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From: |
GNUN |
|
Subject: |
www/gnu/po thegnuproject.ar.po thegnuproject.ca... |
|
Date: |
Sun, 24 Oct 2021 03:31:40 -0400 (EDT) |
CVSROOT: /web/www
Module name: www
Changes by: GNUN <gnun> 21/10/24 03:31:39
Modified files:
gnu/po : thegnuproject.ar.po thegnuproject.ca-diff.html
thegnuproject.ca.po thegnuproject.cs.po
thegnuproject.de.po thegnuproject.el-diff.html
thegnuproject.el.po thegnuproject.es.po
thegnuproject.fi.po thegnuproject.fr.po
thegnuproject.hr-diff.html thegnuproject.hr.po
thegnuproject.id.po thegnuproject.it.po
thegnuproject.ja.po thegnuproject.ko.po
thegnuproject.lt-diff.html thegnuproject.lt.po
thegnuproject.ml.po thegnuproject.nl.po
thegnuproject.pl.po thegnuproject.pot
thegnuproject.pt-br.po thegnuproject.ru.po
thegnuproject.sq.po thegnuproject.tr.po
thegnuproject.uk.po thegnuproject.zh-cn.po
thegnuproject.zh-tw.po
Log message:
Automatic update by GNUnited Nations.
CVSWeb URLs:
http://web.cvs.savannah.gnu.org/viewcvs/www/gnu/po/thegnuproject.ar.po?cvsroot=www&r1=1.11&r2=1.12
http://web.cvs.savannah.gnu.org/viewcvs/www/gnu/po/thegnuproject.ca-diff.html?cvsroot=www&r1=1.16&r2=1.17
http://web.cvs.savannah.gnu.org/viewcvs/www/gnu/po/thegnuproject.ca.po?cvsroot=www&r1=1.55&r2=1.56
http://web.cvs.savannah.gnu.org/viewcvs/www/gnu/po/thegnuproject.cs.po?cvsroot=www&r1=1.34&r2=1.35
http://web.cvs.savannah.gnu.org/viewcvs/www/gnu/po/thegnuproject.de.po?cvsroot=www&r1=1.75&r2=1.76
http://web.cvs.savannah.gnu.org/viewcvs/www/gnu/po/thegnuproject.el-diff.html?cvsroot=www&r1=1.45&r2=1.46
http://web.cvs.savannah.gnu.org/viewcvs/www/gnu/po/thegnuproject.el.po?cvsroot=www&r1=1.57&r2=1.58
http://web.cvs.savannah.gnu.org/viewcvs/www/gnu/po/thegnuproject.es.po?cvsroot=www&r1=1.89&r2=1.90
http://web.cvs.savannah.gnu.org/viewcvs/www/gnu/po/thegnuproject.fi.po?cvsroot=www&r1=1.11&r2=1.12
http://web.cvs.savannah.gnu.org/viewcvs/www/gnu/po/thegnuproject.fr.po?cvsroot=www&r1=1.92&r2=1.93
http://web.cvs.savannah.gnu.org/viewcvs/www/gnu/po/thegnuproject.hr-diff.html?cvsroot=www&r1=1.18&r2=1.19
http://web.cvs.savannah.gnu.org/viewcvs/www/gnu/po/thegnuproject.hr.po?cvsroot=www&r1=1.30&r2=1.31
http://web.cvs.savannah.gnu.org/viewcvs/www/gnu/po/thegnuproject.id.po?cvsroot=www&r1=1.8&r2=1.9
http://web.cvs.savannah.gnu.org/viewcvs/www/gnu/po/thegnuproject.it.po?cvsroot=www&r1=1.82&r2=1.83
http://web.cvs.savannah.gnu.org/viewcvs/www/gnu/po/thegnuproject.ja.po?cvsroot=www&r1=1.59&r2=1.60
http://web.cvs.savannah.gnu.org/viewcvs/www/gnu/po/thegnuproject.ko.po?cvsroot=www&r1=1.6&r2=1.7
http://web.cvs.savannah.gnu.org/viewcvs/www/gnu/po/thegnuproject.lt-diff.html?cvsroot=www&r1=1.11&r2=1.12
http://web.cvs.savannah.gnu.org/viewcvs/www/gnu/po/thegnuproject.lt.po?cvsroot=www&r1=1.13&r2=1.14
http://web.cvs.savannah.gnu.org/viewcvs/www/gnu/po/thegnuproject.ml.po?cvsroot=www&r1=1.5&r2=1.6
http://web.cvs.savannah.gnu.org/viewcvs/www/gnu/po/thegnuproject.nl.po?cvsroot=www&r1=1.42&r2=1.43
http://web.cvs.savannah.gnu.org/viewcvs/www/gnu/po/thegnuproject.pl.po?cvsroot=www&r1=1.53&r2=1.54
http://web.cvs.savannah.gnu.org/viewcvs/www/gnu/po/thegnuproject.pot?cvsroot=www&r1=1.36&r2=1.37
http://web.cvs.savannah.gnu.org/viewcvs/www/gnu/po/thegnuproject.pt-br.po?cvsroot=www&r1=1.30&r2=1.31
http://web.cvs.savannah.gnu.org/viewcvs/www/gnu/po/thegnuproject.ru.po?cvsroot=www&r1=1.64&r2=1.65
http://web.cvs.savannah.gnu.org/viewcvs/www/gnu/po/thegnuproject.sq.po?cvsroot=www&r1=1.84&r2=1.85
http://web.cvs.savannah.gnu.org/viewcvs/www/gnu/po/thegnuproject.tr.po?cvsroot=www&r1=1.50&r2=1.51
http://web.cvs.savannah.gnu.org/viewcvs/www/gnu/po/thegnuproject.uk.po?cvsroot=www&r1=1.43&r2=1.44
http://web.cvs.savannah.gnu.org/viewcvs/www/gnu/po/thegnuproject.zh-cn.po?cvsroot=www&r1=1.18&r2=1.19
http://web.cvs.savannah.gnu.org/viewcvs/www/gnu/po/thegnuproject.zh-tw.po?cvsroot=www&r1=1.44&r2=1.45
Patches:
Index: thegnuproject.ar.po
===================================================================
RCS file: /web/www/www/gnu/po/thegnuproject.ar.po,v
retrieving revision 1.11
retrieving revision 1.12
diff -u -b -r1.11 -r1.12
--- thegnuproject.ar.po 24 Oct 2021 07:25:22 -0000 1.11
+++ thegnuproject.ar.po 24 Oct 2021 07:31:37 -0000 1.12
@@ -10,7 +10,7 @@
msgid ""
msgstr ""
"Project-Id-Version: thegnuproject.html\n"
-"POT-Creation-Date: 2020-07-12 02:25+0000\n"
+"POT-Creation-Date: 2021-10-24 07:25+0000\n"
"PO-Revision-Date: 2018-06-10 05:49+0300\n"
"Last-Translator: Mohammed Isam <mohammed_isam1984@yahoo.com>\n"
"Language-Team: Arabic <www-ar-translators@gnu.org>\n"
@@ -18,6 +18,7 @@
"MIME-Version: 1.0\n"
"Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8\n"
"Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit\n"
+"X-Outdated-Since: 2021-10-24 07:25+0000\n"
"Plural-Forms: nplurals=2; plural=(n != 1);\n"
"X-Generator: Lokalize 2.0\n"
@@ -29,44 +30,22 @@
msgid "GNU, GNU Project, FSF, Free Software, Free Software Foundation, History"
msgstr "جÙÙØ Ù
شرÙع جÙÙØ Ø§ÙبرÙ
جÙات اÙØØ±Ø©Ø Ù
ؤسسة اÙبرÙ
جÙات اÙØØ±Ø©Ø Ø§ÙتارÙØ®"
-#. type: Content of: <h2>
+#. type: Content of: <div><h2>
msgid "The GNU Project"
msgstr "Ù
شرÙع جÙÙ"
-#. type: Content of: <p>
-msgid ""
-"by <a href=\"http://www.stallman.org/\";><strong>Richard Stallman</strong></a>"
-msgstr ""
-"بÙÙÙ
<a href=\"http://www.stallman.org/\";><strong>رÙتشارد
ستاÙÙ
اÙ</strong></"
-"a>"
-
-#. type: Content of: <blockquote><p>
-msgid ""
-"Originally published in the book <em>Open Sources</em>. Richard Stallman "
-"was <a href=\"/philosophy/open-source-misses-the-point.html\"> never a "
-"supporter of “open source”</a>, but contributed this article so "
-"that the ideas of the free software movement would not be entirely absent "
-"from that book."
-msgstr ""
-"Ùذا اÙÙ
Ùا٠تÙ
Ùشر٠أÙÙا٠ÙÙ Ùتاب <em>اÙÙ
صادر
اÙÙ
ÙتÙØØ© (Open Sources)</em>. "
-"رÙتشارد ستاÙÙ
ا٠ÙÙ
ÙÙ٠أبدا٠Ù
Ù <a
href=\"/philosophy/open-source-misses-the-"
-"point.html\">Ù
Ùاصر٠استخداÙ
تعبÙر “اÙÙ
صادر
اÙÙ
ÙتÙØØ©”</a>Ø ÙÙÙÙÙ "
-"شار٠بÙذا اÙÙ
Ùا٠Ù٠اÙÙتاب اÙÙ
Ø°ÙÙر
ﻻعتÙاد٠أÙÙ Ù
٠اﻷÙض٠أ٠تÙÙ٠أÙÙار Ùرؤ٠"
-"ØرÙØ© اÙبرÙ
جÙات اÙØرة Ù
Ø°ÙÙرة Ù٠اÙÙتاب عÙ
أ٠تÙÙ٠غائبة عÙÙ."
+#. type: Content of: <div><address>
+# || No change detected. The change might only be in amounts of spaces.
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid "by <a href=\"https://www.stallman.org/\";>Richard Stallman</a>"
+msgid "by <a href=\"https://www.stallman.org/\";>Richard Stallman</a>"
+msgstr "بÙÙÙ
<a href=\"https://www.stallman.org/\";>رÙتشارد
ستÙÙÙ
Ù</a>"
-#. type: Content of: <blockquote><p>
-msgid ""
-"Why it is even more important than ever <a href=\"/philosophy/free-software-"
-"even-more-important.html\">to insist that the software we use be free</a>."
-msgstr ""
-"ÙÙ
اذا ÙؤÙ
٠أÙÙ Ù
٠اﻷÙÙ
ÙØ© بÙ
Ùا٠<a
href=\"/philosophy/free-software-even-more-"
-"important.html\">Ø£Ù Ùصر جÙ
Ùعا٠عÙ٠أ٠تÙÙ٠اÙبرÙ
جÙات اÙت٠ÙستخدÙ
Ùا Øرة</a>."
-
-#. type: Content of: <h3>
+#. type: Content of: <div><h3>
msgid "The first software-sharing community"
msgstr "Ø£ÙÙ Ù
جتÙ
ع ÙÙ
شارÙØ© اÙبرÙ
جÙات"
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"When I started working at the <abbr title=\"Massachusetts Institute of "
"Technology\">MIT</abbr> Artificial Intelligence Lab in 1971, I became part "
@@ -83,15 +62,32 @@
"اÙطبخ ÙدÙÙ
Ø© ÙدÙ
عÙ
ÙÙØ© اÙطبخ ÙÙ Øد ذاتÙا.
غÙر Ø£ÙÙا ÙÙا ÙÙÙÙ
باÙÙ
شارÙØ© Ø£Ùثر "
"بÙØ«Ùر Ù
٠غÙرÙا."
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
+# | The AI Lab used a timesharing operating system called <abbr
+# | title=\"Incompatible Timesharing System\">ITS</abbr> (the Incompatible
+# | Timesharing System) that the lab's staff [-hackers (1)-]
+# | {+hackers <a href=\"#ft1\">[1]</a>+} had designed and written in
+# | assembler language for the Digital <abbr title=\"Programmed Data
+# | Processor\">PDP</abbr>-10, one of the large computers of the era. As a
+# | member of this community, an AI Lab staff system hacker, my job was to
+# | improve this system.
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "The AI Lab used a timesharing operating system called <abbr title="
+#| "\"Incompatible Timesharing System\">ITS</abbr> (the Incompatible "
+#| "Timesharing System) that the lab's staff hackers (1) had designed and "
+#| "written in assembler language for the Digital <abbr title=\"Programmed "
+#| "Data Processor\">PDP</abbr>-10, one of the large computers of the era. "
+#| "As a member of this community, an AI Lab staff system hacker, my job was "
+#| "to improve this system."
msgid ""
"The AI Lab used a timesharing operating system called <abbr title="
"\"Incompatible Timesharing System\">ITS</abbr> (the Incompatible Timesharing "
-"System) that the lab's staff hackers (1) had designed and written in "
-"assembler language for the Digital <abbr title=\"Programmed Data Processor"
-"\">PDP</abbr>-10, one of the large computers of the era. As a member of "
-"this community, an AI Lab staff system hacker, my job was to improve this "
-"system."
+"System) that the lab's staff hackers <a href=\"#ft1\">[1]</a> had "
+"designed and written in assembler language for the Digital <abbr title="
+"\"Programmed Data Processor\">PDP</abbr>-10, one of the large computers of "
+"the era. As a member of this community, an AI Lab staff system hacker, my "
+"job was to improve this system."
msgstr ""
"Ùا٠Ù
ختبر اÙØ°Ùاء اﻻصطÙاع٠ÙستخدÙ
ÙظاÙ
تشغÙÙ ÙعتÙ
د Ù
بدأ اÙÙ
شارÙØ© باÙÙÙØªØ ÙÙا٠"
"اÙÙظاÙ
Ùدع٠ÙظاÙ
اÙÙ
شارÙØ© باÙÙÙت غÙر
اÙتÙاÙÙÙ <abbr title=\"Incompatible "
@@ -102,9 +98,24 @@
"Ø£ÙÙÙ ÙÙت عضÙا٠ÙÙ Ùذا اÙÙ
جتÙ
Ø¹Ø ÙÙ
برÙ
جا٠ÙÙ
ÙرÙ٠عÙ
Ù Ù
ختبر اÙØ°Ùاء اﻻصطÙاعÙØ ÙÙد "
"ÙاÙت ÙظÙÙت٠تتطÙب أ٠أÙÙÙ
بتØسÙÙ Ùذا
اÙÙظاÙ
."
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
+# | We did not call our software “free [-software”,-]
+# | {+software,”+} because that term did not yet exist; but that is what
+# | it was. Whenever people from another university or a company wanted to
+# | port and use a program, we gladly let them. If you saw someone using an
+# | unfamiliar and interesting program, you could always ask to see the source
+# | code, so that you could read it, change it, or cannibalize parts of it to
+# | make a new program.
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "We did not call our software “free software”, because that "
+#| "term did not yet exist; but that is what it was. Whenever people from "
+#| "another university or a company wanted to port and use a program, we "
+#| "gladly let them. If you saw someone using an unfamiliar and interesting "
+#| "program, you could always ask to see the source code, so that you could "
+#| "read it, change it, or cannibalize parts of it to make a new program."
msgid ""
-"We did not call our software “free software”, because that term "
+"We did not call our software “free software,” because that term "
"did not yet exist; but that is what it was. Whenever people from another "
"university or a company wanted to port and use a program, we gladly let "
"them. If you saw someone using an unfamiliar and interesting program, you "
@@ -119,27 +130,19 @@
"اÙشخص اﻵخر Ø£Ù ÙسÙ
Ø Ù٠برؤÙØ© Ø´Ùرة اÙÙ
صدرØ
ØÙØ« ÙÙ
ÙÙ٠أ٠تÙرأÙØ§Ø ÙتÙÙÙ
"
"بتعدÙÙÙØ§Ø ÙÙ
Ù Ø«Ù
تستخدÙ
أجزاء Ù
ÙÙا ÙعÙ
Ù
برÙاÙ
ج جدÙد ÙÙÙاÙ."
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><div><p>
msgid ""
-"(1) The use of “hacker” to mean “security breaker” "
-"is a confusion on the part of the mass media. We hackers refuse to "
-"recognize that meaning, and continue using the word to mean someone who "
-"loves to program, someone who enjoys playful cleverness, or the combination "
-"of the two. See my article, <a href=\"http://stallman.org/articles/on-";
-"hacking.html\">On Hacking</a>."
+"Why it is even more important than ever <a href=\"/philosophy/free-software-"
+"even-more-important.html\">to insist that the software we use be free</a>."
msgstr ""
-"(1) استخداÙ
ÙÙظة “ÙرصÙØ©” بÙ
عÙÙ “Ùسر
اﻷÙ
Ù” Ù٠خطأ "
-"شائع ترتÙب٠اÙÙسائط اﻹعÙاÙ
ÙØ© اÙØدÙثة. ÙØÙ
ÙÙراصÙØ© Ù
برÙ
جÙÙ ÙرÙض Ø£Ù Ùعتر٠بÙذا "
-"اÙÙ
عÙ٠اÙØ®Ø§Ø·Ø¦Ø ÙÙصر عÙ٠استخداÙ
اÙÙÙÙ
Ø© بÙ
عÙاÙا اÙصØÙØ ÙاÙØ°Ù ÙعÙ٠أ٠اÙÙرصا٠"
-"Ù٠شخص Ùجب اÙبرÙ
Ø¬Ø©Ø Ø£Ù Ø´Ø®Øµ ÙستÙ
تع باÙØ°Ùاء
اÙÙ
رØØ Ø£Ù Ø´Ø®Øµ ÙÙ
ارس اﻻثÙÙÙ Ù
عاÙ. "
-"ÙÙ
ÙÙÙ Ùراءة اÙÙ
زÙد ÙÙ Ù
ÙاÙت٠<a
href=\"http://stallman.org/articles/on-";
-"hacking.html\">ØÙ٠اÙÙرصÙØ© اÙبرÙ
جÙØ©</a>."
+"ÙÙ
اذا ÙؤÙ
٠أÙÙ Ù
٠اﻷÙÙ
ÙØ© بÙ
Ùا٠<a
href=\"/philosophy/free-software-even-more-"
+"important.html\">Ø£Ù Ùصر جÙ
Ùعا٠عÙ٠أ٠تÙÙ٠اÙبرÙ
جÙات اÙت٠ÙستخدÙ
Ùا Øرة</a>."
-#. type: Content of: <h3>
+#. type: Content of: <div><h3>
msgid "The collapse of the community"
msgstr "اÙÙÙار اÙÙ
جتÙ
ع اﻷÙÙÙ"
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"The situation changed drastically in the early 1980s when Digital "
"discontinued the PDP-10 series. Its architecture, elegant and powerful in "
@@ -154,15 +157,32 @@
"اÙبراÙ
ج اÙت٠تÙÙÙ Ù
ÙÙا ÙظاÙ
اÙÙ
شارÙØ©
باÙÙÙت غÙر اÙتÙاÙÙÙ ITS Ùد أصبØت باÙÙØ© "
"ÙغÙر صاÙØØ© ÙÙعÙ
Ù."
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
+# | The AI Lab hacker community had already collapsed, not long before. In
+# | 1981, the spin-off company Symbolics had hired away nearly all of the
+# | hackers from the AI Lab, and the depopulated community was unable to
+# | maintain itself. (The book [-Hackers,-] {+<cite>Hackers</cite>,+} by
+# | Steve Levy, describes these events, as well as giving a clear picture of
+# | this community in its prime.) When the AI Lab bought a new PDP-10 in
+# | 1982, its administrators decided to use Digital's nonfree timesharing
+# | system instead of ITS.
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "The AI Lab hacker community had already collapsed, not long before. In "
+#| "1981, the spin-off company Symbolics had hired away nearly all of the "
+#| "hackers from the AI Lab, and the depopulated community was unable to "
+#| "maintain itself. (The book Hackers, by Steve Levy, describes these "
+#| "events, as well as giving a clear picture of this community in its "
+#| "prime.) When the AI Lab bought a new PDP-10 in 1982, its administrators "
+#| "decided to use Digital's nonfree timesharing system instead of ITS."
msgid ""
"The AI Lab hacker community had already collapsed, not long before. In "
"1981, the spin-off company Symbolics had hired away nearly all of the "
"hackers from the AI Lab, and the depopulated community was unable to "
-"maintain itself. (The book Hackers, by Steve Levy, describes these events, "
-"as well as giving a clear picture of this community in its prime.) When the "
-"AI Lab bought a new PDP-10 in 1982, its administrators decided to use "
-"Digital's nonfree timesharing system instead of ITS."
+"maintain itself. (The book <cite>Hackers</cite>, by Steve Levy, describes "
+"these events, as well as giving a clear picture of this community in its "
+"prime.) When the AI Lab bought a new PDP-10 in 1982, its administrators "
+"decided to use Digital's nonfree timesharing system instead of ITS."
msgstr ""
"Ùا٠Ù
جتÙ
ع اÙÙراصÙØ© اÙÙ
برÙ
جÙ٠بÙ
ختبر
اÙØ°Ùاء اﻻصطÙاع٠Ùد اÙÙار Ùب٠ذÙ٠بÙترة "
"ÙصÙرة. ÙÙ٠اÙعاÙ
1981Ù
Ø ÙاÙت شرÙØ© سÙÙ
بÙÙÙس
(Symbolics) Ùد ÙجØت Ù٠تÙظÙ٠أغÙب "
@@ -174,7 +194,7 @@
"استخداÙ
ÙظاÙ
تشغÙ٠اÙÙ
شارÙØ© باÙÙÙت Ù
Ù
دÙجÙتاÙØ ÙاÙØ°Ù ÙÙ
ÙÙÙ ØراÙØ Ø¹Ùضا٠ع٠"
"ÙظاÙ
ITS اÙÙدÙÙ
."
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"The modern computers of the era, such as the VAX or the 68020, had their own "
"operating systems, but none of them were free software: you had to sign a "
@@ -184,7 +204,7 @@
"تØÙ٠أÙظÙ
Ø© اÙتشغÙ٠اÙخاصة بÙØ§Ø ÙاÙت٠ÙÙ
ÙÙ٠أÙÙا ØراÙ: Ùا٠Ùجب عÙÙ٠أ٠تÙÙÙ
"
"بتÙÙÙع اتÙاÙÙØ© عدÙ
Ø¥Ùشاء اﻷسرار ÙÙ ÙÙت
ترغب باÙØصÙ٠عÙÙ Ùسخة Ù
٠اÙبرÙاÙ
ج."
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"This meant that the first step in using a computer was to promise not to "
"help your neighbor. A cooperating community was forbidden. The rule made "
@@ -198,7 +218,7 @@
"جارÙØ ÙØ£Ùت إذا٠ÙرصاÙ. إذا ÙÙت ترغب بإجراء
أ٠تعدÙÙات عÙ٠اÙبرÙاÙ
Ø¬Ø Ùجب عÙÙÙ "
"أ٠تتÙس٠إÙÙÙا ÙÙÙÙÙ
بذÙÙ.”"
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"The idea that the proprietary software social system—the system that "
"says you are not allowed to share or change software—is antisocial, "
@@ -220,11 +240,27 @@
"Ø£Ù ÙتÙÙÙ
Ø°ÙÙØ ÙÙاشر٠اÙبراÙ
ج Ùد بذÙÙا
اÙÙØ«Ùر Ù
٠اÙÙÙت ÙاÙجÙد ﻹÙÙاع "
"اÙÙ
ستخدÙ
Ù٠بأ٠ÙÙا٠طرÙÙØ© ÙاØدة ÙÙØ· ÙÙØÙÙ
عÙÙ Ùذ٠اÙÙ
سأÙØ©."
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
+# | When software publishers talk about “enforcing” their
+# | “rights” or “stopping <a
+# | [-href=\"/philosophy/words-to-avoid.html#Piracy\">piracy</a>”,-]
+# | {+href=\"/philosophy/words-to-avoid.html#Piracy\">piracy</a>,”+}
+# | what they actually <em>say</em> is secondary. The real message of these
+# | statements is in the unstated assumptions they take for granted, which the
+# | public is asked to accept without examination. Let's therefore examine
+# | them.
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "When software publishers talk about “enforcing” their “"
+#| "rights” or “stopping <a href=\"/philosophy/words-to-avoid."
+#| "html#Piracy\">piracy</a>”, what they actually <em>say</em> is "
+#| "secondary. The real message of these statements is in the unstated "
+#| "assumptions they take for granted, which the public is asked to accept "
+#| "without examination. Let's therefore examine them."
msgid ""
"When software publishers talk about “enforcing” their “"
"rights” or “stopping <a href=\"/philosophy/words-to-avoid."
-"html#Piracy\">piracy</a>”, what they actually <em>say</em> is "
+"html#Piracy\">piracy</a>,” what they actually <em>say</em> is "
"secondary. The real message of these statements is in the unstated "
"assumptions they take for granted, which the public is asked to accept "
"without examination. Let's therefore examine them."
@@ -235,7 +271,7 @@
"اÙØÙÙÙÙØ© Ù
Ù Ùراء تصرÙØاتÙÙ
تÙÙ
Ù ÙÙ
اÙتراضاتÙÙ
غÙر اÙÙ
عÙÙØ©Ø ÙاÙت٠ÙتعÙ٠عÙÙ "
"اÙجÙ
ÙÙر اÙÙبÙ٠بÙا بدÙ٠بØØ« أ٠تÙ
ØÙص.
إذاÙØ ÙÙÙÙÙ
باÙبØØ« ÙÙ Ùذ٠اﻻÙتراضات اﻵÙ."
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"One assumption is that software companies have an unquestionable natural "
"right to own software and thus have power over all its users. (If this were "
@@ -252,7 +288,7 @@
"اÙÙ
ÙÙÙØ© ÙÙست ØÙÙÙا٠أصÙÙØ©Ø ÙØ¥ÙÙ
ا Ù٠خطة
اØتÙارÙØ© Ù
صطÙعة تÙرضÙا اÙØÙÙÙ
ات ÙتÙ
Ùع "
"اÙÙ
ستخدÙ
ÙÙ Ù
Ù Ù
Ù
ارسة ØÙÙÙ
اÙطبÙع٠ÙÙ
اÙÙÙÙ ÙاÙÙ
شارÙØ©."
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"Another unstated assumption is that the only important thing about software "
"is what jobs it allows you to do—that we computer users should not "
@@ -262,7 +298,7 @@
"ÙÙع اÙÙظائ٠اÙت٠ÙÙ
ÙÙ٠اÙÙÙاÙ
بÙا — بÙ
عÙ٠أÙÙا ÙÙ
ستخدÙ
Ù ØÙاسÙب Ùجب Ø£Ùا "
"ÙÙتÙ
Ø£Ù ÙÙÙر ÙÙ ÙÙع اÙÙ
جتÙ
ع اÙØ°Ù ÙÙسÙ
ÙØ
ÙÙا باÙعÙØ´ ÙÙÙ."
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"A third assumption is that we would have no usable software (or would never "
"have a program to do this or that particular job) if we did not offer a "
@@ -276,7 +312,7 @@
"ÙÙÙÙÙØ© اﻷÙÙÙØ Ø¥ï»» Ø£Ù ØرÙØ© اÙبرÙ
جÙات اÙØرة
Ùد برÙÙت عÙ٠أÙÙا ÙÙ
ÙÙÙا Ø£Ù ÙتØص٠"
"عÙ٠اÙÙØ«Ùر Ù
٠اÙبرÙ
جÙات اÙÙ
ÙÙدة بدÙ٠أÙ
Ùضع ÙÙÙدا٠عÙÙÙا."
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"If we decline to accept these assumptions, and judge these issues based on "
"ordinary commonsense morality while placing the users first, we arrive at "
@@ -290,13 +326,31 @@
"ÙÙاسب اØتÙاجاتÙÙ
Ø ÙÙ
ا ÙÙبغ٠أ٠تÙÙÙ ÙدÙÙÙ
ØرÙØ© Ù
شارÙØ© اÙبرÙ
جÙØ§ØªØ Ø¨Ø¨Ø³Ø§Ø·Ø© ï»·Ù "
"Ù
ساعدة اﻵخرÙÙ Ù٠اﻷساس Ù٠بÙاء اÙÙ
جتÙ
ع."
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
+# | There is no room here for an extensive statement of the reasoning behind
+# | this conclusion, so I refer the reader to [-the web pages <a
+# | href=\"/philosophy/why-free.html\">
+# | http://www.gnu.org/philosophy/why-free.html</a>-] {+“<a
+# | href=\"/philosophy/why-free.html\">Why Software Should Not Have
+# | Owners</a>,”+} and [-<a
+# | href=\"/philosophy/free-software-even-more-important.html\">
+# | http://www.gnu.org/philosophy/free-software-even-more-important.html</a>.-]
+# | {+“<a
+# | href=\"/philosophy/free-software-even-more-important.html\">Free Software
+# | Is Even More Important Now</a>.”+}
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "There is no room here for an extensive statement of the reasoning behind "
+#| "this conclusion, so I refer the reader to the web pages <a href=\"/"
+#| "philosophy/why-free.html\"> http://www.gnu.org/philosophy/why-free.html</"
+#| "a> and <a href=\"/philosophy/free-software-even-more-important.html\"> "
+#| "http://www.gnu.org/philosophy/free-software-even-more-important.html</a>."
msgid ""
"There is no room here for an extensive statement of the reasoning behind "
-"this conclusion, so I refer the reader to the web pages <a href=\"/"
-"philosophy/why-free.html\"> http://www.gnu.org/philosophy/why-free.html</a> "
-"and <a href=\"/philosophy/free-software-even-more-important.html\"> http://";
-"www.gnu.org/philosophy/free-software-even-more-important.html</a>."
+"this conclusion, so I refer the reader to “<a href=\"/philosophy/why-"
+"free.html\">Why Software Should Not Have Owners</a>,” and “<a "
+"href=\"/philosophy/free-software-even-more-important.html\">Free Software Is "
+"Even More Important Now</a>.”"
msgstr ""
"بÙ
ا أ٠اÙÙ
ساØØ© ï»» تسÙ
Ø Ø¨Ø¹Ø±Ø¶ Ù
Ø·ÙÙ ÙÙأسباب
اÙت٠تÙÙدÙا ÙÙذ٠اÙÙتÙØ¬Ø©Ø Ø¹ÙÙÙ ÙÙØµØ "
"اÙÙارئ باﻻطÙاع عÙ٠صÙØØ© <a
href=\"/philosophy/why-free.html\"> http://www.";
@@ -304,11 +358,11 @@
"software-even-more-important.html\"> http://www.gnu.org/philosophy/free-";
"software-even-more-important.html</a>."
-#. type: Content of: <h3>
+#. type: Content of: <div><h3>
msgid "A stark moral choice"
msgstr "اÙØ®Ùار اﻷخÙاÙ٠اÙÙاسÙ"
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"With my community gone, to continue as before was impossible. Instead, I "
"faced a stark moral choice."
@@ -316,7 +370,7 @@
"بعد اÙÙÙار Ù
جتÙ
ع٠اÙÙدÙÙ
Ø ØµØ§Ø± Ù
٠اÙÙ
ستØÙÙ
عÙ٠أ٠أÙاص٠ÙاÙسابÙ. ÙعÙÙ٠صار "
"عÙ٠أ٠أÙÙÙ
بأÙس٠خÙار أخÙاÙ٠عÙ٠اﻹطÙاÙ."
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"The easy choice was to join the proprietary software world, signing "
"nondisclosure agreements and promising not to help my fellow hacker. Most "
@@ -329,7 +383,7 @@
"سأÙÙÙ
بتطÙÙر برÙ
جÙات سÙتÙ
إصدارÙا تØت
اتÙاÙÙات عدÙ
Ø¥Ùشاء Ù
Ù
اثÙØ©Ø Ù
Ù
ا سÙزÙد "
"اÙضغط عÙ٠اﻵخرÙÙ ÙÙضطرÙÙ
ÙØ®ÙاÙØ© زÙ
ÙائÙÙ
باÙÙ
Ø«Ù."
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"I could have made money this way, and perhaps amused myself writing code. "
"But I knew that at the end of my career, I would look back on years of "
@@ -342,7 +396,7 @@
"ع٠بعضÙÙ
Ø ÙعÙدÙا سأشعر بأÙÙÙ ÙضÙت سÙÙ
ØÙات٠Ù٠جع٠اÙعاÙÙ
Ù
ÙاÙا٠أسÙØ£ ÙÙعÙØ´ "
"ÙÙÙ."
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"I had already experienced being on the receiving end of a nondisclosure "
"agreement, when someone refused to give me and the MIT AI Lab the source "
@@ -360,7 +414,7 @@
"رÙض Ø°Ù٠اÙشخص Ù
شارÙØ© اÙبرÙاÙ
ج Ù
عÙØ§Ø ÙÙÙ
أستطع أ٠أدÙر عÙ٠عÙب٠ÙØ£ÙÙÙ
بÙع٠"
"ÙÙس اÙشئ Ù
ع اﻵخرÙÙ."
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"Another choice, straightforward but unpleasant, was to leave the computer "
"field. That way my skills would not be misused, but they would still be "
@@ -372,7 +426,7 @@
"Ùا٠Ùذا سÙعÙ٠أÙضا٠أÙÙÙ Ù٠أÙÙÙ Ù
سئÙÙاÙ
ع٠تÙرÙØ© ÙتØجÙÙ
Ù
ستخدÙ
٠اÙØÙاسÙØ¨Ø Ø¥ï»» "
"Ø£Ù Ùذا ÙÙ
ÙÙÙ ÙÙÙ
Ùع ØدÙØ«ÙÙ
ا Ù٠جÙ
Ùع
اﻷØÙاÙ."
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"So I looked for a way that a programmer could do something for the good. I "
"asked myself, was there a program or programs that I could write, so as to "
@@ -382,7 +436,7 @@
"اÙÙ
جتÙ
ع. سأÙت ÙÙس٠سؤاÙاÙ: ÙÙ ÙÙا٠أ٠برÙاÙ
ج (أ٠براÙ
ج) ÙÙ
ÙÙÙ٠أ٠أÙÙÙ
"
"بÙتابتÙØ§Ø ÙاÙت٠ستجع٠باﻹÙ
Ùا٠إÙشاء Ù
جتÙ
ع Ù
شار٠Ù
٠جدÙدØ"
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"The answer was clear: what was needed first was an operating system. That "
"is the crucial software for starting to use a computer. With an operating "
@@ -400,7 +454,24 @@
"Ù
٠استخداÙ
ØاسÙب٠بدÙ٠أ٠Ùضطر بدءا٠ÙÙتآÙ
ر ضد زÙ
Ùائ٠ÙØرÙ
اÙÙÙ
Ù
Ù ØرÙتÙÙ
"
"اÙبرÙ
جÙØ©."
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
+# | As an operating system developer, I had the right skills for this job. So
+# | even though I could not take success for granted, I realized that I was
+# | elected to do the job. I chose to make the system compatible with Unix so
+# | that it would be portable, and so that Unix users could easily switch to
+# | it. The name GNU was chosen, following a hacker tradition, as a recursive
+# | acronym for “GNU's Not Unix.” It is pronounced as <a
+# | href=\"/gnu/pronunciation.html\">one syllable with a [-hard g</a>.-]
+# | {+hard <i>g</i></a>.+}
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "As an operating system developer, I had the right skills for this job. "
+#| "So even though I could not take success for granted, I realized that I "
+#| "was elected to do the job. I chose to make the system compatible with "
+#| "Unix so that it would be portable, and so that Unix users could easily "
+#| "switch to it. The name GNU was chosen, following a hacker tradition, as "
+#| "a recursive acronym for “GNU's Not Unix.” It is pronounced as "
+#| "<a href=\"/gnu/pronunciation.html\">one syllable with a hard g</a>."
msgid ""
"As an operating system developer, I had the right skills for this job. So "
"even though I could not take success for granted, I realized that I was "
@@ -408,7 +479,7 @@
"that it would be portable, and so that Unix users could easily switch to "
"it. The name GNU was chosen, following a hacker tradition, as a recursive "
"acronym for “GNU's Not Unix.” It is pronounced as <a href=\"/gnu/"
-"pronunciation.html\">one syllable with a hard g</a>."
+"pronunciation.html\">one syllable with a hard <i>g</i></a>."
msgstr ""
"بصÙت٠Ù
برÙ
ج Ø£ÙظÙ
Ø© تشغÙÙ ÙÙد ÙÙت Ø£Ù
تÙÙ
اÙصÙات اÙÙ
ؤÙÙØ© ÙÙذ٠اÙÙ
ÙÙ
Ø©. ÙØ°ÙÙØ "
"ÙرغÙ
ا٠ع٠أÙÙÙ ÙÙ
Ø£ÙÙ Ù
تأÙدا٠Ù
٠اÙÙجاØØ
ÙÙد أدرÙت Ø£ÙÙÙ Ùد تÙ
اختÙار٠ÙÙØ°Ù "
@@ -418,7 +489,7 @@
"“جÙÙ ÙÙس ÙÙÙÙس Ø£Ù GNU's Not Unix.” ÙÙÙØ·Ù <a
href=\"/gnu/"
"pronunciation.html\">ÙÙ
Ùطع ÙÙظ٠ÙاØد Ù
ع تشدÙد اÙجÙÙ
</a>."
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"An operating system does not mean just a kernel, barely enough to run other "
"programs. In the 1970s, every operating system worthy of the name included "
@@ -433,38 +504,37 @@
"ÙاÙت Ø£ÙظÙ
Ø© Multics ÙVMS ÙUnix جÙ
ÙعÙا. Ùا٠Ùذا ÙعÙÙ
Ø£Ù ÙظاÙ
جÙ٠سÙØتÙÙ ÙØ°Ù "
"اÙبراÙ
ج Ø£ÙضاÙ."
-#. type: Content of: <p>
-msgid "Later I heard these words, attributed to Hillel (1):"
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
+# | Later I heard these words, attributed to [-Hillel (1):-] {+Hillel <a
+# | href=\"#ft2\">[2]</a>:+}
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid "Later I heard these words, attributed to Hillel (1):"
+msgid ""
+"Later I heard these words, attributed to Hillel <a href=\"#ft2\">[2]</"
+"a>:"
msgstr "ÙاØÙاÙØ Ø³Ù
عت Ùذ٠اÙÙÙÙ
Ø§ØªØ ÙاÙتÙ
تÙÙسÙب Ø¥ÙÙ ÙÙÙÙÙ (Hillel) (1):"
-#. type: Content of: <blockquote><p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><blockquote><p>
msgid "If I am not for myself, who will be for me?"
msgstr "ÙÙ ÙÙ
Ø£Ù٠داعÙ
ا٠ÙÙÙسÙØ ÙÙ
٠سÙدعÙ
ÙÙØ"
-#. type: Content of: <blockquote><p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><blockquote><p>
msgid "If I am only for myself, what am I?"
msgstr "ÙÙ ÙÙ
Ø£ÙتÙ
باﻵخرÙÙØ ÙÙ
٠أÙاØ"
-#. type: Content of: <blockquote><p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><blockquote><p>
msgid "If not now, when?"
msgstr "ÙÙ ÙÙ
Ø£ÙعÙÙا اﻵÙØ ÙÙ
ت٠إذاÙØ"
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid "The decision to start the GNU Project was based on a similar spirit."
msgstr "Ùرار٠بإÙشاء Ù
شرÙع جÙÙ Ùا٠Ù
ستÙدا٠عÙÙ
عÙÙÙØ© Ù
شابÙØ© ÙÙØ°Ù."
-#. type: Content of: <p>
-msgid ""
-"(1) As an Atheist, I don't follow any religious leaders, but I sometimes "
-"find I admire something one of them has said."
-msgstr ""
-"(1) بصÙت٠Ù
ÙØداÙØ ÙØ£Ùا ï»» أتبع Ø£Ù Ùادة
دÙÙÙÙÙØ ÙÙÙÙÙ٠أÙعجÙب Ø£ØÙاÙا٠بÙ
ÙÙÙØ© Ø£ØدÙÙ
."
-
-#. type: Content of: <h3>
+#. type: Content of: <div><h3>
msgid "Free as in freedom"
msgstr "Øر ÙÙ
ا Ù٠اÙØرÙØ©"
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"The term “free software” is sometimes misunderstood—it has "
"nothing to do with price. It is about freedom. Here, therefore, is the "
@@ -473,18 +543,18 @@
"إ٠تعبÙر “اÙبرÙ
جÙات اÙØرة” ÙØ«Ùرا٠Ù
ا
Ùساء ÙÙÙ
Ù — ÙÙÙ ï»» "
"عÙاÙØ© Ù٠باÙÙ
اÙØ ÙØ¥ÙÙ
ا ÙÙعÙÙ٠باÙØرÙØ©. ÙÙÙ
ا ÙÙÙØ Ø³ÙÙÙÙ
بتعرÙ٠اÙبرÙ
جÙات اÙØرة."
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid "A program is free software, for you, a particular user, if:"
msgstr ""
"Ùعتبر اÙبرÙاÙ
ج اÙÙ
عÙ٠برÙ
جÙØ© Øرة باÙÙسبة
Ù٠أÙÙا اÙÙ
ستخدÙ
ØÙÙÙ
ا ÙستÙÙÙ ÙØ°Ù "
"اÙشرÙØ·:"
-#. type: Content of: <ul><li>
+#. type: Content of: <div><ul><li>
msgid "You have the freedom to run the program as you wish, for any purpose."
msgstr ""
"ØÙÙÙ
ا تÙÙÙ ÙدÙÙ ØرÙØ© استخداÙ
اÙبرÙاÙ
ج بأÙ
صÙرة تراÙا Ù
ÙØ§Ø³Ø¨Ø©Ø ï»·Ù ØºØ±Ø¶ ترغب بÙ."
-#. type: Content of: <ul><li>
+#. type: Content of: <div><ul><li>
msgid ""
"You have the freedom to modify the program to suit your needs. (To make "
"this freedom effective in practice, you must have access to the source code, "
@@ -495,13 +565,13 @@
"اÙØرÙØ© عÙ
ÙÙØ©Ø Ùجب أ٠تتÙÙر ÙدÙÙ Ø´Ùرة اÙÙ
صدر اÙخاصة باÙبرÙاÙ
Ø¬Ø ØÙØ« أ٠تعدÙÙ "
"اÙبرÙاÙ
ج بدÙÙ ÙجÙد Ø´Ùرة اÙÙ
صدر Ø£Ù
ر صعب
ÙÙغاÙØ©)."
-#. type: Content of: <ul><li>
+#. type: Content of: <div><ul><li>
msgid ""
"You have the freedom to redistribute copies, either gratis or for a fee."
msgstr ""
"ØÙÙÙ
ا تÙÙÙ ÙدÙÙ ØرÙØ© إعادة تÙزÙع Ùسخ Ù
Ù
اÙبرÙاÙ
Ø¬Ø Ù
جاÙا٠أ٠برسÙÙ
Ù
اÙÙØ©."
-#. type: Content of: <ul><li>
+#. type: Content of: <div><ul><li>
msgid ""
"You have the freedom to distribute modified versions of the program, so that "
"the community can benefit from your improvements."
@@ -509,7 +579,7 @@
"ØÙÙÙ
ا تÙÙÙ ÙدÙÙ ØرÙØ© إعادة تÙزÙع Ùسخ Ù
عدÙØ©
Ù
٠اÙبرÙاÙ
Ø¬Ø Ø¨ØÙØ« ÙÙ
ÙÙ ÙÙÙ
جتÙ
ع أ٠"
"ÙستÙÙد Ù
٠تØسÙÙات٠اÙت٠أدخÙتÙا عÙÙ
اÙبرÙاÙ
ج اﻷصÙ."
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"Since “free” refers to freedom, not to price, there is no "
"contradiction between selling copies and free software. In fact, the "
@@ -525,14 +595,34 @@
"ÙاÙت٠تساعد Ù٠تطÙÙر اÙبرÙ
جÙات اÙØرة. Ùذا
ÙعÙ٠أ٠أ٠برÙ
جÙØ© ï»» ÙÙسÙ
Ø Ø¨Ø¥Ø¯Ø®Ø§ÙÙا "
"ÙÙ Ùذ٠اÙÙ
جÙ
Ùعات Ù٠بطبÙعة اÙØا٠برÙ
جÙØ©
غÙر Øرة."
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
+# | Because of the ambiguity of [-“free”,-]
+# | {+“free,”+} people have long looked for alternatives, but no
+# | one has found a better term. The English language has more words and
+# | nuances than any other, but it lacks a simple, unambiguous, word that
+# | means [-“free”,-] {+“free,”+} as in
+# | freedom—“unfettered” being the word that comes closest
+# | in meaning. Such alternatives as [-“liberated”,
+# | “freedom”,-] {+“liberated,”
+# | “freedom,”+} and “open” have either the wrong
+# | meaning or some other disadvantage.
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "Because of the ambiguity of “free”, people have long looked "
+#| "for alternatives, but no one has found a better term. The English "
+#| "language has more words and nuances than any other, but it lacks a "
+#| "simple, unambiguous, word that means “free”, as in "
+#| "freedom—“unfettered” being the word that comes closest "
+#| "in meaning. Such alternatives as “liberated”, “"
+#| "freedom”, and “open” have either the wrong meaning or "
+#| "some other disadvantage."
msgid ""
-"Because of the ambiguity of “free”, people have long looked for "
+"Because of the ambiguity of “free,” people have long looked for "
"alternatives, but no one has found a better term. The English language has "
"more words and nuances than any other, but it lacks a simple, unambiguous, "
-"word that means “free”, as in freedom—“"
+"word that means “free,” as in freedom—“"
"unfettered” being the word that comes closest in meaning. Such "
-"alternatives as “liberated”, “freedom”, and “"
+"alternatives as “liberated,” “freedom,” and “"
"open” have either the wrong meaning or some other disadvantage."
msgstr ""
"Ùظرا٠ÙغÙ
Ùض Ù
عÙÙ ÙÙÙ
Ø© “اÙØرÙØ©”Ø
ÙØ¥ÙÙا Ùد بØØ«Ùا Ù
Ø·ÙÙا٠ع٠بدائ٠"
@@ -544,11 +634,11 @@
"Ù“Ù
ÙتÙØ (open)” جÙ
ÙعÙا تØÙ
Ù Ù
عÙÙÙ
خاطئاÙØ Ø£Ù ØªØ¹Ø§ÙÙ Ù
Ù ÙصÙر آخر ÙÙ "
"اÙÙ
عÙÙ."
-#. type: Content of: <h3>
+#. type: Content of: <div><h3>
msgid "GNU software and the GNU system"
msgstr "برÙ
جÙات جÙÙ ÙÙظاÙ
تشغÙ٠جÙÙ"
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"Developing a whole system is a very large project. To bring it into reach, "
"I decided to adapt and use existing pieces of free software wherever that "
@@ -562,7 +652,7 @@
"سÙÙØ§ØªØ Ùررت استخداÙ
ÙظاÙ
عرض Ø¥Ùس (X Window System)
بدÙا٠ع٠Ùتابة ÙظاÙ
عرض "
"جدÙد خصÙصا٠Ù
٠أج٠جÙÙ."
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"Because of these decisions, and others like them, the GNU system is not the "
"same as the collection of all GNU software. The GNU system includes "
@@ -575,11 +665,11 @@
"Ù
شرÙع جÙÙ. Ùذ٠اÙبرÙ
جÙات تÙ
تطÙÙرÙا Ù
Ù ÙبÙ
Ù
برÙ
جÙ٠آخرÙÙ ÙخدÙ
Ø© أغراضÙÙ
Ø "
"ÙÙÙÙÙا تÙ
ÙÙا Ù
٠استخداÙ
Ùا ï»·ÙÙا برÙ
جÙات
Øرة."
-#. type: Content of: <h3>
+#. type: Content of: <div><h3>
msgid "Commencing the project"
msgstr "بداÙØ© إطÙا٠اÙÙ
شرÙع"
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"In January 1984 I quit my job at MIT and began writing GNU software. "
"Leaving MIT was necessary so that MIT would not be able to interfere with "
@@ -598,7 +688,7 @@
"Ùذا اÙعÙ
ÙØ ÙÙØ· ﻷرا٠تØÙÙ ÙعÙ
Ù ï»» ÙخدÙ
اÙغرض اﻷساس٠Ù
٠إÙشائÙØ ÙÙ٠إعادة بÙاء "
"Ù
جتÙ
ع Ù
شار٠ÙÙبرÙ
جÙات."
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"However, Professor Winston, then the head of the MIT AI Lab, kindly invited "
"me to keep using the lab's facilities."
@@ -606,15 +696,29 @@
"ÙÙÙ٠برÙÙÙسÙر ÙÙستÙÙØ ÙاÙØ°Ù Ùا٠رئÙس Ù
ختبر اÙØ°Ùاء اﻻصطÙاع٠بÙ
عÙد Ù
اساشÙستس "
"ÙÙتÙÙÙÙÙجÙا ÙÙ Ø°Ù٠اÙÙÙØªØ ÙاÙ
Ù
Ø´ÙÙراÙ
بدعÙت٠ÙÙ
ÙاصÙØ© استخداÙ
Ù
Ùارد اÙÙ
ختبر."
-#. type: Content of: <h3>
+#. type: Content of: <div><h3>
msgid "The first steps"
msgstr "اÙخطÙات اﻷÙÙÙ"
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
+# | Shortly before beginning the GNU Project, I heard about the Free
+# | University Compiler Kit, also known as VUCK. (The Dutch word for
+# | “free” is written with a [-<em>v</em>.)-] {+<i>v</i>.)+} This
+# | was a compiler designed to handle multiple languages, including C and
+# | Pascal, and to support multiple target machines. I wrote to its author
+# | asking if GNU could use it.
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "Shortly before beginning the GNU Project, I heard about the Free "
+#| "University Compiler Kit, also known as VUCK. (The Dutch word for “"
+#| "free” is written with a <em>v</em>.) This was a compiler designed "
+#| "to handle multiple languages, including C and Pascal, and to support "
+#| "multiple target machines. I wrote to its author asking if GNU could use "
+#| "it."
msgid ""
"Shortly before beginning the GNU Project, I heard about the Free University "
"Compiler Kit, also known as VUCK. (The Dutch word for “free” is "
-"written with a <em>v</em>.) This was a compiler designed to handle multiple "
+"written with a <i>v</i>.) This was a compiler designed to handle multiple "
"languages, including C and Pascal, and to support multiple target machines. "
"I wrote to its author asking if GNU could use it."
msgstr ""
@@ -625,7 +729,7 @@
"ÙباسÙا٠(Pascal)Ø ÙÙ
ا Ø£ÙÙ Ùا٠ÙستÙد٠عدة أجÙزة
Ù
ختÙÙØ©. عÙÙÙ ÙÙد ÙÙ
ت باÙتÙاص٠"
"Ù
ع صاØب اÙبرÙاÙ
ج ﻷسأÙ٠إ٠Ùا٠بإÙ
Ùا٠Ù
شرÙع جÙ٠أ٠ÙستÙÙد Ù
٠عÙ
ÙÙ."
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"He responded derisively, stating that the university was free but the "
"compiler was not. I therefore decided that my first program for the GNU "
@@ -635,7 +739,7 @@
"اÙÙ
ترجÙ
Ù
جاÙÙ. Ùا٠Ùذا Ù
ا دÙعÙ٠ﻷ٠أÙرر Ø£Ù
Ø£Ù٠برÙاÙ
ج ÙÙ Ù
شرÙع جÙ٠سÙÙÙÙ "
"Ù
ترجÙ
ا٠Ù
تعدد اÙÙغات ÙاﻷÙداÙ."
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"Hoping to avoid the need to write the whole compiler myself, I obtained the "
"source code for the Pastel compiler, which was a multiplatform compiler "
@@ -656,11 +760,31 @@
"(stack space)Ø Ø¨ÙÙÙ
ا Ùا٠ÙظاÙ
ÙÙÙÙس اÙÙ
تÙÙر عÙÙ
ØاسÙب 68000 ÙسÙ
Ø Ø¨Ù64 "
"ÙÙÙÙباÙت ÙØد٠أÙص٠ÙÙ
ساØØ© اÙÙ
ÙراÙÙÙ
."
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
+# | I then realized that the Pastel compiler functioned by parsing the entire
+# | input file into a syntax tree, converting the whole syntax tree into a
+# | chain of [-“instructions”,-] {+“instructions,”+}
+# | and then generating the whole output file, without ever freeing any
+# | storage. At this point, I concluded I would have to write a new compiler
+# | from scratch. That new compiler is now known as <abbr title=\"GNU
+# | Compiler Collection\">GCC</abbr>; none of the Pastel compiler is used in
+# | it, but I managed to adapt and use the C front end that I had written.
+# | But that was some years later; first, I worked on GNU Emacs.
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "I then realized that the Pastel compiler functioned by parsing the entire "
+#| "input file into a syntax tree, converting the whole syntax tree into a "
+#| "chain of “instructions”, and then generating the whole output "
+#| "file, without ever freeing any storage. At this point, I concluded I "
+#| "would have to write a new compiler from scratch. That new compiler is "
+#| "now known as <abbr title=\"GNU Compiler Collection\">GCC</abbr>; none of "
+#| "the Pastel compiler is used in it, but I managed to adapt and use the C "
+#| "front end that I had written. But that was some years later; first, I "
+#| "worked on GNU Emacs."
msgid ""
"I then realized that the Pastel compiler functioned by parsing the entire "
"input file into a syntax tree, converting the whole syntax tree into a chain "
-"of “instructions”, and then generating the whole output file, "
+"of “instructions,” and then generating the whole output file, "
"without ever freeing any storage. At this point, I concluded I would have "
"to write a new compiler from scratch. That new compiler is now known as "
"<abbr title=\"GNU Compiler Collection\">GCC</abbr>; none of the Pastel "
@@ -677,11 +801,11 @@
"اÙÙاجÙØ© اﻷÙ
اÙ
ÙØ© ÙÙغة س٠(C) اÙت٠ÙÙ
ت
بÙتابتÙا Ù
Ù ÙبÙ. ÙÙ Ùذا Øدث بعد عدة "
"سÙÙØ§ØªØ Ø¥Ø° Ø£ÙÙ٠بدأت Ø£ÙÙا٠بÙتابة برÙاÙ
ج
جÙ٠إÙÙ
اÙس (GNU Emacs)."
-#. type: Content of: <h3>
+#. type: Content of: <div><h3>
msgid "GNU Emacs"
msgstr "برÙاÙ
ج جÙ٠إÙÙ
اÙس (GNU Emacs)"
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"I began work on GNU Emacs in September 1984, and in early 1985 it was "
"beginning to be usable. This enabled me to begin using Unix systems to do "
@@ -694,7 +818,7 @@
"ÙÙÙÙØ© استخداÙ
برÙاÙ
ج Ù٠آ٠(vi) أ٠إÙد (ed)Ø
ÙÙØ°ÙÙ ÙÙت Ø£ÙÙÙ
بتØرÙر Ù
ÙÙات٠"
"عÙ٠أÙظÙ
Ø© أخر٠Øت٠اÙتÙÙت Ù
Ù Ùتابة Ø¥ÙÙ
اÙس."
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"At this point, people began wanting to use GNU Emacs, which raised the "
"question of how to distribute it. Of course, I put it on the anonymous ftp "
@@ -716,7 +840,7 @@
"ÙÙÙÙÙا ÙادرÙ٠عÙ٠اÙتØص٠عÙÙ Ùسخة Ù
٠جÙÙ
عبر برÙتÙÙÙÙ ÙÙ٠اÙÙ
ÙÙات. Ù
Ù ÙÙا "
"برز اÙسؤا٠اÙثاÙÙ: Ù
ا اÙØ٠اÙذ٠سأخبر Ùؤﻻء
اﻷشخاص بÙØ"
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"I could have said, “Find a friend who is on the net and who will make "
"a copy for you.” Or I could have done what I did with the original "
@@ -739,11 +863,11 @@
"عÙ
Ù ÙتÙزÙع اÙبرÙ
جÙات اÙØØ±Ø©Ø ÙÙ٠اÙÙ
شرÙع
اÙØ°Ù Ùبعت Ù
Ù٠اÙشرÙات اÙØدÙثة اÙت٠"
"تÙÙÙ
بتÙزÙع إصدارات جÙÙ/ÙÙÙÙس اÙÙ
تعددة."
-#. type: Content of: <h3>
+#. type: Content of: <div><h3>
msgid "Is a program free for every user?"
msgstr "Ù
ت٠ÙÙÙ٠جÙ
Ùع Ù
ستخدÙ
٠برÙاÙ
ج Ù
عÙÙ
Ø£ØراراÙØ"
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"If a program is free software when it leaves the hands of its author, this "
"does not necessarily mean it will be free software for everyone who has a "
@@ -762,7 +886,7 @@
"اÙبرÙ
جÙات اÙØرة عÙÙÙا ØÙÙÙ Ù
ÙÙÙØ©Ø ØºÙر
Ø£ÙÙا ÙتÙ
تÙزÙعÙا تØت رخص بسÙطة "
"ÙÙ
تساÙÙØ©Ø Ù
Ù
ا ÙسÙ
Ø ÙÙبعض بتطÙÙر Ùسخ
اØتÙارÙØ© Ù
عدÙØ© Ù
٠اÙبرÙ
جÙات اÙÙ
عÙÙØ©."
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"The paradigmatic example of this problem is the X Window System. Developed "
"at MIT, and released as free software with a permissive license, it was soon "
@@ -778,11 +902,23 @@
"ÙاستÙ
ر استخداÙ
اتÙاÙÙات عدÙ
Ø¥Ùشاء اﻷسرار
ÙتغطÙØ© ÙظاÙ
عرض Ø¥Ùس. Ùذ٠اÙÙسخ Ù
Ù "
"ÙظاÙ
عرض Ø¥Ùس ÙÙ
تÙÙ ØØ±Ø©Ø Ù
Ø«ÙÙا Ù
ث٠أÙظÙ
Ø©
ÙÙÙÙس اÙت٠ÙاÙت تدعÙ
Ùا."
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
+# | The developers of the X Window System did not consider this a
+# | problem—they expected and intended this to happen. Their goal was
+# | not freedom, just [-“success”,-] {+“success,”+}
+# | defined as “having many users.” They did not care whether
+# | these users had freedom, only that they should be numerous.
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "The developers of the X Window System did not consider this a "
+#| "problem—they expected and intended this to happen. Their goal was "
+#| "not freedom, just “success”, defined as “having many "
+#| "users.” They did not care whether these users had freedom, only "
+#| "that they should be numerous."
msgid ""
"The developers of the X Window System did not consider this a problem—"
"they expected and intended this to happen. Their goal was not freedom, just "
-"“success”, defined as “having many users.” They did "
+"“success,” defined as “having many users.” They did "
"not care whether these users had freedom, only that they should be numerous."
msgstr ""
"Ù
Ø·Ùر٠ÙظاÙ
عرض Ø¥Ùس ÙÙ
ÙعتبرÙا ÙØ°Ù Ù
Ø´ÙÙØ©—ÙÙد ÙاÙÙا ÙتÙÙعÙÙ ÙØ°Ø§Ø Ø¨Ù "
@@ -790,7 +926,7 @@
"ÙÙÙØ¬Ø§Ø ÙÙ “اÙØصÙ٠عÙ٠أÙبر عدد Ù
٠اÙÙ
ستخدÙ
ÙÙ”. ÙÙ
ÙÙÙÙÙا Ù
ÙتÙ
ÙÙ "
"بØرÙØ© Ù
ستخدÙ
ÙÙÙ
Ø Ø¨Ùدر Ù
ا ÙاÙÙا Ù
ÙتÙ
ÙÙ
بعددÙÙ
."
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"This led to a paradoxical situation where two different ways of counting the "
"amount of freedom gave different answers to the question, “Is this "
@@ -808,23 +944,34 @@
"أغÙب اÙÙ
ستخدÙ
ÙÙ ÙÙ Ø°Ù٠اÙÙÙت ÙاÙÙا ÙستخدÙ
Ù٠اÙÙسخ اﻻØتÙارÙØ© اÙت٠جاءت Ù
ع "
"Ø£ÙظÙ
Ø© ÙÙÙÙØ³Ø ï»» اÙÙسخة اÙØرة Ù
Ù ÙظاÙ
اÙعرض
Ø¥Ùس."
-#. type: Content of: <h3>
+#. type: Content of: <div><h3>
msgid "Copyleft and the GNU GPL"
msgstr "اÙØÙÙ٠اÙÙ
ترÙÙØ© ÙاتÙاÙÙØ© جÙ٠اÙعاÙ
Ø©"
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
+# | The goal of GNU was to give users freedom, not just to be popular. So we
+# | needed to use distribution terms that would prevent GNU software from
+# | being turned into proprietary software. The method we use is called
+# | [-“copyleft”.(1)-] {+“copyleft” <a
+# | href=\"#ft3\">[3]</a>.+}
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "The goal of GNU was to give users freedom, not just to be popular. So we "
+#| "needed to use distribution terms that would prevent GNU software from "
+#| "being turned into proprietary software. The method we use is called "
+#| "“copyleft”.(1)"
msgid ""
"The goal of GNU was to give users freedom, not just to be popular. So we "
"needed to use distribution terms that would prevent GNU software from being "
"turned into proprietary software. The method we use is called “"
-"copyleft”.(1)"
+"copyleft” <a href=\"#ft3\">[3]</a>."
msgstr ""
"ÙÙ
ÙÙ٠اÙÙد٠Ù
Ù Ùراء Ù
شرÙع جÙ٠تØصÙÙ
اÙØ´ÙØ±Ø©Ø ÙØ¥ÙÙ
ا Ùا٠إعطاء اÙÙ
ستخدÙ
ÙÙ ÙاÙ
Ù "
"ØرÙتÙÙ
. Ù
Ù Ø«Ù
Ùا٠ÙزاÙ
ا٠عÙÙÙا Ø£Ù ÙستخدÙ
شرÙØ· تÙزÙع Ù
٠شأÙÙا أ٠تÙ
Ùع تØÙÙÙ "
"براÙ
ج جÙÙ ÙبراÙ
ج اØتÙارÙØ©. اÙطرÙÙØ© اÙتÙ
استخدÙ
ÙاÙا أصبØت تعر٠باسÙ
“"
"اÙØÙÙ٠اÙÙ
ترÙÙØ©”.(1)"
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"Copyleft uses copyright law, but flips it over to serve the opposite of its "
"usual purpose: instead of a means for restricting a program, it becomes a "
@@ -834,7 +981,7 @@
"عÙØ¨Ø ÙتخدÙ
اÙغرض اÙÙ
عاÙس ÙÙغرض اÙعادÙ:
بدÙا٠ع٠استخداÙ
ØÙÙ٠اÙÙ
ÙÙÙØ© ÙتÙÙÙد "
"برÙاÙ
ج Ù
Ø§Ø ØªØµØ¨Ø Ø§ÙØÙÙÙ ÙسÙÙØ© Ùجع٠اÙبرÙاÙ
ج ØراÙ."
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"The central idea of copyleft is that we give everyone permission to run the "
"program, copy the program, modify the program, and distribute modified "
@@ -848,7 +995,7 @@
"“اÙبرÙ
جÙات اÙØرة” عبرÙØ§Ø ØªØ¹ØªØ¨Ø± ØÙاÙ
Ù
ضÙ
ÙÙا٠ÙÙÙ Ùرد ÙÙ
تÙÙ Ùسخة٠Ù
Ù "
"اÙبرÙاÙ
Ø¬Ø ÙÙÙ ØÙÙ٠دائÙ
Ø© ÙغÙر ÙابÙØ© ÙÙÙ
صادرة أ٠اÙتØÙÙÙ."
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"For an effective copyleft, modified versions must also be free. This "
"ensures that work based on ours becomes available to our community if it is "
@@ -864,7 +1011,7 @@
"اÙÙÙÙ: “ÙÙ
Ùع عÙÙÙÙ
Ù
شارÙØ© Ùذ٠اÙتØسÙÙات
اÙبرÙ
جÙØ©Ø ï»·ÙÙا سÙÙÙÙ
"
"باستخداÙ
Ùا ÙتطÙÙر ÙسختÙا اﻻØتÙارÙØ© Ù
Ù
اÙبرÙاÙ
ج.”"
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"The requirement that changes must be free is essential if we want to ensure "
"freedom for every user of the program. The companies that privatized the X "
@@ -881,7 +1028,7 @@
"عذرا٠ÙاÙÙا٠ÙØرÙ
ا٠اÙÙ
ستخدÙ
ÙÙ Ù
Ù ØرÙاتÙÙ
Ø Ø¹ÙدÙا ÙØµØ¨Ø Ù
٠اÙسÙ٠عÙÙ ÙائÙÙ Ù
Ù Ùا٠"
"Ø£Ù Ùستغ٠Ùذا اÙعذر ÙÙ
صÙØت٠اÙشخصÙØ©."
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"A related issue concerns combining a free program with nonfree code. Such a "
"combination would inevitably be nonfree; whichever freedoms are lacking for "
@@ -898,49 +1045,61 @@
"اÙÙ
Ø´ÙÙØ©Ø ÙØ°Ù٠عبر اشتراط أ٠أ٠شئ ÙتÙ
دÙ
جÙ
أ٠إضاÙت٠ÙبرÙاÙ
ج Ø°Ù ØÙÙÙ Ù
ترÙÙØ© "
"Ùجب Ø£Ù ÙÙتج عÙ٠برÙاÙ
ج Øر ÙØ°Ù ØÙÙÙ Ù
ترÙÙØ©
Ø£ÙضاÙ."
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
+# | The specific implementation of copyleft that we use for most GNU software
+# | is the GNU General Public License, or GNU GPL for short. We have other
+# | kinds of copyleft that are used in specific circumstances. GNU manuals
+# | are copylefted also, but use a much simpler kind of copyleft, because the
+# | complexity of the GNU GPL is not necessary for [-manuals.(2)-]
+# | {+manuals. <a href=\"#ft4\">[4]</a>+}
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "The specific implementation of copyleft that we use for most GNU software "
+#| "is the GNU General Public License, or GNU GPL for short. We have other "
+#| "kinds of copyleft that are used in specific circumstances. GNU manuals "
+#| "are copylefted also, but use a much simpler kind of copyleft, because the "
+#| "complexity of the GNU GPL is not necessary for manuals.(2)"
msgid ""
"The specific implementation of copyleft that we use for most GNU software is "
"the GNU General Public License, or GNU GPL for short. We have other kinds "
"of copyleft that are used in specific circumstances. GNU manuals are "
"copylefted also, but use a much simpler kind of copyleft, because the "
-"complexity of the GNU GPL is not necessary for manuals.(2)"
+"complexity of the GNU GPL is not necessary for manuals. <a href="
+"\"#ft4\">[4]</a>"
msgstr ""
"إ٠رخصة جÙ٠اÙعاÙ
Ø© (GNU GPL) تعد Ø£Ùثر تطبÙ٠عÙ
ÙÙ Ù
ستخدÙ
Ù٠ترخÙص براÙ
ج جÙÙØ "
"Ù
ع اÙتÙÙÙÙ ÙÙجÙد رخص ØÙÙÙ Ù
ترÙÙØ© أخر٠ÙتÙ
استخداÙ
Ùا ÙÙ ØاÙات Ù
عÙÙØ©. ÙÙ
Ø«Ùا٠"
"ÙتÙ
ترخÙص ÙتÙبات جÙ٠باستخداÙ
رخصة ØÙÙÙ Ù
ترÙÙØ© Ù
Ø¨Ø³Ø·Ø©Ø Ùظرا٠ﻷ٠رخصة جÙÙ "
"اÙعاÙ
Ø© Ø£Ùثر تعÙÙدا٠Ù
Ù
ا تØتاج٠اÙÙتÙبات.(2)"
-#. type: Content of: <p>
-msgid ""
-"(1) In 1984 or 1985, Don Hopkins (a very imaginative fellow) mailed me a "
-"letter. On the envelope he had written several amusing sayings, including "
-"this one: “Copyleft—all rights reversed.” I used the word "
-"“copyleft” to name the distribution concept I was developing at "
-"the time."
