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www/philosophy open-source-misses-the-point.zh-...


From: GNUN
Subject: www/philosophy open-source-misses-the-point.zh-...
Date: Thu, 23 Dec 2021 22:00:04 -0500 (EST)

CVSROOT:        /web/www
Module name:    www
Changes by:     GNUN <gnun>     21/12/23 22:00:04

Modified files:
        philosophy     : open-source-misses-the-point.zh-cn.html 
                         who-does-that-server-really-serve.zh-cn.html 
        philosophy/po  : open-source-misses-the-point.zh-cn-en.html 
                         open-source-misses-the-point.zh-cn.po 
                         who-does-that-server-really-serve.zh-cn-en.html 
                         who-does-that-server-really-serve.zh-cn.po 

Log message:
        Automatic update by GNUnited Nations.

CVSWeb URLs:
http://web.cvs.savannah.gnu.org/viewcvs/www/philosophy/open-source-misses-the-point.zh-cn.html?cvsroot=www&r1=1.35&r2=1.36
http://web.cvs.savannah.gnu.org/viewcvs/www/philosophy/who-does-that-server-really-serve.zh-cn.html?cvsroot=www&r1=1.8&r2=1.9
http://web.cvs.savannah.gnu.org/viewcvs/www/philosophy/po/open-source-misses-the-point.zh-cn-en.html?cvsroot=www&r1=1.26&r2=1.27
http://web.cvs.savannah.gnu.org/viewcvs/www/philosophy/po/open-source-misses-the-point.zh-cn.po?cvsroot=www&r1=1.83&r2=1.84
http://web.cvs.savannah.gnu.org/viewcvs/www/philosophy/po/who-does-that-server-really-serve.zh-cn-en.html?cvsroot=www&r1=1.7&r2=1.8
http://web.cvs.savannah.gnu.org/viewcvs/www/philosophy/po/who-does-that-server-really-serve.zh-cn.po?cvsroot=www&r1=1.24&r2=1.25

Patches:
Index: open-source-misses-the-point.zh-cn.html
===================================================================
RCS file: /web/www/www/philosophy/open-source-misses-the-point.zh-cn.html,v
retrieving revision 1.35
retrieving revision 1.36
diff -u -b -r1.35 -r1.36
--- open-source-misses-the-point.zh-cn.html     14 Sep 2021 02:02:45 -0000      
1.35
+++ open-source-misses-the-point.zh-cn.html     24 Dec 2021 03:00:02 -0000      
1.36
@@ -53,8 +53,8 @@
 
 <h3>实践中,开源与自由软件的区别</h3>
 
-<p>在实践中,开源的要求比自由软件宽松一些。据我们所知,迄今发布的自由软件源代ç
 éƒ½æ˜¯å¼€æºè½¯ä»¶ã€‚尽管大多数开源软件也同æ 
·æ˜¯è‡ªç”±è½¯ä»¶ï¼Œä½†ä¼šæœ‰ä¸€äº›ä¾‹å¤–。首å…
ˆï¼Œæœ‰äº›å¼€æºè®¸å¯è¯å¯¹ç”¨æˆ·è¿‡äºŽè‹›åˆ»ï¼Œå®ƒä»¬å°±æ²¡æœ‰è¢«åˆ—为自由软件。比如,&ldquo;Open
-Watcom&rdquo;就非自由的,因为其许可证不å…
è®¸ä¿®æ”¹è¯¥è½¯ä»¶å’Œç§è‡ªä½¿ç”¨è¯¥è½¯ä»¶ã€‚幸运的是,很少软件会使用这些许可证。</p>
+<p>在实践中,开源的要求比自由软件宽松一些。据我们所知,迄今发布的自由软件源代ç
 éƒ½æ˜¯å¼€æºè½¯ä»¶ã€‚尽管大多数开源软件也同æ 
·æ˜¯è‡ªç”±è½¯ä»¶ï¼Œä½†ä¼šæœ‰ä¸€äº›ä¾‹å¤–。首å…
ˆï¼Œæœ‰äº›å¼€æºè®¸å¯è¯å¯¹ç”¨æˆ·è¿‡äºŽè‹›åˆ»ï¼Œå®ƒä»¬å°±æ²¡æœ‰è¢«åˆ—为自由软件。比如,Open
+Watcom 就非自由的,因为其许可证不å…
è®¸ä¿®æ”¹è¯¥è½¯ä»¶å’Œç§è‡ªä½¿ç”¨è¯¥è½¯ä»¶ã€‚幸运的是,很少软件会使用这些许可证。</p>
 
