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www distros/free-system-distribution-guidelines...
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From: |
GNUN |
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Subject: |
www distros/free-system-distribution-guidelines... |
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Date: |
Sat, 30 Oct 2021 07:32:48 -0400 (EDT) |
CVSROOT: /web/www
Module name: www
Changes by: GNUN <gnun> 21/10/30 07:32:48
Modified files:
distros : free-system-distribution-guidelines.de.html
free-system-distribution-guidelines.it.html
free-system-distribution-guidelines.ml.html
free-system-distribution-guidelines.pl.html
free-system-distribution-guidelines.ro.html
free-system-distribution-guidelines.uk.html
distros/po :
free-system-distribution-guidelines.de-diff.html
free-system-distribution-guidelines.it-diff.html
free-system-distribution-guidelines.pl-diff.html
free-system-distribution-guidelines.ro-diff.html
free-system-distribution-guidelines.uk-diff.html
encyclopedia : free-encyclopedia.de.html
free-encyclopedia.it.html
encyclopedia/po: free-encyclopedia.de-diff.html
Added files:
distros/po :
free-system-distribution-guidelines.ml-diff.html
encyclopedia/po: free-encyclopedia.it-diff.html
Log message:
Automatic update by GNUnited Nations.
CVSWeb URLs:
http://web.cvs.savannah.gnu.org/viewcvs/www/distros/free-system-distribution-guidelines.de.html?cvsroot=www&r1=1.67&r2=1.68
http://web.cvs.savannah.gnu.org/viewcvs/www/distros/free-system-distribution-guidelines.it.html?cvsroot=www&r1=1.56&r2=1.57
http://web.cvs.savannah.gnu.org/viewcvs/www/distros/free-system-distribution-guidelines.ml.html?cvsroot=www&r1=1.19&r2=1.20
http://web.cvs.savannah.gnu.org/viewcvs/www/distros/free-system-distribution-guidelines.pl.html?cvsroot=www&r1=1.52&r2=1.53
http://web.cvs.savannah.gnu.org/viewcvs/www/distros/free-system-distribution-guidelines.ro.html?cvsroot=www&r1=1.13&r2=1.14
http://web.cvs.savannah.gnu.org/viewcvs/www/distros/free-system-distribution-guidelines.uk.html?cvsroot=www&r1=1.18&r2=1.19
http://web.cvs.savannah.gnu.org/viewcvs/www/distros/po/free-system-distribution-guidelines.de-diff.html?cvsroot=www&r1=1.5&r2=1.6
http://web.cvs.savannah.gnu.org/viewcvs/www/distros/po/free-system-distribution-guidelines.it-diff.html?cvsroot=www&r1=1.4&r2=1.5
http://web.cvs.savannah.gnu.org/viewcvs/www/distros/po/free-system-distribution-guidelines.pl-diff.html?cvsroot=www&r1=1.8&r2=1.9
http://web.cvs.savannah.gnu.org/viewcvs/www/distros/po/free-system-distribution-guidelines.ro-diff.html?cvsroot=www&r1=1.25&r2=1.26
http://web.cvs.savannah.gnu.org/viewcvs/www/distros/po/free-system-distribution-guidelines.uk-diff.html?cvsroot=www&r1=1.3&r2=1.4
http://web.cvs.savannah.gnu.org/viewcvs/www/distros/po/free-system-distribution-guidelines.ml-diff.html?cvsroot=www&rev=1.1
http://web.cvs.savannah.gnu.org/viewcvs/www/encyclopedia/free-encyclopedia.de.html?cvsroot=www&r1=1.47&r2=1.48
http://web.cvs.savannah.gnu.org/viewcvs/www/encyclopedia/free-encyclopedia.it.html?cvsroot=www&r1=1.30&r2=1.31
http://web.cvs.savannah.gnu.org/viewcvs/www/encyclopedia/po/free-encyclopedia.de-diff.html?cvsroot=www&r1=1.4&r2=1.5
http://web.cvs.savannah.gnu.org/viewcvs/www/encyclopedia/po/free-encyclopedia.it-diff.html?cvsroot=www&rev=1.1
Patches:
Index: distros/free-system-distribution-guidelines.de.html
===================================================================
RCS file: /web/www/www/distros/free-system-distribution-guidelines.de.html,v
retrieving revision 1.67
retrieving revision 1.68
diff -u -b -r1.67 -r1.68
--- distros/free-system-distribution-guidelines.de.html 25 Jul 2020 21:29:11
-0000 1.67
+++ distros/free-system-distribution-guidelines.de.html 30 Oct 2021 11:32:44
-0000 1.68
@@ -1,4 +1,9 @@
-<!--#set var="ENGLISH_PAGE"
value="/distros/free-system-distribution-guidelines.en.html" -->
+<!--#set var="PO_FILE"
+ value='<a href="/distros/po/free-system-distribution-guidelines.de.po">
+ https://www.gnu.org/distros/po/free-system-distribution-guidelines.de.po</a>'
+ --><!--#set var="ORIGINAL_FILE"
value="/distros/free-system-distribution-guidelines.html"
+ --><!--#set var="DIFF_FILE"
value="/distros/po/free-system-distribution-guidelines.de-diff.html"
+ --><!--#set var="OUTDATED_SINCE" value="2021-08-31" --><!--#set
var="ENGLISH_PAGE" value="/distros/free-system-distribution-guidelines.en.html"
-->
<!--#include virtual="/server/header.de.html" -->
<!-- Parent-Version: 1.86 -->
@@ -12,6 +17,7 @@
<!--#include
virtual="/distros/po/free-system-distribution-guidelines.translist" -->
<!--#include virtual="/server/banner.de.html" -->
+<!--#include virtual="/server/outdated.de.html" -->
<h2>Richtlinien für freie Systemverteilungen</h2>
<!--#include virtual="/licenses/fsf-licensing.de.html" -->
@@ -405,7 +411,7 @@
<p class="unprintable"><!-- timestamp start -->
Letzte Ãnderung:
-$Date: 2020/07/25 21:29:11 $
+$Date: 2021/10/30 11:32:44 $
<!-- timestamp end -->
</p>
Index: distros/free-system-distribution-guidelines.it.html
===================================================================
RCS file: /web/www/www/distros/free-system-distribution-guidelines.it.html,v
retrieving revision 1.56
retrieving revision 1.57
diff -u -b -r1.56 -r1.57
--- distros/free-system-distribution-guidelines.it.html 30 Apr 2021 06:36:09
-0000 1.56
+++ distros/free-system-distribution-guidelines.it.html 30 Oct 2021 11:32:47
-0000 1.57
@@ -1,4 +1,9 @@
-<!--#set var="ENGLISH_PAGE"
value="/distros/free-system-distribution-guidelines.en.html" -->
+<!--#set var="PO_FILE"
+ value='<a href="/distros/po/free-system-distribution-guidelines.it.po">
+ https://www.gnu.org/distros/po/free-system-distribution-guidelines.it.po</a>'
+ --><!--#set var="ORIGINAL_FILE"
value="/distros/free-system-distribution-guidelines.html"
+ --><!--#set var="DIFF_FILE"
value="/distros/po/free-system-distribution-guidelines.it-diff.html"
+ --><!--#set var="OUTDATED_SINCE" value="2021-08-31" --><!--#set
var="ENGLISH_PAGE" value="/distros/free-system-distribution-guidelines.en.html"
-->
<!--#include virtual="/server/header.it.html" -->
<!-- Parent-Version: 1.86 -->
@@ -12,6 +17,7 @@
<!--#include
virtual="/distros/po/free-system-distribution-guidelines.translist" -->
<!--#include virtual="/server/banner.it.html" -->
+<!--#include virtual="/server/outdated.it.html" -->
<h2>Linee guida per distribuzioni di sistema libere (GNU FSDG)</h2>
<!--#include virtual="/licenses/fsf-licensing.it.html" -->
@@ -382,7 +388,7 @@
<p class="unprintable"><!-- timestamp start -->
Ultimo aggiornamento:
-$Date: 2021/04/30 06:36:09 $
+$Date: 2021/10/30 11:32:47 $
<!-- timestamp end -->
</p>
Index: distros/free-system-distribution-guidelines.ml.html
===================================================================
RCS file: /web/www/www/distros/free-system-distribution-guidelines.ml.html,v
retrieving revision 1.19
retrieving revision 1.20
diff -u -b -r1.19 -r1.20
--- distros/free-system-distribution-guidelines.ml.html 3 May 2020 17:32:36
-0000 1.19
+++ distros/free-system-distribution-guidelines.ml.html 30 Oct 2021 11:32:47
-0000 1.20
@@ -1,4 +1,9 @@
-<!--#set var="ENGLISH_PAGE"
value="/distros/free-system-distribution-guidelines.en.html" -->
+<!--#set var="PO_FILE"
+ value='<a href="/distros/po/free-system-distribution-guidelines.ml.po">
+ https://www.gnu.org/distros/po/free-system-distribution-guidelines.ml.po</a>'
+ --><!--#set var="ORIGINAL_FILE"
value="/distros/free-system-distribution-guidelines.html"
+ --><!--#set var="DIFF_FILE"
value="/distros/po/free-system-distribution-guidelines.ml-diff.html"
+ --><!--#set var="OUTDATED_SINCE" value="2021-08-31" --><!--#set
var="ENGLISH_PAGE" value="/distros/free-system-distribution-guidelines.en.html"
-->
<!--#include virtual="/server/header.ml.html" -->
<!-- Parent-Version: 1.86 -->
@@ -12,6 +17,7 @@
<!--#include
virtual="/distros/po/free-system-distribution-guidelines.translist" -->
<!--#include virtual="/server/banner.ml.html" -->
+<!--#include virtual="/server/outdated.ml.html" -->
<h2>à´¸àµà´µà´¤à´¨àµà´¤àµà´°
വിതരണà´àµà´àµ¾à´àµà´à´¾à´¯àµà´³àµà´³
മാരàµâà´àµà´à´¨à´¿à´°àµâà´¦àµà´¦àµà´¶à´àµà´à´³àµâ (GNU
FSDG)</h2>
<!--#include virtual="/licenses/fsf-licensing.ml.html" -->
@@ -408,7 +414,7 @@
<p class="unprintable"><!-- timestamp start -->
à´ªàµà´¤àµà´àµà´à´¿à´¯à´¤àµàµ:
-$Date: 2020/05/03 17:32:36 $
+$Date: 2021/10/30 11:32:47 $
<!-- timestamp end -->
</p>
Index: distros/free-system-distribution-guidelines.pl.html
===================================================================
RCS file: /web/www/www/distros/free-system-distribution-guidelines.pl.html,v
retrieving revision 1.52
retrieving revision 1.53
diff -u -b -r1.52 -r1.53
--- distros/free-system-distribution-guidelines.pl.html 1 Dec 2020 21:31:00
-0000 1.52
+++ distros/free-system-distribution-guidelines.pl.html 30 Oct 2021 11:32:47
-0000 1.53
@@ -1,4 +1,9 @@
-<!--#set var="ENGLISH_PAGE"
value="/distros/free-system-distribution-guidelines.en.html" -->
+<!--#set var="PO_FILE"
+ value='<a href="/distros/po/free-system-distribution-guidelines.pl.po">
+ https://www.gnu.org/distros/po/free-system-distribution-guidelines.pl.po</a>'
+ --><!--#set var="ORIGINAL_FILE"
value="/distros/free-system-distribution-guidelines.html"
+ --><!--#set var="DIFF_FILE"
value="/distros/po/free-system-distribution-guidelines.pl-diff.html"
+ --><!--#set var="OUTDATED_SINCE" value="2021-08-31" --><!--#set
var="ENGLISH_PAGE" value="/distros/free-system-distribution-guidelines.en.html"
-->
<!--#include virtual="/server/header.pl.html" -->
<!-- Parent-Version: 1.86 -->
@@ -12,6 +17,7 @@
<!--#include
virtual="/distros/po/free-system-distribution-guidelines.translist" -->
<!--#include virtual="/server/banner.pl.html" -->
+<!--#include virtual="/server/outdated.pl.html" -->
<h2>Wytyczne dla wolnych systemów dystrybucji [<em>Free System Distribution
Guidelines (GNU FSDG)</em>]</h2>
@@ -398,7 +404,7 @@
<p class="unprintable"><!-- timestamp start -->
Aktualizowane:
-$Date: 2020/12/01 21:31:00 $
+$Date: 2021/10/30 11:32:47 $
<!-- timestamp end -->
</p>
Index: distros/free-system-distribution-guidelines.ro.html
===================================================================
RCS file: /web/www/www/distros/free-system-distribution-guidelines.ro.html,v
retrieving revision 1.13
retrieving revision 1.14
diff -u -b -r1.13 -r1.14
--- distros/free-system-distribution-guidelines.ro.html 31 May 2021 09:06:16
-0000 1.13
+++ distros/free-system-distribution-guidelines.ro.html 30 Oct 2021 11:32:47
-0000 1.14
@@ -1,4 +1,9 @@
-<!--#set var="ENGLISH_PAGE"
value="/distros/free-system-distribution-guidelines.en.html" -->
+<!--#set var="PO_FILE"
+ value='<a href="/distros/po/free-system-distribution-guidelines.ro.po">
+ https://www.gnu.org/distros/po/free-system-distribution-guidelines.ro.po</a>'
+ --><!--#set var="ORIGINAL_FILE"
value="/distros/free-system-distribution-guidelines.html"
+ --><!--#set var="DIFF_FILE"
value="/distros/po/free-system-distribution-guidelines.ro-diff.html"
+ --><!--#set var="OUTDATED_SINCE" value="2021-08-31" --><!--#set
var="ENGLISH_PAGE" value="/distros/free-system-distribution-guidelines.en.html"
-->
<!--#include virtual="/server/header.ro.html" -->
<!-- Parent-Version: 1.86 -->
@@ -12,6 +17,7 @@
<!--#include
virtual="/distros/po/free-system-distribution-guidelines.translist" -->
<!--#include virtual="/server/banner.ro.html" -->
+<!--#include virtual="/server/outdated.ro.html" -->
<h2>RecomandÄri pentru distribuÈiile de sistem libere</h2>
<!--#include virtual="/licenses/fsf-licensing.ro.html" -->
@@ -386,7 +392,7 @@
<p class="unprintable"><!-- timestamp start -->
ActualizatÄ:
-$Date: 2021/05/31 09:06:16 $
+$Date: 2021/10/30 11:32:47 $
<!-- timestamp end -->
</p>
Index: distros/free-system-distribution-guidelines.uk.html
===================================================================
RCS file: /web/www/www/distros/free-system-distribution-guidelines.uk.html,v
retrieving revision 1.18
retrieving revision 1.19
diff -u -b -r1.18 -r1.19
--- distros/free-system-distribution-guidelines.uk.html 30 May 2021 08:30:56
-0000 1.18
+++ distros/free-system-distribution-guidelines.uk.html 30 Oct 2021 11:32:47
-0000 1.19
@@ -1,4 +1,9 @@
-<!--#set var="ENGLISH_PAGE"
value="/distros/free-system-distribution-guidelines.en.html" -->
+<!--#set var="PO_FILE"
+ value='<a href="/distros/po/free-system-distribution-guidelines.uk.po">
+ https://www.gnu.org/distros/po/free-system-distribution-guidelines.uk.po</a>'
+ --><!--#set var="ORIGINAL_FILE"
value="/distros/free-system-distribution-guidelines.html"
+ --><!--#set var="DIFF_FILE"
value="/distros/po/free-system-distribution-guidelines.uk-diff.html"
+ --><!--#set var="OUTDATED_SINCE" value="2021-08-31" --><!--#set
var="ENGLISH_PAGE" value="/distros/free-system-distribution-guidelines.en.html"
-->
<!--#include virtual="/server/header.uk.html" -->
<!-- Parent-Version: 1.86 -->
@@ -12,6 +17,7 @@
<!--#include
virtual="/distros/po/free-system-distribution-guidelines.translist" -->
<!--#include virtual="/server/banner.uk.html" -->
+<!--#include virtual="/server/outdated.uk.html" -->
<h2>РекомендаÑÑÑ Ð´Ð»Ñ Ð´Ð¸ÑÑÑибÑÑивÑв вÑлÑниÑ
ÑиÑÑем (GNU FSDG)</h2>
<!--#include virtual="/licenses/fsf-licensing.uk.html" -->
@@ -371,7 +377,7 @@
<p class="unprintable"><!-- timestamp start -->
Ðновлено:
-$Date: 2021/05/30 08:30:56 $
+$Date: 2021/10/30 11:32:47 $
<!-- timestamp end -->
</p>
Index: distros/po/free-system-distribution-guidelines.de-diff.html
===================================================================
RCS file:
/web/www/www/distros/po/free-system-distribution-guidelines.de-diff.html,v
retrieving revision 1.5
retrieving revision 1.6
diff -u -b -r1.5 -r1.6
--- distros/po/free-system-distribution-guidelines.de-diff.html 30 Jan 2019
13:00:24 -0000 1.5
+++ distros/po/free-system-distribution-guidelines.de-diff.html 30 Oct 2021
11:32:47 -0000 1.6
@@ -11,7 +11,7 @@
</style></head>
<body><pre>
<!--#include virtual="/server/header.html" -->
-<!-- Parent-Version: <span
class="removed"><del><strong>1.84</strong></del></span> <span
class="inserted"><ins><em>1.86</em></ins></span> -->
+<!-- Parent-Version: 1.86 -->
<title>Free System Distribution Guidelines (GNU FSDG) - GNU Project -
Free Software Foundation</title>
<link rel="alternate" title="Free GNU/Linux distributions"
href="http://www.gnu.org/distros/distros.rss";
@@ -32,8 +32,8 @@
are aware of now, but we're sure there are more. We will add them
when we come across them.</p>
-<p>We would like to thank the Fedora Project for their help in focusing
-these policies, and allowing us to use their own distribution license
+<p>We would like to thank the Fedora Project for <span
class="removed"><del><strong>their</strong></del></span> help in focusing
+these policies, and allowing us to use <span
class="removed"><del><strong>their</strong></del></span> <span
class="inserted"><ins><em>its</em></ins></span> own distribution license
guidelines as a basis for this document.</p>
<h3 id="complete-distros">Complete Distros</h3>
@@ -45,15 +45,23 @@
installing other software as well — then it is not listed here,
even if it is free software.</p>
-<p>An exception to this requirement and to the self-hosting
-requirement above is for <em>small system distributions</em>, which
-are distros designed for devices with limited resources, like a
-wireless router for example. Free small system distributions do not
-need to be self-hosting or complete, because it is impractical to do
-development on such a system, but it must be developable and buildable
-on top of a free complete system distribution from our list of
-distributions, perhaps with the aid of free tools distributed
-alongside the small system distribution itself.</p>
+<span class="removed"><del><strong><p>An exception</strong></del></span>
+
+<span class="inserted"><ins><em><p>In particular, a free system
distribution should be self-hosting.
