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From: |
Wensheng XIE |
|
Subject: |
www/philosophy/po danger-of-software-patents.zh... |
|
Date: |
Fri, 29 Oct 2021 05:41:14 -0400 (EDT) |
CVSROOT: /web/www
Module name: www
Changes by: Wensheng XIE <wxie> 21/10/29 05:41:14
Added files:
philosophy/po : danger-of-software-patents.zh-cn.po
Log message:
zh_CN: new translation
CVSWeb URLs:
http://web.cvs.savannah.gnu.org/viewcvs/www/philosophy/po/danger-of-software-patents.zh-cn.po?cvsroot=www&rev=1.1
Patches:
Index: danger-of-software-patents.zh-cn.po
===================================================================
RCS file: danger-of-software-patents.zh-cn.po
diff -N danger-of-software-patents.zh-cn.po
--- /dev/null 1 Jan 1970 00:00:00 -0000
+++ danger-of-software-patents.zh-cn.po 29 Oct 2021 09:41:13 -0000 1.1
@@ -0,0 +1,2508 @@
+# Simplified Chinese translation of
https://www.gnu.org/philosophy/danger-of-software-patents.html
+# Copyright (C) 2021 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
+# This file is distributed under the same license as the original article.
+# Wensheng Xie <wxie@member.fsf.org>, 2021.
+#
+msgid ""
+msgstr ""
+"Project-Id-Version: danger-of-software-patents.html\n"
+"POT-Creation-Date: 2020-07-07 12:25+0000\n"
+"PO-Revision-Date: 2021-10-29 17:35+0800\n"
+"Last-Translator: Wensheng Xie <wxie@member.fsf.org>\n"
+"Language-Team: Chinese <www-zh-cn-translators@gnu.org>\n"
+"Language: zh_CN\n"
+"MIME-Version: 1.0\n"
+"Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8\n"
+"Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit\n"
+
+#. type: Content of: <title>
+msgid "The Danger of Software Patents - GNU Project - Free Software Foundation"
+msgstr "软件ä¸å©ä¹å±é© - GNU å·¥ç¨ - èªç±è½¯ä»¶åºéä¼"
+
+#. type: Content of: <h2>
+msgid "The Danger of Software Patents"
+msgstr "软件ä¸å©ä¹å±é©"
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid "by <a href=\"http://www.stallman.org/\";>Richard Stallman</a>"
+msgstr "<a href=\"https://www.stallman.org/\";>Richard Stallman</a> è"
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"This is the transcript of a talk presented by Richard M. Stallman on 8 "
+"October 2009 at Victoria University of Wellington."
+msgstr ""
+"è¿æ¯ Richard M. Stallman 2009 å¹´ 10 æ 8 æ¥
å¨å¨çµé¡¿çç»´å¤å©äºå¤§å¦æä½æ¼è®²ç"
+"ç¬å½ã"
+
+#. type: Content of: <dl><dt>
+msgid "SF:"
+msgstr "SF:"
+
+#. type: Content of: <dl><dd><p>
+msgid ""
+"My name is Susy Frankel and on behalf of myself and Meredith Kolsky Lewis, "
+"I'd like to welcome you to this seminar hosted by the New Zealand Centre for "
+"International Economic Law. Brenda Chawner, who is part of the Victoria "
+"University School of Information Management, rather than the Centre I just "
+"named being part of the Law Faculty, is really responsible for bringing "
+"Richard Stallman back to New Zealand and hosting his tour of New Zealand, "
+"including this stop here in Wellington tonight. She's unfortunately unable "
+"to be with us at this moment because she's doing what we do in universities "
+"which is teach."
+msgstr ""
+"æå« Susy Frankelã以 Meredith Kolsky Lewis
åæèªå·±çåä¹ï¼æ¬¢è¿ä½ 们æ¥å°æ¬æ¬¡"
+"ç 讨ä¼ãç 讨ä¼ç±æ°è¥¿å
°å½é
ç»æµæ³ä¸å¿ä¸»åãBrenda Chawner
ä½ä¸ºç»´å¤å©äºå¤§å¦ä¿¡æ¯"
+"管çå¦é¢çæåï¼èä¸æ¯æ³å¾ä¸å¿æèå·¥çæåï¼å®é
ä¸è´è´£è®© Richard Stallman å"
+"å°æ°è¥¿å
°å¹¶å®æä»å¨æ°è¥¿å
°çå·¡åæ¼è®²ï¼å
æ¬ä»æå¨æ
çµé¡¿çä¸ç«ãä¸è¿å¾éæ¾ï¼å¥¹æ¤"
+"æ¶æ¤å»ä¸è½å大家å¨ä¸èµ·ï¼å 为她è¿å¨æ课ã"
+
+#. type: Content of: <dl><dd><p>
+msgid ""
+"So it's my pleasure to welcome you to the lecture “The Danger of "
+"Software Patents”. Richard Stallman has a suite of lectures that he "
+"offers, and after discussion with Brenda, I chose this topic precisely "
+"because for the first real time in New Zealand history, we have a somewhat "
+"prolonged, but important, debate about patent law reform, and many of you in "
+"the room are responsible for the debate relating to software patents. So it "
+"seemed very topical, very timely. So thank you, Richard, for making that "
+"offer."
