[Date Prev][Date Next][Thread Prev][Thread Next][Date Index][Thread Index]
www education/po/how-i-fought-to-graduate-witho...
|
From: |
GNUN |
|
Subject: |
www education/po/how-i-fought-to-graduate-witho... |
|
Date: |
Thu, 30 Dec 2021 05:33:44 -0500 (EST) |
CVSROOT: /web/www
Module name: www
Changes by: GNUN <gnun> 21/12/30 05:33:44
Modified files:
education/po :
how-i-fought-to-graduate-without-using-non-free-software.pt-br.po
how-i-fought-to-graduate-without-using-non-free-software.translist
help/po : priority-projects.translist
licenses/old-licenses: gpl-2.0-faq.es.html
licenses/old-licenses/po: gpl-2.0-faq.es-en.html
gpl-2.0-faq.es.po
philosophy/po : fs-and-sustainable-development.pt-br.po
fs-and-sustainable-development.translist
using-gfdl.pt-br.po using-gfdl.translist
wwworst-app-store.translist
testimonials/po: reliable.pt-br.po reliable.translist
Added files:
education :
how-i-fought-to-graduate-without-using-non-free-software.pt-br.html
education/po :
how-i-fought-to-graduate-without-using-non-free-software.pt-br-en.html
help : priority-projects.pt-br.html
help/po : priority-projects.pt-br-en.html
philosophy : fs-and-sustainable-development.pt-br.html
using-gfdl.pt-br.html
wwworst-app-store.pt-br.html
philosophy/po : fs-and-sustainable-development.pt-br-en.html
using-gfdl.pt-br-en.html
wwworst-app-store.pt-br-en.html
testimonials : reliable.pt-br.html
testimonials/po: reliable.pt-br-en.html
Log message:
Automatic update by GNUnited Nations.
CVSWeb URLs:
http://web.cvs.savannah.gnu.org/viewcvs/www/education/how-i-fought-to-graduate-without-using-non-free-software.pt-br.html?cvsroot=www&rev=1.1
http://web.cvs.savannah.gnu.org/viewcvs/www/education/po/how-i-fought-to-graduate-without-using-non-free-software.pt-br.po?cvsroot=www&r1=1.1&r2=1.2
http://web.cvs.savannah.gnu.org/viewcvs/www/education/po/how-i-fought-to-graduate-without-using-non-free-software.translist?cvsroot=www&r1=1.3&r2=1.4
http://web.cvs.savannah.gnu.org/viewcvs/www/education/po/how-i-fought-to-graduate-without-using-non-free-software.pt-br-en.html?cvsroot=www&rev=1.1
http://web.cvs.savannah.gnu.org/viewcvs/www/help/priority-projects.pt-br.html?cvsroot=www&rev=1.1
http://web.cvs.savannah.gnu.org/viewcvs/www/help/po/priority-projects.translist?cvsroot=www&r1=1.1&r2=1.2
http://web.cvs.savannah.gnu.org/viewcvs/www/help/po/priority-projects.pt-br-en.html?cvsroot=www&rev=1.1
http://web.cvs.savannah.gnu.org/viewcvs/www/licenses/old-licenses/gpl-2.0-faq.es.html?cvsroot=www&r1=1.49&r2=1.50
http://web.cvs.savannah.gnu.org/viewcvs/www/licenses/old-licenses/po/gpl-2.0-faq.es-en.html?cvsroot=www&r1=1.29&r2=1.30
http://web.cvs.savannah.gnu.org/viewcvs/www/licenses/old-licenses/po/gpl-2.0-faq.es.po?cvsroot=www&r1=1.59&r2=1.60
http://web.cvs.savannah.gnu.org/viewcvs/www/philosophy/fs-and-sustainable-development.pt-br.html?cvsroot=www&rev=1.1
http://web.cvs.savannah.gnu.org/viewcvs/www/philosophy/using-gfdl.pt-br.html?cvsroot=www&rev=1.1
http://web.cvs.savannah.gnu.org/viewcvs/www/philosophy/wwworst-app-store.pt-br.html?cvsroot=www&rev=1.1
http://web.cvs.savannah.gnu.org/viewcvs/www/philosophy/po/fs-and-sustainable-development.pt-br.po?cvsroot=www&r1=1.1&r2=1.2
http://web.cvs.savannah.gnu.org/viewcvs/www/philosophy/po/fs-and-sustainable-development.translist?cvsroot=www&r1=1.4&r2=1.5
http://web.cvs.savannah.gnu.org/viewcvs/www/philosophy/po/using-gfdl.pt-br.po?cvsroot=www&r1=1.1&r2=1.2
http://web.cvs.savannah.gnu.org/viewcvs/www/philosophy/po/using-gfdl.translist?cvsroot=www&r1=1.14&r2=1.15
http://web.cvs.savannah.gnu.org/viewcvs/www/philosophy/po/wwworst-app-store.translist?cvsroot=www&r1=1.3&r2=1.4
http://web.cvs.savannah.gnu.org/viewcvs/www/philosophy/po/fs-and-sustainable-development.pt-br-en.html?cvsroot=www&rev=1.1
http://web.cvs.savannah.gnu.org/viewcvs/www/philosophy/po/using-gfdl.pt-br-en.html?cvsroot=www&rev=1.1
http://web.cvs.savannah.gnu.org/viewcvs/www/philosophy/po/wwworst-app-store.pt-br-en.html?cvsroot=www&rev=1.1
http://web.cvs.savannah.gnu.org/viewcvs/www/testimonials/reliable.pt-br.html?cvsroot=www&rev=1.1
http://web.cvs.savannah.gnu.org/viewcvs/www/testimonials/po/reliable.pt-br.po?cvsroot=www&r1=1.1&r2=1.2
http://web.cvs.savannah.gnu.org/viewcvs/www/testimonials/po/reliable.translist?cvsroot=www&r1=1.8&r2=1.9
http://web.cvs.savannah.gnu.org/viewcvs/www/testimonials/po/reliable.pt-br-en.html?cvsroot=www&rev=1.1
Patches:
Index:
education/po/how-i-fought-to-graduate-without-using-non-free-software.pt-br.po
===================================================================
RCS file:
/web/www/www/education/po/how-i-fought-to-graduate-without-using-non-free-software.pt-br.po,v
retrieving revision 1.1
retrieving revision 1.2
diff -u -b -r1.1 -r1.2
Index:
education/po/how-i-fought-to-graduate-without-using-non-free-software.translist
===================================================================
RCS file:
/web/www/www/education/po/how-i-fought-to-graduate-without-using-non-free-software.translist,v
retrieving revision 1.3
retrieving revision 1.4
diff -u -b -r1.3 -r1.4
---
education/po/how-i-fought-to-graduate-without-using-non-free-software.translist
18 Sep 2021 14:04:01 -0000 1.3
+++
education/po/how-i-fought-to-graduate-without-using-non-free-software.translist
30 Dec 2021 10:33:40 -0000 1.4
@@ -4,11 +4,13 @@
<p>
<span dir="ltr" class="original">[en] <a lang="en" hreflang="en"
href="/education/how-i-fought-to-graduate-without-using-non-free-software.en.html">English</a>
</span>
<span dir="ltr">[fr] <a lang="fr" hreflang="fr"
href="/education/how-i-fought-to-graduate-without-using-non-free-software.fr.html">français</a>
</span>
+<span dir="ltr">[pt-br] <a lang="pt-br" hreflang="pt-br"
href="/education/how-i-fought-to-graduate-without-using-non-free-software.pt-br.html">português</a>
</span>
<span dir="ltr">[zh-cn] <a lang="zh-cn" hreflang="zh-cn"
href="/education/how-i-fought-to-graduate-without-using-non-free-software.zh-cn.html">ç®ä½ä¸æ</a>
</span>
</p>
</div>' -->
<link rel="alternate" type="text/html"
href="/education/how-i-fought-to-graduate-without-using-non-free-software.html"
hreflang="x-default" />
<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" lang="en" hreflang="en"
href="/education/how-i-fought-to-graduate-without-using-non-free-software.en.html"
title="English" />
<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" lang="fr" hreflang="fr"
href="/education/how-i-fought-to-graduate-without-using-non-free-software.fr.html"
title="français" />
+<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" lang="pt-br" hreflang="pt-br"
href="/education/how-i-fought-to-graduate-without-using-non-free-software.pt-br.html"
title="português" />
<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" lang="zh-cn" hreflang="zh-cn"
href="/education/how-i-fought-to-graduate-without-using-non-free-software.zh-cn.html"
title="ç®ä½ä¸æ" />
<!-- end translist file -->
Index: help/po/priority-projects.translist
===================================================================
RCS file: /web/www/www/help/po/priority-projects.translist,v
retrieving revision 1.1
retrieving revision 1.2
diff -u -b -r1.1 -r1.2
--- help/po/priority-projects.translist 4 Jun 2020 08:30:33 -0000 1.1
+++ help/po/priority-projects.translist 30 Dec 2021 10:33:41 -0000 1.2
@@ -3,8 +3,10 @@
value='<div id="translations">
<p>
<span dir="ltr" class="original">[en] <a lang="en" hreflang="en"
href="/help/priority-projects.en.html">English</a> </span>
+<span dir="ltr">[pt-br] <a lang="pt-br" hreflang="pt-br"
href="/help/priority-projects.pt-br.html">português</a> </span>
</p>
</div>' -->
<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="/help/priority-projects.html"
hreflang="x-default" />
<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" lang="en" hreflang="en"
href="/help/priority-projects.en.html" title="English" />
+<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" lang="pt-br" hreflang="pt-br"
href="/help/priority-projects.pt-br.html" title="português" />
<!-- end translist file -->
Index: licenses/old-licenses/gpl-2.0-faq.es.html
===================================================================
RCS file: /web/www/www/licenses/old-licenses/gpl-2.0-faq.es.html,v
retrieving revision 1.49
retrieving revision 1.50
diff -u -b -r1.49 -r1.50
--- licenses/old-licenses/gpl-2.0-faq.es.html 30 Apr 2021 09:12:08 -0000
1.49
+++ licenses/old-licenses/gpl-2.0-faq.es.html 30 Dec 2021 10:33:41 -0000
1.50
@@ -1,17 +1,32 @@
<!--#set var="ENGLISH_PAGE" value="/licenses/old-licenses/gpl-2.0-faq.en.html"
-->
<!--#include virtual="/server/header.es.html" -->
-<!-- Parent-Version: 1.86 -->
+<!-- Parent-Version: 1.96 -->
+<!-- This page is derived from /server/standards/boilerplate.html -->
<!-- This file is automatically generated by GNUnited Nations! -->
<title>Preguntas frecuentes acerca de la versión 2 de la GPL de GNU -
Proyecto GNU
- Free Software Foundation </title>
+<style type="text/css" media="screen"><!--
+ul .emph-box { padding-top: .7em; }
+#template-diagram {
+ width: 37.5em; max-width: 100%;
+ margin: auto;
+}
+#template-diagram img { width: 100%; }
+.note#fsf-licensing {
+ float: none;
+ width: 47em; max-width: 93%;
+ margin: 1.5em auto 3em;
+}
+-->
+</style>
<!--#include virtual="/licenses/old-licenses/po/gpl-2.0-faq.translist" -->
<!--#include virtual="/server/banner.es.html" -->
-<h2>Preguntas frecuentes acerca de la versión 2 de la GPL de GNU</h2>
+<h2 class="c">Preguntas frecuentes acerca de la versión 2 de la GPL de
GNU</h2>
-<!--#include virtual="/licenses/fsf-licensing.es.html" -->
+<div class="comment">
<p>
Esta página contiene respuestas a las preguntas más comunes acerca de la
Licencia Pública General de GNU (GPL), versión 2. Las FAQ de la versión
@@ -25,12 +40,61 @@
href="/cgi-bin/license-quiz.cgi">poner a prueba sus conocimientos de las
licencias de software libre con nuestro test</a>.
</p>
+</div>
<!-- Replace this list with the page's contents. -->
-<h3 style="clear: both; padding: .3em 0; border-bottom: 1px solid #999">
-Ãndice general</h3>
+<div class="toc">
+<h3 class="no-display">Ãndice general</h3>
+<!--#set var='CLOSE' value='</b>
+</a>' -->
+<ul>
+ <li><!--#set var='ANCHOR' value='<a href="#basics"><b>' -->
+<!--#echo
+encoding='none' var='ANCHOR' -->
+Preguntas básicas acerca de la GPL, el proyecto GNU y la Free Software
+Foundation<!--#echo
+encoding='none' var='CLOSE' -->
+</li>
+ <li><!--#set var='ANCHOR' value='<a href="#understanding"><b>' -->
+<!--#echo
+encoding='none' var='ANCHOR' -->
+Ideas generales acerca de la GPL<!--#echo
+encoding='none' var='CLOSE' -->
+</li>
+ <li><!--#set var='ANCHOR' value='<a href="#licensing"><b>' -->
+<!--#echo
+encoding='none' var='ANCHOR' -->
+Utilización de la GPL para sus programas<!--#echo encoding='none' var='CLOSE'
-->
+</li>
+ <li><!--#set var='ANCHOR' value='<a href="#distributing"><b>' -->
+<!--#echo
+encoding='none' var='ANCHOR' -->
+Distribución de programas publicados bajo la GPL<!--#echo
+encoding='none' var='CLOSE' -->
+</li>
+ <li><!--#set var='ANCHOR' value='<a href="#using-programs"><b>' -->
+<!--#echo
+encoding='none' var='ANCHOR' -->
+Utilización de programas publicados bajo la GPL cuando se escriben otros
+programas<!--#echo
+encoding='none' var='CLOSE' -->
+</li>
+ <li><!--#set var='ANCHOR' value='<a href="#combining"><b>' -->
+<!--#echo
+encoding='none' var='ANCHOR' -->
+Combinación de trabajos con código publicado bajo la GPL<!--#echo
+encoding='none' var='CLOSE' -->
+</li>
+ <li><!--#set var='ANCHOR' value='<a href="#violations"><b>' -->
+<!--#echo
+encoding='none' var='ANCHOR' -->
+Preguntas acerca de incumplimientos de la GPL<!--#echo
+encoding='none' var='CLOSE' -->
+</li>
+</ul>
+<hr class="thin" />
- <h4>Preguntas básicas acerca de la GPL, el proyecto GNU y la Free Software
+ <h4 id="basics">Preguntas básicas acerca de la GPL, el proyecto GNU y la
Free Software
Foundation</h4>
<ul>
@@ -73,7 +137,7 @@
</ul>
- <h4>Ideas generales acerca de la GPL</h4>
+ <h4 id="understanding">Ideas generales acerca de la GPL</h4>
<ul>
<li><a href="#WhyDoesTheGPLPermitUsersToPublishTheirModifiedVersions"
@@ -161,7 +225,7 @@
</ul>
- <h4>Utilización de la GPL para sus programas</h4>
+ <h4 id="licensing">Utilización de la GPL para sus programas</h4>
<ul>
@@ -214,7 +278,7 @@
programa que he creado utilizando herramientas que no son libres?</a></li>
</ul>
- <h4>Distribución de programas publicados bajo la GPL</h4>
+ <h4 id="distributing">Distribución de programas publicados bajo la GPL</h4>
<ul>
@@ -299,7 +363,7 @@
</ul>
- <h4>Utilización de programas publicados bajo la GPL cuando se escriben otros
+ <h4 id="using-programs">Utilización de programas publicados bajo la GPL
cuando se escriben otros
programas</h4>
<ul>
@@ -327,7 +391,7 @@
</ul>
- <h4>Combinación de trabajos con código publicado bajo la GPL</h4>
+ <h4 id="combining">Combinación de trabajos con código publicado bajo la
GPL</h4>
<ul>
@@ -446,7 +510,7 @@
</ul>
- <h4>Preguntas acerca de incumplimientos de la GPL</h4>
+ <h4 id="violations">Preguntas acerca de incumplimientos de la GPL</h4>
<ul>
@@ -472,9 +536,11 @@
</ul>
-<hr />
+<hr class="no-display" />
+</div>
-<dl>
+<!--#include virtual="/licenses/fsf-licensing.es.html" -->
+<dl class="article reduced-width">
<dt><b><a href="#TOCWhatDoesGPLStandFor" id="WhatDoesGPLStandFor">¿Qué
significa
«GPL»?</a></b></dt>
@@ -914,7 +980,7 @@
<dd>
Si las bibliotecas que usted enlaza entran dentro de la siguiente salvedad
de la GPL:
-<blockquote><p>
+<blockquote class="emph-box"><p>
<cite>However, as a special exception, the source code distributed need
not
include anything that is normally distributed (in either source or binary
form) with the major components (compiler, kernel, and so on) of the
@@ -935,7 +1001,7 @@
completamente aparte de la GPL. Esta nota de copyright y la de la licencia
dan permiso para enlazar con el programa X:</p>
-<blockquote><p>
+<blockquote class="emph-box"><p>
Copyright (C) yyyy [nombre del titular del copyright]
</p><p>
<cite>This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify
@@ -1318,7 +1384,7 @@
<dd>
Porque impone una exigencia especÃfica que no está en la GPL; a saber, el
requisito acerca de los avisos del programa. La GPL estipula:
-<blockquote><p>
+<blockquote class="emph-box"><p>
<cite>You may not impose any further restrictions on the recipients'
exercise of the rights granted herein.</cite><a
href="#TransNote6"><sup>[6]</sup></a>.
@@ -1441,7 +1507,7 @@
<dd>
Añada este texto a la nota legal de cada archivo incluido en el paquete, al
final del texto que dice que el archivo se distribuye bajo la GPL de GNU:
-<blockquote>
+<blockquote class="emph-box">
<p>
<cite>Linking ABC statically or dynamically with other modules is making a
combined work based on ABC. Thus, the terms and conditions of the GNU
@@ -2169,7 +2235,7 @@
licencia de cada archivo del paquete (hasta donde sea posible), al final del
texto que dice que el archivo se distribuye bajo la GPL de GNU:</p>
-<blockquote><p>
+<blockquote class="emph-box"><p>
<cite>As a special exception, if you create a document which uses this font,
and embed this font or unaltered portions of this font into the document,
this font does not by itself cause the resulting document to be covered by
@@ -2206,11 +2272,14 @@
(normalmente bajo condiciones incompatibles). </p>
<!-- GNUN: localize URL /licenses/template-diagram.es.png -->
-<p><a href="/licenses/template-diagram.es.png"><img
src="/licenses/template-diagram.es.png" alt="Un diagrama del contenido arriba
mencionado" /></a></p>
+<p id="template-diagram"><a href="/licenses/template-diagram.es.png">
+<img src="/licenses/template-diagram.es.png"
+ alt="Un diagrama del contenido arriba mencionado"/></a></p>
<p>Esta es una excepción para el código JavaScript:</p>
-<blockquote><p><cite>As a special exception to GPL, any HTML file which merely
makes
+<blockquote class="emph-box"><p>
+<cite>As a special exception to GPL, any HTML file which merely makes
function calls to this code, and for that purpose includes it by reference
shall be deemed a separate work for copyright law purposes. In addition,
the copyright holders of this code give you permission to combine this code
@@ -2285,7 +2354,7 @@
<p>
Una traducción no aprobada no tiene fuerza legal, y asà debe decirlo de
forma explÃcita. Debe indicarlo como sigue:</p>
-<blockquote><p>
+<blockquote class="emph-box"><p>
<cite>This translation of the GPL is informal, and not officially approved
by the Free Software Foundation as valid. To be completely sure of what is
permitted, refer to the original GPL (in English).</cite><br/><br/>Esta
@@ -2583,7 +2652,7 @@
<!-- for id="content", starts in the include above -->
<!--#include virtual="/server/footer.es.html" -->
-<div id="footer">
+<div id="footer" role="contentinfo">
<div class="unprintable">
<p>EnvÃe sus consultas acerca de la FSF y GNU a <a
@@ -2604,7 +2673,7 @@
<web-translators@gnu.org></a>.</p>
- <p>For information on coordinating and submitting translations of
+ <p>For information on coordinating and contributing translations of
our web pages, see <a
href="/server/standards/README.translations.html">Translations
README</a>. -->
@@ -2618,8 +2687,8 @@
el envÃo de traducciones de las páginas de este sitio web.</p>
</div>
-<p>Copyright © 2001, 2006, 2007, 2008, 2014, 2015, 2017, 2018, 2019, 2020
-Free Software Foundation, Inc.</p>
+<p>Copyright © 2001-2007, 2009, 2011, 2014, 2015, 2017, 2019, 2021 Free
+Software Foundation, Inc.</p>
<p>Esta página está bajo licencia <a rel="license"
href="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nd/4.0/deed.es_ES";>Creative
@@ -2634,7 +2703,7 @@
<p class="unprintable"><!-- timestamp start -->
Ãltima actualización:
-$Date: 2021/04/30 09:12:08 $
+$Date: 2021/12/30 10:33:41 $
<!-- timestamp end -->
</p>
Index: licenses/old-licenses/po/gpl-2.0-faq.es-en.html
===================================================================
RCS file: /web/www/www/licenses/old-licenses/po/gpl-2.0-faq.es-en.html,v
retrieving revision 1.29
retrieving revision 1.30
diff -u -b -r1.29 -r1.30
--- licenses/old-licenses/po/gpl-2.0-faq.es-en.html 8 Dec 2020 22:59:57
-0000 1.29
+++ licenses/old-licenses/po/gpl-2.0-faq.es-en.html 30 Dec 2021 10:33:41
-0000 1.30
@@ -1,12 +1,26 @@
<!--#include virtual="/server/header.html" -->
-<!-- Parent-Version: 1.86 -->
+<!-- Parent-Version: 1.96 -->
+<!-- This page is derived from /server/standards/boilerplate.html -->
<title>Frequently Asked Questions about the GNU GPL v2.0
- GNU Project - Free Software Foundation</title>
+<style type="text/css" media="screen"><!--
+ul .emph-box { padding-top: .7em; }
+#template-diagram {
+ width: 37.5em; max-width: 100%;
+ margin: auto;
+}
+#template-diagram img { width: 100%; }
+.note#fsf-licensing {
+ float: none;
+ width: 47em; max-width: 93%;
+ margin: 1.5em auto 3em;
+}
+--></style>
<!--#include virtual="/licenses/old-licenses/po/gpl-2.0-faq.translist" -->
<!--#include virtual="/server/banner.html" -->
-<h2>Frequently Asked Questions about version 2 of the GNU GPL</h2>
-<!--#include virtual="/licenses/fsf-licensing.html" -->
+<h2 class="c">Frequently Asked Questions about version 2 of the GNU GPL</h2>
+<div class="comment">
<p>
This page contains answers to commonly asked questions about the GNU General
Public License (GPL), version 2. The FAQ for the current version of the GPL is
@@ -18,12 +32,43 @@
After you read this FAQ, <a href="/cgi-bin/license-quiz.cgi">you can
test your knowledge of Free Software licensing with our quiz</a>.