-msgstr ""
-"(1) Ù٠اÙعاÙ
1984 Ø£Ù 1985Ø ÙÙ
ت باستÙاÙ
برÙد Ù
رسÙ
Ù
٠دÙÙ ÙÙبÙÙز (ÙÙ٠شخص Ø°Ù "
-"Ø®Ùا٠Ùاسع). Ùا٠اÙÙ
ظرÙÙ ÙØتÙ٠عدة Ùتابات Ù
سÙÙØ©Ø Ù
Ø«Ù: “جÙ
Ùع اÙØÙÙÙ "
-"Ù
ترÙÙØ©”. ÙÙت استخدÙ
ÙÙÙ
Ø© “اÙØÙÙÙ Ù
ترÙÙØ©” ÙÙدÙاÙØ© عÙÙ "
-"اÙÙ
ÙÙÙÙ
اÙØ°Ù ÙÙت Ø£ÙÙÙ
بتطÙÙر٠ÙÙ Ø°ÙÙ
اÙÙÙت."
-
-#. type: Content of: <p>
-msgid ""
-"(2) We now use the <a href=\"/licenses/fdl.html\">GNU Free Documentation "
-"License</a> for documentation."
-msgstr ""
-"(2) ÙØÙ ÙÙÙÙ
باستخداÙ
<a href=\"/licenses/fdl.html\">رخصة
جÙÙ ÙÙÙثائ٠اÙØرة</"
-"a> ÙترخÙص اÙÙثائÙ."
-
-#. type: Content of: <h3>
+#. type: Content of: <div><h3>
msgid "The Free Software Foundation"
msgstr "Ù
ؤسسة اÙبرÙ
جÙات اÙØرة"
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
+# | As interest in using Emacs was growing, other people became involved in
+# | the GNU project, and we decided that it was time to seek funding once
+# | again. So in 1985 we created the <a
+# | href=\"http{+s+}://www.fsf.org/\">Free Software Foundation</a> (FSF), a
+# | tax-exempt charity for free software development. The <abbr title=\"Free
+# | Software Foundation\">FSF</abbr> also took over the Emacs tape
+# | distribution business; later it extended this by adding other free
+# | software (both GNU and non-GNU) to the tape, and by selling free manuals
+# | as well.
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "As interest in using Emacs was growing, other people became involved in "
+#| "the GNU project, and we decided that it was time to seek funding once "
+#| "again. So in 1985 we created the <a href=\"http://www.fsf.org/\";>Free "
+#| "Software Foundation</a> (FSF), a tax-exempt charity for free software "
+#| "development. The <abbr title=\"Free Software Foundation\">FSF</abbr> "
+#| "also took over the Emacs tape distribution business; later it extended "
+#| "this by adding other free software (both GNU and non-GNU) to the tape, "
+#| "and by selling free manuals as well."
msgid ""
"As interest in using Emacs was growing, other people became involved in the "
"GNU project, and we decided that it was time to seek funding once again. So "
-"in 1985 we created the <a href=\"http://www.fsf.org/\";>Free Software "
+"in 1985 we created the <a href=\"https://www.fsf.org/\";>Free Software "
"Foundation</a> (FSF), a tax-exempt charity for free software development. "
"The <abbr title=\"Free Software Foundation\">FSF</abbr> also took over the "
"Emacs tape distribution business; later it extended this by adding other "
@@ -956,16 +1115,37 @@
"برÙ
جÙات Øرة أخر٠(بعضÙا Ù
٠جÙÙ ÙاÙبعض Ù
Ù
جÙات أخرÙ) ÙÙØ´Ø±Ø§Ø¦Ø·Ø ÙÙ
ا أصبØت تبÙع "
"اÙÙتÙبات اÙØرة Ø£ÙضاÙ."
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
+# | Most of the FSF's income used to come from sales of copies of free
+# | software and of other related services (CD-ROMs of source code, CD-ROMs
+# | with binaries, nicely printed manuals, all with the freedom to
+# | redistribute and modify), and Deluxe Distributions (distributions for
+# | which we built the whole collection of software for the customer's choice
+# | of platform). Today the FSF still <a href=\"http{+s+}://shop.fsf.org/\">
+# | sells manuals and other gear</a>, but it gets the bulk of its funding from
+# | members' dues. You can join the FSF at <a
+# | [-href=\"http://fsf.org/join\";>fsf.org</a>.-]
+# | {+href=\"https://my.fsf.org/join\";>fsf.org</a>.+}
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "Most of the FSF's income used to come from sales of copies of free "
+#| "software and of other related services (CD-ROMs of source code, CD-ROMs "
+#| "with binaries, nicely printed manuals, all with the freedom to "
+#| "redistribute and modify), and Deluxe Distributions (distributions for "
+#| "which we built the whole collection of software for the customer's choice "
+#| "of platform). Today the FSF still <a href=\"http://shop.fsf.org/\";> "
+#| "sells manuals and other gear</a>, but it gets the bulk of its funding "
+#| "from members' dues. You can join the FSF at <a href=\"http://fsf.org/join";
+#| "\">fsf.org</a>."
msgid ""
"Most of the FSF's income used to come from sales of copies of free software "
"and of other related services (CD-ROMs of source code, CD-ROMs with "
"binaries, nicely printed manuals, all with the freedom to redistribute and "
"modify), and Deluxe Distributions (distributions for which we built the "
"whole collection of software for the customer's choice of platform). Today "
-"the FSF still <a href=\"http://shop.fsf.org/\";> sells manuals and other "
+"the FSF still <a href=\"https://shop.fsf.org/\";> sells manuals and other "
"gear</a>, but it gets the bulk of its funding from members' dues. You can "
-"join the FSF at <a href=\"http://fsf.org/join\";>fsf.org</a>."
+"join the FSF at <a href=\"https://my.fsf.org/join\";>fsf.org</a>."
msgstr ""
"Ù
ؤسسة اÙبرÙ
جÙات اÙØرة ÙاÙت تÙتسب أغÙب
دخÙÙا Ù
Ù Ù
بÙعات Ùسخ اÙبرÙ
جÙات اÙØØ±Ø©Ø "
"باﻹضاÙØ© ÙخدÙ
ات أخر٠Ù
تعÙÙØ© بذÙÙ (Ù
بÙعات
اÙشرائط اÙÙ
ضغÙطة اÙت٠تØتÙ٠عÙÙ Ø´Ùرة "
@@ -977,7 +1157,24 @@
"ÙÙ
ÙÙ٠أ٠تÙضÙ
ÙÙÙ
ؤسسة <a
href=\"http://fsf.org/join\";>باÙاشترا٠عبر Ùذا "
"اÙرابط</a>."
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
+# | Free Software Foundation employees have written and maintained a number of
+# | GNU software packages. Two notable ones are the C library and the shell.
+# | The GNU C library is what every program running on a GNU/Linux system uses
+# | to communicate with Linux. It was developed by a member of the Free
+# | Software Foundation staff, Roland McGrath. The shell used on most
+# | GNU/Linux systems is <abbr title=\"Bourne Again Shell\">BASH</abbr>, the
+# | Bourne Again [-Shell(1),-] {+SHell <a href=\"#ft5\">[5]</a>,+} which
+# | was developed by FSF employee Brian Fox.
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "Free Software Foundation employees have written and maintained a number "
+#| "of GNU software packages. Two notable ones are the C library and the "
+#| "shell. The GNU C library is what every program running on a GNU/Linux "
+#| "system uses to communicate with Linux. It was developed by a member of "
+#| "the Free Software Foundation staff, Roland McGrath. The shell used on "
+#| "most GNU/Linux systems is <abbr title=\"Bourne Again Shell\">BASH</abbr>, "
+#| "the Bourne Again Shell(1), which was developed by FSF employee Brian Fox."
msgid ""
"Free Software Foundation employees have written and maintained a number of "
"GNU software packages. Two notable ones are the C library and the shell. "
@@ -985,7 +1182,8 @@
"to communicate with Linux. It was developed by a member of the Free "
"Software Foundation staff, Roland McGrath. The shell used on most GNU/Linux "
"systems is <abbr title=\"Bourne Again Shell\">BASH</abbr>, the Bourne Again "
-"Shell(1), which was developed by FSF employee Brian Fox."
+"SHell <a href=\"#ft5\">[5]</a>, which was developed by FSF employee "
+"Brian Fox."
msgstr ""
"Ù
ÙظÙÙ Ù
ؤسسة اÙبرÙ
جÙات اÙØرة ÙاÙ
Ùا بÙتابة
ÙتطÙÙر Ù
جÙ
Ùعة Ù
Ù ØزÙ
اÙبراÙ
ج اÙخاصة "
"بجÙÙØ ÙاÙت٠ÙØ°Ùر Ù
ÙÙا Ù
Ùتبة Ùغة س٠(C) ÙÙ
ÙÙÙÙÙØ° اﻷÙاÙ
ر. Ø¥Ù Ù
Ùتبة س٠اÙخاصة بجÙÙ "
@@ -996,7 +1194,7 @@
"abbr>)Ø ÙÙ٠اختصار ÙÙجÙ
ÙØ© اﻹÙجÙÙزÙØ© (اÙÙسخة
اÙجدÙدة Ù
Ù Ù
ÙÙØ° Ø£ÙاÙ
ر بÙرÙ) (1). "
"Ù
ÙÙØ° Ø£ÙاÙ
ر باش ÙاÙ
بتطÙÙر٠Ù
Ùظ٠اÙÙ
ؤسسة
براÙا٠ÙÙÙس."
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"We funded development of these programs because the GNU Project was not just "
"about tools or a development environment. Our goal was a complete operating "
@@ -1006,20 +1204,11 @@
"اﻷدÙات أ٠بÙئة اÙتطÙÙر ÙÙØ·Ø ÙØ¥ÙÙ
ا ÙاÙ
ÙدÙÙا تطÙÙر ÙظاÙ
تشغÙÙ Ù
تÙاÙ
ÙØ ÙÙØ°Ù "
"اÙبراÙ
ج ÙاÙت خطÙØ© أساسÙØ© Ù٠اÙÙصÙÙ ÙÙذا
اÙÙدÙ."
-#. type: Content of: <p>
-msgid ""
-"(1) “Bourne Again Shell” is a play on the name “Bourne "
-"Shell”, which was the usual shell on Unix."
-msgstr ""
-"(1) اسÙ
“اÙÙسخة اÙجدÙدة Ù
Ù Ù
ÙÙØ° Ø£ÙاÙ
ر
بÙرٔ ÙÙ Ùعب عÙ٠اﻹسÙ
"
-"اﻷصÙÙØ “Ù
ÙÙØ° Ø£ÙاÙ
ر بÙØ±Ù”Ø ØÙØ« Ùا٠Ù
ÙÙØ° اﻷÙاÙ
ر اÙÙ
عتÙ
د عÙ٠أÙظÙ
Ø© "
-"ÙÙÙÙس اÙÙدÙÙ
Ø©."
-
-#. type: Content of: <h3>
+#. type: Content of: <div><h3>
msgid "Free software support"
msgstr "ÙÙÙ ÙدعÙ
اÙبرÙ
جÙات اÙØرة"
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"The free software philosophy rejects a specific widespread business "
"practice, but it is not against business. When businesses respect the "
@@ -1029,7 +1218,7 @@
"ÙÙس اÙÙÙت ï»» ترÙض ÙÙرة اÙتجارة بصÙرة عاÙ
Ø©.
ØÙÙÙ
ا ÙÙÙÙ
أصØاب اﻷعÙ
ا٠باØتراÙ
"
"ØرÙØ© اÙÙ
ستخدÙ
ÙÙØ ØÙÙÙا ÙتÙ
ÙÙ ÙÙÙ
اÙÙجاØ
Ùï»» شئ غÙرÙ."
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"Selling copies of Emacs demonstrates one kind of free software business. "
"When the FSF took over that business, I needed another way to make a "
@@ -1046,7 +1235,7 @@
"(GCC)Ø ÙÙÙ٠تÙÙÙ
بتطÙÙر برÙ
جÙات٠اÙخاصةØ
ÙÙÙ٠تÙÙÙ
بترÙÙØ© Ù
ÙجÙ
Ùع جÙÙ ÙÙعÙ
٠عÙÙ "
"Ø£ÙظÙ
Ø© تشغÙ٠أخرÙ."
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"Today each of these kinds of free software business is practiced by a number "
"of corporations. Some distribute free software collections on CD-ROM; "
@@ -1061,14 +1250,33 @@
"ÙÙبراÙ
ج. Ù٠اÙØÙÙÙØ©Ø ÙÙد تطÙر اﻷÙ
ر ØتÙ
صرÙا Ùر٠شرÙات برÙ
جÙات ÙاÙ
ÙØ© ÙتÙ
"
"Ø¥ÙشاؤÙا ÙتÙÙÙ
ببÙع برÙ
جÙاتÙا اÙØرة."
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
+# | Watch out, though—a number of companies that associate themselves
+# | with the term “open source” actually base their business on
+# | nonfree software that works with free software. These are not free
+# | software companies, they are proprietary software companies whose products
+# | tempt users away from freedom. They call these programs
+# | “value-added [-packages”,-] {+packages,”+} which shows
+# | the values they would like us to adopt: convenience above freedom. If we
+# | value freedom more, we should call them “freedom-subtracted”
+# | packages.
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "Watch out, though—a number of companies that associate themselves "
+#| "with the term “open source” actually base their business on "
+#| "nonfree software that works with free software. These are not free "
+#| "software companies, they are proprietary software companies whose "
+#| "products tempt users away from freedom. They call these programs “"
+#| "value-added packages”, which shows the values they would like us to "
+#| "adopt: convenience above freedom. If we value freedom more, we should "
+#| "call them “freedom-subtracted” packages."
msgid ""
"Watch out, though—a number of companies that associate themselves with "
"the term “open source” actually base their business on nonfree "
"software that works with free software. These are not free software "
"companies, they are proprietary software companies whose products tempt "
"users away from freedom. They call these programs “value-added "
-"packages”, which shows the values they would like us to adopt: "
+"packages,” which shows the values they would like us to adopt: "
"convenience above freedom. If we value freedom more, we should call them "
"“freedom-subtracted” packages."
msgstr ""
@@ -1081,11 +1289,11 @@
"اÙسÙÙÙØ© ÙاÙÙ
ÙاءÙ
Ø© Ùب٠اÙØرÙØ©. إذا ÙÙا ÙÙدر
ØرÙتÙا Ø£Ùثر Ù
٠أ٠شئ Ø¢Ø®Ø±Ø Ø¹ÙدÙا "
"سÙÙ ÙØ·Ù٠عÙÙÙÙ
“ØزÙ
اÙØرÙØ© اÙÙ
ÙÙÙدة”."
-#. type: Content of: <h3>
+#. type: Content of: <div><h3>
msgid "Technical goals"
msgstr "اﻷÙدا٠اÙتÙÙÙØ© ÙÙÙ
شرÙع"
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"The principal goal of GNU is to be free software. Even if GNU had no "
"technical advantage over Unix, it would have a social advantage, allowing "
@@ -1096,7 +1304,7 @@
"ï»·ÙÙ ÙسÙ
Ø ÙÙÙ
ستخدÙ
Ù٠باÙتعاÙÙØ ÙÙ
ا Ø£Ù ÙÙ
اﻷÙضÙÙØ© اﻷخÙاÙÙØ©Ø ï»·ÙÙ ÙØترÙ
ØرÙØ© "
"اÙÙ
ستخدÙ
."
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"But it was natural to apply the known standards of good practice to the "
"work—for example, dynamically allocating data structures to avoid "
@@ -1109,7 +1317,7 @@
"Ù
سبÙاÙ. Ù
ثا٠آخر ÙÙÙ
Ù Ù٠استخداÙ
جÙ
Ùع
Ø£ÙÙاع اÙØ´Ùرات ذات 8 بت Ù٠اÙØاÙات اÙت٠"
"Ùا٠ÙÙÙا Ùذا اﻻستخداÙ
Ù
ÙØ·ÙÙاÙ."
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"In addition, we rejected the Unix focus on small memory size, by deciding "
"not to support 16-bit machines (it was clear that 32-bit machines would be "
@@ -1128,7 +1336,7 @@
"بØÙØ« تÙÙÙ
بÙراءة اÙÙ
Ù٠اÙÙ
دخ٠ÙاÙ
Ùا٠إÙÙ
ذاÙرة اÙØاسÙØ¨Ø Ù
Ù Ø«Ù
ÙÙÙÙ
اÙبراÙ
ج "
"باÙعÙ
٠عÙÙ Ù
ØتÙÙات اÙÙ
ÙÙØ Ù
٠دÙ٠اÙتÙÙÙر
Ù٠عÙ
ÙÙات اﻹدخا٠Ùاﻹخراج (I/O)."
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"These decisions enabled many GNU programs to surpass their Unix counterparts "
"in reliability and speed."
@@ -1136,11 +1344,11 @@
"Ùذ٠اÙÙرارات Ùا٠ÙÙا باÙغ اﻷثر Ù٠جعÙ
اÙÙØ«Ùر Ù
٠براÙ
ج جÙ٠تتÙ
Ùز ع٠Ù
Ø«ÙÙاتÙا "
"ÙÙ ÙظاÙ
ÙÙÙÙØ³Ø ÙÙÙ
ا ÙتعÙ٠باÙسرعة ÙدÙØ©
اﻷداء."
-#. type: Content of: <h3>
+#. type: Content of: <div><h3>
msgid "Donated computers"
msgstr "أجÙزة اÙØاسÙب اÙÙ
تبرع بÙا"
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"As the GNU Project's reputation grew, people began offering to donate "
"machines running Unix to the project. These were very useful, because the "
@@ -1154,7 +1362,7 @@
"ÙاØدا٠تÙ٠اﻵخر. ÙÙÙÙ Ùذ٠اﻷجÙزة جÙبت Ù
عÙا سؤاÙا٠أخÙاÙÙا٠Ù
ÙÙ
اÙ: ÙÙ ÙجÙز ÙÙا "
"بداÙة٠أ٠ÙÙ
تÙÙ Ùسخة Ù
Ù ÙظاÙ
ÙÙÙÙسØ"
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"Unix was (and is) proprietary software, and the GNU Project's philosophy "
"said that we should not use proprietary software. But, applying the same "
@@ -1171,7 +1379,7 @@
"سÙساعد اÙآخرÙÙ ÙÙتÙÙÙÙا ع٠استخداÙ
اÙØزÙ
Ø©
اﻻØتÙارÙØ© ÙÙÙÙÙ
Ùا باستخداÙ
اÙبدÙÙ "
"اÙØر."
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"But, even if this was a justifiable evil, it was still an evil. Today we no "
"longer have any copies of Unix, because we have replaced them with free "
@@ -1182,11 +1390,11 @@
"Ù
Ù ÙظاÙ
ÙÙÙÙس اÙÙدÙÙ
Ø ï»·ÙÙا ÙÙ
Ùا
باستبداÙÙا جÙ
Ùعا٠بأÙظÙ
Ø© تشغÙÙ Øرة. ØÙÙÙ
ا "
"عجزÙا ع٠استبدا٠ÙظاÙ
تشغÙ٠جÙاز٠Ù
ا بآخر
ØØ±Ø ÙÙ
Ùا باستبدا٠اÙجÙاز ÙÙسÙ."
-#. type: Content of: <h3>
+#. type: Content of: <div><h3>
msgid "The GNU Task List"
msgstr "ÙائÙ
Ø© Ù
ÙاÙ
Ù
شرÙع جÙÙ"
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"As the GNU Project proceeded, and increasing numbers of system components "
"were found or developed, eventually it became useful to make a list of the "
@@ -1204,13 +1412,27 @@
"جÙÙØ Ø¨Ø±Ø§Ù
جا٠ÙÙثائÙا٠أخر٠أØسسÙا Ø£ÙÙا
جزء أساس٠ﻷ٠ÙظاÙ
ÙرÙد Ø£Ù ÙÙÙÙ ÙظاÙ
ا٠"
"Ù
تÙاÙ
ÙاÙ."
-#. type: Content of: <p>
-msgid ""
-"Today (1), hardly any Unix components are left in the GNU Task List—"
-"those jobs had been done, aside from a few inessential ones. But the list "
-"is full of projects that some might call “applications”. Any "
-"program that appeals to more than a narrow class of users would be a useful "
-"thing to add to an operating system."
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
+# | [-Today (1),-]{+Today <a href=\"#ft6\">[6]</a>,+} hardly any Unix
+# | components are left in the GNU Task List—those jobs had been done,
+# | aside from a few inessential ones. But the list is full of projects that
+# | some might call [-“applications”.-]
+# | {+“applications.”+} Any program that appeals to more than a
+# | narrow class of users would be a useful thing to add to an operating
+# | system.
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "Today (1), hardly any Unix components are left in the GNU Task List—"
+#| "those jobs had been done, aside from a few inessential ones. But the "
+#| "list is full of projects that some might call “"
+#| "applications”. Any program that appeals to more than a narrow "
+#| "class of users would be a useful thing to add to an operating system."
+msgid ""
+"Today <a href=\"#ft6\">[6]</a>, hardly any Unix components are left in "
+"the GNU Task List—those jobs had been done, aside from a few "
+"inessential ones. But the list is full of projects that some might call "
+"“applications.” Any program that appeals to more than a narrow "
+"class of users would be a useful thing to add to an operating system."
msgstr ""
"اÙÙÙÙ
(1) زاÙت أغÙب أجزاء ÙÙÙÙس اÙÙ
ÙÙÙدة Ù
Ù
ÙائÙ
Ø© Ù
ÙاÙ
جÙٗجÙ
Ùع ÙØ°Ù "
"اﻷجزاء تÙ
ت إضاÙتÙا ÙجÙÙØ Ø¨Ø§Ø³ØªØ«Ùاء اÙÙÙÙÙ
جدا٠Ù
٠اÙبراÙ
ج اÙثاÙÙÙØ©. ï»» زاÙت "
@@ -1218,7 +1440,7 @@
"برÙاÙ
ج Ùجتذب Ø£Ùثر Ù
Ù Ù
جÙ
Ùعة صغÙرة Ù
٠اÙÙ
ستخدÙ
ÙÙ Ùعتبر إضاÙØ© Ù
ÙÙدة ÙÙظاÙ
"
"اÙتشغÙÙ."
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"Even games are included in the task list—and have been since the "
"beginning. Unix included games, so naturally GNU should too. But "
@@ -1232,35 +1454,31 @@
"اØتÙ٠عÙÙÙا ÙÙÙÙس. بدÙا٠ع٠ذÙÙØ ÙÙ
Ùا
بإدراج Ù
جÙ
Ùعة Ù
٠اﻷÙعاب اÙÙ
ختÙÙØ© اÙت٠"
"اعتÙدÙا أ٠اÙÙ
ستخدÙ
Ù٠سÙÙ ÙØبÙÙÙا."
-#. type: Content of: <p>
-msgid ""
-"(1) That was written in 1998. In 2009 we no longer maintain a long task "
-"list. The community develops free software so fast that we can't even keep "
-"track of it all. Instead, we have a list of High Priority Projects, a much "
-"shorter list of projects we really want to encourage people to write."
-msgstr ""
-"(1) Ùا٠Ùذا Ù٠اÙعاÙ
1998Ù
. Ù٠اÙعاÙ
2009Ù
ÙÙ
تعد
ÙدÙÙا ÙائÙ
Ø© Ù
ÙاÙ
Ø·ÙÙÙØ© ÙÙ
ا "
-"Ù٠اÙسابÙ. إ٠اÙÙ
جتÙ
ع اÙبرÙ
ج٠Ù٠عاÙÙ
اÙÙÙÙ
ÙÙÙÙ
بتطÙÙر اÙبرÙ
جÙات اÙØرة "
-"بسرعة Ø£Ùبر Ù
Ù
ا ÙÙ
ÙÙÙا Ø£Ù ÙÙÙÙ
بÙ
تابعتÙا
ÙتسجÙÙÙا. ÙÙØ°ÙÙØ Ø¹Ùضا٠ع٠تÙÙ "
-"اÙÙائÙ
Ø©Ø Ø£ØµØ¨Ø ÙدÙÙا اÙÙÙÙ
ÙائÙ
Ø© ÙصÙرة باÙÙ
شارÙع ذات اﻷÙÙÙÙØ© اÙÙصÙÙØ Ø¨Ø§ï»¹Ø¶Ø§ÙØ© "
-"ÙÙائÙ
Ø© Ø£Ùصر Ù
ÙÙا تØتÙ٠عÙ٠اÙÙ
شارÙع اÙتÙ
Ùرغب بتشجÙع اÙÙ
برÙ
جÙÙ ÙÙÙÙÙ
Ùا "
-"بتطÙÙرÙا."
-
-#. type: Content of: <h3>
+#. type: Content of: <div><h3>
msgid "The GNU Library GPL"
msgstr "رخصة Ù
Ùتبة جÙ٠اÙعاÙ
Ø© (GNU Library GPL)"
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
+# | The GNU C library uses a special kind of copyleft called the GNU Library
+# | General Public [-License(1),-] {+License <a href=\"#ft7\">[7]</a>,+}
+# | which gives permission to link proprietary software with the library. Why
+# | make this exception?
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "The GNU C library uses a special kind of copyleft called the GNU Library "
+#| "General Public License(1), which gives permission to link proprietary "
+#| "software with the library. Why make this exception?"
msgid ""
"The GNU C library uses a special kind of copyleft called the GNU Library "
-"General Public License(1), which gives permission to link proprietary "
-"software with the library. Why make this exception?"
+"General Public License <a href=\"#ft7\">[7]</a>, which gives "
+"permission to link proprietary software with the library. Why make this "
+"exception?"
msgstr ""
"Ø¥Ù Ù
Ùتبة Ùغة س٠(C) اÙتابعة ÙÙ
شرÙع جÙÙ
تستخدÙ
ÙÙعا٠خاصا٠Ù
٠رخص اÙØÙÙÙ "
"اÙÙ
ترÙÙØ©Ø ÙØ·Ù٠عÙÙÙا اسÙ
رخصة Ù
Ùتبة جÙÙ
اÙعاÙ
Ø© (1)Ø ÙاÙت٠تسÙ
Ø Ø¨Ø±Ø¨Ø· اÙبراÙ
ج "
"اﻻØتÙارÙØ© باÙÙ
Ùتبة. ÙÙ
اذا ÙÙ
Ùا بÙذا
اﻻستثÙاءØ"
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"It is not a matter of principle; there is no principle that says proprietary "
"software products are entitled to include our code. (Why contribute to a "
@@ -1272,7 +1490,7 @@
"Ù
شرÙع ÙعÙÙ
سÙÙا٠أÙ٠سÙرÙض اÙتعاÙÙ ÙاÙÙ
شارÙØ© Ù
عÙاØ) إ٠استخداÙ
اÙرخصة اÙخاصة "
"ÙÙ
Ùتبة Ùغة س٠ÙÙ ØرÙØ© استراتÙجÙØ© بØتة."
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"The C library does a generic job; every proprietary system or compiler comes "
"with a C library. Therefore, to make our C library available only to free "
@@ -1285,7 +1503,7 @@
"Ø£ÙضÙÙØ©—عÙ٠اÙعÙس تÙ
اÙ
اÙØ ÙاÙت ÙØ°Ù
اÙخطÙØ© ستثبط Ù
Ù ÙرغبÙ٠باستخداÙ
"
"Ù
ÙتبتÙا."
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"One system is an exception to this: on the GNU system (and this includes GNU/"
"Linux), the GNU C library is the only C library. So the distribution terms "
@@ -1306,7 +1524,7 @@
"اÙبراÙ
ج اÙØرة. ÙÙذ٠اﻷسباب Ùإ٠استخداÙ
رخصة Ù
Ùتبة جÙ٠اÙعاÙ
Ø© Ù٠خطÙØ© "
"استراتÙجÙØ© ÙÙÙ
ا Ùخص Ù
Ùتبة Ùغة سÙ."
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"For other libraries, the strategic decision needs to be considered on a case-"
"by-case basis. When a library does a special job that can help write "
@@ -1320,7 +1538,7 @@
"ØÙØ« Ø£Ù Ùذا سÙØصر استخداÙ
اÙÙ
Ùتبة اÙÙ
عÙÙØ©
عÙ٠اÙبرÙ
جÙات اÙØرة ÙÙØ·Ø Ù
Ù
ا سÙساعد "
"Ù
Ø·Ùر٠اÙبرÙ
جÙات اÙØرة ÙÙعطÙÙÙ
Ø£ÙضÙÙØ© ضد Ù
Ø·Ùر٠اÙبرÙ
جÙات اﻻØتÙارÙØ©."
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"Consider GNU Readline, a library that was developed to provide command-line "
"editing for BASH. Readline is released under the ordinary GNU GPL, not the "
@@ -1337,7 +1555,7 @@
"تطÙÙر٠ÙبرÙ
جÙØ© Øرة تستخدÙ
Ù
Ùتبة رÙدÙاÙÙØ
ÙÙذا ÙØ¬Ø§Ø ØÙÙÙ٠باÙÙسبة ÙÙ
جتÙ
ع "
"اÙبرÙ
جÙات اÙØرة."
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"Proprietary software developers have the advantages money provides; free "
"software developers need to make advantages for each other. I hope some day "
@@ -1353,23 +1571,11 @@
"اﻷساسÙØ© اÙت٠ستساعد Ù٠تطÙÙر اÙبرÙ
جÙات
اÙØØ±Ø©Ø ÙÙ
ع اÙÙÙت ستتراÙÙ
اﻷÙضÙÙØ© بØÙØ« "
"ÙÙ
Ù٠تطÙÙر براÙ
ج Øرة Ø£Ùثر ÙØ£Ùثر."
-#. type: Content of: <p>
-msgid ""
-"(1) This license is now called the GNU Lesser General Public License, to "
-"avoid giving the idea that all libraries ought to use it. See <a href=\"/"
-"philosophy/why-not-lgpl.html\">Why you shouldn't use the Lesser GPL for your "
-"next library</a> for more information."
-msgstr ""
-"(1) Ùذ٠اÙرخصة تعر٠اÙآ٠برخصة جÙ٠اÙعاÙ
Ø©
اÙÙ
ØµØºØ±Ø©Ø Øت٠ﻻ Ùعط٠اﻻÙطباع بأ٠"
-"جÙ
Ùع اÙÙ
Ùتبات اÙبرÙ
جÙØ© Ùجب أ٠تستخدÙ
ÙØ°Ù
اÙرخصة. ÙÙÙ
زÙد Ù
٠اÙتÙاصÙÙØ ÙÙ
ÙÙÙ "
-"اﻻصطÙاع عÙÙ Ù
ÙاÙØ© <a
href=\"/philosophy/why-not-lgpl.html\">ÙÙ
اذا Ùجب أﻻ "
-"تستخدÙ
رخصة جÙ٠اÙعاÙ
Ø© اÙÙ
صغرة ÙترخÙص Ù
Ùتبت٠اÙÙادÙ
Ø©</a>."
-
-#. type: Content of: <h3>
+#. type: Content of: <div><h3>
msgid "Scratching an itch?"
msgstr "ÙÙÙ ÙÙ
Ù٠تÙبÙØ© اÙÙ
تطÙبات (أ٠خدش
اÙØÙØ©)Ø"
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"Eric Raymond says that “Every good work of software starts by "
"scratching a developer's personal itch.” Maybe that happens sometimes, "
@@ -1382,7 +1588,7 @@
"جÙ٠اﻷساسÙØ© تÙ
تطÙÙرÙا Øت٠ÙتÙ
ÙÙ Ù
Ù
اÙØصÙ٠عÙÙ ÙظاÙ
تشغÙÙ ØØ±Ø Ø£Ù Ø£Ù Ø§ÙبراÙ
ج "
"جاءت ÙتÙجة رؤÙØ© Ùخطة استراتÙجÙØ©Ø ï»» ÙتÙجة
اÙدÙاع ÙØظÙ."
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"For example, we developed the GNU C library because a Unix-like system needs "
"a C library, BASH because a Unix-like system needs a shell, and GNU tar "
@@ -1397,7 +1603,7 @@
"Ù
ÙجÙ
Ùع Ùغة س٠(GNU C compiler)Ø ÙبرÙاÙ
ج Ø¥ÙÙ
اÙس (GNU
Emacs)Ø ÙÙ
ÙصØÙØ Ø§ÙØ´Ùرة "
"(GDB)Ø ÙبرÙاÙ
ج اﻹÙشاء (GNU Make)."
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"Some GNU programs were developed to cope with specific threats to our "
"freedom. Thus, we developed gzip to replace the Compress program, which had "
@@ -1421,7 +1627,7 @@
"Ù
ØÙ ÙظÙر٠Ù
٠براÙ
ج اÙتشÙÙر اﻻØتÙارÙØ©Ø ï»¹ÙÙ
اÙÙا بأ٠اÙÙ
ستخدÙ
ÙÙ ï»» Ùجب Ø£Ù ÙتÙ
"
"تخÙÙرÙÙ
بÙ٠خصÙصÙتÙÙ
ÙØرÙتÙÙ
."
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"Of course, the people writing these programs became interested in the work, "
"and many features were added to them by various people for the sake of their "
@@ -1432,11 +1638,11 @@
"ÙاÙتÙ
اÙ
اتÙÙ
. إﻻ Ø£Ù Ùذا ÙÙس اÙسبب اÙØ°Ù
ÙÙتÙبÙت Ùذ٠اÙبراÙ
ج Ù
٠أجÙÙ Ù٠اÙÙ
ÙاÙ
"
"اﻷÙÙ."
-#. type: Content of: <h3>
+#. type: Content of: <div><h3>
msgid "Unexpected developments"
msgstr "تطÙرات غÙر Ù
تÙÙعة"
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"At the beginning of the GNU Project, I imagined that we would develop the "
"whole GNU system, then release it as a whole. That is not how it happened."
@@ -1444,7 +1650,7 @@
"Ù٠بداÙØ© إطÙا٠Ù
شرÙع جÙÙØ ÙÙت أتخÙ٠أÙÙا
سÙÙÙÙ
بتطÙÙر ÙظاÙ
جÙÙ ÙÙ ÙÙÙتÙØ ÙÙ
Ù "
"Ø«Ù
سÙÙÙÙ
بإطÙا٠اÙÙظاÙ
Ù
تÙاÙ
Ùا٠ÙÙÙ
ستخدÙ
ÙÙØ Ø¥ï»» أ٠اﻷÙ
ر ÙÙ
ÙتÙ
عÙÙ Ùذا اÙÙسÙ."
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"Since each component of the GNU system was implemented on a Unix system, "
"each component could run on Unix systems long before a complete GNU system "
@@ -1458,7 +1664,7 @@
"Ø£ÙظÙ
Ø© تشغÙ٠أخرٗÙ
ث٠أÙظÙ
Ø© ÙÙÙÙس اÙÙ
ختÙÙØ© ÙاÙت٠ÙÙ
تÙ٠تتÙاÙÙ Ù
ع "
"بعضÙØ§Ø Ø¨Ø§ï»¹Ø¶Ø§ÙØ© Ùبعض Ø£ÙظÙ
Ø© اÙتشغÙ٠اﻷخرÙ."
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"The process made these programs much more powerful, and attracted both funds "
"and contributors to the GNU Project. But it probably also delayed "
@@ -1473,11 +1679,11 @@
"اÙÙ
ختÙÙØ©Ø ÙإضاÙØ© Ù
Ùزات جدÙدة ÙÙذ٠اÙبراÙ
Ø¬Ø Ø¹Ùضا٠ع٠اﻻÙتÙ
اÙ
بÙتابة اﻷجزاء "
"اÙÙاÙصة Ù
٠اÙÙظاÙ
."
-#. type: Content of: <h3>
+#. type: Content of: <div><h3>
msgid "The GNU Hurd"
msgstr "ÙÙاة ÙÙرد (The GNU Hurd)"
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"By 1990, the GNU system was almost complete; the only major missing "
"component was the kernel. We had decided to implement our kernel as a "
@@ -1498,7 +1704,7 @@
"اÙت٠تÙÙÙ
بÙا ÙÙاة ÙظاÙ
ÙÙÙÙس. تأخر تطÙÙر
ÙÙاة ÙÙرد ï»·ÙÙا ÙÙا ÙÙتظر إطÙا٠"
"ÙÙاة Ù
ا٠ÙبرÙ
جÙØ© ØØ±Ø©Ø ÙØ°Ù٠اÙشئ اÙØ°Ù ÙÙا
Ùد ÙÙعدÙا بÙ."
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"One reason for choosing this design was to avoid what seemed to be the "
"hardest part of the job: debugging a kernel program without a source-level "
@@ -1517,11 +1723,11 @@
"Ù
ع بعضÙا اÙبعض باستخداÙ
اÙرسائÙØ Ø§ØªØ¶Ø
Ø£ÙÙا صعبة اÙتصØÙØ. اÙÙتÙجة أ٠اﻷÙ
ر "
"استغر٠أعÙاÙ
ا٠طÙÙÙØ© Ùتص٠ÙÙاة ÙÙرد ÙÙ
رØÙØ© اÙÙضÙج."
-#. type: Content of: <h3>
+#. type: Content of: <div><h3>
msgid "Alix"
msgstr "Ø£ÙÙÙس"
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"The GNU kernel was not originally supposed to be called the Hurd. Its "
"original name was Alix—named after the woman who was my sweetheart at "
@@ -1537,7 +1743,7 @@
"بأÙÙ “ÙÙبغ٠أ٠ÙÙÙÙ
شخص Ù
ا بتسÙ
ÙØ© ÙÙاة
ÙظاÙ
باسÙ
Ù.” ÙÙ
أعÙ٠أÙا "
"Ø¨Ø´Ø¦Ø ÙÙÙÙÙÙ Ùررت أ٠أÙاجئÙا بÙÙاة ÙظاÙ
Ù
سÙ
اة باسÙ
Ø£ÙÙÙس."
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"It did not stay that way. Michael (now Thomas) Bushnell, the main developer "
"of the kernel, preferred the name Hurd, and redefined Alix to refer to a "
@@ -1549,7 +1755,7 @@
"جزء Ù
عÙÙ Ù
٠اÙÙÙاة—ÙÙ٠اÙجزء اÙØ°Ù
ÙستÙب٠استدعاءات اÙÙظاÙ
(system "
"calls) ÙÙ
Ù Ø«Ù
ÙÙÙÙ
بÙ
عاÙجتÙا عبر إرساÙ
اÙرسائ٠ÙÙ
خدÙÙ
ات ÙÙرد."
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"Later, Alix and I broke up, and she changed her name; independently, the "
"Hurd design was changed so that the C library would send messages directly "
@@ -1559,7 +1765,7 @@
"Ùد تغÙر بØÙØ« صارت Ù
Ùتبة Ùغة س٠ترسÙ
اÙرسائ٠Ù
باشرة ÙÙÙ
خدÙÙ
Ø§ØªØ ÙÙذا Ù
ا جع٠"
"اÙجزء اÙÙ
سÙ
٠أÙÙÙس ÙتÙ
Ø¥Ùغاؤ٠ÙÙختÙÙ Ù
Ù
ÙÙاة اÙÙظاÙ
."
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"But before these things happened, a friend of hers came across the name Alix "
"in the Hurd source code, and mentioned it to her. So she did have the "
@@ -1569,11 +1775,11 @@
"Ùا٠ÙطاÙع Ø´Ùرة اÙÙ
صدر اÙخاصة بÙÙاة ÙÙردØ
ÙÙ
Ù Ø«Ù
Ø°Ùر اﻷÙ
ر ÙÙا. ÙÙÙذا تسÙÙ ÙÙا "
"أ٠تر٠ÙÙاة ÙظاÙ
Ù
سÙ
اة باسÙ
Ùا."
-#. type: Content of: <h3>
+#. type: Content of: <div><h3>
msgid "Linux and GNU/Linux"
msgstr "ÙÙÙÙس ÙجÙÙ/ÙÙÙÙس"
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"The GNU Hurd is not suitable for production use, and we don't know if it "
"ever will be. The capability-based design has problems that result directly "
@@ -1584,7 +1790,7 @@
"اÙÙ
رØÙØ© عÙ٠اﻹطÙاÙ. إ٠اÙتصÙ
ÙÙ
اÙÙائÙ
عÙÙ
اÙÙدرات ب٠Ù
شاÙÙ Ùاتجة ع٠Ù
رÙÙØ© "
"اÙتصÙ
ÙÙ
ÙÙسÙØ Ùï»» Ùبد٠أ٠ÙÙاÙÙ ØÙÙÙاÙ
ÙÙذ٠اÙÙ
شاÙÙ Ù٠اÙÙÙت اÙØاÙÙ."
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"Fortunately, another kernel is available. In 1991, Linus Torvalds developed "
"a Unix-compatible kernel and called it Linux. It was proprietary at first, "
@@ -1600,12 +1806,26 @@
"ÙظاÙ
تشغÙÙ Øر Ù
تÙاÙ
Ù. (عÙ
ÙÙØ© اÙدÙ
ج ÙÙسÙا
ÙاÙت عÙ
ÙÙØ© ÙبÙرة بطبÙعة اÙØاÙ). Ø¥Ù "
"اÙÙض٠ÙعÙد ÙÙÙاة ÙÙÙÙس ÙتÙ
ÙÙÙا Ù
٠استخداÙ
Ùسخة Ù
تÙاÙ
ÙØ© Ù
Ù ÙظاÙ
جÙ٠اÙÙÙÙ
."
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
+# | We call this system version <a href=\"/gnu/linux-and-gnu.html\">
+# | GNU/Linux</a>, to express its composition as a combination of the GNU
+# | system with Linux as the kernel. Please don't fall into the practice of
+# | calling the whole system [-“Linux”,-] {+“Linux,”+}
+# | since that means attributing our work to someone else. Please <a
+# | href=\"/gnu/gnu-linux-faq.html\"> give us equal mention</a>.
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "We call this system version <a href=\"/gnu/linux-and-gnu.html\"> GNU/"
+#| "Linux</a>, to express its composition as a combination of the GNU system "
+#| "with Linux as the kernel. Please don't fall into the practice of calling "
+#| "the whole system “Linux”, since that means attributing our "
+#| "work to someone else. Please <a href=\"/gnu/gnu-linux-faq.html\"> give "
+#| "us equal mention</a>."
msgid ""
"We call this system version <a href=\"/gnu/linux-and-gnu.html\"> GNU/Linux</"
"a>, to express its composition as a combination of the GNU system with Linux "
"as the kernel. Please don't fall into the practice of calling the whole "
-"system “Linux”, since that means attributing our work to someone "
+"system “Linux,” since that means attributing our work to someone "
"else. Please <a href=\"/gnu/gnu-linux-faq.html\"> give us equal mention</a>."
msgstr ""
"Ùذ٠اÙÙسخة ÙسÙ
ÙÙا <a
href=\"/gnu/linux-and-gnu.html\">جÙÙ/ÙÙÙÙس (GNU/Linux)</"
@@ -1614,11 +1834,11 @@
"“ÙÙÙÙس”Ø ï»·Ù Ùذا ÙعÙÙ Ùسب عÙ
ÙÙا Ùشخص
آخر. أرج٠Ù
٠اÙجÙ
Ùع Ø£Ù <a "
"href=\"/gnu/gnu-linux-faq.html\">ÙÙسبÙا Ø¥ÙÙÙا Ùض٠أعÙ
اÙÙا</a>."
-#. type: Content of: <h3>
+#. type: Content of: <div><h3>
msgid "Challenges in our future"
msgstr "اÙتØدÙات اÙÙادÙ
Ø©"
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"We have proved our ability to develop a broad spectrum of free software. "
"This does not mean we are invincible and unstoppable. Several challenges "
@@ -1634,15 +1854,15 @@
"تصÙ
ÙÙ
ا٠Ù
٠اÙÙÙع اÙØ°Ù ÙظÙر ØÙÙÙ
ا ÙÙدر
اÙÙاس ØرÙتÙÙ
ÙÙصرÙا عÙ٠أﻻ ÙسÙ
ØÙا ÙÙائ٠"
"Ù
Ù Ùا٠بأ٠ÙجردÙÙ
Ù
ÙÙا."
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid "The following four sections discuss these challenges."
msgstr "اﻷجزاء اﻷربعة اÙÙادÙ
Ø© ستÙاÙØ´ ÙØ°Ù
اÙتØدÙات باÙتÙصÙÙ."
-#. type: Content of: <h3>
+#. type: Content of: <div><h3>
msgid "Secret hardware"
msgstr "Ù
ÙاصÙات اÙعتاد اÙسرÙØ©"
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"Hardware manufacturers increasingly tend to keep hardware specifications "
"secret. This makes it difficult to write free drivers so that Linux and "
@@ -1654,7 +1874,7 @@
"اÙعتاد اÙجدÙد. ÙدÙÙا Ø£ÙظÙ
Ø© Øرة بÙاÙ
ÙÙا
اÙÙÙÙ
Ø ÙÙÙÙÙا سÙÙÙدÙا غدا٠إ٠ÙÙ
ÙتÙ
ÙÙ "
"Ù
٠دعÙ
ØÙاسÙب اÙغد."
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"There are two ways to cope with this problem. Programmers can do reverse "
"engineering to figure out how to support the hardware. The rest of us can "
@@ -1666,14 +1886,29 @@
"ÙختارÙا استخداÙ
اÙعتاد اÙÙ
دعÙÙ
باÙبرÙ
جÙات اÙØرة. طاÙÙ
ا أ٠أعدادÙا Ù
ستÙ
رة ÙÙ "
"اÙتزاÙد Ùإ٠سرÙØ© اÙÙ
ÙاصÙات سÙÙتÙ٠بÙا اﻷÙ
ر Ø£Ù ØªØµØ¨Ø Ø³Ùاسة دØر ذاتÙ."
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
+# | Reverse engineering is a big job; will we have programmers with sufficient
+# | determination to undertake it? Yes—if we have built up a strong
+# | feeling that free software is a matter of principle, and nonfree drivers
+# | are intolerable. And will large numbers of us spend extra money, or even
+# | a little extra time, so we can use free drivers? Yes, if the determination
+# | to have freedom is [-widespread.-] {+widespread. <a
+# | href=\"#ft8\">[8]</a>+}
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "Reverse engineering is a big job; will we have programmers with "
+#| "sufficient determination to undertake it? Yes—if we have built up a "
+#| "strong feeling that free software is a matter of principle, and nonfree "
+#| "drivers are intolerable. And will large numbers of us spend extra money, "
+#| "or even a little extra time, so we can use free drivers? Yes, if the "
+#| "determination to have freedom is widespread."
msgid ""
"Reverse engineering is a big job; will we have programmers with sufficient "
"determination to undertake it? Yes—if we have built up a strong "
"feeling that free software is a matter of principle, and nonfree drivers are "
"intolerable. And will large numbers of us spend extra money, or even a "
"little extra time, so we can use free drivers? Yes, if the determination to "
-"have freedom is widespread."
+"have freedom is widespread. <a href=\"#ft8\">[8]</a>"
msgstr ""
"ÙÙÙ٠اÙÙÙدسة اÙعÙسÙØ© Ù
ÙÙ
Ø© صعبة. Ù٠سÙÙÙÙ
ÙدÙÙا Ù
برÙ
جÙÙ ÙÙÙ
Ùدرة ÙعزÙ
"
"ÙÙتÙ
ÙÙÙا Ù
٠إÙÙ
ا٠اÙÙ
ÙÙ
Ø©Ø Ø¨Ø§ÙتأÙÙد—ÙÙØ·
إذا تÙ
ÙÙا Ù
٠بÙاء شعÙر ÙÙ٠بأ٠"
@@ -1682,24 +1917,11 @@
"Ù
٠استخداÙ
اÙÙ
ØرÙات اÙØØ±Ø©Ø Ø¨Ø§ÙتأÙÙØ¯Ø Ø¥Ø°Ø§
Ùا٠اﻹصرار عÙÙ ÙÙ٠اÙØرÙØ© شعÙرا٠"
"عاÙ
اÙ."
-#. type: Content of: <p>
-msgid ""
-"(2008 note: this issue extends to the BIOS as well. There is a free BIOS, "
-"<a href=\"http://www.libreboot.org/\";>LibreBoot</a> (a distribution of "
-"coreboot); the problem is getting specs for machines so that LibreBoot can "
-"support them without nonfree “blobs”.)"
-msgstr ""
-"(Ù
ÙØÙظة Ù٠عاÙ
2008Ù
: Ùذ٠اÙÙ
Ø´ÙÙØ© تÙ
تد ØتÙ
ÙظاÙ
اﻹدخا٠Ùاﻹخراج اﻷساس٠"
-"(BIOS). ÙÙا٠Ùسخة Øرة Ù
٠اÙÙظاÙ
اﻷساس٠عÙÙ <a
href=\"http://www.libreboot.";
-"org/\">Ù
ÙÙع ÙÙبر٠بÙت (LibreBoot)</a> (إصدارة Ù
Ù
ÙÙربÙت coreboot). اÙÙ
Ø´ÙÙØ© "
-"تÙÙ
Ù ÙÙ ÙÙÙÙØ© اÙØصÙ٠عÙÙ Ù
ÙاصÙات اﻷجÙزة
Øت٠ÙتÙ
Ù٠أعضاء ÙرÙÙ ÙÙبر٠بÙت Ù
Ù "
-"دعÙ
Ùا بدÙ٠استخداÙ
اÙبراÙ
ج اÙØ«ÙائÙØ©
“(blobs)” غÙر اÙØرة)."
-
-#. type: Content of: <h3>
+#. type: Content of: <div><h3>
msgid "Nonfree libraries"
msgstr "اÙÙ
Ùتبات اÙبرÙ
جÙØ© غÙر اÙØرة"
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"A nonfree library that runs on free operating systems acts as a trap for "
"free software developers. The library's attractive features are the bait; "
@@ -1718,7 +1940,7 @@
"اﻻØتÙارÙØ© Ù
Ø´ÙÙراÙØ ØÙÙÙا سÙÙÙÙ
Ùذا
اÙبرÙاÙ
ج بإغراء اÙÙ
برÙ
جÙ٠اﻵخرÙÙ ÙÙÙعÙا
ÙÙ "
"ÙÙس اÙشرÙ."
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"The first instance of this problem was the Motif toolkit, back in the 80s. "
"Although there were as yet no free operating systems, it was clear what "
@@ -1738,7 +1960,7 @@
"(LessTif)Ø Ø§ÙÙ
Ø·Ùر Ù
Ù Ùب٠Ù
جÙ
Ùعة اÙÙ
برÙ
جÙÙ
اÙتÙاÙÙÙ (Hungry Programmers) صار "
"Ù
٠اÙÙÙØ© بØÙØ« Ø£ØµØ¨Ø ÙدعÙ
أغÙبÙØ© تطبÙÙات Ù
ÙتÙ٠بØÙÙ٠عاÙ
1997Ù
."
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"Between 1996 and 1998, another nonfree <abbr title=\"Graphical User Interface"
"\">GUI</abbr> toolkit library, called Qt, was used in a substantial "
@@ -1750,7 +1972,7 @@
"سÙ
Ùت ÙÙÙت (Qt) ÙأصبØت تستخدÙ
ÙÙ Ù
جÙ
Ùعة Ù
Ùدرة
Ù
٠اÙبرÙ
جÙات اÙØØ±Ø©Ø Ø¨Ù
ا ÙÙÙا "
"بÙئة Ø³Ø·Ø Ø§ÙÙ
Ùتب \"ÙÙÙ\" (<abbr title=\"K Desktop
Environment\">KDE</abbr>)."
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"Free GNU/Linux systems were unable to use KDE, because we could not use the "
"library. However, some commercial distributors of GNU/Linux systems who "
@@ -1768,7 +1990,7 @@
"“Ù
ستخدÙ
Ù ÙÙÙÙس” اÙØدÙØ«ÙÙ ÙÙ
ÙÙÙ
ÙدÙÙÙ
أدÙÙ ÙÙرة بØجÙ
ÙطبÙعة "
"اÙÙ
Ø´ÙÙØ©. Ùا٠اÙÙضع Ùبد٠سÙئا٠ÙÙغاÙØ©."
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"The free software community responded to the problem in two ways: GNOME and "
"Harmony."
@@ -1776,7 +1998,7 @@
"استجاب Ù
جتÙ
ع اÙبرÙ
جÙات اÙØرة ÙÙذ٠اÙÙ
Ø´ÙÙØ©
بطرÙÙتÙÙ: بÙئة Ø³Ø·Ø Ù
Ùتب جÙÙÙ
"
"(GNOME)Ø ÙÙ
شرÙع ÙارÙ
ÙÙÙ (Harmony)."
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"GNOME, the GNU Network Object Model Environment, is GNU's desktop project. "
"Started in 1997 by Miguel de Icaza, and developed with the support of Red "
@@ -1793,7 +2015,7 @@
"ÙÙس Ù
ØصÙرا٠عÙÙ Ùغة سÙ++. ÙÙÙ٠اÙغرض اﻷساسÙ
Ù
٠اÙÙ
شرÙع Ùا٠اÙØرÙØ©: أﻻ Ùضطر "
"Ø£Øد ﻻستخداÙ
أ٠برÙ
جÙات غÙر Øرة."
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"Harmony is a compatible replacement library, designed to make it possible to "
"run KDE software without using Qt."
@@ -1801,13 +2023,28 @@
"Ù
شرÙع ÙارÙ
ÙÙÙ Ù٠عبارة ع٠Ù
Ùتبة تÙاÙÙÙØ©
بدÙÙØ©Ø ØªÙ
تصÙ
ÙÙ
Ùا Ùتجع٠باﻹÙ
Ùا٠"
"تشغÙ٠براÙ
ج بÙئة ÙÙ٠بدÙ٠اÙØÙجة ﻻستخداÙ
Ù
Ùتبة ÙÙÙت."
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
+# | In November 1998, the developers of Qt announced a change of license
+# | which, when carried out, should make Qt free software. There is no way to
+# | be sure, but I think that this was partly due to the community's firm
+# | response to the problem that Qt posed when it was nonfree. (The new
+# | license is inconvenient and inequitable, so it remains desirable to avoid
+# | using [-Qt.)-] {+Qt. <a href=\"#ft9\">[9]</a>)+}
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "In November 1998, the developers of Qt announced a change of license "
+#| "which, when carried out, should make Qt free software. There is no way "
+#| "to be sure, but I think that this was partly due to the community's firm "
+#| "response to the problem that Qt posed when it was nonfree. (The new "
+#| "license is inconvenient and inequitable, so it remains desirable to avoid "
+#| "using Qt.)"
msgid ""
"In November 1998, the developers of Qt announced a change of license which, "
"when carried out, should make Qt free software. There is no way to be sure, "
"but I think that this was partly due to the community's firm response to the "
"problem that Qt posed when it was nonfree. (The new license is inconvenient "
-"and inequitable, so it remains desirable to avoid using Qt.)"
+"and inequitable, so it remains desirable to avoid using Qt. <a href="
+"\"#ft9\">[9]</a>)"
msgstr ""
"Ù٠عاÙ
1998Ù
أعÙÙ Ù
Ø·Ùر٠Ù
Ùتبة ÙÙÙت ع٠إجراء
تغÙÙر Ù٠رخصتÙÙ
Ø ÙاÙØ°Ù Ùا٠Ù
Ù "
"شأÙ٠أ٠Ùجع٠Ù
Ù ÙÙÙت برÙ
جÙØ© Øرة. عÙ٠اÙرغÙ
Ù
٠أÙÙ Ù
٠اÙصعب Ù
عرÙØ© اÙØÙÙÙØ©Ø Ø¥ï»» "
@@ -1815,15 +2052,7 @@
"اÙÙ
Ø´ÙÙØ© اÙت٠سببتÙا Ù
Ùتبة ÙÙÙت ØÙÙÙ
ا ÙاÙت
غÙر Øرة. (ï»» زاÙت اÙرخصة اÙجدÙدة "
"غÙر Ù
رÙØØ© ÙغÙر Ù
ÙصÙØ©Ø ÙعÙÙÙ ï»» زا٠Ù
Ù
اﻷÙض٠تÙاد٠استخداÙ
ÙÙÙت)."
-#. type: Content of: <p>
-msgid ""
-"[Subsequent note: in September 2000, Qt was rereleased under the GNU GPL, "
-"which essentially solved this problem.]"
-msgstr ""
-"[Ù
ÙØÙظة ÙاØÙØ©: Ù٠سبتÙ
بر 2000Ù
Ø ØªØÙ٠ترخÙص
ÙÙÙت Ø¥Ù٠رخصة جÙ٠اÙعاÙ
Ø©Ø Ù
Ù
ا Ùتج "
-"عÙÙ ØÙ Ùذ٠اÙÙ
Ø´ÙÙØ© جذرÙاÙ]."
-
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"How will we respond to the next tempting nonfree library? Will the whole "
"community understand the need to stay out of the trap? Or will many of us "
@@ -1835,21 +2064,42 @@
"اÙتÙاز٠ع٠ØرÙتÙÙ
Ù
٠أج٠اÙراØØ© ÙسÙÙÙØ©
اﻻستخداÙ
Ø Ù
Ù
ا سÙÙتج عÙÙ Ù
Ø´ÙÙØ© ÙبÙرة "
"بÙ٠تأÙÙØ¯Ø Ø¥Ù Ù
ستÙبÙÙا ÙعتÙ
د تÙ
اÙ
ا٠عÙÙ
ÙÙسÙتÙا."
-#. type: Content of: <h3>
+#. type: Content of: <div><h3>
msgid "Software patents"
msgstr "براءات اختراع اÙبرÙ
جÙات"
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
+# | The worst threat we face comes from software patents, which can put
+# | algorithms and features off limits to free software for up to twenty
+# | years. The LZW compression algorithm patents were applied for in 1983,
+# | and we still cannot release free software to produce proper compressed
+# | <abbr title=\"Graphics Interchange [-Format\">GIF</abbr>s. [As of 2009
+# | they have expired.]-] {+Format\">GIF</abbr>s. <a
+# | href=\"#ft10\">[10]</a>+} In 1998, a free program to produce <abbr
+# | title=\"MPEG-1 Audio Layer 3\">MP3</abbr> compressed audio was removed
+# | from distribution under threat of a patent [-suit. [As of 2017, these
+# | patents have expired. Look how long we had to wait.]-] {+suit. <a
+# | href=\"#ft11\">[11]</a>+}
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "The worst threat we face comes from software patents, which can put "
+#| "algorithms and features off limits to free software for up to twenty "
+#| "years. The LZW compression algorithm patents were applied for in 1983, "
+#| "and we still cannot release free software to produce proper compressed "
+#| "<abbr title=\"Graphics Interchange Format\">GIF</abbr>s. [As of 2009 "
+#| "they have expired.] In 1998, a free program to produce <abbr title="
+#| "\"MPEG-1 Audio Layer 3\">MP3</abbr> compressed audio was removed from "
+#| "distribution under threat of a patent suit. [As of 2017, these patents "
+#| "have expired. Look how long we had to wait.]"
msgid ""
"The worst threat we face comes from software patents, which can put "
"algorithms and features off limits to free software for up to twenty years. "
"The LZW compression algorithm patents were applied for in 1983, and we still "
"cannot release free software to produce proper compressed <abbr title="
-"\"Graphics Interchange Format\">GIF</abbr>s. [As of 2009 they have "
-"expired.] In 1998, a free program to produce <abbr title=\"MPEG-1 Audio "
-"Layer 3\">MP3</abbr> compressed audio was removed from distribution under "
-"threat of a patent suit. [As of 2017, these patents have expired. Look how "
-"long we had to wait.]"
+"\"Graphics Interchange Format\">GIF</abbr>s. <a href=\"#ft10\">[10]</"
+"a> In 1998, a free program to produce <abbr title=\"MPEG-1 Audio Layer "
+"3\">MP3</abbr> compressed audio was removed from distribution under threat "
+"of a patent suit. <a href=\"#ft11\">[11]</a>"
msgstr ""
"إ٠أÙبر تÙدÙد ÙÙاجÙÙ Ùأت٠Ù
Ù Ùب٠براءات
اختراع اÙبرÙ
جÙØ§ØªØ ÙاÙت٠Ù
٠شأÙÙا Ø£Ù "
"تجع٠اÙØ®ÙارزÙ
Ùات ÙاÙÙ
Ùزات بعÙدة ع٠Ù
تÙاÙÙ
اÙبرÙ
جÙات اÙØرة ÙÙ
دة Ùد تص٠إÙÙ "
@@ -1863,7 +2113,7 @@
"اÙتÙت صÙاØÙتÙا Ù٠اÙعاÙ
2017Ù
. ÙÙ
ÙÙ٠أ٠ترÙ
Ø·Ù٠اÙÙترة اÙت٠اضطررÙا ï»»ÙتظارÙا "
"Øت٠تÙتÙ٠صÙاØÙØ© اÙÙثائÙ]."
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"There are ways to cope with patents: we can search for evidence that a "
"patent is invalid, and we can look for alternative ways to do a job. But "
@@ -1879,7 +2129,7 @@
"صÙاØÙتÙا (Ù
٠اÙÙ
تÙÙع أ٠تÙتÙ٠صÙاØÙØ©
براءات اختراع Ø¥Ù
ب٠3 ÙÙ 2018Ù
)Ø ÙÙÙÙ "
"Ù
ا اÙذ٠سÙÙعÙÙ Øت٠Ùأت٠تارÙØ® اÙتÙاء
اÙصÙاØÙØ©Ø"
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"Those of us who value free software for freedom's sake will stay with free "
"software anyway. We will manage to get work done without the patented "
@@ -1899,11 +2149,11 @@
"ÙÙÙØ© ÙدÙØ© أداء بعض اÙبرÙ
جÙات اÙØØ±Ø©Ø Ø¥ï»»
Ø£ÙÙا Ùجب أﻻ ÙتÙÙÙ ÙÙا. ï»» بد Ù
٠أ٠"
"ÙÙ
ض٠ÙدÙ
ا٠ÙÙتØدث ع٠اÙØرÙØ© ÙاÙÙ
بادئ."
-#. type: Content of: <h3>
+#. type: Content of: <div><h3>
msgid "Free documentation"
msgstr "اÙÙثائ٠اÙØرة"
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"The biggest deficiency in our free operating systems is not in the "
"software—it is the lack of good free manuals that we can include in "
@@ -1917,7 +2167,7 @@
"تÙÙÙر ÙتÙب جÙد ÙØØ±Ø ÙØ¥Ù Ùذ٠تعتبر ثغرة
ÙبÙرة. ÙÙأس٠ÙØÙ ÙدÙÙا اÙعدÙد Ù
Ù ÙØ°Ù "
"اÙثغرات ØاÙÙاÙ."
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"Free documentation, like free software, is a matter of freedom, not price. "
"The criterion for a free manual is pretty much the same as for free "
@@ -1931,7 +2181,7 @@
"اÙتجارÙ)Ø Ø¹Ø¨Ø± اﻻÙترÙت Ø£Ù Ù٠صÙرة Ù
طبÙعةØ
ÙÙضÙ
٠أ٠اÙÙتÙب سÙتراÙÙ Ù
ع جÙ
Ùع Ùسخ "
"اÙبرÙاÙ
ج Ù٠جÙ
Ùع اﻷØÙاÙ."
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"Permission for modification is crucial too. As a general rule, I don't "
"believe that it is essential for people to have permission to modify all "
@@ -1944,7 +2194,7 @@
"أعتÙد Ø£ÙÙ٠أÙا أ٠أÙت Ù
ضطرا٠ﻹعطاء اﻹذÙ
بتعدÙÙ Ù
ÙاÙات ÙÙذ٠اÙÙ
ÙاÙØ©Ø ï»·ÙÙا "
"تعÙس تصرÙاتÙا ÙرؤاÙا اÙشخصÙØ©."
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"But there is a particular reason why the freedom to modify is crucial for "
"documentation for free software. When people exercise their right to modify "
@@ -1962,7 +2212,7 @@
"Ù
ÙتزÙ
Ù٠أخÙاÙÙا٠ÙÙÙÙÙ
Ùا بإÙÙ
ا٠Ù
ÙاÙ
ÙÙ
Øت٠اÙÙÙاÙØ©Ø Ùذ٠اÙÙتÙبات ï»» تÙÙ "
"باØتÙاجات Ù
جتÙ
عÙا اÙØر."
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"Some kinds of limits on how modifications are done pose no problem. For "
"example, requirements to preserve the original author's copyright notice, "
@@ -1985,7 +2235,7 @@
"اÙÙتÙب اÙÙ
عÙÙ ÙÙÙائÙ
اÙبرÙاÙ
ج اÙÙ
عدÙ.
بعبارة أخرÙØ Ù
Ø«Ù Ùذ٠اÙÙÙÙد ï»» تÙ
Ùع "
"Ù
جتÙ
ع اÙبرÙ
جÙات اÙØرة Ù
٠اﻻستÙادة اÙÙاÙ
ÙØ© Ù
٠اÙÙتÙب."
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"However, it must be possible to modify all the <em>technical</em> content of "
"the manual, and then distribute the result in all the usual media, through "
@@ -1997,7 +2247,7 @@
"اÙÙ
Ø£ÙÙÙØ©. Ù
٠دÙÙ Ùذ٠اﻹÙ
ÙاÙÙØ©Ø ØªØµØ¨Ø ÙØ°Ù
اÙÙÙÙد عائÙا٠أÙ
اÙ
اÙÙ
جتÙ
Ø¹Ø ÙÙØµØ¨Ø "
"اÙÙتÙب غÙر ØراÙØ ÙعÙدÙا سÙØتاج ÙÙتÙب آخر."
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"Will free software developers have the awareness and determination to "
"produce a full spectrum of free manuals? Once again, our future depends on "
@@ -2006,14 +2256,24 @@
"Ù٠سÙÙÙÙ Ù
برÙ
ج٠اÙبرÙ
جÙات اÙØرة باÙÙعÙ
ÙاÙتصÙ
ÙÙ
اÙÙاÙ٠ﻹÙتاج Ø·ÙÙ Ù
تÙاÙ
Ù Ù
Ù "
"اÙÙتÙبات اÙØØ±Ø©Ø ÙÙÙ
رة اÙثاÙÙØ©Ø Ùبد٠أ٠Ù
ستÙبÙÙا ÙعتÙ
د عÙÙ ÙÙسÙتÙا."
-#. type: Content of: <h3>
+#. type: Content of: <div><h3>
msgid "We must talk about freedom"
msgstr "Ùجب Ø£Ù ÙتØدث ع٠اÙØرÙØ©"
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
+# | Estimates today are that there are ten million users of GNU/Linux systems
+# | such as Debian GNU/Linux and Red Hat [-“Linux”.-]
+# | {+“Linux.”+} Free software has developed such practical
+# | advantages that users are flocking to it for purely practical reasons.
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "Estimates today are that there are ten million users of GNU/Linux systems "
+#| "such as Debian GNU/Linux and Red Hat “Linux”. Free software "
+#| "has developed such practical advantages that users are flocking to it for "
+#| "purely practical reasons."
msgid ""
"Estimates today are that there are ten million users of GNU/Linux systems "
-"such as Debian GNU/Linux and Red Hat “Linux”. Free software has "
+"such as Debian GNU/Linux and Red Hat “Linux.” Free software has "
"developed such practical advantages that users are flocking to it for purely "
"practical reasons."
msgstr ""
@@ -2022,7 +2282,7 @@
"اÙبرÙ
جÙات اÙØرة Ùد ÙصÙت Ù
رØÙØ© Ù
٠اÙتÙ
Ùز
اÙعÙ
Ù٠بØÙØ« صار اÙÙ
ستخدÙ
ÙÙ ÙÙرعÙÙ "
"Ø¥ÙÙÙا ﻷسباب عÙ
ÙÙØ© بØتة."
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"The good consequences of this are evident: more interest in developing free "
"software, more customers for free software businesses, and more ability to "
@@ -2034,7 +2294,7 @@
"اÙشرÙات بتطÙÙر برÙ
جÙاتÙÙ
اÙØرة بشÙÙ
تجارÙØ Ø¹Ùضا٠ع٠تطÙÙر برÙ
جÙاتÙÙ
بصÙرة "
"اØتÙارÙØ©."
