 2001."
-msgstr "<a 
href=\"http://www.april.org/actions/rms/20011120/stream.html\";>Enregistrement 
audio et transcription partielle d'une</a> conf&eacute;rence donn&eacute;e par 
<a href=\"http://www.stallman.org\";>Richard M. Stallman</a> l'Assembl&eacute;e 
Nationale fran&ccedil;aise le 20 novembre 2001."
-
-# type: Content of: <ul><li>
-msgid "<a href=\"/philosophy/stallman-mec-india.html\">Transcript of the 
speech, <cite>The Danger of Software Patents</cite></a> by <a 
href=\"http://www.stallman.org\";>Richard M. Stallman</a> given at Government 
Model Engineering College, India on 24th July 2001.  Also, the MEC has posted 
an <a href=\"http://www.mec.ac.in/events/rms/\";>audio recording and 
transcript</a> at their website."
-msgstr "<a href=\"/philosophy/stallman-mec-india.html\">Transcription du 
discours, <cite>The Danger of Software Patents</cite>(<cite>Le danger des 
brevets logiciels</cite>)</a> par <a href=\"http://www.stallman.org\";>Richard 
M. Stallman</a> donn&eacute; au Government Model Engineering College, Inde le 
24 juillet 2001.  &Eacute;galement, le MEC a publi&eacute; un <a 
href=\"http://www.mec.ac.in/events/rms/\";>enregistrement audio et une 
transcription</a> sur leur site Web"
-
-# type: Content of: <ul><li>
-msgid "<a href=\"http://www.stallman.org\";>Richard Stallman</a>'s <a 
href=\"/philosophy/luispo-rms-interview.html\"> interview</a> about free 
software and business with Louis Suarez-Potts in May of 2001."
-msgstr "<a href=\"/philosophy/luispo-rms-interview.fr.html\">Interview</a> de 
<a href=\"http://www.stallman.org\";>Richard Stallman</a> par Louis Suarez-Potts 
en Mai 2001."
-
-# type: Content of: <ul><li>
-msgid "<a href=\"http://audio-video.gnu.org/audio/audio.html#NYU2001\";>Audio 
recording of a speech, <cite>Free Software: Freedom and Cooperation</cite>, 
given by Richard M. Stallman at New York University</a>.  A <a 
href=\"/events/rms-nyu-2001-transcript.html\">transcript of the speech</a> is 
also available."
-msgstr "<a 
href=\"http://audio-video.gnu.org/audio/audio.html#NYU2001\";>Enregistrement 
audio d'une conf&eacute;rence en anglais, <cite>Free Software: Freedom and 
Cooperation</cite>, donn&eacute;e par Richard M. Stallman &agrave; 
l'Universit&eacute; de New York</a>.  Une <a 
href=\"/events/rms-nyu-2001-transcript.fr.html\">transcription de la 
conf&eacute;rence</a> est &eacute;galement disponible."
-
-# type: Content of: <ul><li>
-msgid "<a href=\"/philosophy/copyright-and-globalization.html\">Transcript of 
a speech, <cite>Copyright and Globalization in the Age of Computer 
Networks</cite>, given by Richard M. Stallman at MIT</a>."
-msgstr "<a 
href=\"/philosophy/copyright-and-globalization.fr.html\">Transcription d'une 
conf&eacute;rence, <cite>Droit d'auteur et mondialisation &agrave; l'&acirc;ge 
des r&eacute;seaux informatiques</cite>, donn&eacute;e par Richard M. Stallman 
au MIT</a>."
-
-# type: Content of: <ul><li>
-msgid "<a href=\"http://audio-video.gnu.org/audio/audio.html#MIT2001\";>Audio 
recording of a speech, <cite>Copyright and Globalization in the Age of Computer 
Networks</cite>, given by Richard M. Stallman at MIT</a>."
-msgstr "<a 
href=\"http://audio-video.gnu.org/audio/audio.html#MIT2001\";>Enregistrement 
audio d'une conf&eacute;rence en anglais, <cite>Copyright and Globalization in 
the Age of Computer Networks</cite>, donn&eacute;e par Richard M. Stallman au 
MIT</a>."
-
-# type: Content of: <ul><li>
-msgid "<a 
href=\"http://audio-video.gnu.org/audio/audio.html#ArsDigita2001\";>Audio 
recording of a speech, <cite>The Free Software Movement and the GNU/Linux 
Operating System</cite>, given by Richard M. Stallman at ArsDigita 
University</a>."
-msgstr "<a 
href=\"http://audio-video.gnu.org/audio/audio.html#ArsDigita2001\";>Enregistrement
 audio d'une conf&eacute;rence en anglais, <cite>The Free Software Movement and 
the GNU/Linux Operating System</cite>, donn&eacute;e par Richard M. Stallman 
&agrave; l'Universit&eacute; ArsDigita</a>."
-
-# type: Content of: <ul><li>
-msgid "<a href=\"http://audio-video.gnu.org/audio/audio.html#SLOV2000\";>Audio 
recording of a speech, <cite>The Free Software Movement and the GNU/Linux 
Operating System</cite>, given by Richard M. Stallman at Auditorium Smelt, 
Ljubljana, Slovenia</a>."
-msgstr "<a 
href=\"http://audio-video.gnu.org/audio/audio.html#SLOV2000\";>Enregistrement 
audio d'un discours, <cite>The Free Software Movement and the GNU/Linux 
Operating System</cite> (<cite>Le mouvement du logiciel libre et le 
syst&egrave;me d'exploitation GNU/Linux</cite>), donn&eacute; par Richard M. 
Stallman &agrave; l'Auditorium Smelt, Laybach, Slov&eacute;nie</a>."
-
-# type: Content of: <ul><li>
-msgid "<a 
href=\"http://audio-video.gnu.org/audio/audio.html#LinuxTag2000\";>Audio 
recording of a speech, <cite>The Free Software Movement and the GNU/Linux 
Operating System</cite>, given by Richard M. Stallman at LinuxTag 2000</a>."
-msgstr "<a 
href=\"http://audio-video.gnu.org/audio/audio.html#LinuxTag2000\";>Enregistrement
 audio d'une conf&eacute;rence en anglais, <cite>The Free Software Movement and 
the GNU/Linux Operating System</cite>, donn&eacute;e par Richard M. Stallman au 
LinuxTag 2000</a>."
-
-# type: Content of: <ul><li>
-msgid "<a href=\"http://audio-video.gnu.org/audio/audio.html#CGLUG2000\";>Audio 
recording of a speech, <cite>The Free Software Movement and the GNU/Linux 
Operating System</cite>, given by Richard M. Stallman at the University of 
Cincinnati</a>."
-msgstr "<a 
href=\"http://audio-video.gnu.org/audio/audio.html#CGLUG2000\";>Enregistrement 
audio d'une conf&eacute;rence en anglais, <cite>The Free Software Movement and 
the GNU/Linux Operating System</cite>, donn&eacute;e par Richard M. Stallman 
&agrave; l'Universit&eacute; de Cincinnati</a>."
-
-# type: Content of: <ul><li>
-msgid "<a 
href=\"http://www.april.org/actions/rms/10111998/texte.html\";>Transcription (in 
French)</a> of a speech that <a href=\"http://www.stallman.org/\";>Richard 
Stallman</a> gave in 1998 at the University of Paris."
-msgstr "<a 
href=\"http://www.april.org/actions/rms/10111998/texte.html\";>Transcription</a> 
d'un discours que <a href=\"http://www.stallman.org/\";>Richard Stallman</a> a 
donné en 1998 à l'Université Paris 8 de Saint Denis."
-
-# type: Content of: <ul><li>
-msgid "<a href=\"/philosophy/greve-clown.html\">English translation of a 
speech</a> about the history and philosophy of the GNU Project that Georg Greve 
gave in 1998 at the GNU/Linux Cluster &ldquo;CLOWN&rdquo; in Germany (<a 
href=\"/philosophy/greve-clown.de.html\">German original</a>)."
-msgstr "<a href=\"/philosophy/greve-clown.fr.html\">Traduction d'un discours 
en allemand</a> que Georg Greve a donn&eacute; en 1998 au GNU/Linux Cluster 
&laquo;&nbsp;CLOWN&nbsp;&raquo; en Allemagne (<a 
href=\"/philosophy/greve-clown.de.html\">original en allemand</a>)."
-
-# type: Content of: <ul><li>
-msgid "<a href=\"/gnu/byte-interview.html\">BYTE Interview</a> in July 1986 
with <a href=\"http://www.stallman.org/\";>Richard Stallman</a> about the 
development of the GNU system."
-msgstr "<a href=\"/gnu/byte-interview.fr.html\">Entretien pour BYTE</a>en 
juillet 1986 avec <a href=\"http://www.stallman.org/\";>Richard Stallman</a> sur 
le développement du système GNU."
-
-# type: Content of: <ul><li>
-msgid "A <a href=\"/philosophy/stallman-kth.html\">speech</a> that <a 
href=\"http://www.stallman.org/\";>Richard Stallman</a> gave in 1986 at the 
Royal Institute of Technology in Sweden about the hacker community and the 
early days of the free software movement."
-msgstr "Une <a href=\"/philosophy/stallman-kth.fr.html\">conf&eacute;rence</a> 
que <a href=\"http://www.stallman.org/\";>Richard Stallman</a> a donn&eacute;e 
en 1986 &agrave; l'Institut royal de technologie de Su&egrave;de sur la 
communauté des hackers et sur les premiers jours du mouvement pour le logiciel 
libre."
-
-# type: Content of: <ul><li>
-msgid "An <a href=\"http://audio-video.gnu.org/audio/francais\";>index of 
French recordings at audio-video.gnu.org</a> is also available."
-msgstr "Un <a href=\"http://audio-video.gnu.org/audio/francais\";>index des 
enregistrements en fran&ccedil;ais &agrave; audio-video.gnu.org</a> est 
&eacute;galement disponible."
+msgid ""
+"<a href=\"/philosophy/danger-of-software-patents.html\">The Danger of "
+"Software Patents</a>, transcript of a talk by <a href=\"http://www.stallman.";
+"org\">Richard Stallman</a>."
+msgstr ""
+"<a href=\"/philosophy/danger-of-software-patents.html\">Le danger des "
+"brevets logiciels</a>, transcription d'un discours de <a href=\"http://www.";
+"stallman.org\">Richard Stallman</a>."
+
+# type: Content of: <ul><li>
+msgid ""
+"<a href=\"http://broadcast.oreilly.com/2009/04/stallman-discusses-free-";
+"softwa.html\">Transcript of an interview with Richard Stallman</a> conducted "
+"by Federico Biancuzzi for O'Reilly Media. As well as a wide-ranging "
+"discussion of developments in Free Software licencing the interview covers "
+"issues including the history and current activities of the FSF, the spread "
+"of DMCA-like laws around the world, software patents and the need for free "
+"device drivers."
+msgstr ""
+"<a href=\"http://broadcast.oreilly.com/2009/04/stallman-discusses-free-";
+"softwa.html\">Transcription d'un entretien avec Richard Stallman</a> mené "
+"par Federico Biancuzzi pour O'Reilly Media. L'entretien couvre une "
+"discussion large sur les licences de logiciels libres ainsi que l'histoire "
+"et les activités actuelles de la FSF, l'expansion de lois similaires à la "
+"loi DMCA dans le monde, les brevets logiciels et le besoin de pilotes de "
+"périphériques libres."
+
+# type: Content of: <ul><li>
+msgid ""
+"<a href=\"http://nb.inode.co.nz/articles/rmsrnz/index.html\";>Transcript of "
+"an interview</a> with Richard Stallman for Radio New Zealand, conducted by "
+"Kim Hill on August 9, 2008.  It covers various topics &mdash; free software, "
+"the dawn of the free software movement, the fallacy of the term &ldquo;"
+"intellectual property&rdquo;, Google's services and New Zealand's Copyright "
+"laws."
+msgstr ""
+"<a href=\"http://nb.inode.co.nz/articles/rmsrnz/index.html\";>Transcription "
+"d'un entretien</a> avec Richard Stallman sur Radio New Zealand, men&eacute; "
+"par Kim Hill le 9 ao&ucirc;t 2008. Il couvre divers sujet&nbsp;: les "
+"logiciels libres, la naissance du mouvement pour le logiciel libre, l'idée "
+"fausse du terme «&nbsp;propriété intellectuelle&nbsp;», les services de "
+"Google et les lois sur le droit d'auteur en Nouvelle Zélande."
+
+# type: Content of: <ul><li>
+msgid ""
+"<a href=\"http://www.zeuux.org/philosophy/billxu-rms-fsm-ancient-to-gplv2.";
+"html\"> Free Software Movement: From Genesis to the GNU GPL version 2</a>, "
+"an interview with Richard Stallman conducted by Bill Xu (<a href=\"http://";
+"www.zeuux.org/philosophy/billxu-rms-fsm-ancient-to-gplv2.cn.html\">Chinese "
+"version</a> also available)."
+msgstr ""
+"<a href=\"http://www.zeuux.org/philosophy/billxu-rms-fsm-ancient-to-gplv2.";
+"html\">Mouvement du logiciel libre&nbsp;: De la g&eacute;n&egrave;se de la "
+"GNU GPL version 2</a>,un entretien de Richard Stallman contient par Bill Xu "
+"(La <a href=\"http://www.zeuux.org/philosophy/billxu-rms-fsm-ancient-to-";
+"gplv2.cn.html\">version chinoise</a> est &eacute;galement disponible)."
+
+# type: Content of: <ul><li>
+msgid ""
+"<a href=\"http://audio-video.gnu.org/video/copy_vs_comm.ogg\";>Video "
+"recording of Copyright vs. Community speech</a> with <a href=\"http://audio-";
+"video.gnu.org/video/copy_vs_comm.txt\">brief text description</a>, given by "
+"Richard Stallman on July 5, 2007 in Missassauga, Ontario, Canada."
+msgstr ""
+"<a href=\"http://audio-video.gnu.org/video/copy_vs_comm.ogg\";>Enregistrement "
+"vid&eacute;o du discours Copyright contre communaut&eacute;</a> avec une <a "
+"href=\"http://audio-video.gnu.org/video/copy_vs_comm.txt\";>br&egrave;ve "
+"description</a>, donn&eacute; par Richard Stallman le 5 juillet 2007 "
+"&agrave; Missassauga, Ontario, Canada."
+
+# type: Content of: <ul><li>
+msgid ""
+"<a href=\"/philosophy/rms-kol.html\">Transcript of a speech</a> given by <a "
+"href=\"http://www.stallman.org\";>Richard Stallman</a> about free software "
+"and the West Bengal government, in Kolkata (formerly Calcutta) on August, "
+"2006."
+msgstr ""
+"<a href=\"/philosophy/rms-kol.fr.html\">Transcription d'un discours</a> "
+"donn&eacute; par <a href=\"http://www.stallman.org\";> Richard Stallman</a> "
+"&agrave; Kolkata (anciennement Calcutta) en ao&ucirc;t 2006."
+
+# type: Content of: <ul><li>
+msgid ""
+"<a href=\"http://questionsplease.org/Questions_please_1.ogg\";>Jonathan "
+"Roberts interviews Richard Stallman and others</a> on free software."
+msgstr ""
+"<a href=\"http://questionsplease.org/Questions_please_1.ogg\";>Johnathan "
+"Roberts s'entretient avec Richard Stallman et d'autres</a> sur les logiciels "
+"libres."
+
+# type: Content of: <ul><li>
+msgid ""
+"<a href=\"http://www.zeuux.org/law/billxu-rms-drm.html\";>Bill Xu interviews "
+"Richard Stallman on DRM</a>. You can also read it <a href=\"http://www.zeuux.";
+"org/law/billxu-rms-drm.cn.html\">in Chinese</a>."
+msgstr ""
+"<a href=\"http://www.zeuux.org/law/billxu-rms-drm.html\";>Bill Xu "
+"s'entretient avec Richard Stallman sur les DRM</a>. Vous pouvez aussi "
+"consulter cet entretien <a href=\"http://www.zeuux.org/law/billxu-rms-drm.cn.";
+"html\">en chinois</a>."
+
+# type: Content of: <ul><li>
+msgid ""
+"Eben Moglen, <a href=\"http://punkcast.com/964/\";>&ldquo;Free Software and "
+"Free Media&rdquo;</a>, at the Jefferson Market Library in New York, New "
+"York, May 3, 2006 for the Metropolitan NY Chapter of the Internet Society"
+msgstr ""
+"Eben Moglen, <a href=\"http://punkcast.com/964/\";>&laquo;&nbsp;Free Software "
+"and Free Media&nbsp;&raquo;</a>(Logiciels libres et m&eacute;dias libres), "
+"&agrave; labiblioth&egrave;que Jefferson Market Library de New York, le 3 "
+"mai 2006 pour le Metropolitan NY Chapter of the Internet Society."
+
+# type: Content of: <ul><li>
+msgid ""
+"<a href=\"http://www.zmag.org/content/showarticle.cfm?SectionID=13&amp;";
+"ItemID=9350\"> Richard Stallman interviewed</a> by Justin Podur on &ldquo;"
+"Free Software as a Social Movement&rdquo;, 01 December 2005"
+msgstr ""
+"<a href=\"http://www.zmag.org/content/showarticle.cfm?SectionID=13&amp;";
+"ItemID=9350\">Interview de Richard Stallman</a> par Justin Podur sur &laquo;"
+"&nbsp;Le logiciel libre en tant que mouvement social&nbsp;&raquo;, le 1er "
+"d&eacute;cembre 2005"
+
+# type: Content of: <ul><li>
+msgid ""
+"<a href=\"http://www.oreillynet.com/lpt/a/6222\";>Richard Stallman "
+"interviewed</a> by Federico Biancuzzi about the importance of the GPL, for "
+"ONLamp.com, 22 September 2005"
+msgstr ""
+"<a href=\"http://www.oreillynet.com/lpt/a/6222\";>Richard Stallman "
+"interrog&eacute;</a> par Federico Biancuzzi pour ONLamp.com, le 22 septembre "
+"2005."
+
+# type: Content of: <ul><li>
+msgid ""
+"<a href=\"http://wm-eddie.info/rms.html\";>Presentation of the goals and "
+"philosophy of the GNU operating system</a> by <a href=\"http://www.stallman.";
+"org\">Richard Stallman</a> in University of Pittsburgh, April 7th 2005"
+msgstr ""
+"<a href=\"http://wm-eddie.info/rms.html\";>Pr&eacute;sentation des buts et de "
+"la philosophie du syst&egrave;me d'exploitation GNU</a> par <a href=\"http://";
+"www.stallman.org\">Richard Stallman</a> &agrave; l'Universit&eacute; de "
+"Pittsburgh, le 7 avril 2005."
+
+# type: Content of: <ul><li>
+msgid ""
+"<a href=\"http://www.stallman.org\";>Richard Stallman</a>'s <a href=\"http://";
+"www.ofb.biz/modules.php?name=News&amp;file=article&amp;sid=353\"> interview</"
+"a> with Timothy R. Butler on &ldquo;The state of GNU/Linux&rdquo;, 31 March "
+"2005."
+msgstr ""
+"Entretien de <a href=\"http://www.stallman.org\";>Richard Stallman</a><a href="
+"\"http://www.ofb.biz/modules.php?name=News&amp;file=article&amp;sid=353\";> "
+"avec Timothy R. Butler</a> le 31 mars 2005."
+
+# type: Content of: <ul><li>
+msgid ""
+"<a href=\"/philosophy/nit-india.html\">Transcript of a speech</a> on free "
+"software given by <a href=\"http://www.stallman.org\";> Richard M. Stallman</"
+"a> at National Institute of Technology, Trichy, India, 17 February 2004."
+msgstr ""
+"<a href=\"/philosophy/nit-india.fr.html\">Transcription d'un discours</a> "
+"donn&eacute; par <a href=\"http://www.stallman.org\";>Richard M. Stallman</"
+"a>au National Institute of Technology, Trichy, Inde, le 17 f&eacute;vrier "
+"2004."
+
+# type: Content of: <ul><li>
+msgid ""
+"<a href=\"http://www.stallman.org\";>Richard Stallman</a>'s <a href=\"http://";
+"www.neteco.com/50117-richard-gnu-stallman-president-de-la-free-software-"
+"foundation.html\"> interview with NetEconomie.com</a> (In French) 10 "
+"December 2004"
+msgstr ""
+"Entretien de <a href=\"http://www.stallman.org\";>Richard Stallman</a><a href="
+"\"http://www.neteco.com/50117-richard-gnu-stallman-president-de-la-free-";
+"software-foundation.html\">avec NetEconomie.com</a> le 10 décembre 2004."
+
+# type: Content of: <ul><li>
+msgid ""
+"<a href=\"patent-practice-panel.html\">Transcript of a panel presentation</"
+"a>, &ldquo;New developments in patent practice: assessing the risks and cost "
+"of portfolio licensing and hold-ups&rdquo;, given by Daniel B. Ravicher as "
+"the executive director of the Public Patent Foundation on Wednesday, "
+"November 10, 2004, at a conference organized by the Foundation for a Free "
+"Information Infrastructure (FFII) in Brussels, Belgium"
+msgstr ""
+"<a href=\"/philosophy/patent-practice-panel.fr.html\">Transcription d'une "
+"pr&eacute;sentation &agrave; la table ronde</a>, &laquo;&nbsp;Nouveaux "
+"d&eacute;veloppements dans la pratique des brevets&nbsp;: &eacute;valuer les "
+"risques et les co&ucirc;ts d'un portefeuille de licences et de hold-ups&nbsp;"
+"&raquo;, donn&eacute; par Daniel B. Ravicher en tant que directeur g&eacute;"
+"n&eacute;ral de la Public Patent Foundation le mercredi 10 novembre 2004, "
+"lors d'une conf&eacute;rence organis&eacute;e par la Foundation for a Free "
+"Information Infrastructure (FFII) &agrave; Bruxelles, Belgique."
+
+# type: Content of: <ul><li>
+msgid ""
+"<a href=\"http://www.ariel.com.au/a/rms-unsw.html\";>Synopsis of a speech</a> "
+"given by <a href=\"http://www.stallman.org\";>Richard M. Stallman</a> about "
+"software patents on 14 October 2004."
+msgstr ""
+"<a href=\"http://www.ariel.com.au/essays/rms-unsw-2004-10-14.html\";>R&eacute;"
+"sum&eacute; d'un discours</a> donn&eacute; par <a href=\"http://www.stallman.";
+"org\">Richard M. Stallman</a> sur les brevets logiciels le 14 octobre 2004."
+
+# type: Content of: <ul><li>
+msgid ""
+"<a href=\"/philosophy/rms-interview-edinburgh.html\">Interview</a> with "
+"Richard Stallman that took place at the School of Informatics, Edinburgh "
+"University, on 27<sup>th</sup> May 2004.  Originally published at Indymedia, "
+"most of the questions are about the the relationship between the free "
+"software movement and other social movements, and the different values of "
+"the &ldquo;open source&rdquo; campaign."
+msgstr ""
+"<a href=\"/philosophy/rms-interview-edinburgh.fr.html\">Entretien</a> avec "
+"Richard Stallman &agrave; la School of Informatics, université d'Édimbourg, 
"
+"le 27 mai 2004. Initialement publié sur Indymedia, la plupart des questions "
+"porte sur le mouvement pour le logiciel libre et les autres mouvements "
+"sociaux, et les valeurs différentes pour la campagne pour l'«&nbsp;open "
+"source&nbsp;»."
+
+# type: Content of: <ul><li>
+msgid ""
+"<a href=\"http://laurel.datsi.fi.upm.es/~fsanchez/rms/\"; > Web page with "
+"interviews/audio/video from speeches in Madrid (May 2004)</a> given by <a "
+"href=\"http://www.stallman.org\";>Richard M. Stallman</a> (site is in Spanish)"
+msgstr ""
+"<a href=\"http://laurel.datsi.fi.upm.es/~fsanchez/rms/\";>Page Web avec des "
+"entretiens audio et vid&eacute;o de discours donn&eacute;s &agrave; Madrid "
+"(en mai 2004)</a> par <a href=\"http://www.stallman.org\";>Richard M. "
+"Stallman</a> (le site est en espagnol)."
+
+# type: Content of: <ul><li>
+msgid ""
+"<a href=\"/philosophy/moglen-harvard-speech-2004.html\" >Transcript of a "
+"speech</a> about copyright law and SCO given by <a href=\"http://emoglen.law.";
+"columbia.edu/\" >Prof. Eben Moglen</a> at Harvard on 23 February, 2004."
+msgstr ""
+"<a href=\"/philosophy/moglen-harvard-speech-2004.fr.html\">Transcription "
+"d'un discours</a> donn&eacute; par le <a href=\"http://emoglen.law.columbia.";
+"edu/\">Professeur Eben Moglen</a> &agrave; Harvard le 23 f&eacute;vrier 2004."
+
+# type: Content of: <ul><li>
+msgid ""
+"<a href=\"/philosophy/wsis-2003.html\">Transcript of a speech</a> about free "
+"software and sustainable development given by <a href=\"http://www.stallman.";
+"org\">Richard M. Stallman</a> at WSIS, 16 July 2003."
+msgstr ""
+"<a href=\"/philosophy/wsis-2003.fr.html\">Transcription d'un discours</a> "
+"sur les logiciels libres et le développement durable donn&eacute; par <a "
+"href=\"http://www.stallman.org\";>Richard M. Stallman</a> au SMSI, le 16 "
+"juillet 2003."
+
+# type: Content of: <ul><li>
+msgid ""
+"<a href=\"/philosophy/rieti.html\">Transcript of a speech</a> about the "
+"future of free software given by <a href=\"http://www.stallman.org\";>Richard "
+"M. Stallman</a>, 21 April 2003."
+msgstr ""
+"Transcription d'un <a href=\"/philosophy/rieti.fr.html\">discours</a> "
+"donn&eacute; par  <a href=\"http://www.stallman.org\";>Richard M. Stallman</"
+"a> le 21 avril 2003."
+
+# type: Content of: <ul><li>
+msgid ""
+"<a href=\"http://audio-video.gnu.org/audio/audio.html#RUTGERS2003\";>Audio "
+"recording of a speech, <cite>Software Freedom and the GNU Generation</cite>, "
+"given by Bradley M. Kuhn</a> 22 April 2003."
+msgstr ""
+"<a href=\"http://audio-video.gnu.org/audio/audio.html#RUTGERS2003";
+"\">Enregistrement audio d'un discours, <cite>Software Freedom and the GNU "
+"Generation</cite>, donn&eacute; par Bradley M. Kuhn</a> le 22 avril 2003."
+
+# type: Content of: <ul><li>
+msgid ""
+"<a href=\"/philosophy/2002-linuxexpo-paris.fr.html\">Transcript of a speech</"
+"a> given <em>in French</em> by Richard Stallman at &ldquo;LinuxExpo&rdquo;, "
+"Paris, 2002."
+msgstr ""
+"<a href=\"/philosophy/2002-linuxexpo-paris.fr.html\">Transcription d'un "
+"discours</a> donn&eacute; <em>en fran&ccedil;ais</em> par Richard Stallman "
+"&agrave; &laquo;&nbsp;LinuxExpo&nbsp;&raquo;, Paris, 2002."
+
+# type: Content of: <ul><li>
+msgid ""
+"<a href=\"http://audio-video.gnu.org/audio/audio.html#CAMB2002\";>Audio "
+"recording of a speech, <cite>Software Patents:Obstacles to software "
+"development</cite>, given by Richard M. Stallman at the University of "
+"Cambridge, England</a> 25th March 2002.  A <a href=\"/philosophy/software-"
+"patents.html\">transcript of the speech</a> is also available."
+msgstr ""
+"<a href=\"http://audio-video.gnu.org/audio/audio.html#CAMB2002";
+"\">Enregistrement audio d'une conf&eacute;rence en anglais, <cite>Software "
+"Patents: Obstacles to software development</cite>, donn&eacute;e par Richard "
+"M. Stallman &agrave; l'Universit&eacute; de Cambridge, Angleterre</a> le 25 "
+"mars 2002. Une <a href=\"/philosophy/software-patents.fr.html"
+"\">transcription du discours</a> est &eacute;galement disponible."
+
+# type: Content of: <ul><li>
+msgid ""
+"<a href=\"http://www.stallman.org\";>Richard Stallman</a> interview in 2002, "
+"talking about <a href=\"/philosophy/rms-hack.html\">the hacker community and "
+"ethics </a>, this interview is also <a href=\"http://www.uta.fi/~fiteva/";
+"rms_int_fi.html\">available in Finnish</a>."
+msgstr ""
+"<a href=\"http://www.stallman.org\";>Richard Stallman</a> entretien de 2002 "
+"sur <a href=\"/philosophy/rms-hack.fr.html\">&eacute;thique et "
+"communaut&eacute; du hacker</a>, cet entretien est aussi <a href=\"http://";
+"www.uta.fi/~fiteva/rms_int_fi.html\">disponible en finnois</a>."
+
+# type: Content of: <ul><li>
+msgid ""
+"<a href=\"http://www.stallman.org\";>Richard Stallman</a>'s <a href=\"http://";
+"www.mytech.it/mytech/internet/art006010045404.jsp\"> interview, "
+"<cite>Perch&eacute; l'open source non &egrave; tutto</cite>, in italian,</a> "
+"to the Mytech website, 22 April 2003.  (The title reads, <cite>Because Open "
+"Source is not all</cite>.)"
+msgstr ""
+"Entretien de <a href=\"http://www.stallman.org\";>Richard Stallman</a><a href="
+"\"http://www.mytech.it/mytech/internet/art006010045404.jsp";
+"\"><cite>Perch&eacute; l'open source non &egrave;tutto</cite> (<cite>Parce "
+"que l'open source n'est pas tout</cite>.), en italien,</a> sur le site Web "
+"Mytech, le 22 avril 2003."
+
+# type: Content of: <ul><li>
+msgid ""
+"<a href=\"http://audio-video.gnu.org/audio/audio.html#QMUL2002\";>Audio "
+"recording of a speech, <cite>Copyright vs Community in the age of computer "
+"Networks</cite>, given by Richard M. Stallman at Queen Mary University of "
+"London, England</a> 12th Feb 2002."
+msgstr ""
+"<a href=\"http://audio-video.gnu.org/audio/audio.html#QMUL2002";
+"\">Enregistrement audio d'une conf&eacute;rence en anglais, <cite>Copyright "
+"vs Community in the age of computer Networks</cite>, donn&eacute;e par "
+"Richard M. Stallman &agrave; la Queen Mary University de Londres, "
+"Angleterre</a> le 12 f&eacute;vrier 2002."
+
+# type: Content of: <ul><li>
+msgid ""
+"<a href=\"http://audio-video.gnu.org/audio/francais/rms-speech-paris-30-jan-";
+"2002.ogg\">Audio recording in French of a speech, <cite>l'&eacute;thique du "
+"syst&egrave;me GNU/Linux et de la communaut&eacute; des logiciels libres, "
+"les t&acirc;ches &agrave; accomplir et les risques &agrave; envisager</"
+"cite>, given by Richard M. Stallman at CNIT &agrave; la D&eacute;fense, "
+"Paris, France.</a> 27th Jan 2002.  (A number of other speeches in several "
+"languages are also available on <a href=\"http://audio-video.gnu.org/";
+"\">audio-video.gnu.org</a>."
+msgstr ""
+"<a href=\"http://audio-video.gnu.org/audio/francais/rms-speech-paris-30-jan-";
+"2002.ogg\">Enregistrement audio d'une conf&eacute;rence en fran&ccedil;ais, "
+"<cite>l'&eacute;thique du syst&egrave;me GNU/Linux et de la "
+"communaut&eacute; des logiciels libres, les t&acirc;ches &agrave; accomplir "
+"et les risques &agrave; envisager</cite>, donn&eacute;e par Richard M. "
+"Stallman au CNIT &agrave; la D&eacute;fense, Paris, France.</a> le 27 "
+"janvier 2002.  (D'autres discours en d'autres langues sont aussi disponibles "
+"sur <a href=\"http://audio-video.gnu.org/\";>audio-video.gnu.org</a>."
+
+# type: Content of: <ul><li>
+msgid ""
+"<a href=\"http://www.april.org/actions/rms/20011120/stream.html\";>Audio "
+"recordings and a partial transcript</a> of the conference given by <a href="
+"\"http://www.stallman.org\";>Richard M. Stallman</a> to the French National "
+"Assembly on 20th November 2001."
+msgstr ""
+"<a href=\"http://www.april.org/actions/rms/20011120/stream.html";
+"\">Enregistrement audio et transcription partielle d'une</a> conf&eacute;"
+"rence donn&eacute;e par <a href=\"http://www.stallman.org\";>Richard M. "
+"Stallman</a> l'Assembl&eacute;e Nationale fran&ccedil;aise le 20 novembre "
+"2001."
+
+# type: Content of: <ul><li>
+msgid ""
+"<a href=\"/philosophy/stallman-mec-india.html\">Transcript of the speech, "
+"<cite>The Danger of Software Patents</cite></a> by <a href=\"http://www.";
+"stallman.org\">Richard M. Stallman</a> given at Government Model Engineering "
+"College, India on 24th July 2001.  Also, the MEC has posted an <a href="
+"\"http://www.mec.ac.in/events/rms/\";>audio recording and transcript</a> at "
+"their website."
+msgstr ""
+"<a href=\"/philosophy/stallman-mec-india.html\">Transcription du discours, "
+"<cite>The Danger of Software Patents</cite>(<cite>Le danger des brevets "
+"logiciels</cite>)</a> par <a href=\"http://www.stallman.org\";>Richard M. "
+"Stallman</a> donn&eacute; au Government Model Engineering College, Inde le "
+"24 juillet 2001.  &Eacute;galement, le MEC a publi&eacute; un <a href="
+"\"http://www.mec.ac.in/events/rms/\";>enregistrement audio et une "
+"transcription</a> sur leur site Web"
+
+# type: Content of: <ul><li>
+msgid ""
+"<a href=\"http://www.stallman.org\";>Richard Stallman</a>'s <a href=\"/"
+"philosophy/luispo-rms-interview.html\"> interview</a> about free software "
+"and business with Louis Suarez-Potts in May of 2001."
+msgstr ""
+"<a href=\"/philosophy/luispo-rms-interview.fr.html\">Interview</a> de <a "
+"href=\"http://www.stallman.org\";>Richard Stallman</a> par Louis Suarez-Potts "
+"en Mai 2001."
+
+# type: Content of: <ul><li>
+msgid ""
+"<a href=\"http://audio-video.gnu.org/audio/audio.html#NYU2001\";>Audio "
+"recording of a speech, <cite>Free Software: Freedom and Cooperation</cite>, "
+"given by Richard M. Stallman at New York University</a>.  A <a href=\"/"
+"events/rms-nyu-2001-transcript.html\">transcript of the speech</a> is also "
+"available."
+msgstr ""
+"<a href=\"http://audio-video.gnu.org/audio/audio.html#NYU2001";
+"\">Enregistrement audio d'une conf&eacute;rence en anglais, <cite>Free "
+"Software: Freedom and Cooperation</cite>, donn&eacute;e par Richard M. "
+"Stallman &agrave; l'Universit&eacute; de New York</a>.  Une <a href=\"/"
+"events/rms-nyu-2001-transcript.fr.html\">transcription de la conf&eacute;"
+"rence</a> est &eacute;galement disponible."
+
+# type: Content of: <ul><li>
+msgid ""
+"<a href=\"/philosophy/copyright-and-globalization.html\">Transcript of a "
+"speech, <cite>Copyright and Globalization in the Age of Computer Networks</"
+"cite>, given by Richard M. Stallman at MIT</a>."
+msgstr ""
+"<a href=\"/philosophy/copyright-and-globalization.fr.html\">Transcription "
+"d'une conf&eacute;rence, <cite>Droit d'auteur et mondialisation &agrave; "
+"l'&acirc;ge des r&eacute;seaux informatiques</cite>, donn&eacute;e par "
+"Richard M. Stallman au MIT</a>."
+
+# type: Content of: <ul><li>
+msgid ""
+"<a href=\"http://audio-video.gnu.org/audio/audio.html#MIT2001\";>Audio "
+"recording of a speech, <cite>Copyright and Globalization in the Age of "
+"Computer Networks</cite>, given by Richard M. Stallman at MIT</a>."
+msgstr ""
+"<a href=\"http://audio-video.gnu.org/audio/audio.html#MIT2001";
+"\">Enregistrement audio d'une conf&eacute;rence en anglais, <cite>Copyright "
+"and Globalization in the Age of Computer Networks</cite>, donn&eacute;e par "
+"Richard M. Stallman au MIT</a>."
+
+# type: Content of: <ul><li>
+msgid ""
+"<a href=\"http://audio-video.gnu.org/audio/audio.html#ArsDigita2001\";>Audio "
+"recording of a speech, <cite>The Free Software Movement and the GNU/Linux "
+"Operating System</cite>, given by Richard M. Stallman at ArsDigita "
+"University</a>."
+msgstr ""
+"<a href=\"http://audio-video.gnu.org/audio/audio.html#ArsDigita2001";
+"\">Enregistrement audio d'une conf&eacute;rence en anglais, <cite>The Free "
+"Software Movement and the GNU/Linux Operating System</cite>, donn&eacute;e "
+"par Richard M. Stallman &agrave; l'Universit&eacute; ArsDigita</a>."
+
+# type: Content of: <ul><li>
+msgid ""
+"<a href=\"http://audio-video.gnu.org/audio/audio.html#SLOV2000\";>Audio "
+"recording of a speech, <cite>The Free Software Movement and the GNU/Linux "
+"Operating System</cite>, given by Richard M. Stallman at Auditorium Smelt, "
+"Ljubljana, Slovenia</a>."
+msgstr ""
+"<a href=\"http://audio-video.gnu.org/audio/audio.html#SLOV2000";
+"\">Enregistrement audio d'un discours, <cite>The Free Software Movement and "
+"the GNU/Linux Operating System</cite> (<cite>Le mouvement du logiciel libre "
+"et le syst&egrave;me d'exploitation GNU/Linux</cite>), donn&eacute; par "
+"Richard M. Stallman &agrave; l'Auditorium Smelt, Laybach, Slov&eacute;nie</"
+"a>."
+
+# type: Content of: <ul><li>
+msgid ""
+"<a href=\"http://audio-video.gnu.org/audio/audio.html#LinuxTag2000\";>Audio "
+"recording of a speech, <cite>The Free Software Movement and the GNU/Linux "
+"Operating System</cite>, given by Richard M. Stallman at LinuxTag 2000</a>."
+msgstr ""
+"<a href=\"http://audio-video.gnu.org/audio/audio.html#LinuxTag2000";
+"\">Enregistrement audio d'une conf&eacute;rence en anglais, <cite>The Free "
+"Software Movement and the GNU/Linux Operating System</cite>, donn&eacute;e "
+"par Richard M. Stallman au LinuxTag 2000</a>."
+
+# type: Content of: <ul><li>
+msgid ""
+"<a href=\"http://audio-video.gnu.org/audio/audio.html#CGLUG2000\";>Audio "
+"recording of a speech, <cite>The Free Software Movement and the GNU/Linux "
+"Operating System</cite>, given by Richard M. Stallman at the University of "
+"Cincinnati</a>."
+msgstr ""
+"<a href=\"http://audio-video.gnu.org/audio/audio.html#CGLUG2000";
+"\">Enregistrement audio d'une conf&eacute;rence en anglais, <cite>The Free "
+"Software Movement and the GNU/Linux Operating System</cite>, donn&eacute;e "
+"par Richard M. Stallman &agrave; l'Universit&eacute; de Cincinnati</a>."
+
+# type: Content of: <ul><li>
+msgid ""
+"<a href=\"http://www.april.org/actions/rms/10111998/texte.html";
+"\">Transcription (in French)</a> of a speech that <a href=\"http://www.";
+"stallman.org/\">Richard Stallman</a> gave in 1998 at the University of Paris."
+msgstr ""
+"<a href=\"http://www.april.org/actions/rms/10111998/texte.html";
+"\">Transcription</a> d'un discours que <a href=\"http://www.stallman.org/";
+"\">Richard Stallman</a> a donné en 1998 à l'Université Paris 8 de Saint "
+"Denis."
+
+# type: Content of: <ul><li>
+msgid ""
+"<a href=\"/philosophy/greve-clown.html\">English translation of a speech</a> "
+"about the history and philosophy of the GNU Project that Georg Greve gave in "
+"1998 at the GNU/Linux Cluster &ldquo;CLOWN&rdquo; in Germany (<a href=\"/"
+"philosophy/greve-clown.de.html\">German original</a>)."
+msgstr ""
+"<a href=\"/philosophy/greve-clown.fr.html\">Traduction d'un discours en "
+"allemand</a> que Georg Greve a donn&eacute; en 1998 au GNU/Linux Cluster "
+"&laquo;&nbsp;CLOWN&nbsp;&raquo; en Allemagne (<a href=\"/philosophy/greve-"
+"clown.de.html\">original en allemand</a>)."
+
+# type: Content of: <ul><li>
+msgid ""
+"<a href=\"/gnu/byte-interview.html\">BYTE Interview</a> in July 1986 with <a "
+"href=\"http://www.stallman.org/\";>Richard Stallman</a> about the development "
+"of the GNU system."
+msgstr ""
+"<a href=\"/gnu/byte-interview.fr.html\">Entretien pour BYTE</a>en juillet "
+"1986 avec <a href=\"http://www.stallman.org/\";>Richard Stallman</a> sur le "
+"développement du système GNU."
+
+# type: Content of: <ul><li>
+msgid ""
+"A <a href=\"/philosophy/stallman-kth.html\">speech</a> that <a href=\"http://";
+"www.stallman.org/\">Richard Stallman</a> gave in 1986 at the Royal Institute "
+"of Technology in Sweden about the hacker community and the early days of the "
+"free software movement."
+msgstr ""
+"Une <a href=\"/philosophy/stallman-kth.fr.html\">conf&eacute;rence</a> que "
+"<a href=\"http://www.stallman.org/\";>Richard Stallman</a> a donn&eacute;e en "
+"1986 &agrave; l'Institut royal de technologie de Su&egrave;de sur la "
+"communauté des hackers et sur les premiers jours du mouvement pour le "
+"logiciel libre."
+
+# type: Content of: <ul><li>
+msgid ""
+"An <a href=\"http://audio-video.gnu.org/audio/francais\";>index of French "
+"recordings at audio-video.gnu.org</a> is also available."
+msgstr ""
+"Un <a href=\"http://audio-video.gnu.org/audio/francais\";>index des "
+"enregistrements en fran&ccedil;ais &agrave; audio-video.gnu.org</a> est "
+"&eacute;galement disponible."
 
 # type: Content of: <p>
-#| msgid "<a href=\"/philosophy/\">More philosophy articles</a>"
 msgid "Links to more philosophy articles"
 msgstr "Liens vers d'autres articles"
 
@@ -216,9 +576,10 @@
 msgstr "<a href=\"third-party-ideas.frhtml\">Idées de tierces parties</a>"
 
 # type: Content of: <p>
-#| msgid "<a href=\"/philosophy/\">More philosophy articles</a>"
 msgid "<a href=\"/philosophy/\">The main philosophy page</a>"
-msgstr "<a href=\"/philosophy/philosophy.fr.html\">Page principale de la 
philosophie GNU</a>"
+msgstr ""
+"<a href=\"/philosophy/philosophy.fr.html\">Page principale de la philosophie "
+"GNU</a>"
 
 # type: Content of: <div>
 #. TRANSLATORS: Use space (SPC) as msgstr if you don't have notes.
@@ -226,32 +587,57 @@
 msgstr " "
 
 # type: Content of: <div><p>
-msgid "Please send FSF &amp; GNU inquiries to <a 
href=\"mailto:address@hidden";><em>address@hidden</em></a>.  There are also <a 
href=\"/contact/\">other ways to contact</a> the FSF.  <br /> Please send 
broken links and other corrections or suggestions to <a 
href=\"mailto:address@hidden";><em>address@hidden</em></a>."
-msgstr "Veuillez envoyer les requêtes concernant la FSF et GNU à <a 
href=\"mailto:address@hidden";><em>address@hidden</em></a>. Il existe aussi <a 
href=\"/contact/\">d'autres moyens de contacter</a> la FSF. <br /> Veuillez 
envoyer les liens orphelins ou d'autres suggestions sur cette page Web aux <a 
href=\"/people/webmeisters.html\">webmestres de GNU</a> à l'adresse <a 
href=\"mailto:address@hidden";><em>address@hidden</em></a>."
+msgid ""
+"Please send FSF &amp; GNU inquiries to <a href=\"mailto:address@hidden";
+"\"><em>address@hidden</em></a>.  There are also <a href=\"/contact/\">other "
+"ways to contact</a> the FSF.  <br /> Please send broken links and other "
+"corrections or suggestions to <a href=\"mailto:address@hidden";
+"\"><em>address@hidden</em></a>."
+msgstr ""
+"Veuillez envoyer les requêtes concernant la FSF et GNU à <a href=\"mailto:";
+"address@hidden"><em>address@hidden</em></a>. Il existe aussi <a 
href=\"/contact/"
+"\">d'autres moyens de contacter</a> la FSF. <br /> Veuillez envoyer les "
+"liens orphelins ou d'autres suggestions sur cette page Web aux <a href=\"/"
+"people/webmeisters.html\">webmestres de GNU</a> à l'adresse <a 
href=\"mailto:";
+"address@hidden"><em>address@hidden</em></a>."
 
 # type: Content of: <div><p>
-msgid "Please see the <a 
href=\"/server/standards/README.translations.html\">Translations README</a> for 
information on coordinating and submitting translations of this article."
-msgstr "Veuillez consulter le <a 
href=\"/server/standards/README.translations.fr.html\">README des 
traductions</a> pour des informations sur la coordination et la soumission de 
traductions de cet article."
+msgid ""
+"Please see the <a href=\"/server/standards/README.translations.html"
+"\">Translations README</a> for information on coordinating and submitting "
+"translations of this article."
+msgstr ""
+"Veuillez consulter le <a href=\"/server/standards/README.translations.fr.html"
+"\">README des traductions</a> pour des informations sur la coordination et "
+"la soumission de traductions de cet article."
 
 # type: Content of: <div><p>
-#| msgid ""
-#| "Copyright &copy; 1996, 1997, 1998, 1999, 2000, 2001, 2002, 2003, 2004, "
-#| "2005, 2006, 2007, 2008 Free Software Foundation, Inc.,"
-msgid "Copyright &copy; 1996, 1997, 1998, 1999, 2000, 2001, 2002, 2003, 2004, 
2005, 2006, 2007, 2008,2009 Free Software Foundation, Inc.,"
-msgstr "Copyright &copy; 1996, 1997, 1998, 1999, 2000, 2001, 2002, 2003, 2004, 
2005, 2006, 2007, 2008, 2009 Free Software Foundation, Inc."
+msgid ""
+"Copyright &copy; 1996, 1997, 1998, 1999, 2000, 2001, 2002, 2003, 2004, 2005, "
+"2006, 2007, 2008,2009 Free Software Foundation, Inc.,"
+msgstr ""
+"Copyright &copy; 1996, 1997, 1998, 1999, 2000, 2001, 2002, 2003, 2004, 2005, "
+"2006, 2007, 2008, 2009 Free Software Foundation, Inc."
 
 # type: Content of: <div><address>
 msgid "51 Franklin St, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA 02110-1301, USA"
 msgstr "51 Franklin St, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA 02110-1301, USA"
 
 # type: Content of: <div><p>
-msgid "Verbatim copying and distribution of this entire article is permitted 
in any medium, provided this notice is preserved."
-msgstr "La reproduction exacte et la distribution intégrale de cet article 
est permise sur n'importe quel support d'archivage, pourvu que cette notice 
soit préservée."
+msgid ""
+"Verbatim copying and distribution of this entire article is permitted in any "
+"medium, provided this notice is preserved."
+msgstr ""
+"La reproduction exacte et la distribution intégrale de cet article est "
+"permise sur n'importe quel support d'archivage, pourvu que cette notice soit "
+"préservée."
 
 # type: Content of: <div><div>
 #. TRANSLATORS: Use space (SPC) as msgstr if you don't want credits.
 msgid "*GNUN-SLOT: TRANSLATOR'S CREDITS*"
-msgstr "Traduction&nbsp;: Cédric Corazza.<br /> Révision&nbsp;: <a 
href=\"mailto:trad-gnu&#64;april.org\";>trad-gnu&#64;april.org</a>"
+msgstr ""
+"Traduction&nbsp;: Cédric Corazza.<br /> Révision&nbsp;: <a href=\"mailto:";
+"trad-gnu&#64;april.org\">trad-gnu&#64;april.org</a>"
 
 # type: Content of: <div><p>
 #.  timestamp start
@@ -261,4 +647,3 @@
 # type: Content of: <div><h4>
 msgid "Translations of this page"
 msgstr "Traductions de cette page"
-

Index: philosophy/po/third-party-ideas.fr.po
===================================================================
RCS file: /web/www/www/philosophy/po/third-party-ideas.fr.po,v
retrieving revision 1.12
retrieving revision 1.13
diff -u -b -r1.12 -r1.13
--- philosophy/po/third-party-ideas.fr.po       29 Nov 2009 17:55:31 -0000      
1.12
+++ philosophy/po/third-party-ideas.fr.po       30 Nov 2009 21:27:03 -0000      
1.13
@@ -15,343 +15,926 @@
 "Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit\n"
 
 # type: Content of: <title>
-msgid "Philosophy of the GNU Project - GNU Project - Free Software Foundation 
(FSF)"
-msgstr "Philosophie du Projet GNU - GNU Project - Free Software Foundation 
(FSF)"
+msgid ""
+"Philosophy of the GNU Project - GNU Project - Free Software Foundation (FSF)"
+msgstr ""
+"Philosophie du Projet GNU - GNU Project - Free Software Foundation (FSF)"
 
 # type: Content of: <h3>
 msgid "Third Party Ideas"
 msgstr "Id&eacute;es de tierces personnes"
 
 # type: Content of: <p>
-msgid "These articles give other people's philosophical opinions in support of 
free software, or related issues, and don't speak for the GNU project &mdash; 
but we more or less agree with them."
-msgstr "Ces articles donnent les opinions philosophiques d'autres personnes en 
faveur des logiciels libres, ou de sujets connexes, et ne s'expriment pas au 
nom du projet GNU &mdash;&nbsp;mais nous sommes plus ou moins d'accord avec 
elles."
+msgid ""
+"These articles give other people's philosophical opinions in support of free "
+"software, or related issues, and don't speak for the GNU project &mdash; but "
+"we more or less agree with them."
+msgstr ""
+"Ces articles donnent les opinions philosophiques d'autres personnes en "
+"faveur des logiciels libres, ou de sujets connexes, et ne s'expriment pas au "
+"nom du projet GNU &mdash;&nbsp;mais nous sommes plus ou moins d'accord avec "
+"elles."
 