+This means that you must be able</em></ins></span> to <span
class="removed"><del><strong>this requirement</strong></del></span> <span
class="inserted"><ins><em>develop</em></ins></span> and <span
class="removed"><del><strong>to</strong></del></span> <span
class="inserted"><ins><em>build</em></ins></span> the <span
class="removed"><del><strong>self-hosting</strong></del></span> <span
class="inserted"><ins><em>system with
+tools that the system provides you. As a result, a free system
+distribution cannot include free software that can only be built by
+using nonfree software.</p>
+
+<p>We make an exception to this</em></ins></span> requirement <span
class="removed"><del><strong>above is</strong></del></span> for <em>small
system
+distributions</em>, which are distros designed for devices with
+limited resources, like a wireless router for example. Free small
+system distributions do not need to be self-hosting or complete,
+because it is impractical to do development on such a system, but it
+must be developable and buildable on top of a free complete system
+distribution from our list of distributions, perhaps with the aid of
+free tools distributed alongside the small system distribution
+itself.</p>
<h3 id="license-rules">License Rules</h3>
@@ -92,11 +100,22 @@
that implement EME, the browser functionality designed to load DRM
modules.</p>
-<p>A free system distribution should be self-hosting. This means that
-you must be able to develop and build the system with tools that the
-system provides you. As a result, a free system distribution cannot
-include free software that can only be built by using nonfree
-software.</p>
+<span class="removed"><del><strong><p>A free system distribution should
be self-hosting. This means that
+you must be able</strong></del></span>
+
+<span class="inserted"><ins><em><p>Some nonfree distros offer an
installation option</em></ins></span> to <span
class="removed"><del><strong>develop and build</strong></del></span> <span
class="inserted"><ins><em>exclude
+nonfree packages. That option is a step forward, since it makes
+avoiding them much easier, provided</em></ins></span> the <span
class="removed"><del><strong>system with tools that</strong></del></span> <span
class="inserted"><ins><em>distro's implementation of</em></ins></span> the
+<span class="removed"><del><strong>system provides you. As a result, a free
system distribution cannot
+include free</strong></del></span>
+<span class="inserted"><ins><em>option is fully correct. However, the nonfree
packages are
+nonetheless included in the distro. Moreover, we know that most users
+are not strongly committed to</em></ins></span> software <span
class="inserted"><ins><em>freedom, and will not reject
+packages</em></ins></span> that <span class="removed"><del><strong>can only be
built by using</strong></del></span> <span class="inserted"><ins><em>seem handy
just for being nonfree. Practically
+speaking, to list one of these distros as free would mostly lead
+people to install</em></ins></span> nonfree
+<span class="removed"><del><strong>software.</p></strong></del></span>
<span class="inserted"><ins><em>software. For these reasons, we do not list
+them.</p></em></ins></span>
<p>There's a lot of code in most free system distributions today; the
amount of effort it would take to audit it all directly is impractical
@@ -296,8 +315,7 @@
GNU system distributions</a> we know about. If you know about a free
distribution that isn't listed there, please ask its developers write
to <<a class="reference"
-<span
class="removed"><del><strong>href="mailto:licensing@fsf.org">licensing@fsf.org</a>></strong></del></span>
-<span
class="inserted"><ins><em>href="mailto:webmasters@gnu.org">webmasters@gnu.org</a>></em></ins></span>
with a description of
+href="mailto:webmasters@gnu.org">webmasters@gnu.org</a>> with a
description of
their system and a link to their web page.</p>
<p>We also list <a href="/distros/free-non-gnu-distros.html">free
@@ -357,7 +375,7 @@
There is more detail about copyright years in the GNU Maintainers
Information document, www.gnu.org/prep/maintain. -->
-<p>Copyright © 2014, 2015, <span
class="removed"><del><strong>2017</strong></del></span> <span
class="inserted"><ins><em>2017, 2018</em></ins></span> Free Software
Foundation, Inc.</p>
+<p>Copyright © 2014, 2015, 2017, <span
class="removed"><del><strong>2018</strong></del></span> <span
class="inserted"><ins><em>2018, 2021</em></ins></span> Free Software
Foundation, Inc.</p>
<p>This page is licensed under a <a rel="license"
href="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nd/4.0/">Creative
@@ -367,12 +385,11 @@
<p class="unprintable">Updated:
<!-- timestamp start -->
-$Date: 2019/01/30 13:00:24 $
+$Date: 2021/10/30 11:32:47 $
<!-- timestamp end -->
</p>
</div>
-<span class="removed"><del><strong></div></strong></del></span>
-<span class="inserted"><ins><em></div><!-- for class="inner", starts
in the banner include --></em></ins></span>
+</div><!-- for class="inner", starts in the banner include -->
</body>
</html>
</pre></body></html>
Index: distros/po/free-system-distribution-guidelines.it-diff.html
===================================================================
RCS file:
/web/www/www/distros/po/free-system-distribution-guidelines.it-diff.html,v
retrieving revision 1.4
retrieving revision 1.5
diff -u -b -r1.4 -r1.5
--- distros/po/free-system-distribution-guidelines.it-diff.html 15 Dec 2018
14:46:03 -0000 1.4
+++ distros/po/free-system-distribution-guidelines.it-diff.html 30 Oct 2021
11:32:47 -0000 1.5
@@ -11,7 +11,7 @@
</style></head>
<body><pre>
<!--#include virtual="/server/header.html" -->
-<!-- Parent-Version: <span
class="removed"><del><strong>1.84</strong></del></span> <span
class="inserted"><ins><em>1.86</em></ins></span> -->
+<!-- Parent-Version: 1.86 -->
<title>Free System Distribution Guidelines (GNU FSDG) - GNU Project -
Free Software Foundation</title>
<link rel="alternate" title="Free GNU/Linux distributions"
href="http://www.gnu.org/distros/distros.rss";
@@ -32,8 +32,8 @@
are aware of now, but we're sure there are more. We will add them
when we come across them.</p>
-<p>We would like to thank the Fedora Project for their help in focusing
-these policies, and allowing us to use their own distribution license
+<p>We would like to thank the Fedora Project for <span
class="removed"><del><strong>their</strong></del></span> help in focusing
+these policies, and allowing us to use <span
class="removed"><del><strong>their</strong></del></span> <span
class="inserted"><ins><em>its</em></ins></span> own distribution license
guidelines as a basis for this document.</p>
<h3 id="complete-distros">Complete Distros</h3>
@@ -45,15 +45,23 @@
installing other software as well — then it is not listed here,
even if it is free software.</p>
-<p>An exception to this requirement and to the self-hosting
-requirement above is for <em>small system distributions</em>, which
-are distros designed for devices with limited resources, like a
-wireless router for example. Free small system distributions do not
-need to be self-hosting or complete, because it is impractical to do
-development on such a system, but it must be developable and buildable
-on top of a free complete system distribution from our list of
-distributions, perhaps with the aid of free tools distributed
-alongside the small system distribution itself.</p>
+<span class="removed"><del><strong><p>An exception</strong></del></span>
+
+<span class="inserted"><ins><em><p>In particular, a free system
distribution should be self-hosting.
+This means that you must be able</em></ins></span> to <span
class="removed"><del><strong>this requirement</strong></del></span> <span
class="inserted"><ins><em>develop</em></ins></span> and <span
class="removed"><del><strong>to</strong></del></span> <span
class="inserted"><ins><em>build</em></ins></span> the <span
class="removed"><del><strong>self-hosting</strong></del></span> <span
class="inserted"><ins><em>system with
+tools that the system provides you. As a result, a free system
+distribution cannot include free software that can only be built by
+using nonfree software.</p>
+
+<p>We make an exception to this</em></ins></span> requirement <span
class="removed"><del><strong>above is</strong></del></span> for <em>small
system
+distributions</em>, which are distros designed for devices with
+limited resources, like a wireless router for example. Free small
+system distributions do not need to be self-hosting or complete,
+because it is impractical to do development on such a system, but it
+must be developable and buildable on top of a free complete system
+distribution from our list of distributions, perhaps with the aid of
+free tools distributed alongside the small system distribution
+itself.</p>
<h3 id="license-rules">License Rules</h3>
@@ -92,11 +100,22 @@
that implement EME, the browser functionality designed to load DRM
modules.</p>
-<p>A free system distribution should be self-hosting. This means that
-you must be able to develop and build the system with tools that the
-system provides you. As a result, a free system distribution cannot
-include free software that can only be built by using nonfree
-software.</p>
+<span class="removed"><del><strong><p>A free system distribution should
be self-hosting. This means that
+you must be able</strong></del></span>
+
+<span class="inserted"><ins><em><p>Some nonfree distros offer an
installation option</em></ins></span> to <span
class="removed"><del><strong>develop and build</strong></del></span> <span
class="inserted"><ins><em>exclude
+nonfree packages. That option is a step forward, since it makes
+avoiding them much easier, provided</em></ins></span> the <span
class="removed"><del><strong>system with tools that</strong></del></span> <span
class="inserted"><ins><em>distro's implementation of</em></ins></span> the
+<span class="removed"><del><strong>system provides you. As a result, a free
system distribution cannot
+include free</strong></del></span>
+<span class="inserted"><ins><em>option is fully correct. However, the nonfree
packages are
+nonetheless included in the distro. Moreover, we know that most users
+are not strongly committed to</em></ins></span> software <span
class="inserted"><ins><em>freedom, and will not reject
+packages</em></ins></span> that <span class="removed"><del><strong>can only be
built by using</strong></del></span> <span class="inserted"><ins><em>seem handy
just for being nonfree. Practically
+speaking, to list one of these distros as free would mostly lead
+people to install</em></ins></span> nonfree
+<span class="removed"><del><strong>software.</p></strong></del></span>
<span class="inserted"><ins><em>software. For these reasons, we do not list
+them.</p></em></ins></span>
<p>There's a lot of code in most free system distributions today; the
amount of effort it would take to audit it all directly is impractical
@@ -296,8 +315,7 @@
GNU system distributions</a> we know about. If you know about a free
distribution that isn't listed there, please ask its developers write
to <<a class="reference"
-<span
class="removed"><del><strong>href="mailto:licensing@fsf.org">licensing@fsf.org</a>></strong></del></span>
-<span
class="inserted"><ins><em>href="mailto:webmasters@gnu.org">webmasters@gnu.org</a>></em></ins></span>
with a description of
+href="mailto:webmasters@gnu.org">webmasters@gnu.org</a>> with a
description of
their system and a link to their web page.</p>
<p>We also list <a href="/distros/free-non-gnu-distros.html">free
@@ -357,7 +375,7 @@
There is more detail about copyright years in the GNU Maintainers
Information document, www.gnu.org/prep/maintain. -->
-<p>Copyright © 2014, 2015, 2017, 2018 Free Software Foundation,
Inc.</p>
+<p>Copyright © 2014, 2015, 2017, <span
class="removed"><del><strong>2018</strong></del></span> <span
class="inserted"><ins><em>2018, 2021</em></ins></span> Free Software
Foundation, Inc.</p>
<p>This page is licensed under a <a rel="license"
href="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nd/4.0/">Creative
@@ -367,12 +385,11 @@
<p class="unprintable">Updated:
<!-- timestamp start -->
-$Date: 2018/12/15 14:46:03 $
+$Date: 2021/10/30 11:32:47 $
<!-- timestamp end -->
</p>
</div>
-<span class="removed"><del><strong></div></strong></del></span>
-<span class="inserted"><ins><em></div><!-- for class="inner", starts
in the banner include --></em></ins></span>
+</div><!-- for class="inner", starts in the banner include -->
</body>
</html>
</pre></body></html>
Index: distros/po/free-system-distribution-guidelines.pl-diff.html
===================================================================
RCS file:
/web/www/www/distros/po/free-system-distribution-guidelines.pl-diff.html,v
retrieving revision 1.8
retrieving revision 1.9
diff -u -b -r1.8 -r1.9
--- distros/po/free-system-distribution-guidelines.pl-diff.html 9 Jul 2019
14:59:12 -0000 1.8
+++ distros/po/free-system-distribution-guidelines.pl-diff.html 30 Oct 2021
11:32:47 -0000 1.9
@@ -11,7 +11,7 @@
</style></head>
<body><pre>
<!--#include virtual="/server/header.html" -->
-<!-- Parent-Version: <span
class="removed"><del><strong>1.77</strong></del></span> <span
class="inserted"><ins><em>1.86</em></ins></span> -->
+<!-- Parent-Version: 1.86 -->
<title>Free System Distribution Guidelines (GNU FSDG) - GNU Project -
Free Software Foundation</title>
<link rel="alternate" title="Free GNU/Linux distributions"
href="http://www.gnu.org/distros/distros.rss";
@@ -24,7 +24,7 @@
<h3 id="introduction">Introduction</h3>
<p>The purpose of these guidelines is to explain what it means for an
-installable system distribution (such as a <span
class="removed"><del><strong>GNU/Linux</strong></del></span> <span
class="inserted"><ins><em><a
href="/gnu/linux-and-gnu.html">GNU/Linux</a></em></ins></span>
distribution) to
+installable system distribution (such as a <a
href="/gnu/linux-and-gnu.html">GNU/Linux</a> distribution) to
qualify as <a href="/philosophy/free-sw.html">free</a> (libre), and
help distribution developers make their distributions qualify.</p>
@@ -32,8 +32,8 @@
are aware of now, but we're sure there are more. We will add them
when we come across them.</p>
-<p>We would like to thank the Fedora Project for their help in focusing
-these policies, and allowing us to use their own distribution license
+<p>We would like to thank the Fedora Project for <span
class="removed"><del><strong>their</strong></del></span> help in focusing
+these policies, and allowing us to use <span
class="removed"><del><strong>their</strong></del></span> <span
class="inserted"><ins><em>its</em></ins></span> own distribution license
guidelines as a basis for this document.</p>
<h3 id="complete-distros">Complete Distros</h3>
@@ -45,15 +45,23 @@
installing other software as well — then it is not listed here,
even if it is free software.</p>
-<p>An exception to this requirement and to the self-hosting
-requirement above is for <em>small system distributions</em>, which
-are distros designed for devices with limited resources, like a
-wireless router for example. Free small system distributions do not
-need to be self-hosting or complete, because it is impractical to do
-development on such a system, but it must be developable and buildable
-on top of a free complete system distribution from our list of
-distributions, perhaps with the aid of free tools distributed
-alongside the small system distribution itself.</p>
+<span class="removed"><del><strong><p>An exception</strong></del></span>
+
+<span class="inserted"><ins><em><p>In particular, a free system
distribution should be self-hosting.