</p>
+</div>
<!-- Replace this list with the page's contents. -->
-<h3 style="clear: both; padding: .3em 0; border-bottom: 1px solid #999">
-Table of Contents</h3>
+<div class="toc">
+<h3 class="no-display">Table of Contents</h3><!--#set var='CLOSE'
value='</b></a>' -->
+<ul>
+ <li><!--#set var='ANCHOR' value='<a href="#basics"><b>' --><!--#echo
+encoding='none' var='ANCHOR' --><span class="gnun-split"></span>Basic
questions about the GPL,
+the GNU Project, and the Free Software Foundation<span
class="gnun-split"></span><!--#echo
+encoding='none' var='CLOSE' --></li>
+ <li><!--#set var='ANCHOR' value='<a href="#understanding"><b>' --><!--#echo
+encoding='none' var='ANCHOR' --><span class="gnun-split"></span>General
understanding of the
+GPL<span class="gnun-split"></span><!--#echo
+encoding='none' var='CLOSE' --></li>
+ <li><!--#set var='ANCHOR' value='<a href="#licensing"><b>' --><!--#echo
+encoding='none' var='ANCHOR' --><span class="gnun-split"></span>Using the GPL
for your
+programs<span class="gnun-split"></span><!--#echo encoding='none' var='CLOSE'
--></li>
+ <li><!--#set var='ANCHOR' value='<a href="#distributing"><b>' --><!--#echo
+encoding='none' var='ANCHOR' --><span class="gnun-split"></span>Distribution
of programs released
+under the GPL<span class="gnun-split"></span><!--#echo
+encoding='none' var='CLOSE' --></li>
+ <li><!--#set var='ANCHOR' value='<a href="#using-programs"><b>' --><!--#echo
+encoding='none' var='ANCHOR' --><span class="gnun-split"></span>Using programs
released under
+the GPL when writing other programs<span class="gnun-split"></span><!--#echo
+encoding='none' var='CLOSE' --></li>
+ <li><!--#set var='ANCHOR' value='<a href="#combining"><b>' --><!--#echo
+encoding='none' var='ANCHOR' --><span class="gnun-split"></span>Combining work
with code
+released under the GPL<span class="gnun-split"></span><!--#echo
+encoding='none' var='CLOSE' --></li>
+ <li><!--#set var='ANCHOR' value='<a href="#violations"><b>' --><!--#echo
+encoding='none' var='ANCHOR' --><span class="gnun-split"></span>Questions
about violations of the
+GPL<span class="gnun-split"></span><!--#echo
+encoding='none' var='CLOSE' --></li>
+</ul>
+<hr class="thin" />
- <h4>Basic questions about the GPL, the GNU Project, and the Free
+ <h4 id="basics">Basic questions about the GPL, the GNU Project, and the Free
Software Foundation</h4>
<ul>
@@ -65,7 +110,7 @@
</ul>
- <h4>General understanding of the GPL</h4>
+ <h4 id="understanding">General understanding of the GPL</h4>
<ul>
<li><a href="#WhyDoesTheGPLPermitUsersToPublishTheirModifiedVersions"
@@ -158,7 +203,7 @@
</ul>
- <h4>Using the GPL for your programs</h4>
+ <h4 id="licensing">Using the GPL for your programs</h4>
<ul>
@@ -213,7 +258,7 @@
a program under the GPL which I developed using nonfree tools?</a></li>
</ul>
- <h4>Distribution of programs released under the GPL</h4>
+ <h4 id="distributing">Distribution of programs released under the GPL</h4>
<ul>
@@ -298,7 +343,7 @@
</ul>
- <h4>Using programs released under the GPL when writing other
+ <h4 id="using-programs">Using programs released under the GPL when writing
other
programs</h4>
<ul>
@@ -325,7 +370,7 @@
</ul>
- <h4>Combining work with code released under the GPL</h4>
+ <h4 id="combining">Combining work with code released under the GPL</h4>
<ul>
@@ -445,7 +490,7 @@
</ul>
- <h4>Questions about violations of the GPL</h4>
+ <h4 id="violations">Questions about violations of the GPL</h4>
<ul>
@@ -470,9 +515,11 @@
</ul>
-<hr />
+<hr class="no-display" />
+</div>
+<!--#include virtual="/licenses/fsf-licensing.html" -->
-<dl>
+<dl class="article reduced-width">
<dt><b><a href="#TOCWhatDoesGPLStandFor"
id="WhatDoesGPLStandFor">What does “GPL” stand
@@ -909,7 +956,7 @@
<dd>
If the libraries that you link with fall within the following exception
in the GPL:
-<blockquote><p>
+<blockquote class="emph-box"><p>
However, as a special exception, the source code distributed need not
include anything that is normally distributed (in either source or
binary form) with the major components (compiler, kernel, and so on) of
@@ -929,7 +976,7 @@
GPL. This copyright notice and license notice give permission to link
with the program FOO:</p>
-<blockquote><p>
+<blockquote class="emph-box"><p>
Copyright (C) yyyy <name of copyright holder>
</p><p>
This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify
@@ -1298,7 +1345,7 @@
Because it imposes a specific requirement that is not in the GPL;
namely, the requirement on advertisements of the program. The GPL
states:
-<blockquote><p>
+<blockquote class="emph-box"><p>
You may not impose any further restrictions on the recipients' exercise
of the rights granted herein.
</p></blockquote>
@@ -1422,7 +1469,7 @@
Add this text to the license notice of each file in the package, at
the end of the text that says the file is distributed under the GNU
GPL:
-<blockquote>
+<blockquote class="emph-box">
<p>
Linking ABC statically or dynamically with other modules is making
a combined work based on ABC. Thus, the terms and conditions of
@@ -2140,7 +2187,7 @@
file in the package (to the extent possible), at the end of the text
that says the file is distributed under the GNU GPL:</p>
-<blockquote><p>
+<blockquote class="emph-box"><p>
As a special exception, if you create a document which uses
this font, and embed this font or unaltered portions of this font into
the document, this font does not by itself cause the resulting
@@ -2178,11 +2225,14 @@
(usually under incompatible terms). </p>
<!-- GNUN: localize URL /licenses/template-diagram.png -->
-<p><a href="/licenses/template-diagram.png"><img
src="/licenses/template-diagram.png" alt="A diagram of the above content"
/></a></p>
+<p id="template-diagram"><a href="/licenses/template-diagram.png">
+<img src="/licenses/template-diagram.png"
+ alt="A diagram of the above content"/></a></p>
<p>Here's an exception for Javascript code that does this:</p>
-<blockquote><p>As a special exception to GPL, any HTML file which merely makes
+<blockquote class="emph-box"><p>
+As a special exception to GPL, any HTML file which merely makes
function calls to this code, and for that purpose includes it by
reference shall be deemed a separate work for copyright law purposes.
In addition, the copyright holders of this code give you permission to
@@ -2256,7 +2306,7 @@
<p>
An unapproved translation has no legal force, and it should say so
explicitly. It should be marked as follows:</p>
-<blockquote><p>
+<blockquote class="emph-box"><p>
This translation of the GPL is informal, and not officially approved
by the Free Software Foundation as valid. To be completely sure of
what is permitted, refer to the original GPL (in English).
@@ -2469,7 +2519,7 @@
</dl>
</div><!-- for id="content", starts in the include above -->
<!--#include virtual="/server/footer.html" -->
-<div id="footer">
+<div id="footer" role="contentinfo">
<div class="unprintable">
<p>Please send general FSF & GNU inquiries to <a
@@ -2487,16 +2537,17 @@
to <a href="mailto:web-translators@gnu.org";>
<web-translators@gnu.org></a>.</p>
- <p>For information on coordinating and submitting translations of
+ <p>For information on coordinating and contributing translations of
our web pages, see <a
href="/server/standards/README.translations.html">Translations
README</a>. -->
Please see the <a
href="/server/standards/README.translations.html">Translations README</a> for
-information on coordinating and submitting translations of this article.</p>
+information on coordinating and contributing translations of this article.</p>
</div>
-<p>Copyright © 2001, 2006, 2007, 2008, 2014, 2015, 2017, 2018, 2019, 2020
Free Software Foundation, Inc.</p>
+<p>Copyright © 2001-2007, 2009, 2011, 2014, 2015, 2017, 2019, 2021 Free
+Software Foundation, Inc.</p>
<p>This page is licensed under a <a rel="license"
href="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nd/4.0/";>Creative
@@ -2506,7 +2557,7 @@
<p class="unprintable">Updated:
<!-- timestamp start -->
-$Date: 2020/12/08 22:59:57 $
+$Date: 2021/12/30 10:33:41 $
<!-- timestamp end -->
</p>
</div>
Index: licenses/old-licenses/po/gpl-2.0-faq.es.po
===================================================================
RCS file: /web/www/www/licenses/old-licenses/po/gpl-2.0-faq.es.po,v
retrieving revision 1.59
retrieving revision 1.60
diff -u -b -r1.59 -r1.60
--- licenses/old-licenses/po/gpl-2.0-faq.es.po 30 Dec 2021 09:58:11 -0000
1.59
+++ licenses/old-licenses/po/gpl-2.0-faq.es.po 30 Dec 2021 10:33:42 -0000
1.60
@@ -231,10 +231,10 @@
"mean? Does that mean everyone in the world can get the source to any GPL'ed "
"program no matter what?</a>"
msgstr ""
-"<a href=\"#WhatDoesWrittenOfferValid\" id=\"TOCWhatDoesWrittenOfferValid"
-"\">¿Qué significa eso de «oferta escrita válida para cualquier tercera "
-"parte»? ¿Significa que cualquier persona puede obtener el código fuente de
"
-"cualquier programa publicado bajo la GPL, incondicionalmente?</a>"
+"<a href=\"#WhatDoesWrittenOfferValid\" id=\"TOCWhatDoesWrittenOfferValid\">"
+"¿Qué significa eso de «oferta escrita válida para cualquier tercera
parte»? "
+"¿Significa que cualquier persona puede obtener el código fuente de
cualquier "
+"programa publicado bajo la GPL, incondicionalmente?</a>"
#. type: Content of: <div><ul><li>
msgid ""
@@ -261,9 +261,9 @@
"\"> Does the GPL allow me to charge a fee for downloading the program from "
"my distribution site?</a>"
msgstr ""
-"<a href=\"#DoesTheGPLAllowDownloadFee\" id=\"TOCDoesTheGPLAllowDownloadFee"
-"\">¿Me permite la GPL cobrar por bajar el programa del sitio de mi "
-"distribución?</a>"
+"<a href=\"#DoesTheGPLAllowDownloadFee\" id=\"TOCDoesTheGPLAllowDownloadFee\">"
+"¿Me permite la GPL cobrar por bajar el programa del sitio de mi
distribución?"
+"</a>"
#. type: Content of: <div><ul><li>
msgid ""
@@ -271,9 +271,9 @@
"Does the GPL allow me to require that anyone who receives the software must "
"pay me a fee and/or notify me?</a>"
msgstr ""
-"<a href=\"#DoesTheGPLAllowRequireFee\" id=\"TOCDoesTheGPLAllowRequireFee"
-"\">¿Me autoriza la GPL a exigir que cualquiera que reciba el software haya "
-"de abonarme alguna cantidad o notificármelo?</a>"
+"<a href=\"#DoesTheGPLAllowRequireFee\" id=\"TOCDoesTheGPLAllowRequireFee\">"
+"¿Me autoriza la GPL a exigir que cualquiera que reciba el software haya de "
+"abonarme alguna cantidad o notificármelo?</a>"
#. type: Content of: <div><ul><li>
msgid ""
@@ -1439,8 +1439,8 @@
"\">Am I required to claim a copyright on my modifications to a GPL-covered "
"program?</a></b>"
msgstr ""
-"<b><a href=\"#TOCRequiredToClaimCopyright\" id=\"RequiredToClaimCopyright"
-"\">¿Es preciso que reclame el copyright de mis modificaciones de un programa
"
+"<b><a href=\"#TOCRequiredToClaimCopyright\" id=\"RequiredToClaimCopyright\">"
+"¿Es preciso que reclame el copyright de mis modificaciones de un programa "
"cubierto por la GPL?</a></b>"
#. type: Content of: <dl><dd>
@@ -2655,8 +2655,8 @@
"tanto, los términos de la GPL se aplican a la combinación entera. Los "
"módulos de software que enlazan con la biblioteca pueden estar bajo diversas
"
"licencias compatibles con la GPL, pero la obra en su conjunto debe estar "
-"licenciada bajo la GPL. Consulte también: <a href=\"#WhatDoesCompatMean"
-"\">¿Qué significa que una licencia es «compatible con la GPL»?</a>"
+"licenciada bajo la GPL. Consulte también: <a href=\"#WhatDoesCompatMean\">"
+"¿Qué significa que una licencia es «compatible con la GPL»?</a>"
#. type: Content of: <dl><dt>
msgid ""
@@ -2807,8 +2807,8 @@
"the rights granted herein."
msgstr ""
"<cite>You may not impose any further restrictions on the recipients' "
-"exercise of the rights granted herein.</cite><a href="
-"\"#TransNote6\"><sup>[6]</sup></a>."
+"exercise of the rights granted herein.</cite><a href=\"#TransNote6\"><sup>[6]"
+"</sup></a>."
#. type: Content of: <dl><dd><p>
msgid ""
@@ -5282,13 +5282,7 @@
"\">GuÃa para las traducciones</a> para obtener información sobre la "
"coordinación y el envÃo de traducciones de las páginas de este sitio web."
-# | Copyright © [-2001, 2006, 2007, 2008,-] {+2001-2007, 2009, 2011,+}
-# | 2014, 2015, 2017, [-2018,-] 2019, 202[-0-]{+1+} Free Software Foundation,
-# | Inc.
#. type: Content of: <div><p>
-#| msgid ""
-#| "Copyright © 2001, 2006, 2007, 2008, 2014, 2015, 2017, 2018, 2019, "
-#| "2020 Free Software Foundation, Inc."
msgid ""
"Copyright © 2001-2007, 2009, 2011, 2014, 2015, 2017, 2019, 2021 Free "
"Software Foundation, Inc."
Index: philosophy/po/fs-and-sustainable-development.pt-br.po
===================================================================
RCS file: /web/www/www/philosophy/po/fs-and-sustainable-development.pt-br.po,v
retrieving revision 1.1
retrieving revision 1.2
diff -u -b -r1.1 -r1.2
--- philosophy/po/fs-and-sustainable-development.pt-br.po 30 Dec 2021
10:03:01 -0000 1.1
+++ philosophy/po/fs-and-sustainable-development.pt-br.po 30 Dec 2021
10:33:42 -0000 1.2
@@ -30,7 +30,6 @@
msgstr "Software livre e desenvolvimento sustentável"
#. type: Content of: <div><address>
-#| msgid "by <strong>Richard Stallman</strong>"
msgid "by Richard Stallman"
msgstr "por Richard Stallman"
@@ -168,11 +167,10 @@
"favor, envie seus comentários e sugestões em geral sobre as traduções
para "
"<a href=\"mailto:web-translators@gnu.org\";><web-translators@gnu.org></"
"a>. </p><p>Consulte o <a href=\"/server/standards/README.translations.html"
-"\">Guia para as traduções</a> para mais informações sobre a coordenação
e o "
-"envio de traduções das páginas deste site."
+"\">Guia para as traduções</a> para mais informações sobre a coordenação
e a "
+"contribuição com traduções das páginas deste site."