 # type: Content of: <p>
-msgid "Many of the <a 
href=\"/links/links.html#FreedomOrganizations\">Organizations that Work for 
Freedom in Computer Development and Electronic Communications</a> also have 
philosophical opinions in support of free software, or related issues."
-msgstr "De nombreuses <a 
href=\"/links/links.fr.html#FreedomOrganizations\">organisations qui œuvrent 
pour la libert&eacute; dans le d&eacute;veloppement informatique et les 
communications &eacute;lectroniques</a> ont aussi des opinions philosophiques 
en faveur des logiciels libres, ou de sujets li&eacute;s."
-
-# type: Content of: <ul><li>
-msgid "<a 
href=\"http://freedom-to-tinker.com/blog/tblee/trouble-free-riding\";>The 
Trouble with &ldquo;Free Riding&rdquo;</a>, by Timothy B. Lee."
-msgstr "<a 
href=\"http://freedom-to-tinker.com/blog/tblee/trouble-free-riding\";>Le 
problème des «&nbsp;Free Riding&nbsp;»</a>, par Timothy B. Lee."
-
-# type: Content of: <ul><li>
-msgid "<a 
href=\"http://www.cato-unbound.org/2008/06/09/rasmus-fleischer/the-future-of-copyright/\";>The
 Future of Copyright</a>, an essay by Rasmus Fleischer."
-msgstr "<a 
href=\"http://www.cato-unbound.org/2008/06/09/rasmus-fleischer/the-future-of-copyright/\";>Le
 futur du copyright</a>, un essai de Rasmus Fleischer."
-
-# type: Content of: <ul><li>
-msgid "<a 
href=\"http://www.cic.unb.br/docentes/pedro/trabs/stockholm.html\";>The Digital 
Stockholm Syndrome</a>: reflections over some psychological responses to market 
forces, by Pedro Rezende, University of Brasilia."
-msgstr "<a 
href=\"http://www.cic.unb.br/docentes/pedro/trabs/stockholm.html\";>Le syndrome 
de Stockholm numérique</a>&nbsp;: reflexions sur certaines réponses 
psychologiques aux forces du marché, par Pedro Rezende, Université de 
Brasilia."
-
-# type: Content of: <ul><li>
-msgid "<a href=\"http://questioncopyright.org\";>QuestionCopyright.org</a> is a 
web site about the history and effects of copyright, dedicated to raise 
awareness of the harmful consequences of today's copyright system."
-msgstr "<a href=\"http://questioncopyright.org\";>QuestionCopyright.org</a> est 
un site Web sur l'histoire et les effets du copyright, destin&eacute; &agrave; 
faire prendre conscience des cons&eacute;quences dommageables du syst&egrave;me 
de copyright actuel."
-
-# type: Content of: <ul><li>
-msgid "<a 
href=\"http://www.informationweek.com/story/showArticle.jhtml?articleID=196601781\";>
 How Vista Lets Microsoft Lock Users In</a> by Cory Doctorow.  <b>Note:</b> We 
think it is a mistake to use the enemy's favorable-sounding propaganda terms 
such as &ldquo;trusted computing&rdquo; to describe a malicious plan."
-msgstr "<a 
href=\"http://www.informationweek.com/story/showArticle.jhtml?articleID=196601781\";>Comment
 Vista permet &agrave; Microsoft de verrouiller les utilisateurs</a> par Cory 
Doctorow. <b>Note</b>&nbsp;: Nous pensons que c'est une erreur d'utiliser les 
termes de propagande de l'ennemi, qui paraissent favorables, tels que 
&laquo;&nbsp;informatique de confiance&nbsp;&raquo;, pour d&eacute;crire un 
plan malicieux."
-
-# type: Content of: <ul><li>
-msgid "<a href=\"http://www.movingtofreedom.org/\";>movingtofreedom.org</a>, 
Scott Carpenter's blog with many freedom-related articles."
-msgstr "<a href=\"http://www.movingtofreedom.org/\";>movingtofreedom.org</a>, 
le blog de Scott Carpenter avec beaucoup d'articles relatifs &agrave; la 
libert&eacute;."
-
-# type: Content of: <ul><li>
-msgid "<a href=\"http://lwn.net/Articles/194701/\";>A couple of lessons on the 
hazards of proprietary software</a>."
-msgstr "<a href=\"http://lwn.net/Articles/194701/\";>Deux leçons sur les 
dangers du logiciel propriétaire</a>, décrit les dangers du logiciel 
propriétaire."
-
-# type: Content of: <ul><li>
-msgid "<a 
href=\"http://southflorida.bizjournals.com/southflorida/stories/2006/07/03/story8.html\";>
 Multiple doctors cut off from records by Dr. Notes </a>, an example of how 
proprietary software gives the developers unjust power over the users."
-msgstr "<a 
href=\"http://southflorida.bizjournals.com/southflorida/stories/2006/07/03/story8.html\";>Plusieurs
 morceaux d'enregistrements de docteurs par Dr Notes</a>, un exemple de la 
fa&ccedil;on dont le logiciel propri&eacute;taire donne aux d&eacute;veloppeurs 
un pouvoir injuste sur les utilisateurs."
-
-# type: Content of: <ul><li>
-msgid "Jimmy Wales explains why <a 
href=\"http://blog.jimmywales.com/index.php/archives/2004/10/21/free-knowledge-requires-free-software-and-free-file-formats/\";>
 Free Knowledge requires Free Software and Free File Formats</a> in this paper. 
He also exposes why <a href=\"http://www.wikipedia.org\";>Wikipedia</a> needs to 
be free software."
-msgstr "Jimmy Wales explique pourquoi <a 
href=\"http://blog.jimmywales.com/index.php/archives/2004/10/21/free-knowledge-requires-free-software-and-free-file-formats/\";>
 le savoir libre n&eacute;cessite des logiciels libres et des formats de 
fichiers libres</a> dans ce document. Il explique &eacute;galement pourquoi <a 
href=\"http://www.wikipedia.org\";>Wikipedia</a> a besoin d'&ecirc;tre un 
logiciel libre."
-
-# type: Content of: <ul><li>
-msgid "<a href=\"http://www.juergen-ernst.de/info_swpat_en.html\";>Software 
patents under the magnifying glass</a>. In this article the author uses 
arguments based on lambda calculus to show why software cannot be patented."
-msgstr "<a href=\"http://www.juergen-ernst.de/info_swpat_en.html\";>Les brevets 
logiciels &agrave; la loupe</a>. Dans cet article, l'auteur utilise des 
arguments bas&eacute;s sur le lambda calcul pour montrer pourquoi les logiciels 
ne peuvent &ecirc;tre brevet&eacute;s."
-
-# type: Content of: <ul><li>
-msgid "<a href=\"http://lwn.net/Articles/204641/\";>Free gadgets need free 
software</a>, an editorial reporting a firmware &ldquo;upgrade&rdquo; that 
removes the ability to record radio broadcasts."
-msgstr "<a href=\"http://lwn.net/Articles/204641/\";>Les gadgets libres 
n&eacute;cessitent des logiciels libres</a>, un &eacute;ditorial qui rapporte 
comment une &laquo;&nbsp;mise &agrave; jour&nbsp;&raquo; de firmware supprime 
la possibilit&eacute; d'enregistrer des programmes radiodiffus&eacute;s."
-
-# type: Content of: <ul><li>
-msgid "Lakhani and Wolf's <a 
href=\"http://freesoftware.mit.edu/papers/lakhaniwolf.pdf\";>paper on the 
motivation of free software developers</a> says that a considerable fraction 
are motivated by the view that software should be free.  This was despite the 
fact that they surveyed the developers on SourceForge, a site that does not 
support the view that this is an ethical issue."
-msgstr "Le papier de Lakhani et Wolf <a 
href=\"http://freesoftware.mit.edu/papers/lakhaniwolf.pdf\";>sur la motivation 
des d&eacute;veloppeurs de logiciel libre</a> dit qu'une part 
consid&eacute;rable est motiv&eacute; par l'id&eacute;e que le logiciel devrait 
&ecirc;tre libre. Et ce, en d&eacute;pit du fait qu'il aient 
enqu&ecirc;t&eacute; sur les d&eacute;veloppeurs sur SourceForge, un site qui 
ne soutient pas l'id&eacute;e qu'il s'agisse d'un probl&egrave;me 
&eacute;thique."
-
-# type: Content of: <ul><li>
-msgid "<a href=\"http://www.theinquirer.net/?article=11663\";>Groklaw sends a 
Dear Darl letter</a>; a group from the free software and open source community 
has put together a response to SCO CEO Darl McBride's Open Letter to the Open 
Source Community."
-msgstr "<a href=\"http://www.theinquirer.net/?article=11663\";>Groklaw sends a 
Dear Darl letter</a>; un groupe de la communaut&eacute; du logiciel libre et 
open source a fait une r&eacute;ponse conjointe &agrave; la lettre ouverte 
&agrave; la communaut&eacute; open source du PDG de SCO, Darl McBride."
-
-# type: Content of: <ul><li>
-msgid "<a 
href=\"http://www.hardwarecentral.com/hardwarecentral/editorials/4788/1,\";>Hardware
 Central</a>.  We disagree with one aspect of this article's conclusion: It's 
not legitimate for Microsoft to help Disney and the RIAA impose Digital 
Restrictions Management on you, any more than it is legitimate for Disney and 
the RIAA to try it.  The full power of computing should be available to you, 
not just to the owners of information."
-msgstr "<a 
href=\"http://www.hardwarecentral.com/hardwarecentral/editorials/4788/1,\";>Hardware
 Central</a>. Nous ne sommes pas d'accord avec un aspect de la conclusion de 
cet article&nbsp;: Il n'est pas l&eacute;gitime pour Microsoft d'aider Disney 
et la RIAA &agrave; de vous imposer la Digital Restrictions Management, pas 
plus qu'il n'est l&eacute;gitime pour Disney et la RIAA d'essayer de la faire. 
La puissance de traitement compl&egrave;te doit vous &ecirc;tre accessible, et 
pas seulement pour ceux qui sont propri&eacute;taires de l'information."
-
-# type: Content of: <ul><li>
-msgid "<a href=\"http://portal.softwarelivre.org/news/1185\";>The Brazilian 
Federal Goverment sponsored a national Free Software Movement</a> in Brazil. 
This article is in Brazilian Porteguese."
-msgstr "<a href=\"http://portal.softwarelivre.org/news/1185\";>Le gouvernement 
f&eacute;d&eacute;ral br&eacute;silien a sponsoris&eacute; un mouvement 
national du logiciel libre</a> au Br&eacute;sil. Cet article est en portugais 
br&eacute;silien."
-
-# type: Content of: <ul><li>
-msgid "The SCO Sue Me Petition has overwhelmed its inceptor and the petition 
is no longer taking votes. The author of the petition, John Everitt, was 
expecting only several responses but instead he had thousands of participants. 
<a href=\"http://www.linuxjournal.com/article.php?sid=6913\";>In the last 
available public communication about the petition</a>, he urged people to help 
<a href=\"http://www.fsf.org\";>FSF</a> in any way possible."
-msgstr "La p&eacute;tition &laquo;&nbsp;SCO Sue Me&nbsp;&raquo; a 
submerg&eacute; son initiateur et la p&eacute;tition ne recueille plus de 
votes. L'auteur de cette p&eacute;tition, John Everitt, s'attendait seulement 
&agrave; recevoir quelques r&eacute;ponses, mais au lieu de cela, il a eu des 
milliers de participants. <a 
href=\"http://www.linuxjournal.com/article.php?sid=6913\";>Dans la 
derni&egrave;re communication publique disponible de la p&eacute;tition</a>, il 
pressait les gens &agrave; aider la <a href=\"http://www.fsf.org\";>FSF</a> de 
toutes les fa&ccedil;ons possibles."
-
-# type: Content of: <ul><li>
-msgid "<a 
href=\"http://proposicion.org.ar/doc/gob/Conde-281102/index.html.en\";>Senator 
Alberto Conde's answer</a> to CESSI regarding Bill E-135/02-03 which proposes 
use of Free Software in the public sector for the province of Buenos Aires. <a 
href=\"http://proposicion.org.ar/proyecto/leyes/E-135.02-03/\";>The bill</a> has 
been submitted by Senator Alberto Conde himself."
-msgstr "<a 
href=\"http://proposicion.org.ar/doc/gob/Conde-281102/index.html.en\";>La 
r&eacute;ponse du S&eacute;nateur Alberto Conde</a> au CESSI concernant la loi 
E-135/02-03 qui propose l'utilisation de logiciel libre dans le secteur public 
pour la province de Buenos Aires. <a 
href=\"http://proposicion.org.ar/proyecto/leyes/E-135.02-03/\";>La loi </a>a 
&eacute;t&eacute; soumise par le S&eacute;nateur Alberto Conde lui-m&ecirc;me."
-
-# type: Content of: <ul><li>
-msgid "Some economists argue that copyright and patents <a 
href=\"http://www.reason.com/0303/fe.dc.creation.shtml\";> fail to promote the 
progress</a> that they supposedly exist to promote."
-msgstr "Quelques &eacute;conomistes argumentent que les droits d'auteur et les 
brevets <a href=\"http://www.reason.com/0303/fe.dc.creation.shtml\";> 
&eacute;chouent &agrave; promouvoir le progr&egrave;s</a>, dont c'&eacute;tait 
le but de leur cr&eacute;ation."
+msgid ""
+"Many of the <a href=\"/links/links.html#FreedomOrganizations\">Organizations "
+"that Work for Freedom in Computer Development and Electronic Communications</"
+"a> also have philosophical opinions in support of free software, or related "
+"issues."
+msgstr ""
+"De nombreuses <a href=\"/links/links.fr.html#FreedomOrganizations"
+"\">organisations qui œuvrent pour la libert&eacute; dans le d&eacute;"
+"veloppement informatique et les communications &eacute;lectroniques</a> ont "
+"aussi des opinions philosophiques en faveur des logiciels libres, ou de "
+"sujets li&eacute;s."
+
+# type: Content of: <ul><li>
+msgid ""
+"<a href=\"http://freedom-to-tinker.com/blog/tblee/trouble-free-riding\";>The "
+"Trouble with &ldquo;Free Riding&rdquo;</a>, by Timothy B. Lee."
+msgstr ""
+"<a href=\"http://freedom-to-tinker.com/blog/tblee/trouble-free-riding\";>Le "
+"problème des «&nbsp;Free Riding&nbsp;»</a>, par Timothy B. Lee."
+
+# type: Content of: <ul><li>
+msgid ""
+"<a href=\"http://www.cato-unbound.org/2008/06/09/rasmus-fleischer/the-future-";
+"of-copyright/\">The Future of Copyright</a>, an essay by Rasmus Fleischer."
+msgstr ""
+"<a href=\"http://www.cato-unbound.org/2008/06/09/rasmus-fleischer/the-future-";
+"of-copyright/\">Le futur du copyright</a>, un essai de Rasmus Fleischer."
+
+# type: Content of: <ul><li>
+msgid ""
+"<a href=\"http://www.cic.unb.br/docentes/pedro/trabs/stockholm.html\";>The "
+"Digital Stockholm Syndrome</a>: reflections over some psychological "
+"responses to market forces, by Pedro Rezende, University of Brasilia."
+msgstr ""
+"<a href=\"http://www.cic.unb.br/docentes/pedro/trabs/stockholm.html\";>Le "
+"syndrome de Stockholm numérique</a>&nbsp;: reflexions sur certaines 
réponses "
+"psychologiques aux forces du marché, par Pedro Rezende, Université de "
+"Brasilia."
+
+# type: Content of: <ul><li>
+msgid ""
+"<a href=\"http://questioncopyright.org\";>QuestionCopyright.org</a> is a web "
+"site about the history and effects of copyright, dedicated to raise "
+"awareness of the harmful consequences of today's copyright system."
+msgstr ""
+"<a href=\"http://questioncopyright.org\";>QuestionCopyright.org</a> est un "
+"site Web sur l'histoire et les effets du copyright, destin&eacute; &agrave; "
+"faire prendre conscience des cons&eacute;quences dommageables du syst&egrave;"
+"me de copyright actuel."
+
+# type: Content of: <ul><li>
+msgid ""
+"<a href=\"http://www.informationweek.com/story/showArticle.jhtml?";
+"articleID=196601781\"> How Vista Lets Microsoft Lock Users In</a> by Cory "
+"Doctorow.  <b>Note:</b> We think it is a mistake to use the enemy's "
+"favorable-sounding propaganda terms such as &ldquo;trusted computing&rdquo; "
+"to describe a malicious plan."
+msgstr ""
+"<a href=\"http://www.informationweek.com/story/showArticle.jhtml?";
+"articleID=196601781\">Comment Vista permet &agrave; Microsoft de verrouiller "
+"les utilisateurs</a> par Cory Doctorow. <b>Note</b>&nbsp;: Nous pensons que "
+"c'est une erreur d'utiliser les termes de propagande de l'ennemi, qui "
+"paraissent favorables, tels que &laquo;&nbsp;informatique de confiance&nbsp;"
+"&raquo;, pour d&eacute;crire un plan malicieux."
+
+# type: Content of: <ul><li>
+msgid ""
+"<a href=\"http://www.movingtofreedom.org/\";>movingtofreedom.org</a>, Scott "
+"Carpenter's blog with many freedom-related articles."
+msgstr ""
+"<a href=\"http://www.movingtofreedom.org/\";>movingtofreedom.org</a>, le blog "
+"de Scott Carpenter avec beaucoup d'articles relatifs &agrave; la "
+"libert&eacute;."
+
+# type: Content of: <ul><li>
+msgid ""
+"<a href=\"http://lwn.net/Articles/194701/\";>A couple of lessons on the "
+"hazards of proprietary software</a>."
+msgstr ""
+"<a href=\"http://lwn.net/Articles/194701/\";>Deux leçons sur les dangers du "
+"logiciel propriétaire</a>, décrit les dangers du logiciel propriétaire."
+
+# type: Content of: <ul><li>
+msgid ""
+"<a href=\"http://southflorida.bizjournals.com/southflorida/";
+"stories/2006/07/03/story8.html\"> Multiple doctors cut off from records by "
+"Dr. Notes </a>, an example of how proprietary software gives the developers "
+"unjust power over the users."
+msgstr ""
+"<a href=\"http://southflorida.bizjournals.com/southflorida/";
+"stories/2006/07/03/story8.html\">Plusieurs morceaux d'enregistrements de "
+"docteurs par Dr Notes</a>, un exemple de la fa&ccedil;on dont le logiciel "
+"propri&eacute;taire donne aux d&eacute;veloppeurs un pouvoir injuste sur les "
+"utilisateurs."
+
+# type: Content of: <ul><li>
+msgid ""
+"Jimmy Wales explains why <a href=\"http://blog.jimmywales.com/index.php/";
+"archives/2004/10/21/free-knowledge-requires-free-software-and-free-file-"
+"formats/\"> Free Knowledge requires Free Software and Free File Formats</a> "
+"in this paper. He also exposes why <a href=\"http://www.wikipedia.org";
+"\">Wikipedia</a> needs to be free software."
+msgstr ""
+"Jimmy Wales explique pourquoi <a href=\"http://blog.jimmywales.com/index.php/";
+"archives/2004/10/21/free-knowledge-requires-free-software-and-free-file-"
+"formats/\"> le savoir libre n&eacute;cessite des logiciels libres et des "
+"formats de fichiers libres</a> dans ce document. Il explique &eacute;"
+"galement pourquoi <a href=\"http://www.wikipedia.org\";>Wikipedia</a> a "
+"besoin d'&ecirc;tre un logiciel libre."
+
+# type: Content of: <ul><li>
+msgid ""
+"<a href=\"http://www.juergen-ernst.de/info_swpat_en.html\";>Software patents "
+"under the magnifying glass</a>. In this article the author uses arguments "
+"based on lambda calculus to show why software cannot be patented."
+msgstr ""
+"<a href=\"http://www.juergen-ernst.de/info_swpat_en.html\";>Les brevets "
+"logiciels &agrave; la loupe</a>. Dans cet article, l'auteur utilise des "
+"arguments bas&eacute;s sur le lambda calcul pour montrer pourquoi les "
+"logiciels ne peuvent &ecirc;tre brevet&eacute;s."
+
+# type: Content of: <ul><li>
+msgid ""
+"<a href=\"http://lwn.net/Articles/204641/\";>Free gadgets need free software</"
+"a>, an editorial reporting a firmware &ldquo;upgrade&rdquo; that removes the "
+"ability to record radio broadcasts."
+msgstr ""
+"<a href=\"http://lwn.net/Articles/204641/\";>Les gadgets libres n&eacute;"
+"cessitent des logiciels libres</a>, un &eacute;ditorial qui rapporte comment "
+"une &laquo;&nbsp;mise &agrave; jour&nbsp;&raquo; de firmware supprime la "
+"possibilit&eacute; d'enregistrer des programmes radiodiffus&eacute;s."
+
+# type: Content of: <ul><li>
+msgid ""
+"Lakhani and Wolf's <a href=\"http://freesoftware.mit.edu/papers/lakhaniwolf.";
+"pdf\">paper on the motivation of free software developers</a> says that a "
+"considerable fraction are motivated by the view that software should be "
+"free.  This was despite the fact that they surveyed the developers on "
+"SourceForge, a site that does not support the view that this is an ethical "
+"issue."
+msgstr ""
+"Le papier de Lakhani et Wolf <a href=\"http://freesoftware.mit.edu/papers/";
+"lakhaniwolf.pdf\">sur la motivation des d&eacute;veloppeurs de logiciel "
+"libre</a> dit qu'une part consid&eacute;rable est motiv&eacute; par "
+"l'id&eacute;e que le logiciel devrait &ecirc;tre libre. Et ce, en d&eacute;"
+"pit du fait qu'il aient enqu&ecirc;t&eacute; sur les d&eacute;veloppeurs sur "
+"SourceForge, un site qui ne soutient pas l'id&eacute;e qu'il s'agisse d'un "
+"probl&egrave;me &eacute;thique."
+
+# type: Content of: <ul><li>
+msgid ""
+"<a href=\"http://www.theinquirer.net/?article=11663\";>Groklaw sends a Dear "
+"Darl letter</a>; a group from the free software and open source community "
+"has put together a response to SCO CEO Darl McBride's Open Letter to the "
+"Open Source Community."
+msgstr ""
+"<a href=\"http://www.theinquirer.net/?article=11663\";>Groklaw sends a Dear "
+"Darl letter</a>; un groupe de la communaut&eacute; du logiciel libre et open "
+"source a fait une r&eacute;ponse conjointe &agrave; la lettre ouverte "
+"&agrave; la communaut&eacute; open source du PDG de SCO, Darl McBride."
+
+# type: Content of: <ul><li>
+msgid ""
+"<a href=\"http://www.hardwarecentral.com/hardwarecentral/editorials/4788/1,";
+"\">Hardware Central</a>.  We disagree with one aspect of this article's "
+"conclusion: It's not legitimate for Microsoft to help Disney and the RIAA "
+"impose Digital Restrictions Management on you, any more than it is "
+"legitimate for Disney and the RIAA to try it.  The full power of computing "
+"should be available to you, not just to the owners of information."
+msgstr ""
+"<a href=\"http://www.hardwarecentral.com/hardwarecentral/editorials/4788/1,";
+"\">Hardware Central</a>. Nous ne sommes pas d'accord avec un aspect de la "
+"conclusion de cet article&nbsp;: Il n'est pas l&eacute;gitime pour Microsoft "
+"d'aider Disney et la RIAA &agrave; de vous imposer la Digital Restrictions "
+"Management, pas plus qu'il n'est l&eacute;gitime pour Disney et la RIAA "
+"d'essayer de la faire. La puissance de traitement compl&egrave;te doit vous "
+"&ecirc;tre accessible, et pas seulement pour ceux qui sont propri&eacute;"
+"taires de l'information."
+
+# type: Content of: <ul><li>
+msgid ""
+"<a href=\"http://portal.softwarelivre.org/news/1185\";>The Brazilian Federal "
+"Goverment sponsored a national Free Software Movement</a> in Brazil. This "
+"article is in Brazilian Porteguese."
+msgstr ""
+"<a href=\"http://portal.softwarelivre.org/news/1185\";>Le gouvernement "
+"f&eacute;d&eacute;ral br&eacute;silien a sponsoris&eacute; un mouvement "
+"national du logiciel libre</a> au Br&eacute;sil. Cet article est en "
+"portugais br&eacute;silien."
+
+# type: Content of: <ul><li>
+msgid ""
+"The SCO Sue Me Petition has overwhelmed its inceptor and the petition is no "
+"longer taking votes. The author of the petition, John Everitt, was expecting "
+"only several responses but instead he had thousands of participants. <a href="
+"\"http://www.linuxjournal.com/article.php?sid=6913\";>In the last available "
+"public communication about the petition</a>, he urged people to help <a href="
+"\"http://www.fsf.org\";>FSF</a> in any way possible."
+msgstr ""
+"La p&eacute;tition &laquo;&nbsp;SCO Sue Me&nbsp;&raquo; a submerg&eacute; "
+"son initiateur et la p&eacute;tition ne recueille plus de votes. L'auteur de "
+"cette p&eacute;tition, John Everitt, s'attendait seulement &agrave; recevoir "
+"quelques r&eacute;ponses, mais au lieu de cela, il a eu des milliers de "
+"participants. <a href=\"http://www.linuxjournal.com/article.php?sid=6913";
+"\">Dans la derni&egrave;re communication publique disponible de la p&eacute;"
+"tition</a>, il pressait les gens &agrave; aider la <a href=\"http://www.fsf.";
+"org\">FSF</a> de toutes les fa&ccedil;ons possibles."
+
+# type: Content of: <ul><li>
+msgid ""
+"<a href=\"http://proposicion.org.ar/doc/gob/Conde-281102/index.html.en";
+"\">Senator Alberto Conde's answer</a> to CESSI regarding Bill E-135/02-03 "
+"which proposes use of Free Software in the public sector for the province of "
+"Buenos Aires. <a href=\"http://proposicion.org.ar/proyecto/leyes/E-135.02-03/";
+"\">The bill</a> has been submitted by Senator Alberto Conde himself."
+msgstr ""
+"<a href=\"http://proposicion.org.ar/doc/gob/Conde-281102/index.html.en\";>La "
+"r&eacute;ponse du S&eacute;nateur Alberto Conde</a> au CESSI concernant la "
+"loi E-135/02-03 qui propose l'utilisation de logiciel libre dans le secteur "
+"public pour la province de Buenos Aires. <a href=\"http://proposicion.org.ar/";
+"proyecto/leyes/E-135.02-03/\">La loi </a>a &eacute;t&eacute; soumise par le "
+"S&eacute;nateur Alberto Conde lui-m&ecirc;me."
+
+# type: Content of: <ul><li>
+msgid ""
+"Some economists argue that copyright and patents <a href=\"http://www.reason.";
+"com/0303/fe.dc.creation.shtml\"> fail to promote the progress</a> that they "
+"supposedly exist to promote."
+msgstr ""
+"Quelques &eacute;conomistes argumentent que les droits d'auteur et les "
+"brevets <a href=\"http://www.reason.com/0303/fe.dc.creation.shtml\";> &eacute;"
+"chouent &agrave; promouvoir le progr&egrave;s</a>, dont c'&eacute;tait le "
+"but de leur cr&eacute;ation."
 
 # type: Content of: <ul><li><p>
-msgid "This article takes a narrowly economic view of its subject, measuring 
social alternatives only by what goods are available for what price, assuming 
that you the citizen are a mere consumer and place no value on your freedom in 
itself.  It also uses the misleading term <a 
href=\"/philosophy/words-to-avoid.html#IntellectualProperty\">&ldquo;intellectual
 property&rdquo;</a>, which is misleading because it lumps copyrights and 
patents together.  The article also lumps them together, which it can get away 
with because it ignores the (different) social issues that copyrights and 
patents raise."
-msgstr "Cet article adopte une vision &eacute;conomique &eacute;troite sur le 
sujet, mesurant les alternatives sociales en crit&egrave;res de&nbsp;: quels 
biens seront disponibles pour quel prix, supposant que vous, le citoyen, 
&ecirc;tes un simple consommateur et ne donne aucune valeur &agrave; votre 
libert&eacute;. Il utilise &eacute;galement le terme pr&ecirc;tant &agrave; 
confusion <a 
href=\"/philosophy/words-to-avoid.fr.html#IntellectualProperty\">&laquo;&nbsp;propri&eacute;t&eacute;
 intellectuelle&nbsp;&raquo;</a>, qui est trompeur car il met dans un 
m&ecirc;me sac droits d'auteur et brevets. Cet article les m&eacute;lange car 
il ignore les (diff&eacute;rents) probl&egrave;mes que droits d'auteurs et 
brevets soul&egrave;vent."
+msgid ""
+"This article takes a narrowly economic view of its subject, measuring social "
+"alternatives only by what goods are available for what price, assuming that "
+"you the citizen are a mere consumer and place no value on your freedom in "
+"itself.  It also uses the misleading term <a href=\"/philosophy/words-to-"
+"avoid.html#IntellectualProperty\">&ldquo;intellectual property&rdquo;</a>, "
+"which is misleading because it lumps copyrights and patents together.  The "
+"article also lumps them together, which it can get away with because it "
+"ignores the (different) social issues that copyrights and patents raise."
+msgstr ""
+"Cet article adopte une vision &eacute;conomique &eacute;troite sur le sujet, "
+"mesurant les alternatives sociales en crit&egrave;res de&nbsp;: quels biens "
+"seront disponibles pour quel prix, supposant que vous, le citoyen, &ecirc;"
+"tes un simple consommateur et ne donne aucune valeur &agrave; votre "
+"libert&eacute;. Il utilise &eacute;galement le terme pr&ecirc;tant &agrave; "
+"confusion <a href=\"/philosophy/words-to-avoid.fr.html#IntellectualProperty"
+"\">&laquo;&nbsp;propri&eacute;t&eacute; intellectuelle&nbsp;&raquo;</a>, qui "
+"est trompeur car il met dans un m&ecirc;me sac droits d'auteur et brevets. "
+"Cet article les m&eacute;lange car il ignore les (diff&eacute;rents) "
+"probl&egrave;mes que droits d'auteurs et brevets soul&egrave;vent."
 
 # type: Content of: <ul><li><p>
-msgid "Despite those flaws, it is significant. If one can judge copyright to 
be harmful even on narrow economic terms, disregarding the ethical wrong of 
stopping people from sharing, it can only be more harmful once we consider the 
ethics as well."
-msgstr "Malgr&eacute; ces d&eacute;fauts, il est important. Si on peut juger 
que le droit d'auteur est dangereux m&ecirc;me en termes &eacute;conomiques 
&eacute;troits, en ne consid&eacute;rant pas le tort &eacute;thique 
d'emp&ecirc;cher les gens de partager, il ne peut &ecirc;tre que plus dangereux 
encore si l'on consid&egrave;re aussi l'&eacute;thique."
-
-# type: Content of: <ul><li>
-msgid "Two articles by Duncan Campbell describe how NSA backdoors were hidden 
in proprietary software programs: <a 
href=\"http://www.heise.de/tp/english/inhalt/te/2898/1.html\";>&ldquo;Only NSA 
can listen, so that's OK&rdquo;</a> and <a 
href=\"http://www.heise.de/tp/english/inhalt/te/5263/1.html\";>&ldquo;How NSA 
access was built into Windows&rdquo;</a>.  Both are clear demonstrations of how 
users of proprietary software can often be unaware of what they are actually 
running."
-msgstr "Deux articles de Duncan Campbell d&eacute;crivent comment des portes 
d&eacute;rob&eacute;es de la NSA ont &eacute;t&eacute; cach&eacute;es dans des 
logiciels propri&eacute;taires&nbsp;: <a 
href=\"http://www.heise.de/tp/english/inhalt/te/2898/1.html\";>&laquo;&nbsp;Seule
 la NSA peut &eacute;couter, alors c'est OK&nbsp;&raquo;</a> et <a 
href=\"http://www.heise.de/tp/english/inhalt/te/5263/1.html\";>&laquo;&nbsp;Comment
 l'acc&egrave;s pour la NSA a &eacute;t&eacute; construit dans 
Windows&nbsp;&raquo;</a>. Les deux articles sont des d&eacute;monstrations 
claires de ce que les utilisateurs de logiciel propri&eacute;taire peuvent 
souvent ne pas &ecirc;tre conscients de ce qui s'ex&eacute;cute en fait sur 
leur machine."
-
-# type: Content of: <ul><li>
-msgid "<a 
href=\"http://www.culturaleconomics.atfreeweb.com/cpu.htm\";>&ldquo;Copyright 
C.P.U.&rdquo;</a> by Harry Hillman Chartrand is a good summary of the history 
of copyright."
-msgstr "<a 
href=\"http://www.culturaleconomics.atfreeweb.com/cpu.htm\";>&laquo;&nbsp;Copyright
 C.P.U.&nbsp;&raquo;</a> par Harry Hillman Chartrand, est un bon 
r&eacute;sum&eacute; de l'histoire du droit d'auteur."
-
-# type: Content of: <ul><li>
-msgid "Malla Pollack's <a 
href=\"http://eon.law.harvard.edu/openlaw/eldredvashcroft/progress.html\";>&ldquo;What
 is Congress Supposed to Promote?&rdquo;</a> explains how the United States' 
government's recent tendencies to provide maximum control to copyright holders 
defies the justification for establishment of copyright set out in the 
constitution."
-msgstr "Malla Pollack <a 
href=\"http://eon.law.harvard.edu/openlaw/eldredvashcroft/progress.html\";>&laquo;&nbsp;Qu'est-ce
 que le Congr&egrave;s est suppos&eacute; promouvoir&nbsp;?&nbsp;&raquo;</a> 
explique comment les derni&egrave;res tendances du gouvernement des 
&Eacute;tats-Unis &agrave; donner le contr&ocirc;le maximal aux 
d&eacute;tenteurs de droits d'auteur d&eacute;fient la justification pour 
l'&eacute;tablissement du droit d'auteur d&eacute;finie dans la Constitution."
-
-# type: Content of: <ul><li>
-msgid "Mikael Pawlo's <a 
href=\"http://newsforge.com/newsforge/02/05/08/153204.shtml?tid=19\";>&ldquo;Software
 lemon law with bitter taste&rdquo;</a> explains how a &ldquo;lemon law&rdquo; 
for software could threaten free software development."
-msgstr "<a 
href=\"http://newsforge.com/newsforge/02/05/08/153204.shtml?tid=19\";>&laquo;&nbsp;Software
 lemon law with bitter taste&nbsp;&raquo;</a> de Mikael Pawlo explique comment 
une &laquo;&nbsp;loi citron&nbsp;&raquo; pour le logiciel pourrait menacer le 
d&eacute;veloppement de logiciel libre."
-
-# type: Content of: <ul><li>
-msgid "<a href=\"http://www.baen.com/library/palaver4.htm\";>British historian 
Thomas Macaulay</a> had ideas about copyright in 1841 which still hold true 
today."
-msgstr "<a href=\"http://www.baen.com/library/palaver4.htm\";>L'historien 
anglais Thomas Macaulay</a> avait des id&eacute;es sur le copyright en 1841 qui 
s'av&egrave;rent toujours vraies aujourd'hui."
-
-# type: Content of: <ul><li>
-msgid "<a href=\"http://www.openrevolt.org/\";>openrevolt.org</a> is a site 
devoted to providing information about the European Copyright Directive and 
similar legislation.  It concentrates on the two principal problems of the 
EUCD, which make it easier for copyright holders to censor webpages on ISPs and 
give legal protection to copy-protection measures."
-msgstr "<a href=\"http://www.openrevolt.org/\";>openrevolt.org</a> est un site 
destin&eacute; &agrave; fournir de l'information &agrave; propos de la 
Directive europ&eacute;enne sur le droit d'auteur et des lois similaires. Elle 
se concentre sur les deux principaux probl&egrave;mes de l'EUCD, qui rendent 
plus facile la censure des pages web chez les FAI pour les d&eacute;tenteurs de 
copyright et donnent une protection juridique aux mesures de protection contre 
la copie."
-
-# type: Content of: <ul><li>
-msgid "<a href=\"http://www.chillingeffects.org\";>Chilling Effects</a> is a 
collection point for cease and desist notices concerning online activity 
&mdash; we invite visitors to enter C&amp;Ds they have received or sent.  The 
website collects the C&amp;Ds in a searchable database and hyperlinks them to 
explanations of the legal issues."
-msgstr "<a href=\"http://www.chillingeffects.org\";>Chilling Effects</a> est un 
lieu de collection pour les ordonnances de cessation et d'abstention concernant 
l'activit&eacute; en ligne &mdash;&nbsp;nous invitons les visiteurs &agrave; y 
mettre les ordonnances de cessation et d'abstention qu'ils ont re&ccedil;ues ou 
envoy&eacute;es. Le site web rassemble les ordonnances de cessation et 
d'abstention dans une base de donn&eacute;es et les relie par des hyperliens 
aux explications sur les probl&egrave;mes juridiques qu'elles soul&egrave;vent."
-
-# type: Content of: <ul><li>
-#| msgid ""
-#| "<a href=\"http://www.byte.com/documents/s=2302/byt1011380870846/0121_oped.";
-#| "html\"> Coding is a Crime</a>, by Shannon Cochran, is a commentary on the "
-#| "indictment of Jon Johansen on felony charges for helping write DeCSS."
-msgid "<a 
href=\"http://web.archive.org/web/20020222080928/www.byte.com/documents/s=2302/byt1011380870846/\";>
 Coding is a Crime</a>, by Shannon Cochran, is a commentary on the indictment 
of Jon Johansen on felony charges for helping write DeCSS."
-msgstr "<a 
href=\"http://web.archive.org/web/20020222080928/www.byte.com/documents/s=2302/byt1011380870846/\";>Coder
 est une délit</a>, par Shannon Cochran, est un commentaire sur l'inculpation 
criminelle de Jon Johansen pour avoir aid&eacute; &agrave; &eacute;crire DeCSS."
-
-# type: Content of: <ul><li>
-msgid "<a href=\"http://james-boyle.com/papers.pdf\";>The Second Enclosure 
Movement and the Construction of the Public Domain.</a>, by James Boyle."
-msgstr "<a href=\"http://james-boyle.com/papers.pdf\";>The Second Enclosure 
Movement and the Construction of the Public Domain.</a>, par James Boyle."
-
-# type: Content of: <ul><li>
-msgid "<a 
href=\"http://www.gseis.ucla.edu/~howard/Papers/pw-public-spaces.html\";>Intellectual
 Property: The Attack on Public Space in Cyberspace</a>, by Howard Besser, 
describes how various industries are using their leverage with copyright to 
make fewer locations on the Internet less and less public."
-msgstr "<a 
href=\"http://www.gseis.ucla.edu/~howard/Papers/pw-public-spaces.html\";>Propriété
 intellectuelle&nbsp;: L'attaque de l'espace public dans le cyberspace</a>, par 
Howard Besser, d&eacute;crit comment diff&eacute;rentes industries utilisent 
leur influence par le biais du copyright pour rendre des portions plus 
&eacute;troites de l'Internet de moins en moins publiques."
-
-# type: Content of: <ul><li>
-msgid "<a 
href=\"http://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=267848#PaperDownload\";>&ldquo;Locating
 Copyright Within the First Amendment Skein,&rdquo;</a>, by Neil W. Netanel, 
argues that the United States court system has been wrong in its dated 
assumption that fair use eliminates the conflict between copyright law and the 
First Amendment."
-msgstr "<a 
href=\"http://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=267848#PaperDownload\";>&laquo;&nbsp;Rechercher
 le copyright dans le Premier amendement Skein&nbsp;&raquo;</a>, par Neil W. 
Netanel, dit que le syst&egrave;me l&eacute;gal des &Eacute;tats-Unis a fait 
une erreur dans son hypoth&egrave;se vieillote que &laquo;&nbsp;l'usage 
raisonnable&nbsp;&raquo; &eacute;limine le conflit entre la loi sur le droit 
d'auteur et le Premier amendement."
-
-# type: Content of: <ul><li>
-msgid "Richard Stallman co-signed <a 
href=\"http://www.perens.com/Articles/StandTogether.html\";>a joint statement 
responding to comments by Craig Mundie of Microsoft</a>."
-msgstr "Richard Stallman a co-sign&eacute; <a 
href=\"http://www.perens.com/Articles/StandTogether.html\";>une 
d&eacute;claration conjointe en r&eacute;ponse aux commentaires de Craig Mundie 
de Microsoft</a>."
-
-# type: Content of: <ul><li>
-msgid "In <cite><a href=\"/philosophy/dmarti-patent.html\">Patent Reform 
Now!</a></cite>, Don Marti calls for free software supporters to nominate 
Richard M. Stallman to US Patent and Trademark Office's Patent Public Advisory 
Committee."
-msgstr "Dans <cite><a href=\"/philosophy/dmarti-patent.fr.html\">Réformer les 
brevets logiciels maintenant&nbsp;!</a></cite>, Don Marti appelle les partisans 
du logiciel libre &agrave; nommer Richard M. Stallman au Patent Public Advisory 
Committee de l'Office am&eacute;ricain des brevets et des marques (USPTO)."
-
-# type: Content of: <ul><li>
-msgid "<a href=\"/philosophy/stophr3028.html\">Stop H.R. 3028</a>, &ldquo;The 
Trademark Cyberpiracy Prevention Act of 1999&rdquo;."
-msgstr "<a href=\"/philosophy/stophr3028.fr.html\">Stoppez H.R. 3028</a>, 
«&nbsp;La loi sur la prévention du cyberpiratage des marques déposées de 
1999&nbsp;»."
-
-# type: Content of: <ul><li>
-msgid "<a 
href=\"http://www.brunching.com/features/feature-copyfire.html\";>Copyrighting 
fire</a>"
-msgstr "<a 
href=\"http://www.brunching.com/features/feature-copyfire.html\";>Mettre le feu 
sous Copyright</a>"
-
-# type: Content of: <ul><li>
-msgid "<a 
href=\"http://simson.net/clips/98.Globe.05-07.Read_them_and_weep.htm\";>Read 
Them And Weep</a>, by Simson Garfinkel, talks about the pending bills that 
would give information owners sweeping new powers, and restrict the activities 
of users."
-msgstr "<a 
href=\"http://simson.net/clips/98.Globe.05-07.Read_them_and_weep.htm\";>Lisez-les
 et pleurez</a>, par Simson Garfinkel, discussions &agrave; propos de projets 
de loi qui donneraient aux propri&eacute;taires de l'information de nouveaux 
pouvoirs extraordinaires, et restreindraient les activit&eacute;s des 
utilisateurs."
-
-# type: Content of: <ul><li>
-msgid "<a href=\"/philosophy/nonsoftware-copyleft.html\">Applying Copyleft To 
Non-Software Information</a>, by Michael Stutz."
-msgstr "<a href=\"/philosophy/nonsoftware-copyleft.fr.html\">Appliquer le 
Copyleft &agrave; de l'information de type non logiciel</a>, par Michael Stutz."
-
-# type: Content of: <ul><li>
-msgid "<a href=\"free-world.html\">Only the Free World Can Stand Up to 
Microsoft</a>, by Tom Hull."
-msgstr "<a href=\"philosophy/free-world.fr.html\">Seul le monde libre peut 
r&eacute;sister &agrave; Microsoft</a>, par Tom Hull."
-
-# type: Content of: <ul><li>
-msgid "<a href=\"http://www.ram.org/ramblings/philosophy/fmp.html\";>The Free 
Music Philosophy</a>, by Ram Samudrala."
-msgstr "<a href=\"http://www.ram.org/ramblings/philosophy/fmp.html\";>La 
philosophie de la musique libre</a>, par Ram Samudrala."
-
-# type: Content of: <ul><li>
-msgid "Record companies argue for more copyright power by saying they are the 
support of the musicians.  <a 
href=\"http://www.negativland.com/albini.html\";>This article</a> shows how 
record companies really treat musicians."
-msgstr "L'industrie du disque demande plus de pouvoir de copyright arguant du 
fait qu'elle est le soutien des musiciens. <a 
href=\"http://www.negativland.com/albini.html\";>Cet article</a> montre comment 
les maisons de disque traitent les musiciens en r&eacute;alit&eacute;."
-
-# type: Content of: <ul><li>
-msgid "<a href=\"http://www.maui.net/~zen_gtr/zgzinepg4.html\";>The Manifesto: 
Piracy is Your Friend</a>, by Jaron Lanier.  <br /> <strong>Note</strong> that 
the GNU Project recommends <a 
href=\"/philosophy/words-to-avoid.html\">avoiding</a> the term <a 
href=\"/philosophy/words-to-avoid.html#Piracy\">piracy</a> since it implies 
that sharing copies is somehow illegitimate."
-msgstr "<a href=\"http://www.maui.net/~zen_gtr/zgzinepg4.html\";>Le 
manifeste&nbsp;: Le piratage est votre ami</a>, par Jaron Lanier.<br 
/><strong>Notez</strong> que le projet GNU recommande <a 
href=\"/philosophy/words-to-avoid.fr.html\">d'&eacute;viter</a> le terme <a 
href=\"/philosophy/words-to-avoid.fr.html#Piracy\">piratage</a> parce qu'il 
implique que partager des copies est en quelque sorte ill&eacute;gitime."
-
-# type: Content of: <ul><li>
-msgid "<a 
href=\"http://www.ram.org/ramblings/philosophy/fmp/copying_primer.html\";>A 
primer on the ethics of &ldquo;Intellectual property&rdquo;</a>, by Ram 
Samudrala."
-msgstr "<a 
href=\"http://www.ram.org/ramblings/philosophy/fmp/copying_primer.html\";>Une 
introduction &agrave; l'&eacute;thique de la 
&laquo;&nbsp;propri&eacute;t&eacute; intellectuelle&nbsp;&raquo;</a>, par Ram 
Samudrala."
-
-# type: Content of: <ul><li>
-msgid "<a href=\"/philosophy/self-interest.html\">Is Self-Interest Sufficient 
to Organize an Free Economy?</a> by Loyd Fueston."
-msgstr "<a href=\"/philosophy/self-interest.fr.html\">L'int&eacute;r&ecirc;t 
personnel est-il suffisant pour organiser une &eacute;conomie libre&nbsp;?</a> 
par Loyd Fueston."
-
-# type: Content of: <ul><li>
-msgid "<a href=\"/philosophy/kragen-software.html\">People, places, things and 
ideas</a> by Kragen Sitaker"
-msgstr "<a href=\"/philosophy/kragen-software.fr.html\">Gens, endroits, choses 
et id&eacute;es</a> par Kragen Sitaker"
-
-# type: Content of: <ul><li>
-msgid "<a href=\"http://libertariannation.org/a/f31l1.html\";>The Libertarian 
Case Against Intellectual Property Rights</a> by Roderick T. Long <br /> The 
Free Software Movement does not endorse Libertarianism, and <a 
href=\"/philosophy/rms-comment-longs-article.html\">we do not agree 
entirely</a> with that article.  But it is useful for refuting one specific 
argument that is made in favor of proprietary software."
-msgstr "<a href=\"http://libertariannation.org/a/f31l1.html\";>Le cas 
libertaire contre les droits de la propri&eacute;t&eacute; intellectuelle</a> 
par Roderick T. Long<br />Le mouvement du logiciel libre ne soutient pas les 
id&eacute;es libertaires, et <a 
href=\"/philosophy/rms-comment-longs-article.fr.html\">nous ne sommes pas 
compl&egrave;tement d'accord</a> avec cet article. Mais il est utile pour 
r&eacute;futer un argument sp&eacute;cifique qui est donn&eacute; en faveur du 
logiciel propri&eacute;taire."
-
-# type: Content of: <ul><li>
-msgid "<a href=\"http://gsyc.escet.urjc.es/sobre/\";>Articles in Spanish about 
free software issues</a>"
-msgstr "<a href=\"http://gsyc.escet.urjc.es/sobre/\";>Articles en espagnol 
&agrave; propos des probl&egrave;mes du logiciel libre</a>"
-
-# type: Content of: <ul><li>
-msgid "<a 
href=\"http://old.law.columbia.edu/my_pubs/anarchism.html\";>Anarchism 
Triumphant: Free Software and the Death of Copyright</a>"
-msgstr "<a 
href=\"http://old.law.columbia.edu/my_pubs/anarchism.html\";>L'anarchisme 
triomphant&nbsp;: Le logiciel libre et la mort du copyright</a>"
-
-# type: Content of: <ul><li>
-msgid "<a 
href=\"http://people.coe.ilstu.edu/rpriegle/wwwdocs/plagiari.htm\";>The Death 
and Rebirth of Plagiarism</a> by Rodney Riegle.  (We don't entirely agree with 
this article&mdash;we think there is no harm in asking people to make some 
extra effort to write &ldquo;footnotes&rdquo; to give credit.)"
-msgstr "<a href=\"http://www.coe.ilstu.edu/rpriegle/wwwdocs/plagiari.htm\";>La 
mort et la renaissance du plagiat</a> par Rodney Riegle. (Nous ne sommes pas 
compl&egrave;tement d'accord avec cet article &mdash;&nbsp;nous pensons qu'il 
n'y a pas de mal &agrave; demander aux gens de faire un effort 
suppl&eacute;mentaire pour &eacute;crire les &laquo;&nbsp;notes de bas de 
page&nbsp;&raquo; pour remercier)."
-
-# type: Content of: <ul><li>
-msgid "<a href=\"http://www.savetheweb.org\";>Save the Web</a> is a website 
devoted to protecting Internet users rights in Europe."
-msgstr "<a href=\"http://www.savetheweb.org\";>Sauvez le Web</a> est un site 
web d&eacute;di&eacute; &agrave; la protection des droits des utilisateurs 
d'Internet en Europe."
-
-# type: Content of: <ul><li>
-msgid "<a href=\"/philosophy/economics_frank/frank.html\">Does Studying 
Economics Inhibit Cooperation?</a> by Frank, Gilovich, and Regan."
-msgstr "<a href=\"/philosophy/economics_frank/frank.html\">Le fait 
d'&eacute;tudier l'&eacute;conomie inhibe-t-il la coop&eacute;ration ?</a> par 
Frank, Gilovich, et Regan."
-
-# type: Content of: <ul><li>
-msgid "<a href=\"http://danny.oz.au/freedom/ip/aidfs.html\";>Development, 
Ethical Trading, and Free Software</a> by Danny Yee."
-msgstr "<a 
href=\"http://danny.oz.au/freedom/ip/aidfs.html\";>D&eacute;veloppement, 
commerce &eacute;thique, et Logiciel Libre</a> par Danny Yee."
-
-# type: Content of: <ul><li>
-msgid "<a href=\"/philosophy/bdk.html\">THE BALLAD OF DENNIS KARJALA</a>: A 
political comment in the form of a broadside ballad by Timothy R. Phillips."
-msgstr "<a href=\"/philosophy/bdk.fr.html\">LA BALLADE DE DENNIS 
KARJALA</a>&nbsp;: Un commentaire politique sous la forme d'une ballade 
virulente par Timothy R. Phillips."
-
-# type: Content of: <ul><li>
-msgid "<a href=\"/philosophy/ICT-for-prosperity.html\">Shaping Collaborative 
ICT Development and Initiatives for Global Prosperity</a> by Robert J. Chassell"
-msgstr "<a href=\"/philosophy/ICT-for-prosperity.fr.html\">Modeler le 
d&eacute;veloppement collaboratif des TIC et des initiatives pour une 
prosp&eacute;rit&eacute; globale</a> par Robert J. Chassell"
-
-# type: Content of: <ul><li>
-msgid "<a 
href=\"http://www.ic.unicamp.br/~oliva/papers/free-software/selection-html/\";> 
Competitive Advantages of Free Software</a> by Alexandre Oliva."
-msgstr "<a 
href=\"http://www.ic.unicamp.br/~oliva/papers/free-software/selection-html/\";>L'avantage
 comp&eacute;titif des logiciels libres</a> par Alexandre Oliva."
-
-# type: Content of: <ul><li>
-msgid "<a href=\"http://www.advogato.org/article/89.html\"; 
id=\"PatentgrantundertheGPL\">Patent grant under the GPL</a>."
-msgstr "<a href=\"http://www.advogato.org/article/89.html\"; 
id=\"PatentgrantundertheGPL\">D&eacute;livrance de brevet sous la GPL</a>."
-
-# type: Content of: <ul><li>
-msgid "<a 
href=\"http://www.nytimes.com/library/tech/00/05/biztech/articles/10digital.html\";
 id=\"ConceptofCopyrightFightsMarkoff\">The Concept of Copyright Fights for 
Internet Survival</a> by John Markoff."
-msgstr "<a 
href=\"http://www.nytimes.com/library/tech/00/05/biztech/articles/10digital.html\";
 id=\"ConceptofCopyrightFightsMarkoff\">Le concept de combats contre le 
copyright pour la survie de l'Internet</a> par John Markoff."
-
-# type: Content of: <ul><li>
-msgid "<a id=\"TheRealPurposeOfCopyrightBerry\" 
href=\"http://www.libraryjournal.com/article/CA158872.html\";>The Real Purpose 
of Copyright</a> by John N. Berry III."
-msgstr "<a id=\"TheRealPurposeOfCopyrightBerry\" 
href=\"http://www.libraryjournal.com/article/CA158872.html\";>L'objectif 
r&eacute;el du copyright</a> par John N. Berry III."
-
-# type: Content of: <ul><li>
-msgid "<a id=\"Copyrightfire\" href=\"/philosophy/fire.html\">Copyrighting 
Fire! (Humor)</a> by Ian Clarke."
-msgstr "<a id=\"Copyrightfire\" href=\"/philosophy/fire.fr.html\">Mettre le 
feu sous Copyright! (Humour)</a> par Ian Clarke."
-
-# type: Content of: <ul><li>
-msgid "<a 
href=\"http://www.praxagora.com/andyo/professional/infirmation_technology.html\";
 id=\"INFOTECH\">The Future Brings &ldquo;Infirmation Technology&rdquo;</a> by 
Andy Oram."
-msgstr "<a 
href=\"http://www.praxagora.com/andyo/professional/infirmation_technology.html\";
 id=\"INFOTECH\">Le futur apporte la &laquo;&nbsp;Technologie de 
l'Infirmation&nbsp;&raquo;</a> par  Andy Oram (le titre est un jeu de mot sur 
&laquo;&nbsp;infirme&nbsp;&raquo; et &laquo;&nbsp;information&nbsp;&raquo;)."
-
-# type: Content of: <ul><li>
-msgid "<a href=\"http://www.freeprotocols.org/\";>The Free Protocols 
Foundation</a> is an independent public forum, dedicated to the support of 
patent-free protocols."
-msgstr "<a href=\"http://www.freeprotocols.org/\";>La Fondation des protocoles 
libres</a> est un forum public ind&eacute;pendant, d&eacute;di&eacute; au 
soutien aux protocoles libres de tout brevet."
-
-# type: Content of: <ul><li>
-msgid "<a 
href=\"/philosophy/software-libre-commercial-viability.html\">Software Libre 
and Commercial Viability</a> by Alessandro Rubini"
-msgstr "<a 
href=\"/philosophy/software-libre-commercial-viability.fr.html\">Logiciel libre 
et viabilité commerciale</a> par Alessandro Rubini"
-
-# type: Content of: <ul><li>
-msgid "<a href=\"http://www.uow.edu.au/arts/sts/bmartin/pubs/98il/\";> 
Information liberation</a> by Brian Martin. We urge people to avoid using the 
term <a href=\"/philosophy/words-to-avoid.html\">intellectual property</a> and 
to instead speak about copyrights, patents, and/or trademarks."
-msgstr "<a 
href=\"http://www.uow.edu.au/arts/sts/bmartin/pubs/98il/\";>Information 
liberation</a> par Brian Martin. Nous insistons pour qu'on &eacute;vite 
d'utiliser le terme <a 
href=\"/philosophy/words-to-avoid.fr.html\">propri&eacute;t&eacute; 
intellectuelle</a> et invitons &agrave; parler &agrave; la place de copyrights, 
brevets, et/ou de marques."
-
-# type: Content of: <ul><li>
-msgid "<a href=\"http://wearcam.org/seatsale/index.htm\";>Seat Sale</a>, a 
satire about copyright."
-msgstr "<a href=\"http://wearcam.org/seatsale/index.htm\";>Seat Sale</a>, une 
satire &agrave; propos du copyright."
-
-# type: Content of: <ul><li>
-msgid "A <a href=\"http://www.cs.cmu.edu/~dst/DeCSS/Gallery/\";>gallery</a> of 
examples demonstrating how outrageous and absurd the Digital Millenium 
Copyright Act is."
-msgstr "Une <a href=\"http://www.cs.cmu.edu/~dst/DeCSS/Gallery/\";>galerie</a> 
d'exemples d&eacute;montrant combien le Digital Millenium Copyright Act (Loi 
sur le droit d'auteur du millénaire numérique) est scandaleux et absurde."
-
-# type: Content of: <ul><li>
-msgid "<a href=\"http://www.geocities.com/frankentoons/\";>Frankentoons</a> by 
Joel Kahn."
-msgstr "<a href=\"http://www.geocities.com/frankentoons/\";>Frankentoons</a> 
par Joel Kahn."
-
-# type: Content of: <ul><li>
-msgid "A book review of <a 
href=\"http://slashdot.org/article.pl?sid=01/03/28/0121209&amp;mode=nocomment\";>
 <cite>Digital Copyright</cite></a>."
-msgstr "Une critique du livre <a 
href=\"http://slashdot.org/article.pl?sid=01/03/28/0121209&amp;mode=nocomment\";><cite>Digital
 Copyright</cite></a>."
-
-# type: Content of: <ul><li>
-msgid "<a href=\"http://www.itworld.com/AppDev/350/LWD010523vcontrol4/\";>Live 
and let license</a> by Joe Barr."
-msgstr "<a href=\"http://www.itworld.com/AppDev/350/LWD010523vcontrol4/\";>Live 
and let license</a> par Joe Barr."
-
-# type: Content of: <ul><li>
-msgid "<a href=\"http://www.piecepack.org\";>Piecepack</a> is a set of 
boardgame pieces which everyone is free to use in creating or playing various 
types of games."
-msgstr "<a href=\"http://www.piecepack.org\";>Piecepack</a> est un jeu de 
pi&egrave;ces de jeu de plateau que chacun est libre d'utiliser pour 
cr&eacute;er ou jouer &agrave; diff&eacute;rents types de jeux."
-
-# type: Content of: <ul><li>
-msgid "Eastern Gianozia has put together a <a 
href=\"http://www.gianoziaorientale.org/info/foreign_politics.html\";>tongue-in-cheek
 look at Software Patents and DRM</a>."
-msgstr "La Gianozia orientale a port&eacute; <a 
href=\"http://www.gianoziaorientale.org/info/foreign_politics.html\";>un regard 
ironique sur les brevets logiciels et &agrave; la gestion des droits 
num&eacute;riques(DRM)</a>."
-
-# type: Content of: <ul><li>
-msgid "<a 
href=\"http://revistes.upc.es/~topopardo/weblog/archives/000036.html\";>Here</a> 
is an interesting allegory (in Spanish) comparing Free Software to a dining 
experience."
-msgstr "<a 
href=\"http://revistes.upc.es/~topopardo/weblog/archives/000036.html\";>Une 
int&eacute;ressante all&eacute;gorie</a> (en espagnol) comparant le logiciel 
libre &agrave; un d&icirc;ner."
-
-# type: Content of: <ul><li>
-msgid "<a href=\"http://www.linuxjournal.com/article/7813\";>Free Software and 
Scouting</a>"
-msgstr "<a href=\"http://www.linuxjournal.com/article/7813\";>Logiciels libres 
et scoutisme</a>"
-
-# type: Content of: <ul><li>
-msgid "<a href=\"http://fare.tunes.org/articles/patents.html\";>Patents Are An 
Economic Absurdity</a>: This article adopts as a premise the popular view that 
free trade is desirable. We don't always agree - beyond a certain point, free 
trade gives businesses too much power, allowing them to intimidate democracy. 
But that is a different matter."
-msgstr "<a href=\"http://fare.tunes.org/articles/patents.html\";>Patents Are An 
Economic Absurdity (Les brevets sont une absurdit&eacute; 
&eacute;conomique)</a>&nbsp;: Cet article adopte comme pr&eacute;misse la 
conception populaire que le libre &eacute;change est souhaitable. Nous ne 
sommes pas toujours d'accord - au-del&agrave; d'un certain point, le libre 
&eacute;change donne aux entreprises beaucoup trop de pouvoir, leur permettant 
d'intimider la d&eacute;mocratie. Mais ceci est une autre histoire."
-
-# type: Content of: <ul><li>
-msgid "<a href=\"http://www.lewrockwell.com/orig/kinsella2.html\";>In Defense 
of Napster and Against the Second Homesteading Rule</a>"
-msgstr "<a href=\"http://www.lewrockwell.com/orig/kinsella2.html\";>Pour la 
d&eacute;fense de Napster et contre la Second Homesteading Rule (la 
deuxi&egrave;me Loi sur la concession statutaire).</a>"
-
-# type: Content of: <ul><li>
-msgid "<a href=\"http://www.mises.org/journals/jls/15_2/15_2_1.pdf\";>Against 
Intellectual Property</a>, Spring 2001, Journal of Libertarian Studies (PDF)"
-msgstr "<a href=\"http://www.mises.org/journals/jls/15_2/15_2_1.pdf\";>Against 
Intellectual Property (Contre la propri&eacute;t&eacute; intellectuelle)</a>, 
printemps 2001, Journal of Libertarian Studies (PDF"
-
-# type: Content of: <ul><li>
-msgid "<a 
href=\"http://www.sci.brooklyn.cuny.edu/~sdexter/copyleft_ethics.html\";>A 
Comparative Ethical Assessment of Free Software Licensing Schemes</a> by Samir 
Chopra and Scott Dexter"
-msgstr "<a 
href=\"http://www.sci.brooklyn.cuny.edu/~sdexter/copyleft_ethics.html\";>A 
Comparative Ethical Assessment of Free Software Licensing Schemes</a> (Une 
&eacute;valuation &eacute;thique comparative des combinaisons de licences de 
logiciels libres) par S.Chopra et S. Dexter."
-
-# type: Content of: <ul><li>
-msgid "The <a href=\"http://www.simplemachines.it/simone.html\";>SIM.ONE 
hardware project</a> has created free (as in freedom)  computer design 
specifications."
-msgstr "Le <a href=\"http://www.simplemachines.it/simone.html\";>projet de 
mat&eacute;riel SIM.ONE</a> a cr&eacute;&eacute; des sp&eacute;cifications de 
conception d'ordinateur libres (libre comme dans libert&eacute;)."
-
-# type: Content of: <ul><li>
-msgid "Not available online, but as early as 1960 Bernard Galler wrote a 
letter to the editor of the Communications of the ACM (vol.3, no.4, 
pp.A12-A13), saying in part (mentioning price, but clearly implying freedom):"
-msgstr "Non disponible en ligne, mais en 1960, Bernard Galler a &eacute;crit 
une lettre &agrave; l'&eacute;diteur de Communications de l'ACM (vol.3, no.4, 
pp.A12-A13), disant en partie (en mentionnant le prix, mais impliquant 
clairement la libert&eacute;)&nbsp;:"
+msgid ""
+"Despite those flaws, it is significant. If one can judge copyright to be "
+"harmful even on narrow economic terms, disregarding the ethical wrong of "
+"stopping people from sharing, it can only be more harmful once we consider "
+"the ethics as well."
+msgstr ""
+"Malgr&eacute; ces d&eacute;fauts, il est important. Si on peut juger que le "
+"droit d'auteur est dangereux m&ecirc;me en termes &eacute;conomiques &eacute;"
+"troits, en ne consid&eacute;rant pas le tort &eacute;thique d'emp&ecirc;cher "
+"les gens de partager, il ne peut &ecirc;tre que plus dangereux encore si "
+"l'on consid&egrave;re aussi l'&eacute;thique."
+
+# type: Content of: <ul><li>
+msgid ""
+"Two articles by Duncan Campbell describe how NSA backdoors were hidden in "
+"proprietary software programs: <a href=\"http://www.heise.de/tp/english/";
+"inhalt/te/2898/1.html\">&ldquo;Only NSA can listen, so that's OK&rdquo;</a> "
+"and <a href=\"http://www.heise.de/tp/english/inhalt/te/5263/1.html\";>&ldquo;"
+"How NSA access was built into Windows&rdquo;</a>.  Both are clear "
+"demonstrations of how users of proprietary software can often be unaware of "
+"what they are actually running."
+msgstr ""
+"Deux articles de Duncan Campbell d&eacute;crivent comment des portes "
+"d&eacute;rob&eacute;es de la NSA ont &eacute;t&eacute; cach&eacute;es dans "
+"des logiciels propri&eacute;taires&nbsp;: <a href=\"http://www.heise.de/tp/";
+"english/inhalt/te/2898/1.html\">&laquo;&nbsp;Seule la NSA peut &eacute;"
+"couter, alors c'est OK&nbsp;&raquo;</a> et <a href=\"http://www.heise.de/tp/";
+"english/inhalt/te/5263/1.html\">&laquo;&nbsp;Comment l'acc&egrave;s pour la "
+"NSA a &eacute;t&eacute; construit dans Windows&nbsp;&raquo;</a>. Les deux "
+"articles sont des d&eacute;monstrations claires de ce que les utilisateurs "
+"de logiciel propri&eacute;taire peuvent souvent ne pas &ecirc;tre conscients "
+"de ce qui s'ex&eacute;cute en fait sur leur machine."
+
+# type: Content of: <ul><li>
+msgid ""
+"<a href=\"http://www.culturaleconomics.atfreeweb.com/cpu.htm\";>&ldquo;"
+"Copyright C.P.U.&rdquo;</a> by Harry Hillman Chartrand is a good summary of "
+"the history of copyright."
+msgstr ""
+"<a href=\"http://www.culturaleconomics.atfreeweb.com/cpu.htm\";>&laquo;&nbsp;"
+"Copyright C.P.U.&nbsp;&raquo;</a> par Harry Hillman Chartrand, est un bon "
+"r&eacute;sum&eacute; de l'histoire du droit d'auteur."
+
+# type: Content of: <ul><li>
+msgid ""
+"Malla Pollack's <a href=\"http://eon.law.harvard.edu/openlaw/eldredvashcroft/";
+"progress.html\">&ldquo;What is Congress Supposed to Promote?&rdquo;</a> "
+"explains how the United States' government's recent tendencies to provide "
+"maximum control to copyright holders defies the justification for "
+"establishment of copyright set out in the constitution."
+msgstr ""
+"Malla Pollack <a href=\"http://eon.law.harvard.edu/openlaw/eldredvashcroft/";
+"progress.html\">&laquo;&nbsp;Qu'est-ce que le Congr&egrave;s est "
+"suppos&eacute; promouvoir&nbsp;?&nbsp;&raquo;</a> explique comment les "
+"derni&egrave;res tendances du gouvernement des &Eacute;tats-Unis &agrave; "
+"donner le contr&ocirc;le maximal aux d&eacute;tenteurs de droits d'auteur "
+"d&eacute;fient la justification pour l'&eacute;tablissement du droit "
+"d'auteur d&eacute;finie dans la Constitution."
+
+# type: Content of: <ul><li>
+msgid ""
+"Mikael Pawlo's <a href=\"http://newsforge.com/newsforge/02/05/08/153204.";
+"shtml?tid=19\">&ldquo;Software lemon law with bitter taste&rdquo;</a> "
+"explains how a &ldquo;lemon law&rdquo; for software could threaten free "
+"software development."
+msgstr ""
+"<a href=\"http://newsforge.com/newsforge/02/05/08/153204.shtml?tid=19";
+"\">&laquo;&nbsp;Software lemon law with bitter taste&nbsp;&raquo;</a> de "
+"Mikael Pawlo explique comment une &laquo;&nbsp;loi citron&nbsp;&raquo; pour "
+"le logiciel pourrait menacer le d&eacute;veloppement de logiciel libre."
+
+# type: Content of: <ul><li>
+msgid ""
+"<a href=\"http://www.baen.com/library/palaver4.htm\";>British historian "
+"Thomas Macaulay</a> had ideas about copyright in 1841 which still hold true "
+"today."
+msgstr ""
+"<a href=\"http://www.baen.com/library/palaver4.htm\";>L'historien anglais "
+"Thomas Macaulay</a> avait des id&eacute;es sur le copyright en 1841 qui "
+"s'av&egrave;rent toujours vraies aujourd'hui."
+
+# type: Content of: <ul><li>
+msgid ""
+"<a href=\"http://www.openrevolt.org/\";>openrevolt.org</a> is a site devoted "
+"to providing information about the European Copyright Directive and similar "
+"legislation.  It concentrates on the two principal problems of the EUCD, "
+"which make it easier for copyright holders to censor webpages on ISPs and "
+"give legal protection to copy-protection measures."
+msgstr ""
+"<a href=\"http://www.openrevolt.org/\";>openrevolt.org</a> est un site "
+"destin&eacute; &agrave; fournir de l'information &agrave; propos de la "
+"Directive europ&eacute;enne sur le droit d'auteur et des lois similaires. "
+"Elle se concentre sur les deux principaux probl&egrave;mes de l'EUCD, qui "
+"rendent plus facile la censure des pages web chez les FAI pour les d&eacute;"
+"tenteurs de copyright et donnent une protection juridique aux mesures de "
+"protection contre la copie."
+
+# type: Content of: <ul><li>
+msgid ""
+"<a href=\"http://www.chillingeffects.org\";>Chilling Effects</a> is a "
+"collection point for cease and desist notices concerning online activity "
+"&mdash; we invite visitors to enter C&amp;Ds they have received or sent.  "
+"The website collects the C&amp;Ds in a searchable database and hyperlinks "
+"them to explanations of the legal issues."
+msgstr ""
+"<a href=\"http://www.chillingeffects.org\";>Chilling Effects</a> est un lieu "
+"de collection pour les ordonnances de cessation et d'abstention concernant "
+"l'activit&eacute; en ligne &mdash;&nbsp;nous invitons les visiteurs &agrave; "
+"y mettre les ordonnances de cessation et d'abstention qu'ils ont re&ccedil;"
+"ues ou envoy&eacute;es. Le site web rassemble les ordonnances de cessation "
+"et d'abstention dans une base de donn&eacute;es et les relie par des "
+"hyperliens aux explications sur les probl&egrave;mes juridiques qu'elles "
+"soul&egrave;vent."
+
+# type: Content of: <ul><li>
+msgid ""
+"<a href=\"http://web.archive.org/web/20020222080928/www.byte.com/documents/";
+"s=2302/byt1011380870846/\"> Coding is a Crime</a>, by Shannon Cochran, is a "
+"commentary on the indictment of Jon Johansen on felony charges for helping "
+"write DeCSS."
+msgstr ""
+"<a href=\"http://web.archive.org/web/20020222080928/www.byte.com/documents/";
+"s=2302/byt1011380870846/\">Coder est une délit</a>, par Shannon Cochran, est 
"
+"un commentaire sur l'inculpation criminelle de Jon Johansen pour avoir "
+"aid&eacute; &agrave; &eacute;crire DeCSS."
+
+# type: Content of: <ul><li>
+msgid ""
+"<a href=\"http://james-boyle.com/papers.pdf\";>The Second Enclosure Movement "
+"and the Construction of the Public Domain.</a>, by James Boyle."
+msgstr ""
+"<a href=\"http://james-boyle.com/papers.pdf\";>The Second Enclosure Movement "
+"and the Construction of the Public Domain.</a>, par James Boyle."
+
+# type: Content of: <ul><li>
+msgid ""
+"<a href=\"http://www.gseis.ucla.edu/~howard/Papers/pw-public-spaces.html";
+"\">Intellectual Property: The Attack on Public Space in Cyberspace</a>, by "
+"Howard Besser, describes how various industries are using their leverage "
+"with copyright to make fewer locations on the Internet less and less public."
+msgstr ""
+"<a href=\"http://www.gseis.ucla.edu/~howard/Papers/pw-public-spaces.html";
+"\">Propriété intellectuelle&nbsp;: L'attaque de l'espace public dans le "
+"cyberspace</a>, par Howard Besser, d&eacute;crit comment diff&eacute;rentes "
+"industries utilisent leur influence par le biais du copyright pour rendre "
+"des portions plus &eacute;troites de l'Internet de moins en moins publiques."
+
+# type: Content of: <ul><li>
+msgid ""
+"<a href=\"http://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?";
+"abstract_id=267848#PaperDownload\">&ldquo;Locating Copyright Within the "
+"First Amendment Skein,&rdquo;</a>, by Neil W. Netanel, argues that the "
+"United States court system has been wrong in its dated assumption that fair "
+"use eliminates the conflict between copyright law and the First Amendment."
+msgstr ""
+"<a href=\"http://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?";
+"abstract_id=267848#PaperDownload\">&laquo;&nbsp;Rechercher le copyright dans "
+"le Premier amendement Skein&nbsp;&raquo;</a>, par Neil W. Netanel, dit que "
+"le syst&egrave;me l&eacute;gal des &Eacute;tats-Unis a fait une erreur dans "
+"son hypoth&egrave;se vieillote que &laquo;&nbsp;l'usage raisonnable&nbsp;"
+"&raquo; &eacute;limine le conflit entre la loi sur le droit d'auteur et le "
+"Premier amendement."
+
+# type: Content of: <ul><li>
+msgid ""
+"Richard Stallman co-signed <a href=\"http://www.perens.com/Articles/";
+"StandTogether.html\">a joint statement responding to comments by Craig "
+"Mundie of Microsoft</a>."
+msgstr ""
+"Richard Stallman a co-sign&eacute; <a href=\"http://www.perens.com/Articles/";
+"StandTogether.html\">une d&eacute;claration conjointe en r&eacute;ponse aux "
+"commentaires de Craig Mundie de Microsoft</a>."
+
+# type: Content of: <ul><li>
+msgid ""
+"In <cite><a href=\"/philosophy/dmarti-patent.html\">Patent Reform Now!</a></"
+"cite>, Don Marti calls for free software supporters to nominate Richard M. "
+"Stallman to US Patent and Trademark Office's Patent Public Advisory "
+"Committee."
+msgstr ""
+"Dans <cite><a href=\"/philosophy/dmarti-patent.fr.html\">Réformer les "
+"brevets logiciels maintenant&nbsp;!</a></cite>, Don Marti appelle les "
+"partisans du logiciel libre &agrave; nommer Richard M. Stallman au Patent "
+"Public Advisory Committee de l'Office am&eacute;ricain des brevets et des "
+"marques (USPTO)."
+
+# type: Content of: <ul><li>
+msgid ""
+"<a href=\"/philosophy/stophr3028.html\">Stop H.R. 3028</a>, &ldquo;The "
+"Trademark Cyberpiracy Prevention Act of 1999&rdquo;."
+msgstr ""
+"<a href=\"/philosophy/stophr3028.fr.html\">Stoppez H.R. 3028</a>, «&nbsp;La "
+"loi sur la prévention du cyberpiratage des marques déposées de 
1999&nbsp;»."
+
+# type: Content of: <ul><li>
+msgid ""
+"<a href=\"http://www.brunching.com/features/feature-copyfire.html";
+"\">Copyrighting fire</a>"
+msgstr ""
+"<a href=\"http://www.brunching.com/features/feature-copyfire.html\";>Mettre "
+"le feu sous Copyright</a>"
+
+# type: Content of: <ul><li>
+msgid ""
+"<a href=\"http://simson.net/clips/98.Globe.05-07.Read_them_and_weep.htm";
+"\">Read Them And Weep</a>, by Simson Garfinkel, talks about the pending "
+"bills that would give information owners sweeping new powers, and restrict "
+"the activities of users."
+msgstr ""
+"<a href=\"http://simson.net/clips/98.Globe.05-07.Read_them_and_weep.htm";
+"\">Lisez-les et pleurez</a>, par Simson Garfinkel, discussions &agrave; "
+"propos de projets de loi qui donneraient aux propri&eacute;taires de "
+"l'information de nouveaux pouvoirs extraordinaires, et restreindraient les "
+"activit&eacute;s des utilisateurs."
+
+# type: Content of: <ul><li>
+msgid ""
+"<a href=\"/philosophy/nonsoftware-copyleft.html\">Applying Copyleft To Non-"
+"Software Information</a>, by Michael Stutz."
+msgstr ""
+"<a href=\"/philosophy/nonsoftware-copyleft.fr.html\">Appliquer le Copyleft "
+"&agrave; de l'information de type non logiciel</a>, par Michael Stutz."
+
+# type: Content of: <ul><li>
+msgid ""
+"<a href=\"free-world.html\">Only the Free World Can Stand Up to Microsoft</"
+"a>, by Tom Hull."
+msgstr ""
+"<a href=\"philosophy/free-world.fr.html\">Seul le monde libre peut r&eacute;"
+"sister &agrave; Microsoft</a>, par Tom Hull."
+
+# type: Content of: <ul><li>
+msgid ""
+"<a href=\"http://www.ram.org/ramblings/philosophy/fmp.html\";>The Free Music "
+"Philosophy</a>, by Ram Samudrala."
+msgstr ""
+"<a href=\"http://www.ram.org/ramblings/philosophy/fmp.html\";>La philosophie "
+"de la musique libre</a>, par Ram Samudrala."
+
+# type: Content of: <ul><li>
+msgid ""
+"Record companies argue for more copyright power by saying they are the "
+"support of the musicians.  <a href=\"http://www.negativland.com/albini.html";
+"\">This article</a> shows how record companies really treat musicians."
+msgstr ""
+"L'industrie du disque demande plus de pouvoir de copyright arguant du fait "
+"qu'elle est le soutien des musiciens. <a href=\"http://www.negativland.com/";
+"albini.html\">Cet article</a> montre comment les maisons de disque traitent "
+"les musiciens en r&eacute;alit&eacute;."
+
+# type: Content of: <ul><li>
+msgid ""
+"<a href=\"http://www.maui.net/~zen_gtr/zgzinepg4.html\";>The Manifesto: "
+"Piracy is Your Friend</a>, by Jaron Lanier.  <br /> <strong>Note</strong> "
+"that the GNU Project recommends <a href=\"/philosophy/words-to-avoid.html"
+"\">avoiding</a> the term <a href=\"/philosophy/words-to-avoid.html#Piracy"
+"\">piracy</a> since it implies that sharing copies is somehow illegitimate."
+msgstr ""
+"<a href=\"http://www.maui.net/~zen_gtr/zgzinepg4.html\";>Le manifeste&nbsp;: "
+"Le piratage est votre ami</a>, par Jaron Lanier.<br /><strong>Notez</strong> "
+"que le projet GNU recommande <a href=\"/philosophy/words-to-avoid.fr.html"
+"\">d'&eacute;viter</a> le terme <a href=\"/philosophy/words-to-avoid.fr."
+"html#Piracy\">piratage</a> parce qu'il implique que partager des copies est "
+"en quelque sorte ill&eacute;gitime."
+
+# type: Content of: <ul><li>
+msgid ""
+"<a href=\"http://www.ram.org/ramblings/philosophy/fmp/copying_primer.html";
+"\">A primer on the ethics of &ldquo;Intellectual property&rdquo;</a>, by Ram "
+"Samudrala."
+msgstr ""
+"<a href=\"http://www.ram.org/ramblings/philosophy/fmp/copying_primer.html";
+"\">Une introduction &agrave; l'&eacute;thique de la &laquo;&nbsp;"
+"propri&eacute;t&eacute; intellectuelle&nbsp;&raquo;</a>, par Ram Samudrala."
+
+# type: Content of: <ul><li>
+msgid ""
+"<a href=\"/philosophy/self-interest.html\">Is Self-Interest Sufficient to "
+"Organize an Free Economy?</a> by Loyd Fueston."
+msgstr ""
+"<a href=\"/philosophy/self-interest.fr.html\">L'int&eacute;r&ecirc;t "
+"personnel est-il suffisant pour organiser une &eacute;conomie libre&nbsp;?</"
+"a> par Loyd Fueston."
+
+# type: Content of: <ul><li>
+msgid ""
+"<a href=\"/philosophy/kragen-software.html\">People, places, things and "
+"ideas</a> by Kragen Sitaker"
+msgstr ""
+"<a href=\"/philosophy/kragen-software.fr.html\">Gens, endroits, choses et "
+"id&eacute;es</a> par Kragen Sitaker"
+
+# type: Content of: <ul><li>
+msgid ""
+"<a href=\"http://libertariannation.org/a/f31l1.html\";>The Libertarian Case "
+"Against Intellectual Property Rights</a> by Roderick T. Long <br /> The Free "
+"Software Movement does not endorse Libertarianism, and <a href=\"/philosophy/"
+"rms-comment-longs-article.html\">we do not agree entirely</a> with that "
+"article.  But it is useful for refuting one specific argument that is made "
+"in favor of proprietary software."
+msgstr ""
+"<a href=\"http://libertariannation.org/a/f31l1.html\";>Le cas libertaire "
+"contre les droits de la propri&eacute;t&eacute; intellectuelle</a> par "
+"Roderick T. Long<br />Le mouvement du logiciel libre ne soutient pas les "
+"id&eacute;es libertaires, et <a href=\"/philosophy/rms-comment-longs-article."
+"fr.html\">nous ne sommes pas compl&egrave;tement d'accord</a> avec cet "
+"article. Mais il est utile pour r&eacute;futer un argument sp&eacute;cifique "
+"qui est donn&eacute; en faveur du logiciel propri&eacute;taire."
+
+# type: Content of: <ul><li>
+msgid ""
+"<a href=\"http://gsyc.escet.urjc.es/sobre/\";>Articles in Spanish about free "
+"software issues</a>"
+msgstr ""
+"<a href=\"http://gsyc.escet.urjc.es/sobre/\";>Articles en espagnol &agrave; "
+"propos des probl&egrave;mes du logiciel libre</a>"
+
+# type: Content of: <ul><li>
+msgid ""
+"<a href=\"http://old.law.columbia.edu/my_pubs/anarchism.html\";>Anarchism "
+"Triumphant: Free Software and the Death of Copyright</a>"
+msgstr ""
+"<a href=\"http://old.law.columbia.edu/my_pubs/anarchism.html\";>L'anarchisme "
+"triomphant&nbsp;: Le logiciel libre et la mort du copyright</a>"
+
+# type: Content of: <ul><li>
+msgid ""
+"<a href=\"http://people.coe.ilstu.edu/rpriegle/wwwdocs/plagiari.htm\";>The "
+"Death and Rebirth of Plagiarism</a> by Rodney Riegle.  (We don't entirely "
+"agree with this article&mdash;we think there is no harm in asking people to "
+"make some extra effort to write &ldquo;footnotes&rdquo; to give credit.)"
+msgstr ""
+"<a href=\"http://www.coe.ilstu.edu/rpriegle/wwwdocs/plagiari.htm\";>La mort "
+"et la renaissance du plagiat</a> par Rodney Riegle. (Nous ne sommes pas "
+"compl&egrave;tement d'accord avec cet article &mdash;&nbsp;nous pensons "
+"qu'il n'y a pas de mal &agrave; demander aux gens de faire un effort "
+"suppl&eacute;mentaire pour &eacute;crire les &laquo;&nbsp;notes de bas de "
+"page&nbsp;&raquo; pour remercier)."
+
+# type: Content of: <ul><li>
+msgid ""
+"<a href=\"http://www.savetheweb.org\";>Save the Web</a> is a website devoted "
+"to protecting Internet users rights in Europe."
+msgstr ""
+"<a href=\"http://www.savetheweb.org\";>Sauvez le Web</a> est un site web "
+"d&eacute;di&eacute; &agrave; la protection des droits des utilisateurs "
+"d'Internet en Europe."
+
+# type: Content of: <ul><li>
+msgid ""
+"<a href=\"/philosophy/economics_frank/frank.html\">Does Studying Economics "
+"Inhibit Cooperation?</a> by Frank, Gilovich, and Regan."
+msgstr ""
+"<a href=\"/philosophy/economics_frank/frank.html\">Le fait d'&eacute;tudier "
+"l'&eacute;conomie inhibe-t-il la coop&eacute;ration ?</a> par Frank, "
+"Gilovich, et Regan."
+
+# type: Content of: <ul><li>
+msgid ""
+"<a href=\"http://danny.oz.au/freedom/ip/aidfs.html\";>Development, Ethical "
+"Trading, and Free Software</a> by Danny Yee."
+msgstr ""
+"<a href=\"http://danny.oz.au/freedom/ip/aidfs.html\";>D&eacute;veloppement, "
+"commerce &eacute;thique, et Logiciel Libre</a> par Danny Yee."
+
+# type: Content of: <ul><li>
+msgid ""
+"<a href=\"/philosophy/bdk.html\">THE BALLAD OF DENNIS KARJALA</a>: A "
+"political comment in the form of a broadside ballad by Timothy R. Phillips."
+msgstr ""
+"<a href=\"/philosophy/bdk.fr.html\">LA BALLADE DE DENNIS KARJALA</a>&nbsp;: "
+"Un commentaire politique sous la forme d'une ballade virulente par Timothy "
+"R. Phillips."
+
+# type: Content of: <ul><li>
+msgid ""
+"<a href=\"/philosophy/ICT-for-prosperity.html\">Shaping Collaborative ICT "
+"Development and Initiatives for Global Prosperity</a> by Robert J. Chassell"
+msgstr ""
+"<a href=\"/philosophy/ICT-for-prosperity.fr.html\">Modeler le d&eacute;"
+"veloppement collaboratif des TIC et des initiatives pour une prosp&eacute;"
+"rit&eacute; globale</a> par Robert J. Chassell"
+
+# type: Content of: <ul><li>
+msgid ""
+"<a href=\"http://www.ic.unicamp.br/~oliva/papers/free-software/selection-";
+"html/\"> Competitive Advantages of Free Software</a> by Alexandre Oliva."
+msgstr ""
+"<a href=\"http://www.ic.unicamp.br/~oliva/papers/free-software/selection-";
+"html/\">L'avantage comp&eacute;titif des logiciels libres</a> par Alexandre "
+"Oliva."
+
+# type: Content of: <ul><li>
+msgid ""
+"<a href=\"http://www.advogato.org/article/89.html\"; id="
+"\"PatentgrantundertheGPL\">Patent grant under the GPL</a>."
+msgstr ""
+"<a href=\"http://www.advogato.org/article/89.html\"; id="
+"\"PatentgrantundertheGPL\">D&eacute;livrance de brevet sous la GPL</a>."
+
+# type: Content of: <ul><li>
+msgid ""
+"<a href=\"http://www.nytimes.com/library/tech/00/05/biztech/";
+"articles/10digital.html\" id=\"ConceptofCopyrightFightsMarkoff\">The Concept "
+"of Copyright Fights for Internet Survival</a> by John Markoff."
+msgstr ""
+"<a href=\"http://www.nytimes.com/library/tech/00/05/biztech/";
+"articles/10digital.html\" id=\"ConceptofCopyrightFightsMarkoff\">Le concept "
+"de combats contre le copyright pour la survie de l'Internet</a> par John "
+"Markoff."
+
+# type: Content of: <ul><li>
+msgid ""
+"<a id=\"TheRealPurposeOfCopyrightBerry\" href=\"http://www.libraryjournal.";
+"com/article/CA158872.html\">The Real Purpose of Copyright</a> by John N. "
+"Berry III."
+msgstr ""
+"<a id=\"TheRealPurposeOfCopyrightBerry\" href=\"http://www.libraryjournal.";
+"com/article/CA158872.html\">L'objectif r&eacute;el du copyright</a> par John "
+"N. Berry III."
+
+# type: Content of: <ul><li>
+msgid ""
+"<a id=\"Copyrightfire\" href=\"/philosophy/fire.html\">Copyrighting Fire! "
+"(Humor)</a> by Ian Clarke."
+msgstr ""
+"<a id=\"Copyrightfire\" href=\"/philosophy/fire.fr.html\">Mettre le feu sous "
+"Copyright! (Humour)</a> par Ian Clarke."
+
+# type: Content of: <ul><li>
+msgid ""
+"<a href=\"http://www.praxagora.com/andyo/professional/infirmation_technology.";
+"html\" id=\"INFOTECH\">The Future Brings &ldquo;Infirmation Technology&rdquo;"
+"</a> by Andy Oram."
+msgstr ""
+"<a href=\"http://www.praxagora.com/andyo/professional/infirmation_technology.";
+"html\" id=\"INFOTECH\">Le futur apporte la &laquo;&nbsp;Technologie de "
+"l'Infirmation&nbsp;&raquo;</a> par  Andy Oram (le titre est un jeu de mot "
+"sur &laquo;&nbsp;infirme&nbsp;&raquo; et &laquo;&nbsp;information&nbsp;"
+"&raquo;)."
+
+# type: Content of: <ul><li>
+msgid ""
+"<a href=\"http://www.freeprotocols.org/\";>The Free Protocols Foundation</a> "
+"is an independent public forum, dedicated to the support of patent-free "
+"protocols."
+msgstr ""
+"<a href=\"http://www.freeprotocols.org/\";>La Fondation des protocoles "
+"libres</a> est un forum public ind&eacute;pendant, d&eacute;di&eacute; au "
+"soutien aux protocoles libres de tout brevet."
+
+# type: Content of: <ul><li>
+msgid ""
+"<a href=\"/philosophy/software-libre-commercial-viability.html\">Software "
+"Libre and Commercial Viability</a> by Alessandro Rubini"
+msgstr ""
+"<a href=\"/philosophy/software-libre-commercial-viability.fr.html\">Logiciel "
+"libre et viabilité commerciale</a> par Alessandro Rubini"
+
+# type: Content of: <ul><li>
+msgid ""
+"<a href=\"http://www.uow.edu.au/arts/sts/bmartin/pubs/98il/\";> Information "
+"liberation</a> by Brian Martin. We urge people to avoid using the term <a "
+"href=\"/philosophy/words-to-avoid.html\">intellectual property</a> and to "
+"instead speak about copyrights, patents, and/or trademarks."
+msgstr ""
+"<a href=\"http://www.uow.edu.au/arts/sts/bmartin/pubs/98il/\";>Information "
+"liberation</a> par Brian Martin. Nous insistons pour qu'on &eacute;vite "
+"d'utiliser le terme <a href=\"/philosophy/words-to-avoid.fr.html"
+"\">propri&eacute;t&eacute; intellectuelle</a> et invitons &agrave; parler "
+"&agrave; la place de copyrights, brevets, et/ou de marques."
+
+# type: Content of: <ul><li>
+msgid ""
+"<a href=\"http://wearcam.org/seatsale/index.htm\";>Seat Sale</a>, a satire "
+"about copyright."
+msgstr ""
+"<a href=\"http://wearcam.org/seatsale/index.htm\";>Seat Sale</a>, une satire "
+"&agrave; propos du copyright."
+
+# type: Content of: <ul><li>
+msgid ""
+"A <a href=\"http://www.cs.cmu.edu/~dst/DeCSS/Gallery/\";>gallery</a> of "
+"examples demonstrating how outrageous and absurd the Digital Millenium "
+"Copyright Act is."
+msgstr ""
+"Une <a href=\"http://www.cs.cmu.edu/~dst/DeCSS/Gallery/\";>galerie</a> "
+"d'exemples d&eacute;montrant combien le Digital Millenium Copyright Act (Loi "
+"sur le droit d'auteur du millénaire numérique) est scandaleux et absurde."
+
+# type: Content of: <ul><li>
+msgid ""
+"<a href=\"http://www.geocities.com/frankentoons/\";>Frankentoons</a> by Joel "
+"Kahn."
+msgstr ""
+"<a href=\"http://www.geocities.com/frankentoons/\";>Frankentoons</a> par Joel "
+"Kahn."
+
+# type: Content of: <ul><li>
+msgid ""
+"A book review of <a href=\"http://slashdot.org/article.pl?";
+"sid=01/03/28/0121209&amp;mode=nocomment\"> <cite>Digital Copyright</cite></"
+"a>."
+msgstr ""
+"Une critique du livre <a href=\"http://slashdot.org/article.pl?";
+"sid=01/03/28/0121209&amp;mode=nocomment\"><cite>Digital Copyright</cite></a>."
+
+# type: Content of: <ul><li>
+msgid ""
+"<a href=\"http://www.itworld.com/AppDev/350/LWD010523vcontrol4/\";>Live and "
+"let license</a> by Joe Barr."
+msgstr ""
+"<a href=\"http://www.itworld.com/AppDev/350/LWD010523vcontrol4/\";>Live and "
+"let license</a> par Joe Barr."
+
+# type: Content of: <ul><li>
+msgid ""
+"<a href=\"http://www.piecepack.org\";>Piecepack</a> is a set of boardgame "
+"pieces which everyone is free to use in creating or playing various types of "
+"games."
+msgstr ""
+"<a href=\"http://www.piecepack.org\";>Piecepack</a> est un jeu de pi&egrave;"
+"ces de jeu de plateau que chacun est libre d'utiliser pour cr&eacute;er ou "
+"jouer &agrave; diff&eacute;rents types de jeux."
+
+# type: Content of: <ul><li>
+msgid ""
+"Eastern Gianozia has put together a <a href=\"http://www.gianoziaorientale.";
+"org/info/foreign_politics.html\">tongue-in-cheek look at Software Patents "
+"and DRM</a>."
+msgstr ""
+"La Gianozia orientale a port&eacute; <a href=\"http://www.gianoziaorientale.";
+"org/info/foreign_politics.html\">un regard ironique sur les brevets "
+"logiciels et &agrave; la gestion des droits num&eacute;riques(DRM)</a>."
+
+# type: Content of: <ul><li>
+msgid ""
+"<a href=\"http://revistes.upc.es/~topopardo/weblog/archives/000036.html";
+"\">Here</a> is an interesting allegory (in Spanish) comparing Free Software "
+"to a dining experience."
+msgstr ""
+"<a href=\"http://revistes.upc.es/~topopardo/weblog/archives/000036.html";
+"\">Une int&eacute;ressante all&eacute;gorie</a> (en espagnol) comparant le "
+"logiciel libre &agrave; un d&icirc;ner."
+
+# type: Content of: <ul><li>
+msgid ""
+"<a href=\"http://www.linuxjournal.com/article/7813\";>Free Software and "
+"Scouting</a>"
+msgstr ""
+"<a href=\"http://www.linuxjournal.com/article/7813\";>Logiciels libres et "
+"scoutisme</a>"
+
+# type: Content of: <ul><li>
+msgid ""
+"<a href=\"http://fare.tunes.org/articles/patents.html\";>Patents Are An "
+"Economic Absurdity</a>: This article adopts as a premise the popular view "
+"that free trade is desirable. We don't always agree - beyond a certain "
+"point, free trade gives businesses too much power, allowing them to "
+"intimidate democracy. But that is a different matter."
+msgstr ""
+"<a href=\"http://fare.tunes.org/articles/patents.html\";>Patents Are An "
+"Economic Absurdity (Les brevets sont une absurdit&eacute; &eacute;conomique)"
+"</a>&nbsp;: Cet article adopte comme pr&eacute;misse la conception populaire "
+"que le libre &eacute;change est souhaitable. Nous ne sommes pas toujours "
+"d'accord - au-del&agrave; d'un certain point, le libre &eacute;change donne "
+"aux entreprises beaucoup trop de pouvoir, leur permettant d'intimider la "
+"d&eacute;mocratie. Mais ceci est une autre histoire."
+
+# type: Content of: <ul><li>
+msgid ""
+"<a href=\"http://www.lewrockwell.com/orig/kinsella2.html\";>In Defense of "
+"Napster and Against the Second Homesteading Rule</a>"
+msgstr ""
+"<a href=\"http://www.lewrockwell.com/orig/kinsella2.html\";>Pour la d&eacute;"
+"fense de Napster et contre la Second Homesteading Rule (la deuxi&egrave;me "
+"Loi sur la concession statutaire).</a>"
+
+# type: Content of: <ul><li>
+msgid ""
+"<a href=\"http://www.mises.org/journals/jls/15_2/15_2_1.pdf\";>Against "
+"Intellectual Property</a>, Spring 2001, Journal of Libertarian Studies (PDF)"
+msgstr ""
+"<a href=\"http://www.mises.org/journals/jls/15_2/15_2_1.pdf\";>Against "
+"Intellectual Property (Contre la propri&eacute;t&eacute; intellectuelle)</"
+"a>, printemps 2001, Journal of Libertarian Studies (PDF"
+
+# type: Content of: <ul><li>
+msgid ""
+"<a href=\"http://www.sci.brooklyn.cuny.edu/~sdexter/copyleft_ethics.html\";>A "
+"Comparative Ethical Assessment of Free Software Licensing Schemes</a> by "
+"Samir Chopra and Scott Dexter"
+msgstr ""
+"<a href=\"http://www.sci.brooklyn.cuny.edu/~sdexter/copyleft_ethics.html\";>A "
+"Comparative Ethical Assessment of Free Software Licensing Schemes</a> (Une "
+"&eacute;valuation &eacute;thique comparative des combinaisons de licences de "
+"logiciels libres) par S.Chopra et S. Dexter."
+
+# type: Content of: <ul><li>
+msgid ""
+"The <a href=\"http://www.simplemachines.it/simone.html\";>SIM.ONE hardware "
+"project</a> has created free (as in freedom)  computer design specifications."
+msgstr ""
+"Le <a href=\"http://www.simplemachines.it/simone.html\";>projet de mat&eacute;"
+"riel SIM.ONE</a> a cr&eacute;&eacute; des sp&eacute;cifications de "
+"conception d'ordinateur libres (libre comme dans libert&eacute;)."
+
+# type: Content of: <ul><li>
+msgid ""
+"Not available online, but as early as 1960 Bernard Galler wrote a letter to "
+"the editor of the Communications of the ACM (vol.3, no.4, pp.A12-A13), "
+"saying in part (mentioning price, but clearly implying freedom):"
+msgstr ""
+"Non disponible en ligne, mais en 1960, Bernard Galler a &eacute;crit une "
+"lettre &agrave; l'&eacute;diteur de Communications de l'ACM (vol.3, no.4, pp."
+"A12-A13), disant en partie (en mentionnant le prix, mais impliquant "
+"clairement la libert&eacute;)&nbsp;:"
 