+This means that you must be able</em></ins></span> to <span
class="removed"><del><strong>this requirement</strong></del></span> <span
class="inserted"><ins><em>develop</em></ins></span> and <span
class="removed"><del><strong>to</strong></del></span> <span
class="inserted"><ins><em>build</em></ins></span> the <span
class="removed"><del><strong>self-hosting</strong></del></span> <span
class="inserted"><ins><em>system with
+tools that the system provides you. As a result, a free system
+distribution cannot include free software that can only be built by
+using nonfree software.</p>
+
+<p>We make an exception to this</em></ins></span> requirement <span
class="removed"><del><strong>above is</strong></del></span> for <em>small
system
+distributions</em>, which are distros designed for devices with
+limited resources, like a wireless router for example. Free small
+system distributions do not need to be self-hosting or complete,
+because it is impractical to do development on such a system, but it
+must be developable and buildable on top of a free complete system
+distribution from our list of distributions, perhaps with the aid of
+free tools distributed alongside the small system distribution
+itself.</p>
<h3 id="license-rules">License Rules</h3>
@@ -88,15 +96,26 @@
should not suggest installing nonfree plugins, documentation, and so
on.</p>
-<span class="inserted"><ins><em><p>For instance, a free system
distribution must not contain browsers
+<p>For instance, a free system distribution must not contain browsers
that implement EME, the browser functionality designed to load DRM
-modules.</p></em></ins></span>
+modules.</p>
+
+<span class="removed"><del><strong><p>A free system distribution should
be self-hosting. This means that
+you must be able</strong></del></span>
-<p>A free system distribution should be self-hosting. This means that
-you must be able to develop and build the system with tools that the
-system provides you. As a result, a free system distribution cannot
-include free software that can only be built by using nonfree
-software.</p>
+<span class="inserted"><ins><em><p>Some nonfree distros offer an
installation option</em></ins></span> to <span
class="removed"><del><strong>develop and build</strong></del></span> <span
class="inserted"><ins><em>exclude
+nonfree packages. That option is a step forward, since it makes
+avoiding them much easier, provided</em></ins></span> the <span
class="removed"><del><strong>system with tools that</strong></del></span> <span
class="inserted"><ins><em>distro's implementation of</em></ins></span> the
+<span class="removed"><del><strong>system provides you. As a result, a free
system distribution cannot
+include free</strong></del></span>
+<span class="inserted"><ins><em>option is fully correct. However, the nonfree
packages are
+nonetheless included in the distro. Moreover, we know that most users
+are not strongly committed to</em></ins></span> software <span
class="inserted"><ins><em>freedom, and will not reject
+packages</em></ins></span> that <span class="removed"><del><strong>can only be
built by using</strong></del></span> <span class="inserted"><ins><em>seem handy
just for being nonfree. Practically
+speaking, to list one of these distros as free would mostly lead
+people to install</em></ins></span> nonfree
+<span class="removed"><del><strong>software.</p></strong></del></span>
<span class="inserted"><ins><em>software. For these reasons, we do not list
+them.</p></em></ins></span>
<p>There's a lot of code in most free system distributions today; the
amount of effort it would take to audit it all directly is impractical
@@ -296,8 +315,7 @@
GNU system distributions</a> we know about. If you know about a free
distribution that isn't listed there, please ask its developers write
to <<a class="reference"
-<span
class="removed"><del><strong>href="mailto:licensing@fsf.org">licensing@fsf.org</a>></strong></del></span>
-<span
class="inserted"><ins><em>href="mailto:webmasters@gnu.org">webmasters@gnu.org</a>></em></ins></span>
with a description of
+href="mailto:webmasters@gnu.org">webmasters@gnu.org</a>> with a
description of
their system and a link to their web page.</p>
<p>We also list <a href="/distros/free-non-gnu-distros.html">free
@@ -357,7 +375,7 @@
There is more detail about copyright years in the GNU Maintainers
Information document, www.gnu.org/prep/maintain. -->
-<p>Copyright © 2014, <span
class="removed"><del><strong>2015</strong></del></span> <span
class="inserted"><ins><em>2015, 2017, 2018</em></ins></span> Free Software
Foundation, Inc.</p>
+<p>Copyright © 2014, 2015, 2017, <span
class="removed"><del><strong>2018</strong></del></span> <span
class="inserted"><ins><em>2018, 2021</em></ins></span> Free Software
Foundation, Inc.</p>
<p>This page is licensed under a <a rel="license"
href="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nd/4.0/">Creative
@@ -367,12 +385,11 @@
<p class="unprintable">Updated:
<!-- timestamp start -->
-$Date: 2019/07/09 14:59:12 $
+$Date: 2021/10/30 11:32:47 $
<!-- timestamp end -->
</p>
</div>
-<span class="removed"><del><strong></div></strong></del></span>
-<span class="inserted"><ins><em></div><!-- for class="inner", starts
in the banner include --></em></ins></span>
+</div><!-- for class="inner", starts in the banner include -->
</body>
</html>
</pre></body></html>
Index: distros/po/free-system-distribution-guidelines.ro-diff.html
===================================================================
RCS file:
/web/www/www/distros/po/free-system-distribution-guidelines.ro-diff.html,v
retrieving revision 1.25
retrieving revision 1.26
diff -u -b -r1.25 -r1.26
--- distros/po/free-system-distribution-guidelines.ro-diff.html 15 Dec 2018
14:46:03 -0000 1.25
+++ distros/po/free-system-distribution-guidelines.ro-diff.html 30 Oct 2021
11:32:47 -0000 1.26
@@ -11,51 +11,57 @@
</style></head>
<body><pre>
<!--#include virtual="/server/header.html" -->
-<!-- Parent-Version: <span
class="removed"><del><strong>1.75</strong></del></span> <span
class="inserted"><ins><em>1.86</em></ins></span> -->
-<span class="removed"><del><strong><title>Guidelines for
Free</strong></del></span>
-<span class="inserted"><ins><em><title>Free</em></ins></span> System
<span class="removed"><del><strong>Distributions</strong></del></span> <span
class="inserted"><ins><em>Distribution Guidelines (GNU FSDG)</em></ins></span>
- GNU Project - Free Software Foundation</title>
+<!-- Parent-Version: 1.86 -->
+<title>Free System Distribution Guidelines (GNU FSDG) - GNU Project -
Free Software Foundation</title>
<link rel="alternate" title="Free GNU/Linux distributions"
href="http://www.gnu.org/distros/distros.rss";
type="application/rss+xml" />
<!--#include
virtual="/distros/po/free-system-distribution-guidelines.translist" -->
<!--#include virtual="/server/banner.html" -->
-<span class="removed"><del><strong><h2>Guidelines for
Free</strong></del></span>
-<span class="inserted"><ins><em><h2>Free</em></ins></span> System <span
class="removed"><del><strong>Distributions</h2></strong></del></span>
<span class="inserted"><ins><em>Distribution Guidelines (GNU FSDG)</h2>
-<!--#include virtual="/licenses/fsf-licensing.html" --></em></ins></span>
+<h2>Free System Distribution Guidelines (GNU FSDG)</h2>
+<!--#include virtual="/licenses/fsf-licensing.html" -->
<h3 id="introduction">Introduction</h3>
<p>The purpose of these guidelines is to explain what it means for an
-installable system distribution (such as a <span
class="removed"><del><strong>GNU/Linux</strong></del></span> <span
class="inserted"><ins><em><a
href="/gnu/linux-and-gnu.html">GNU/Linux</a></em></ins></span>
distribution) to
-qualify as <span class="removed"><del><strong>free,</strong></del></span>
<span class="inserted"><ins><em><a
href="/philosophy/free-sw.html">free</a> (libre),</em></ins></span> and
+installable system distribution (such as a <a
href="/gnu/linux-and-gnu.html">GNU/Linux</a> distribution) to
+qualify as <a href="/philosophy/free-sw.html">free</a> (libre), and
help distribution developers make their distributions qualify.</p>
<p>These guidelines are not complete. We have mentioned the issues we
are aware of now, but we're sure there are more. We will add them
when we come across them.</p>
-<p>We would like to thank the Fedora Project for their help in focusing
-these policies, and allowing us to use their own distribution license
+<p>We would like to thank the Fedora Project for <span
class="removed"><del><strong>their</strong></del></span> help in focusing
+these policies, and allowing us to use <span
class="removed"><del><strong>their</strong></del></span> <span
class="inserted"><ins><em>its</em></ins></span> own distribution license
guidelines as a basis for this document.</p>
<h3 id="complete-distros">Complete Distros</h3>
-<p>Our list of distributions is a guide for <span
class="removed"><del><strong>what to</strong></del></span> <span
class="inserted"><ins><em>systems you can</em></ins></span> install in
+<p>Our list of distributions is a guide for systems you can install in
a computer. Therefore, it only includes distributions that are
complete in themselves and ready to use. If a distribution is
-incomplete — if <span
class="removed"><del><strong>using</strong></del></span> it requires further
<span class="removed"><del><strong>work</strong></del></span> <span
class="inserted"><ins><em>development,</em></ins></span> or presupposes
-installing other software as well — then it <span
class="removed"><del><strong>doesn't belong in this list,</strong></del></span>
<span class="inserted"><ins><em>is not listed here,</em></ins></span>
+incomplete — if it requires further development, or presupposes
+installing other software as well — then it is not listed here,
even if it is free software.</p>
-<span class="inserted"><ins><em><p>An exception to this requirement and
to the self-hosting
-requirement above is for <em>small system distributions</em>, which
-are distros designed for devices with limited resources, like a
-wireless router for example. Free small system distributions do not
-need to be self-hosting or complete, because it is impractical to do
-development on such a system, but it must be developable and buildable
-on top of a free complete system distribution from our list of
-distributions, perhaps with the aid of free tools distributed
-alongside the small system distribution itself.</p></em></ins></span>
+<span class="removed"><del><strong><p>An exception</strong></del></span>
+
+<span class="inserted"><ins><em><p>In particular, a free system
distribution should be self-hosting.
+This means that you must be able</em></ins></span> to <span
class="removed"><del><strong>this requirement</strong></del></span> <span
class="inserted"><ins><em>develop</em></ins></span> and <span
class="removed"><del><strong>to</strong></del></span> <span
class="inserted"><ins><em>build</em></ins></span> the <span
class="removed"><del><strong>self-hosting</strong></del></span> <span
class="inserted"><ins><em>system with
+tools that the system provides you. As a result, a free system
+distribution cannot include free software that can only be built by
+using nonfree software.</p>
+
+<p>We make an exception to this</em></ins></span> requirement <span
class="removed"><del><strong>above is</strong></del></span> for <em>small
system
+distributions</em>, which are distros designed for devices with
+limited resources, like a wireless router for example. Free small
+system distributions do not need to be self-hosting or complete,
+because it is impractical to do development on such a system, but it
+must be developable and buildable on top of a free complete system
+distribution from our list of distributions, perhaps with the aid of
+free tools distributed alongside the small system distribution
+itself.</p>
<h3 id="license-rules">License Rules</h3>
@@ -70,17 +76,14 @@
information that is preferred for making changes to it.)</p>
<p>The information, and the source, must be provided under an
-appropriate <span class="removed"><del><strong>free
license.</strong></del></span> <span class="inserted"><ins><em><a
href="/philosophy/free-sw.html">free license</a>.</em></ins></span> We
-<span class="inserted"><ins><em>evaluate specific licenses
and</em></ins></span> list <span class="removed"><del><strong>the ones we have
evaluated
-on</strong></del></span> <span class="inserted"><ins><em>our determinations
-in</em></ins></span> <a class="reference"
href="/licenses/license-list.html">our license
+appropriate <a href="/philosophy/free-sw.html">free license</a>.
We
+evaluate specific licenses and list our determinations
+in <a class="reference" href="/licenses/license-list.html">our license
list</a>, with separate sections for licenses that are suitable for
software, documentation, fonts, and other useful works. If such a
-work is released under <span
class="removed"><del><strong>multiple</strong></del></span> <span
class="inserted"><ins><em>a disjunction of</em></ins></span> licenses, <span
class="inserted"><ins><em>the work is free as
-long as</em></ins></span> at least one of <span
class="removed"><del><strong>which</strong></del></span> <span
class="inserted"><ins><em>its licenses</em></ins></span> is
-<span class="removed"><del><strong>free, it can be included in the
system;</strong></del></span> <span
class="inserted"><ins><em>free;</em></ins></span> the system developers <span
class="removed"><del><strong>just
-need to</strong></del></span>
-<span class="inserted"><ins><em>should</em></ins></span> follow the terms of
the <span class="removed"><del><strong>available</strong></del></span> <span
class="inserted"><ins><em>applicable</em></ins></span> free license(s) when they
+work is released under a disjunction of licenses, the work is free as
+long as at least one of its licenses is free; the system developers
+should follow the terms of the applicable free license(s) when they
distribute and/or modify it.</p>
<p>A free system distribution must not steer users towards obtaining
@@ -93,24 +96,34 @@
should not suggest installing nonfree plugins, documentation, and so
on.</p>
-<span class="inserted"><ins><em><p>For instance, a free system
distribution must not contain browsers
+<p>For instance, a free system distribution must not contain browsers
that implement EME, the browser functionality designed to load DRM
-modules.</p></em></ins></span>
+modules.</p>
+
+<span class="removed"><del><strong><p>A free system distribution should
be self-hosting. This means that
+you must be able</strong></del></span>
-<p>A free system distribution should be self-hosting. This means that
-you must be able to develop and build the system with tools that the
-system provides you. As a result, a free system distribution cannot
-include free software that can only be built by using nonfree
-software.</p>
+<span class="inserted"><ins><em><p>Some nonfree distros offer an
installation option</em></ins></span> to <span
class="removed"><del><strong>develop and build</strong></del></span> <span
class="inserted"><ins><em>exclude
+nonfree packages. That option is a step forward, since it makes
+avoiding them much easier, provided</em></ins></span> the <span
class="removed"><del><strong>system with tools that</strong></del></span> <span
class="inserted"><ins><em>distro's implementation of</em></ins></span> the
+<span class="removed"><del><strong>system provides you. As a result, a free
system distribution cannot
+include free</strong></del></span>
+<span class="inserted"><ins><em>option is fully correct. However, the nonfree
packages are
+nonetheless included in the distro. Moreover, we know that most users
+are not strongly committed to</em></ins></span> software <span
class="inserted"><ins><em>freedom, and will not reject
+packages</em></ins></span> that <span class="removed"><del><strong>can only be
built by using</strong></del></span> <span class="inserted"><ins><em>seem handy
just for being nonfree. Practically
+speaking, to list one of these distros as free would mostly lead
+people to install</em></ins></span> nonfree
+<span class="removed"><del><strong>software.</p></strong></del></span>
<span class="inserted"><ins><em>software. For these reasons, we do not list
+them.</p></em></ins></span>
<p>There's a lot of code in most free system distributions today; the
amount of effort it would take to audit it all directly is impractical
for most teams. In the past, some nonfree code has accidentally been
included in free system distributions. We don't de-list distributions
-because of this; instead, we only ask that a <span
class="removed"><del><strong>distribution put forth</strong></del></span> <span
class="inserted"><ins><em>distribution's developers
-make</em></ins></span> a good faith effort to avoid including nonfree
software, and
-commit
-<span class="removed"><del><strong>itself</strong></del></span> <span
class="inserted"><ins><em>themselves</em></ins></span> to removing such
programs if <span class="removed"><del><strong>they</strong></del></span> <span
class="inserted"><ins><em>any</em></ins></span> are <span
class="removed"><del><strong>discovered later.</p></strong></del></span>
<span class="inserted"><ins><em>discovered.</p></em></ins></span>
+because of this; instead, we only ask that a distribution's developers
+make a good faith effort to avoid including nonfree software, and
+commit themselves to removing such programs if any are discovered.</p>
<p>Certain kinds of license situations merit special attention for people
creating or considering free software distributions; those are
@@ -222,18 +235,17 @@
other hand, we also don't object if a distributor chooses to omit some
software in order to avoid patent risk.</p>
-<h3 <span class="inserted"><ins><em>id="no-malware">No Malware</h3>
+<h3 id="no-malware">No Malware</h3>
<p>The distro must contain no DRM, no back doors, and no
spyware.</p>
-<h3</em></ins></span> id="mistakes">Commitment to Correct
Mistakes</h3>
+<h3 id="mistakes">Commitment to Correct Mistakes</h3>
<p>Most distribution development teams don't have the resources to
exhaustively check that their distribution meet all these criteria.