#. type: Content of: <div><p>
-#| msgid "Copyright © 2005, 2017, 2018, 2019 Richard Stallman"
msgid "Copyright © 2005, 2021 Richard Stallman"
msgstr "Copyright © 2005, 2021 Richard Stallman"
Index: philosophy/po/fs-and-sustainable-development.translist
===================================================================
RCS file: /web/www/www/philosophy/po/fs-and-sustainable-development.translist,v
retrieving revision 1.4
retrieving revision 1.5
diff -u -b -r1.4 -r1.5
--- philosophy/po/fs-and-sustainable-development.translist 15 Mar 2020
18:34:45 -0000 1.4
+++ philosophy/po/fs-and-sustainable-development.translist 30 Dec 2021
10:33:42 -0000 1.5
@@ -4,11 +4,13 @@
<p>
<span dir="ltr" class="original">[en] <a lang="en" hreflang="en"
href="/philosophy/fs-and-sustainable-development.en.html">English</a>
</span>
<span dir="ltr">[fr] <a lang="fr" hreflang="fr"
href="/philosophy/fs-and-sustainable-development.fr.html">français</a>
</span>
+<span dir="ltr">[pt-br] <a lang="pt-br" hreflang="pt-br"
href="/philosophy/fs-and-sustainable-development.pt-br.html">português</a>
</span>
<span dir="ltr">[ru] <a lang="ru" hreflang="ru"
href="/philosophy/fs-and-sustainable-development.ru.html">ÑÑÑÑкий</a>
</span>
</p>
</div>' -->
<link rel="alternate" type="text/html"
href="/philosophy/fs-and-sustainable-development.html" hreflang="x-default" />
<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" lang="en" hreflang="en"
href="/philosophy/fs-and-sustainable-development.en.html" title="English" />
<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" lang="fr" hreflang="fr"
href="/philosophy/fs-and-sustainable-development.fr.html" title="français" />
+<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" lang="pt-br" hreflang="pt-br"
href="/philosophy/fs-and-sustainable-development.pt-br.html" title="português"
/>
<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" lang="ru" hreflang="ru"
href="/philosophy/fs-and-sustainable-development.ru.html"
title="ÑÑÑÑкий" />
<!-- end translist file -->
Index: philosophy/po/using-gfdl.pt-br.po
===================================================================
RCS file: /web/www/www/philosophy/po/using-gfdl.pt-br.po,v
retrieving revision 1.1
retrieving revision 1.2
diff -u -b -r1.1 -r1.2
Index: philosophy/po/using-gfdl.translist
===================================================================
RCS file: /web/www/www/philosophy/po/using-gfdl.translist,v
retrieving revision 1.14
retrieving revision 1.15
diff -u -b -r1.14 -r1.15
--- philosophy/po/using-gfdl.translist 15 Mar 2020 18:34:47 -0000 1.14
+++ philosophy/po/using-gfdl.translist 30 Dec 2021 10:33:43 -0000 1.15
@@ -12,6 +12,7 @@
<span dir="ltr">[ko] <a lang="ko" hreflang="ko"
href="/philosophy/using-gfdl.ko.html">íêµì´</a> </span>
<span dir="ltr">[nl] <a lang="nl" hreflang="nl"
href="/philosophy/using-gfdl.nl.html">Nederlands</a> </span>
<span dir="ltr">[pl] <a lang="pl" hreflang="pl"
href="/philosophy/using-gfdl.pl.html">polski</a> </span>
+<span dir="ltr">[pt-br] <a lang="pt-br" hreflang="pt-br"
href="/philosophy/using-gfdl.pt-br.html">português</a> </span>
<span dir="ltr">[ru] <a lang="ru" hreflang="ru"
href="/philosophy/using-gfdl.ru.html">ÑÑÑÑкий</a> </span>
<span dir="ltr">[zh-cn] <a lang="zh-cn" hreflang="zh-cn"
href="/philosophy/using-gfdl.zh-cn.html">ç®ä½ä¸æ</a> </span>
<span dir="ltr">[zh-tw] <a lang="zh-tw" hreflang="zh-tw"
href="/philosophy/using-gfdl.zh-tw.html">ç¹é«ä¸æ</a> </span>
@@ -28,6 +29,7 @@
<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" lang="ko" hreflang="ko"
href="/philosophy/using-gfdl.ko.html" title="íêµì´" />
<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" lang="nl" hreflang="nl"
href="/philosophy/using-gfdl.nl.html" title="Nederlands" />
<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" lang="pl" hreflang="pl"
href="/philosophy/using-gfdl.pl.html" title="polski" />
+<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" lang="pt-br" hreflang="pt-br"
href="/philosophy/using-gfdl.pt-br.html" title="português" />
<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" lang="ru" hreflang="ru"
href="/philosophy/using-gfdl.ru.html" title="ÑÑÑÑкий" />
<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" lang="zh-cn" hreflang="zh-cn"
href="/philosophy/using-gfdl.zh-cn.html" title="ç®ä½ä¸æ" />
<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" lang="zh-tw" hreflang="zh-tw"
href="/philosophy/using-gfdl.zh-tw.html" title="ç¹é«ä¸æ" />
Index: philosophy/po/wwworst-app-store.translist
===================================================================
RCS file: /web/www/www/philosophy/po/wwworst-app-store.translist,v
retrieving revision 1.3
retrieving revision 1.4
diff -u -b -r1.3 -r1.4
--- philosophy/po/wwworst-app-store.translist 6 Dec 2021 12:33:31 -0000
1.3
+++ philosophy/po/wwworst-app-store.translist 30 Dec 2021 10:33:43 -0000
1.4
@@ -4,11 +4,13 @@
<p>
<span dir="ltr" class="original">[en] <a lang="en" hreflang="en"
href="/philosophy/wwworst-app-store.en.html">English</a> </span>
<span dir="ltr">[fr] <a lang="fr" hreflang="fr"
href="/philosophy/wwworst-app-store.fr.html">français</a> </span>
+<span dir="ltr">[pt-br] <a lang="pt-br" hreflang="pt-br"
href="/philosophy/wwworst-app-store.pt-br.html">português</a> </span>
<span dir="ltr">[ru] <a lang="ru" hreflang="ru"
href="/philosophy/wwworst-app-store.ru.html">ÑÑÑÑкий</a> </span>
</p>
</div>' -->
<link rel="alternate" type="text/html"
href="/philosophy/wwworst-app-store.html" hreflang="x-default" />
<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" lang="en" hreflang="en"
href="/philosophy/wwworst-app-store.en.html" title="English" />
<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" lang="fr" hreflang="fr"
href="/philosophy/wwworst-app-store.fr.html" title="français" />
+<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" lang="pt-br" hreflang="pt-br"
href="/philosophy/wwworst-app-store.pt-br.html" title="português" />
<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" lang="ru" hreflang="ru"
href="/philosophy/wwworst-app-store.ru.html" title="ÑÑÑÑкий" />
<!-- end translist file -->
Index: testimonials/po/reliable.pt-br.po
===================================================================
RCS file: /web/www/www/testimonials/po/reliable.pt-br.po,v
retrieving revision 1.1
retrieving revision 1.2
diff -u -b -r1.1 -r1.2
--- testimonials/po/reliable.pt-br.po 30 Dec 2021 10:11:14 -0000 1.1
+++ testimonials/po/reliable.pt-br.po 30 Dec 2021 10:33:44 -0000 1.2
@@ -44,9 +44,9 @@
"Studio”) and was met by constant crashes of not only his program, but "
"in fact the debugger and his entire computer. In frustration he asked me to "
"load the code into gdb (the GNU debugger). I had never used floating point "
-"exceptions before, but I easily determined how to enable them on my "
-"[GNU/]Linux system, and gdb gracefully caught the SIGFPE [exception] moments "
-"later.”"
+"exceptions before, but I easily determined how to enable them on my [GNU/]"
+"Linux system, and gdb gracefully caught the SIGFPE [exception] moments later."
+"”"
msgstr ""
"âQuando meus colegas de trabalho não conseguem que suas ferramentas "
"privativas façam o trabalho de que precisam, eles frequentemente me "
Index: testimonials/po/reliable.translist
===================================================================
RCS file: /web/www/www/testimonials/po/reliable.translist,v
retrieving revision 1.8
retrieving revision 1.9
diff -u -b -r1.8 -r1.9
--- testimonials/po/reliable.translist 15 Mar 2020 18:34:49 -0000 1.8
+++ testimonials/po/reliable.translist 30 Dec 2021 10:33:44 -0000 1.9
@@ -6,6 +6,7 @@
<span dir="ltr">[cs] <a lang="cs" hreflang="cs"
href="/testimonials/reliable.cs.html">ÄeÅ¡tina</a> </span>
<span dir="ltr">[id] <a lang="id" hreflang="id"
href="/testimonials/reliable.id.html">Indonesia</a> </span>
<span dir="ltr">[pl] <a lang="pl" hreflang="pl"
href="/testimonials/reliable.pl.html">polski</a> </span>
+<span dir="ltr">[pt-br] <a lang="pt-br" hreflang="pt-br"
href="/testimonials/reliable.pt-br.html">português</a> </span>
</p>
</div>' -->
<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="/testimonials/reliable.html"
hreflang="x-default" />
@@ -13,4 +14,5 @@
<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" lang="cs" hreflang="cs"
href="/testimonials/reliable.cs.html" title="ÄeÅ¡tina" />
<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" lang="id" hreflang="id"
href="/testimonials/reliable.id.html" title="Indonesia" />
<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" lang="pl" hreflang="pl"
href="/testimonials/reliable.pl.html" title="polski" />
+<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" lang="pt-br" hreflang="pt-br"
href="/testimonials/reliable.pt-br.html" title="português" />
<!-- end translist file -->
Index:
education/how-i-fought-to-graduate-without-using-non-free-software.pt-br.html
===================================================================
RCS file:
education/how-i-fought-to-graduate-without-using-non-free-software.pt-br.html
diff -N
education/how-i-fought-to-graduate-without-using-non-free-software.pt-br.html
--- /dev/null 1 Jan 1970 00:00:00 -0000
+++
education/how-i-fought-to-graduate-without-using-non-free-software.pt-br.html
30 Dec 2021 10:33:40 -0000 1.1
@@ -0,0 +1,421 @@
+<!--#set var="ENGLISH_PAGE"
value="/education/how-i-fought-to-graduate-without-using-non-free-software.en.html"
-->
+
+<!--#include virtual="/server/header.pt-br.html" -->
+<!-- Parent-Version: 1.96 -->
+<!-- This page is derived from /server/standards/boilerplate.html -->
+<!--#set var="DISABLE_TOP_ADDENDUM" value="yes" -->
+
+<!-- This file is automatically generated by GNUnited Nations! -->
+<title>Como eu lutei para me graduar sem usar software não livre - Projeto
GNU -
+Free Software Foundation</title>
+<link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="/side-menu.css" media="screen" />
+
+<!--#include
virtual="/education/po/how-i-fought-to-graduate-without-using-non-free-software.translist"
-->
+<!--#include virtual="/server/banner.pt-br.html" -->
+<div class="nav">
+<a id="side-menu-button" class="switch" href="#navlinks">
+ <img id="side-menu-icon" height="25" width="31"
+ src="/graphics/icons/side-menu.png"
+ title="Conteúdo de educação"
+ alt=" [Conteúdo de educação] " />
+</a>
+
+<p class="breadcrumb">
+ <a href="/"><img src="/graphics/icons/home.png" height="26" width="26"
+ alt="Página inicial do GNU" title="Página inicial do GNU" /></a> /
<a href="/education/education.html">Educação</a> / <a
+href="/education/resisting-proprietary-software.html">Resistência</a> /
+<a
+href="/education/successful-resistance-against-nonfree-software.html">Resistência
+bem-sucedida</a> /</p>
+</div>
+
+<!--GNUN: OUT-OF-DATE NOTICE-->
+<!--#include virtual="/server/top-addendum.pt-br.html" -->
+<div style="clear: both"></div>
+<div id="last-div" class="article reduced-width">
+
+<h2>Como eu lutei para me graduar sem usar software não livre</h2>
+
+<address class="byline">por Wojciech Kosior <a href="#thanks"
id="thanks-rev"><sup>[1]</sup></a></address>
+
+<p>Como estudante universitário, lutei durante a pandemia como todo
+mundo. Muitos morreram em suas famÃlias ou perderam seus empregos. Enquanto
+estudante de informática na Universidade de Ciência e Tecnologia AGH em
+Cracóvia, Polônia, tenho travado outra batalha, aparentemente menos
+importante, mas que sinto apaixonadamente ser vital para nossas liberdades
+futuras. Descrevo minha luta a seguir, de forma a encorajar e inspirar
+outras pessoas.</p>
+
+<h3>Plataformas antiéticas</h3>
+
+<p>A liberdade do software é uma questão enorme, mas oculta em nosso tempo.
As
+tecnologias de comunicação digital, como a videoconferência, ocuparam o
+centro das atenções em nossas vidas e, para muitos, seu uso foi um
+salvador. Eles não percebem o perigo oculto em seu funcionamento: quem
+controla essa tecnologia controla nossas vidas. Recentemente, vimos o poder
+da Big Tech para subverter a democracia, controlar o discurso, excluir
+grupos e invadir nossa privacidade.</p>
+
+<p>Liberdade de software é uma luta para devolver o controle à s pessoas. Ã
uma
+luta contra o software ânão livreâ, também chamado de <em>software
+privativo</em>, que impõe danos injustos e invasivos a seus usuários. Em
+busca de nossa missão libertadora, defensores da liberdade do software como
+eu insistem em usar software <em>livre</em>.</p>
+
+<p>à especialmente importante divulgar esses ideais às novas
+gerações. Infelizmente, muitas vezes vemos a tendência oposta. O sistema
+operacional padrão encontrado na maioria das salas de aula de informática do
+meu paÃs é privativo do Microsoft Windows, com algumas universidades até
+mesmo fornecendo licenças aos alunos para ele. Em algum ponto, percebi que
+essa prática realmente só beneficia o fornecedor do sistema operacional
+privativo. Da mesma forma aterrorizante é o nÃvel de dependência da
+organização de curso das soluções não livres Planilhas Google e
Formulários
+Google.</p>
+
+<p>Durante a pandemia, vimos instalações educacionais adotarem rapidamente
+ferramentas privativas, como Microsoft Teams, Zoom e WhatsApp, pressionadas
+pela rede que elas geram. Escolas e universidades então tentaram impô-las
+aos alunos, que posteriormente sofreram a perda de liberdade de usar
+programas que os usuários não controlam, bem como a falta de segurança e
+violações de privacidade.</p>
+
+<p>Como me recuso a usar software antiético, a confiança total em plataformas
+privativas criou um conflito ético. Meu objetivo é concluir meu diploma
+universitário sem me render aos serviços não livres impostos, convencendo
+meus professores<a href="#teachers" id="teachers-rev"><sup>[2]</sup></a>
+para me permitir usar apenas substituições de software livre para
+aplicativos privativos. Não esperava vencer uma luta contra tanto poder, mas
+agora, por meio de uma ação educada, mas firme, acho que posso ter
+vencido. Espero que esta história o ajude a resistir também.</p>
+
+<h3>Estudo ético</h3>
+
+<p>Com o tempo, fiquei cada vez mais determinado a evitar softwares não
+livres. Entre outros desafios, isso significou obter um ThinkPad com
+inicialização com Libreboot e mudar para distros GNU/Linux que incluem
+apenas pacotes livres. Alguém pode perguntar:</p>
+
+<blockquote>
+<p>Que tal estudos? Você não era obrigado a usar o Windows? Ou MS Office? Ou
+alguma outra ferramenta privativa?</p>
+</blockquote>
+
+<p>Na verdade, a maioria das tarefas em sala de aula poderia ser concluÃda com
+software livre. Hoje temos o luxo de excelentes sistemas operacionais e
+ferramentas livres para a maioria das tarefas. As linguagens de programação
+mais populares têm implementações de software livre. Nas poucas ocasiões em
+que alguma ferramenta não livre era estritamente necessária, consegui
+convencer o professor a me deixar fazer uma substituição â por exemplo,
para
+completar os exercÃcios com um banco de dados PostgreSQL em vez de Oracle â
+ou fazer a tarefa em uma universidade computador no laboratório. Admito que
+executar um software não livre em um computador diferente do nosso não
+resolve totalmente o problema ético. Parecia justo, mas não é algo de que me
+orgulho.</p>
+
+<p>Também levo a questão do JavaScript (js) no navegador mais a sério
agora. O
+js web é executado em uma área restrita isolada, o que leva muitos a
+acreditar que é aceitável, embora não seja livre. O isolamento pode de fato
+resolver os problemas de segurança, mas o verdadeiro problema com programas
+privativos está em outro lugar, em sua negação de permitir que os usuários
+tenham o controle. Atualmente, manter a liberdade de software no campo da
+navegação na web não é fácil. Os sites frequentemente apresentam mau
+funcionamento quando o js é desabilitado. Tive que pedir a colegas que me
+ajudassem a inserir dados relacionados ao estudo em uma Planilha Google
+porque não poderia fazer isso sem o js ativado. Além disso, o código js é
+usado para implementar a impressão digital do navegador, que é usada para
+rastrear os usuários.</p>
+
+<h3>Persuasão gentil</h3>
+
+<p>Sem problemas graves, concluà o quinto semestre dos meus estudos. No
inÃcio
+do sexto semestre, a pandemia começou. As universidades fecharam suas
+instalações fÃsicas, então a maioria dos alunos voltou para casa e os
+professores começaram a organizar aulas remotas. Sem surpresa, todos eles
+escolheram plataformas privativas. Cisco Webex, Microsoft Teams,
+ClickMeeting e Skype eram escolhas populares. Não consegui encontrar um
+cliente de software livre para nenhum desses. Além disso, sem perceber o
+problema dos js não livres, os professores esperavam que todos pudessem
+participar facilmente das sessões de vÃdeo usando qualquer interface web.</p>
+
+<p>Como lidei com esses requisitos? Eu ia <em>muito</em> educadamente enviar um
+e-mail a cada professor que anunciasse que algo seria feito usando uma
+plataforma problemática, explicando a falta de um cliente de software livre
+adequado. Muitas vezes incluà um link para uma explicação online popular das
+questões de liberdade de software e universidades, o vÃdeo âHeróis
+Fantasiadosâ criado pela Free Software Foundation (FSF), junto com alguns
+outros links para programas livres de videoconferência como Jami e Jitsi
+Meet.</p>
+
+<p>Embora haja muitos problemas de segurança e vigilância documentados nessas
+plataformas centralizadas, expliquei que, para mim, a liberdade do software
+era o fator preocupante. Respostas me pedindo para âexecutar o programa em
+uma máquina virtualâ ou dizendo que ânão preciso do código-fonte para
usar o
+serviçoâ deixou claro que alguns dos meus professores não entendiam, ou
+entendiam apenas parte das questões. Se eu tivesse estudado outra coisa que
+não informática, suspeito que a fração daqueles que entenderam o problema
+seria muito menor.</p>
+
+<h3>Perdendo</h3>
+
+<p>Havia duas áreas distintas de preocupação. A primeira foi com o acesso e
+participação no material didático; por exemplo, em uma aula de aprendizado
+de máquina, encontrei alguém para me transmitir o que o professor havia
+dito. A segunda foi em torno do registro e da avaliação. Para algumas aulas
+remotas, a presença não foi verificada. Eu pulei aqueles. Enviar meu dever
+de casa para o Moodle também não trouxe problemas.</p>
+
+<p>O primeiro problema real surgiu com o curso de Inteligência Artificial
+(IA). Foi ensinado por rotação. O primeiro professor deu lição de casa
+exigindo o aplicativo privativo Framsticks, mas me permitiu fazer um
+exercÃcio de redes neurais. Outro professor concordou que eu poderia usar
+Webots em vez de Choreographe para um exercÃcio de simulação. Ainda outro
+pediu que concluÃssemos um curso on-line da NVIDIA que exigia js não
+livres. Esse professor não respondeu ao meu e-mail.</p>
+
+<p>Um dever de casa de Sistemas DistribuÃdos deveria ser enviado via Webex,
mas
+seu professor concordou em me deixar usar o Jami.</p>
+
+<h3>Incerteza e dúvida</h3>
+
+<p>Outra questão que surgiu foi a crescente incerteza na ausência de uma
+polÃtica clara. Não saber se a universidade reconheceria meus princÃpios era
+uma causa de constante estresse. Apesar da minha pequena vitória inicial,
+outros cursos rotativos significavam que mais três professores precisariam
+concordar cada um se eu fosse aprovado, então até junho eu não tinha certeza
+de que teria sucesso. Em março, as aulas de Programação do Sistema
+começaram. O professor, que não queria perder tempo conectando-se a uma
+plataforma livre para avaliar meu dever de casa, me deu pouca esperança,
+então, novamente, eu viveria na incerteza durante a Páscoa e depois.</p>
+
+<p>Eu acredito que cada classe deve <em>no mÃnimo</em> ter formas de
+interoperar com ferramentas livre para que os alunos possam pelo menos ler
+as tarefas das aulas em plataformas livres e fazer upload de suas respostas
+a partir delas. A menos que as universidades ofereçam interoperabilidade, a
+dependência de software privativo custa tempo e dores de cabeça aos alunos e
+professores. A certa altura, enviei um e-mail para dois professores sobre o
+uso de plataformas não livres para palestras. Um não respondeu e o outro
+respondeu rudemente. Eles pareciam não entender, mas suspeito que estivessem
+evitando qualquer trabalho extra. Isso teve um impacto corrosivo em meu
+noivado e parei de me preocupar com palestras. Evitar um gerenciador de
+pacotes especÃfico de um idioma que me colocava em risco por questões de
+segurança e liberdade me custou um tempo considerável e atrasou meus
+estudos. O tempo é precioso para todos nós.</p>
+
+<h3>Atrito pela liberdade</h3>
+
+<p>Embora estressante, até agora as coisas correram bem. Mas depois da
Páscoa,
+um curso de Engenharia de Software apresentou o primeiro grande
+problema. Este professor primeiro ignorou meus e-mails, mas acabou
+escrevendo uma longa resposta e ameaçou me reprovar se eu perdesse mais uma
+reunião. O tom daquele e-mail mostrou grande aborrecimento, talvez
+raiva. Foi sugerido que eu usasse a ajuda de um colega para participar da
+reunião. Outro colega e eu nos conectamos por meio do Mumble, por meio do
+qual o professor também foi intermediado â não foi perfeito, mas
funcionou!</p>
+
+<p>As questões de liberdade de software, que são éticas, devem ser
separadas de
+outras preocupações às quais os defensores do código aberto frequentemente
+dão prioridade. Por exemplo, os defensores do código aberto evitam trazer
+essas questões importantes de liberdade para a mesa e apenas dizem que o
+software com o código-fonte disponÃvel publicamente irá alcançar maior
+qualidade com a ajuda da comunidade. Enquanto isso, nossos oponentes afirmam
+que o software privativo pode gerar receita maior, permitindo a contratação
+de mais desenvolvedores para trabalhar em seu aprimoramento.</p>
+
+<p>O exame do curso de Compiladores deveria ser conduzido por meio do Microsoft
+Teams. Mais uma vez, seguindo meus princÃpios, pensei que iria