+msgstr ""
+"å æ¤ï¼ç±æé«å
´å°æ¬¢è¿å¤§å®¶æ¥å¬
“软件ä¸å©ä¹å±é©”ãRichard Stallman "
+"æè®®äºä¸æ´å¥è®²åº§ï¼å¨ä¸ Brenda
å讨ä¹åï¼æéæ©æ¤æ¬¡ç讲é¢ï¼æ£æ¯å 为å¨æ°è¥¿å
°å"
+"å²ä¸ï¼æ们第ä¸æ¬¡çæ£æäºä¸æ¬¡æä¹
çãä½æ¯éè¦çå
³äºä¸å©æ³æ¹é©ç讨论ï¼èå¨åº§ç"
+"å¾å¤äººé½è´è´£å
¶ä¸è½¯ä»¶ä¸å©ç讨论ãæ以ï¼è¿æ¬¡è®²åº§é常åé¢ï¼ä¹é常åæ¶ãæè°¢
"
+"Richardï¼æè®®äºè¿ä¸ªè¯é¢ã"
+
+#. type: Content of: <dl><dd><p>
+msgid ""
+"Richard Stallman needs little introduction. Nonetheless, for some of you "
+"who have not heard of him previously, he has launched the development of the "
+"GNU operating system. I had never heard GNU said before, and I went online "
+"to YouTube (where would we be be without YouTube)…"
+msgstr ""
+"ç®åä»ç»ä¸ä¸ Richard
Stallmanã尽管æäºäººä»¥å没æå¬è¯´è¿ï¼Richard å¼å¯äº GNU "
+"æä½ç³»ç»çå¼åãæ以åä»æªå¬è¯´è¿ GNUï¼æå°
YouTubeï¼æ²¡æ YouTube æä¹åï¼"
+"……"
+
+#. type: Content of: <dl><dt>
+msgid "RMS:"
+msgstr "RMS:"
+
+#. type: Content of: <dl><dd>
+msgid ""
+"Oh, you shouldn't recommend YouTube, because they distribute in a patented "
+"video format."
+msgstr "ä¸ï¼ä½ ä¸è¦æ¨è YouTubeï¼å 为ä»ä»¬ååçæ¯ä¸å©æ
¼å¼çè§é¢ã"
+
+#. type: Content of: <dl><dd>
+msgid ""
+"Good point. I only recommend it for the point that I thought do you say "
+"G N U or GNU?"
+msgstr "æéå¾å¥½ãææå°å®åªæ¯è¦é®ä½ æ¯è¯´
G N Uï¼è¿æ¯ GNUï¼"
+
+#. type: Content of: <dl><dd>
+msgid ""
+"Wikipedia says that. [The answer is, pronounce it as a one syllable, with a "
+"hard G.]"
+msgstr "Wikipedia
ä¸æ说æã[çæ¡æ¯ï¼å®æä¸ä¸ªé³èåé³ï¼å¸¦æ G çé³ã]"
+
+#. type: Content of: <dl><dd>
+msgid ""
+"Yes, but live I heard you say it on YouTube. But nonetheless, the important "
+"point is that it's not proprietorial. But the most interesting point is "
+"that Richard has received many honors for his work. My favorite, and "
+"therefore the one that I'm going to mention, is the Takeda Award for Social "
+"and Economic Betterment, and I imagine we're going to hear a lot of that "
+"tonight, so join me in welcoming Richard."
+msgstr ""
+"æ¯çï¼ä½æ¯æå¨ YouTube ä¸å¬å°ä½ 亲èªè¯´äºãä¸è¿ï¼éç¹æ¯
GNU ä¸æ¯ç§æçãèææ"
+"ææçéç¹æ¯ Richard å æ¤è·å¾äºè®¸å¤è£èªãææå欢å
¶ä¸ä¸ä¸ªå¥é¡¹ï¼å æ¤æè¦è¯´ä¸"
+"ä¸ï¼å°±æ¯ Takeda Award for Social and Economic
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+"ä¸å°ä¸è¥¿ï¼æ以æ们ä¸èµ·æ¥æ¬¢è¿ Richardã"
+
+#. type: Content of: <dl><dd><p>
+msgid ""
+"First of all, I'd like to mention one of the reasons why I'm drinking this "
+"[a can or bottle of a cola which is not coke] is there's a worldwide boycott "
+"of Coca-Cola Company for murdering union organizers in Colombia. Look at "
+"the site <a href=\"http://killercoke.org\";>killercoke.org</a>. And they're "
+"not talking about the effects of drinking the product—after all, the "
+"same might be true of many other products—it's murder. So before you "
+"buy any drink product, look at the fine print and see if it's made by Coca-"
+"Cola Company."