 # type: Content of: <ul><li><blockquote><p>
-msgid "&hellip; it is clear that what is being charged for is the development 
of the program, and while I am particularly unhappy that it comes from a 
university, I believe it is damaging to the whole profession. There isn't a 704 
installation that hasn't directly benefited from the free exchange of programs 
made possible by the distribution facilities of SHARE.  If we start to sell our 
programs, this will set very undesirable precedents."
-msgstr "&hellip; il est clair que ce qui est factur&eacute; pour le 
d&eacute;veloppement du programme, et alors que je suis particuli&egrave;rement 
m&eacute;content que cela provienne d'une universit&eacute;, je pense que c'est 
dommageable pour l'ensemble de la profession. Il n'y a pas une installation 704 
qui n'ait pas directement b&eacute;n&eacute;fici&eacute; du libre 
&eacute;change des programmes rendu possible par les commodit&eacute;s de 
distribution de SHARE. Si nous commen&ccedil;ons &agrave; vendre nos 
programmes, cela cr&eacute;era des pr&eacute;c&eacute;dents tr&egrave;s 
f&acirc;cheux."
+msgid ""
+"&hellip; it is clear that what is being charged for is the development of "
+"the program, and while I am particularly unhappy that it comes from a "
+"university, I believe it is damaging to the whole profession. There isn't a "
+"704 installation that hasn't directly benefited from the free exchange of "
+"programs made possible by the distribution facilities of SHARE.  If we start "
+"to sell our programs, this will set very undesirable precedents."
+msgstr ""
+"&hellip; il est clair que ce qui est factur&eacute; pour le d&eacute;"
+"veloppement du programme, et alors que je suis particuli&egrave;rement "
+"m&eacute;content que cela provienne d'une universit&eacute;, je pense que "
+"c'est dommageable pour l'ensemble de la profession. Il n'y a pas une "
+"installation 704 qui n'ait pas directement b&eacute;n&eacute;fici&eacute; du "
+"libre &eacute;change des programmes rendu possible par les commodit&eacute;s "
+"de distribution de SHARE. Si nous commen&ccedil;ons &agrave; vendre nos "
+"programmes, cela cr&eacute;era des pr&eacute;c&eacute;dents tr&egrave;s "
+"f&acirc;cheux."
 
 # type: Content of: <ul><li>
 msgid "(Thanks to Nelson Beebe for the reference.)"
 msgstr "(Merci &agrave; Nelson Beebe pour la r&eacute;f&eacute;rence)."
 
 # type: Content of: <p>
-#| msgid "<a href=\"/philosophy/\">More philosophy articles</a>"
 msgid "Links to more philosophy articles"
 msgstr "Liens vers d'autres articles"
 
@@ -364,9 +947,10 @@
 msgstr "<a href=\"speeches-and-interview.fr.html\">Discours et entretiens</a>"
 
 # type: Content of: <p>
-#| msgid "<a href=\"/philosophy/\">More philosophy articles</a>"
 msgid "<a href=\"/philosophy/\">The main philosophy page</a>"
-msgstr "<a href=\"/philosophy/philosophy.fr.html\">Page principale de la 
philosophie GNU</a>"
+msgstr ""
+"<a href=\"/philosophy/philosophy.fr.html\">Page principale de la philosophie "
+"GNU</a>"
 
 # type: Content of: <div>
 #. TRANSLATORS: Use space (SPC) as msgstr if you don't have notes.
@@ -374,25 +958,53 @@
 msgstr " "
 
 # type: Content of: <div><p>
-msgid "Please send FSF &amp; GNU inquiries to <a 
href=\"mailto:address@hidden";><em>address@hidden</em></a>.  There are also <a 
href=\"/contact/\">other ways to contact</a> the FSF.  <br /> Please send 
broken links and other corrections or suggestions to <a 
href=\"mailto:address@hidden";><em>address@hidden</em></a>."
-msgstr "Veuillez envoyer les requêtes concernant la FSF et GNU à <a 
href=\"mailto:address@hidden";><em>address@hidden</em></a>. Il existe aussi <a 
href=\"/contact/\">d'autres moyens de contacter</a> la FSF. <br /> Veuillez 
envoyer les liens orphelins ou d'autres suggestions sur cette page Web aux <a 
href=\"/people/webmeisters.html\">webmestres de GNU</a> à l'adresse <a 
href=\"mailto:address@hidden";><em>address@hidden</em></a>."
+msgid ""
+"Please send FSF &amp; GNU inquiries to <a href=\"mailto:address@hidden";
+"\"><em>address@hidden</em></a>.  There are also <a href=\"/contact/\">other "
+"ways to contact</a> the FSF.  <br /> Please send broken links and other "
+"corrections or suggestions to <a href=\"mailto:address@hidden";
+"\"><em>address@hidden</em></a>."
+msgstr ""
+"Veuillez envoyer les requêtes concernant la FSF et GNU à <a href=\"mailto:";
+"address@hidden"><em>address@hidden</em></a>. Il existe aussi <a 
href=\"/contact/"
+"\">d'autres moyens de contacter</a> la FSF. <br /> Veuillez envoyer les "
+"liens orphelins ou d'autres suggestions sur cette page Web aux <a href=\"/"
+"people/webmeisters.html\">webmestres de GNU</a> à l'adresse <a 
href=\"mailto:";
+"address@hidden"><em>address@hidden</em></a>."
 
 # type: Content of: <div><p>
-msgid "Please see the <a 
href=\"/server/standards/README.translations.html\">Translations README</a> for 
information on coordinating and submitting translations of this article."
-msgstr "Veuillez consulter le <a 
href=\"/server/standards/README.translations.fr.html\">README des 
traductions</a> pour des informations sur la coordination et la soumission de 
traductions de cet article."
+msgid ""
+"Please see the <a href=\"/server/standards/README.translations.html"
+"\">Translations README</a> for information on coordinating and submitting "
+"translations of this article."
+msgstr ""
+"Veuillez consulter le <a href=\"/server/standards/README.translations.fr.html"
+"\">README des traductions</a> pour des informations sur la coordination et "
+"la soumission de traductions de cet article."
 
 # type: Content of: <div><p>
-msgid "Copyright &copy; 1996, 1997, 1998, 1999, 2000, 2001, 2002, 2003, 2004, 
2005, 2006, 2007, 2008, 2009 Free Software Foundation, Inc."
-msgstr "Copyright &copy; 1996, 1997, 1998, 1999, 2000, 2001, 2002, 2003, 2004, 
2005, 2006, 2007, 2008, 2009 Free Software Foundation, Inc."
+msgid ""
+"Copyright &copy; 1996, 1997, 1998, 1999, 2000, 2001, 2002, 2003, 2004, 2005, "
+"2006, 2007, 2008, 2009 Free Software Foundation, Inc."
+msgstr ""
+"Copyright &copy; 1996, 1997, 1998, 1999, 2000, 2001, 2002, 2003, 2004, 2005, "
+"2006, 2007, 2008, 2009 Free Software Foundation, Inc."
 
 # type: Content of: <div><p>
-msgid "Verbatim copying and distribution of this entire article is permitted 
in any medium, provided this notice is preserved."
-msgstr "La reproduction exacte et la distribution intégrale de cet article 
est permise sur n'importe quel support d'archivage, pourvu que cette notice 
soit préservée."
+msgid ""
+"Verbatim copying and distribution of this entire article is permitted in any "
+"medium, provided this notice is preserved."
+msgstr ""
+"La reproduction exacte et la distribution intégrale de cet article est "
+"permise sur n'importe quel support d'archivage, pourvu que cette notice soit "
+"préservée."
 
 # type: Content of: <div><div>
 #. TRANSLATORS: Use space (SPC) as msgstr if you don't want credits.
 msgid "*GNUN-SLOT: TRANSLATOR'S CREDITS*"
-msgstr "Traduction&nbsp;: Cédric Corazza.<br /> Révision&nbsp;: <a 
href=\"mailto:trad-gnu&#64;april.org\";>trad-gnu&#64;april.org</a>"
+msgstr ""
+"Traduction&nbsp;: Cédric Corazza.<br /> Révision&nbsp;: <a href=\"mailto:";
+"trad-gnu&#64;april.org\">trad-gnu&#64;april.org</a>"
 
 # type: Content of: <div><p>
 #.  timestamp start
@@ -402,4 +1014,3 @@
 # type: Content of: <div><h4>
 msgid "Translations of this page"
 msgstr "Traductions de cette page"
-

Index: philosophy/po/university.fr.po
===================================================================
RCS file: /web/www/www/philosophy/po/university.fr.po,v
retrieving revision 1.9
retrieving revision 1.10
diff -u -b -r1.9 -r1.10
--- philosophy/po/university.fr.po      29 Nov 2009 17:55:32 -0000      1.9
+++ philosophy/po/university.fr.po      30 Nov 2009 21:27:04 -0000      1.10
@@ -16,158 +16,323 @@
 "Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit\n"
 
 # type: Content of: <title>
-#| msgid ""
-#| "Releasing Free Software if you work at a University - GNU Project - Free "
-#| "Software Foundation (FSF)"
-msgid "Releasing Free Software If You Work at a University - GNU Project - 
Free Software Foundation (FSF)"
-msgstr "Publier des logiciels libres si vous travaillez &agrave; 
l'universit&eacute; - GNU Project - Free Software Foundation (FSF)"
+msgid ""
+"Releasing Free Software If You Work at a University - GNU Project - Free "
+"Software Foundation (FSF)"
+msgstr ""
+"Publier des logiciels libres si vous travaillez &agrave; l'universit&eacute; "
+"- GNU Project - Free Software Foundation (FSF)"
 
 # type: Content of: <h2>
-#| msgid "Releasing Free Software if you work at a University"
 msgid "Releasing Free Software If You Work at a University"
-msgstr "Publier des logiciels libres si vous travaillez &agrave; 
l'universit&eacute;"
+msgstr ""
+"Publier des logiciels libres si vous travaillez &agrave; l'universit&eacute;"
 
 # type: Content of: <p>
-#| msgid ""
-#| "In the Free Software Movement, we believe computer users should have the "
-#| "freedom to change and redistribute the software that they use.  The "
-#| "&ldquo;free&rdquo; in free software refers to freedom: it means users "
-#| "have the freedom to run, modify and redistribute the software.  Free "
-#| "software contributes to human knowledge, while non-free software does "
-#| "not.  Universities should therefore encourage free software for the sake "
-#| "of advancing human knowledge, just as they should encourage scientists "
-#| "and other scholars to publish their work."
-msgid "In the free software movement, we believe computer users should have 
the freedom to change and redistribute the software that they use.  The 
&ldquo;free&rdquo; in &ldquo;free software&rdquo; refers to freedom: it means 
users have the freedom to run, modify and redistribute the software.  Free 
software contributes to human knowledge, while nonfree software does not.  
Universities should therefore encourage free software for the sake of advancing 
human knowledge, just as they should encourage scientists and other scholars to 
publish their work."
-msgstr "Dans le Mouvement du logiciel libre, nous pensons que les utilisateurs 
d'ordinateurs devraient &ecirc;tre libres de modifier et de redistribuer les 
logiciels qu'ils utilisent. Le &laquo;&nbsp;libre&nbsp;&raquo; de logiciel 
libre renvoie bien &agrave; la notion de libert&eacute;&nbsp;: il signifie que 
les utilisateurs ont la libert&eacute; d'ex&eacute;cuter, demodifier et de 
redistribuer le logiciel <sup><a href=\"#TransNote1\">1</a></sup>. Le logiciel 
libre contribue au savoir humain, au contraire des logiciels non libres. Les 
universit&eacute;s devraient doncencourager le logiciel libre dans 
l'int&eacute;r&ecirc;t de l'avanc&eacute;e de la connaissance humaine, de la 
m&ecirc;me mani&egrave;re qu'elles devraient encourager les scientifiques etles 
&eacute;tudiants &agrave; publier leurs travaux."
-
-# type: Content of: <p>
-msgid "Alas, many university administrators have a grasping attitude towards 
software (and towards science); they see programs as opportunities for income, 
not as opportunities to contribute to human knowledge.  Free software 
developers have been coping with this tendency for almost 20 years."
-msgstr "H&eacute;las, bien des directeurs d'universit&eacute;s ont une 
attitude possessive envers le logiciel (et envers la science); ils 
consid&egrave;rent les programmes comme autant d'opportunit&eacute;s de 
revenus, et non comme une chance de participer &agrave; la connaissance 
humaine. Les d&eacute;veloppeurs de logiciels libres ont d&ucirc; faire face 
&agrave; cette tendance depuis presque 20 ans."
-
-# type: Content of: <p>
-#| msgid ""
-#| "When I started developing the <a href=\"/gnu/thegnuproject.html\">GNU "
-#| "operating system</a> in 1984, my first step was to quit my job at MIT.  I "
-#| "did this specifically so that the MIT licensing office would be unable to "
-#| "interfere with releasing GNU as free software.  I had planned an approach "
-#| "for licensing the programs in GNU that ensures that all modified versions "
-#| "must be free software as well, an approach that developed into the <a "
-#| "href=\"/licenses/gpl.html\">GNU General Public License</a> (GNU GPL), and "
-#| "I did not want to have to beg the MIT administration to let me use it."
-msgid "When I started developing the <a href=\"/gnu/thegnuproject.html\">GNU 
operating system</a>, in 1984, my first step was to quit my job at MIT.  I did 
this specifically so that the MIT licensing office would be unable to interfere 
with releasing GNU as free software.  I had planned an approach for licensing 
the programs in GNU that would ensure that all modified versions must be free 
software as well&mdash;an approach that developed into the <a 
href=\"/licenses/gpl.html\">GNU General Public License</a> (GNU GPL)&mdash;and 
I did not want to have to beg the MIT administration to let me use it."
-msgstr "Quand j'ai commenc&eacute; &agrave; d&eacute;velopper le <a 
href=\"/gnu/thegnuproject.fr.html\">syst&egrave;me d'exploitation GNU</a> en 
1984, mon premier pas a &eacute;t&eacute; de d&eacute;missionner de mon poste 
au MIT. J'ai fait cela sp&eacute;cialement pour que le bureau des licences du 
MIT ne puisse interf&eacute;rer avec la diffusion de GNU en tant que logiciel 
libre. L'approche que j'avais &eacute;labor&eacute;e pour les licences des 
programmes de GNU permet de garantir que toutes les versions modifi&eacute;es 
doivent &ecirc;tre aussi des logiciels libres, un concept qui s'est approfondi 
dans <a href=\"/licences/gpl.html\">la Licence  publique g&eacute;n&eacute;rale 
GNU</a> (GPL GNU), et je ne voulais pas avoir &agrave; supplier 
l'administration du MIT de me laisser l'utiliser."
-
-# type: Content of: <p>
-#| msgid ""
-#| "Over the years, university affiliates have often come to the Free "
-#| "Software Foundation for advice on how to cope with administrators who see "
-#| "software only as something to sell.  One good method, applicable even for "
-#| "specifically funded projects, is to base your work on an existing program "
-#| "that was released under the GNU GPL.  Then you can tell the "
-#| "administrators, &ldquo;We're not allowed to release the modified version "
-#| "except under the GNU GPL &mdash; any other way would be copyright "
-#| "infringement.&rdquo; After the dollar signs fade from their eyes, they "
-#| "will usually consent to releasing it as free software."
-msgid "Over the years, university affiliates have often come to the Free 
Software Foundation for advice on how to cope with administrators who see 
software only as something to sell.  One good method, applicable even for 
specifically funded projects, is to base your work on an existing program that 
was released under the GNU GPL.  Then you can tell the administrators, 
&ldquo;We're not allowed to release the modified version except under the GNU 
GPL&mdash;any other way would be copyright infringement.&rdquo; After the 
dollar signs fade from their eyes, they will usually consent to releasing it as 
free software."
-msgstr "Pendant des ann&eacute;es, des universitaires ont souvent 
contact&eacute; la Fondation pour le logiciel libre afin d'obtenir des conseils 
sur la mani&egrave;re de s'arranger avecdes directions qui voient seulement 
dans le logiciel quelque chose qui puisse se vendre. Une bonne m&eacute;thode, 
qui peut m&ecirc;me &ecirc;tre appliqu&eacute;e sur des projets financ&eacute;s 
de fa&ccedil;on sp&eacute;cifique, est de baser votre travail sur un programme 
existant qui a &eacute;t&eacute; publi&eacute; sous licence GPL GNU. Vous 
pouvez alors dire aux gestionnaires : &laquo;&nbsp;Nous n'avons pas le droit de 
diffuser la version modifi&eacute;e autrement que sous GPL GNU (toute autre 
fa&ccedil;on constituerait une violation de copyright).&nbsp;&raquo; Une fois 
&eacute;vanouis sous leurs yeux les symboles de dollars, ils consentiront 
g&eacute;n&eacute;ralement &agrave; le diffuser en tant que logiciel libre."
-
-# type: Content of: <p>
-#| msgid ""
-#| "You can also ask your funding sponsor for help.  When a group at NYU "
-#| "developed the GNU Ada Compiler, with funding from the U.S. Air Force, the "
-#| "contract explicitly called for donating the resulting code to the Free "
-#| "Software Foundation.  Work out the arrangement with the sponsor first, "
-#| "then politely show the university administration that it is not open to "
-#| "renegotiation.  They would rather have a contract to develop free "
-#| "software than no contract at all, so they will most likely go along."
-msgid "You can also ask your funding sponsor for help.  When a group at NYU 
developed the GNU Ada Compiler, with funding from the US Air Force, the 
contract explicitly called for donating the resulting code to the Free Software 
Foundation.  Work out the arrangement with the sponsor first, then politely 
show the university administration that it is not open to renegotiation.  They 
would rather have a contract to develop free software than no contract at all, 
so they will most likely go along."
-msgstr "Vous pouvez aussi appeler &agrave; l'aide votre sponsor financier. 
Quand un groupe de <abbr title=\"New-York University\">NYU</abbr> a 
d&eacute;velopp&eacute; le compilateur Ada GNU, avec le financement de l'U.S. 
Air Force, le contrat pr&eacute;cisait explicitement que le code 
r&eacute;sultant serait c&eacute;d&eacute; &agrave; la Fondation pour le 
logiciel libre. Obtenez un arrangement avec votre sponsor tout d'abord, puis 
faites remarquer poliment &agrave; l'administration de votre universit&eacute; 
que ce point n'est pas ren&eacute;gociable. Elle pr&eacute;f&eacute;rera un 
contrat pour d&eacute;velopper un logiciel libre que pas de contrat du tout, 
donc elle s'en accommodera  vraisemblablement."
-
-# type: Content of: <p>
-#| msgid ""
-#| "Whatever you do, raise the issue early &mdash; certainly before the "
-#| "program is half finished.  At this point, the university still needs you, "
-#| "so you can play hardball: tell the administration you will finish the "
-#| "program, make it usable, if they have agreed in writing to make it free "
-#| "software (and agreed to your choice of free software license).  Otherwise "
-#| "you will work on it only enough to write a paper about it, and never make "
-#| "a version good enough to release.  When the administrators know their "
-#| "choice is to have a free software package that brings credit to the "
-#| "university or nothing at all, they will usually choose the former."
-msgid "Whatever you do, raise the issue early&mdash;well before the program is 
half finished.  At this point, the university still needs you, so you can play 
hardball: tell the administration you will finish the program, make it usable, 
if they agree in writing to make it free software (and agree to your choice of 
free software license).  Otherwise you will work on it only enough to write a 
paper about it, and never make a version good enough to release.  When the 
administrators know their choice is to have a free software package that brings 
credit to the university or nothing at all, they will usually choose the 
former."
-msgstr "Quoi que vous fassiez, posez le probl&egrave;me au plus t&ocirc;t 
(certainement avant que le programme ne soit &agrave; moiti&eacute; 
termin&eacute;). &Agrave; ce stade, l'universit&eacute; a encore besoin de 
vous, donc vous pouvez n&eacute;gocier durement : dites &agrave; 
l'administration que vous terminerez le programme, le rendrez utilisable, s'ils 
acceptent par &eacute;crit d'en faire un logiciel libre (sous la licence de 
logiciel libre que vous aurez choisie). Sinon vous travaillerez dessus juste 
assez pour pouvoir &eacute;crire un papier &agrave; son propos, et ne 
cr&eacute;erez jamais une version suffisamment correcte pour &ecirc;tre 
diffus&eacute;e. Quand la direction comprendra qu'elle n'a le choix qu'entre un 
paquetage de logiciel libre qui cr&eacute;ditera l'universit&eacute; et rien du 
tout, elle choisira g&eacute;n&eacute;ralement la premi&egrave;re solution."
-
-# type: Content of: <p>
-msgid "Not all universities have grasping policies.  The University of Texas 
has a policy that makes it easy to release software developed there as free 
software under the GNU General Public License.  Univates in Brazil, and the 
International Institute of Information Technology in Hyderabad, India, both 
have policies in favor of releasing software under the GPL.  By developing 
faculty support first, you may be able to institute such a policy at your 
university.  Present the issue as one of principle: does the university have a 
mission to advance human knowledge, or is its sole purpose to perpetuate 
itself?"
-msgstr "Toutes les universit&eacute;s n'ont pas des politiques possessives. 
L'Universit&eacute; du Texas a une politique qui permet facilement de diffuser 
un logiciel d&eacute;velopp&eacute; l&agrave;-bas en tant que logiciel libre 
sous la Licence publique g&eacute;n&eacute;rale GNU. Univates au Br&eacute;sil 
et l'Institut indien des technologies de l'information &agrave; Hyderabad, en 
Inde, ont tous deux adopt&eacute; une politique en faveur de la  diffusion des 
logiciels sous GPL. En d&eacute;veloppant tout d'abord l'appui du corps 
professoral, vous pouvez peut-&ecirc;tre instaurer une politique de ce genre 
dans votre universit&eacute;. Pr&eacute;sentez le probl&egrave;me comme une 
question de principe&nbsp;: est-ce que la mission de l'universit&eacute; est de 
faire progresser la connaissance humaine, ou est-ce que son seul but est de 
s'entretenir elle-m&ecirc;me&nbsp;?"
-
-# type: Content of: <p>
-#| msgid ""
-#| "Whatever approach you use, it helps to have determination and adopt an "
-#| "ethical perspective, as we do in the Free Software Movement.  To treat "
-#| "the public ethically, the software should be free &mdash; as in freedom "
-#| "&mdash; for the whole public."
-msgid "Whatever approach you use, it helps to approach the issue with 
determination and based on an ethical perspective, as we do in the free 
software movement.  To treat the public ethically, the software should be 
free&mdash;as in freedom&mdash;for the whole public."
-msgstr "Quelle que soit l'approche que vous choisissez, faire preuve de 
d&eacute;termination et opter pour une perspective &eacute;thique, comme nous 
le faisons au sein du Mouvement du logiciel libre, aide toujours. Pour faire 
preuve d'&eacute;thique envers le public, le logiciel devrait &ecirc;tre libre 
pour l'ensemble du public."
-
-# type: Content of: <p>
-#| msgid ""
-#| "Many developers of free software profess narrowly practical reasons for "
-#| "doing so: they advocate allowing others to share and change software as "
-#| "an expedient for making software powerful and reliable.  If those values "
-#| "motivate you to develop free software, well and good, and thank you for "
-#| "your contribution.  But those values do not give you a good footing to "
-#| "stand firm when university administrators pressure or tempt you to make "
-#| "the program non-free."
-msgid "Many developers of free software profess narrowly practical reasons for 
doing so: they advocate allowing others to share and change software as an 
expedient for making software powerful and reliable.  If those values motivate 
you to develop free software, well and good, and thank you for your 
contribution.  But those values do not give you a good footing to stand firm 
when university administrators pressure or tempt you to make the program 
nonfree."
-msgstr "Beaucoup de d&eacute;veloppeurs de logiciels libres font &eacute;tat 
d'une motivation pour produire du logiciel libre pragmatique et 
limit&eacute;e&nbsp;: ils soutiennent que permettre aux autres de partager et 
de modifier le logiciel a pour avantage la construction de logiciels puissants 
et fiables. Si ces valeurs vous motivent &agrave; d&eacute;velopper du logiciel 
libre, c'est bon et bien, et nous vous remercions pour votre contribution. Mais 
ces valeurs ne vous aideront pas &agrave; rester ferme face &agrave; la 
direction de l'universit&eacute; quand elle essaiera de faire pression ou de 
vous inciter &agrave; rendre le programme non libre."
-
-# type: Content of: <p>
-msgid "For instance, they may argue that &ldquo;We could make it even more 
powerful and reliable with all the money we can get.&rdquo; This claim may or 
may not come true in the end, but it is hard to disprove in advance.  They may 
suggest a license to offer copies &ldquo;free of charge, for academic use 
only,&rdquo; which would tell the general public they don't deserve freedom, 
and argue that this will obtain the cooperation of academia, which is all (they 
say) you need."
-msgstr "Par exemple, elle pourra avancer&nbsp;: &laquo;&nbsp;Nous pourrons le 
rendre encore plus puissant et fiable avec tout l'argent que nous en 
obtiendrons&nbsp;&raquo;. Cet argument peut s'av&eacute;rer vrai ou faux au 
final, mais il est difficile de le d&eacute;mentir &agrave; l'avance. Ils 
pourraient sugg&eacute;rer une licence permettant d'offrir des copies 
&laquo;&nbsp;gratuites, r&eacute;serv&eacute;es &agrave; une utilisation 
acad&eacute;mique&nbsp;&raquo;, ce qui signifie au public qu'il ne 
m&eacute;rite pas de b&eacute;n&eacute;ficier de la libert&eacute;, et ils 
ajouteraient que cela vous permettra d'obtenir une coop&eacute;ration 
universitaire, ce qui est (selon eux) tout ce dont vous avezbesoin."
-
-# type: Content of: <p>
-#| msgid ""
-#| "If you start from &ldquo;pragmatic&rdquo; values, it is hard to give a "
-#| "good reason for rejecting these dead-end proposals, but you can do it "
-#| "easily if you base your stand on ethical and political values.  What good "
-#| "is it to make a program powerful and reliable at the expense of users' "
-#| "freedom? Shouldn't freedom apply outside academia as well as within it? "
-#| "The answers are obvious if freedom and community are among your goals.  "
-#| "Free software respects the users' freedom, while non-free software "
-#| "negates it."
-msgid "If you start from values of convenience alone, it is hard to make a 
good case for rejecting these dead-end proposals, but you can do it easily if 
you base your stand on ethical and political values.  What good is it to make a 
program powerful and reliable at the expense of users' freedom? Shouldn't 
freedom apply outside academia as well as within it? The answers are obvious if 
freedom and community are among your goals.  Free software respects the users' 
freedom, while nonfree software negates it."
-msgstr "Si vous partez de valeurs &laquo;&nbsp;pragmatiques&nbsp;&raquo;, il 
est difficile de donner une bonne raison pour rejeter ces propositions sans 
issue, alors que vous pouvez le faire facilement si vous basez votre position 
sur des valeurs &eacute;thiques et politiques. Qu'y a-t'il de bon &agrave; 
faire un programme puissant et fiable au prix de la libert&eacute; des 
utilisateurs&nbsp;? La libert&eacute; ne devrait-elle pas s'appliquer tout 
autant &agrave; l'ext&eacute;rieur qu'&agrave; l'int&eacute;rieur de 
l'Universit&eacute;&nbsp;? Les r&eacute;ponses sont &eacute;videntes si la 
libert&eacute; et la communaut&eacute; font partie de vos objectifs. Le 
logiciel libre respecte la libert&eacute; des utilisateurs, alors que les 
logiciels non libres la bafouent."
-
-# type: Content of: <p>
-msgid "Nothing strengthens your resolve like knowing that the community's 
freedom depends, in one instance, on you."
-msgstr "Rien ne peut renforcer plus votre r&eacute;solution que le fait de 
savoir que la libert&eacute; de la communaut&eacute; d&eacute;pend, en cette 
occasion, de vous."
+msgid ""
+"In the free software movement, we believe computer users should have the "
+"freedom to change and redistribute the software that they use.  The &ldquo;"
+"free&rdquo; in &ldquo;free software&rdquo; refers to freedom: it means users "
+"have the freedom to run, modify and redistribute the software.  Free "
+"software contributes to human knowledge, while nonfree software does not.  "
+"Universities should therefore encourage free software for the sake of "
+"advancing human knowledge, just as they should encourage scientists and "
+"other scholars to publish their work."
+msgstr ""
+"Dans le Mouvement du logiciel libre, nous pensons que les utilisateurs "
+"d'ordinateurs devraient &ecirc;tre libres de modifier et de redistribuer les "
+"logiciels qu'ils utilisent. Le &laquo;&nbsp;libre&nbsp;&raquo; de logiciel "
+"libre renvoie bien &agrave; la notion de libert&eacute;&nbsp;: il signifie "
+"que les utilisateurs ont la libert&eacute; d'ex&eacute;cuter, demodifier et "
+"de redistribuer le logiciel <sup><a href=\"#TransNote1\">1</a></sup>. Le "
+"logiciel libre contribue au savoir humain, au contraire des logiciels non "
+"libres. Les universit&eacute;s devraient doncencourager le logiciel libre "
+"dans l'int&eacute;r&ecirc;t de l'avanc&eacute;e de la connaissance humaine, "
+"de la m&ecirc;me mani&egrave;re qu'elles devraient encourager les "
+"scientifiques etles &eacute;tudiants &agrave; publier leurs travaux."
+
+# type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"Alas, many university administrators have a grasping attitude towards "
+"software (and towards science); they see programs as opportunities for "
+"income, not as opportunities to contribute to human knowledge.  Free "
+"software developers have been coping with this tendency for almost 20 years."
+msgstr ""
+"H&eacute;las, bien des directeurs d'universit&eacute;s ont une attitude "
+"possessive envers le logiciel (et envers la science); ils consid&egrave;rent "
+"les programmes comme autant d'opportunit&eacute;s de revenus, et non comme "
+"une chance de participer &agrave; la connaissance humaine. Les d&eacute;"
+"veloppeurs de logiciels libres ont d&ucirc; faire face &agrave; cette "
+"tendance depuis presque 20 ans."
+
+# type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"When I started developing the <a href=\"/gnu/thegnuproject.html\">GNU "
+"operating system</a>, in 1984, my first step was to quit my job at MIT.  I "
+"did this specifically so that the MIT licensing office would be unable to "
+"interfere with releasing GNU as free software.  I had planned an approach "
+"for licensing the programs in GNU that would ensure that all modified "
+"versions must be free software as well&mdash;an approach that developed into "
+"the <a href=\"/licenses/gpl.html\">GNU General Public License</a> (GNU GPL)"
+"&mdash;and I did not want to have to beg the MIT administration to let me "
+"use it."
+msgstr ""
+"Quand j'ai commenc&eacute; &agrave; d&eacute;velopper le <a href=\"/gnu/"
+"thegnuproject.fr.html\">syst&egrave;me d'exploitation GNU</a> en 1984, mon "
+"premier pas a &eacute;t&eacute; de d&eacute;missionner de mon poste au MIT. "
+"J'ai fait cela sp&eacute;cialement pour que le bureau des licences du MIT ne "
+"puisse interf&eacute;rer avec la diffusion de GNU en tant que logiciel "
+"libre. L'approche que j'avais &eacute;labor&eacute;e pour les licences des "
+"programmes de GNU permet de garantir que toutes les versions modifi&eacute;"
+"es doivent &ecirc;tre aussi des logiciels libres, un concept qui s'est "
+"approfondi dans <a href=\"/licences/gpl.html\">la Licence  publique g&eacute;"
+"n&eacute;rale GNU</a> (GPL GNU), et je ne voulais pas avoir &agrave; "
+"supplier l'administration du MIT de me laisser l'utiliser."
+
+# type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"Over the years, university affiliates have often come to the Free Software "
+"Foundation for advice on how to cope with administrators who see software "
+"only as something to sell.  One good method, applicable even for "
+"specifically funded projects, is to base your work on an existing program "
+"that was released under the GNU GPL.  Then you can tell the administrators, "
+"&ldquo;We're not allowed to release the modified version except under the "
+"GNU GPL&mdash;any other way would be copyright infringement.&rdquo; After "
+"the dollar signs fade from their eyes, they will usually consent to "
+"releasing it as free software."
+msgstr ""
+"Pendant des ann&eacute;es, des universitaires ont souvent contact&eacute; la "
+"Fondation pour le logiciel libre afin d'obtenir des conseils sur la "
+"mani&egrave;re de s'arranger avecdes directions qui voient seulement dans le "
+"logiciel quelque chose qui puisse se vendre. Une bonne m&eacute;thode, qui "
+"peut m&ecirc;me &ecirc;tre appliqu&eacute;e sur des projets financ&eacute;s "
+"de fa&ccedil;on sp&eacute;cifique, est de baser votre travail sur un "
+"programme existant qui a &eacute;t&eacute; publi&eacute; sous licence GPL "
+"GNU. Vous pouvez alors dire aux gestionnaires : &laquo;&nbsp;Nous n'avons "
+"pas le droit de diffuser la version modifi&eacute;e autrement que sous GPL "
+"GNU (toute autre fa&ccedil;on constituerait une violation de copyright)."
+"&nbsp;&raquo; Une fois &eacute;vanouis sous leurs yeux les symboles de "
+"dollars, ils consentiront g&eacute;n&eacute;ralement &agrave; le diffuser en "
+"tant que logiciel libre."
+
+# type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"You can also ask your funding sponsor for help.  When a group at NYU "
+"developed the GNU Ada Compiler, with funding from the US Air Force, the "
+"contract explicitly called for donating the resulting code to the Free "
+"Software Foundation.  Work out the arrangement with the sponsor first, then "
+"politely show the university administration that it is not open to "
+"renegotiation.  They would rather have a contract to develop free software "
+"than no contract at all, so they will most likely go along."
+msgstr ""
+"Vous pouvez aussi appeler &agrave; l'aide votre sponsor financier. Quand un "
+"groupe de <abbr title=\"New-York University\">NYU</abbr> a d&eacute;"
+"velopp&eacute; le compilateur Ada GNU, avec le financement de l'U.S. Air "
+"Force, le contrat pr&eacute;cisait explicitement que le code r&eacute;"
+"sultant serait c&eacute;d&eacute; &agrave; la Fondation pour le logiciel "
+"libre. Obtenez un arrangement avec votre sponsor tout d'abord, puis faites "
+"remarquer poliment &agrave; l'administration de votre universit&eacute; que "
+"ce point n'est pas ren&eacute;gociable. Elle pr&eacute;f&eacute;rera un "
+"contrat pour d&eacute;velopper un logiciel libre que pas de contrat du tout, "
+"donc elle s'en accommodera  vraisemblablement."
+
+# type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"Whatever you do, raise the issue early&mdash;well before the program is half "
+"finished.  At this point, the university still needs you, so you can play "
+"hardball: tell the administration you will finish the program, make it "
+"usable, if they agree in writing to make it free software (and agree to your "
+"choice of free software license).  Otherwise you will work on it only enough "
+"to write a paper about it, and never make a version good enough to release.  "
+"When the administrators know their choice is to have a free software package "
+"that brings credit to the university or nothing at all, they will usually "
+"choose the former."
+msgstr ""
+"Quoi que vous fassiez, posez le probl&egrave;me au plus t&ocirc;t "
+"(certainement avant que le programme ne soit &agrave; moiti&eacute; "
+"termin&eacute;). &Agrave; ce stade, l'universit&eacute; a encore besoin de "
+"vous, donc vous pouvez n&eacute;gocier durement : dites &agrave; "
+"l'administration que vous terminerez le programme, le rendrez utilisable, "
+"s'ils acceptent par &eacute;crit d'en faire un logiciel libre (sous la "
+"licence de logiciel libre que vous aurez choisie). Sinon vous travaillerez "
+"dessus juste assez pour pouvoir &eacute;crire un papier &agrave; son propos, "
+"et ne cr&eacute;erez jamais une version suffisamment correcte pour &ecirc;"
+"tre diffus&eacute;e. Quand la direction comprendra qu'elle n'a le choix "
+"qu'entre un paquetage de logiciel libre qui cr&eacute;ditera "
+"l'universit&eacute; et rien du tout, elle choisira g&eacute;n&eacute;"
+"ralement la premi&egrave;re solution."
+
+# type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"Not all universities have grasping policies.  The University of Texas has a "
+"policy that makes it easy to release software developed there as free "
+"software under the GNU General Public License.  Univates in Brazil, and the "
+"International Institute of Information Technology in Hyderabad, India, both "
+"have policies in favor of releasing software under the GPL.  By developing "
+"faculty support first, you may be able to institute such a policy at your "
+"university.  Present the issue as one of principle: does the university have "
+"a mission to advance human knowledge, or is its sole purpose to perpetuate "
+"itself?"
+msgstr ""
+"Toutes les universit&eacute;s n'ont pas des politiques possessives. "
+"L'Universit&eacute; du Texas a une politique qui permet facilement de "
+"diffuser un logiciel d&eacute;velopp&eacute; l&agrave;-bas en tant que "
+"logiciel libre sous la Licence publique g&eacute;n&eacute;rale GNU. Univates "
+"au Br&eacute;sil et l'Institut indien des technologies de l'information "
+"&agrave; Hyderabad, en Inde, ont tous deux adopt&eacute; une politique en "
+"faveur de la  diffusion des logiciels sous GPL. En d&eacute;veloppant tout "
+"d'abord l'appui du corps professoral, vous pouvez peut-&ecirc;tre instaurer "
+"une politique de ce genre dans votre universit&eacute;. Pr&eacute;sentez le "
+"probl&egrave;me comme une question de principe&nbsp;: est-ce que la mission "
+"de l'universit&eacute; est de faire progresser la connaissance humaine, ou "
+"est-ce que son seul but est de s'entretenir elle-m&ecirc;me&nbsp;?"
+
+# type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"Whatever approach you use, it helps to approach the issue with determination "
+"and based on an ethical perspective, as we do in the free software "
+"movement.  To treat the public ethically, the software should be free&mdash;"
+"as in freedom&mdash;for the whole public."
+msgstr ""
+"Quelle que soit l'approche que vous choisissez, faire preuve de d&eacute;"
+"termination et opter pour une perspective &eacute;thique, comme nous le "
+"faisons au sein du Mouvement du logiciel libre, aide toujours. Pour faire "
+"preuve d'&eacute;thique envers le public, le logiciel devrait &ecirc;tre "
+"libre pour l'ensemble du public."
+
+# type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"Many developers of free software profess narrowly practical reasons for "
+"doing so: they advocate allowing others to share and change software as an "
+"expedient for making software powerful and reliable.  If those values "
+"motivate you to develop free software, well and good, and thank you for your "
+"contribution.  But those values do not give you a good footing to stand firm "
+"when university administrators pressure or tempt you to make the program "
+"nonfree."
+msgstr ""
+"Beaucoup de d&eacute;veloppeurs de logiciels libres font &eacute;tat d'une "
+"motivation pour produire du logiciel libre pragmatique et limit&eacute;"
+"e&nbsp;: ils soutiennent que permettre aux autres de partager et de modifier "
+"le logiciel a pour avantage la construction de logiciels puissants et "
+"fiables. Si ces valeurs vous motivent &agrave; d&eacute;velopper du logiciel "
+"libre, c'est bon et bien, et nous vous remercions pour votre contribution. "
+"Mais ces valeurs ne vous aideront pas &agrave; rester ferme face &agrave; la "
+"direction de l'universit&eacute; quand elle essaiera de faire pression ou de "
+"vous inciter &agrave; rendre le programme non libre."
+
+# type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"For instance, they may argue that &ldquo;We could make it even more powerful "
+"and reliable with all the money we can get.&rdquo; This claim may or may not "
+"come true in the end, but it is hard to disprove in advance.  They may "
+"suggest a license to offer copies &ldquo;free of charge, for academic use "
+"only,&rdquo; which would tell the general public they don't deserve freedom, "
+"and argue that this will obtain the cooperation of academia, which is all "
+"(they say) you need."
+msgstr ""
+"Par exemple, elle pourra avancer&nbsp;: &laquo;&nbsp;Nous pourrons le rendre "
+"encore plus puissant et fiable avec tout l'argent que nous en "
+"obtiendrons&nbsp;&raquo;. Cet argument peut s'av&eacute;rer vrai ou faux au "
+"final, mais il est difficile de le d&eacute;mentir &agrave; l'avance. Ils "
+"pourraient sugg&eacute;rer une licence permettant d'offrir des copies &laquo;"
+"&nbsp;gratuites, r&eacute;serv&eacute;es &agrave; une utilisation "
+"acad&eacute;mique&nbsp;&raquo;, ce qui signifie au public qu'il ne m&eacute;"
+"rite pas de b&eacute;n&eacute;ficier de la libert&eacute;, et ils "
+"ajouteraient que cela vous permettra d'obtenir une coop&eacute;ration "
+"universitaire, ce qui est (selon eux) tout ce dont vous avezbesoin."
+
+# type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"If you start from values of convenience alone, it is hard to make a good "
+"case for rejecting these dead-end proposals, but you can do it easily if you "
+"base your stand on ethical and political values.  What good is it to make a "
+"program powerful and reliable at the expense of users' freedom? Shouldn't "
+"freedom apply outside academia as well as within it? The answers are obvious "
+"if freedom and community are among your goals.  Free software respects the "
+"users' freedom, while nonfree software negates it."
+msgstr ""
+"Si vous partez de valeurs &laquo;&nbsp;pragmatiques&nbsp;&raquo;, il est "
+"difficile de donner une bonne raison pour rejeter ces propositions sans "
+"issue, alors que vous pouvez le faire facilement si vous basez votre "
+"position sur des valeurs &eacute;thiques et politiques. Qu'y a-t'il de bon "
+"&agrave; faire un programme puissant et fiable au prix de la libert&eacute; "
+"des utilisateurs&nbsp;? La libert&eacute; ne devrait-elle pas s'appliquer "
+"tout autant &agrave; l'ext&eacute;rieur qu'&agrave; l'int&eacute;rieur de "
+"l'Universit&eacute;&nbsp;? Les r&eacute;ponses sont &eacute;videntes si la "
+"libert&eacute; et la communaut&eacute; font partie de vos objectifs. Le "
+"logiciel libre respecte la libert&eacute; des utilisateurs, alors que les "
+"logiciels non libres la bafouent."
+
+# type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"Nothing strengthens your resolve like knowing that the community's freedom "
+"depends, in one instance, on you."
+msgstr ""
+"Rien ne peut renforcer plus votre r&eacute;solution que le fait de savoir "
+"que la libert&eacute; de la communaut&eacute; d&eacute;pend, en cette "
+"occasion, de vous."
 