+falhar. Curiosamente, foi o Teams que falhou. Ele não suportava dezenas de
+alunos se conectando, então, em vez disso, o exame foi realizado por
+e-mail. Por outro lado, durante contato com meu orientador de tese em julho,
+Jami se separou durante a reunião. Nenhum software é perfeito. Mas com o
+software livre, você pelo menos consegue manter as duas peças quando ele
+quebrar.</p>
+
+<p>Não são necessariamente os aspectos funcionais do software que criam
atrito
+em torno da falta de liberdade do software. Durante o verão tive que fazer
+um estágio. Desisti de uma oferta paga depois de saber que o empregador
+tornaria meu código não livre. Acabei fazendo outro estágio não
remunerado.</p>
+
+<p>Então, depois de todas as minhas lutas, finalmente passei o semestre de
+verão e até tive notas decentes. O que em algum momento parecia quase
+impossÃvel, agora era uma realidade.</p>
+
+<h3>Soluções privativas impostas em todos os nÃveis</h3>
+
+<p>Antes do semestre de inverno, uma lista de plataformas de videoconferência
+permitidas que cumprem a lei de proteção de dados foi entregue aos
+professores. Continha Microsoft Teams, Cisco Webex, ClickMeeting e Google
+Meet. Você certamente verá a ironia aqui!</p>
+
+<p>Um professor concordou em usar o Jitsi Meet para todas as suas aulas e
+sugeriu que eu pedisse ao conselho estudantil para recomendá-lo ao reitor,
+mas o conselho nunca respondeu aos meus e-mails. Software de alta qualidade
+que oferece melhores recursos de proteção de dados foi deliberadamente posto
+de lado em favor de soluções comerciais não livres no que parece ser um caso
+de captura corporativa corrupta de uma instituição educacional. O software
+livre não foi aprovado e o professor continuou se comunicando com outros
+alunos via Webex.</p>
+
+<h3>EquÃvocos</h3>
+
+<p>Como mencionei antes, apesar de serem cientistas da computação altamente
+qualificados e experientes em informática, muitos acadêmicos demonstraram um
+entendimento geralmente pobre da polÃtica e da ética em torno do
software.</p>
+
+<p>O professor que ministrou o seminário afirmou que, como uma plataforma
livre
+também funciona no servidor de outra pessoa, âela não pode ser mais
+seguraâ. Respondi que o Jitsi Meet permite a criação de instâncias
+independentes, o que elimina a necessidade de contar com uma única
+empresa. Também observei que a falta de clientes livres é o principal
+problema com outros serviços. à uma pena que os professores deste nÃvel, que
+entendem perfeitamente a diferença entre criptografia intermediária e
+criptografia ponta a ponta, ensinem em suas aulas, mas não a pratiquem em
+sua profissão diária.</p>
+
+<p>Em outra ocasião, me opus ao uso de uma VM com Windows para um exercÃcio
de
+teste de penetração. O professor observou que ninguém seria um bom testador
+de penetração se restringido a testar apenas servidores livres. Desisti de
+responder a ele, mas acho que plataformas privativas devem ser consideradas
+inseguras por padrão devido, por exemplo, a possÃveis <em>backdoors</em> que
+elas possam ter.</p>
+
+<h3>Tendo determinação</h3>
+
+<p>Em algum momento, tive uma discussão com meu supervisor, que me deu um
+ultimato de que eu deveria usar o Microsoft Teams. Eu não concordei e ele
+deveria informar o reitor sobre desistir de me supervisionar. Talvez o
+reitor não tenha lido aquele e-mail? Estou apenas adivinhando. De qualquer
+forma, algumas semanas depois, até peguei emprestado alguns eletrônicos do
+meu supervisor â quase como se a discussão nunca tivesse acontecido.</p>
+
+<p>Mais tarde, um professor que não concordou em me deixar passar em um curso
+sem usar o Teams quis me reprovar por minhas âausênciasâ apesar eu ter
+enviado meus trabalhos de casa ao longo do semestre. Depois de uma discussão
+prolongada, me ofereceram a opção de me encontrar online em 8 de
+janeiro... no Teams! Recusei educadamente de novo e reiterei meus pontos de
+vista. O professor acabou copiando o reitor associado em um e-mail. Nesse
+Ãnterim, o prazo para enviar minha tese para uma defesa de janeiro
+expirou. Depois de muitos e-mails de lembrete, uma resposta finalmente veio
+e, por intercessão do reitor, obtive uma nota, passei no meu sétimo semestre
+e defendi minha tese com sucesso em março.</p>
+
+<h3>Conclusões</h3>
+
+<p>Olhando para trás, estou orgulhoso de minhas ações. Corri o risco de ser
+reprovado nos estudos, e acabaria com nota final mais baixa do que se
+tivesse me submetido ao uso de softwares antiéticos e inseguros. Mas estou
+contente com isso. Não acho que render-se a plataformas não livres traria
+quaisquer benefÃcios de longo prazo â apenas mais concessões.</p>
+
+<p>Podemos ver que algumas pessoas são intolerantes aos princÃpios de
liberdade
+de software, mas no final eram poucas e a maioria dos funcionários da
+universidade na AGH foi realmente gentil comigo. Graças a eles, agora tenho
+uma prova de que <em>é possÃvel</em> estudar, graduar-se⦠na verdade, para
+<em>viver</em> sem depender de software privativo. Depois de toda essa
+experiência difÃcil, me sinto mais independente do que nunca e até recebi o
+apreço do conhecido RMS <a href="#rms"
+id="rms-rev"><sup>[3]</sup></a>. Espero que minha história ajude mais alunos
+a chegar onde estou.</p>
+
+<p>A luta para executar apenas programas livres forçou e continua a me
forçar a
+obter novas habilidades. Agora sei o suficiente sobre tecnologias da web
+para fazer vários sites funcionarem sem JavaScript. Mas o que é melhor em
+minha experiência é que poderei compartilhar minhas correções com outras
+pessoas e, eventualmente, tornar um subconjunto da World Wide Web utilizável
+em liberdade.</p>
+
+<div class="infobox">
+<hr />
+<p><a href="#thanks-rev" id="thanks">[1]</a> Obrigado a Andy Farnell, Andy Oram
+e Richard Stallman por sua ajuda.</p>
+
+<p><a href="#teachers-rev" id="teachers">[2]</a> Ao longo deste ensaio,
+refiro-me a todos os professores universitários em lÃngua vernácula como
+meus professores, embora apenas alguns usem esse tÃtulo acadêmico
oficial.</p>
+
+<p><a href="#rms-rev" id="rms">[3]</a> Dr. Richard M. Stallman, Fundador da
+Free Software Foundation e Chefe GNUisance do Projeto GNU.</p>
+</div>
+
+<div class="translators-notes">
+
+<!--TRANSLATORS: Use space (SPC) as msgstr if you don't have notes.-->
+ </div>
+</div>
+
+<!--#include virtual="/education/education-menu.pt-br.html" -->
+<!--#include virtual="/server/footer.pt-br.html" -->
+<div id="footer" role="contentinfo">
+<div class="unprintable">
+
+<p>Envie perguntas em geral sobre a FSF e o GNU para <a
+href="mailto:gnu@gnu.org";><gnu@gnu.org></a>. Também existem <a
+href="/contact/">outros meios de contatar</a> a FSF. Links quebrados e
+outras correções ou sugestões podem ser enviadas para <a
+href="mailto:webmasters@gnu.org";><webmasters@gnu.org></a>.</p>
+
+<p>
+<!-- TRANSLATORS: Ignore the original text in this paragraph,
+ replace it with the translation of these two:
+
+ We work hard and do our best to provide accurate, good quality
+ translations. However, we are not exempt from imperfection.
+ Please send your comments and general suggestions in this regard
+ to <a href="mailto:web-translators@gnu.org";>
+
+ <web-translators@gnu.org></a>.</p>
+
+ <p>For information on coordinating and contributing translations of
+ our web pages, see <a
+ href="/server/standards/README.translations.html">Translations
+ README</a>. -->
+A equipe de traduções para o português brasileiro se esforça para oferecer
+traduções precisas e de boa qualidade, mas não estamos isentos de erros. Por
+favor, envie seus comentários e sugestões em geral sobre as traduções para
+<a
+href="mailto:web-translators@gnu.org";><web-translators@gnu.org></a>.
+</p><p>Consulte o <a href="/server/standards/README.translations.html">Guia
+para as traduções</a> para mais informações sobre a coordenação e a
+contribuição com traduções das páginas deste site.</p>
+</div>
+
+<!-- Regarding copyright, in general, standalone pages (as opposed to
+ files generated as part of manuals) on the GNU web server should
+ be under CC BY-ND 4.0. Please do NOT change or remove this
+ without talking with the webmasters or licensing team first.
+ Please make sure the copyright date is consistent with the
+ document. For web pages, it is ok to list just the latest year the
+ document was modified, or published.
+
+ If you wish to list earlier years, that is ok too.
+ Either "2001, 2002, 2003" or "2001-2003" are ok for specifying
+ years, as long as each year in the range is in fact a copyrightable
+ year, i.e., a year in which the document was published (including
+ being publicly visible on the web or in a revision control system).
+
+ There is more detail about copyright years in the GNU Maintainers
+ Information document, www.gnu.org/prep/maintain. -->
+<p>Copyright © 2021 Wojciech Kosior</p>
+
+<p>Esta página está licenciada sob os termos da licença <a rel="license"
+href="https://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/legalcode";> Creative
+Commons Zero</a>.</p>
+
+<!--#include virtual="/server/bottom-notes.pt-br.html" -->
+<div class="translators-credits">
+
+<!--TRANSLATORS: Use space (SPC) as msgstr if you don't want credits.-->
+Traduzido por: Rafael Fontenelle <a
+href="mailto:rafaelff@gnome.org";><rafaelff@gnome.org></a>, 2021.</div>
+
+<p class="unprintable"><!-- timestamp start -->
+Ãltima atualização:
+
+$Date: 2021/12/30 10:33:40 $
+
+<!-- timestamp end -->
+</p>
+</div>
+</div>
+<!-- for class="inner", starts in the banner include -->
+</body>
+</html>
Index:
education/po/how-i-fought-to-graduate-without-using-non-free-software.pt-br-en.html
===================================================================
RCS file:
education/po/how-i-fought-to-graduate-without-using-non-free-software.pt-br-en.html
diff -N
education/po/how-i-fought-to-graduate-without-using-non-free-software.pt-br-en.html
--- /dev/null 1 Jan 1970 00:00:00 -0000
+++
education/po/how-i-fought-to-graduate-without-using-non-free-software.pt-br-en.html
30 Dec 2021 10:33:40 -0000 1.1
@@ -0,0 +1,402 @@
+<!--#include virtual="/server/header.html" -->
+<!-- Parent-Version: 1.96 -->
+<!-- This page is derived from /server/standards/boilerplate.html -->
+<!--#set var="DISABLE_TOP_ADDENDUM" value="yes" -->
+<title>How I Fought To Graduate Without Using Nonfree Software
+- GNU Project - Free Software Foundation</title>
+<link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="/side-menu.css" media="screen" />
+ <!--#include
virtual="/education/po/how-i-fought-to-graduate-without-using-non-free-software.translist"
-->
+<!--#include virtual="/server/banner.html" -->
+
+<div class="nav">
+<a id="side-menu-button" class="switch" href="#navlinks">
+ <img id="side-menu-icon" height="25" width="31"
+ src="/graphics/icons/side-menu.png"
+ title="Education Contents"
+ alt=" [Education Contents] " />
+</a>
+
+<p class="breadcrumb">
+ <a href="/"><img src="/graphics/icons/home.png" height="26" width="26"
+ alt="GNU Home" title="GNU Home" /></a> /
+ <a href="/education/education.html">Education</a> /
+ <a href="/education/resisting-proprietary-software.html">Resistance</a> /
+ <a
href="/education/successful-resistance-against-nonfree-software.html">Successful
resistance</a> /</p>
+</div>
+
+<!--GNUN: OUT-OF-DATE NOTICE-->
+<!--#include virtual="/server/top-addendum.html" -->
+
+<div style="clear: both"></div>
+<div id="last-div" class="article reduced-width">
+
+<h2>How I Fought To Graduate Without Using Nonfree Software</h2>
+
+<address class="byline">by Wojciech Kosior
+<a href="#thanks" id="thanks-rev"><sup>[1]</sup></a></address>
+
+<p>As a university student, I have struggled during the pandemic like
+everyone else. Many have experienced deaths in their families, or have
+lost their jobs. While studying informatics at the AGH University of
+Science and Technology in Kraków, Poland, I have been fighting
+another, seemingly less important battle, but one I passionately feel
+is vital to our future freedoms. I describe my fight below, so as to
+encourage and inspire others.</p>
+
+<h3>Unethical platforms</h3>
+
+<p>Software freedom is a huge but hidden issue in our time. Digital
+communications technologies such as videoconferencing have taken center
+stage in our lives, and for many the use of these has been a savior.
+They do not notice the danger concealed in the way it works:
+whoever controls this technology controls our lives. Recently we have
+seen the power of Big Tech to subvert democracy, control speech,
+exclude groups, and invade our privacy.</p>
+
+<p>Software freedom is a fight to return control to people. It is a
+fight against “nonfree” software, also called
+<em>proprietary software</em>, which imposes unjust and invasive harms
+on its users. In pursuit of our liberating mission, advocates of
+software freedom like myself insist on using <em>libre</em> software.</p>
+
+<p>It is especially important to spread these ideals to new generations.
+Unfortunately, we often see the opposite trend. The default operating
+system found in most computer classrooms of my country is proprietary
+Microsoft Windows, with some universities even providing students
+licenses for it. At some point I came to realize this practice really
+only benefits the proprietary operating system vendor. Similarly
+terrifying is the level of dependence of course organization on
+nonfree Google Sheets and Google Forms.</p>
+
+<p>During the pandemic we saw educational facilities hastily embrace
+proprietary tools such as Microsoft Teams, Zoom, and WhatsApp,
+pressured by the network they generate. Schools and universities then
+tried to impose them on students, who subsequently suffered the loss
+of freedom from using programs that users don't control, as well as
+bad security and violations of privacy.</p>
+
+<p>Because I refuse to use unethical software, the complete reliance on
+proprietary platforms has created an ethical conflict. My aim has been
+to complete my university degree without surrendering to the imposed
+nonfree services, by convincing my
+professors<a href="#teachers" id="teachers-rev"><sup>[2]</sup></a> to
+allow me to use only free-software replacements to proprietary
+applications. I didn't expect to win a fight against such power, but
+now, through polite but firm action, I think I may have prevailed.
+Hopefully this story will help you resist too.</p>
+
+<h3>Ethical studying</h3>
+
+<p>Over time I've become more and more determined to avoid nonfree
+software. Among other challenges, that meant getting a Libreboot'ed
+ThinkPad and switching to GNU/Linux distros that include only libre
+packages. One might ask:</p>
+
+<blockquote>
+<p>What about studies? Weren't you required to use
+Windows? Or MS Office? Or some other proprietary tools?</p>
+</blockquote>
+
+<p>Actually, a majority of classroom assignments could be completed
+with free software. Today we have the luxury of excellent libre
+operating systems and libre tools for most tasks. Most popular
+programming languages have free software implementations. On those few
+occasions when some nonfree tool was strictly required, I was able
+either to convince the professor to let me make a substitution—for
+example, to complete the exercises with a PostgreSQL database instead
+of Oracle—or to do the assignment on a university computer in
+the lab. I admit, running nonfree software on a computer other than
+one's own doesn't fully solve the ethical problem. It just seemed fair,
+but it is not something I'm proud of.</p>
+
+<p>I also take the issue of in-browser JavaScript (js) more seriously
+now. Web js runs in an isolated sandbox, which leads many to
+believe it's acceptable, even though it's nonfree. Sandboxing might
+indeed solve security issues, but the true problem with proprietary
+programs lies elsewhere, in its denial of letting users have control.
+Currently, maintaining one's software freedom in the field of web
+browsing is not easy. Sites frequently malfunction when js is
+disabled. I have had to ask colleagues to help me enter study-related
+data into a Google Sheet because I couldn't do that without js
+enabled. In addition, js code is used to implement browser
+fingerprinting which is used to track users.</p>
+
+<h3>Gentle persuasion</h3>
+
+<p>Without serious problems, I completed the fifth semester of my
+studies. At the beginning of the sixth semester, the pandemic began.
+Universities closed their physical facilities, so most students
+returned home and professors started organizing remote classes.
+Unsurprisingly, they all chose proprietary platforms. Cisco WebEx,
+Microsoft Teams, ClickMeeting, and Skype were popular choices. I could
+not find a free software client for any of those. Also, not realizing
+the problem of nonfree js, professors expected everyone to be able to
+easily join the video sessions using any web interface.</p>
+
+<p>How did I handle these requirements? I would <em>very</em> politely
+email every single professor who announced something would be done
+using a problematic platform, explaining the lack of a suitable free
+software client. I often included a link to a popular online
+explanation of the issues of software freedom and universities, the
+“Costumed Heroes” video created by the Free Software
+Foundation (FSF), along with some other links to free videoconferencing
+programs like Jami and Jitsi Meet.</p>
+
+<p>Although there are many documented surveillance and security issues
+on these centralized platforms, I explained that, for me, software
+freedom was the troubling factor. Replies urging me to “run the
+program in a virtual machine” or saying that I “don't need
+the source code to use the service,” made it clear that some of
+my professors didn't understand, or understood only part of the issues.
+Had I been studying anything other than informatics, I suspect the
+fraction of those who understood the problem would be far smaller.</p>
+
+<h3>Missing out</h3>
+
+<p>There were two distinct areas of concern. The first was with
+accessing and participating in the teaching materials; for example,
+in a Machine Learning class I found someone to forward on to me what
+the professor had said. The second was around registration and
+assessment. For some remote classes, presence was not checked. I
+skipped those. Uploading my homework to Moodle also didn't pose any
+issues.</p>
+
+<p>The first real problem arose with the Artificial Intelligence (AI)
+course. It was taught by rotation. The first professor gave
+homework requiring the proprietary Framsticks application, but
+allowed me to do a neural networks exercise instead. Another professor
+agreed I could use Webots instead of Choreographe for a simulation
+exercise. Yet another one asked us to complete an online NVIDIA course
+that required nonfree js. That professor did not respond to my email.</p>
+
+<p>One Distributed Systems homework was supposed to be submitted via
+WebEx, but that professor agreed to let me use Jami instead.</p>
+
+<h3>Uncertainty and doubt</h3>
+
+<p>Another issue that arose was gnawing uncertainty in the absence of a
+clear policy. Not knowing whether the university would recognize my
+principles was a cause of ongoing stress. Despite my small early
+victory, other rotational courses meant that three more professors
+would each need to agree if I were to pass, so until June I could not
+be sure I would succeed. In March, System Programming classes started.
+The professor, who didn't want to lose time connecting to a libre
+platform to rate my homework, gave me little hope, so again I was to
+live in uncertainty through the Easter and beyond.</p>
+
+<p>I believe every class should <em>at minimum</em> be offered ways to
+interoperate with libre tools so that students can at least read class
+assignments on free platforms, and upload their answers from them.
+Unless universities offer interoperability, the reliance on proprietary
+software costs both students and professors time and headaches. At one
+point I emailed two professors about the use of nonfree platforms for
+lectures. One didn't respond and the other replied rudely. They seemed
+not to understand, but I suspect they were avoiding any extra work.
+This had a corrosive impact on my engagement and I stopped caring about
+lectures. Avoiding a language-specific package manager that I felt put
+me at risk of security and freedom issues cost me considerable time
+and delayed my studies. Time is precious for us all.</p>
+
+<h3>Friction over freedom</h3>
+
+<p>Although stressful, thus far things had gone fairly smoothly. But
+after Easter, a Software Engineering course presented the first big
+problem. This professor first ignored my emails, but eventually wrote
+a long reply and threatened to fail me if I missed one more meeting.
+That email's tone showed great annoyance, perhaps anger. It was
+suggested that I use a colleague's help to participate in the meeting.
+Another classmate and I connected through Mumble, through which the
+professor was also intermediated—not perfect, but it worked!</p>
+
+<p>The issues of software freedom, which are ethical, must be separated
+from other concerns to which open source supporters often give priority.
+For example, advocates of open source refrain from bringing those
+important freedom issues to the table and only say that software with
+source code publicly available is going to achieve higher quality
+with the help of the community. Meanwhile, our opponents claim
+proprietary software can bring higher revenue, allowing the hiring of
+more developers to work on improving it.</p>
+
+<p>The Compilers course exam was to be conducted through Microsoft
+Teams. Again, sticking to my principles, I thought I would fail.
+Funnily enough, it was Teams that failed. It could not handle dozens
+of students connecting, so instead the exam was conducted via email.