+msgstr ""
+"é¦å
ï¼æ说ä¸ä¸æåè¿ä¸ª [ä¸ç½ colaï¼ä¸æ¯ coke] çä¸ä¸ªåå
ï¼å°±æ¯ç°å¨å
¨ä¸çæ£å¨"
+"æµå¶å¯å£å¯ä¹å
¬å¸ï¼å 为å®è°æäºå¥ä¼¦æ¯äºå·çå·¥ä¼ç»ç»è
ã请访é®ç½ç« <a href="
+"\"http://killercoke.org\";>killercoke.org</a>ãä»ä»¬è¯´å¾ä¸æ¯åå¯ä¹çææ—"
+"—æ¯ç«ï¼å¾å¤äº§åçææé½å·®ä¸å¤——èæ¯è°æè
ãå æ¤ï¼å¨ä½ è´ä¹°é¥®"
+"ææ¶ï¼è¯·çæ¸
æ¥å®ä¸æ¯å¯å£å¯ä¹å
¬å¸ç产åã"
+
+#. type: Content of: <dl><dd><p>
+msgid ""
+"I'm most known for starting the free software movement and leading "
+"development of the GNU operating system—although most of the people "
+"who use the system mistakenly believe it's Linux and think it was started by "
+"somebody else a decade later. But I'm not going to be speaking about any of "
+"that today. I'm here to talk about a legal danger to all software "
+"developers, distributors, and users: the danger of patents—on "
+"computational ideas, computational techniques, an idea for something you can "
+"do on a computer."
+msgstr ""
+"å
³äºæï¼äººä»¬ç¥éæå¤çå°±æ¯æå¼å§äºèªç±è½¯ä»¶è¿å¨å¹¶é¢å¯¼äº
GNU æä½ç³»ç»çå¼å"
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ç人é误å°è®¤ä¸ºèªå·±ä½¿ç¨çæ¯ Linux 并ä¸è®¤ä¸ºé£"
+"æ¯å«äººå¨ 10
å¹´åå¼å§çãä½æ¯æä»å¤©ä¸ä¼è®²è¿äºãæå¨è¿éè¦è®²çæ¯ä¸ä¸ªæ³å¾å±é©ï¼"
+"å®å¯¹ææ软件å¼åè
ãåè¡è
åç¨æ·é½æ¯å±é©ï¼ä¸å©çå±é©——计ç®æ³æ³ç"
+"ä¸å©ã计ç®ææ¯çä¸å©ã使ç¨è®¡ç®æºçä¸å©ã"
+
+#. type: Content of: <dl><dd><p>
+msgid ""
+"Now, to understand this issue, the first thing you need to realize is that "
+"patent law has nothing to do with copyright law—they're totally "
+"different. Whatever you learn about one of them, you can be sure it doesn't "
+"apply to the other."
+msgstr ""
+"è¦ç解è¿ä¸ªé®é¢ï¼ä½ é¦å
è¦æè¯å°ä¸å©æ³åçææ³æ¯«æ å
³ç³»——å®ä»¬å®å
¨ä¸"
+"åãä½ å¯¹å
¶ä¸ä¹ä¸çäºè§£ï¼å®å
¨ä¸éç¨äºå¦ä¸ä¸ªã"
+
+#. type: Content of: <dl><dd><p>
+msgid ""
+"So, for example, any time a person makes a statement about “"
+"intellectual property,” that's spreading confusion, because it's "
+"lumping together not only these two laws but also at least a dozen others. "
+"They're all different, and the result is any statement which purports to be "
+"about “intellectual property” is pure confusion—either the "
+"person making the statement is confused, or the person is trying to confuse "
+"others. But either way, whether it's accidental or malicious, it's "
+"confusion."
+msgstr ""
+"ä¾å¦ï¼å¦ææ人声称 “ç¥è¯äº§æï¼”
é£ä¹å°±æ¯å¨ææ°´æ
æ··ï¼å 为è¿æ¯å¨æ"
+"两ç§ä¹è³å¤ç§æ³å¾æ··å¨ä¸èµ·ãè¿äºæ³å¾é½æ¯ä¸åçï¼ç»æå°±æ¯å¯¹äº
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+"ä¼å¾è¿·æå«äººãæ 论å¦ä½ï¼ææä¹å¥½ï¼æ
æä¹ç½¢ï¼æ»ä¹æ¯ä¸å¢ç³ã"
+
+#. type: Content of: <dl><dd><p>
+msgid ""
+"Protect yourself from this confusion by rejecting any statement which makes "
+"use of that term. The only way to make thoughtful comments and think clear "
+"thoughts about any one of these laws is to distinguish it first from all the "
+"others, and talk or think about one particular law, so that we can "
+"understand what it actually does and then form conclusions about it. So "
+"I'll be talking about patent law, and what happens in those countries which "
+"have allowed patent law to restrict software."
+msgstr ""
+"请å¨ä½ ç论述ä¸é¿å
使ç¨è¯¥æ¯è¯ï¼ä»¥é²è¢«è¯¯è§£ãå¦æè¦å¯¹è¿äºæ³å¾ååºæ深度åæ¸
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+"论å¨å
许ä¸å©æ³éå¶è½¯ä»¶çå½å®¶é½åçäºä»ä¹äºã"
+
+#. type: Content of: <dl><dd><p>
+msgid ""
+"So, what does a patent do? A patent is an explicit, government-issued "
+"monopoly on using a certain idea. In the patent there's a part called the "
+"claims, which describe exactly what you're not allowed to do (although "
+"they're written in a way you probably can't understand). It's a struggle to "
+"figure out what those prohibitions actually mean, and they may go on for "
+"many pages of fine print."