 <p>其次,当一个程序的源代码使用的是弱许可证,而非 
copyleft,那么其可执行文件就能够附加
额外的非自由条款。例如,<a
 href="https://code.visualstudio.com/License/";>微软对 Visual Studio
@@ -79,9 +79,11 @@
 Software)。</p>
 
 <p><a
-href="https://opensource.org/osd";>&ldquo;开源软件&rdquo;的官方定义</a>(它是由开源促进会发布的,鉴于这个定义过长,就不在本文中å
…
¨éƒ¨å¼•ç”¨äº†ï¼‰æ˜¯ç›´æŽ¥ä»Žæˆ‘们对于自由软件的界定衍生而来。不过二è€
…
也有不同,在某些方面,开源软件的定义比自由软件更宽松。不过总体而言,开源软件的定义和我们自由软件的定义在很多地方都是等价的。</p>
+href="https://opensource.org/osd";>开源软件的官方定义</a>(它是由开源促进会发布的,鉴于这个定义过长,就不在本文中å
…
¨éƒ¨å¼•ç”¨äº†ï¼‰æ˜¯ç›´æŽ¥ä»Žæˆ‘们对于自由软件的界定衍生而来。不过二è€
…
也有不同,在某些方面,开源软件的定义比自由软件更宽松。不过总体而言,开源软件的定义和我们自由软件的定义在很多地方都是等价的。</p>
 
-<p>可是,&ldquo;开源软件&rdquo;的字面意思&mdash;同æ 
·ä¹Ÿæ˜¯äººä»¬æ™®éä»¥ä¸ºçš„意思&mdash;是&ldquo;你可以看到源代ç 
&rdquo;。这æ 
·çš„意思比起自由软件定义来说要宽松的多,也比开源软件的定义宽松多。这æ
 ·çš„字面意思囊括了很多既非自由也非开源的软件。</p>
+<p>可是,&ldquo;开源软件&rdquo;的字面意思&mdash;&mdash;同æ 
·ä¹Ÿæ˜¯äººä»¬æ™®éä»¥ä¸ºçš„意思&mdash;&mdash;是&ldquo;ä½ 
可以看到源代码&rdquo;。这æ 
·çš„意思比起自由软件定义来说要宽松得多,也比开源软件的定义宽松得多。这æ
 ·çš„字面意思囊括了很多既非自由也非开源的软件。</p>
+
+<p>为什么人们会有这种误解呢? 原因就是 &ldquo;开源&rdquo; 
一词的字面意思。但是开源理念本来推广的是自由软件的另外一种说法。</p>
 
 <p>由于&ldquo;开源&rdquo;一词的字面意思与开源支持者
的本意不同,导致很多人误解了这个词。这里引用一段Neal
 Stephenson文章
中的话,&ldquo;Linux是&lsquo;开源&rsquo;软件,意思很简单,就是任何人都可以获得它的源代ç
 &rdquo;。我觉得Stephenson先生并非有意拒绝或者
曲解开源软件的官方定义。恐怕他仅仅
是望文生义,可惜误会了开源这词。<a
@@ -135,7 +137,7 @@
 
 <h3>令人生畏的自由</h3>
 
-<p>当年那些人之所以从自由软件运动中分裂出来,发起开源软件运动,主要原å›
 å°±æ˜¯å› 
为&ldquo;自由软件&rdquo;的道德基础让不少人如坐针毡。的确如此,倘若说起道德,比如用户的自由,开发è€
…
的责任等等,往往会迫使人们去思考一些常被忽视的问题,好比说某些行为是否符合道德规范。这种说教确实会让人心生不快,有些人则å›
 
此把它们抛诸脑后,从此不闻不问。但这并非意味着,每当论及道德,我们就该退避三舍,闭口不谈。</p>
+<p>当年那些人之所以从自由软件运动中分裂出来,发起开源软件运动,主要原å›
 å°±æ˜¯å› 
为自由软件的道德基础让不少人如坐针毡。的确如此,倘若说起道德,比如用户的自由,开发è€
…
的责任等等,往往会迫使人们去思考一些常被忽视的问题,好比说某些行为是否符合道德规范。这种说教确实会让人心生不快,有些人则å›
 