+On the other hand, during contact with my thesis supervisor in July,
+Jami broke during the meeting. No software is perfect. But with libre
+software you at least get to keep both pieces when it breaks.</p>
+
+<p>It is not necessarily the functional aspects of the software that
+creates friction around lack of software freedom. During the summer I
+had to do an internship. I backed out of a paid offer after learning
+that the employer would make my code nonfree. I eventually did
+another, unpaid internship.</p>
+
+<p>So after all my struggles, I finally passed the summer semester and
+even had decent grades. What at some point seemed almost impossible,
+was now a reality.</p>
+
+<h3>Proprietary imposed at all levels</h3>
+
+<p>Before the winter semester, a list of allowed videoconferencing
+platforms that comply with the data protection law was given to
+professors. It contained Microsoft Teams, Cisco WebEx, ClickMeeting,
+and Google Meet. You will surely see the irony here!</p>
+
+<p>One professor agreed to use Jitsi Meet for all his classes and
+suggested that I ask the student council to recommend it to the Dean,
+but the council never responded to my emails. High quality software
+offering better data protection capabilities was deliberately
+sidelined in favor of commercial nonfree solutions in what seems like
+a case of corrupt corporate capture of an educational institution. The
+libre software didn't get approved and the professor kept
+communicating with other students via WebEx.</p>
+
+<h3>Misconceptions</h3>
+
+<p>As I mentioned earlier, despite being highly knowledgeable
+computer scientists and experienced in informatics, many
+academics demonstrated a generally poor understanding of
+the politics and ethics around software.</p>
+
+<p>The professor giving the seminar claimed that because a libre
+platform also runs on someone else's server, “it
+cannot be safer.” I responded that Jitsi Meet allows for
+independent instances to be created, which eliminates the need to rely
+on a single company. I also noted that the lack of libre clients is
+the main problem with other services. It is a shame that professors at
+this level, who fully grasp the difference between intermediated
+encryption and end-to-end encryption, will teach it in their classes
+but not practice it in their daily profession.</p>
+
+<p>On another occasion, I objected to using a Windows VM for a
+penetration testing exercise. The professor remarked that one would
+not be a good penetration tester if restricted to testing only libre
+servers. I gave up on responding to him, but I think proprietary
+platforms should be considered insecure by default due to, for instance,
+possible backdoors they may have.</p>
+
+<h3>Having resolve</h3>
+
+<p>At some point I had an argument with my supervisor, who gave me an
+ultimatum that I must use Microsoft Teams. I didn't agree and he was
+supposed to inform the Dean about withdrawing from supervising me.
+Perhaps the Dean didn't read that email? I'm just guessing. Anyway, a
+few weeks later I even borrowed some electronics from my
+supervisor—almost as if the argument had never happened.</p>
+
+<p>Later, one professor who didn't agree to let me pass a course
+without using Teams wanted to fail me for my “absences,”
+despite my uploading homework throughout the semester. After
+a protracted argument, I was offered an option to meet online on
+January 8th… on Teams! I politely refused again, and reiterated my
+points. The professor eventually CC'd the Associate Dean in an email.
+In the meantime, the deadline to upload my thesis for a January defense
+expired. After many reminder emails, a response finally came, and
+through the Dean's intercession I got a grade, passed my seventh
+semester and successfully defended my thesis in March.</p>
+
+<h3>Conclusions</h3>
+
+<p>Looking back, I'm proud of my actions. I took the risk of failing
+my studies, and I would end up with lower final grade than if I had
+submitted to the use of unethical and insecure software products.
+But I am content with this. I don't think surrendering to nonfree
+platforms would bring any long-term benefits—only more
+compromises.</p>
+
+<p>We can see some people are intolerant to software freedom principles,
+but in the end those were few and most university staff at the AGH
+were actually kind to me. Thanks to them I now have a proof that it
+<em>is possible</em> to study, graduate… indeed to <em>live</em>
+without relying on proprietary software. After all this hard
+experience, I feel more independent than ever, and I even received
+appreciation from the well-known
+RMS <a href="#rms" id="rms-rev"><sup>[3]</sup></a>. Hopefully, my
+story will help more students get to where I am.</p>
+
+<p>Struggling to run only libre programs forced, and continues to force
+me, to gain new skills. I now know enough about web technologies to
+make several sites function without JavaScript. But what is best
+about my experience is that I will be able to share my fixes with
+others and eventually make a subset of the World Wide Web usable in
+freedom.</p>
+
+<div class="infobox">
+<hr />
+<p><a href="#thanks-rev" id="thanks">[1]</a> Thanks to Andy Farnell,
+Andy Oram and Richard Stallman for their help.</p>
+
+<p><a href="#teachers-rev" id="teachers">[2]</a> Throughout this essay,
+I refer to all university teachers in the vernacular as my professors,
+although only some wear that official academic title.</p>
+
+<p><a href="#rms-rev" id="rms">[3]</a> Dr. Richard M. Stallman,
+Founder of the Free Software Foundation and Chief GNUisance of the
+GNU Project.</p>
+</div>
+
+</div>
+<!--#include virtual="/education/education-menu.html" -->
+<!--#include virtual="/server/footer.html" -->
+<div id="footer" role="contentinfo">
+<div class="unprintable">
+
+<p>Please send general FSF & GNU inquiries to
+<a href="mailto:gnu@gnu.org";><gnu@gnu.org></a>.
+There are also <a href="/contact/">other ways to contact</a>
+the FSF. Broken links and other corrections or suggestions can be sent
+to <a href="mailto:webmasters@gnu.org";><webmasters@gnu.org></a>.</p>
+
+<p><!-- TRANSLATORS: Ignore the original text in this paragraph,
+ replace it with the translation of these two:
+
+ We work hard and do our best to provide accurate, good quality
+ translations. However, we are not exempt from imperfection.
+ Please send your comments and general suggestions in this regard
+ to <a href="mailto:web-translators@gnu.org";>
+ <web-translators@gnu.org></a>.</p>
+
+ <p>For information on coordinating and contributing translations of
+ our web pages, see <a
+ href="/server/standards/README.translations.html">Translations
+ README</a>. -->
+Please see the <a
+href="/server/standards/README.translations.html">Translations
+README</a> for information on coordinating and contributing translations
+of this article.</p>
+</div>
+
+<!-- Regarding copyright, in general, standalone pages (as opposed to
+ files generated as part of manuals) on the GNU web server should
+ be under CC BY-ND 4.0. Please do NOT change or remove this
+ without talking with the webmasters or licensing team first.
+ Please make sure the copyright date is consistent with the
+ document. For web pages, it is ok to list just the latest year the
+ document was modified, or published.
+
+ If you wish to list earlier years, that is ok too.
+ Either "2001, 2002, 2003" or "2001-2003" are ok for specifying
+ years, as long as each year in the range is in fact a copyrightable
+ year, i.e., a year in which the document was published (including
+ being publicly visible on the web or in a revision control system).
+
+ There is more detail about copyright years in the GNU Maintainers
+ Information document, www.gnu.org/prep/maintain. -->
+
+<p>Copyright © 2021 Wojciech Kosior</p>
+
+<p>This page is released under the terms of <a rel="license"
+href="https://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/legalcode";>
+Creative Commons Zero</a>.</p>
+
+<!--#include virtual="/server/bottom-notes.html" -->
+
+<p class="unprintable">Updated:
+<!-- timestamp start -->
+$Date: 2021/12/30 10:33:40 $
+<!-- timestamp end -->
+</p>
+</div>
+</div><!-- for class="inner", starts in the banner include -->
+</body>
+</html>
Index: help/priority-projects.pt-br.html
===================================================================
RCS file: help/priority-projects.pt-br.html
diff -N help/priority-projects.pt-br.html
--- /dev/null 1 Jan 1970 00:00:00 -0000
+++ help/priority-projects.pt-br.html 30 Dec 2021 10:33:41 -0000 1.1
@@ -0,0 +1,133 @@
+<!--#set var="ENGLISH_PAGE" value="/help/priority-projects.en.html" -->
+
+<!--#include virtual="/server/header.pt-br.html" -->
+<!-- Parent-Version: 1.92 -->
+<!-- This page is derived from /server/standards/boilerplate.html -->
+
+<!-- This file is automatically generated by GNUnited Nations! -->
+<title>Lista de projetos GNU de aprimoramento de alta prioridade</title>
+
+<!--#include virtual="/help/po/priority-projects.translist" -->
+<!--#include virtual="/server/banner.pt-br.html" -->
+<h2>Lista de projetos GNU de aprimoramento de alta prioridade</h2>
+
+
+<p>Estamos procurando programadores para adicionar esses recursos a vários
+programas (geralmente pacotes GNU, mas às vezes não). Fale primeiro com os
+desenvolvedores do programa existente para discutir a melhor forma de
+cooperar com eles, de modo que eles ficarão contentes em instalar suas
+alterações quando você terminar. Siga todas as convenções de seu
projeto.</p>
+
+<p>Informe <a
+href="mailto://maintainers@gnu.org";><maintainers@gnu.org></a> quando
+iniciar um desses projetos e quando estiver pronto para instalar â ou se
+você topar com um obstáculo que impede seu progresso.</p>
+
+
+<ul>
+ <li><p>Modifique aspell ou hunspell para lidar com um dicionário de
gênero. O
+dicionário de gênero para um determinado idioma registraria o gênero de cada
+palavra conhecida, se ela tiver um gênero.</p>
+
+ <p>O objetivo é aprimorar o comando para verificar uma única palavra.
Deve
+relatar o gênero da palavra, se o dicionário declarar seu gênero. Então
+poderÃamos estender o comando M-$ no GNU Emacs para relatar o gênero da
+palavra. Outros editores podem ser estendidos da mesma forma.</p>
+ <p>A maioria de nós conhece idiomas em que os gêneros são
âmasculinoâ,
+âfemininoâ ou talvez âneutroâ. No entanto, alguns idiomas classificam
os
+substantivos de outras maneiras. Em termos linguÃsticos, qualquer
+classificação de substantivos em categorias é chamada de âgêneroâ. Este
+recurso deve permitir que o dicionário de gênero especifique qualquer
+conjunto de gêneros e classifique os substantivos dentro deles. Ele deve
+lidar com qualquer conjunto de gêneros que o dicionário atual definir.</p>
+
+ <p>Alguns idiomas usam sufixos nas formas verbais para classificar o
sujeito
+por gênero. Seria útil se a extensão pudesse analisar a forma de um verbo e
+dizer que gênero ela se aplica ao seu sujeito, objeto ou outro nominal
+relacionado.</p>
+ </li>
+</ul>
+
+<div class="translators-notes">
+
+<!--TRANSLATORS: Use space (SPC) as msgstr if you don't have notes.-->
+ </div>
+</div>
+
+<!-- for id="content", starts in the include above -->
+<!--#include virtual="/server/footer.pt-br.html" -->
+<div id="footer">
+<div class="unprintable">
+
+<p>Envie perguntas em geral sobre a FSF e o GNU para <a
+href="mailto:gnu@gnu.org";><gnu@gnu.org></a>. Também existem <a
+href="/contact/">outros meios de contatar</a> a FSF. Links quebrados e
+outras correções ou sugestões podem ser enviadas para <a
+href="mailto:webmasters@gnu.org";><webmasters@gnu.org></a>.</p>
+
+<p>
+<!-- TRANSLATORS: Ignore the original text in this paragraph,
+ replace it with the translation of these two:
+
+ We work hard and do our best to provide accurate, good quality
+ translations. However, we are not exempt from imperfection.
+ Please send your comments and general suggestions in this regard
+ to <a href="mailto:web-translators@gnu.org";>
+
+ <web-translators@gnu.org></a>.</p>
+
+ <p>For information on coordinating and contributing translations of
+ our web pages, see <a
+ href="/server/standards/README.translations.html">Translations
+ README</a>. -->
+A equipe de traduções para o português brasileiro se esforça para oferecer
+traduções precisas e de boa qualidade, mas não estamos isentos de erros. Por
+favor, envie seus comentários e sugestões em geral sobre as traduções para
+<a
+href="mailto:web-translators@gnu.org";><web-translators@gnu.org></a>.
+</p><p>Consulte o <a href="/server/standards/README.translations.html">Guia
+para as traduções</a> para mais informações sobre a coordenação e a
+contribuição com traduções das páginas deste site.</p>
+</div>
+
+<!-- Regarding copyright, in general, standalone pages (as opposed to
+ files generated as part of manuals) on the GNU web server should
+ be under CC BY-ND 4.0. Please do NOT change or remove this
+ without talking with the webmasters or licensing team first.
+ Please make sure the copyright date is consistent with the
+ document. For web pages, it is ok to list just the latest year the
+ document was modified, or published.
+
+ If you wish to list earlier years, that is ok too.
+ Either "2001, 2002, 2003" or "2001-2003" are ok for specifying
+ years, as long as each year in the range is in fact a copyrightable
+ year, i.e., a year in which the document was published (including
+ being publicly visible on the web or in a revision control system).
+
+ There is more detail about copyright years in the GNU Maintainers
+ Information document, www.gnu.org/prep/maintain. -->
+<p>Copyright © 2020 Free Software Foundation, Inc.</p>
+
+<p>Esta página está licenciada sob uma licença <a rel="license"
+href="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nd/4.0/deed.pt_BR";>Creative
+Commons Atribuição-SemDerivações 4.0 Internacional</a>.</p>
+
+<!--#include virtual="/server/bottom-notes.pt-br.html" -->
+<div class="translators-credits">
+
+<!--TRANSLATORS: Use space (SPC) as msgstr if you don't want credits.-->
+Traduzido por: Rafael Fontenelle <a
+href="mailto:rafaelff@gnome.org";><rafaelff@gnome.org></a>, 2021.</div>
+
+<p class="unprintable"><!-- timestamp start -->
+Ãltima atualização:
+
+$Date: 2021/12/30 10:33:41 $
+
+<!-- timestamp end -->
+</p>
+</div>
+</div>
+<!-- for class="inner", starts in the banner include -->
+</body>
+</html>
Index: help/po/priority-projects.pt-br-en.html
===================================================================
RCS file: help/po/priority-projects.pt-br-en.html
diff -N help/po/priority-projects.pt-br-en.html
--- /dev/null 1 Jan 1970 00:00:00 -0000
+++ help/po/priority-projects.pt-br-en.html 30 Dec 2021 10:33:41 -0000
1.1
@@ -0,0 +1,112 @@
+<!--#include virtual="/server/header.html" -->
+<!-- Parent-Version: 1.92 -->
+<!-- This page is derived from /server/standards/boilerplate.html -->
+
+<title>GNU High Priority Enhancement Projects List</title>
+ <!--#include virtual="/help/po/priority-projects.translist" -->
+<!--#include virtual="/server/banner.html" -->
+<h2>GNU High Priority Enhancement Projects List</h2>
+
+
+<p>We are looking for programmers to add these features to various
+programs (often GNU packages, but sometimes not). Please talk with the
+developers of the existing program first, to discuss how best to
+cooperate with them, so they will be glad to install your changes when
+you have them done. Please follow all the conventions of their
+project.</p>
+
+<p>Please inform <a
+href="mailto://maintainers@gnu.org";><maintainers@gnu.org></a> when you
+start one of these projects, and when you have it ready to install
+— or if you run into an obstacle that stops your progress.</p>
+
+
+<ul>
+ <li><p>Modify aspell or hunspell to handle a gender dictionary. The
+ gender dictionary for a given language would record the gender
+ of each known word, if it has a gender.</p>
+
+ <p>The purpose of this is to enhance the command to check a single word.
+ It should report the word's gender, if the dictionary states its gender.
+ Then we could extend the command M-$ in GNU Emacs to report the word's
+ gender. Other editors could be extended likewise.</p>
+ <p>Most of us know of languages where the genders are
+ “male”, “female” or perhaps
+ “neuter”. However, some languages classify nouns in
+ other ways. In linguistic terms, any classification of nouns
+ into categories is called “gender”. This feature
+ should let the gender dictionary specify any set of genders and
+ classify nouns into them. It should handle whatever set of
+ genders the current dictionary defines.</p>
+
+ <p>Some languages use suffixes on verb forms to classify the
+ subject by gender. It would be useful if the extension can analyze a
+ verb form and say which gender it applies to its subject,
+ object, or other related nominal.</p>
+ </li>
+</ul>
+
+</div><!-- for id="content", starts in the include above -->
+<!--#include virtual="/server/footer.html" -->
+<div id="footer">
+<div class="unprintable">
+
+<p>Please send general FSF & GNU inquiries to
+<a href="mailto:gnu@gnu.org";><gnu@gnu.org></a>.
+There are also <a href="/contact/">other ways to contact</a>
+the FSF. Broken links and other corrections or suggestions can be sent
+to <a href="mailto:webmasters@gnu.org";><webmasters@gnu.org></a>.</p>
+
+<p><!-- TRANSLATORS: Ignore the original text in this paragraph,
+ replace it with the translation of these two:
+
+ We work hard and do our best to provide accurate, good quality
+ translations. However, we are not exempt from imperfection.
+ Please send your comments and general suggestions in this regard
+ to <a href="mailto:web-translators@gnu.org";>
+ <web-translators@gnu.org></a>.</p>
+
+ <p>For information on coordinating and contributing translations of
+ our web pages, see <a
+ href="/server/standards/README.translations.html">Translations
+ README</a>. -->
+Please see the <a
+href="/server/standards/README.translations.html">Translations
+README</a> for information on coordinating and contributing translations
+of this article.</p>
+</div>
+
+<!-- Regarding copyright, in general, standalone pages (as opposed to
+ files generated as part of manuals) on the GNU web server should
+ be under CC BY-ND 4.0. Please do NOT change or remove this
+ without talking with the webmasters or licensing team first.
+ Please make sure the copyright date is consistent with the
+ document. For web pages, it is ok to list just the latest year the
+ document was modified, or published.
+
+ If you wish to list earlier years, that is ok too.
+ Either "2001, 2002, 2003" or "2001-2003" are ok for specifying
+ years, as long as each year in the range is in fact a copyrightable
+ year, i.e., a year in which the document was published (including
+ being publicly visible on the web or in a revision control system).