+msgstr ""
+"ä¸å©åä»ä¹?
ä¸å©æ¯ä¸ä¸ªæç¡®çãç±æ¿åºé¢åçã对æç§æ³æ³çåæãå¨ä¸å©ä¸ï¼æä¸"
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åçäºæ¯ä»ä¹å¾ä»¤äººå¤´çï¼èä¸è¿äºæè¿°æå°åºæ¥å¯è½æ¯ååçä¸æ²ã"
+
+#. type: Content of: <dl><dd><p>
+msgid ""
+"So the patent typically lasts for 20 years, which is a fairly long time in "
+"our field. Twenty years ago there was no World Wide Web—a tremendous "
+"amount of the use of computers goes on in an area which wasn't even possible "
+"to propose 20 years ago. So of course everything that people do on it is "
+"something that's new since 20 years ago—at least in some aspect it is "
+"new. So if patents had been applied for we'd be prohibited from doing all "
+"of it, and we may be prohibited from doing all of it in countries that have "
+"been foolish enough to have such a policy."
+msgstr ""
+"ä¸å©é常 20 å¹´ææï¼è¿å¯¹è½¯ä»¶æ¥è¯´æ¯ç¸å½é¿çæ¶é´ã20
å¹´åè¿æ²¡æäºè¿ç½—"
+"—ç°å¨å¤§é计ç®æºè¿å
¥äºä¸ä¸ª 20 å¹´åè¿æ
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+"ä¸å©ï¼åæ们就被ç¦æ¢åè¿äºæ°ä¸è¥¿äºï¼ææè¿äºæ°ä¸è¥¿é½è¦å¨é£äºæè
¢å°ä¼æ¥æ软件"
+"ä¸å©æ¿ççå½å®¶è¢«ç¦æ¢äºã"
+
+#. type: Content of: <dl><dd><p>
+msgid ""
+"Most of the time, when people describe the function of the patent system, "
+"they have a vested interest in the system. They may be patent lawyers, or "
+"they may work in the Patent Office, or they may be in the patent office of a "
+"megacorporation, so they want you to like the system."
+msgstr ""
+"大å¤æ°æ
åµä¸ï¼å½äººä»¬æè¿°ä¸å©ç³»ç»çåè½æ¶ï¼ä»ä»¬å¯¹æ¤ç³»ç»æçæç¡®çå©çãä»ä»¬æ"
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æ¯å¨ä¸å©åå
¬å®¤å·¥ä½ï¼ä¹å¯è½æ¯å¨å¤§ä¼ä¸çä¸å©é¨é¨ä¸çï¼å æ¤ä»"
+"们å¾æ³è®©ä½ ä¹å欢ä¸å©ç³»ç»ã"
+
+#. type: Content of: <dl><dd><p>
+msgid ""
+"The <cite>Economist</cite> once referred to the patent system as “a "
+"time-consuming lottery.” If you've ever seen publicity for a lottery, "
+"you understand how it works: they dwell on the very unlikely probability of "
+"winning, and they don't talk about the overwhelming likelihood of losing. "
+"In this way, they intentionally and systematically present a biased picture "
+"of what's likely to happen to you, without actually lying about any "
+"particular fact."
+msgstr ""
+"<cite>ç»æµå¦å®¶</cite> æå¿æ¾ç»æä¸å©ç³»ç»æ¯å
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ä½ ä¼"
+"ä¸å¤§å¥çç»é¢ï¼èä¸ç¨è¯´ä»»ä½è°è¨ã"
+
+#. type: Content of: <dl><dd><p>
+msgid ""
+"It's the same way for the publicity for the patent system: they talk about "
+"what it's like to walk down the street with a patent in your pocket—or "
+"first of all, what it's like to get a patent, then what it's like to have a "
+"patent in your pocket, and every so often you can pull it out and point it "
+"at somebody and say, “Give me your money.”"
+msgstr ""
+"ä¸å©ç³»ç»ä¹æ¯è¿ä¹åå
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éæ£çä¸ä¸ªä¸å©èµ°å¨å¤§è¡ä¸çæ觗"
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说ï¼è·å¾ä¸å©æ¯ä»ä¹æè§ï¼ç¶åå说å
éæä¸å©æ¯ä»ä¹æè§ï¼é常æ¯è¯´ä½ "
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éæåºä¸å©å¹¶å¯¹äººè¯´ï¼“ç°å¨æé±å§ã”"
+
+#. type: Content of: <dl><dd><p>
+msgid ""
+"To compensate for their bias, I'm going to describe it from the other side, "
+"the victim side—what it's like for people who want to develop or "
+"distribute or run software. You have to worry that any day someone might "
+"walk up to you and point a patent at you and say, “Give me your money."