 # type: Content of: <h4>
-msgid "This essay is published in <a 
href=\"http://shop.fsf.org/product/free-software-free-society/\";><cite>Free 
Software, Free Society: The Selected Essays of Richard M. Stallman</cite></a>."
-msgstr "Cet article est publié dans le livre <a 
href=\"http://shop.fsf.org/product/free-software-free-society/\";><cite>Free 
Software, Free Society: The Selected Essays of Richard M. Stallman</cite></a>."
+msgid ""
+"This essay is published in <a href=\"http://shop.fsf.org/product/free-";
+"software-free-society/\"><cite>Free Software, Free Society: The Selected "
+"Essays of Richard M. Stallman</cite></a>."
+msgstr ""
+"Cet article est publié dans le livre <a href=\"http://shop.fsf.org/product/";
+"free-software-free-society/\"><cite>Free Software, Free Society: The "
+"Selected Essays of Richard M. Stallman</cite></a>."
 
 # type: Content of: <div>
 #. TRANSLATORS: Use space (SPC) as msgstr if you don't have notes.
 msgid "*GNUN-SLOT: TRANSLATOR'S NOTES*"
-msgstr "<b>Notes du traducteur</b>&nbsp;:<br /><ol><li id=\"TransNote1\">Dans 
l'original en anglais, le terme &laquo;&nbsp;free&nbsp;&raquo; est 
employ&eacute;, avec l'ambigu&iuml;t&eacute; propre &agrave; la langue anglaise 
associ&eacute;e &agrave; ce mot qui signifie aussi bien 
&laquo;&nbsp;gratuit&nbsp;&raquo;, ou &laquo;&nbsp;libre&nbsp;&raquo;</li></ol>"
+msgstr ""
+"<b>Notes du traducteur</b>&nbsp;:<br /><ol><li id=\"TransNote1\">Dans "
+"l'original en anglais, le terme &laquo;&nbsp;free&nbsp;&raquo; est "
+"employ&eacute;, avec l'ambigu&iuml;t&eacute; propre &agrave; la langue "
+"anglaise associ&eacute;e &agrave; ce mot qui signifie aussi bien &laquo;"
+"&nbsp;gratuit&nbsp;&raquo;, ou &laquo;&nbsp;libre&nbsp;&raquo;</li></ol>"
 
 # type: Content of: <div><p>
-msgid "Please send FSF &amp; GNU inquiries to <a 
href=\"mailto:address@hidden";><em>address@hidden</em></a>.  There are also <a 
href=\"/contact/\">other ways to contact</a> the FSF.  <br /> Please send 
broken links and other corrections or suggestions to <a 
href=\"mailto:address@hidden";><em>address@hidden</em></a>."
-msgstr "Veuillez envoyer les requêtes concernant la FSF et GNU à <a 
href=\"mailto:address@hidden";><em>address@hidden</em></a>. Il existe aussi <a 
href=\"/contact/\">d'autres moyens de contacter</a> la FSF. <br /> Veuillez 
envoyer les liens orphelins ou d'autres suggestions sur cette page Web aux <a 
href=\"/people/webmeisters.html\">webmestres de GNU</a> à l'adresse <a 
href=\"mailto:address@hidden";><em>address@hidden</em></a>."
+msgid ""
+"Please send FSF &amp; GNU inquiries to <a href=\"mailto:address@hidden";
+"\"><em>address@hidden</em></a>.  There are also <a href=\"/contact/\">other "
+"ways to contact</a> the FSF.  <br /> Please send broken links and other "
+"corrections or suggestions to <a href=\"mailto:address@hidden";
+"\"><em>address@hidden</em></a>."
+msgstr ""
+"Veuillez envoyer les requêtes concernant la FSF et GNU à <a href=\"mailto:";
+"address@hidden"><em>address@hidden</em></a>. Il existe aussi <a 
href=\"/contact/"
+"\">d'autres moyens de contacter</a> la FSF. <br /> Veuillez envoyer les "
+"liens orphelins ou d'autres suggestions sur cette page Web aux <a href=\"/"
+"people/webmeisters.html\">webmestres de GNU</a> à l'adresse <a 
href=\"mailto:";
+"address@hidden"><em>address@hidden</em></a>."
 
 # type: Content of: <div><p>
-msgid "Please see the <a 
href=\"/server/standards/README.translations.html\">Translations README</a> for 
information on coordinating and submitting translations of this article."
-msgstr "Veuillez consulter le <a 
href=\"/server/standards/README.translations.fr.html\">README des 
traductions</a> pour des informations sur la coordination et la soumission de 
traductions de cet article."
+msgid ""
+"Please see the <a href=\"/server/standards/README.translations.html"
+"\">Translations README</a> for information on coordinating and submitting "
+"translations of this article."
+msgstr ""
+"Veuillez consulter le <a href=\"/server/standards/README.translations.fr.html"
+"\">README des traductions</a> pour des informations sur la coordination et "
+"la soumission de traductions de cet article."
 
 # type: Content of: <div><p>
-msgid "Copyright &copy; 2002 Richard Stallman <br /> Verbatim copying and 
distribution of this entire article is permitted in any medium without royalty 
provided this notice is preserved."
-msgstr "Copyright &copy; 2002 Richard Stallman <br />La reproduction exacte et 
la distribution intégrale de cet article est permise sur n'importe quel 
support d'archivage, pourvu que cette notice soit préservée."
+msgid ""
+"Copyright &copy; 2002 Richard Stallman <br /> Verbatim copying and "
+"distribution of this entire article is permitted in any medium without "
+"royalty provided this notice is preserved."
+msgstr ""
+"Copyright &copy; 2002 Richard Stallman <br />La reproduction exacte et la "
+"distribution intégrale de cet article est permise sur n'importe quel support 
"
+"d'archivage, pourvu que cette notice soit préservée."
 
 # type: Content of: <div><div>
 #. TRANSLATORS: Use space (SPC) as msgstr if you don't want credits.
 msgid "*GNUN-SLOT: TRANSLATOR'S CREDITS*"
-msgstr "Traduction&nbsp;: Jean-Jacques Puig.<br />Révision&nbsp;: <a 
href=\"mailto:trad-gnu&#64;april.org\";>trad-gnu&#64;april.org</a>"
+msgstr ""
+"Traduction&nbsp;: Jean-Jacques Puig.<br />Révision&nbsp;: <a href=\"mailto:";
+"trad-gnu&#64;april.org\">trad-gnu&#64;april.org</a>"
 
 # type: Content of: <div><p>
 #.  timestamp start
@@ -177,4 +342,3 @@
 # type: Content of: <div><h4>
 msgid "Translations of this page"
 msgstr "Traductions de cette page"
-

Index: philosophy/po/why-free.fr.po
===================================================================
RCS file: /web/www/www/philosophy/po/why-free.fr.po,v
retrieving revision 1.6
retrieving revision 1.7
diff -u -b -r1.6 -r1.7
--- philosophy/po/why-free.fr.po        29 Nov 2009 17:55:32 -0000      1.6
+++ philosophy/po/why-free.fr.po        30 Nov 2009 21:27:04 -0000      1.7
@@ -16,288 +16,653 @@
 "Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit\n"
 
 # type: Content of: <title>
-msgid "Why Software Should Not Have Owners - GNU Project - Free Software 
Foundation (FSF)"
-msgstr "Pourquoi les logiciels ne doivent pas avoir de propri&eacute;taire - 
GNU Project - Free Software Foundation (FSF)"
+msgid ""
+"Why Software Should Not Have Owners - GNU Project - Free Software Foundation "
+"(FSF)"
+msgstr ""
+"Pourquoi les logiciels ne doivent pas avoir de propri&eacute;taire - GNU "
+"Project - Free Software Foundation (FSF)"
 
 # type: Attribute 'content' of: <meta>
-msgid "GNU, GNU Project, FSF, Free Software, Free Software Foundation, Why 
Software Should Not Have Owners"
-msgstr "GNU, Projet GNU, FSF, logiciel libre, Free Software Foundation, 
Pourquoi les logiciels ne doivent pas avoir de propri&eacute;taire"
+msgid ""
+"GNU, GNU Project, FSF, Free Software, Free Software Foundation, Why Software "
+"Should Not Have Owners"
+msgstr ""
+"GNU, Projet GNU, FSF, logiciel libre, Free Software Foundation, Pourquoi les "
+"logiciels ne doivent pas avoir de propri&eacute;taire"
 
 # type: Content of: <h2>
 msgid "Why Software Should Not Have Owners"
 msgstr "Pourquoi les logiciels ne doivent pas avoir de propri&eacute;taire"
 
 # type: Content of: <p>
-msgid "by <a href=\"http://www.stallman.org/\";><strong>Richard 
Stallman</strong></a>"
-msgstr "par <a href=\"http://www.stallman.org/\";><strong>Richard 
Stallman</strong></a>"
-
-# type: Content of: <p>
-msgid "Digital information technology contributes to the world by making it 
easier to copy and modify information.  Computers promise to make this easier 
for all of us."
-msgstr "Les techniques num&eacute;riques de l'information contribuent &agrave; 
l'int&eacute;r&ecirc;t g&eacute;n&eacute;ral en rendant plus commodes la copie 
et la modification de l'information. Les ordinateurs apportent la promesse de 
faciliter ces op&eacute;rations pour tous."
-
-# type: Content of: <p>
-msgid "Not everyone wants it to be easier.  The system of copyright gives 
software programs &ldquo;owners&rdquo;, most of whom aim to withhold software's 
potential benefit from the rest of the public.  They would like to be the only 
ones who can copy and modify the software that we use."
-msgstr "Tout le monde ne veut pas de cette simplification. Le syst&egrave;me 
du droit de copie attribue aux programmes informatiques des 
&laquo;&nbsp;propri&eacute;taires&nbsp;&raquo;, qui pour la plupart souhaitent 
en garder pour eux les b&eacute;n&eacute;fices potentiels et non les ouvrir au 
public. Ils veulent &ecirc;tre seuls &agrave; pouvoir copier et modifier les 
logiciels que nous utilisons."
-
-# type: Content of: <p>
-#| msgid ""
-#| "The copyright system grew up with printing&mdash;a technology for mass "
-#| "production copying.  Copyright fit in well with this technology because "
-#| "it restricted only the mass producers of copies.  It did not take freedom "
-#| "away from readers of books.  An ordinary reader, who did not own a "
-#| "printing press, could copy books only with pen and ink, and few readers "
-#| "were sued for that."
-msgid "The copyright system grew up with printing&mdash;a technology for 
mass-production copying.  Copyright fit in well with this technology because it 
restricted only the mass producers of copies.  It did not take freedom away 
from readers of books.  An ordinary reader, who did not own a printing press, 
could copy books only with pen and ink, and few readers were sued for that."
-msgstr "Le syst&egrave;me du droit d'auteur s'est d&eacute;velopp&eacute; en 
m&ecirc;me temps que l'imprimerie, une technique de copie &agrave; grande 
&eacute;chelle. Le droit d'auteur &eacute;tait adapt&eacute; &agrave; cette 
technologie parce qu'il ne limitait que la copie &agrave; grande 
&eacute;chelle. Il ne privait pas les lecteurs de livres de leurs 
libert&eacute;s : le lecteur moyen ne poss&eacute;dait pas de presse &agrave; 
imprimer, et il pouvait recopier des livres avec sa plume et son encrier, et 
peu de lecteurs furent prousuivis pour cela."
-
-# type: Content of: <p>
-msgid "Digital technology is more flexible than the printing press: when 
information has digital form, you can easily copy it to share it with others.  
This very flexibility makes a bad fit with a system like copyright.  That's the 
reason for the increasingly nasty and draconian measures now used to enforce 
software copyright.  Consider these four practices of the Software Publishers 
Association (SPA):"
-msgstr "Les techniques num&eacute;riques sont plus souples que la presse 
d'imprimerie. Une fois sous forme num&eacute;rique, il devient facile de 
recopier l'information pour en faire profiter d'autres personnes. Cette 
souplesse place le support num&eacute;rique en porte-&agrave;-faux dans un 
syst&egrave;me comme le droit de copie. C'est pour cette raison que de plus en 
plus souvent des mesures s&eacute;v&egrave;res et d&eacute;sagr&eacute;ables 
sont prises afin de renforcer le droit de copie pour les logiciels. Par exemple 
les quatre pratiques suivantes de l'Association des &Eacute;diteurs de 
Logiciels (Software Publishers Association, SPA)&nbsp;:"
+msgid ""
+"by <a href=\"http://www.stallman.org/\";><strong>Richard Stallman</strong></a>"
+msgstr ""
+"par <a href=\"http://www.stallman.org/\";><strong>Richard Stallman</strong></"
+"a>"
+
+# type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"Digital information technology contributes to the world by making it easier "
+"to copy and modify information.  Computers promise to make this easier for "
+"all of us."
+msgstr ""
+"Les techniques num&eacute;riques de l'information contribuent &agrave; "
+"l'int&eacute;r&ecirc;t g&eacute;n&eacute;ral en rendant plus commodes la "
+"copie et la modification de l'information. Les ordinateurs apportent la "
+"promesse de faciliter ces op&eacute;rations pour tous."
+
+# type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"Not everyone wants it to be easier.  The system of copyright gives software "
+"programs &ldquo;owners&rdquo;, most of whom aim to withhold software's "
+"potential benefit from the rest of the public.  They would like to be the "
+"only ones who can copy and modify the software that we use."
+msgstr ""
+"Tout le monde ne veut pas de cette simplification. Le syst&egrave;me du "
+"droit de copie attribue aux programmes informatiques des &laquo;&nbsp;"
+"propri&eacute;taires&nbsp;&raquo;, qui pour la plupart souhaitent en garder "
+"pour eux les b&eacute;n&eacute;fices potentiels et non les ouvrir au public. "
+"Ils veulent &ecirc;tre seuls &agrave; pouvoir copier et modifier les "
+"logiciels que nous utilisons."
+
+# type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"The copyright system grew up with printing&mdash;a technology for mass-"
+"production copying.  Copyright fit in well with this technology because it "
+"restricted only the mass producers of copies.  It did not take freedom away "
+"from readers of books.  An ordinary reader, who did not own a printing "
+"press, could copy books only with pen and ink, and few readers were sued for "
+"that."
+msgstr ""
+"Le syst&egrave;me du droit d'auteur s'est d&eacute;velopp&eacute; en m&ecirc;"
+"me temps que l'imprimerie, une technique de copie &agrave; grande &eacute;"
+"chelle. Le droit d'auteur &eacute;tait adapt&eacute; &agrave; cette "
+"technologie parce qu'il ne limitait que la copie &agrave; grande &eacute;"
+"chelle. Il ne privait pas les lecteurs de livres de leurs libert&eacute;s : "
+"le lecteur moyen ne poss&eacute;dait pas de presse &agrave; imprimer, et il "
+"pouvait recopier des livres avec sa plume et son encrier, et peu de lecteurs "
+"furent prousuivis pour cela."
+
+# type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"Digital technology is more flexible than the printing press: when "
+"information has digital form, you can easily copy it to share it with "
+"others.  This very flexibility makes a bad fit with a system like "
+"copyright.  That's the reason for the increasingly nasty and draconian "
+"measures now used to enforce software copyright.  Consider these four "
+"practices of the Software Publishers Association (SPA):"
+msgstr ""
+"Les techniques num&eacute;riques sont plus souples que la presse "
+"d'imprimerie. Une fois sous forme num&eacute;rique, il devient facile de "
+"recopier l'information pour en faire profiter d'autres personnes. Cette "
+"souplesse place le support num&eacute;rique en porte-&agrave;-faux dans un "
+"syst&egrave;me comme le droit de copie. C'est pour cette raison que de plus "
+"en plus souvent des mesures s&eacute;v&egrave;res et d&eacute;sagr&eacute;"
+"ables sont prises afin de renforcer le droit de copie pour les logiciels. "
+"Par exemple les quatre pratiques suivantes de l'Association des &Eacute;"
+"diteurs de Logiciels (Software Publishers Association, SPA)&nbsp;:"
 
 # type: Content of: <ul><li>
-msgid "Massive propaganda saying it is wrong to disobey the owners to help 
your friend."
-msgstr "Une propagande massive clamant qu'il est mal de d&eacute;sob&eacute;ir 
aux propri&eacute;taires afin d'aider ses amis."
+msgid ""
+"Massive propaganda saying it is wrong to disobey the owners to help your "
+"friend."
+msgstr ""
+"Une propagande massive clamant qu'il est mal de d&eacute;sob&eacute;ir aux "
+"propri&eacute;taires afin d'aider ses amis."
 
 # type: Content of: <ul><li>
-msgid "Solicitation for stool pigeons to inform on their coworkers and 
colleagues."
-msgstr "Une incitation &agrave; la d&eacute;nonciation de ses camarades ou de 
ses coll&egrave;gues."
+msgid ""
+"Solicitation for stool pigeons to inform on their coworkers and colleagues."
+msgstr ""
+"Une incitation &agrave; la d&eacute;nonciation de ses camarades ou de ses "
+"coll&egrave;gues."
 
 # type: Content of: <ul><li>
-msgid "Raids (with police help) on offices and schools, in which people are 
told they must prove they are innocent of illegal copying."
-msgstr "Des visites surprises, avec l'aide de la police, dans les bureaux et 
dans les &eacute;coles, au cours desquelles on exige des personnes la preuve 
qu'elles sont innocentes du d&eacute;lit de copie ill&eacute;gale."
+msgid ""
+"Raids (with police help) on offices and schools, in which people are told "
+"they must prove they are innocent of illegal copying."
+msgstr ""
+"Des visites surprises, avec l'aide de la police, dans les bureaux et dans "
+"les &eacute;coles, au cours desquelles on exige des personnes la preuve "
+"qu'elles sont innocentes du d&eacute;lit de copie ill&eacute;gale."
 
 # type: Content of: <ul><li>
-msgid "Prosecution (by the US government, at the SPA's request)  of people 
such as <abbr title=\"Massachusetts Institute of Technology\">MIT</abbr>'s 
David LaMacchia, not for copying software (he is not accused of copying any), 
but merely for leaving copying facilities unguarded and failing to censor their 
use."
-msgstr "Des poursuites men&eacute;es par le gouvernement am&eacute;ricain 
&agrave; la demande de la SPA, &agrave; l'encontre de personnes comme David 
LaMacchia, du <abbr title=\"Massachusetts Institute of 
Technology\">M.I.T.</abbr>, non pour avoir recopi&eacute; un logiciel, mais 
simplement pour avoir laiss&eacute; des moyens de recopie sans surveillance et 
ne pas avoir r&eacute;ussi &agrave; en emp&ecirc;cher l'utilisation."
-
-# type: Content of: <p>
-msgid "All four practices resemble those used in the former Soviet Union, 
where every copying machine had a guard to prevent forbidden copying, and where 
individuals had to copy information secretly and pass it from hand to hand as 
&ldquo;samizdat&rdquo;.  There is of course a difference: the motive for 
information control in the Soviet Union was political; in the US the motive is 
profit.  But it is the actions that affect us, not the motive.  Any attempt to 
block the sharing of information, no matter why, leads to the same methods and 
the same harshness."
-msgstr "Ces pratiques rappellent toutes les quatre celles de l'ancienne Union 
Sovi&eacute;tique. Sous ce r&eacute;gime &agrave; pr&eacute;sent aboli, chaque 
photocopieuse &eacute;tait gard&eacute;e pour emp&ecirc;cher la copie 
interdite, et les individus &eacute;taient oblig&eacute;s de recopier 
l'information en secret et de la diffuser de la main &agrave; la main sous 
forme de &laquo;&nbsp;samizdats&nbsp;&raquo;. &Eacute;videmment, les motifs de 
cette restriction n'&eacute;taient pas les m&ecirc;mes : en Union 
Sovi&eacute;tique ils &eacute;taient politiques, aux &Eacute;tats-Unis c'est le 
profit. Mais ce sont les mesures qui nous affectent, et non pas les motifs. 
Toute tentative de blocage de la diffusion de l'information pour quelque raison 
que ce soit conduit aux m&ecirc;mes m&eacute;thodes et &agrave; la m&ecirc;me 
brutalit&eacute;."
-
-# type: Content of: <p>
-msgid "Owners make several kinds of arguments for giving them the power to 
control how we use information:"
-msgstr "Les propri&eacute;taires ont invent&eacute; divers arguments pour 
justifier leur prise de contr&ocirc;le de la mani&egrave;re dont nous utilisons 
l'information&nbsp;:"
+msgid ""
+"Prosecution (by the US government, at the SPA's request)  of people such as "
+"<abbr title=\"Massachusetts Institute of Technology\">MIT</abbr>'s David "
+"LaMacchia, not for copying software (he is not accused of copying any), but "
+"merely for leaving copying facilities unguarded and failing to censor their "
+"use."
+msgstr ""
+"Des poursuites men&eacute;es par le gouvernement am&eacute;ricain &agrave; "
+"la demande de la SPA, &agrave; l'encontre de personnes comme David "
+"LaMacchia, du <abbr title=\"Massachusetts Institute of Technology\">M.I.T.</"
+"abbr>, non pour avoir recopi&eacute; un logiciel, mais simplement pour avoir "
+"laiss&eacute; des moyens de recopie sans surveillance et ne pas avoir "
+"r&eacute;ussi &agrave; en emp&ecirc;cher l'utilisation."
+
+# type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"All four practices resemble those used in the former Soviet Union, where "
+"every copying machine had a guard to prevent forbidden copying, and where "
+"individuals had to copy information secretly and pass it from hand to hand "
+"as &ldquo;samizdat&rdquo;.  There is of course a difference: the motive for "
+"information control in the Soviet Union was political; in the US the motive "
+"is profit.  But it is the actions that affect us, not the motive.  Any "
+"attempt to block the sharing of information, no matter why, leads to the "
+"same methods and the same harshness."
+msgstr ""
+"Ces pratiques rappellent toutes les quatre celles de l'ancienne Union "
+"Sovi&eacute;tique. Sous ce r&eacute;gime &agrave; pr&eacute;sent aboli, "
+"chaque photocopieuse &eacute;tait gard&eacute;e pour emp&ecirc;cher la copie "
+"interdite, et les individus &eacute;taient oblig&eacute;s de recopier "
+"l'information en secret et de la diffuser de la main &agrave; la main sous "
+"forme de &laquo;&nbsp;samizdats&nbsp;&raquo;. &Eacute;videmment, les motifs "
+"de cette restriction n'&eacute;taient pas les m&ecirc;mes : en Union "
+"Sovi&eacute;tique ils &eacute;taient politiques, aux &Eacute;tats-Unis c'est "
+"le profit. Mais ce sont les mesures qui nous affectent, et non pas les "
+"motifs. Toute tentative de blocage de la diffusion de l'information pour "
+"quelque raison que ce soit conduit aux m&ecirc;mes m&eacute;thodes et "
+"&agrave; la m&ecirc;me brutalit&eacute;."
+
+# type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"Owners make several kinds of arguments for giving them the power to control "
+"how we use information:"
+msgstr ""
+"Les propri&eacute;taires ont invent&eacute; divers arguments pour justifier "
+"leur prise de contr&ocirc;le de la mani&egrave;re dont nous utilisons "
+"l'information&nbsp;:"
 
 # type: Content of: <ul><li>
 msgid "Name calling."
 msgstr "Les insultes."
 
 # type: Content of: <ul><li><p>
-msgid "Owners use smear words such as &ldquo;piracy&rdquo; and 
&ldquo;theft&rdquo;, as well as expert terminology such as &ldquo;intellectual 
property&rdquo; and &ldquo;damage&rdquo;, to suggest a certain line of thinking 
to the public&mdash;a simplistic analogy between programs and physical objects."
-msgstr "Les propri&eacute;taires emploient des expressions p&eacute;joratives 
comme &laquo;&nbsp;pirate&nbsp;&raquo; ou &laquo;&nbsp;vol&nbsp;&raquo; en les 
associant &agrave; une terminologie plus technique comme 
&laquo;&nbsp;propri&eacute;t&eacute; intellectuelle&nbsp;&raquo; ou 
&laquo;&nbsp;pr&eacute;judice&nbsp;&raquo;. Ils conduisent ainsi le public 
&agrave; penser comme ils le veulent, par une analogie simpliste entre les 
programmes d'ordinateurs et les objets du monde physique."
-
-# type: Content of: <ul><li><p>
-msgid "Our ideas and intuitions about property for material objects are about 
whether it is right to <em>take an object away</em> from someone else.  They 
don't directly apply to <em>making a copy</em> of something.  But the owners 
ask us to apply them anyway."
-msgstr "Nos id&eacute;es et nos intuitions sur la propri&eacute;t&eacute; des 
objets mat&eacute;riels se rapportent &agrave; la question de savoir s'il est 
juste d'<em>emporter un objet</em> qui appartient &agrave; quelqu'un d'autre. 
Elles ne s'appliquent pas directement &agrave; la <em>recopie</em> de quelque 
chose. Mais les propri&eacute;taires nous demandent de les appliquer quand 
m&ecirc;me."
+msgid ""
+"Owners use smear words such as &ldquo;piracy&rdquo; and &ldquo;theft&rdquo;, "
+"as well as expert terminology such as &ldquo;intellectual property&rdquo; "
+"and &ldquo;damage&rdquo;, to suggest a certain line of thinking to the "
+"public&mdash;a simplistic analogy between programs and physical objects."
+msgstr ""
+"Les propri&eacute;taires emploient des expressions p&eacute;joratives comme "
+"&laquo;&nbsp;pirate&nbsp;&raquo; ou &laquo;&nbsp;vol&nbsp;&raquo; en les "
+"associant &agrave; une terminologie plus technique comme &laquo;&nbsp;"
+"propri&eacute;t&eacute; intellectuelle&nbsp;&raquo; ou &laquo;&nbsp;"
+"pr&eacute;judice&nbsp;&raquo;. Ils conduisent ainsi le public &agrave; "
+"penser comme ils le veulent, par une analogie simpliste entre les programmes "
+"d'ordinateurs et les objets du monde physique."
+
+# type: Content of: <ul><li><p>
+msgid ""
+"Our ideas and intuitions about property for material objects are about "
+"whether it is right to <em>take an object away</em> from someone else.  They "
+"don't directly apply to <em>making a copy</em> of something.  But the owners "
+"ask us to apply them anyway."
+msgstr ""
+"Nos id&eacute;es et nos intuitions sur la propri&eacute;t&eacute; des objets "
+"mat&eacute;riels se rapportent &agrave; la question de savoir s'il est juste "
+"d'<em>emporter un objet</em> qui appartient &agrave; quelqu'un d'autre. "
+"Elles ne s'appliquent pas directement &agrave; la <em>recopie</em> de "
+"quelque chose. Mais les propri&eacute;taires nous demandent de les appliquer "
+"quand m&ecirc;me."
 
 # type: Content of: <ul><li>
 msgid "Exaggeration."
 msgstr "L'exag&eacute;ration."
 
 # type: Content of: <ul><li><p>
-msgid "Owners say that they suffer &ldquo;harm&rdquo; or &ldquo;economic 
loss&rdquo; when users copy programs themselves.  But the copying has no direct 
effect on the owner, and it harms no one.  The owner can lose only if the 
person who made the copy would otherwise have paid for one from the owner."
-msgstr "Les propri&eacute;taires disent subir des 
&laquo;&nbsp;dommages&nbsp;&raquo; ou des &laquo;&nbsp;pertes 
&eacute;conomiques&nbsp;&raquo; du fait que les utilisateurs recopient 
eux-m&ecirc;mes les programmes. Pourtant le fait de la copie n'a aucun effet 
direct pour le propri&eacute;taire et ne fait de mal &agrave; personne. Le 
propri&eacute;taire ne subit une perte que dans la mesure o&ugrave; la personne 
qui fait cette copie aurait &eacute;t&eacute; pr&ecirc;te &agrave; payer au 
propri&eacute;taire le prix d'un autre exemplaire."
-
-# type: Content of: <ul><li><p>
-msgid "A little thought shows that most such people would not have bought 
copies.  Yet the owners compute their &ldquo;losses&rdquo; as if each and every 
one would have bought a copy.  That is exaggeration&mdash;to put it kindly."
-msgstr "Or en y r&eacute;fl&eacute;chissant un petit peu, on conclut vite que 
la plupart de ces personnes n'auraient pas achet&eacute; le logiciel. Ce qui 
n'emp&ecirc;che nullement les propri&eacute;taires de calculer leurs 
&laquo;&nbsp;pertes&nbsp;&raquo; comme si toutes ces personnes avaient 
&eacute;t&eacute; des acheteurs potentiels. Le moins qu'on puisse dire c'est 
qu'ils exag&egrave;rent."
+msgid ""
+"Owners say that they suffer &ldquo;harm&rdquo; or &ldquo;economic "
+"loss&rdquo; when users copy programs themselves.  But the copying has no "
+"direct effect on the owner, and it harms no one.  The owner can lose only if "
+"the person who made the copy would otherwise have paid for one from the "
+"owner."
+msgstr ""
+"Les propri&eacute;taires disent subir des &laquo;&nbsp;dommages&nbsp;&raquo; "
+"ou des &laquo;&nbsp;pertes &eacute;conomiques&nbsp;&raquo; du fait que les "
+"utilisateurs recopient eux-m&ecirc;mes les programmes. Pourtant le fait de "
+"la copie n'a aucun effet direct pour le propri&eacute;taire et ne fait de "
+"mal &agrave; personne. Le propri&eacute;taire ne subit une perte que dans la "
+"mesure o&ugrave; la personne qui fait cette copie aurait &eacute;t&eacute; "
+"pr&ecirc;te &agrave; payer au propri&eacute;taire le prix d'un autre "
+"exemplaire."
+
+# type: Content of: <ul><li><p>
+msgid ""
+"A little thought shows that most such people would not have bought copies.  "
+"Yet the owners compute their &ldquo;losses&rdquo; as if each and every one "
+"would have bought a copy.  That is exaggeration&mdash;to put it kindly."
+msgstr ""
+"Or en y r&eacute;fl&eacute;chissant un petit peu, on conclut vite que la "
+"plupart de ces personnes n'auraient pas achet&eacute; le logiciel. Ce qui "
+"n'emp&ecirc;che nullement les propri&eacute;taires de calculer leurs &laquo;"
+"&nbsp;pertes&nbsp;&raquo; comme si toutes ces personnes avaient &eacute;"
+"t&eacute; des acheteurs potentiels. Le moins qu'on puisse dire c'est qu'ils "
+"exag&egrave;rent."
 
 # type: Content of: <ul><li>
 msgid "The law."
 msgstr "Le droit."
 
 # type: Content of: <ul><li><p>
-msgid "Owners often describe the current state of the law, and the harsh 
penalties they can threaten us with.  Implicit in this approach is the 
suggestion that today's law reflects an unquestionable view of 
morality&mdash;yet at the same time, we are urged to regard these penalties as 
facts of nature that can't be blamed on anyone."
-msgstr "Les propri&eacute;taires parlent souvent des dispositions 
l&eacute;gales et des p&eacute;nalit&eacute;s dont ils peuvent nous menacer. 
Implicitement, ils veulent nous dire l&agrave; que les lois d'aujourd'hui 
refl&egrave;tent un point de vue moral incontestable, et en m&ecirc;me temps 
nous invitent &agrave; consid&eacute;rer les p&eacute;nalit&eacute;s encourues 
comme des faits de nature, dont personne ne porte la responsabilit&eacute;."
-
-# type: Content of: <ul><li><p>
-msgid "This line of persuasion isn't designed to stand up to critical 
thinking; it's intended to reinforce a habitual mental pathway."
-msgstr "Ce type d'argumentation n'a pas &eacute;t&eacute; taill&eacute; pour 
r&eacute;sister au raisonnement critique mais pour venir renforcer une 
pens&eacute;e routini&egrave;re."
-
-# type: Content of: <ul><li><p>
-#| msgid ""
-#| "It's elementary that laws don't decide right and wrong.  Every American "
-#| "should know that, forty years ago, it was against the law in many states "
-#| "for a black person to sit in the front of a bus; but only racists would "
-#| "say sitting there was wrong."
-msgid "It's elementary that laws don't decide right and wrong.  Every American 
should know that, in the 1950s, it was against the law in many states for a 
black person to sit in the front of a bus; but only racists would say sitting 
there was wrong."
-msgstr "En aucune fa&ccedil;on les lois ne sont des arbitres du bien et du 
mal. Tout Am&eacute;ricain devrait savoir que dans les années 1950, dans de 
nombreux &Eacute;tats, il &eacute;tait ill&eacute;gal pour un Noir de s'asseoir 
&agrave; l'avant d'un autobus. Cependant seuls les racistes diront que 
c'&eacute;tait mal de le faire."
+msgid ""
+"Owners often describe the current state of the law, and the harsh penalties "
+"they can threaten us with.  Implicit in this approach is the suggestion that "
+"today's law reflects an unquestionable view of morality&mdash;yet at the "
+"same time, we are urged to regard these penalties as facts of nature that "
+"can't be blamed on anyone."
+msgstr ""
+"Les propri&eacute;taires parlent souvent des dispositions l&eacute;gales et "
+"des p&eacute;nalit&eacute;s dont ils peuvent nous menacer. Implicitement, "
+"ils veulent nous dire l&agrave; que les lois d'aujourd'hui refl&egrave;tent "
+"un point de vue moral incontestable, et en m&ecirc;me temps nous invitent "
+"&agrave; consid&eacute;rer les p&eacute;nalit&eacute;s encourues comme des "
+"faits de nature, dont personne ne porte la responsabilit&eacute;."
+
+# type: Content of: <ul><li><p>
+msgid ""
+"This line of persuasion isn't designed to stand up to critical thinking; "
+"it's intended to reinforce a habitual mental pathway."
+msgstr ""
+"Ce type d'argumentation n'a pas &eacute;t&eacute; taill&eacute; pour "
+"r&eacute;sister au raisonnement critique mais pour venir renforcer une "
+"pens&eacute;e routini&egrave;re."
+
+# type: Content of: <ul><li><p>
+msgid ""
+"It's elementary that laws don't decide right and wrong.  Every American "
+"should know that, in the 1950s, it was against the law in many states for a "
+"black person to sit in the front of a bus; but only racists would say "
+"sitting there was wrong."
+msgstr ""
+"En aucune fa&ccedil;on les lois ne sont des arbitres du bien et du mal. Tout "
+"Am&eacute;ricain devrait savoir que dans les années 1950, dans de nombreux "
+"&Eacute;tats, il &eacute;tait ill&eacute;gal pour un Noir de s'asseoir "
+"&agrave; l'avant d'un autobus. Cependant seuls les racistes diront que "
+"c'&eacute;tait mal de le faire."
 
 # type: Content of: <ul><li>
 msgid "Natural rights."
 msgstr "Les droits naturels."
 
 # type: Content of: <ul><li><p>
-msgid "Authors often claim a special connection with programs they have 
written, and go on to assert that, as a result, their desires and interests 
concerning the program simply outweigh those of anyone else&mdash;or even those 
of the whole rest of the world.  (Typically companies, not authors, hold the 
copyrights on software, but we are expected to ignore this discrepancy.)"
-msgstr "Souvent les auteurs revendiquent leur attachement affectif aux 
programmes qu'ils ont &eacute;crits et nous en font d&eacute;duire que leurs 
d&eacute;sirs et leurs int&eacute;r&ecirc;ts au sujet de ces programmes sont 
plus importants que ceux de toutes les autres personnes, plus importants 
m&ecirc;me que ceux du monde entier. Il faut ici remarquer que la plupart du 
temps ce sont les soci&eacute;t&eacute;s et non les auteurs qui 
d&eacute;tiennent les droits de copie sur les logiciels, mais nous sommes 
cens&eacute;s n&eacute;gliger cette incoh&eacute;rence."
-
-# type: Content of: <ul><li><p>
-msgid "To those who propose this as an ethical axiom&mdash;the author is more 
important than you&mdash;I can only say that I, a notable software author 
myself, call it bunk."
-msgstr "&Agrave; ceux qui &eacute;noncent comme un axiome moral l'id&eacute;e 
que l'auteur est plus important que le public, je peux seulement 
r&eacute;pondre que pour ma part, bien qu'auteur de logiciels tr&egrave;s 
connu, je dis que c'est du chiqu&eacute;."
-
-# type: Content of: <ul><li><p>
-msgid "But people in general are only likely to feel any sympathy with the 
natural rights claims for two reasons."
-msgstr "Si les gens ont tellement tendance &agrave; sympathiser avec les 
arguments du type &laquo;&nbsp;droits naturels&nbsp;&raquo;, c'est 
g&eacute;n&eacute;ralement pour l'une des deux raisons suivantes."
-
-# type: Content of: <ul><li><p>
-#| msgid ""
-#| "One reason is an overstretched analogy with material objects.  When I "
-#| "cook spaghetti, I do object if someone else eats it, because then I "
-#| "cannot eat it.  His action hurts me exactly as much as it benefits him; "
-#| "only one of us can eat the spaghetti, so the question is, which? The "
-#| "smallest distinction between us is enough to tip the ethical balance."
-msgid "One reason is an overstretched analogy with material objects.  When I 
cook spaghetti, I do object if someone else eats it, because then I cannot eat 
it.  His action hurts me exactly as much as it benefits him; only one of us can 
eat the spaghetti, so the question is, which one? The smallest distinction 
between us is enough to tip the ethical balance."
-msgstr "La premi&egrave;re de ces raisons repose sur une analogie abusive avec 
les objets mat&eacute;riels. Si je pr&eacute;pare un plat de spaghetti, cela ne 
me va pas me convenir que quelqu'un d'autre que moi les mange, parce qu'alors 
je ne pourrai plus les manger moi-m&ecirc;me. En mangeant mes spaghetti, 
l'autre personne me cause un dommage dans l'exacte mesure de son 
b&eacute;n&eacute;fice &agrave; elle. D'elle ou de moi, une seule personne peut 
avoir les spaghetti, la question est de savoir qui. La plus petite distinction 
entre nous deux suffit &agrave; faire pencher la balance morale."
-
-# type: Content of: <ul><li><p>
-msgid "But whether you run or change a program I wrote affects you directly 
and me only indirectly.  Whether you give a copy to your friend affects you and 
your friend much more than it affects me.  I shouldn't have the power to tell 
you not to do these things.  No one should."
-msgstr "Mais le cas d'un programme que j'ai &eacute;crit est tr&egrave;s 
diff&eacute;rent. Si vous le faites fonctionner ou si vous le modifiez, cela 
vous profite directement mais ne m'affecte que d'une mani&egrave;re indirecte. 
Le fait que vous en donniez ou non une copie &agrave; un ami vous profite 
beaucoup plus, &agrave; vous et &agrave; votre ami, qu'il ne me d&eacute;range, 
moi. Il ne faut pas que j'aie le pouvoir de vous en emp&ecirc;cher. Personne ne 
doit avoir ce pouvoir."
-
-# type: Content of: <ul><li><p>
-msgid "The second reason is that people have been told that natural rights for 
authors is the accepted and unquestioned tradition of our society."
-msgstr "Deuxi&egrave;mement, les gens ont entendu dire que les droits naturels 
des auteurs constituaient une tradition universellement accept&eacute;e et 
jamais remise en question par notre soci&eacute;t&eacute;."
-
-# type: Content of: <ul><li><p>
-msgid "As a matter of history, the opposite is true.  The idea of natural 
rights of authors was proposed and decisively rejected when the US Constitution 
was drawn up.  That's why the Constitution only <em>permits</em> a system of 
copyright and does not <em>require</em> one; that's why it says that copyright 
must be temporary.  It also states that the purpose of copyright is to promote 
progress&mdash;not to reward authors.  Copyright does reward authors somewhat, 
and publishers more, but that is intended as a means of modifying their 
behavior."
-msgstr "Pourtant historiquement c'est l'inverse qui est vrai. Au moment de la 
r&eacute;daction de la Constitution des &Eacute;tats-Unis, l'id&eacute;e de 
droits naturels pour les auteurs fut propos&eacute;e mais finalement 
rejet&eacute;e. C'est pourquoi la Constitution se borne &agrave; 
<em>autoriser</em> les syst&egrave;mes de droit de copie, sans toutefois les 
rendre <em>obligatoires</em>. La Constitution &eacute;nonce aussi que de tels 
syt&egrave;mes doivent &ecirc;tre temporaires, que leur but est de favoriser le 
progr&egrave;s et non pas de r&eacute;compenser les auteurs. Le droit de copie 
r&eacute;compense certes les auteurs, et les &eacute;diteurs encore plus, mais 
toujours en tant que moyen d'infl&eacute;chir leur comportement."
-
-# type: Content of: <ul><li><p>
-msgid "The real established tradition of our society is that copyright cuts 
into the natural rights of the public&mdash;and that this can only be justified 
for the public's sake."
-msgstr "La v&eacute;ritable tradition de notre soci&eacute;t&eacute;, c'est 
que le droit d'auteur empi&egrave;te sur les droits naturels du public et ne 
peut se justifier que dans l'int&eacute;r&ecirc;t de ce m&ecirc;me public."
+msgid ""
+"Authors often claim a special connection with programs they have written, "
+"and go on to assert that, as a result, their desires and interests "
+"concerning the program simply outweigh those of anyone else&mdash;or even "
+"those of the whole rest of the world.  (Typically companies, not authors, "
+"hold the copyrights on software, but we are expected to ignore this "
+"discrepancy.)"
+msgstr ""
+"Souvent les auteurs revendiquent leur attachement affectif aux programmes "
+"qu'ils ont &eacute;crits et nous en font d&eacute;duire que leurs d&eacute;"
+"sirs et leurs int&eacute;r&ecirc;ts au sujet de ces programmes sont plus "
+"importants que ceux de toutes les autres personnes, plus importants m&ecirc;"
+"me que ceux du monde entier. Il faut ici remarquer que la plupart du temps "
+"ce sont les soci&eacute;t&eacute;s et non les auteurs qui d&eacute;tiennent "
+"les droits de copie sur les logiciels, mais nous sommes cens&eacute;s "
+"n&eacute;gliger cette incoh&eacute;rence."
+
+# type: Content of: <ul><li><p>
+msgid ""
+"To those who propose this as an ethical axiom&mdash;the author is more "
+"important than you&mdash;I can only say that I, a notable software author "
+"myself, call it bunk."
+msgstr ""
+"&Agrave; ceux qui &eacute;noncent comme un axiome moral l'id&eacute;e que "
+"l'auteur est plus important que le public, je peux seulement r&eacute;pondre "
+"que pour ma part, bien qu'auteur de logiciels tr&egrave;s connu, je dis que "
+"c'est du chiqu&eacute;."
+
+# type: Content of: <ul><li><p>
+msgid ""
+"But people in general are only likely to feel any sympathy with the natural "
+"rights claims for two reasons."
+msgstr ""
+"Si les gens ont tellement tendance &agrave; sympathiser avec les arguments "
+"du type &laquo;&nbsp;droits naturels&nbsp;&raquo;, c'est g&eacute;n&eacute;"
+"ralement pour l'une des deux raisons suivantes."
+
+# type: Content of: <ul><li><p>
+msgid ""
+"One reason is an overstretched analogy with material objects.  When I cook "
+"spaghetti, I do object if someone else eats it, because then I cannot eat "
+"it.  His action hurts me exactly as much as it benefits him; only one of us "
+"can eat the spaghetti, so the question is, which one? The smallest "
+"distinction between us is enough to tip the ethical balance."
+msgstr ""
+"La premi&egrave;re de ces raisons repose sur une analogie abusive avec les "
+"objets mat&eacute;riels. Si je pr&eacute;pare un plat de spaghetti, cela ne "
+"me va pas me convenir que quelqu'un d'autre que moi les mange, parce "
+"qu'alors je ne pourrai plus les manger moi-m&ecirc;me. En mangeant mes "
+"spaghetti, l'autre personne me cause un dommage dans l'exacte mesure de son "
+"b&eacute;n&eacute;fice &agrave; elle. D'elle ou de moi, une seule personne "
+"peut avoir les spaghetti, la question est de savoir qui. La plus petite "
+"distinction entre nous deux suffit &agrave; faire pencher la balance morale."
+
+# type: Content of: <ul><li><p>
+msgid ""
+"But whether you run or change a program I wrote affects you directly and me "
+"only indirectly.  Whether you give a copy to your friend affects you and "
+"your friend much more than it affects me.  I shouldn't have the power to "
+"tell you not to do these things.  No one should."
+msgstr ""
+"Mais le cas d'un programme que j'ai &eacute;crit est tr&egrave;s diff&eacute;"
+"rent. Si vous le faites fonctionner ou si vous le modifiez, cela vous "
+"profite directement mais ne m'affecte que d'une mani&egrave;re indirecte. Le "
+"fait que vous en donniez ou non une copie &agrave; un ami vous profite "
+"beaucoup plus, &agrave; vous et &agrave; votre ami, qu'il ne me d&eacute;"
+"range, moi. Il ne faut pas que j'aie le pouvoir de vous en emp&ecirc;cher. "
+"Personne ne doit avoir ce pouvoir."
+
+# type: Content of: <ul><li><p>
+msgid ""
+"The second reason is that people have been told that natural rights for "
+"authors is the accepted and unquestioned tradition of our society."
+msgstr ""
+"Deuxi&egrave;mement, les gens ont entendu dire que les droits naturels des "
+"auteurs constituaient une tradition universellement accept&eacute;e et "
+"jamais remise en question par notre soci&eacute;t&eacute;."
+
+# type: Content of: <ul><li><p>
+msgid ""
+"As a matter of history, the opposite is true.  The idea of natural rights of "
+"authors was proposed and decisively rejected when the US Constitution was "
+"drawn up.  That's why the Constitution only <em>permits</em> a system of "
+"copyright and does not <em>require</em> one; that's why it says that "
+"copyright must be temporary.  It also states that the purpose of copyright "
+"is to promote progress&mdash;not to reward authors.  Copyright does reward "
+"authors somewhat, and publishers more, but that is intended as a means of "
+"modifying their behavior."
+msgstr ""
+"Pourtant historiquement c'est l'inverse qui est vrai. Au moment de la "
+"r&eacute;daction de la Constitution des &Eacute;tats-Unis, l'id&eacute;e de "
+"droits naturels pour les auteurs fut propos&eacute;e mais finalement "
+"rejet&eacute;e. C'est pourquoi la Constitution se borne &agrave; "
+"<em>autoriser</em> les syst&egrave;mes de droit de copie, sans toutefois les "
+"rendre <em>obligatoires</em>. La Constitution &eacute;nonce aussi que de "
+"tels syt&egrave;mes doivent &ecirc;tre temporaires, que leur but est de "
+"favoriser le progr&egrave;s et non pas de r&eacute;compenser les auteurs. Le "
+"droit de copie r&eacute;compense certes les auteurs, et les &eacute;diteurs "
+"encore plus, mais toujours en tant que moyen d'infl&eacute;chir leur "
+"comportement."
+
+# type: Content of: <ul><li><p>
+msgid ""
+"The real established tradition of our society is that copyright cuts into "
+"the natural rights of the public&mdash;and that this can only be justified "
+"for the public's sake."
+msgstr ""
+"La v&eacute;ritable tradition de notre soci&eacute;t&eacute;, c'est que le "
+"droit d'auteur empi&egrave;te sur les droits naturels du public et ne peut "
+"se justifier que dans l'int&eacute;r&ecirc;t de ce m&ecirc;me public."
 