+
+ There is more detail about copyright years in the GNU Maintainers
+ Information document, www.gnu.org/prep/maintain. -->
+
+<p>Copyright © 2020 Free Software Foundation, Inc.</p>
+
+<p>This page is licensed under a <a rel="license"
+href="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nd/4.0/";>Creative
+Commons Attribution-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License</a>.</p>
+
+<!--#include virtual="/server/bottom-notes.html" -->
+
+<p class="unprintable">Updated:
+<!-- timestamp start -->
+$Date: 2021/12/30 10:33:41 $
+<!-- timestamp end -->
+</p>
+</div>
+</div><!-- for class="inner", starts in the banner include -->
+</body>
+</html>
Index: philosophy/fs-and-sustainable-development.pt-br.html
===================================================================
RCS file: philosophy/fs-and-sustainable-development.pt-br.html
diff -N philosophy/fs-and-sustainable-development.pt-br.html
--- /dev/null 1 Jan 1970 00:00:00 -0000
+++ philosophy/fs-and-sustainable-development.pt-br.html 30 Dec 2021
10:33:42 -0000 1.1
@@ -0,0 +1,151 @@
+<!--#set var="ENGLISH_PAGE"
value="/philosophy/fs-and-sustainable-development.en.html" -->
+
+<!--#include virtual="/server/header.pt-br.html" -->
+<!-- Parent-Version: 1.96 -->
+<!-- This page is derived from /server/standards/boilerplate.html -->
+<!--#set var="TAGS" value="essays cultural society" -->
+<!--#set var="DISABLE_TOP_ADDENDUM" value="yes" -->
+
+<!-- This file is automatically generated by GNUnited Nations! -->
+<title>Software livre e desenvolvimento sustentável - Projeto GNU - Free
Software
+Foundation</title>
+
+<!--#include virtual="/philosophy/po/fs-and-sustainable-development.translist"
-->
+<!--#include virtual="/server/banner.pt-br.html" -->
+<!--#include virtual="/philosophy/ph-breadcrumb.pt-br.html" -->
+<!--GNUN: OUT-OF-DATE NOTICE-->
+<!--#include virtual="/server/top-addendum.pt-br.html" -->
+<div class="article reduced-width">
+
+<h2>Software livre e desenvolvimento sustentável</h2>
+
+<address class="byline">por Richard Stallman</address>
+
+<p>Muitas organizações que visam promover o desenvolvimento disseminando o
uso
+de computadores cometem um erro fundamental: promovem o uso de software
+privativo (não livre). Usar software privativo não é desenvolvimento; torna
+a sociedade dependente, não forte.</p>
+
+<p>Softwares privativos como o MS Windows e o sistema Macintosh são
+distribuÃdos em um esquema para manter os usuários divididos e
+desamparados. Os usuários estão divididos porque cada usuário está proibido
+de compartilhar o programa com qualquer outra pessoa; eles estão
+desamparados porque os âplanosâ do software, o código-fonte, são
+secretos. Os usuários não podem alterar o programa de forma viável, ou mesmo
+verificar se ele faz o que o desenvolvedor diz (e nada mais que o
+desenvolvedor não disse).</p>
+
+<p>A maneira de evitar ficar dividido e desamparado é usar software livre. O
+software livre respeita a liberdade do usuário. Especificamente, software
+livre significa que os usuários têm quatro liberdades essenciais: eles são
+livres para executar o software, para estudar seu código-fonte e alterá-lo
+para fazer o que quiserem, para redistribuir cópias e para publicar versões
+modificadas. O software livre faz parte do conhecimento humano.</p>
+
+<p>Aumentar o uso de software livre torna a sociedade mais capaz. O software
+livre pode ser usado, compreendido, mantido e adaptado livremente por
+pessoas locais em qualquer lugar do mundo. Este é o verdadeiro
+desenvolvimento.</p>
+
+<p>Em contraste, aumentar o uso de software privativo significa aprofundar a
+dependência da sociedade de algumas corporações nos paÃses ricos. Software
+privativo é uma tecnologia secreta, que as pessoas locais estão proibidas de
+entender, proibida de manter, proibida de se adaptar e proibida de
+estender. Ele só pode ser usado sob o controle direto de uma única empresa,
+ou então de forma ilegal. Depender de software privativo não é
+desenvolvimento, é colonização eletrônica.</p>
+
+<p>Para obter mais informações sobre software livre e o popular sistema
+operacional GNU/Linux, consulte www.gnu.org.</p>
+
+<div class="infobox extra" role="complementary">
+<hr />
+<p>Publicado pela primeira vez em on <a
+href="https://web.archive.org/web/20060623003714/http://www.insnet.org/ins_headlines.rxml?cust=212&id=967";>
+insnet.org</a> em 2005.</p>
+</div>
+</div>
+
+<div class="translators-notes">
+
+<!--TRANSLATORS: Use space (SPC) as msgstr if you don't have notes.-->
+ </div>
+</div>
+
+<!-- for id="content", starts in the include above -->
+<!--#include virtual="/server/footer.pt-br.html" -->
+<div id="footer" role="contentinfo">
+<div class="unprintable">
+
+<p>Envie perguntas em geral sobre a FSF e o GNU para <a
+href="mailto:gnu@gnu.org";><gnu@gnu.org></a>. Também existem <a
+href="/contact/">outros meios de contatar</a> a FSF. Links quebrados e
+outras correções ou sugestões podem ser enviadas para <a
+href="mailto:webmasters@gnu.org";><webmasters@gnu.org></a>.</p>
+
+<p>
+<!-- TRANSLATORS: Ignore the original text in this paragraph,
+ replace it with the translation of these two:
+
+ We work hard and do our best to provide accurate, good quality
+ translations. However, we are not exempt from imperfection.
+ Please send your comments and general suggestions in this regard
+ to <a href="mailto:web-translators@gnu.org";>
+
+ <web-translators@gnu.org></a>.</p>
+
+ <p>For information on coordinating and contributing translations of
+ our web pages, see <a
+ href="/server/standards/README.translations.html">Translations
+ README</a>. -->
+A equipe de traduções para o português brasileiro se esforça para oferecer
+traduções precisas e de boa qualidade, mas não estamos isentos de erros. Por
+favor, envie seus comentários e sugestões em geral sobre as traduções para
+<a
+href="mailto:web-translators@gnu.org";><web-translators@gnu.org></a>.
+</p><p>Consulte o <a href="/server/standards/README.translations.html">Guia
+para as traduções</a> para mais informações sobre a coordenação e a
+contribuição com traduções das páginas deste site.</p>
+</div>
+
+<!-- Regarding copyright, in general, standalone pages (as opposed to
+ files generated as part of manuals) on the GNU web server should
+ be under CC BY-ND 4.0. Please do NOT change or remove this
+ without talking with the webmasters or licensing team first.
+ Please make sure the copyright date is consistent with the
+ document. For web pages, it is ok to list just the latest year the
+ document was modified, or published.
+
+ If you wish to list earlier years, that is ok too.
+ Either "2001, 2002, 2003" or "2001-2003" are ok for specifying
+ years, as long as each year in the range is in fact a copyrightable
+ year, i.e., a year in which the document was published (including
+ being publicly visible on the web or in a revision control system).
+
+ There is more detail about copyright years in the GNU Maintainers
+ Information document, www.gnu.org/prep/maintain. -->
+<p>Copyright © 2005, 2021 Richard Stallman</p>
+
+<p>Esta página está licenciada sob uma licença <a rel="license"
+href="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nd/4.0/deed.pt_BR";>Creative
+Commons Atribuição-SemDerivações 4.0 Internacional</a>.</p>
+
+<!--#include virtual="/server/bottom-notes.pt-br.html" -->
+<div class="translators-credits">
+
+<!--TRANSLATORS: Use space (SPC) as msgstr if you don't want credits.-->
+Traduzido por: Rafael Fontenelle <a
+href="mailto:rafaelff@gnome.org";><rafaelff@gnome.org></a>, 2021.</div>
+
+<p class="unprintable"><!-- timestamp start -->
+Ãltima atualização:
+
+$Date: 2021/12/30 10:33:42 $
+
+<!-- timestamp end -->
+</p>
+</div>
+</div>
+<!-- for class="inner", starts in the banner include -->
+</body>
+</html>
Index: philosophy/using-gfdl.pt-br.html
===================================================================
RCS file: philosophy/using-gfdl.pt-br.html
diff -N philosophy/using-gfdl.pt-br.html
--- /dev/null 1 Jan 1970 00:00:00 -0000
+++ philosophy/using-gfdl.pt-br.html 30 Dec 2021 10:33:42 -0000 1.1
@@ -0,0 +1,154 @@
+<!--#set var="ENGLISH_PAGE" value="/philosophy/using-gfdl.en.html" -->
+
+<!--#include virtual="/server/header.pt-br.html" -->
+<!-- Parent-Version: 1.96 -->
+<!-- This page is derived from /server/standards/boilerplate.html -->
+<!--#set var="TAGS" value="essays licensing copyleft" -->
+<!--#set var="DISABLE_TOP_ADDENDUM" value="yes" -->
+
+<!-- This file is automatically generated by GNUnited Nations! -->
+<title>Usando a GNU FDL - Projeto GNU - Free Software Foundation</title>
+
+<!--#include virtual="/philosophy/po/using-gfdl.translist" -->
+<!--#include virtual="/server/banner.pt-br.html" -->
+<!--#include virtual="/philosophy/ph-breadcrumb.pt-br.html" -->
+<!--GNUN: OUT-OF-DATE NOTICE-->
+<!--#include virtual="/server/top-addendum.pt-br.html" -->
+<div class="article reduced-width">
+<h2>Usando a GNU FDL</h2>
+
+<address class="byline">por <a href="https://www.stallman.org/";>Richard
Stallman</a></address>
+
+<p>Se você conhece alguém que está escrevendo um manual sobre software
livre e
+buscando uma publicação comercial, tem a chance de ajudar muito o Movimento
+do Software Livre com uma pequena quantidade de trabalho: sugerindo a ideia
+de publicar o manual sob a <a href="/licenses/fdl.html">Licença de
+Documentação Livre GNU</a>.</p>
+
+<p>Até recentemente, a publicação comercial de livros quase sempre
significava
+um livro não livre. Mas, assim como o software comercial livre vem crescendo
+há algum tempo, agora a documentação comercial livre também está
começando a
+decolar. Alguns dos principais editores comerciais de documentação sobre o
+<a href="/gnu/linux-and-gnu.html">sistema GNU/Linux</a>, e sobre software
+livre em geral, agora estão dispostos a publicar livros sob a GNU FDL, e
+pague os autores da maneira usual â SE os autores forem firmes sobre
isso.</p>
+
+<p>Mas é provável que os editores proponham primeiro um livro privativo
+comum. E se os autores concordarem, será assim. Portanto, é essencial que os
+autores assumam a liderança; para dizer, âQueremos usar a GNU FDL para este
+livroâ. Portanto, quando seu amigo mencionar escrever um manual, você pode
+influenciar o curso dos eventos simplesmente apontando essa possibilidade.</p>
+
+<p>Se um editor rejeitar a solicitação no inÃcio, o Projeto GNU pode ajudar
os
+autores a prevalecerem. Eles podem nos contatar em <a
+href="mailto:gnu@gnu.org";><gnu@gnu.org></a>.</p>
+
+<p>Há <a href="/licenses/license-list.html#DocumentationLicenses"> outras</a>
+licenças de documentação livres legÃtimas, mas à s vezes seu uso requer
+cuidado. Por exemplo, uma licença está equipada com duas cláusulas opcionais
+que podem ser ativadas; a licença é livre se nenhuma cláusula opcional for
+usada, mas ativar qualquer uma delas torna o livro não livre. (Veja <a
+href="/licenses/license-list.html"> gnu.org/licenses/license-list.html</a>.)
+Autores que desejam publicar documentação livre, mas usando uma licença
+diferente da GNU FDL, pode nos contatar para que possamos verificar se a
+licença realmente se qualifica para documentação livre.</p>
+
+<p>Quando um manual comercial é livre e está relacionado ao sistema GNU, o
+Projeto GNU pode recomendá-lo ao público. Portanto, se os autores ou editora
+criarem uma página da web para descrevê-la e/ou vender cópias, podemos fazer
+um link para essa página em <a
+href="/doc/other-free-books.html">www.gnu.org/doc/other-free-books.html</a>,
+desde que a página atenda aos nossos critérios habituais (por exemplo, não
+deve conter links para outras páginas sobre software ou documentação não
+livres e não deve ser desagradável ao tentar persuadir as pessoas
+comprar). Informe <a href="mailto:webmasters@gnu.org";>
+<webmasters@gnu.org></a> sobre essas páginas.</p>
+<hr class="column-limit" />
+
+<p>Veja também <a href="/philosophy/free-doc.html">Softwares Livres e Manuais
+Livres</a>.</p>
+</div>
+
+<div class="translators-notes">
+
+<!--TRANSLATORS: Use space (SPC) as msgstr if you don't have notes.-->
+ </div>
+</div>
+
+<!-- for id="content", starts in the include above -->
+<!--#include virtual="/server/footer.pt-br.html" -->
+<div id="footer" role="contentinfo">
+<div class="unprintable">
+
+<p>Envie perguntas em geral sobre a FSF e o GNU para <a
+href="mailto:gnu@gnu.org";><gnu@gnu.org></a>. Também existem <a
+href="/contact/">outros meios de contatar</a> a FSF. Links quebrados e
+outras correções ou sugestões podem ser enviadas para <a
+href="mailto:webmasters@gnu.org";><webmasters@gnu.org></a>.</p>
+
+<p>
+<!-- TRANSLATORS: Ignore the original text in this paragraph,
+ replace it with the translation of these two:
+
+ We work hard and do our best to provide accurate, good quality
+ translations. However, we are not exempt from imperfection.
+ Please send your comments and general suggestions in this regard
+ to <a href="mailto:web-translators@gnu.org";>
+
+ <web-translators@gnu.org></a>.</p>
+
+ <p>For information on coordinating and contributing translations of
+ our web pages, see <a
+ href="/server/standards/README.translations.html">Translations
+ README</a>. -->
+A equipe de traduções para o português brasileiro se esforça para oferecer
+traduções precisas e de boa qualidade, mas não estamos isentos de erros. Por
+favor, envie seus comentários e sugestões em geral sobre as traduções para
+<a
+href="mailto:web-translators@gnu.org";><web-translators@gnu.org></a>.
+</p><p>Consulte o <a href="/server/standards/README.translations.html">Guia
+para as traduções</a> para mais informações sobre a coordenação e a
+contribuição com traduções das páginas deste site.</p>
+</div>
+
+<!-- Regarding copyright, in general, standalone pages (as opposed to
+ files generated as part of manuals) on the GNU web server should
+ be under CC BY-ND 4.0. Please do NOT change or remove this
+ without talking with the webmasters or licensing team first.
+ Please make sure the copyright date is consistent with the
+ document. For web pages, it is ok to list just the latest year the
+ document was modified, or published.
+
+ If you wish to list earlier years, that is ok too.
+ Either "2001, 2002, 2003" or "2001-2003" are ok for specifying
+ years, as long as each year in the range is in fact a copyrightable
+ year, i.e., a year in which the document was published (including
+ being publicly visible on the web or in a revision control system).
+
+ There is more detail about copyright years in the GNU Maintainers
+ Information document, www.gnu.org/prep/maintain. -->
+<p>Copyright © 1999, 2021 Richard M. Stallman</p>
+
+<p>Esta página está licenciada sob uma licença <a rel="license"
+href="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nd/4.0/deed.pt_BR";>Creative
+Commons Atribuição-SemDerivações 4.0 Internacional</a>.</p>
+
+<!--#include virtual="/server/bottom-notes.pt-br.html" -->
+<div class="translators-credits">
+
+<!--TRANSLATORS: Use space (SPC) as msgstr if you don't want credits.-->
+Traduzido por: Rafael Fontenelle <a
+href="mailto:rafaelff@gnome.org";><rafaelff@gnome.org></a>, 2021.</div>
+
+<p class="unprintable"><!-- timestamp start -->
+Ãltima atualização:
+
+$Date: 2021/12/30 10:33:42 $
+
+<!-- timestamp end -->
+</p>
+</div>
+</div>
+<!-- for class="inner", starts in the banner include -->
+</body>
+</html>
Index: philosophy/wwworst-app-store.pt-br.html
===================================================================
RCS file: philosophy/wwworst-app-store.pt-br.html
diff -N philosophy/wwworst-app-store.pt-br.html
--- /dev/null 1 Jan 1970 00:00:00 -0000
+++ philosophy/wwworst-app-store.pt-br.html 30 Dec 2021 10:33:42 -0000
1.1
@@ -0,0 +1,273 @@
+<!--#set var="ENGLISH_PAGE" value="/philosophy/wwworst-app-store.en.html" -->
+
+<!--#include virtual="/server/header.pt-br.html" -->
+<!-- Parent-Version: 1.96 -->
+<!-- This page is derived from /server/standards/boilerplate.html -->
+<!--#set var="TAGS" value="essays cultural evils" -->
+<!--#set var="DISABLE_TOP_ADDENDUM" value="yes" -->
+
+<!-- This file is automatically generated by GNUnited Nations! -->
+<title>Uma loja de aplicativos da pior espécie - Projeto GNU - Free Software
+Foundation</title>
+<style type="text/css" media="print,screen"><!--
+#content p { margin: .5em 0 0; }
+-->
+</style>
+
+<!--#include virtual="/philosophy/po/wwworst-app-store.translist" -->
+<!--#include virtual="/server/banner.pt-br.html" -->
+<!--#include virtual="/philosophy/ph-breadcrumb.pt-br.html" -->
+<!--GNUN: OUT-OF-DATE NOTICE-->
+<!--#include virtual="/server/top-addendum.pt-br.html" -->
+<div class="article reduced-width">
+<h2>Uma loja de aplicativos da pior espécie</h2>
+
+<address class="byline">por Alexandre Oliva</address>
+
+<p>Imagine a loja de aplicativo mais abusiva.</p>
+
+<p>Os programas nela são feitos para serem executados no seu próprio
+computador.</p>
+
+<p>No entanto, você precisa estar online para executá-los.</p>
+
+<p>Cada vez que você os inicia, eles entram em contato com a loja de
+aplicativos.</p>
+
+<p>Se houver uma versão atualizada, ela é instalada automaticamente, sem
+perguntas. Você prefere executar a versão anterior? DifÃcil.</p>
+
+<p>Se a loja de aplicativos decidir que você não é mais bem-vindo, o
programa
+não iniciará mais.</p>
+
+<p>Se os servidores da loja de aplicativos estiverem offline, ou se você
+estiver, ele também não iniciará.</p>
+
+<div class="important">
+<p>Os programas nesta loja de aplicativos também devem conter seus dados nos
+servidores da loja de aplicativos.</p>
+
+<p>Se o programa não iniciar, você não poderá mais acessar os dados nos
+servidores.</p>
+
+<p>Você pode ter baixado backups de seus dados, mas terá que descobrir como
+decodificá-los sem o programa.</p>
+</div>
+
+<p>Parece um pesadelo? Isto é. Mas também é muito real.</p>
+
+<p>As lojas de aplicativos conhecidas estão se aproximando desse nÃvel de
+maldade.</p>
+
+<p>Mas elas estão apenas alcançando a realidade.</p>
+
+<p>A loja de aplicativos mais abusiva é a perversão voltada para os
negócios do
+antigo sistema de hipertexto distribuÃdo que capacita o usuário, chamado âa
+Webâ.</p>
+
+<p>Os usuários foram incentivados a adotar âaplicativos webâ para grande
parte
+de sua computação, abrindo caminho para que outras lojas de aplicativos
+sigam o exemplo.</p>
+
+<div class="important">
+<p>âAplicativos webâ são geralmente distribuÃdos como JavaScript (por
meio de
+Java e Flash serviram a propósitos semelhantes), instalados e executados
+automaticamente em seu navegador.</p>
+
+<p>Mas o problema não é que eles estejam em JavaScript ou que seja o seu
+navegador que os executa. Ã isso:</p>
+
+<ul>
+<li>você não tem controle sobre o que o programa faz;</li>
+<li>você não tem controle sobre quando pode executá-lo;</li>
+<li>você não tem controle sobre seus próprios dados.</li>
+</ul>
+
+<p>O dono da loja de aplicativos tira todo esse controle de você, ganhando
+assim o controle sobre você.</p>
+
+<p>Você perde quando o código JavaScript é um software não livre.<br />
+<a href="/philosophy/javascript-trap.html">
+https://www.gnu.org/philosophy/javascript-trap.html</a></p>
+
+<p>Mas você também perde quando é (nominalmente) software livre!</p>
+</div>
+
+<p>Quando o site/aplicativo web tem tanto controle sobre o que é executado em
+seu computador, o efeito âé equivalente a usar um programa não livre com
+recursos de vigilância e um <em>backdoor</em> universalâ. <br />
+<a href="/philosophy/network-services-arent-free-or-nonfree.html">
+https://www.gnu.org/philosophy/network-services-arent-free-or-nonfree.html</a>
<br />
+
+<a href="/philosophy/who-does-that-server-really-serve.html">
+https://www.gnu.org/philosophy/who-does-that-server-really-serve.html</a> </p>
+
+<p>O dono fica com toda a liberdade enquanto você, o usuário, tem
nenhuma.</p>
+
+<p>Essa não é uma maneira respeitosa de fazer sua computação.</p>
+
+<p>Ela invade sua privacidade, mantém você e seus dados como reféns, tira
sua
+agência e sua liberdade no que diz respeito à sua vida digital.</p>
+
+<hr class="column-limit" />
+
+<p>A web costumava ser uma ótima maneira de compartilhar informações.</p>
+
+<p>Os aplicativos web e o JavaScript obrigatório transformaram-na na pior loja
+de aplicativos.</p>
+
+<p>à hora de separar as práticas práticas das piores.</p>
+
+<p>Aqui estão algumas maneiras de ajudar:</p>
+
+<ul>
+<li>solicite aos sites que exijam a execução de JavaScript para oferecer:
+ <ul>
+ <li>meios alternativos de acesso às informações que publicam, ou</li>
+ <li>meios alternativos de entrega para seus aplicativos;</li>
+ </ul>
+</li>
+
+<li>promova extensões livres de navegador que controlam a execução de
+JavaScript;<br />
+<a href="/software/librejs/">https://www.gnu.org/software/librejs/</a></li>
+
+<li>cuidado com aplicativos que são meros front-ends para SaaSS;<br />
+<a href="/philosophy/who-does-that-server-really-serve.html">
+https://www.gnu.org/philosophy/who-does-that-server-really-serve.html</a></li>
+
+<li>exija que o software que você usa seja entregue de maneira que respeite a
+liberdade;</li>
+
+<li>promova sistemas de hipertexto que não concedam aos servidores controle
+sobre os usuários.<br />
+<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gemini_(protocol)">
+https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gemini_(protocol)</a><br />
+<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gopher_(protocol)">
+https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gopher_(protocol)</a></li>
+</ul>
+
+<p>De forma geral:</p>
+
+<ul>
+<li>como um usuário que se preza, rejeite as práticas abusivas sempre que
puder;<br />
+<a href="/philosophy/saying-no-even-once.html">
+https://gnu.org/philosophy/saying-no-even-once.html</a></li>
+
+<li>desencoraje a execução automática de código baixado;<br />
+<a
+href="https://www.fsfla.org/blogs/lxo/pub/who-is-afraid-of-spectre-and-meltdown.en.html";>
+https://www.fsfla.org/blogs/lxo/pub/who-is-afraid-of-spectre-and-meltdown.en.html</a></li>
+
+<li>como uma operadora de serviço de rede, defina um exemplo que respeite o
+usuário;<br />
+<a href="/philosophy/network-services-arent-free-or-nonfree.html">
+https://www.gnu.org/philosophy/network-services-arent-free-or-nonfree.html</a></li>
+
+<li>espalhe a conscientização do problema e conselhos sobre como resolvê-lo
e
+evitá-lo.<br />
+<a href="/help/help-javascript.html">
+https://www.gnu.org/help/help-javascript.html</a></li>
+</ul>
+
+<p>Agora, se você deseja que seu site dê aos usuários uma amostra de como a
+loja de aplicativos da pior espécie se parece para nós, adicione às páginas
+web que você controla o seguinte JavaScriptlet:</p>
+
+<p class="emph-box">
+document.body.textContent = 'Please disable JavaScript to view this site.'</p>
+
+<p>Se desejar, torne âdesativar o JavaScriptâ um link para este artigo.</p>
+
+<hr class="column-limit" />
+
+<p>Agradeço a Richard Stallman pela inspiração para escrever sobre este
assunto
+e pelo incentivo para publicá-lo.</p>
+
+<p><em>2021-04-01 atualização:</em> obrigado a KE0VVT por me informar
que
+textContent não pode ter links; você precisa do innerHTML para isso.</p>
+</div>
+
+<div class="translators-notes">
+
+<!--TRANSLATORS: Use space (SPC) as msgstr if you don't have notes.-->
+ </div>
+</div>
+
+<!-- for id="content", starts in the include above -->
+<!--#include virtual="/server/footer.pt-br.html" -->
+<div id="footer" role="contentinfo">
+<div class="unprintable">
+
+<p>Envie perguntas em geral sobre a FSF e o GNU para <a
+href="mailto:gnu@gnu.org";><gnu@gnu.org></a>. Também existem <a
+href="/contact/">outros meios de contatar</a> a FSF. Links quebrados e
+outras correções ou sugestões podem ser enviadas para <a
+href="mailto:webmasters@gnu.org";><webmasters@gnu.org></a>.</p>
+
+<p>
+<!-- TRANSLATORS: Ignore the original text in this paragraph,
+ replace it with the translation of these two:
+
+ We work hard and do our best to provide accurate, good quality
+ translations. However, we are not exempt from imperfection.