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"But interest in the software is growing faster than awareness of the "
"philosophy it is based on, and this leads to trouble. Our ability to meet "
@@ -2048,7 +2308,7 @@
"Ù
جتÙ
عÙا ÙÙ
تÙÙ ÙØ°Ù Ø§ï»¹Ø±Ø§Ø¯Ø©Ø Ùجب عÙÙÙا Ø£Ù
ÙÙشر اÙÙÙرة ÙÙ Ùسط اÙÙ
ستخدÙ
Ù٠اÙجدد "
"Øا٠اÙضÙ
اÙ
ÙÙ
ÙÙÙ
جتÙ
ع اÙØر."
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"But we are failing to do so: the efforts to attract new users into our "
"community are far outstripping the efforts to teach them the civics of our "
@@ -2060,11 +2320,11 @@
"ÙÙ
جتÙ
عÙا. ÙتÙجب عÙÙÙا Ø£Ù ÙÙÙÙ
باÙÙ
جÙÙدÙÙ Ù
عاÙØ ÙÙ
ا ÙتÙجب عÙÙÙا Ø£Ù ÙØاÙظ عÙÙ "
"اÙتÙاز٠بÙÙÙÙ
ا."
-#. type: Content of: <h3>
+#. type: Content of: <div><h3>
msgid "“Open Source”"
msgstr "“اÙÙ
صادر اÙÙ
ÙتÙØØ©”"
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"Teaching new users about freedom became more difficult in 1998, when a part "
"of the community decided to stop using the term “free software” "
@@ -2075,7 +2335,7 @@
"اÙبرÙ
جÙات اÙØرة”Ø ÙاستخدÙ
Ùا تعبÙر
“اÙبرÙ
جÙات Ù
ÙتÙØØ© "
"اÙÙ
صدر” عÙضا٠عÙÙ."
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"Some who favored this term aimed to avoid the confusion of “"
"free” with “gratis”—a valid goal. Others, however, "
@@ -2095,7 +2355,7 @@
"“اÙÙ
صادر اÙÙ
ÙتÙØØ©” تÙÙ
Ù Ù٠ترÙÙزÙا
عÙ٠إÙتاج براÙ
ج ذات جÙدة "
"عاÙÙØ© ÙÙعاÙØ©Ø ÙÙÙÙÙا Ùا تÙÙ٠باÙا٠ÙÙØرÙØ©
ÙاÙÙ
جتÙ
ع ÙاÙÙ
بادئ."
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"The “Linux” magazines are a clear example of this—they are "
"filled with advertisements for proprietary software that works with GNU/"
@@ -2107,7 +2367,7 @@
"اÙÙادÙ
Ø© Ù
Ù Ù
ÙتÙ٠أ٠ÙÙÙت أ٠أ٠برÙاÙ
ج آخر Ù
شابÙØ Ù٠ستÙÙÙ
Ùذ٠اÙÙ
جÙات بتØØ°Ùر "
"اÙÙ
برÙ
جÙÙ Ù
٠استخداÙ
Ùذ٠اÙبراÙ
Ø¬Ø Ø£Ù
Ø£ÙÙا
ستعرض إعÙاÙات ÙÙاØ"
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"The support of business can contribute to the community in many ways; all "
"else being equal, it is useful. But winning their support by speaking even "
@@ -2119,12 +2379,24 @@
"اÙØدÙØ« ع٠اÙØرÙØ© ÙاÙÙ
بادئ ÙÙ
ÙÙ٠أ٠ÙجعÙ
اﻷÙ
ر ÙارثÙاÙØ ï»·ÙÙ ÙزÙد اÙÙجÙØ© بÙÙ "
"اÙÙ
Ù
ارسة ÙاÙتÙعÙØ© باÙØÙÙ٠اÙت٠تØدثÙا
عÙÙا سابÙاÙ."
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
+# | “Free software” and “open source” describe the
+# | same category of software, more or less, but say different things about
+# | the software, and about values. The GNU Project continues to use the term
+# | “free [-software”,-] {+software,”+} to express the idea
+# | that freedom, not just technology, is important.
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "“Free software” and “open source” describe the "
+#| "same category of software, more or less, but say different things about "
+#| "the software, and about values. The GNU Project continues to use the "
+#| "term “free software”, to express the idea that freedom, not "
+#| "just technology, is important."
msgid ""
"“Free software” and “open source” describe the same "
"category of software, more or less, but say different things about the "
"software, and about values. The GNU Project continues to use the term "
-"“free software”, to express the idea that freedom, not just "
+"“free software,” to express the idea that freedom, not just "
"technology, is important."
msgstr ""
"Ø¥Ù “اÙبرÙ
جÙات اÙØرة” ٓاÙÙ
صادر
اÙØرة” تتØدثاÙØ Ø¨ØµÙرة "
@@ -2132,11 +2404,11 @@
"Ø¥Ù Ù
شرÙع جÙÙ ÙستÙ
ر Ù٠استخداÙ
تعبÙر
“اÙبرÙ
جÙات اÙØرة” ÙتأÙÙد Ø£Ù "
"اÙØرÙØ©Ø ÙÙÙس اÙتÙÙÙÙÙجÙا ÙØØ³Ø¨Ø Ø£Ù
ر Ù
ÙÙ
ÙأساسÙ."
-#. type: Content of: <h3>
+#. type: Content of: <div><h3>
msgid "Try!"
msgstr "ØاÙÙ!"
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"Yoda's aphorism (“There is no ‘try’”) sounds neat, "
"but it doesn't work for me. I have done most of my work while anxious about "
@@ -2151,7 +2423,7 @@
"ï»·ÙداÙÙا. ÙÙÙÙÙ٠استÙ
ررت Ù٠اÙÙ
ØاÙÙØ©Ø ï»·ÙÙ
ÙÙ
ÙÙÙ ÙÙا٠شخص آخر ÙØÙ٠بÙ٠اÙعد٠"
"ÙاÙÙ
دÙÙØ©. رغÙ
Ø£ÙÙÙ ÙÙ
Ø£ÙÙ Ù
تأÙدا٠Ù
Ù
اÙÙجاØØ Ø¥ï»» Ø£ÙÙÙ ÙجØت Ù٠اÙÙØ«Ùر Ù
Ù Ù
ساعÙÙ."
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"Sometimes I failed; some of my cities have fallen. Then I found another "
"threatened city, and got ready for another battle. Over time, I've learned "
@@ -2164,7 +2436,7 @@
"اÙعد٠ÙاÙÙ
دÙÙØ©Ø ÙÙ ÙÙس اÙÙÙت اÙذ٠أÙادÙ
ÙÙ٠اÙÙراصÙØ© اÙÙ
برÙ
جÙ٠اﻵخرÙÙ ÙÙأتÙا "
"ÙÙشارÙÙÙ٠اÙÙ
ÙÙ
Ø©."
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"Nowadays, often I'm not the only one. It is a relief and a joy when I see a "
"regiment of hackers digging in to hold the line, and I realize, this city "
@@ -2180,6 +2452,238 @@
"ÙÙ
ÙÙÙا Ø£Ù Ùأخذ Ù
ستÙب٠اÙØرÙØ© عÙ٠أÙ٠شئ Ù
ضÙ
ÙÙ. ï»» تتعاÙ
Ù Ù
ع٠عÙ٠أÙ٠شئ "
"Ù
ضÙ
ÙÙ! إذا ÙÙت ترغب باÙÙ
ØاÙظة عÙÙ ØرÙتÙØ
ÙÙبغ٠عÙÙ٠أ٠تجÙز ÙÙس٠ÙÙدÙاع عÙÙا."
+#. type: Content of: <div><h3>
+# || No change detected. The change might only be in amounts of spaces.
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid "Footnotes"
+msgid "Footnotes"
+msgstr "ÙÙاÙ
Ø´"
+
+#. type: Content of: <div><ol><li>
+# | [-(1)-]The use of “hacker” to mean “security
+# | breaker” is a confusion on the part of the mass media. We hackers
+# | refuse to recognize that meaning, and continue using the word to mean
+# | someone who loves to program, someone who enjoys playful cleverness, or
+# | the combination of the two. See my article, [-<a
+# | href=\"http://stallman.org/articles/on-hacking.html\";>On Hacking</a>.-]
+# | {+“<a href=\"https://stallman.org/articles/on-hacking.html\";>On
+# | Hacking</a>.”+}
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "(1) The use of “hacker” to mean “security "
+#| "breaker” is a confusion on the part of the mass media. We hackers "
+#| "refuse to recognize that meaning, and continue using the word to mean "
+#| "someone who loves to program, someone who enjoys playful cleverness, or "
+#| "the combination of the two. See my article, <a href=\"http://stallman.";
+#| "org/articles/on-hacking.html\">On Hacking</a>."
+msgid ""
+"The use of “hacker” to mean “security breaker” is a "
+"confusion on the part of the mass media. We hackers refuse to recognize "
+"that meaning, and continue using the word to mean someone who loves to "
+"program, someone who enjoys playful cleverness, or the combination of the "
+"two. See my article, “<a href=\"https://stallman.org/articles/on-";
+"hacking.html\">On Hacking</a>.”"
+msgstr ""
+"(1) استخداÙ
ÙÙظة “ÙرصÙØ©” بÙ
عÙÙ “Ùسر
اﻷÙ
Ù” Ù٠خطأ "
+"شائع ترتÙب٠اÙÙسائط اﻹعÙاÙ
ÙØ© اÙØدÙثة. ÙØÙ
ÙÙراصÙØ© Ù
برÙ
جÙÙ ÙرÙض Ø£Ù Ùعتر٠بÙذا "
+"اÙÙ
عÙ٠اÙØ®Ø§Ø·Ø¦Ø ÙÙصر عÙ٠استخداÙ
اÙÙÙÙ
Ø© بÙ
عÙاÙا اÙصØÙØ ÙاÙØ°Ù ÙعÙ٠أ٠اÙÙرصا٠"
+"Ù٠شخص Ùجب اÙبرÙ
Ø¬Ø©Ø Ø£Ù Ø´Ø®Øµ ÙستÙ
تع باÙØ°Ùاء
اÙÙ
رØØ Ø£Ù Ø´Ø®Øµ ÙÙ
ارس اﻻثÙÙÙ Ù
عاÙ. "
+"ÙÙ
ÙÙÙ Ùراءة اÙÙ
زÙد ÙÙ Ù
ÙاÙت٠<a
href=\"http://stallman.org/articles/on-";
+"hacking.html\">ØÙ٠اÙÙرصÙØ© اÙبرÙ
جÙØ©</a>."
+
+#. type: Content of: <div><ol><li>
+# | [-(1)-]As an Atheist, I don't follow any religious leaders, but I
+# | sometimes find I admire something one of them has said.
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "(1) As an Atheist, I don't follow any religious leaders, but I sometimes "
+#| "find I admire something one of them has said."
+msgid ""
+"As an Atheist, I don't follow any religious leaders, but I sometimes find I "
+"admire something one of them has said."
+msgstr ""
+"(1) بصÙت٠Ù
ÙØداÙØ ÙØ£Ùا ï»» أتبع Ø£Ù Ùادة
دÙÙÙÙÙØ ÙÙÙÙÙ٠أÙعجÙب Ø£ØÙاÙا٠بÙ
ÙÙÙØ© Ø£ØدÙÙ
."
+
+#. type: Content of: <div><ol><li>
+# | [-(1)-]In 1984 or 1985, Don Hopkins (a very imaginative fellow) mailed me
+# | a letter. [-On-] {+<a href=\"/graphics/copyleft-sticker.html\">On+} the
+# | [-envelope-] {+envelope</a>+} he had written several amusing sayings,
+# | including this one: “Copyleft—all rights reversed.” I
+# | used the word “copyleft” to name the distribution concept I
+# | was developing at the time.
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "(1) In 1984 or 1985, Don Hopkins (a very imaginative fellow) mailed me a "
+#| "letter. On the envelope he had written several amusing sayings, "
+#| "including this one: “Copyleft—all rights reversed.” I "
+#| "used the word “copyleft” to name the distribution concept I "
+#| "was developing at the time."
+msgid ""
+"In 1984 or 1985, Don Hopkins (a very imaginative fellow) mailed me a "
+"letter. <a href=\"/graphics/copyleft-sticker.html\">On the envelope</a> he "
+"had written several amusing sayings, including this one: “"
+"Copyleft—all rights reversed.” I used the word “"
+"copyleft” to name the distribution concept I was developing at the "
+"time."
+msgstr ""
+"(1) Ù٠اÙعاÙ
1984 Ø£Ù 1985Ø ÙÙ
ت باستÙاÙ
برÙد Ù
رسÙ
Ù
٠دÙÙ ÙÙبÙÙز (ÙÙ٠شخص Ø°Ù "
+"Ø®Ùا٠Ùاسع). Ùا٠اÙÙ
ظرÙÙ ÙØتÙ٠عدة Ùتابات Ù
سÙÙØ©Ø Ù
Ø«Ù: “جÙ
Ùع اÙØÙÙÙ "
+"Ù
ترÙÙØ©”. ÙÙت استخدÙ
ÙÙÙ
Ø© “اÙØÙÙÙ Ù
ترÙÙØ©” ÙÙدÙاÙØ© عÙÙ "
+"اÙÙ
ÙÙÙÙ
اÙØ°Ù ÙÙت Ø£ÙÙÙ
بتطÙÙر٠ÙÙ Ø°ÙÙ
اÙÙÙت."
+
+#. type: Content of: <div><ol><li>
+# | [-(2)-]We now use the <a href=\"/licenses/fdl.html\">GNU Free
+# | Documentation License</a> for documentation.
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "(2) We now use the <a href=\"/licenses/fdl.html\">GNU Free Documentation "
+#| "License</a> for documentation."
+msgid ""
+"We now use the <a href=\"/licenses/fdl.html\">GNU Free Documentation "
+"License</a> for documentation."
+msgstr ""
+"(2) ÙØÙ ÙÙÙÙ
باستخداÙ
<a href=\"/licenses/fdl.html\">رخصة
جÙÙ ÙÙÙثائ٠اÙØرة</"
+"a> ÙترخÙص اÙÙثائÙ."
+
+#. type: Content of: <div><ol><li>
+# | [-(1)-]“Bourne Again Shell” is a play on the name
+# | “Bourne [-Shell”,-] {+Shell,”+} which was the usual
+# | shell on Unix.
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "(1) “Bourne Again Shell” is a play on the name “Bourne "
+#| "Shell”, which was the usual shell on Unix."
+msgid ""
+"“Bourne Again Shell” is a play on the name “Bourne Shell,"
+"” which was the usual shell on Unix."
+msgstr ""
+"(1) اسÙ
“اÙÙسخة اÙجدÙدة Ù
Ù Ù
ÙÙØ° Ø£ÙاÙ
ر
بÙرٔ ÙÙ Ùعب عÙ٠اﻹسÙ
"
+"اﻷصÙÙØ “Ù
ÙÙØ° Ø£ÙاÙ
ر بÙØ±Ù”Ø ØÙØ« Ùا٠Ù
ÙÙØ° اﻷÙاÙ
ر اÙÙ
عتÙ
د عÙ٠أÙظÙ
Ø© "
+"ÙÙÙÙس اÙÙدÙÙ
Ø©."
+
+#. type: Content of: <div><ol><li>
+# | [-(1)-]That was written in 1998. In 2009 we no longer maintain a long
+# | task list. The community develops free software so fast that we can't
+# | even keep track of it all. Instead, we have a list of High Priority
+# | Projects, a much shorter list of projects we really want to encourage
+# | people to write.
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "(1) That was written in 1998. In 2009 we no longer maintain a long task "
+#| "list. The community develops free software so fast that we can't even "
+#| "keep track of it all. Instead, we have a list of High Priority Projects, "
+#| "a much shorter list of projects we really want to encourage people to "
+#| "write."
+msgid ""
+"That was written in 1998. In 2009 we no longer maintain a long task list. "
+"The community develops free software so fast that we can't even keep track "
+"of it all. Instead, we have a list of High Priority Projects, a much "
+"shorter list of projects we really want to encourage people to write."
+msgstr ""
+"(1) Ùا٠Ùذا Ù٠اÙعاÙ
1998Ù
. Ù٠اÙعاÙ
2009Ù
ÙÙ
تعد
ÙدÙÙا ÙائÙ
Ø© Ù
ÙاÙ
Ø·ÙÙÙØ© ÙÙ
ا "
+"Ù٠اÙسابÙ. إ٠اÙÙ
جتÙ
ع اÙبرÙ
ج٠Ù٠عاÙÙ
اÙÙÙÙ
ÙÙÙÙ
بتطÙÙر اÙبرÙ
جÙات اÙØرة "
+"بسرعة Ø£Ùبر Ù
Ù
ا ÙÙ
ÙÙÙا Ø£Ù ÙÙÙÙ
بÙ
تابعتÙا
ÙتسجÙÙÙا. ÙÙØ°ÙÙØ Ø¹Ùضا٠ع٠تÙÙ "
+"اÙÙائÙ
Ø©Ø Ø£ØµØ¨Ø ÙدÙÙا اÙÙÙÙ
ÙائÙ
Ø© ÙصÙرة باÙÙ
شارÙع ذات اﻷÙÙÙÙØ© اÙÙصÙÙØ Ø¨Ø§ï»¹Ø¶Ø§ÙØ© "
+"ÙÙائÙ
Ø© Ø£Ùصر Ù
ÙÙا تØتÙ٠عÙ٠اÙÙ
شارÙع اÙتÙ
Ùرغب بتشجÙع اÙÙ
برÙ
جÙÙ ÙÙÙÙÙ
Ùا "
+"بتطÙÙرÙا."
+
+#. type: Content of: <div><ol><li>
+# | [-(1)-]This license is now called the GNU Lesser General Public License,
+# | to avoid giving the idea that all libraries ought to use it. See <a
+# | href=\"/philosophy/why-not-lgpl.html\">Why you shouldn't use the Lesser
+# | GPL for your next library</a> for more information.
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "(1) This license is now called the GNU Lesser General Public License, to "
+#| "avoid giving the idea that all libraries ought to use it. See <a href=\"/"
+#| "philosophy/why-not-lgpl.html\">Why you shouldn't use the Lesser GPL for "
+#| "your next library</a> for more information."
+msgid ""
+"This license is now called the GNU Lesser General Public License, to avoid "
+"giving the idea that all libraries ought to use it. See <a href=\"/"
+"philosophy/why-not-lgpl.html\">Why you shouldn't use the Lesser GPL for your "
+"next library</a> for more information."
+msgstr ""
+"(1) Ùذ٠اÙرخصة تعر٠اÙآ٠برخصة جÙ٠اÙعاÙ
Ø©
اÙÙ
ØµØºØ±Ø©Ø Øت٠ﻻ Ùعط٠اﻻÙطباع بأ٠"
+"جÙ
Ùع اÙÙ
Ùتبات اÙبرÙ
جÙØ© Ùجب أ٠تستخدÙ
ÙØ°Ù
اÙرخصة. ÙÙÙ
زÙد Ù
٠اÙتÙاصÙÙØ ÙÙ
ÙÙÙ "
+"اﻻصطÙاع عÙÙ Ù
ÙاÙØ© <a
href=\"/philosophy/why-not-lgpl.html\">ÙÙ
اذا Ùجب أﻻ "
+"تستخدÙ
رخصة جÙ٠اÙعاÙ
Ø© اÙÙ
صغرة ÙترخÙص Ù
Ùتبت٠اÙÙادÙ
Ø©</a>."
+
+#. type: Content of: <div><ol><li>
+# | [-(-]2008 note: this issue extends to the BIOS as well. There is a free
+# | BIOS, <a [-href=\"http://www.libreboot.org/\";>LibreBoot</a>-]
+# | {+href=\"https://libreboot.org/\";>LibreBoot</a>+} (a distribution of
+# | coreboot); the problem is getting specs for machines so that LibreBoot can
+# | support them without nonfree [-“blobs”.)-]
+# | {+“blobs.”+}
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "(2008 note: this issue extends to the BIOS as well. There is a free "
+#| "BIOS, <a href=\"http://www.libreboot.org/\";>LibreBoot</a> (a distribution "
+#| "of coreboot); the problem is getting specs for machines so that LibreBoot "
+#| "can support them without nonfree “blobs”.)"
+msgid ""
+"2008 note: this issue extends to the BIOS as well. There is a free BIOS, <a "
+"href=\"https://libreboot.org/\";>LibreBoot</a> (a distribution of coreboot); "
+"the problem is getting specs for machines so that LibreBoot can support them "
+"without nonfree “blobs.”"
+msgstr ""
+"(Ù
ÙØÙظة Ù٠عاÙ
2008Ù
: Ùذ٠اÙÙ
Ø´ÙÙØ© تÙ
تد ØتÙ
ÙظاÙ
اﻹدخا٠Ùاﻹخراج اﻷساس٠"
+"(BIOS). ÙÙا٠Ùسخة Øرة Ù
٠اÙÙظاÙ
اﻷساس٠عÙÙ <a
href=\"http://www.libreboot.";
+"org/\">Ù
ÙÙع ÙÙبر٠بÙت (LibreBoot)</a> (إصدارة Ù
Ù
ÙÙربÙت coreboot). اÙÙ
Ø´ÙÙØ© "
+"تÙÙ
Ù ÙÙ ÙÙÙÙØ© اÙØصÙ٠عÙÙ Ù
ÙاصÙات اﻷجÙزة
Øت٠ÙتÙ
Ù٠أعضاء ÙرÙÙ ÙÙبر٠بÙت Ù
Ù "
+"دعÙ
Ùا بدÙ٠استخداÙ
اÙبراÙ
ج اÙØ«ÙائÙØ©
“(blobs)” غÙر اÙØرة)."
+
+#. type: Content of: <div><ol><li>
+# | [-[Subsequent note: in-]{+In+} September 2000, Qt was rereleased under the
+# | GNU GPL, which essentially solved this problem.[-]-]
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "[Subsequent note: in September 2000, Qt was rereleased under the GNU GPL, "
+#| "which essentially solved this problem.]"
+msgid ""
+"In September 2000, Qt was rereleased under the GNU GPL, which essentially "
+"solved this problem."
+msgstr ""
+"[Ù
ÙØÙظة ÙاØÙØ©: Ù٠سبتÙ
بر 2000Ù
Ø ØªØÙ٠ترخÙص
ÙÙÙت Ø¥Ù٠رخصة جÙ٠اÙعاÙ
Ø©Ø Ù
Ù
ا Ùتج "
+"عÙÙ ØÙ Ùذ٠اÙÙ
Ø´ÙÙØ© جذرÙاÙ]."
+
+#. type: Content of: <div><ol><li>
+msgid "As of 2009, the GIF patents have expired."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <div><ol><li>
+msgid ""
+"As of 2017, the MP3 patents have expired. Look how long we had to wait."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <div><div><p>
+# | Originally published in the book [-<em>Open Sources</em>.-] {+<cite>Open
+# | Sources</cite>.+} Richard Stallman was <a
+# | href=\"/philosophy/open-source-misses-the-point.html\"> never a supporter
+# | of “open source”</a>, but contributed this article so that the
+# | ideas of the free software movement would not be entirely absent from that
+# | book.
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "Originally published in the book <em>Open Sources</em>. Richard Stallman "
+#| "was <a href=\"/philosophy/open-source-misses-the-point.html\"> never a "
+#| "supporter of “open source”</a>, but contributed this article "
+#| "so that the ideas of the free software movement would not be entirely "
+#| "absent from that book."
+msgid ""
+"Originally published in the book <cite>Open Sources</cite>. Richard "
+"Stallman was <a href=\"/philosophy/open-source-misses-the-point.html\"> "
+"never a supporter of “open source”</a>, but contributed this "
+"article so that the ideas of the free software movement would not be "
+"entirely absent from that book."
+msgstr ""
+"Ùذا اÙÙ
Ùا٠تÙ
Ùشر٠أÙÙا٠ÙÙ Ùتاب <em>اÙÙ
صادر
اÙÙ
ÙتÙØØ© (Open Sources)</em>. "
+"رÙتشارد ستاÙÙ
ا٠ÙÙ
ÙÙ٠أبدا٠Ù
Ù <a
href=\"/philosophy/open-source-misses-the-"
+"point.html\">Ù
Ùاصر٠استخداÙ
تعبÙر “اÙÙ
صادر
اÙÙ
ÙتÙØØ©”</a>Ø ÙÙÙÙÙ "
+"شار٠بÙذا اÙÙ
Ùا٠Ù٠اÙÙتاب اÙÙ
Ø°ÙÙر
ﻻعتÙاد٠أÙÙ Ù
٠اﻷÙض٠أ٠تÙÙ٠أÙÙار Ùرؤ٠"
+"ØرÙØ© اÙبرÙ
جÙات اÙØرة Ù
Ø°ÙÙرة Ù٠اÙÙتاب عÙ
أ٠تÙÙ٠غائبة عÙÙ."
+
#. TRANSLATORS: Use space (SPC) as msgstr if you don't have notes.
#. type: Content of: <div>
msgid "*GNUN-SLOT: TRANSLATOR'S NOTES*"
@@ -2199,6 +2703,7 @@
"Ùرج٠إرسا٠اÙÙصÙات اÙÙ
ÙÙطعة Ùأ٠تصØÙØات
أ٠اÙتراØات Ø¥ÙÙ <a href=\"mailto:";
"webmasters@gnu.org\"><webmasters@gnu.org></a>."
+# TODO: submitting -> contributing.
#. TRANSLATORS: Ignore the original text in this paragraph,
#. replace it with the translation of these two:
#. We work hard and do our best to provide accurate, good quality
@@ -2206,14 +2711,20 @@
#. Please send your comments and general suggestions in this regard
#. to <a href="mailto:web-translators@gnu.org";>
#. <web-translators@gnu.org></a>.</p>
-#. <p>For information on coordinating and submitting translations of
+#. <p>For information on coordinating and contributing translations of
#. our web pages, see <a
#. href="/server/standards/README.translations.html">Translations
#. README</a>.
#. type: Content of: <div><div><p>
+# || No change detected. The change might only be in amounts of spaces.
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "Please see the <a href=\"/server/standards/README.translations.html"
+#| "\">Translations README</a> for information on coordinating and "
+#| "contributing translations of this article."
msgid ""
"Please see the <a href=\"/server/standards/README.translations.html"
-"\">Translations README</a> for information on coordinating and submitting "
+"\">Translations README</a> for information on coordinating and contributing "
"translations of this article."
msgstr ""
"رغÙ
بذÙÙا Ùصار٠جÙدÙا ÙتÙÙÙر ترجÙ
ات دÙÙÙØ©
ذات جÙدة عاÙÙØ©Ø ÙØ¥ÙÙا Ùا Ùدع٠ÙÙ
ا٠"
@@ -2224,9 +2735,15 @@
"href=\"/server/standards/README.translations.html\">دÙÙ٠اÙترجÙ
Ø©</a>."
#. type: Content of: <div><p>
+# | Copyright © 1998, [-2001, 2002,-] 2005, [-2006, 2007,-] 2008, 2010,
+# | 201[-4-]{+2+}, 2015, 2017, 2018, 202[-0-]{+1+} Richard Stallman
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "Copyright © 1998, 2001, 2002, 2005, 2006, 2007, 2008, 2010, 2014, "
+#| "2015, 2017, 2018, 2020 Richard Stallman"
msgid ""
-"Copyright © 1998, 2001, 2002, 2005, 2006, 2007, 2008, 2010, 2014, 2015, "
-"2017, 2018, 2020 Richard Stallman"
+"Copyright © 1998, 2005, 2008, 2010, 2012, 2015, 2017, 2018, 2021 "
+"Richard Stallman"
msgstr ""
"ØÙÙ٠اÙÙشر:</p><p style=\"direction: ltr\">\n"
"Copyright © 1998, 2001, 2002, 2005, 2006, 2007, 2008, 2010, 2014, 2015, "
@@ -2254,11 +2771,30 @@
msgid "Updated:"
msgstr "ØÙدÙثت:"
-#. type: Content of: <div><p>
-msgid ""
-"Copyright © 1998, 2001, 2002, 2005, 2006, 2007, 2008, 2010, 2014, 2015, "
-"2017, 2018, 2020, 2021 Richard Stallman"
-msgstr ""
-"ØÙÙ٠اÙÙشر:</p><p style=\"direction: ltr\">\n"
-"Copyright © 1998, 2001, 2002, 2005, 2006, 2007, 2008, 2010, 2014, 2015, "
-"2017, 2018, 2020, 2021 Richard Stallman (رÙتشارد ستاÙÙ
اÙ)"
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "by <a href=\"http://www.stallman.org/\";><strong>Richard Stallman</"
+#~ "strong></a>"
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "بÙÙÙ
<a href=\"http://www.stallman.org/\";><strong>رÙتشارد
ستاÙÙ
اÙ</"
+#~ "strong></a>"
+
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "Please see the <a href=\"/server/standards/README.translations.html"
+#~ "\">Translations README</a> for information on coordinating and submitting "
+#~ "translations of this article."
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "رغÙ
بذÙÙا Ùصار٠جÙدÙا ÙتÙÙÙر ترجÙ
ات
دÙÙÙØ© ذات جÙدة عاÙÙØ©Ø ÙØ¥ÙÙا Ùا Ùدع٠"
+#~ "ÙÙ
ا٠اÙÙصÙص ÙØ®ÙÙÙا Ù
٠اÙأخطاء. ÙرجÙ
إرسا٠اÙتعÙÙÙات ÙاÙÙ
ÙترØات اÙÙ
تعÙÙØ© "
+#~ "بÙذا اÙشأ٠إÙ٠عÙÙا٠اÙبرÙد اÙØ¥ÙÙترÙÙÙ <a
href=\"mailto:web-";
+#~ "translators@gnu.org\"> <web-translators@gnu.org></a>.</p>
<p>ÙÙØصÙÙ "
+#~ "عÙ٠أ٠Ù
عÙÙÙ
ات بشأ٠تÙسÙÙ ÙتÙدÙÙ
ترجÙ
ات Ù
ÙÙعÙا اÙØ¥ÙÙترÙÙÙØ Ùرج٠اÙاطÙاع "
+#~ "عÙ٠اÙرابط اÙتاÙÙ <a
href=\"/server/standards/README.translations.html"
+#~ "\">دÙÙ٠اÙترجÙ
Ø©</a>."
+
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "Copyright © 1998, 2001, 2002, 2005, 2006, 2007, 2008, 2010, 2014, "
+#~ "2015, 2017, 2018, 2020, 2021 Richard Stallman"
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "ØÙÙ٠اÙÙشر:</p><p style=\"direction: ltr\">\n"
+#~ "Copyright © 1998, 2001, 2002, 2005, 2006, 2007, 2008, 2010, 2014, "
+#~ "2015, 2017, 2018, 2020, 2021 Richard Stallman (رÙتشارد ستاÙÙ
اÙ)"
Index: thegnuproject.ca-diff.html
===================================================================
RCS file: /web/www/www/gnu/po/thegnuproject.ca-diff.html,v
retrieving revision 1.16
retrieving revision 1.17
diff -u -b -r1.16 -r1.17
--- thegnuproject.ca-diff.html 30 May 2021 19:03:10 -0000 1.16
+++ thegnuproject.ca-diff.html 24 Oct 2021 07:31:37 -0000 1.17
@@ -11,16 +11,25 @@
</style></head>
<body><pre>
<!--#include virtual="/server/header.html" -->
-<!-- Parent-Version: <span
class="removed"><del><strong>1.77</strong></del></span> <span
class="inserted"><ins><em>1.86</em></ins></span> -->
+<!-- Parent-Version: <span
class="removed"><del><strong>1.77</strong></del></span> <span
class="inserted"><ins><em>1.96 -->
+<!-- This page is derived from /server/standards/boilerplate.html -->
+<!--#set var="TAGS" value="gnu-history" -->
+<!--#set var="DISABLE_TOP_ADDENDUM" value="yes"</em></ins></span> -->
<title>About the GNU Project
- GNU Project - Free Software Foundation</title>
<meta http-equiv="Keywords" content="GNU, GNU Project, FSF, Free Software,
Free Software Foundation, History" />
<!--#include virtual="/gnu/po/thegnuproject.translist" -->
<!--#include virtual="/server/banner.html" -->
+<span class="inserted"><ins><em><!--#include
virtual="/gnu/gnu-breadcrumb.html" -->
+<!--GNUN: OUT-OF-DATE NOTICE-->
+<!--#include virtual="/server/top-addendum.html" -->
+<div class="article reduced-width"></em></ins></span>
<h2>The GNU Project</h2>
-<p>
-by <a href="http://www.stallman.org/"><strong>Richard
Stallman</strong></a></p>
+<span class="removed"><del><strong><p>
+by</strong></del></span>
+
+<span class="inserted"><ins><em><address
class="byline">by</em></ins></span> <a <span
class="removed"><del><strong>href="http://www.stallman.org/"><strong>Richard
Stallman</strong></a></p>
<blockquote>
<p>
@@ -35,7 +44,8 @@
<a href="/philosophy/free-software-even-more-important.html">to insist
that the software we use be free</a>.
</p>
-</blockquote>
+</blockquote></strong></del></span> <span
class="inserted"><ins><em>href="https://www.stallman.org/">Richard
+Stallman</a></address></em></ins></span>
<h3>The first software-sharing community</h3>
<p>
@@ -51,28 +61,37 @@
The AI Lab used a timesharing operating system called
<span class="removed"><del><strong><acronym</strong></del></span>
<span class="inserted"><ins><em><abbr</em></ins></span> title="Incompatible
Timesharing <span
class="removed"><del><strong>System">ITS</acronym></strong></del></span>
<span class="inserted"><ins><em>System">ITS</abbr></em></ins></span>
(the
-Incompatible Timesharing System) that the lab's staff hackers (1) had
+Incompatible Timesharing System) that the lab's staff <span
class="removed"><del><strong>hackers (1)</strong></del></span> <span
class="inserted"><ins><em>hackers <a
href="#ft1">[1]</a></em></ins></span> had
designed and written in assembler language for the Digital
<span class="removed"><del><strong><acronym</strong></del></span>
<span class="inserted"><ins><em><abbr</em></ins></span> title="Programmed
Data <span
class="removed"><del><strong>Processor">PDP</acronym>-10,</strong></del></span>
<span
class="inserted"><ins><em>Processor">PDP</abbr>-10,</em></ins></span>
one of
the large computers of the era. As a member of this community, an AI
Lab staff system hacker, my job was to improve this system.</p>
<p>
-We did not call our software “free software”, because that
+We did not call our software “free <span
class="removed"><del><strong>software”,</strong></del></span> <span
class="inserted"><ins><em>software,”</em></ins></span> because that
term did not yet exist; but that is what it was. Whenever people from
another university or a company wanted to port and use a program, we
gladly let them. If you saw someone using an unfamiliar and
interesting program, you could always ask to see the source code, so
that you could read it, change it, or cannibalize parts of it to make
a new program.</p>
+
+<span class="inserted"><ins><em><div class="announcement comment"
role="complementary">
+<hr class="no-display" /></em></ins></span>
<p>
-(1) The use of “hacker” to mean “security
-breaker” is a confusion on the part of the mass media. We
-hackers refuse to recognize that meaning, and continue using the word
+<span class="removed"><del><strong>(1) The use of “hacker” to mean
“security
+breaker”</strong></del></span>
+<span class="inserted"><ins><em>Why it</em></ins></span> is <span
class="removed"><del><strong>a confusion on the part of the mass media. We
+hackers refuse to recognize</strong></del></span> <span
class="inserted"><ins><em>even more important than ever
+<a href="/philosophy/free-software-even-more-important.html">to
insist</em></ins></span>
+that <span class="removed"><del><strong>meaning, and continue
using</strong></del></span> the <span class="removed"><del><strong>word
to mean someone who loves to program, someone who enjoys playful
cleverness, or the combination of the two. See my
article, <a href="http://stallman.org/articles/on-hacking.html">On
-Hacking</a>.</p>
+Hacking</a>.</p></strong></del></span> <span
class="inserted"><ins><em>software we use be free</a>.
+</p>
+<hr class="no-display" />
+</div></em></ins></span>
<h3>The collapse of the community</h3>
<p>
@@ -85,7 +104,7 @@
The AI Lab hacker community had already collapsed, not long before.
In 1981, the spin-off company Symbolics had hired away nearly all of
the hackers from the AI Lab, and the depopulated community was unable
-to maintain itself. (The book Hackers, by Steve Levy, describes these
+to maintain itself. (The book <span
class="removed"><del><strong>Hackers,</strong></del></span> <span
class="inserted"><ins><em><cite>Hackers</cite>,</em></ins></span>
by Steve Levy, describes these
events, as well as giving a clear picture of this community in its
prime.) When the AI Lab bought a new PDP-10 in 1982, its
administrators decided to use Digital's nonfree timesharing system
@@ -113,7 +132,8 @@
issue.</p>
<p>
When software publishers talk about “enforcing” their
-“rights” or “stopping <a
href="/philosophy/words-to-avoid.html#Piracy">piracy</a>”, what
they
+“rights” or “stopping <a <span
class="removed"><del><strong>href="/philosophy/words-to-avoid.html#Piracy">piracy</a>”,</strong></del></span>
+<span
class="inserted"><ins><em>href="/philosophy/words-to-avoid.html#Piracy">piracy</a>,”</em></ins></span>
what they
actually <em>say</em> is secondary. The real message of these
statements is
in the unstated assumptions they take for granted, which the public is
asked to accept without examination. Let's therefore examine them.</p>
@@ -144,11 +164,15 @@
software, because helping other people is the basis of society.</p>
<p>
There is no room here for an extensive statement of the reasoning
-behind this conclusion, so I refer the reader to the web pages
+behind this conclusion, so I refer the reader to <span
class="removed"><del><strong>the web pages
<a href="/philosophy/why-free.html">
-http://www.gnu.org/philosophy/why-free.html</a> and
-<a href="/philosophy/free-software-even-more-important.html">
-http://www.gnu.org/philosophy/free-software-even-more-important.html</a>.
+http://www.gnu.org/philosophy/why-free.html</a></strong></del></span>
<span class="inserted"><ins><em>“<a
+href="/philosophy/why-free.html">Why Software Should Not Have
+Owners</a>,”</em></ins></span> and
+<span class="removed"><del><strong><a
href="/philosophy/free-software-even-more-important.html">
+http://www.gnu.org/philosophy/free-software-even-more-important.html</a>.</strong></del></span>
<span class="inserted"><ins><em>“<a
+href="/philosophy/free-software-even-more-important.html">Free
+Software Is Even More Important Now</a>.”</em></ins></span>
</p>
<h3>A stark moral choice</h3>
@@ -199,7 +223,7 @@
Unix so that it would be portable, and so that Unix users could easily
switch to it. The name GNU was chosen, following a hacker tradition, as
a recursive acronym for “GNU's Not <span
class="removed"><del><strong>Unix.”</p></strong></del></span> <span
class="inserted"><ins><em>Unix.” It is pronounced
-as <a href="/gnu/pronunciation.html">one syllable with a hard
g</a>.</p></em></ins></span>
+as <a href="/gnu/pronunciation.html">one syllable with a
hard <i>g</i></a>.</p></em></ins></span>
<p>
An operating system does not mean just a kernel, barely enough to run
other programs. In the 1970s, every operating system worthy of the
@@ -208,7 +232,7 @@
Multics had them, VMS had them, and Unix had them. The GNU operating
system would include them too.</p>
<p>
-Later I heard these words, attributed to Hillel (1):</p>
+Later I heard these words, attributed to <span
class="removed"><del><strong>Hillel (1):</p></strong></del></span> <span
class="inserted"><ins><em>Hillel <a
href="#ft2">[2]</a>:</p></em></ins></span>
<blockquote><p>
If I am not for myself, who will be for me?<br />
@@ -217,9 +241,9 @@
</p></blockquote>
<p>
The decision to start the GNU Project was based on a similar spirit.</p>
-<p>
+<span class="removed"><del><strong><p>
(1) As an Atheist, I don't follow any religious leaders, but I
-sometimes find I admire something one of them has said.</p>
+sometimes find I admire something one of them has
said.</p></strong></del></span>
<h3>Free as in freedom</h3>
<p>
@@ -252,13 +276,14 @@
Therefore, a program which people are not free to include on these
collections is not free software.</p>
<p>
-Because of the ambiguity of “free”, people have long
+Because of the ambiguity of <span
class="removed"><del><strong>“free”,</strong></del></span> <span
class="inserted"><ins><em>“free,”</em></ins></span> people have long
looked for alternatives, but no one has found a better term.
The English language has more words and nuances than any other, but it
-lacks a simple, unambiguous, word that means “free”, as in
+lacks a simple, unambiguous, word that means <span
class="removed"><del><strong>“free”,</strong></del></span> <span
class="inserted"><ins><em>“free,”</em></ins></span> as in
freedom—“unfettered” being the word that comes closest in
-meaning. Such alternatives as “liberated”,
-“freedom”, and “open” have either the wrong
+meaning. Such alternatives as <span
class="removed"><del><strong>“liberated”,
+“freedom”,</strong></del></span> <span
class="inserted"><ins><em>“liberated,”
+“freedom,”</em></ins></span> and “open” have either
the wrong
meaning or some other disadvantage.</p>
<h3>GNU software and the GNU system</h3>
@@ -295,7 +320,7 @@
<p>
Shortly before beginning the GNU Project, I heard about the Free
University Compiler Kit, also known as VUCK. (The Dutch word for
-“free” is written with a <em>v</em>.) This was a
compiler
+“free” is written with a <span
class="removed"><del><strong><em>v</em>.)</strong></del></span>
<span class="inserted"><ins><em><i>v</i>.)</em></ins></span> This
was a compiler
designed to handle multiple languages, including C and Pascal, and to
support multiple target machines. I wrote to its author asking if GNU
could use it.</p>
@@ -315,7 +340,7 @@
<p>
I then realized that the Pastel compiler functioned by parsing the
entire input file into a syntax tree, converting the whole syntax tree
-into a chain of “instructions”, and then generating the
+into a chain of <span
class="removed"><del><strong>“instructions”,</strong></del></span>
<span class="inserted"><ins><em>“instructions,”</em></ins></span>
and then generating the
whole output file, without ever freeing any storage. At this point, I
concluded I would have to write a new compiler from scratch. That new
compiler is now known as <span
class="removed"><del><strong><acronym</strong></del></span> <span
class="inserted"><ins><em><abbr</em></ins></span> title="GNU Compiler <span
class="removed"><del><strong>Collection">GCC</acronym>;</strong></del></span>
<span
class="inserted"><ins><em>Collection">GCC</abbr>;</em></ins></span>
@@ -371,7 +396,7 @@
<p>
The developers of the X Window System did not consider this a
problem—they expected and intended this to happen. Their goal was
-not freedom, just “success”, defined as “having many
+not freedom, just <span
class="removed"><del><strong>“success”,</strong></del></span> <span
class="inserted"><ins><em>“success,”</em></ins></span> defined as
“having many
users.” They did not care whether these users had freedom, only
that they should be numerous.</p>
<p>
@@ -389,7 +414,7 @@
The goal of GNU was to give users freedom, not just to be popular. So
we needed to use distribution terms that would prevent GNU software
from being turned into proprietary software. The method we use is
-called “copyleft”.(1)</p>
+called <span
class="removed"><del><strong>“copyleft”.(1)</p></strong></del></span>
<span class="inserted"><ins><em>“copyleft” <a
href="#ft3">[3]</a>.</p></em></ins></span>
<p>
Copyleft uses copyright law, but flips it over to serve the opposite
of its usual purpose: instead of a means for restricting a program, it
@@ -432,7 +457,7 @@
have other kinds of copyleft that are used in specific circumstances.
GNU manuals are copylefted also, but use a much simpler kind of
copyleft, because the complexity of the GNU GPL is not necessary
-for manuals.(2)</p>
+for <span class="removed"><del><strong>manuals.(2)</p>
<p>
(1) In 1984 or 1985, Don Hopkins (a very imaginative fellow) mailed me
a letter. On the envelope he had written several amusing sayings,
@@ -442,14 +467,14 @@
<p>
(2) We now use the <a href="/licenses/fdl.html">GNU Free
-Documentation License</a> for documentation.</p>
+Documentation License</a> for
documentation.</p></strong></del></span> <span
class="inserted"><ins><em>manuals. <a
href="#ft4">[4]</a></p></em></ins></span>
<h3>The Free Software Foundation</h3>
<p>As interest in using Emacs was growing, other people became
involved in the GNU project, and we decided that it was time to seek
funding once again. So in 1985 we created
-the <a href="http://www.fsf.org/">Free Software Foundation</a>
(FSF),
+the <a <span
class="removed"><del><strong>href="http://www.fsf.org/">Free</strong></del></span>
<span
class="inserted"><ins><em>href="https://www.fsf.org/">Free</em></ins></span>
Software Foundation</a> (FSF),
a tax-exempt charity for free software development. The
<span class="removed"><del><strong><acronym</strong></del></span>
<span class="inserted"><ins><em><abbr</em></ins></span> title="Free
Software <span
class="removed"><del><strong>Foundation">FSF</acronym></strong></del></span>
<span
class="inserted"><ins><em>Foundation">FSF</abbr></em></ins></span>
also took over
@@ -463,9 +488,9 @@
redistribute and modify), and Deluxe Distributions (distributions for
which we built the whole collection of software for the customer's
choice of platform). Today the FSF
-still <a href="http://shop.fsf.org/"> sells manuals and other
+still <a <span
class="removed"><del><strong>href="http://shop.fsf.org/"></strong></del></span>
<span
class="inserted"><ins><em>href="https://shop.fsf.org/"></em></ins></span>
sells manuals and other
gear</a>, but it gets the bulk of its funding from members' dues. You
-can join the FSF at <a
href="http://fsf.org/join">fsf.org</a>.</p>
+can join the FSF at <a <span
class="removed"><del><strong>href="http://fsf.org/join">fsf.org</a>.</p></strong></del></span>
<span
class="inserted"><ins><em>href="https://my.fsf.org/join">fsf.org</a>.</p></em></ins></span>
<p>Free Software Foundation employees have written and maintained a
number of GNU software packages. Two notable ones are the C library
@@ -475,15 +500,16 @@
shell used on most GNU/Linux systems is
<span class="removed"><del><strong><acronym</strong></del></span>
<span class="inserted"><ins><em><abbr</em></ins></span> title="Bourne Again
<span
class="removed"><del><strong>Shell">BASH</acronym>,</strong></del></span>
<span class="inserted"><ins><em>Shell">BASH</abbr>,</em></ins></span>
the Bourne Again
-Shell(1), which was developed by FSF employee Brian Fox.</p>
+<span class="removed"><del><strong>Shell(1),</strong></del></span>
+<span class="inserted"><ins><em>SHell <a
href="#ft5">[5]</a>,</em></ins></span> which was developed by FSF
employee Brian Fox.</p>
<p>We funded development of these programs because the GNU Project was
not just about tools or a development environment. Our goal was a
complete operating system, and these programs were needed for that
goal.</p>
-<p>(1) “Bourne Again Shell” is a play on the name
-“Bourne Shell”, which was the usual shell on Unix.</p>
+<span class="removed"><del><strong><p>(1) “Bourne Again
Shell” is a play on the name
+“Bourne Shell”, which was the usual shell on
Unix.</p></strong></del></span>
<h3>Free software support</h3>
@@ -510,7 +536,7 @@
on nonfree software that works with free software. These are not
free software companies, they are proprietary software companies whose
products tempt users away from freedom. They call these programs
-“value-added packages”, which shows the values they
+“value-added <span
class="removed"><del><strong>packages”,</strong></del></span> <span
class="inserted"><ins><em>packages,”</em></ins></span> which shows the
values they
would like us to adopt: convenience above freedom. If we value freedom
more, we should call them “freedom-subtracted” packages.</p>
@@ -568,10 +594,13 @@
other useful software and documentation projects that, we thought, a
truly complete system ought to have.</p>
-<p>Today (1), hardly any Unix components are left in the GNU Task
+<span class="removed"><del><strong><p>Today (1),</strong></del></span>
+
+<span class="inserted"><ins><em><p>Today <a
href="#ft6">[6]</a>,</em></ins></span> hardly any Unix components are
left in the GNU Task
List—those jobs had been done, aside from a few inessential
ones. But the list is full of projects that some might call
-“applications”. Any program that appeals to more than a
+<span
class="removed"><del><strong>“applications”.</strong></del></span>
+<span class="inserted"><ins><em>“applications.”</em></ins></span>
Any program that appeals to more than a
narrow class of users would be a useful thing to add to an operating
system.</p>
@@ -581,16 +610,16 @@
list of games that Unix had. Instead, we listed a spectrum of
different kinds of games that users might like.</p>
-<p>(1) That was written in 1998. In 2009 we no longer maintain a long
+<span class="removed"><del><strong><p>(1) That was written in 1998. In
2009 we no longer maintain a long
task list. The community develops free software so fast that we can't
even keep track of it all. Instead, we have a list of High Priority
Projects, a much shorter list of projects we really want to encourage
-people to write.</p>
+people to write.</p></strong></del></span>
<h3>The GNU Library GPL</h3>
<p>The GNU C library uses a special kind of copyleft called the GNU
-Library General Public License(1), which gives permission to link
+Library General Public <span
class="removed"><del><strong>License(1),</strong></del></span> <span
class="inserted"><ins><em>License <a
href="#ft7">[7]</a>,</em></ins></span> which gives permission to link
proprietary software with the library. Why make this exception?</p>
<p>It is not a matter of principle; there is no principle that says
@@ -636,10 +665,10 @@
useful modules to serve as building blocks in new free software, and
adding up to a major advantage for further free software development.</p>
-<p>(1) This license is now called the GNU Lesser General Public License,
+<span class="removed"><del><strong><p>(1) This license is now called the
GNU Lesser General Public License,
to avoid giving the idea that all libraries ought to use it.
See <a href="/philosophy/why-not-lgpl.html">Why you shouldn't use the
-Lesser GPL for your next library</a> for more information.</p>
+Lesser GPL for your next library</a> for more
information.</p></strong></del></span>
<h3>Scratching an itch?</h3>
<p>
@@ -755,7 +784,7 @@
We call this system version <a href="/gnu/linux-and-gnu.html">
GNU/Linux</a>, to express its composition as a combination of the GNU
system with Linux as the kernel. Please don't fall into the practice
-of calling the whole system “Linux”, since that means
+of calling the whole system <span
class="removed"><del><strong>“Linux”,</strong></del></span> <span
class="inserted"><ins><em>“Linux,”</em></ins></span> since that
means
attributing our work to someone else.
Please <a href="/gnu/gnu-linux-faq.html"> give us equal
mention</a>.</p>
@@ -791,11 +820,12 @@
strong feeling that free software is a matter of principle, and
nonfree drivers are intolerable. And will large numbers of us spend
extra money, or even a little extra time, so we can use free drivers?
-Yes, if the determination to have freedom is widespread.</p>
+Yes, if the determination to have freedom is <span
class="removed"><del><strong>widespread.</p>
<p>
(2008 note: this issue extends to the BIOS as well. There is a free
BIOS, <a href="http://www.libreboot.org/">LibreBoot</a> (a
distribution of coreboot); the problem is getting specs for machines so that
-LibreBoot can support them without nonfree “blobs”.)</p>
+LibreBoot can support them without nonfree
“blobs”.)</p></strong></del></span> <span
class="inserted"><ins><em>widespread. <a
href="#ft8">[8]</a></p></em></ins></span>
+
<h3>Nonfree libraries</h3>
<p>
@@ -853,10 +883,10 @@
way to be sure, but I think that this was partly due to the
community's firm response to the problem that Qt posed when it was
nonfree. (The new license is inconvenient and inequitable, so it
-remains desirable to avoid using Qt.)</p>
+remains desirable to avoid using <span
class="removed"><del><strong>Qt.)</p>
<p>
[Subsequent note: in September 2000, Qt was rereleased under the GNU GPL,
-which essentially solved this problem.]</p>
+which essentially solved this problem.]</p></strong></del></span> <span
class="inserted"><ins><em>Qt. <a
href="#ft9">[9]</a>)</p></em></ins></span>
<p>
How will we respond to the next tempting nonfree library? Will the
whole community understand the need to stay out of the trap? Or will
@@ -869,12 +899,12 @@
algorithms and features off limits to free software for up to twenty
years. The LZW compression algorithm patents were applied for in
1983, and we still cannot release free software to produce proper
-compressed <span
class="removed"><del><strong><acronym</strong></del></span> <span
class="inserted"><ins><em><abbr</em></ins></span> title="Graphics
Interchange <span
class="removed"><del><strong>Format">GIF</acronym>s.</strong></del></span>
<span class="inserted"><ins><em>Format">GIF</abbr>s.</em></ins></span>
-[As of 2009 they have expired.] In 1998, a free program to produce
+compressed <span
class="removed"><del><strong><acronym</strong></del></span> <span
class="inserted"><ins><em><abbr</em></ins></span> title="Graphics
Interchange <span class="removed"><del><strong>Format">GIF</acronym>s.
+[As of 2009 they have expired.]</strong></del></span> <span
class="inserted"><ins><em>Format">GIF</abbr>s. <a
href="#ft10">[10]</a></em></ins></span>
+In 1998, a free program to produce
<span class="removed"><del><strong><acronym</strong></del></span>
<span class="inserted"><ins><em><abbr</em></ins></span> title="MPEG-1 Audio
Layer <span
class="removed"><del><strong>3">MP3</acronym></strong></del></span>
<span class="inserted"><ins><em>3">MP3</abbr></em></ins></span>
compressed audio
-was removed from distribution under threat of a patent <span
class="removed"><del><strong>suit.</p></strong></del></span> <span
class="inserted"><ins><em>suit. [As of
-2017, these patents have expired. Look how long we had to wait.]
+was removed from distribution under threat of a patent <span
class="removed"><del><strong>suit.</p></strong></del></span> <span
class="inserted"><ins><em>suit. <a href="#ft11">[11]</a>
</p></em></ins></span>
<p>
There are ways to cope with patents: we can search for evidence that a
@@ -946,7 +976,7 @@
<h3>We must talk about freedom</h3>
<p>
Estimates today are that there are ten million users of GNU/Linux
-systems such as Debian GNU/Linux and Red Hat “Linux”.
+systems such as Debian GNU/Linux and Red Hat <span
class="removed"><del><strong>“Linux”.</strong></del></span> <span
class="inserted"><ins><em>“Linux.”</em></ins></span>
Free software has developed such practical advantages that users are
flocking to it for purely practical reasons.</p>
<p>
@@ -999,7 +1029,7 @@
“Free software” and “open source” describe the
same category of software, more or less, but say different things
about the software, and about values. The GNU Project continues to
-use the term “free software”, to express the idea that
+use the term “free <span
class="removed"><del><strong>software”,</strong></del></span> <span
class="inserted"><ins><em>software,”</em></ins></span> to express the
idea that
freedom, not just technology, is important.</p>
<h3>Try!</h3>
@@ -1023,10 +1053,74 @@
can't take the future of freedom for granted. Don't take it for
granted! If you want to keep your freedom, you must be prepared to
defend it.</p>
+<span class="inserted"><ins><em><div class="column-limit"></div>
+
+<h3 class="footnote">Footnotes</h3>
+<ol>
+<li id="ft1">The use of “hacker” to mean “security
+breaker” is a confusion on the part of the mass media. We
+hackers refuse to recognize that meaning, and continue using the word
+to mean someone who loves to program, someone who enjoys playful
+cleverness, or the combination of the two. See my
+article, “<a
href="https://stallman.org/articles/on-hacking.html">On
+Hacking</a>.”</li>
+
+<li id="ft2">As an Atheist, I don't follow any religious leaders, but I
+sometimes find I admire something one of them has said.</li>
+
+<li id="ft3">In 1984 or 1985, Don Hopkins (a very imaginative fellow)
mailed me
+a letter. <a href="/graphics/copyleft-sticker.html">On the
envelope</a> he
+had written several amusing sayings,
+including this one: “Copyleft—all rights reversed.” I
+used the word “copyleft” to name the distribution concept
+I was developing at the time.</li>
+
+<li id="ft4">We now use the <a href="/licenses/fdl.html">GNU Free
+Documentation License</a> for documentation.</li>
+
+<li id="ft5">“Bourne Again Shell” is a play on the name
+“Bourne Shell,” which was the usual shell on Unix.</li>
+
+<li id="ft6">That was written in 1998. In 2009 we no longer maintain a
long
+task list. The community develops free software so fast that we can't
+even keep track of it all. Instead, we have a list of High Priority
+Projects, a much shorter list of projects we really want to encourage
+people to write.</li>
+
+<li id="ft7">This license is now called the GNU Lesser General Public
License,
+to avoid giving the idea that all libraries ought to use it.
+See <a href="/philosophy/why-not-lgpl.html">Why you shouldn't use the
+Lesser GPL for your next library</a> for more information.</li>
+
+<li id="ft8">2008 note: this issue extends to the BIOS as well. There
is a free
+BIOS, <a href="https://libreboot.org/">LibreBoot</a> (a
distribution of
+coreboot); the problem is getting specs for machines so that
+LibreBoot can support them without nonfree “blobs.”</li>
+
+<li id="ft9">In September 2000, Qt was rereleased under the GNU GPL,
+which essentially solved this problem.</li>
+
+<li id="ft10">As of 2009, the GIF patents have expired.</li>
+
+<li id="ft11">As of 2017, the MP3 patents have expired. Look how
+long we had to wait.</li>
+</ol>
+
+<div class="infobox extra" role="complementary">
+<hr />
+<p>
+Originally published in the book <cite>Open Sources</cite>.
Richard
+Stallman was <a href="/philosophy/open-source-misses-the-point.html">
+never a supporter of “open source”</a>, but contributed
+this article so that the ideas of the free software movement would not
+be entirely absent from that book.
+</p>
+</div>
+</div></em></ins></span>
</div><!-- for id="content", starts in the include above -->
<!--#include virtual="/server/footer.html" -->
-<div id="footer">
+<div <span
class="removed"><del><strong>id="footer"></strong></del></span> <span
class="inserted"><ins><em>id="footer" role="contentinfo"></em></ins></span>
<div class="unprintable">
<p>Please send general FSF & GNU inquiries to
@@ -1044,13 +1138,13 @@
to <a href="mailto:web-translators@gnu.org">
<web-translators@gnu.org></a>.</p>
- <p>For information on coordinating and submitting translations of
+ <p>For information on coordinating and <span
class="removed"><del><strong>submitting</strong></del></span> <span
class="inserted"><ins><em>contributing</em></ins></span> translations of
our web pages, see <a
href="/server/standards/README.translations.html">Translations
README</a>. -->
Please see the <a
href="/server/standards/README.translations.html">Translations
-README</a> for information on coordinating and submitting translations
+README</a> for information on coordinating and <span
class="removed"><del><strong>submitting</strong></del></span> <span
class="inserted"><ins><em>contributing</em></ins></span> translations
of this article.</p>
</div>
@@ -1071,7 +1165,7 @@
There is more detail about copyright years in the GNU Maintainers
Information document, www.gnu.org/prep/maintain. -->
-<p>Copyright © 1998, 2001, 2002, 2005, 2006, 2007, 2008, 2010,
2014, <span class="removed"><del><strong>2015</strong></del></span> <span
class="inserted"><ins><em>2015, 2017, 2018, 2020</em></ins></span>
+<p>Copyright © 1998, <span class="removed"><del><strong>2001,
2002,</strong></del></span> 2005, <span class="removed"><del><strong>2006,
2007,</strong></del></span> 2008, 2010, <span
class="removed"><del><strong>2014, 2015</strong></del></span> <span
class="inserted"><ins><em>2012, 2015, 2017, 2018, 2021</em></ins></span>
Richard Stallman</p>
<p>This page is licensed under a <a rel="license"
@@ -1082,7 +1176,7 @@
<p class="unprintable">Updated:
<!-- timestamp start -->
-$Date: 2021/05/30 19:03:10 $
+$Date: 2021/10/24 07:31:37 $
<!-- timestamp end -->
</p>
</div>
Index: thegnuproject.ca.po
===================================================================
RCS file: /web/www/www/gnu/po/thegnuproject.ca.po,v
retrieving revision 1.55
retrieving revision 1.56
diff -u -b -r1.55 -r1.56
--- thegnuproject.ca.po 12 Jul 2020 02:30:00 -0000 1.55
+++ thegnuproject.ca.po 24 Oct 2021 07:31:37 -0000 1.56
@@ -9,7 +9,7 @@
msgstr ""
"Project-Id-Version: thegnuproject.ca\n"
"Report-Msgid-Bugs-To: \n"
-"POT-Creation-Date: 2020-07-12 02:25+0000\n"
+"POT-Creation-Date: 2021-10-24 07:25+0000\n"
"PO-Revision-Date: 2016-04-23 18:03+0200\n"
"Last-Translator: Miquel Puigpelat <mpuigpe1@xtec.cat>\n"
"Language-Team: Catalan <www-ca-traductors@gnu.org>\n"
@@ -28,45 +28,22 @@
msgstr ""
"GNU, Projecte GNU, FSF, Programari lliure, Free Software Foundation,
Història"
-#. type: Content of: <h2>
+#. type: Content of: <div><h2>
msgid "The GNU Project"
msgstr "El Projecte GNU"
-#. type: Content of: <p>
-msgid ""
-"by <a href=\"http://www.stallman.org/\";><strong>Richard Stallman</strong></a>"
-msgstr ""
-"per <a href=\"http://www.stallman.org/\";><strong>Richard Stallman</strong></"
-"a>"
-
-#. type: Content of: <blockquote><p>
-msgid ""
-"Originally published in the book <em>Open Sources</em>. Richard Stallman "
-"was <a href=\"/philosophy/open-source-misses-the-point.html\"> never a "
-"supporter of “open source”</a>, but contributed this article so "
-"that the ideas of the free software movement would not be entirely absent "
-"from that book."
-msgstr ""
-"Publicat originà riament al llibre <em>Open Sources</em>. Richard Stallman "
-"<a href=\"/philosophy/open-source-misses-the-point.html\"> mai va donar "
-"suport al «codi obert»</a>, però va aportar aquest article per tal que les
"
-"idees del moviment del programari lliure no estiguessin completament absents "
-"en aquest llibre. "
-
-#. type: Content of: <blockquote><p>
-msgid ""
-"Why it is even more important than ever <a href=\"/philosophy/free-software-"
-"even-more-important.html\">to insist that the software we use be free</a>."
-msgstr ""
-"Per què és mes important que mai <a href=\"/philosophy/free-software-even-"
-"more-important.html\">insistir que el programari que utilitzem ha de ser "
-"lliure</a>."
+#. type: Content of: <div><address>
+# || No change detected. The change might only be in amounts of spaces.
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid "by <a href=\"https://www.stallman.org/\";>Richard Stallman</a>"
+msgid "by <a href=\"https://www.stallman.org/\";>Richard Stallman</a>"
+msgstr "per <a href=\"https://www.stallman.org/\";>Richard Stallman</a>"
-#. type: Content of: <h3>
+#. type: Content of: <div><h3>
msgid "The first software-sharing community"
msgstr "La primera comunitat per a compartir programari"
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"When I started working at the <abbr title=\"Massachusetts Institute of "
"Technology\">MIT</abbr> Artificial Intelligence Lab in 1971, I became part "
@@ -83,15 +60,32 @@
"antic com els ordinadors, de la mateixa manera que compartir receptes és tan
"
"antic com la cuina. Però ho fèiem més intensament que la majoria."
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
+# | The AI Lab used a timesharing operating system called <abbr
+# | title=\"Incompatible Timesharing System\">ITS</abbr> (the Incompatible
+# | Timesharing System) that the lab's staff [-hackers (1)-]
+# | {+hackers <a href=\"#ft1\">[1]</a>+} had designed and written in
+# | assembler language for the Digital <abbr title=\"Programmed Data
+# | Processor\">PDP</abbr>-10, one of the large computers of the era. As a
+# | member of this community, an AI Lab staff system hacker, my job was to
+# | improve this system.
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "The AI Lab used a timesharing operating system called <abbr title="
+#| "\"Incompatible Timesharing System\">ITS</abbr> (the Incompatible "
+#| "Timesharing System) that the lab's staff hackers (1) had designed and "
+#| "written in assembler language for the Digital <abbr title=\"Programmed "
+#| "Data Processor\">PDP</abbr>-10, one of the large computers of the era. "
+#| "As a member of this community, an AI Lab staff system hacker, my job was "
+#| "to improve this system."
msgid ""
"The AI Lab used a timesharing operating system called <abbr title="
"\"Incompatible Timesharing System\">ITS</abbr> (the Incompatible Timesharing "
-"System) that the lab's staff hackers (1) had designed and written in "
-"assembler language for the Digital <abbr title=\"Programmed Data Processor"
-"\">PDP</abbr>-10, one of the large computers of the era. As a member of "
-"this community, an AI Lab staff system hacker, my job was to improve this "
-"system."
+"System) that the lab's staff hackers <a href=\"#ft1\">[1]</a> had "
+"designed and written in assembler language for the Digital <abbr title="
+"\"Programmed Data Processor\">PDP</abbr>-10, one of the large computers of "
+"the era. As a member of this community, an AI Lab staff system hacker, my "
+"job was to improve this system."
msgstr ""
"El LIA utilitzava un sistema operatiu de compartiment de temps anomenat ITS "
"<cite>(Incompatible Timesharing System)</cite> que els hackers (1) del "
@@ -100,9 +94,24 @@
"potents de l'època. Com a membre d'aquesta comunitat, un hacker del LIA, la "
"meva feina era millorar el sistema."
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
+# | We did not call our software “free [-software”,-]
+# | {+software,”+} because that term did not yet exist; but that is what
+# | it was. Whenever people from another university or a company wanted to
+# | port and use a program, we gladly let them. If you saw someone using an
+# | unfamiliar and interesting program, you could always ask to see the source
+# | code, so that you could read it, change it, or cannibalize parts of it to
+# | make a new program.
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "We did not call our software “free software”, because that "
+#| "term did not yet exist; but that is what it was. Whenever people from "
+#| "another university or a company wanted to port and use a program, we "
+#| "gladly let them. If you saw someone using an unfamiliar and interesting "
+#| "program, you could always ask to see the source code, so that you could "
+#| "read it, change it, or cannibalize parts of it to make a new program."
msgid ""
-"We did not call our software “free software”, because that term "
+"We did not call our software “free software,” because that term "
"did not yet exist; but that is what it was. Whenever people from another "
"university or a company wanted to port and use a program, we gladly let "
"them. If you saw someone using an unfamiliar and interesting program, you "
@@ -116,27 +125,20 @@
"desconegut, sempre podeu preguntar-li si disposa del codi font per tal de "
"llegir-lo, o reutilitzar-ne algunes parts per a fer un nou programa. "
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><div><p>
msgid ""
-"(1) The use of “hacker” to mean “security breaker” "
-"is a confusion on the part of the mass media. We hackers refuse to "
-"recognize that meaning, and continue using the word to mean someone who "
-"loves to program, someone who enjoys playful cleverness, or the combination "
-"of the two. See my article, <a href=\"http://stallman.org/articles/on-";
-"hacking.html\">On Hacking</a>."
+"Why it is even more important than ever <a href=\"/philosophy/free-software-"
+"even-more-important.html\">to insist that the software we use be free</a>."
msgstr ""
-"(1) L'ús de «hacker» com a «aquell qui trenca barreres de seguretat» és
una "
-"confusió per part de la premsa i els medis de comunicació. Nosaltres els "
-"hackers refusem aquesta accepció del terme, i continuem emprant el mot per "
-"designar aquell qui està enamorat de la programació, aquell que gaudeix
d'un "
-"enginy juganer o una combinació de les dues coses. Vegeu el meu article <a "
-"href=\"http://stallman.org/articles/on-hacking.html\";>Sobre el Hacking</a>."
+"Per què és mes important que mai <a href=\"/philosophy/free-software-even-"
+"more-important.html\">insistir que el programari que utilitzem ha de ser "
+"lliure</a>."