 # type: Content of: <ul><li>
 msgid "Economics."
 msgstr "L'&Eacute;conomie."
 
 # type: Content of: <ul><li><p>
-msgid "The final argument made for having owners of software is that this 
leads to production of more software."
-msgstr "Finalement, on nous dit qu'il faut aux logiciels des 
propri&eacute;taires parce que cela encourage leur production."
-
-# type: Content of: <ul><li><p>
-msgid "Unlike the others, this argument at least takes a legitimate approach 
to the subject.  It is based on a valid goal&mdash;satisfying the users of 
software.  And it is empirically clear that people will produce more of 
something if they are well paid for doing so."
-msgstr "Contrairement aux autres arguments, celui-ci repose du moins sur une 
approche l&eacute;gitime du sujet. Le but est valable en effet: satisfaire les 
utilisateurs de logiciels. L'exp&eacute;rience montre que les gens produiront 
plus de logiciels s'ils sont mieux pay&eacute;s pour le faire."
-
-# type: Content of: <ul><li><p>
-#| msgid ""
-#| "But the economic argument has a flaw: it is based on the assumption that "
-#| "the difference is only a matter of how much money we have to pay.  It "
-#| "assumes that &ldquo;production of software&rdquo; is what we want, "
-#| "whether the software has owners or not."
-msgid "But the economic argument has a flaw: it is based on the assumption 
that the difference is only a matter of how much money we have to pay.  It 
assumes that <i>production of software</i> is what we want, whether the 
software has owners or not."
-msgstr "Mais cet argument &eacute;conomique a le d&eacute;faut d'&ecirc;tre 
bas&eacute; sur l'hypoth&egrave;se discutable que la diff&eacute;rence se fera 
en fonction de l'argent que nous voulons bien donner. On tient pour acquis que 
ce que nous voulons c'est de la &laquo;&nbsp;production de 
logiciels&nbsp;&raquo;, avec ou sans propri&eacute;taire."
-
-# type: Content of: <ul><li><p>
-#| msgid ""
-#| "People readily accept this assumption because it accords with our "
-#| "experiences with material objects.  Consider a sandwich, for instance.  "
-#| "You might well be able to get an equivalent sandwich either free or for a "
-#| "price.  If so, the amount you pay is the only difference.  Whether or not "
-#| "you have to buy it, the sandwich has the same taste, the same nutritional "
-#| "value, and in either case you can only eat it once.  Whether you get the "
-#| "sandwich from an owner or not cannot directly affect anything but the "
-#| "amount of money you have afterwards."
-msgid "People readily accept this assumption because it accords with our 
experiences with material objects.  Consider a sandwich, for instance.  You 
might well be able to get an equivalent sandwich either gratis or for a price.  
If so, the amount you pay is the only difference.  Whether or not you have to 
buy it, the sandwich has the same taste, the same nutritional value, and in 
either case you can only eat it once.  Whether you get the sandwich from an 
owner or not cannot directly affect anything but the amount of money you have 
afterwards."
-msgstr "Le public accepte facilement cette hypoth&egrave;se parce qu'elle 
correspond &agrave; son exp&eacute;rience des objets mat&eacute;riels. Si nous 
prenons l'exemple du sandwich, on peut sans doute r&eacute;ussir &agrave; en 
trouver deux qui soient identiques, l'un gratuit, l'autre payant. Si c'est le 
cas la somme pay&eacute;e ou non est la seule diff&eacute;rence entre les deux. 
Que vous deviez ou non le payer, le sandwich aura le m&ecirc;me go&ucirc;t, la 
m&ecirc;me valeur nutritive et en tous cas vous ne pourrez le manger qu'une 
seule fois. Le fait le sandwich vous ait &eacute;t&eacute; fourni, ou non, par 
un propri&eacute;taire n'a d'influence directe que sur la somme d'argent dont 
vous disposez par la suite."
-
-# type: Content of: <ul><li><p>
-msgid "This is true for any kind of material object&mdash;whether or not it 
has an owner does not directly affect what it <em>is</em>, or what you can do 
with it if you acquire it."
-msgstr "Ceci est vrai pour tout type d'objet mat&eacute;riel. Le fait qu'ils 
aient ou non un propri&eacute;taire ne change pas leur <em>nature</em>, ni leur 
utilit&eacute; au cas o&ugrave; vous en faites l'acquisition."
-
-# type: Content of: <ul><li><p>
-msgid "But if a program has an owner, this very much affects what it is, and 
what you can do with a copy if you buy one.  The difference is not just a 
matter of money.  The system of owners of software encourages software owners 
to produce something&mdash;but not what society really needs.  And it causes 
intangible ethical pollution that affects us all."
-msgstr "Pour un programme c'est diff&eacute;rent. Le fait qu'il ait un 
propri&eacute;taire modifie nettement sa nature et ce que vous pouvez en faire 
si vous en achetez un exemplaire. Et pas seulement pour une question d'argent, 
car le syst&egrave;me de propri&eacute;taires de logiciels encourage ces 
derniers &agrave; produire un bien qui n'est pas celui dont la 
soci&eacute;t&eacute; a besoin. Il est la cause d'une pollution morale 
imperceptible qui nous affecte tous."
-
-# type: Content of: <p>
-msgid "What does society need? It needs information that is truly available to 
its citizens&mdash;for example, programs that people can read, fix, adapt, and 
improve, not just operate.  But what software owners typically deliver is a 
black box that we can't study or change."
-msgstr "En effet, de quoi la soci&eacute;t&eacute; a-t-elle besoin&nbsp;? 
D'une information vraiment disponible pour ses citoyens. Par exemple, des 
programmes que les gens peuvent r&eacute;parer, modifier, adapter, 
am&eacute;liorer, et pas seulement faire marcher. Or ce que les 
propri&eacute;taires de logiciels livrent g&eacute;n&eacute;ralement est une 
bo&icirc;te noire que personne ne peut &eacute;tudier ni modifier."
-
-# type: Content of: <p>
-msgid "Society also needs freedom.  When a program has an owner, the users 
lose freedom to control part of their own lives."
-msgstr "La soci&eacute;t&eacute; a aussi besoin de libert&eacute;. Quand un 
programme a un propri&eacute;taire, ses utilisateurs perdent la libert&eacute; 
de contr&ocirc;ler un des aspects de leur vie."
-
-# type: Content of: <p>
-#| msgid ""
-#| "And above all society needs to encourage the spirit of voluntary "
-#| "cooperation in its citizens.  When software owners tell us that helping "
-#| "our neighbors in a natural way is &ldquo;piracy&rdquo;, they pollute our "
-#| "society's civic spirit."
-msgid "And, above all, society needs to encourage the spirit of voluntary 
cooperation in its citizens.  When software owners tell us that helping our 
neighbors in a natural way is &ldquo;piracy&rdquo;, they pollute our society's 
civic spirit."
-msgstr "Surtout, la soci&eacute;t&eacute; a besoin d'encourager l'esprit de 
coop&eacute;ration volontaire de ses citoyens. Quand les propri&eacute;taires 
de logiciels qualifient de &laquo;&nbsp;pillage&nbsp;&raquo; le fait d'aider 
notre voisin d'une fa&ccedil;on simple et naturelle, ils polluent l'esprit 
civique de notre soci&eacute;t&eacute;."
-
-# type: Content of: <p>
-msgid "This is why we say that <a href=\"/philosophy/free-sw.html\">free 
software</a> is a matter of freedom, not price."
-msgstr "C'est pourquoi nous disons que le <a 
href=\"/philosophy/free-sw.fr.html\">logiciel libre</a> est une question de 
libert&eacute;, pas de prix."
-
-# type: Content of: <p>
-msgid "The economic argument for owners is erroneous, but the economic issue 
is real.  Some people write useful software for the pleasure of writing it or 
for admiration and love; but if we want more software than those people write, 
we need to raise funds."
-msgstr "L'argument &eacute;conomique des propri&eacute;taires est un faux 
argument, mais le probl&egrave;me &eacute;conomique est un vrai 
probl&egrave;me. Certaines personnes &eacute;crivent des logiciels utiles pour 
le plaisir ou pour conqu&eacute;rir l'admiration et la reconnaissance, mais si 
nous voulons plus de logiciels que ceux que ces personnes &eacute;crivent il 
nous faut r&eacute;colter des fonds."
-
-# type: Content of: <p>
-#| msgid ""
-#| "For ten years now, free software developers have tried various methods of "
-#| "finding funds, with some success.  There's no need to make anyone rich; "
-#| "the median US family income, around $35k, proves to be enough incentive "
-#| "for many jobs that are less satisfying than programming."
-msgid "Since the 1980s, free software developers have tried various methods of 
finding funds, with some success.  There's no need to make anyone rich; a 
typical income is plenty of incentive to do many jobs that are less satisfying 
than programming."
-msgstr "Depuis les années 1980, les d&eacute;veloppeurs de logiciels libres 
essaient, avec un certain succ&egrave;s, diverses m&eacute;thodes pour trouver 
des financements. Il n'est pas indispensable pour cela d'enrichir 
quelqu'un&nbsp;; un revenu moyen a fait la preuve de sa capacit&eacute; 
suffisante comme stimulant pour beaucoup de m&eacute;tiers moins satisfaisants 
que la programmation."
-
-# type: Content of: <p>
-msgid "For years, until a fellowship made it unnecessary, I made a living from 
custom enhancements of the free software I had written.  Each enhancement was 
added to the standard released version and thus eventually became available to 
the general public.  Clients paid me so that I would work on the enhancements 
they wanted, rather than on the features I would otherwise have considered 
highest priority."
-msgstr "Pendant des ann&eacute;es, jusqu'&agrave; ce que la cr&eacute;ation 
d'une association le rende superflu, j'ai gagn&eacute; ma vie avec les 
am&eacute;liorations que je faisais ponctuellement aux logiciels que j'avais 
&eacute;crits. Chacune de ces am&eacute;liorations &eacute;tait ajout&eacute;e 
&agrave; la version livr&eacute;e en standard, devenant ipso facto disponible 
au public. Les clients me payaient pour travailler aux am&eacute;liorations 
dont ils avaient besoin et qui ne co&iuml;ncidaient pas forc&eacute;ment avec 
les fonctionnalit&eacute;s que j'aurais autrement consid&eacute;r&eacute;es 
comme prioritaires."
-
-# type: Content of: <p>
-#| msgid ""
-#| "Some free software developers make money by selling support services.  "
-#| "Cygnus Support, with around 50 employees [when this article was written], "
-#| "estimates that about 15 per cent of its staff activity is free software "
-#| "development&mdash;a respectable percentage for a software company."
-msgid "Some free software developers make money by selling support services.  
In 1994, Cygnus Support, with around 50 employees, estimated that about 15 per 
cent of its staff activity was free software development&mdash;a respectable 
percentage for a software company."
-msgstr "Certains d&eacute;veloppeurs de logiciels libres gagnent leur vie en 
vendant des services de support technique. En 1994, Cygnus Support, avec 50 
employ&eacute;s, estime que 15 pourcents de l'activit&eacute; de ses 
&eacute;quipes est consacr&eacute;e au d&eacute;veloppement de logiciels 
libres&mdash;pourcentage fort respectable pour une soci&eacute;t&eacute; de 
logiciels."
-
-# type: Content of: <p>
-#| msgid ""
-#| "Companies including Intel, Motorola, Texas Instruments and Analog Devices "
-#| "have combined to fund the continued development of the free GNU compiler "
-#| "for the language C.  Meanwhile, the GNU compiler for the Ada language is "
-#| "being funded by the US Air Force, which believes this is the most cost-"
-#| "effective way to get a high quality compiler.  [Air Force funding ended "
-#| "some time ago; the GNU Ada Compiler is now in service, and its "
-#| "maintenance is funded commercially.]"
-msgid "In the early 90s, companies including Intel, Motorola, Texas 
Instruments and Analog Devices combined to fund the continued development of 
the GNU C compiler.  Most GCC development is still done by paid developers.  
The GNU compiler for the Ada language was funded in the 90s by the US Air 
Force, and continued since then by a company formed specifically for the 
purpose."
-msgstr "Au début des années 1990, des sociétés, parmi lesquelles Intel, 
Motorola, Texas Instruments et Analog Devices, se sont regroup&eacute;es pour 
financer le d&eacute;veloppement du compilateur libre GNU pour le langage C. La 
plupart du développement de GCC est encore faite par des développeurs payés. 
Le compilateur libre GNU pour le langage Ada a été fondé dans les années 
1990 par la US Air Force, et son développement continue depuis avec une 
société spécialement créée pour cela."
-
-# type: Content of: <p>
-#| msgid ""
-#| "All these examples are small; the free software movement is still small, "
-#| "and still young.  But the example of listener-supported radio in this "
-#| "country [the US] shows it's possible to support a large activity without "
-#| "forcing each user to pay."
-msgid "The free software movement is still small, but the example of 
listener-supported radio in the US shows it's possible to support a large 
activity without forcing each user to pay."
-msgstr "Le mouvement du logiciel libre est encore petit et encore jeune. Mais 
l'exemple de la radio financ&eacute;e par les auditeurs aux &Eacute;tats-Unis 
montre qu'il est possible de soutenir une activit&eacute; importante sans 
forcer chaque utilisateur &agrave; payer."
-
-# type: Content of: <p>
-#| msgid ""
-#| "As a computer user today, you may find yourself using a <a href=\"/"
-#| "philosophy/categories.html#ProprietarySoftware\">proprietary</a> "
-#| "program.  If your friend asks to make a copy, it would be wrong to "
-#| "refuse.  Cooperation is more important than copyright.  But underground, "
-#| "closet cooperation does not make for a good society.  A person should "
-#| "aspire to live an upright life openly with pride, and this means saying "
-#| "&ldquo;No&rdquo; to proprietary software."
-msgid "As a computer user today, you may find yourself using a <a 
href=\"/philosophy/categories.html#ProprietarySoftware\">proprietary</a> 
program.  If your friend asks to make a copy, it would be wrong to refuse.  
Cooperation is more important than copyright.  But underground, closet 
cooperation does not make for a good society.  A person should aspire to live 
an upright life openly with pride, and this means saying no to proprietary 
software."
-msgstr "En tant qu'utilisateur d'ordinateur aujourd'hui, vous utilisez 
peut-&ecirc;tre un <a 
href=\"/philosophy/categories.fr.html#ProprietarySoftware\">programme 
propri&eacute;taire</a>. Si votre ami vous en demande une copie, ce serait mal 
de refuser. La coop&eacute;ration est plus importante que le droit de copie. 
Cependant, dans le fond, la coop&eacute;ration en circuit ferm&eacute; ne 
permettra pas de b&acirc;tir une bonne soci&eacute;t&eacute;. Chacun devrait 
aspirer &agrave; une vie honn&ecirc;te men&eacute;e ouvertement et avec 
fiert&eacute;, et pour cela il faut dire &laquo;&nbsp;non&nbsp;!&nbsp;&raquo; 
au logiciel propri&eacute;taire."
-
-# type: Content of: <p>
-msgid "You deserve to be able to cooperate openly and freely with other people 
who use software.  You deserve to be able to learn how the software works, and 
to teach your students with it.  You deserve to be able to hire your favorite 
programmer to fix it when it breaks."
-msgstr "Vous m&eacute;ritez de pouvoir coop&eacute;rer ouvertement et 
librement avec les autres personnes qui utilisent les logiciels. Vous 
m&eacute;ritez de pouvoir apprendre comment marche un logiciel et de 
l'enseigner &agrave; vos &eacute;l&egrave;ves. Vous m&eacute;ritez de pouvoir 
engager votre programmeur favori pour r&eacute;parer le logiciel quand il est 
cass&eacute;."
+msgid ""
+"The final argument made for having owners of software is that this leads to "
+"production of more software."
+msgstr ""
+"Finalement, on nous dit qu'il faut aux logiciels des propri&eacute;taires "
+"parce que cela encourage leur production."
+
+# type: Content of: <ul><li><p>
+msgid ""
+"Unlike the others, this argument at least takes a legitimate approach to the "
+"subject.  It is based on a valid goal&mdash;satisfying the users of "
+"software.  And it is empirically clear that people will produce more of "
+"something if they are well paid for doing so."
+msgstr ""
+"Contrairement aux autres arguments, celui-ci repose du moins sur une "
+"approche l&eacute;gitime du sujet. Le but est valable en effet: satisfaire "
+"les utilisateurs de logiciels. L'exp&eacute;rience montre que les gens "
+"produiront plus de logiciels s'ils sont mieux pay&eacute;s pour le faire."
+
+# type: Content of: <ul><li><p>
+msgid ""
+"But the economic argument has a flaw: it is based on the assumption that the "
+"difference is only a matter of how much money we have to pay.  It assumes "
+"that <i>production of software</i> is what we want, whether the software has "
+"owners or not."
+msgstr ""
+"Mais cet argument &eacute;conomique a le d&eacute;faut d'&ecirc;tre "
+"bas&eacute; sur l'hypoth&egrave;se discutable que la diff&eacute;rence se "
+"fera en fonction de l'argent que nous voulons bien donner. On tient pour "
+"acquis que ce que nous voulons c'est de la &laquo;&nbsp;production de "
+"logiciels&nbsp;&raquo;, avec ou sans propri&eacute;taire."
+
+# type: Content of: <ul><li><p>
+msgid ""
+"People readily accept this assumption because it accords with our "
+"experiences with material objects.  Consider a sandwich, for instance.  You "
+"might well be able to get an equivalent sandwich either gratis or for a "
+"price.  If so, the amount you pay is the only difference.  Whether or not "
+"you have to buy it, the sandwich has the same taste, the same nutritional "
+"value, and in either case you can only eat it once.  Whether you get the "
+"sandwich from an owner or not cannot directly affect anything but the amount "
+"of money you have afterwards."
+msgstr ""
+"Le public accepte facilement cette hypoth&egrave;se parce qu'elle correspond "
+"&agrave; son exp&eacute;rience des objets mat&eacute;riels. Si nous prenons "
+"l'exemple du sandwich, on peut sans doute r&eacute;ussir &agrave; en trouver "
+"deux qui soient identiques, l'un gratuit, l'autre payant. Si c'est le cas la "
+"somme pay&eacute;e ou non est la seule diff&eacute;rence entre les deux. Que "
+"vous deviez ou non le payer, le sandwich aura le m&ecirc;me go&ucirc;t, la "
+"m&ecirc;me valeur nutritive et en tous cas vous ne pourrez le manger qu'une "
+"seule fois. Le fait le sandwich vous ait &eacute;t&eacute; fourni, ou non, "
+"par un propri&eacute;taire n'a d'influence directe que sur la somme d'argent "
+"dont vous disposez par la suite."
+
+# type: Content of: <ul><li><p>
+msgid ""
+"This is true for any kind of material object&mdash;whether or not it has an "
+"owner does not directly affect what it <em>is</em>, or what you can do with "
+"it if you acquire it."
+msgstr ""
+"Ceci est vrai pour tout type d'objet mat&eacute;riel. Le fait qu'ils aient "
+"ou non un propri&eacute;taire ne change pas leur <em>nature</em>, ni leur "
+"utilit&eacute; au cas o&ugrave; vous en faites l'acquisition."
+
+# type: Content of: <ul><li><p>
+msgid ""
+"But if a program has an owner, this very much affects what it is, and what "
+"you can do with a copy if you buy one.  The difference is not just a matter "
+"of money.  The system of owners of software encourages software owners to "
+"produce something&mdash;but not what society really needs.  And it causes "
+"intangible ethical pollution that affects us all."
+msgstr ""
+"Pour un programme c'est diff&eacute;rent. Le fait qu'il ait un propri&eacute;"
+"taire modifie nettement sa nature et ce que vous pouvez en faire si vous en "
+"achetez un exemplaire. Et pas seulement pour une question d'argent, car le "
+"syst&egrave;me de propri&eacute;taires de logiciels encourage ces derniers "
+"&agrave; produire un bien qui n'est pas celui dont la soci&eacute;t&eacute; "
+"a besoin. Il est la cause d'une pollution morale imperceptible qui nous "
+"affecte tous."
+
+# type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"What does society need? It needs information that is truly available to its "
+"citizens&mdash;for example, programs that people can read, fix, adapt, and "
+"improve, not just operate.  But what software owners typically deliver is a "
+"black box that we can't study or change."
+msgstr ""
+"En effet, de quoi la soci&eacute;t&eacute; a-t-elle besoin&nbsp;? D'une "
+"information vraiment disponible pour ses citoyens. Par exemple, des "
+"programmes que les gens peuvent r&eacute;parer, modifier, adapter, am&eacute;"
+"liorer, et pas seulement faire marcher. Or ce que les propri&eacute;taires "
+"de logiciels livrent g&eacute;n&eacute;ralement est une bo&icirc;te noire "
+"que personne ne peut &eacute;tudier ni modifier."
+
+# type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"Society also needs freedom.  When a program has an owner, the users lose "
+"freedom to control part of their own lives."
+msgstr ""
+"La soci&eacute;t&eacute; a aussi besoin de libert&eacute;. Quand un "
+"programme a un propri&eacute;taire, ses utilisateurs perdent la "
+"libert&eacute; de contr&ocirc;ler un des aspects de leur vie."
+
+# type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"And, above all, society needs to encourage the spirit of voluntary "
+"cooperation in its citizens.  When software owners tell us that helping our "
+"neighbors in a natural way is &ldquo;piracy&rdquo;, they pollute our "
+"society's civic spirit."
+msgstr ""
+"Surtout, la soci&eacute;t&eacute; a besoin d'encourager l'esprit de "
+"coop&eacute;ration volontaire de ses citoyens. Quand les propri&eacute;"
+"taires de logiciels qualifient de &laquo;&nbsp;pillage&nbsp;&raquo; le fait "
+"d'aider notre voisin d'une fa&ccedil;on simple et naturelle, ils polluent "
+"l'esprit civique de notre soci&eacute;t&eacute;."
+
+# type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"This is why we say that <a href=\"/philosophy/free-sw.html\">free software</"
+"a> is a matter of freedom, not price."
+msgstr ""
+"C'est pourquoi nous disons que le <a href=\"/philosophy/free-sw.fr.html"
+"\">logiciel libre</a> est une question de libert&eacute;, pas de prix."
+
+# type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"The economic argument for owners is erroneous, but the economic issue is "
+"real.  Some people write useful software for the pleasure of writing it or "
+"for admiration and love; but if we want more software than those people "
+"write, we need to raise funds."
+msgstr ""
+"L'argument &eacute;conomique des propri&eacute;taires est un faux argument, "
+"mais le probl&egrave;me &eacute;conomique est un vrai probl&egrave;me. "
+"Certaines personnes &eacute;crivent des logiciels utiles pour le plaisir ou "
+"pour conqu&eacute;rir l'admiration et la reconnaissance, mais si nous "
+"voulons plus de logiciels que ceux que ces personnes &eacute;crivent il nous "
+"faut r&eacute;colter des fonds."
+
+# type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"Since the 1980s, free software developers have tried various methods of "
+"finding funds, with some success.  There's no need to make anyone rich; a "
+"typical income is plenty of incentive to do many jobs that are less "
+"satisfying than programming."
+msgstr ""
+"Depuis les années 1980, les d&eacute;veloppeurs de logiciels libres "
+"essaient, avec un certain succ&egrave;s, diverses m&eacute;thodes pour "
+"trouver des financements. Il n'est pas indispensable pour cela d'enrichir "
+"quelqu'un&nbsp;; un revenu moyen a fait la preuve de sa capacit&eacute; "
+"suffisante comme stimulant pour beaucoup de m&eacute;tiers moins "
+"satisfaisants que la programmation."
+
+# type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"For years, until a fellowship made it unnecessary, I made a living from "
+"custom enhancements of the free software I had written.  Each enhancement "
+"was added to the standard released version and thus eventually became "
+"available to the general public.  Clients paid me so that I would work on "
+"the enhancements they wanted, rather than on the features I would otherwise "
+"have considered highest priority."
+msgstr ""
+"Pendant des ann&eacute;es, jusqu'&agrave; ce que la cr&eacute;ation d'une "
+"association le rende superflu, j'ai gagn&eacute; ma vie avec les am&eacute;"
+"liorations que je faisais ponctuellement aux logiciels que j'avais &eacute;"
+"crits. Chacune de ces am&eacute;liorations &eacute;tait ajout&eacute;e "
+"&agrave; la version livr&eacute;e en standard, devenant ipso facto "
+"disponible au public. Les clients me payaient pour travailler aux am&eacute;"
+"liorations dont ils avaient besoin et qui ne co&iuml;ncidaient pas "
+"forc&eacute;ment avec les fonctionnalit&eacute;s que j'aurais autrement "
+"consid&eacute;r&eacute;es comme prioritaires."
+
+# type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"Some free software developers make money by selling support services.  In "
+"1994, Cygnus Support, with around 50 employees, estimated that about 15 per "
+"cent of its staff activity was free software development&mdash;a respectable "
+"percentage for a software company."
+msgstr ""
+"Certains d&eacute;veloppeurs de logiciels libres gagnent leur vie en vendant "
+"des services de support technique. En 1994, Cygnus Support, avec 50 "
+"employ&eacute;s, estime que 15 pourcents de l'activit&eacute; de ses &eacute;"
+"quipes est consacr&eacute;e au d&eacute;veloppement de logiciels "
+"libres&mdash;pourcentage fort respectable pour une soci&eacute;t&eacute; de "
+"logiciels."
+
+# type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"In the early 90s, companies including Intel, Motorola, Texas Instruments and "
+"Analog Devices combined to fund the continued development of the GNU C "
+"compiler.  Most GCC development is still done by paid developers.  The GNU "
+"compiler for the Ada language was funded in the 90s by the US Air Force, and "
+"continued since then by a company formed specifically for the purpose."
+msgstr ""
+"Au début des années 1990, des sociétés, parmi lesquelles Intel, Motorola, 
"
+"Texas Instruments et Analog Devices, se sont regroup&eacute;es pour financer "
+"le d&eacute;veloppement du compilateur libre GNU pour le langage C. La "
+"plupart du développement de GCC est encore faite par des développeurs 
payés. "
+"Le compilateur libre GNU pour le langage Ada a été fondé dans les années "
+"1990 par la US Air Force, et son développement continue depuis avec une "
+"société spécialement créée pour cela."
+
+# type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"The free software movement is still small, but the example of listener-"
+"supported radio in the US shows it's possible to support a large activity "
+"without forcing each user to pay."
+msgstr ""
+"Le mouvement du logiciel libre est encore petit et encore jeune. Mais "
+"l'exemple de la radio financ&eacute;e par les auditeurs aux &Eacute;tats-"
+"Unis montre qu'il est possible de soutenir une activit&eacute; importante "
+"sans forcer chaque utilisateur &agrave; payer."
+
+# type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"As a computer user today, you may find yourself using a <a href=\"/"
+"philosophy/categories.html#ProprietarySoftware\">proprietary</a> program.  "
+"If your friend asks to make a copy, it would be wrong to refuse.  "
+"Cooperation is more important than copyright.  But underground, closet "
+"cooperation does not make for a good society.  A person should aspire to "
+"live an upright life openly with pride, and this means saying no to "
+"proprietary software."
+msgstr ""
+"En tant qu'utilisateur d'ordinateur aujourd'hui, vous utilisez peut-&ecirc;"
+"tre un <a href=\"/philosophy/categories.fr.html#ProprietarySoftware"
+"\">programme propri&eacute;taire</a>. Si votre ami vous en demande une "
+"copie, ce serait mal de refuser. La coop&eacute;ration est plus importante "
+"que le droit de copie. Cependant, dans le fond, la coop&eacute;ration en "
+"circuit ferm&eacute; ne permettra pas de b&acirc;tir une bonne soci&eacute;"
+"t&eacute;. Chacun devrait aspirer &agrave; une vie honn&ecirc;te men&eacute;"
+"e ouvertement et avec fiert&eacute;, et pour cela il faut dire &laquo;&nbsp;"
+"non&nbsp;!&nbsp;&raquo; au logiciel propri&eacute;taire."
+
+# type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"You deserve to be able to cooperate openly and freely with other people who "
+"use software.  You deserve to be able to learn how the software works, and "
+"to teach your students with it.  You deserve to be able to hire your "
+"favorite programmer to fix it when it breaks."
+msgstr ""
+"Vous m&eacute;ritez de pouvoir coop&eacute;rer ouvertement et librement avec "
+"les autres personnes qui utilisent les logiciels. Vous m&eacute;ritez de "
+"pouvoir apprendre comment marche un logiciel et de l'enseigner &agrave; vos "
+"&eacute;l&egrave;ves. Vous m&eacute;ritez de pouvoir engager votre "
+"programmeur favori pour r&eacute;parer le logiciel quand il est cass&eacute;."
 
 # type: Content of: <p>
 msgid "You deserve free software."
 msgstr "Vous m&eacute;ritez le logiciel libre."
 
 # type: Content of: <h4>
-msgid "This essay is published in <a 
href=\"http://shop.fsf.org/product/free-software-free-society/\";><cite>Free 
Software, Free Society: The Selected Essays of Richard M. Stallman</cite></a>."
-msgstr "Cet essai est publi&eacute; dans le livre <a 
href=\"http://shop.fsf.org/product/free-software-free-society/\";><i>Free 
Software, Free Society: The Selected Essays of Richard M. Stallman</i></a>."
+msgid ""
+"This essay is published in <a href=\"http://shop.fsf.org/product/free-";
+"software-free-society/\"><cite>Free Software, Free Society: The Selected "
+"Essays of Richard M. Stallman</cite></a>."
+msgstr ""
+"Cet essai est publi&eacute; dans le livre <a href=\"http://shop.fsf.org/";
+"product/free-software-free-society/\"><i>Free Software, Free Society: The "
+"Selected Essays of Richard M. Stallman</i></a>."
 
 # type: Content of: <div>
 #. TRANSLATORS: Use space (SPC) as msgstr if you don't have notes.
@@ -305,25 +670,46 @@
 msgstr " "
 
 # type: Content of: <div><p>
-msgid "Please send FSF &amp; GNU inquiries to <a 
href=\"mailto:address@hidden";><em>address@hidden</em></a>.  There are also <a 
href=\"/contact/\">other ways to contact</a> the FSF.  <br /> Please send 
broken links and other corrections or suggestions to <a 
href=\"mailto:address@hidden";><em>address@hidden</em></a>."
-msgstr "Veuillez envoyer les requêtes concernant la FSF et GNU à <a 
href=\"mailto:address@hidden";><em>address@hidden</em></a>. Il existe aussi <a 
href=\"/contact/\">d'autres moyens de contacter</a> la FSF. <br /> Veuillez 
envoyer les liens orphelins ou d'autres suggestions sur cette page Web aux <a 
href=\"/people/webmeisters.html\">webmestres de GNU</a> à l'adresse <a 
href=\"mailto:address@hidden";><em>address@hidden</em></a>."
+msgid ""
+"Please send FSF &amp; GNU inquiries to <a href=\"mailto:address@hidden";
+"\"><em>address@hidden</em></a>.  There are also <a href=\"/contact/\">other "
+"ways to contact</a> the FSF.  <br /> Please send broken links and other "
+"corrections or suggestions to <a href=\"mailto:address@hidden";
+"\"><em>address@hidden</em></a>."
+msgstr ""
+"Veuillez envoyer les requêtes concernant la FSF et GNU à <a href=\"mailto:";
+"address@hidden"><em>address@hidden</em></a>. Il existe aussi <a 
href=\"/contact/"
+"\">d'autres moyens de contacter</a> la FSF. <br /> Veuillez envoyer les "
+"liens orphelins ou d'autres suggestions sur cette page Web aux <a href=\"/"
+"people/webmeisters.html\">webmestres de GNU</a> à l'adresse <a 
href=\"mailto:";
+"address@hidden"><em>address@hidden</em></a>."
 
 # type: Content of: <div><p>
-msgid "Please see the <a 
href=\"/server/standards/README.translations.html\">Translations README</a> for 
information on coordinating and submitting translations of this article."
-msgstr "Veuillez consulter le <a 
href=\"/server/standards/README.translations.fr.html\">README des 
traductions</a> pour des informations sur la coordination et la soumission de 
traductions de cet article."
+msgid ""
+"Please see the <a href=\"/server/standards/README.translations.html"
+"\">Translations README</a> for information on coordinating and submitting "
+"translations of this article."
+msgstr ""
+"Veuillez consulter le <a href=\"/server/standards/README.translations.fr.html"
+"\">README des traductions</a> pour des informations sur la coordination et "
+"la soumission de traductions de cet article."
 
 # type: Content of: <div><p>
-#| msgid ""
-#| "Copyright &copy; 1994 Richard Stallman <br /> Verbatim copying and "
-#| "distribution of this entire article is permitted in any medium without "
-#| "royalty provided this notice is preserved."
-msgid "Copyright &copy; 1994, 2009 Richard Stallman <br /> Verbatim copying 
and distribution of this entire article is permitted in any medium without 
royalty provided this notice is preserved."
-msgstr "Copyright &copy; 1994, 2009 Richard Stallman <br />La reproduction 
exacte et la distribution intégrale de cet article est permise sur n'importe 
quel support d'archivage, pourvu que cette notice soit préservée."
+msgid ""
+"Copyright &copy; 1994, 2009 Richard Stallman <br /> Verbatim copying and "
+"distribution of this entire article is permitted in any medium without "
+"royalty provided this notice is preserved."
+msgstr ""
+"Copyright &copy; 1994, 2009 Richard Stallman <br />La reproduction exacte et "
+"la distribution intégrale de cet article est permise sur n'importe quel "
+"support d'archivage, pourvu que cette notice soit préservée."
 
 # type: Content of: <div><div>
 #. TRANSLATORS: Use space (SPC) as msgstr if you don't want credits.
 msgid "*GNUN-SLOT: TRANSLATOR'S CREDITS*"
-msgstr "Traduction&nbsp;: Michel Rodriguez.<br /> Révision&nbsp;: <a 
href=\"mailto:trad-gnu&#64;april.org\";>trad-gnu&#64;april.org</a>"
+msgstr ""
+"Traduction&nbsp;: Michel Rodriguez.<br /> Révision&nbsp;: <a href=\"mailto:";
+"trad-gnu&#64;april.org\">trad-gnu&#64;april.org</a>"
 
 # type: Content of: <div><p>
 #.  timestamp start
@@ -333,4 +719,3 @@
 # type: Content of: <div><h4>
 msgid "Translations of this page"
 msgstr "Traductions de cette page"
-

Index: philosophy/po/words-to-avoid.fr.po
===================================================================
RCS file: /web/www/www/philosophy/po/words-to-avoid.fr.po,v
retrieving revision 1.27
retrieving revision 1.28
diff -u -b -r1.27 -r1.28
--- philosophy/po/words-to-avoid.fr.po  29 Nov 2009 17:55:32 -0000      1.27
+++ philosophy/po/words-to-avoid.fr.po  30 Nov 2009 21:27:04 -0000      1.28
@@ -16,780 +16,1336 @@
 "Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit\n"
 
 # type: Content of: <title>
-#| msgid ""
-#| "Confusing Words and Phrases that are Worth Avoiding - GNU Project - Free "
-#| "Software Foundation (FSF)"
-msgid "Confusing Words and Phrases That Are Worth Avoiding - GNU Project - 
Free Software Foundation (FSF)"
-msgstr "Mots et phrases pr&ecirc;tant &agrave; confusion, que vous devriez 
&eacute;viter - GNU Project - Free Software Foundation (FSF)"
+msgid ""
+"Confusing Words and Phrases That Are Worth Avoiding - GNU Project - Free "
+"Software Foundation (FSF)"
+msgstr ""
+"Mots et phrases pr&ecirc;tant &agrave; confusion, que vous devriez &eacute;"
+"viter - GNU Project - Free Software Foundation (FSF)"
 
 # type: Content of: <h2>
-#| msgid ""
-#| "Some Confusing or Loaded Words and Phrases to Avoid (or use with care)"
 msgid "Some Confusing or Loaded Words and Phrases to Avoid (or Use with Care)"
-msgstr "Mots ou phrases pr&ecirc;tant &agrave; confusion, que vous devriez 
&eacute;viter (ou utiliser avec précaution)"
+msgstr ""
+"Mots ou phrases pr&ecirc;tant &agrave; confusion, que vous devriez &eacute;"
+"viter (ou utiliser avec précaution)"
 
 # type: Content of: <p>
-#| msgid ""
-#| "There are a number of words and phrases which we recommend avoiding, or "
-#| "avoiding in certain contexts and usages.  The reason is either that they "
-#| "are ambiguous, or that they imply an opinion that we hope you may not "
-#| "entirely agree with."
-msgid "There are a number of words and phrases that we recommend avoiding, or 
avoiding in certain contexts and usages.  Some are ambiguous or misleading; 
others presuppose a viewpoint that we hope you disagree with."
-msgstr "Nous vous recommandons d'&eacute;viter un certain nombre de mots et de 
phrases, soit parce qu'ils sont ambigus, soit parce qu'ils sugg&egrave;rent des 
opinions avec lesquelles nous esp&eacute;rons que vous n'&ecirc;tes pas 
enti&egrave;rement d'accord."
+msgid ""
+"There are a number of words and phrases that we recommend avoiding, or "
+"avoiding in certain contexts and usages.  Some are ambiguous or misleading; "
+"others presuppose a viewpoint that we hope you disagree with."
+msgstr ""
+"Nous vous recommandons d'&eacute;viter un certain nombre de mots et de "
+"phrases, soit parce qu'ils sont ambigus, soit parce qu'ils sugg&egrave;rent "
+"des opinions avec lesquelles nous esp&eacute;rons que vous n'&ecirc;tes pas "
+"enti&egrave;rement d'accord."
 
 # type: Content of: <div>
-msgid "Also note <a href=\"/philosophy/categories.html\">Categories of Free 
Software</a>."
-msgstr "Veuillez aussi consulter <a 
href=\"/philosophy/categories.fr.html\">Cat&eacute;gories de logiciels 
libres</a>."
-
-# type: Content of: <p>
-msgid "<a href=\"/philosophy/philosophy.html\">Other Texts to Read</a> | 
&ldquo;<a href=\"words-to-avoid.html#BSD-style\">BSD-style</a>&rdquo; | 
&ldquo;<a href=\"words-to-avoid.html#Closed\">Closed</a>&rdquo; | &ldquo;<a 
href=\"words-to-avoid.html#CloudComputing\">Cloud Computing</a>&rdquo; | 
&ldquo;<a href=\"words-to-avoid.html#Commercial\">Commercial</a>&rdquo; | 
&ldquo;<a href=\"words-to-avoid.html#Compensation\">Compensation</a>&rdquo; | 
&ldquo;<a href=\"words-to-avoid.html#Consumer\">Consumer</a>&rdquo; | &ldquo;<a 
href=\"words-to-avoid.html#Content\">Content</a>&rdquo; | &ldquo;<a 
href=\"words-to-avoid.html#Creator\">Creator</a>&rdquo; | &ldquo;<a 
href=\"words-to-avoid.html#DigitalGoods\">Digital Goods</a>&rdquo; | &ldquo;<a 
href=\"words-to-avoid.html#DigitalRightsManagement\">Digital Rights 
Management</a>&rdquo; | &ldquo;<a 
href=\"words-to-avoid.html#Ecosystem\">Ecosystem</a>&rdquo; | &ldquo;<a 
href=\"words-to-avoid.html#ForFree\">For free</a>&rdquo; | &ldquo;<a 
href=\"words-to-avoid.html#FreelyAvailable\">Freely available</a>&rdquo; | 
&ldquo;<a href=\"words-to-avoid.html#Freeware\">Freeware</a>&rdquo; | &ldquo;<a 
href=\"words-to-avoid.html#GiveAwaySoftware\">Give away software</a>&rdquo; | 
&ldquo;<a href=\"words-to-avoid.html#Hacker\">Hacker</a>&rdquo; | &ldquo;<a 
href=\"words-to-avoid.html#IntellectualProperty\">Intellectual 
property</a>&rdquo; | &ldquo;<a href=\"words-to-avoid.html#LAMP\">LAMP 
system</a>&rdquo; | &ldquo;<a href=\"words-to-avoid.html#Linux\">Linux 
system</a>&rdquo; | &ldquo;<a 
href=\"words-to-avoid.html#Market\">Market</a>&rdquo; | &ldquo;<a 
href=\"words-to-avoid.html#MP3Player\">MP3 player</a>&rdquo; | &ldquo;<a 
href=\"words-to-avoid.html#Open\">Open</a>&rdquo; | &ldquo;<a 
href=\"words-to-avoid.html#PC\">PC</a>&rdquo; | &ldquo;<a 
href=\"words-to-avoid.html#Photoshop\">Photoshop</a>&rdquo; | &ldquo;<a 
href=\"words-to-avoid.html#Piracy\">Piracy</a>&rdquo; | &ldquo;<a 
href=\"words-to-avoid.html#PowerPoint\">PowerPoint</a>&rdquo; | &ldquo;<a 
href=\"words-to-avoid.html#Protection\">Protection</a>&rdquo; | &ldquo;<a 
href=\"words-to-avoid.html#RAND\">RAND</a>&rdquo; | &ldquo;<a 
href=\"words-to-avoid.html#SellSoftware\">Sell software</a>&rdquo; | &ldquo;<a 
href=\"words-to-avoid.html#SoftwareIndustry\">Software Industry</a>&rdquo; | 
&ldquo;<a href=\"words-to-avoid.html#Theft\">Theft</a>&rdquo; | &ldquo;<a 
href=\"words-to-avoid.html#TrustedComputing\">Trusted Computing</a>&rdquo; | 
&ldquo;<a href=\"words-to-avoid.html#Vendor\">Vendor</a>&rdquo;"
-msgstr "<a href=\"/philosophy/philosophy.html\">Autres textes à lire</a> | 
&laquo;&nbsp;<a href=\"#BSD-style\" 
name=\"TOCBSD-style\">BSD-style</a>&nbsp;&raquo; | &laquo;&nbsp;<a 
href=\"#DigitalGoods\" name=\"TOCDigitalGoods\">Biens 
num&eacute;riques</a>&nbsp;&raquo; | «&nbsp;<a href=\"#CloudComputing\">Cloud 
Computing</a>&nbsp;»  |&laquo;&nbsp;<a href=\"#Commercial\" 
name=\"TOCCommercial\">Commercial</a>&nbsp;&raquo; | &laquo;&nbsp;<a 
href=\"#Compensation\" name=\"TOCCompensation\">Compensation</a>&nbsp;&raquo; | 
&laquo;&nbsp;<a href=\"#Consumer\" 
name=\"TOCConsumer\">Consommateur</a>&nbsp;&raquo; | &laquo;&nbsp;<a 
href=\"#Content\" name=\"TOCContent\">Contenu</a>&nbsp;&raquo; | 
&laquo;&nbsp;<a href=\"#Creator\" 
name=\"TOCCreator\">Cr&eacute;ateur</a>&nbsp;&raquo; | &laquo;&nbsp;<a 
href=\"#FreelyAvailable\" name=\"TOCFreelyAvailable\">Disponible 
gratuitement</a>&nbsp;&raquo; | &laquo;&nbsp;<a href=\"#GiveAwaySoftware\" 
name=\"TOCGiveAwaySoftware\">Donner des logiciels</a>&nbsp;&raquo; | 
&laquo;&nbsp;<a href=\"#Ecosystem\" 
name=\"TOCEcosystem\">&Eacute;cosyst&egrave;me</a>&nbsp;&raquo; | 
&laquo;&nbsp;<a href=\"#Closed\" 
name=\"TOCClosed\">Ferm&eacute;</a>&nbsp;&raquo; | &laquo;&nbsp;<a 
href=\"#Freeware\" name=\"TOCFreeware\">Freeware (graticiel)</a>&nbsp;&raquo; | 
&laquo;&nbsp;<a href=\"#DigitalRightsManagement\" 
name=\"TOCDigitalRightsManagement\">Gestion des droits 
num&eacute;riques</a>&nbsp;&raquo; | &laquo;&nbsp;<a href=\"#ForFree\" 
name=\"TOCForFree\">Gratuitement</a>&nbsp;&raquo; | &laquo;&nbsp;<a 
href=\"#Hacker\" name=\"TOCHacker\">Hacker</a>&nbsp;&raquo; | &laquo;&nbsp;<a 
href=\"#SoftwareIndustry\" name=\"TOCSoftwareIndustry\">Industrie 
logicielle</a>&nbsp;&raquo; | &laquo;&nbsp;<a 
href=\"words-to-avoid.html#TrustedComputing\" 
name=\"TOCTrustedComputing\">Informatique de confiance</a>&nbsp;&raquo; | 
&laquo;&nbsp;<a href=\"#MP3Player\" name=\"TOCMP3Player\">Lecteur 
MP3</a>&nbsp;&raquo; | &laquo;&nbsp;<a href=\"#SellSoftware\" 
name=\"TOCSellSoftware\">Logiciel commercial</a>&nbsp;&raquo; | &laquo;&nbsp;<a 
href=\"#Market\" name=\"TOCMarket\">March&eacute;</a>&nbsp;&raquo; | 
&laquo;&nbsp;<a href=\"#Open\" name=\"TOCOpen\">Ouvert</a>&nbsp;&raquo; | 
&laquo;&nbsp;<a href=\"#PC\" name=\"TOCPC\">PC</a>&nbsp;&raquo; | 
&laquo;&nbsp;<a href=\"#Photoshop\" 
name=\"TOCPhotoshop\">Photoshop</a>&nbsp;&raquo; | &laquo;&nbsp;<a 
href=\"#Piracy\" name=\"TOCPiracy\">Piratage</a>&nbsp;&raquo; | &laquo;&nbsp;<a 
href=\"#PowerPoint\" name=\"TOCPowerPoint\">PowerPoint</a>&nbsp;&raquo; | 
&laquo;&nbsp;<a href=\"#IntellectualProperty\" 
name=\"TOCIntellectualProperty\">Propri&eacute;t&eacute; 
Intellectuelle</a>&nbsp;&raquo; | &laquo;&nbsp;<a href=\"#Protection\" 
name=\"TOCProtection\">Protection</a>&nbsp;&raquo; | &laquo;&nbsp;<a 
href=\"#RAND\" name=\"TOCRAND\">RAND</a>&nbsp;&raquo; | &laquo;&nbsp;<a 
href=\"#LAMP\" name=\"TOCLAMP\">Syst&egrave;me LAMP</a>&nbsp;&raquo; | 
«&nbsp;<a href=\"#Linux\">Système Linux</a>&nbsp;» | &laquo;&nbsp;<a 
href=\"#Vendor\" name=\"TOCVendor\">Vendeur</a>&nbsp;&raquo; | «&nbsp;<a 
href=\"#SellSoftware\">Vendre des logiciels</a>&nbsp;» | &laquo;&nbsp;<a 
href=\"#Theft\" name=\"TOCTheft\">Vol</a>&nbsp;&raquo;"
+msgid ""
+"Also note <a href=\"/philosophy/categories.html\">Categories of Free "
+"Software</a>."
+msgstr ""
+"Veuillez aussi consulter <a href=\"/philosophy/categories.fr.html"
+"\">Cat&eacute;gories de logiciels libres</a>."
+
+# type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"<a href=\"/philosophy/philosophy.html\">Other Texts to Read</a> | &ldquo;<a "
+"href=\"words-to-avoid.html#BSD-style\">BSD-style</a>&rdquo; | &ldquo;<a href="
+"\"words-to-avoid.html#Closed\">Closed</a>&rdquo; | &ldquo;<a href=\"words-to-"
+"avoid.html#CloudComputing\">Cloud Computing</a>&rdquo; | &ldquo;<a href="
+"\"words-to-avoid.html#Commercial\">Commercial</a>&rdquo; | &ldquo;<a href="
+"\"words-to-avoid.html#Compensation\">Compensation</a>&rdquo; | &ldquo;<a "
+"href=\"words-to-avoid.html#Consumer\">Consumer</a>&rdquo; | &ldquo;<a href="
+"\"words-to-avoid.html#Content\">Content</a>&rdquo; | &ldquo;<a href=\"words-"
+"to-avoid.html#Creator\">Creator</a>&rdquo; | &ldquo;<a href=\"words-to-avoid."
+"html#DigitalGoods\">Digital Goods</a>&rdquo; | &ldquo;<a href=\"words-to-"
+"avoid.html#DigitalRightsManagement\">Digital Rights Management</a>&rdquo; | "
+"&ldquo;<a href=\"words-to-avoid.html#Ecosystem\">Ecosystem</a>&rdquo; | "
+"&ldquo;<a href=\"words-to-avoid.html#ForFree\">For free</a>&rdquo; | &ldquo;"
+"<a href=\"words-to-avoid.html#FreelyAvailable\">Freely available</a>&rdquo; "
+"| &ldquo;<a href=\"words-to-avoid.html#Freeware\">Freeware</a>&rdquo; | "
+"&ldquo;<a href=\"words-to-avoid.html#GiveAwaySoftware\">Give away software</"
+"a>&rdquo; | &ldquo;<a href=\"words-to-avoid.html#Hacker\">Hacker</a>&rdquo; "
+"| &ldquo;<a href=\"words-to-avoid.html#IntellectualProperty\">Intellectual "
+"property</a>&rdquo; | &ldquo;<a href=\"words-to-avoid.html#LAMP\">LAMP "
+"system</a>&rdquo; | &ldquo;<a href=\"words-to-avoid.html#Linux\">Linux "
+"system</a>&rdquo; | &ldquo;<a href=\"words-to-avoid.html#Market\">Market</"
+"a>&rdquo; | &ldquo;<a href=\"words-to-avoid.html#MP3Player\">MP3 player</"
+"a>&rdquo; | &ldquo;<a href=\"words-to-avoid.html#Open\">Open</a>&rdquo; | "
+"&ldquo;<a href=\"words-to-avoid.html#PC\">PC</a>&rdquo; | &ldquo;<a href="
+"\"words-to-avoid.html#Photoshop\">Photoshop</a>&rdquo; | &ldquo;<a href="
+"\"words-to-avoid.html#Piracy\">Piracy</a>&rdquo; | &ldquo;<a href=\"words-to-"
+"avoid.html#PowerPoint\">PowerPoint</a>&rdquo; | &ldquo;<a href=\"words-to-"
+"avoid.html#Protection\">Protection</a>&rdquo; | &ldquo;<a href=\"words-to-"
+"avoid.html#RAND\">RAND</a>&rdquo; | &ldquo;<a href=\"words-to-avoid."
+"html#SellSoftware\">Sell software</a>&rdquo; | &ldquo;<a href=\"words-to-"
+"avoid.html#SoftwareIndustry\">Software Industry</a>&rdquo; | &ldquo;<a href="
+"\"words-to-avoid.html#Theft\">Theft</a>&rdquo; | &ldquo;<a href=\"words-to-"
+"avoid.html#TrustedComputing\">Trusted Computing</a>&rdquo; | &ldquo;<a href="
+"\"words-to-avoid.html#Vendor\">Vendor</a>&rdquo;"
+msgstr ""
+"<a href=\"/philosophy/philosophy.html\">Autres textes à lire</a> | &laquo;"
+"&nbsp;<a href=\"#BSD-style\" name=\"TOCBSD-style\">BSD-style</a>&nbsp;"
+"&raquo; | &laquo;&nbsp;<a href=\"#DigitalGoods\" name=\"TOCDigitalGoods"
+"\">Biens num&eacute;riques</a>&nbsp;&raquo; | «&nbsp;<a 
href=\"#CloudComputing"
+"\">Cloud Computing</a>&nbsp;»  |&laquo;&nbsp;<a href=\"#Commercial\" name="
+"\"TOCCommercial\">Commercial</a>&nbsp;&raquo; | &laquo;&nbsp;<a href="
+"\"#Compensation\" name=\"TOCCompensation\">Compensation</a>&nbsp;&raquo; | "
+"&laquo;&nbsp;<a href=\"#Consumer\" name=\"TOCConsumer\">Consommateur</"
+"a>&nbsp;&raquo; | &laquo;&nbsp;<a href=\"#Content\" name=\"TOCContent"
+"\">Contenu</a>&nbsp;&raquo; | &laquo;&nbsp;<a href=\"#Creator\" name="
+"\"TOCCreator\">Cr&eacute;ateur</a>&nbsp;&raquo; | &laquo;&nbsp;<a href="
+"\"#FreelyAvailable\" name=\"TOCFreelyAvailable\">Disponible gratuitement</"
+"a>&nbsp;&raquo; | &laquo;&nbsp;<a href=\"#GiveAwaySoftware\" name="
+"\"TOCGiveAwaySoftware\">Donner des logiciels</a>&nbsp;&raquo; | &laquo;&nbsp;"
+"<a href=\"#Ecosystem\" name=\"TOCEcosystem\">&Eacute;cosyst&egrave;me</"
+"a>&nbsp;&raquo; | &laquo;&nbsp;<a href=\"#Closed\" name=\"TOCClosed"
+"\">Ferm&eacute;</a>&nbsp;&raquo; | &laquo;&nbsp;<a href=\"#Freeware\" name="
+"\"TOCFreeware\">Freeware (graticiel)</a>&nbsp;&raquo; | &laquo;&nbsp;<a href="
+"\"#DigitalRightsManagement\" name=\"TOCDigitalRightsManagement\">Gestion des "
+"droits num&eacute;riques</a>&nbsp;&raquo; | &laquo;&nbsp;<a href=\"#ForFree"
+"\" name=\"TOCForFree\">Gratuitement</a>&nbsp;&raquo; | &laquo;&nbsp;<a href="
+"\"#Hacker\" name=\"TOCHacker\">Hacker</a>&nbsp;&raquo; | &laquo;&nbsp;<a "
+"href=\"#SoftwareIndustry\" name=\"TOCSoftwareIndustry\">Industrie "
+"logicielle</a>&nbsp;&raquo; | &laquo;&nbsp;<a href=\"words-to-avoid."
+"html#TrustedComputing\" name=\"TOCTrustedComputing\">Informatique de "
+"confiance</a>&nbsp;&raquo; | &laquo;&nbsp;<a href=\"#MP3Player\" name="
+"\"TOCMP3Player\">Lecteur MP3</a>&nbsp;&raquo; | &laquo;&nbsp;<a href="
+"\"#SellSoftware\" name=\"TOCSellSoftware\">Logiciel commercial</a>&nbsp;"
+"&raquo; | &laquo;&nbsp;<a href=\"#Market\" name=\"TOCMarket\">March&eacute;</"
+"a>&nbsp;&raquo; | &laquo;&nbsp;<a href=\"#Open\" name=\"TOCOpen\">Ouvert</"
+"a>&nbsp;&raquo; | &laquo;&nbsp;<a href=\"#PC\" name=\"TOCPC\">PC</a>&nbsp;"
+"&raquo; | &laquo;&nbsp;<a href=\"#Photoshop\" name=\"TOCPhotoshop"
+"\">Photoshop</a>&nbsp;&raquo; | &laquo;&nbsp;<a href=\"#Piracy\" name="
+"\"TOCPiracy\">Piratage</a>&nbsp;&raquo; | &laquo;&nbsp;<a href=\"#PowerPoint"
+"\" name=\"TOCPowerPoint\">PowerPoint</a>&nbsp;&raquo; | &laquo;&nbsp;<a href="
+"\"#IntellectualProperty\" name=\"TOCIntellectualProperty\">Propri&eacute;"
+"t&eacute; Intellectuelle</a>&nbsp;&raquo; | &laquo;&nbsp;<a href="
+"\"#Protection\" name=\"TOCProtection\">Protection</a>&nbsp;&raquo; | &laquo;"
+"&nbsp;<a href=\"#RAND\" name=\"TOCRAND\">RAND</a>&nbsp;&raquo; | &laquo;"
+"&nbsp;<a href=\"#LAMP\" name=\"TOCLAMP\">Syst&egrave;me LAMP</a>&nbsp;"
+"&raquo; | «&nbsp;<a href=\"#Linux\">Système Linux</a>&nbsp;» | 
&laquo;&nbsp;"
+"<a href=\"#Vendor\" name=\"TOCVendor\">Vendeur</a>&nbsp;&raquo; | «&nbsp;<a "
+"href=\"#SellSoftware\">Vendre des logiciels</a>&nbsp;» | &laquo;&nbsp;<a "
+"href=\"#Theft\" name=\"TOCTheft\">Vol</a>&nbsp;&raquo;"
 
 # type: Content of: <h4>
 msgid "&ldquo;BSD-style&rdquo;"
 msgstr "&laquo;&nbsp;BSD-style&nbsp;&raquo;"
 
 # type: Content of: <p>
-#| msgid ""
-#| "The expression &ldquo;BSD-style license&rdquo; leads to confusion because "
-#| "it <a href=\"/philosophy/bsd.html\">lumps together licenses that have "
-#| "important differences</a>.  For instance, the original BSD license with "
-#| "the advertising clause is incompatible with the GNU GPL, but the revised "
-#| "BSD license is compatible with the GPL."
-msgid "The expression &ldquo;BSD-style license&rdquo; leads to confusion 
because it <a href=\"/philosophy/bsd.html\">lumps together licenses that have 
important differences</a>.  For instance, the original BSD license with the 
advertising clause is incompatible with the GNU General Public License, but the 
revised BSD license is compatible with the GPL."
-msgstr "L'expression &laquo;&nbsp;BSD-style license&nbsp;&raquo; (n.d.t&nbsp;: 
licence de type BSD) pr&ecirc;te &agrave; confusion car elle <a 
href=\"/philosophy/bsd.fr.html\">m&eacute;lange des licences qui ont des 
diff&eacute;rences importantes</a>.Par exemple, la licence originale BSD avec 
sa clause publicitaire, est incompatible avec la GPL GNU, mais la licence BSD 
r&eacute;vis&eacute;e est compatible avec la GPL."
-
-# type: Content of: <p>
-msgid "To avoid confusion, it is best to name <a 
href=\"/licenses/license-list.html\"> the specific license in question</a> and 
avoid the vague term &ldquo;BSD-style.&rdquo;"
-msgstr "Pour &eacute;viter toute confusion, il est pr&eacute;f&eacute;rable de 
nommer <a href=\"/licenses/license-list.fr.html\">la licence sp&eacute;cifique 
en question</a> et d'&eacute;viter le terme vague &laquo;&nbsp;de type 
BSD&nbsp;&raquo;."
+msgid ""
+"The expression &ldquo;BSD-style license&rdquo; leads to confusion because it "
+"<a href=\"/philosophy/bsd.html\">lumps together licenses that have important "
+"differences</a>.  For instance, the original BSD license with the "
+"advertising clause is incompatible with the GNU General Public License, but "
+"the revised BSD license is compatible with the GPL."
+msgstr ""
+"L'expression &laquo;&nbsp;BSD-style license&nbsp;&raquo; (n.d.t&nbsp;: "
+"licence de type BSD) pr&ecirc;te &agrave; confusion car elle <a href=\"/"
+"philosophy/bsd.fr.html\">m&eacute;lange des licences qui ont des diff&eacute;"
+"rences importantes</a>.Par exemple, la licence originale BSD avec sa clause "
+"publicitaire, est incompatible avec la GPL GNU, mais la licence BSD r&eacute;"
+"vis&eacute;e est compatible avec la GPL."
+
+# type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"To avoid confusion, it is best to name <a href=\"/licenses/license-list.html"
+"\"> the specific license in question</a> and avoid the vague term &ldquo;BSD-"
+"style.&rdquo;"
+msgstr ""
+"Pour &eacute;viter toute confusion, il est pr&eacute;f&eacute;rable de "
+"nommer <a href=\"/licenses/license-list.fr.html\">la licence sp&eacute;"
+"cifique en question</a> et d'&eacute;viter le terme vague &laquo;&nbsp;de "
+"type BSD&nbsp;&raquo;."
 
 # type: Content of: <h4>
 msgid "&ldquo;Closed&rdquo;"
 msgstr "&laquo;&nbsp;Ferm&eacute;&nbsp;&raquo;"
 
 # type: Content of: <p>
-#| msgid ""
-#| "Describing non-free software as &ldquo;closed&rdquo; clearly refers to "
-#| "the term &ldquo;open source&rdquo;.  In the free software movement, <a "
-#| "href=\"/philosophy/open-source-misses-the-point.html\"> we want to avoid "
-#| "being confused with the more recent open source movement</a>, so we are "
-#| "careful to avoid usage that would encourage people to lump us in with "
-#| "them.  Therefore, we avoid describing non-free software as &ldquo;"
-#| "closed&rdquo;.  We call it &ldquo;non-free&rdquo; or <a href=\"/"
-#| "philosophy/categories.html#ProprietarySoftware\"> &ldquo;"
-#| "proprietary&rdquo;</a>."
-msgid "Describing nonfree software as &ldquo;closed&rdquo; clearly refers to 
the term &ldquo;open source&rdquo;.  In the free software movement, <a 
href=\"/philosophy/open-source-misses-the-point.html\"> we do not want to be 
confused with the open source camp</a>, so we are careful to avoid saying 
things that would encourage people to lump us in with them.  For instance, we 
avoid describing nonfree software as &ldquo;closed&rdquo;.  We call it 
&ldquo;nonfree&rdquo; or <a 
href=\"/philosophy/categories.html#ProprietarySoftware\"> 
&ldquo;proprietary&rdquo;</a>."
-msgstr "En d&eacute;crivant un logiciel non libre comme 
&laquo;&nbsp;ferm&eacute;&nbsp;&raquo;, cela se r&eacute;f&egrave;re clairement 
au terme &laquo;&nbsp;open source&nbsp;&raquo; (source ouvert). Au sein du 
Mouvement du logiciel libre, <a 
href=\"/philosophy/open-source-misses-the-point.fr.html\">nous voulons 
&eacute;viter d'&ecirc;tre confondus avec le plus r&eacute;cent Mouvement open 
source</a>, aussi, nous &eacute;viter soigneusement une utilisation qui 
encouragerait les gens &agrave; nous confondre avec eux. Par cons&eacute;quent, 
nous &eacute;vitons de d&eacute;crire un logiciel non libre comme 
&laquo;&nbsp;ferm&eacute;&nbsp;&raquo;. Nous le qualifions de &laquo;&nbsp;non 
libre&nbsp;&raquo; ou <a 
href=\"/philosophy/categories.fr.html#ProprietarySoftware\">&laquo;&nbsp;propri&eacute;taire&nbsp;&raquo;</a>."
+msgid ""
+"Describing nonfree software as &ldquo;closed&rdquo; clearly refers to the "
+"term &ldquo;open source&rdquo;.  In the free software movement, <a href=\"/"
+"philosophy/open-source-misses-the-point.html\"> we do not want to be "
+"confused with the open source camp</a>, so we are careful to avoid saying "
+"things that would encourage people to lump us in with them.  For instance, "
+"we avoid describing nonfree software as &ldquo;closed&rdquo;.  We call it "
+"&ldquo;nonfree&rdquo; or <a href=\"/philosophy/categories."
+"html#ProprietarySoftware\"> &ldquo;proprietary&rdquo;</a>."
+msgstr ""
+"En d&eacute;crivant un logiciel non libre comme &laquo;&nbsp;ferm&eacute;"
+"&nbsp;&raquo;, cela se r&eacute;f&egrave;re clairement au terme &laquo;&nbsp;"
+"open source&nbsp;&raquo; (source ouvert). Au sein du Mouvement du logiciel "
+"libre, <a href=\"/philosophy/open-source-misses-the-point.fr.html\">nous "
+"voulons &eacute;viter d'&ecirc;tre confondus avec le plus r&eacute;cent "
+"Mouvement open source</a>, aussi, nous &eacute;viter soigneusement une "
+"utilisation qui encouragerait les gens &agrave; nous confondre avec eux. Par "
+"cons&eacute;quent, nous &eacute;vitons de d&eacute;crire un logiciel non "
+"libre comme &laquo;&nbsp;ferm&eacute;&nbsp;&raquo;. Nous le qualifions de "
+"&laquo;&nbsp;non libre&nbsp;&raquo; ou <a href=\"/philosophy/categories.fr."
+"html#ProprietarySoftware\">&laquo;&nbsp;propri&eacute;taire&nbsp;&raquo;</a>."
 