+ Please send your comments and general suggestions in this regard
+ to <a href="mailto:web-translators@gnu.org";>
+
+ <web-translators@gnu.org></a>.</p>
+
+ <p>For information on coordinating and contributing translations of
+ our web pages, see <a
+ href="/server/standards/README.translations.html">Translations
+ README</a>. -->
+A equipe de traduções para o português brasileiro se esforça para oferecer
+traduções precisas e de boa qualidade, mas não estamos isentos de erros. Por
+favor, envie seus comentários e sugestões em geral sobre as traduções para
+<a
+href="mailto:web-translators@gnu.org";><web-translators@gnu.org></a>.
+</p><p>Consulte o <a href="/server/standards/README.translations.html">Guia
+para as traduções</a> para mais informações sobre a coordenação e a
+contribuição com traduções das páginas deste site.</p>
+</div>
+
+<!-- Regarding copyright, in general, standalone pages (as opposed to
+ files generated as part of manuals) on the GNU web server should
+ be under CC BY-ND 4.0. Please do NOT change or remove this
+ without talking with the webmasters or licensing team first.
+ Please make sure the copyright date is consistent with the
+ document. For web pages, it is ok to list just the latest year the
+ document was modified, or published.
+
+ If you wish to list earlier years, that is ok too.
+ Either "2001, 2002, 2003" or "2001-2003" are ok for specifying
+ years, as long as each year in the range is in fact a copyrightable
+ year, i.e., a year in which the document was published (including
+ being publicly visible on the web or in a revision control system).
+
+ There is more detail about copyright years in the GNU Maintainers
+ Information document, www.gnu.org/prep/maintain. -->
+<p>Copyright © 2021 Alexandre Oliva</p>
+
+<p>Esta página está licenciada sob uma licença <a rel="license"
+href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nd/4.0/deed.pt_BR";>Creative
+Commons Atribuição-SemDerivações 4.0 Internacional</a>.</p>
+
+<!--#include virtual="/server/bottom-notes.pt-br.html" -->
+<div class="translators-credits">
+
+<!--TRANSLATORS: Use space (SPC) as msgstr if you don't want credits.-->
+Traduzido por: Rafael Fontenelle <a
+href="mailto:rafaelff@gnome.org";><rafaelff@gnome.org></a>, 2021.</div>
+
+<p class="unprintable"><!-- timestamp start -->
+Ãltima atualização:
+
+$Date: 2021/12/30 10:33:42 $
+
+<!-- timestamp end -->
+</p>
+</div>
+</div>
+<!-- for class="inner", starts in the banner include -->
+</body>
+</html>
Index: philosophy/po/fs-and-sustainable-development.pt-br-en.html
===================================================================
RCS file: philosophy/po/fs-and-sustainable-development.pt-br-en.html
diff -N philosophy/po/fs-and-sustainable-development.pt-br-en.html
--- /dev/null 1 Jan 1970 00:00:00 -0000
+++ philosophy/po/fs-and-sustainable-development.pt-br-en.html 30 Dec 2021
10:33:42 -0000 1.1
@@ -0,0 +1,125 @@
+<!--#include virtual="/server/header.html" -->
+<!-- Parent-Version: 1.96 -->
+<!-- This page is derived from /server/standards/boilerplate.html -->
+<!--#set var="TAGS" value="essays cultural society" -->
+<!--#set var="DISABLE_TOP_ADDENDUM" value="yes" -->
+<title>Free Software and Sustainable Development - GNU Project - Free Software
+Foundation</title>
+<!--#include virtual="/philosophy/po/fs-and-sustainable-development.translist"
-->
+<!--#include virtual="/server/banner.html" -->
+<!--#include virtual="/philosophy/ph-breadcrumb.html" -->
+<!--GNUN: OUT-OF-DATE NOTICE-->
+<!--#include virtual="/server/top-addendum.html" -->
+<div class="article reduced-width">
+
+<h2>Free Software and Sustainable Development</h2>
+
+<address class="byline">by Richard Stallman</address>
+
+<p>Many organizations that aim to promote development by spreading the
+use of computers make a fundamental mistake: they promote the use of
+proprietary (nonfree) software. Using proprietary software is not
+development; it makes society dependent, not strong.</p>
+
+<p>Proprietary software such as MS Windows and the Macintosh system is
+distributed in a scheme to keep the users divided and helpless. The
+users are divided because each user is forbidden to share the program
+with anyone else; they are helpless because the “plans” of the
+software, the source code, are secret. Users can't feasibly change
+the program, or even verify that it does what the developer says (and
+not anything else that the developer didn't say).</p>
+
+<p>The way to avoid being divided and helpless is to use free software.
+Free software respects users' freedom. Specifically, free software
+means users have four essential freedoms: they are free to run the
+software, free to study its source code and change it to do what they
+want, free to redistribute copies, and free to publish modified
+versions. Free software is part of human knowledge.</p>
+
+<p>Increasing the use of free software makes society more capable. Free
+software can be freely used, understood, maintained and adapted by
+local people anywhere in the world. This is true development.</p>
+
+<p>By contrast, increasing use of proprietary software means deepening
+society's dependency on a few corporations in rich countries.
+Proprietary software is secret technology, which local people are
+forbidden to understand, forbidden to maintain, forbidden to adapt,
+and forbidden to extend. It can be used only under the direct control
+of a single corporation, or else illegally. Dependence on proprietary
+software is not development, it is electronic colonization.</p>
+
+<p>For more information on free software and the popular GNU/Linux
+operating system, see www.gnu.org.</p>
+
+<div class="infobox extra" role="complementary">
+<hr />
+<p>First published on <a
+href="https://web.archive.org/web/20060623003714/http://www.insnet.org/ins_headlines.rxml?cust=212&id=967";>
+insnet.org</a> in 2005.</p>
+</div>
+</div>
+
+</div><!-- for id="content", starts in the include above -->
+<!--#include virtual="/server/footer.html" -->
+<div id="footer" role="contentinfo">
+<div class="unprintable">
+
+<p>Please send general FSF & GNU inquiries to
+<a href="mailto:gnu@gnu.org";><gnu@gnu.org></a>.
+There are also <a href="/contact/">other ways to contact</a>
+the FSF. Broken links and other corrections or suggestions can be sent
+to <a href="mailto:webmasters@gnu.org";><webmasters@gnu.org></a>.</p>
+
+<p><!-- TRANSLATORS: Ignore the original text in this paragraph,
+ replace it with the translation of these two:
+
+ We work hard and do our best to provide accurate, good quality
+ translations. However, we are not exempt from imperfection.
+ Please send your comments and general suggestions in this regard
+ to <a href="mailto:web-translators@gnu.org";>
+ <web-translators@gnu.org></a>.</p>
+
+ <p>For information on coordinating and contributing translations of
+ our web pages, see <a
+ href="/server/standards/README.translations.html">Translations
+ README</a>. -->
+Please see the <a
+href="/server/standards/README.translations.html">Translations
+README</a> for information on coordinating and contributing translations
+of this article.</p>
+</div>
+
+<!-- Regarding copyright, in general, standalone pages (as opposed to
+ files generated as part of manuals) on the GNU web server should
+ be under CC BY-ND 4.0. Please do NOT change or remove this
+ without talking with the webmasters or licensing team first.
+ Please make sure the copyright date is consistent with the
+ document. For web pages, it is ok to list just the latest year the
+ document was modified, or published.
+
+ If you wish to list earlier years, that is ok too.
+ Either "2001, 2002, 2003" or "2001-2003" are ok for specifying
+ years, as long as each year in the range is in fact a copyrightable
+ year, i.e., a year in which the document was published (including
+ being publicly visible on the web or in a revision control system).
+
+ There is more detail about copyright years in the GNU Maintainers
+ Information document, www.gnu.org/prep/maintain. -->
+
+<p>Copyright © 2005, 2021 Richard Stallman</p>
+
+<p>This page is licensed under a <a rel="license"
+href="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nd/4.0/";>Creative
+Commons Attribution-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License</a>.</p>
+
+<!--#include virtual="/server/bottom-notes.html" -->
+
+<p class="unprintable">Updated:
+<!-- timestamp start -->
+$Date: 2021/12/30 10:33:42 $
+<!-- timestamp end -->
+</p>
+</div>
+</div><!-- for class="inner", starts in the banner include -->
+</body>
+</html>
Index: philosophy/po/using-gfdl.pt-br-en.html
===================================================================
RCS file: philosophy/po/using-gfdl.pt-br-en.html
diff -N philosophy/po/using-gfdl.pt-br-en.html
--- /dev/null 1 Jan 1970 00:00:00 -0000
+++ philosophy/po/using-gfdl.pt-br-en.html 30 Dec 2021 10:33:42 -0000
1.1
@@ -0,0 +1,137 @@
+<!--#include virtual="/server/header.html" -->
+<!-- Parent-Version: 1.96 -->
+<!-- This page is derived from /server/standards/boilerplate.html -->
+<!--#set var="TAGS" value="essays licensing copyleft" -->
+<!--#set var="DISABLE_TOP_ADDENDUM" value="yes" -->
+<title>Using GNU FDL
+- GNU Project - Free Software Foundation</title>
+<!--#include virtual="/philosophy/po/using-gfdl.translist" -->
+<!--#include virtual="/server/banner.html" -->
+<!--#include virtual="/philosophy/ph-breadcrumb.html" -->
+<!--GNUN: OUT-OF-DATE NOTICE-->
+<!--#include virtual="/server/top-addendum.html" -->
+<div class="article reduced-width">
+<h2>Using GNU FDL</h2>
+
+<address class="byline">by <a href="https://www.stallman.org/";>Richard
+Stallman</a></address>
+
+<p>If you know someone who is writing a manual about free software,
+and looking towards commercial publication, you have a chance to help
+the Free Software Movement a great deal with a small amount of work:
+by suggesting the idea of publishing the manual under
+the <a href="/licenses/fdl.html">GNU Free Documentation
+License</a>.</p>
+
+<p>Until recently, commercial book publication almost always implied a
+nonfree book. But just as free commercial software has been
+increasing for a while, now free commercial documentation is starting
+to take off as well. Some of the major commercial publishers of
+documentation about the <a href= "/gnu/linux-and-gnu.html">GNU/Linux
+system</a>, and about free software in general, are now willing to
+publish books under the GNU FDL, and pay the authors in the usual
+way—IF the authors are firm about this.</p>
+
+<p>But publishers are likely to first propose an ordinary proprietary
+book. And if the authors agree, that's what it will be. So it is
+essential for authors to take the lead; to say, “We want to use
+the GNU FDL for this book.” So when your friend mentions
+writing a manual, you can influence the course of events simply by
+pointing out this possibility.</p>
+
+<p>If a publisher rejects the request at first, the GNU Project may be
+able to help the authors prevail. They can contact us
+at <a href="mailto:gnu@gnu.org";><gnu@gnu.org></a>.</p>
+
+<p>There
+are <a href="/licenses/license-list.html#DocumentationLicenses">
+other</a> legitimate free documentation licenses, but sometimes using
+them requires care. For example, one license is equipped with two
+optional clauses that can be enabled; the license is free if neither
+optional clause is used, but enabling either of them makes the book
+nonfree. (See <a href="/licenses/license-list.html">
+gnu.org/licenses/license-list.html</a>.) Authors that want
+to publish free documentation, but using a license other than the GNU
+FDL, can contact us so we can check that the license really qualifies
+for free documentation.</p>
+
+<p>When a commercial manual is free and relates to the GNU system, the
+GNU Project can recommend it to the public. So if the authors or
+publisher set up a web page to describe it and/or sell copies, we can
+make a link to that page from <a
+href="/doc/other-free-books.html">www.gnu.org/doc/other-free-books.html</a>,
+provided the page meets our usual criteria (for instance, it should
+not link to other pages about nonfree software or documentation, and
+should not be obnoxious about trying to persuade people to buy).
+Please inform <a href="mailto:webmasters@gnu.org";>
+<webmasters@gnu.org></a> about such pages.</p>
+<hr class="column-limit" />
+
+<p>See also <a href="/philosophy/free-doc.html">Free Software and Free
+Manuals</a>.</p>
+</div>
+
+</div><!-- for id="content", starts in the include above -->
+<!--#include virtual="/server/footer.html" -->
+<div id="footer" role="contentinfo">
+<div class="unprintable">
+
+<p>Please send general FSF & GNU inquiries to
+<a href="mailto:gnu@gnu.org";><gnu@gnu.org></a>.
+There are also <a href="/contact/">other ways to contact</a>
+the FSF. Broken links and other corrections or suggestions can be sent
+to <a href="mailto:webmasters@gnu.org";><webmasters@gnu.org></a>.</p>
+
+<p><!-- TRANSLATORS: Ignore the original text in this paragraph,
+ replace it with the translation of these two:
+
+ We work hard and do our best to provide accurate, good quality
+ translations. However, we are not exempt from imperfection.
+ Please send your comments and general suggestions in this regard
+ to <a href="mailto:web-translators@gnu.org";>
+ <web-translators@gnu.org></a>.</p>
+
+ <p>For information on coordinating and contributing translations of
+ our web pages, see <a
+ href="/server/standards/README.translations.html">Translations
+ README</a>. -->
+Please see the <a
+href="/server/standards/README.translations.html">Translations
+README</a> for information on coordinating and contributing translations
+of this article.</p>
+</div>
+
+<!-- Regarding copyright, in general, standalone pages (as opposed to
+ files generated as part of manuals) on the GNU web server should
+ be under CC BY-ND 4.0. Please do NOT change or remove this
+ without talking with the webmasters or licensing team first.
+ Please make sure the copyright date is consistent with the
+ document. For web pages, it is ok to list just the latest year the
+ document was modified, or published.
+
+ If you wish to list earlier years, that is ok too.
+ Either "2001, 2002, 2003" or "2001-2003" are ok for specifying
+ years, as long as each year in the range is in fact a copyrightable
+ year, i.e., a year in which the document was published (including
+ being publicly visible on the web or in a revision control system).