此把它们抛诸脑后,从此不闻不问。但这并非意味着,每当论及道德,我们就该退避三舍,闭口不谈。</p>
 
 <p>遗憾的是,开源的领导者
们恰恰是选择忽视了这些问题。他们意识到,只要在道德和自由方面è£
…
聋作哑,转而只讨论某些自由软件当下可以创收多少效益,就没准能让他们更高效地&ldquo;卖&rdquo;软件给一些特定用户,尤å
…¶æ˜¯å•†ä¸šç”¨æˆ·ã€‚</p>
 
@@ -156,7 +158,7 @@
 
 <h3>思想的对手</h3>
 
-<p>&ldquo;自由&rdquo;和&ldquo;开放&rdquo;是一对思想的对手。&ldquo;自由软件&rdquo;和&ldquo;开源&rdquo;却是不同的概念,虽然从大多数人看å¾
…软件的眼光来看,它们讨论的是同一个概念。当人们习
惯于用&ldquo;开源&rdquo;表达和思考时,他们对自由软件运动哲学的理解和思考就受到了阻碍。如果他们已经把我们以及我们的软件和&ldquo;开放&rdquo;一词å
…
³è”起来,那么在他们意识到我们的立场<em>有所不同</em>之前,我们就应该在思想上为他们敲响警钟。一切宣ä¼
 
&ldquo;开放&rdquo;一词的活动都会倾向于遮掩自由软件运动的意义。</p>
+<p>&ldquo;自由&rdquo;和&ldquo;开放&rdquo;是一对思想的对手。;自由软件和开源却是不同的概念,虽然从大多数人看å¾
…软件的眼光来看,它们讨论的是同一个概念。当人们习
惯于用&ldquo;开源&rdquo;表达和思考时,他们对自由软件运动哲学的理解和思考就受到了阻碍。如果他们已经把我们以及我们的软件和&ldquo;开放&rdquo;一词å
…
³è”起来,那么在他们意识到我们的立场<em>有所不同</em>之前,我们就应该在思想上为他们敲响警钟。一切宣ä¼
 
&ldquo;开放&rdquo;一词的活动都会倾向于遮掩自由软件运动的意义。</p>
 
 
<p>所以,自由软件活动家都会被建议不要参与自称&ldquo;开放&rdquo;的活动。即使该活动本身是好的,ä½
 
的每次参与都会由于推动了开源的概念而伤害到自由软件运动。有许多活动是&ldquo;自由&rdquo;或&ldquo;libre。&rdquo;ä½
 
的每次参与都会对自由软件运动是正面的支持。有这么多项目可选,为什么不选那些多些正面支持的呢?</p>
 
@@ -250,7 +252,7 @@
 <p class="unprintable"><!-- timestamp start -->
 最后更新:
 
-$Date: 2021/09/14 02:02:45 $
+$Date: 2021/12/24 03:00:02 $
 
 <!-- timestamp end -->
 </p>

Index: who-does-that-server-really-serve.zh-cn.html
===================================================================
RCS file: /web/www/www/philosophy/who-does-that-server-really-serve.zh-cn.html,v
retrieving revision 1.8
retrieving revision 1.9
diff -u -b -r1.8 -r1.9
--- who-does-that-server-really-serve.zh-cn.html        8 Oct 2021 08:02:56 
-0000       1.8
+++ who-does-that-server-really-serve.zh-cn.html        24 Dec 2021 03:00:02 
-0000      1.9
@@ -117,7 +117,9 @@
 
 <p>究å…
¶æœ¬è´¨ï¼Œç¤¾äº¤ç½‘络是一种沟通和出版的形式,不是SaaSS。然而,如果一个服务的主要设施是社交网络的话,它就可能带有SaaSS的功能和扩展。</p>
 
-<p>如果一项服务不是SaaSS,并不意味着它就没有问题。服务有å
…
¶ä»–的道德问题。比如,Facebook使用Flash发布视频,就是迫使用户使用非自由软件;它要求使用非自由的JavaScript代ç
 
ï¼›å¹¶ä¸”它通过让用户展示自己的生活来误导他们对隐私的感觉。这些都是重要的问题,不过不同于SaaSS。</p>
+<p>如果一项服务不是SaaSS,并不意味着它就没有问题。服务有å
…¶ä»–的道德问题。比如,Facebook 要求使用非自由的 JavaScript
+代ç 
ï¼Œå¹¶ä¸”它通过让用户展示自己的生活来误导他们对隐私的感觉。这些都是重要的问题,不过不同于SaaSS。
+</p>
 