 # type: Content of: <h4>
 msgid "&ldquo;Cloud Computing&rdquo;"
 msgstr "&laquo;&nbsp;Cloud computing&nbsp;&raquo;"
 
 # type: Content of: <p>
-#| msgid ""
-#| "The term &ldquo;cloud computing&rdquo; is marketing buzzword with no "
-#| "clear meaning.  It is used for a range of different activities whose only "
-#| "common quality is that they use the Internet for something beyond "
-#| "transmitting files.  Thus, the term is a nexus of confusion.  If you try "
-#| "to use it in your thinking, your thinking will be vague."
-msgid "The term &ldquo;cloud computing&rdquo; is a marketing buzzword with no 
clear meaning.  It is used for a range of different activities whose only 
common characteristic is that they use the Internet for something beyond 
transmitting files.  Thus, the term is a nexus of confusion.  If you base your 
thinking on it, your thinking will be vague."
-msgstr "Le terme «&nbsp;cloud computing&nbsp;» (informatique dans les 
nuages) est un terme de marketing sans signification claire. Il est utilisé 
pour un panel d'activités différentes dont la seule qualité commune est 
d'utiliser Internet pour quelque chose au-delà de la transmission de fichiers. 
Par conséquent, le terme est source à confusion. Si vous essayez de 
l'utiliser dans votre raisonnement, votre raisonnement sera vague."
-
-# type: Content of: <p>
-#| msgid ""
-#| "When thinking about or responding to a statement someone else made using "
-#| "this term, the first step is to clarify the topic.  Which kind of "
-#| "activity is the statement really about, and what is a good term for that "
-#| "activity? Pressing yourself (or the person who made the statement) to "
-#| "clarify the topic will direct the discussion towards a useful conclusion."
-msgid "When thinking about or responding to a statement someone else has made 
using this term, the first step is to clarify the topic.  Which kind of 
activity is the statement really about, and what is a good, clear term for that 
activity? Once the topic is clear, the discussion can head for a useful 
conclusion."
-msgstr "En réfléchissant ou en répondant à une déclaration que quelqu'un 
d'autre a fait en utilisant ce terme, la première étape est de clarifier le 
sujet. De quelle sorte d'activité parle la déclaration et quel est le bon 
terme pour cette activité&nbsp;? Se forcer (ou forcer la personne qui a fait 
la déclaration) à clarifier le sujet dirigera la discussion vers une 
conclusion utile."
-
-# type: Content of: <p>
-#| msgid ""
-#| "Curiously, Larry Ellison, a proprietary software developer, also <a href="
-#| "\"http://news.cnet.com/8301-13953_3-10052188-80.html\";> noted the vacuity "
-#| "of the term &ldquo;cloud computing&rdquo;</a>.  He decided to use the "
-#| "term anyway because, as a proprietary software developer, he isn't "
-#| "motivated by the same ideals we are."
-msgid "Curiously, Larry Ellison, a proprietary software developer, also <a 
href=\"http://news.cnet.com/8301-13953_3-10052188-80.html\";> noted the vacuity 
of the term &ldquo;cloud computing.&rdquo;</a> He decided to use the term 
anyway because, as a proprietary software developer, he isn't motivated by the 
same ideals as we are."
-msgstr "Curieusement, Larry Ellison, un développeur de logiciel 
propriétaire, a également <a 
href=\"http://news.cnet.com/8301-13953_3-10052188-80.html\";>noté la vacuité 
du terme «&nbsp;cloud computing&nbsp;»</a>. Il a décidé d'utiliser quand 
même le terme, car en tant que développeur de logiciels propriétaires, il 
n'est pas motivé par les mêmes idéaux que nous."
+msgid ""
+"The term &ldquo;cloud computing&rdquo; is a marketing buzzword with no clear "
+"meaning.  It is used for a range of different activities whose only common "
+"characteristic is that they use the Internet for something beyond "
+"transmitting files.  Thus, the term is a nexus of confusion.  If you base "
+"your thinking on it, your thinking will be vague."
+msgstr ""
+"Le terme «&nbsp;cloud computing&nbsp;» (informatique dans les nuages) est 
un "
+"terme de marketing sans signification claire. Il est utilisé pour un panel "
+"d'activités différentes dont la seule qualité commune est d'utiliser "
+"Internet pour quelque chose au-delà de la transmission de fichiers. Par "
+"conséquent, le terme est source à confusion. Si vous essayez de l'utiliser "
+"dans votre raisonnement, votre raisonnement sera vague."
+
+# type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"When thinking about or responding to a statement someone else has made using "
+"this term, the first step is to clarify the topic.  Which kind of activity "
+"is the statement really about, and what is a good, clear term for that "
+"activity? Once the topic is clear, the discussion can head for a useful "
+"conclusion."
+msgstr ""
+"En réfléchissant ou en répondant à une déclaration que quelqu'un d'autre 
a "
+"fait en utilisant ce terme, la première étape est de clarifier le sujet. De 
"
+"quelle sorte d'activité parle la déclaration et quel est le bon terme pour "
+"cette activité&nbsp;? Se forcer (ou forcer la personne qui a fait la "
+"déclaration) à clarifier le sujet dirigera la discussion vers une 
conclusion "
+"utile."
+
+# type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"Curiously, Larry Ellison, a proprietary software developer, also <a href="
+"\"http://news.cnet.com/8301-13953_3-10052188-80.html\";> noted the vacuity of "
+"the term &ldquo;cloud computing.&rdquo;</a> He decided to use the term "
+"anyway because, as a proprietary software developer, he isn't motivated by "
+"the same ideals as we are."
+msgstr ""
+"Curieusement, Larry Ellison, un développeur de logiciel propriétaire, a "
+"également <a href=\"http://news.cnet.com/8301-13953_3-10052188-80.html";
+"\">noté la vacuité du terme «&nbsp;cloud computing&nbsp;»</a>. Il a 
décidé "
+"d'utiliser quand même le terme, car en tant que développeur de logiciels "
+"propriétaires, il n'est pas motivé par les mêmes idéaux que nous."
 
 # type: Content of: <h4>
 msgid "&ldquo;Commercial&rdquo;"
 msgstr "&laquo;&nbsp;Commercial&nbsp;&raquo;"
 
 # type: Content of: <p>
-#| msgid ""
-#| "Please don't use &ldquo;commercial&rdquo; as a synonym for &ldquo;non-"
-#| "free.&rdquo; That confuses two entirely different issues."
-msgid "Please don't use &ldquo;commercial&rdquo; as a synonym for 
&ldquo;nonfree.&rdquo; That confuses two entirely different issues."
-msgstr "N'utilisez pas le mot &laquo;&nbsp;commercial&nbsp;&raquo; comme 
synonyme de &laquo;&nbsp;non libre&nbsp;&raquo;. Cela m&eacute;lange deux 
probl&egrave;mes totalementdiff&eacute;rents."
-
-# type: Content of: <p>
-#| msgid ""
-#| "A program is commercial if it is developed as a business activity.  A "
-#| "commercial program can be free or non-free, depending on its license.  "
-#| "Likewise, a program developed by a school or an individual can be free or "
-#| "non-free, depending on its license.  The two questions, what sort of "
-#| "entity developed the program and what freedom its users have, are "
-#| "independent."
-msgid "A program is commercial if it is developed as a business activity.  A 
commercial program can be free or nonfree, depending on its manner of 
distribution.  Likewise, a program developed by a school or an individual can 
be free or nonfree, depending on its manner of distribution.  The two 
questions&mdash;what sort of entity developed the program and what freedom its 
users have&mdash;are independent."
-msgstr "Un programme est commercial s'il est d&eacute;velopp&eacute; en tant 
que partie d'une activit&eacute; commerciale.  Un programme commercial peut 
&ecirc;tre libre ou non libre en fonction de sa licence. De la m&ecirc;me 
mani&egrave;re, un programme d&eacute;velopp&eacute; par une &eacute;cole ou un 
individu peut &ecirc;tre libre et non libre, en fonction de sa licence. Les 
deux questions, quel type d'entit&eacute; a d&eacute;velopp&eacute; le 
programme et quelle libert&eacute; est laiss&eacute;e aux utilisateurs, sont 
ind&eacute;pendantes."
-
-# type: Content of: <p>
-msgid "In the first decade of the free software movement, free software 
packages were almost always noncommercial; the components of the GNU/Linux 
operating system were developed by individuals or by nonprofit organizations 
such as the FSF and universities.  Later, in the 90s, free commercial software 
started to appear."
-msgstr "Dans la premi&egrave;re d&eacute;cennie du mouvement du logiciel 
libre, les logiciels libres &eacute;taient pratiquement tous non 
commerciaux&nbsp;; les composants du syst&egrave;me d'exploitation GNU/Linux 
&eacute;taient d&eacute;velopp&eacute;s par des individus ou par des 
organisations non commerciales telles que la FSF et les universit&eacute;s. 
Mais dans les ann&eacute;es 1990, le logiciel commercial libre a 
commenc&eacute; &agrave; appara&icirc;tre."
-
-# type: Content of: <p>
-#| msgid ""
-#| "Free commercial software is a contribution to our community, so we should "
-#| "encourage it.  But people who think that &ldquo;commercial&rdquo; means "
-#| "&ldquo;non-free&rdquo; will tend to think that the &ldquo;free "
-#| "commercial&rdquo; combination is self-contradictory, and dismiss the "
-#| "possibility.  Let's be careful not to use the word &ldquo;"
-#| "commercial&rdquo; in that way."
-msgid "Free commercial software is a contribution to our community, so we 
should encourage it.  But people who think that &ldquo;commercial&rdquo; means 
&ldquo;nonfree&rdquo; will tend to think that the &ldquo;free commercial&rdquo; 
combination is self-contradictory, and dismiss the possibility.  Let's be 
careful not to use the word &ldquo;commercial&rdquo; in that way."
-msgstr "Le logiciel commercial libre est une contribution &agrave; notre 
communaut&eacute;, donc nous l'encourageons. Mais ceux qui pensent que 
&laquo;&nbsp;commercial&nbsp;&raquo; signifie &laquo;&nbsp;non 
libre&nbsp;&raquo; sont tent&eacute;s de penser que cette id&eacute;e est 
contradictoire et la rejettent en se basant sur une incompr&eacute;hension. 
Faites attention &agrave; ne pas utiliser le mot 
&laquo;&nbsp;commercial&nbsp;&raquo; de cette mani&egrave;re."
+msgid ""
+"Please don't use &ldquo;commercial&rdquo; as a synonym for &ldquo;nonfree."
+"&rdquo; That confuses two entirely different issues."
+msgstr ""
+"N'utilisez pas le mot &laquo;&nbsp;commercial&nbsp;&raquo; comme synonyme de "
+"&laquo;&nbsp;non libre&nbsp;&raquo;. Cela m&eacute;lange deux probl&egrave;"
+"mes totalementdiff&eacute;rents."
+
+# type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"A program is commercial if it is developed as a business activity.  A "
+"commercial program can be free or nonfree, depending on its manner of "
+"distribution.  Likewise, a program developed by a school or an individual "
+"can be free or nonfree, depending on its manner of distribution.  The two "
+"questions&mdash;what sort of entity developed the program and what freedom "
+"its users have&mdash;are independent."
+msgstr ""
+"Un programme est commercial s'il est d&eacute;velopp&eacute; en tant que "
+"partie d'une activit&eacute; commerciale.  Un programme commercial peut "
+"&ecirc;tre libre ou non libre en fonction de sa licence. De la m&ecirc;me "
+"mani&egrave;re, un programme d&eacute;velopp&eacute; par une &eacute;cole ou "
+"un individu peut &ecirc;tre libre et non libre, en fonction de sa licence. "
+"Les deux questions, quel type d'entit&eacute; a d&eacute;velopp&eacute; le "
+"programme et quelle libert&eacute; est laiss&eacute;e aux utilisateurs, sont "
+"ind&eacute;pendantes."
+
+# type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"In the first decade of the free software movement, free software packages "
+"were almost always noncommercial; the components of the GNU/Linux operating "
+"system were developed by individuals or by nonprofit organizations such as "
+"the FSF and universities.  Later, in the 90s, free commercial software "
+"started to appear."
+msgstr ""
+"Dans la premi&egrave;re d&eacute;cennie du mouvement du logiciel libre, les "
+"logiciels libres &eacute;taient pratiquement tous non commerciaux&nbsp;; les "
+"composants du syst&egrave;me d'exploitation GNU/Linux &eacute;taient "
+"d&eacute;velopp&eacute;s par des individus ou par des organisations non "
+"commerciales telles que la FSF et les universit&eacute;s. Mais dans les "
+"ann&eacute;es 1990, le logiciel commercial libre a commenc&eacute; &agrave; "
+"appara&icirc;tre."
+
+# type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"Free commercial software is a contribution to our community, so we should "
+"encourage it.  But people who think that &ldquo;commercial&rdquo; means "
+"&ldquo;nonfree&rdquo; will tend to think that the &ldquo;free "
+"commercial&rdquo; combination is self-contradictory, and dismiss the "
+"possibility.  Let's be careful not to use the word &ldquo;commercial&rdquo; "
+"in that way."
+msgstr ""
+"Le logiciel commercial libre est une contribution &agrave; notre "
+"communaut&eacute;, donc nous l'encourageons. Mais ceux qui pensent que "
+"&laquo;&nbsp;commercial&nbsp;&raquo; signifie &laquo;&nbsp;non libre&nbsp;"
+"&raquo; sont tent&eacute;s de penser que cette id&eacute;e est "
+"contradictoire et la rejettent en se basant sur une incompr&eacute;hension. "
+"Faites attention &agrave; ne pas utiliser le mot &laquo;&nbsp;"
+"commercial&nbsp;&raquo; de cette mani&egrave;re."
 
 # type: Content of: <h4>
 msgid "&ldquo;Compensation&rdquo;"
 msgstr "&laquo;&nbsp;Compensation&nbsp;&raquo;"
 
 # type: Content of: <p>
-msgid "To speak of &ldquo;compensation for authors&rdquo; in connection with 
copyright carries the assumptions that (1) copyright exists for the sake of 
authors and (2) whenever we read something, we take on a debt to the author 
which we must then repay.  The first assumption is simply <a 
href=\"/philosophy/misinterpreting-copyright.html\">false</a>, and the second 
is outrageous."
-msgstr "Parler de &laquo;&nbsp;compensation pour les auteurs&nbsp;&raquo; en 
connexion avec le copyright sugg&egrave;re les assomptions que (1) le copyright 
existe pour le bien des auteurs et que (2) quand nous lisons quelque chose, 
l'auteur travaille pour nous et par cons&eacute;quent, nous devons &agrave; 
l'auteur de l'argent. La premi&egrave;re assomption est simplement <a 
href=\"misinterpreting-copyright.fr.html\">fausse</a>, et la seconde est 
outrageuse."
+msgid ""
+"To speak of &ldquo;compensation for authors&rdquo; in connection with "
+"copyright carries the assumptions that (1) copyright exists for the sake of "
+"authors and (2) whenever we read something, we take on a debt to the author "
+"which we must then repay.  The first assumption is simply <a href=\"/"
+"philosophy/misinterpreting-copyright.html\">false</a>, and the second is "
+"outrageous."
+msgstr ""
+"Parler de &laquo;&nbsp;compensation pour les auteurs&nbsp;&raquo; en "
+"connexion avec le copyright sugg&egrave;re les assomptions que (1) le "
+"copyright existe pour le bien des auteurs et que (2) quand nous lisons "
+"quelque chose, l'auteur travaille pour nous et par cons&eacute;quent, nous "
+"devons &agrave; l'auteur de l'argent. La premi&egrave;re assomption est "
+"simplement <a href=\"misinterpreting-copyright.fr.html\">fausse</a>, et la "
+"seconde est outrageuse."
 
 # type: Content of: <h4>
 msgid "&ldquo;Consumer&rdquo;"
 msgstr "&laquo;&nbsp;Consommateur&nbsp;&raquo;"
 
 # type: Content of: <p>
-#| msgid ""
-#| "The term &ldquo;consumer&rdquo;, when used to refer to computer users, "
-#| "carries unfortunate assumptions."
-msgid "The term &ldquo;consumer,&rdquo; when used to refer to computer users, 
is loaded with assumptions we should reject.  Playing a digital recording, or 
running a program, does not consume it."
-msgstr "Le terme &laquo;&nbsp;consommateur&nbsp;&raquo;, quand il est 
utilis&eacute; pour parler des utilisateurs d'ordinateurs, apporte des 
assomptions malheureuses que nous devons rejeter. Écouter un enregistrement 
numérique ou exécuter un programme ne le consomment pas."
-
-# type: Content of: <p>
-msgid "The terms &ldquo;producer&rdquo; and &ldquo;consumer&rdquo; come from 
economic theory, and bring with them its narrow prespective and misguided 
assumotions.  They tend to warp your thinking."
-msgstr "Les termes «&nbsp;producteur&nbsp;» et «&nbsp;consommateur&nbsp;» 
proviennent de la théorie économique, et apportent avec eux leur perpective 
étroite et leur mauvaise assomptions. Ils tendent à brouiller votre 
raisonnement."
-
-# type: Content of: <p>
-#| msgid ""
-#| "Economic theory uses the terms &ldquo;producer&rdquo; and &ldquo;"
-#| "consumer&rdquo;.  In that context these words are appropriate.  But "
-#| "describing the users of software as &ldquo;consumers&rdquo; presumes a "
-#| "narrow role for them.  It treats them like cattle that passively graze on "
-#| "what others make available to them."
-msgid "In addition, describing the users of software as 
&ldquo;consumers&rdquo; presumes a narrow role for them: it regards them as 
cattle that passively graze on what others make available to them."
-msgstr "De plus, en d&eacute;crivant les utilisateurs de logiciels comme des 
&laquo;&nbsp;consommateurs&nbsp;&raquo;, cela pr&eacute;suppose qu'ils ont un 
r&ocirc;le accessoire. Ce terme les assimile &agrave; du b&eacute;tail qui 
broute passivement ce que d'autres leur donnent."
-
-# type: Content of: <p>
-#| msgid ""
-#| "This kind of thinking leads to travesties like the CBDTPA &ldquo;Consumer "
-#| "Broadband and Digital Television Promotion Act&rdquo; which would require "
-#| "copying restriction facilities in every digital device.  If all the users "
-#| "do is &ldquo;consume&rdquo;, then why should they mind?"
-msgid "This kind of thinking leads to travesties like the CBDTPA 
&ldquo;Consumer Broadband and Digital Television Promotion Act&rdquo; which 
would require copying restriction facilities in every digital device.  If all 
the users do is &ldquo;consume,&rdquo; then why should they mind?"
-msgstr "Cette fa&ccedil;on de penser m&egrave;ne &agrave; des travestissements 
comme le CBDTPA &laquo;&nbsp;Consumer Broadband and Digital Television 
Promotion Act&nbsp;&raquo; (Loi pour la promotion de la 
t&eacute;l&eacute;vision num&eacute;rique &agrave; large bande pour le 
consommateur) qui n&eacute;cessiterait des syst&egrave;mes de restriction de 
copie pour tout appareil num&eacute;rique. Si tout ce que font les utilisateurs 
est &laquo;&nbsp;consommer&nbsp;&raquo;, alors, pourquoi cela les 
d&eacute;rangeraient-ils&nbsp;?"
-
-# type: Content of: <p>
-#| msgid ""
-#| "The narrow economic vision of users as &ldquo;consumers&rdquo; tends to "
-#| "go hand in hand with the idea that published works are &ldquo;"
-#| "content&rdquo;."
-msgid "The shallow economic conception of users as &ldquo;consumers&rdquo; 
tends to go hand in hand with the idea that published works are mere 
&ldquo;content.&rdquo;"
-msgstr "La vision &eacute;conomique obtuse des utilisateurs en tant que 
&laquo;&nbsp;consommateurs&nbsp;&raquo; va de pair avec l'id&eacute;e que les 
œuvres publi&eacute;es sont des &laquo;&nbsp;contenus&nbsp;&raquo;."
-
-# type: Content of: <p>
-#| msgid ""
-#| "To describe people who are not limited to passive consumption on their "
-#| "computers, we suggest terms such as &ldquo;individuals&rdquo; and &ldquo;"
-#| "citizens&rdquo;."
-msgid "To describe people who are not limited to passive use of works, we 
suggest terms such as &ldquo;individuals&rdquo; and &ldquo;citizens&rdquo;."
-msgstr "Pour d&eacute;crire les gens qui ne sont pas limit&eacute;s &agrave; 
la consommation passive de leurs ordinateurs, nous sugg&eacute;rons des termes 
comme &laquo;&nbsp;particuliers&nbsp;&raquo; et 
&laquo;&nbsp;citoyens&nbsp;&raquo;."
+msgid ""
+"The term &ldquo;consumer,&rdquo; when used to refer to computer users, is "
+"loaded with assumptions we should reject.  Playing a digital recording, or "
+"running a program, does not consume it."
+msgstr ""
+"Le terme &laquo;&nbsp;consommateur&nbsp;&raquo;, quand il est utilis&eacute; "
+"pour parler des utilisateurs d'ordinateurs, apporte des assomptions "
+"malheureuses que nous devons rejeter. Écouter un enregistrement numérique 
ou "
+"exécuter un programme ne le consomment pas."
+
+# type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"The terms &ldquo;producer&rdquo; and &ldquo;consumer&rdquo; come from "
+"economic theory, and bring with them its narrow prespective and misguided "
+"assumotions.  They tend to warp your thinking."
+msgstr ""
+"Les termes «&nbsp;producteur&nbsp;» et «&nbsp;consommateur&nbsp;» 
proviennent "
+"de la théorie économique, et apportent avec eux leur perpective étroite et 
"
+"leur mauvaise assomptions. Ils tendent à brouiller votre raisonnement."
+
+# type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"In addition, describing the users of software as &ldquo;consumers&rdquo; "
+"presumes a narrow role for them: it regards them as cattle that passively "
+"graze on what others make available to them."
+msgstr ""
+"De plus, en d&eacute;crivant les utilisateurs de logiciels comme des &laquo;"
+"&nbsp;consommateurs&nbsp;&raquo;, cela pr&eacute;suppose qu'ils ont un "
+"r&ocirc;le accessoire. Ce terme les assimile &agrave; du b&eacute;tail qui "
+"broute passivement ce que d'autres leur donnent."
+
+# type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"This kind of thinking leads to travesties like the CBDTPA &ldquo;Consumer "
+"Broadband and Digital Television Promotion Act&rdquo; which would require "
+"copying restriction facilities in every digital device.  If all the users do "
+"is &ldquo;consume,&rdquo; then why should they mind?"
+msgstr ""
+"Cette fa&ccedil;on de penser m&egrave;ne &agrave; des travestissements comme "
+"le CBDTPA &laquo;&nbsp;Consumer Broadband and Digital Television Promotion "
+"Act&nbsp;&raquo; (Loi pour la promotion de la t&eacute;l&eacute;vision "
+"num&eacute;rique &agrave; large bande pour le consommateur) qui n&eacute;"
+"cessiterait des syst&egrave;mes de restriction de copie pour tout appareil "
+"num&eacute;rique. Si tout ce que font les utilisateurs est &laquo;&nbsp;"
+"consommer&nbsp;&raquo;, alors, pourquoi cela les d&eacute;rangeraient-"
+"ils&nbsp;?"
+
+# type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"The shallow economic conception of users as &ldquo;consumers&rdquo; tends to "
+"go hand in hand with the idea that published works are mere &ldquo;content."
+"&rdquo;"
+msgstr ""
+"La vision &eacute;conomique obtuse des utilisateurs en tant que &laquo;&nbsp;"
+"consommateurs&nbsp;&raquo; va de pair avec l'id&eacute;e que les œuvres "
+"publi&eacute;es sont des &laquo;&nbsp;contenus&nbsp;&raquo;."
+
+# type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"To describe people who are not limited to passive use of works, we suggest "
+"terms such as &ldquo;individuals&rdquo; and &ldquo;citizens&rdquo;."
+msgstr ""
+"Pour d&eacute;crire les gens qui ne sont pas limit&eacute;s &agrave; la "
+"consommation passive de leurs ordinateurs, nous sugg&eacute;rons des termes "
+"comme &laquo;&nbsp;particuliers&nbsp;&raquo; et &laquo;&nbsp;citoyens&nbsp;"
+"&raquo;."
 
 # type: Content of: <h4>
 msgid "&ldquo;Content&rdquo;"
 msgstr "&laquo;&nbsp;Contenu&nbsp;&raquo;"
 
 # type: Content of: <p>
-#| msgid ""
-#| "If you want to describe a feeling of comfort and satisfaction, by all "
-#| "means say you are &ldquo;content&rdquo;, but using it as a noun to "
-#| "describe written and other works of authorship is worth avoiding.  That "
-#| "usage adopts a specific attitude towards those works: that they are an "
-#| "interchangeable commodity whose purpose is to fill a box and make money.  "
-#| "In effect, it disparages the works themselves."
-msgid "If you want to describe a feeling of comfort and satisfaction, by all 
means say you are &ldquo;content,&rdquo; but using the word as a noun to 
describe written and other works of authorship adopts an attitude you might 
rather avoid.  It regards these works as a commodity whose purpose is to fill a 
box and make money.  In effect, it disparages the works themselves."
-msgstr "Si vous voulez d&eacute;crire ce qui est &agrave; l'int&eacute;rieur 
d'une tasse, vous parlez du &laquo;&nbsp;contenu&nbsp;&raquo; de cette tasse, 
mais utiliser ce mot pour d&eacute;crire des œuvres d'auteur &eacute;crites ou 
autres, vaut la peine d'&ecirc;tre &eacute;vit&eacute;. Cette utilisation 
rel&egrave;ve d'une attitude sp&eacute;cifique &agrave; l'encontre de ces 
œuvres&nbsp;: elles sont interchangeables et leur but est de remplir des 
bo&icirc;tes et de faire de l'argent. En effet, ce terme ne respecte pas les 
oeuvres elles-m&ecirc;mes."
-
-# type: Content of: <p>
-#| msgid ""
-#| "Those who use this term are often the publishers that push for increased "
-#| "copyright power in the name of the authors (&ldquo;creators&rdquo;, as "
-#| "they say) of the works.  The term &ldquo;content&rdquo; reveals their "
-#| "real attitude towards these works and their authors.  (See <a href="
-#| "\"http://archive.salon.com/tech/feature/2000/06/14/love/print.html";
-#| "\">Courtney Love's open letter to Steve Case</a> and search for &ldquo;"
-#| "content provider&rdquo; in that page.  Alas, Ms. Love is unaware that the "
-#| "term &ldquo;intellectual property&rdquo; is also <a href="
-#| "\"#IntellectualProperty\"> misleading</a>.)"
-msgid "Those who use this term are often the publishers that push for 
increased copyright power in the name of the authors (&ldquo;creators,&rdquo; 
as they say) of the works.  The term &ldquo;content&rdquo; reveals their real 
attitude towards these works and their authors.  (See <a 
href=\"http://archive.salon.com/tech/feature/2000/06/14/love/print.html\";>Courtney
 Love's open letter to Steve Case</a> and search for &ldquo;content 
provider&rdquo; in that page.  Alas, Ms. Love is unaware that the term 
&ldquo;intellectual property&rdquo; is also <a href=\"#IntellectualProperty\"> 
biased and confusing</a>.)"
-msgstr "Ceux qui utilisent ce terme sont souvent les &eacute;diteurs qui 
poussent &agrave; obtenir des pouvoirs de copyright accrus aux noms des auteurs 
(&laquo;&nbsp;cr&eacute;ateurs&nbsp;&raquo;, comme ils disent) des œuvres. Le 
terme &laquo;&nbsp;contenu&nbsp;&raquo; r&eacute;v&egrave;le ce qu'ils pensent 
vraiment de ces œuvres et des ces auteurs. (Consultez <a 
href=\"http://archive.salon.com/tech/feature/2000/06/14/love/print.html\";>Courtney
 Love's open letter to Steve Case </a> &mdash;&nbsp;Lettre ouverte de Courtney 
Love &agrave; Steve Case&nbsp;&mdash; (recherchez &laquo;&nbsp;content 
provider&nbsp;&raquo; dans cette page. H&eacute;las, Mlle Love n'est pas 
consciente que le terme &laquo;&nbsp;propri&eacute;t&eacute; 
intellectuelle&nbsp;&raquo; est aussi <a 
href=\"#IntellectualProperty\">trompeur</a>)."
-
-# type: Content of: <p>
-msgid "However, as long as other people use the term &ldquo;content 
provider&rdquo;, political dissidents can well call themselves 
&ldquo;malcontent providers&rdquo;."
-msgstr "Quoi qu'il en soit, aussi longtemps que d'autres personnes utiliseront 
le terme &laquo;&nbsp;fournisseurs de contenu&nbsp;&raquo; (content providers), 
les dissidents politiques peuvent tout aussi bien les appeler les 
&laquo;&nbsp;fournisseurs m&eacute;contents&nbsp;&raquo; (malcontent 
providers)."
-
-# type: Content of: <p>
-#| msgid ""
-#| "The term &ldquo;content management&rdquo; takes the prize for vacuity.  "
-#| "&ldquo;Content&rdquo; means &ldquo;some sort of information&rdquo;, and "
-#| "&ldquo;management&rdquo; in this context means &ldquo;doing something "
-#| "with it&rdquo;.  So a &ldquo;content management system&rdquo; is a system "
-#| "for doing something to some sort of information.  That description fits "
-#| "most programs."
-msgid "The term &ldquo;content management&rdquo; takes the prize for vacuity.  
&ldquo;Content&rdquo; means &ldquo;some sort of information,&rdquo; and 
&ldquo;management&rdquo; in this context means &ldquo;doing something with 
it.&rdquo; So a &ldquo;content management system&rdquo; is a system for doing 
something to some sort of information.  Nearly all programs fit that 
description."
-msgstr "Le terme de &laquo;&nbsp;gestion de contenu&nbsp;&raquo; remporte le 
prix de la vacuit&eacute;. &laquo;&nbsp;Contenu&nbsp;&raquo; signifie 
&laquo;&nbsp;un type d'information&nbsp;&raquo; et 
&laquo;&nbsp;gestion&nbsp;&raquo; dans ce contexte &laquo;&nbsp;faire quelque 
chose avec cette information&nbsp;&raquo;. Donc un &laquo;&nbsp; syst&egrave;me 
de gestion de contenu&nbsp;&raquo; est un syst&egrave;me pour faire quelque 
chose avec un type d'information. Cette description correspond à la plupart 
des programmes."
-
-# type: Content of: <p>
-#| msgid ""
-#| "In most cases, that term really refers to a system for updating pages on "
-#| "a website.  For that, we recommend the term &ldquo;website revision "
-#| "system&rdquo; (WRS)."
-msgid "In most cases, that term really refers to a system for updating pages 
on a Web site.  For that, we recommend the term &ldquo;Web site revision 
system&rdquo; (WRS)."
-msgstr "Dans la plupart des cas, le terme réfère vraiment à un système 
pour mettre à jour des pages sur un site Web. Pour cela, nous recommandons le 
terme «&nbsp;système de révision de site Web&nbsp;»."
+msgid ""
+"If you want to describe a feeling of comfort and satisfaction, by all means "
+"say you are &ldquo;content,&rdquo; but using the word as a noun to describe "
+"written and other works of authorship adopts an attitude you might rather "
+"avoid.  It regards these works as a commodity whose purpose is to fill a box "
+"and make money.  In effect, it disparages the works themselves."
+msgstr ""
+"Si vous voulez d&eacute;crire ce qui est &agrave; l'int&eacute;rieur d'une "
+"tasse, vous parlez du &laquo;&nbsp;contenu&nbsp;&raquo; de cette tasse, mais "
+"utiliser ce mot pour d&eacute;crire des œuvres d'auteur &eacute;crites ou "
+"autres, vaut la peine d'&ecirc;tre &eacute;vit&eacute;. Cette utilisation "
+"rel&egrave;ve d'une attitude sp&eacute;cifique &agrave; l'encontre de ces "
+"œuvres&nbsp;: elles sont interchangeables et leur but est de remplir des "
+"bo&icirc;tes et de faire de l'argent. En effet, ce terme ne respecte pas les "
+"oeuvres elles-m&ecirc;mes."
+
+# type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"Those who use this term are often the publishers that push for increased "
+"copyright power in the name of the authors (&ldquo;creators,&rdquo; as they "
+"say) of the works.  The term &ldquo;content&rdquo; reveals their real "
+"attitude towards these works and their authors.  (See <a href=\"http://";
+"archive.salon.com/tech/feature/2000/06/14/love/print.html\">Courtney Love's "
+"open letter to Steve Case</a> and search for &ldquo;content provider&rdquo; "
+"in that page.  Alas, Ms. Love is unaware that the term &ldquo;intellectual "
+"property&rdquo; is also <a href=\"#IntellectualProperty\"> biased and "
+"confusing</a>.)"
+msgstr ""
+"Ceux qui utilisent ce terme sont souvent les &eacute;diteurs qui poussent "
+"&agrave; obtenir des pouvoirs de copyright accrus aux noms des auteurs "
+"(&laquo;&nbsp;cr&eacute;ateurs&nbsp;&raquo;, comme ils disent) des œuvres. "
+"Le terme &laquo;&nbsp;contenu&nbsp;&raquo; r&eacute;v&egrave;le ce qu'ils "
+"pensent vraiment de ces œuvres et des ces auteurs. (Consultez <a href="
+"\"http://archive.salon.com/tech/feature/2000/06/14/love/print.html";
+"\">Courtney Love's open letter to Steve Case </a> &mdash;&nbsp;Lettre "
+"ouverte de Courtney Love &agrave; Steve Case&nbsp;&mdash; (recherchez &laquo;"
+"&nbsp;content provider&nbsp;&raquo; dans cette page. H&eacute;las, Mlle Love "
+"n'est pas consciente que le terme &laquo;&nbsp;propri&eacute;t&eacute; "
+"intellectuelle&nbsp;&raquo; est aussi <a href=\"#IntellectualProperty"
+"\">trompeur</a>)."
+
+# type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"However, as long as other people use the term &ldquo;content "
+"provider&rdquo;, political dissidents can well call themselves &ldquo;"
+"malcontent providers&rdquo;."
+msgstr ""
+"Quoi qu'il en soit, aussi longtemps que d'autres personnes utiliseront le "
+"terme &laquo;&nbsp;fournisseurs de contenu&nbsp;&raquo; (content providers), "
+"les dissidents politiques peuvent tout aussi bien les appeler les &laquo;"
+"&nbsp;fournisseurs m&eacute;contents&nbsp;&raquo; (malcontent providers)."
+
+# type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"The term &ldquo;content management&rdquo; takes the prize for vacuity.  "
+"&ldquo;Content&rdquo; means &ldquo;some sort of information,&rdquo; and "
+"&ldquo;management&rdquo; in this context means &ldquo;doing something with "
+"it.&rdquo; So a &ldquo;content management system&rdquo; is a system for "
+"doing something to some sort of information.  Nearly all programs fit that "
+"description."
+msgstr ""
+"Le terme de &laquo;&nbsp;gestion de contenu&nbsp;&raquo; remporte le prix de "
+"la vacuit&eacute;. &laquo;&nbsp;Contenu&nbsp;&raquo; signifie &laquo;&nbsp;"
+"un type d'information&nbsp;&raquo; et &laquo;&nbsp;gestion&nbsp;&raquo; dans "
+"ce contexte &laquo;&nbsp;faire quelque chose avec cette information&nbsp;"
+"&raquo;. Donc un &laquo;&nbsp; syst&egrave;me de gestion de contenu&nbsp;"
+"&raquo; est un syst&egrave;me pour faire quelque chose avec un type "
+"d'information. Cette description correspond à la plupart des programmes."
+
+# type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"In most cases, that term really refers to a system for updating pages on a "
+"Web site.  For that, we recommend the term &ldquo;Web site revision "
+"system&rdquo; (WRS)."
+msgstr ""
+"Dans la plupart des cas, le terme réfère vraiment à un système pour 
mettre à "
+"jour des pages sur un site Web. Pour cela, nous recommandons le terme 
«&nbsp;"
+"système de révision de site Web&nbsp;»."
 
 # type: Content of: <h4>
 msgid "&ldquo;Creator&rdquo;"
 msgstr "&laquo;&nbsp;Cr&eacute;ateur&nbsp;&raquo;"
 
 # type: Content of: <p>
-#| msgid ""
-#| "The term &ldquo;creator&rdquo; as applied to authors implicitly compares "
-#| "them to a deity (&ldquo;the creator&rdquo;).  The term is used by "
-#| "publishers to elevate the authors' moral stature above that of ordinary "
-#| "people, to justify increased copyright power that the publishers can "
-#| "exercise in the name of the authors.  We recommend saying &ldquo;"
-#| "author&rdquo; instead.  However, in many cases &ldquo;copyright "
-#| "holder&rdquo; is what you really mean."
-msgid "The term &ldquo;creator&rdquo; as applied to authors implicitly 
compares them to a deity (&ldquo;the creator&rdquo;).  The term is used by 
publishers to elevate authors' moral standing above that of ordinary people in 
order to justify giving them increased copyright power, which the publishers 
can then exercise in their name.  We recommend saying &ldquo;author&rdquo; 
instead.  However, in many cases &ldquo;copyright holder&rdquo; is what you 
really mean."
-msgstr "Le terme &laquo;&nbsp;cr&eacute;ateur&nbsp;&raquo;, appliqu&eacute; 
aux auteurs, les compare implicitement &agrave; un dieu (&laquo;&nbsp;le 
Cr&eacute;ateur&nbsp;&raquo;). Le terme est utilis&eacute; par les 
&eacute;diteurs pour &eacute;lever le statut moral des auteurs au-dessus de 
celui des gens ordinaires, pour justifier des pouvoirs de droit d'auteur accrus 
que les &eacute;diteurs exercent au nom des auteurs. Nous recommandons de dire 
&laquo;&nbsp;auteur&nbsp;&raquo; &agrave; la place. Cependant, dans beaucoup de 
cas, &laquo;&nbsp;d&eacute;tenteurs de droits d'auteur&nbsp;&raquo; est ce que 
vous voulez r&eacute;ellement dire."
+msgid ""
+"The term &ldquo;creator&rdquo; as applied to authors implicitly compares "
+"them to a deity (&ldquo;the creator&rdquo;).  The term is used by publishers "
+"to elevate authors' moral standing above that of ordinary people in order to "
+"justify giving them increased copyright power, which the publishers can then "
+"exercise in their name.  We recommend saying &ldquo;author&rdquo; instead.  "
+"However, in many cases &ldquo;copyright holder&rdquo; is what you really "
+"mean."
+msgstr ""
+"Le terme &laquo;&nbsp;cr&eacute;ateur&nbsp;&raquo;, appliqu&eacute; aux "
+"auteurs, les compare implicitement &agrave; un dieu (&laquo;&nbsp;le "
+"Cr&eacute;ateur&nbsp;&raquo;). Le terme est utilis&eacute; par les &eacute;"
+"diteurs pour &eacute;lever le statut moral des auteurs au-dessus de celui "
+"des gens ordinaires, pour justifier des pouvoirs de droit d'auteur accrus "
+"que les &eacute;diteurs exercent au nom des auteurs. Nous recommandons de "
+"dire &laquo;&nbsp;auteur&nbsp;&raquo; &agrave; la place. Cependant, dans "
+"beaucoup de cas, &laquo;&nbsp;d&eacute;tenteurs de droits d'auteur&nbsp;"
+"&raquo; est ce que vous voulez r&eacute;ellement dire."
 
 # type: Content of: <h4>
 msgid "&ldquo;Digital Goods&rdquo;"
 msgstr "&laquo;&nbsp;Biens num&eacute;riques&nbsp;&raquo;"
 
 # type: Content of: <p>
-#| msgid ""
-#| "The term &ldquo;digital goods&rdquo; as applied to copies of works of "
-#| "authorship forces them into the thought mold of physical goods &mdash; "
-#| "which cannot be copied, and which therefore have to be manufactured and "
-#| "sold."
-msgid "The term &ldquo;digital goods,&rdquo; as applied to copies of works of 
authorship, erroneously identifies them with physical goods&mdash;which cannot 
be copied, and which therefore have to be manufactured and sold."
-msgstr "Le terme &laquo;&nbsp;biens num&eacute;riques&nbsp;&raquo; tel qu'il 
est appliqu&eacute; aux copies d'&oelig;uvres d'auteur, les force &agrave; 
rentrer dans le sch&eacute;ma de pens&eacute;e des biens physiques (qui ne 
peuvent &ecirc;tre copi&eacute;s, et qui par cons&eacute;quent doivent 
&ecirc;tre fabriqu&eacute;s et vendus."
+msgid ""
+"The term &ldquo;digital goods,&rdquo; as applied to copies of works of "
+"authorship, erroneously identifies them with physical goods&mdash;which "
+"cannot be copied, and which therefore have to be manufactured and sold."
+msgstr ""
+"Le terme &laquo;&nbsp;biens num&eacute;riques&nbsp;&raquo; tel qu'il est "
+"appliqu&eacute; aux copies d'&oelig;uvres d'auteur, les force &agrave; "
+"rentrer dans le sch&eacute;ma de pens&eacute;e des biens physiques (qui ne "
+"peuvent &ecirc;tre copi&eacute;s, et qui par cons&eacute;quent doivent "
+"&ecirc;tre fabriqu&eacute;s et vendus."
 
 # type: Content of: <h4>
 msgid "&ldquo;Digital Rights Management&rdquo;"
 msgstr "&laquo;&nbsp;Gestion des droits num&eacute;riques&nbsp;&raquo;"
 
 # type: Content of: <p>
-msgid "&ldquo;Digital Rights Management&rdquo; refers to technical schemes 
designed to impose restrictions on computer users.  The use of the word 
&ldquo;rights&rdquo; in this term is propaganda, designed to lead you unawares 
into seeing the issue from the viewpoint of the few that impose the 
restrictions, and ignoring that of the general public on whom these 
restrictions are imposed."
-msgstr "La &laquo;&nbsp;gestion des droits num&eacute;riques&nbsp;&raquo; 
logiciels (Digital Rights Management software) se r&eacute;f&egrave;re &agrave; 
des sch&eacute;mas techniques pour imposer des restrictions aux utilisateurs 
d'ordinateurs. L'utilisation du mot &laquo;&nbsp;droits&nbsp;&raquo; dans ce 
terme est de la propagande, con&ccedil;ue pour que vous ne vous rendiez pas 
compte du probl&egrave;me, du point de vue de la minorit&eacute; qui imposent 
les restrictions, tout en ignorant le grand nombre de ceux &agrave; qui sont 
impos&eacute;es ces restrictions."
-
-# type: Content of: <p>
-#| msgid ""
-#| "Good alternatives include &ldquo;Digital Restrictions Management&rdquo;, "
-#| "&ldquo;Digital Restrictions Malware&rdquo;, and &ldquo;digital "
-#| "handcuffs&rdquo;."
-msgid "Good alternatives include &ldquo;Digital Restrictions 
Management,&rdquo; and &ldquo;digital handcuffs.&rdquo;"
-msgstr "Parmi les bonnes alternatives&nbsp;: &laquo;&nbsp;Gestion des 
restrictions num&eacute;riques&nbsp;&raquo; (Digital Restrictions Management), 
&laquo;&nbsp;Gestion des restrictions num&eacute;riques&nbsp;&raquo; (Digital 
Restrictions Malware) et &laquo;&nbsp;Menotticiel&nbsp;&raquo; (handcuffware)."
+msgid ""
+"&ldquo;Digital Rights Management&rdquo; refers to technical schemes designed "
+"to impose restrictions on computer users.  The use of the word &ldquo;"
+"rights&rdquo; in this term is propaganda, designed to lead you unawares into "
+"seeing the issue from the viewpoint of the few that impose the restrictions, "
+"and ignoring that of the general public on whom these restrictions are "
+"imposed."
+msgstr ""
+"La &laquo;&nbsp;gestion des droits num&eacute;riques&nbsp;&raquo; logiciels "
+"(Digital Rights Management software) se r&eacute;f&egrave;re &agrave; des "
+"sch&eacute;mas techniques pour imposer des restrictions aux utilisateurs "
+"d'ordinateurs. L'utilisation du mot &laquo;&nbsp;droits&nbsp;&raquo; dans ce "
+"terme est de la propagande, con&ccedil;ue pour que vous ne vous rendiez pas "
+"compte du probl&egrave;me, du point de vue de la minorit&eacute; qui "
+"imposent les restrictions, tout en ignorant le grand nombre de ceux &agrave; "
+"qui sont impos&eacute;es ces restrictions."
+
+# type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"Good alternatives include &ldquo;Digital Restrictions Management,&rdquo; and "
+"&ldquo;digital handcuffs.&rdquo;"
+msgstr ""
+"Parmi les bonnes alternatives&nbsp;: &laquo;&nbsp;Gestion des restrictions "
+"num&eacute;riques&nbsp;&raquo; (Digital Restrictions Management), &laquo;"
+"&nbsp;Gestion des restrictions num&eacute;riques&nbsp;&raquo; (Digital "
+"Restrictions Malware) et &laquo;&nbsp;Menotticiel&nbsp;&raquo; "
+"(handcuffware)."
 
 # type: Content of: <h4>
 msgid "&ldquo;Ecosystem&rdquo;"
 msgstr "&laquo;&nbsp;Écosystème&nbsp;&raquo;"
 
 # type: Content of: <p>
-#| msgid ""
-#| "It is a mistake to describe the free software community, or any human "
-#| "community, as an &ldquo;ecosystem&rdquo;, because that word implies the "
-#| "absence of (1) intention and (2) ethics.  In an ecosystem, species evolve "
-#| "according to their fitness.  If something is weak, it goes extinct, and "
-#| "that's neither right nor wrong, merely an ecological phenomenon.  The "
-#| "term &ldquo;ecosystem&rdquo; implicitly suggests a passive attitude: "
-#| "&ldquo;Don't ask how things <em>should</em> be, just watch what happens "
-#| "to them&rdquo;."
-msgid "It is a mistake to describe the free software community, or any human 
community, as an &ldquo;ecosystem,&rdquo; because that word implies the absence 
of (1) intention and (2) ethics.  In an ecosystem, species evolve according to 
their fitness: if a species is weak and goes extinct, that's neither right nor 
wrong, merely an ecological phenomenon.  The term &ldquo;ecosystem&rdquo; 
implicitly suggests a attitude of nonjudgmental observation: don't ask how what 
<em>should</em> happen, just study what does happen."
-msgstr "C'est une erreur de d&eacute;crire notre communaut&eacute; (ou toute 
communaut&eacute;) comme un &laquo;&nbsp;&eacute;cosyst&egrave;me&nbsp;&raquo;, 
car ce mot implique l'absence (1) d'intentions et (2) d'&eacute;thique. Dans un 
&eacute;cosyst&egrave;me, les esp&egrave;ces &eacute;voluent en fonction de 
leur forme. Si l'une est faible, elle s'&eacute;teint, et ce n'est ni bien, ni 
mal, seulement un phénomène écologique. Le terme 
&laquo;&nbsp;&eacute;cosyst&egrave;me&nbsp;&raquo; sugg&egrave;re implicitement 
une attitude passive&nbsp;: &laquo;&nbsp;Ne demandez pas comment les choses 
<em>devraient</em> &ecirc;tre, regardez seulement ce qui leur 
arrive&nbsp;&raquo;."
-
-# type: Content of: <p>
-#| msgid ""
-#| "By contrast, beings that adopt an active stance towards their "
-#| "surroundings, and have ideas of ethical responsibility, can decide to "
-#| "preserve things that, on their own, would tend to vanish&mdash;such as "
-#| "civil society, democracy, human rights, peace, public health, clean air "
-#| "and water, endangered species, traditional arts, &hellip; and computer "
-#| "users' freedom."
-msgid "By contrast, beings that adopt an ethical stance towards their 
surroundings, and have ideas of ethical responsibility, can decide to preserve 
things that, on their own, would tend to vanish&mdash;such as civil society, 
democracy, human rights, peace, public health, clean air and water, endangered 
species, traditional arts&hellip;and computer users' freedom."
-msgstr "Par contraste, les &ecirc;tres vivants qui adoptent une attitude 
active sur leur environnement et qui ont une responsabilit&eacute; 
&eacute;thique, peuvent d&eacute;cider de pr&eacute;server quelque chose qui, 
seule, tendrait &agrave; s'&eacute;teindre&nbsp;: comme la 
soci&eacute;t&eacute; civile, la d&eacute;mocratie, les droits de l'Homme, la 
paix, la sant&eacute; publique, &hellip; ou la libert&eacute; des utilisateurs 
d'ordinateurs."
+msgid ""
+"It is a mistake to describe the free software community, or any human "
+"community, as an &ldquo;ecosystem,&rdquo; because that word implies the "
+"absence of (1) intention and (2) ethics.  In an ecosystem, species evolve "
+"according to their fitness: if a species is weak and goes extinct, that's "
+"neither right nor wrong, merely an ecological phenomenon.  The term &ldquo;"
+"ecosystem&rdquo; implicitly suggests a attitude of nonjudgmental "
+"observation: don't ask how what <em>should</em> happen, just study what does "
+"happen."
+msgstr ""
+"C'est une erreur de d&eacute;crire notre communaut&eacute; (ou toute "
+"communaut&eacute;) comme un &laquo;&nbsp;&eacute;cosyst&egrave;me&nbsp;"
+"&raquo;, car ce mot implique l'absence (1) d'intentions et (2) d'&eacute;"
+"thique. Dans un &eacute;cosyst&egrave;me, les esp&egrave;ces &eacute;voluent "
+"en fonction de leur forme. Si l'une est faible, elle s'&eacute;teint, et ce "
+"n'est ni bien, ni mal, seulement un phénomène écologique. Le terme &laquo;"
+"&nbsp;&eacute;cosyst&egrave;me&nbsp;&raquo; sugg&egrave;re implicitement une "
+"attitude passive&nbsp;: &laquo;&nbsp;Ne demandez pas comment les choses "
+"<em>devraient</em> &ecirc;tre, regardez seulement ce qui leur arrive&nbsp;"
+"&raquo;."
+
+# type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"By contrast, beings that adopt an ethical stance towards their surroundings, "
+"and have ideas of ethical responsibility, can decide to preserve things "
+"that, on their own, would tend to vanish&mdash;such as civil society, "
+"democracy, human rights, peace, public health, clean air and water, "
+"endangered species, traditional arts&hellip;and computer users' freedom."
+msgstr ""
+"Par contraste, les &ecirc;tres vivants qui adoptent une attitude active sur "
+"leur environnement et qui ont une responsabilit&eacute; &eacute;thique, "
+"peuvent d&eacute;cider de pr&eacute;server quelque chose qui, seule, "
+"tendrait &agrave; s'&eacute;teindre&nbsp;: comme la soci&eacute;t&eacute; "
+"civile, la d&eacute;mocratie, les droits de l'Homme, la paix, la "
+"sant&eacute; publique, &hellip; ou la libert&eacute; des utilisateurs "
+"d'ordinateurs."
 
 # type: Content of: <h4>
 msgid "&ldquo;For free&rdquo;"
 msgstr "&laquo;&nbsp;Gratuitement&nbsp;&raquo;"
 
 # type: Content of: <p>
-msgid "If you want to say that a program is free software, please don't say 
that it is available &ldquo;for free.&rdquo; That term specifically means 
&ldquo;for zero price.&rdquo; Free software is a matter of freedom, not price."
-msgstr "Si vous voulez dire qu'un programme est un logiciel libre, ne dites 
pas qu'il est disponible gratuitement. Ce terme signifie 
&laquo;&nbsp;z&eacute;ro franc&nbsp;&raquo;. L'important, dans le logiciel 
libre, c'est la libert&eacute;, pas le prix."
-
-# type: Content of: <p>
-msgid "Free software copies are often available for free&mdash;for example, by 
downloading via FTP.  But free software copies are also available for a price 
on CD-ROMs; meanwhile, proprietary software copies are occasionally available 
for free in promotions, and some proprietary packages are normally available at 
no charge to certain users."
-msgstr "Le logiciel libre est souvent distribu&eacute; gratuitement, par 
exemple sur des serveurs FTP. Mais des copies de logiciels libres sont aussi 
disponibles sur des CD-ROM payants et des copies de logiciels 
propri&eacute;taires peuvent &ecirc;tre occasionnellement disponibles 
gratuitement dans des promotions et certains logiciels propri&eacute;taires 
sont normalement disponibles gratuitement pour certains utilisateurs."
-
-# type: Content of: <p>
-msgid "To avoid confusion, you can say that the program is available &ldquo;as 
free software.&rdquo;"
-msgstr "Pour &eacute;viter toute confusion, vous pouvez dire que le programme 
est disponible &laquo;&nbsp;librement&nbsp;&raquo;."
+msgid ""
+"If you want to say that a program is free software, please don't say that it "
+"is available &ldquo;for free.&rdquo; That term specifically means &ldquo;for "
+"zero price.&rdquo; Free software is a matter of freedom, not price."
+msgstr ""
+"Si vous voulez dire qu'un programme est un logiciel libre, ne dites pas "
+"qu'il est disponible gratuitement. Ce terme signifie &laquo;&nbsp;z&eacute;"
+"ro franc&nbsp;&raquo;. L'important, dans le logiciel libre, c'est la "
+"libert&eacute;, pas le prix."
+
+# type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"Free software copies are often available for free&mdash;for example, by "
+"downloading via FTP.  But free software copies are also available for a "
+"price on CD-ROMs; meanwhile, proprietary software copies are occasionally "
+"available for free in promotions, and some proprietary packages are normally "
+"available at no charge to certain users."
+msgstr ""
+"Le logiciel libre est souvent distribu&eacute; gratuitement, par exemple sur "
+"des serveurs FTP. Mais des copies de logiciels libres sont aussi disponibles "
+"sur des CD-ROM payants et des copies de logiciels propri&eacute;taires "
+"peuvent &ecirc;tre occasionnellement disponibles gratuitement dans des "
+"promotions et certains logiciels propri&eacute;taires sont normalement "
+"disponibles gratuitement pour certains utilisateurs."
+
+# type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"To avoid confusion, you can say that the program is available &ldquo;as free "
+"software.&rdquo;"
+msgstr ""
+"Pour &eacute;viter toute confusion, vous pouvez dire que le programme est "
+"disponible &laquo;&nbsp;librement&nbsp;&raquo;."
 
 # type: Content of: <h4>
-#| msgid "&ldquo;Freely Available&rdquo;"
 msgid "&ldquo;Freely available&rdquo;"
 msgstr "&laquo;&nbsp;Disponible gratuitement&nbsp;&raquo;"
 
 # type: Content of: <p>
-#| msgid ""
-#| "Don't use &ldquo;freely available&rdquo; as a synonym for &ldquo;free "
-#| "software.&rdquo; They are not equivalent.  &ldquo;Freely available&rdquo; "
-#| "means that anyone can easily get a copy.  &ldquo;Free software&rdquo; is "
-#| "defined in terms of the freedom of users that have a copy.  These are "
-#| "answers to different questions."
-msgid "Don't use &ldquo;freely available software&rdquo; as a synonym for 
&ldquo;free software.&rdquo; The terms are not equivalent.  Software is 
&ldquo;freely available&rdquo; if anyone can easily get a copy.  &ldquo;Free 
software&rdquo; is defined in terms of the freedom of users that have a copy of 
it.  These are answers to different questions."
-msgstr "N'utilisez pas &laquo;&nbsp;disponible gratuitement&nbsp;&raquo; comme 
synonyme de &laquo;&nbsp;logiciel libre&nbsp;&raquo;. Ils ne sont pas 
&eacute;quivalents. &laquo;&nbsp;Disponible gratuitement&nbsp;&raquo; signifie 
que tout le monde peut facilement obtenir une copie. &laquo;&nbsp;Logiciel 
libre&nbsp;&raquo; est d&eacute;fini en termes de la libert&eacute; des 
utilisateurs qui ont une copie. Ce sont des r&eacute;ponses &agrave; 
diff&eacute;rentes questions."
+msgid ""
+"Don't use &ldquo;freely available software&rdquo; as a synonym for &ldquo;"
+"free software.&rdquo; The terms are not equivalent.  Software is &ldquo;"
+"freely available&rdquo; if anyone can easily get a copy.  &ldquo;Free "
+"software&rdquo; is defined in terms of the freedom of users that have a copy "
+"of it.  These are answers to different questions."
+msgstr ""
+"N'utilisez pas &laquo;&nbsp;disponible gratuitement&nbsp;&raquo; comme "
+"synonyme de &laquo;&nbsp;logiciel libre&nbsp;&raquo;. Ils ne sont pas "
+"&eacute;quivalents. &laquo;&nbsp;Disponible gratuitement&nbsp;&raquo; "
+"signifie que tout le monde peut facilement obtenir une copie. &laquo;&nbsp;"
+"Logiciel libre&nbsp;&raquo; est d&eacute;fini en termes de la libert&eacute; "
+"des utilisateurs qui ont une copie. Ce sont des r&eacute;ponses &agrave; "
+"diff&eacute;rentes questions."
 
 # type: Content of: <h4>
 msgid "&ldquo;Freeware&rdquo;"
 msgstr "&laquo;&nbsp;Freeware (graticiel)&nbsp;&raquo;"
 
 # type: Content of: <p>
-msgid "Please don't use the term &ldquo;freeware&rdquo; as a synonym for 
&ldquo;free software.&rdquo; The term &ldquo;freeware&rdquo; was used often in 
the 1980s for programs released only as executables, with source code not 
available.  Today it has no particular agreed-on definition."
-msgstr "Veuillez ne pas utiliser le terme &laquo;&nbsp;freeware&nbsp;&raquo; 
comme un synonyme de &laquo;&nbsp;logiciel libre&nbsp;&raquo;. Le terme 
&laquo;&nbsp;freeware&nbsp;&raquo; &eacute;tait souvent utilis&eacute; dans les 
ann&eacute;es 80 pour des programmes distribu&eacute;s uniquement sous leur 
forme ex&eacute;cutable, sans le code source. Aujourd'hui, ce terme n'a pas 
vraiment de d&eacute;finition accept&eacute;e."
-
-# type: Content of: <p>
-#| msgid ""
-#| "Also, if you use other languages than English, please try to avoid "
-#| "borrowing English terms such as &ldquo;free software&rdquo; or &ldquo;"
-#| "freeware.&rdquo; It is better to translate the term &ldquo;free "
-#| "software&rdquo; into <a href=\"/philosophy/fs-translations.html\">your "
-#| "language</a>."
-msgid "When using languages other than English, please avoid borrowing English 
terms such as &ldquo;free software&rdquo; or &ldquo;freeware.&rdquo; It is 
better to translate the term &ldquo;free software&rdquo; into <a 
href=\"/philosophy/fs-translations.html\">your language</a>."
-msgstr "Si vous utilisez d'autres langues que l'anglais, essayez 
d'&eacute;viter &eacute;galement d'employer des mots emprunt&eacute;s &agrave; 
l'anglais tels que &laquo;&nbsp;free software&nbsp;&raquo; ou 
&laquo;&nbsp;freeware&nbsp;&raquo;. Essayez d'utiliser le terme le moins ambigu 
que <a href=\"/philosophy/fs-translations.fr.html\">votre langue</a> offre, par 
exemple."
-
-# type: Content of: <p>
-msgid "By using a word in <a href=\"/philosophy/fs-translations.html\">your 
own language</a>, you show that you are really referring to freedom and not 
just parroting some mysterious foreign marketing concept.  The reference to 
freedom may at first seem strange or disturbing to your compatriots, but once 
they see that it means exactly what it says, they will really understand what 
the issue is."
-msgstr "En utilisant un mot de <a 
href=\"/philosophy/fs-translations.fr.html\">votre propre langue</a>, vous 
montrez que vous vous r&eacute;f&eacute;rez bien &agrave; la libert&eacute; et 
que vous ne vous contentez pas d'imiter un myst&eacute;rieux concept de 
marketing venant de l'&eacute;tranger. La r&eacute;f&eacute;rence &agrave; la 
libert&eacute; peut, &agrave; premi&egrave;re vue, sembler &eacute;trange ou 
perturbante pour vos compatriotes, mais ils s'y habitueront vite et 
d&eacute;couvriront ainsi le v&eacute;ritable message v&eacute;hicul&eacute; 
par le logiciel libre."
+msgid ""
+"Please don't use the term &ldquo;freeware&rdquo; as a synonym for &ldquo;"
+"free software.&rdquo; The term &ldquo;freeware&rdquo; was used often in the "
+"1980s for programs released only as executables, with source code not "
+"available.  Today it has no particular agreed-on definition."
+msgstr ""
+"Veuillez ne pas utiliser le terme &laquo;&nbsp;freeware&nbsp;&raquo; comme "
+"un synonyme de &laquo;&nbsp;logiciel libre&nbsp;&raquo;. Le terme &laquo;"
+"&nbsp;freeware&nbsp;&raquo; &eacute;tait souvent utilis&eacute; dans les "
+"ann&eacute;es 80 pour des programmes distribu&eacute;s uniquement sous leur "
+"forme ex&eacute;cutable, sans le code source. Aujourd'hui, ce terme n'a pas "
+"vraiment de d&eacute;finition accept&eacute;e."
+
+# type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"When using languages other than English, please avoid borrowing English "
+"terms such as &ldquo;free software&rdquo; or &ldquo;freeware.&rdquo; It is "
+"better to translate the term &ldquo;free software&rdquo; into <a href=\"/"
+"philosophy/fs-translations.html\">your language</a>."
+msgstr ""
+"Si vous utilisez d'autres langues que l'anglais, essayez d'&eacute;viter "
+"&eacute;galement d'employer des mots emprunt&eacute;s &agrave; l'anglais "
+"tels que &laquo;&nbsp;free software&nbsp;&raquo; ou &laquo;&nbsp;"
+"freeware&nbsp;&raquo;. Essayez d'utiliser le terme le moins ambigu que <a "
+"href=\"/philosophy/fs-translations.fr.html\">votre langue</a> offre, par "
+"exemple."
+
+# type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"By using a word in <a href=\"/philosophy/fs-translations.html\">your own "
+"language</a>, you show that you are really referring to freedom and not just "
+"parroting some mysterious foreign marketing concept.  The reference to "
+"freedom may at first seem strange or disturbing to your compatriots, but "
+"once they see that it means exactly what it says, they will really "
+"understand what the issue is."
+msgstr ""
+"En utilisant un mot de <a href=\"/philosophy/fs-translations.fr.html\">votre "
+"propre langue</a>, vous montrez que vous vous r&eacute;f&eacute;rez bien "
+"&agrave; la libert&eacute; et que vous ne vous contentez pas d'imiter un "
+"myst&eacute;rieux concept de marketing venant de l'&eacute;tranger. La "
+"r&eacute;f&eacute;rence &agrave; la libert&eacute; peut, &agrave; "
+"premi&egrave;re vue, sembler &eacute;trange ou perturbante pour vos "
+"compatriotes, mais ils s'y habitueront vite et d&eacute;couvriront ainsi le "
+"v&eacute;ritable message v&eacute;hicul&eacute; par le logiciel libre."
 