+
+ There is more detail about copyright years in the GNU Maintainers
+ Information document, www.gnu.org/prep/maintain. -->
+
+<p>Copyright © 1999, 2021 Richard M. Stallman</p>
+
+<p>This page is licensed under a <a rel="license"
+href="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nd/4.0/";>Creative
+Commons Attribution-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License</a>.</p>
+
+<!--#include virtual="/server/bottom-notes.html" -->
+
+<p class="unprintable">Updated:
+<!-- timestamp start -->
+$Date: 2021/12/30 10:33:42 $
+<!-- timestamp end -->
+</p>
+</div>
+</div><!-- for class="inner", starts in the banner include -->
+</body>
+</html>
Index: philosophy/po/wwworst-app-store.pt-br-en.html
===================================================================
RCS file: philosophy/po/wwworst-app-store.pt-br-en.html
diff -N philosophy/po/wwworst-app-store.pt-br-en.html
--- /dev/null 1 Jan 1970 00:00:00 -0000
+++ philosophy/po/wwworst-app-store.pt-br-en.html 30 Dec 2021 10:33:43
-0000 1.1
@@ -0,0 +1,237 @@
+<!--#include virtual="/server/header.html" -->
+<!-- Parent-Version: 1.96 -->
+<!-- This page is derived from /server/standards/boilerplate.html -->
+<!--#set var="TAGS" value="essays cultural evils" -->
+<!--#set var="DISABLE_TOP_ADDENDUM" value="yes" -->
+<title>The WWWorst App Store
+- GNU Project - Free Software Foundation</title>
+<style type="text/css" media="print,screen"><!--
+#content p { margin: .5em 0 0; }
+--></style>
+ <!--#include virtual="/philosophy/po/wwworst-app-store.translist" -->
+<!--#include virtual="/server/banner.html" -->
+<!--#include virtual="/philosophy/ph-breadcrumb.html" -->
+<!--GNUN: OUT-OF-DATE NOTICE-->
+<!--#include virtual="/server/top-addendum.html" -->
+<div class="article reduced-width">
+<h2>The WWWorst App Store</h2>
+
+<address class="byline">by Alexandre Oliva</address>
+
+<p>Picture the most abusive app store.</p>
+
+<p>Programs in it are meant to run on your own computer.</p>
+
+<p>However, you have to be online to run them.</p>
+
+<p>Every time you start them, they contact the app store.</p>
+
+<p>If there is an updated version, it's installed automatically, no
+questions asked. You'd rather run the earlier version? Tough.</p>
+
+<p>If the app store decides you're no longer welcome, the program won't
+start any more.</p>
+
+<p>If the app store servers are offline, or if you are, it won't start
+either.</p>
+
+<div class="important">
+<p>Programs in this app store must also hold your data in the app store's
+servers.</p>
+
+<p>If the program won't start, you can't get to the data on the servers
+any more.</p>
+
+<p>You may have downloaded backups of your data, but you'd have to figure
+out how to decode them without the program.</p>
+</div>
+
+<p>Sounds like a nightmare? It is. But it's also very real.</p>
+
+<p>Well-known app stores are approaching this level of nastiness.</p>
+
+<p>But they are just catching up with the real thing.</p>
+
+<p>The most abusive app store is the business-driven perversion of the
+old user-empowering distributed hypertext system called “the
Web.”</p>
+
+<p>Users have been encouraged to adopt “web apps” for much of their
+computing, paving the way for other app stores to follow suit.</p>
+
+<div class="important">
+<p>“Web apps” are most often distributed as JavaScript (though
Java and
+Flash have served similar purposes), automatically installed and
+executed on your browser.</p>
+
+<p>But the problem is not that they're in JavaScript, or that it's your
+browser that runs them. It's that:</p>
+
+<ul>
+<li>you don't have control over what the program does;</li>
+<li>you don't have control over when you can run it;</li>
+<li>you don't have control over your own data.</li>
+</ul>
+
+<p>The app store owner takes all that control away from you, thereby
+gaining control over you.</p>
+
+<p>You lose when the JavaScript code is nonfree software.<br />
+<a href="/philosophy/javascript-trap.html">
+https://www.gnu.org/philosophy/javascript-trap.html</a></p>
+
+<p>But you also lose when it is (nominally) free software!</p>
+</div>
+
+<p>When the app / web site has so much control over what runs on
+your computer, the effect “is equivalent to using a nonfree program
+with surveillance features and a universal back door.” <br />
+<a href="/philosophy/network-services-arent-free-or-nonfree.html">
+https://www.gnu.org/philosophy/network-services-arent-free-or-nonfree.html</a>
<br />
+
+<a href="/philosophy/who-does-that-server-really-serve.html">
+https://www.gnu.org/philosophy/who-does-that-server-really-serve.html</a> </p>
+
+<p>The owner gets all the freedom, and you, the user, get none.</p>
+
+<p>That's not a self-respectful way to do your computing.</p>
+
+<p>It invades your privacy, it keeps you and your data hostage, it takes
+away your agency and your freedom when it comes to your digital life.</p>
+
+<hr class="column-limit" />
+
+<p>The web used to be a wonderful way to share information.</p>
+
+<p>Web apps and mandatory JavaScript have turned it into the worst app
+store.</p>
+
+<p>It is time to separate the WWWonderful from the WWWorst practices.</p>
+
+<p>Here are some ways to help:</p>
+
+<ul>
+<li>request web sites that require JavaScript execution to offer either:
+ <ul>
+ <li>alternate means of access to information they publish, or</li>
+ <li>alternate means of delivery for their apps;</li>
+ </ul>
+</li>
+
+<li>promote free browser extensions that control JavaScript execution;<br />
+<a href="/software/librejs/">https://www.gnu.org/software/librejs/</a></li>
+
+<li>beware of apps that are mere front ends for SaaSS;<br />
+<a href="/philosophy/who-does-that-server-really-serve.html">
+https://www.gnu.org/philosophy/who-does-that-server-really-serve.html</a></li>
+
+<li>demand software you use to be delivered in freedom-respecting ways;</li>
+
+<li>promote hypertext systems that do not grant servers control over users.<br
/>
+<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gemini_(protocol)">
+https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gemini_(protocol)</a><br />
+<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gopher_(protocol)">
+https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gopher_(protocol)</a></li>
+</ul>
+
+<p>More generally:</p>
+
+<ul>
+<li>as a self-respecting user, reject the abusive practices whenever you
can;<br />
+<a href="/philosophy/saying-no-even-once.html">
+https://gnu.org/philosophy/saying-no-even-once.html</a></li>
+
+<li>discourage automatic execution of downloaded code;<br />
+<a
href="https://www.fsfla.org/blogs/lxo/pub/who-is-afraid-of-spectre-and-meltdown.en.html";>
+https://www.fsfla.org/blogs/lxo/pub/who-is-afraid-of-spectre-and-meltdown.en.html</a></li>
+
+<li>as a network service operator, set a user-respecting example;<br />
+<a href="/philosophy/network-services-arent-free-or-nonfree.html">
+https://www.gnu.org/philosophy/network-services-arent-free-or-nonfree.html</a></li>
+
+<li>spread awareness of the problem, and advice on solving and avoiding it.<br
/>
+<a href="/help/help-javascript.html">
+https://www.gnu.org/help/help-javascript.html</a></li>
+</ul>
+
+<p>Now, if you wish your site to give its users a taste of how the
+WWWorst app store feels to us, add to web pages you control the
+following JavaScriptlet:</p>
+
+<p class="emph-box">
+document.body.textContent = 'Please disable JavaScript to view this site.'</p>
+
+<p>If you wish, make “disable JavaScript” a link to this
article.</p>
+
+<hr class="column-limit" />
+
+<p>Thanks to Richard Stallman for the inspiration to write about this
+issue, and for the encouragement to publish it.</p>
+
+<p><em>2021-04-01 update:</em> thanks to KE0VVT for letting me know that
+textContent can't have links; you need innerHTML for that.</p>
+</div>
+
+</div><!-- for id="content", starts in the include above -->
+<!--#include virtual="/server/footer.html" -->
+<div id="footer" role="contentinfo">
+<div class="unprintable">
+
+<p>Please send general FSF & GNU inquiries to
+<a href="mailto:gnu@gnu.org";><gnu@gnu.org></a>.
+There are also <a href="/contact/">other ways to contact</a>
+the FSF. Broken links and other corrections or suggestions can be sent
+to <a href="mailto:webmasters@gnu.org";><webmasters@gnu.org></a>.</p>
+
+<p><!-- TRANSLATORS: Ignore the original text in this paragraph,
+ replace it with the translation of these two:
+
+ We work hard and do our best to provide accurate, good quality
+ translations. However, we are not exempt from imperfection.
+ Please send your comments and general suggestions in this regard
+ to <a href="mailto:web-translators@gnu.org";>
+ <web-translators@gnu.org></a>.</p>
+
+ <p>For information on coordinating and contributing translations of
+ our web pages, see <a
+ href="/server/standards/README.translations.html">Translations
+ README</a>. -->
+Please see the <a
+href="/server/standards/README.translations.html">Translations
+README</a> for information on coordinating and contributing translations
+of this article.</p>
+</div>
+
+<!-- Regarding copyright, in general, standalone pages (as opposed to
+ files generated as part of manuals) on the GNU web server should
+ be under CC BY-ND 4.0. Please do NOT change or remove this
+ without talking with the webmasters or licensing team first.
+ Please make sure the copyright date is consistent with the
+ document. For web pages, it is ok to list just the latest year the
+ document was modified, or published.
+
+ If you wish to list earlier years, that is ok too.
+ Either "2001, 2002, 2003" or "2001-2003" are ok for specifying
+ years, as long as each year in the range is in fact a copyrightable
+ year, i.e., a year in which the document was published (including
+ being publicly visible on the web or in a revision control system).
+
+ There is more detail about copyright years in the GNU Maintainers
+ Information document, www.gnu.org/prep/maintain. -->
+
+<p>Copyright © 2021 Alexandre Oliva</p>
+
+<p>This page is licensed under the <a rel="license"
+href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/";>Creative
+Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License</a>.</p>
+
+<!--#include virtual="/server/bottom-notes.html" -->
+
+<p class="unprintable">Updated:
+<!-- timestamp start -->
+$Date: 2021/12/30 10:33:43 $
+<!-- timestamp end -->
+</p>
+</div>
+</div><!-- for class="inner", starts in the banner include -->
+</body>
+</html>
Index: testimonials/reliable.pt-br.html
===================================================================
RCS file: testimonials/reliable.pt-br.html
diff -N testimonials/reliable.pt-br.html
--- /dev/null 1 Jan 1970 00:00:00 -0000
+++ testimonials/reliable.pt-br.html 30 Dec 2021 10:33:43 -0000 1.1
@@ -0,0 +1,167 @@
+<!--#set var="ENGLISH_PAGE" value="/testimonials/reliable.en.html" -->
+
+<!--#include virtual="/server/header.pt-br.html" -->
+<!-- Parent-Version: 1.79 -->
+
+<!-- This file is automatically generated by GNUnited Nations! -->
+<title>Software livre é confiável - Projeto GNU - Free Software
Foundation</title>
+
+<!--#include virtual="/testimonials/po/reliable.translist" -->
+<!--#include virtual="/server/banner.pt-br.html" -->
+<h2>Software livre é confiável</h2>
+
+<p>
+O software livre tem uma reputação de confiabilidade em toda a comunidade de
+usuários. Dia após dia, seus usuários esperam que ele funcione com poucas ou
+nenhuma complicação em cada tipo de aplicativo:</p>
+
+<blockquote><p>
+âQuando meus colegas de trabalho não conseguem que suas ferramentas
+privativas façam o trabalho de que precisam, eles frequentemente me
+procuram. Um exemplo recente foi um dos nossos principais programadores
+tentando rastrear um bug⦠Ele tentou habilitar exceções em seu ambiente de
+desenvolvimento comercial (o âDeveloper Studioâ da Microsoft) e encontrou
+travamentos constantes não apenas de seu programa, mas também do depurador e
+de todo o computador. Frustrado, ele me pediu para carregar o código no gdb
+(o depurador GNU). Eu nunca tinha usado exceções de ponto flutuante antes,
+mas eu facilmente determinei como habilitá-las em meu sistema [GNU/]Linux, e
+o gdb capturou a SIGFPE [exceção] momentos depois.â
+</p></blockquote>
+<p><strong> Adam Wiggins<br />
+Desenvolvedor de Software </strong></p>
+
+<p>
+Em setores como a engenharia nuclear, as empresas não podem comprometer a
+confiabilidade de suas ferramentas:
+</p>
+<blockquote><p>
+âPara sua informação, no JET, o principal projeto de pesquisa do mundo para
+o desenvolvimento de tecnologias de fusão nuclear para a produção de
+eletricidade, ⦠O software GNU é bem usado e apreciado. GNU Emacs é usado
+quase universalmente. GCC/BASH/GAWK e muitos outros da mesma forma.â
+</p></blockquote>
+<p><strong> Colin Manning<br />
+JET Project </strong></p>
+
+<blockquote><p>
+â[GNU/]Linux tem sido extremamente confiável. Podemos executar o servidor
+primário sem supervisão em um local remoto. Ele nunca travou, apesar de duas
+ocasiões em que um processo descontrolado exauriu toda a memória.â
+</p></blockquote>
+<p><strong> Jeff Breidenbach<br />
+The Mail Archive<br />
+www.mail-archive.com </strong></p>
+
+<blockquote><p>
+âNunca consegui travar o GCC em quase uma década de tentativas e nunca tive
+um programa interrompido porque o GCC o compilou incorretamente. Outras
+ferramentas da FSF, como o GAWK, são usadas diariamente para responder a
+novos problemas à medida que os clientes os apresentam, e inúmeros
+utilitários como o BASH e os bin-utils operam de forma tão confiável que
+muitas vezes esquecemos que eles estão lá.â
+</p></blockquote>
+<p><strong> Leon Brooks<br />
+Administrador de sistemas em um provedor de serviços de Internet<br />
+Claremont, Austrália Ocidental </strong></p>
+
+<blockquote><p>
+âDescobrimos que o software GNU tem melhor suporte e qualidade do que
+qualquer software privativo que já experimentamos.â
+</p></blockquote>
+
+<p><strong>M Carling<br />
+CIO, Axis Personal Trainers e Spa<br />
+</strong></p>
+
+<blockquote><p>
+âPara mencionar o software GNU, o GCC (o compilador da linguagem GNU C) foi
+usado para compilar o software. Sem problemas, nunca pensei
+nisso. Simplesmente funcionou.â
+</p></blockquote>
+<p><strong> Peter J. Darke<br />
+Consultor de Programa<br />
+General Practitioners Network, Austrália </strong></p>
+
+<div class="translators-notes">
+
+<!--TRANSLATORS: Use space (SPC) as msgstr if you don't have notes.-->
+ </div>
+</div>
+
+<!-- for id="content", starts in the include above -->
+<!--#include virtual="/server/footer.pt-br.html" -->
+<div id="footer">
+<div class="unprintable">
+
+<p>Envie perguntas em geral sobre a FSF e o GNU para <a
+href="mailto:gnu@gnu.org";><gnu@gnu.org></a>. Também existem <a
+href="/contact/">outros meios de contatar</a> a FSF. Links quebrados e
+outras correções ou sugestões podem ser enviadas para <a
+href="mailto:webmasters@gnu.org";><webmasters@gnu.org></a>.</p>
+
+<p>
+<!-- TRANSLATORS: Ignore the original text in this paragraph,
+ replace it with the translation of these two:
+
+ We work hard and do our best to provide accurate, good quality
+ translations. However, we are not exempt from imperfection.
+ Please send your comments and general suggestions in this regard
+ to <a href="mailto:web-translators@gnu.org";>
+
+ <web-translators@gnu.org></a>.</p>
+
+ <p>For information on coordinating and submitting translations of
+ our web pages, see <a
+ href="/server/standards/README.translations.html">Translations
+ README</a>. -->
+A equipe de traduções para o português brasileiro se esforça para oferecer
+traduções precisas e de boa qualidade, mas não estamos isentos de erros. Por
+favor, envie seus comentários e sugestões em geral sobre as traduções para
+<a
+href="mailto:web-translators@gnu.org";><web-translators@gnu.org></a>.
+</p><p>Consulte o <a href="/server/standards/README.translations.html">Guia
+para as traduções</a> para mais informações sobre a coordenação e o
envio de
+traduções das páginas deste site.</p>
+</div>
+
+<!-- Regarding copyright, in general, standalone pages (as opposed to
+ files generated as part of manuals) on the GNU web server should
+ be under CC BY-ND 4.0. Please do NOT change or remove this
+ without talking with the webmasters or licensing team first.
+ Please make sure the copyright date is consistent with the
+ document. For web pages, it is ok to list just the latest year the
+ document was modified, or published.
+
+ If you wish to list earlier years, that is ok too.
+ Either "2001, 2002, 2003" or "2001-2003" are ok for specifying
+ years, as long as each year in the range is in fact a copyrightable
+ year, i.e., a year in which the document was published (including
+ being publicly visible on the web or in a revision control system).
+
+ There is more detail about copyright years in the GNU Maintainers
+ Information document, www.gnu.org/prep/maintain. -->
+<p>Copyright © 1998, 1999, 2000, 2001, 2006, 2008, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014,
+2016 Free Software Foundation, Inc.</p>
+
+<p>Esta página está licenciada sob uma licença <a rel="license"
+href="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nd/4.0/deed.pt_BR";>Creative
+Commons Atribuição-SemDerivações 4.0 Internacional</a>.</p>
+
+<!--#include virtual="/server/bottom-notes.pt-br.html" -->
+<div class="translators-credits">
+
+<!--TRANSLATORS: Use space (SPC) as msgstr if you don't want credits.-->
+Traduzido por: Rafael Fontenelle <a
+href="mailto:rafaelff@gnome.org";><rafaelff@gnome.org></a>, 2021.</div>
+
+<p class="unprintable"><!-- timestamp start -->
+Ãltima atualização:
+
+$Date: 2021/12/30 10:33:43 $
+
+<!-- timestamp end -->
+</p>
+</div>
+</div>
+</body>
+</html>
Index: testimonials/po/reliable.pt-br-en.html
===================================================================
RCS file: testimonials/po/reliable.pt-br-en.html
diff -N testimonials/po/reliable.pt-br-en.html
--- /dev/null 1 Jan 1970 00:00:00 -0000
+++ testimonials/po/reliable.pt-br-en.html 30 Dec 2021 10:33:43 -0000
1.1
@@ -0,0 +1,160 @@
+<!--#include virtual="/server/header.html" -->
+<!-- Parent-Version: 1.79 -->
+
+<title>Free Software is Reliable
+- GNU Project - Free Software Foundation</title>
+
+<!--#include virtual="/testimonials/po/reliable.translist" -->
+<!--#include virtual="/server/banner.html" -->
+
+<h2>Free Software Is Reliable</h2>
+
+<p>
+Free software has a reputation for reliability throughout the user
+community. Day in and day out, its users expect it to perform with few or
+no complications in every type of application:</p>
+
+<blockquote><p>
+“When my co-workers can't get their proprietary tools to do the
+job they need, they frequently come to me. A recent example was one of
+our top programmers trying to track down a bug… He tried to
+enable exceptions on his commercial development environment
+(Microsoft's “Developer Studio”) and was met by constant
+crashes of not only his program, but in fact the debugger and his entire
+computer. In frustration he asked me to load the code into gdb (the GNU
+debugger). I had never used floating point exceptions before, but I
+easily determined how to enable them on my [GNU/]Linux system, and gdb
+gracefully caught the SIGFPE [exception] moments later.”
+</p></blockquote>
+<p><strong>
+Adam Wiggins<br />
+Software Developer
+</strong></p>
+
+<p>
+In industries like nuclear engineering, companies cannot afford to
+compromise reliability in their tools:
+</p>
+<blockquote><p>
+“For your information, at JET, the world's foremost research
+project for the development of nuclear fusion technologies for
+production of electricity, … GNU software is well used and
+appreciated. GNU Emacs is used almost universally. GCC/BASH/GAWK and
+many others likewise.”
+</p></blockquote>
+<p><strong>
+Colin Manning<br />
+JET Project
+</strong></p>
+
+<blockquote><p>
+“[GNU/]Linux has been extremely reliable. We are able to run the
+primary server unattended in a remote location. It has never crashed,
+despite two occasions when a runaway process exhausted all
+memory.”
+</p></blockquote>
+<p><strong>
+Jeff Breidenbach<br />
+The Mail Archive<br />
+www.mail-archive.com
+</strong></p>
+
+<blockquote><p>
+“I have never managed to crash GCC in nearly a decade of trying,
+and have never had a program break because GCC compiled it wrongly.
+Other FSF tools, like GAWK, are used on a daily basis in responding to
+new issues as clients present them, and countless utilities like BASH
+and the bin-utils operate so reliably that we often forget that they're
+there.”
+</p></blockquote>
+<p><strong>
+Leon Brooks<br />
+Systems Administrator for a small Internet Service Provider<br />
+Claremont, Western Australia
+</strong></p>
+
+<blockquote><p>
+“We have found GNU software to be better supported and of better
+quality than any proprietary software that we've tried.”
+</p></blockquote>
+
+<p><strong>M Carling<br />
+CIO, Axis Personal Trainers and Spa<br />
+</strong></p>
+
+<blockquote><p>
+“To mention GNU software, GCC (the GNU C language compiler) was
+used to compile software. No problems, didn't ever give it a thought.
+It simply worked.”
+</p></blockquote>
+<p><strong>
+Peter J. Darke<br />
+Program Consultant<br />
+General Practitioners Network, Australia
+</strong></p>
+
+</div><!-- for id="content", starts in the include above -->
+<!--#include virtual="/server/footer.html" -->
+<div id="footer">
+<div class="unprintable">
+
+<p>Please send general FSF & GNU inquiries to
+<a href="mailto:gnu@gnu.org";><gnu@gnu.org></a>.
+There are also <a href="/contact/">other ways to contact</a>
+the FSF. Broken links and other corrections or suggestions can be sent
+to <a href="mailto:webmasters@gnu.org";><webmasters@gnu.org></a>.</p>
+
+<p><!-- TRANSLATORS: Ignore the original text in this paragraph,
+ replace it with the translation of these two:
+
+ We work hard and do our best to provide accurate, good quality
+ translations. However, we are not exempt from imperfection.
+ Please send your comments and general suggestions in this regard
+ to <a href="mailto:web-translators@gnu.org";>
+ <web-translators@gnu.org></a>.</p>
+
+ <p>For information on coordinating and submitting translations of
+ our web pages, see <a
+ href="/server/standards/README.translations.html">Translations
+ README</a>. -->
+Please see the <a
+href="/server/standards/README.translations.html">Translations
+README</a> for information on coordinating and submitting translations
+of this article.</p>
+</div>
+
+<!-- Regarding copyright, in general, standalone pages (as opposed to
+ files generated as part of manuals) on the GNU web server should
+ be under CC BY-ND 4.0. Please do NOT change or remove this
+ without talking with the webmasters or licensing team first.
+ Please make sure the copyright date is consistent with the
+ document. For web pages, it is ok to list just the latest year the
+ document was modified, or published.
+
+ If you wish to list earlier years, that is ok too.
+ Either "2001, 2002, 2003" or "2001-2003" are ok for specifying
+ years, as long as each year in the range is in fact a copyrightable
+ year, i.e., a year in which the document was published (including
+ being publicly visible on the web or in a revision control system).
+
+ There is more detail about copyright years in the GNU Maintainers
+ Information document, www.gnu.org/prep/maintain. -->
+
+<p>Copyright © 1998, 1999, 2000, 2001, 2006, 2008, 2011, 2012,
+2013, 2014, 2016 Free Software Foundation, Inc.</p>
+
+<p>This page is licensed under a <a rel="license"
+href="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nd/4.0/";>Creative
+Commons Attribution-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License</a>.</p>
+
+<!--#include virtual="/server/bottom-notes.html" -->
+
+<p class="unprintable">Updated:
+<!-- timestamp start -->
+$Date: 2021/12/30 10:33:43 $
+<!-- timestamp end -->
+</p>
+</div>
+</div>
+</body>
+</html>
| [Prev in Thread] |
Current Thread |
[Next in Thread] |
- www education/po/how-i-fought-to-graduate-witho...,
GNUN <=