+"”"
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+"为äºå¯¹ä»è¿äºå¾åæ§ï¼æå³å®ä»å¦ä¸ä¸ªæ¹é¢æ¥çï¼ä»å害è
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å¿æä¸å¤©æ人ä¸é¨æ¥"
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+
+#. type: Content of: <dl><dd><p>
+msgid ""
+"If you want to develop software in a country that allows software patents, "
+"and you want to work with patent law, what will you have to do?"
+msgstr "å¦æä½ å¨ä¸ä¸ªæ软件ä¸å©çå½å®¶å¼å软件ï¼èä½ è¦é
åä¸å©æ³ï¼ä½ 该æä¹å?"
+
+#. type: Content of: <dl><dd><p>
+msgid ""
+"You could try to make a list of all the ideas that one might be able to find "
+"in the program that you're about to write, aside from the fact that you "
+"don't know that when you start writing the program. [But] even after you "
+"finish writing the program you wouldn't be able to make such a list."
+msgstr ""
+"å¨ä½ è¦åç¨åºæ¶ï¼ä½
å¯ä»¥è¯çæ人们è½å¨æ¤ç¨åºä¸çå°çæ³æ³é½ååºæ¥ï¼å½ç¶é¤äºé£äº"
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åå®ä¹åï¼ä½ ä¹åä¸åºè¿ä¸ªå表ã"
+
+#. type: Content of: <dl><dd><p>
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+"The reason is… in the process you conceived of it in one particular "
+"way—you've got a mental structure to apply to your design. And "
+"because of that, it will block you from seeing other structures that "
+"somebody might use to understand the same program—because you're not "
+"coming to it fresh; you already designed it with one structure in mind. "
+"Someone else who sees it for the first time might see a different structure, "
+"which involves different ideas, and it would be hard for you to see what "
+"those other ideas are. But nonetheless they're implemented in your program, "
+"and those patents could prohibit your program, if those ideas are patented."
+msgstr ""
+"åå 就毅å¨ä½ 以æç§æ¹å¼ææ³ç¨åºæ¶——ä½
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"
+"çç¨åºã"
+
+#. type: Content of: <dl><dd><p>
+msgid ""
+"For instance, suppose there were graphical-idea patents and you wanted to "
+"draw a square. Well, you would realize that if there was a patent on a "
+"bottom edge, it would prohibit your square. You could put “bottom "
+"edge” on the list of all ideas implemented in your drawing. But you "
+"might not realize that somebody else with a patent on bottom corners could "
+"sue you easily also, because he could take your drawing and turn it by 45 "
+"degrees. And now your square is like this, and it has a bottom corner."
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+"of their de facto standard, is like asking everyone in New Zealand to speak "
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+"stop using GIF, even though one of those patent holders was going around to "
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+"“I was just looking through my portfolio of patents”—I "
+"think it was somebody that just bought patents and used them to threaten "
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+"about a decision; I'm not sure if there ever was one. I think they settled, "
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+"they're not allowed to take that much time. And because algorithms are just "
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+"IBM wrote an article in its house magazine, <cite>Think</cite> "
+"magazine—I think it's issue 5, 1990—about the benefit IBM got "
+"from its almost 9,000 US patents at the time (now it's up to 45,000 or "
+"more). They said that one of the benefits was that they collected money, "
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+#. type: Content of: <dl><dd><p>
+msgid ""
+"What this means is since IBM, with so many patents, can make almost "
+"everybody give them a cross-license, IBM avoids almost all the grief that "
+"the patent system would have inflicted on anybody else. So that's why IBM "
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+"software patents, because they know that by cross-licensing, they will have "
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+"will be down here, and there's no way we can get up there. You know, if "
+"you're a genius, you might start up a small company and get some patents, "
+"but you'll never get into IBM's league, no matter what you do."
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+#. type: Content of: <dl><dd><p>
+msgid ""
+"Now a lot of companies tell their employees, “Get us patents so we can "
+"defend ourselves” and they mean, “use them to try to get cross-"
+"licensing,” but it just doesn't work well. It's not an effective "
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+"one points there, and somebody over there points a patent at you. Well, "
+"your three patents don't help you at all, because none of them points at "
+"him. On the other hand, sooner or later, somebody in the company is going "
+"to notice that this patent is actually pointing at some people, and [the "
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+"boss, but also on the company's discussion list."
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+"be bought by someone who means to use them to do something nasty."