-#. type: Content of: <h3>
+#. type: Content of: <div><h3>
msgid "The collapse of the community"
msgstr "El col·lapse de la comunitat"
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"The situation changed drastically in the early 1980s when Digital "
"discontinued the PDP-10 series. Its architecture, elegant and powerful in "
@@ -150,15 +152,32 @@
"esdevenien ja factibles. Això va significar que gairebé tots els programes "
"escrits per a ITS esdevingueren obsolets. "
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
+# | The AI Lab hacker community had already collapsed, not long before. In
+# | 1981, the spin-off company Symbolics had hired away nearly all of the
+# | hackers from the AI Lab, and the depopulated community was unable to
+# | maintain itself. (The book [-Hackers,-] {+<cite>Hackers</cite>,+} by
+# | Steve Levy, describes these events, as well as giving a clear picture of
+# | this community in its prime.) When the AI Lab bought a new PDP-10 in
+# | 1982, its administrators decided to use Digital's nonfree timesharing
+# | system instead of ITS.
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "The AI Lab hacker community had already collapsed, not long before. In "
+#| "1981, the spin-off company Symbolics had hired away nearly all of the "
+#| "hackers from the AI Lab, and the depopulated community was unable to "
+#| "maintain itself. (The book Hackers, by Steve Levy, describes these "
+#| "events, as well as giving a clear picture of this community in its "
+#| "prime.) When the AI Lab bought a new PDP-10 in 1982, its administrators "
+#| "decided to use Digital's nonfree timesharing system instead of ITS."
msgid ""
"The AI Lab hacker community had already collapsed, not long before. In "
"1981, the spin-off company Symbolics had hired away nearly all of the "
"hackers from the AI Lab, and the depopulated community was unable to "
-"maintain itself. (The book Hackers, by Steve Levy, describes these events, "
-"as well as giving a clear picture of this community in its prime.) When the "
-"AI Lab bought a new PDP-10 in 1982, its administrators decided to use "
-"Digital's nonfree timesharing system instead of ITS."
+"maintain itself. (The book <cite>Hackers</cite>, by Steve Levy, describes "
+"these events, as well as giving a clear picture of this community in its "
+"prime.) When the AI Lab bought a new PDP-10 in 1982, its administrators "
+"decided to use Digital's nonfree timesharing system instead of ITS."
msgstr ""
"La comunitat hacker del LIA ja havia desaparegut. In 1981, una empresa jove, "
"Symbolics, va contractar gairebé a tots els hackers del LIA, i la comunitat "
@@ -168,7 +187,7 @@
"1982, els administradors van decidir d'utilitzar el sistema de compartició "
"de temps no lliure de Digital en comptes del ITS."
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"The modern computers of the era, such as the VAX or the 68020, had their own "
"operating systems, but none of them were free software: you had to sign a "
@@ -179,7 +198,7 @@
"havia de signar un contracte fins i tot per obtenir una còpia de "
"l'executable."
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"This meant that the first step in using a computer was to promise not to "
"help your neighbor. A cooperating community was forbidden. The rule made "
@@ -192,7 +211,7 @@
"programari propietari era: «Si ho compartiu amb els vostres companys, sou "
"uns pirates. Si feu voleu cap canvi, demaneu-nos que el fem.»"
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"The idea that the proprietary software social system—the system that "
"says you are not allowed to share or change software—is antisocial, "
@@ -214,11 +233,27 @@
"Els productors de programari han treballat intensament i durant molt temps "
"per tal de convèncer a la gent que és l'única manera de veure el tema. "
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
+# | When software publishers talk about “enforcing” their
+# | “rights” or “stopping <a
+# | [-href=\"/philosophy/words-to-avoid.html#Piracy\">piracy</a>”,-]
+# | {+href=\"/philosophy/words-to-avoid.html#Piracy\">piracy</a>,”+}
+# | what they actually <em>say</em> is secondary. The real message of these
+# | statements is in the unstated assumptions they take for granted, which the
+# | public is asked to accept without examination. Let's therefore examine
+# | them.
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "When software publishers talk about “enforcing” their “"
+#| "rights” or “stopping <a href=\"/philosophy/words-to-avoid."
+#| "html#Piracy\">piracy</a>”, what they actually <em>say</em> is "
+#| "secondary. The real message of these statements is in the unstated "
+#| "assumptions they take for granted, which the public is asked to accept "
+#| "without examination. Let's therefore examine them."
msgid ""
"When software publishers talk about “enforcing” their “"
"rights” or “stopping <a href=\"/philosophy/words-to-avoid."
-"html#Piracy\">piracy</a>”, what they actually <em>say</em> is "
+"html#Piracy\">piracy</a>,” what they actually <em>say</em> is "
"secondary. The real message of these statements is in the unstated "
"assumptions they take for granted, which the public is asked to accept "
"without examination. Let's therefore examine them."
@@ -229,7 +264,7 @@
"afirmacions és en els supòsits que ells prenen com a donats i que el
públic "
"ha d'acceptar sense cap mena de discussió. Anem doncs a examinar-los."
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"One assumption is that software companies have an unquestionable natural "
"right to own software and thus have power over all its users. (If this were "
@@ -247,7 +282,7 @@
"artificial que imposa un monopoli limitador del dret natural a copiar dels "
"usuaris. "
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"Another unstated assumption is that the only important thing about software "
"is what jobs it allows you to do—that we computer users should not "
@@ -258,7 +293,7 @@
"implÃcit el fet que nosaltres, els usuaris, no ens hem de preocupar del "
"tipus de societat que ens està permès de tenir."
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"A third assumption is that we would have no usable software (or would never "
"have a program to do this or that particular job) if we did not offer a "
@@ -272,7 +307,7 @@
"plausible abans que el moviment per al programari lliure demostrés que es "
"pot tenir qualsevol programari sense haver d'imposar restriccions."
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"If we decline to accept these assumptions, and judge these issues based on "
"ordinary commonsense morality while placing the users first, we arrive at "
@@ -287,13 +322,31 @@
"més de poder compartir-lo, pel senzill fet de què ajudar a la resta de gent
"
"és la base de la societat."
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
+# | There is no room here for an extensive statement of the reasoning behind
+# | this conclusion, so I refer the reader to [-the web pages <a
+# | href=\"/philosophy/why-free.html\">
+# | http://www.gnu.org/philosophy/why-free.html</a>-] {+“<a
+# | href=\"/philosophy/why-free.html\">Why Software Should Not Have
+# | Owners</a>,”+} and [-<a
+# | href=\"/philosophy/free-software-even-more-important.html\">
+# | http://www.gnu.org/philosophy/free-software-even-more-important.html</a>.-]
+# | {+“<a
+# | href=\"/philosophy/free-software-even-more-important.html\">Free Software
+# | Is Even More Important Now</a>.”+}
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "There is no room here for an extensive statement of the reasoning behind "
+#| "this conclusion, so I refer the reader to the web pages <a href=\"/"
+#| "philosophy/why-free.html\"> http://www.gnu.org/philosophy/why-free.html</"
+#| "a> and <a href=\"/philosophy/free-software-even-more-important.html\"> "
+#| "http://www.gnu.org/philosophy/free-software-even-more-important.html</a>."
msgid ""
"There is no room here for an extensive statement of the reasoning behind "
-"this conclusion, so I refer the reader to the web pages <a href=\"/"
-"philosophy/why-free.html\"> http://www.gnu.org/philosophy/why-free.html</a> "
-"and <a href=\"/philosophy/free-software-even-more-important.html\"> http://";
-"www.gnu.org/philosophy/free-software-even-more-important.html</a>."
+"this conclusion, so I refer the reader to “<a href=\"/philosophy/why-"
+"free.html\">Why Software Should Not Have Owners</a>,” and “<a "
+"href=\"/philosophy/free-software-even-more-important.html\">Free Software Is "
+"Even More Important Now</a>.”"
msgstr ""
"No disposem aquà de lloc per a un tractament més extens del raonament que
hi "
"ha darrera d'aquesta conclusió, per la qual cosa us adreço a les pà gines
<a "
@@ -301,11 +354,11 @@
"html</a> i <a href=\"/philosophy/free-software-even-more-important.html\"> "
"http://www.gnu.org/philosophy/free-software-even-more-important.html</a>."
-#. type: Content of: <h3>
+#. type: Content of: <div><h3>
msgid "A stark moral choice"
msgstr "Un dur dilema moral."
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"With my community gone, to continue as before was impossible. Instead, I "
"faced a stark moral choice."
@@ -313,7 +366,7 @@
"Amb la desaparició de la meva comunitat, continuar com abans era impossible.
"
"Em vaig plantejar llavors un dur dilema moral."
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"The easy choice was to join the proprietary software world, signing "
"nondisclosure agreements and promising not to help my fellow hacker. Most "
@@ -327,7 +380,7 @@
"hauria sortit en condicions de no revelació, afegint per tant pressió sobre
"
"la resta de gent a trair els seus companys."
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"I could have made money this way, and perhaps amused myself writing code. "
"But I knew that at the end of my career, I would look back on years of "
@@ -339,7 +392,7 @@
"anys on es van construir barreres per dividir a la gent, i pensaria que "
"m'hauria passat la vida fent el món una mica pitjor del que és."
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"I had already experienced being on the receiving end of a nondisclosure "
"agreement, when someone refused to give me and the MIT AI Lab the source "
@@ -356,7 +409,7 @@
"doncs que els acords d'exclusivitat eren innocus. Em vaig emprenyar molt "
"quan van rebutjar de compartir el codi; no podria fer jo el mateix a algú. "
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"Another choice, straightforward but unpleasant, was to leave the computer "
"field. That way my skills would not be misused, but they would still be "
@@ -368,7 +421,7 @@
"malament, però es malgastarien. No seria culpable de dividir als usuaris i "
"de restringir-los els drets, però no podria fer-hi res. "
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"So I looked for a way that a programmer could do something for the good. I "
"asked myself, was there a program or programs that I could write, so as to "
@@ -378,7 +431,7 @@
"preguntar si hi havia algun programa o programes que podia escriure, per tal "
"de refer la comunitat."
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"The answer was clear: what was needed first was an operating system. That "
"is the crucial software for starting to use a computer. With an operating "
@@ -395,14 +448,15 @@
"convidar a què més gent s'hi afegÃs. I tothom podria fer servir un
ordinador "
"sense que el seu ús provoqués una pèrdua de drets dels seus companys."
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
# | As an operating system developer, I had the right skills for this job. So
# | even though I could not take success for granted, I realized that I was
# | elected to do the job. I chose to make the system compatible with Unix so
# | that it would be portable, and so that Unix users could easily switch to
# | it. The name GNU was chosen, following a hacker tradition, as a recursive
# | acronym for “GNU's Not Unix.” {+It is pronounced as <a
-# | href=\"/gnu/pronunciation.html\">one syllable with a hard g</a>.+}
+# | href=\"/gnu/pronunciation.html\">one syllable with a
+# | hard <i>g</i></a>.+}
#, fuzzy
#| msgid ""
#| "As an operating system developer, I had the right skills for this job. "
@@ -418,7 +472,7 @@
"that it would be portable, and so that Unix users could easily switch to "
"it. The name GNU was chosen, following a hacker tradition, as a recursive "
"acronym for “GNU's Not Unix.” It is pronounced as <a href=\"/gnu/"
-"pronunciation.html\">one syllable with a hard g</a>."
+"pronunciation.html\">one syllable with a hard <i>g</i></a>."
msgstr ""
"Com a desenvolupador de sistemes operatius, tenia els coneixements i "
"habilitats adequades per a la feina. Tot i que no n'estava segur dels "
@@ -428,7 +482,7 @@
"bà ndol. El nom GNU fou escollit seguint una tradició hacker: GNU és un "
"acrònim recursiu que significa <cite>GNU's Not Unix</cite>."
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"An operating system does not mean just a kernel, barely enough to run other "
"programs. In the 1970s, every operating system worthy of the name included "
@@ -443,40 +497,38 @@
"ITS els duia, Multics també els duia, VMS també els duia i Unix també els "
"duia. El sistema operatiu GNU també els havia de dur."
-#. type: Content of: <p>
-msgid "Later I heard these words, attributed to Hillel (1):"
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
+# | Later I heard these words, attributed to [-Hillel (1):-] {+Hillel <a
+# | href=\"#ft2\">[2]</a>:+}
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid "Later I heard these words, attributed to Hillel (1):"
+msgid ""
+"Later I heard these words, attributed to Hillel <a href=\"#ft2\">[2]</"
+"a>:"
msgstr "Més tard vaig escoltar aquests versos, atribuïts a Hillel (1):"
-#. type: Content of: <blockquote><p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><blockquote><p>
msgid "If I am not for myself, who will be for me?"
msgstr "Si no existeixo per mi mateix, qui existirà per mi?"
-#. type: Content of: <blockquote><p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><blockquote><p>
msgid "If I am only for myself, what am I?"
msgstr "Si només existeixo per mi mateix, què sóc?"
-#. type: Content of: <blockquote><p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><blockquote><p>
msgid "If not now, when?"
msgstr "Si no ara, quan?"
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid "The decision to start the GNU Project was based on a similar spirit."
msgstr ""
"La decisió de començar el projecte GNU estava basada en un esperit similar."
-#. type: Content of: <p>
-msgid ""
-"(1) As an Atheist, I don't follow any religious leaders, but I sometimes "
-"find I admire something one of them has said."
-msgstr ""
-"(1) Com a ateu, no estic sota les ordres de cap lÃder religiós, però a "
-"vegades admiro algunes coses del que diuen."
-
-#. type: Content of: <h3>
+#. type: Content of: <div><h3>
msgid "Free as in freedom"
msgstr "Lliure com a llibertat"
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"The term “free software” is sometimes misunderstood—it has "
"nothing to do with price. It is about freedom. Here, therefore, is the "
@@ -486,17 +538,17 @@
"el preu. Té a veure amb la llibertat. La definició de programari lliure
és, "
"per tant, aquesta:"
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid "A program is free software, for you, a particular user, if:"
msgstr ""
"Un programa és programari lliure per a vosaltres, ususaris particulars, si:"
-#. type: Content of: <ul><li>
+#. type: Content of: <div><ul><li>
msgid "You have the freedom to run the program as you wish, for any purpose."
msgstr ""
"Teniu el dret a executar el programa com vulgueu, per qualsevol propòsit."
-#. type: Content of: <ul><li>
+#. type: Content of: <div><ul><li>
msgid ""
"You have the freedom to modify the program to suit your needs. (To make "
"this freedom effective in practice, you must have access to the source code, "
@@ -508,14 +560,14 @@
"fer canvis a un programa sense disposar d'ell pot ser una tasca "
"extremadament difÃcil)."
-#. type: Content of: <ul><li>
+#. type: Content of: <div><ul><li>
msgid ""
"You have the freedom to redistribute copies, either gratis or for a fee."
msgstr ""
"Teniu dret a redistribuir còpies, bé gratuitament o bé fixant un preu per "
"elles."
-#. type: Content of: <ul><li>
+#. type: Content of: <div><ul><li>
msgid ""
"You have the freedom to distribute modified versions of the program, so that "
"the community can benefit from your improvements."
@@ -523,7 +575,7 @@
"Teniu dret a distribuir versions modificades del programa, de manera que la "
"comunitat pot beneficiar-se de les vostres millores."
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"Since “free” refers to freedom, not to price, there is no "
"contradiction between selling copies and free software. In fact, the "
@@ -540,14 +592,34 @@
"programa on la gent no té dret a incloure'l en col·leccions de programes no
"
"és un programa lliure."
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
+# | Because of the ambiguity of [-“free”,-]
+# | {+“free,”+} people have long looked for alternatives, but no
+# | one has found a better term. The English language has more words and
+# | nuances than any other, but it lacks a simple, unambiguous, word that
+# | means [-“free”,-] {+“free,”+} as in
+# | freedom—“unfettered” being the word that comes closest
+# | in meaning. Such alternatives as [-“liberated”,
+# | “freedom”,-] {+“liberated,”
+# | “freedom,”+} and “open” have either the wrong
+# | meaning or some other disadvantage.
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "Because of the ambiguity of “free”, people have long looked "
+#| "for alternatives, but no one has found a better term. The English "
+#| "language has more words and nuances than any other, but it lacks a "
+#| "simple, unambiguous, word that means “free”, as in "
+#| "freedom—“unfettered” being the word that comes closest "
+#| "in meaning. Such alternatives as “liberated”, “"
+#| "freedom”, and “open” have either the wrong meaning or "
+#| "some other disadvantage."
msgid ""
-"Because of the ambiguity of “free”, people have long looked for "
+"Because of the ambiguity of “free,” people have long looked for "
"alternatives, but no one has found a better term. The English language has "
"more words and nuances than any other, but it lacks a simple, unambiguous, "
-"word that means “free”, as in freedom—“"
+"word that means “free,” as in freedom—“"
"unfettered” being the word that comes closest in meaning. Such "
-"alternatives as “liberated”, “freedom”, and “"
+"alternatives as “liberated,” “freedom,” and “"
"open” have either the wrong meaning or some other disadvantage."
msgstr ""
"Degut a la ambigüitat del terme «lliure», molta gent ha cercat des de fa "
@@ -558,11 +630,11 @@
"<cite>freedom</cite> o <cite>open</cite> tenen o bé un significat dubtós o "
"algun altre desavantatge."
-#. type: Content of: <h3>
+#. type: Content of: <div><h3>
msgid "GNU software and the GNU system"
msgstr "El programari GNU i el sistema GNU"
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"Developing a whole system is a very large project. To bring it into reach, "
"I decided to adapt and use existing pieces of free software wherever that "
@@ -577,7 +649,7 @@
"quants anys més tard, vaig decidir a fer servir el sistema X Window en "
"comptes de qualsevol altre per al sistema GNU."
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"Because of these decisions, and others like them, the GNU system is not the "
"same as the collection of all GNU software. The GNU system includes "
@@ -591,11 +663,11 @@
"projectes independents, però que podem utilitzar pel fet que són programes "
"lliures."
-#. type: Content of: <h3>
+#. type: Content of: <div><h3>
msgid "Commencing the project"
msgstr "Arrencada del projecte"
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"In January 1984 I quit my job at MIT and began writing GNU software. "
"Leaving MIT was necessary so that MIT would not be able to interfere with "
@@ -615,7 +687,7 @@
"de què una tasca d'aquestes magnituds es veiés desvirtuada del seu
propòsit "
"original: crear una nova comunitat de compartició del programari."
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"However, Professor Winston, then the head of the MIT AI Lab, kindly invited "
"me to keep using the lab's facilities."
@@ -624,15 +696,29 @@
"MIT, em va convidar cordialment a fer servir els equips del laboratori "
"sempre que ho volgués."
-#. type: Content of: <h3>
+#. type: Content of: <div><h3>
msgid "The first steps"
msgstr "Les primeres passes"
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
+# | Shortly before beginning the GNU Project, I heard about the Free
+# | University Compiler Kit, also known as VUCK. (The Dutch word for
+# | “free” is written with a [-<em>v</em>.)-] {+<i>v</i>.)+} This
+# | was a compiler designed to handle multiple languages, including C and
+# | Pascal, and to support multiple target machines. I wrote to its author
+# | asking if GNU could use it.
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "Shortly before beginning the GNU Project, I heard about the Free "
+#| "University Compiler Kit, also known as VUCK. (The Dutch word for “"
+#| "free” is written with a <em>v</em>.) This was a compiler designed "
+#| "to handle multiple languages, including C and Pascal, and to support "
+#| "multiple target machines. I wrote to its author asking if GNU could use "
+#| "it."
msgid ""
"Shortly before beginning the GNU Project, I heard about the Free University "
"Compiler Kit, also known as VUCK. (The Dutch word for “free” is "
-"written with a <em>v</em>.) This was a compiler designed to handle multiple "
+"written with a <i>v</i>.) This was a compiler designed to handle multiple "
"languages, including C and Pascal, and to support multiple target machines. "
"I wrote to its author asking if GNU could use it."
msgstr ""
@@ -643,7 +729,7 @@
"múltiples mà quines. Vaig escriure al seu autor demanant-li si la GNU podia "
"fer-lo servir."
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"He responded derisively, stating that the university was free but the "
"compiler was not. I therefore decided that my first program for the GNU "
@@ -653,7 +739,7 @@
"el compilador no ho era. Em vaig decidir, per tant, a què el primer programa
"
"del projecte GNU fos un compilador multillenguatge i multiplataforma."
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"Hoping to avoid the need to write the whole compiler myself, I obtained the "
"source code for the Pastel compiler, which was a multiplatform compiler "
@@ -674,11 +760,31 @@
"compilador necessitava molts megaoctets d'espai de pila i que la pila "
"disponible al Unix 68000 només permetia 64k. "
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
+# | I then realized that the Pastel compiler functioned by parsing the entire
+# | input file into a syntax tree, converting the whole syntax tree into a
+# | chain of [-“instructions”,-] {+“instructions,”+}
+# | and then generating the whole output file, without ever freeing any
+# | storage. At this point, I concluded I would have to write a new compiler
+# | from scratch. That new compiler is now known as <abbr title=\"GNU
+# | Compiler Collection\">GCC</abbr>; none of the Pastel compiler is used in
+# | it, but I managed to adapt and use the C front end that I had written.
+# | But that was some years later; first, I worked on GNU Emacs.
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "I then realized that the Pastel compiler functioned by parsing the entire "
+#| "input file into a syntax tree, converting the whole syntax tree into a "
+#| "chain of “instructions”, and then generating the whole output "
+#| "file, without ever freeing any storage. At this point, I concluded I "
+#| "would have to write a new compiler from scratch. That new compiler is "
+#| "now known as <abbr title=\"GNU Compiler Collection\">GCC</abbr>; none of "
+#| "the Pastel compiler is used in it, but I managed to adapt and use the C "
+#| "front end that I had written. But that was some years later; first, I "
+#| "worked on GNU Emacs."
msgid ""
"I then realized that the Pastel compiler functioned by parsing the entire "
"input file into a syntax tree, converting the whole syntax tree into a chain "
-"of “instructions”, and then generating the whole output file, "
+"of “instructions,” and then generating the whole output file, "
"without ever freeing any storage. At this point, I concluded I would have "
"to write a new compiler from scratch. That new compiler is now known as "
"<abbr title=\"GNU Compiler Collection\">GCC</abbr>; none of the Pastel "
@@ -694,11 +800,11 @@
"les vaig arreglar per adaptar i incloure la part que havia escrit per al C. "
"Però això fou anys més tard; abans, vaig treballar amb el GNU Emacs."
-#. type: Content of: <h3>
+#. type: Content of: <div><h3>
msgid "GNU Emacs"
msgstr "GNU Emacs"
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"I began work on GNU Emacs in September 1984, and in early 1985 it was "
"beginning to be usable. This enabled me to begin using Unix systems to do "
@@ -710,7 +816,7 @@
"sistemes Unix per a editar. Com no tenia cap interès en aprendre com "
"utilitzar vi o ed, havia fet l'edició en altres mà quines fins llavors."
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"At this point, people began wanting to use GNU Emacs, which raised the "
"question of how to distribute it. Of course, I put it on the anonymous ftp "
@@ -730,7 +836,7 @@
"usuaris no tenien accés a Internet i no podien aconseguir la còpia via ftp.
"
"Per tant el dubte era: com fer-los saber de la seva existència?"
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"I could have said, “Find a friend who is on the net and who will make "
"a copy for you.” Or I could have done what I did with the original "
@@ -752,11 +858,11 @@
"el negoci de la distribució de programari lliure, el precursor de les "
"empreses que avui distribueixen sistemes complets GNU basats en Linux."
-#. type: Content of: <h3>
+#. type: Content of: <div><h3>
msgid "Is a program free for every user?"
msgstr "Ãs un programa lliure per a tots els usuaris?"
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"If a program is free software when it leaves the hands of its author, this "
"does not necessarily mean it will be free software for everyone who has a "
@@ -776,7 +882,7 @@
"lliures tenen copyright però es distribueixen amb llicències simples molt "
"permissives que permeten versions modificades propietà ries."
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"The paradigmatic example of this problem is the X Window System. Developed "
"at MIT, and released as free software with a permissive license, it was soon "
@@ -792,11 +898,23 @@
"van deixar de ser programari lliure, de la mateixa manera que ho va deixar "
"de ser el Unix."
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
+# | The developers of the X Window System did not consider this a
+# | problem—they expected and intended this to happen. Their goal was
+# | not freedom, just [-“success”,-] {+“success,”+}
+# | defined as “having many users.” They did not care whether
+# | these users had freedom, only that they should be numerous.
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "The developers of the X Window System did not consider this a "
+#| "problem—they expected and intended this to happen. Their goal was "
+#| "not freedom, just “success”, defined as “having many "
+#| "users.” They did not care whether these users had freedom, only "
+#| "that they should be numerous."
msgid ""
"The developers of the X Window System did not consider this a problem—"
"they expected and intended this to happen. Their goal was not freedom, just "
-"“success”, defined as “having many users.” They did "
+"“success,” defined as “having many users.” They did "
"not care whether these users had freedom, only that they should be numerous."
msgstr ""
"Els desenvolupadors del sistema X Window no van considerar això un problema:
"
@@ -804,7 +922,7 @@
"definit com a «captar el mà xim nombre d'usuaris». No van tenir en compte
si "
"aquests usuaris disposarien de drets; només de què fossin nombrosos."
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"This led to a paradoxical situation where two different ways of counting the "
"amount of freedom gave different answers to the question, “Is this "
@@ -822,23 +940,34 @@
"d'usuaris de X executen les versions propietà ries que venen amb els sistemes
"
"Unix, no la versió lliure."
-#. type: Content of: <h3>
+#. type: Content of: <div><h3>
msgid "Copyleft and the GNU GPL"
msgstr "Copyleft i la GPL del GNU"
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
+# | The goal of GNU was to give users freedom, not just to be popular. So we
+# | needed to use distribution terms that would prevent GNU software from
+# | being turned into proprietary software. The method we use is called
+# | [-“copyleft”.(1)-] {+“copyleft” <a
+# | href=\"#ft3\">[3]</a>.+}
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "The goal of GNU was to give users freedom, not just to be popular. So we "
+#| "needed to use distribution terms that would prevent GNU software from "
+#| "being turned into proprietary software. The method we use is called "
+#| "“copyleft”.(1)"
msgid ""
"The goal of GNU was to give users freedom, not just to be popular. So we "
"needed to use distribution terms that would prevent GNU software from being "
"turned into proprietary software. The method we use is called “"
-"copyleft”.(1)"
+"copyleft” <a href=\"#ft3\">[3]</a>."
msgstr ""
"L'objectiu del GNU fou donar als usuaris drets, no només ser populars. Per "
"tant, calia utilitzar uns termes de distribució que no deixessin cap "
"possibilitat de què el programari GNU esdevinguin programari propietari. "
"Aquest mètode que utilitzem és anomenat «copyleft». (1) "
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"Copyleft uses copyright law, but flips it over to serve the opposite of its "
"usual purpose: instead of a means for restricting a program, it becomes a "
@@ -849,7 +978,7 @@
"privatitzar el programari, esdevé un medi per a mantenir el programari "
"lliure."
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"The central idea of copyleft is that we give everyone permission to run the "
"program, copy the program, modify the program, and distribute modified "
@@ -863,7 +992,7 @@
"crÃtics que defineixen el «programari lliure» estan garantits per a tothom
"
"que tingui una còpia. Són drets inalienables."
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"For an effective copyleft, modified versions must also be free. This "
"ensures that work based on ours becomes available to our community if it is "
@@ -880,7 +1009,7 @@
"canvis, perquè els farem servir per llençar una versió propietà ria del "
"programa.»"
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"The requirement that changes must be free is essential if we want to ensure "
"freedom for every user of the program. The companies that privatized the X "
@@ -897,7 +1026,7 @@
"per a denegar drets als usuaris hauria de ser fà cil per a qualsevol de "
"prendre avantatge d'aquesta excusa."
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"A related issue concerns combining a free program with nonfree code. Such a "
"combination would inevitably be nonfree; whichever freedoms are lacking for "
@@ -915,13 +1044,27 @@
"aquest forat: qualsevol cosa afegida o combinada amb un programa amb "
"copyleft ha de donar lloc a una versió lliure i amb copyleft."
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
+# | The specific implementation of copyleft that we use for most GNU software
+# | is the GNU General Public License, or GNU GPL for short. We have other
+# | kinds of copyleft that are used in specific circumstances. GNU manuals
+# | are copylefted also, but use a much simpler kind of copyleft, because the
+# | complexity of the GNU GPL is not necessary for [-manuals.(2)-]
+# | {+manuals. <a href=\"#ft4\">[4]</a>+}
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "The specific implementation of copyleft that we use for most GNU software "
+#| "is the GNU General Public License, or GNU GPL for short. We have other "
+#| "kinds of copyleft that are used in specific circumstances. GNU manuals "
+#| "are copylefted also, but use a much simpler kind of copyleft, because the "
+#| "complexity of the GNU GPL is not necessary for manuals.(2)"
msgid ""
"The specific implementation of copyleft that we use for most GNU software is "
"the GNU General Public License, or GNU GPL for short. We have other kinds "
"of copyleft that are used in specific circumstances. GNU manuals are "
"copylefted also, but use a much simpler kind of copyleft, because the "
-"complexity of the GNU GPL is not necessary for manuals.(2)"
+"complexity of the GNU GPL is not necessary for manuals. <a href="
+"\"#ft4\">[4]</a>"
msgstr ""
"La implementació especÃfica del copyleft que utilitzem per a la majoria del
"
"programari GNU és la Llicència Pública General GNU (GNU GPL
abreujadament). "
@@ -930,37 +1073,34 @@
"més simple, donat que la complexitat de la GNU GPL no és necessà ria per
als "
"manuals. (2)"
-#. type: Content of: <p>
-msgid ""
-"(1) In 1984 or 1985, Don Hopkins (a very imaginative fellow) mailed me a "
-"letter. On the envelope he had written several amusing sayings, including "
-"this one: “Copyleft—all rights reversed.” I used the word "
-"“copyleft” to name the distribution concept I was developing at "
-"the time."
-msgstr ""
-"(1) El 1984 o 1985, Don Hopkins (un paio molt imaginatiu) em va enviar una "
-"carta. Al sobre havia escrit diverses notes divertides, incloent-hi aquesta: "
-"<cite>«Copyleft – all rights reversed.»</cite> Vaig emprar el mot "
-"«copyleft» per nombrar el concepte de distribució que estava desenvolupant
"
-"en aquell moment."
-
-#. type: Content of: <p>
-msgid ""
-"(2) We now use the <a href=\"/licenses/fdl.html\">GNU Free Documentation "
-"License</a> for documentation."
-msgstr ""
-"(2) Ara utilitzem la <a href=\"/licenses/fdl.html\">Llicència de "
-"Documentació Lliure de GNU</a> per a la documentació."
-
-#. type: Content of: <h3>
+#. type: Content of: <div><h3>
msgid "The Free Software Foundation"
msgstr "La Free Software Foundation"
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
+# | As interest in using Emacs was growing, other people became involved in
+# | the GNU project, and we decided that it was time to seek funding once
+# | again. So in 1985 we created the <a
+# | href=\"http{+s+}://www.fsf.org/\">Free Software Foundation</a> (FSF), a
+# | tax-exempt charity for free software development. The <abbr title=\"Free
+# | Software Foundation\">FSF</abbr> also took over the Emacs tape
+# | distribution business; later it extended this by adding other free
+# | software (both GNU and non-GNU) to the tape, and by selling free manuals
+# | as well.
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "As interest in using Emacs was growing, other people became involved in "
+#| "the GNU project, and we decided that it was time to seek funding once "
+#| "again. So in 1985 we created the <a href=\"http://www.fsf.org/\";>Free "
+#| "Software Foundation</a> (FSF), a tax-exempt charity for free software "
+#| "development. The <abbr title=\"Free Software Foundation\">FSF</abbr> "
+#| "also took over the Emacs tape distribution business; later it extended "
+#| "this by adding other free software (both GNU and non-GNU) to the tape, "
+#| "and by selling free manuals as well."
msgid ""
"As interest in using Emacs was growing, other people became involved in the "
"GNU project, and we decided that it was time to seek funding once again. So "
-"in 1985 we created the <a href=\"http://www.fsf.org/\";>Free Software "
+"in 1985 we created the <a href=\"https://www.fsf.org/\";>Free Software "
"Foundation</a> (FSF), a tax-exempt charity for free software development. "
"The <abbr title=\"Free Software Foundation\">FSF</abbr> also took over the "
"Emacs tape distribution business; later it extended this by adding other "
@@ -975,16 +1115,37 @@
"negoci de distribució de les cintes amb l'Emacs (més tard s'hi va afegir "
"altre programari lliure (bé GNU o no GNU) ) i la venda de manuals lliures. "
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
+# | Most of the FSF's income used to come from sales of copies of free
+# | software and of other related services (CD-ROMs of source code, CD-ROMs
+# | with binaries, nicely printed manuals, all with the freedom to
+# | redistribute and modify), and Deluxe Distributions (distributions for
+# | which we built the whole collection of software for the customer's choice
+# | of platform). Today the FSF still <a href=\"http{+s+}://shop.fsf.org/\">
+# | sells manuals and other gear</a>, but it gets the bulk of its funding from
+# | members' dues. You can join the FSF at <a
+# | [-href=\"http://fsf.org/join\";>fsf.org</a>.-]
+# | {+href=\"https://my.fsf.org/join\";>fsf.org</a>.+}
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "Most of the FSF's income used to come from sales of copies of free "
+#| "software and of other related services (CD-ROMs of source code, CD-ROMs "
+#| "with binaries, nicely printed manuals, all with the freedom to "
+#| "redistribute and modify), and Deluxe Distributions (distributions for "
+#| "which we built the whole collection of software for the customer's choice "
+#| "of platform). Today the FSF still <a href=\"http://shop.fsf.org/\";> "
+#| "sells manuals and other gear</a>, but it gets the bulk of its funding "
+#| "from members' dues. You can join the FSF at <a href=\"http://fsf.org/join";
+#| "\">fsf.org</a>."
msgid ""
"Most of the FSF's income used to come from sales of copies of free software "
"and of other related services (CD-ROMs of source code, CD-ROMs with "
"binaries, nicely printed manuals, all with the freedom to redistribute and "
"modify), and Deluxe Distributions (distributions for which we built the "
"whole collection of software for the customer's choice of platform). Today "
-"the FSF still <a href=\"http://shop.fsf.org/\";> sells manuals and other "
+"the FSF still <a href=\"https://shop.fsf.org/\";> sells manuals and other "
"gear</a>, but it gets the bulk of its funding from members' dues. You can "
-"join the FSF at <a href=\"http://fsf.org/join\";>fsf.org</a>."
+"join the FSF at <a href=\"https://my.fsf.org/join\";>fsf.org</a>."
msgstr ""
"La majoria dels ingressos de la FSF han provingut sempre de les vendes de "
"còpies de programari lliure i d'altres serveis relacionats (CD-ROMs amb el "
@@ -996,7 +1157,24 @@
"de les donacions dels membres. Podeu unir-vos a la FSF a <a href=\"http://";
"fsf.org/join\">fsf.org</a>."
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
+# | Free Software Foundation employees have written and maintained a number of
+# | GNU software packages. Two notable ones are the C library and the shell.
+# | The GNU C library is what every program running on a GNU/Linux system uses
+# | to communicate with Linux. It was developed by a member of the Free
+# | Software Foundation staff, Roland McGrath. The shell used on most
+# | GNU/Linux systems is <abbr title=\"Bourne Again Shell\">BASH</abbr>, the
+# | Bourne Again [-Shell(1),-] {+SHell <a href=\"#ft5\">[5]</a>,+} which
+# | was developed by FSF employee Brian Fox.
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "Free Software Foundation employees have written and maintained a number "
+#| "of GNU software packages. Two notable ones are the C library and the "
+#| "shell. The GNU C library is what every program running on a GNU/Linux "
+#| "system uses to communicate with Linux. It was developed by a member of "
+#| "the Free Software Foundation staff, Roland McGrath. The shell used on "
+#| "most GNU/Linux systems is <abbr title=\"Bourne Again Shell\">BASH</abbr>, "
+#| "the Bourne Again Shell(1), which was developed by FSF employee Brian Fox."
msgid ""
"Free Software Foundation employees have written and maintained a number of "
"GNU software packages. Two notable ones are the C library and the shell. "
@@ -1004,7 +1182,8 @@
"to communicate with Linux. It was developed by a member of the Free "
"Software Foundation staff, Roland McGrath. The shell used on most GNU/Linux "
"systems is <abbr title=\"Bourne Again Shell\">BASH</abbr>, the Bourne Again "
-"Shell(1), which was developed by FSF employee Brian Fox."
+"SHell <a href=\"#ft5\">[5]</a>, which was developed by FSF employee "
+"Brian Fox."
msgstr ""
"Els treballadors de la FSF han escrit i mantingut un nombre de paquets de "
"programari GNU. Dos exemples notables són la biblioteca C i la shell. La "
@@ -1015,7 +1194,7 @@
"<cite>Bourne Again Shell</cite> (1), desenvolupada per Brian Fox, "
"treballador de la FSF."
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"We funded development of these programs because the GNU Project was not just "
"about tools or a development environment. Our goal was a complete operating "
@@ -1026,19 +1205,11 @@
"un sistema operatiu complet, i tots aquests programes eren necessaris per a "
"assolir aquest objectiu."
-#. type: Content of: <p>
-msgid ""
-"(1) “Bourne Again Shell” is a play on the name “Bourne "
-"Shell”, which was the usual shell on Unix."
-msgstr ""
-"(1) <cite>Bourne again Shell</cite> és un acudit del nom <cite>Bourne
Shell</"
-"cite>, que era la shell usual a Unix."
-
-#. type: Content of: <h3>
+#. type: Content of: <div><h3>
msgid "Free software support"
msgstr "Suport al programari lliure"
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"The free software philosophy rejects a specific widespread business "
"practice, but it is not against business. When businesses respect the "
@@ -1048,7 +1219,7 @@
"à mpliament estesa, però en cap cas està en contra de les empreses. Quan
les "
"empreses respecten els drets dels usuaris els desitgem sort."
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"Selling copies of Emacs demonstrates one kind of free software business. "
"When the FSF took over that business, I needed another way to make a "
@@ -1064,7 +1235,7 @@
"programar el GNU Emacs, com personalitzar el GCC, desenvolupament de "
"programari (portar GCC a noves plataformes)."
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"Today each of these kinds of free software business is practiced by a number "
"of corporations. Some distribute free software collections on CD-ROM; "
@@ -1079,14 +1250,33 @@
"noves funcionalitats importants. Estem començant a veure empreses de "
"programari lliure basades en llençar nous productes de programari."
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
+# | Watch out, though—a number of companies that associate themselves
+# | with the term “open source” actually base their business on
+# | nonfree software that works with free software. These are not free
+# | software companies, they are proprietary software companies whose products
+# | tempt users away from freedom. They call these programs
+# | “value-added [-packages”,-] {+packages,”+} which shows
+# | the values they would like us to adopt: convenience above freedom. If we
+# | value freedom more, we should call them “freedom-subtracted”
+# | packages.
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "Watch out, though—a number of companies that associate themselves "
+#| "with the term “open source” actually base their business on "
+#| "nonfree software that works with free software. These are not free "
+#| "software companies, they are proprietary software companies whose "
+#| "products tempt users away from freedom. They call these programs “"
+#| "value-added packages”, which shows the values they would like us to "
+#| "adopt: convenience above freedom. If we value freedom more, we should "
+#| "call them “freedom-subtracted” packages."
msgid ""
"Watch out, though—a number of companies that associate themselves with "
"the term “open source” actually base their business on nonfree "
"software that works with free software. These are not free software "
"companies, they are proprietary software companies whose products tempt "
"users away from freedom. They call these programs “value-added "
-"packages”, which shows the values they would like us to adopt: "
+"packages,” which shows the values they would like us to adopt: "
"convenience above freedom. If we value freedom more, we should call them "
"“freedom-subtracted” packages."
msgstr ""
@@ -1099,11 +1289,11 @@
"drets. Si valorem més els drets, haurÃem d'anomenar-los productes "
"«limitadors de drets»."
-#. type: Content of: <h3>
+#. type: Content of: <div><h3>
msgid "Technical goals"
msgstr "Objectius tècnics"
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"The principal goal of GNU is to be free software. Even if GNU had no "
"technical advantage over Unix, it would have a social advantage, allowing "
@@ -1114,7 +1304,7 @@
"Unix, tindria avantatges socials al permetre la cooperació entre usuaris, i "
"avantatges de tipus ètic al respectar els drets dels usuaris."
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"But it was natural to apply the known standards of good practice to the "
"work—for example, dynamically allocating data structures to avoid "
@@ -1126,7 +1316,7 @@
"lÃmit arbitrà riament fixades i utilitzar tots els codis de 8 bits possibles
"
"on això tingués sentit."
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"In addition, we rejected the Unix focus on small memory size, by deciding "
"not to support 16-bit machines (it was clear that 32-bit machines would be "
@@ -1144,7 +1334,7 @@
"animar als programadors a que es llegÃs el fitxer dins el nucli, i llavors "
"escanejar els seus components sense haver-se de preocupar de l'E/S. "
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"These decisions enabled many GNU programs to surpass their Unix counterparts "
"in reliability and speed."
@@ -1152,11 +1342,11 @@
"Aquestes decisions permeteren a molts programes GNU de millorar els seus "
"homònims Unix en fiabilitat i velocitat."
-#. type: Content of: <h3>
+#. type: Content of: <div><h3>
msgid "Donated computers"
msgstr "Ordinadors donats"
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"As the GNU Project's reputation grew, people began offering to donate "
"machines running Unix to the project. These were very useful, because the "
@@ -1170,7 +1360,7 @@
"els components d'aquell sistema un a un. Però fou llavors quan aparegué una
"
"qüestió ètica: si era lÃcit utilitzar el Unix."
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"Unix was (and is) proprietary software, and the GNU Project's philosophy "
"said that we should not use proprietary software. But, applying the same "
@@ -1187,7 +1377,7 @@
"substituïen i que ajudarien a la resta a deixar d'utilitzar el paquet "
"propietari."
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"But, even if this was a justifiable evil, it was still an evil. Today we no "
"longer have any copies of Unix, because we have replaced them with free "
@@ -1199,11 +1389,11 @@
"operatius lliures. Si no podem canviar el sistema operatiu de la mà quina, "
"canviem la mà quina."
-#. type: Content of: <h3>
+#. type: Content of: <div><h3>
msgid "The GNU Task List"
msgstr "La llista de tasques del GNU"
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"As the GNU Project proceeded, and increasing numbers of system components "
"were found or developed, eventually it became useful to make a list of the "
@@ -1221,13 +1411,27 @@
"faltaven vam fer una llista d'altre programari útil i documentació que, "
"creiem, un sistema operatiu complet havia de tenir."
-#. type: Content of: <p>
-msgid ""
-"Today (1), hardly any Unix components are left in the GNU Task List—"
-"those jobs had been done, aside from a few inessential ones. But the list "
-"is full of projects that some might call “applications”. Any "
-"program that appeals to more than a narrow class of users would be a useful "
-"thing to add to an operating system."
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
+# | [-Today (1),-]{+Today <a href=\"#ft6\">[6]</a>,+} hardly any Unix
+# | components are left in the GNU Task List—those jobs had been done,
+# | aside from a few inessential ones. But the list is full of projects that
+# | some might call [-“applications”.-]
+# | {+“applications.”+} Any program that appeals to more than a
+# | narrow class of users would be a useful thing to add to an operating
+# | system.
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "Today (1), hardly any Unix components are left in the GNU Task List—"
+#| "those jobs had been done, aside from a few inessential ones. But the "
+#| "list is full of projects that some might call “"
+#| "applications”. Any program that appeals to more than a narrow "
+#| "class of users would be a useful thing to add to an operating system."
+msgid ""
+"Today <a href=\"#ft6\">[6]</a>, hardly any Unix components are left in "
+"the GNU Task List—those jobs had been done, aside from a few "
+"inessential ones. But the list is full of projects that some might call "
+"“applications.” Any program that appeals to more than a narrow "
+"class of users would be a useful thing to add to an operating system."
msgstr ""
"Actualment (1), gairebé tots els components Unix han deixat d'estar a "
"la llista de tasques del GNU: ja han estat fets, llevat d'alguns que no eren "
@@ -1236,7 +1440,7 @@
"d'usuaris prou important és un programa potencial d'afegir al sistema "
"operatiu."
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"Even games are included in the task list—and have been since the "
"beginning. Unix included games, so naturally GNU should too. But "
@@ -1250,35 +1454,32 @@
"llista de jocs que Unix tenia. En comptes d'això vam fer una llista de "
"diferents tipus de jocs als que els usuaris els agradaria."
-#. type: Content of: <p>
-msgid ""
-"(1) That was written in 1998. In 2009 we no longer maintain a long task "
-"list. The community develops free software so fast that we can't even keep "
-"track of it all. Instead, we have a list of High Priority Projects, a much "
-"shorter list of projects we really want to encourage people to write."
-msgstr ""
-"(1) Això es va escriure el 1998. Al 2009 ja no mantenim una llarga llista "
-"de tasques. La comunitat desenvolupa programari lliure tan rà pidament que no
"
-"podem fer-ne un seguiment total. En lloc d'això, tenim una llista de "
-"Projectes d'Alta Prioritat, molt més curta, amb els projectes que realment "
-"volem que la gent faci realitat."
-
-#. type: Content of: <h3>
+#. type: Content of: <div><h3>
msgid "The GNU Library GPL"
msgstr "La GPL per a Biblioteques de GNU"
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
+# | The GNU C library uses a special kind of copyleft called the GNU Library
+# | General Public [-License(1),-] {+License <a href=\"#ft7\">[7]</a>,+}
+# | which gives permission to link proprietary software with the library. Why
+# | make this exception?
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "The GNU C library uses a special kind of copyleft called the GNU Library "
+#| "General Public License(1), which gives permission to link proprietary "
+#| "software with the library. Why make this exception?"
msgid ""
"The GNU C library uses a special kind of copyleft called the GNU Library "
-"General Public License(1), which gives permission to link proprietary "
-"software with the library. Why make this exception?"
+"General Public License <a href=\"#ft7\">[7]</a>, which gives "
+"permission to link proprietary software with the library. Why make this "
+"exception?"
msgstr ""
"La Biblioteca C GNU fa servir un tipus especial de copyleft anomenat "
"Llicència Pública General per a Biblioteques GNU (1), que dóna dret a
"
"enllaçar programari propietari amb la biblioteca. Per què vam fer aquesta "
"excepció?"
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"It is not a matter of principle; there is no principle that says proprietary "
"software products are entitled to include our code. (Why contribute to a "
@@ -1291,7 +1492,7 @@
"nosaltres?). L'ús de la LGPL per a la Biblioteca C, o per a qualsevol altra "
"biblioteca, és una qüestió d'estratègia."
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"The C library does a generic job; every proprietary system or compiler comes "
"with a C library. Therefore, to make our C library available only to free "
@@ -1303,7 +1504,7 @@
"disponible només per al programari lliure no hauria donat al programari "
"lliure cap avantatge (només n'hauria desincentivat l'ús)"
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"One system is an exception to this: on the GNU system (and this includes GNU/"
"Linux), the GNU C library is the only C library. So the distribution terms "
@@ -1324,7 +1525,7 @@
"raó perquè l'ús de la GPL per a Biblioteques sigui una bona estratègia
per a "
"la Biblioteca C. "
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"For other libraries, the strategic decision needs to be considered on a case-"
"by-case basis. When a library does a special job that can help write "
@@ -1339,7 +1540,7 @@
"altres desenvolupadors de programari lliure, donant-los un avantatge "
"respecte el programari propietari."
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"Consider GNU Readline, a library that was developed to provide command-line "
"editing for BASH. Readline is released under the ordinary GNU GPL, not the "
@@ -1356,7 +1557,7 @@
"especÃficament programari lliure i pot fer servir Readline, i això és un "
"guany real per a la comunitat."
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"Proprietary software developers have the advantages money provides; free "
"software developers need to make advantages for each other. I hope some day "
@@ -1373,24 +1574,11 @@
"programari lliure, i afegint majors avantatges per al posterior "
"desenvolupament de més programari lliure."
-#. type: Content of: <p>
-msgid ""
-"(1) This license is now called the GNU Lesser General Public License, to "
-"avoid giving the idea that all libraries ought to use it. See <a href=\"/"
-"philosophy/why-not-lgpl.html\">Why you shouldn't use the Lesser GPL for your "
-"next library</a> for more information."
-msgstr ""
-"(1) Aquesta llicència s'anomena ara Llicència Pública General Reduïda de "
-"GNU, per no donar la idea que totes les biblioteques hagin d'utilitzar-la. "
-"Vegeu <a href=\"/philosophy/why-not-lgpl.html\">Per què no haurÃeu "
-"d'utilitzar la Llicència Pública General Reduïda per a la vostra pròxima "
-"biblioteca</a> per a més informació."
-
-#. type: Content of: <h3>
+#. type: Content of: <div><h3>
msgid "Scratching an itch?"
msgstr "Una tasca improvisada?"
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"Eric Raymond says that “Every good work of software starts by "
"scratching a developer's personal itch.” Maybe that happens sometimes, "
@@ -1405,7 +1593,7 @@
"sistema operatiu lliure complet. Van ser el fruit d'una planificació prèvia
"
"i no d'un impuls espontani."
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"For example, we developed the GNU C library because a Unix-like system needs "
"a C library, BASH because a Unix-like system needs a shell, and GNU tar "
@@ -1419,7 +1607,7 @@
"és cert per els meus propis programes, el compilador GNU C, el GNU Emacs, "
"GDB i el GNU Make."
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"Some GNU programs were developed to cope with specific threats to our "
"freedom. Thus, we developed gzip to replace the Compress program, which had "
@@ -1442,7 +1630,7 @@
"un programa popular de xifratge no lliure de manera que els usuaris no hagin "
"de triar entre privacitat i llibertat."
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"Of course, the people writing these programs became interested in the work, "
"and many features were added to them by various people for the sake of their "
@@ -1453,11 +1641,11 @@
"amb els seus interessos i necessitats. Però això no explica el perquè els "
"programes existeixen."
-#. type: Content of: <h3>
+#. type: Content of: <div><h3>
msgid "Unexpected developments"
msgstr "Successos inesperats"
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"At the beginning of the GNU Project, I imagined that we would develop the "
"whole GNU system, then release it as a whole. That is not how it happened."
@@ -1466,7 +1654,7 @@
"complet i llavors el llençarÃem com a conjunt. Aquesta no ha estat la "
"realitat."
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"Since each component of the GNU system was implemented on a Unix system, "
"each component could run on Unix systems long before a complete GNU system "
@@ -1480,7 +1668,7 @@
"usuaris van començar a fer extensions i a portar-los a les diferents "
"versions de Unix incompatibles entre elles i a d'altres sistemes."
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"The process made these programs much more powerful, and attracted both funds "
"and contributors to the GNU Project. But it probably also delayed "
@@ -1496,11 +1684,11 @@
"afegint funcionalitats als components existents, disminuint el temps "
"disponible per a escriure components que faltaven. "
-#. type: Content of: <h3>
+#. type: Content of: <div><h3>
msgid "The GNU Hurd"
msgstr "El GNU Hurd"
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"By 1990, the GNU system was almost complete; the only major missing "
"component was the kernel. We had decided to implement our kernel as a "
@@ -1521,7 +1709,7 @@
"posposar fins que el Mach fos llençat com a programari lliure, tal com ens "
"havien promès."
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"One reason for choosing this design was to avoid what seemed to be the "
"hardest part of the job: debugging a kernel program without a source-level "
@@ -1540,11 +1728,11 @@
"resultar ser molt complicats de depurar. Fer que el Hurd treballés "
"fiablement fou una tasca de força anys. "
-#. type: Content of: <h3>
+#. type: Content of: <div><h3>
msgid "Alix"
msgstr "Alix"
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"The GNU kernel was not originally supposed to be called the Hurd. Its "
"original name was Alix—named after the woman who was my sweetheart at "
@@ -1561,7 +1749,7 @@
"però vaig decidir donar-li una sorpresa anomenant Alix el nucli en el que "
"treballava."
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"It did not stay that way. Michael (now Thomas) Bushnell, the main developer "
"of the kernel, preferred the name Hurd, and redefined Alix to refer to a "
@@ -1573,7 +1761,7 @@
"com la part del nucli que atrapava les crides al sistema i les canalitzava "
"enviant missatges als servidors Hurd."
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"Later, Alix and I broke up, and she changed her name; independently, the "
"Hurd design was changed so that the C library would send messages directly "
@@ -1584,7 +1772,7 @@
"la biblioteca C enviaria els missatges directament del servidor, cosa que "
"provocà que el component Alix desaparegués."
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"But before these things happened, a friend of hers came across the name Alix "
"in the Hurd source code, and mentioned it to her. So she did have the "
@@ -1593,11 +1781,11 @@
"Però abans que aquestes coses passaren, un amic d'ella va veure el nom "
"d'Alix al codi font de Hurd i li va esmentar. El nom va fer la seva tasca."
-#. type: Content of: <h3>
+#. type: Content of: <div><h3>
msgid "Linux and GNU/Linux"
msgstr "Linux i GNU/Linux"
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"The GNU Hurd is not suitable for production use, and we don't know if it "
"ever will be. The capability-based design has problems that result directly "
@@ -1609,7 +1797,7 @@
"provenen directament de la flexibilitat del disseny, i no està clar si hi ha
"
"solucions."
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"Fortunately, another kernel is available. In 1991, Linus Torvalds developed "
"a Unix-compatible kernel and called it Linux. It was proprietary at first, "
@@ -1626,12 +1814,26 @@
"grà cies a Linux que realment podem executar una versió del sistema GNU "
"actualment."
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
+# | We call this system version <a href=\"/gnu/linux-and-gnu.html\">
+# | GNU/Linux</a>, to express its composition as a combination of the GNU
+# | system with Linux as the kernel. Please don't fall into the practice of
+# | calling the whole system [-“Linux”,-] {+“Linux,”+}
+# | since that means attributing our work to someone else. Please <a
+# | href=\"/gnu/gnu-linux-faq.html\"> give us equal mention</a>.
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "We call this system version <a href=\"/gnu/linux-and-gnu.html\"> GNU/"
+#| "Linux</a>, to express its composition as a combination of the GNU system "
+#| "with Linux as the kernel. Please don't fall into the practice of calling "
+#| "the whole system “Linux”, since that means attributing our "
+#| "work to someone else. Please <a href=\"/gnu/gnu-linux-faq.html\"> give "
+#| "us equal mention</a>."
msgid ""
"We call this system version <a href=\"/gnu/linux-and-gnu.html\"> GNU/Linux</"
"a>, to express its composition as a combination of the GNU system with Linux "
"as the kernel. Please don't fall into the practice of calling the whole "
-"system “Linux”, since that means attributing our work to someone "
+"system “Linux,” since that means attributing our work to someone "
"else. Please <a href=\"/gnu/gnu-linux-faq.html\"> give us equal mention</a>."
msgstr ""
"Anomenem a aquesta versió del sistema <a href=\"/gnu/linux-and-gnu.html\"> "
@@ -1640,11 +1842,11 @@
"sistema, ja que implica atribuir a algú altre la nostra feina: <a href=\"/"
"gnu/gnu-linux-faq.html\">mencioneu-nos de manera justa</a>."
-#. type: Content of: <h3>
+#. type: Content of: <div><h3>
msgid "Challenges in our future"
msgstr " Desafiaments futurs"
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"We have proved our ability to develop a broad spectrum of free software. "
"This does not mean we are invincible and unstoppable. Several challenges "
@@ -1660,15 +1862,15 @@
"que pot durar anys. Caldrà que la gent mostri quant valora la seva llibertat
"
"i no que deixa que ningú se la prengui."
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid "The following four sections discuss these challenges."
msgstr "Els propers quatre apartats parlen sobre aquestes amenaces."
-#. type: Content of: <h3>
+#. type: Content of: <div><h3>
msgid "Secret hardware"
msgstr " Especificacions secretes de maquinari"
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"Hardware manufacturers increasingly tend to keep hardware specifications "
"secret. This makes it difficult to write free drivers so that Linux and "
@@ -1681,7 +1883,7 @@
"components. Tenim sistemes lliures complets actualment, però pot ser que no "
"els tinguem en un futur si no tenim suport per als ordinadors del demà ."
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"There are two ways to cope with this problem. Programmers can do reverse "
"engineering to figure out how to support the hardware. The rest of us can "
@@ -1694,14 +1896,29 @@
"anem creixent, el secretisme de les especificacions és una estratègia "
"ruïnosa."
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
+# | Reverse engineering is a big job; will we have programmers with sufficient
+# | determination to undertake it? Yes—if we have built up a strong
+# | feeling that free software is a matter of principle, and nonfree drivers
+# | are intolerable. And will large numbers of us spend extra money, or even
+# | a little extra time, so we can use free drivers? Yes, if the determination
+# | to have freedom is [-widespread.-] {+widespread. <a
+# | href=\"#ft8\">[8]</a>+}
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "Reverse engineering is a big job; will we have programmers with "
+#| "sufficient determination to undertake it? Yes—if we have built up a "
+#| "strong feeling that free software is a matter of principle, and nonfree "
+#| "drivers are intolerable. And will large numbers of us spend extra money, "
+#| "or even a little extra time, so we can use free drivers? Yes, if the "
+#| "determination to have freedom is widespread."
msgid ""
"Reverse engineering is a big job; will we have programmers with sufficient "
"determination to undertake it? Yes—if we have built up a strong "
"feeling that free software is a matter of principle, and nonfree drivers are "
"intolerable. And will large numbers of us spend extra money, or even a "
"little extra time, so we can use free drivers? Yes, if the determination to "
-"have freedom is widespread."
+"have freedom is widespread. <a href=\"#ft8\">[8]</a>"
msgstr ""
"L'enginyeria inversa és una feinada: tindrem programadors amb prou "
"determinació per a dur-la a terme? SÃ, si hem creat l'opinió de què el "
@@ -1710,23 +1927,11 @@
"utilitzant drivers lliures? SÃ, si la determinació de donar drets i "
"llibertats és estesa. "
-#. type: Content of: <p>
-msgid ""
-"(2008 note: this issue extends to the BIOS as well. There is a free BIOS, "
-"<a href=\"http://www.libreboot.org/\";>LibreBoot</a> (a distribution of "
-"coreboot); the problem is getting specs for machines so that LibreBoot can "
-"support them without nonfree “blobs”.)"
-msgstr ""
-"(Nota de 2008: aquest problema s'aplica també a la BIOS. Existeix una BIOS "
-"lliure, <a href=\"http://www.libreboot.org/\";>LibreBoot</a> (una distribució
"
-"de coreboot; el problema és aconseguir especificacions de mà quines, de "
-"manera que pugui fer-les funcionar sense <cite>blobs</cite> no lliures)."
-
-#. type: Content of: <h3>
+#. type: Content of: <div><h3>
msgid "Nonfree libraries"
msgstr "Biblioteques no lliures"
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"A nonfree library that runs on free operating systems acts as a trap for "
"free software developers. The library's attractive features are the bait; "
@@ -1746,7 +1951,7 @@
"propietari esdevé popular, pot fer que altres programes caiguin a la mateixa
"
"trampa."
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"The first instance of this problem was the Motif toolkit, back in the 80s. "
"Although there were as yet no free operating systems, it was clear what "
@@ -1767,7 +1972,7 @@
"Hungry Programmers, va esdevenir prou potent per suportar la majoria "
"d'aplicacions Motif l'any 1997."
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"Between 1996 and 1998, another nonfree <abbr title=\"Graphical User Interface"
"\">GUI</abbr> toolkit library, called Qt, was used in a substantial "
@@ -1779,7 +1984,7 @@
"utilitzada en un conjunt substancial de programari lliure: l'escriptori "
"<abbr title=\"K Desktop Environment\">KDE</abbr>."
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"Free GNU/Linux systems were unable to use KDE, because we could not use the "
"library. However, some commercial distributors of GNU/Linux systems who "
@@ -1798,7 +2003,7 @@
"milions de nous «usuaris de Linux» mai van tenir en ment que hi havia un "
"problema darrera d'això. Aquesta situació semblava complicada. "
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"The free software community responded to the problem in two ways: GNOME and "
"Harmony."
@@ -1806,7 +2011,7 @@
"La comunitat de programari lliure va respondre al problema amb dues "
"alternatives: GNOME i Harmony."
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"GNOME, the GNU Network Object Model Environment, is GNU's desktop project. "
"Started in 1997 by Miguel de Icaza, and developed with the support of Red "
@@ -1824,7 +2029,7 @@
"la de donar llibertat i no haver de requerir l'ús de cap tipus de programari
"
"no lliure."
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"Harmony is a compatible replacement library, designed to make it possible to "
"run KDE software without using Qt."
@@ -1832,13 +2037,28 @@
"Harmony és una biblioteca de substitució, dissenyada per fer possible "
"l'execució del programari KDE sense fer ús de Qt."
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
+# | In November 1998, the developers of Qt announced a change of license
+# | which, when carried out, should make Qt free software. There is no way to
+# | be sure, but I think that this was partly due to the community's firm
+# | response to the problem that Qt posed when it was nonfree. (The new
+# | license is inconvenient and inequitable, so it remains desirable to avoid
+# | using [-Qt.)-] {+Qt. <a href=\"#ft9\">[9]</a>)+}
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "In November 1998, the developers of Qt announced a change of license "
+#| "which, when carried out, should make Qt free software. There is no way "
+#| "to be sure, but I think that this was partly due to the community's firm "
+#| "response to the problem that Qt posed when it was nonfree. (The new "
+#| "license is inconvenient and inequitable, so it remains desirable to avoid "
+#| "using Qt.)"
msgid ""
"In November 1998, the developers of Qt announced a change of license which, "
"when carried out, should make Qt free software. There is no way to be sure, "
"but I think that this was partly due to the community's firm response to the "
"problem that Qt posed when it was nonfree. (The new license is inconvenient "
-"and inequitable, so it remains desirable to avoid using Qt.)"
+"and inequitable, so it remains desirable to avoid using Qt. <a href="
+"\"#ft9\">[9]</a>)"
msgstr ""
"El novembre de 1998 els desenvolupadors de Qt van anunciar un canvi a la "
"polÃtica de llicències, que un cop dut a terme, faria que Qt fos programari
"
@@ -1848,15 +2068,7 @@
"equitativa ni prou bona, per la qual cosa continua sent desitjable evitar "
"l'ús de Qt."
-#. type: Content of: <p>
-msgid ""
-"[Subsequent note: in September 2000, Qt was rereleased under the GNU GPL, "
-"which essentially solved this problem.]"
-msgstr ""
-"[Nota posterior: al setembre de 2000, es va publicar Qt sota la GNU GPL, fet "
-"que essencialment va resoldre aquest problema.]"
-
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"How will we respond to the next tempting nonfree library? Will the whole "
"community understand the need to stay out of the trap? Or will many of us "
@@ -1869,20 +2081,21 @@
"conveniència i provocarem aixà un greu problema? El nostre futur depèn de
la "
"filosofia que apliquem."
-#. type: Content of: <h3>
+#. type: Content of: <div><h3>
msgid "Software patents"
msgstr "Patents de programari"
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
# | The worst threat we face comes from software patents, which can put
# | algorithms and features off limits to free software for up to twenty
# | years. The LZW compression algorithm patents were applied for in 1983,
# | and we still cannot release free software to produce proper compressed
-# | <abbr title=\"Graphics Interchange Format\">GIF</abbr>s. [As of 2009 they
-# | have expired.] In 1998, a free program to produce <abbr title=\"MPEG-1
-# | Audio Layer 3\">MP3</abbr> compressed audio was removed from distribution
-# | under threat of a patent suit. {+[As of 2017, these patents have expired.
-# | Look how long we had to wait.]+}
+# | <abbr title=\"Graphics Interchange [-Format\">GIF</abbr>s. [As of 2009
+# | they have expired.]-] {+Format\">GIF</abbr>s. <a
+# | href=\"#ft10\">[10]</a>+} In 1998, a free program to produce <abbr
+# | title=\"MPEG-1 Audio Layer 3\">MP3</abbr> compressed audio was removed
+# | from distribution under threat of a patent [-suit.-] {+suit. <a
+# | href=\"#ft11\">[11]</a>+}
#, fuzzy
#| msgid ""
#| "The worst threat we face comes from software patents, which can put "
@@ -1898,11 +2111,10 @@
"algorithms and features off limits to free software for up to twenty years. "
"The LZW compression algorithm patents were applied for in 1983, and we still "
"cannot release free software to produce proper compressed <abbr title="
-"\"Graphics Interchange Format\">GIF</abbr>s. [As of 2009 they have "
-"expired.] In 1998, a free program to produce <abbr title=\"MPEG-1 Audio "
-"Layer 3\">MP3</abbr> compressed audio was removed from distribution under "
-"threat of a patent suit. [As of 2017, these patents have expired. Look how "
-"long we had to wait.]"
+"\"Graphics Interchange Format\">GIF</abbr>s. <a href=\"#ft10\">[10]</"
+"a> In 1998, a free program to produce <abbr title=\"MPEG-1 Audio Layer "
+"3\">MP3</abbr> compressed audio was removed from distribution under threat "
+"of a patent suit. <a href=\"#ft11\">[11]</a>"
msgstr ""
"La pitjor amenaça que tenim prové de les patents de programari, que posen "
"fora de l'abast del programari lliure durant vint anys algorismes i "
@@ -1914,7 +2126,7 @@
"title=\"MPEG-1 Audio Layer 3\">MP3</abbr> va haver de ser eliminat de la "
"distribució per l'amenaça d'un procés judicial."
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
# | There are ways to cope with patents: we can search for evidence that a
# | patent is invalid, and we can look for alternative ways to do a job. But
# | each of these methods works only sometimes; when both fail, a patent may
@@ -1941,7 +2153,7 @@
"una patent pot forçar que tot el programari lliure no disposi d'una "
"funcionalitat que els usuaris volen. Què fem doncs si això passa?"
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"Those of us who value free software for freedom's sake will stay with free "
"software anyway. We will manage to get work done without the patented "
@@ -1961,11 +2173,11 @@
"desenvolupament «basar» i de la fiabilitat i potència d'alguns programes "
"lliures, no ens podem aturar aquÃ. Hem de parlar de drets i llibertats."
-#. type: Content of: <h3>
+#. type: Content of: <div><h3>
msgid "Free documentation"
msgstr "Documentació lliure"
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"The biggest deficiency in our free operating systems is not in the "
"software—it is the lack of good free manuals that we can include in "
@@ -1980,7 +2192,7 @@
"bon manual lliure, aquest paquet té una mancança greu. Tenim moltes "
"mancances d'aquest tipus actualment."
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"Free documentation, like free software, is a matter of freedom, not price. "
"The criterion for a free manual is pretty much the same as for free "
@@ -1995,7 +2207,7 @@
"manera electrònica o en format paper, per tal que el programa pugui "
"acompanyar cada còpia del programa."
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"Permission for modification is crucial too. As a general rule, I don't "
"believe that it is essential for people to have permission to modify all "
@@ -2009,7 +2221,7 @@
"permÃs per modificar articles com aquest, que descriu les nostres accions o "
"els nostres punts de vista."
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"But there is a particular reason why the freedom to modify is crucial for "
"documentation for free software. When people exercise their right to modify "
@@ -2028,7 +2240,7 @@
"ser curosos i els impedeixi acabar la seva tasca no és bo pels interessos de
"
"la comunitat."
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"Some kinds of limits on how modifications are done pose no problem. For "
"example, requirements to preserve the original author's copyright notice, "
@@ -2053,7 +2265,7 @@
"modificat. En altres paraules, no bloquegen a la comunitat de programari "
"lliure de fer un ús complet del manual. "
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"However, it must be possible to modify all the <em>technical</em> content of "
"the manual, and then distribute the result in all the usual media, through "
@@ -2066,7 +2278,7 @@
"restriccions de distribució afectarien la comunitat, farien que el manual no
"
"fos lliure i necessitarÃem un altre manual."