-Neither do we. So we expect <span
class="removed"><del><strong>developers</strong></del></span> <span
class="inserted"><ins><em>distros</em></ins></span> to occasionally <span
class="removed"><del><strong>make mistakes
-that let some</strong></del></span> <span class="inserted"><ins><em>contain
mistakes:</em></ins></span>
-nonfree software <span class="removed"><del><strong>slip</strong></del></span>
<span class="inserted"><ins><em>that slipped</em></ins></span> through, <span
class="removed"><del><strong>and we</strong></del></span> <span
class="inserted"><ins><em>etc. We</em></ins></span> don't reject a
-distribution <span class="removed"><del><strong>just for
that.</strong></del></span> <span class="inserted"><ins><em>over
mistakes.</em></ins></span> Our requirement is for the distribution
+Neither do we. So we expect distros to occasionally contain mistakes:
+nonfree software that slipped through, etc. We don't reject a
+distribution over mistakes. Our requirement is for the distribution
developers to have a firm commitment to promptly correct any mistakes
that are reported to them.</p>
@@ -252,7 +264,7 @@
Foobar Light. This is because we expect that the distinction between
the two would be lost in the process of communicating the message.</p>
-<span class="inserted"><ins><em><p>In particular, the principal name of
the free distribution
+<p>In particular, the principal name of the free distribution
(“Foobar”, in this example) should not be part of the name
of any nonfree distribution.</p>
@@ -267,7 +279,7 @@
essentially all so-called “Linux” distributions are really
GNU/Linux distributions. In this scenario,
<em>both</em> versions are GNU/Linux, and it would be misleading to
-omit “GNU” from the name of one of
them.</p></em></ins></span>
+omit “GNU” from the name of one of them.</p>
<h3 id="upstream">Contacting Upstream If You're Downstream</h3>
@@ -290,34 +302,28 @@
gnu.org or gnu.org/philosophy for further information about the
issue.</p>
-<h3 <span class="inserted"><ins><em>id="words-to-avoid">Please Avoid
Repeating Propaganda and Confusion</h3>
+<h3 id="words-to-avoid">Please Avoid Repeating Propaganda and
Confusion</h3>
<p>Please see our list
of <a href="/philosophy/words-to-avoid.html">words to avoid</a>,
which
are either biased, misguided or misleading, and try to avoid them in
your public statements and discussions with the public.</p>
-<h3</em></ins></span> id="final-notes">Final Notes</h3>
+<h3 id="final-notes">Final Notes</h3>
<p>We maintain a list of the <a
href="/distros/free-distros.html">free
-<span class="inserted"><ins><em>GNU</em></ins></span> system
distributions</a> we know about. If you know about a free
+GNU system distributions</a> we know about. If you know about a free
distribution that isn't listed there, please ask its developers write
to <<a class="reference"
href="mailto:webmasters@gnu.org">webmasters@gnu.org</a>> with a
description of
their system and a link to their web page.</p>
-<span class="removed"><del><strong><p>Our</strong></del></span>
-
-<span class="inserted"><ins><em><p>We also</em></ins></span> list <span
class="removed"><del><strong>consists of systems based on GNU which acknowledge
that
-they are based</strong></del></span> <span class="inserted"><ins><em><a
href="/distros/free-non-gnu-distros.html">free
-non-GNU system distributions</a></em></ins></span> on <span
class="removed"><del><strong>GNU. At present, we know of no other systems
-that would qualify. If someday there is one, we will list it,
-but not necessarily in</strong></del></span> <span
class="inserted"><ins><em>the</em></ins></span> same <span
class="removed"><del><strong>way.</p></strong></del></span> <span
class="inserted"><ins><em>ethical conditions.</p></em></ins></span>
+<p>We also list <a href="/distros/free-non-gnu-distros.html">free
+non-GNU system distributions</a> on the same ethical
conditions.</p>
<p>If you have questions or comments about these guidelines
themselves, feel free to send those to <<a class="reference"
-<span
class="removed"><del><strong>href="mailto:licensing@gnu.org">licensing@gnu.org</a>>.</strong></del></span>
-<span
class="inserted"><ins><em>href="mailto:licensing@fsf.org">licensing@fsf.org</a>>.</em></ins></span>
We hope
+href="mailto:licensing@fsf.org">licensing@fsf.org</a>>. We hope
that they help everyone better understand the issues that are important
for free system distributions, and we look forward to promoting more
of them in the future.</p>
@@ -325,7 +331,7 @@
</div><!-- for id="content", starts in the include above -->
<!--#include virtual="/server/footer.html" -->
<div id="footer">
-<span class="inserted"><ins><em><div
class="unprintable"></em></ins></span>
+<div class="unprintable">
<p>Please send general FSF & GNU inquiries to
<a href="mailto:gnu@gnu.org"><gnu@gnu.org></a>.
@@ -350,11 +356,11 @@
href="/server/standards/README.translations.html">Translations
README</a> for information on coordinating and submitting translations
of this article.</p>
-<span class="inserted"><ins><em></div></em></ins></span>
+</div>
<!-- Regarding copyright, in general, standalone pages (as opposed to
files generated as part of manuals) on the GNU web server should
- be under CC BY-ND <span class="removed"><del><strong>3.0
US.</strong></del></span> <span
class="inserted"><ins><em>4.0.</em></ins></span> Please do NOT change or
remove this
+ be under CC BY-ND 4.0. Please do NOT change or remove this
without talking with the webmasters or licensing team first.
Please make sure the copyright date is consistent with the
document. For web pages, it is ok to list just the latest year the
@@ -369,25 +375,21 @@
There is more detail about copyright years in the GNU Maintainers
Information document, www.gnu.org/prep/maintain. -->
-<p>Copyright © <span
class="removed"><del><strong>2010</strong></del></span> <span
class="inserted"><ins><em>2014, 2015, 2017, 2018</em></ins></span> Free
Software Foundation, Inc.</p>
+<p>Copyright © 2014, 2015, 2017, <span
class="removed"><del><strong>2018</strong></del></span> <span
class="inserted"><ins><em>2018, 2021</em></ins></span> Free Software
Foundation, Inc.</p>
<p>This page is licensed under a <a rel="license"
-<span
class="removed"><del><strong>href="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nd/3.0/us/">Creative</strong></del></span>
-<span
class="inserted"><ins><em>href="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nd/4.0/">Creative</em></ins></span>
-Commons <span class="removed"><del><strong>Attribution-NoDerivs 3.0 United
States</strong></del></span> <span
class="inserted"><ins><em>Attribution-NoDerivatives 4.0
International</em></ins></span> License</a>.</p>
+href="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nd/4.0/">Creative
+Commons Attribution-NoDerivatives 4.0 International
License</a>.</p>
<!--#include virtual="/server/bottom-notes.html" -->
-<span class="removed"><del><strong><p>Updated:</strong></del></span>
-
-<span class="inserted"><ins><em><p
class="unprintable">Updated:</em></ins></span>
+<p class="unprintable">Updated:
<!-- timestamp start -->
-$Date: 2018/12/15 14:46:03 $
+$Date: 2021/10/30 11:32:47 $
<!-- timestamp end -->
</p>
</div>
-<span class="removed"><del><strong></div></strong></del></span>
-<span class="inserted"><ins><em></div><!-- for class="inner", starts
in the banner include --></em></ins></span>
+</div><!-- for class="inner", starts in the banner include -->
</body>
</html>
</pre></body></html>
Index: distros/po/free-system-distribution-guidelines.uk-diff.html
===================================================================
RCS file:
/web/www/www/distros/po/free-system-distribution-guidelines.uk-diff.html,v
retrieving revision 1.3
retrieving revision 1.4
diff -u -b -r1.3 -r1.4
--- distros/po/free-system-distribution-guidelines.uk-diff.html 15 Dec 2018
14:46:03 -0000 1.3
+++ distros/po/free-system-distribution-guidelines.uk-diff.html 30 Oct 2021
11:32:47 -0000 1.4
@@ -11,7 +11,7 @@
</style></head>
<body><pre>
<!--#include virtual="/server/header.html" -->
-<!-- Parent-Version: <span
class="removed"><del><strong>1.84</strong></del></span> <span
class="inserted"><ins><em>1.86</em></ins></span> -->
+<!-- Parent-Version: 1.86 -->
<title>Free System Distribution Guidelines (GNU FSDG) - GNU Project -
Free Software Foundation</title>
<link rel="alternate" title="Free GNU/Linux distributions"
href="http://www.gnu.org/distros/distros.rss";
@@ -32,8 +32,8 @@
are aware of now, but we're sure there are more. We will add them
when we come across them.</p>
-<p>We would like to thank the Fedora Project for their help in focusing
-these policies, and allowing us to use their own distribution license
+<p>We would like to thank the Fedora Project for <span
class="removed"><del><strong>their</strong></del></span> help in focusing
+these policies, and allowing us to use <span
class="removed"><del><strong>their</strong></del></span> <span
class="inserted"><ins><em>its</em></ins></span> own distribution license
guidelines as a basis for this document.</p>
<h3 id="complete-distros">Complete Distros</h3>
@@ -45,15 +45,23 @@
installing other software as well — then it is not listed here,
even if it is free software.</p>
-<p>An exception to this requirement and to the self-hosting
-requirement above is for <em>small system distributions</em>, which
-are distros designed for devices with limited resources, like a
-wireless router for example. Free small system distributions do not
-need to be self-hosting or complete, because it is impractical to do
-development on such a system, but it must be developable and buildable
-on top of a free complete system distribution from our list of
-distributions, perhaps with the aid of free tools distributed
-alongside the small system distribution itself.</p>
+<span class="removed"><del><strong><p>An exception</strong></del></span>
+
+<span class="inserted"><ins><em><p>In particular, a free system
distribution should be self-hosting.
+This means that you must be able</em></ins></span> to <span
class="removed"><del><strong>this requirement</strong></del></span> <span
class="inserted"><ins><em>develop</em></ins></span> and <span
class="removed"><del><strong>to</strong></del></span> <span
class="inserted"><ins><em>build</em></ins></span> the <span
class="removed"><del><strong>self-hosting</strong></del></span> <span
class="inserted"><ins><em>system with
+tools that the system provides you. As a result, a free system
+distribution cannot include free software that can only be built by
+using nonfree software.</p>
+
+<p>We make an exception to this</em></ins></span> requirement <span
class="removed"><del><strong>above is</strong></del></span> for <em>small
system
+distributions</em>, which are distros designed for devices with
+limited resources, like a wireless router for example. Free small
+system distributions do not need to be self-hosting or complete,
+because it is impractical to do development on such a system, but it
+must be developable and buildable on top of a free complete system
+distribution from our list of distributions, perhaps with the aid of
+free tools distributed alongside the small system distribution
+itself.</p>
<h3 id="license-rules">License Rules</h3>
@@ -92,11 +100,22 @@
that implement EME, the browser functionality designed to load DRM
modules.</p>
-<p>A free system distribution should be self-hosting. This means that
-you must be able to develop and build the system with tools that the
-system provides you. As a result, a free system distribution cannot
-include free software that can only be built by using nonfree
-software.</p>
+<span class="removed"><del><strong><p>A free system distribution should
be self-hosting. This means that
+you must be able</strong></del></span>
+
+<span class="inserted"><ins><em><p>Some nonfree distros offer an
installation option</em></ins></span> to <span
class="removed"><del><strong>develop and build</strong></del></span> <span
class="inserted"><ins><em>exclude
+nonfree packages. That option is a step forward, since it makes
+avoiding them much easier, provided</em></ins></span> the <span
class="removed"><del><strong>system with tools that</strong></del></span> <span
class="inserted"><ins><em>distro's implementation of</em></ins></span> the
+<span class="removed"><del><strong>system provides you. As a result, a free
system distribution cannot
+include free</strong></del></span>
+<span class="inserted"><ins><em>option is fully correct. However, the nonfree
packages are
+nonetheless included in the distro. Moreover, we know that most users
+are not strongly committed to</em></ins></span> software <span
class="inserted"><ins><em>freedom, and will not reject
+packages</em></ins></span> that <span class="removed"><del><strong>can only be
built by using</strong></del></span> <span class="inserted"><ins><em>seem handy
just for being nonfree. Practically
+speaking, to list one of these distros as free would mostly lead
+people to install</em></ins></span> nonfree
+<span class="removed"><del><strong>software.</p></strong></del></span>
<span class="inserted"><ins><em>software. For these reasons, we do not list
+them.</p></em></ins></span>
<p>There's a lot of code in most free system distributions today; the
amount of effort it would take to audit it all directly is impractical
@@ -296,8 +315,7 @@
GNU system distributions</a> we know about. If you know about a free
distribution that isn't listed there, please ask its developers write
to <<a class="reference"
-<span
class="removed"><del><strong>href="mailto:licensing@fsf.org">licensing@fsf.org</a>></strong></del></span>
-<span
class="inserted"><ins><em>href="mailto:webmasters@gnu.org">webmasters@gnu.org</a>></em></ins></span>
with a description of
+href="mailto:webmasters@gnu.org">webmasters@gnu.org</a>> with a
description of
their system and a link to their web page.</p>
<p>We also list <a href="/distros/free-non-gnu-distros.html">free
@@ -357,7 +375,7 @@
There is more detail about copyright years in the GNU Maintainers
Information document, www.gnu.org/prep/maintain. -->
-<p>Copyright © 2014, 2015, 2017, 2018 Free Software Foundation,
Inc.</p>
+<p>Copyright © 2014, 2015, 2017, <span
class="removed"><del><strong>2018</strong></del></span> <span
class="inserted"><ins><em>2018, 2021</em></ins></span> Free Software
Foundation, Inc.</p>
<p>This page is licensed under a <a rel="license"
href="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nd/4.0/">Creative
@@ -367,12 +385,11 @@
<p class="unprintable">Updated:
<!-- timestamp start -->
-$Date: 2018/12/15 14:46:03 $
+$Date: 2021/10/30 11:32:47 $
<!-- timestamp end -->
</p>
</div>
-<span class="removed"><del><strong></div></strong></del></span>
-<span class="inserted"><ins><em></div><!-- for class="inner", starts
in the banner include --></em></ins></span>
+</div><!-- for class="inner", starts in the banner include -->
</body>
</html>
</pre></body></html>
Index: encyclopedia/free-encyclopedia.de.html
===================================================================
RCS file: /web/www/www/encyclopedia/free-encyclopedia.de.html,v
retrieving revision 1.47
retrieving revision 1.48
diff -u -b -r1.47 -r1.48
--- encyclopedia/free-encyclopedia.de.html 2 Jun 2021 09:00:26 -0000
1.47
+++ encyclopedia/free-encyclopedia.de.html 30 Oct 2021 11:32:48 -0000
1.48
@@ -1,4 +1,9 @@
-<!--#set var="ENGLISH_PAGE" value="/encyclopedia/free-encyclopedia.en.html" -->
+<!--#set var="PO_FILE"
+ value='<a href="/encyclopedia/po/free-encyclopedia.de.po">
+ https://www.gnu.org/encyclopedia/po/free-encyclopedia.de.po</a>'
+ --><!--#set var="ORIGINAL_FILE" value="/encyclopedia/free-encyclopedia.html"
+ --><!--#set var="DIFF_FILE"
value="/encyclopedia/po/free-encyclopedia.de-diff.html"
+ --><!--#set var="OUTDATED_SINCE" value="2021-08-31" --><!--#set
var="ENGLISH_PAGE" value="/encyclopedia/free-encyclopedia.en.html" -->
<!--#include virtual="/server/header.de.html" -->
<!-- Parent-Version: 1.95 -->
@@ -9,6 +14,7 @@
<!--#include virtual="/encyclopedia/po/free-encyclopedia.translist" -->
<!--#include virtual="/server/banner.de.html" -->
+<!--#include virtual="/server/outdated.de.html" -->
<div class="reduced-width">
<h2>Freie universelle Enzyklopädie und Wissensquelle</h2>
@@ -617,7 +623,7 @@
<p class="unprintable"><!-- timestamp start -->
Letzte Ãnderung:
-$Date: 2021/06/02 09:00:26 $
+$Date: 2021/10/30 11:32:48 $
<!-- timestamp end -->
</p>
Index: encyclopedia/free-encyclopedia.it.html
===================================================================
RCS file: /web/www/www/encyclopedia/free-encyclopedia.it.html,v
retrieving revision 1.30
retrieving revision 1.31
diff -u -b -r1.30 -r1.31
--- encyclopedia/free-encyclopedia.it.html 30 Apr 2021 06:36:11 -0000
1.30
+++ encyclopedia/free-encyclopedia.it.html 30 Oct 2021 11:32:48 -0000
1.31
@@ -1,4 +1,9 @@
-<!--#set var="ENGLISH_PAGE" value="/encyclopedia/free-encyclopedia.en.html" -->
+<!--#set var="PO_FILE"
+ value='<a href="/encyclopedia/po/free-encyclopedia.it.po">
+ https://www.gnu.org/encyclopedia/po/free-encyclopedia.it.po</a>'
+ --><!--#set var="ORIGINAL_FILE" value="/encyclopedia/free-encyclopedia.html"
+ --><!--#set var="DIFF_FILE"
value="/encyclopedia/po/free-encyclopedia.it-diff.html"
+ --><!--#set var="OUTDATED_SINCE" value="2021-08-31" --><!--#set
var="ENGLISH_PAGE" value="/encyclopedia/free-encyclopedia.en.html" -->
<!--#include virtual="/server/header.it.html" -->
<!-- Parent-Version: 1.95 -->
@@ -9,6 +14,7 @@
<!--#include virtual="/encyclopedia/po/free-encyclopedia.translist" -->
<!--#include virtual="/server/banner.it.html" -->
+<!--#include virtual="/server/outdated.it.html" -->
<div class="reduced-width">
<h2>L'enciclopedia libera, universale e risorsa per l'apprendimento</h2>
@@ -600,7 +606,7 @@
<p class="unprintable"><!-- timestamp start -->
Ultimo aggiornamento:
-$Date: 2021/04/30 06:36:11 $
+$Date: 2021/10/30 11:32:48 $
<!-- timestamp end -->
</p>
Index: encyclopedia/po/free-encyclopedia.de-diff.html
===================================================================
RCS file: /web/www/www/encyclopedia/po/free-encyclopedia.de-diff.html,v
retrieving revision 1.4
retrieving revision 1.5
diff -u -b -r1.4 -r1.5
--- encyclopedia/po/free-encyclopedia.de-diff.html 31 May 2021 13:39:46
-0000 1.4
+++ encyclopedia/po/free-encyclopedia.de-diff.html 30 Oct 2021 11:32:48
-0000 1.5
@@ -11,29 +11,26 @@
</style></head>
<body><pre>
<!--#include virtual="/server/header.html" -->
-<!-- Parent-Version: <span
class="removed"><del><strong>1.79</strong></del></span> <span
class="inserted"><ins><em>1.95</em></ins></span> -->
+<!-- Parent-Version: <span
class="removed"><del><strong>1.95</strong></del></span> <span
class="inserted"><ins><em>1.96 -->
+<!-- This page is derived from
/server/standards/boilerplate.html</em></ins></span> -->
<title>The Free Universal Encyclopedia and Learning Resource
- GNU Project - Free Software Foundation</title>
<!--#include virtual="/encyclopedia/po/free-encyclopedia.translist" -->
<!--#include virtual="/server/banner.html" -->
-<span class="inserted"><ins><em><div
class="reduced-width"></em></ins></span>
+<div <span
class="removed"><del><strong>class="reduced-width"></strong></del></span>
<span class="inserted"><ins><em>class="article
reduced-width"></em></ins></span>
<h2>The Free Universal Encyclopedia and Learning Resource</h2>
<img src="/encyclopedia/logo.png" alt=" [Encyclopedia logo] "
- class="imgright" <span
class="removed"><del><strong>style="width:10.6em"</strong></del></span> <span
class="inserted"><ins><em>style="width:8em; max-width:20%"</em></ins></span>
/>
-
-<span class="removed"><del><strong><h3><a
href="/encyclopedia/anencyc.txt">Announcement</strong></del></span>
-<span class="inserted"><ins><em><address class="byline">by Richard
Stallman</address>
+ class="imgright" style="width:8em; max-width:20%" />
+<address class="byline">by Richard Stallman</address>
<p><a href="/encyclopedia/free-encyclopedia-1998-draft.html">First
draft</a></p>
-<p><a
href="/encyclopedia/encyclopedia-announcement.txt">Announcement</em></ins></span>
of the
-<span class="removed"><del><strong>Project</a></h3>
-
-<p>by <strong>Richard
Stallman</strong></p></strong></del></span>
- <span class="inserted"><ins><em>Project</a></p>
+<p><a
href="/encyclopedia/encyclopedia-announcement.txt">Announcement of the
+ Project</a></p>
<div class="thin"></div>
-<div class="article"></em></ins></span>
+<span class="removed"><del><strong><div
class="article"></strong></del></span>
+
<p>The World Wide Web has the potential to develop into a universal
encyclopedia covering all areas of knowledge, and a complete library
of instructional courses. This outcome could happen without any
@@ -57,9 +54,9 @@
needs to do, what sort of freedoms it needs to give the public, and
how we can get started on developing it.</p>
-<span class="removed"><del><strong><h4>An</strong></del></span>
+<span class="removed"><del><strong><h3
class="subheader">An</strong></del></span>
-<span class="inserted"><ins><em><h3
class="subheader">An</em></ins></span> encyclopedia located <span
class="removed"><del><strong>everywhere.</h4></strong></del></span> <span
class="inserted"><ins><em>everywhere.</h3></em></ins></span>
+<span class="inserted"><ins><em><h3>An</em></ins></span> encyclopedia
located everywhere.</h3>
<p>
In the past, encyclopedias have been written under the direction of a
@@ -78,9 +75,9 @@
organization will be in charge, because such centralization would be
incompatible with decentralized progress.</p>
-<span class="removed"><del><strong><h4>Who</strong></del></span>
+<span class="removed"><del><strong><h3
class="subheader">Who</strong></del></span>
-<span class="inserted"><ins><em><h3
class="subheader">Who</em></ins></span> will write the <span
class="removed"><del><strong>encyclopedia?</h4></strong></del></span>
<span class="inserted"><ins><em>encyclopedia?</h3></em></ins></span>
+<span class="inserted"><ins><em><h3>Who</em></ins></span> will write the
encyclopedia?</h3>
<p>In principle, anyone is welcome to write articles for the
encyclopedia. But as we reach out for people to help, the most
@@ -90,9 +87,9 @@
For students, a major school paper could become an encyclopedia
article, if done especially well.</p>
-<span class="removed"><del><strong><h4>Small</strong></del></span>
+<span class="removed"><del><strong><h3
class="subheader">Small</strong></del></span>
-<span class="inserted"><ins><em><h3
class="subheader">Small</em></ins></span> steps will do the <span
class="removed"><del><strong>job.</h4></strong></del></span> <span
class="inserted"><ins><em>job.</h3></em></ins></span>
+<span class="inserted"><ins><em><h3>Small</em></ins></span> steps will
do the job.</h3>
<p>When a project is exciting, it is easy to imagine a big contribution
that you would like to make, bite off more than you can chew, and
@@ -105,9 +102,9 @@
contribution that many can afford to make. Enough of these small
contributions can cover the whole range of knowledge.</p>
-<span class="removed"><del><strong><h4>Take</strong></del></span>
+<span class="removed"><del><strong><h3
class="subheader">Take</strong></del></span>
-<span class="inserted"><ins><em><h3
class="subheader">Take</em></ins></span> the long <span
class="removed"><del><strong>view.</h4></strong></del></span> <span
class="inserted"><ins><em>view.</h3></em></ins></span>
+<span class="inserted"><ins><em><h3>Take</em></ins></span> the long
view.</h3>
<p>The encyclopedia is a big job, and it won't be finished in a year. If
it takes twenty years to complete the free encyclopedia, that will be
@@ -129,9 +126,9 @@
that they will inspire a growing number of contributors to join and
finish the job.</p>
-<span
class="removed"><del><strong><h4>Evangelize.</h4></strong></del></span>
+<span class="removed"><del><strong><h3
class="subheader">Evangelize.</h3></strong></del></span>
-<span class="inserted"><ins><em><h3
class="subheader">Evangelize.</h3></em></ins></span>
+<span
class="inserted"><ins><em><h3>Evangelize.</h3></em></ins></span>
<p>Since we hope that teachers and students at many colleges around the
world will join in writing contributions to the free encyclopedia,
@@ -140,9 +137,9 @@
the academic community, show the vision of the free universal
encyclopedia, and invite others to join in writing it.</p>
-<span class="removed"><del><strong><h4>What</strong></del></span>
+<span class="removed"><del><strong><h3
class="subheader">What</strong></del></span>
-<span class="inserted"><ins><em><h3
class="subheader">What</em></ins></span> should the free encyclopedia <span
class="removed"><del><strong>contain?</h4></strong></del></span> <span
class="inserted"><ins><em>contain?</h3></em></ins></span>
+<span class="inserted"><ins><em><h3>What</em></ins></span> should the
free encyclopedia contain?</h3>
<p>The free encyclopedia should aim eventually to include one or more
articles for any topic you would expect to find in another
@@ -150,9 +147,10 @@
amount of encyclopedic material that can be on the web, this
encyclopedia should eventually also cover the more advanced and
specialized topics you might expect to find in specialized
-encyclopedias, such as an “Encyclopedia of Physics”,
-“Encyclopedia of Medicine”, “Encyclopedia of
-Gardening”, or “Encyclopedia of Cooking”. It could
+encyclopedias, such as an “Encyclopedia of <span
class="removed"><del><strong>Physics”,</strong></del></span> <span
class="inserted"><ins><em>Physics,”</em></ins></span>
+“Encyclopedia of <span
class="removed"><del><strong>Medicine”,</strong></del></span> <span
class="inserted"><ins><em>Medicine,”</em></ins></span>
“Encyclopedia of
+<span class="removed"><del><strong>Gardening”,</strong></del></span>
+<span class="inserted"><ins><em>Gardening,”</em></ins></span> or
“Encyclopedia of <span
class="removed"><del><strong>Cooking”.</strong></del></span> <span
class="inserted"><ins><em>Cooking.”</em></ins></span> It could
go even further; for example, bird watchers might eventually
contribute an article on each species of bird, along with pictures and
recordings of its calls.</p>
@@ -184,9 +182,9 @@
attempt to put artificial limits on either the scope or the free
status of the encyclopedia.</p>
-<span class="removed"><del><strong><h4>Criteria</strong></del></span>
+<span class="removed"><del><strong><h3
class="subheader">Criteria</strong></del></span>
-<span class="inserted"><ins><em><h3
class="subheader">Criteria</em></ins></span> pages must <span
class="removed"><del><strong>meet.</h4></strong></del></span> <span
class="inserted"><ins><em>meet.</h3></em></ins></span>
+<span class="inserted"><ins><em><h3>Criteria</em></ins></span> pages
must meet.</h3>
<p>To ensure this encyclopedia is indeed a free and universal
encyclopedia, we must set criteria of freeness for encyclopedia
@@ -210,9 +208,7 @@
Internet. We must decide what criteria of freedom a free encyclopedia
and a free learning resource should meet.</p>
-<span class="removed"><del><strong><h5>Permit</strong></del></span>
-
-<span class="inserted"><ins><em><h4>Permit</em></ins></span> universal
<span class="removed"><del><strong>access.</h5></strong></del></span>
<span class="inserted"><ins><em>access.</h4></em></ins></span>
+<h4>Permit universal access.</h4>
<p>The free encyclopedia should be open to public access by everyone who
can gain access to the web. Those who seek to gain control over
@@ -223,9 +219,7 @@
in no hurry, and there is no sense in getting to the wrong place a few
years sooner.</p>
-<span class="removed"><del><strong><h5>Permit</strong></del></span>
-
-<span class="inserted"><ins><em><h4>Permit</em></ins></span> mirror
<span class="removed"><del><strong>sites.</h5></strong></del></span>
<span class="inserted"><ins><em>sites.</h4></em></ins></span>
+<h4>Permit mirror sites.</h4>
<p>When information is available on the web only at one site, its
availability is vulnerable. A local problem—a computer crash,
@@ -253,9 +247,7 @@
sufficient for now to resolve to make sure people have permission to
do this mirroring when they get around to it.</p>
-<span class="removed"><del><strong><h5>Permit</strong></del></span>
-
-<span class="inserted"><ins><em><h4>Permit</em></ins></span> translation
into other <span
class="removed"><del><strong>languages.</h5></strong></del></span> <span
class="inserted"><ins><em>languages.</h4></em></ins></span>
+<h4>Permit translation into other languages.</h4>
<p>People will have a use for encyclopedia material on each topic in
every human language. But the primary language of the
@@ -292,9 +284,7 @@
Accuracy Societies separate from the actual translators, so that each
translation will be checked by someone other than the translator.</p>
-<span class="removed"><del><strong><h5>Permit</strong></del></span>
-
-<span class="inserted"><ins><em><h4>Permit</em></ins></span> quotation
with <span
class="removed"><del><strong>attribution.</h5></strong></del></span>
<span class="inserted"><ins><em>attribution.</h4></em></ins></span>
+<h4>Permit quotation with attribution.</h4>
<p>Each encyclopedia article or course should permit anyone to quote
arbitrary portions in another encyclopedia article or course, provided
@@ -306,16 +296,14 @@
the rules set for a particular work are not unreasonable or
impractical, they will cause no problem.</p>
-<span class="removed"><del><strong><h5>Permit</strong></del></span>
-
-<span class="inserted"><ins><em><h4>Permit</em></ins></span> modified
versions of <span
class="removed"><del><strong>courses.</h5></strong></del></span> <span
class="inserted"><ins><em>courses.</h4></em></ins></span>
+<h4>Permit modified versions of courses.</h4>
<p>Courses must evolve, and the original authors won't keep working on
them forever. And teachers will want to adapt course materials to
their own curriculum plans and teaching methods. Since courses will
typically be large (like a textbook today), it would be unacceptably
wasteful to tell teachers, “Write your own from scratch, if you
-want to change this”.</p>
+want to change <span
class="removed"><del><strong>this”.</p></strong></del></span> <span
class="inserted"><ins><em>this.”</p></em></ins></span>
<p>Therefore, modifying an existing course must be permitted; each course
should carry a statement giving permission to publish a modified
@@ -329,9 +317,7 @@
<p>The GNU Free Documentation License would be a good license to use for
courses.</p>
-<span class="removed"><del><strong><h5>Permit</strong></del></span>
-
-<span class="inserted"><ins><em><h4>Permit</em></ins></span> modified
versions of pictures and videos, for <span
class="removed"><del><strong>courses.</h5></strong></del></span> <span
class="inserted"><ins><em>courses.</h4></em></ins></span>
+<h4>Permit modified versions of pictures and videos, for
courses.</h4>
<p>Pictures and videos, both drawn and photographic, will play an
important role in many courses. Modifying these pictures and videos
@@ -355,9 +341,7 @@
as modified, to prevent misattribution of their contents, and should
give credit properly to the original.</p>
-<span class="removed"><del><strong><h5>Only</strong></del></span>
-
-<span class="inserted"><ins><em><h4>Only</em></ins></span> free software
in the <span
class="removed"><del><strong>encyclopedia.</h5></strong></del></span>
<span class="inserted"><ins><em>encyclopedia.</h4></em></ins></span>
+<h4>Only free software in the encyclopedia.</h4>
<p>Articles, and especially courses, will often include
software—for example, to display a simulation of a chemical
@@ -365,16 +349,14 @@
ensure that the encyclopedia is indeed free, all software included in
articles and courses should meet the criteria
of <a href="/philosophy/free-sw.html">free software</a>
-and <a href="http://www.opensource.org">open source
software</a>.</p>
+and <a <span
class="removed"><del><strong>href="http://www.opensource.org">open</strong></del></span>
<span
class="inserted"><ins><em>href="https://opensource.org/">open</em></ins></span>
source software</a>.</p>
-<span class="removed"><del><strong><h5>No</strong></del></span>
-
-<span class="inserted"><ins><em><h4>No</em></ins></span> central <span
class="removed"><del><strong>control.</h5></strong></del></span> <span
class="inserted"><ins><em>control.</h4></em></ins></span>
+<h4>No central control.</h4>
<p>People often suggest that “quality control” is essential
for an encyclopedia, and ask what sort of “governing
board” will decide which articles to accept as part of the free
-encyclopedia. The answer is, “no one”. We cannot afford
+encyclopedia. The answer is, “no <span
class="removed"><del><strong>one”.</strong></del></span> <span
class="inserted"><ins><em>one.”</em></ins></span> We cannot afford
to let anyone have such control.</p>
<p>If the free encyclopedia is a success, it will become so ubiquitous
@@ -397,9 +379,7 @@
which will earn respect by their own policies and actions. In a world
where no one is infallible, this is the best we can do.</p>
-<span class="removed"><del><strong><h5>Encourage</strong></del></span>
-
-<span class="inserted"><ins><em><h4>Encourage</em></ins></span> peer
review and <span
class="removed"><del><strong>endorsements.</h5></strong></del></span>
<span class="inserted"><ins><em>endorsements.</h4></em></ins></span>
+<h4>Encourage peer review and endorsements.</h4>
<p>There will be no single organization in charge of what to include in
the encyclopedia or the learning resource, no one that can be lobbied
@@ -423,9 +403,7 @@
modified version would be free to seek new endorsements for that
version.)</p>
-<span class="removed"><del><strong><h5>No</strong></del></span>
-
-<span class="inserted"><ins><em><h4>No</em></ins></span> catalogue,
<span class="removed"><del><strong>yet.</h5></strong></del></span> <span
class="inserted"><ins><em>yet.</h4></em></ins></span>
+<h4>No catalogue, yet.</h4>
<p>When the encyclopedia is well populated, catalogues will be very
important. But we should not try to address the issue of cataloguing
@@ -453,9 +431,7 @@
write them. To start off, we will use http://www.gnu.org/encyclopedia
for this.</p>
-<span class="removed"><del><strong><h5>Making</strong></del></span>
-
-<span class="inserted"><ins><em><h4>Making</em></ins></span> links to
other <span
class="removed"><del><strong>pages.</h5></strong></del></span> <span
class="inserted"><ins><em>pages.</h4></em></ins></span>
+<h4>Making links to other pages.</h4>
<p>The last and most important rule for pages in the encyclopedia is the
exclusionary rule:</p>
@@ -504,9 +480,7 @@
is that we will lose sight of the goal and settle for less. The
exclusionary rule will make sure we keep going all the way.</p>
-<span class="removed"><del><strong><h5>Uphold</strong></del></span>
-
-<span class="inserted"><ins><em><h4>Uphold</em></ins></span> the freedom
to <span
class="removed"><del><strong>contribute.</h5></strong></del></span> <span
class="inserted"><ins><em>contribute.</h4></em></ins></span>
+<h4>Uphold the freedom to contribute.</h4>
<p>As education moves on-line and is increasingly commercialized,
teachers are in danger of losing even the right to make their work
@@ -520,7 +494,7 @@
<p>It will be up to professors to resist this tendency. But there is
more than one way to do so. The most obvious basis for objection is
to say, “I own this work, and I, not the university, have the
-right to sell it to a company if I wish”. But that places the
+right to sell it to a company if I <span
class="removed"><del><strong>wish”.</strong></del></span> <span
class="inserted"><ins><em>wish.”</em></ins></span> But that places the
faculty on the same selfish moral level as the university, so that
neither side has a moral advantage in the argument.