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+"products for manufacturability. Designing the factory may even be a bigger "
+"job than designing the product, and then you may have to spend millions of "
+"dollars to build the factory. So with all of this trouble, you're not going "
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+"that's nothing. It's a few hundred thousand lines of code, and a few people "
+"will write that in a few years, so it's not a big deal. So the result is "
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+"Linux, which is used together with the GNU operating system that I "
+"launched. This was five years ago now; he found 283 different US patents, "
+"each of which appeared to prohibit some computation done somewhere in the "
+"code of Linux. At the time I saw an article saying that Linux was 0.25 "
+"percent of the whole system. So by multiplying 300 by 400 we can estimate "
+"the number of patents that would prohibit something in the whole system as "
+"being around 100,000. This is a very rough estimate only, and no more "
+"accurate information is available, since trying to figure it out would be a "
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+"Now this lawyer did not publish the list of patents, because that would have "
+"endangered the developers of Linux the kernel, putting them in a position "
+"where the penalties if they were sued would be greater. He didn't want to "
+"hurt them; he wanted to demonstrate how bad this problem is, of patent "
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+"know much about programming; they usually imagine that patents are basically "
+"much like copyrights, only somehow stronger. They imagine that since "
+"software developers are not endangered by the copyrights on their work, that "
+"they won't be endangered by the patents on their work either. They imagine "
+"that, since when you write a program you have the copyright, [therefore "
+"likewise] if you write a program you have the patents also. This is "
+"false—so how do we give them a clue what patents would really do? What "
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+"ideas. But you can't just pick a bunch of ideas and say “Here's my "
+"combination of ideas, do you like it?” Because in order to make them "
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+"list them and say, “Hey, how do you like this combination?” You "
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+"talent. That's the thing that limits you. I could probably invent a few "
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+"system of musical idea patents, so that any musical idea described in words "
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+"could be patented, or using certain instruments by themselves could be "
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+"don't get sued for than to write one that sounds good, because you have to "
+"thread your way around all the patents that exist. If you complained about "
+"this, the patent holders would say, “Oh, Beethoven, you're just "
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+"used. And he knew how to use them in such a way that they would work, which "
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+"ideas into a composition together with a lot of old and uncontroversial "
+"ideas. And the result was a piece that was controversial, but not so much "
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+"it was new. But because he combined his new ideas with a lot of known "
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+"they could, which is why to us those ideas sound just fine. But nobody, not "
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+"Microsoft decided to make a phony open standard for documents and to get it "
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+#. type: Content of: <dl><dt>
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+"No software patents. I know that that works fine. I was in the field when "
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+"worry about getting sued by patent holders for doing it, so they were safe. "
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å¦ä½è·å¾åæ¥å¢?"
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+#. type: Content of: <dl><dd><p>
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+"Many ways. Software patents have nothing to do with that. Remember if "
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+"Different software developers want different things. I developed some "
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+"not everybody has freedom. But software patents would only have stopped me."
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+"make any money if patent holders demand that you give it all to them, or if "
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+#. type: Content of: <dl><dd><p>
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+"yourself. But patents are not concerned with the text of any particular "
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+"If you write a work and this work embodies some ideas, which it always does, "
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+"belong to you. They're more likely to belong to lots of others, and half of "
+"them to the megacorporations, and they can then all sue you. So you don't "
+"even have to worry [about plagiarism]; long before you get to the point "
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+"You are confusing patents with copyrights, I'm afraid. They have nothing in "
+"common. I've explained to you what the patent system does to software, but "
+"I think you don't believe me because you've heard what copyrights do and "
+"you're confusing the two, so these impressions you've got about what "
+"copyrights do, you're just assuming that patents do them also—and they "
+"don't. If you write some code, the copyright on that code would belong to "
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+"copyright law, I've criticized it. But it's a totally different, unrelated "
+"issue. If you think that patent law helps somebody who is developing "
+"software, it means that you have got a completely wrong picture of what "
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+"è®©ä½ ååè¿ä¸ªè½¯ä»¶” 对è°é½æ²¡å¥½å¤ã"
+
+#. type: Content of: <dl><dd>
+msgid ""
+"Obviously we live in an imperfect world, and in some cases we run into the "
+"issue of software patents. Do you think that we should allow privileges for "
+"researchers to get around patents in the same way that copyright law allows "
+"research on copyright material?"
+msgstr ""
+"æ¾ç¶æ们çæ´»å¨ä¸ä¸ªå¹¶ä¸å®ç¾çä¸çï¼ææ¶æ们ä¼éå°è½¯ä»¶ä¸å©ç麻ç¦ãä½
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+"究人ååºè¯¥æ象çæè±å
ä¸æ ·çä¸å©è±å
ç¹æ?"
+
+#. type: Content of: <dl><dd>
+msgid ""
+"No, it's a mistake to look for partial solutions, because we have a much "
+"better chance of establishing a full solution. Everybody involved in "
+"software development and distribution and use, except the ones in the "
+"megacorporations, when they see how dangerous software patents are, they "
+"will get behind total rejection of software patents. Whereas an exception "
+"for some special case will only win support from the people in that special "
+"case. These partial solutions are essentially distractions. People start "
+"by saying, “Oh, I'm sure we can't really solve the problem, so I give "
+"up on that. Let me propose a partial solution.” But these partial "
+"solutions don't make it safe to develop software."
+msgstr ""
+"ä¸ï¼å¯»æ¾å±é¨æ¹æ¡æ¯é误çï¼å
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+
+#. type: Content of: <dl><dd>
+msgid ""
+"You wouldn't, however, oppose a partial solution that's not necessarily just "
+"directed at software patents, so you wouldn't oppose experimental use, which "
+"may be a good solution for the pharmaceutical patent."