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"Will free software developers have the awareness and determination to "
"produce a full spectrum of free manuals? Once again, our future depends on "
@@ -2076,14 +2288,24 @@
"determinació per a produir un ampli espectre de manuals lliures? Un cop més
"
"el nostre futur depèn de la filosofia que apliquem."
-#. type: Content of: <h3>
+#. type: Content of: <div><h3>
msgid "We must talk about freedom"
msgstr " Hem de parlar de llibertat"
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
+# | Estimates today are that there are ten million users of GNU/Linux systems
+# | such as Debian GNU/Linux and Red Hat [-“Linux”.-]
+# | {+“Linux.”+} Free software has developed such practical
+# | advantages that users are flocking to it for purely practical reasons.
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "Estimates today are that there are ten million users of GNU/Linux systems "
+#| "such as Debian GNU/Linux and Red Hat “Linux”. Free software "
+#| "has developed such practical advantages that users are flocking to it for "
+#| "purely practical reasons."
msgid ""
"Estimates today are that there are ten million users of GNU/Linux systems "
-"such as Debian GNU/Linux and Red Hat “Linux”. Free software has "
+"such as Debian GNU/Linux and Red Hat “Linux.” Free software has "
"developed such practical advantages that users are flocking to it for purely "
"practical reasons."
msgstr ""
@@ -2092,7 +2314,7 @@
"avantatges prà ctiques que han fet que els usuaris migrin a aquests sistemes "
"per raons purament prà ctiques."
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"The good consequences of this are evident: more interest in developing free "
"software, more customers for free software businesses, and more ability to "
@@ -2105,7 +2327,7 @@
"empreses a desenvolupar programari lliure en comptes de programari de "
"carà cter propietari."
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"But interest in the software is growing faster than awareness of the "
"philosophy it is based on, and this leads to trouble. Our ability to meet "
@@ -2120,7 +2342,7 @@
"de què la nostra comunitat vol defendre-la, cal que difonguem la idea als "
"nous usuaris per a que s'uneixin a la comunitat."
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"But we are failing to do so: the efforts to attract new users into our "
"community are far outstripping the efforts to teach them the civics of our "
@@ -2132,11 +2354,11 @@
"cÃvic que hi ha darrera la nostra comunicat. Hem de fer ambdues coses i cal "
"que ambdues es desenvolupin harmoniosament."
-#. type: Content of: <h3>
+#. type: Content of: <div><h3>
msgid "“Open Source”"
msgstr "«Codi obert»"
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"Teaching new users about freedom became more difficult in 1998, when a part "
"of the community decided to stop using the term “free software” "
@@ -2146,7 +2368,7 @@
"partir de 1998 quan una part de la comunitat va decidir deixar de fer servir "
"el terme «programari lliure» i utilitzar el terme «codi obert»."
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"Some who favored this term aimed to avoid the confusion of “"
"free” with “gratis”—a valid goal. Others, however, "
@@ -2167,7 +2389,7 @@
"gran qualitat i prestacions, però sense entrar en idees com la llibertat, el
"
"civisme i altres principis bà sics."
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"The “Linux” magazines are a clear example of this—they are "
"filled with advertisements for proprietary software that works with GNU/"
@@ -2180,7 +2402,7 @@
"revistes als programadors dels perills que això suposa o els faran tractes "
"especials?"
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"The support of business can contribute to the community in many ways; all "
"else being equal, it is useful. But winning their support by speaking even "
@@ -2192,12 +2414,24 @@
"ser un desastre. Fa que el desequilibri entre utilitarisme i civisme cada "
"cop es faci més gran."
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
+# | “Free software” and “open source” describe the
+# | same category of software, more or less, but say different things about
+# | the software, and about values. The GNU Project continues to use the term
+# | “free [-software”,-] {+software,”+} to express the idea
+# | that freedom, not just technology, is important.
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "“Free software” and “open source” describe the "
+#| "same category of software, more or less, but say different things about "
+#| "the software, and about values. The GNU Project continues to use the "
+#| "term “free software”, to express the idea that freedom, not "
+#| "just technology, is important."
msgid ""
"“Free software” and “open source” describe the same "
"category of software, more or less, but say different things about the "
"software, and about values. The GNU Project continues to use the term "
-"“free software”, to express the idea that freedom, not just "
+"“free software,” to express the idea that freedom, not just "
"technology, is important."
msgstr ""
"«Programari lliure» i «codi obert» descriuen més o menys la mateixa "
@@ -2206,11 +2440,11 @@
"utilitzant el terme «programari lliure», per a expressar la idea de que la "
"llibertat és tant o més important que la tecnologia."
-#. type: Content of: <h3>
+#. type: Content of: <div><h3>
msgid "Try!"
msgstr "Intenta-ho!"
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"Yoda's aphorism (“There is no ‘try’”) sounds neat, "
"but it doesn't work for me. I have done most of my work while anxious about "
@@ -2226,7 +2460,7 @@
"mateix entre els enemics i els meus objectius. I sorprenentment alguns cops "
"he tingut èxit."
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"Sometimes I failed; some of my cities have fallen. Then I found another "
"threatened city, and got ready for another battle. Over time, I've learned "
@@ -2239,7 +2473,7 @@
"posar-me entre ells i els meus ideals, cercant altres hackers a què "
"vinguessin i m'ajudessin."
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"Nowadays, often I'm not the only one. It is a relief and a joy when I see a "
"regiment of hackers digging in to hold the line, and I realize, this city "
@@ -2256,6 +2490,239 @@
"ho creieu! Si voleu mantenir la vostra llibertat heu d'estar preparats per a "
"defendre-la."
+# type: Content of: <h4>
+#. type: Content of: <div><h3>
+# || No change detected. The change might only be in amounts of spaces.
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid "Footnotes"
+msgid "Footnotes"
+msgstr "Notes"
+
+#. type: Content of: <div><ol><li>
+# | [-(1)-]The use of “hacker” to mean “security
+# | breaker” is a confusion on the part of the mass media. We hackers
+# | refuse to recognize that meaning, and continue using the word to mean
+# | someone who loves to program, someone who enjoys playful cleverness, or
+# | the combination of the two. See my article, [-<a
+# | href=\"http://stallman.org/articles/on-hacking.html\";>On Hacking</a>.-]
+# | {+“<a href=\"https://stallman.org/articles/on-hacking.html\";>On
+# | Hacking</a>.”+}
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "(1) The use of “hacker” to mean “security "
+#| "breaker” is a confusion on the part of the mass media. We hackers "
+#| "refuse to recognize that meaning, and continue using the word to mean "
+#| "someone who loves to program, someone who enjoys playful cleverness, or "
+#| "the combination of the two. See my article, <a href=\"http://stallman.";
+#| "org/articles/on-hacking.html\">On Hacking</a>."
+msgid ""
+"The use of “hacker” to mean “security breaker” is a "
+"confusion on the part of the mass media. We hackers refuse to recognize "
+"that meaning, and continue using the word to mean someone who loves to "
+"program, someone who enjoys playful cleverness, or the combination of the "
+"two. See my article, “<a href=\"https://stallman.org/articles/on-";
+"hacking.html\">On Hacking</a>.”"
+msgstr ""
+"(1) L'ús de «hacker» com a «aquell qui trenca barreres de seguretat» és
una "
+"confusió per part de la premsa i els medis de comunicació. Nosaltres els "
+"hackers refusem aquesta accepció del terme, i continuem emprant el mot per "
+"designar aquell qui està enamorat de la programació, aquell que gaudeix
d'un "
+"enginy juganer o una combinació de les dues coses. Vegeu el meu article <a "
+"href=\"http://stallman.org/articles/on-hacking.html\";>Sobre el Hacking</a>."
+
+#. type: Content of: <div><ol><li>
+# | [-(1)-]As an Atheist, I don't follow any religious leaders, but I
+# | sometimes find I admire something one of them has said.
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "(1) As an Atheist, I don't follow any religious leaders, but I sometimes "
+#| "find I admire something one of them has said."
+msgid ""
+"As an Atheist, I don't follow any religious leaders, but I sometimes find I "
+"admire something one of them has said."
+msgstr ""
+"(1) Com a ateu, no estic sota les ordres de cap lÃder religiós, però a "
+"vegades admiro algunes coses del que diuen."
+
+#. type: Content of: <div><ol><li>
+# | [-(1)-]In 1984 or 1985, Don Hopkins (a very imaginative fellow) mailed me
+# | a letter. [-On-] {+<a href=\"/graphics/copyleft-sticker.html\">On+} the
+# | [-envelope-] {+envelope</a>+} he had written several amusing sayings,
+# | including this one: “Copyleft—all rights reversed.” I
+# | used the word “copyleft” to name the distribution concept I
+# | was developing at the time.
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "(1) In 1984 or 1985, Don Hopkins (a very imaginative fellow) mailed me a "
+#| "letter. On the envelope he had written several amusing sayings, "
+#| "including this one: “Copyleft—all rights reversed.” I "
+#| "used the word “copyleft” to name the distribution concept I "
+#| "was developing at the time."
+msgid ""
+"In 1984 or 1985, Don Hopkins (a very imaginative fellow) mailed me a "
+"letter. <a href=\"/graphics/copyleft-sticker.html\">On the envelope</a> he "
+"had written several amusing sayings, including this one: “"
+"Copyleft—all rights reversed.” I used the word “"
+"copyleft” to name the distribution concept I was developing at the "
+"time."
+msgstr ""
+"(1) El 1984 o 1985, Don Hopkins (un paio molt imaginatiu) em va enviar una "
+"carta. Al sobre havia escrit diverses notes divertides, incloent-hi aquesta: "
+"<cite>«Copyleft – all rights reversed.»</cite> Vaig emprar el mot "
+"«copyleft» per nombrar el concepte de distribució que estava desenvolupant
"
+"en aquell moment."
+
+#. type: Content of: <div><ol><li>
+# | [-(2)-]We now use the <a href=\"/licenses/fdl.html\">GNU Free
+# | Documentation License</a> for documentation.
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "(2) We now use the <a href=\"/licenses/fdl.html\">GNU Free Documentation "
+#| "License</a> for documentation."
+msgid ""
+"We now use the <a href=\"/licenses/fdl.html\">GNU Free Documentation "
+"License</a> for documentation."
+msgstr ""
+"(2) Ara utilitzem la <a href=\"/licenses/fdl.html\">Llicència de "
+"Documentació Lliure de GNU</a> per a la documentació."
+
+#. type: Content of: <div><ol><li>
+# | [-(1)-]“Bourne Again Shell” is a play on the name
+# | “Bourne [-Shell”,-] {+Shell,”+} which was the usual
+# | shell on Unix.
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "(1) “Bourne Again Shell” is a play on the name “Bourne "
+#| "Shell”, which was the usual shell on Unix."
+msgid ""
+"“Bourne Again Shell” is a play on the name “Bourne Shell,"
+"” which was the usual shell on Unix."
+msgstr ""
+"(1) <cite>Bourne again Shell</cite> és un acudit del nom <cite>Bourne
Shell</"
+"cite>, que era la shell usual a Unix."
+
+#. type: Content of: <div><ol><li>
+# | [-(1)-]That was written in 1998. In 2009 we no longer maintain a long
+# | task list. The community develops free software so fast that we can't
+# | even keep track of it all. Instead, we have a list of High Priority
+# | Projects, a much shorter list of projects we really want to encourage
+# | people to write.
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "(1) That was written in 1998. In 2009 we no longer maintain a long task "
+#| "list. The community develops free software so fast that we can't even "
+#| "keep track of it all. Instead, we have a list of High Priority Projects, "
+#| "a much shorter list of projects we really want to encourage people to "
+#| "write."
+msgid ""
+"That was written in 1998. In 2009 we no longer maintain a long task list. "
+"The community develops free software so fast that we can't even keep track "
+"of it all. Instead, we have a list of High Priority Projects, a much "
+"shorter list of projects we really want to encourage people to write."
+msgstr ""
+"(1) Això es va escriure el 1998. Al 2009 ja no mantenim una llarga llista "
+"de tasques. La comunitat desenvolupa programari lliure tan rà pidament que no
"
+"podem fer-ne un seguiment total. En lloc d'això, tenim una llista de "
+"Projectes d'Alta Prioritat, molt més curta, amb els projectes que realment "
+"volem que la gent faci realitat."
+
+#. type: Content of: <div><ol><li>
+# | [-(1)-]This license is now called the GNU Lesser General Public License,
+# | to avoid giving the idea that all libraries ought to use it. See <a
+# | href=\"/philosophy/why-not-lgpl.html\">Why you shouldn't use the Lesser
+# | GPL for your next library</a> for more information.
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "(1) This license is now called the GNU Lesser General Public License, to "
+#| "avoid giving the idea that all libraries ought to use it. See <a href=\"/"
+#| "philosophy/why-not-lgpl.html\">Why you shouldn't use the Lesser GPL for "
+#| "your next library</a> for more information."
+msgid ""
+"This license is now called the GNU Lesser General Public License, to avoid "
+"giving the idea that all libraries ought to use it. See <a href=\"/"
+"philosophy/why-not-lgpl.html\">Why you shouldn't use the Lesser GPL for your "
+"next library</a> for more information."
+msgstr ""
+"(1) Aquesta llicència s'anomena ara Llicència Pública General Reduïda de "
+"GNU, per no donar la idea que totes les biblioteques hagin d'utilitzar-la. "
+"Vegeu <a href=\"/philosophy/why-not-lgpl.html\">Per què no haurÃeu "
+"d'utilitzar la Llicència Pública General Reduïda per a la vostra pròxima "
+"biblioteca</a> per a més informació."
+
+#. type: Content of: <div><ol><li>
+# | [-(-]2008 note: this issue extends to the BIOS as well. There is a free
+# | BIOS, <a [-href=\"http://www.libreboot.org/\";>LibreBoot</a>-]
+# | {+href=\"https://libreboot.org/\";>LibreBoot</a>+} (a distribution of
+# | coreboot); the problem is getting specs for machines so that LibreBoot can
+# | support them without nonfree [-“blobs”.)-]
+# | {+“blobs.”+}
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "(2008 note: this issue extends to the BIOS as well. There is a free "
+#| "BIOS, <a href=\"http://www.libreboot.org/\";>LibreBoot</a> (a distribution "
+#| "of coreboot); the problem is getting specs for machines so that LibreBoot "
+#| "can support them without nonfree “blobs”.)"
+msgid ""
+"2008 note: this issue extends to the BIOS as well. There is a free BIOS, <a "
+"href=\"https://libreboot.org/\";>LibreBoot</a> (a distribution of coreboot); "
+"the problem is getting specs for machines so that LibreBoot can support them "
+"without nonfree “blobs.”"
+msgstr ""
+"(Nota de 2008: aquest problema s'aplica també a la BIOS. Existeix una BIOS "
+"lliure, <a href=\"http://www.libreboot.org/\";>LibreBoot</a> (una distribució
"
+"de coreboot; el problema és aconseguir especificacions de mà quines, de "
+"manera que pugui fer-les funcionar sense <cite>blobs</cite> no lliures)."
+
+#. type: Content of: <div><ol><li>
+# | [-[Subsequent note: in-]{+In+} September 2000, Qt was rereleased under the
+# | GNU GPL, which essentially solved this problem.[-]-]
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "[Subsequent note: in September 2000, Qt was rereleased under the GNU GPL, "
+#| "which essentially solved this problem.]"
+msgid ""
+"In September 2000, Qt was rereleased under the GNU GPL, which essentially "
+"solved this problem."
+msgstr ""
+"[Nota posterior: al setembre de 2000, es va publicar Qt sota la GNU GPL, fet "
+"que essencialment va resoldre aquest problema.]"
+
+#. type: Content of: <div><ol><li>
+msgid "As of 2009, the GIF patents have expired."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <div><ol><li>
+msgid ""
+"As of 2017, the MP3 patents have expired. Look how long we had to wait."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <div><div><p>
+# | Originally published in the book [-<em>Open Sources</em>.-] {+<cite>Open
+# | Sources</cite>.+} Richard Stallman was <a
+# | href=\"/philosophy/open-source-misses-the-point.html\"> never a supporter
+# | of “open source”</a>, but contributed this article so that the
+# | ideas of the free software movement would not be entirely absent from that
+# | book.
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "Originally published in the book <em>Open Sources</em>. Richard Stallman "
+#| "was <a href=\"/philosophy/open-source-misses-the-point.html\"> never a "
+#| "supporter of “open source”</a>, but contributed this article "
+#| "so that the ideas of the free software movement would not be entirely "
+#| "absent from that book."
+msgid ""
+"Originally published in the book <cite>Open Sources</cite>. Richard "
+"Stallman was <a href=\"/philosophy/open-source-misses-the-point.html\"> "
+"never a supporter of “open source”</a>, but contributed this "
+"article so that the ideas of the free software movement would not be "
+"entirely absent from that book."
+msgstr ""
+"Publicat originà riament al llibre <em>Open Sources</em>. Richard Stallman "
+"<a href=\"/philosophy/open-source-misses-the-point.html\"> mai va donar "
+"suport al «codi obert»</a>, però va aportar aquest article per tal que les
"
+"idees del moviment del programari lliure no estiguessin completament absents "
+"en aquest llibre. "
+
#. TRANSLATORS: Use space (SPC) as msgstr if you don't have notes.
#. type: Content of: <div>
msgid "*GNUN-SLOT: TRANSLATOR'S NOTES*"
@@ -2282,14 +2749,20 @@
#. Please send your comments and general suggestions in this regard
#. to <a href="mailto:web-translators@gnu.org";>
#. <web-translators@gnu.org></a>.</p>
-#. <p>For information on coordinating and submitting translations of
+#. <p>For information on coordinating and contributing translations of
#. our web pages, see <a
#. href="/server/standards/README.translations.html">Translations
#. README</a>.
#. type: Content of: <div><div><p>
+# || No change detected. The change might only be in amounts of spaces.
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "Please see the <a href=\"/server/standards/README.translations.html"
+#| "\">Translations README</a> for information on coordinating and "
+#| "contributing translations of this article."
msgid ""
"Please see the <a href=\"/server/standards/README.translations.html"
-"\">Translations README</a> for information on coordinating and submitting "
+"\">Translations README</a> for information on coordinating and contributing "
"translations of this article."
msgstr ""
"Vegeu la <a href=\"/server/standards/README.translations.html\">Guia de "
@@ -2299,15 +2772,15 @@
"traducció al català del web de GNU."
#. type: Content of: <div><p>
-# | Copyright © 1998, 2001, 2002, 2005, 2006, 2007, 2008, 2010, 2014,
-# | [-2015-] {+2015, 2017, 2018, 2020+} Richard Stallman
+# | Copyright © 1998, [-2001, 2002,-] 2005, [-2006, 2007,-] 2008, 2010,
+# | [-2014, 2015-] {+2012, 2015, 2017, 2018, 2021+} Richard Stallman
#, fuzzy
#| msgid ""
#| "Copyright © 1998, 2001, 2002, 2005, 2006, 2007, 2008, 2010, 2014, "
#| "2015 Richard Stallman"
msgid ""
-"Copyright © 1998, 2001, 2002, 2005, 2006, 2007, 2008, 2010, 2014, 2015, "
-"2017, 2018, 2020 Richard Stallman"
+"Copyright © 1998, 2005, 2008, 2010, 2012, 2015, 2017, 2018, 2021 "
+"Richard Stallman"
msgstr ""
"Copyright © 1998, 2001, 2002, 2005, 2006, 2007, 2008, 2010, 2014, 2015 "
"Richard Stallman"
@@ -2335,6 +2808,24 @@
msgstr "Updated:"
#~ msgid ""
+#~ "by <a href=\"http://www.stallman.org/\";><strong>Richard Stallman</"
+#~ "strong></a>"
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "per <a href=\"http://www.stallman.org/\";><strong>Richard Stallman</"
+#~ "strong></a>"
+
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "Please see the <a href=\"/server/standards/README.translations.html"
+#~ "\">Translations README</a> for information on coordinating and submitting "
+#~ "translations of this article."
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "Vegeu la <a href=\"/server/standards/README.translations.html\">Guia de "
+#~ "traducció</a> per informar-vos sobre la coordinació i publicació de les
"
+#~ "traduccions d'aquest article. <br />Contacteu amb l'<a href=\"/server/"
+#~ "standards/translations/ca/\">Equip de traducció</a> per col·laborar en
la "
+#~ "traducció al català del web de GNU."
+
+#~ msgid ""
#~ "the original version was published in the book “Open Sources”"
#~ msgstr "la versió original es va publicar al llibre \"Open Sources\""
Index: thegnuproject.cs.po
===================================================================
RCS file: /web/www/www/gnu/po/thegnuproject.cs.po,v
retrieving revision 1.34
retrieving revision 1.35
diff -u -b -r1.34 -r1.35
--- thegnuproject.cs.po 24 Oct 2021 07:25:22 -0000 1.34
+++ thegnuproject.cs.po 24 Oct 2021 07:31:37 -0000 1.35
@@ -10,7 +10,7 @@
msgid ""
msgstr ""
"Project-Id-Version: thegnuproject.html\n"
-"POT-Creation-Date: 2020-07-12 02:25+0000\n"
+"POT-Creation-Date: 2021-10-24 07:25+0000\n"
"PO-Revision-Date: 2020-07-12 06:58+0100\n"
"Last-Translator: FrantiÅ¡ek KuÄera <franta-gnu AT frantovo.cz>\n"
"Language-Team: Czech <www-cs-general@gnu.org>\n"
@@ -18,6 +18,7 @@
"MIME-Version: 1.0\n"
"Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8\n"
"Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit\n"
+"X-Outdated-Since: 2021-10-24 07:25+0000\n"
"X-Generator: Lokalize 2.0\n"
"Plural-Forms: nplurals=3; plural=(n==1) ? 0 : (n>=2 && n<=4) ? 1 : 2;\n"
@@ -30,44 +31,22 @@
msgstr ""
"GNU, GNU projekt, FSF, Free Software, Nadace pro svobodný software, historie"
-#. type: Content of: <h2>
+#. type: Content of: <div><h2>
msgid "The GNU Project"
msgstr "Projekt GNU"
-#. type: Content of: <p>
-msgid ""
-"by <a href=\"http://www.stallman.org/\";><strong>Richard Stallman</strong></a>"
-msgstr ""
-"napsal <a href=\"http://www.stallman.org/\";><strong>Richard Stallman</"
-"strong></a>"
-
-#. type: Content of: <blockquote><p>
-msgid ""
-"Originally published in the book <em>Open Sources</em>. Richard Stallman "
-"was <a href=\"/philosophy/open-source-misses-the-point.html\"> never a "
-"supporter of “open source”</a>, but contributed this article so "
-"that the ideas of the free software movement would not be entirely absent "
-"from that book."
-msgstr ""
-"PůvodnÄ vyÅ¡lo v knize <em>Open Sources</em>. Richard Stallman <a href=\"/"
-"philosophy/open-source-misses-the-point.html\">nikdy nepodporoval âopen "
-"sourceâ</a>, ale pÅispÄl tÃmto Älánkem, aby v této knize ideály
hnutà "
-"svobodného softwaru úplnÄ nechybÄly."
+#. type: Content of: <div><address>
+# || No change detected. The change might only be in amounts of spaces.
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid "by <a href=\"https://www.stallman.org/\";>Richard Stallman</a>"
+msgid "by <a href=\"https://www.stallman.org/\";>Richard Stallman</a>"
+msgstr "od <a href=\"https://www.stallman.org/\";>Richarda Stallmana</a>"
-#. type: Content of: <blockquote><p>
-msgid ""
-"Why it is even more important than ever <a href=\"/philosophy/free-software-"
-"even-more-important.html\">to insist that the software we use be free</a>."
-msgstr ""
-"ProÄ je dnes, vÃc než kdy jindy, potÅeba <a
href=\"/philosophy/free-software-"
-"even-more-important.html\">trvat na tom, aby software, který použÃváme,
byl "
-"svobodný</a>."
-
-#. type: Content of: <h3>
+#. type: Content of: <div><h3>
msgid "The first software-sharing community"
msgstr "Prvnà komunita sdÃlejÃcà software"
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"When I started working at the <abbr title=\"Massachusetts Institute of "
"Technology\">MIT</abbr> Artificial Intelligence Lab in 1971, I became part "
@@ -83,15 +62,32 @@
"výsadou pouze naÅ¡Ã komunity; je staré jako poÄÃtaÄe samy, stejnÄ jako
"
"sdÃlenà receptů je staré jako vaÅenÃ. DÄlali jsme vÅ¡ak vÃce než
toto. "
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
+# | The AI Lab used a timesharing operating system called <abbr
+# | title=\"Incompatible Timesharing System\">ITS</abbr> (the Incompatible
+# | Timesharing System) that the lab's staff [-hackers (1)-]
+# | {+hackers <a href=\"#ft1\">[1]</a>+} had designed and written in
+# | assembler language for the Digital <abbr title=\"Programmed Data
+# | Processor\">PDP</abbr>-10, one of the large computers of the era. As a
+# | member of this community, an AI Lab staff system hacker, my job was to
+# | improve this system.
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "The AI Lab used a timesharing operating system called <abbr title="
+#| "\"Incompatible Timesharing System\">ITS</abbr> (the Incompatible "
+#| "Timesharing System) that the lab's staff hackers (1) had designed and "
+#| "written in assembler language for the Digital <abbr title=\"Programmed "
+#| "Data Processor\">PDP</abbr>-10, one of the large computers of the era. "
+#| "As a member of this community, an AI Lab staff system hacker, my job was "
+#| "to improve this system."
msgid ""
"The AI Lab used a timesharing operating system called <abbr title="
"\"Incompatible Timesharing System\">ITS</abbr> (the Incompatible Timesharing "
-"System) that the lab's staff hackers (1) had designed and written in "
-"assembler language for the Digital <abbr title=\"Programmed Data Processor"
-"\">PDP</abbr>-10, one of the large computers of the era. As a member of "
-"this community, an AI Lab staff system hacker, my job was to improve this "
-"system."
+"System) that the lab's staff hackers <a href=\"#ft1\">[1]</a> had "
+"designed and written in assembler language for the Digital <abbr title="
+"\"Programmed Data Processor\">PDP</abbr>-10, one of the large computers of "
+"the era. As a member of this community, an AI Lab staff system hacker, my "
+"job was to improve this system."
msgstr ""
"AI Lab použÃvala operaÄnà systém pro sdÃlenà Äasu nazvaný <abbr
title="
"\"Incompatible Timesharing System\">ITS</abbr> (Nekompatibilnà systém pro "
@@ -101,9 +97,24 @@
"systémový hacker laboratoÅe umÄlé inteligence, jsem mÄl za úkol
vylepšovat "
"tento systém. "
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
+# | We did not call our software “free [-software”,-]
+# | {+software,”+} because that term did not yet exist; but that is what
+# | it was. Whenever people from another university or a company wanted to
+# | port and use a program, we gladly let them. If you saw someone using an
+# | unfamiliar and interesting program, you could always ask to see the source
+# | code, so that you could read it, change it, or cannibalize parts of it to
+# | make a new program.
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "We did not call our software “free software”, because that "
+#| "term did not yet exist; but that is what it was. Whenever people from "
+#| "another university or a company wanted to port and use a program, we "
+#| "gladly let them. If you saw someone using an unfamiliar and interesting "
+#| "program, you could always ask to see the source code, so that you could "
+#| "read it, change it, or cannibalize parts of it to make a new program."
msgid ""
-"We did not call our software “free software”, because that term "
+"We did not call our software “free software,” because that term "
"did not yet exist; but that is what it was. Whenever people from another "
"university or a company wanted to port and use a program, we gladly let "
"them. If you saw someone using an unfamiliar and interesting program, you "
@@ -117,27 +128,20 @@
"vždy požádat, aby vám ukázal zdrojové kódy, abyste jej mohli studovat,
mÄnit "
"anebo demontovat nÄkteré z jeho Äástà a vytvoÅit nový program. "
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><div><p>
msgid ""
-"(1) The use of “hacker” to mean “security breaker” "
-"is a confusion on the part of the mass media. We hackers refuse to "
-"recognize that meaning, and continue using the word to mean someone who "
-"loves to program, someone who enjoys playful cleverness, or the combination "
-"of the two. See my article, <a href=\"http://stallman.org/articles/on-";
-"hacking.html\">On Hacking</a>."
+"Why it is even more important than ever <a href=\"/philosophy/free-software-"
+"even-more-important.html\">to insist that the software we use be free</a>."
msgstr ""
-"(1) UžÃvánà výrazu âhackerâ jako pojmenovánà nÄkoho, kdo
prolamuje "
-"bezpeÄnost systémů, je matenà způsobené dneÅ¡nÃmi médii. My hackeÅi
toto "
-"pojmenovánà odmÃtáme uznat a toto slovo stále použÃváme k oznaÄenÃ
nÄkoho, "
-"kdo miluje programovánà nebo si užÃvá svůj důvtip s hravostÃ.
PÅeÄtÄte si "
-"můj Älánek <a href=\"http://stallman.org/articles/on-hacking.html\";>O "
-"hackovánÃ</a>."
+"ProÄ je dnes, vÃc než kdy jindy, potÅeba <a
href=\"/philosophy/free-software-"
+"even-more-important.html\">trvat na tom, aby software, který použÃváme,
byl "
+"svobodný</a>."
-#. type: Content of: <h3>
+#. type: Content of: <div><h3>
msgid "The collapse of the community"
msgstr "Rozpad komunity"
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"The situation changed drastically in the early 1980s when Digital "
"discontinued the PDP-10 series. Its architecture, elegant and powerful in "
@@ -151,15 +155,32 @@
"které zaÄaly nastupovat v osmdesátých letech. To znamenalo, že témÄÅ
všechny "
"programy pro ITS byly zastaralé. "
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
+# | The AI Lab hacker community had already collapsed, not long before. In
+# | 1981, the spin-off company Symbolics had hired away nearly all of the
+# | hackers from the AI Lab, and the depopulated community was unable to
+# | maintain itself. (The book [-Hackers,-] {+<cite>Hackers</cite>,+} by
+# | Steve Levy, describes these events, as well as giving a clear picture of
+# | this community in its prime.) When the AI Lab bought a new PDP-10 in
+# | 1982, its administrators decided to use Digital's nonfree timesharing
+# | system instead of ITS.
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "The AI Lab hacker community had already collapsed, not long before. In "
+#| "1981, the spin-off company Symbolics had hired away nearly all of the "
+#| "hackers from the AI Lab, and the depopulated community was unable to "
+#| "maintain itself. (The book Hackers, by Steve Levy, describes these "
+#| "events, as well as giving a clear picture of this community in its "
+#| "prime.) When the AI Lab bought a new PDP-10 in 1982, its administrators "
+#| "decided to use Digital's nonfree timesharing system instead of ITS."
msgid ""
"The AI Lab hacker community had already collapsed, not long before. In "
"1981, the spin-off company Symbolics had hired away nearly all of the "
"hackers from the AI Lab, and the depopulated community was unable to "
-"maintain itself. (The book Hackers, by Steve Levy, describes these events, "
-"as well as giving a clear picture of this community in its prime.) When the "
-"AI Lab bought a new PDP-10 in 1982, its administrators decided to use "
-"Digital's nonfree timesharing system instead of ITS."
+"maintain itself. (The book <cite>Hackers</cite>, by Steve Levy, describes "
+"these events, as well as giving a clear picture of this community in its "
+"prime.) When the AI Lab bought a new PDP-10 in 1982, its administrators "
+"decided to use Digital's nonfree timesharing system instead of ITS."
msgstr ""
"Komunita hackerů AI Lab se nedlouho pÅedtÃm rozpadla. OddÄlujÃcà se
firma "
"Symbolics si v roce 1981 najala témÄÅ vÅ¡echny hackery z AI Lab a
oslabená "
@@ -169,7 +190,7 @@
"jejà administrátoÅi se rozhodli použÃvat nesvobodný systém pro
sdÃlenà Äasu "
"od Digitalu namÃsto naÅ¡eho ITS. "
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"The modern computers of the era, such as the VAX or the 68020, had their own "
"operating systems, but none of them were free software: you had to sign a "
@@ -180,7 +201,7 @@
"podepsat tzv. non-disclosure agreement (NDA) dokonce i proto, abyste vůbec "
"zÃskali spustitelný program. "
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"This meant that the first step in using a computer was to promise not to "
"help your neighbor. A cooperating community was forbidden. The rule made "
@@ -194,7 +215,7 @@
"sdÃlÃte software se svým kolegou, jste pirát. Pokud chcete provádÄt v
našem "
"software jakékoliv zmÄny, musÃte nás nejdÅÃve poprosit.â"
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"The idea that the proprietary software social system—the system that "
"says you are not allowed to share or change software—is antisocial, "
@@ -216,11 +237,27 @@
"Vydavatelé software dlouho a tÄžce pracovali na tom, aby pÅesvÄdÄili "
"veÅejnost, že existuje pouze jediný způsob, jak pohlÞet na tento
problém."
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
+# | When software publishers talk about “enforcing” their
+# | “rights” or “stopping <a
+# | [-href=\"/philosophy/words-to-avoid.html#Piracy\">piracy</a>”,-]
+# | {+href=\"/philosophy/words-to-avoid.html#Piracy\">piracy</a>,”+}
+# | what they actually <em>say</em> is secondary. The real message of these
+# | statements is in the unstated assumptions they take for granted, which the
+# | public is asked to accept without examination. Let's therefore examine
+# | them.
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "When software publishers talk about “enforcing” their “"
+#| "rights” or “stopping <a href=\"/philosophy/words-to-avoid."
+#| "html#Piracy\">piracy</a>”, what they actually <em>say</em> is "
+#| "secondary. The real message of these statements is in the unstated "
+#| "assumptions they take for granted, which the public is asked to accept "
+#| "without examination. Let's therefore examine them."
msgid ""
"When software publishers talk about “enforcing” their “"
"rights” or “stopping <a href=\"/philosophy/words-to-avoid."
-"html#Piracy\">piracy</a>”, what they actually <em>say</em> is "
+"html#Piracy\">piracy</a>,” what they actually <em>say</em> is "
"secondary. The real message of these statements is in the unstated "
"assumptions they take for granted, which the public is asked to accept "
"without examination. Let's therefore examine them."
@@ -231,7 +268,7 @@
"nevyslovených domnÄnkách, jež berou jako samozÅejmé; pÅedpokládá se,
že je "
"veÅejnost bez kritiky pÅijme. PojÄme se tedy na nÄ podÃvat."
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"One assumption is that software companies have an unquestionable natural "
"right to own software and thus have power over all its users. (If this were "
@@ -248,7 +285,7 @@
"právo, ale vládou umÄle vytvoÅený monopol, jež omezuje pÅirozené
právo "
"uživatelů na vytváÅenà kopiÃ."
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"Another unstated assumption is that the only important thing about software "
"is what jobs it allows you to do—that we computer users should not "
@@ -258,7 +295,7 @@
"software je, jaké úkoly nám umožÅuje plnit â a že my, poÄÃtaÄovÃ
uživatelé, "
"bychom se nemÄli starat o to, v jaké spoleÄnosti je nám dovoleno žÃt. "
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"A third assumption is that we would have no usable software (or would never "
"have a program to do this or that particular job) if we did not offer a "
@@ -272,7 +309,7 @@
"vytvoÅit mnoho užiteÄného software bez zbyteÄných omezenÃ, mohla být
tato "
"domnÄnka jeÅ¡tÄ i pÅijatelná."
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"If we decline to accept these assumptions, and judge these issues based on "
"ordinary commonsense morality while placing the users first, we arrive at "
@@ -286,13 +323,31 @@
"programy tak, aby splÅovaly jejich potÅeby, a svobodu sdÃlet software. "
"Pomáhat ostatnÃm lidem je základ spoleÄnosti. "
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
+# | There is no room here for an extensive statement of the reasoning behind
+# | this conclusion, so I refer the reader to [-the web pages <a
+# | href=\"/philosophy/why-free.html\">
+# | http://www.gnu.org/philosophy/why-free.html</a>-] {+“<a
+# | href=\"/philosophy/why-free.html\">Why Software Should Not Have
+# | Owners</a>,”+} and [-<a
+# | href=\"/philosophy/free-software-even-more-important.html\">
+# | http://www.gnu.org/philosophy/free-software-even-more-important.html</a>.-]
+# | {+“<a
+# | href=\"/philosophy/free-software-even-more-important.html\">Free Software
+# | Is Even More Important Now</a>.”+}
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "There is no room here for an extensive statement of the reasoning behind "
+#| "this conclusion, so I refer the reader to the web pages <a href=\"/"
+#| "philosophy/why-free.html\"> http://www.gnu.org/philosophy/why-free.html</"
+#| "a> and <a href=\"/philosophy/free-software-even-more-important.html\"> "
+#| "http://www.gnu.org/philosophy/free-software-even-more-important.html</a>."
msgid ""
"There is no room here for an extensive statement of the reasoning behind "
-"this conclusion, so I refer the reader to the web pages <a href=\"/"
-"philosophy/why-free.html\"> http://www.gnu.org/philosophy/why-free.html</a> "
-"and <a href=\"/philosophy/free-software-even-more-important.html\"> http://";
-"www.gnu.org/philosophy/free-software-even-more-important.html</a>."
+"this conclusion, so I refer the reader to “<a href=\"/philosophy/why-"
+"free.html\">Why Software Should Not Have Owners</a>,” and “<a "
+"href=\"/philosophy/free-software-even-more-important.html\">Free Software Is "
+"Even More Important Now</a>.”"
msgstr ""
"Nenà zde dostatek prostoru pro rozsáhlý dokument odůvodÅujÃcà tento
závÄr, "
"takže odkazuji ÄtenáÅe na webovou stránku <a
href=\"/philosophy/why-free.html"
@@ -300,11 +355,11 @@
"software-even-more-important.html\"> http://www.gnu.org/philosophy/free-";
"software-even-more-important.html</a>."
-#. type: Content of: <h3>
+#. type: Content of: <div><h3>
msgid "A stark moral choice"
msgstr "Důležitá morálnà volba"
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"With my community gone, to continue as before was impossible. Instead, I "
"faced a stark moral choice."
@@ -312,7 +367,7 @@
"Po rozpadu mé komunity bylo nemožné pokraÄovat jako dÅÃve. MÃsto toho
jsem "
"stál tváÅà v tváŠmorálnÃmu rozhodnutÃ."
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"The easy choice was to join the proprietary software world, signing "
"nondisclosure agreements and promising not to help my fellow hacker. Most "
@@ -326,7 +381,7 @@
"vydávaný pod non-disclosure agreement a naléhal na ostatnÃ, aÅ¥ rovnÄž "
"zrazujà své kolegy."
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"I could have made money this way, and perhaps amused myself writing code. "
"But I knew that at the end of my career, I would look back on years of "
@@ -338,7 +393,7 @@
"stavbou zdà oddÄlujÃcÃch lidi, pÅipadalo by mi, že jsem svůj život
zasvÄtil "
"ÄinÄnÃm svÄta horÅ¡Ãm a horÅ¡Ãm. "
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"I had already experienced being on the receiving end of a nondisclosure "
"agreement, when someone refused to give me and the MIT AI Lab the source "
@@ -355,7 +410,7 @@
"non-disclosure agreement je nevinný. Byl jsem velmi rozzlobený, když s
námi "
"odmÃtl sdÃlet kód; nemohl jsem se otoÄit zády a zaÄÃt dÄlat ostatnÃm
totéž."
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"Another choice, straightforward but unpleasant, was to leave the computer "
"field. That way my skills would not be misused, but they would still be "
@@ -367,7 +422,7 @@
"bych vinen za rozdÄlovánà a omezovánà poÄÃtaÄových uživatelů, ale
tak jako "
"tak by k tomu došlo."
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"So I looked for a way that a programmer could do something for the good. I "
"asked myself, was there a program or programs that I could write, so as to "
@@ -377,7 +432,7 @@
"prospÄÅ¡ného. Ptal jsem se sám sebe: existuje nÄjaký program nebo
programy, "
"které bych mohl psát, aby mohla naÅ¡e komunita opÄt existovat?"
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"The answer was clear: what was needed first was an operating system. That "
"is the crucial software for starting to use a computer. With an operating "
@@ -394,7 +449,24 @@
"hackerů â a pozvat kohokoliv, aby se k nám pÅidal. Kdokoliv by mohl
použÃvat "
"poÄÃtaÄ bez toho, aniž by se tak upisoval ke spiknutà proti svým
pÅátelům. "
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
+# | As an operating system developer, I had the right skills for this job. So
+# | even though I could not take success for granted, I realized that I was
+# | elected to do the job. I chose to make the system compatible with Unix so
+# | that it would be portable, and so that Unix users could easily switch to
+# | it. The name GNU was chosen, following a hacker tradition, as a recursive
+# | acronym for “GNU's Not Unix.” It is pronounced as <a
+# | href=\"/gnu/pronunciation.html\">one syllable with a [-hard g</a>.-]
+# | {+hard <i>g</i></a>.+}
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "As an operating system developer, I had the right skills for this job. "
+#| "So even though I could not take success for granted, I realized that I "
+#| "was elected to do the job. I chose to make the system compatible with "
+#| "Unix so that it would be portable, and so that Unix users could easily "
+#| "switch to it. The name GNU was chosen, following a hacker tradition, as "
+#| "a recursive acronym for “GNU's Not Unix.” It is pronounced as "
+#| "<a href=\"/gnu/pronunciation.html\">one syllable with a hard g</a>."
msgid ""
"As an operating system developer, I had the right skills for this job. So "
"even though I could not take success for granted, I realized that I was "
@@ -402,7 +474,7 @@
"that it would be portable, and so that Unix users could easily switch to "
"it. The name GNU was chosen, following a hacker tradition, as a recursive "
"acronym for “GNU's Not Unix.” It is pronounced as <a href=\"/gnu/"
-"pronunciation.html\">one syllable with a hard g</a>."
+"pronunciation.html\">one syllable with a hard <i>g</i></a>."
msgstr ""
"Jako vývojáŠoperaÄnÃch systémů jsem pro takovou práci mÄl
dostateÄné "
"znalosti. PÅestože jsem tehdy nemohl s jistotou pÅedpokládat, že
uspÄji, "
@@ -412,7 +484,7 @@
"hackerské tradice, jako rekurzivnà akronym âGNU's Not Unixâ a vyslovuje
se "
"jako <a href=\"/gnu/pronunciation.html\">jedna slabika s tvrdým G</a>."
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"An operating system does not mean just a kernel, barely enough to run other "
"programs. In the 1970s, every operating system worthy of the name included "
@@ -427,39 +499,37 @@
"ITS, Multics, VMS, Unix, vÅ¡echny tyto systémy je mÄly. OperaÄnà systém
GNU "
"je zahrnoval také."
-#. type: Content of: <p>
-msgid "Later I heard these words, attributed to Hillel (1):"
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
+# | Later I heard these words, attributed to [-Hillel (1):-] {+Hillel <a
+# | href=\"#ft2\">[2]</a>:+}
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid "Later I heard these words, attributed to Hillel (1):"
+msgid ""
+"Later I heard these words, attributed to Hillel <a href=\"#ft2\">[2]</"
+"a>:"
msgstr "PozdÄji jsem slyÅ¡el tato slova, pÅipisovaná Hillelovi (1):"
-#. type: Content of: <blockquote><p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><blockquote><p>
msgid "If I am not for myself, who will be for me?"
msgstr "Jestliže nejsem pro sebe, kdo bude pro mÄ?"
-#. type: Content of: <blockquote><p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><blockquote><p>
msgid "If I am only for myself, what am I?"
msgstr "Jestliže jsem jen pro sebe, co jsem?"
-#. type: Content of: <blockquote><p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><blockquote><p>
msgid "If not now, when?"
msgstr "Jestliže ne nynÃ, kdy?"
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid "The decision to start the GNU Project was based on a similar spirit."
msgstr "V podobném duchu bylo i rozhodnutà zaÄÃt s projektem GNU. "
-#. type: Content of: <p>
-msgid ""
-"(1) As an Atheist, I don't follow any religious leaders, but I sometimes "
-"find I admire something one of them has said."
-msgstr ""
-"(1) Coby ateista sice nenásleduji žádné náboženské vůdce, ale nÄkdy
se mi "
-"lÃbÃ, co nÄkdo z nich prohlásÃ."
-
-#. type: Content of: <h3>
+#. type: Content of: <div><h3>
msgid "Free as in freedom"
msgstr "Svobodný jako ve slovÄ svoboda"
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"The term “free software” is sometimes misunderstood—it has "
"nothing to do with price. It is about freedom. Here, therefore, is the "
@@ -469,17 +539,17 @@
"cenou. Je o svobodÄ. <a href=\"#tf1\">[1]</a> Zde proto cituji definici "
"svobodného softwaru."
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid "A program is free software, for you, a particular user, if:"
msgstr ""
"Program je svobodným softwarem pro vás, uživatele, jestliže máte tyto "
"svobody: "
-#. type: Content of: <ul><li>
+#. type: Content of: <div><ul><li>
msgid "You have the freedom to run the program as you wish, for any purpose."
msgstr "SmÃte spouÅ¡tÄt program za jakýmkoliv úÄelem. "
-#. type: Content of: <ul><li>
+#. type: Content of: <div><ul><li>
msgid ""
"You have the freedom to modify the program to suit your needs. (To make "
"this freedom effective in practice, you must have access to the source code, "
@@ -491,12 +561,12 @@
"neboÅ¥ vytváÅenà zmÄn v programu, je nesmÃrnÄ obtÞné, nemáte-li k
dispozici "
"zdrojový kód.)"
-#. type: Content of: <ul><li>
+#. type: Content of: <div><ul><li>
msgid ""
"You have the freedom to redistribute copies, either gratis or for a fee."
msgstr "SmÃte Å¡ÃÅit kopie a to jak zadarmo, tak za poplatek. "
-#. type: Content of: <ul><li>
+#. type: Content of: <div><ul><li>
msgid ""
"You have the freedom to distribute modified versions of the program, so that "
"the community can benefit from your improvements."
@@ -504,7 +574,7 @@
"SmÃte distribuovat upravené verze programu, aby vaÅ¡e komunita mohla mÃt "
"užitek z vaÅ¡ich vylepÅ¡enÃ."
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"Since “free” refers to freedom, not to price, there is no "
"contradiction between selling copies and free software. In fact, the "
@@ -520,14 +590,34 @@
"sehnat penÃze na rozvoj svobodného softwaru. Z toho důvodu nenÃ
svobodným "
"softwarem program, jež nesmà být distribuován. "
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
+# | Because of the ambiguity of [-“free”,-]
+# | {+“free,”+} people have long looked for alternatives, but no
+# | one has found a better term. The English language has more words and
+# | nuances than any other, but it lacks a simple, unambiguous, word that
+# | means [-“free”,-] {+“free,”+} as in
+# | freedom—“unfettered” being the word that comes closest
+# | in meaning. Such alternatives as [-“liberated”,
+# | “freedom”,-] {+“liberated,”
+# | “freedom,”+} and “open” have either the wrong
+# | meaning or some other disadvantage.
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "Because of the ambiguity of “free”, people have long looked "
+#| "for alternatives, but no one has found a better term. The English "
+#| "language has more words and nuances than any other, but it lacks a "
+#| "simple, unambiguous, word that means “free”, as in "
+#| "freedom—“unfettered” being the word that comes closest "
+#| "in meaning. Such alternatives as “liberated”, “"
+#| "freedom”, and “open” have either the wrong meaning or "
+#| "some other disadvantage."
msgid ""
-"Because of the ambiguity of “free”, people have long looked for "
+"Because of the ambiguity of “free,” people have long looked for "
"alternatives, but no one has found a better term. The English language has "
"more words and nuances than any other, but it lacks a simple, unambiguous, "
-"word that means “free”, as in freedom—“"
+"word that means “free,” as in freedom—“"
"unfettered” being the word that comes closest in meaning. Such "
-"alternatives as “liberated”, “freedom”, and “"
+"alternatives as “liberated,” “freedom,” and “"
"open” have either the wrong meaning or some other disadvantage."
msgstr ""
"Kvůli dvojznaÄnosti slova âfreeâ se lidé dlouho pokouÅ¡eli najÃt
jiná "
@@ -538,11 +628,11 @@
"âosvobozenýâ (liberated), âsvobodaâ (freedom) a âotevÅenýâ
(open) nesou jiný "
"význam nebo majà jiné nevýhody. "
-#. type: Content of: <h3>
+#. type: Content of: <div><h3>
msgid "GNU software and the GNU system"
msgstr "GNU software a GNU systém"
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"Developing a whole system is a very large project. To bring it into reach, "
"I decided to adapt and use existing pieces of free software wherever that "
@@ -557,7 +647,7 @@
"jsem se rozhodl použÃvat X Window Systém â radÄji, než abych pro GNU
psal "
"dalšà okennà systém. "
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"Because of these decisions, and others like them, the GNU system is not the "
"same as the collection of all GNU software. The GNU system includes "
@@ -570,11 +660,11 @@
"GNU software, programy, které byly vyvÃjeny jinými lidmi pro jejich
vlastnà "
"potÅeby, ale které můžeme použÃvat, protože jsou svobodným software."
-#. type: Content of: <h3>
+#. type: Content of: <div><h3>
msgid "Commencing the project"
msgstr "PoÄátek projektu"
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"In January 1984 I quit my job at MIT and began writing GNU software. "
"Leaving MIT was necessary so that MIT would not be able to interfere with "
@@ -593,7 +683,7 @@
"vydÄl jak se stává nepoužitelnou pro můj cÃl: vytvoÅenà nové
software "
"sdÃlejÃcà komunity."
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"However, Professor Winston, then the head of the MIT AI Lab, kindly invited "
"me to keep using the lab's facilities."
@@ -601,15 +691,29 @@
"PÅesto mi vÅ¡ak profesor Winston, Åeditel MIT AI Lab, laskavÄ dovolil i "
"nadále použÃvat vybavenà laboratoÅe."
-#. type: Content of: <h3>
+#. type: Content of: <div><h3>
msgid "The first steps"
msgstr "Prvnà kroky"
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
+# | Shortly before beginning the GNU Project, I heard about the Free
+# | University Compiler Kit, also known as VUCK. (The Dutch word for
+# | “free” is written with a [-<em>v</em>.)-] {+<i>v</i>.)+} This
+# | was a compiler designed to handle multiple languages, including C and
+# | Pascal, and to support multiple target machines. I wrote to its author
+# | asking if GNU could use it.
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "Shortly before beginning the GNU Project, I heard about the Free "
+#| "University Compiler Kit, also known as VUCK. (The Dutch word for “"
+#| "free” is written with a <em>v</em>.) This was a compiler designed "
+#| "to handle multiple languages, including C and Pascal, and to support "
+#| "multiple target machines. I wrote to its author asking if GNU could use "
+#| "it."
msgid ""
"Shortly before beginning the GNU Project, I heard about the Free University "
"Compiler Kit, also known as VUCK. (The Dutch word for “free” is "
-"written with a <em>v</em>.) This was a compiler designed to handle multiple "
+"written with a <i>v</i>.) This was a compiler designed to handle multiple "
"languages, including C and Pascal, and to support multiple target machines. "
"I wrote to its author asking if GNU could use it."
msgstr ""
@@ -619,7 +723,7 @@
"navržen pro mnoho jazyků, vÄetnÄ C a Pascalu a s podporou mnoha
cÃlových "
"strojů. Napsal jsem jeho autorovi, zda by ho GNU mohl použÃvat."
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"He responded derisively, stating that the university was free but the "
"compiler was not. I therefore decided that my first program for the GNU "
@@ -629,7 +733,7 @@
"nikoliv. Rozhodl jsem se proto, že mým prvnÃm programem pro projekt GNU
bude "
"mnohojazyÄný a multiplatformnà pÅekladaÄ (kompilátor)."
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"Hoping to avoid the need to write the whole compiler myself, I obtained the "
"source code for the Pastel compiler, which was a multiplatform compiler "
@@ -649,11 +753,31 @@
"megabajty volného prostoru, a dostupný Unixový systém 68000 umožÅoval
použÃt "
"pouze 64 kilobajtů."
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
+# | I then realized that the Pastel compiler functioned by parsing the entire
+# | input file into a syntax tree, converting the whole syntax tree into a
+# | chain of [-“instructions”,-] {+“instructions,”+}
+# | and then generating the whole output file, without ever freeing any
+# | storage. At this point, I concluded I would have to write a new compiler
+# | from scratch. That new compiler is now known as <abbr title=\"GNU
+# | Compiler Collection\">GCC</abbr>; none of the Pastel compiler is used in
+# | it, but I managed to adapt and use the C front end that I had written.
+# | But that was some years later; first, I worked on GNU Emacs.
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "I then realized that the Pastel compiler functioned by parsing the entire "
+#| "input file into a syntax tree, converting the whole syntax tree into a "
+#| "chain of “instructions”, and then generating the whole output "
+#| "file, without ever freeing any storage. At this point, I concluded I "
+#| "would have to write a new compiler from scratch. That new compiler is "
+#| "now known as <abbr title=\"GNU Compiler Collection\">GCC</abbr>; none of "
+#| "the Pastel compiler is used in it, but I managed to adapt and use the C "
+#| "front end that I had written. But that was some years later; first, I "
+#| "worked on GNU Emacs."
msgid ""
"I then realized that the Pastel compiler functioned by parsing the entire "
"input file into a syntax tree, converting the whole syntax tree into a chain "
-"of “instructions”, and then generating the whole output file, "
+"of “instructions,” and then generating the whole output file, "
"without ever freeing any storage. At this point, I concluded I would have "
"to write a new compiler from scratch. That new compiler is now known as "
"<abbr title=\"GNU Compiler Collection\">GCC</abbr>; none of the Pastel "
@@ -669,11 +793,11 @@
"se mi pÅizpůsobit a použÃt front end C, který jsem již mÄl hotov. To
ovšem "
"bylo o nÄkolik let pozdÄji; nejdÅÃve jsem pracoval na GNU Emacsu."
-#. type: Content of: <h3>
+#. type: Content of: <div><h3>
msgid "GNU Emacs"
msgstr "GNU Emacs"
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"I began work on GNU Emacs in September 1984, and in early 1985 it was "
"beginning to be usable. This enabled me to begin using Unix systems to do "
@@ -685,7 +809,7 @@
"systémy; protože jsem nemÄl zájem uÄit se pracovat s vi nebo ed, musel
jsem "
"do té doby provádÄt editaci na jiných strojÃch."
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"At this point, people began wanting to use GNU Emacs, which raised the "
"question of how to distribute it. Of course, I put it on the anonymous ftp "
@@ -704,7 +828,7 @@
"nebylo pÅipojeno k Internetu a nemohlo zÃskat pÅes ftp. Otázka tedy
znÄla: "
"âCo jim mám ÅÃct?â"
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"I could have said, “Find a friend who is on the net and who will make "
"a copy for you.” Or I could have done what I did with the original "
@@ -726,11 +850,11 @@
"byl jsem pÅedchůdcem spoleÄnostÃ, které nynà distribuujà GNU systémy "
"založené na Linuxu."
-#. type: Content of: <h3>
+#. type: Content of: <div><h3>
msgid "Is a program free for every user?"
msgstr "Je program svobodný pro každého uživatele?"
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"If a program is free software when it leaves the hands of its author, this "
"does not necessarily mean it will be free software for everyone who has a "
@@ -751,7 +875,7 @@
"jednoduchými licencemi, které umožÅujà vytváÅet proprietárnÃ
modifikované "
"verze."
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"The paradigmatic example of this problem is the X Window System. Developed "
"at MIT, and released as free software with a permissive license, it was soon "
@@ -765,11 +889,23 @@
"pouze v binárnà podobÄ a s týmž non-disclosure agreement. Tyto kopie X "
"nebyly svobodným software o nic vÃc než Unix. "
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
+# | The developers of the X Window System did not consider this a
+# | problem—they expected and intended this to happen. Their goal was
+# | not freedom, just [-“success”,-] {+“success,”+}
+# | defined as “having many users.” They did not care whether
+# | these users had freedom, only that they should be numerous.
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "The developers of the X Window System did not consider this a "
+#| "problem—they expected and intended this to happen. Their goal was "
+#| "not freedom, just “success”, defined as “having many "
+#| "users.” They did not care whether these users had freedom, only "
+#| "that they should be numerous."
msgid ""
"The developers of the X Window System did not consider this a problem—"
"they expected and intended this to happen. Their goal was not freedom, just "
-"“success”, defined as “having many users.” They did "
+"“success,” defined as “having many users.” They did "
"not care whether these users had freedom, only that they should be numerous."
msgstr ""
"VývojáÅi X Window System to nepovažovali za problém â vÄdÄli , že k
tomu "
@@ -777,7 +913,7 @@
"uživatelůâ. Nestarali se o to, zda majà jejich uživatelé svobodu, Å¡lo
jim "
"jen o to, aby jich bylo co nejvÃc."
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"This led to a paradoxical situation where two different ways of counting the "
"amount of freedom gave different answers to the question, “Is this "
@@ -796,22 +932,33 @@
"použÃvala proprietárnà verze, které dostali s unixovými systémy, ne "
"svobodnou verzi."
-#. type: Content of: <h3>
+#. type: Content of: <div><h3>
msgid "Copyleft and the GNU GPL"
msgstr "Copyleft a GNU GPL"
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
+# | The goal of GNU was to give users freedom, not just to be popular. So we
+# | needed to use distribution terms that would prevent GNU software from
+# | being turned into proprietary software. The method we use is called
+# | [-“copyleft”.(1)-] {+“copyleft” <a
+# | href=\"#ft3\">[3]</a>.+}
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "The goal of GNU was to give users freedom, not just to be popular. So we "
+#| "needed to use distribution terms that would prevent GNU software from "
+#| "being turned into proprietary software. The method we use is called "
+#| "“copyleft”.(1)"
msgid ""
"The goal of GNU was to give users freedom, not just to be popular. So we "
"needed to use distribution terms that would prevent GNU software from being "
"turned into proprietary software. The method we use is called “"
-"copyleft”.(1)"
+"copyleft” <a href=\"#ft3\">[3]</a>."
msgstr ""
"CÃlem GNU je poskytnout uživatelům svobodu, ne být populárnÃ.
PotÅebovali "
"jsme takové distribuÄnà podmÃnky, abychom zabránili promÄnÄ GNU
softwaru v "
"software proprietárnÃ. Metoda, kterou použÃváme, se nazývá
âcopyleftâ.(1) "
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"Copyleft uses copyright law, but flips it over to serve the opposite of its "
"usual purpose: instead of a means for restricting a program, it becomes a "
@@ -821,7 +968,7 @@
"sloužilo k opaÄným úÄelům než obvykle: namÃsto prostÅedku ke
spoutánà "
"software, se stává prostÅedkem k udrženà software svobodným."
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"The central idea of copyleft is that we give everyone permission to run the "
"program, copy the program, modify the program, and distribute modified "
@@ -835,7 +982,7 @@
"definujà âsvobodný softwareâ zaruÄeny pro každého, kdo má kopii;
stávajà se "
"nezcizitelnými právy."
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"For an effective copyleft, modified versions must also be free. This "
"ensures that work based on ours becomes available to our community if it is "
@@ -851,7 +998,7 @@
"âNesmÃte sdÃlet tyto zmÄny, protože je použijeme k vytvoÅenà naÅ¡Ã "
"proprietárnà verze programu.â"
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"The requirement that changes must be free is essential if we want to ensure "
"freedom for every user of the program. The companies that privatized the X "
@@ -868,7 +1015,7 @@
"výmluvou k odepÅenà svobody uživatelům, bylo by pro kohokoli velmi
snadné z "
"této výmluvy tÄžit."
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"A related issue concerns combining a free program with nonfree code. Such a "
"combination would inevitably be nonfree; whichever freedoms are lacking for "
@@ -886,13 +1033,27 @@
"kombinovaný s copyleftovaným programem, musà být takový, aby dalšà "
"kombinovaná verze byla rovnÄž svobodná a copyleftovaná."
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
+# | The specific implementation of copyleft that we use for most GNU software
+# | is the GNU General Public License, or GNU GPL for short. We have other
+# | kinds of copyleft that are used in specific circumstances. GNU manuals
+# | are copylefted also, but use a much simpler kind of copyleft, because the
+# | complexity of the GNU GPL is not necessary for [-manuals.(2)-]
+# | {+manuals. <a href=\"#ft4\">[4]</a>+}
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "The specific implementation of copyleft that we use for most GNU software "
+#| "is the GNU General Public License, or GNU GPL for short. We have other "
+#| "kinds of copyleft that are used in specific circumstances. GNU manuals "
+#| "are copylefted also, but use a much simpler kind of copyleft, because the "
+#| "complexity of the GNU GPL is not necessary for manuals.(2)"
msgid ""
"The specific implementation of copyleft that we use for most GNU software is "
"the GNU General Public License, or GNU GPL for short. We have other kinds "
"of copyleft that are used in specific circumstances. GNU manuals are "
"copylefted also, but use a much simpler kind of copyleft, because the "
-"complexity of the GNU GPL is not necessary for manuals.(2)"
+"complexity of the GNU GPL is not necessary for manuals. <a href="
+"\"#ft4\">[4]</a>"
msgstr ""
"Specifická implementace copyleftu, kterou použÃváme ve vÄtÅ¡inÄ GNU
softwaru, "
"je GNU General Public License, zkrácenÄ GNU GPL. Máme ovÅ¡em i jiné druhy
"
@@ -900,36 +1061,34 @@
"copyleftovány, ale použÃvajà mnohem jednoduÅ¡Å¡Ã druh copyleftu,
protože pro "
"nÄ nenà tÅeba složitosti GNU GPL. (2)"
-#. type: Content of: <p>
-msgid ""
-"(1) In 1984 or 1985, Don Hopkins (a very imaginative fellow) mailed me a "
-"letter. On the envelope he had written several amusing sayings, including "
-"this one: “Copyleft—all rights reversed.” I used the word "
-"“copyleft” to name the distribution concept I was developing at "
-"the time."
-msgstr ""
-"(1) V roce 1984 nebo 1985 mi poslal dopis Don Hopkins (nápady srÅ¡Ãcà "
-"ÄlovÄk). Na obálku napsal pár vtipných poznámek, vÄetnÄ této:
âCopyleft â "
-"vÅ¡echna práva vyhrazenaâ. PoužÃval jsem výraz âcopyleftâ k
oznaÄenà konceptu "
-"distribuce, který jsem v té dobÄ vyvÃjel."
-
-#. type: Content of: <p>
-msgid ""
-"(2) We now use the <a href=\"/licenses/fdl.html\">GNU Free Documentation "
-"License</a> for documentation."
-msgstr ""
-"(2) Pro dokumentaci teÄ použÃváme <a href=\"/licenses/fdl.html\">GNU Free
"
-"Documentation License</a>."
-
-#. type: Content of: <h3>
+#. type: Content of: <div><h3>
msgid "The Free Software Foundation"
msgstr "Nadace pro svobodný software"
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
+# | As interest in using Emacs was growing, other people became involved in
+# | the GNU project, and we decided that it was time to seek funding once
+# | again. So in 1985 we created the <a
+# | href=\"http{+s+}://www.fsf.org/\">Free Software Foundation</a> (FSF), a
+# | tax-exempt charity for free software development. The <abbr title=\"Free
+# | Software Foundation\">FSF</abbr> also took over the Emacs tape
+# | distribution business; later it extended this by adding other free
+# | software (both GNU and non-GNU) to the tape, and by selling free manuals
+# | as well.
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "As interest in using Emacs was growing, other people became involved in "
+#| "the GNU project, and we decided that it was time to seek funding once "
+#| "again. So in 1985 we created the <a href=\"http://www.fsf.org/\";>Free "
+#| "Software Foundation</a> (FSF), a tax-exempt charity for free software "
+#| "development. The <abbr title=\"Free Software Foundation\">FSF</abbr> "
+#| "also took over the Emacs tape distribution business; later it extended "
+#| "this by adding other free software (both GNU and non-GNU) to the tape, "
+#| "and by selling free manuals as well."
msgid ""
"As interest in using Emacs was growing, other people became involved in the "
"GNU project, and we decided that it was time to seek funding once again. So "
-"in 1985 we created the <a href=\"http://www.fsf.org/\";>Free Software "
+"in 1985 we created the <a href=\"https://www.fsf.org/\";>Free Software "
"Foundation</a> (FSF), a tax-exempt charity for free software development. "
"The <abbr title=\"Free Software Foundation\">FSF</abbr> also took over the "
"Emacs tape distribution business; later it extended this by adding other "
@@ -945,16 +1104,37 @@
"obchod rozÅ¡ÃÅil dÃky tomu, že jsme na pásku pÅidali dalÅ¡Ã svobodný
software "
"(jak GNU, tak ne-GNU) a také jsme zaÄali prodávat manuály."
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
+# | Most of the FSF's income used to come from sales of copies of free
+# | software and of other related services (CD-ROMs of source code, CD-ROMs
+# | with binaries, nicely printed manuals, all with the freedom to
+# | redistribute and modify), and Deluxe Distributions (distributions for
+# | which we built the whole collection of software for the customer's choice
+# | of platform). Today the FSF still <a href=\"http{+s+}://shop.fsf.org/\">
+# | sells manuals and other gear</a>, but it gets the bulk of its funding from
+# | members' dues. You can join the FSF at <a
+# | [-href=\"http://fsf.org/join\";>fsf.org</a>.-]
+# | {+href=\"https://my.fsf.org/join\";>fsf.org</a>.+}
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "Most of the FSF's income used to come from sales of copies of free "
+#| "software and of other related services (CD-ROMs of source code, CD-ROMs "
+#| "with binaries, nicely printed manuals, all with the freedom to "
+#| "redistribute and modify), and Deluxe Distributions (distributions for "
+#| "which we built the whole collection of software for the customer's choice "
+#| "of platform). Today the FSF still <a href=\"http://shop.fsf.org/\";> "
+#| "sells manuals and other gear</a>, but it gets the bulk of its funding "
+#| "from members' dues. You can join the FSF at <a href=\"http://fsf.org/join";
+#| "\">fsf.org</a>."
msgid ""
"Most of the FSF's income used to come from sales of copies of free software "
"and of other related services (CD-ROMs of source code, CD-ROMs with "
"binaries, nicely printed manuals, all with the freedom to redistribute and "
"modify), and Deluxe Distributions (distributions for which we built the "
"whole collection of software for the customer's choice of platform). Today "
-"the FSF still <a href=\"http://shop.fsf.org/\";> sells manuals and other "
+"the FSF still <a href=\"https://shop.fsf.org/\";> sells manuals and other "
"gear</a>, but it gets the bulk of its funding from members' dues. You can "
-"join the FSF at <a href=\"http://fsf.org/join\";>fsf.org</a>."
+"join the FSF at <a href=\"https://my.fsf.org/join\";>fsf.org</a>."
msgstr ""
"Nadace pro svobodný software pÅijÃmá sponzorské dary, ale vÄtÅ¡ina
jejÃch "
"pÅÃjmů vždy pocházela z prodeje kopià svobodného software a jiných
služeb s "
@@ -966,7 +1146,24 @@
"pÅÃspÄvky. K FSF se můžete pÅipojit na <a
href=\"http://fsf.org/join\";>fsf."
"org</a>."
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
+# | Free Software Foundation employees have written and maintained a number of
+# | GNU software packages. Two notable ones are the C library and the shell.
+# | The GNU C library is what every program running on a GNU/Linux system uses
+# | to communicate with Linux. It was developed by a member of the Free
+# | Software Foundation staff, Roland McGrath. The shell used on most
+# | GNU/Linux systems is <abbr title=\"Bourne Again Shell\">BASH</abbr>, the
+# | Bourne Again [-Shell(1),-] {+SHell <a href=\"#ft5\">[5]</a>,+} which
+# | was developed by FSF employee Brian Fox.