</p>
@@ -543,31 +517,28 @@
business is likely to drive even the elite universities out of the
most lucrative parts of the field.</p>
-<span class="removed"><del><strong><h4>Spread</strong></del></span>
+<span class="removed"><del><strong><h3
class="subheader">Spread</strong></del></span>
-<span class="inserted"><ins><em><h3
class="subheader">Spread</em></ins></span> the <span
class="removed"><del><strong>word.</h4></strong></del></span> <span
class="inserted"><ins><em>word.</h3></em></ins></span>
+<span class="inserted"><ins><em><h3>Spread</em></ins></span> the
word.</h3>
<p>When you post a potential encyclopedia article or a course, you can
reference this plan if you wish, to help spread the word and inspire
others to help.</p>
+<div class="column-limit"></div>
+<span class="removed"><del><strong></div></strong></del></span>
-
-<span class="removed"><del><strong><h3>Works</strong></del></span>
-<span class="inserted"><ins><em><div class="column-limit"></div>
-</div>
-
-<h3 class="footnote">Works</em></ins></span> in Progress</h3>
+<h3 class="footnote">Works in Progress</h3>
<p>Here is a small (and probably incomplete) list of free
encyclopedias:</p>
<ul>
-<li><a
href="http://www.wikipedia.org/">Wikipedia</a></li>
+<li><a <span
class="removed"><del><strong>href="http://www.wikipedia.org/">Wikipedia</a></li></strong></del></span>
<span
class="inserted"><ins><em>href="https://www.wikipedia.org/">Wikipedia</a></li></em></ins></span>
</ul>
-<span class="inserted"><ins><em></div></em></ins></span>
+</div>
</div><!-- for id="content", starts in the include above -->
<!--#include virtual="/server/footer.html" -->
-<div <span
class="removed"><del><strong>id="footer"></strong></del></span> <span
class="inserted"><ins><em>id="footer" role="contentinfo"></em></ins></span>
+<div id="footer" role="contentinfo">
<div class="unprintable">
<p>Please send general FSF & GNU inquiries to
@@ -585,13 +556,13 @@
to <a href="mailto:web-translators@gnu.org">
<web-translators@gnu.org></a>.</p>
- <p>For information on coordinating and <span
class="removed"><del><strong>submitting</strong></del></span> <span
class="inserted"><ins><em>contributing</em></ins></span> translations of
+ <p>For information on coordinating and contributing translations
of
our web pages, see <a
href="/server/standards/README.translations.html">Translations
README</a>. -->
Please see the <a
href="/server/standards/README.translations.html">Translations
-README</a> for information on coordinating and <span
class="removed"><del><strong>submitting</strong></del></span> <span
class="inserted"><ins><em>contributing</em></ins></span> translations
+README</a> for information on coordinating and contributing translations
of this article.</p>
</div>
@@ -612,8 +583,7 @@
There is more detail about copyright years in the GNU Maintainers
Information document, www.gnu.org/prep/maintain. -->
-<p>Copyright © 1999, 2001, 2004, 2005, 2006, 2008, 2009, 2013,
2014, <span class="removed"><del><strong>2016</strong></del></span> <span
class="inserted"><ins><em>2016, 2020, 2021</em></ins></span>
-Free Software Foundation, Inc.</p>
+<p>Copyright © 1999, <span
class="removed"><del><strong>2001,</strong></del></span> 2004, <span
class="removed"><del><strong>2005, 2006, 2008, 2009, 2013, 2014, 2016,
2020,</strong></del></span> 2021 Free Software Foundation, Inc.</p>
<p>This page is licensed under a <a rel="license"
href="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nd/4.0/">Creative
@@ -623,11 +593,12 @@
<p class="unprintable">Updated:
<!-- timestamp start -->
-$Date: 2021/05/31 13:39:46 $
+$Date: 2021/10/30 11:32:48 $
<!-- timestamp end -->
</p>
</div>
-</div>
+<span class="removed"><del><strong></div></strong></del></span>
+<span class="inserted"><ins><em></div><!-- for class="inner", starts
in the banner include --></em></ins></span>
</body>
</html>
</pre></body></html>
Index: distros/po/free-system-distribution-guidelines.ml-diff.html
===================================================================
RCS file: distros/po/free-system-distribution-guidelines.ml-diff.html
diff -N distros/po/free-system-distribution-guidelines.ml-diff.html
--- /dev/null 1 Jan 1970 00:00:00 -0000
+++ distros/po/free-system-distribution-guidelines.ml-diff.html 30 Oct 2021
11:32:47 -0000 1.1
@@ -0,0 +1,395 @@
+<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Strict//EN"
+ "http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-strict.dtd";>
+<!-- Generated by GNUN -->
+<html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"; xml:lang="en" lang="en">
+<head>
+<meta http-equiv="content-type" content="text/html; charset=utf-8" />
+<title>/distros/free-system-distribution-guidelines.html-diff</title>
+<style type="text/css">
+span.removed { background-color: #f22; color: #000; }
+span.inserted { background-color: #2f2; color: #000; }
+</style></head>
+<body><pre>
+<!--#include virtual="/server/header.html" -->
+<!-- Parent-Version: 1.86 -->
+<title>Free System Distribution Guidelines (GNU FSDG) - GNU Project -
Free Software Foundation</title>
+<link rel="alternate" title="Free GNU/Linux distributions"
+ href="http://www.gnu.org/distros/distros.rss";
+ type="application/rss+xml" />
+<!--#include
virtual="/distros/po/free-system-distribution-guidelines.translist" -->
+<!--#include virtual="/server/banner.html" -->
+<h2>Free System Distribution Guidelines (GNU FSDG)</h2>
+<!--#include virtual="/licenses/fsf-licensing.html" -->
+
+<h3 id="introduction">Introduction</h3>
+
+<p>The purpose of these guidelines is to explain what it means for an
+installable system distribution (such as a <a
href="/gnu/linux-and-gnu.html">GNU/Linux</a> distribution) to
+qualify as <a href="/philosophy/free-sw.html">free</a> (libre), and
+help distribution developers make their distributions qualify.</p>
+
+<p>These guidelines are not complete. We have mentioned the issues we
+are aware of now, but we're sure there are more. We will add them
+when we come across them.</p>
+
+<p>We would like to thank the Fedora Project for <span
class="removed"><del><strong>their</strong></del></span> help in focusing
+these policies, and allowing us to use <span
class="removed"><del><strong>their</strong></del></span> <span
class="inserted"><ins><em>its</em></ins></span> own distribution license
+guidelines as a basis for this document.</p>
+
+<h3 id="complete-distros">Complete Distros</h3>
+
+<p>Our list of distributions is a guide for systems you can install in
+a computer. Therefore, it only includes distributions that are
+complete in themselves and ready to use. If a distribution is
+incomplete — if it requires further development, or presupposes
+installing other software as well — then it is not listed here,
+even if it is free software.</p>
+
+<span class="removed"><del><strong><p>An exception</strong></del></span>
+
+<span class="inserted"><ins><em><p>In particular, a free system
distribution should be self-hosting.
+This means that you must be able</em></ins></span> to <span
class="removed"><del><strong>this requirement</strong></del></span> <span
class="inserted"><ins><em>develop</em></ins></span> and <span
class="removed"><del><strong>to</strong></del></span> <span
class="inserted"><ins><em>build</em></ins></span> the <span
class="removed"><del><strong>self-hosting</strong></del></span> <span
class="inserted"><ins><em>system with
+tools that the system provides you. As a result, a free system
+distribution cannot include free software that can only be built by
+using nonfree software.</p>
+
+<p>We make an exception to this</em></ins></span> requirement <span
class="removed"><del><strong>above is</strong></del></span> for <em>small
system
+distributions</em>, which are distros designed for devices with
+limited resources, like a wireless router for example. Free small
+system distributions do not need to be self-hosting or complete,
+because it is impractical to do development on such a system, but it
+must be developable and buildable on top of a free complete system
+distribution from our list of distributions, perhaps with the aid of
+free tools distributed alongside the small system distribution
+itself.</p>
+
+<h3 id="license-rules">License Rules</h3>
+
+<p>“Information for practical use”
+includes software, documentation, fonts, and other data that has
+direct functional applications. It does not include artistic works
+that have an aesthetic (rather than functional) purpose, or statements
+of opinion or judgment.</p>
+
+<p>All information for practical use in a free distribution must be
+available in source form. (“Source” means the form of the
+information that is preferred for making changes to it.)</p>
+
+<p>The information, and the source, must be provided under an
+appropriate <a href="/philosophy/free-sw.html">free license</a>.
We
+evaluate specific licenses and list our determinations
+in <a class="reference" href="/licenses/license-list.html">our license
+list</a>, with separate sections for licenses that are suitable for
+software, documentation, fonts, and other useful works. If such a
+work is released under a disjunction of licenses, the work is free as
+long as at least one of its licenses is free; the system developers
+should follow the terms of the applicable free license(s) when they
+distribute and/or modify it.</p>
+
+<p>A free system distribution must not steer users towards obtaining
+any nonfree information for practical use, or encourage them to do so.
+The system should have no repositories for nonfree software and no
+specific recipes for installation of particular nonfree programs. Nor
+should the distribution refer to third-party repositories that are not
+committed to only including free software; even if they only have free
+software today, that may not be true tomorrow. Programs in the system
+should not suggest installing nonfree plugins, documentation, and so
+on.</p>
+
+<p>For instance, a free system distribution must not contain browsers
+that implement EME, the browser functionality designed to load DRM
+modules.</p>
+
+<span class="removed"><del><strong><p>A free system distribution should
be self-hosting. This means that
+you must be able</strong></del></span>
+
+<span class="inserted"><ins><em><p>Some nonfree distros offer an
installation option</em></ins></span> to <span
class="removed"><del><strong>develop and build</strong></del></span> <span
class="inserted"><ins><em>exclude
+nonfree packages. That option is a step forward, since it makes
+avoiding them much easier, provided</em></ins></span> the <span
class="removed"><del><strong>system with tools that</strong></del></span> <span
class="inserted"><ins><em>distro's implementation of</em></ins></span> the
+<span class="removed"><del><strong>system provides you. As a result, a free
system distribution cannot
+include free</strong></del></span>
+<span class="inserted"><ins><em>option is fully correct. However, the nonfree
packages are
+nonetheless included in the distro. Moreover, we know that most users
+are not strongly committed to</em></ins></span> software <span
class="inserted"><ins><em>freedom, and will not reject
+packages</em></ins></span> that <span class="removed"><del><strong>can only be
built by using</strong></del></span> <span class="inserted"><ins><em>seem handy
just for being nonfree. Practically
+speaking, to list one of these distros as free would mostly lead
+people to install</em></ins></span> nonfree
+<span class="removed"><del><strong>software.</p></strong></del></span>
<span class="inserted"><ins><em>software. For these reasons, we do not list
+them.</p></em></ins></span>
+
+<p>There's a lot of code in most free system distributions today; the
+amount of effort it would take to audit it all directly is impractical
+for most teams. In the past, some nonfree code has accidentally been
+included in free system distributions. We don't de-list distributions
+because of this; instead, we only ask that a distribution's developers
+make a good faith effort to avoid including nonfree software, and
+commit themselves to removing such programs if any are discovered.</p>
+
+<p>Certain kinds of license situations merit special attention for people
+creating or considering free software distributions; those are
+discussed in the sections below.</p>
+
+<h3 id="nonfree-firmware">Nonfree Firmware</h3>
+
+<p>Some applications and drivers require firmware to function, and
+sometimes that firmware is distributed only in object code form, under
+a nonfree license. We call these firmware programs
+“blobs.” On most GNU/Linux systems, you'll typically find
+these accompanying some drivers in the kernel Linux. Such firmware
+should be removed from a free system distribution.</p>
+
+<p>Blobs can take many forms. Sometimes, they will be provided in
+separate files. Other times, they may be incorporated into the source
+of the driver itself—for example, it could be encoded as a large
+array of numbers. But no matter how it's encoded, any nonfree
+firmware needs to be removed from a free system.</p>
+
+<p>(To be clear, not every array of numbers in a driver is firmware.
+It's important to understand the purpose of the data before deciding
+whether or not it's appropriate for a free system.)</p>
+
+<p>Brian Brazil, Jeff Moe, and Alexandre Oliva have developed a series
+of <a class="reference"
+href="http://www.fsfla.org/svn/fsfla/software/linux-libre/scripts/">scripts
+to remove nonfree firmware</a> from a stock version of the Linux kernel.
+You may find them helpful if you would like to develop your own free
+GNU/Linux distribution—although we recommend joining development
+of an existing free distro rather than fragmenting effort by starting a
+new one. The complete source for a blob-free version of the Linux
+kernel is also available; you can learn more about this project from the
+<a class="reference" href="http://directory.fsf.org/project/linux/">Free
+Software Directory</a>.</p>
+
+<h3 id="non-functional-data">Non-functional Data</h3>
+
+<p>Data that isn't functional, that doesn't do a practical job, is
+more of an adornment to the system's software than a part of it.
+Thus, we don't insist on the free license criteria for non-functional
+data. It can be included in a free system distribution as long as its
+license gives you permission to copy and redistribute, both for
+commercial and non-commercial purposes. For example, some game
+engines released under the GNU GPL have accompanying game
+information—a fictional world map, game graphics, and so
+on—released under such a verbatim-distribution license. This
+kind of data can be part of a free system distribution, even though
+its license does not qualify as free, because it is non-functional.</p>
+
+<h3 id="trademarks">Trademarks</h3>
+
+<p>Trademarks are associated with some software. For example, the
+name of a program may be trademarked, or its interface may display a
+trademarked logo. Often, the use of these marks will be controlled
+in some way; in particular, developers are commonly asked to remove
+references to the trademark from the software when they modify
+it.</p>
+
+<p>In extreme cases, these restrictions may effectively render the
+program nonfree. It is unfair for someone to ask you to remove a
+trademark from modified code if that trademark is scattered all
+throughout the original source. As long as the practical
+requirements are reasonable, however, free system distributions may
+include these programs, either with or without the trademarks.</p>
+
+<p>Similarly, the distribution itself may hold particular trademarks.
+It is not a problem if modification requires removal of these
+trademarks, as long as they can readily be removed without losing
+functionality.</p>
+
+<p>However, it is unacceptable to use trademarks to restrict verbatim
+copying and redistribution of the whole distribution, or any part.</p>
+
+<h3 id="documentation">Documentation</h3>
+
+<p>All the documentation in a free system distribution must be released
+under an appropriate free license. Additionally, it must take care
+not to recommend nonfree software.</p>
+
+<p>In general, something that helps people who already use nonfree
+software to use the free software better with it is acceptable, but
+something that encourages users of the free software to install
+nonfree software is not.</p>
+
+<p>For example, a free system distribution may have documentation for
+users setting up dual boot systems. It could explain how to access
+filesystems of the proprietary operating system, import settings
+from it, and so on. That would be helping people install a free
+system distribution on a machine which already has proprietary
+software, which is good.</p>
+
+<p>What would be unacceptable is for the documentation to give people
+instructions for installing a nonfree program on the system, or
+mention conveniences they might gain by doing so.</p>
+
+<p>For a borderline case, a clear and serious exhortation not to use the
+nonfree program would move it to the acceptable side of the line.</p>
+
+<h3 id="patents">Patents</h3>
+
+<p>It is effectively impossible for free software developers and
+distributors to know whether or not a given piece of software
+infringes any patents: there are too many of them, they vary from
+country to country, they're often worded so as to make it hard to tell
+what they do or don't cover, and it isn't easy to tell which ones are
+valid. Therefore, we don't generally ask free system distributions to
+exclude software because of possible threats from patents. On the
+other hand, we also don't object if a distributor chooses to omit some
+software in order to avoid patent risk.</p>
+
+<h3 id="no-malware">No Malware</h3>
+
+<p>The distro must contain no DRM, no back doors, and no
spyware.</p>
+
+<h3 id="mistakes">Commitment to Correct Mistakes</h3>
+
+<p>Most distribution development teams don't have the resources to
+exhaustively check that their distribution meet all these criteria.