 <p>搜索引擎之类的服务是从网络上收集数据并让你
查看。查看他们收集的数据不是普通意义上的用户计算活动&mdash;ä½
 
并没有提供这个收集活动&mdash;所以使用此类网络搜索不是SaaSS。然而,使用å
…¶ä»–人的服务器为你
自己的网站部署搜索设施<em>是</em>SaaSS。</p>
 
@@ -251,7 +253,7 @@
 <p class="unprintable"><!-- timestamp start -->
 最后更新:
 
-$Date: 2021/10/08 08:02:56 $
+$Date: 2021/12/24 03:00:02 $
 
 <!-- timestamp end -->
 </p>

Index: po/open-source-misses-the-point.zh-cn-en.html
===================================================================
RCS file: 
/web/www/www/philosophy/po/open-source-misses-the-point.zh-cn-en.html,v
retrieving revision 1.26
retrieving revision 1.27
diff -u -b -r1.26 -r1.27
--- po/open-source-misses-the-point.zh-cn-en.html       8 Oct 2021 08:32:51 
-0000       1.26
+++ po/open-source-misses-the-point.zh-cn-en.html       24 Dec 2021 03:00:04 
-0000      1.27
@@ -121,7 +121,7 @@
 software source code would qualify as open source.  Nearly all open
 source software is free software, but there are exceptions.  First,
 some open source licenses are too restrictive, so they do not qualify
-as free licenses.  For example, &ldquo;Open Watcom&rdquo; is nonfree
+as free licenses.  For example, Open Watcom is nonfree
 because its license does not allow making a modified version and using
 it privately.  Fortunately, few programs use such licenses.</p>
 
@@ -177,18 +177,25 @@
 this includes &ldquo;open source software.&rdquo;</p>
 
 <p>The <a href="https://opensource.org/osd";>official definition of
-&ldquo;open source software&rdquo;</a> (which is published by the Open
+open source software</a> (which is published by the Open
 Source Initiative and is too long to include here) was derived
 indirectly from our criteria for free software.  It is not the same;
 it is a little looser in some respects.  Nonetheless, their definition
 agrees with our definition in most cases.</p>
 
 <p>However, the obvious meaning for the expression &ldquo;open source
-software&rdquo;&mdash;and the one most people seem to think it
-means&mdash;is &ldquo;You can look at the source code.&rdquo; That
-criterion is much weaker than the free software definition, much
-weaker also than the official definition of open source.  It includes
-many programs that are neither free nor open source.</p>
+software&rdquo; is &ldquo;You can look at the source code.&rdquo;
+Indeed, most people seem to misunderstand &ldquo;open source
+software&rdquo; that way.  (The clear term for that meaning is
+&ldquo;source available.&rdquo;) That criterion is much weaker than
+the free software definition, much weaker also than the official
+definition of open source.  It includes many programs that are neither
+free nor open source.</p>
+
+<p>Why do people misunderstand it that way?  Because that is the
+natural meaning of the words &ldquo;open source.&rdquo; But the
+concept for which the open source advocates sought another meaning was
+that of free software.</p>
 
 <p>Since the obvious meaning for &ldquo;open source&rdquo; is not the
 meaning that its advocates intend, the result is that most people
@@ -334,7 +341,7 @@
 
 <p>The main initial motivation of those who split off the open source
 camp from the free software movement was that the ethical ideas of
-&ldquo;free software&rdquo; made some people uneasy.  That's true: raising 
+free software made some people uneasy.  That's true: raising 
 ethical issues such as freedom, talking about responsibilities as well as
 convenience, is asking people to think about things they might prefer
 to ignore, such as whether their conduct is ethical.  This can trigger
@@ -404,7 +411,7 @@
 <h3>Rivals for Mindshare</h3>
 
 <p>&ldquo;Free&rdquo; and &ldquo;open&rdquo; are rivals for mindshare.
-&ldquo;Free software&rdquo; and &ldquo;open source&rdquo; are
+Free software and open source are
 different ideas but, in most people's way of looking at software, they
 compete for the same conceptual slot.  When people become habituated
 to saying and thinking &ldquo;open source,&rdquo; that is an obstacle
@@ -511,7 +518,7 @@
 
 <p class="unprintable">Updated:
 <!-- timestamp start -->
-$Date: 2021/10/08 08:32:51 $
+$Date: 2021/12/24 03:00:04 $
 <!-- timestamp end -->
 </p>
 </div>