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "Free Software Foundation employees have written and maintained a number "
+#| "of GNU software packages. Two notable ones are the C library and the "
+#| "shell. The GNU C library is what every program running on a GNU/Linux "
+#| "system uses to communicate with Linux. It was developed by a member of "
+#| "the Free Software Foundation staff, Roland McGrath. The shell used on "
+#| "most GNU/Linux systems is <abbr title=\"Bourne Again Shell\">BASH</abbr>, "
+#| "the Bourne Again Shell(1), which was developed by FSF employee Brian Fox."
msgid ""
"Free Software Foundation employees have written and maintained a number of "
"GNU software packages. Two notable ones are the C library and the shell. "
@@ -974,7 +1171,8 @@
"to communicate with Linux. It was developed by a member of the Free "
"Software Foundation staff, Roland McGrath. The shell used on most GNU/Linux "
"systems is <abbr title=\"Bourne Again Shell\">BASH</abbr>, the Bourne Again "
-"Shell(1), which was developed by FSF employee Brian Fox."
+"SHell <a href=\"#ft5\">[5]</a>, which was developed by FSF employee "
+"Brian Fox."
msgstr ""
"ZamÄstnanci Nadace pro svobodný software napsali a udržovali mnoho
balÃÄků "
"GNU. Dva významné jsou knihovny pro C a shell. GNU C knihovna je tÃm, co "
@@ -983,7 +1181,7 @@
"Linux systémů je použÃvaným shellem <abbr title=\"Bourne Again
Shell\">BASH</"
"abbr> â Bourne Again Shell(1), vyvinutý zamÄstnancem FSF, Brianem Foxem."
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"We funded development of these programs because the GNU Project was not just "
"about tools or a development environment. Our goal was a complete operating "
@@ -993,19 +1191,11 @@
"nástrojÃch Äi vývojovém prostÅedÃ. NaÅ¡Ãm cÃlem byl kompletnÃ
operaÄnà systém "
"a tyto programy jsme pro dosaženà cÃle potÅebovali."
-#. type: Content of: <p>
-msgid ""
-"(1) “Bourne Again Shell” is a play on the name “Bourne "
-"Shell”, which was the usual shell on Unix."
-msgstr ""
-"(1) âBourne again Shellâ je parodià na jméno âBourne Shellâ, což
byl shell "
-"obvykle použÃvaný v Unixu."
-
-#. type: Content of: <h3>
+#. type: Content of: <div><h3>
msgid "Free software support"
msgstr "Podpora svobodného software"
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"The free software philosophy rejects a specific widespread business "
"practice, but it is not against business. When businesses respect the "
@@ -1015,7 +1205,7 @@
"nestavà se proti komerci jako takové. Pokud obchod respektuje svobody "
"uživatele, pÅejeme mu úspÄch."
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"Selling copies of Emacs demonstrates one kind of free software business. "
"When the FSF took over that business, I needed another way to make a "
@@ -1031,7 +1221,7 @@
"jako napÅÃklad jak programovat GNU Emacs a jak si pÅizpůsobit GCC, a
vývoj "
"softwaru, pÅevážnÄ portovánà GCC na nové platformy."
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"Today each of these kinds of free software business is practiced by a number "
"of corporations. Some distribute free software collections on CD-ROM; "
@@ -1046,14 +1236,33 @@
"Dokonce se zaÄÃnajà objevovat firmy založené na vydávánà nových
svobodných "
"softwarových produktů."
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
+# | Watch out, though—a number of companies that associate themselves
+# | with the term “open source” actually base their business on
+# | nonfree software that works with free software. These are not free
+# | software companies, they are proprietary software companies whose products
+# | tempt users away from freedom. They call these programs
+# | “value-added [-packages”,-] {+packages,”+} which shows
+# | the values they would like us to adopt: convenience above freedom. If we
+# | value freedom more, we should call them “freedom-subtracted”
+# | packages.
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "Watch out, though—a number of companies that associate themselves "
+#| "with the term “open source” actually base their business on "
+#| "nonfree software that works with free software. These are not free "
+#| "software companies, they are proprietary software companies whose "
+#| "products tempt users away from freedom. They call these programs “"
+#| "value-added packages”, which shows the values they would like us to "
+#| "adopt: convenience above freedom. If we value freedom more, we should "
+#| "call them “freedom-subtracted” packages."
msgid ""
"Watch out, though—a number of companies that associate themselves with "
"the term “open source” actually base their business on nonfree "
"software that works with free software. These are not free software "
"companies, they are proprietary software companies whose products tempt "
"users away from freedom. They call these programs “value-added "
-"packages”, which shows the values they would like us to adopt: "
+"packages,” which shows the values they would like us to adopt: "
"convenience above freedom. If we value freedom more, we should call them "
"“freedom-subtracted” packages."
msgstr ""
@@ -1066,11 +1275,11 @@
"výhodnostà a svobodou. CenÃme-li si svobody vÃce, mÄli bychom je
nazývat "
"âprodukty zbavené svobodyâ. "
-#. type: Content of: <h3>
+#. type: Content of: <div><h3>
msgid "Technical goals"
msgstr "Technické cÃle"
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"The principal goal of GNU is to be free software. Even if GNU had no "
"technical advantage over Unix, it would have a social advantage, allowing "
@@ -1081,7 +1290,7 @@
"by dovolovalo uživatelům spolupracovat, a etickým pÅÃnosem, neboÅ¥ by "
"respektovalo jejich svobody."
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"But it was natural to apply the known standards of good practice to the "
"work—for example, dynamically allocating data structures to avoid "
@@ -1093,7 +1302,7 @@
"fixnÃm limitům nebo použÃvat veÅ¡keré možné osmibitové kódy vÅ¡ude
tam, kde to "
"mÄlo smysl."
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"In addition, we rejected the Unix focus on small memory size, by deciding "
"not to support 16-bit machines (it was clear that 32-bit machines would be "
@@ -1111,7 +1320,7 @@
"povzbuzovali programátory, aby naÄetli celé vstupnà soubory do jádra a
poté "
"procházeli jejich obsah bez obav o I/O operace."
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"These decisions enabled many GNU programs to surpass their Unix counterparts "
"in reliability and speed."
@@ -1119,11 +1328,11 @@
"Tato rozhodnutà umožnila mnoha GNU programům pÅedÄit jejich unixové "
"protÄjÅ¡ky ve spolehlivosti a rychlosti."
-#. type: Content of: <h3>
+#. type: Content of: <div><h3>
msgid "Donated computers"
msgstr "Darované poÄÃtaÄe"
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"As the GNU Project's reputation grew, people began offering to donate "
"machines running Unix to the project. These were very useful, because the "
@@ -1137,7 +1346,7 @@
"druhého systému. Bohužel to však vyvolalo etický problém: jestli je
vůbec "
"správné mÃt kopii Unixu."
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"Unix was (and is) proprietary software, and the GNU Project's philosophy "
"said that we should not use proprietary software. But, applying the same "
@@ -1153,7 +1362,7 @@
"software tam, kde je důležitým pro vývoj svobodných náhrad, které by
pomohly "
"ostatnÃm pÅestat použÃvat proprietárnà software."
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"But, even if this was a justifiable evil, it was still an evil. Today we no "
"longer have any copies of Unix, because we have replaced them with free "
@@ -1166,11 +1375,11 @@
"nahradit stávajÃcà poÄÃtaÄový systém systémem svobodným, nahradili
bychom "
"radÄji poÄÃtaÄ."
-#. type: Content of: <h3>
+#. type: Content of: <div><h3>
msgid "The GNU Task List"
msgstr "Seznam úloh GNU"
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"As the GNU Project proceeded, and increasing numbers of system components "
"were found or developed, eventually it became useful to make a list of the "
@@ -1186,13 +1395,27 @@
"chybÄjÃcÃch unixových komponent jsme pÅidali i jiný užiteÄný
software a "
"dokumentaci, kterou by podle nás mÄl opravdu kompletnà systém mÃt."
-#. type: Content of: <p>
-msgid ""
-"Today (1), hardly any Unix components are left in the GNU Task List—"
-"those jobs had been done, aside from a few inessential ones. But the list "
-"is full of projects that some might call “applications”. Any "
-"program that appeals to more than a narrow class of users would be a useful "
-"thing to add to an operating system."
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
+# | [-Today (1),-]{+Today <a href=\"#ft6\">[6]</a>,+} hardly any Unix
+# | components are left in the GNU Task List—those jobs had been done,
+# | aside from a few inessential ones. But the list is full of projects that
+# | some might call [-“applications”.-]
+# | {+“applications.”+} Any program that appeals to more than a
+# | narrow class of users would be a useful thing to add to an operating
+# | system.
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "Today (1), hardly any Unix components are left in the GNU Task List—"
+#| "those jobs had been done, aside from a few inessential ones. But the "
+#| "list is full of projects that some might call “"
+#| "applications”. Any program that appeals to more than a narrow "
+#| "class of users would be a useful thing to add to an operating system."
+msgid ""
+"Today <a href=\"#ft6\">[6]</a>, hardly any Unix components are left in "
+"the GNU Task List—those jobs had been done, aside from a few "
+"inessential ones. But the list is full of projects that some might call "
+"“applications.” Any program that appeals to more than a narrow "
+"class of users would be a useful thing to add to an operating system."
msgstr ""
"Nynà (1) jsou na seznamu úloh GNU stÄžà nÄjaké komponenty Unixu â
všechno "
"již bylo vytvoÅeno, kromÄ nÄkolika nepÅÃliÅ¡ důležitých. Seznam je
však plný "
@@ -1200,7 +1423,7 @@
"jež se zamlouvá vÃce lidem než úzké skupinÄ uživatelů, by bylo
užiteÄné "
"pÅidat k operaÄnÃmu systému."
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"Even games are included in the task list—and have been since the "
"beginning. Unix included games, so naturally GNU should too. But "
@@ -1214,33 +1437,31 @@
"Unix. NamÃsto toho jsme sepsali Åadu her různých typů, které by se "
"uživatelům mohly zamlouvat."
-#. type: Content of: <p>
-msgid ""
-"(1) That was written in 1998. In 2009 we no longer maintain a long task "
-"list. The community develops free software so fast that we can't even keep "
-"track of it all. Instead, we have a list of High Priority Projects, a much "
-"shorter list of projects we really want to encourage people to write."
-msgstr ""
-"(1) Byl sepsán v roce 1998. Od roku 2009 už seznam úkolů neudržujeme. "
-"Komunita vyvÃjà svobodný software tak rychle, že už ani nestÃháme
všechno "
-"sledovat. MÃsto toho máme Seznam vysoce důležitých projektů â mnohem
kratšà "
-"seznam programů, u kterých výraznÄ podporujeme, aby je lidé napsali."
-
-#. type: Content of: <h3>
+#. type: Content of: <div><h3>
msgid "The GNU Library GPL"
msgstr "GNU knihovnà GPL (LGPL)"
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
+# | The GNU C library uses a special kind of copyleft called the GNU Library
+# | General Public [-License(1),-] {+License <a href=\"#ft7\">[7]</a>,+}
+# | which gives permission to link proprietary software with the library. Why
+# | make this exception?
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "The GNU C library uses a special kind of copyleft called the GNU Library "
+#| "General Public License(1), which gives permission to link proprietary "
+#| "software with the library. Why make this exception?"
msgid ""
"The GNU C library uses a special kind of copyleft called the GNU Library "
-"General Public License(1), which gives permission to link proprietary "
-"software with the library. Why make this exception?"
+"General Public License <a href=\"#ft7\">[7]</a>, which gives "
+"permission to link proprietary software with the library. Why make this "
+"exception?"
msgstr ""
"GNU knihovna pro C použÃvá zvláštnà druh copyleftu nazvaný GNU Library
"
"General Public License (1). Tento copyleft umožÅuje spojit proprietárnà "
"software s knihovnami. ProÄ jsme udÄlali tuto výjimku?"
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"It is not a matter of principle; there is no principle that says proprietary "
"software products are entitled to include our code. (Why contribute to a "
@@ -1252,7 +1473,7 @@
"projektu založeném na tom, že s námi odmÃtne cokoliv sdÃlet?)
PoužÃvánà LGPL "
"pro C knihovnu, Äi pro jakoukoliv knihovnu, je otázkou strategie."
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"The C library does a generic job; every proprietary system or compiler comes "
"with a C library. Therefore, to make our C library available only to free "
@@ -1264,7 +1485,7 @@
"svobodnému softwaru nemÄlo pro svobodný software žádné výhody â jen
by "
"odrazovalo od jejÃho použÃvánÃ."
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"One system is an exception to this: on the GNU system (and this includes GNU/"
"Linux), the GNU C library is the only C library. So the distribution terms "
@@ -1283,7 +1504,7 @@
"spÃÅ¡e odrazovalo od použÃvánà GNU systému než povzbuzovalo rozvoj
svobodných "
"aplikacÃ."
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"For other libraries, the strategic decision needs to be considered on a case-"
"by-case basis. When a library does a special job that can help write "
@@ -1297,7 +1518,7 @@
"a omezenà pouze na svobodné programy způsobem, jak pomoci ostatnÃm
vývojáÅům "
"svobodného software, tÃm, že budou zvýhodnÄni oproti proprietárnÃmu
software."
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"Consider GNU Readline, a library that was developed to provide command-line "
"editing for BASH. Readline is released under the ordinary GNU GPL, not the "
@@ -1313,7 +1534,7 @@
"pÅinejmenÅ¡Ãm jedna užiteÄná aplikace stala svobodnou, aby mohla
použÃvat "
"Readline, a to je pro komunitu velkou výhrou."
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"Proprietary software developers have the advantages money provides; free "
"software developers need to make advantages for each other. I hope some day "
@@ -1329,23 +1550,11 @@
"užiteÄné moduly sloužÃcà jako stavebnà kameny nového svobodného
software a "
"zÃskáme tak dalÅ¡Ã výhodu pro jeho rozvoj."
-#. type: Content of: <p>
-msgid ""
-"(1) This license is now called the GNU Lesser General Public License, to "
-"avoid giving the idea that all libraries ought to use it. See <a href=\"/"
-"philosophy/why-not-lgpl.html\">Why you shouldn't use the Lesser GPL for your "
-"next library</a> for more information."
-msgstr ""
-"(1) Abychom pÅedeÅ¡li pocitu, že by pod nà mÄly být vydávány vÅ¡echny "
-"knihovny, nazýváme teÄ tuto licenci GNU Lesser General Public License. Pro
"
-"vÃce informacà se podÃvejte na: <a href=\"/philosophy/why-not-lgpl.html"
-"\">ProÄ byste nemÄli použÃt Lesser GPL pro vaÅ¡i pÅÃÅ¡tà knihovnu</a>."
-
-#. type: Content of: <h3>
+#. type: Content of: <div><h3>
msgid "Scratching an itch?"
msgstr "ÅeÅ¡enà problému?"
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"Eric Raymond says that “Every good work of software starts by "
"scratching a developer's personal itch.” Maybe that happens sometimes, "
@@ -1358,7 +1567,7 @@
"software bylo rozvÃjeno kvůli tomu, abychom mÄli kompletnà svobodný
operaÄnà "
"systém. Byly vytvoÅeny na základÄ urÄité vize a plánu, ne z impulzu."
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"For example, we developed the GNU C library because a Unix-like system needs "
"a C library, BASH because a Unix-like system needs a shell, and GNU tar "
@@ -1370,7 +1579,7 @@
"shell, a GNU tar, z toho samého důvodu jako tyto dvÄ pÅedchozÃ. Totéž
platà "
"i pro mé vlastnà programy â GNU C pÅekladaÄ, GNU Emacs, GDB a GNU Make."
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"Some GNU programs were developed to cope with specific threats to our "
"freedom. Thus, we developed gzip to replace the Compress program, which had "
@@ -1391,7 +1600,7 @@
"software, protože by si uživatelé nemÄli být nuceni vybÃrat mezi
soukromÃm a "
"svobodou."
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"Of course, the people writing these programs became interested in the work, "
"and many features were added to them by various people for the sake of their "
@@ -1401,11 +1610,11 @@
"souÄástà pÅidali lidé, kvůli svým potÅebám a zájmům. To ale nenÃ
důvod proÄ "
"tyto programy existujÃ."
-#. type: Content of: <h3>
+#. type: Content of: <div><h3>
msgid "Unexpected developments"
msgstr "NeoÄekávaný vývoj"
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"At the beginning of the GNU Project, I imagined that we would develop the "
"whole GNU system, then release it as a whole. That is not how it happened."
@@ -1413,7 +1622,7 @@
"Na poÄátku projektu GNU jsem si pÅedstavoval, že vyvineme celý GNU
systém a "
"poté ho jako celek vydáme. To se však nestalo."
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"Since each component of the GNU system was implemented on a Unix system, "
"each component could run on Unix systems long before a complete GNU system "
@@ -1427,7 +1636,7 @@
"oblibu, a uživatelé je zaÄali Å¡ÃÅit a portovat â na různé
nekompatibilnà "
"verze Unixu a nÄkdy též do jiných systémů."
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"The process made these programs much more powerful, and attracted both funds "
"and contributors to the GNU Project. But it probably also delayed "
@@ -1442,11 +1651,11 @@
"Äas do údržby portů a pÅidávánà funkcionalit k existujÃcÃm
souÄástem, radÄji "
"než aby pokraÄovali v psanà chybÄjÃcÃch ÄástÃ, jedné po druhé."
-#. type: Content of: <h3>
+#. type: Content of: <div><h3>
msgid "The GNU Hurd"
msgstr "GNU Hurd"
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"By 1990, the GNU system was almost complete; the only major missing "
"component was the kernel. We had decided to implement our kernel as a "
@@ -1465,7 +1674,7 @@
"různé Äinnosti unixového jádra. Zahájenà vývoje se zpozdilo kvůli
tomu, že "
"jsme Äekali, až uvolnà Mach coby svobodný software, jak nám bylo
slÃbeno."
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"One reason for choosing this design was to avoid what seemed to be the "
"hardest part of the job: debugging a kernel program without a source-level "
@@ -1483,11 +1692,11 @@
"se, že je velmi obtÞné odladit vÃce-procesové servery, které si
navzájem "
"posÃlajà zprávy. Trvalo mnoho let než HURD zaÄal spolehlivÄ fungovat."
-#. type: Content of: <h3>
+#. type: Content of: <div><h3>
msgid "Alix"
msgstr "Alix"
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"The GNU kernel was not originally supposed to be called the Hurd. Its "
"original name was Alix—named after the woman who was my sweetheart at "
@@ -1503,7 +1712,7 @@
"mÄl nÄkdo pojmenovat kernel po nÃ. Nic jsem neÅÃkal, ale rozhodl jsem se
ji "
"pÅekvapit kernelem s názvem Alix."
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"It did not stay that way. Michael (now Thomas) Bushnell, the main developer "
"of the kernel, preferred the name Hurd, and redefined Alix to refer to a "
@@ -1515,7 +1724,7 @@
"kernelu â konkrétnÄ k té, co zachycuje systémová volánà a posÃlá
zprávy HURD "
"serverům."
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"Later, Alix and I broke up, and she changed her name; independently, the "
"Hurd design was changed so that the C library would send messages directly "
@@ -1525,7 +1734,7 @@
"zmÄnÄn design HURDu tak, aby C knihovna posÃlala zprávy pÅÃmo
serverům, a "
"dÃky tomu souÄást Alix zmizela z návrhu."
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"But before these things happened, a friend of hers came across the name Alix "
"in the Hurd source code, and mentioned it to her. So she did have the "
@@ -1535,11 +1744,11 @@
"ti jà Åekli o názvu Alix ve zdrojovém kódu HURDu, takže jméno odvedlo
svou "
"práci."
-#. type: Content of: <h3>
+#. type: Content of: <div><h3>
msgid "Linux and GNU/Linux"
msgstr "Linux a GNU/Linux"
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"The GNU Hurd is not suitable for production use, and we don't know if it "
"ever will be. The capability-based design has problems that result directly "
@@ -1550,7 +1759,7 @@
"bude. Z flexibility návrhu pramenà urÄité problémy a zatÃm nenÃ
zÅejmé, jak "
"je vyÅeÅ¡it."
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"Fortunately, another kernel is available. In 1991, Linus Torvalds developed "
"a Unix-compatible kernel and called it Linux. It was proprietary at first, "
@@ -1566,12 +1775,26 @@
"operaÄnà systém. (Jejich zkombinovánà bylo samozÅejmÄ samo o sobÄ
podstatným "
"úkolem.) VlastnÄ můžeme spouÅ¡tÄt verze GNU systému dÃky Linuxu."
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
+# | We call this system version <a href=\"/gnu/linux-and-gnu.html\">
+# | GNU/Linux</a>, to express its composition as a combination of the GNU
+# | system with Linux as the kernel. Please don't fall into the practice of
+# | calling the whole system [-“Linux”,-] {+“Linux,”+}
+# | since that means attributing our work to someone else. Please <a
+# | href=\"/gnu/gnu-linux-faq.html\"> give us equal mention</a>.
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "We call this system version <a href=\"/gnu/linux-and-gnu.html\"> GNU/"
+#| "Linux</a>, to express its composition as a combination of the GNU system "
+#| "with Linux as the kernel. Please don't fall into the practice of calling "
+#| "the whole system “Linux”, since that means attributing our "
+#| "work to someone else. Please <a href=\"/gnu/gnu-linux-faq.html\"> give "
+#| "us equal mention</a>."
msgid ""
"We call this system version <a href=\"/gnu/linux-and-gnu.html\"> GNU/Linux</"
"a>, to express its composition as a combination of the GNU system with Linux "
"as the kernel. Please don't fall into the practice of calling the whole "
-"system “Linux”, since that means attributing our work to someone "
+"system “Linux,” since that means attributing our work to someone "
"else. Please <a href=\"/gnu/gnu-linux-faq.html\"> give us equal mention</a>."
msgstr ""
"Tento systém nazýváme <a href=\"/gnu/linux-and-gnu.html\">GNU/Linux</a>, "
@@ -1581,11 +1804,11 @@
"jinému. PÅiznejte nám prosÃm zásluhy <a href=\"/gnu/gnu-linux-faq.html"
"\">rovným dÃlem</a>."
-#. type: Content of: <h3>
+#. type: Content of: <div><h3>
msgid "Challenges in our future"
msgstr "Výzvy v našà budoucnosti"
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"We have proved our ability to develop a broad spectrum of free software. "
"This does not mean we are invincible and unstoppable. Several challenges "
@@ -1601,15 +1824,15 @@
"nÄmž lidé dajà najevo, že si své svobody vážà a nenechajà si ji od
nikoho "
"vzÃt."
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid "The following four sections discuss these challenges."
msgstr "NásledujÃcà ÄtyÅi oddÃly popisujà tyto výzvy."
-#. type: Content of: <h3>
+#. type: Content of: <div><h3>
msgid "Secret hardware"
msgstr "Tajemný hardware"
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"Hardware manufacturers increasingly tend to keep hardware specifications "
"secret. This makes it difficult to write free drivers so that Linux and "
@@ -1622,7 +1845,7 @@
"systémy, ale nebudeme je mÃt pozdÄji, pakliže nebudou schopny podporovat "
"budoucà poÄÃtaÄe."
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"There are two ways to cope with this problem. Programmers can do reverse "
"engineering to figure out how to support the hardware. The rest of us can "
@@ -1635,14 +1858,29 @@
"softwarem; jak náš poÄet poroste, utajovánà specifikacà se stane
taktikou "
"porážejÃcà sebe sama."
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
+# | Reverse engineering is a big job; will we have programmers with sufficient
+# | determination to undertake it? Yes—if we have built up a strong
+# | feeling that free software is a matter of principle, and nonfree drivers
+# | are intolerable. And will large numbers of us spend extra money, or even
+# | a little extra time, so we can use free drivers? Yes, if the determination
+# | to have freedom is [-widespread.-] {+widespread. <a
+# | href=\"#ft8\">[8]</a>+}
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "Reverse engineering is a big job; will we have programmers with "
+#| "sufficient determination to undertake it? Yes—if we have built up a "
+#| "strong feeling that free software is a matter of principle, and nonfree "
+#| "drivers are intolerable. And will large numbers of us spend extra money, "
+#| "or even a little extra time, so we can use free drivers? Yes, if the "
+#| "determination to have freedom is widespread."
msgid ""
"Reverse engineering is a big job; will we have programmers with sufficient "
"determination to undertake it? Yes—if we have built up a strong "
"feeling that free software is a matter of principle, and nonfree drivers are "
"intolerable. And will large numbers of us spend extra money, or even a "
"little extra time, so we can use free drivers? Yes, if the determination to "
-"have freedom is widespread."
+"have freedom is widespread. <a href=\"#ft8\">[8]</a>"
msgstr ""
"ZpÄtné inženýrstvà je velký kus práce; budeme mÃt programátory s
dostateÄným "
"odhodlánÃm pustit se do toho? Ano â pokud budou lidé pÅesvÄdÄeni, že
"
@@ -1651,23 +1889,11 @@
"Äasu, abychom mohli použÃvat svobodné ovladaÄe? Ano, jestliže
odhodlánà mÃt "
"svobodu bude rozÅ¡ÃÅené."
-#. type: Content of: <p>
-msgid ""
-"(2008 note: this issue extends to the BIOS as well. There is a free BIOS, "
-"<a href=\"http://www.libreboot.org/\";>LibreBoot</a> (a distribution of "
-"coreboot); the problem is getting specs for machines so that LibreBoot can "
-"support them without nonfree “blobs”.)"
-msgstr ""
-"(Poznámka z roku 2008: tato záležitost se týká i BIOSu. Máme k
dispozici "
-"jeho svobodnou náhradu <a href=\"http://www.libreboot.org/\";>LibreBoot</a>, "
-"svobodnou distribuci corebootu, ale je tu problém se zÃskávánÃm
specifikacà "
-"hardwaru, aby ho LibreBoot mohl podporovat i bez proprietárnÃch
âblobůâ.)"
-
-#. type: Content of: <h3>
+#. type: Content of: <div><h3>
msgid "Nonfree libraries"
msgstr "Nesvobodné knihovny"
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"A nonfree library that runs on free operating systems acts as a trap for "
"free software developers. The library's attractive features are the bait; "
@@ -1686,7 +1912,7 @@
"knihovnu stane populárnÃ, může nalákat jiné nic netuÅ¡ÃcÃ
programátory do "
"pasti. "
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"The first instance of this problem was the Motif toolkit, back in the 80s. "
"Although there were as yet no free operating systems, it was clear what "
@@ -1707,7 +1933,7 @@
"stal dostateÄnÄ výkonným aby podporoval vÄtÅ¡inu aplikacà Motifu až v
roce "
"1997."
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"Between 1996 and 1998, another nonfree <abbr title=\"Graphical User Interface"
"\">GUI</abbr> toolkit library, called Qt, was used in a substantial "
@@ -1718,7 +1944,7 @@
"User Interface\">GUI</abbr> knihovna nazvaná Qt v důležité kolekci "
"svobodného softwaru, desktopovém prostÅedà KDE."
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"Free GNU/Linux systems were unable to use KDE, because we could not use the "
"library. However, some commercial distributors of GNU/Linux systems who "
@@ -1736,7 +1962,7 @@
"milióny nových âlinuxových uživatelůâ nebyly nikdy seznámeny s
tÃm, že je s "
"tÃm nÄco v nepoÅádku. Situace vypadala hrozivÄ."
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"The free software community responded to the problem in two ways: GNOME and "
"Harmony."
@@ -1744,7 +1970,7 @@
"Komunita svobodného softwaru odpovÄdÄla na problém dvÄma způsoby: GNOME
a "
"Harmony."
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"GNOME, the GNU Network Object Model Environment, is GNU's desktop project. "
"Started in 1997 by Miguel de Icaza, and developed with the support of Red "
@@ -1760,7 +1986,7 @@
"napÅÃklad podporu mnoha jazyků, nikoliv jen C++. HlavnÃm důvodem vÅ¡ak
byla "
"svoboda: aby nebylo tÅeba použÃvat jakýkoliv nesvobodný software."
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"Harmony is a compatible replacement library, designed to make it possible to "
"run KDE software without using Qt."
@@ -1768,13 +1994,28 @@
"Harmony je kompatibilnà náhrada knihovny, navržená tak, aby umožÅovala "
"spustit KDE software bez použità Qt."
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
+# | In November 1998, the developers of Qt announced a change of license
+# | which, when carried out, should make Qt free software. There is no way to
+# | be sure, but I think that this was partly due to the community's firm
+# | response to the problem that Qt posed when it was nonfree. (The new
+# | license is inconvenient and inequitable, so it remains desirable to avoid
+# | using [-Qt.)-] {+Qt. <a href=\"#ft9\">[9]</a>)+}
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "In November 1998, the developers of Qt announced a change of license "
+#| "which, when carried out, should make Qt free software. There is no way "
+#| "to be sure, but I think that this was partly due to the community's firm "
+#| "response to the problem that Qt posed when it was nonfree. (The new "
+#| "license is inconvenient and inequitable, so it remains desirable to avoid "
+#| "using Qt.)"
msgid ""
"In November 1998, the developers of Qt announced a change of license which, "
"when carried out, should make Qt free software. There is no way to be sure, "
"but I think that this was partly due to the community's firm response to the "
"problem that Qt posed when it was nonfree. (The new license is inconvenient "
-"and inequitable, so it remains desirable to avoid using Qt.)"
+"and inequitable, so it remains desirable to avoid using Qt. <a href="
+"\"#ft9\">[9]</a>)"
msgstr ""
"V listopadu 1998 ohlásili vývojáÅi Qt zmÄnu licence. Z Qt se tak mÄl
stát "
"svobodný software. Nejsem si zcela jistý, ale domnÃvám se, že se tak
stalo "
@@ -1782,15 +2023,7 @@
"Qt. (Nová licence je nevýhodná a nespravedlivá, takže je stále
žádoucà "
"vyvarovat se použità Qt.)"
-#. type: Content of: <p>
-msgid ""
-"[Subsequent note: in September 2000, Qt was rereleased under the GNU GPL, "
-"which essentially solved this problem.]"
-msgstr ""
-"[DodateÄná poznámka: v záÅà 2000 bylo Qt vydáno pod licencà GNU GPL,
což "
-"tento problém vyÅeÅ¡ilo]"
-
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"How will we respond to the next tempting nonfree library? Will the whole "
"community understand the need to stay out of the trap? Or will many of us "
@@ -1802,21 +2035,42 @@
"svobody ve prospÄch pohodlà a vznikne velký problém? NaÅ¡e budoucnost
závisà "
"na našà filozofii."
-#. type: Content of: <h3>
+#. type: Content of: <div><h3>
msgid "Software patents"
msgstr "Softwarové patenty"
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
+# | The worst threat we face comes from software patents, which can put
+# | algorithms and features off limits to free software for up to twenty
+# | years. The LZW compression algorithm patents were applied for in 1983,
+# | and we still cannot release free software to produce proper compressed
+# | <abbr title=\"Graphics Interchange [-Format\">GIF</abbr>s. [As of 2009
+# | they have expired.]-] {+Format\">GIF</abbr>s. <a
+# | href=\"#ft10\">[10]</a>+} In 1998, a free program to produce <abbr
+# | title=\"MPEG-1 Audio Layer 3\">MP3</abbr> compressed audio was removed
+# | from distribution under threat of a patent [-suit. [As of 2017, these
+# | patents have expired. Look how long we had to wait.]-] {+suit. <a
+# | href=\"#ft11\">[11]</a>+}
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "The worst threat we face comes from software patents, which can put "
+#| "algorithms and features off limits to free software for up to twenty "
+#| "years. The LZW compression algorithm patents were applied for in 1983, "
+#| "and we still cannot release free software to produce proper compressed "
+#| "<abbr title=\"Graphics Interchange Format\">GIF</abbr>s. [As of 2009 "
+#| "they have expired.] In 1998, a free program to produce <abbr title="
+#| "\"MPEG-1 Audio Layer 3\">MP3</abbr> compressed audio was removed from "
+#| "distribution under threat of a patent suit. [As of 2017, these patents "
+#| "have expired. Look how long we had to wait.]"
msgid ""
"The worst threat we face comes from software patents, which can put "
"algorithms and features off limits to free software for up to twenty years. "
"The LZW compression algorithm patents were applied for in 1983, and we still "
"cannot release free software to produce proper compressed <abbr title="
-"\"Graphics Interchange Format\">GIF</abbr>s. [As of 2009 they have "
-"expired.] In 1998, a free program to produce <abbr title=\"MPEG-1 Audio "
-"Layer 3\">MP3</abbr> compressed audio was removed from distribution under "
-"threat of a patent suit. [As of 2017, these patents have expired. Look how "
-"long we had to wait.]"
+"\"Graphics Interchange Format\">GIF</abbr>s. <a href=\"#ft10\">[10]</"
+"a> In 1998, a free program to produce <abbr title=\"MPEG-1 Audio Layer "
+"3\">MP3</abbr> compressed audio was removed from distribution under threat "
+"of a patent suit. <a href=\"#ft11\">[11]</a>"
msgstr ""
"NejvÄtÅ¡Ã hrozba, které ÄelÃme, jsou softwarové patenty, které mohou "
"odstranit algoritmy a hlavnà Äásti programu z dosahu svobodného softwaru
až "
@@ -1828,7 +2082,7 @@
"3\">MP3</abbr> souborů pod hrozbou soudnÃho procesu. [patenty na MP3 "
"vyprÅ¡ely v roce 2017 â zde je vidÄt, jak dlouho jsme museli Äekat]"
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"There are ways to cope with patents: we can search for evidence that a "
"patent is invalid, and we can look for alternative ways to do a job. But "
@@ -1843,7 +2097,7 @@
"svobodný software, aby se vzdal nÄkterých ÄástÃ, které uživatelé
vyžadujÃ. "
"Po dlouhém ÄekánÃ, patenty vyprÅ¡Ã, ale co budeme dÄlat do té doby?"
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"Those of us who value free software for freedom's sake will stay with free "
"software anyway. We will manage to get work done without the patented "
@@ -1862,11 +2116,11 @@
"âtržiÅ¡tÄâ a spolehlivosti a výkonnosti svobodného softwaru,
nesmÃme se v "
"tomto bodÄ zastavit. MusÃme hovoÅit o svobodÄ a principu."
-#. type: Content of: <h3>
+#. type: Content of: <div><h3>
msgid "Free documentation"
msgstr "Svobodná dokumentace"
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"The biggest deficiency in our free operating systems is not in the "
"software—it is the lack of good free manuals that we can include in "
@@ -1881,7 +2135,7 @@
"dobrá svobodná pÅÃruÄka, je to velká mezera. V dneÅ¡nà dobÄ máme
mnoho "
"takových mezer."
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"Free documentation, like free software, is a matter of freedom, not price. "
"The criterion for a free manual is pretty much the same as for free "
@@ -1896,7 +2150,7 @@
"komerÄnÃho prodeje), a to jak v on-line, tak v tiÅ¡tÄné podobÄ, aby
manuál "
"mohl doprovázet každou kopii programu."
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"Permission for modification is crucial too. As a general rule, I don't "
"believe that it is essential for people to have permission to modify all "
@@ -1909,7 +2163,7 @@
"vy nebo já smÃme omezovat modifikaci Älánků jako je tento, kde se
popisujà "
"naÅ¡e Äiny a názory."
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"But there is a particular reason why the freedom to modify is crucial for "
"documentation for free software. When people exercise their right to modify "
@@ -1926,7 +2180,7 @@
"programem. PÅÃruÄka, která programátorům nedovoluje svÄdomitÄ
dokonÄit "
"práci, nesplÅuje potÅeby komunity."
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"Some kinds of limits on how modifications are done pose no problem. For "
"example, requirements to preserve the original author's copyright notice, "
@@ -1949,7 +2203,7 @@
"tak, aby se hodila k modifikovanému programu. Jinými slovy, neznemožÅujÃ
"
"komunitÄ svobodného software plnÄ využÃvat manuál. "
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"However, it must be possible to modify all the <em>technical</em> content of "
"the manual, and then distribute the result in all the usual media, through "
@@ -1961,7 +2215,7 @@
"jinak jsou totiž omezenà komunitÄ na obtÞ, manuál nenà svobodný a je
"
"potÅeba vytvoÅit jiný."
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"Will free software developers have the awareness and determination to "
"produce a full spectrum of free manuals? Once again, our future depends on "
@@ -1970,14 +2224,24 @@
"Budou vývojáÅi svobodného softwaru odhodlanà vytváÅet kompletnÃ
škálu "
"svobodných pÅÃruÄek? OpÄt, naÅ¡e budoucnost závisà na naÅ¡Ã
filozofii."
-#. type: Content of: <h3>
+#. type: Content of: <div><h3>
msgid "We must talk about freedom"
msgstr "MusÃme mluvit o svobodÄ"
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
+# | Estimates today are that there are ten million users of GNU/Linux systems
+# | such as Debian GNU/Linux and Red Hat [-“Linux”.-]
+# | {+“Linux.”+} Free software has developed such practical
+# | advantages that users are flocking to it for purely practical reasons.
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "Estimates today are that there are ten million users of GNU/Linux systems "
+#| "such as Debian GNU/Linux and Red Hat “Linux”. Free software "
+#| "has developed such practical advantages that users are flocking to it for "
+#| "purely practical reasons."
msgid ""
"Estimates today are that there are ten million users of GNU/Linux systems "
-"such as Debian GNU/Linux and Red Hat “Linux”. Free software has "
+"such as Debian GNU/Linux and Red Hat “Linux.” Free software has "
"developed such practical advantages that users are flocking to it for purely "
"practical reasons."
msgstr ""
@@ -1986,7 +2250,7 @@
"nÄkolik praktických výhod, takže k nÄmu uživatelé pÅecházejà již i
z ÄistÄ "
"praktických důvodů."
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"The good consequences of this are evident: more interest in developing free "
"software, more customers for free software businesses, and more ability to "
@@ -1998,7 +2262,7 @@
"spoleÄnosti, aby namÃsto proprietárnÃch produktů vyvÃjely komerÄnÃ
svobodný "
"software. "
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"But interest in the software is growing faster than awareness of the "
"philosophy it is based on, and this leads to trouble. Our ability to meet "
@@ -2012,7 +2276,7 @@
"komunita tuto vůli má, musÃme pÅedávat naÅ¡e myÅ¡lenky a nápady vÅ¡em
novÄ "
"pÅÃchozÃm Älenům v naÅ¡Ã komunitÄ."
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"But we are failing to do so: the efforts to attract new users into our "
"community are far outstripping the efforts to teach them the civics of our "
@@ -2025,11 +2289,11 @@
"tento pÅeklad. ZmiÅte se o Äeském pÅekladu stránek projektu GNU
kamarádům a "
"kolegům, aÅ¥ se také dozvà o naÅ¡Ã komunitÄ â poznámka původnÃho
korektora] "
-#. type: Content of: <h3>
+#. type: Content of: <div><h3>
msgid "“Open Source”"
msgstr "âOpen Sourceâ"
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"Teaching new users about freedom became more difficult in 1998, when a part "
"of the community decided to stop using the term “free software” "
@@ -2039,7 +2303,7 @@
"rozhodla pÅestat použÃvat termÃn âsvobodný softwareâ a namÃsto toho
užÃvat "
"termÃn âopen source softwareâ. "
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"Some who favored this term aimed to avoid the confusion of “"
"free” with “gratis”—a valid goal. Others, however, "
@@ -2060,7 +2324,7 @@
"kvalitnÃ, silný software, ale vyhýbá se myÅ¡lenkám svobody, komunity a "
"principu."
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"The “Linux” magazines are a clear example of this—they are "
"filled with advertisements for proprietary software that works with GNU/"
@@ -2072,7 +2336,7 @@
"Motif Äi Qt, budou tyto magazÃny pÅed nimi programátory varovat, nebo na
nÄ "
"naopak otiskovat inzeráty?"
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"The support of business can contribute to the community in many ways; all "
"else being equal, it is useful. But winning their support by speaking even "
@@ -2085,12 +2349,24 @@
"pÅedchozà nevyváženost mezi rozsahem uživatelů a vzdÄlánÃm se tak
jeÅ¡tÄ "
"zhoršuje."
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
+# | “Free software” and “open source” describe the
+# | same category of software, more or less, but say different things about
+# | the software, and about values. The GNU Project continues to use the term
+# | “free [-software”,-] {+software,”+} to express the idea
+# | that freedom, not just technology, is important.
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "“Free software” and “open source” describe the "
+#| "same category of software, more or less, but say different things about "
+#| "the software, and about values. The GNU Project continues to use the "
+#| "term “free software”, to express the idea that freedom, not "
+#| "just technology, is important."
msgid ""
"“Free software” and “open source” describe the same "
"category of software, more or less, but say different things about the "
"software, and about values. The GNU Project continues to use the term "
-"“free software”, to express the idea that freedom, not just "
+"“free software,” to express the idea that freedom, not just "
"technology, is important."
msgstr ""
"âSvobodný softwareâ a âopen sourceâ popisujà vÃceménÄ tutéž
kategorii "
@@ -2098,11 +2374,11 @@
"pokraÄuje v užÃvánà pojmu âsvobodný softwareâ, aby dal najevo, že
nejen "
"technologie, ale hlavnÄ svoboda je důležitá. "
-#. type: Content of: <h3>
+#. type: Content of: <div><h3>
msgid "Try!"
msgstr "Pokus se!"
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"Yoda's aphorism (“There is no ‘try’”) sounds neat, "
"but it doesn't work for me. I have done most of my work while anxious about "
@@ -2117,7 +2393,7 @@
"mým mÄstem a nepÅÃtelem nebyl nikdo jiný než já. Ke svému
pÅekvapenà jsem "
"obÄas uspÄl."
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"Sometimes I failed; some of my cities have fallen. Then I found another "
"threatened city, and got ready for another battle. Over time, I've learned "
@@ -2129,7 +2405,7 @@
"hrozby a stavÄt se mezi nÄ a mé mÄsto, vyzývaje ostatnà hackery, aby
pÅiÅ¡li "
"a pÅipojili se ke mnÄ."
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"Nowadays, often I'm not the only one. It is a relief and a joy when I see a "
"regiment of hackers digging in to hold the line, and I realize, this city "
@@ -2145,6 +2421,234 @@
"budoucnost svobody za samozÅejmou. Neberte to jako samozÅejmost! Jestliže
si "
"chcete udržet svoji svobodu, musÃte být pÅipraveni ji bránit."
+#. type: Content of: <div><h3>
+# || No change detected. The change might only be in amounts of spaces.
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid "Footnotes"
+msgid "Footnotes"
+msgstr "Poznámky pod Äarou"
+
+#. type: Content of: <div><ol><li>
+# | [-(1)-]The use of “hacker” to mean “security
+# | breaker” is a confusion on the part of the mass media. We hackers
+# | refuse to recognize that meaning, and continue using the word to mean
+# | someone who loves to program, someone who enjoys playful cleverness, or
+# | the combination of the two. See my article, [-<a
+# | href=\"http://stallman.org/articles/on-hacking.html\";>On Hacking</a>.-]
+# | {+“<a href=\"https://stallman.org/articles/on-hacking.html\";>On
+# | Hacking</a>.”+}
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "(1) The use of “hacker” to mean “security "
+#| "breaker” is a confusion on the part of the mass media. We hackers "
+#| "refuse to recognize that meaning, and continue using the word to mean "
+#| "someone who loves to program, someone who enjoys playful cleverness, or "
+#| "the combination of the two. See my article, <a href=\"http://stallman.";
+#| "org/articles/on-hacking.html\">On Hacking</a>."
+msgid ""
+"The use of “hacker” to mean “security breaker” is a "
+"confusion on the part of the mass media. We hackers refuse to recognize "
+"that meaning, and continue using the word to mean someone who loves to "
+"program, someone who enjoys playful cleverness, or the combination of the "
+"two. See my article, “<a href=\"https://stallman.org/articles/on-";
+"hacking.html\">On Hacking</a>.”"
+msgstr ""
+"(1) UžÃvánà výrazu âhackerâ jako pojmenovánà nÄkoho, kdo
prolamuje "
+"bezpeÄnost systémů, je matenà způsobené dneÅ¡nÃmi médii. My hackeÅi
toto "
+"pojmenovánà odmÃtáme uznat a toto slovo stále použÃváme k oznaÄenÃ
nÄkoho, "
+"kdo miluje programovánà nebo si užÃvá svůj důvtip s hravostÃ.
PÅeÄtÄte si "
+"můj Älánek <a href=\"http://stallman.org/articles/on-hacking.html\";>O "
+"hackovánÃ</a>."
+
+#. type: Content of: <div><ol><li>
+# | [-(1)-]As an Atheist, I don't follow any religious leaders, but I
+# | sometimes find I admire something one of them has said.
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "(1) As an Atheist, I don't follow any religious leaders, but I sometimes "
+#| "find I admire something one of them has said."
+msgid ""
+"As an Atheist, I don't follow any religious leaders, but I sometimes find I "
+"admire something one of them has said."
+msgstr ""
+"(1) Coby ateista sice nenásleduji žádné náboženské vůdce, ale nÄkdy
se mi "
+"lÃbÃ, co nÄkdo z nich prohlásÃ."
+
+#. type: Content of: <div><ol><li>
+# | [-(1)-]In 1984 or 1985, Don Hopkins (a very imaginative fellow) mailed me
+# | a letter. [-On-] {+<a href=\"/graphics/copyleft-sticker.html\">On+} the
+# | [-envelope-] {+envelope</a>+} he had written several amusing sayings,
+# | including this one: “Copyleft—all rights reversed.” I
+# | used the word “copyleft” to name the distribution concept I
+# | was developing at the time.
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "(1) In 1984 or 1985, Don Hopkins (a very imaginative fellow) mailed me a "
+#| "letter. On the envelope he had written several amusing sayings, "
+#| "including this one: “Copyleft—all rights reversed.” I "
+#| "used the word “copyleft” to name the distribution concept I "
+#| "was developing at the time."
+msgid ""
+"In 1984 or 1985, Don Hopkins (a very imaginative fellow) mailed me a "
+"letter. <a href=\"/graphics/copyleft-sticker.html\">On the envelope</a> he "
+"had written several amusing sayings, including this one: “"
+"Copyleft—all rights reversed.” I used the word “"
+"copyleft” to name the distribution concept I was developing at the "
+"time."
+msgstr ""
+"(1) V roce 1984 nebo 1985 mi poslal dopis Don Hopkins (nápady srÅ¡Ãcà "
+"ÄlovÄk). Na obálku napsal pár vtipných poznámek, vÄetnÄ této:
âCopyleft â "
+"vÅ¡echna práva vyhrazenaâ. PoužÃval jsem výraz âcopyleftâ k
oznaÄenà konceptu "
+"distribuce, který jsem v té dobÄ vyvÃjel."
+
+#. type: Content of: <div><ol><li>
+# | [-(2)-]We now use the <a href=\"/licenses/fdl.html\">GNU Free
+# | Documentation License</a> for documentation.
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "(2) We now use the <a href=\"/licenses/fdl.html\">GNU Free Documentation "
+#| "License</a> for documentation."
+msgid ""
+"We now use the <a href=\"/licenses/fdl.html\">GNU Free Documentation "
+"License</a> for documentation."
+msgstr ""
+"(2) Pro dokumentaci teÄ použÃváme <a href=\"/licenses/fdl.html\">GNU Free
"
+"Documentation License</a>."
+
+#. type: Content of: <div><ol><li>
+# | [-(1)-]“Bourne Again Shell” is a play on the name
+# | “Bourne [-Shell”,-] {+Shell,”+} which was the usual
+# | shell on Unix.
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "(1) “Bourne Again Shell” is a play on the name “Bourne "
+#| "Shell”, which was the usual shell on Unix."
+msgid ""
+"“Bourne Again Shell” is a play on the name “Bourne Shell,"
+"” which was the usual shell on Unix."
+msgstr ""
+"(1) âBourne again Shellâ je parodià na jméno âBourne Shellâ, což
byl shell "
+"obvykle použÃvaný v Unixu."
+
+#. type: Content of: <div><ol><li>
+# | [-(1)-]That was written in 1998. In 2009 we no longer maintain a long
+# | task list. The community develops free software so fast that we can't
+# | even keep track of it all. Instead, we have a list of High Priority
+# | Projects, a much shorter list of projects we really want to encourage
+# | people to write.
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "(1) That was written in 1998. In 2009 we no longer maintain a long task "
+#| "list. The community develops free software so fast that we can't even "
+#| "keep track of it all. Instead, we have a list of High Priority Projects, "
+#| "a much shorter list of projects we really want to encourage people to "
+#| "write."
+msgid ""
+"That was written in 1998. In 2009 we no longer maintain a long task list. "
+"The community develops free software so fast that we can't even keep track "
+"of it all. Instead, we have a list of High Priority Projects, a much "
+"shorter list of projects we really want to encourage people to write."
+msgstr ""
+"(1) Byl sepsán v roce 1998. Od roku 2009 už seznam úkolů neudržujeme. "
+"Komunita vyvÃjà svobodný software tak rychle, že už ani nestÃháme
všechno "
+"sledovat. MÃsto toho máme Seznam vysoce důležitých projektů â mnohem
kratšà "
+"seznam programů, u kterých výraznÄ podporujeme, aby je lidé napsali."
+
+#. type: Content of: <div><ol><li>
+# | [-(1)-]This license is now called the GNU Lesser General Public License,
+# | to avoid giving the idea that all libraries ought to use it. See <a
+# | href=\"/philosophy/why-not-lgpl.html\">Why you shouldn't use the Lesser
+# | GPL for your next library</a> for more information.
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "(1) This license is now called the GNU Lesser General Public License, to "
+#| "avoid giving the idea that all libraries ought to use it. See <a href=\"/"
+#| "philosophy/why-not-lgpl.html\">Why you shouldn't use the Lesser GPL for "
+#| "your next library</a> for more information."
+msgid ""
+"This license is now called the GNU Lesser General Public License, to avoid "
+"giving the idea that all libraries ought to use it. See <a href=\"/"
+"philosophy/why-not-lgpl.html\">Why you shouldn't use the Lesser GPL for your "
+"next library</a> for more information."
+msgstr ""
+"(1) Abychom pÅedeÅ¡li pocitu, že by pod nà mÄly být vydávány vÅ¡echny "
+"knihovny, nazýváme teÄ tuto licenci GNU Lesser General Public License. Pro
"
+"vÃce informacà se podÃvejte na: <a href=\"/philosophy/why-not-lgpl.html"
+"\">ProÄ byste nemÄli použÃt Lesser GPL pro vaÅ¡i pÅÃÅ¡tà knihovnu</a>."
+
+#. type: Content of: <div><ol><li>
+# | [-(-]2008 note: this issue extends to the BIOS as well. There is a free
+# | BIOS, <a [-href=\"http://www.libreboot.org/\";>LibreBoot</a>-]
+# | {+href=\"https://libreboot.org/\";>LibreBoot</a>+} (a distribution of
+# | coreboot); the problem is getting specs for machines so that LibreBoot can
+# | support them without nonfree [-“blobs”.)-]
+# | {+“blobs.”+}
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "(2008 note: this issue extends to the BIOS as well. There is a free "
+#| "BIOS, <a href=\"http://www.libreboot.org/\";>LibreBoot</a> (a distribution "
+#| "of coreboot); the problem is getting specs for machines so that LibreBoot "
+#| "can support them without nonfree “blobs”.)"
+msgid ""
+"2008 note: this issue extends to the BIOS as well. There is a free BIOS, <a "
+"href=\"https://libreboot.org/\";>LibreBoot</a> (a distribution of coreboot); "
+"the problem is getting specs for machines so that LibreBoot can support them "
+"without nonfree “blobs.”"
+msgstr ""
+"(Poznámka z roku 2008: tato záležitost se týká i BIOSu. Máme k
dispozici "
+"jeho svobodnou náhradu <a href=\"http://www.libreboot.org/\";>LibreBoot</a>, "
+"svobodnou distribuci corebootu, ale je tu problém se zÃskávánÃm
specifikacà "
+"hardwaru, aby ho LibreBoot mohl podporovat i bez proprietárnÃch
âblobůâ.)"
+
+#. type: Content of: <div><ol><li>
+# | [-[Subsequent note: in-]{+In+} September 2000, Qt was rereleased under the
+# | GNU GPL, which essentially solved this problem.[-]-]
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "[Subsequent note: in September 2000, Qt was rereleased under the GNU GPL, "
+#| "which essentially solved this problem.]"
+msgid ""
+"In September 2000, Qt was rereleased under the GNU GPL, which essentially "
+"solved this problem."
+msgstr ""
+"[DodateÄná poznámka: v záÅà 2000 bylo Qt vydáno pod licencà GNU GPL,
což "
+"tento problém vyÅeÅ¡ilo]"
+
+#. type: Content of: <div><ol><li>
+msgid "As of 2009, the GIF patents have expired."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <div><ol><li>
+msgid ""
+"As of 2017, the MP3 patents have expired. Look how long we had to wait."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <div><div><p>
+# | Originally published in the book [-<em>Open Sources</em>.-] {+<cite>Open
+# | Sources</cite>.+} Richard Stallman was <a
+# | href=\"/philosophy/open-source-misses-the-point.html\"> never a supporter
+# | of “open source”</a>, but contributed this article so that the
+# | ideas of the free software movement would not be entirely absent from that
+# | book.
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "Originally published in the book <em>Open Sources</em>. Richard Stallman "
+#| "was <a href=\"/philosophy/open-source-misses-the-point.html\"> never a "
+#| "supporter of “open source”</a>, but contributed this article "
+#| "so that the ideas of the free software movement would not be entirely "
+#| "absent from that book."
+msgid ""
+"Originally published in the book <cite>Open Sources</cite>. Richard "
+"Stallman was <a href=\"/philosophy/open-source-misses-the-point.html\"> "
+"never a supporter of “open source”</a>, but contributed this "
+"article so that the ideas of the free software movement would not be "
+"entirely absent from that book."
+msgstr ""
+"PůvodnÄ vyÅ¡lo v knize <em>Open Sources</em>. Richard Stallman <a href=\"/"
+"philosophy/open-source-misses-the-point.html\">nikdy nepodporoval âopen "
+"sourceâ</a>, ale pÅispÄl tÃmto Älánkem, aby v této knize ideály
hnutà "
+"svobodného softwaru úplnÄ nechybÄly."
+
#. TRANSLATORS: Use space (SPC) as msgstr if you don't have notes.
#. type: Content of: <div>
msgid "*GNUN-SLOT: TRANSLATOR'S NOTES*"
@@ -2179,14 +2683,20 @@
#. Please send your comments and general suggestions in this regard
#. to <a href="mailto:web-translators@gnu.org";>
#. <web-translators@gnu.org></a>.</p>
-#. <p>For information on coordinating and submitting translations of
+#. <p>For information on coordinating and contributing translations of
#. our web pages, see <a
#. href="/server/standards/README.translations.html">Translations
#. README</a>.
#. type: Content of: <div><div><p>
+# || No change detected. The change might only be in amounts of spaces.
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "Please see the <a href=\"/server/standards/README.translations.html"
+#| "\">Translations README</a> for information on coordinating and "
+#| "contributing translations of this article."
msgid ""
"Please see the <a href=\"/server/standards/README.translations.html"
-"\">Translations README</a> for information on coordinating and submitting "
+"\">Translations README</a> for information on coordinating and contributing "
"translations of this article."
msgstr ""
"Pracujeme tvrdÄ a dÄláme to nejlepÅ¡Ã, abychom vám pÅinesli pÅesné a
kvalitnà "
@@ -2197,9 +2707,15 @@
"se dozvÃte, jak koordinovat svoji práci a posÃlat pÅeklady tohoto
Älánku."
#. type: Content of: <div><p>
+# | Copyright © 1998, [-2001, 2002,-] 2005, [-2006, 2007,-] 2008, 2010,
+# | 201[-4-]{+2+}, 2015, 2017, 2018, 202[-0-]{+1+} Richard Stallman
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "Copyright © 1998, 2001, 2002, 2005, 2006, 2007, 2008, 2010, 2014, "
+#| "2015, 2017, 2018, 2020 Richard Stallman"
msgid ""
-"Copyright © 1998, 2001, 2002, 2005, 2006, 2007, 2008, 2010, 2014, 2015, "
-"2017, 2018, 2020 Richard Stallman"
+"Copyright © 1998, 2005, 2008, 2010, 2012, 2015, 2017, 2018, 2021 "
+"Richard Stallman"
msgstr ""
"Copyright © 1998, 2001, 2002, 2005, 2006, 2007, 2008, 2010, 2014, 2015, "
"2017, 2018, 2020 Richard Stallman"
@@ -2224,13 +2740,32 @@
msgid "Updated:"
msgstr "Aktualizováno:"
-#. type: Content of: <div><p>
-msgid ""
-"Copyright © 1998, 2001, 2002, 2005, 2006, 2007, 2008, 2010, 2014, 2015, "
-"2017, 2018, 2020, 2021 Richard Stallman"
-msgstr ""
-"Copyright © 1998, 2001, 2002, 2005, 2006, 2007, 2008, 2010, 2014, 2015, "
-"2017, 2018, 2020, 2021 Richard Stallman"
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "by <a href=\"http://www.stallman.org/\";><strong>Richard Stallman</"
+#~ "strong></a>"
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "napsal <a href=\"http://www.stallman.org/\";><strong>Richard Stallman</"
+#~ "strong></a>"
+
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "Please see the <a href=\"/server/standards/README.translations.html"
+#~ "\">Translations README</a> for information on coordinating and submitting "
+#~ "translations of this article."
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "Pracujeme tvrdÄ a dÄláme to nejlepÅ¡Ã, abychom vám pÅinesli pÅesné
a "
+#~ "kvalitnà pÅeklady. NicménÄ i my můžeme udÄlat chybu. VaÅ¡e
komentáÅe a "
+#~ "návrhy na vylepÅ¡enà vÃtáme na adrese <a
href=\"mailto:web-translators@gnu.";
+#~ "org\"> <web-translators@gnu.org></a>.</p> <p>PÅeÄtÄte si prosÃm
<a "
+#~ "href=\"/server/standards/README.translations.html\">PÅÃruÄku "
+#~ "pÅekladatele</a>, kde se dozvÃte, jak koordinovat svoji práci a
posÃlat "
+#~ "pÅeklady tohoto Älánku."
+
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "Copyright © 1998, 2001, 2002, 2005, 2006, 2007, 2008, 2010, 2014, "
+#~ "2015, 2017, 2018, 2020, 2021 Richard Stallman"
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "Copyright © 1998, 2001, 2002, 2005, 2006, 2007, 2008, 2010, 2014, "
+#~ "2015, 2017, 2018, 2020, 2021 Richard Stallman"
#~ msgid ""
#~ "We call this system version GNU/Linux, to express its composition as a "
Index: thegnuproject.de.po
===================================================================
RCS file: /web/www/www/gnu/po/thegnuproject.de.po,v
retrieving revision 1.75
retrieving revision 1.76
diff -u -b -r1.75 -r1.76
--- thegnuproject.de.po 24 Oct 2021 07:25:26 -0000 1.75
+++ thegnuproject.de.po 24 Oct 2021 07:31:37 -0000 1.76
@@ -9,7 +9,7 @@
msgstr ""
"Project-Id-Version: thegnuproject.html\n"
"Report-Msgid-Bugs-To: Webmasters <webmasters@gnu.org>\n"
-"POT-Creation-Date: 2020-07-12 02:25+0000\n"
+"POT-Creation-Date: 2021-10-24 07:25+0000\n"
"PO-Revision-Date: 2018-04-12 22:00+0200\n"
"Last-Translator: Jоегg Kоhпе <joeko (AT) online [PUNKT] de>\n"
"Language-Team: German <www-de-translators@gnu.org>\n"
@@ -17,6 +17,7 @@
"MIME-Version: 1.0\n"
"Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8\n"
"Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit\n"
+"X-Outdated-Since: 2021-10-24 07:25+0000\n"
# Original title: 'The GNU Operating System and the Free Software Movement'
#. type: Content of: <title>
@@ -28,48 +29,22 @@
msgstr " "
# see title
-#. type: Content of: <h2>
+#. type: Content of: <div><h2>
msgid "The GNU Project"
msgstr "Ãber das Projekt âGNUâ"
-#. type: Content of: <p>
-msgid ""
-"by <a href=\"http://www.stallman.org/\";><strong>Richard Stallman</strong></a>"
-msgstr ""
-"von <strong><a href=\"//www.stallman.org/\">Richard Stallman</a></strong>"
-
-# DiBona, Chris, Ockman, Sam: Open Sources. Voices from the Open Source
Revolution, O'Reilly Media, January 1999.
-#. type: Content of: <blockquote><p>
-msgid ""
-"Originally published in the book <em>Open Sources</em>. Richard Stallman "
-"was <a href=\"/philosophy/open-source-misses-the-point.html\"> never a "
-"supporter of “open source”</a>, but contributed this article so "
-"that the ideas of the free software movement would not be entirely absent "
-"from that book."
-msgstr ""
-"<span class=\"intro\">Die englische Originalausgabe wurde in dem Buch "
-"<cite><span xml:lang=\"en\" lang=\"en\">Open Sources</span></cite> "
-"veröffentlicht. Richard Stallman war <a href=\"/philosophy/open-source-"
-"misses-the-point\">nie ein Anhänger von <span xml:lang=\"en\" lang=\"en"
-"\"><em>âOpen Sourceâ;</em></span></a>, trug aber diesen Artikel bei,
damit "
-"die Anschauungen der Freie-Software-Bewegung nicht völlig fehlen würden.</"
-"span>"
+#. type: Content of: <div><address>
+# || No change detected. The change might only be in amounts of spaces.
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid "by <a href=\"https://www.stallman.org/\";>Richard Stallman</a>"
+msgid "by <a href=\"https://www.stallman.org/\";>Richard Stallman</a>"
+msgstr "von <a href=\"//www.stallman.org/\">Richard Stallman</a>"
-#. type: Content of: <blockquote><p>
-msgid ""
-"Why it is even more important than ever <a href=\"/philosophy/free-software-"
-"even-more-important.html\">to insist that the software we use be free</a>."
-msgstr ""
-"<ins>Bitte beachten Sie auch den Aufsatz</ins> <cite><a href=\"/philosophy/"
-"free-software-even-more-important\">Freie Software ist jetzt sogar noch "
-"wichtiger</a></cite> denn je, denn wir sollten auf Software ‑"
-" Software die wir nutzen! ‑ bestehen, die frei ist."
-
-#. type: Content of: <h3>
+#. type: Content of: <div><h3>
msgid "The first software-sharing community"
msgstr "Die erste Software-teilende Gemeinschaft"
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"When I started working at the <abbr title=\"Massachusetts Institute of "
"Technology\">MIT</abbr> Artificial Intelligence Lab in 1971, I became part "
@@ -87,15 +62,32 @@
"genauso wie der Austausch von Kochrezepten so alt wie das Kochen ist. Aber "
"wir praktizierten es mehr als die meisten."
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
+# | The AI Lab used a timesharing operating system called <abbr
+# | title=\"Incompatible Timesharing System\">ITS</abbr> (the Incompatible
+# | Timesharing System) that the lab's staff [-hackers (1)-]
+# | {+hackers <a href=\"#ft1\">[1]</a>+} had designed and written in
+# | assembler language for the Digital <abbr title=\"Programmed Data
+# | Processor\">PDP</abbr>-10, one of the large computers of the era. As a
+# | member of this community, an AI Lab staff system hacker, my job was to
+# | improve this system.
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "The AI Lab used a timesharing operating system called <abbr title="
+#| "\"Incompatible Timesharing System\">ITS</abbr> (the Incompatible "
+#| "Timesharing System) that the lab's staff hackers (1) had designed and "
+#| "written in assembler language for the Digital <abbr title=\"Programmed "
+#| "Data Processor\">PDP</abbr>-10, one of the large computers of the era. "
+#| "As a member of this community, an AI Lab staff system hacker, my job was "
+#| "to improve this system."
msgid ""
"The AI Lab used a timesharing operating system called <abbr title="
"\"Incompatible Timesharing System\">ITS</abbr> (the Incompatible Timesharing "
-"System) that the lab's staff hackers (1) had designed and written in "
-"assembler language for the Digital <abbr title=\"Programmed Data Processor"
-"\">PDP</abbr>-10, one of the large computers of the era. As a member of "
-"this community, an AI Lab staff system hacker, my job was to improve this "
-"system."
+"System) that the lab's staff hackers <a href=\"#ft1\">[1]</a> had "
+"designed and written in assembler language for the Digital <abbr title="
+"\"Programmed Data Processor\">PDP</abbr>-10, one of the large computers of "
+"the era. As a member of this community, an AI Lab staff system hacker, my "
+"job was to improve this system."
msgstr ""
"Das <span xml:lang=\"en\" lang=\"en\">AI Lab</span> verwendete ein "
"Mehrbenutzer-Betriebssystem namens <em><span xml:lang=\"en\" lang=\"en"
@@ -107,9 +99,24 @@
"angestellter Systemhacker des <span xml:lang=\"en\" lang=\"en\">AI Labs</"
"span>, war es meine Aufgabe dieses System zu verbessern."
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
+# | We did not call our software “free [-software”,-]
+# | {+software,”+} because that term did not yet exist; but that is what
+# | it was. Whenever people from another university or a company wanted to
+# | port and use a program, we gladly let them. If you saw someone using an
+# | unfamiliar and interesting program, you could always ask to see the source
+# | code, so that you could read it, change it, or cannibalize parts of it to
+# | make a new program.
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "We did not call our software “free software”, because that "
+#| "term did not yet exist; but that is what it was. Whenever people from "
+#| "another university or a company wanted to port and use a program, we "
+#| "gladly let them. If you saw someone using an unfamiliar and interesting "
+#| "program, you could always ask to see the source code, so that you could "
+#| "read it, change it, or cannibalize parts of it to make a new program."
msgid ""
-"We did not call our software “free software”, because that term "
+"We did not call our software “free software,” because that term "
"did not yet exist; but that is what it was. Whenever people from another "
"university or a company wanted to port and use a program, we gladly let "
"them. If you saw someone using an unfamiliar and interesting program, you "
@@ -124,21 +131,21 @@
"immer den Quellcode bekommen, sodass man diesen lesen, verändern oder sogar "
"Teile davon für neue Programme ausschlachten konnte."
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><div><p>
msgid ""
-"(1) The use of “hacker” to mean “security breaker” "
-"is a confusion on the part of the mass media. We hackers refuse to "
-"recognize that meaning, and continue using the word to mean someone who "
-"loves to program, someone who enjoys playful cleverness, or the combination "
-"of the two. See my article, <a href=\"http://stallman.org/articles/on-";
-"hacking.html\">On Hacking</a>."
-msgstr "<!-- see footer -->"
+"Why it is even more important than ever <a href=\"/philosophy/free-software-"
+"even-more-important.html\">to insist that the software we use be free</a>."
+msgstr ""
+"<ins>Bitte beachten Sie auch den Aufsatz</ins> <cite><a href=\"/philosophy/"
+"free-software-even-more-important\">Freie Software ist jetzt sogar noch "
+"wichtiger</a></cite> denn je, denn wir sollten auf Software ‑"
+" Software die wir nutzen! ‑ bestehen, die frei ist."
-#. type: Content of: <h3>
+#. type: Content of: <div><h3>
msgid "The collapse of the community"
msgstr "Der Zusammenbruch der Gemeinschaft"
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"The situation changed drastically in the early 1980s when Digital "
"discontinued the PDP-10 series. Its architecture, elegant and powerful in "
@@ -153,15 +160,32 @@
"wurden. Das bedeutete, dass nahezu alle im ITS zusammengesetzten Programme "
"veraltet waren."
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
+# | The AI Lab hacker community had already collapsed, not long before. In
+# | 1981, the spin-off company Symbolics had hired away nearly all of the
+# | hackers from the AI Lab, and the depopulated community was unable to
+# | maintain itself. (The book [-Hackers,-] {+<cite>Hackers</cite>,+} by
+# | Steve Levy, describes these events, as well as giving a clear picture of
+# | this community in its prime.) When the AI Lab bought a new PDP-10 in
+# | 1982, its administrators decided to use Digital's nonfree timesharing
+# | system instead of ITS.