+msgstr ""
+"ä¸è¿ï¼ä½ ä¸ä¼å对ä¸ä¸ªé对软件ä¸å©çå±é¨æ¹æ¡ï¼æ以ä½
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+"å¶è¯ä¸æ¯ä¸ä¸ªå¥½æ¹æ¡ã"
+
+#. type: Content of: <dl><dd>
+msgid "I wouldn't oppose that."
+msgstr "æä¸ä¼å对è¿ä¸ªã"
+
+#. type: Content of: <dl><dd>
+msgid ""
+"But what you're saying is that you don't think it's applicable to software, "
+"just to clarify."
+msgstr "ä¸è¿ï¼ä½ æ¯è¯´ä½
ä¸è§å¾å®å¯ä»¥ç¨äºè½¯ä»¶ï¼åªæ¯ç¡®è®¤ä¸ä¸ã"
+
+#. type: Content of: <dl><dd>
+msgid ""
+"Something that saves only a few of us, or only certain activities, or gets "
+"rid of half the software patents, that's analogous to saying, “Well, "
+"maybe we could clear part of the minefield, or maybe we could destroy half "
+"the mines in the minefield.” [That's an improvement] but that doesn't "
+"make it safe."
+msgstr ""
+"åªé¡¾åé¨å人ãåªè¦çæäºæ´»å¨ãåªæè±åæ°è½¯ä»¶ä¸å©çä¸è¥¿å°±è±¡æ¯è¯´ï¼“æ们å¯"
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+"å®å
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+
+#. type: Content of: <dl><dd>
+msgid ""
+"So you've been speaking the same thing all around the world. How much "
+"uptake has there been? Have governments changed, or not adopted software "
+"patents?"
+msgstr ""
+"ä½ ä¸ç´å¨ä¸çåå°è®²è¿°æ¤äºãå¤å°äººé纳äºå¢?
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+"件ä¸å©?"
+
+#. type: Content of: <dl><dd>
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+"Some have. In India a few years ago, there was an attempt to change patent "
+"law to explicitly allow software patents and it was dropped. A few years "
+"ago the US proposed a trade treaty, a free exploitation treaty, with Latin "
+"America. And it was blocked by the president of Brazil, who said no to "
+"software patents and another nasty thing relating to computers, and that "
+"killed the whole treaty. That's apparently the whole thing that the US "
+"wanted to impose on the rest of the continent. But these things don't stay "
+"dead; there are companies that have full-time staff looking for some way "
+"they can subvert some country or other."
+msgstr ""
+"æä¸äºãå å¹´åï¼å°åº¦æ³ä¿®æ¹ä¸å©æ³æç¡®å
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+"çæ¹æ³ã"
+
+#. type: Content of: <dl><dd>
+msgid ""
+"Is there any real hard data around what happens in economic terms in the "
+"innovation communities in countries that have essentially no software "
+"patents?"
+msgstr ""
+"å¨ååä¸æ²¡æ软件ä¸å©çå½å®¶ï¼æ没æä»ä¹å
³äºæ¤äºå¯¹åæ°ç¤¾å¢ç»æµå½±åçå®é
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+
+#. type: Content of: <dl><dd><p>
+msgid ""
+"There isn't any. It's almost impossible to measure these things. Actually, "
+"I shouldn't say there isn't any. There is a little. It's very hard to "
+"measure the effect of the patent system, because you're comparing the real "
+"world with a counterfactual world, and there's no way to be sure what would "
+"happen."
+msgstr ""
+"没æï¼æµéè¿äºæ°æ®å ä¹ä¸å¯è½ãå®é
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+#. type: Content of: <dl><dd><p>
+msgid ""
+"What I can say is before there were software patents, there was lots of "
+"software development; not as much as there is now, because of course there "
+"were nowhere near as many computer users."
+msgstr ""
+"æè½è¯´çæ¯å¨æ软件ä¸å©ä¹åï¼å·²ç»æå¾å¤è½¯ä»¶å¼åçæ´»å¨;
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+"为é£æ¶ç计ç®æºç¨æ·çæ°éä¹æ²¡æ³åç°å¨ç¸æ¯ã"
+
+#. type: Content of: <dl><dd><p>
+msgid ""
+"How many computer users were there in 1982, even in the US? It was a small "
+"fraction of the public. But there were software developers. They weren't "
+"saying, “We desperately want patents”. They weren't getting "
+"sued for patent infringement after they developed their programs. But there "
+"is a bit of [economic] research that I saw that apparently software patents "
+"resulted not in an increase in research, but [in] a shift of funds from "
+"research into patenting."
+msgstr ""
+"å³ä½¿ç¾å½ï¼å¨ 1982 å¹´åæå¤å°è®¡ç®æºç¨æ·å¢?
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+"ç 究çå¢å ï¼ä½æ¯ [å´] æé¨åèµéåæ£å°ä¸å©æ¹é¢ã"
+
+#. type: Content of: <dl><dd>
+msgid "Do you expect that there would be any interest in trade secrets?"
+msgstr "ä½ è§å¾äº¤æå¯ç§ä¼ææä¹å?"