+Neither do we. So we expect distros to occasionally contain mistakes:
+nonfree software that slipped through, etc. We don't reject a
+distribution over mistakes. Our requirement is for the distribution
+developers to have a firm commitment to promptly correct any mistakes
+that are reported to them.</p>
+
+<h3 id="maintenance">Maintenance</h3>
+
+<p>To be listed, a distribution should be actively maintained,
+and should give the GNU Project a clear and specific way to report problems
+of nonfree software that we find out about. It should also
+inform us when the problems we have reported are fixed.</p>
+
+<h3 id="name-confusion">Name Confusion</h3>
+
+<p>We will not list a distribution whose name makes confusion with
+nonfree distributions likely. For example, if Foobar Light is a free
+distribution and Foobar is a nonfree distribution, we will not list
+Foobar Light. This is because we expect that the distinction between
+the two would be lost in the process of communicating the message.</p>
+
+<p>In particular, the principal name of the free distribution
+(“Foobar”, in this example) should not be part of the name
+of any nonfree distribution.</p>
+
+<p>Some people have thought of adding the name “GNU” to a
+free distro name to distinguish it from a nonfree one. This has two
+problems. First, the two names would not be sufficiently different,
+since the principal word in both names would be the same.</p>
+
+<p>Second, this would promote a misunderstanding of what
+“GNU” means. <a href="/gnu/linux-and-gnu.html">GNU is an
+operating system</a>, typically used with Linux as the kernel, and
+essentially all so-called “Linux” distributions are really
+GNU/Linux distributions. In this scenario,
+<em>both</em> versions are GNU/Linux, and it would be misleading to
+omit “GNU” from the name of one of them.</p>
+
+<h3 id="upstream">Contacting Upstream If You're Downstream</h3>
+
+<p>For distro developers (or anyone else) who have sent an important bug
+report for a GNU package: if it has gone unheeded by the package
+maintainer after a reasonable time (please allow at least two weeks),
+you can escalate the bug by writing to <maintainers@gnu.org>.
+This is especially warranted if you can't find evidence of recent
+activity by the package maintainer.</p>
+
+<h3 id="teaching">Please Teach Users about Free Software</h3>
+
+<p>To establish lasting freedom, just giving users freedom isn't
+sufficient. It is necessary also to teach them to understand what it
+means and to demand it. Thus, we suggest and urge that free distros
+announce prominently on the screen, before login and on the default
+desktop after login, a prominent statement about freedom, such as
+“This system is freedom-respecting free/libre software” or
+something comparable, and to present a link or icon pointing at
+gnu.org or gnu.org/philosophy for further information about the
+issue.</p>
+
+<h3 id="words-to-avoid">Please Avoid Repeating Propaganda and
Confusion</h3>
+
+<p>Please see our list
+of <a href="/philosophy/words-to-avoid.html">words to avoid</a>,
which
+are either biased, misguided or misleading, and try to avoid them in
+your public statements and discussions with the public.</p>
+
+<h3 id="final-notes">Final Notes</h3>
+
+<p>We maintain a list of the <a
href="/distros/free-distros.html">free
+GNU system distributions</a> we know about. If you know about a free
+distribution that isn't listed there, please ask its developers write
+to <<a class="reference"
+href="mailto:webmasters@gnu.org">webmasters@gnu.org</a>> with a
description of
+their system and a link to their web page.</p>
+
+<p>We also list <a href="/distros/free-non-gnu-distros.html">free
+non-GNU system distributions</a> on the same ethical
conditions.</p>
+
+<p>If you have questions or comments about these guidelines
+themselves, feel free to send those to <<a class="reference"
+href="mailto:licensing@fsf.org">licensing@fsf.org</a>>. We hope
+that they help everyone better understand the issues that are important
+for free system distributions, and we look forward to promoting more
+of them in the future.</p>
+
+</div><!-- for id="content", starts in the include above -->
+<!--#include virtual="/server/footer.html" -->
+<div id="footer">
+<div class="unprintable">
+
+<p>Please send general FSF & GNU inquiries to
+<a href="mailto:gnu@gnu.org"><gnu@gnu.org></a>.
+There are also <a href="/contact/">other ways to contact</a>
+the FSF. Broken links and other corrections or suggestions can be sent
+to <a
href="mailto:webmasters@gnu.org"><webmasters@gnu.org></a>.</p>
+
+<p><!-- TRANSLATORS: Ignore the original text in this paragraph,
+ replace it with the translation of these two:
+
+ We work hard and do our best to provide accurate, good quality
+ translations. However, we are not exempt from imperfection.
+ Please send your comments and general suggestions in this regard
+ to <a href="mailto:web-translators@gnu.org">
+ <web-translators@gnu.org></a>.</p>
+
+ <p>For information on coordinating and submitting translations of
+ our web pages, see <a
+ href="/server/standards/README.translations.html">Translations
+ README</a>. -->
+Please see the <a
+href="/server/standards/README.translations.html">Translations
+README</a> for information on coordinating and submitting translations
+of this article.</p>
+</div>
+
+<!-- Regarding copyright, in general, standalone pages (as opposed to
+ files generated as part of manuals) on the GNU web server should
+ be under CC BY-ND 4.0. Please do NOT change or remove this
+ without talking with the webmasters or licensing team first.
+ Please make sure the copyright date is consistent with the
+ document. For web pages, it is ok to list just the latest year the
+ document was modified, or published.
+
+ If you wish to list earlier years, that is ok too.
+ Either "2001, 2002, 2003" or "2001-2003" are ok for specifying
+ years, as long as each year in the range is in fact a copyrightable
+ year, i.e., a year in which the document was published (including
+ being publicly visible on the web or in a revision control system).
+
+ There is more detail about copyright years in the GNU Maintainers
+ Information document, www.gnu.org/prep/maintain. -->
+
+<p>Copyright © 2014, 2015, 2017, <span
class="removed"><del><strong>2018</strong></del></span> <span
class="inserted"><ins><em>2018, 2021</em></ins></span> Free Software
Foundation, Inc.</p>
+
+<p>This page is licensed under a <a rel="license"
+href="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nd/4.0/">Creative
+Commons Attribution-NoDerivatives 4.0 International
License</a>.</p>
+
+<!--#include virtual="/server/bottom-notes.html" -->
+
+<p class="unprintable">Updated:
+<!-- timestamp start -->
+$Date: 2021/10/30 11:32:47 $
+<!-- timestamp end -->
+</p>
+</div>
+</div><!-- for class="inner", starts in the banner include -->
+</body>
+</html>
+</pre></body></html>
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+<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Strict//EN"
+ "http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-strict.dtd";>
+<!-- Generated by GNUN -->
+<html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"; xml:lang="en" lang="en">
+<head>
+<meta http-equiv="content-type" content="text/html; charset=utf-8" />
+<title>/encyclopedia/free-encyclopedia.html-diff</title>
+<style type="text/css">
+span.removed { background-color: #f22; color: #000; }
+span.inserted { background-color: #2f2; color: #000; }
+</style></head>
+<body><pre>
+<!--#include virtual="/server/header.html" -->
+<!-- Parent-Version: <span
class="removed"><del><strong>1.95</strong></del></span> <span
class="inserted"><ins><em>1.96 -->
+<!-- This page is derived from
/server/standards/boilerplate.html</em></ins></span> -->
+<title>The Free Universal Encyclopedia and Learning Resource
+- GNU Project - Free Software Foundation</title>
+<!--#include virtual="/encyclopedia/po/free-encyclopedia.translist" -->
+<!--#include virtual="/server/banner.html" -->
+<div <span
class="removed"><del><strong>class="reduced-width"></strong></del></span>
<span class="inserted"><ins><em>class="article
reduced-width"></em></ins></span>
+<h2>The Free Universal Encyclopedia and Learning Resource</h2>
+
+<img src="/encyclopedia/logo.png" alt=" [Encyclopedia logo] "
+ class="imgright" style="width:8em; max-width:20%" />
+<address class="byline">by Richard Stallman</address>
+<p><a href="/encyclopedia/free-encyclopedia-1998-draft.html">First
+ draft</a></p>
+<p><a
href="/encyclopedia/encyclopedia-announcement.txt">Announcement of the
+ Project</a></p>
+<div class="thin"></div>
+
+<span class="removed"><del><strong><div
class="article"></strong></del></span>
+
+<p>The World Wide Web has the potential to develop into a universal
+encyclopedia covering all areas of knowledge, and a complete library
+of instructional courses. This outcome could happen without any
+special effort, if no one interferes. But corporations are mobilizing
+now to direct the future down a different track—one in which
+they control and restrict access to learning materials, so as to
+extract money from people who want to learn.</p>
+
+<p>To ensure that the web develops toward the best and most natural
+outcome, where it becomes a free encyclopedia, we must make a
+conscious effort to prevent deliberate sequestration of the
+encyclopedic and educational information on the net. We cannot stop
+business from restricting the information it makes available; what we
+can do is provide an alternative. We need to launch a movement to
+develop a universal free encyclopedia, much as the Free Software
+movement gave us the free software operating system GNU/Linux. The
+free encyclopedia will provide an alternative to the restricted ones
+that media corporations will write.</p>
+
+<p>The rest of this article aims to lay out what the free encyclopedia
+needs to do, what sort of freedoms it needs to give the public, and
+how we can get started on developing it.</p>
+
+<span class="removed"><del><strong><h3
class="subheader">An</strong></del></span>
+
+<span class="inserted"><ins><em><h3>An</em></ins></span> encyclopedia
located everywhere.</h3>
+
+<p>
+In the past, encyclopedias have been written under the direction of a
+single organization, which made all decisions about the content, and
+have been published in a centralized fashion. It would not make sense
+to develop and publish the free encyclopedia in those ways—they
+fit poorly with the nature of the World Wide Web and with the
+resources available for writing the encyclopedia.
+</p>
+
+<p>The free encyclopedia will not be published in any one place. It will
+consist of all web pages that cover suitable topics, and have been
+made suitably available. These pages will be developed in a
+decentralized manner by thousands of contributors, each independently
+writing articles and posting them on various web servers. No one
+organization will be in charge, because such centralization would be
+incompatible with decentralized progress.</p>
+
+<span class="removed"><del><strong><h3
class="subheader">Who</strong></del></span>
+
+<span class="inserted"><ins><em><h3>Who</em></ins></span> will write the
encyclopedia?</h3>
+
+<p>In principle, anyone is welcome to write articles for the
+encyclopedia. But as we reach out for people to help, the most
+promising places to look are among teachers and students. Teachers
+generally like to teach, and writing an article a year for the
+encyclopedia would be an enjoyable change from their classroom duties.
+For students, a major school paper could become an encyclopedia
+article, if done especially well.</p>
+
+<span class="removed"><del><strong><h3
class="subheader">Small</strong></del></span>
+
+<span class="inserted"><ins><em><h3>Small</em></ins></span> steps will
do the job.</h3>
+
+<p>When a project is exciting, it is easy to imagine a big contribution
+that you would like to make, bite off more than you can chew, and
+ultimately give up with nothing to show for it.</p>
+
+<p>So it is important to welcome and encourage smaller contributions.
+Writing a textbook for a whole semester's material is a big job, and
+only a small fraction of teachers will contribute that much. But
+writing about a topic small enough for one meeting of a class is a
+contribution that many can afford to make. Enough of these small
+contributions can cover the whole range of knowledge.</p>
+
+<span class="removed"><del><strong><h3
class="subheader">Take</strong></del></span>
+
+<span class="inserted"><ins><em><h3>Take</em></ins></span> the long
view.</h3>
+
+<p>The encyclopedia is a big job, and it won't be finished in a year. If
+it takes twenty years to complete the free encyclopedia, that will be
+but an instant in the history of literature and civilization.</p>
+
+<p>In projects like this, progress is slow for the first few years; then
+it accelerates as the work that has been done attracts more and more
+people to join in. Eventually there is an avalanche of progress. So
+we should not feel discouraged when the first few years do not bring
+us close to completion. It makes sense to choose the first steps to
+illustrate what can be done, and to spread interest in the long-term
+goal, so as to inspire others to join in.</p>
+
+<p>This means that the pioneers' job, in the early years, is above all to
+be steadfast. We must be on guard against downgrading to a less
+useful, less idealistic goal, just because of the magnitude of the
+task. Instead of measuring our early steps against the size of the
+whole job, we should think of them as examples, and have confidence
+that they will inspire a growing number of contributors to join and
+finish the job.</p>
+
+<span class="removed"><del><strong><h3
class="subheader">Evangelize.</h3></strong></del></span>
+
+<span
class="inserted"><ins><em><h3>Evangelize.</h3></em></ins></span>
+
+<p>Since we hope that teachers and students at many colleges around the
+world will join in writing contributions to the free encyclopedia,
+let's not leave this to chance. There are already scattered examples
+of what can be done. Let's present these examples systematically to
+the academic community, show the vision of the free universal
+encyclopedia, and invite others to join in writing it.</p>
+
+<span class="removed"><del><strong><h3
class="subheader">What</strong></del></span>
+
+<span class="inserted"><ins><em><h3>What</em></ins></span> should the
free encyclopedia contain?</h3>
+
+<p>The free encyclopedia should aim eventually to include one or more
+articles for any topic you would expect to find in another
+encyclopedia. In addition, since there is no practical limit to the
+amount of encyclopedic material that can be on the web, this
+encyclopedia should eventually also cover the more advanced and
+specialized topics you might expect to find in specialized
+encyclopedias, such as an “Encyclopedia of <span
class="removed"><del><strong>Physics”,</strong></del></span> <span
class="inserted"><ins><em>Physics,”</em></ins></span>
+“Encyclopedia of <span
class="removed"><del><strong>Medicine”,</strong></del></span> <span
class="inserted"><ins><em>Medicine,”</em></ins></span>
“Encyclopedia of
+<span class="removed"><del><strong>Gardening”,</strong></del></span>
+<span class="inserted"><ins><em>Gardening,”</em></ins></span> or
“Encyclopedia of <span
class="removed"><del><strong>Cooking”.</strong></del></span> <span
class="inserted"><ins><em>Cooking.”</em></ins></span> It could
+go even further; for example, bird watchers might eventually
+contribute an article on each species of bird, along with pictures and
+recordings of its calls.</p>
+
+<p>However, only some kinds of information belong in an encyclopedia.
+For example, scholarly papers, detailed statistical data bases, news
+reports, fiction and art, extensive bibliographies, and catalogs of
+merchandise, useful as they are, are outside the scope of an
+encyclopedia. (Some of the articles might usefully contain links to
+such works.)</p>
+
+<p>Courses in the learning resource are a generalization to hypertext of
+the textbooks used for teaching a subject to yourself or to a class.
+The learning resource should eventually include courses for all
+academic subjects, from mathematics to art history, and practical
+subjects such as gardening as well, to the extent this makes sense.
+(Some practical subjects, such as massage or instrumental ensemble
+playing, may not be possible to study from a “book”
+without a human teacher—these are arguably less useful to
+include.) It should cover these subjects at all the levels that are
+useful, which might in some cases range from first grade to graduate
+school.</p>
+
+<p>A useful encyclopedia article will address a specific topic at a
+particular level, and each author will contribute mainly by focusing
+on an area that he or she knows very well. But we should keep in the
+back of our minds, while doing this, the vision of a free encyclopedia
+that is universal in scope—so that we can firmly reject any
+attempt to put artificial limits on either the scope or the free
+status of the encyclopedia.</p>
+
+<span class="removed"><del><strong><h3
class="subheader">Criteria</strong></del></span>
+
+<span class="inserted"><ins><em><h3>Criteria</em></ins></span> pages
must meet.</h3>
+
+<p>To ensure this encyclopedia is indeed a free and universal
+encyclopedia, we must set criteria of freeness for encyclopedia
+articles and courses to meet.
+</p>
+
+<p>
+Conventional non-free encyclopedias published by companies such as
+Microsoft will surely be made available on the web, sooner or
+later—but you will probably have to pay to read an article, and
+you surely won't be allowed to redistribute them. If we are content
+with knowledge as a commodity, accessible only through a computerized
+bureaucracy, we can simply let companies provide it.