 # type: Content of: <h4>
 msgid "&ldquo;Give away software&rdquo;"
 msgstr "&laquo;&nbsp;Donner des logiciels&nbsp;&raquo;"
 
 # type: Content of: <p>
-#| msgid ""
-#| "It's misleading to use the term &ldquo;give away&rdquo; to mean &ldquo;"
-#| "distribute a program as free software.&rdquo; It has the same problem as "
-#| "&ldquo;for free&rdquo;: it implies the issue is price, not freedom.  One "
-#| "way to avoid the confusion is to say &ldquo;release as free software."
-#| "&rdquo;"
-msgid "It's misleading to use the term &ldquo;give away&rdquo; to mean 
&ldquo;distribute a program as free software.&rdquo; This locution has the same 
problem as &ldquo;for free&rdquo;: it implies the issue is price, not freedom.  
One way to avoid the confusion is to say &ldquo;release as free 
software.&rdquo;"
-msgstr "Utiliser le terme &laquo;&nbsp;donner&nbsp;&raquo; au lieu de 
&laquo;&nbsp;distribuer un programme comme logiciel libre&nbsp;&raquo; induit 
en erreur. Le probl&egrave;me est le m&ecirc;me qu'avec 
&laquo;&nbsp;gratuitement&nbsp;&raquo;&nbsp;: cela implique que le 
probl&egrave;me est le prix, pas la libert&eacute;. Une fa&ccedil;on 
d'&eacute;viter la confusion est de dire &laquo;&nbsp;distribuer en tant que 
logiciel libre&nbsp;&raquo;."
+msgid ""
+"It's misleading to use the term &ldquo;give away&rdquo; to mean &ldquo;"
+"distribute a program as free software.&rdquo; This locution has the same "
+"problem as &ldquo;for free&rdquo;: it implies the issue is price, not "
+"freedom.  One way to avoid the confusion is to say &ldquo;release as free "
+"software.&rdquo;"
+msgstr ""
+"Utiliser le terme &laquo;&nbsp;donner&nbsp;&raquo; au lieu de &laquo;&nbsp;"
+"distribuer un programme comme logiciel libre&nbsp;&raquo; induit en erreur. "
+"Le probl&egrave;me est le m&ecirc;me qu'avec &laquo;&nbsp;gratuitement&nbsp;"
+"&raquo;&nbsp;: cela implique que le probl&egrave;me est le prix, pas la "
+"libert&eacute;. Une fa&ccedil;on d'&eacute;viter la confusion est de dire "
+"&laquo;&nbsp;distribuer en tant que logiciel libre&nbsp;&raquo;."
 
 # type: Content of: <h4>
 msgid "Hacker"
 msgstr "&laquo;&nbsp;Hacker&nbsp;&raquo;"
 
 # type: Content of: <p>
-#| msgid ""
-#| "A hacker is someone who <a href=\"http://stallman.org/articles/on-hacking.";
-#| "html\"> enjoys playful cleverness</a>&mdash;not necessarily with "
-#| "computers.  The programmers in the old <abbr title=\"Massachusetts "
-#| "Institute of Technology\">MIT</abbr> free software community of the 60s "
-#| "and 70s referred to themselves as hackers.  Around 1980, journalists who "
-#| "discovered the hacker community mistakenly took the term to mean &ldquo;"
-#| "security breaker&rdquo;."
-msgid "A hacker is someone who <a 
href=\"http://stallman.org/articles/on-hacking.html\";> enjoys playful 
cleverness</a>&mdash;not necessarily with computers.  The programmers in the 
old <abbr title=\"Massachusetts Institute of Technology\">MIT</abbr> free 
software community of the 60s and 70s referred to themselves as hackers.  
Around 1980, journalists who discovered the hacker community mistakenly took 
the term to mean &ldquo;security breaker.&rdquo;"
-msgstr "Un hacker est quelqu'un qui <a 
href=\"http://stallman.org/articles/on-hacking.html\";>appr&eacute;cie 
l'intelligence enjou&eacute;e</a>&mdash;pas n&eacute;cessairement avec les 
ordinateurs. Les programmeurs de l'ancienne communaut&eacute; du logiciel libre 
des ann&eacute;es 60 et 70 du <abbr title=\"Massachusetts Institute of 
Technology\">M.I.T.</abbr> s'identifiaient eux-m&ecirc;mes comme des hackers. 
Aux environs de 1980, des journalistes qui d&eacute;couvraient la 
communaut&eacute; des hackers, se sont m&eacute;pris sur ce terme et l'ont 
assimil&eacute; &agrave; &laquo;&nbsp;casseurs de 
s&eacute;curit&eacute;&nbsp;&raquo;."
-
-# type: Content of: <p>
-#| msgid ""
-#| "Please don't spread this mistake.  People who break security are &ldquo;"
-#| "crackers&rdquo;."
-msgid "Please don't spread this mistake.  People who break security are 
&ldquo;crackers.&rdquo;"
-msgstr "Veuillez ne pas r&eacute;pandre cette erreur. Les personnes qui 
cassent la s&eacute;curit&eacute; sont des &laquo;&nbsp;crackers&nbsp;&raquo;."
+msgid ""
+"A hacker is someone who <a href=\"http://stallman.org/articles/on-hacking.";
+"html\"> enjoys playful cleverness</a>&mdash;not necessarily with computers.  "
+"The programmers in the old <abbr title=\"Massachusetts Institute of "
+"Technology\">MIT</abbr> free software community of the 60s and 70s referred "
+"to themselves as hackers.  Around 1980, journalists who discovered the "
+"hacker community mistakenly took the term to mean &ldquo;security breaker."
+"&rdquo;"
+msgstr ""
+"Un hacker est quelqu'un qui <a href=\"http://stallman.org/articles/on-";
+"hacking.html\">appr&eacute;cie l'intelligence enjou&eacute;e</a>&mdash;pas "
+"n&eacute;cessairement avec les ordinateurs. Les programmeurs de l'ancienne "
+"communaut&eacute; du logiciel libre des ann&eacute;es 60 et 70 du <abbr "
+"title=\"Massachusetts Institute of Technology\">M.I.T.</abbr> "
+"s'identifiaient eux-m&ecirc;mes comme des hackers. Aux environs de 1980, des "
+"journalistes qui d&eacute;couvraient la communaut&eacute; des hackers, se "
+"sont m&eacute;pris sur ce terme et l'ont assimil&eacute; &agrave; &laquo;"
+"&nbsp;casseurs de s&eacute;curit&eacute;&nbsp;&raquo;."
+
+# type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"Please don't spread this mistake.  People who break security are &ldquo;"
+"crackers.&rdquo;"
+msgstr ""
+"Veuillez ne pas r&eacute;pandre cette erreur. Les personnes qui cassent la "
+"s&eacute;curit&eacute; sont des &laquo;&nbsp;crackers&nbsp;&raquo;."
 
 # type: Content of: <h4>
 msgid "&ldquo;Intellectual property&rdquo;"
 msgstr "&laquo;&nbsp;Propri&eacute;t&eacute; Intellectuelle&nbsp;&raquo;"
 
 # type: Content of: <p>
-#| msgid ""
-#| "Publishers and lawyers like to describe copyright as &ldquo;intellectual "
-#| "property&rdquo;&mdash;a term that also includes patents, trademarks, and "
-#| "other more obscure areas of law.  These laws have so little in common, "
-#| "and differ so much, that it is ill-advised to generalize about them.  It "
-#| "is best to talk specifically about &ldquo;copyright,&rdquo; or about "
-#| "&ldquo;patents,&rdquo; or about &ldquo;trademarks.&rdquo;"
-msgid "Publishers and lawyers like to describe copyright as 
&ldquo;intellectual property&rdquo;&mdash;a term also applied to patents, 
trademarks, and other more obscure areas of law.  These laws have so little in 
common, and differ so much, that it is ill-advised to generalize about them.  
It is best to talk specifically about &ldquo;copyright,&rdquo; or about 
&ldquo;patents,&rdquo; or about &ldquo;trademarks.&rdquo;"
-msgstr "Les &eacute;diteurs et les juristes aiment assimiler le copyright 
&agrave; la &laquo;&nbsp;propri&eacute;t&eacute; intellectuelle&nbsp;&raquo; 
&mdash;&nbsp;un terme qui inclut aussi les brevets, les marques 
d&eacute;pos&eacute;es et d'autres zones plus obscures de la loi. Ces lois ont 
si peu de choses en commun, et diff&egrave;rent tant, qu'il serait 
mal-avis&eacute; de faire des g&eacute;n&eacute;ralisations. Il est beaucoup 
mieux de parler sp&eacute;cifiquement de &laquo;&nbsp;copyright&nbsp;&raquo;, 
de &laquo;&nbsp;brevets&nbsp;&raquo; ou de &laquo;&nbsp;marques 
d&eacute;pos&eacute;es&nbsp;&raquo;."
-
-# type: Content of: <p>
-#| msgid ""
-#| "The term &ldquo;intellectual property&rdquo; carries a hidden "
-#| "assumption&mdash;that the way to think about all these disparate issues "
-#| "is based on an analogy with physical objects, and our ideas of physical "
-#| "property."
-msgid "The term &ldquo;intellectual property&rdquo; carries a hidden 
assumption&mdash;that the way to think about all these disparate issues is 
based on an analogy with physical objects, and our conception of them as 
physical property."
-msgstr "Le terme &laquo;&nbsp;propri&eacute;t&eacute; 
intellectuelle&nbsp;&raquo; contient un postulat cach&eacute;&nbsp;: que la 
fa&ccedil;on naturelle de penser &agrave; ces divers probl&egrave;mes est 
bas&eacute;e sur une analogie avec les objets physiques, et la fa&ccedil;on 
dont nous les envisageons comme &eacute;tant notre propri&eacute;t&eacute;."
-
-# type: Content of: <p>
-msgid "When it comes to copying, this analogy disregards the crucial 
difference between material objects and information: information can be copied 
and shared almost effortlessly, while material objects can't be."
-msgstr "Quand il s'agit de copie, cette analogie n&eacute;glige la 
diff&eacute;rence cruciale entre des objets mat&eacute;riels et 
l'information&nbsp;: l'information peut &ecirc;tre copi&eacute;e et 
partag&eacute;e presque sans effort, alors que ce n'est pas possible avec les 
objets mat&eacute;riels."
-
-# type: Content of: <p>
-#| msgid ""
-#| "To avoid the bias and confusion of this term, it is best to make a firm "
-#| "decision <a href=\"/philosophy/not-ipr.html\"> not to speak or even think "
-#| "in terms of &ldquo;intellectual property&rdquo;</a>."
-msgid "To avoid spreading unnecessary bias and confusion, it is best to adopt 
a firm policy <a href=\"/philosophy/not-ipr.html\"> not to speak or even think 
in terms of &ldquo;intellectual property&rdquo;</a>."
-msgstr "Pour &eacute;viter la m&eacute;prise et la confusion de ce terme, il 
est pr&eacute;f&eacute;rable <a href=\"/philosophy/not-ipr.fr.html\">de ne pas 
parler ni m&ecirc;me de penser en termes de 
&laquo;&nbsp;propri&eacute;t&eacute; intellectuelle&nbsp;&raquo;</a>."
-
-# type: Content of: <p>
-#| msgid ""
-#| "The hypocrisy of calling these powers &ldquo;rights&rdquo; is <a href=\"/"
-#| "philosophy/wipo-PublicAwarenessOfCopyright-2002.html\"> starting to make "
-#| "WIPO embarrassed</a>."
-msgid "The hypocrisy of calling these powers &ldquo;rights&rdquo; is <a 
href=\"/philosophy/wipo-PublicAwarenessOfCopyright-2002.html\"> starting to 
make the World &ldquo;Intellectual Property&rdquo; Organization 
embarrassed</a>."
-msgstr "L'hypocrisie d'appeler ces pouvoirs «&nbsp;droits&nbsp;» <a 
href=\"/philosophy/wipo-PublicAwarenessOfCopyright-2002.fr.html\">commence à 
embarasser l'Organisation mondiale de la «&nbsp;propriété 
intellectuelle&nbsp;»</a>."
+msgid ""
+"Publishers and lawyers like to describe copyright as &ldquo;intellectual "
+"property&rdquo;&mdash;a term also applied to patents, trademarks, and other "
+"more obscure areas of law.  These laws have so little in common, and differ "
+"so much, that it is ill-advised to generalize about them.  It is best to "
+"talk specifically about &ldquo;copyright,&rdquo; or about &ldquo;patents,"
+"&rdquo; or about &ldquo;trademarks.&rdquo;"
+msgstr ""
+"Les &eacute;diteurs et les juristes aiment assimiler le copyright &agrave; "
+"la &laquo;&nbsp;propri&eacute;t&eacute; intellectuelle&nbsp;&raquo; &mdash;"
+"&nbsp;un terme qui inclut aussi les brevets, les marques d&eacute;pos&eacute;"
+"es et d'autres zones plus obscures de la loi. Ces lois ont si peu de choses "
+"en commun, et diff&egrave;rent tant, qu'il serait mal-avis&eacute; de faire "
+"des g&eacute;n&eacute;ralisations. Il est beaucoup mieux de parler sp&eacute;"
+"cifiquement de &laquo;&nbsp;copyright&nbsp;&raquo;, de &laquo;&nbsp;"
+"brevets&nbsp;&raquo; ou de &laquo;&nbsp;marques d&eacute;pos&eacute;es&nbsp;"
+"&raquo;."
+
+# type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"The term &ldquo;intellectual property&rdquo; carries a hidden "
+"assumption&mdash;that the way to think about all these disparate issues is "
+"based on an analogy with physical objects, and our conception of them as "
+"physical property."
+msgstr ""
+"Le terme &laquo;&nbsp;propri&eacute;t&eacute; intellectuelle&nbsp;&raquo; "
+"contient un postulat cach&eacute;&nbsp;: que la fa&ccedil;on naturelle de "
+"penser &agrave; ces divers probl&egrave;mes est bas&eacute;e sur une "
+"analogie avec les objets physiques, et la fa&ccedil;on dont nous les "
+"envisageons comme &eacute;tant notre propri&eacute;t&eacute;."
+
+# type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"When it comes to copying, this analogy disregards the crucial difference "
+"between material objects and information: information can be copied and "
+"shared almost effortlessly, while material objects can't be."
+msgstr ""
+"Quand il s'agit de copie, cette analogie n&eacute;glige la diff&eacute;rence "
+"cruciale entre des objets mat&eacute;riels et l'information&nbsp;: "
+"l'information peut &ecirc;tre copi&eacute;e et partag&eacute;e presque sans "
+"effort, alors que ce n'est pas possible avec les objets mat&eacute;riels."
+
+# type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"To avoid spreading unnecessary bias and confusion, it is best to adopt a "
+"firm policy <a href=\"/philosophy/not-ipr.html\"> not to speak or even think "
+"in terms of &ldquo;intellectual property&rdquo;</a>."
+msgstr ""
+"Pour &eacute;viter la m&eacute;prise et la confusion de ce terme, il est "
+"pr&eacute;f&eacute;rable <a href=\"/philosophy/not-ipr.fr.html\">de ne pas "
+"parler ni m&ecirc;me de penser en termes de &laquo;&nbsp;propri&eacute;"
+"t&eacute; intellectuelle&nbsp;&raquo;</a>."
+
+# type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"The hypocrisy of calling these powers &ldquo;rights&rdquo; is <a href=\"/"
+"philosophy/wipo-PublicAwarenessOfCopyright-2002.html\"> starting to make the "
+"World &ldquo;Intellectual Property&rdquo; Organization embarrassed</a>."
+msgstr ""
+"L'hypocrisie d'appeler ces pouvoirs «&nbsp;droits&nbsp;» <a href=\"/"
+"philosophy/wipo-PublicAwarenessOfCopyright-2002.fr.html\">commence à "
+"embarasser l'Organisation mondiale de la «&nbsp;propriété "
+"intellectuelle&nbsp;»</a>."
 
 # type: Content of: <h4>
 msgid "&ldquo;LAMP system&rdquo;"
 msgstr "&laquo;&nbsp;Syst&egrave;me LAMP&nbsp;&raquo;"
 
 # type: Content of: <p>
-#| msgid ""
-#| "&ldquo;LAMP&rdquo; stands for &ldquo;Linux, Apache, MySQL and PHP&rdquo;"
-#| "&mdash;a common combination of software to use on a web server, except "
-#| "that &ldquo;Linux&rdquo; really refers to the GNU/Linux system.  So "
-#| "instead of &ldquo;LAMP&rdquo; it should be &ldquo;GLAMP&rdquo;: &ldquo;"
-#| "GNU, Linux, Apache, MySQL and PHP&rdquo;."
-msgid "&ldquo;LAMP&rdquo; stands for &ldquo;Linux, Apache, MySQL and 
PHP&rdquo;&mdash;a common combination of software to use on a Web server, 
except that &ldquo;Linux&rdquo; in this context really refers to the GNU/Linux 
system.  So instead of &ldquo;LAMP&rdquo; it should be &ldquo;GLAMP&rdquo;: 
&ldquo;GNU, Linux, Apache, MySQL and PHP.&rdquo;"
-msgstr "&laquo;&nbsp;LAMP&nbsp;&raquo; signifie &laquo;&nbsp;Linux, Apache, 
MySQL et PHP&nbsp;&raquo; &mdash;&nbsp;une combinaison courante de logiciels 
&agrave; utiliser sur un serveur Web, sauf que &laquo;&nbsp;Linux&nbsp;&raquo; 
se r&eacute;f&egrave;re vraiment au syst&egrave;me GNU/Linux. Donc, au lieu de 
&laquo;&nbsp;LAMP&nbsp;&raquo; ce devrait &ecirc;tre 
&laquo;&nbsp;GLAMP&nbsp;&raquo;&nbsp;: &laquo;&nbsp;GNU, Linux, Apache, MySQL 
and PHP&nbsp;&raquo;."
+msgid ""
+"&ldquo;LAMP&rdquo; stands for &ldquo;Linux, Apache, MySQL and PHP&rdquo;"
+"&mdash;a common combination of software to use on a Web server, except that "
+"&ldquo;Linux&rdquo; in this context really refers to the GNU/Linux system.  "
+"So instead of &ldquo;LAMP&rdquo; it should be &ldquo;GLAMP&rdquo;: &ldquo;"
+"GNU, Linux, Apache, MySQL and PHP.&rdquo;"
+msgstr ""
+"&laquo;&nbsp;LAMP&nbsp;&raquo; signifie &laquo;&nbsp;Linux, Apache, MySQL et "
+"PHP&nbsp;&raquo; &mdash;&nbsp;une combinaison courante de logiciels &agrave; "
+"utiliser sur un serveur Web, sauf que &laquo;&nbsp;Linux&nbsp;&raquo; se "
+"r&eacute;f&egrave;re vraiment au syst&egrave;me GNU/Linux. Donc, au lieu de "
+"&laquo;&nbsp;LAMP&nbsp;&raquo; ce devrait &ecirc;tre &laquo;&nbsp;GLAMP&nbsp;"
+"&raquo;&nbsp;: &laquo;&nbsp;GNU, Linux, Apache, MySQL and PHP&nbsp;&raquo;."
 
 # type: Content of: <h4>
 msgid "Linux system"
 msgstr "«&nbsp;Système Linux&nbsp;»"
 
 # type: Content of: <p>
-#| msgid ""
-#| "Linux is the name of the kernel that Linus Torvalds developed starting in "
-#| "1991.  The operating system in which Linux is used is basically GNU with "
-#| "Linux added.  To call the whole system &ldquo;Linux&rdquo; is both unfair "
-#| "and confusing.  Please call the complete system <a href=\"/gnu/linux-and-"
-#| "gnu.html\"> GNU/Linux</a>, both to give the GNU Project credit and "
-#| "distinguish the whole system from the kernel alone."
-msgid "Linux is the name of the kernel that Linus Torvalds developed starting 
in 1991.  The operating system in which Linux is used is basically GNU with 
Linux added.  To call the whole system &ldquo;Linux&rdquo; is both unfair and 
confusing.  Please call the complete system <a 
href=\"/gnu/linux-and-gnu.html\"> GNU/Linux</a>, both to give the GNU Project 
credit and to distinguish the whole system from the kernel alone."
-msgstr "Linux est le nom du noyau que Linus Torvalds a développé à partir 
de 1991. Le système d'exploitation dans lequel Linux est utiliséest 
basiquement GNU avec Linux ajouté. Appeler tout le système 
«&nbsp;Linux&nbsp;» est à la fois injuste et mène à la confusion. Veuillez 
appeler le système complet <a 
href=\"/gnu/linux-and-gnu.fr.html\">GNU/Linux</a>, pour donner à la le crédit 
au Projet GNU et pour distinguer le système complet du noyau seul."
+msgid ""
+"Linux is the name of the kernel that Linus Torvalds developed starting in "
+"1991.  The operating system in which Linux is used is basically GNU with "
+"Linux added.  To call the whole system &ldquo;Linux&rdquo; is both unfair "
+"and confusing.  Please call the complete system <a href=\"/gnu/linux-and-gnu."
+"html\"> GNU/Linux</a>, both to give the GNU Project credit and to "
+"distinguish the whole system from the kernel alone."
+msgstr ""
+"Linux est le nom du noyau que Linus Torvalds a développé à partir de 1991. 
"
+"Le système d'exploitation dans lequel Linux est utiliséest basiquement GNU "
+"avec Linux ajouté. Appeler tout le système «&nbsp;Linux&nbsp;» est à la 
fois "
+"injuste et mène à la confusion. Veuillez appeler le système complet <a 
href="
+"\"/gnu/linux-and-gnu.fr.html\">GNU/Linux</a>, pour donner à la le crédit au 
"
+"Projet GNU et pour distinguer le système complet du noyau seul."
 
 # type: Content of: <h4>
 msgid "&ldquo;Market&rdquo;"
 msgstr "&laquo;&nbsp;March&eacute;&nbsp;&raquo;"
 
 # type: Content of: <p>
-#| msgid ""
-#| "It is misleading to describe the users of free software, or the software "
-#| "users in general, as a &ldquo;market&rdquo;."
-msgid "It is misleading to describe the users of free software, or the 
software users in general, as a &ldquo;market.&rdquo;"
-msgstr "Il est trompeur de d&eacute;crire les utilisateurs de logiciels libres 
ou les utilisateurs de logiciels en g&eacute;n&eacute;ral en terme de 
&laquo;&nbsp;march&eacute;&nbsp;&raquo;."
-
-# type: Content of: <p>
-#| msgid ""
-#| "This is not to say we're against markets.  If you have a free software "
-#| "support business, then you have clients, and you trade with them in a "
-#| "market.  As long as you respect their freedom, we wish you success in "
-#| "your market."
-msgid "This is not to say there is no room for markets in the free software 
community.  If you have a free software support business, then you have 
clients, and you trade with them in a market.  As long as you respect their 
freedom, we wish you success in your market."
-msgstr "Cela ne veut pas dire que nous sommes contre les march&eacute;s. Si 
vous avez une soci&eacute;t&eacute; de services sur les logiciels libres, alors 
vous avez des clients et vous commercez avec eux dans un march&eacute;. Aussi 
longtemps que vous respectez leur libert&eacute;, nous vous souhaitons de 
r&eacute;ussir dans votre march&eacute;."
-
-# type: Content of: <p>
-#| msgid ""
-#| "But the free software movement is a social movement, not a business, and "
-#| "the success it aims for is not a market success.  We are trying to serve "
-#| "the public by giving it freedom&mdash;not competing to take them away "
-#| "from a rival.  To equate this campaign for freedom to a business' "
-#| "campaign for mere success is to diminish the significance of freedom."
-msgid "But the free software movement is a social movement, not a business, 
and the success it aims for is not a market success.  We are trying to serve 
the public by giving it freedom&mdash;not competing to draw business away from 
a rival.  To equate this campaign for freedom to a business' efforts for mere 
success is to deny the importance of freedom and legitimize proprietary 
software."
-msgstr "Mais le mouvement du logiciel libre est un mouvement social, pas une 
entreprise, et la r&eacute;ussite &agrave; laquelle il se destine n'est pas 
celle d'un march&eacute;. Nous essayons de servir le public en lui donnant la 
libert&eacute; &mdash;&nbsp;pas en essayant de les &eacute;loigner d'un 
concurrent. Assimiler la campagne pour la libert&eacute; &agrave; une campagne 
commerciale est un déni de l'importance de la liberté et légitimise le 
logiciel propriétaire."
+msgid ""
+"It is misleading to describe the users of free software, or the software "
+"users in general, as a &ldquo;market.&rdquo;"
+msgstr ""
+"Il est trompeur de d&eacute;crire les utilisateurs de logiciels libres ou "
+"les utilisateurs de logiciels en g&eacute;n&eacute;ral en terme de &laquo;"
+"&nbsp;march&eacute;&nbsp;&raquo;."
+
+# type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"This is not to say there is no room for markets in the free software "
+"community.  If you have a free software support business, then you have "
+"clients, and you trade with them in a market.  As long as you respect their "
+"freedom, we wish you success in your market."
+msgstr ""
+"Cela ne veut pas dire que nous sommes contre les march&eacute;s. Si vous "
+"avez une soci&eacute;t&eacute; de services sur les logiciels libres, alors "
+"vous avez des clients et vous commercez avec eux dans un march&eacute;. "
+"Aussi longtemps que vous respectez leur libert&eacute;, nous vous souhaitons "
+"de r&eacute;ussir dans votre march&eacute;."
+
+# type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"But the free software movement is a social movement, not a business, and the "
+"success it aims for is not a market success.  We are trying to serve the "
+"public by giving it freedom&mdash;not competing to draw business away from a "
+"rival.  To equate this campaign for freedom to a business' efforts for mere "
+"success is to deny the importance of freedom and legitimize proprietary "
+"software."
+msgstr ""
+"Mais le mouvement du logiciel libre est un mouvement social, pas une "
+"entreprise, et la r&eacute;ussite &agrave; laquelle il se destine n'est pas "
+"celle d'un march&eacute;. Nous essayons de servir le public en lui donnant "
+"la libert&eacute; &mdash;&nbsp;pas en essayant de les &eacute;loigner d'un "
+"concurrent. Assimiler la campagne pour la libert&eacute; &agrave; une "
+"campagne commerciale est un déni de l'importance de la liberté et 
légitimise "
+"le logiciel propriétaire."
 
 # type: Content of: <h4>
 msgid "&ldquo;MP3 player&rdquo;"
 msgstr "&laquo;&nbsp;Lecteur MP3&nbsp;&raquo;"
 
 # type: Content of: <p>
-#| msgid ""
-#| "In the late 1990's it became feasible to make portable, solid-state "
-#| "digital audio players. Most support the patented MP3 codec, but not all.  "
-#| "Some support the patent-free audio codecs Ogg Vorbis and FLAC, and may "
-#| "not even support MP3-encoded files at all, precisely to avoid the "
-#| "patents.  To call such players &ldquo;MP3 players&rdquo; is not only "
-#| "confusing, it also puts MP3 in an undeserved position of privilege which "
-#| "helps the patent holders continue to attack our community.  We suggest "
-#| "the terms &ldquo;digital audio player&rdquo;, or simply &ldquo;audio "
-#| "player&rdquo; if context permits."
-msgid "In the late 1990's it became feasible to make portable, solid-state 
digital audio players. Most support the patented MP3 codec, but not all.  Some 
support the patent-free audio codecs Ogg Vorbis and FLAC, and may not even 
support MP3-encoded files at all, precisely to avoid these patents.  To call 
such players &ldquo;MP3 players&rdquo; is not only confusing, it also puts MP3 
in an undeserved position of privilege which encourages people to continue 
using that vulnerable format.  We suggest the terms &ldquo;digital audio 
player,&rdquo; or simply &ldquo;audio player&rdquo; if context permits."
-msgstr "Vers la fin des ann&eacute;es 90, il est devenu possible de fabriquer 
des lecteurs audio num&eacute;riques, portables et compacts. La plupart 
supportent le codec brevet&eacute; MP3, mais pas tous. Certains supportent les 
codecs audio libres de brevet Ogg Vorbis et FLAC, et ne peuvent m&ecirc;me pas 
lire les fichiers encod&eacute;s en MP3, pr&eacute;cis&eacute;ment pour 
&eacute;viter les brevets. Appeler de tels lecteurs &laquo;&nbsp;lecteurs 
MP3&nbsp;&raquo; ne pr&ecirc;te pas seulement &agrave; confusion, mais cela met 
aussi MP3 dans une position privil&eacute;gi&eacute;e non m&eacute;rit&eacute;e 
qui aide les d&eacute;tenteurs du brevet &agrave; continuer &agrave; attaquer 
notre communaut&eacute;. Nous sugg&eacute;rons les termes &laquo;&nbsp;lecteur 
audio num&eacute;rique&nbsp;&raquo;, ou simplement &laquo;&nbsp;lecteur 
audio&nbsp;&raquo; si le contexte le permet."
+msgid ""
+"In the late 1990's it became feasible to make portable, solid-state digital "
+"audio players. Most support the patented MP3 codec, but not all.  Some "
+"support the patent-free audio codecs Ogg Vorbis and FLAC, and may not even "
+"support MP3-encoded files at all, precisely to avoid these patents.  To call "
+"such players &ldquo;MP3 players&rdquo; is not only confusing, it also puts "
+"MP3 in an undeserved position of privilege which encourages people to "
+"continue using that vulnerable format.  We suggest the terms &ldquo;digital "
+"audio player,&rdquo; or simply &ldquo;audio player&rdquo; if context permits."
+msgstr ""
+"Vers la fin des ann&eacute;es 90, il est devenu possible de fabriquer des "
+"lecteurs audio num&eacute;riques, portables et compacts. La plupart "
+"supportent le codec brevet&eacute; MP3, mais pas tous. Certains supportent "
+"les codecs audio libres de brevet Ogg Vorbis et FLAC, et ne peuvent m&ecirc;"
+"me pas lire les fichiers encod&eacute;s en MP3, pr&eacute;cis&eacute;ment "
+"pour &eacute;viter les brevets. Appeler de tels lecteurs &laquo;&nbsp;"
+"lecteurs MP3&nbsp;&raquo; ne pr&ecirc;te pas seulement &agrave; confusion, "
+"mais cela met aussi MP3 dans une position privil&eacute;gi&eacute;e non "
+"m&eacute;rit&eacute;e qui aide les d&eacute;tenteurs du brevet &agrave; "
+"continuer &agrave; attaquer notre communaut&eacute;. Nous sugg&eacute;rons "
+"les termes &laquo;&nbsp;lecteur audio num&eacute;rique&nbsp;&raquo;, ou "
+"simplement &laquo;&nbsp;lecteur audio&nbsp;&raquo; si le contexte le permet."
 
 # type: Content of: <h4>
 msgid "&ldquo;Open&rdquo;"
 msgstr "&laquo;&nbsp;Ouvert&nbsp;&raquo;"
 
 # type: Content of: <p>
-#| msgid ""
-#| "Please avoid using the term &ldquo;open&rdquo; or &ldquo;open "
-#| "source&rdquo; as a substitute for &ldquo;free software&rdquo;.  They "
-#| "refer to a <a href=\"/philosophy/open-source-misses-the-point.html\"> "
-#| "different position</a> based on different values.  Free software is a "
-#| "political movement; open source is a development model.  When referring "
-#| "to the open source position, using its name is appropriate; but please "
-#| "don't label us or our work with its slogan&mdash;that leads people to "
-#| "think we share those views."
-msgid "Please avoid using the term &ldquo;open&rdquo; or &ldquo;open 
source&rdquo; as a substitute for &ldquo;free software&rdquo;.  Those terms 
refer to a <a href=\"/philosophy/open-source-misses-the-point.html\"> different 
position</a> based on different values.  Free software is a political movement; 
open source is a development model.  When referring to the open source 
position, using its name is appropriate; but please do not use it to label us 
or our work&mdash;that leads people to think we share those views."
-msgstr "Veuillez &eacute;viter d'utiliser le terme 
&laquo;&nbsp;open&nbsp;&raquo; (ouvert) ou &laquo;&nbsp;open 
source&nbsp;&raquo; comme synonyme de &laquo;&nbsp;logiciel libre&nbsp;&raquo;. 
Ils se r&eacute;f&egrave;rent &agrave; une <a 
href=\"/philosophy/open-source-misses-the-point.fr.html\">position 
diff&eacute;rente</a>, bas&eacute;e sur des valeurs diff&eacute;rentes. Le 
logiciel libre est un mouvement politique&nbsp;; l'open source, un 
mod&egrave;le de d&eacute;veloppement. Si vous parlez de la position de l'open 
source, il est juste que vous utilisiez leur nom, mais veuillez ne pas nous 
affubler nous ou notre travail travail avec leur slogan (cela conduit les gens 
&agrave; penser que nous partageons leurs vues)."
+msgid ""
+"Please avoid using the term &ldquo;open&rdquo; or &ldquo;open source&rdquo; "
+"as a substitute for &ldquo;free software&rdquo;.  Those terms refer to a <a "
+"href=\"/philosophy/open-source-misses-the-point.html\"> different position</"
+"a> based on different values.  Free software is a political movement; open "
+"source is a development model.  When referring to the open source position, "
+"using its name is appropriate; but please do not use it to label us or our "
+"work&mdash;that leads people to think we share those views."
+msgstr ""
+"Veuillez &eacute;viter d'utiliser le terme &laquo;&nbsp;open&nbsp;&raquo; "
+"(ouvert) ou &laquo;&nbsp;open source&nbsp;&raquo; comme synonyme de &laquo;"
+"&nbsp;logiciel libre&nbsp;&raquo;. Ils se r&eacute;f&egrave;rent &agrave; "
+"une <a href=\"/philosophy/open-source-misses-the-point.fr.html\">position "
+"diff&eacute;rente</a>, bas&eacute;e sur des valeurs diff&eacute;rentes. Le "
+"logiciel libre est un mouvement politique&nbsp;; l'open source, un "
+"mod&egrave;le de d&eacute;veloppement. Si vous parlez de la position de "
+"l'open source, il est juste que vous utilisiez leur nom, mais veuillez ne "
+"pas nous affubler nous ou notre travail travail avec leur slogan (cela "
+"conduit les gens &agrave; penser que nous partageons leurs vues)."
 
 # type: Content of: <h4>
 msgid "&ldquo;PC&rdquo;"
 msgstr "&laquo;&nbsp;PC&nbsp;&raquo;"
 
 # type: Content of: <p>
-msgid "It's ok to use the abbreviation &ldquo;PC&rdquo; to refer to a certain 
kind of computer hardware, but please don't use it with the implication that 
the computer is running Microsoft Windows.  If you install GNU/Linux on the 
same computer, it is still a PC."
-msgstr "Vous pouvez utiliser l'abr&eacute;viation &laquo;&nbsp;PC&nbsp;&raquo; 
pour vous r&eacute;f&eacute;rer &agrave; un certain type d'ordinateur, mais 
veuillez ne pas l'utiliser avec l'implication que l'ordinateur fonctionne sous 
Microsoft Windows. Si vous installez GNU/Linux sur le m&ecirc;me ordinateur, 
cela reste un PC."
-
-# type: Content of: <p>
-msgid "The term &ldquo;WC&rdquo; has been suggested for a computer running 
Windows."
-msgstr "Le terme «&nbsp;WC&nbsp;» a été suggéré pour un ordinateur 
exécutant Windows."
+msgid ""
+"It's ok to use the abbreviation &ldquo;PC&rdquo; to refer to a certain kind "
+"of computer hardware, but please don't use it with the implication that the "
+"computer is running Microsoft Windows.  If you install GNU/Linux on the same "
+"computer, it is still a PC."
+msgstr ""
+"Vous pouvez utiliser l'abr&eacute;viation &laquo;&nbsp;PC&nbsp;&raquo; pour "
+"vous r&eacute;f&eacute;rer &agrave; un certain type d'ordinateur, mais "
+"veuillez ne pas l'utiliser avec l'implication que l'ordinateur fonctionne "
+"sous Microsoft Windows. Si vous installez GNU/Linux sur le m&ecirc;me "
+"ordinateur, cela reste un PC."
+
+# type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"The term &ldquo;WC&rdquo; has been suggested for a computer running Windows."
+msgstr ""
+"Le terme «&nbsp;WC&nbsp;» a été suggéré pour un ordinateur exécutant 
Windows."
 
 # type: Content of: <h4>
 msgid "&ldquo;Photoshop&rdquo;"
 msgstr "&laquo;&nbsp;Photoshop&nbsp;&raquo;"
 
 # type: Content of: <p>
-#| msgid ""
-#| "Please avoid using the term &ldquo;Photoshop&rdquo; as a verb, meaning "
-#| "any kind of photo manipulation or image editing in general.  Photoshop is "
-#| "just the name of one particular proprietary image editing program, and "
-#| "there are plenty of free alternatives, such as <a href=\"/software/gimp"
-#| "\">GIMP</a>."
-msgid "Please avoid using the term &ldquo;photoshop&rdquo; as a verb, meaning 
any kind of photo manipulation or image editing in general.  Photoshop is just 
the name of one particular image editing program, which should be avoided since 
it is proprietary.  There are plenty of free alternatives, such as <a 
href=\"/software/gimp\">GIMP</a>."
-msgstr "Veuillez &eacute;viter d'utiliser le terme 
&laquo;&nbsp;Phtoshop&nbsp;&raquo; comme un verbe, en voulant parler de 
manipulation d'image ou d'&eacute;dition d'image en g&eacute;n&eacute;ral. 
Photoshop n'est que le nom d'un &eacute;diteur d'image propri&eacute;taire 
particulier, et il existe beaucoup d'autres alternatives libres, comme <a 
href=\"/software/gimp\">GIMP</a> par exemple."
+msgid ""
+"Please avoid using the term &ldquo;photoshop&rdquo; as a verb, meaning any "
+"kind of photo manipulation or image editing in general.  Photoshop is just "
+"the name of one particular image editing program, which should be avoided "
+"since it is proprietary.  There are plenty of free alternatives, such as <a "
+"href=\"/software/gimp\">GIMP</a>."
+msgstr ""
+"Veuillez &eacute;viter d'utiliser le terme &laquo;&nbsp;Phtoshop&nbsp;"
+"&raquo; comme un verbe, en voulant parler de manipulation d'image ou "
+"d'&eacute;dition d'image en g&eacute;n&eacute;ral. Photoshop n'est que le "
+"nom d'un &eacute;diteur d'image propri&eacute;taire particulier, et il "
+"existe beaucoup d'autres alternatives libres, comme <a href=\"/software/gimp"
+"\">GIMP</a> par exemple."
 
 # type: Content of: <h4>
 msgid "&ldquo;Piracy&rdquo;"
 msgstr "&laquo;&nbsp;Piratage&nbsp;&raquo;"
 
 # type: Content of: <p>
-msgid "Publishers often refer to copying they don't approve of as 
&ldquo;piracy.&rdquo; In this way, they imply that it is ethically equivalent 
to attacking ships on the high seas, kidnapping and murdering the people on 
them.  Based on such propaganda, they have procured laws in most of the world 
to forbid copying in most (or sometimes all) circumstances.  (They are still 
pressuring to make these prohibitions more complete.)"
-msgstr "Les &eacute;diteurs assimilent souvent la copie prohib&eacute;e 
&agrave; de la piraterie. De cette fa&ccedil;on, ils laissent entendre que la 
copie ill&eacute;gale est moralement identique &agrave; l'attaque de bateaux en 
haute mer, et au rapt ou au meurtre de leurs passagers."
-
-# type: Content of: <p>
-msgid "If you don't believe that copying not approved by the publisher is just 
like kidnapping and murder, you might prefer not to use the word 
&ldquo;piracy&rdquo; to describe it.  Neutral terms such as &ldquo;unauthorized 
copying&rdquo; (or &ldquo;prohibited copying&rdquo; for the situation where it 
is illegal) are available for use instead.  Some of us might even prefer to use 
a positive term such as &ldquo;sharing information with your neighbor.&rdquo;"
-msgstr "Si vous ne croyez pas que la copie ill&eacute;gale est aussi grave que 
l'enl&egrave;vement ou le meurtre, vous devriez pr&eacute;f&eacute;rer ne pas 
utiliser le mot &laquo;&nbsp;piratage&nbsp;&raquo; pour la d&eacute;crire. Des 
termes neutres comme &laquo;&nbsp;copie prohib&eacute;e&nbsp;&raquo; ou 
&laquo;&nbsp;copie ill&eacute;gale&nbsp;&raquo; peuvent le remplacer. Quelques 
uns d'entre nous pr&eacute;f&egrave;rent m&ecirc;me utiliser un terme positif 
comme &laquo;&nbsp;partage d'informations avec son voisin&nbsp;&raquo;."
+msgid ""
+"Publishers often refer to copying they don't approve of as &ldquo;piracy."
+"&rdquo; In this way, they imply that it is ethically equivalent to attacking "
+"ships on the high seas, kidnapping and murdering the people on them.  Based "
+"on such propaganda, they have procured laws in most of the world to forbid "
+"copying in most (or sometimes all) circumstances.  (They are still "
+"pressuring to make these prohibitions more complete.)"
+msgstr ""
+"Les &eacute;diteurs assimilent souvent la copie prohib&eacute;e &agrave; de "
+"la piraterie. De cette fa&ccedil;on, ils laissent entendre que la copie "
+"ill&eacute;gale est moralement identique &agrave; l'attaque de bateaux en "
+"haute mer, et au rapt ou au meurtre de leurs passagers."
+
+# type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"If you don't believe that copying not approved by the publisher is just like "
+"kidnapping and murder, you might prefer not to use the word &ldquo;"
+"piracy&rdquo; to describe it.  Neutral terms such as &ldquo;unauthorized "
+"copying&rdquo; (or &ldquo;prohibited copying&rdquo; for the situation where "
+"it is illegal) are available for use instead.  Some of us might even prefer "
+"to use a positive term such as &ldquo;sharing information with your neighbor."
+"&rdquo;"
+msgstr ""
+"Si vous ne croyez pas que la copie ill&eacute;gale est aussi grave que "
+"l'enl&egrave;vement ou le meurtre, vous devriez pr&eacute;f&eacute;rer ne "
+"pas utiliser le mot &laquo;&nbsp;piratage&nbsp;&raquo; pour la d&eacute;"
+"crire. Des termes neutres comme &laquo;&nbsp;copie prohib&eacute;e&nbsp;"
+"&raquo; ou &laquo;&nbsp;copie ill&eacute;gale&nbsp;&raquo; peuvent le "
+"remplacer. Quelques uns d'entre nous pr&eacute;f&egrave;rent m&ecirc;me "
+"utiliser un terme positif comme &laquo;&nbsp;partage d'informations avec son "
+"voisin&nbsp;&raquo;."
 
 # type: Content of: <h4>
 msgid "&ldquo;PowerPoint&rdquo;"
 msgstr "&laquo;&nbsp;PowerPoint&nbsp;&raquo;"
 
 # type: Content of: <p>
-#| msgid ""
-#| "Please avoid using the term &ldquo;PowerPoint&rdquo; to mean any kind of "
-#| "slide presentation.  PowerPoint is just the name of one particular "
-#| "proprietary program to make presentations, and there are plenty of free "
-#| "alternatives, such as the <tt>beamer</tt> class available with any (La)"
-#| "TeX distribution."
-msgid "Please avoid using the term &ldquo;PowerPoint&rdquo; to mean any kind 
of slide presentation.  PowerPoint is just the name of one particular 
proprietary program to make presentations, and there are plenty of free 
alternatives, such as TeX's <tt>beamer</tt> class and OpenOffice.org's Impress."
-msgstr "Veuillez &eacute;viter d'utiliser le terme 
&laquo;&nbsp;PowerPoint&nbsp;&raquo; pour parler de pr&eacute;sentation par 
diapositives. PowerPoint n'est que le nom d'un programme propri&eacute;taire 
particulier pour faire des pr&eacute;sentations, et il existe beaucoup d'autres 
alternatives libres, comme la classe <tt>beamer</tt> disponible dans toute 
distribution (La)TeX et OpenOffice.org Impress."
+msgid ""
+"Please avoid using the term &ldquo;PowerPoint&rdquo; to mean any kind of "
+"slide presentation.  PowerPoint is just the name of one particular "
+"proprietary program to make presentations, and there are plenty of free "
+"alternatives, such as TeX's <tt>beamer</tt> class and OpenOffice.org's "
+"Impress."
+msgstr ""
+"Veuillez &eacute;viter d'utiliser le terme &laquo;&nbsp;PowerPoint&nbsp;"
+"&raquo; pour parler de pr&eacute;sentation par diapositives. PowerPoint "
+"n'est que le nom d'un programme propri&eacute;taire particulier pour faire "
+"des pr&eacute;sentations, et il existe beaucoup d'autres alternatives "
+"libres, comme la classe <tt>beamer</tt> disponible dans toute distribution "
+"(La)TeX et OpenOffice.org Impress."
 
 # type: Content of: <h4>
 msgid "&ldquo;Protection&rdquo;"
 msgstr "&laquo;&nbsp;Protection&nbsp;&raquo;"
 
 # type: Content of: <p>
-msgid "Publishers' lawyers love to use the term &ldquo;protection&rdquo; to 
describe copyright.  This word carries the implication of preventing 
destruction or suffering; therefore, it encourages people to identify with the 
owner and publisher who benefit from copyright, rather than with the users who 
are restricted by it."
-msgstr "Les avocats des &eacute;diteurs adorent utiliser le terme 
&laquo;&nbsp;protection&nbsp;&raquo; pour d&eacute;crire le copyright. Ce mot 
implique la pr&eacute;vention de la destruction et de la d&eacute;terioration. 
Par cons&eacute;quent, il encourage les gens &agrave; s'identifier au 
propri&eacute;taire et &agrave; l'&eacute;diteur qui b&eacute;n&eacute;ficie du 
copyright, plut&ocirc;t qu'aux utilisateurs qui sont limit&eacute;s par lui."
-
-# type: Content of: <p>
-#| msgid ""
-#| "It is easy to avoid &ldquo;protection&rdquo; and use neutral terms "
-#| "instead.  For example, instead of &ldquo;Copyright protection lasts a "
-#| "very long time,&rdquo; you can say, &ldquo;Copyright lasts a very long "
-#| "time.&rdquo;"
-msgid "It is easy to avoid &ldquo;protection&rdquo; and use neutral terms 
instead.  For example, instead of saying, &ldquo;Copyright protection lasts a 
very long time,&rdquo; you can say, &ldquo;Copyright lasts a very long 
time.&rdquo;"
-msgstr "Il est facile d'&eacute;viter le mot 
&laquo;&nbsp;protection&nbsp;&raquo; et d'utiliser des termes neutres &agrave; 
la place. Par exemple, au lieu de &laquo;&nbsp;La protection du copyright dure 
tr&egrave;s longtemps&nbsp;&raquo;, vous pouvez dire &laquo;&nbsp;Le copyright 
dure tr&egrave;s longtemps&nbsp;&raquo;."
-
-# type: Content of: <p>
-#| msgid ""
-#| "If you want to criticize copyright instead of supporting it, you can use "
-#| "the term &ldquo;copyright restrictions.&rdquo; So you can say, &ldquo;"
-#| "Copyright restrictions last a very long time.&rdquo;"
-msgid "If you want to criticize copyright instead of supporting it, you can 
use the term &ldquo;copyright restrictions.&rdquo; Thus, you can say, 
&ldquo;Copyright restrictions last a very long time.&rdquo;"
-msgstr "Si vous voulez critiquer le copyright au lieu de le soutenir, vous 
pouvez utiliser le terme &laquo;&nbsp;restrictions du copyright&nbsp;&raquo;. 
vous pouvez par conséquent dire; «&nbsp;Les restrictions du copyright durent 
très longtemps&nbsp;»."
-
-# type: Content of: <p>
-#| msgid ""
-#| "The term &ldquo;protection&rdquo; is also used to describe malicious "
-#| "features, as in &ldquo;copy protection&rdquo;, a feature that interferes "
-#| "with copying.  From the user's point of view, this is obstruction.  So we "
-#| "call that malicious feature &ldquo;copy obstruction&rdquo;."
-msgid "The term &ldquo;protection&rdquo; is also used to describe malicious 
features.  For instance, &ldquo;copy protection&rdquo; is a feature that 
interferes with copying.  From the user's point of view, this is obstruction.  
So we can call that malicious feature &ldquo;copy obstruction.&rdquo;"
-msgstr "Le terme &laquo;&nbsp;protection&nbsp;&raquo;est aussi utilisé pour 
décrire des fonctionnalités malicieuses, comme dans «&nbsp;protection contre 
la copie&nbsp;», une fonctionnalité qui interfère avec la copie. D'un point 
de vue utilisateur, c'est de l'obstruction. Nous appeleons donc cela 
«&nbsp;obstruction à la copie&nbsp;»."
+msgid ""
+"Publishers' lawyers love to use the term &ldquo;protection&rdquo; to "
+"describe copyright.  This word carries the implication of preventing "
+"destruction or suffering; therefore, it encourages people to identify with "
+"the owner and publisher who benefit from copyright, rather than with the "
+"users who are restricted by it."
+msgstr ""
+"Les avocats des &eacute;diteurs adorent utiliser le terme &laquo;&nbsp;"
+"protection&nbsp;&raquo; pour d&eacute;crire le copyright. Ce mot implique la "
+"pr&eacute;vention de la destruction et de la d&eacute;terioration. Par "
+"cons&eacute;quent, il encourage les gens &agrave; s'identifier au "
+"propri&eacute;taire et &agrave; l'&eacute;diteur qui b&eacute;n&eacute;ficie "
+"du copyright, plut&ocirc;t qu'aux utilisateurs qui sont limit&eacute;s par "
+"lui."
+
+# type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"It is easy to avoid &ldquo;protection&rdquo; and use neutral terms instead.  "
+"For example, instead of saying, &ldquo;Copyright protection lasts a very "
+"long time,&rdquo; you can say, &ldquo;Copyright lasts a very long time."
+"&rdquo;"
+msgstr ""
+"Il est facile d'&eacute;viter le mot &laquo;&nbsp;protection&nbsp;&raquo; et "
+"d'utiliser des termes neutres &agrave; la place. Par exemple, au lieu de "
+"&laquo;&nbsp;La protection du copyright dure tr&egrave;s longtemps&nbsp;"
+"&raquo;, vous pouvez dire &laquo;&nbsp;Le copyright dure tr&egrave;s "
+"longtemps&nbsp;&raquo;."
+
+# type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"If you want to criticize copyright instead of supporting it, you can use the "
+"term &ldquo;copyright restrictions.&rdquo; Thus, you can say, &ldquo;"
+"Copyright restrictions last a very long time.&rdquo;"
+msgstr ""
+"Si vous voulez critiquer le copyright au lieu de le soutenir, vous pouvez "
+"utiliser le terme &laquo;&nbsp;restrictions du copyright&nbsp;&raquo;. vous "
+"pouvez par conséquent dire; «&nbsp;Les restrictions du copyright durent 
très "
+"longtemps&nbsp;»."
+
+# type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"The term &ldquo;protection&rdquo; is also used to describe malicious "
+"features.  For instance, &ldquo;copy protection&rdquo; is a feature that "
+"interferes with copying.  From the user's point of view, this is "
+"obstruction.  So we can call that malicious feature &ldquo;copy obstruction."
+"&rdquo;"
+msgstr ""
+"Le terme &laquo;&nbsp;protection&nbsp;&raquo;est aussi utilisé pour décrire 
"
+"des fonctionnalités malicieuses, comme dans «&nbsp;protection contre la "
+"copie&nbsp;», une fonctionnalité qui interfère avec la copie. D'un point 
de "
+"vue utilisateur, c'est de l'obstruction. Nous appeleons donc cela «&nbsp;"
+"obstruction à la copie&nbsp;»."
 
 # type: Content of: <h4>
-#| msgid "&ldquo;RAND (reasonable and non-discriminatory)&rdquo;"
 msgid "&ldquo;RAND (reasonable and nondiscriminatory)&rdquo;"
 msgstr "&laquo;&nbsp;RAND (Reasonable And Non-Discriminatory)&nbsp;&raquo;"
 
 # type: Content of: <p>
-msgid "Standards bodies that promulgate patent-restricted standards that 
prohibit free software typically have a policy of obtaining patent licenses 
that require a fixed fee per copy of a conforming program.  They often refer to 
such licenses by the term &ldquo;RAND,&rdquo; which stands for 
&ldquo;reasonable and non-discriminatory.&rdquo;"
-msgstr "Les organismes de standards qui promulguent des standards restreints 
par des brevets, qui interdisent le logiciel libre, ont typiquement une 
politique de licence qui n&eacute;cessite une somme fixe par copie du 
programme. Ils qualifient souvent de telles licences avec le terme 
&laquo;&nbsp;RAND&nbsp;&raquo;, qui signifie &laquo;&nbsp;reasonable and 
non-discriminatory&nbsp;&raquo; (raisonnable et non discriminatoire)."
-
-# type: Content of: <p>
-#| msgid ""
-#| "That term white-washes a class of patent licenses that are normally "
-#| "neither reasonable nor non-discriminatory.  It is true that these "
-#| "licenses do not discriminate against any specific person, but they do "
-#| "discriminate against the free software community, and that makes them "
-#| "unreasonable.  Thus, half of &ldquo;RAND&rdquo; is deceptive and the "
-#| "other half is prejudiced."
-msgid "That term whitewashes a class of patent licenses that are normally 
neither reasonable nor nondiscriminatory.  It is true that these licenses do 
not discriminate against any specific person, but they do discriminate against 
the free software community, and that makes them unreasonable.  Thus, half of 
the term &ldquo;RAND&rdquo; is deceptive and the other half is prejudiced."
-msgstr "Ce terme blanchit une classe de licences de brevets qui ne sont 
normalement ni raisonnables, ni non-discriminatoires. Il est vrai que ces 
licences ne sont pas discriminatoires &agrave; l'encontre de personnes 
sp&eacute;cifiques, mais elles le sont &agrave; l'encontre de la 
communaut&eacute; du logiciel libre, et cela les rend d&eacute;raisonnables. 
Ainsi, une moiti&eacute; de &laquo;&nbsp;RAND&nbsp;&raquo; est trompeuse, 
l'autre moiti&eacute; est partiale."
-
-# type: Content of: <p>
-#| msgid ""
-#| "Standards bodies should recognize that these licenses are discriminatory, "
-#| "and drop the use of the term &ldquo;reasonable and non-"
-#| "discriminatory&rdquo; or &ldquo;RAND&rdquo; to describe them.  Until they "
-#| "do so, other writers who do not wish to join in the white-washing would "
-#| "do well to reject that term.  To accept and use it merely because patent-"
-#| "wielding companies have made it widespread is to let those companies "
-#| "dictate the views you express."
-msgid "Standards bodies should recognize that these licenses are 
discriminatory, and drop the use of the term &ldquo;reasonable and 
nondiscriminatory&rdquo; or &ldquo;RAND&rdquo; to describe them.  Until they do 
so, writers who do not wish to join in the whitewashing would do well to reject 
that term.  To accept and use it merely because patent-wielding companies have 
made it widespread is to let those companies dictate the views you express."
-msgstr "Les organismes de standards devraient reconna&icirc;tre que ces 
licences sont discriminatoires, et laisser tomber l'utilisation du terme 
&laquo;&nbsp;raisonnable et non discriminatoire&nbsp;&raquo; ou 
&laquo;&nbsp;RAND&nbsp;&raquo; pour les d&eacute;crire. Jusqu'&agrave; ce 
qu'ils le fassent, les autres &eacute;crivains qui ne veulent pas se joindre au 
blanchiment feraient bien de rejeter ce terme. L'accepter et l'utiliser 
simplement parce que les soci&eacute;t&eacute;s qui exercent leur pouvoir par 
les brevets l'ont r&eacute;pandu, laissent &agrave; ces soci&eacute;t&eacute;s 
le soin de dicter les vues que vous exprimez."
-
-# type: Content of: <p>
-msgid "We suggest the term &ldquo;uniform fee only,&rdquo; or 
&ldquo;UFO&rdquo; for short, as a replacement.  It is accurate because the only 
condition in these licenses is a uniform royalty fee."
-msgstr "Nous sugg&eacute;rons le terme &laquo;&nbsp;uniform fee 
only&nbsp;&raquo; (droit uniforme seulement) ou &laquo;&nbsp;UFO&nbsp;&raquo; 
en abr&eacute;g&eacute;, &agrave; la place. Il est appropri&eacute; car la 
seule condition de ces licences est un droit d'acc&egrave;s uniforme."
+msgid ""
+"Standards bodies that promulgate patent-restricted standards that prohibit "
+"free software typically have a policy of obtaining patent licenses that "
+"require a fixed fee per copy of a conforming program.  They often refer to "
+"such licenses by the term &ldquo;RAND,&rdquo; which stands for &ldquo;"
+"reasonable and non-discriminatory.&rdquo;"
+msgstr ""
+"Les organismes de standards qui promulguent des standards restreints par des "
+"brevets, qui interdisent le logiciel libre, ont typiquement une politique de "
+"licence qui n&eacute;cessite une somme fixe par copie du programme. Ils "
+"qualifient souvent de telles licences avec le terme &laquo;&nbsp;RAND&nbsp;"
+"&raquo;, qui signifie &laquo;&nbsp;reasonable and non-discriminatory&nbsp;"
+"&raquo; (raisonnable et non discriminatoire)."
+
+# type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"That term whitewashes a class of patent licenses that are normally neither "
+"reasonable nor nondiscriminatory.  It is true that these licenses do not "
+"discriminate against any specific person, but they do discriminate against "
+"the free software community, and that makes them unreasonable.  Thus, half "
+"of the term &ldquo;RAND&rdquo; is deceptive and the other half is prejudiced."
+msgstr ""
+"Ce terme blanchit une classe de licences de brevets qui ne sont normalement "
+"ni raisonnables, ni non-discriminatoires. Il est vrai que ces licences ne "
+"sont pas discriminatoires &agrave; l'encontre de personnes sp&eacute;"
+"cifiques, mais elles le sont &agrave; l'encontre de la communaut&eacute; du "
+"logiciel libre, et cela les rend d&eacute;raisonnables. Ainsi, une "
+"moiti&eacute; de &laquo;&nbsp;RAND&nbsp;&raquo; est trompeuse, l'autre "
+"moiti&eacute; est partiale."
+
+# type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"Standards bodies should recognize that these licenses are discriminatory, "
+"and drop the use of the term &ldquo;reasonable and nondiscriminatory&rdquo; "
+"or &ldquo;RAND&rdquo; to describe them.  Until they do so, writers who do "
+"not wish to join in the whitewashing would do well to reject that term.  To "
+"accept and use it merely because patent-wielding companies have made it "
+"widespread is to let those companies dictate the views you express."
+msgstr ""
+"Les organismes de standards devraient reconna&icirc;tre que ces licences "
+"sont discriminatoires, et laisser tomber l'utilisation du terme &laquo;&nbsp;"
+"raisonnable et non discriminatoire&nbsp;&raquo; ou &laquo;&nbsp;RAND&nbsp;"
+"&raquo; pour les d&eacute;crire. Jusqu'&agrave; ce qu'ils le fassent, les "
+"autres &eacute;crivains qui ne veulent pas se joindre au blanchiment "
+"feraient bien de rejeter ce terme. L'accepter et l'utiliser simplement parce "
+"que les soci&eacute;t&eacute;s qui exercent leur pouvoir par les brevets "
+"l'ont r&eacute;pandu, laissent &agrave; ces soci&eacute;t&eacute;s le soin "
+"de dicter les vues que vous exprimez."
+
+# type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"We suggest the term &ldquo;uniform fee only,&rdquo; or &ldquo;UFO&rdquo; for "
+"short, as a replacement.  It is accurate because the only condition in these "
+"licenses is a uniform royalty fee."
+msgstr ""
+"Nous sugg&eacute;rons le terme &laquo;&nbsp;uniform fee only&nbsp;&raquo; "
+"(droit uniforme seulement) ou &laquo;&nbsp;UFO&nbsp;&raquo; en abr&eacute;"
+"g&eacute;, &agrave; la place. Il est appropri&eacute; car la seule condition "
+"de ces licences est un droit d'acc&egrave;s uniforme."
 