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "The AI Lab hacker community had already collapsed, not long before. In "
+#| "1981, the spin-off company Symbolics had hired away nearly all of the "
+#| "hackers from the AI Lab, and the depopulated community was unable to "
+#| "maintain itself. (The book Hackers, by Steve Levy, describes these "
+#| "events, as well as giving a clear picture of this community in its "
+#| "prime.) When the AI Lab bought a new PDP-10 in 1982, its administrators "
+#| "decided to use Digital's nonfree timesharing system instead of ITS."
msgid ""
"The AI Lab hacker community had already collapsed, not long before. In "
"1981, the spin-off company Symbolics had hired away nearly all of the "
"hackers from the AI Lab, and the depopulated community was unable to "
-"maintain itself. (The book Hackers, by Steve Levy, describes these events, "
-"as well as giving a clear picture of this community in its prime.) When the "
-"AI Lab bought a new PDP-10 in 1982, its administrators decided to use "
-"Digital's nonfree timesharing system instead of ITS."
+"maintain itself. (The book <cite>Hackers</cite>, by Steve Levy, describes "
+"these events, as well as giving a clear picture of this community in its "
+"prime.) When the AI Lab bought a new PDP-10 in 1982, its administrators "
+"decided to use Digital's nonfree timesharing system instead of ITS."
msgstr ""
"Die Hacker-Gemeinschaft des <span xml:lang=\"en\" lang=\"en\">AI Labs</span> "
"war bereits kurz vorher zusammengebrochen. Im Jahr 1981 hatte das "
@@ -175,7 +199,7 @@
"lang=\"en\" lang=\"en\">Digitals</span> unfreies Mehrbenutzer-Betriebssystem "
"anstatt ITS zu benutzen."
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"The modern computers of the era, such as the VAX or the 68020, had their own "
"operating systems, but none of them were free software: you had to sign a "
@@ -186,7 +210,7 @@
"eine Vertraulichkeitsvereinbarung unterzeichnen, nur um eine ausführbare "
"Kopie zu erhalten."
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"This meant that the first step in using a computer was to promise not to "
"help your neighbor. A cooperating community was forbidden. The rule made "
@@ -201,7 +225,7 @@
"Softwarepirat. Möchten Sie irgendwelche Ãnderungen, bitten Sie uns, diese "
"vorzunehmen.“"
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"The idea that the proprietary software social system—the system that "
"says you are not allowed to share or change software—is antisocial, "
@@ -225,11 +249,27 @@
"gearbeitet Menschen davon zu überzeugen, es gäbe nur einen Blickwinkel auf "
"dieses Problem."
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
+# | When software publishers talk about “enforcing” their
+# | “rights” or “stopping <a
+# | [-href=\"/philosophy/words-to-avoid.html#Piracy\">piracy</a>”,-]
+# | {+href=\"/philosophy/words-to-avoid.html#Piracy\">piracy</a>,”+}
+# | what they actually <em>say</em> is secondary. The real message of these
+# | statements is in the unstated assumptions they take for granted, which the
+# | public is asked to accept without examination. Let's therefore examine
+# | them.
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "When software publishers talk about “enforcing” their “"
+#| "rights” or “stopping <a href=\"/philosophy/words-to-avoid."
+#| "html#Piracy\">piracy</a>”, what they actually <em>say</em> is "
+#| "secondary. The real message of these statements is in the unstated "
+#| "assumptions they take for granted, which the public is asked to accept "
+#| "without examination. Let's therefore examine them."
msgid ""
"When software publishers talk about “enforcing” their “"
"rights” or “stopping <a href=\"/philosophy/words-to-avoid."
-"html#Piracy\">piracy</a>”, what they actually <em>say</em> is "
+"html#Piracy\">piracy</a>,” what they actually <em>say</em> is "
"secondary. The real message of these statements is in the unstated "
"assumptions they take for granted, which the public is asked to accept "
"without examination. Let's therefore examine them."
@@ -243,7 +283,7 @@
"sie deshalb etwas näher."
# Copyright in Urheberrecht wg. 'recht' in Naturrecht geändert.
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"One assumption is that software companies have an unquestionable natural "
"right to own software and thus have power over all its users. (If this were "
@@ -261,7 +301,7 @@
"Staat künstlich auferlegtes Monopol, das Benutzern das natürliche Recht zu "
"kopieren eingrenzt."
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"Another unstated assumption is that the only important thing about software "
"is what jobs it allows you to do—that we computer users should not "
@@ -272,7 +312,7 @@
"Rechnernutzer uns nicht darum kümmern sollten, was für eine Gesellschaft
wir "
"haben dürfen."
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"A third assumption is that we would have no usable software (or would never "
"have a program to do this or that particular job) if we did not offer a "
@@ -287,7 +327,7 @@
"die Freie-Software-Bewegung gezeigt hat, dass wir eine Menge nützlicher "
"Software entwickeln können, ohne sie an Ketten zu legen."
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"If we decline to accept these assumptions, and judge these issues based on "
"ordinary commonsense morality while placing the users first, we arrive at "
@@ -302,13 +342,31 @@
"Programme entsprechend ihren Bedürfnissen anpassen und mit anderen teilen "
"können, denn anderen Menschen zu helfen ist die Grundlage der Gesellschaft."
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
+# | There is no room here for an extensive statement of the reasoning behind
+# | this conclusion, so I refer the reader to [-the web pages <a
+# | href=\"/philosophy/why-free.html\">
+# | http://www.gnu.org/philosophy/why-free.html</a>-] {+“<a
+# | href=\"/philosophy/why-free.html\">Why Software Should Not Have
+# | Owners</a>,”+} and [-<a
+# | href=\"/philosophy/free-software-even-more-important.html\">
+# | http://www.gnu.org/philosophy/free-software-even-more-important.html</a>.-]
+# | {+“<a
+# | href=\"/philosophy/free-software-even-more-important.html\">Free Software
+# | Is Even More Important Now</a>.”+}
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "There is no room here for an extensive statement of the reasoning behind "
+#| "this conclusion, so I refer the reader to the web pages <a href=\"/"
+#| "philosophy/why-free.html\"> http://www.gnu.org/philosophy/why-free.html</"
+#| "a> and <a href=\"/philosophy/free-software-even-more-important.html\"> "
+#| "http://www.gnu.org/philosophy/free-software-even-more-important.html</a>."
msgid ""
"There is no room here for an extensive statement of the reasoning behind "
-"this conclusion, so I refer the reader to the web pages <a href=\"/"
-"philosophy/why-free.html\"> http://www.gnu.org/philosophy/why-free.html</a> "
-"and <a href=\"/philosophy/free-software-even-more-important.html\"> http://";
-"www.gnu.org/philosophy/free-software-even-more-important.html</a>."
+"this conclusion, so I refer the reader to “<a href=\"/philosophy/why-"
+"free.html\">Why Software Should Not Have Owners</a>,” and “<a "
+"href=\"/philosophy/free-software-even-more-important.html\">Free Software Is "
+"Even More Important Now</a>.”"
msgstr ""
"Es würde den Rahmen dieses Dokuments sprengen, die Gründe für diese "
"Schlussfolgerung ausführlich darzulegen, möchte aber auf die Artikel "
@@ -317,11 +375,11 @@
"important\">Freie Software ist jetzt sogar noch wichtiger</a></cite> "
"verweisen."
-#. type: Content of: <h3>
+#. type: Content of: <div><h3>
msgid "A stark moral choice"
msgstr "Eine gänzlich moralische Entscheidung"
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"With my community gone, to continue as before was impossible. Instead, I "
"faced a stark moral choice."
@@ -329,7 +387,7 @@
"Mit dem Verlust meiner Gemeinschaft war es unmöglich weiterzumachen wie "
"zuvor. Stattdessen stand ich vor einer gänzlich moralischen Entscheidung."
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"The easy choice was to join the proprietary software world, signing "
"nondisclosure agreements and promising not to help my fellow hacker. Most "
@@ -344,7 +402,7 @@
"freigegeben wäre und somit den Druck auf andere Menschen erhöhen, ihre "
"Mitmenschen auch zu verraten."
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"I could have made money this way, and perhaps amused myself writing code. "
"But I knew that at the end of my career, I would look back on years of "
@@ -357,7 +415,7 @@
"und das Gefühl haben würde, mein Leben damit verbracht zu haben, die Welt
zu "
"einem noch schlimmeren Ort gemacht zu haben."
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"I had already experienced being on the receiving end of a nondisclosure "
"agreement, when someone refused to give me and the MIT AI Lab the source "
@@ -377,7 +435,7 @@
"er sich weigerte mit uns zu teilen. Ich konnte mich nicht einfach umdrehen "
"und dasselbe mit anderen machen."
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"Another choice, straightforward but unpleasant, was to leave the computer "
"field. That way my skills would not be misused, but they would still be "
@@ -390,7 +448,7 @@
"nicht Schuld an der Spaltung und Beschränkung von Rechnernutzern, aber es "
"würde dennoch passieren."
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"So I looked for a way that a programmer could do something for the good. I "
"asked myself, was there a program or programs that I could write, so as to "
@@ -401,7 +459,7 @@
"oder die ich schreiben könnte, um so noch einmal eine Gemeinschaft möglich "
"zu machen."
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"The answer was clear: what was needed first was an operating system. That "
"is the crucial software for starting to use a computer. With an operating "
@@ -420,7 +478,24 @@
"jedermann wäre in der Lage einen Rechner zu benutzen, ohne auf "
"verschwörerische Weise zu beginnen seine oder ihre Freunde zu
benachteiligen."
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
+# | As an operating system developer, I had the right skills for this job. So
+# | even though I could not take success for granted, I realized that I was
+# | elected to do the job. I chose to make the system compatible with Unix so
+# | that it would be portable, and so that Unix users could easily switch to
+# | it. The name GNU was chosen, following a hacker tradition, as a recursive
+# | acronym for “GNU's Not Unix.” It is pronounced as <a
+# | href=\"/gnu/pronunciation.html\">one syllable with a [-hard g</a>.-]
+# | {+hard <i>g</i></a>.+}
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "As an operating system developer, I had the right skills for this job. "
+#| "So even though I could not take success for granted, I realized that I "
+#| "was elected to do the job. I chose to make the system compatible with "
+#| "Unix so that it would be portable, and so that Unix users could easily "
+#| "switch to it. The name GNU was chosen, following a hacker tradition, as "
+#| "a recursive acronym for “GNU's Not Unix.” It is pronounced as "
+#| "<a href=\"/gnu/pronunciation.html\">one syllable with a hard g</a>."
msgid ""
"As an operating system developer, I had the right skills for this job. So "
"even though I could not take success for granted, I realized that I was "
@@ -428,7 +503,7 @@
"that it would be portable, and so that Unix users could easily switch to "
"it. The name GNU was chosen, following a hacker tradition, as a recursive "
"acronym for “GNU's Not Unix.” It is pronounced as <a href=\"/gnu/"
-"pronunciation.html\">one syllable with a hard g</a>."
+"pronunciation.html\">one syllable with a hard <i>g</i></a>."
msgstr ""
"Als Betriebssystementwickler hatte ich die richtigen Kenntnisse für diese "
"Aufgabe. Auch wenn ich den Erfolg nicht als garantiert ansehen konnte, wurde "
@@ -440,7 +515,7 @@
"gewählt und wird [<a title=\"Aussprache\" href=\"/pronunciation/\">ËgnuË</"
"a>] ausgesprochen."
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"An operating system does not mean just a kernel, barely enough to run other "
"programs. In the 1970s, every operating system worthy of the name included "
@@ -455,41 +530,41 @@
"und vieles mehr. ITS, Multics, VMS und Unix hatten sie. Das GNU-"
"Betriebssystem würde sie auch umfassen."
-#. type: Content of: <p>
-msgid "Later I heard these words, attributed to Hillel (1):"
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
+# | Later I heard these words, attributed to [-Hillel (1):-] {+Hillel <a
+# | href=\"#ft2\">[2]</a>:+}
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid "Later I heard these words, attributed to Hillel (1):"
+msgid ""
+"Later I heard these words, attributed to Hillel <a href=\"#ft2\">[2]</"
+"a>:"
msgstr ""
"Später hörte ich diese Wörter, zurückgeführt auf Hillel<a href=\"#fn2\"
id="
"\"fn2-ref\" class=\"fnote\">[2]</a>:"
-#. type: Content of: <blockquote><p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><blockquote><p>
msgid "If I am not for myself, who will be for me?"
msgstr "âWenn ich nicht für mich bin, wer wird für mich sein?"
-#. type: Content of: <blockquote><p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><blockquote><p>
msgid "If I am only for myself, what am I?"
msgstr "Wenn ich nur für mich bin, was bin ich dann?"
-#. type: Content of: <blockquote><p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><blockquote><p>
msgid "If not now, when?"
msgstr "Wenn nicht jetzt, wann?â"
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid "The decision to start the GNU Project was based on a similar spirit."
msgstr ""
"Der Entschluss, mit dem GNU-Projekt zu beginnen, beruhte auf einem ähnlichen
"
"Geist."
-#. type: Content of: <p>
-msgid ""
-"(1) As an Atheist, I don't follow any religious leaders, but I sometimes "
-"find I admire something one of them has said."
-msgstr "<!--see footer-->"
-
-#. type: Content of: <h3>
+#. type: Content of: <div><h3>
msgid "Free as in freedom"
msgstr "Frei wie in Freiheit"
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"The term “free software” is sometimes misunderstood—it has "
"nothing to do with price. It is about freedom. Here, therefore, is the "
@@ -499,18 +574,18 @@
" er hat nichts mit dem Preis zu tun. Es geht um Freiheit. Hier deshalb "
"die Freie-Software-Definition."
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid "A program is free software, for you, a particular user, if:"
msgstr ""
"Ein Programm ist Freie Software, für Sie, einem besonderen Benutzer, wenn:"
-#. type: Content of: <ul><li>
+#. type: Content of: <div><ul><li>
msgid "You have the freedom to run the program as you wish, for any purpose."
msgstr ""
"Sie die Freiheit haben, das Programm auszuführen wie Sie möchten, für
jeden "
"Zweck;"
-#. type: Content of: <ul><li>
+#. type: Content of: <div><ul><li>
msgid ""
"You have the freedom to modify the program to suit your needs. (To make "
"this freedom effective in practice, you must have access to the source code, "
@@ -522,14 +597,14 @@
"haben, denn Programmänderungen ohne Quellcode sind auÃerordentlich "
"schwierig);"
-#. type: Content of: <ul><li>
+#. type: Content of: <div><ul><li>
msgid ""
"You have the freedom to redistribute copies, either gratis or for a fee."
msgstr ""
"Sie die Freiheit haben, Kopien weiterzuverbreiten, entweder gratis oder "
"gegen eine Gebühr;"
-#. type: Content of: <ul><li>
+#. type: Content of: <div><ul><li>
msgid ""
"You have the freedom to distribute modified versions of the program, so that "
"the community can benefit from your improvements."
@@ -537,7 +612,7 @@
"Sie die Freiheit haben, modifizierte Programmversionen zu distribuieren, "
"damit die Gemeinschaft von Ihren Verbesserungen profitieren kann."
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"Since “free” refers to freedom, not to price, there is no "
"contradiction between selling copies and free software. In fact, the "
@@ -554,14 +629,34 @@
"zu investieren. Daher ist ein Programm, das man diesen Sammlungen nicht frei "
"aufnehmen kann, keine <em>freie</em> Software."
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
+# | Because of the ambiguity of [-“free”,-]
+# | {+“free,”+} people have long looked for alternatives, but no
+# | one has found a better term. The English language has more words and
+# | nuances than any other, but it lacks a simple, unambiguous, word that
+# | means [-“free”,-] {+“free,”+} as in
+# | freedom—“unfettered” being the word that comes closest
+# | in meaning. Such alternatives as [-“liberated”,
+# | “freedom”,-] {+“liberated,”
+# | “freedom,”+} and “open” have either the wrong
+# | meaning or some other disadvantage.
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "Because of the ambiguity of “free”, people have long looked "
+#| "for alternatives, but no one has found a better term. The English "
+#| "language has more words and nuances than any other, but it lacks a "
+#| "simple, unambiguous, word that means “free”, as in "
+#| "freedom—“unfettered” being the word that comes closest "
+#| "in meaning. Such alternatives as “liberated”, “"
+#| "freedom”, and “open” have either the wrong meaning or "
+#| "some other disadvantage."
msgid ""
-"Because of the ambiguity of “free”, people have long looked for "
+"Because of the ambiguity of “free,” people have long looked for "
"alternatives, but no one has found a better term. The English language has "
"more words and nuances than any other, but it lacks a simple, unambiguous, "
-"word that means “free”, as in freedom—“"
+"word that means “free,” as in freedom—“"
"unfettered” being the word that comes closest in meaning. Such "
-"alternatives as “liberated”, “freedom”, and “"
+"alternatives as “liberated,” “freedom,” and “"
"open” have either the wrong meaning or some other disadvantage."
msgstr ""
"Aufgrund der Mehrdeutigkeit von <em>frei</em> hat man lange nach "
@@ -573,11 +668,11 @@
"<em>Freiheit</em> und <em>offen</em> haben entweder die falsche Bedeutung "
"oder einen anderen Nachteil."
-#. type: Content of: <h3>
+#. type: Content of: <div><h3>
msgid "GNU software and the GNU system"
msgstr "GNU-Software und das GNU-System"
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"Developing a whole system is a very large project. To bring it into reach, "
"I decided to adapt and use existing pieces of free software wherever that "
@@ -594,7 +689,7 @@
"GNU zu schreiben."
# sog. ânongnuâ
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"Because of these decisions, and others like them, the GNU system is not the "
"same as the collection of all GNU software. The GNU system includes "
@@ -608,11 +703,11 @@
"Personen und Projekten für deren eigene Zwecke entwickelt
wurden ‑"
" aber die wir verwenden können, weil sie <em>freie</em> Software sind."
-#. type: Content of: <h3>
+#. type: Content of: <div><h3>
msgid "Commencing the project"
msgstr "Der Anfang des Projekts"
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"In January 1984 I quit my job at MIT and began writing GNU software. "
"Leaving MIT was necessary so that MIT would not be able to interfere with "
@@ -633,7 +728,7 @@
"eigentlichen Zweck nutzlos wird: das Schaffen einer neuen Software teilenden "
"Gemeinschaft."
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"However, Professor Winston, then the head of the MIT AI Lab, kindly invited "
"me to keep using the lab's facilities."
@@ -642,15 +737,29 @@
"lang=\"en\" lang=\"en\">MIT AI Lab</span>, freundlicherweise ein, weiterhin "
"die Einrichtung des Labors zu nutzen."
-#. type: Content of: <h3>
+#. type: Content of: <div><h3>
msgid "The first steps"
msgstr "Die ersten Schritte"
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
+# | Shortly before beginning the GNU Project, I heard about the Free
+# | University Compiler Kit, also known as VUCK. (The Dutch word for
+# | “free” is written with a [-<em>v</em>.)-] {+<i>v</i>.)+} This
+# | was a compiler designed to handle multiple languages, including C and
+# | Pascal, and to support multiple target machines. I wrote to its author
+# | asking if GNU could use it.
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "Shortly before beginning the GNU Project, I heard about the Free "
+#| "University Compiler Kit, also known as VUCK. (The Dutch word for “"
+#| "free” is written with a <em>v</em>.) This was a compiler designed "
+#| "to handle multiple languages, including C and Pascal, and to support "
+#| "multiple target machines. I wrote to its author asking if GNU could use "
+#| "it."
msgid ""
"Shortly before beginning the GNU Project, I heard about the Free University "
"Compiler Kit, also known as VUCK. (The Dutch word for “free” is "
-"written with a <em>v</em>.) This was a compiler designed to handle multiple "
+"written with a <i>v</i>.) This was a compiler designed to handle multiple "
"languages, including C and Pascal, and to support multiple target machines. "
"I wrote to its author asking if GNU could use it."
msgstr ""
@@ -662,7 +771,7 @@
"Pascal, zu verarbeiten und mehrere Zielplattformen zu unterstützten. Ich "
"schrieb dem Autor und fragte, ob das Programm für GNU genutzt werden könne."
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"He responded derisively, stating that the university was free but the "
"compiler was not. I therefore decided that my first program for the GNU "
@@ -672,7 +781,7 @@
"aber der Compiler. Ich beschloss daher, dass mein erstes Programm für das "
"GNU-Projekt ein mehrsprachiger, plattformübergreifender Compiler sein
würde."
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"Hoping to avoid the need to write the whole compiler myself, I obtained the "
"source code for the Pastel compiler, which was a multiplatform compiler "
@@ -694,11 +803,31 @@
"das verfügbare 68000 Unix-System nur 64k erlauben würde, musste ich "
"allerdings aufgeben."
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
+# | I then realized that the Pastel compiler functioned by parsing the entire
+# | input file into a syntax tree, converting the whole syntax tree into a
+# | chain of [-“instructions”,-] {+“instructions,”+}
+# | and then generating the whole output file, without ever freeing any
+# | storage. At this point, I concluded I would have to write a new compiler
+# | from scratch. That new compiler is now known as <abbr title=\"GNU
+# | Compiler Collection\">GCC</abbr>; none of the Pastel compiler is used in
+# | it, but I managed to adapt and use the C front end that I had written.
+# | But that was some years later; first, I worked on GNU Emacs.
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "I then realized that the Pastel compiler functioned by parsing the entire "
+#| "input file into a syntax tree, converting the whole syntax tree into a "
+#| "chain of “instructions”, and then generating the whole output "
+#| "file, without ever freeing any storage. At this point, I concluded I "
+#| "would have to write a new compiler from scratch. That new compiler is "
+#| "now known as <abbr title=\"GNU Compiler Collection\">GCC</abbr>; none of "
+#| "the Pastel compiler is used in it, but I managed to adapt and use the C "
+#| "front end that I had written. But that was some years later; first, I "
+#| "worked on GNU Emacs."
msgid ""
"I then realized that the Pastel compiler functioned by parsing the entire "
"input file into a syntax tree, converting the whole syntax tree into a chain "
-"of “instructions”, and then generating the whole output file, "
+"of “instructions,” and then generating the whole output file, "
"without ever freeing any storage. At this point, I concluded I would have "
"to write a new compiler from scratch. That new compiler is now known as "
"<abbr title=\"GNU Compiler Collection\">GCC</abbr>; none of the Pastel "
@@ -716,11 +845,11 @@
"Frontend, welches ich geschrieben hatte, anzupassen und zu nutzen. Aber das "
"war erst einige Jahre später, zuerst arbeitete ich an GNU Emacs."
-#. type: Content of: <h3>
+#. type: Content of: <div><h3>
msgid "GNU Emacs"
msgstr "GNU Emacs"
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"I began work on GNU Emacs in September 1984, and in early 1985 it was "
"beginning to be usable. This enabled me to begin using Unix systems to do "
@@ -733,7 +862,7 @@
"<em>Vi</em> oder <em>Ed</em> zu erlernen, hatte ich meine Bearbeitung bis "
"dahin auf anderen Rechnern erledigt."
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"At this point, people began wanting to use GNU Emacs, which raised the "
"question of how to distribute it. Of course, I put it on the anonymous ftp "
@@ -753,7 +882,7 @@
"keinen Internetzugang und konnten keine Kopie per FTP abrufen. Also stellte "
"sich die Frage, was ich ihnen sagen würde."
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"I could have said, “Find a friend who is on the net and who will make "
"a copy for you.” Or I could have done what I did with the original "
@@ -775,11 +904,11 @@
"begann ich einen geschäftlichen Vertrieb mit freier Software, dem Vorläufer
"
"der Unternehmen, die heute ganze GNU/Linux-Distributionen verbreiten."
-#. type: Content of: <h3>
+#. type: Content of: <div><h3>
msgid "Is a program free for every user?"
msgstr "Ist ein Programm für jeden Benutzer frei?"
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"If a program is free software when it leaves the hands of its author, this "
"does not necessarily mean it will be free software for everyone who has a "
@@ -800,7 +929,7 @@
"viele freie Programme mit einem Copyright versehen, aber unter einfachen "
"freizügigen Lizenzen, die proprietäre modifizierte Versionen ermöglichen."
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"The paradigmatic example of this problem is the X Window System. Developed "
"at MIT, and released as free software with a permissive license, it was soon "
@@ -816,11 +945,23 @@
"Vertraulichkeitsvereinbarung. Diese X11-Kopien waren wie Unix keine "
"<em>freie</em> Software mehr."
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
+# | The developers of the X Window System did not consider this a
+# | problem—they expected and intended this to happen. Their goal was
+# | not freedom, just [-“success”,-] {+“success,”+}
+# | defined as “having many users.” They did not care whether
+# | these users had freedom, only that they should be numerous.
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "The developers of the X Window System did not consider this a "
+#| "problem—they expected and intended this to happen. Their goal was "
+#| "not freedom, just “success”, defined as “having many "
+#| "users.” They did not care whether these users had freedom, only "
+#| "that they should be numerous."
msgid ""
"The developers of the X Window System did not consider this a problem—"
"they expected and intended this to happen. Their goal was not freedom, just "
-"“success”, defined as “having many users.” They did "
+"“success,” defined as “having many users.” They did "
"not care whether these users had freedom, only that they should be numerous."
msgstr ""
"Die Entwickler von X11 betrachteten dies nicht als ein Problem ‑"
@@ -828,7 +969,7 @@
"nur <em>Erfolg</em>, definiert als <em>viele Benutzer habend</em>. Es "
"kümmerte nicht, ob diese Freiheit hatten, sie sollten nur zahlreich sein."
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"This led to a paradoxical situation where two different ways of counting the "
"amount of freedom gave different answers to the question, “Is this "
@@ -847,16 +988,27 @@
"Benutzer führten die proprietären Versionen aus, die mit unfreien Unix-"
"Systemen kamen, nicht die freie Version."
-#. type: Content of: <h3>
+#. type: Content of: <div><h3>
msgid "Copyleft and the GNU GPL"
msgstr "Copyleft und die GNU GPL"
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
+# | The goal of GNU was to give users freedom, not just to be popular. So we
+# | needed to use distribution terms that would prevent GNU software from
+# | being turned into proprietary software. The method we use is called
+# | [-“copyleft”.(1)-] {+“copyleft” <a
+# | href=\"#ft3\">[3]</a>.+}
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "The goal of GNU was to give users freedom, not just to be popular. So we "
+#| "needed to use distribution terms that would prevent GNU software from "
+#| "being turned into proprietary software. The method we use is called "
+#| "“copyleft”.(1)"
msgid ""
"The goal of GNU was to give users freedom, not just to be popular. So we "
"needed to use distribution terms that would prevent GNU software from being "
"turned into proprietary software. The method we use is called “"
-"copyleft”.(1)"
+"copyleft” <a href=\"#ft3\">[3]</a>."
msgstr ""
"Das Ziel von GNU war den Benutzern Freiheit zu geben, nicht nur beliebt zu "
"sein. Also mussten wir Vertriebsbedingungen verwenden, die verhindern "
@@ -864,7 +1016,7 @@
"wir verwenden, wird <em>Copyleft</em> genannt.<a href=\"#fn3\" id=\"fn3-ref"
"\" class=\"fnote\">(3)</a>"
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"Copyleft uses copyright law, but flips it over to serve the opposite of its "
"usual purpose: instead of a means for restricting a program, it becomes a "
@@ -874,7 +1026,7 @@
"üblichen Zwecks an: statt einem Mittel zur Beschränkung eines Programms
wird "
"es zu einem Mittel, damit das Programm frei bleibt."
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"The central idea of copyleft is that we give everyone permission to run the "
"program, copy the program, modify the program, and distribute modified "
@@ -889,7 +1041,7 @@
"<em>Freie Software</em> definieren, an jedermann garantiert, wer eine Kopie "
"besitzt. Sie werden unveräuÃerliche Rechte."
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"For an effective copyleft, modified versions must also be free. This "
"ensures that work based on ours becomes available to our community if it is "
@@ -906,7 +1058,7 @@
"können diese Ãnderungen nicht mit anderen austauschen, weil wir sie nutzen "
"werden, um unsere proprietäre Version des Programms daraus zu
machen.â</em>"
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"The requirement that changes must be free is essential if we want to ensure "
"freedom for every user of the program. The companies that privatized the X "
@@ -923,7 +1075,7 @@
"gemachte Ãnderungen Vorwand wären, um den Nutzern Freiheit zu versagen,
wäre "
"es für jedermann einfach, die Vorteile als Vorwand auszunutzen."
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"A related issue concerns combining a free program with nonfree code. Such a "
"combination would inevitably be nonfree; whichever freedoms are lacking for "
@@ -942,13 +1094,27 @@
"Programm hinzuzufügen oder zu kombinieren muss so erfolgen, dass die daraus "
"gröÃere kombinierte Version ebenfalls frei und mit Copyleft ist."
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
+# | The specific implementation of copyleft that we use for most GNU software
+# | is the GNU General Public License, or GNU GPL for short. We have other
+# | kinds of copyleft that are used in specific circumstances. GNU manuals
+# | are copylefted also, but use a much simpler kind of copyleft, because the
+# | complexity of the GNU GPL is not necessary for [-manuals.(2)-]
+# | {+manuals. <a href=\"#ft4\">[4]</a>+}
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "The specific implementation of copyleft that we use for most GNU software "
+#| "is the GNU General Public License, or GNU GPL for short. We have other "
+#| "kinds of copyleft that are used in specific circumstances. GNU manuals "
+#| "are copylefted also, but use a much simpler kind of copyleft, because the "
+#| "complexity of the GNU GPL is not necessary for manuals.(2)"
msgid ""
"The specific implementation of copyleft that we use for most GNU software is "
"the GNU General Public License, or GNU GPL for short. We have other kinds "
"of copyleft that are used in specific circumstances. GNU manuals are "
"copylefted also, but use a much simpler kind of copyleft, because the "
-"complexity of the GNU GPL is not necessary for manuals.(2)"
+"complexity of the GNU GPL is not necessary for manuals. <a href="
+"\"#ft4\">[4]</a>"
msgstr ""
"Die konkrete Umsetzung des Copyleft, die wir für die meiste GNU-Software "
"verwenden, ist die <cite><span xml:lang=\"en\" lang=\"en\">GNU General "
@@ -958,33 +1124,35 @@
"einfacheres Copyleft, weil die Komplexität der GNU GPL für Handbücher
nicht "
"notwendig ist.<a href=\"#fn4\" id=\"fn4-ref\" class=\"fnote\">(4)</a>"
-# #3
-#. type: Content of: <p>
-msgid ""
-"(1) In 1984 or 1985, Don Hopkins (a very imaginative fellow) mailed me a "
-"letter. On the envelope he had written several amusing sayings, including "
-"this one: “Copyleft—all rights reversed.” I used the word "
-"“copyleft” to name the distribution concept I was developing at "
-"the time."
-msgstr "<!--see footer-->"
-
-# #4
-#. type: Content of: <p>
-msgid ""
-"(2) We now use the <a href=\"/licenses/fdl.html\">GNU Free Documentation "
-"License</a> for documentation."
-msgstr "<!--see footer-->"
-
-#. type: Content of: <h3>
+#. type: Content of: <div><h3>
msgid "The Free Software Foundation"
msgstr "<span xml:lang=\"en\" lang=\"en\">Free Software Foundation</span>"
# 'â¦once again. So inâ¦' full stop in German is replaced by comma
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
+# | As interest in using Emacs was growing, other people became involved in
+# | the GNU project, and we decided that it was time to seek funding once
+# | again. So in 1985 we created the <a
+# | href=\"http{+s+}://www.fsf.org/\">Free Software Foundation</a> (FSF), a
+# | tax-exempt charity for free software development. The <abbr title=\"Free
+# | Software Foundation\">FSF</abbr> also took over the Emacs tape
+# | distribution business; later it extended this by adding other free
+# | software (both GNU and non-GNU) to the tape, and by selling free manuals
+# | as well.
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "As interest in using Emacs was growing, other people became involved in "
+#| "the GNU project, and we decided that it was time to seek funding once "
+#| "again. So in 1985 we created the <a href=\"http://www.fsf.org/\";>Free "
+#| "Software Foundation</a> (FSF), a tax-exempt charity for free software "
+#| "development. The <abbr title=\"Free Software Foundation\">FSF</abbr> "
+#| "also took over the Emacs tape distribution business; later it extended "
+#| "this by adding other free software (both GNU and non-GNU) to the tape, "
+#| "and by selling free manuals as well."
msgid ""
"As interest in using Emacs was growing, other people became involved in the "
"GNU project, and we decided that it was time to seek funding once again. So "
-"in 1985 we created the <a href=\"http://www.fsf.org/\";>Free Software "
+"in 1985 we created the <a href=\"https://www.fsf.org/\";>Free Software "
"Foundation</a> (FSF), a tax-exempt charity for free software development. "
"The <abbr title=\"Free Software Foundation\">FSF</abbr> also took over the "
"Emacs tape distribution business; later it extended this by adding other "
@@ -1002,16 +1170,37 @@
"Verkauf freier Handbücher erweitert."
# â¦pflegte [â¦] zu kommen.
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
+# | Most of the FSF's income used to come from sales of copies of free
+# | software and of other related services (CD-ROMs of source code, CD-ROMs
+# | with binaries, nicely printed manuals, all with the freedom to
+# | redistribute and modify), and Deluxe Distributions (distributions for
+# | which we built the whole collection of software for the customer's choice
+# | of platform). Today the FSF still <a href=\"http{+s+}://shop.fsf.org/\">
+# | sells manuals and other gear</a>, but it gets the bulk of its funding from
+# | members' dues. You can join the FSF at <a
+# | [-href=\"http://fsf.org/join\";>fsf.org</a>.-]
+# | {+href=\"https://my.fsf.org/join\";>fsf.org</a>.+}
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "Most of the FSF's income used to come from sales of copies of free "
+#| "software and of other related services (CD-ROMs of source code, CD-ROMs "
+#| "with binaries, nicely printed manuals, all with the freedom to "
+#| "redistribute and modify), and Deluxe Distributions (distributions for "
+#| "which we built the whole collection of software for the customer's choice "
+#| "of platform). Today the FSF still <a href=\"http://shop.fsf.org/\";> "
+#| "sells manuals and other gear</a>, but it gets the bulk of its funding "
+#| "from members' dues. You can join the FSF at <a href=\"http://fsf.org/join";
+#| "\">fsf.org</a>."
msgid ""
"Most of the FSF's income used to come from sales of copies of free software "
"and of other related services (CD-ROMs of source code, CD-ROMs with "
"binaries, nicely printed manuals, all with the freedom to redistribute and "
"modify), and Deluxe Distributions (distributions for which we built the "
"whole collection of software for the customer's choice of platform). Today "
-"the FSF still <a href=\"http://shop.fsf.org/\";> sells manuals and other "
+"the FSF still <a href=\"https://shop.fsf.org/\";> sells manuals and other "
"gear</a>, but it gets the bulk of its funding from members' dues. You can "
-"join the FSF at <a href=\"http://fsf.org/join\";>fsf.org</a>."
+"join the FSF at <a href=\"https://my.fsf.org/join\";>fsf.org</a>."
msgstr ""
"Der gröÃte Teil der Einnahmen der FSF kam aus den Verkäufen von Kopien "
"freier Software und anderen damit zusammenhängenden Diensten (CD-ROMs mit "
@@ -1023,7 +1212,24 @@
"GroÃteil ihrer Mittel aus Mitgliedsbeiträgen. Sie können der FSF unter <a "
"href=\"http://fsf.org/join\";>FSF.org</a> beitreten."
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
+# | Free Software Foundation employees have written and maintained a number of
+# | GNU software packages. Two notable ones are the C library and the shell.
+# | The GNU C library is what every program running on a GNU/Linux system uses
+# | to communicate with Linux. It was developed by a member of the Free
+# | Software Foundation staff, Roland McGrath. The shell used on most
+# | GNU/Linux systems is <abbr title=\"Bourne Again Shell\">BASH</abbr>, the
+# | Bourne Again [-Shell(1),-] {+SHell <a href=\"#ft5\">[5]</a>,+} which
+# | was developed by FSF employee Brian Fox.
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "Free Software Foundation employees have written and maintained a number "
+#| "of GNU software packages. Two notable ones are the C library and the "
+#| "shell. The GNU C library is what every program running on a GNU/Linux "
+#| "system uses to communicate with Linux. It was developed by a member of "
+#| "the Free Software Foundation staff, Roland McGrath. The shell used on "
+#| "most GNU/Linux systems is <abbr title=\"Bourne Again Shell\">BASH</abbr>, "
+#| "the Bourne Again Shell(1), which was developed by FSF employee Brian Fox."
msgid ""
"Free Software Foundation employees have written and maintained a number of "
"GNU software packages. Two notable ones are the C library and the shell. "
@@ -1031,7 +1237,8 @@
"to communicate with Linux. It was developed by a member of the Free "
"Software Foundation staff, Roland McGrath. The shell used on most GNU/Linux "
"systems is <abbr title=\"Bourne Again Shell\">BASH</abbr>, the Bourne Again "
-"Shell(1), which was developed by FSF employee Brian Fox."
+"SHell <a href=\"#ft5\">[5]</a>, which was developed by FSF employee "
+"Brian Fox."
msgstr ""
"Mitarbeiter der <span xml:lang=\"en\" lang=\"en\">Free Software Foundation</"
"span> haben eine Reihe von GNU-Softwarepaketen geschrieben und betreut. Zwei "
@@ -1044,7 +1251,7 @@
"span></em> (BASH)<a href=\"#fn5\" id=\"fn5-ref\" class=\"fnote\">[5]</a>, "
"entwickelt von Brian Fox, einem FSF-Mitarbeiter."
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"We funded development of these programs because the GNU Project was not just "
"about tools or a development environment. Our goal was a complete operating "
@@ -1055,18 +1262,11 @@
"war ein vollständiges Betriebssystem, und diese Programme waren für dieses "
"Ziel erforderlich."
-# #5
-#. type: Content of: <p>
-msgid ""
-"(1) “Bourne Again Shell” is a play on the name “Bourne "
-"Shell”, which was the usual shell on Unix."
-msgstr "<!--see footer-->"
-
-#. type: Content of: <h3>
+#. type: Content of: <div><h3>
msgid "Free software support"
msgstr "Freie-Software-Unterstützung"
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"The free software philosophy rejects a specific widespread business "
"practice, but it is not against business. When businesses respect the "
@@ -1076,7 +1276,7 @@
"Geschäftspraxis ab, aber ist nicht gegen das Geschäft. Wenn Geschäfte die "
"Freiheit der Nutzer respektieren, wünschen wir ihnen Erfolg."
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"Selling copies of Emacs demonstrates one kind of free software business. "
"When the FSF took over that business, I needed another way to make a "
@@ -1093,7 +1293,7 @@
"GNU Emacs programmiert und GCC anpasst und Softwareentwicklung, "
"hauptsächlich das Portieren von GCC auf neue Plattformen."
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"Today each of these kinds of free software business is practiced by a number "
"of corporations. Some distribute free software collections on CD-ROM; "
@@ -1108,14 +1308,33 @@
"Programmfunktionen. Wir fangen sogar an Freie-Software-Unternehmen zu sehen, "
"die aufgrund neuer Freie-Software-Produkte gegründet werden."
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
+# | Watch out, though—a number of companies that associate themselves
+# | with the term “open source” actually base their business on
+# | nonfree software that works with free software. These are not free
+# | software companies, they are proprietary software companies whose products
+# | tempt users away from freedom. They call these programs
+# | “value-added [-packages”,-] {+packages,”+} which shows
+# | the values they would like us to adopt: convenience above freedom. If we
+# | value freedom more, we should call them “freedom-subtracted”
+# | packages.
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "Watch out, though—a number of companies that associate themselves "
+#| "with the term “open source” actually base their business on "
+#| "nonfree software that works with free software. These are not free "
+#| "software companies, they are proprietary software companies whose "
+#| "products tempt users away from freedom. They call these programs “"
+#| "value-added packages”, which shows the values they would like us to "
+#| "adopt: convenience above freedom. If we value freedom more, we should "
+#| "call them “freedom-subtracted” packages."
msgid ""
"Watch out, though—a number of companies that associate themselves with "
"the term “open source” actually base their business on nonfree "
"software that works with free software. These are not free software "
"companies, they are proprietary software companies whose products tempt "
"users away from freedom. They call these programs “value-added "
-"packages”, which shows the values they would like us to adopt: "
+"packages,” which shows the values they would like us to adopt: "
"convenience above freedom. If we value freedom more, we should call them "
"“freedom-subtracted” packages."
msgstr ""
@@ -1129,11 +1348,11 @@
"Freiheit. Wenn wir Freiheit höher schätzen, sollten sie "
"<em>freiheitsentziehende</em> Pakete genannt werden."
-#. type: Content of: <h3>
+#. type: Content of: <div><h3>
msgid "Technical goals"
msgstr "Technische Ziele"
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"The principal goal of GNU is to be free software. Even if GNU had no "
"technical advantage over Unix, it would have a social advantage, allowing "
@@ -1144,7 +1363,7 @@
"der Nutzern erlaubt zusammenzuarbeiten, und einen ethischen Vorteil, der die "
"Freiheit des Nutzers respektiert."
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"But it was natural to apply the known standards of good practice to the "
"work—for example, dynamically allocating data structures to avoid "
@@ -1156,7 +1375,7 @@
"Datenstrukturen, um willkürliche feste GröÃenbegrenzungen zu vermeiden,
und "
"die Handhabung aller möglichen 8-Bit-Codes, wann immer das Sinn macht."
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"In addition, we rejected the Unix focus on small memory size, by deciding "
"not to support 16-bit machines (it was clear that 32-bit machines would be "
@@ -1175,7 +1394,7 @@
"Eingabedatei in den Prozessorkern einzulesen, dann seinen Inhalt zu "
"überprüfen, ohne sich um Ein- und Ausgabe kümmern zu müssen."
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"These decisions enabled many GNU programs to surpass their Unix counterparts "
"in reliability and speed."
@@ -1183,11 +1402,11 @@
"Diese Entscheidungen ermöglichten vielen GNU-Programmen, ihre Unix-"
"Gegenstücke in Zuverlässigkeit und Geschwindigkeit zu übertreffen."
-#. type: Content of: <h3>
+#. type: Content of: <div><h3>
msgid "Donated computers"
msgstr "Gespendete Rechner"
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"As the GNU Project's reputation grew, people began offering to donate "
"machines running Unix to the project. These were very useful, because the "
@@ -1202,7 +1421,7 @@
"‑ eine nach der anderen. Aber das löste eine ethische Frage aus: "
"ob es für uns richtig war, überhaupt eine Kopie von Unix zu besitzen."
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"Unix was (and is) proprietary software, and the GNU Project's philosophy "
"said that we should not use proprietary software. But, applying the same "
@@ -1219,7 +1438,7 @@
"eines freien Ersatzes entscheidend war, der anderen helfen würde, das "
"proprietäre Paket nicht mehr zu verwenden."
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"But, even if this was a justifiable evil, it was still an evil. Today we no "
"longer have any copies of Unix, because we have replaced them with free "
@@ -1231,11 +1450,11 @@
"durch freie Betriebssysteme ersetzten. Konnten wir das Betriebssystem eines "
"Rechners nicht ersetzen, ersetzten wir stattdessen den Rechner."
-#. type: Content of: <h3>
+#. type: Content of: <div><h3>
msgid "The GNU Task List"
msgstr "GNU-Aufgabenliste"
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"As the GNU Project proceeded, and increasing numbers of system components "
"were found or developed, eventually it became useful to make a list of the "
@@ -1253,13 +1472,27 @@
"verschiedene andere nützliche Software- und Dokumentationsprojekte auf, die "
"unserer Meinung nach ein Gesamtsystem haben sollte."
-#. type: Content of: <p>
-msgid ""
-"Today (1), hardly any Unix components are left in the GNU Task List—"
-"those jobs had been done, aside from a few inessential ones. But the list "
-"is full of projects that some might call “applications”. Any "
-"program that appeals to more than a narrow class of users would be a useful "
-"thing to add to an operating system."
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
+# | [-Today (1),-]{+Today <a href=\"#ft6\">[6]</a>,+} hardly any Unix
+# | components are left in the GNU Task List—those jobs had been done,
+# | aside from a few inessential ones. But the list is full of projects that
+# | some might call [-“applications”.-]
+# | {+“applications.”+} Any program that appeals to more than a
+# | narrow class of users would be a useful thing to add to an operating
+# | system.
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "Today (1), hardly any Unix components are left in the GNU Task List—"
+#| "those jobs had been done, aside from a few inessential ones. But the "
+#| "list is full of projects that some might call “"
+#| "applications”. Any program that appeals to more than a narrow "
+#| "class of users would be a useful thing to add to an operating system."
+msgid ""
+"Today <a href=\"#ft6\">[6]</a>, hardly any Unix components are left in "
+"the GNU Task List—those jobs had been done, aside from a few "
+"inessential ones. But the list is full of projects that some might call "
+"“applications.” Any program that appeals to more than a narrow "
+"class of users would be a useful thing to add to an operating system."
msgstr ""
"Heute sind kaum noch Unix-Komponenten in der <cite xml:lang=\"en\" lang=\"en"
"\">GNU Task List</cite><a href=\"#fn6\" id=\"fn6-ref\" class=\"fnote\">[6]</"
@@ -1269,7 +1502,7 @@
"kleine Benutzergruppe anspricht, wäre sinnvoll, um es einem Betriebssystem "
"hinzuzufügen."
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"Even games are included in the task list—and have been since the "
"beginning. Unix included games, so naturally GNU should too. But "
@@ -1284,24 +1517,25 @@
"führten wir ein Spektrum verschiedener möglicher Spiele auf, die Benutzer "
"mögen würden."
-# #6
-#. type: Content of: <p>
-msgid ""
-"(1) That was written in 1998. In 2009 we no longer maintain a long task "
-"list. The community develops free software so fast that we can't even keep "
-"track of it all. Instead, we have a list of High Priority Projects, a much "
-"shorter list of projects we really want to encourage people to write."
-msgstr "<!--see footer-->"
-
-#. type: Content of: <h3>
+#. type: Content of: <div><h3>
msgid "The GNU Library GPL"
msgstr "GNU Library GPL"
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
+# | The GNU C library uses a special kind of copyleft called the GNU Library
+# | General Public [-License(1),-] {+License <a href=\"#ft7\">[7]</a>,+}
+# | which gives permission to link proprietary software with the library. Why
+# | make this exception?
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "The GNU C library uses a special kind of copyleft called the GNU Library "
+#| "General Public License(1), which gives permission to link proprietary "
+#| "software with the library. Why make this exception?"
msgid ""
"The GNU C library uses a special kind of copyleft called the GNU Library "
-"General Public License(1), which gives permission to link proprietary "
-"software with the library. Why make this exception?"
+"General Public License <a href=\"#ft7\">[7]</a>, which gives "
+"permission to link proprietary software with the library. Why make this "
+"exception?"
msgstr ""
"Die GNU C-Bibliothek nutzt eine spezielle Art des Copyleft namens <em><span "
"xml:lang=\"en\" lang=\"en\">GNU Library General Public License</span></em> "
@@ -1309,7 +1543,7 @@
"Bibliothek zu verbinden.<a href=\"#fn7\" id=\"fn7-ref\" class=\"fnote\">(7)</"
"a> Warum diese Ausnahme?"
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"It is not a matter of principle; there is no principle that says proprietary "
"software products are entitled to include our code. (Why contribute to a "
@@ -1322,7 +1556,7 @@
"LGPL für die C-Bibliothek (oder für jedwede Bibliothek) zu verwenden, ist "
"eine Frage der Strategie."
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"The C library does a generic job; every proprietary system or compiler comes "
"with a C library. Therefore, to make our C library available only to free "
@@ -1335,7 +1569,7 @@
"Vorteil bringen ‑ es hätte nur von der Nutzung unserer "
"Bibliothek abgehalten."
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"One system is an exception to this: on the GNU system (and this includes GNU/"
"Linux), the GNU C library is the only C library. So the distribution terms "
@@ -1356,7 +1590,7 @@
"Anwendungen zu fördern. Deshalb ist die Verwendung der Library GPL eine
"
"gute Strategie für die C-Bibliothek."
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"For other libraries, the strategic decision needs to be considered on a case-"
"by-case basis. When a library does a special job that can help write "
@@ -1371,7 +1605,7 @@
"‑ ist das ein Weg, anderen Freie-Software-Entwicklern zu helfen "
"und einen Vorteil gegenüber proprietäre Software zu geben."
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"Consider GNU Readline, a library that was developed to provide command-line "
"editing for BASH. Readline is released under the ordinary GNU GPL, not the "
@@ -1388,7 +1622,7 @@
"ausdrücklich zu freier Software gemacht, damit sie Readline nutzen kann, und
"
"das ist ein echter Gewinn für die Gemeinschaft."
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"Proprietary software developers have the advantages money provides; free "
"software developers need to make advantages for each other. I hope some day "
@@ -1405,20 +1639,11 @@
"Software dienen und sich zu einem gröÃeren Vorteil für die weitere Freie-"
"Software-Entwicklung summieren."
-# #7
-#. type: Content of: <p>
-msgid ""
-"(1) This license is now called the GNU Lesser General Public License, to "
-"avoid giving the idea that all libraries ought to use it. See <a href=\"/"
-"philosophy/why-not-lgpl.html\">Why you shouldn't use the Lesser GPL for your "
-"next library</a> for more information."
-msgstr "<!--see footer-->"
-
-#. type: Content of: <h3>
+#. type: Content of: <div><h3>
msgid "Scratching an itch?"
msgstr "Einen Juckreiz löschen?"
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"Eric Raymond says that “Every good work of software starts by "
"scratching a developer's personal itch.” Maybe that happens sometimes, "
@@ -1433,7 +1658,7 @@
"haben. Sie stammen aus einer Vision und einem Plan, nicht aus einem Impuls "
"heraus."
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"For example, we developed the GNU C library because a Unix-like system needs "
"a C library, BASH because a Unix-like system needs a shell, and GNU tar "
@@ -1446,7 +1671,7 @@
"Archivierungsprogramm braucht. Gleiches gilt für die von mir geschriebenen "
"Programme ‑ den GNU C-Compiler, GNU Emacs, GDB und GNU Make."
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"Some GNU programs were developed to cope with specific threats to our "
"freedom. Thus, we developed gzip to replace the Compress program, which had "
@@ -1470,7 +1695,7 @@
"ersetzen, weil Benutzer nicht zwischen Privatsphäre und Freiheit sollten "
"wählen müssen."
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"Of course, the people writing these programs became interested in the work, "
"and many features were added to them by various people for the sake of their "
@@ -1481,11 +1706,11 @@
"aufgrund eigener Anforderungen und Interessen hinzugefügt. Doch darum "
"existieren die Programme nicht."
-#. type: Content of: <h3>
+#. type: Content of: <div><h3>
msgid "Unexpected developments"
msgstr "Unerwartete Entwicklungen"
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"At the beginning of the GNU Project, I imagined that we would develop the "
"whole GNU system, then release it as a whole. That is not how it happened."
@@ -1493,7 +1718,7 @@
"Zu Beginn des GNU-Projekts stellte ich mir vor, wir würden das gesamte GNU-"
"System entwickeln und dann als Ganzes freigeben. So ist es nicht gekommen."
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"Since each component of the GNU system was implemented on a Unix system, "
"each component could run on Unix systems long before a complete GNU system "
@@ -1508,7 +1733,7 @@
"die verschiedenen inkompatiblen Versionen von Unix und manchmal auch auf "
"andere Systeme."
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"The process made these programs much more powerful, and attracted both funds "
"and contributors to the GNU Project. But it probably also delayed "
@@ -1524,11 +1749,11 @@
"Schnittstellen und zusätzliche Funktionen zu bestehenden Komponenten "
"aufbrachten, anstatt eine fehlende Komponente nach der anderen zu schreiben."
-#. type: Content of: <h3>
+#. type: Content of: <div><h3>
msgid "The GNU Hurd"
msgstr "GNU Hurd"
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"By 1990, the GNU system was almost complete; the only major missing "
"component was the kernel. We had decided to implement our kernel as a "
@@ -1550,7 +1775,7 @@
"da wir, wie versprochen wurde, auf die Freigabe von Mach als Freie Software "
"warteten."
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"One reason for choosing this design was to avoid what seemed to be the "
"hardest part of the job: debugging a kernel program without a source-level "
@@ -1569,11 +1794,11 @@
"Nachrichten senden, sich als sehr schwierig zu debuggen erwiesen haben. Den "
"HURD zum soliden Arbeiten zu bringen, zog sich über mehrere Jahre hin."
-#. type: Content of: <h3>
+#. type: Content of: <div><h3>
msgid "Alix"
msgstr "Alix"
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"The GNU kernel was not originally supposed to be called the Hurd. Its "
"original name was Alix—named after the woman who was my sweetheart at "
@@ -1590,7 +1815,7 @@
"mir benennen</q></cite> witzelte sie unter Freunden. Ich sagte nichts dazu, "
"aber beschloss sie mit einem Systemkern namens <em>Alix</em> zu überraschen."
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"It did not stay that way. Michael (now Thomas) Bushnell, the main developer "
"of the kernel, preferred the name Hurd, and redefined Alix to refer to a "
@@ -1603,7 +1828,7 @@
"‑ den Teil, der Systemaufrufe abfangen und diese durch Senden von "
"Nachrichten an die Hurd-Server behandeln würde."
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"Later, Alix and I broke up, and she changed her name; independently, the "
"Hurd design was changed so that the C library would send messages directly "
@@ -1614,7 +1839,7 @@
"Nachrichten direkt an die Server senden würde, und das lieà die Alix-"
"Komponente aus dem Design verschwinden."
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"But before these things happened, a friend of hers came across the name Alix "
"in the Hurd source code, and mentioned it to her. So she did have the "
@@ -1624,11 +1849,11 @@
"Alix im HURD-Quellcode und erwähnte es ihr gegenüber. Sie hatte also die "
"Chance, einen nach ihr benannten Systemkern zu finden."
-#. type: Content of: <h3>
+#. type: Content of: <div><h3>
msgid "Linux and GNU/Linux"
msgstr "Linux und GNU/Linux"
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"The GNU Hurd is not suitable for production use, and we don't know if it "
"ever will be. The capability-based design has problems that result directly "
@@ -1640,7 +1865,7 @@
"Probleme, die sich direkt aus der Flexibilität des Konzepts ergeben und es "
"ist nicht klar, ob Lösungen existieren."
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"Fortunately, another kernel is available. In 1991, Linus Torvalds developed "
"a Unix-compatible kernel and called it Linux. It was proprietary at first, "
@@ -1657,12 +1882,26 @@
"war natürlich eine erhebliche Aufgabe an sich). Es ist Linux zu verdanken, "
"dass wir heute tatsächlich eine Version des GNU-Systems verwenden können. "
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
+# | We call this system version <a href=\"/gnu/linux-and-gnu.html\">
+# | GNU/Linux</a>, to express its composition as a combination of the GNU
+# | system with Linux as the kernel. Please don't fall into the practice of
+# | calling the whole system [-“Linux”,-] {+“Linux,”+}
+# | since that means attributing our work to someone else. Please <a
+# | href=\"/gnu/gnu-linux-faq.html\"> give us equal mention</a>.
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "We call this system version <a href=\"/gnu/linux-and-gnu.html\"> GNU/"
+#| "Linux</a>, to express its composition as a combination of the GNU system "
+#| "with Linux as the kernel. Please don't fall into the practice of calling "
+#| "the whole system “Linux”, since that means attributing our "
+#| "work to someone else. Please <a href=\"/gnu/gnu-linux-faq.html\"> give "
+#| "us equal mention</a>."
msgid ""
"We call this system version <a href=\"/gnu/linux-and-gnu.html\"> GNU/Linux</"
"a>, to express its composition as a combination of the GNU system with Linux "
"as the kernel. Please don't fall into the practice of calling the whole "
-"system “Linux”, since that means attributing our work to someone "
+"system “Linux,” since that means attributing our work to someone "
"else. Please <a href=\"/gnu/gnu-linux-faq.html\"> give us equal mention</a>."
msgstr ""
"Wir nennen diese Version des Systems <a href=\"/gnu/linux-and-gnu\">GNU/"
@@ -1672,11 +1911,11 @@
"Arbeit auf jemand anderen zurückführt. Bitte geben Sie uns eine <a href=\"/"
"gnu/gnu-linux-faq\">ebensolche Erwähnung</a>."
-#. type: Content of: <h3>
+#. type: Content of: <div><h3>
msgid "Challenges in our future"
msgstr "Herausforderungen in der Zukunft"
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"We have proved our ability to develop a broad spectrum of free software. "
"This does not mean we are invincible and unstoppable. Several challenges "
@@ -1693,15 +1932,15 @@
"Entschlossenheit erforderlich, die Menschen zeigen, wenn sie ihre Freiheit "
"schätzen und sich von niemanden wegnehmen lassen."
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid "The following four sections discuss these challenges."
msgstr "Die folgenden vier Abschnitte erörtern diese Herausforderungen."
-#. type: Content of: <h3>
+#. type: Content of: <div><h3>
msgid "Secret hardware"
msgstr "Geheime Hardware"
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"Hardware manufacturers increasingly tend to keep hardware specifications "
"secret. This makes it difficult to write free drivers so that Linux and "
@@ -1714,7 +1953,7 @@
"freie Systeme, aber wir werden sie morgen nicht mehr haben, wenn wir die "
"Rechner von morgen nicht unterstützen können."
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"There are two ways to cope with this problem. Programmers can do reverse "
"engineering to figure out how to support the hardware. The rest of us can "
@@ -1728,14 +1967,29 @@
"Software unterstützt wird; bei steigender Nutzerzahl wird das Geheimhalten "
"der Spezifikationen eine selbstzerstörerische Politik."
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
+# | Reverse engineering is a big job; will we have programmers with sufficient
+# | determination to undertake it? Yes—if we have built up a strong
+# | feeling that free software is a matter of principle, and nonfree drivers
+# | are intolerable. And will large numbers of us spend extra money, or even
+# | a little extra time, so we can use free drivers? Yes, if the determination
+# | to have freedom is [-widespread.-] {+widespread. <a
+# | href=\"#ft8\">[8]</a>+}
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "Reverse engineering is a big job; will we have programmers with "
+#| "sufficient determination to undertake it? Yes—if we have built up a "
+#| "strong feeling that free software is a matter of principle, and nonfree "
+#| "drivers are intolerable. And will large numbers of us spend extra money, "
+#| "or even a little extra time, so we can use free drivers? Yes, if the "
+#| "determination to have freedom is widespread."
msgid ""
"Reverse engineering is a big job; will we have programmers with sufficient "
"determination to undertake it? Yes—if we have built up a strong "
"feeling that free software is a matter of principle, and nonfree drivers are "
"intolerable. And will large numbers of us spend extra money, or even a "
"little extra time, so we can use free drivers? Yes, if the determination to "
-"have freedom is widespread."
+"have freedom is widespread. <a href=\"#ft8\">[8]</a>"
msgstr ""
"<span xml:lang=\"en\" lang=\"en\">Reverse Engineering</span> ist eine "
"äuÃerst umfangreiche Aufgabe. Werden wir Programmierer mit ausreichender "
@@ -1746,25 +2000,11 @@
"können? <em>Ja</em>, wenn die Entschlossenheit, Freiheit zu haben, weit "
"verbreitet ist."
-#. type: Content of: <p>
-msgid ""
-"(2008 note: this issue extends to the BIOS as well. There is a free BIOS, "
-"<a href=\"http://www.libreboot.org/\";>LibreBoot</a> (a distribution of "
-"coreboot); the problem is getting specs for machines so that LibreBoot can "
-"support them without nonfree “blobs”.)"
-msgstr ""
-"(Anmerkung: Dieses Problem erstreckt sich auch auf das BIOS. Es gibt ein "
-"freies BIOS namens <cite><a href=\"http://www.libreboot.org/\"; xml:lang=\"en"
-"\" lang=\"en\">LibreBoot</a></cite>. Das Problem ist Spezifikationen für "
-"Rechner zu erhalten, damit <span xml:lang=\"en\" lang=\"en\">LibreBoot</"
-"span> sie ohne unfreie <em><span xml:lang=\"en\" lang=\"en\">Binary Large "
-"Objects</span></em> âBLOBsâ unterstützen kann. Stand: 2008)"
-
-#. type: Content of: <h3>
+#. type: Content of: <div><h3>
msgid "Nonfree libraries"
msgstr "Unfreie Bibliotheken"
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"A nonfree library that runs on free operating systems acts as a trap for "
"free software developers. The library's attractive features are the bait; "
@@ -1784,7 +2024,7 @@
"das die proprietäre Bibliothek nutzt, immer beliebter wird und so andere "
"ahnungslose Programmierer in die Falle lockt."
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"The first instance of this problem was the Motif toolkit, back in the 80s. "
"Although there were as yet no free operating systems, it was clear what "
@@ -1805,7 +2045,7 @@
"Programmierern entwickelt, unterstütze erst ab 1997 die meisten Motif-"
"Anwendungen."
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"Between 1996 and 1998, another nonfree <abbr title=\"Graphical User Interface"
"\">GUI</abbr> toolkit library, called Qt, was used in a substantial "
@@ -1818,7 +2058,7 @@
"Sammlung, der <abbr title=\"K Desktop Environment\">KDE</abbr>-"
"Arbeitsumgebung, genutzt."
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"Free GNU/Linux systems were unable to use KDE, because we could not use the "
"library. However, some commercial distributors of GNU/Linux systems who "
@@ -1837,7 +2077,7 @@
"Millionen von neuen âLinux-Nutzernâ waren nie der Idee ausgesetzt worden,
"
"dass es damit ein Problem gab. Die Situation war makaber."
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"The free software community responded to the problem in two ways: GNOME and "
"Harmony."
@@ -1845,7 +2085,7 @@
"Die Freie-Software-Gemeinschaft reagierte auf das Problem in zweierlei "
"Weise: GNOME und Harmony."
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"GNOME, the GNU Network Object Model Environment, is GNU's desktop project. "
"Started in 1997 by Miguel de Icaza, and developed with the support of Red "
@@ -1864,7 +2104,7 @@
"Vielzahl von Programmiersprachen, nicht nur C++. Aber das wichtigste Ziel "
"war Freiheit: keine unfreie Software erforderlich."
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"Harmony is a compatible replacement library, designed to make it possible to "
"run KDE software without using Qt."
@@ -1872,13 +2112,28 @@
"Harmony ist eine kompatible Ersatzbibliothek, entworfen, um zu ermöglichen, "
"KDE-Software ohne Qt zu nutzen."
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
+# | In November 1998, the developers of Qt announced a change of license
+# | which, when carried out, should make Qt free software. There is no way to
+# | be sure, but I think that this was partly due to the community's firm
+# | response to the problem that Qt posed when it was nonfree. (The new
+# | license is inconvenient and inequitable, so it remains desirable to avoid
+# | using [-Qt.)-] {+Qt. <a href=\"#ft9\">[9]</a>)+}
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "In November 1998, the developers of Qt announced a change of license "
+#| "which, when carried out, should make Qt free software. There is no way "
+#| "to be sure, but I think that this was partly due to the community's firm "
+#| "response to the problem that Qt posed when it was nonfree. (The new "
+#| "license is inconvenient and inequitable, so it remains desirable to avoid "
+#| "using Qt.)"
msgid ""
"In November 1998, the developers of Qt announced a change of license which, "
"when carried out, should make Qt free software. There is no way to be sure, "
"but I think that this was partly due to the community's firm response to the "
"problem that Qt posed when it was nonfree. (The new license is inconvenient "
-"and inequitable, so it remains desirable to avoid using Qt.)"
+"and inequitable, so it remains desirable to avoid using Qt. <a href="
+"\"#ft9\">[9]</a>)"
msgstr ""
"Im November 1998 kündigten die Entwickler von Qt eine Ãnderung der Lizenz "
"an, die, wenn in die Tat umgesetzt, Qt zu freier Software machen sollte. Es "
@@ -1887,15 +2142,7 @@
"darstellte als es unfrei war, verursacht war (die neue Lizenz ist ungeeignet "
"und ungerecht, so bleibt es wünschenswert, die Nutzung von Qt zu vermeiden)."
-#. type: Content of: <p>
-msgid ""
-"[Subsequent note: in September 2000, Qt was rereleased under the GNU GPL, "
-"which essentially solved this problem.]"
-msgstr ""
-"(Nachträgliche Anmerkung: Im September 2000 wurde Qt unter der GNU GPL neu "
-"freigegeben, was dieses Problem im Grunde löste.)"
-
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"How will we respond to the next tempting nonfree library? Will the whole "
"community understand the need to stay out of the trap? Or will many of us "
@@ -1907,34 +2154,53 @@
"Oder geben viele von uns Freiheit zugunsten Bequemlichkeit auf und erzeugen "
"so ein gröÃeres Problem? Unsere Zukunft hängt von unserer Philosophie ab."
-#. type: Content of: <h3>
+#. type: Content of: <div><h3>
msgid "Software patents"
msgstr "Softwarepatente"
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
+# | The worst threat we face comes from software patents, which can put
+# | algorithms and features off limits to free software for up to twenty
+# | years. The LZW compression algorithm patents were applied for in 1983,
+# | and we still cannot release free software to produce proper compressed
+# | [-<acronym-] {+<abbr+} title=\"Graphics Interchange
+# | [-Format\">GIF</acronym>s. [As of 2009 they have expired.]-]
+# | {+Format\">GIF</abbr>s. <a href=\"#ft10\">[10]</a>+} In 1998, a free
+# | program to produce [-<acronym-] {+<abbr+} title=\"MPEG-1 Audio Layer
+# | [-3\">MP3</acronym>-] {+3\">MP3</abbr>+} compressed audio was removed from
+# | distribution under threat of a patent [-suit.-] {+suit. <a
+# | href=\"#ft11\">[11]</a>+}
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "The worst threat we face comes from software patents, which can put "
+#| "algorithms and features off limits to free software for up to twenty "
+#| "years. The LZW compression algorithm patents were applied for in 1983, "
+#| "and we still cannot release free software to produce proper compressed "
+#| "<acronym title=\"Graphics Interchange Format\">GIF</acronym>s. [As of "
+#| "2009 they have expired.] In 1998, a free program to produce <acronym "
+#| "title=\"MPEG-1 Audio Layer 3\">MP3</acronym> compressed audio was removed "
+#| "from distribution under threat of a patent suit."
msgid ""
"The worst threat we face comes from software patents, which can put "
"algorithms and features off limits to free software for up to twenty years. "
"The LZW compression algorithm patents were applied for in 1983, and we still "
"cannot release free software to produce proper compressed <abbr title="
-"\"Graphics Interchange Format\">GIF</abbr>s. [As of 2009 they have "
-"expired.] In 1998, a free program to produce <abbr title=\"MPEG-1 Audio "
-"Layer 3\">MP3</abbr> compressed audio was removed from distribution under "
-"threat of a patent suit. [As of 2017, these patents have expired. Look how "
-"long we had to wait.]"