Index: po/open-source-misses-the-point.zh-cn.po
===================================================================
RCS file: /web/www/www/philosophy/po/open-source-misses-the-point.zh-cn.po,v
retrieving revision 1.83
retrieving revision 1.84
diff -u -b -r1.83 -r1.84
--- po/open-source-misses-the-point.zh-cn.po    24 Dec 2021 02:36:39 -0000      
1.83
+++ po/open-source-misses-the-point.zh-cn.po    24 Dec 2021 03:00:04 -0000      
1.84
@@ -15,7 +15,6 @@
 "MIME-Version: 1.0\n"
 "Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8\n"
 "Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit\n"
-"X-Outdated-Since: 2021-12-23 00:25+0000\n"
 
 #. type: Content of: <title>
 msgid ""

Index: po/who-does-that-server-really-serve.zh-cn-en.html
===================================================================
RCS file: 
/web/www/www/philosophy/po/who-does-that-server-really-serve.zh-cn-en.html,v
retrieving revision 1.7
retrieving revision 1.8
diff -u -b -r1.7 -r1.8
--- po/who-does-that-server-really-serve.zh-cn-en.html  8 Oct 2021 08:02:56 
-0000       1.7
+++ po/who-does-that-server-really-serve.zh-cn-en.html  24 Dec 2021 03:00:04 
-0000      1.8
@@ -268,12 +268,11 @@
 social networking can have features or extensions which are SaaSS.</p>
 
 <p>If a service is not SaaSS, that does not mean it is OK.  There are
-other ethical issues about services.  For instance, Facebook
-distributes video in Flash, which pressures users to run nonfree
-software; it requires running nonfree JavaScript code; and it gives
-users a misleading impression of privacy while luring them into baring
-their lives to Facebook.  Those are important issues, different from
-the SaaSS issue.</p>
+other ethical issues about services.  For instance, Facebook requires
+running nonfree JavaScript code, and it gives users a misleading
+impression of privacy while luring them into baring their lives to
+Facebook.  Those are important issues, different from the SaaSS issue.
+</p>
 
 <p>Services such as search engines collect data from around the web
 and let you examine it.  Looking through their collection of data
@@ -494,7 +493,7 @@
 
 <p class="unprintable">Updated:
 <!-- timestamp start -->
-$Date: 2021/10/08 08:02:56 $
+$Date: 2021/12/24 03:00:04 $
 <!-- timestamp end -->
 </p>
 </div>

Index: po/who-does-that-server-really-serve.zh-cn.po
===================================================================
RCS file: 
/web/www/www/philosophy/po/who-does-that-server-really-serve.zh-cn.po,v
retrieving revision 1.24
retrieving revision 1.25
diff -u -b -r1.24 -r1.25
--- po/who-does-that-server-really-serve.zh-cn.po       24 Dec 2021 02:37:13 
-0000      1.24
+++ po/who-does-that-server-really-serve.zh-cn.po       24 Dec 2021 03:00:04 
-0000      1.25
@@ -14,7 +14,6 @@
 "MIME-Version: 1.0\n"
 "Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8\n"
 "Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit\n"
-"X-Outdated-Since: 2021-12-23 00:25+0000\n"
 
 #. type: Content of: <title>
 msgid ""
@@ -88,11 +87,11 @@
 msgid ""
 "Our solution to this problem is developing <em>free software</em> and "
 "rejecting proprietary software.  Free software means that you, as a user, "
-"have four essential freedoms: (0)&nbsp;to run the program as you wish, "
-"(1)&nbsp;to study and change the source code so it does what you wish, "
-"(2)&nbsp;to redistribute exact copies, and (3)&nbsp;to redistribute copies "
-"of your modified versions.  (See the <a href=\"/philosophy/free-sw.html"
-"\">free software definition</a>.)"
+"have four essential freedoms: (0)&nbsp;to run the program as you wish, (1)"
+"&nbsp;to study and change the source code so it does what you wish, (2)&nbsp;"
+"to redistribute exact copies, and (3)&nbsp;to redistribute copies of your "
+"modified versions.  (See the <a href=\"/philosophy/free-sw.html\">free "
+"software definition</a>.)"
 msgstr ""
 
"我们对此的解决方案是开发<em>自由软件</em>并拒绝专有软件。自由软件意味着,ä½
 ï¼Œ"
 "作为一个用户,拥有四项基本自由:(0)&nbsp;按ç…
§è‡ªå·±çš„意愿运行该软件,(1)&nbsp;"



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