 # type: Content of: <h4>
 msgid "&ldquo;Sell software&rdquo;"
 msgstr "«&nbsp;Vendre des logiciels&nbsp;»"
 
 # type: Content of: <p>
-#| msgid ""
-#| "The term &ldquo;sell software&rdquo; is ambiguous.  Strictly speaking, "
-#| "exchanging a copy of a free program for a sum of money is &ldquo;"
-#| "selling&rdquo;; but people usually associate the term &ldquo;sell&rdquo; "
-#| "with proprietary restrictions on the subsequent use of the software.  You "
-#| "can be more precise, and prevent confusion, by saying either &ldquo;"
-#| "distributing copies of a program for a fee&rdquo; or &ldquo;imposing "
-#| "proprietary restrictions on the use of a program,&rdquo; depending on "
-#| "what you mean."
-msgid "The term &ldquo;sell software&rdquo; is ambiguous.  Strictly speaking, 
exchanging a copy of a free program for a sum of money is selling; but people 
usually associate the term &ldquo;sell&rdquo; with proprietary restrictions on 
the subsequent use of the software.  You can be more precise, and prevent 
confusion, by saying either &ldquo;distributing copies of a program for a 
fee&rdquo; or &ldquo;imposing proprietary restrictions on the use of a 
program,&rdquo; depending on what you mean."
-msgstr "Le terme «&nbsp;vendre des logiciels&nbsp;» est ambigu. À 
strictement parler, échanger une copie d'un programme libre pour une somme 
d'argent est de la «&nbsp;vente&nbsp;»&nbsp;: mais les gens ont l'habitude 
d'associer le terme «&nbsp;vendre&nbsp;» aux restrictions du logiciel 
propriétaire et à l'utilisation subséquente du logiciel. Vous pouvez être 
plus précis et éviter la confusion en parlant soit de «&nbsp;distribution de 
copie d'un programme gratuitement&nbsp;», soit d'«&nbsp;imposition de 
restrictions propriétaires sur l'utilisation d'un programme&nbsp;» en 
fonction de ce que vous voulez dire."
-
-# type: Content of: <p>
-#| msgid ""
-#| "See <a href=\"/philosophy/selling.html\">Selling Free Software</a> for "
-#| "more discussion of this issue."
-msgid "See <a href=\"/philosophy/selling.html\">Selling Free Software</a> for 
further discussion of this issue."
-msgstr "Consulter <a href=\"/philosophy/selling.fr.html\">Vendre des logiciels 
libres</a> pour une discussion plus détaillée sur le sujet."
+msgid ""
+"The term &ldquo;sell software&rdquo; is ambiguous.  Strictly speaking, "
+"exchanging a copy of a free program for a sum of money is selling; but "
+"people usually associate the term &ldquo;sell&rdquo; with proprietary "
+"restrictions on the subsequent use of the software.  You can be more "
+"precise, and prevent confusion, by saying either &ldquo;distributing copies "
+"of a program for a fee&rdquo; or &ldquo;imposing proprietary restrictions on "
+"the use of a program,&rdquo; depending on what you mean."
+msgstr ""
+"Le terme «&nbsp;vendre des logiciels&nbsp;» est ambigu. À strictement 
parler, "
+"échanger une copie d'un programme libre pour une somme d'argent est de la "
+"«&nbsp;vente&nbsp;»&nbsp;: mais les gens ont l'habitude d'associer le terme 
"
+"«&nbsp;vendre&nbsp;» aux restrictions du logiciel propriétaire et à "
+"l'utilisation subséquente du logiciel. Vous pouvez être plus précis et "
+"éviter la confusion en parlant soit de «&nbsp;distribution de copie d'un "
+"programme gratuitement&nbsp;», soit d'«&nbsp;imposition de restrictions "
+"propriétaires sur l'utilisation d'un programme&nbsp;» en fonction de ce que 
"
+"vous voulez dire."
+
+# type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"See <a href=\"/philosophy/selling.html\">Selling Free Software</a> for "
+"further discussion of this issue."
+msgstr ""
+"Consulter <a href=\"/philosophy/selling.fr.html\">Vendre des logiciels "
+"libres</a> pour une discussion plus détaillée sur le sujet."
 
 # type: Content of: <h4>
 msgid "&ldquo;Software Industry&rdquo;"
 msgstr "&laquo;&nbsp;Industrie logicielle&nbsp;&raquo;"
 
 # type: Content of: <p>
-#| msgid ""
-#| "The term &ldquo;software industry&rdquo; encourages people to imagine "
-#| "that software is always developed by a sort of factory and then delivered "
-#| "to consumers.  The free software community shows this is not the case.  "
-#| "Software businesses exist, and various businesses develop free and/or non-"
-#| "free software, but those that develop free software are not like "
-#| "factories."
-msgid "The term &ldquo;software industry&rdquo; encourages people to imagine 
that software is always developed by a sort of factory and then delivered to 
consumers.  The free software community shows this is not the case.  Software 
businesses exist, and various businesses develop free and/or nonfree software, 
but those that develop free software are not run like factories."
-msgstr "Le terme &laquo;&nbsp;industrie logicielle&nbsp;&raquo; encourage les 
gens &agrave; penser que le logiciel est toujours d&eacute;velopp&eacute; par 
une sorte d'usine et qu'il est d&eacute;livr&eacute; aux consommateurs. La 
communaut&eacute; du logiciel libre montre que ce n'est pas le cas. Les 
soci&eacute;t&eacute;s de logiciels existent, et diverses 
soci&eacute;t&eacute;s d&eacute;veloppent des logiciels libres et/ou non 
libres, mais celles qui d&eacute;veloppent des logiciels libres ne sont pas 
comme des usines."
-
-# type: Content of: <p>
-#| msgid ""
-#| "The term &ldquo;industry&rdquo; is being used as propaganda by advocates "
-#| "of software patents.  They call software development &ldquo;"
-#| "industry&rdquo; and then try to argue that this means it should be "
-#| "subject to patent monopolies.  <a href=\"http://swpat.ffii.org/papers/";
-#| "europarl0309/\"> The European Parliament, rejecting software patents in "
-#| "2003, voted to define &ldquo;industry&rdquo; as &ldquo;automated "
-#| "production of material goods&rdquo;.</a>"
-msgid "The term &ldquo;industry&rdquo; is being used as propaganda by 
advocates of software patents.  They call software development 
&ldquo;industry&rdquo; and then try to argue that this means it should be 
subject to patent monopolies.  <a 
href=\"http://swpat.ffii.org/papers/europarl0309/\";> The European Parliament, 
rejecting software patents in 2003, voted to define &ldquo;industry&rdquo; as 
&ldquo;automated production of material goods.&rdquo;</a>"
-msgstr "Le terme &laquo;&nbsp;industrie&nbsp;&raquo; a &eacute;t&eacute; 
utilis&eacute; comme propagande par les avocats en brevets logiciels. Ils 
appellent le d&eacute;veloppement logiciel &laquo;&nbsp;industrie&nbsp;&raquo; 
et puis essaient d'argumenter que cela signifie qu'il doit &ecirc;tre soumis 
aux monopoles des brevets. <a 
href=\"http://eupat.ffii.org/papers/europarl0309/\";>Le Parlement 
europ&eacute;en, en rejetant les brevets logiciels en 2003, a vot&eacute; pour 
d&eacute;finir &laquo;&nbsp;industrie&nbsp;&raquo; comme 
&laquo;&nbsp;production automatis&eacute;e de biens&nbsp;&raquo;</a>."
+msgid ""
+"The term &ldquo;software industry&rdquo; encourages people to imagine that "
+"software is always developed by a sort of factory and then delivered to "
+"consumers.  The free software community shows this is not the case.  "
+"Software businesses exist, and various businesses develop free and/or "
+"nonfree software, but those that develop free software are not run like "
+"factories."
+msgstr ""
+"Le terme &laquo;&nbsp;industrie logicielle&nbsp;&raquo; encourage les gens "
+"&agrave; penser que le logiciel est toujours d&eacute;velopp&eacute; par une "
+"sorte d'usine et qu'il est d&eacute;livr&eacute; aux consommateurs. La "
+"communaut&eacute; du logiciel libre montre que ce n'est pas le cas. Les "
+"soci&eacute;t&eacute;s de logiciels existent, et diverses soci&eacute;"
+"t&eacute;s d&eacute;veloppent des logiciels libres et/ou non libres, mais "
+"celles qui d&eacute;veloppent des logiciels libres ne sont pas comme des "
+"usines."
+
+# type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"The term &ldquo;industry&rdquo; is being used as propaganda by advocates of "
+"software patents.  They call software development &ldquo;industry&rdquo; and "
+"then try to argue that this means it should be subject to patent "
+"monopolies.  <a href=\"http://swpat.ffii.org/papers/europarl0309/\";> The "
+"European Parliament, rejecting software patents in 2003, voted to define "
+"&ldquo;industry&rdquo; as &ldquo;automated production of material goods."
+"&rdquo;</a>"
+msgstr ""
+"Le terme &laquo;&nbsp;industrie&nbsp;&raquo; a &eacute;t&eacute; "
+"utilis&eacute; comme propagande par les avocats en brevets logiciels. Ils "
+"appellent le d&eacute;veloppement logiciel &laquo;&nbsp;industrie&nbsp;"
+"&raquo; et puis essaient d'argumenter que cela signifie qu'il doit &ecirc;"
+"tre soumis aux monopoles des brevets. <a href=\"http://eupat.ffii.org/papers/";
+"europarl0309/\">Le Parlement europ&eacute;en, en rejetant les brevets "
+"logiciels en 2003, a vot&eacute; pour d&eacute;finir &laquo;&nbsp;"
+"industrie&nbsp;&raquo; comme &laquo;&nbsp;production automatis&eacute;e de "
+"biens&nbsp;&raquo;</a>."
 
 # type: Content of: <h4>
 msgid "&ldquo;Theft&rdquo;"
 msgstr "&laquo;&nbsp;Vol&nbsp;&raquo;"
 
 # type: Content of: <p>
-msgid "Copyright apologists often use words like &ldquo;stolen&rdquo; and 
&ldquo;theft&rdquo; to describe copyright infringement.  At the same time, they 
ask us to treat the legal system as an authority on ethics: if copying is 
forbidden, it must be wrong."
-msgstr "Les partisans du copyright utilisent souvent des mots tels que 
&laquo;&nbsp;vol&eacute;&nbsp;&raquo; et 
&laquo;&nbsp;d&eacute;rob&eacute;&nbsp;&raquo; pour d&eacute;crire les 
infractions au copyright. En m&ecirc;me temps, ils nous demandent de 
consid&eacute;rer la loi comme une r&eacute;f&eacute;rence au niveau de 
l'&eacute;thique&nbsp;: si la copie est interdite, c'est qu'elle doit 
&ecirc;tre mauvaise."
-
-# type: Content of: <p>
-#| msgid ""
-#| "So it is pertinent to mention that the legal system&mdash;at least in the "
-#| "US&mdash;rejects the idea that copyright infringement is &ldquo;theft."
-#| "&rdquo; Copyright apologists are making an appeal to authority &hellip; "
-#| "and misrepresenting what authority says."
-msgid "So it is pertinent to mention that the legal system&mdash;at least in 
the US&mdash;rejects the idea that copyright infringement is 
&ldquo;theft.&rdquo; Copyright apologists are making an appeal to 
authority&hellip;and misrepresenting what authority says."
-msgstr "Alors il est int&eacute;ressant de signaler que la loi (du moins aux 
&Eacute;tats-Unis) ne consid&egrave;re pas les infractions au copyright comme 
du &laquo;&nbsp;vol&nbsp;&raquo;. Les avocats du copyright qui utilisent des 
termes comme &laquo;&nbsp;voler&nbsp;&raquo; d&eacute;naturent 
l'autorit&eacute; &agrave; laquelle ils font appel."
-
-# type: Content of: <p>
-msgid "The idea that laws decide what is right or wrong is mistaken in 
general.  Laws are, at their best, an attempt to achieve justice; to say that 
laws define justice or ethical conduct is turning things upside down."
-msgstr "L'id&eacute;e que les lois d&eacute;cident de ce qui est juste et de 
ce qui est mal est en g&eacute;n&eacute;ral fausse. Les lois sont une tentative 
d'accomplir la justice&nbsp;: dire que les lois d&eacute;finissent la justice 
ou une &eacute;thique est prendre le probl&egrave;me &agrave; l'envers."
+msgid ""
+"Copyright apologists often use words like &ldquo;stolen&rdquo; and &ldquo;"
+"theft&rdquo; to describe copyright infringement.  At the same time, they ask "
+"us to treat the legal system as an authority on ethics: if copying is "
+"forbidden, it must be wrong."
+msgstr ""
+"Les partisans du copyright utilisent souvent des mots tels que &laquo;&nbsp;"
+"vol&eacute;&nbsp;&raquo; et &laquo;&nbsp;d&eacute;rob&eacute;&nbsp;&raquo; "
+"pour d&eacute;crire les infractions au copyright. En m&ecirc;me temps, ils "
+"nous demandent de consid&eacute;rer la loi comme une r&eacute;f&eacute;rence "
+"au niveau de l'&eacute;thique&nbsp;: si la copie est interdite, c'est "
+"qu'elle doit &ecirc;tre mauvaise."
+
+# type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"So it is pertinent to mention that the legal system&mdash;at least in the "
+"US&mdash;rejects the idea that copyright infringement is &ldquo;theft."
+"&rdquo; Copyright apologists are making an appeal to authority&hellip;and "
+"misrepresenting what authority says."
+msgstr ""
+"Alors il est int&eacute;ressant de signaler que la loi (du moins aux &Eacute;"
+"tats-Unis) ne consid&egrave;re pas les infractions au copyright comme du "
+"&laquo;&nbsp;vol&nbsp;&raquo;. Les avocats du copyright qui utilisent des "
+"termes comme &laquo;&nbsp;voler&nbsp;&raquo; d&eacute;naturent "
+"l'autorit&eacute; &agrave; laquelle ils font appel."
+
+# type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"The idea that laws decide what is right or wrong is mistaken in general.  "
+"Laws are, at their best, an attempt to achieve justice; to say that laws "
+"define justice or ethical conduct is turning things upside down."
+msgstr ""
+"L'id&eacute;e que les lois d&eacute;cident de ce qui est juste et de ce qui "
+"est mal est en g&eacute;n&eacute;ral fausse. Les lois sont une tentative "
+"d'accomplir la justice&nbsp;: dire que les lois d&eacute;finissent la "
+"justice ou une &eacute;thique est prendre le probl&egrave;me &agrave; "
+"l'envers."
 
 # type: Content of: <h4>
 msgid "&ldquo;Trusted Computing&rdquo;"
 msgstr "&laquo;&nbsp;Informatique de confiance&nbsp;&raquo;"
 
 # type: Content of: <p>
-#| msgid ""
-#| "<a href=\"/philosophy/can-you-trust.html\">&ldquo;Trusted computing&rdquo;"
-#| "</a> is the proponents name for a scheme to redesign computers so that "
-#| "application developers can trust your computer to obey them instead of "
-#| "you.  For their point of view, it is &ldquo;trusted&rdquo;.  From your "
-#| "point of view, it is &ldquo;treacherous&rdquo;."
-msgid "<a href=\"/philosophy/can-you-trust.html\">&ldquo;Trusted 
computing&rdquo;</a> is the proponents' name for a scheme to redesign computers 
so that application developers can trust your computer to obey them instead of 
you.  For their point of view, it is &ldquo;trusted&rdquo;; from your point of 
view, it is &ldquo;treacherous.&rdquo;"
-msgstr "<a 
href=\"/philosophy/can-you-trust.fr.html\">&laquo;&nbsp;Informatique de 
confiance&nbsp;&raquo;</a> est le nom donn&eacute; &agrave; un sch&eacute;ma de 
conception des ordinateurs qui permet aux d&eacute;veloppeurs d'applications 
d'avoir confiance en votre ordinateur pour leur ob&eacute;ir plut&ocirc;t 
qu'&agrave; vous. De leur point de vue, il s'agit &laquo;&nbsp;d'informatique 
de confiance&nbsp;&raquo;. De votre point de vue, il s'agit 
&laquo;&nbsp;d'informatique d&eacute;loyale&nbsp;&raquo;."
+msgid ""
+"<a href=\"/philosophy/can-you-trust.html\">&ldquo;Trusted computing&rdquo;</"
+"a> is the proponents' name for a scheme to redesign computers so that "
+"application developers can trust your computer to obey them instead of you.  "
+"For their point of view, it is &ldquo;trusted&rdquo;; from your point of "
+"view, it is &ldquo;treacherous.&rdquo;"
+msgstr ""
+"<a href=\"/philosophy/can-you-trust.fr.html\">&laquo;&nbsp;Informatique de "
+"confiance&nbsp;&raquo;</a> est le nom donn&eacute; &agrave; un sch&eacute;ma "
+"de conception des ordinateurs qui permet aux d&eacute;veloppeurs "
+"d'applications d'avoir confiance en votre ordinateur pour leur ob&eacute;ir "
+"plut&ocirc;t qu'&agrave; vous. De leur point de vue, il s'agit &laquo;&nbsp;"
+"d'informatique de confiance&nbsp;&raquo;. De votre point de vue, il s'agit "
+"&laquo;&nbsp;d'informatique d&eacute;loyale&nbsp;&raquo;."
 
 # type: Content of: <h4>
 msgid "&ldquo;Vendor&rdquo;"
 msgstr "&laquo;&nbsp;Vendeur&nbsp;&raquo;"
 
 # type: Content of: <p>
-#| msgid ""
-#| "Please don't use the term &ldquo;vendor&rdquo; to refer generally to "
-#| "anyone that develops or packages a software package.  Many programs are "
-#| "developed in order to sell copies, and their developers are therefore "
-#| "their vendors; this includes some free software packages.  However, many "
-#| "programs are developed by volunteers or organizations which do not intend "
-#| "to sell copies.  These developers are not vendors.  Likewise, only some "
-#| "of the packagers of GNU/Linux distributions are vendors."
-msgid "Please don't use the term &ldquo;vendor&rdquo; to refer generally to 
anyone that develops or packages software.  Many programs are developed in 
order to sell copies, and their developers are therefore their vendors; this 
even includes some free software packages.  However, many programs are 
developed by volunteers or organizations which do not intend to sell copies.  
These developers are not vendors.  Likewise, only some of the packagers of 
GNU/Linux distributions are vendors."
-msgstr "Veuillez ne pas utiliser le terme &laquo;&nbsp;vendeur&nbsp;&raquo; 
pour vous r&eacute;f&eacute;rer de mani&egrave;re g&eacute;n&eacute;rale 
&agrave; quiconque d&eacute;veloppe ou distribue un paquetage logiciel. 
Beaucoup de programmes sont d&eacute;velopp&eacute;s afin de vendre des copies, 
et leurs d&eacute;veloppeurs sont par cons&eacute;quent des vendeurs; cela 
inclut m&ecirc;me certains paquetages de logiciels libres. Cependant, beaucoup 
de programmes sont d&eacute;velopp&eacute;s par des particuliers volontaires, 
ou par des organisations, qui n'ont pas l'intention de vendre des copies. Leurs 
d&eacute;veloppeurs ne sont pas des vendeurs. De m&ecirc;me, seuls certains 
d&eacute;veloppeurs de distributions GNU/Linux sont des vendeurs."
-
-# type: Content of: <h4>
-msgid "This essay is published in <a 
href=\"http://shop.fsf.org/product/free-software-free-society/\";><cite>Free 
Software, Free Society: The Selected Essays of Richard M. Stallman</cite></a>."
-msgstr "Cet essai est publi&eacute; dans <a 
href=\"http://shop.fsf.org/product/free-software-free-society/\";><cite>Free 
Software, Free Society: The Selected Essays of Richard M. Stallman</cite></a>."
+msgid ""
+"Please don't use the term &ldquo;vendor&rdquo; to refer generally to anyone "
+"that develops or packages software.  Many programs are developed in order to "
+"sell copies, and their developers are therefore their vendors; this even "
+"includes some free software packages.  However, many programs are developed "
+"by volunteers or organizations which do not intend to sell copies.  These "
+"developers are not vendors.  Likewise, only some of the packagers of GNU/"
+"Linux distributions are vendors."
+msgstr ""
+"Veuillez ne pas utiliser le terme &laquo;&nbsp;vendeur&nbsp;&raquo; pour "
+"vous r&eacute;f&eacute;rer de mani&egrave;re g&eacute;n&eacute;rale &agrave; "
+"quiconque d&eacute;veloppe ou distribue un paquetage logiciel. Beaucoup de "
+"programmes sont d&eacute;velopp&eacute;s afin de vendre des copies, et leurs "
+"d&eacute;veloppeurs sont par cons&eacute;quent des vendeurs; cela inclut "
+"m&ecirc;me certains paquetages de logiciels libres. Cependant, beaucoup de "
+"programmes sont d&eacute;velopp&eacute;s par des particuliers volontaires, "
+"ou par des organisations, qui n'ont pas l'intention de vendre des copies. "
+"Leurs d&eacute;veloppeurs ne sont pas des vendeurs. De m&ecirc;me, seuls "
+"certains d&eacute;veloppeurs de distributions GNU/Linux sont des vendeurs."
+
+# type: Content of: <h4>
+msgid ""
+"This essay is published in <a href=\"http://shop.fsf.org/product/free-";
+"software-free-society/\"><cite>Free Software, Free Society: The Selected "
+"Essays of Richard M. Stallman</cite></a>."
+msgstr ""
+"Cet essai est publi&eacute; dans <a href=\"http://shop.fsf.org/product/free-";
+"software-free-society/\"><cite>Free Software, Free Society: The Selected "
+"Essays of Richard M. Stallman</cite></a>."
 
 # type: Content of: <div>
 #. TRANSLATORS: Use space (SPC) as msgstr if you don't have notes.
@@ -797,25 +1353,52 @@
 msgstr " "
 
 # type: Content of: <div><p>
-msgid "Please send FSF &amp; GNU inquiries to <a 
href=\"mailto:address@hidden";>&lt;address@hidden&gt;</a>.  There are also <a 
href=\"/contact/\">other ways to contact</a> the FSF.  <br /> Please send 
broken links and other corrections or suggestions to <a 
href=\"mailto:address@hidden";>&lt;address@hidden&gt;</a>."
-msgstr "Veuillez envoyer les requêtes concernant la FSF et GNU à <a 
href=\"mailto:address@hidden";><em>address@hidden</em></a>. Il existe aussi <a 
href=\"/contact/\">d'autres moyens de contacter</a> la FSF. <br /> Veuillez 
envoyer les liens orphelins ou d'autres suggestions sur cette page Web à <a 
href=\"mailto:address@hidden";>address@hidden</a>."
+msgid ""
+"Please send FSF &amp; GNU inquiries to <a href=\"mailto:address@hidden";>&lt;"
+"address@hidden&gt;</a>.  There are also <a href=\"/contact/\">other ways to "
+"contact</a> the FSF.  <br /> Please send broken links and other corrections "
+"or suggestions to <a href=\"mailto:address@hidden";>&lt;address@hidden"
+"org&gt;</a>."
+msgstr ""
+"Veuillez envoyer les requêtes concernant la FSF et GNU à <a href=\"mailto:";
+"address@hidden"><em>address@hidden</em></a>. Il existe aussi <a 
href=\"/contact/"
+"\">d'autres moyens de contacter</a> la FSF. <br /> Veuillez envoyer les "
+"liens orphelins ou d'autres suggestions sur cette page Web à <a href="
+"\"mailto:address@hidden";>address@hidden</a>."
 
 # type: Content of: <div><p>
-msgid "Please see the <a 
href=\"/server/standards/README.translations.html\">Translations README</a> for 
information on coordinating and submitting translations of this article."
-msgstr "Veuillez consulter le <a 
href=\"/server/standards/README.translations.fr.html\">README des 
traductions</a> pour des informations sur la coordination et la soumission de 
traductions de cet article."
+msgid ""
+"Please see the <a href=\"/server/standards/README.translations.html"
+"\">Translations README</a> for information on coordinating and submitting "
+"translations of this article."
+msgstr ""
+"Veuillez consulter le <a href=\"/server/standards/README.translations.fr.html"
+"\">README des traductions</a> pour des informations sur la coordination et "
+"la soumission de traductions de cet article."
 
 # type: Content of: <div><p>
-msgid "Copyright &copy; 1996, 1997, 1998, 1999, 2001, 2002, 2003, 2004, 2007, 
2008, 2009 Free Software Foundation, Inc."
-msgstr "Copyright &copy; 1996, 1997, 1998, 1999, 2001, 2002, 2003, 2004, 2007, 
2008, 2009 Free Software Foundation, Inc."
+msgid ""
+"Copyright &copy; 1996, 1997, 1998, 1999, 2001, 2002, 2003, 2004, 2007, 2008, "
+"2009 Free Software Foundation, Inc."
+msgstr ""
+"Copyright &copy; 1996, 1997, 1998, 1999, 2001, 2002, 2003, 2004, 2007, 2008, "
+"2009 Free Software Foundation, Inc."
 
 # type: Content of: <div><p>
-msgid "Verbatim copying and distribution of this entire article is permitted 
in any medium without royalty provided this notice is preserved."
-msgstr "La reproduction exacte et la distribution intégrale de cet article 
est permise sur n'importe quel support d'archivage, pourvu que cette notice 
soit préservée."
+msgid ""
+"Verbatim copying and distribution of this entire article is permitted in any "
+"medium without royalty provided this notice is preserved."
+msgstr ""
+"La reproduction exacte et la distribution intégrale de cet article est "
+"permise sur n'importe quel support d'archivage, pourvu que cette notice soit "
+"préservée."
 
 # type: Content of: <div><div>
 #. TRANSLATORS: Use space (SPC) as msgstr if you don't want credits.
 msgid "*GNUN-SLOT: TRANSLATOR'S CREDITS*"
-msgstr "Traduction&nbsp;: Benjamin Drieu.<br />Révision&nbsp;: <a 
href=\"mailto:trad-gnu&#64;april.org\";>trad-gnu&#64;april.org</a>"
+msgstr ""
+"Traduction&nbsp;: Benjamin Drieu.<br />Révision&nbsp;: <a 
href=\"mailto:trad-";
+"gnu&#64;april.org\">trad-gnu&#64;april.org</a>"
 
 # type: Content of: <div><p>
 #.  timestamp start
@@ -825,4 +1408,3 @@
 # type: Content of: <div><h4>
 msgid "Translations of this page"
 msgstr "Traductions de cette page"
-

Index: server/takeaction.fr.html
===================================================================
RCS file: /web/www/www/server/takeaction.fr.html,v
retrieving revision 1.50
retrieving revision 1.51
diff -u -b -r1.50 -r1.51
--- server/takeaction.fr.html   19 Nov 2009 09:27:46 -0000      1.50
+++ server/takeaction.fr.html   30 Nov 2009 21:27:11 -0000      1.51
@@ -74,8 +74,8 @@
 </dd>
 
 <!-- Don't expire, but do keep in synch with the list -->
-<dt><a id="unmaint"><b>Take over an unmaintained GNU package:</b></a> <a
-href="/software/fontutils/">fontutils</a>, <a
+<dt><a id="unmaint"><b>Reprenez la maintenance d'un paquetage 
GNU&nbsp;:</b></a>
+<a href="/software/fontutils/">fontutils</a>, <a
 href="/software/gleem/">gleem</a>, <a
 href="/software/gnatsweb/">gnatsweb</a>, <a
 href="/software/gnutrition/">gnutrition</a>, <a
@@ -83,9 +83,9 @@
 <a href="/software/pgccfd/">pgccfd</a>, <a
 href="/software/polyxmass/">polyxmass</a>, <a
 href="/software/rpge/">rpge</a>, <a href="/software/vmslib/">vmslib</a>, <a
-href="/software/xmorph/">xmorph</a>.  We are also looking for a
-co-maintainer for the CASE tool <a href="/software/ferret/">ferret</a> and
-the bug tracking tool <a href="/software/gnats/">gnats</a>.
+href="/software/xmorph/">xmorph</a>.  Nous recherchons aussi un mainteneur
+pour l'outil CASE <a href="/software/ferret/">ferret</a> et l'outil de suivi
+de bogues <a href="/software/gnats/">gnats</a>.
 </dt>
 <dd>
 Consultez les pages Web sur les paquetages pour des informations plus
@@ -197,7 +197,7 @@
 <!-- timestamp start -->
 Derni&egrave;re mise-&agrave;-jour&nbsp;:
 
-$Date: 2009/11/19 09:27:46 $
+$Date: 2009/11/30 21:27:11 $
 
 <!-- timestamp end -->
 </p>

Index: server/po/takeaction.fr.po
===================================================================
RCS file: /web/www/www/server/po/takeaction.fr.po,v
retrieving revision 1.62
retrieving revision 1.63
diff -u -b -r1.62 -r1.63
--- server/po/takeaction.fr.po  29 Nov 2009 17:55:52 -0000      1.62
+++ server/po/takeaction.fr.po  30 Nov 2009 21:27:18 -0000      1.63
@@ -23,78 +23,171 @@
 msgstr "Agir"
 
 # type: Content of: <dl><dt>
-msgid "<a id=\"licenses\"><strong>Read and comment on proposed license 
changes</strong></a>"
-msgstr "<a id=\"licenses\"><strong>Lire et faire des commentaires sur les 
changements proposés dans les licences</strong></a>"
+msgid ""
+"<a id=\"licenses\"><strong>Read and comment on proposed license changes</"
+"strong></a>"
+msgstr ""
+"<a id=\"licenses\"><strong>Lire et faire des commentaires sur les "
+"changements proposés dans les licences</strong></a>"
 
 # type: Content of: <dl><dd>
-msgid "Please <a href=\"http://gplv3.fsf.org\";>read and leave comments</a> on 
the current drafts of the GNU Free Documentation License, and the GNU Simple 
Free Documentation License."
-msgstr "Veuillez <a href=\"http://gplv3.fsf.org\";>lire et déposer des 
commentaires</a> sur les projets de rédaction des licences GNU Free 
Documentation License et GNU Simple Free Documentation."
+msgid ""
+"Please <a href=\"http://gplv3.fsf.org\";>read and leave comments</a> on the "
+"current drafts of the GNU Free Documentation License, and the GNU Simple "
+"Free Documentation License."
+msgstr ""
+"Veuillez <a href=\"http://gplv3.fsf.org\";>lire et déposer des commentaires</"
+"a> sur les projets de rédaction des licences GNU Free Documentation License "
+"et GNU Simple Free Documentation."
 
 # type: Content of: <dl><dt>
-msgid "<a id=\"priority\"><b>Contribute to high priority free software 
projects</b></a>"
-msgstr "<a id=\"priority\"><b>Contribuer à des projets de logiciels libres 
hautement prioritaires</b></a>"
+msgid ""
+"<a id=\"priority\"><b>Contribute to high priority free software projects</"
+"b></a>"
+msgstr ""
+"<a id=\"priority\"><b>Contribuer à des projets de logiciels libres hautement 
"
+"prioritaires</b></a>"
 
 # type: Content of: <dl><dd>
-msgid "As listed on the <a 
href=\"http://www.fsf.org/campaigns/priority.html\";>FSF web site</a>."
-msgstr "Comme indiqué sur le <a 
href=\"http://www.fsf.org/campaigns/priority.html\";>site Web de la FSF</a>."
+msgid ""
+"As listed on the <a href=\"http://www.fsf.org/campaigns/priority.html\";>FSF "
+"web site</a>."
+msgstr ""
+"Comme indiqué sur le <a href=\"http://www.fsf.org/campaigns/priority.html";
+"\">site Web de la FSF</a>."
 
 # type: Content of: <dl><dt>
 msgid "<a id=\"libcdio\"><strong>Contribute to GNU libcdio</strong></a>"
 msgstr "<a id=\"libcdio\"><strong>Contribuer à GNU libcdio</strong></a>"
 
 # type: Content of: <dl><dd>
-msgid "Please contribute to CD/DVD-recording software development and more in 
<a href=\"/software/libcdio/index.html#volunteerswanted\">GNU libcdio</a>."
-msgstr "Veuillez contribuer au développement du logiciel d'enregistrement de 
CD et DVD et plus sur <a 
href=\"/software/libcdio/index.html#volunteerswanted\">GNU libcdio</a>."
+msgid ""
+"Please contribute to CD/DVD-recording software development and more in <a "
+"href=\"/software/libcdio/index.html#volunteerswanted\">GNU libcdio</a>."
+msgstr ""
+"Veuillez contribuer au développement du logiciel d'enregistrement de CD et "
+"DVD et plus sur <a href=\"/software/libcdio/index.html#volunteerswanted"
+"\">GNU libcdio</a>."
 
 # type: Content of: <dl><dt>
-msgid "<a id=\"gnustep\"><strong>Contribute to the GNUstep 
Project</strong></a>"
+msgid ""
+"<a id=\"gnustep\"><strong>Contribute to the GNUstep Project</strong></a>"
 msgstr "<a id=\"gnustep\"><strong>Contribuer au Projet GNUstep</strong></a>"
 
 # type: Content of: <dl><dd>
-msgid "Please contribute as a user and developer to <a 
href=\"http://www.gnustep.org\";>GNUstep</a>, a free object-oriented framework 
for application development, and help it achieve the status of a complete and 
featured desktop environment."
-msgstr "Veuillez contribuer en tant qu'utilisateur et développeur à <a 
href=\"http://www.gnustep.org\";>GNUstep</a>, un environnement de développement 
libre orienté objet pour le développement d'applications et aidez-le à 
atteindre l'état d'environnement de développement complet et fonctionnel."
+msgid ""
+"Please contribute as a user and developer to <a href=\"http://www.gnustep.org";
+"\">GNUstep</a>, a free object-oriented framework for application "
+"development, and help it achieve the status of a complete and featured "
+"desktop environment."
+msgstr ""
+"Veuillez contribuer en tant qu'utilisateur et développeur à <a 
href=\"http://";
+"www.gnustep.org\">GNUstep</a>, un environnement de développement libre "
+"orienté objet pour le développement d'applications et aidez-le à atteindre 
"
+"l'état d'environnement de développement complet et fonctionnel."
 
 # type: Content of: <dl><dt>
-msgid "<a id=\"wipochange\"><b>Call on WIPO to change its name and 
mission:</b></a>"
-msgstr "<a id=\"wipochange\"><b>Appelez l'OMPI à changer son nom et sa 
mission&nbsp;:</b></a>"
+msgid ""
+"<a id=\"wipochange\"><b>Call on WIPO to change its name and mission:</b></a>"
+msgstr ""
+"<a id=\"wipochange\"><b>Appelez l'OMPI à changer son nom et sa 
mission&nbsp;:"
+"</b></a>"
 
 # type: Content of: <dl><dd>
-msgid "People are invited to support this declaration calling on WIPO to 
change its name and mission.  <a 
href=\"http://fsfeurope.org/documents/wiwo.en.html\";>http://fsfeurope.org/documents/wiwo.en.html</a>"
-msgstr "Vous êtes invités à soutenir cette déclaration appelant l'OMPI à 
changer son nom et sa mission. <a 
href=\"http://fsfeurope.org/documents/wiwo.fr.html\";>http://fsfeurope.org/documents/wiwo.fr.html</a>"
+msgid ""
+"People are invited to support this declaration calling on WIPO to change its "
+"name and mission.  <a href=\"http://fsfeurope.org/documents/wiwo.en.html";
+"\">http://fsfeurope.org/documents/wiwo.en.html</a>"
+msgstr ""
+"Vous êtes invités à soutenir cette déclaration appelant l'OMPI à changer 
son "
+"nom et sa mission. <a href=\"http://fsfeurope.org/documents/wiwo.fr.html";
+"\">http://fsfeurope.org/documents/wiwo.fr.html</a>"
 
 # type: Content of: <dl><dt>
 msgid "<a id=\"swpat\"><b>Help Fight Software Patents in Europe:</b></a>"
-msgstr "<a id=\"swpat\"><b>Aidez à combattre les brevets logiciels en 
Europe&nbsp;:</b></a>"
+msgstr ""
+"<a id=\"swpat\"><b>Aidez à combattre les brevets logiciels en 
Europe&nbsp;:</"
+"b></a>"
 
 # type: Content of: <dl><dd>
-msgid "Please see <a href=\"http://eupat.ffii.org/girzu/#hd003\";> 
http://eupat.ffii.org/girzu/#hd003</a> for what you can do to help fight 
against software patents in Europe.  (For more specific involvement see <a 
href=\"http://kwiki.ffii.org/FfiiprojEn\";> 
http://kwiki.ffii.org/FfiiprojEn</a>.)"
-msgstr "Veuillez consulter <a 
href=\"http://eupat.ffii.org/girzu/#hd003\";>http://eupat.ffii.org/girzu/#hd003</a>
 pour savoir ce que vous pouvez faire pour aider à combattre les brevets 
logiciels en Europe. (Pour une implication plus spécifique, consultez <a 
href=\"http://kwiki.ffii.org/FfiiprojFr\";> 
http://kwiki.ffii.org/FfiiprojFr</a>.)"
+msgid ""
+"Please see <a href=\"http://eupat.ffii.org/girzu/#hd003\";> http://eupat.ffii.";
+"org/girzu/#hd003</a> for what you can do to help fight against software "
+"patents in Europe.  (For more specific involvement see <a href=\"http://";
+"kwiki.ffii.org/FfiiprojEn\"> http://kwiki.ffii.org/FfiiprojEn</a>.)"
+msgstr ""
+"Veuillez consulter <a href=\"http://eupat.ffii.org/girzu/#hd003\";>http://";
+"eupat.ffii.org/girzu/#hd003</a> pour savoir ce que vous pouvez faire pour "
+"aider à combattre les brevets logiciels en Europe. (Pour une implication "
+"plus spécifique, consultez <a href=\"http://kwiki.ffii.org/FfiiprojFr\";> "
+"http://kwiki.ffii.org/FfiiprojFr</a>.)"
 
 # type: Content of: <dl><dt>
-#| msgid ""
-#| "<a id=\"unmaint\"><b>Take over an unmaintained GNU package:</b></a> <a "
-#| "href=\"/software/fontutils/\">fontutils</a>, <a href=\"/software/gleem/"
-#| "\">gleem</a>, <a href=\"/software/gnatsweb/\">gnatsweb</a>, <a href=\"/"
-#| "software/gnutrition/\">gnutrition</a>, <a href=\"/software/oleo/\">oleo</"
-#| "a>, <a href=\"/software/pgccfd/\">pgccfd</a>, <a href=\"/software/"
-#| "polyxmass/\">polyxmass</a>, <a href=\"/software/xmorph/\">xmorph</a>.  We "
-#| "are also looking for a co-maintainer for the CASE tool <a href=\"/"
-#| "software/ferret/\">ferret</a> and the bug tracking tool <a href=\"/"
-#| "software/gnats/\">gnats</a>."
-msgid "<a id=\"unmaint\"><b>Take over an unmaintained GNU package:</b></a> <a 
href=\"/software/fontutils/\">fontutils</a>, <a 
href=\"/software/gleem/\">gleem</a>, <a 
href=\"/software/gnatsweb/\">gnatsweb</a>, <a 
href=\"/software/gnutrition/\">gnutrition</a>, <a 
href=\"/software/gtypist/\">gtypist</a>, <a href=\"/software/oleo/\">oleo</a>, 
<a href=\"/software/pgccfd/\">pgccfd</a>, <a 
href=\"/software/polyxmass/\">polyxmass</a>, <a 
href=\"/software/rpge/\">rpge</a>, <a href=\"/software/vmslib/\">vmslib</a>, <a 
href=\"/software/xmorph/\">xmorph</a>.  We are also looking for a co-maintainer 
for the CASE tool <a href=\"/software/ferret/\">ferret</a> and the bug tracking 
tool <a href=\"/software/gnats/\">gnats</a>."
-msgstr "<a id=\"unmaint\"><b>Reprenez la maintenance d'un paquetage 
GNU&nbsp;:</b></a> <a href=\"/software/fontutils/\">fontutils</a>, <a 
href=\"/software/gleem/\">gleem</a>, <a 
href=\"/software/gnatsweb/\">gnatsweb</a>, <a 
href=\"/software/gnutrition/\">gnutrition</a>, <a 
href=\"/software/gtypist/\">gtypist</a>, <a href=\"/software/oleo/\">oleo</a>, 
<a href=\"/software/pgccfd/\">pgccfd</a>, <a 
href=\"/software/polyxmass/\">polyxmass</a>, <a 
href=\"/software/rpge/\">rpge</a>, <a href=\"/software/vmslib/\">vmslib</a>, <a 
href=\"/software/xmorph/\">xmorph</a>.  Nous recherchons aussi un mainteneur 
pour l'outil CASE <a href=\"/software/ferret/\">ferret</a> et l'outil de suivi 
de bogues <a href=\"/software/gnats/\">gnats</a>."
+msgid ""
+"<a id=\"unmaint\"><b>Take over an unmaintained GNU package:</b></a> <a href="
+"\"/software/fontutils/\">fontutils</a>, <a href=\"/software/gleem/\">gleem</"
+"a>, <a href=\"/software/gnatsweb/\">gnatsweb</a>, <a href=\"/software/"
+"gnutrition/\">gnutrition</a>, <a href=\"/software/gtypist/\">gtypist</a>, <a "
+"href=\"/software/oleo/\">oleo</a>, <a href=\"/software/pgccfd/\">pgccfd</a>, "
+"<a href=\"/software/polyxmass/\">polyxmass</a>, <a href=\"/software/rpge/"
+"\">rpge</a>, <a href=\"/software/vmslib/\">vmslib</a>, <a href=\"/software/"
+"xmorph/\">xmorph</a>.  We are also looking for a co-maintainer for the CASE "
+"tool <a href=\"/software/ferret/\">ferret</a> and the bug tracking tool <a "
+"href=\"/software/gnats/\">gnats</a>."
+msgstr ""
+"<a id=\"unmaint\"><b>Reprenez la maintenance d'un paquetage GNU&nbsp;:</b></"
+"a> <a href=\"/software/fontutils/\">fontutils</a>, <a href=\"/software/gleem/"
+"\">gleem</a>, <a href=\"/software/gnatsweb/\">gnatsweb</a>, <a href=\"/"
+"software/gnutrition/\">gnutrition</a>, <a href=\"/software/gtypist/"
+"\">gtypist</a>, <a href=\"/software/oleo/\">oleo</a>, <a href=\"/software/"
+"pgccfd/\">pgccfd</a>, <a href=\"/software/polyxmass/\">polyxmass</a>, <a "
+"href=\"/software/rpge/\">rpge</a>, <a href=\"/software/vmslib/\">vmslib</a>, "
+"<a href=\"/software/xmorph/\">xmorph</a>.  Nous recherchons aussi un "
+"mainteneur pour l'outil CASE <a href=\"/software/ferret/\">ferret</a> et "
+"l'outil de suivi de bogues <a href=\"/software/gnats/\">gnats</a>."
 
 # type: Content of: <dl><dd>
-msgid "See the package web pages for specific information, and <a 
href=\"/help/evaluation.html#whatmeans\">this general information about GNU 
packages and maintenance</a>, and then email <a 
href=\"mailto:address@hidden";>address@hidden</a> if you have time and interest 
in taking over one of these projects.  Of course, many GNU projects are seeking 
other help of various kinds; see the <a href=\"/prep/tasks.html\">GNU Task 
list</a>."
-msgstr "Consultez les pages Web sur les paquetages pour des informations plus 
spécifiques et <a href=\"/help/evaluation.html#whatmeans\">ces informations 
générales sur les paquetages GNU et la maintenance</a>, puis faites un 
courriel <a href=\"mailto:address@hidden";>address@hidden</a> si vous avez du 
temps et de l'intérêt pour reprendre un de ces projets. Bien sûr, beaucoup 
de projets GNU recherchent de l'aide dans divers domaines&nbsp;; consultez la 
<a href=\"/prep/tasks.html\">liste des tâches GNU</a>."
+msgid ""
+"See the package web pages for specific information, and <a href=\"/help/"
+"evaluation.html#whatmeans\">this general information about GNU packages and "
+"maintenance</a>, and then email <a href=\"mailto:address@hidden";
+"\">address@hidden</a> if you have time and interest in taking over one "
+"of these projects.  Of course, many GNU projects are seeking other help of "
+"various kinds; see the <a href=\"/prep/tasks.html\">GNU Task list</a>."
+msgstr ""
+"Consultez les pages Web sur les paquetages pour des informations plus "
+"spécifiques et <a href=\"/help/evaluation.html#whatmeans\">ces informations "
+"générales sur les paquetages GNU et la maintenance</a>, puis faites un "
+"courriel <a href=\"mailto:address@hidden";>address@hidden</a> si "
+"vous avez du temps et de l'intérêt pour reprendre un de ces projets. Bien "
+"sûr, beaucoup de projets GNU recherchent de l'aide dans divers "
+"domaines&nbsp;; consultez la <a href=\"/prep/tasks.html\">liste des tâches "
+"GNU</a>."
 
 # type: Content of: <dl><dt>
 msgid "<a id=\"directory\"><b>Enhance the Free Software Directory:</b></a>"
-msgstr "<a id=\"directory\"><b>Améliorez le Répertoire des logiciels 
libres&nbsp;:</b></a>"
+msgstr ""
+"<a id=\"directory\"><b>Améliorez le Répertoire des logiciels 
libres&nbsp;:</"
+"b></a>"
 
 # type: Content of: <dl><dd>
-msgid "We would like your suggestions for free software packages to add to the 
<a href=\"/directory\">Free Software Directory</a>.  Please look up your 
favorite free software packages there, and if one of them is not found, please 
suggest it.  <a href=\"mailto:address@hidden";>Please email us</a> the package 
name and the URL for where it can be found.  You can also help even further by 
<a href=\"http://www.gnu.org/help/directory.html#adding-entries\";> writing a 
draft entry</a> that we could start with."
-msgstr "Nous aimerions avoir vos suggestions pour l'ajout de logiciels libres 
dans le <a href=\"/directory\">Répertoires des logiciels libres</a>. Veuillez 
rechercher vos logiciels libres préférés ici, et si vous ne trouvez pas l'un 
d'entre eux, veuillez le suggérer. <a href=\"mailto:address@hidden";>Veuillez 
nous envoyer</a> le nom du paquetage et l'URL où il peut être trouvé. Vous 
pouvez aussi aider encore plus <a 
href=\"http://www.gnu.org/help/directory.html#adding-entries\";>en écrivant un 
brouillon d'entrée</a> avec lequel nous pourrions démarrer."
+msgid ""
+"We would like your suggestions for free software packages to add to the <a "
+"href=\"/directory\">Free Software Directory</a>.  Please look up your "
+"favorite free software packages there, and if one of them is not found, "
+"please suggest it.  <a href=\"mailto:address@hidden";>Please email "
+"us</a> the package name and the URL for where it can be found.  You can also "
+"help even further by <a href=\"http://www.gnu.org/help/directory.html#adding-";
+"entries\"> writing a draft entry</a> that we could start with."
+msgstr ""
+"Nous aimerions avoir vos suggestions pour l'ajout de logiciels libres dans "
+"le <a href=\"/directory\">Répertoires des logiciels libres</a>. Veuillez "
+"rechercher vos logiciels libres préférés ici, et si vous ne trouvez pas 
l'un "
+"d'entre eux, veuillez le suggérer. <a href=\"mailto:address@hidden";
+"\">Veuillez nous envoyer</a> le nom du paquetage et l'URL où il peut être "
+"trouvé. Vous pouvez aussi aider encore plus <a href=\"http://www.gnu.org/";
+"help/directory.html#adding-entries\">en écrivant un brouillon d'entrée</a> "
+"avec lequel nous pourrions démarrer."
 
 # type: Content of: <dl><dt>
 msgid "<a id=\"antidmca\"><b>Petitions to Sign:</b></a>"
@@ -107,32 +200,59 @@
 #. http://www.digitalspeech.org</a> and help resist the media
 #. companies' campaign to impose restrictions on what your computer
 #. can do.
-msgid "Please sign <em>both</em> the <a 
href=\"http://www.petitiononline.com/pasp01/petition.html\";> Petition Against 
Software Patents</a> and the <a 
href=\"http://www.petitiononline.com/nixdmca/petition.html\";> Anti-DMCA 
Petition</a>."
-msgstr "Veuillez signer la <a 
href=\"http://www.petitiononline.com/pasp01/petition.html\";>Pétition contre 
les brevets logiciels</a> et la <a 
href=\"http://www.petitiononline.com/nixdmca/petition.html\";>Pétition contre 
DMCA</a>."
+msgid ""
+"Please sign <em>both</em> the <a href=\"http://www.petitiononline.com/pasp01/";
+"petition.html\"> Petition Against Software Patents</a> and the <a href="
+"\"http://www.petitiononline.com/nixdmca/petition.html\";> Anti-DMCA Petition</"
+"a>."
+msgstr ""
+"Veuillez signer la <a href=\"http://www.petitiononline.com/pasp01/petition.";
+"html\">Pétition contre les brevets logiciels</a> et la <a href=\"http://www.";
+"petitiononline.com/nixdmca/petition.html\">Pétition contre DMCA</a>."
 
 # type: Content of: <p>
 msgid "You can help the GNU Project, visit these links."
 msgstr "vous pouvez aider le Projet GNU en visitant ces liens."
 
 # type: Content of: <ul><li>
-msgid "For Development free software and documents click <a 
href=\"http://savannah.gnu.org\";>here</a>. And <a 
href=\"/software/devel.html\">GNU Development Resources</a>"
-msgstr "Pour le développement de logiciels libres et la documentation cliquez 
<a href=\"http://savannah.gnu.org\";>ici</a>. Et les <a 
href=\"/software/devel.html\">Ressources de développement GNU</a>"
+msgid ""
+"For Development free software and documents click <a href=\"http://savannah.";
+"gnu.org\">here</a>. And <a href=\"/software/devel.html\">GNU Development "
+"Resources</a>"
+msgstr ""
+"Pour le développement de logiciels libres et la documentation cliquez <a "
+"href=\"http://savannah.gnu.org\";>ici</a>. Et les <a href=\"/software/devel."
+"html\">Ressources de développement GNU</a>"
 
 # type: Content of: <ul><li>
-msgid "If you need help for development, visit <a 
href=\"/help/gethelp.html\">Get Help</a>"
-msgstr "Si vous avez besoin d'aide pour le développement, visitez <a 
href=\"/help/gethelp.html\">Obtenir de l'aide</a>"
+msgid ""
+"If you need help for development, visit <a href=\"/help/gethelp.html\">Get "
+"Help</a>"
+msgstr ""
+"Si vous avez besoin d'aide pour le développement, visitez <a href=\"/help/"
+"gethelp.html\">Obtenir de l'aide</a>"
 
 # type: Content of: <ul><li>
-msgid "Start a GNU/Linux User Group in your town or country, and send us 
group's name. Visit for more information <a 
href=\"/gnu/gnu-user-groups.html\">GNU Users Groups</a>"
-msgstr "Montez un Groupe d'utulisateurs GNU/Linux dans votre ville ou votre 
pays et envoyez-nous le nom du groupe. Pour plus d'informations, visitez <a 
href=\"/gnu/gnu-user-groups.fr.html\">Groupes d'utilisateurs GNU</a>"
+msgid ""
+"Start a GNU/Linux User Group in your town or country, and send us group's "
+"name. Visit for more information <a href=\"/gnu/gnu-user-groups.html\">GNU "
+"Users Groups</a>"
+msgstr ""
+"Montez un Groupe d'utulisateurs GNU/Linux dans votre ville ou votre pays et "
+"envoyez-nous le nom du groupe. Pour plus d'informations, visitez <a href=\"/"
+"gnu/gnu-user-groups.fr.html\">Groupes d'utilisateurs GNU</a>"
 
 # type: Content of: <ul><li>
 msgid "Work in GNU projects."
 msgstr "Travailler dans les projets GNU."
 
 # type: Content of: <p>
-msgid "Finally visit <a href=\"/help/help.html\">How You Can Help the GNU 
Project</a> for more information."
-msgstr "Enfin, visitez <a href=\"/help/help.fr.html\">Comment aider le Projet 
GNU</a> pour plus d'informations."
+msgid ""
+"Finally visit <a href=\"/help/help.html\">How You Can Help the GNU Project</"
+"a> for more information."
+msgstr ""
+"Enfin, visitez <a href=\"/help/help.fr.html\">Comment aider le Projet GNU</"
+"a> pour plus d'informations."
 
 # type: Content of: <div>
 #. TRANSLATORS: Use space (SPC) as msgstr if you don't have notes.
@@ -140,25 +260,53 @@
 msgstr " "
 
 # type: Content of: <div><p>
-msgid "Please send FSF &amp; GNU inquiries to <a 
href=\"mailto:address@hidden";><em>address@hidden</em></a>.  There are also <a 
href=\"/contact/\">other ways to contact</a> the FSF.  <br /> Please send 
broken links and other corrections or suggestions to <a 
href=\"mailto:address@hidden";><em>address@hidden</em></a>."
-msgstr "Pour les questions et requ&ecirc;tes relatives &agrave; la FSF &amp; 
GNU&nbsp;: <a href=\"mailto:gnu&#64;gnu.org\";><em>gnu&#64;gnu.org</em></a>. 
Autres <a href=\"/home.fr.html#ContactInfo\">moyens pour contacter</a> la FSF. 
Merci d'envoyer des commentaires sur cette page web &agrave; <a 
href=\"mailto:webmasters&#64;gnu.org\";><em>webmasters&#64;gnu.org</em></a>."
+msgid ""
+"Please send FSF &amp; GNU inquiries to <a href=\"mailto:address@hidden";
+"\"><em>address@hidden</em></a>.  There are also <a href=\"/contact/\">other "
+"ways to contact</a> the FSF.  <br /> Please send broken links and other "
+"corrections or suggestions to <a href=\"mailto:address@hidden";
+"\"><em>address@hidden</em></a>."
+msgstr ""
+"Pour les questions et requ&ecirc;tes relatives &agrave; la FSF &amp; "
+"GNU&nbsp;: <a href=\"mailto:gnu&#64;gnu.org\";><em>gnu&#64;gnu.org</em></a>. "
+"Autres <a href=\"/home.fr.html#ContactInfo\">moyens pour contacter</a> la "
+"FSF. Merci d'envoyer des commentaires sur cette page web &agrave; <a href="
+"\"mailto:webmasters&#64;gnu.org\";><em>webmasters&#64;gnu.org</em></a>."
 
 # type: Content of: <div><p>
-msgid "Please see the <a 
href=\"/server/standards/README.translations.html\">Translations README</a> for 
information on coordinating and submitting translations of this article."
-msgstr "Veuillez consulter <a 
href=\"/server/standards/README.translations.fr.html\">Traductions de 
README</a> pour des informations sur la coordination et la soumission de 
traduction de cet article."
+msgid ""
+"Please see the <a href=\"/server/standards/README.translations.html"
+"\">Translations README</a> for information on coordinating and submitting "
+"translations of this article."
+msgstr ""
+"Veuillez consulter <a href=\"/server/standards/README.translations.fr.html"
+"\">Traductions de README</a> pour des informations sur la coordination et la "
+"soumission de traduction de cet article."
 
 # type: Content of: <div><p>
-msgid "Copyright &copy; 2004, 2005, 2006, 2007, 2008, 2009 Free Software 
Foundation, Inc."
-msgstr "Copyright &copy; 2004, 2005, 2006, 2007, 2008, 2009 Free Software 
Foundation, Inc.,"
+msgid ""
+"Copyright &copy; 2004, 2005, 2006, 2007, 2008, 2009 Free Software "
+"Foundation, Inc."
+msgstr ""
+"Copyright &copy; 2004, 2005, 2006, 2007, 2008, 2009 Free Software "
+"Foundation, Inc.,"
 
 # type: Content of: <div><p>
-msgid "Verbatim copying and distribution of this entire article are permitted 
worldwide, without royalty, in any medium, provided this notice, and the 
copyright notice, are preserved."
-msgstr "La reproduction exacte et la distribution int&eacute;grale de cet 
article est permise sur n'importe quel support d'archivage, pourvu que cette 
notice soit pr&eacute;serv&eacute;e."
+msgid ""
+"Verbatim copying and distribution of this entire article are permitted "
+"worldwide, without royalty, in any medium, provided this notice, and the "
+"copyright notice, are preserved."
+msgstr ""
+"La reproduction exacte et la distribution int&eacute;grale de cet article "
+"est permise sur n'importe quel support d'archivage, pourvu que cette notice "
+"soit pr&eacute;serv&eacute;e."
 
 # type: Content of: <div><div>
 #. TRANSLATORS: Use space (SPC) as msgstr if you don't want credits.
 msgid "*GNUN-SLOT: TRANSLATOR'S CREDITS*"
-msgstr "Traduction&nbsp;: C&eacute;dric Corazza.<br /> R&eacute;vision&nbsp;: 
<a href=\"mailto:trad-gnu&#64;april.org\";>trad-gnu&#64;april.org</a>"
+msgstr ""
+"Traduction&nbsp;: C&eacute;dric Corazza.<br /> R&eacute;vision&nbsp;: <a "
+"href=\"mailto:trad-gnu&#64;april.org\";>trad-gnu&#64;april.org</a>"
 
 # type: Content of: <div><p>
 #.  timestamp start
@@ -168,4 +316,3 @@
 # type: Content of: <div><h4>
 msgid "Translations of this page"
 msgstr "Traductions de cette page"
-

Index: fun/jokes/po/happy-new-year.cfbC.pot
===================================================================
RCS file: fun/jokes/po/happy-new-year.cfbC.pot
diff -N fun/jokes/po/happy-new-year.cfbC.pot
--- /dev/null   1 Jan 1970 00:00:00 -0000
+++ fun/jokes/po/happy-new-year.cfbC.pot        30 Nov 2009 21:26:35 -0000      
1.1
@@ -0,0 +1,101 @@
+# SOME DESCRIPTIVE TITLE
+# Copyright (C) YEAR Free Software Foundation, Inc.
+# This file is distributed under the same license as the PACKAGE package.
+# FIRST AUTHOR <address@hidden>, YEAR.
+#
+#, fuzzy
+msgid ""
+msgstr ""
+"Project-Id-Version: PACKAGE VERSION\n"
+"POT-Creation-Date: 2009-11-30 16:26-0500\n"
+"PO-Revision-Date: YEAR-MO-DA HO:MI+ZONE\n"
+"Last-Translator: FULL NAME <address@hidden>\n"
+"Language-Team: LANGUAGE <address@hidden>\n"
+"MIME-Version: 1.0\n"
+"Content-Type: text/plain; charset=CHARSET\n"
+"Content-Transfer-Encoding: ENCODING"
+
+# type: Content of: <title>
+msgid "Happy New Year- GNU Project - Free Software Foundation (FSF)"
+msgstr ""
+
+# type: Content of: <h2>
+msgid "Happy New Year in 4 languages"
+msgstr ""
+
+# type: Content of: <pre>
+#, no-wrap
+msgid ""
+"\n"
+"cat /*dev/null; echo \"Happy New Year\"\\!\n"
+"cat &lt;&lt;c*/ /*dev/null | cat > /dev/null\n"
+"c */ () {} /*\n"
+"c */ main() { cat(); printf(\"Happy New Year!\\n\"); } /*\n"
+"17      format('  Happy New Year!')\n"
+"        write (6,17)\n"
+"        stop\n"
+"        end\n"
+"c This program runs in four languages with the same effect.\n"
+"c The languages are C, Fortran, C Shell and Bourne Shell.\n"
+"c Written by Vadim Antonov, address@hidden"
+"c*/\n"
+msgstr ""
+
+# type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"This joke is also available in <a "
+"href=\"/fun/jokes/happy-new-year.cfbC\">plain text</a>."
+msgstr ""
+
+# type: Content of: <p>
+msgid "<a href=\"/fun/humor.html\">Other humor</a> in the GNU Humor 
Collection."
+msgstr ""
+
+# type: Content of: <h4>
+msgid "Disclaimer"
+msgstr ""
+
+# type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"The joke on this page was obtained from the FSF's <a "
+"href=\"http://lists.gnu.org/\";>email archives</a> of the GNU Project."
+msgstr ""
+
+# type: Content of: <p>
+msgid "The Free Software Foundation claims no copyright on this joke."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. TRANSLATORS: Use space (SPC) as msgstr if you don't have notes.
+# type: Content of: <div>
+msgid "*GNUN-SLOT: TRANSLATOR'S NOTES*"
+msgstr ""
+
+# type: Content of: <div><p>
+msgid ""
+"Please send FSF &amp; GNU inquiries to <a "
+"href=\"mailto:address@hidden";>&lt;address@hidden&gt;</a>.  There are also <a "
+"href=\"/contact/\">other ways to contact</a> the FSF.  <br /> Please send "
+"broken links and other corrections or suggestions to <a "
+"href=\"mailto:address@hidden";>&lt;address@hidden&gt;</a>."
+msgstr ""
+
+# type: Content of: <div><p>
+msgid ""
+"Please see the <a "
+"href=\"/server/standards/README.translations.html\">Translations README</a> "
+"for information on coordinating and submitting translations of this article."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. TRANSLATORS: Use space (SPC) as msgstr if you don't want credits.
+# type: Content of: <div><div>
+msgid "*GNUN-SLOT: TRANSLATOR'S CREDITS*"
+msgstr ""
+
+#.  timestamp start 
+# type: Content of: <div><p>
+msgid "Updated:"
+msgstr ""
+
+# type: Content of: <div><h4>
+msgid "Translations of this page"
+msgstr ""




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