+</p>
+
+<p>
+But if we want to keep human knowledge open and freely available to
+humanity, we have to do the work to make it available that way. We
+have to write a free encyclopedia—so we must first determine the
+proper interpretation of “free” for an encyclopedia on the
+Internet. We must decide what criteria of freedom a free encyclopedia
+and a free learning resource should meet.</p>
+
+<h4>Permit universal access.</h4>
+
+<p>The free encyclopedia should be open to public access by everyone who
+can gain access to the web. Those who seek to gain control over
+educational materials, so they can profit by restricting access to
+them, will push us to “compromise” by agreeing to restrict
+access in exchange for their participation. We must stand firm, and
+reject any deal that is inconsistent with the ultimate goal. We are
+in no hurry, and there is no sense in getting to the wrong place a few
+years sooner.</p>
+
+<h4>Permit mirror sites.</h4>
+
+<p>When information is available on the web only at one site, its
+availability is vulnerable. A local problem—a computer crash,
+an earthquake or flood, a budget cut, a change in policy of the school
+administration—could cut off access for everyone forever. To
+guard against loss of the encyclopedia's material, we should make sure
+that every piece of the encyclopedia is available from many sites on
+the Internet, and that new copies can be put up if some disappear.</p>
+
+<p>There is no need to set up an organization or a bureaucracy to do
+this, because Internet users like to set up “mirror sites”
+which hold duplicate copies of interesting web pages. What we must do
+in advance is ensure that this is legally permitted.</p>
+
+<p>Therefore, each encyclopedia article and each course should explicitly
+grant irrevocable permission for anyone to make verbatim copies
+available on mirror sites. This permission should be one of the basic
+stated principles of the free encyclopedia.</p>
+
+<p>Some day there may be systematic efforts to ensure that each article
+and course is replicated in many copies—perhaps at least once on
+each of the six inhabited continents. This would be a natural
+extension of the mission of archiving that libraries undertake today.
+But it would be premature to make formal plans for this now. It is
+sufficient for now to resolve to make sure people have permission to
+do this mirroring when they get around to it.</p>
+
+<h4>Permit translation into other languages.</h4>
+
+<p>People will have a use for encyclopedia material on each topic in
+every human language. But the primary language of the
+Internet—as of the world of commerce and science today—is
+English. Most likely, encyclopedia contributions in English will run
+ahead of other languages, and the encyclopedia will approach
+completeness in English first.</p>
+
+<p>Trying to fight this tendency would be self-defeating. The easier way
+to make the encyclopedia available in all languages is by encouraging
+one person to translate what another has written. In this way, each
+article can be translated into many languages.</p>
+
+<p>But if this requires explicit permission, it will be too difficult.
+Therefore, we must adopt a basic rule that anyone is permitted to
+publish an accurate translation of any article or course, with proper
+attribution. Each article and each course should carry a statement
+giving permission for translations.</p>
+
+<p>To ensure accuracy of translation, the author of the original should
+reserve the right to insist on corrections in a translation. A
+translator should perhaps have to give the original author a
+reasonable amount of time to do this, perhaps three months, before
+publishing the translation in the first place. After that, the
+translator should continue to make corrections at the author's
+request, whenever the author asks for them.</p>
+
+<p>In time, as the number of people involved in encyclopedia activity
+increases, contributors may form Translation Accuracy Societies for
+various languages, which undertake to ensure the accuracy of
+translations into those languages. An author could then designate a
+Translation Accuracy Society to check and correct a certain
+translation of a certain work. It may be wise to keep the Translation
+Accuracy Societies separate from the actual translators, so that each
+translation will be checked by someone other than the translator.</p>
+
+<h4>Permit quotation with attribution.</h4>
+
+<p>Each encyclopedia article or course should permit anyone to quote
+arbitrary portions in another encyclopedia article or course, provided
+proper attribution is given. This will make it possible to build on
+the work others have done, without the need to completely replace it.</p>
+
+<p>Different authors may—if they care—set different rules for
+what constitutes proper attribution to them; that is ok. As long as
+the rules set for a particular work are not unreasonable or
+impractical, they will cause no problem.</p>
+
+<h4>Permit modified versions of courses.</h4>
+
+<p>Courses must evolve, and the original authors won't keep working on
+them forever. And teachers will want to adapt course materials to
+their own curriculum plans and teaching methods. Since courses will
+typically be large (like a textbook today), it would be unacceptably
+wasteful to tell teachers, “Write your own from scratch, if you
+want to change <span
class="removed"><del><strong>this”.</p></strong></del></span> <span
class="inserted"><ins><em>this.”</p></em></ins></span>
+
+<p>Therefore, modifying an existing course must be permitted; each course
+should carry a statement giving permission to publish a modified
+version.</p>
+
+<p>It makes sense to require modified versions to carry proper
+attribution giving credit to the authors of the previous version, and
+be labelled clearly as modified, so that there is no confusion about
+whose views they present.</p>
+
+<p>The GNU Free Documentation License would be a good license to use for
+courses.</p>
+
+<h4>Permit modified versions of pictures and videos, for
courses.</h4>
+
+<p>Pictures and videos, both drawn and photographic, will play an
+important role in many courses. Modifying these pictures and videos
+will be pedagogically useful. For example, you could crop a picture
+to focus attention on a certain feature, or circle or label particular
+features. Using false color can help make certain aspects easier to
+see. Image enhancement is also possible.</p>
+
+<p>Beyond that, an altered version of a picture could illustrate a
+different but related idea. You could start with a diagram useful for
+one theorem in geometry, and add to it, to produce a diagram that is
+relevant to another theorem.</p>
+
+<p>Permission to modify pictures and videos is particularly important
+because the alternative, to make your own picture or video from
+scratch, is often very hard. It is not terribly hard to write your
+own text, to convey certain facts from your own angle, but doing the
+same thing with a picture is not feasible.</p>
+
+<p>Of course, modified versions of pictures and videos should be labeled
+as modified, to prevent misattribution of their contents, and should
+give credit properly to the original.</p>
+
+<h4>Only free software in the encyclopedia.</h4>
+
+<p>Articles, and especially courses, will often include
+software—for example, to display a simulation of a chemical
+reaction, or teach you how often to stir a sauce so it won't burn. To
+ensure that the encyclopedia is indeed free, all software included in
+articles and courses should meet the criteria
+of <a href="/philosophy/free-sw.html">free software</a>
+and <a <span
class="removed"><del><strong>href="http://www.opensource.org">open</strong></del></span>
<span
class="inserted"><ins><em>href="https://opensource.org/">open</em></ins></span>
source software</a>.</p>
+
+<h4>No central control.</h4>
+
+<p>People often suggest that “quality control” is essential
+for an encyclopedia, and ask what sort of “governing
+board” will decide which articles to accept as part of the free
+encyclopedia. The answer is, “no <span
class="removed"><del><strong>one”.</strong></del></span> <span
class="inserted"><ins><em>one.”</em></ins></span> We cannot afford
+to let anyone have such control.</p>
+
+<p>If the free encyclopedia is a success, it will become so ubiquitous
+and important that we dare not allow any organization to decide what
+counts as part of it. This organization would have too much power;
+people would seek to politicize or corrupt it, and could easily
+succeed.</p>
+
+<p>The only solution to that problem is not to have any such
+organization, and reject the idea of centralized quality control.
+Instead, we should let everyone decide. If a web page is about a
+suitable topic, and meets the criteria for an article, then we can
+consider it an article. If a page meets the criteria for a course,
+then we can consider it a course.</p>
+
+<p>But what some pages are erroneous, or even deceptive? We cannot
+assume this won't happen. But the corrective is for other articles to
+point out the error. Instead of having “quality control”
+by one privileged organization, we will have review by various groups,
+which will earn respect by their own policies and actions. In a world
+where no one is infallible, this is the best we can do.</p>
+
+<h4>Encourage peer review and endorsements.</h4>
+
+<p>There will be no single organization in charge of what to include in
+the encyclopedia or the learning resource, no one that can be lobbied
+to exclude “creation science” or holocaust denial (or, by
+the same token, lobbied to exclude evolution or the history of Nazi
+death camps). Where there is controversy, multiple views will be
+represented. So it will be useful for readers to be able to see who
+endorses or has reviewed a given article's version of the subject.</p>
+
+<p>In fields such as science, engineering, and history, there are formal
+standards of peer review. We should encourage authors of articles and
+courses to seek peer review, both through existing formal scholarly
+mechanisms, and through the informal mechanism of asking respected
+names in the field for permission to cite their endorsement in the
+article or course.</p>
+
+<p>A peer-review endorsement applies to one version of a work, not to
+modified versions. Therefore, when a course has peer-review
+endorsements, it should require anyone who publishes a modified
+version of the course to remove the endorsements. (The author of the
+modified version would be free to seek new endorsements for that
+version.)</p>
+
+<h4>No catalogue, yet.</h4>
+
+<p>When the encyclopedia is well populated, catalogues will be very
+important. But we should not try to address the issue of cataloguing
+now, because it is premature. What we need this year and for the
+coming years is to write articles. Once we have them, once we have a
+large number of volunteers producing a large number of articles, that
+will be the time to catalogue them. At that time, enough people will
+be interested in the encyclopedia to provide the manpower to do the
+work.</p>
+
+<p>Since no one organization will be in charge of the encyclopedia, there
+cannot be one authoritative catalogue. Instead, anyone will be free
+to make a catalogue, just as anyone is free to provide peer review.
+Cataloguers will gain respect according to their decisions.</p>
+
+<p>Encyclopedia pages will surely be listed in ordinary web search sites,
+and perhaps those are the only catalogues that will be needed. But
+true catalogues should permit redistribution, translation, and
+modification—that is, the criteria for courses should apply to
+catalogues as well.</p>
+
+<p>What can usefully be done from the beginning is to report new
+encyclopedia articles to a particular site, which can record their
+names as raw material for real catalogues, whenever people start to
+write them. To start off, we will use http://www.gnu.org/encyclopedia
+for this.</p>
+
+<h4>Making links to other pages.</h4>
+
+<p>The last and most important rule for pages in the encyclopedia is the
+exclusionary rule:</p>
+<blockquote><p>
+ If a page on the web covers subject matter that ought to be in the
+ encyclopedia or the course library, but its license is too
+ restricted to qualify, we must not make links to it from
+ encyclopedia articles or from courses.
+</p></blockquote>
+
+<p>This rule will make sure we respect our own rules, in the same way
+that the exclusionary rule for evidence is supposed to make police
+respect their own rules: by not allowing us to treat work which fails
+to meet the criteria as if it did meet them.</p>
+
+<p>The idea of the World Wide Web is that links tie various separate
+pages into a larger whole. So when encyclopedia articles or courses
+link to a certain page, those links effectively make the page part of
+the encyclopedia. To claim otherwise would be self-deception. If we
+are to take seriously the criteria set forth above, or any criteria
+whatsoever, we have to base our actions on them, by not incorporating
+a page into our network of pages if it doesn't fit the criteria.</p>
+
+<p>When a topic ought to be covered in the encyclopedia or with a course,
+but it isn't, we must make sure we don't forget that we have a gap.
+The exclusionary rule will remind us. Each time we think of making a
+link to the unacceptable page, and we stop because of the exclusionary
+rule, that will remind us that someone ought to write another page
+about the same topic—one that is free enough to be part of the
+encyclopedia. Eventually, one of us will do the job.
+</p>
+
+<p>
+On the other hand, many web pages cover material that wouldn't
+normally be included in an encyclopedia—for example, scholarly
+papers, detailed statistical data bases, news reports, fiction and
+art, extensive bibliographies, and catalogs of merchandise. Such
+pages, regardless of whether they are free enough to be in the
+encyclopedia, are outside its scope. They do not represent gaps in
+the encyclopedia. So there is no need to apply the encyclopedia
+criteria in making links to such pages.</p>
+
+<p>To produce a complete encyclopedia which satisfies the principles of
+freedom stated here will take a long time, but we will get it done
+eventually—as long as we remember the goal. The greatest danger
+is that we will lose sight of the goal and settle for less. The
+exclusionary rule will make sure we keep going all the way.</p>
+
+<h4>Uphold the freedom to contribute.</h4>
+
+<p>As education moves on-line and is increasingly commercialized,
+teachers are in danger of losing even the right to make their work
+freely available to the public. Some universities have tried to claim
+ownership over on-line materials produced by teachers, to turn it into
+commercial “courseware” with restricted use. Meanwhile,
+other universities have outsourced their on-line services to
+corporations, some of which claim to own all materials posted on the
+university web sites.</p>
+
+<p>It will be up to professors to resist this tendency. But there is
+more than one way to do so. The most obvious basis for objection is
+to say, “I own this work, and I, not the university, have the
+right to sell it to a company if I <span
class="removed"><del><strong>wish”.</strong></del></span> <span
class="inserted"><ins><em>wish.”</em></ins></span> But that places the
+faculty on the same selfish moral level as the university, so that
+neither side has a moral advantage in the argument.
+</p>
+
+<p>
+If, on the other hand, professors say, “I want to be able to
+make my work fully available to the public without restriction,”
+they occupy the commanding moral position, which a university can
+oppose only by setting itself against the public, against learning,
+and against scholarship.</p>
+
+<p>Resisting the selling of the university will not be easy. Professors
+had better make use of any advantage they can find—especially
+moral advantages.</p>
+
+<p>Two other points that will help are that (1) a few prestigious
+universities will probably gobble up most of the commercial business,
+so other universities would be deluding themselves to think they can
+really get a great deal of funds from selling themselves, and (2)
+business is likely to drive even the elite universities out of the
+most lucrative parts of the field.</p>
+
+<span class="removed"><del><strong><h3
class="subheader">Spread</strong></del></span>
+
+<span class="inserted"><ins><em><h3>Spread</em></ins></span> the
word.</h3>
+
+<p>When you post a potential encyclopedia article or a course, you can
+reference this plan if you wish, to help spread the word and inspire
+others to help.</p>
+<div class="column-limit"></div>
+<span class="removed"><del><strong></div></strong></del></span>
+
+<h3 class="footnote">Works in Progress</h3>
+
+<p>Here is a small (and probably incomplete) list of free
encyclopedias:</p>
+
+<ul>
+<li><a <span
class="removed"><del><strong>href="http://www.wikipedia.org/">Wikipedia</a></li></strong></del></span>
<span
class="inserted"><ins><em>href="https://www.wikipedia.org/">Wikipedia</a></li></em></ins></span>
+</ul>
+
+</div>
+</div><!-- for id="content", starts in the include above -->
+<!--#include virtual="/server/footer.html" -->
+<div id="footer" role="contentinfo">
+<div class="unprintable">
+
+<p>Please send general FSF & GNU inquiries to
+<a href="mailto:gnu@gnu.org"><gnu@gnu.org></a>.
+There are also <a href="/contact/">other ways to contact</a>
+the FSF. Broken links and other corrections or suggestions can be sent
+to <a
href="mailto:webmasters@gnu.org"><webmasters@gnu.org></a>.</p>
+
+<p><!-- TRANSLATORS: Ignore the original text in this paragraph,
+ replace it with the translation of these two:
+
+ We work hard and do our best to provide accurate, good quality
+ translations. However, we are not exempt from imperfection.
+ Please send your comments and general suggestions in this regard
+ to <a href="mailto:web-translators@gnu.org">
+ <web-translators@gnu.org></a>.</p>
+
+ <p>For information on coordinating and contributing translations
of
+ our web pages, see <a
+ href="/server/standards/README.translations.html">Translations
+ README</a>. -->
+Please see the <a
+href="/server/standards/README.translations.html">Translations
+README</a> for information on coordinating and contributing translations
+of this article.</p>
+</div>
+
+<!-- Regarding copyright, in general, standalone pages (as opposed to
+ files generated as part of manuals) on the GNU web server should
+ be under CC BY-ND 4.0. Please do NOT change or remove this
+ without talking with the webmasters or licensing team first.
+ Please make sure the copyright date is consistent with the
+ document. For web pages, it is ok to list just the latest year the
+ document was modified, or published.
+
+ If you wish to list earlier years, that is ok too.
+ Either "2001, 2002, 2003" or "2001-2003" are ok for specifying
+ years, as long as each year in the range is in fact a copyrightable
+ year, i.e., a year in which the document was published (including
+ being publicly visible on the web or in a revision control system).
+
+ There is more detail about copyright years in the GNU Maintainers
+ Information document, www.gnu.org/prep/maintain. -->
+
+<p>Copyright © 1999, <span
class="removed"><del><strong>2001,</strong></del></span> 2004, <span
class="removed"><del><strong>2005, 2006, 2008, 2009, 2013, 2014, 2016,
2020,</strong></del></span> 2021 Free Software Foundation, Inc.</p>
+
+<p>This page is licensed under a <a rel="license"
+href="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nd/4.0/">Creative
+Commons Attribution-NoDerivatives 4.0 International
License</a>.</p>
+
+<!--#include virtual="/server/bottom-notes.html" -->
+
+<p class="unprintable">Updated:
+<!-- timestamp start -->
+$Date: 2021/10/30 11:32:48 $
+<!-- timestamp end -->
+</p>
+</div>
+<span class="removed"><del><strong></div></strong></del></span>
+<span class="inserted"><ins><em></div><!-- for class="inner", starts
in the banner include --></em></ins></span>
+</body>
+</html>
+</pre></body></html>
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