+
+#. type: Content of: <dl><dd>
+msgid ""
+"No. Before there were software patents, a lot of software developers kept "
+"the details of their programs secret. But they usually wouldn't keep any of "
+"the general ideas secret, because that they realized that the big job in "
+"developing good software was not picking your general ideas, it was "
+"implementing a lot of ideas together. So they would publish, [or] they "
+"would let their employees publish, in scholarly journals any interesting new "
+"ideas that they'd had. So now, they'll patent those new ideas. It has very "
+"little to do with developing a useful program, and just letting people know "
+"some ideas doesn't give them a program. Besides, most of the ideas, the "
+"thousands of ideas you've combined in your program, are known anyway."
+msgstr ""
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+#. type: Content of: <dl><dd>
+msgid ""
+"To back that up, I was listening to an interview, one of the founders of "
+"PayPal was interviewed, and he said that he really felt strongly that his "
+"success was 5 percent idea and 95 percent execution, and that supports your "
+"point really well."
+msgstr ""
+"ä½ä¸ºæ¯ææ¡ä¾ï¼æå¬è¿ä¸ä¸ªè®¿è°ï¼å访è
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+#. type: Content of: <dl><dd>
+msgid "I agree."
+msgstr "æåæã"
+
+#. type: Content of: <dl><dd>
+msgid "Excellent. Richard has here stickers which I believe are free"
+msgstr "é常好ãRichard æä¸äºå
è´¹ [free] ç贴纸ã"
+
+#. type: Content of: <dl><dd>
+msgid "Gratis. And these [other items] are for sale."
+msgstr "æ¯å
è´¹ [Gratis]ãé£äº [å¦å¤çä¸è¥¿] æ¯ç¨æ¥åçã"
+
+#. type: Content of: <dl><dd>
+msgid ""
+"So you're welcome to come down. It's been a great debate—thank you "
+"Richard."
+msgstr "ç°å¨ä½ å¯ä»¥ä¸æ¥äºãè¿æ¯ä¸ä¸ªç²¾å½©ç讨论—æè°¢ä½
ï¼Richardã"
+
+#. type: Content of: <blockquote><p>
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+"This speech is published in <a href=\"http://shop.fsf.org/product/free-";
+"software-free-society/\"><cite>Free Software, Free Society: The Selected "
+"Essays of Richard M. Stallman</cite></a>."
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+"æ¤æ¼è®²åè¡¨äº <a href=\"http://shop.fsf.org/product/free-software-free-";
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éé</cite></a>ã"
+
+#. TRANSLATORS: Use space (SPC) as msgstr if you don't have notes.
+#. type: Content of: <div>
+msgid "*GNUN-SLOT: TRANSLATOR'S NOTES*"
+msgstr " "
+
+#. type: Content of: <div><div><p>
+msgid ""
+"Please send general FSF & GNU inquiries to <a href=\"mailto:gnu@gnu.org";
+"\"><gnu@gnu.org></a>. There are also <a href=\"/contact/\">other ways "
+"to contact</a> the FSF. Broken links and other corrections or suggestions "
+"can be sent to <a href=\"mailto:webmasters@gnu.org\";><webmasters@gnu."
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+
+#
+#
+#
+#. TRANSLATORS: Ignore the original text in this paragraph,
+#. replace it with the translation of these two:
+#. We work hard and do our best to provide accurate, good quality
+#. translations. However, we are not exempt from imperfection.
+#. Please send your comments and general suggestions in this regard
+#. to <a href="mailto:web-translators@gnu.org";>
+#. <web-translators@gnu.org></a>.</p>
+#. <p>For information on coordinating and submitting translations of
+#. our web pages, see <a
+#. href="/server/standards/README.translations.html">Translations
+#. README</a>.
+#. type: Content of: <div><div><p>
+msgid ""
+"Please see the <a href=\"/server/standards/README.translations.html"
+"\">Translations README</a> for information on coordinating and submitting "
+"translations of this article."
+msgstr ""
+"æ们尽æ大åªåæ¥æä¾ç²¾ååé«è´¨éçç¿»è¯ï¼ä½é¾å
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æåã</"
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+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
+msgid "Copyright © 2009, 2010, 2014, 2020 Richard Stallman"
+msgstr "Copyright © 2009, 2010, 2014, 2020 Richard Stallman"
+
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
+msgid ""
+"This page is licensed under a <a rel=\"license\" href=\"http://";
+"creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nd/4.0/\">Creative Commons Attribution-"
+"NoDerivatives 4.0 International License</a>."
+msgstr ""
+"æ¬é¡µé¢ä½¿ç¨ <a rel=\"license\"
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+
+#. TRANSLATORS: Use space (SPC) as msgstr if you don't want credits.
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+msgstr ""
+"<b>ç¿»è¯å¢é</b>ï¼<a rel=\"team\"
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+"www-zh-cn/\"><CTT></a>ï¼2021ã"
+
+#. timestamp start
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
+msgid "Updated:"
+msgstr "æåæ´æ°ï¼"
- www/philosophy/po danger-of-software-patents.zh...,
Wensheng XIE <=