+"\"Graphics Interchange Format\">GIF</abbr>s. <a href=\"#ft10\">[10]</"
+"a> In 1998, a free program to produce <abbr title=\"MPEG-1 Audio Layer "
+"3\">MP3</abbr> compressed audio was removed from distribution under threat "
+"of a patent suit. <a href=\"#ft11\">[11]</a>"
msgstr ""
-"Die schlimmste Bedrohung mit der wir uns konfrontiert sehen stammt von "
+"Die schlimmste Bedrohung, mit der wir uns konfrontiert sehen, kommt von "
"Softwarepatenten, die für bis zu zwanzig Jahre Algorithmen und Funktionen "
-"für Freie Software tabu setzen können. Die Patente für das LZW-"
-"Komprimierungsverfahren wurden 1983 beantragt, und wir können noch immer "
-"keine Freie Software freigeben, um ordnungsgemäà komprimierte <em>GIF</em>-"
-"Dateien (Graphics Interchange Format) zu erzeugen.<a href=\"#up1\" id=\"up1-"
-"ref\" class=\"fnote\">(*)</a> 1998 wurde ein freies Programm zur Produktion "
-"von komprimiertem <em>MP3</em>-Audio (MPEG-1 Audio Layer 3) unter Androhung "
-"einer Patentklage aus der Distribution herausgenommen.<a href=\"#up2\" id="
-"\"up2-ref\" class=\"fnote\">(**)</a>"
+"für freie Software tabu setzen können. Die Patente für das LZW-"
+"Komprimierungsverfahren wurden 1983 beantragt und wir können noch immer "
+"keine freie Software freigeben, um ordnungsgemäÃe komprimierte <acronym "
+"title=\"Graphics Interchange Format\">GIF</acronym>s zu erzeugen [seit 2009 "
+"erloschen]. Im Jahr 1998 wurde ein freies Programm, um <acronym title="
+"\"MPEG-1 Audio Layer 3\">MP3</acronym> komprimiertes Audio zu erzeugen, aus "
+"der Distribution unter Androhung einer Patentklage entfernt."
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"There are ways to cope with patents: we can search for evidence that a "
"patent is invalid, and we can look for alternative ways to do a job. But "
@@ -1949,7 +2215,7 @@
"dass eine Eigenschaft fehlt, die Benutzer wollen. Nach einer langen "
"Wartezeit erlöschen Patente, aber was machen wir bis dahin?"
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"Those of us who value free software for freedom's sake will stay with free "
"software anyway. We will manage to get work done without the patented "
@@ -1970,11 +2236,11 @@
"dürfen wir dort nicht anhalten. Wir müssen über Freiheit und Prinzipien "
"sprechen."
-#. type: Content of: <h3>
+#. type: Content of: <div><h3>
msgid "Free documentation"
msgstr "Freie Dokumentation"
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"The biggest deficiency in our free operating systems is not in the "
"software—it is the lack of good free manuals that we can include in "
@@ -1989,7 +2255,7 @@
"Softwarepaket nicht mit einem guten freien Handbuch erhältlich ist, ist das "
"eine groÃe Lücke. Wir haben heute viele solcher Lücken."
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"Free documentation, like free software, is a matter of freedom, not price. "
"The criterion for a free manual is pretty much the same as for free "
@@ -2004,7 +2270,7 @@
"und auf Papier erlaubt sein, damit das Handbuch jede Programmkopie begleiten "
"kann."
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"Permission for modification is crucial too. As a general rule, I don't "
"believe that it is essential for people to have permission to modify all "
@@ -2019,7 +2285,7 @@
"Berechtigung zu erteilen, Artikel wie diesen zu modifizieren, der unsere "
"Handlungen und Ansichten beschreibt."
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"But there is a particular reason why the freedom to modify is crucial for "
"documentation for free software. When people exercise their right to modify "
@@ -2038,7 +2304,7 @@
"gewissenhaften Programmierern nicht erlaubt die Aufgabe zu beenden, erfüllt "
"nicht den Bedarf unserer Gemeinschaft."
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"Some kinds of limits on how modifications are done pose no problem. For "
"example, requirements to preserve the original author's copyright notice, "
@@ -2063,7 +2329,7 @@
"Mit anderen Worten halten sie die Freie-Software-Gemeinschaft nicht davon "
"ab, vollen Gebrauch vom Handbuch zu machen."
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"However, it must be possible to modify all the <em>technical</em> content of "
"the manual, and then distribute the result in all the usual media, through "
@@ -2075,7 +2341,7 @@
"üblichen Kanälen zu verbreiten; andernfalls behindern die Beschränkungen
die "
"Gemeinschaft, das Handbuch ist unfrei und wir brauchen ein anderes."
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"Will free software developers have the awareness and determination to "
"produce a full spectrum of free manuals? Once again, our future depends on "
@@ -2085,14 +2351,24 @@
"ein breites Spektrum von freien Handbüchern zu schreiben? Noch einmal hängt
"
"unsere Zukunft von Philosophie ab. "
-#. type: Content of: <h3>
+#. type: Content of: <div><h3>
msgid "We must talk about freedom"
msgstr "Wir müssen über Freiheit sprechen"
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
+# | Estimates today are that there are ten million users of GNU/Linux systems
+# | such as Debian GNU/Linux and Red Hat [-“Linux”.-]
+# | {+“Linux.”+} Free software has developed such practical
+# | advantages that users are flocking to it for purely practical reasons.
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "Estimates today are that there are ten million users of GNU/Linux systems "
+#| "such as Debian GNU/Linux and Red Hat “Linux”. Free software "
+#| "has developed such practical advantages that users are flocking to it for "
+#| "purely practical reasons."
msgid ""
"Estimates today are that there are ten million users of GNU/Linux systems "
-"such as Debian GNU/Linux and Red Hat “Linux”. Free software has "
+"such as Debian GNU/Linux and Red Hat “Linux.” Free software has "
"developed such practical advantages that users are flocking to it for purely "
"practical reasons."
msgstr ""
@@ -2101,7 +2377,7 @@
"praktische Vorteile entwickelt, dass Nutzer aus rein praktischen Erwägungen "
"zuströmen."
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"The good consequences of this are evident: more interest in developing free "
"software, more customers for free software businesses, and more ability to "
@@ -2113,7 +2389,7 @@
"und mehr Möglichkeiten, Unternehmen zu ermutigen, kommerzielle freie "
"Software anstelle proprietärer Softwareprodukte zu entwickeln."
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"But interest in the software is growing faster than awareness of the "
"philosophy it is based on, and this leads to trouble. Our ability to meet "
@@ -2128,7 +2404,7 @@
"sicherzugehen, dass unsere Gemeinschaft diesen Willen hat, müssen wir den "
"Gedanken an neue Nutzer verbreiten, wenn sie in die Gemeinschaft kommen."
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"But we are failing to do so: the efforts to attract new users into our "
"community are far outstripping the efforts to teach them the civics of our "
@@ -2140,11 +2416,11 @@
"Pflichten unserer Gemeinschaft zu lehren. Wir müssen beides machen, und wir "
"müssen beide Bemühungen im Gleichgewicht halten."
-#. type: Content of: <h3>
+#. type: Content of: <div><h3>
msgid "“Open Source”"
msgstr "âOpen Sourceâ"
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"Teaching new users about freedom became more difficult in 1998, when a part "
"of the community decided to stop using the term “free software” "
@@ -2155,7 +2431,7 @@
"Software</em> zu verwenden, sondern stattdessen <em>âOpen-Sourceâ</em>-"
"Software."
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"Some who favored this term aimed to avoid the confusion of “"
"free” with “gratis”—a valid goal. Others, however, "
@@ -2177,7 +2453,7 @@
"hochwertige und leistungsfähige Software herzustellen, aber die Ideen von "
"Freiheit, Gemeinschaft und Prinzip meidet."
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"The “Linux” magazines are a clear example of this—they are "
"filled with advertisements for proprietary software that works with GNU/"
@@ -2193,7 +2469,7 @@
# outreach and civics education
# alt 'Hinausragen und der Aufklärung über gemeinschaftliche Pflichten'
# soz. Engagement und pol. Bildung/Staatsbürgerkunde
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"The support of business can contribute to the community in many ways; all "
"else being equal, it is useful. But winning their support by speaking even "
@@ -2208,12 +2484,24 @@
"Ungleichgewicht zwischen sozialem Engagement und politischer Bildung noch "
"schlimmer."
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
+# | “Free software” and “open source” describe the
+# | same category of software, more or less, but say different things about
+# | the software, and about values. The GNU Project continues to use the term
+# | “free [-software”,-] {+software,”+} to express the idea
+# | that freedom, not just technology, is important.
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "“Free software” and “open source” describe the "
+#| "same category of software, more or less, but say different things about "
+#| "the software, and about values. The GNU Project continues to use the "
+#| "term “free software”, to express the idea that freedom, not "
+#| "just technology, is important."
msgid ""
"“Free software” and “open source” describe the same "
"category of software, more or less, but say different things about the "
"software, and about values. The GNU Project continues to use the term "
-"“free software”, to express the idea that freedom, not just "
+"“free software,” to express the idea that freedom, not just "
"technology, is important."
msgstr ""
"<em>Freie Software</em> und <em>Open Source</em> beschreiben mehr oder "
@@ -2222,11 +2510,11 @@
"<em>Freie Software</em> um die Idee zum Ausdruck zu bringen, dass Freiheit, "
"nicht nur Technik, wichtig ist."
-#. type: Content of: <h3>
+#. type: Content of: <div><h3>
msgid "Try!"
msgstr "Testen Sie!"
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"Yoda's aphorism (“There is no ‘try’”) sounds neat, "
"but it doesn't work for me. I have done most of my work while anxious about "
@@ -2242,7 +2530,7 @@
"trotzdem, denn es gab niemand auÃer mir zwischen dem Feind und meiner Stadt.
"
"Selbst überrascht, ist es manchmal gelungen."
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"Sometimes I failed; some of my cities have fallen. Then I found another "
"threatened city, and got ready for another battle. Over time, I've learned "
@@ -2255,7 +2543,7 @@
"mich selbst zwischen sie und meine Stadt zu stellen, und rief andere Hacker "
"auf, zu kommen und sich mir anzuschlieÃen."
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"Nowadays, often I'm not the only one. It is a relief and a joy when I see a "
"regiment of hackers digging in to hold the line, and I realize, this city "
@@ -2273,6 +2561,218 @@
"nicht für selbstverständlich! Wenn Sie Ihre Freiheit behalten möchten, "
"müssen Sie bereit sein sie zu verteidigen."
+#. type: Content of: <div><h3>
+msgid "Footnotes"
+msgstr "FuÃnoten"
+
+#. type: Content of: <div><ol><li>
+# | [-(1)-]The use of “hacker” to mean “security
+# | breaker” is a confusion on the part of the mass media. We hackers
+# | refuse to recognize that meaning, and continue using the word to mean
+# | someone who loves to program, someone who enjoys playful cleverness, or
+# | the combination of the two. See my article, [-<a
+# | href=\"http://stallman.org/articles/on-hacking.html\";>On Hacking</a>.-]
+# | {+“<a href=\"https://stallman.org/articles/on-hacking.html\";>On
+# | Hacking</a>.”+}
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "(1) The use of “hacker” to mean “security "
+#| "breaker” is a confusion on the part of the mass media. We hackers "
+#| "refuse to recognize that meaning, and continue using the word to mean "
+#| "someone who loves to program, someone who enjoys playful cleverness, or "
+#| "the combination of the two. See my article, <a href=\"http://stallman.";
+#| "org/articles/on-hacking.html\">On Hacking</a>."
+msgid ""
+"The use of “hacker” to mean “security breaker” is a "
+"confusion on the part of the mass media. We hackers refuse to recognize "
+"that meaning, and continue using the word to mean someone who loves to "
+"program, someone who enjoys playful cleverness, or the combination of the "
+"two. See my article, “<a href=\"https://stallman.org/articles/on-";
+"hacking.html\">On Hacking</a>.”"
+msgstr "<!-- see footer -->"
+
+#. type: Content of: <div><ol><li>
+# | [-(1)-]As an Atheist, I don't follow any religious leaders, but I
+# | sometimes find I admire something one of them has said.
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "(1) As an Atheist, I don't follow any religious leaders, but I sometimes "
+#| "find I admire something one of them has said."
+msgid ""
+"As an Atheist, I don't follow any religious leaders, but I sometimes find I "
+"admire something one of them has said."
+msgstr "<!--see footer-->"
+
+# #3
+#. type: Content of: <div><ol><li>
+# | [-(1)-]In 1984 or 1985, Don Hopkins (a very imaginative fellow) mailed me
+# | a letter. [-On-] {+<a href=\"/graphics/copyleft-sticker.html\">On+} the
+# | [-envelope-] {+envelope</a>+} he had written several amusing sayings,
+# | including this one: “Copyleft—all rights reversed.” I
+# | used the word “copyleft” to name the distribution concept I
+# | was developing at the time.
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "(1) In 1984 or 1985, Don Hopkins (a very imaginative fellow) mailed me a "
+#| "letter. On the envelope he had written several amusing sayings, "
+#| "including this one: “Copyleft—all rights reversed.” I "
+#| "used the word “copyleft” to name the distribution concept I "
+#| "was developing at the time."
+msgid ""
+"In 1984 or 1985, Don Hopkins (a very imaginative fellow) mailed me a "
+"letter. <a href=\"/graphics/copyleft-sticker.html\">On the envelope</a> he "
+"had written several amusing sayings, including this one: “"
+"Copyleft—all rights reversed.” I used the word “"
+"copyleft” to name the distribution concept I was developing at the "
+"time."
+msgstr "<!--see footer-->"
+
+# #4
+#. type: Content of: <div><ol><li>
+# | [-(2)-]We now use the <a href=\"/licenses/fdl.html\">GNU Free
+# | Documentation License</a> for documentation.
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "(2) We now use the <a href=\"/licenses/fdl.html\">GNU Free Documentation "
+#| "License</a> for documentation."
+msgid ""
+"We now use the <a href=\"/licenses/fdl.html\">GNU Free Documentation "
+"License</a> for documentation."
+msgstr "<!--see footer-->"
+
+# #5
+#. type: Content of: <div><ol><li>
+# | [-(1)-]“Bourne Again Shell” is a play on the name
+# | “Bourne [-Shell”,-] {+Shell,”+} which was the usual
+# | shell on Unix.
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "(1) “Bourne Again Shell” is a play on the name “Bourne "
+#| "Shell”, which was the usual shell on Unix."
+msgid ""
+"“Bourne Again Shell” is a play on the name “Bourne Shell,"
+"” which was the usual shell on Unix."
+msgstr "<!--see footer-->"
+
+# #6
+#. type: Content of: <div><ol><li>
+# | [-(1)-]That was written in 1998. In 2009 we no longer maintain a long
+# | task list. The community develops free software so fast that we can't
+# | even keep track of it all. Instead, we have a list of High Priority
+# | Projects, a much shorter list of projects we really want to encourage
+# | people to write.
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "(1) That was written in 1998. In 2009 we no longer maintain a long task "
+#| "list. The community develops free software so fast that we can't even "
+#| "keep track of it all. Instead, we have a list of High Priority Projects, "
+#| "a much shorter list of projects we really want to encourage people to "
+#| "write."
+msgid ""
+"That was written in 1998. In 2009 we no longer maintain a long task list. "
+"The community develops free software so fast that we can't even keep track "
+"of it all. Instead, we have a list of High Priority Projects, a much "
+"shorter list of projects we really want to encourage people to write."
+msgstr "<!--see footer-->"
+
+# #7
+#. type: Content of: <div><ol><li>
+# | [-(1)-]This license is now called the GNU Lesser General Public License,
+# | to avoid giving the idea that all libraries ought to use it. See <a
+# | href=\"/philosophy/why-not-lgpl.html\">Why you shouldn't use the Lesser
+# | GPL for your next library</a> for more information.
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "(1) This license is now called the GNU Lesser General Public License, to "
+#| "avoid giving the idea that all libraries ought to use it. See <a href=\"/"
+#| "philosophy/why-not-lgpl.html\">Why you shouldn't use the Lesser GPL for "
+#| "your next library</a> for more information."
+msgid ""
+"This license is now called the GNU Lesser General Public License, to avoid "
+"giving the idea that all libraries ought to use it. See <a href=\"/"
+"philosophy/why-not-lgpl.html\">Why you shouldn't use the Lesser GPL for your "
+"next library</a> for more information."
+msgstr "<!--see footer-->"
+
+#. type: Content of: <div><ol><li>
+# | [-(-]2008 note: this issue extends to the BIOS as well. There is a free
+# | BIOS, <a [-href=\"http://www.libreboot.org/\";>LibreBoot</a>-]
+# | {+href=\"https://libreboot.org/\";>LibreBoot</a>+} (a distribution of
+# | coreboot); the problem is getting specs for machines so that LibreBoot can
+# | support them without nonfree [-“blobs”.)-]
+# | {+“blobs.”+}
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "(2008 note: this issue extends to the BIOS as well. There is a free "
+#| "BIOS, <a href=\"http://www.libreboot.org/\";>LibreBoot</a> (a distribution "
+#| "of coreboot); the problem is getting specs for machines so that LibreBoot "
+#| "can support them without nonfree “blobs”.)"
+msgid ""
+"2008 note: this issue extends to the BIOS as well. There is a free BIOS, <a "
+"href=\"https://libreboot.org/\";>LibreBoot</a> (a distribution of coreboot); "
+"the problem is getting specs for machines so that LibreBoot can support them "
+"without nonfree “blobs.”"
+msgstr ""
+"(Anmerkung: Dieses Problem erstreckt sich auch auf das BIOS. Es gibt ein "
+"freies BIOS namens <cite><a href=\"http://www.libreboot.org/\"; xml:lang=\"en"
+"\" lang=\"en\">LibreBoot</a></cite>. Das Problem ist Spezifikationen für "
+"Rechner zu erhalten, damit <span xml:lang=\"en\" lang=\"en\">LibreBoot</"
+"span> sie ohne unfreie <em><span xml:lang=\"en\" lang=\"en\">Binary Large "
+"Objects</span></em> âBLOBsâ unterstützen kann. Stand: 2008)"
+
+#. type: Content of: <div><ol><li>
+# | [-[Subsequent note: in-]{+In+} September 2000, Qt was rereleased under the
+# | GNU GPL, which essentially solved this problem.[-]-]
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "[Subsequent note: in September 2000, Qt was rereleased under the GNU GPL, "
+#| "which essentially solved this problem.]"
+msgid ""
+"In September 2000, Qt was rereleased under the GNU GPL, which essentially "
+"solved this problem."
+msgstr ""
+"(Nachträgliche Anmerkung: Im September 2000 wurde Qt unter der GNU GPL neu "
+"freigegeben, was dieses Problem im Grunde löste.)"
+
+#. type: Content of: <div><ol><li>
+msgid "As of 2009, the GIF patents have expired."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <div><ol><li>
+msgid ""
+"As of 2017, the MP3 patents have expired. Look how long we had to wait."
+msgstr ""
+
+# DiBona, Chris, Ockman, Sam: Open Sources. Voices from the Open Source
Revolution, O'Reilly Media, January 1999.
+#. type: Content of: <div><div><p>
+# | Originally published in the book [-<em>Open Sources</em>.-] {+<cite>Open
+# | Sources</cite>.+} Richard Stallman was <a
+# | href=\"/philosophy/open-source-misses-the-point.html\"> never a supporter
+# | of “open source”</a>, but contributed this article so that the
+# | ideas of the free software movement would not be entirely absent from that
+# | book.
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "Originally published in the book <em>Open Sources</em>. Richard Stallman "
+#| "was <a href=\"/philosophy/open-source-misses-the-point.html\"> never a "
+#| "supporter of “open source”</a>, but contributed this article "
+#| "so that the ideas of the free software movement would not be entirely "
+#| "absent from that book."
+msgid ""
+"Originally published in the book <cite>Open Sources</cite>. Richard "
+"Stallman was <a href=\"/philosophy/open-source-misses-the-point.html\"> "
+"never a supporter of “open source”</a>, but contributed this "
+"article so that the ideas of the free software movement would not be "
+"entirely absent from that book."
+msgstr ""
+"<span class=\"intro\">Die englische Originalausgabe wurde in dem Buch "
+"<cite><span xml:lang=\"en\" lang=\"en\">Open Sources</span></cite> "
+"veröffentlicht. Richard Stallman war <a href=\"/philosophy/open-source-"
+"misses-the-point\">nie ein Anhänger von <span xml:lang=\"en\" lang=\"en"
+"\"><em>âOpen Sourceâ;</em></span></a>, trug aber diesen Artikel bei,
damit "
+"die Anschauungen der Freie-Software-Bewegung nicht völlig fehlen würden.</"
+"span>"
+
# (???) The US LZW patent expired on 20 June 2003.[41] The counterpart patents
in the United Kingdom, France, Germany and Italy expired on 18 June 2004, the
Japanese patents expired on 20 June 2004, and the Canadian patent expired on 7
July 2004.
# Source. wikipedia.org/wiki/gif
#. TRANSLATORS: Use space (SPC) as msgstr if you don't have notes.
@@ -2363,14 +2863,20 @@
#. Please send your comments and general suggestions in this regard
#. to <a href="mailto:web-translators@gnu.org";>
#. <web-translators@gnu.org></a>.</p>
-#. <p>For information on coordinating and submitting translations of
+#. <p>For information on coordinating and contributing translations of
#. our web pages, see <a
#. href="/server/standards/README.translations.html">Translations
#. README</a>.
#. type: Content of: <div><div><p>
+# || No change detected. The change might only be in amounts of spaces.
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "Please see the <a href=\"/server/standards/README.translations.html"
+#| "\">Translations README</a> for information on coordinating and "
+#| "contributing translations of this article."
msgid ""
"Please see the <a href=\"/server/standards/README.translations.html"
-"\">Translations README</a> for information on coordinating and submitting "
+"\">Translations README</a> for information on coordinating and contributing "
"translations of this article."
msgstr ""
"Bei der Ãbersetzung dieses Werkes wurde mit gröÃter Sorgfalt vorgegangen. "
@@ -2384,12 +2890,18 @@
"standards/README.translations\">LIESMICH für Ãbersetzungen</a>."
#. type: Content of: <div><p>
+# | Copyright © 1998, [-2001, 2002,-] 2005, [-2006, 2007,-] 2008,
+# | [-2010-] {+2010, 2012, 2015, 2017, 2018, 2021+} Richard Stallman
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "Copyright © 1998, 2001, 2002, 2005, 2006, 2007, 2008, 2010 Richard "
+#| "Stallman"
msgid ""
-"Copyright © 1998, 2001, 2002, 2005, 2006, 2007, 2008, 2010, 2014, 2015, "
-"2017, 2018, 2020 Richard Stallman"
+"Copyright © 1998, 2005, 2008, 2010, 2012, 2015, 2017, 2018, 2021 "
+"Richard Stallman"
msgstr ""
-"Copyright © 1998, 2001, 2002, 2005, 2006, 2007, 2008, 2010, 2014, 2015, "
-"2017, 2018, 2020 Richard Stallman."
+"Copyright © 1998, 2001, 2002, 2005, 2006, 2007, 2008, 2010 Richard "
+"Stallman."
#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
@@ -2413,33 +2925,47 @@
msgid "Updated:"
msgstr "Letzte Ãnderung:"
-#. type: Content of: <div><p>
-msgid ""
-"Copyright © 1998, 2001, 2002, 2005, 2006, 2007, 2008, 2010, 2014, 2015, "
-"2017, 2018, 2020, 2021 Richard Stallman"
-msgstr ""
-"Copyright © 1998, 2001, 2002, 2005, 2006, 2007, 2008, 2010, 2014, 2015, "
-"2017, 2018, 2020, 2021 Richard Stallman."
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "by <a href=\"http://www.stallman.org/\";><strong>Richard Stallman</"
+#~ "strong></a>"
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "von <strong><a href=\"//www.stallman.org/\">Richard Stallman</a></strong>"
#~ msgid ""
#~ "The worst threat we face comes from software patents, which can put "
#~ "algorithms and features off limits to free software for up to twenty "
#~ "years. The LZW compression algorithm patents were applied for in 1983, "
#~ "and we still cannot release free software to produce proper compressed "
-#~ "<acronym title=\"Graphics Interchange Format\">GIF</acronym>s. [As of "
-#~ "2009 they have expired.] In 1998, a free program to produce <acronym "
-#~ "title=\"MPEG-1 Audio Layer 3\">MP3</acronym> compressed audio was removed "
-#~ "from distribution under threat of a patent suit."
+#~ "<abbr title=\"Graphics Interchange Format\">GIF</abbr>s. [As of 2009 "
+#~ "they have expired.] In 1998, a free program to produce <abbr title="
+#~ "\"MPEG-1 Audio Layer 3\">MP3</abbr> compressed audio was removed from "
+#~ "distribution under threat of a patent suit. [As of 2017, these patents "
+#~ "have expired. Look how long we had to wait.]"
#~ msgstr ""
-#~ "Die schlimmste Bedrohung, mit der wir uns konfrontiert sehen, kommt von "
+#~ "Die schlimmste Bedrohung mit der wir uns konfrontiert sehen stammt von "
#~ "Softwarepatenten, die für bis zu zwanzig Jahre Algorithmen und Funktionen
"
-#~ "für freie Software tabu setzen können. Die Patente für das LZW-"
-#~ "Komprimierungsverfahren wurden 1983 beantragt und wir können noch immer "
-#~ "keine freie Software freigeben, um ordnungsgemäÃe komprimierte <acronym "
-#~ "title=\"Graphics Interchange Format\">GIF</acronym>s zu erzeugen [seit "
-#~ "2009 erloschen]. Im Jahr 1998 wurde ein freies Programm, um <acronym "
-#~ "title=\"MPEG-1 Audio Layer 3\">MP3</acronym> komprimiertes Audio zu "
-#~ "erzeugen, aus der Distribution unter Androhung einer Patentklage entfernt."
+#~ "für Freie Software tabu setzen können. Die Patente für das LZW-"
+#~ "Komprimierungsverfahren wurden 1983 beantragt, und wir können noch immer "
+#~ "keine Freie Software freigeben, um ordnungsgemäà komprimierte <em>GIF</"
+#~ "em>-Dateien (Graphics Interchange Format) zu erzeugen.<a href=\"#up1\" id="
+#~ "\"up1-ref\" class=\"fnote\">(*)</a> 1998 wurde ein freies Programm zur "
+#~ "Produktion von komprimiertem <em>MP3</em>-Audio (MPEG-1 Audio Layer 3) "
+#~ "unter Androhung einer Patentklage aus der Distribution herausgenommen.<a "
+#~ "href=\"#up2\" id=\"up2-ref\" class=\"fnote\">(**)</a>"
+
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "Copyright © 1998, 2001, 2002, 2005, 2006, 2007, 2008, 2010, 2014, "
+#~ "2015, 2017, 2018, 2020 Richard Stallman"
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "Copyright © 1998, 2001, 2002, 2005, 2006, 2007, 2008, 2010, 2014, "
+#~ "2015, 2017, 2018, 2020 Richard Stallman."
+
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "Copyright © 1998, 2001, 2002, 2005, 2006, 2007, 2008, 2010, 2014, "
+#~ "2015, 2017, 2018, 2020, 2021 Richard Stallman"
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "Copyright © 1998, 2001, 2002, 2005, 2006, 2007, 2008, 2010, 2014, "
+#~ "2015, 2017, 2018, 2020, 2021 Richard Stallman."
#~ msgid ""
#~ "Copyright © 1998, 2001, 2002, 2005, 2006, 2007, 2008, 2010, 2014, "
@@ -2526,13 +3052,6 @@
#~ "Stand: 2008)"
#~ msgid ""
-#~ "Copyright © 1998, 2001, 2002, 2005, 2006, 2007, 2008, 2010 Richard "
-#~ "Stallman"
-#~ msgstr ""
-#~ "Copyright © 1998, 2001, 2002, 2005, 2006, 2007, 2008, 2010 Richard "
-#~ "Stallman."
-
-#~ msgid ""
#~ "There is no room here for an extensive statement of the reasoning behind "
#~ "this conclusion, so I refer the reader to the web page, <a href=\"/"
#~ "philosophy/why-free.html\"> http://www.gnu.org/philosophy/why-free.html</"
Index: thegnuproject.el-diff.html
===================================================================
RCS file: /web/www/www/gnu/po/thegnuproject.el-diff.html,v
retrieving revision 1.45
retrieving revision 1.46
diff -u -b -r1.45 -r1.46
--- thegnuproject.el-diff.html 8 Jun 2021 08:44:38 -0000 1.45
+++ thegnuproject.el-diff.html 24 Oct 2021 07:31:37 -0000 1.46
@@ -11,16 +11,25 @@
</style></head>
<body><pre>
<!--#include virtual="/server/header.html" -->
-<!-- Parent-Version: <span
class="removed"><del><strong>1.77</strong></del></span> <span
class="inserted"><ins><em>1.86</em></ins></span> -->
+<!-- Parent-Version: <span
class="removed"><del><strong>1.77</strong></del></span> <span
class="inserted"><ins><em>1.96 -->
+<!-- This page is derived from /server/standards/boilerplate.html -->
+<!--#set var="TAGS" value="gnu-history" -->
+<!--#set var="DISABLE_TOP_ADDENDUM" value="yes"</em></ins></span> -->
<title>About the GNU Project
- GNU Project - Free Software Foundation</title>
<meta http-equiv="Keywords" content="GNU, GNU Project, FSF, Free Software,
Free Software Foundation, History" />
<!--#include virtual="/gnu/po/thegnuproject.translist" -->
<!--#include virtual="/server/banner.html" -->
+<span class="inserted"><ins><em><!--#include
virtual="/gnu/gnu-breadcrumb.html" -->
+<!--GNUN: OUT-OF-DATE NOTICE-->
+<!--#include virtual="/server/top-addendum.html" -->
+<div class="article reduced-width"></em></ins></span>
<h2>The GNU Project</h2>
-<p>
-by <a href="http://www.stallman.org/"><strong>Richard
Stallman</strong></a></p>
+<span class="removed"><del><strong><p>
+by</strong></del></span>
+
+<span class="inserted"><ins><em><address
class="byline">by</em></ins></span> <a <span
class="removed"><del><strong>href="http://www.stallman.org/"><strong>Richard
Stallman</strong></a></p>
<blockquote>
<p>
@@ -35,7 +44,8 @@
<a href="/philosophy/free-software-even-more-important.html">to insist
that the software we use be free</a>.
</p>
-</blockquote>
+</blockquote></strong></del></span> <span
class="inserted"><ins><em>href="https://www.stallman.org/">Richard
+Stallman</a></address></em></ins></span>
<h3>The first software-sharing community</h3>
<p>
@@ -51,28 +61,37 @@
The AI Lab used a timesharing operating system called
<span class="removed"><del><strong><acronym</strong></del></span>
<span class="inserted"><ins><em><abbr</em></ins></span> title="Incompatible
Timesharing <span
class="removed"><del><strong>System">ITS</acronym></strong></del></span>
<span class="inserted"><ins><em>System">ITS</abbr></em></ins></span>
(the
-Incompatible Timesharing System) that the lab's staff hackers (1) had
+Incompatible Timesharing System) that the lab's staff <span
class="removed"><del><strong>hackers (1)</strong></del></span> <span
class="inserted"><ins><em>hackers <a
href="#ft1">[1]</a></em></ins></span> had
designed and written in assembler language for the Digital
<span class="removed"><del><strong><acronym</strong></del></span>
<span class="inserted"><ins><em><abbr</em></ins></span> title="Programmed
Data <span
class="removed"><del><strong>Processor">PDP</acronym>-10,</strong></del></span>
<span
class="inserted"><ins><em>Processor">PDP</abbr>-10,</em></ins></span>
one of
the large computers of the era. As a member of this community, an AI
Lab staff system hacker, my job was to improve this system.</p>
<p>
-We did not call our software “free software”, because that
+We did not call our software “free <span
class="removed"><del><strong>software”,</strong></del></span> <span
class="inserted"><ins><em>software,”</em></ins></span> because that
term did not yet exist; but that is what it was. Whenever people from
another university or a company wanted to port and use a program, we
gladly let them. If you saw someone using an unfamiliar and
interesting program, you could always ask to see the source code, so
that you could read it, change it, or cannibalize parts of it to make
a new program.</p>
+
+<span class="inserted"><ins><em><div class="announcement comment"
role="complementary">
+<hr class="no-display" /></em></ins></span>
<p>
-(1) The use of “hacker” to mean “security
-breaker” is a confusion on the part of the mass media. We
-hackers refuse to recognize that meaning, and continue using the word
+<span class="removed"><del><strong>(1) The use of “hacker” to mean
“security
+breaker”</strong></del></span>
+<span class="inserted"><ins><em>Why it</em></ins></span> is <span
class="removed"><del><strong>a confusion on the part of the mass media. We
+hackers refuse to recognize</strong></del></span> <span
class="inserted"><ins><em>even more important than ever
+<a href="/philosophy/free-software-even-more-important.html">to
insist</em></ins></span>
+that <span class="removed"><del><strong>meaning, and continue
using</strong></del></span> the <span class="removed"><del><strong>word
to mean someone who loves to program, someone who enjoys playful
cleverness, or the combination of the two. See my
article, <a href="http://stallman.org/articles/on-hacking.html">On
-Hacking</a>.</p>
+Hacking</a>.</p></strong></del></span> <span
class="inserted"><ins><em>software we use be free</a>.
+</p>
+<hr class="no-display" />
+</div></em></ins></span>
<h3>The collapse of the community</h3>
<p>
@@ -85,7 +104,7 @@
The AI Lab hacker community had already collapsed, not long before.
In 1981, the spin-off company Symbolics had hired away nearly all of
the hackers from the AI Lab, and the depopulated community was unable
-to maintain itself. (The book Hackers, by Steve Levy, describes these
+to maintain itself. (The book <span
class="removed"><del><strong>Hackers,</strong></del></span> <span
class="inserted"><ins><em><cite>Hackers</cite>,</em></ins></span>
by Steve Levy, describes these
events, as well as giving a clear picture of this community in its
prime.) When the AI Lab bought a new PDP-10 in 1982, its
administrators decided to use Digital's nonfree timesharing system
@@ -113,7 +132,8 @@
issue.</p>
<p>
When software publishers talk about “enforcing” their
-“rights” or “stopping <a
href="/philosophy/words-to-avoid.html#Piracy">piracy</a>”, what
they
+“rights” or “stopping <a <span
class="removed"><del><strong>href="/philosophy/words-to-avoid.html#Piracy">piracy</a>”,</strong></del></span>
+<span
class="inserted"><ins><em>href="/philosophy/words-to-avoid.html#Piracy">piracy</a>,”</em></ins></span>
what they
actually <em>say</em> is secondary. The real message of these
statements is
in the unstated assumptions they take for granted, which the public is
asked to accept without examination. Let's therefore examine them.</p>
@@ -144,11 +164,15 @@
software, because helping other people is the basis of society.</p>
<p>
There is no room here for an extensive statement of the reasoning
-behind this conclusion, so I refer the reader to the web pages
+behind this conclusion, so I refer the reader to <span
class="removed"><del><strong>the web pages
<a href="/philosophy/why-free.html">
-http://www.gnu.org/philosophy/why-free.html</a> and
-<a href="/philosophy/free-software-even-more-important.html">
-http://www.gnu.org/philosophy/free-software-even-more-important.html</a>.
+http://www.gnu.org/philosophy/why-free.html</a></strong></del></span>
<span class="inserted"><ins><em>“<a
+href="/philosophy/why-free.html">Why Software Should Not Have
+Owners</a>,”</em></ins></span> and
+<span class="removed"><del><strong><a
href="/philosophy/free-software-even-more-important.html">
+http://www.gnu.org/philosophy/free-software-even-more-important.html</a>.</strong></del></span>
<span class="inserted"><ins><em>“<a
+href="/philosophy/free-software-even-more-important.html">Free
+Software Is Even More Important Now</a>.”</em></ins></span>
</p>
<h3>A stark moral choice</h3>
@@ -199,7 +223,7 @@
Unix so that it would be portable, and so that Unix users could easily
switch to it. The name GNU was chosen, following a hacker tradition, as
a recursive acronym for “GNU's Not <span
class="removed"><del><strong>Unix.”</p></strong></del></span> <span
class="inserted"><ins><em>Unix.” It is pronounced
-as <a href="/gnu/pronunciation.html">one syllable with a hard
g</a>.</p></em></ins></span>
+as <a href="/gnu/pronunciation.html">one syllable with a
hard <i>g</i></a>.</p></em></ins></span>
<p>
An operating system does not mean just a kernel, barely enough to run
other programs. In the 1970s, every operating system worthy of the
@@ -208,7 +232,7 @@
Multics had them, VMS had them, and Unix had them. The GNU operating
system would include them too.</p>
<p>
-Later I heard these words, attributed to Hillel (1):</p>
+Later I heard these words, attributed to <span
class="removed"><del><strong>Hillel (1):</p></strong></del></span> <span
class="inserted"><ins><em>Hillel <a
href="#ft2">[2]</a>:</p></em></ins></span>
<blockquote><p>
If I am not for myself, who will be for me?<br />
@@ -217,9 +241,9 @@
</p></blockquote>
<p>
The decision to start the GNU Project was based on a similar spirit.</p>
-<p>
+<span class="removed"><del><strong><p>
(1) As an Atheist, I don't follow any religious leaders, but I
-sometimes find I admire something one of them has said.</p>
+sometimes find I admire something one of them has
said.</p></strong></del></span>
<h3>Free as in freedom</h3>
<p>
@@ -252,13 +276,14 @@
Therefore, a program which people are not free to include on these
collections is not free software.</p>
<p>
-Because of the ambiguity of “free”, people have long
+Because of the ambiguity of <span
class="removed"><del><strong>“free”,</strong></del></span> <span
class="inserted"><ins><em>“free,”</em></ins></span> people have long
looked for alternatives, but no one has found a better term.
The English language has more words and nuances than any other, but it
-lacks a simple, unambiguous, word that means “free”, as in
+lacks a simple, unambiguous, word that means <span
class="removed"><del><strong>“free”,</strong></del></span> <span
class="inserted"><ins><em>“free,”</em></ins></span> as in
freedom—“unfettered” being the word that comes closest in
-meaning. Such alternatives as “liberated”,
-“freedom”, and “open” have either the wrong
+meaning. Such alternatives as <span
class="removed"><del><strong>“liberated”,
+“freedom”,</strong></del></span> <span
class="inserted"><ins><em>“liberated,”
+“freedom,”</em></ins></span> and “open” have either
the wrong
meaning or some other disadvantage.</p>
<h3>GNU software and the GNU system</h3>
@@ -295,7 +320,7 @@
<p>
Shortly before beginning the GNU Project, I heard about the Free
University Compiler Kit, also known as VUCK. (The Dutch word for
-“free” is written with a <em>v</em>.) This was a
compiler
+“free” is written with a <span
class="removed"><del><strong><em>v</em>.)</strong></del></span>
<span class="inserted"><ins><em><i>v</i>.)</em></ins></span> This
was a compiler
designed to handle multiple languages, including C and Pascal, and to
support multiple target machines. I wrote to its author asking if GNU
could use it.</p>
@@ -315,7 +340,7 @@
<p>
I then realized that the Pastel compiler functioned by parsing the
entire input file into a syntax tree, converting the whole syntax tree
-into a chain of “instructions”, and then generating the
+into a chain of <span
class="removed"><del><strong>“instructions”,</strong></del></span>
<span class="inserted"><ins><em>“instructions,”</em></ins></span>
and then generating the
whole output file, without ever freeing any storage. At this point, I
concluded I would have to write a new compiler from scratch. That new
compiler is now known as <span
class="removed"><del><strong><acronym</strong></del></span> <span
class="inserted"><ins><em><abbr</em></ins></span> title="GNU Compiler <span
class="removed"><del><strong>Collection">GCC</acronym>;</strong></del></span>
<span
class="inserted"><ins><em>Collection">GCC</abbr>;</em></ins></span>
@@ -371,7 +396,7 @@
<p>
The developers of the X Window System did not consider this a
problem—they expected and intended this to happen. Their goal was
-not freedom, just “success”, defined as “having many
+not freedom, just <span
class="removed"><del><strong>“success”,</strong></del></span> <span
class="inserted"><ins><em>“success,”</em></ins></span> defined as
“having many
users.” They did not care whether these users had freedom, only
that they should be numerous.</p>
<p>
@@ -389,7 +414,7 @@
The goal of GNU was to give users freedom, not just to be popular. So
we needed to use distribution terms that would prevent GNU software
from being turned into proprietary software. The method we use is
-called “copyleft”.(1)</p>
+called <span
class="removed"><del><strong>“copyleft”.(1)</p></strong></del></span>
<span class="inserted"><ins><em>“copyleft” <a
href="#ft3">[3]</a>.</p></em></ins></span>
<p>
Copyleft uses copyright law, but flips it over to serve the opposite
of its usual purpose: instead of a means for restricting a program, it
@@ -432,7 +457,7 @@
have other kinds of copyleft that are used in specific circumstances.
GNU manuals are copylefted also, but use a much simpler kind of
copyleft, because the complexity of the GNU GPL is not necessary
-for manuals.(2)</p>
+for <span class="removed"><del><strong>manuals.(2)</p>
<p>
(1) In 1984 or 1985, Don Hopkins (a very imaginative fellow) mailed me
a letter. On the envelope he had written several amusing sayings,
@@ -442,14 +467,14 @@
<p>
(2) We now use the <a href="/licenses/fdl.html">GNU Free
-Documentation License</a> for documentation.</p>
+Documentation License</a> for
documentation.</p></strong></del></span> <span
class="inserted"><ins><em>manuals. <a
href="#ft4">[4]</a></p></em></ins></span>
<h3>The Free Software Foundation</h3>
<p>As interest in using Emacs was growing, other people became
involved in the GNU project, and we decided that it was time to seek
funding once again. So in 1985 we created
-the <a href="http://www.fsf.org/">Free Software Foundation</a>
(FSF),
+the <a <span
class="removed"><del><strong>href="http://www.fsf.org/">Free</strong></del></span>
<span
class="inserted"><ins><em>href="https://www.fsf.org/">Free</em></ins></span>
Software Foundation</a> (FSF),
a tax-exempt charity for free software development. The
<span class="removed"><del><strong><acronym</strong></del></span>
<span class="inserted"><ins><em><abbr</em></ins></span> title="Free
Software <span
class="removed"><del><strong>Foundation">FSF</acronym></strong></del></span>
<span
class="inserted"><ins><em>Foundation">FSF</abbr></em></ins></span>
also took over
@@ -463,9 +488,9 @@
redistribute and modify), and Deluxe Distributions (distributions for
which we built the whole collection of software for the customer's
choice of platform). Today the FSF
-still <a href="http://shop.fsf.org/"> sells manuals and other
+still <a <span
class="removed"><del><strong>href="http://shop.fsf.org/"></strong></del></span>
<span
class="inserted"><ins><em>href="https://shop.fsf.org/"></em></ins></span>
sells manuals and other
gear</a>, but it gets the bulk of its funding from members' dues. You
-can join the FSF at <a
href="http://fsf.org/join">fsf.org</a>.</p>
+can join the FSF at <a <span
class="removed"><del><strong>href="http://fsf.org/join">fsf.org</a>.</p></strong></del></span>
<span
class="inserted"><ins><em>href="https://my.fsf.org/join">fsf.org</a>.</p></em></ins></span>
<p>Free Software Foundation employees have written and maintained a
number of GNU software packages. Two notable ones are the C library
@@ -475,15 +500,16 @@
shell used on most GNU/Linux systems is
<span class="removed"><del><strong><acronym</strong></del></span>
<span class="inserted"><ins><em><abbr</em></ins></span> title="Bourne Again
<span
class="removed"><del><strong>Shell">BASH</acronym>,</strong></del></span>
<span class="inserted"><ins><em>Shell">BASH</abbr>,</em></ins></span>
the Bourne Again
-Shell(1), which was developed by FSF employee Brian Fox.</p>
+<span class="removed"><del><strong>Shell(1),</strong></del></span>
+<span class="inserted"><ins><em>SHell <a
href="#ft5">[5]</a>,</em></ins></span> which was developed by FSF
employee Brian Fox.</p>
<p>We funded development of these programs because the GNU Project was
not just about tools or a development environment. Our goal was a
complete operating system, and these programs were needed for that
goal.</p>
-<p>(1) “Bourne Again Shell” is a play on the name
-“Bourne Shell”, which was the usual shell on Unix.</p>
+<span class="removed"><del><strong><p>(1) “Bourne Again
Shell” is a play on the name
+“Bourne Shell”, which was the usual shell on
Unix.</p></strong></del></span>
<h3>Free software support</h3>
@@ -510,7 +536,7 @@
on nonfree software that works with free software. These are not
free software companies, they are proprietary software companies whose
products tempt users away from freedom. They call these programs
-“value-added packages”, which shows the values they
+“value-added <span
class="removed"><del><strong>packages”,</strong></del></span> <span
class="inserted"><ins><em>packages,”</em></ins></span> which shows the
values they
would like us to adopt: convenience above freedom. If we value freedom
more, we should call them “freedom-subtracted” packages.</p>
@@ -568,10 +594,13 @@
other useful software and documentation projects that, we thought, a
truly complete system ought to have.</p>
-<p>Today (1), hardly any Unix components are left in the GNU Task
+<span class="removed"><del><strong><p>Today (1),</strong></del></span>
+
+<span class="inserted"><ins><em><p>Today <a
href="#ft6">[6]</a>,</em></ins></span> hardly any Unix components are
left in the GNU Task
List—those jobs had been done, aside from a few inessential
ones. But the list is full of projects that some might call
-“applications”. Any program that appeals to more than a
+<span
class="removed"><del><strong>“applications”.</strong></del></span>
+<span class="inserted"><ins><em>“applications.”</em></ins></span>
Any program that appeals to more than a
narrow class of users would be a useful thing to add to an operating
system.</p>
@@ -581,16 +610,16 @@
list of games that Unix had. Instead, we listed a spectrum of
different kinds of games that users might like.</p>
-<p>(1) That was written in 1998. In 2009 we no longer maintain a long
+<span class="removed"><del><strong><p>(1) That was written in 1998. In
2009 we no longer maintain a long
task list. The community develops free software so fast that we can't
even keep track of it all. Instead, we have a list of High Priority
Projects, a much shorter list of projects we really want to encourage
-people to write.</p>
+people to write.</p></strong></del></span>
<h3>The GNU Library GPL</h3>
<p>The GNU C library uses a special kind of copyleft called the GNU
-Library General Public License(1), which gives permission to link
+Library General Public <span
class="removed"><del><strong>License(1),</strong></del></span> <span
class="inserted"><ins><em>License <a
href="#ft7">[7]</a>,</em></ins></span> which gives permission to link
proprietary software with the library. Why make this exception?</p>
<p>It is not a matter of principle; there is no principle that says
@@ -636,10 +665,10 @@
useful modules to serve as building blocks in new free software, and
adding up to a major advantage for further free software development.</p>
-<p>(1) This license is now called the GNU Lesser General Public License,
+<span class="removed"><del><strong><p>(1) This license is now called the
GNU Lesser General Public License,
to avoid giving the idea that all libraries ought to use it.
See <a href="/philosophy/why-not-lgpl.html">Why you shouldn't use the
-Lesser GPL for your next library</a> for more information.</p>
+Lesser GPL for your next library</a> for more
information.</p></strong></del></span>
<h3>Scratching an itch?</h3>
<p>
@@ -755,7 +784,7 @@
We call this system version <a href="/gnu/linux-and-gnu.html">
GNU/Linux</a>, to express its composition as a combination of the GNU
system with Linux as the kernel. Please don't fall into the practice
-of calling the whole system “Linux”, since that means
+of calling the whole system <span
class="removed"><del><strong>“Linux”,</strong></del></span> <span
class="inserted"><ins><em>“Linux,”</em></ins></span> since that
means
attributing our work to someone else.
Please <a href="/gnu/gnu-linux-faq.html"> give us equal
mention</a>.</p>
@@ -791,11 +820,12 @@
strong feeling that free software is a matter of principle, and
nonfree drivers are intolerable. And will large numbers of us spend
extra money, or even a little extra time, so we can use free drivers?
-Yes, if the determination to have freedom is widespread.</p>
+Yes, if the determination to have freedom is <span
class="removed"><del><strong>widespread.</p>
<p>
(2008 note: this issue extends to the BIOS as well. There is a free
BIOS, <a href="http://www.libreboot.org/">LibreBoot</a> (a
distribution of coreboot); the problem is getting specs for machines so that
-LibreBoot can support them without nonfree “blobs”.)</p>
+LibreBoot can support them without nonfree
“blobs”.)</p></strong></del></span> <span
class="inserted"><ins><em>widespread. <a
href="#ft8">[8]</a></p></em></ins></span>
+
<h3>Nonfree libraries</h3>
<p>
@@ -853,10 +883,10 @@
way to be sure, but I think that this was partly due to the
community's firm response to the problem that Qt posed when it was
nonfree. (The new license is inconvenient and inequitable, so it
-remains desirable to avoid using Qt.)</p>
+remains desirable to avoid using <span
class="removed"><del><strong>Qt.)</p>
<p>
[Subsequent note: in September 2000, Qt was rereleased under the GNU GPL,
-which essentially solved this problem.]</p>
+which essentially solved this problem.]</p></strong></del></span> <span
class="inserted"><ins><em>Qt. <a
href="#ft9">[9]</a>)</p></em></ins></span>
<p>
How will we respond to the next tempting nonfree library? Will the
whole community understand the need to stay out of the trap? Or will
@@ -869,12 +899,12 @@
algorithms and features off limits to free software for up to twenty
years. The LZW compression algorithm patents were applied for in
1983, and we still cannot release free software to produce proper
-compressed <span
class="removed"><del><strong><acronym</strong></del></span> <span
class="inserted"><ins><em><abbr</em></ins></span> title="Graphics
Interchange <span
class="removed"><del><strong>Format">GIF</acronym>s.</strong></del></span>
<span class="inserted"><ins><em>Format">GIF</abbr>s.</em></ins></span>
-[As of 2009 they have expired.] In 1998, a free program to produce
+compressed <span
class="removed"><del><strong><acronym</strong></del></span> <span
class="inserted"><ins><em><abbr</em></ins></span> title="Graphics
Interchange <span class="removed"><del><strong>Format">GIF</acronym>s.
+[As of 2009 they have expired.]</strong></del></span> <span
class="inserted"><ins><em>Format">GIF</abbr>s. <a
href="#ft10">[10]</a></em></ins></span>
+In 1998, a free program to produce
<span class="removed"><del><strong><acronym</strong></del></span>
<span class="inserted"><ins><em><abbr</em></ins></span> title="MPEG-1 Audio
Layer <span
class="removed"><del><strong>3">MP3</acronym></strong></del></span>
<span class="inserted"><ins><em>3">MP3</abbr></em></ins></span>
compressed audio
-was removed from distribution under threat of a patent <span
class="removed"><del><strong>suit.</p></strong></del></span> <span
class="inserted"><ins><em>suit. [As of
-2017, these patents have expired. Look how long we had to wait.]
+was removed from distribution under threat of a patent <span
class="removed"><del><strong>suit.</p></strong></del></span> <span
class="inserted"><ins><em>suit. <a href="#ft11">[11]</a>
</p></em></ins></span>
<p>
There are ways to cope with patents: we can search for evidence that a
@@ -946,7 +976,7 @@
<h3>We must talk about freedom</h3>
<p>
Estimates today are that there are ten million users of GNU/Linux
-systems such as Debian GNU/Linux and Red Hat “Linux”.
+systems such as Debian GNU/Linux and Red Hat <span
class="removed"><del><strong>“Linux”.</strong></del></span> <span
class="inserted"><ins><em>“Linux.”</em></ins></span>
Free software has developed such practical advantages that users are
flocking to it for purely practical reasons.</p>
<p>
@@ -999,7 +1029,7 @@
“Free software” and “open source” describe the
same category of software, more or less, but say different things
about the software, and about values. The GNU Project continues to
-use the term “free software”, to express the idea that
+use the term “free <span
class="removed"><del><strong>software”,</strong></del></span> <span
class="inserted"><ins><em>software,”</em></ins></span> to express the
idea that
freedom, not just technology, is important.</p>
<h3>Try!</h3>
@@ -1023,10 +1053,74 @@
can't take the future of freedom for granted. Don't take it for
granted! If you want to keep your freedom, you must be prepared to
defend it.</p>
+<span class="inserted"><ins><em><div class="column-limit"></div>
+
+<h3 class="footnote">Footnotes</h3>
+<ol>
+<li id="ft1">The use of “hacker” to mean “security
+breaker” is a confusion on the part of the mass media. We
+hackers refuse to recognize that meaning, and continue using the word
+to mean someone who loves to program, someone who enjoys playful
+cleverness, or the combination of the two. See my
+article, “<a
href="https://stallman.org/articles/on-hacking.html">On
+Hacking</a>.”</li>
+
+<li id="ft2">As an Atheist, I don't follow any religious leaders, but I
+sometimes find I admire something one of them has said.</li>
+
+<li id="ft3">In 1984 or 1985, Don Hopkins (a very imaginative fellow)
mailed me
+a letter. <a href="/graphics/copyleft-sticker.html">On the
envelope</a> he
+had written several amusing sayings,
+including this one: “Copyleft—all rights reversed.” I
+used the word “copyleft” to name the distribution concept
+I was developing at the time.</li>
+
+<li id="ft4">We now use the <a href="/licenses/fdl.html">GNU Free
+Documentation License</a> for documentation.</li>
+
+<li id="ft5">“Bourne Again Shell” is a play on the name
+“Bourne Shell,” which was the usual shell on Unix.</li>
+
+<li id="ft6">That was written in 1998. In 2009 we no longer maintain a
long
+task list. The community develops free software so fast that we can't
+even keep track of it all. Instead, we have a list of High Priority
+Projects, a much shorter list of projects we really want to encourage
+people to write.</li>
+
+<li id="ft7">This license is now called the GNU Lesser General Public
License,
+to avoid giving the idea that all libraries ought to use it.
+See <a href="/philosophy/why-not-lgpl.html">Why you shouldn't use the
+Lesser GPL for your next library</a> for more information.</li>
+
+<li id="ft8">2008 note: this issue extends to the BIOS as well. There
is a free
+BIOS, <a href="https://libreboot.org/">LibreBoot</a> (a
distribution of
+coreboot); the problem is getting specs for machines so that
+LibreBoot can support them without nonfree “blobs.”</li>
+
+<li id="ft9">In September 2000, Qt was rereleased under the GNU GPL,
+which essentially solved this problem.</li>
+
+<li id="ft10">As of 2009, the GIF patents have expired.</li>
+
+<li id="ft11">As of 2017, the MP3 patents have expired. Look how
+long we had to wait.</li>
+</ol>
+
+<div class="infobox extra" role="complementary">
+<hr />
+<p>
+Originally published in the book <cite>Open Sources</cite>.
Richard
+Stallman was <a href="/philosophy/open-source-misses-the-point.html">
+never a supporter of “open source”</a>, but contributed
+this article so that the ideas of the free software movement would not
+be entirely absent from that book.
+</p>
+</div>
+</div></em></ins></span>
</div><!-- for id="content", starts in the include above -->
<!--#include virtual="/server/footer.html" -->
-<div id="footer">
+<div <span
class="removed"><del><strong>id="footer"></strong></del></span> <span
class="inserted"><ins><em>id="footer" role="contentinfo"></em></ins></span>
<div class="unprintable">
<p>Please send general FSF & GNU inquiries to
@@ -1044,13 +1138,13 @@
to <a href="mailto:web-translators@gnu.org">
<web-translators@gnu.org></a>.</p>
- <p>For information on coordinating and submitting translations of
+ <p>For information on coordinating and <span
class="removed"><del><strong>submitting</strong></del></span> <span
class="inserted"><ins><em>contributing</em></ins></span> translations of
our web pages, see <a
href="/server/standards/README.translations.html">Translations
README</a>. -->
Please see the <a
href="/server/standards/README.translations.html">Translations
-README</a> for information on coordinating and submitting translations
+README</a> for information on coordinating and <span
class="removed"><del><strong>submitting</strong></del></span> <span
class="inserted"><ins><em>contributing</em></ins></span> translations
of this article.</p>
</div>
@@ -1071,7 +1165,7 @@
There is more detail about copyright years in the GNU Maintainers
Information document, www.gnu.org/prep/maintain. -->
-<p>Copyright © 1998, 2001, 2002, 2005, 2006, 2007, 2008, 2010,
2014, <span class="removed"><del><strong>2015</strong></del></span> <span
class="inserted"><ins><em>2015, 2017, 2018, 2020</em></ins></span>
+<p>Copyright © 1998, <span class="removed"><del><strong>2001,
2002,</strong></del></span> 2005, <span class="removed"><del><strong>2006,
2007,</strong></del></span> 2008, 2010, <span
class="removed"><del><strong>2014, 2015</strong></del></span> <span
class="inserted"><ins><em>2012, 2015, 2017, 2018, 2021</em></ins></span>
Richard Stallman</p>
<p>This page is licensed under a <a rel="license"
@@ -1082,7 +1176,7 @@
<p class="unprintable">Updated:
<!-- timestamp start -->
-$Date: 2021/06/08 08:44:38 $
+$Date: 2021/10/24 07:31:37 $
<!-- timestamp end -->
</p>
</div>
Index: thegnuproject.el.po
===================================================================
RCS file: /web/www/www/gnu/po/thegnuproject.el.po,v
retrieving revision 1.57
retrieving revision 1.58
diff -u -b -r1.57 -r1.58
--- thegnuproject.el.po 27 May 2021 19:00:39 -0000 1.57
+++ thegnuproject.el.po 24 Oct 2021 07:31:37 -0000 1.58
@@ -11,7 +11,7 @@
msgid ""
msgstr ""
"Project-Id-Version: www-el_v0.2.0\n"
-"POT-Creation-Date: 2020-07-12 02:25+0000\n"
+"POT-Creation-Date: 2021-10-24 07:25+0000\n"
"PO-Revision-Date: 2015-04-11 17:19+0200\n"
"Last-Translator: Georgios Zarkadas <gz@member.fsf.org>\n"
"Language-Team: Greek <www-el-translators@gnu.org>\n"
@@ -32,45 +32,22 @@
msgstr ""
"GNU, ÎÏγο GNU, ÎÎÎ, ελεÏθεÏο λογιÏμικÏ, ÎδÏÏ
μα
ÎλεÏθεÏοÏ
ÎογιÏμικοÏ, ιÏÏοÏία"
-#. type: Content of: <h2>
+#. type: Content of: <div><h2>
msgid "The GNU Project"
msgstr "Το ÎÏγο GNU"
-#. type: Content of: <p>
-msgid ""
-"by <a href=\"http://www.stallman.org/\";><strong>Richard Stallman</strong></a>"
-msgstr ""
-"αÏÏ Ïον <a href=\"http://www.stallman.org/\";><strong>Richard Stallman</"
-"strong></a>"
-
-#. type: Content of: <blockquote><p>
-msgid ""
-"Originally published in the book <em>Open Sources</em>. Richard Stallman "
-"was <a href=\"/philosophy/open-source-misses-the-point.html\"> never a "
-"supporter of “open source”</a>, but contributed this article so "
-"that the ideas of the free software movement would not be entirely absent "
-"from that book."
-msgstr ""
-"ÎÏÏικά δημοÏιεÏ
μÎνο ÏÏο βιβλίο
<em>ÎνοιÏÏÎÏ Î Î·Î³ÎÏ</em>. Î Richard Stallman "
-"δεν ήÏαν <a href=\"/philosophy/open-source-misses-the-point.html\">
ÏοÏÎ "
-"Ï
ÏοÏÏηÏικÏÎ®Ï ÏοÏ
“λογιÏÎ¼Î¹ÎºÎ¿Ï Î±Î½Î¿Î¹ÏÏοÏ
κÏδικα”</a>, αλλά "
-"ÏÏ
νειÏÎÏεÏε αÏ
ÏÏ Ïο άÏθÏο ÏÏÏε οι ιδÎεÏ
ÏοÏ
κινήμαÏÎ¿Ï ÎµÎ»ÎµÏθεÏοÏ
λογιÏÎ¼Î¹ÎºÎ¿Ï "
-"να μην αÏοÏ
Ïίαζαν ενÏελÏÏ Î±ÏÏ ÎµÎºÎµÎ¯Î½Î¿ Ïο
βιβλίο."
-
-#. type: Content of: <blockquote><p>
-msgid ""
-"Why it is even more important than ever <a href=\"/philosophy/free-software-"
-"even-more-important.html\">to insist that the software we use be free</a>."
-msgstr ""
-"ÎιαÏί είναι ακÏμη Ïιο ÏημανÏÎ¹ÎºÏ Î±ÏÏ ÏοÏÎ
να <a href=\"/philosophy/free-"
-"software-even-more-important.html\">εÏιμÎνοÏ
με ÏÏÏε Ïο
λογιÏÎ¼Î¹ÎºÏ ÏοÏ
"
-"ÏÏηÏιμοÏοιοÏμε να είναι ελεÏθεÏο</a>."
+#. type: Content of: <div><address>
+# || No change detected. The change might only be in amounts of spaces.
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid "by <a href=\"https://www.stallman.org/\";>Richard Stallman</a>"
+msgid "by <a href=\"https://www.stallman.org/\";>Richard Stallman</a>"
+msgstr "αÏÏ Ïον <a href=\"https://www.stallman.org/\";>Richard
Stallman</a>"
-#. type: Content of: <h3>
+#. type: Content of: <div><h3>
msgid "The first software-sharing community"
msgstr "Î ÏÏÏÏη κοινÏÏηÏα διαμοιÏαÏμοÏ
λογιÏμικοÏ"
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"When I started working at the <abbr title=\"Massachusetts Institute of "
"Technology\">MIT</abbr> Artificial Intelligence Lab in 1971, I became part "
@@ -87,15 +64,32 @@
"διαμοιÏαÏμÏÏ ÏÏ
νÏαγÏν είναι ÏÏÏο ÏαλιÏÏ
ÏÏο και Ïο μαγείÏεμα. ÎμÏÏ ÎµÎ¼ÎµÎ¯Ï "
"Ïον εÏαÏμÏζαμε ÏεÏιÏÏÏÏεÏο αÏ' ÏλοÏ
Ï."
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
+# | The AI Lab used a timesharing operating system called <abbr
+# | title=\"Incompatible Timesharing System\">ITS</abbr> (the Incompatible
+# | Timesharing System) that the lab's staff [-hackers (1)-]
+# | {+hackers <a href=\"#ft1\">[1]</a>+} had designed and written in
+# | assembler language for the Digital <abbr title=\"Programmed Data
+# | Processor\">PDP</abbr>-10, one of the large computers of the era. As a
+# | member of this community, an AI Lab staff system hacker, my job was to
+# | improve this system.
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "The AI Lab used a timesharing operating system called <abbr title="
+#| "\"Incompatible Timesharing System\">ITS</abbr> (the Incompatible "
+#| "Timesharing System) that the lab's staff hackers (1) had designed and "
+#| "written in assembler language for the Digital <abbr title=\"Programmed "
+#| "Data Processor\">PDP</abbr>-10, one of the large computers of the era. "
+#| "As a member of this community, an AI Lab staff system hacker, my job was "
+#| "to improve this system."
msgid ""
"The AI Lab used a timesharing operating system called <abbr title="
"\"Incompatible Timesharing System\">ITS</abbr> (the Incompatible Timesharing "
-"System) that the lab's staff hackers (1) had designed and written in "
-"assembler language for the Digital <abbr title=\"Programmed Data Processor"
-"\">PDP</abbr>-10, one of the large computers of the era. As a member of "
-"this community, an AI Lab staff system hacker, my job was to improve this "
-"system."
+"System) that the lab's staff hackers <a href=\"#ft1\">[1]</a> had "
+"designed and written in assembler language for the Digital <abbr title="
+"\"Programmed Data Processor\">PDP</abbr>-10, one of the large computers of "
+"the era. As a member of this community, an AI Lab staff system hacker, my "
+"job was to improve this system."
msgstr ""
"Το εÏγαÏÏήÏιο TN ÏÏηÏιμοÏοιοÏÏε Îνα λειÏοÏ
ÏÎ³Î¹ÎºÏ ÏÏÏÏημα καÏαμεÏιÏÎ¼Î¿Ï ÏÏÏνοÏ
"
"με Ïο Ïνομα <abbr title=\"Incompatible Timesharing
System\">ITS</abbr> (Ïο "
@@ -106,9 +100,24 @@
"μÎÎ»Î¿Ï Î±Ï
ÏÎ®Ï ÏÎ·Ï ÎºÎ¿Î¹Î½ÏÏηÏαÏ, ÎÎ½Î±Ï ÏÎ¬ÎºÎµÏ ÏÏ
ÏÏημάÏÏν ÏοÏ
εÏγαÏÏηÏίοÏ
ΤÎ, η "
"δοÏ
λειά μοÏ
ήÏαν να βελÏιÏÏÏ Î±Ï
ÏÏ Ïο
ÏÏÏÏημα."
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
+# | We did not call our software “free [-software”,-]
+# | {+software,”+} because that term did not yet exist; but that is what
+# | it was. Whenever people from another university or a company wanted to
+# | port and use a program, we gladly let them. If you saw someone using an
+# | unfamiliar and interesting program, you could always ask to see the source
+# | code, so that you could read it, change it, or cannibalize parts of it to
+# | make a new program.
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "We did not call our software “free software”, because that "
+#| "term did not yet exist; but that is what it was. Whenever people from "
+#| "another university or a company wanted to port and use a program, we "
+#| "gladly let them. If you saw someone using an unfamiliar and interesting "
+#| "program, you could always ask to see the source code, so that you could "
+#| "read it, change it, or cannibalize parts of it to make a new program."
msgid ""
-"We did not call our software “free software”, because that term "
+"We did not call our software “free software,” because that term "
"did not yet exist; but that is what it was. Whenever people from another "
"university or a company wanted to port and use a program, we gladly let "
"them. If you saw someone using an unfamiliar and interesting program, you "
@@ -124,28 +133,20 @@
"να Ïον διαβάÏειÏ, να Ïον Î±Î»Î»Î¬Î¾ÎµÎ¹Ï Î® να
κανιβαλίÏÎµÎ¹Ï Î¼ÎÏη αÏ' αÏ
ÏÏν για να "
"δημιοÏ
ÏγήÏÎµÎ¹Ï Îνα νÎο ÏÏÏγÏαμμα."
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><div><p>
msgid ""
-"(1) The use of “hacker” to mean “security breaker” "
-"is a confusion on the part of the mass media. We hackers refuse to "
-"recognize that meaning, and continue using the word to mean someone who "
-"loves to program, someone who enjoys playful cleverness, or the combination "
-"of the two. See my article, <a href=\"http://stallman.org/articles/on-";
-"hacking.html\">On Hacking</a>."
+"Why it is even more important than ever <a href=\"/philosophy/free-software-"
+"even-more-important.html\">to insist that the software we use be free</a>."
msgstr ""
-"(1) Î ÏÏήÏη ÏÎ·Ï Î»ÎÎ¾Î·Ï “Ïάκεϔ με Ïην
Îννοια “ειÏβολÎÎ±Ï "
-"ÏÏ
ÏÏημάÏÏν” είναι μία ÏÏγÏÏ
Ïη ÏοÏ
οÏείλεÏαι ÏÏα μÎÏα Î¼Î±Î¶Î¹ÎºÎ®Ï "
-"ενημÎÏÏÏηÏ. ÎÎ¼ÎµÎ¯Ï Î¿Î¹ ÏÎ¬ÎºÎµÏ Î±ÏνοÏμαÏÏε να
αναγνÏÏίÏοÏ
με αÏ
Ïή Ïη ÏημαÏία και "
-"ÏÏ
νεÏίζοÏ
με να ÏÏηÏιμοÏοιοÏμε Ïη λÎξη
ÏÏÏε να Ïημαίνει κάÏοιοÏ/α ÏοÏ
αγαÏάει "
-"Ïον ÏÏογÏαμμαÏιÏμÏ, κάÏοιοÏ/α ÏοÏ
ÏαίÏεÏαι Ïην ÏαιÏνιδιάÏικη εξÏ
Ïνάδα ή Ïο "
-"ÏÏ
νδÏ
αÏÎ¼Ï ÏÏν δÏο ÏαÏαÏάνÏ. ÎείÏε Ïο
άÏθÏο μοÏ
, <a href=\"http://stallman.";
-"org/articles/on-hacking.html\">Îια Ïο Ïάκινγκ</a>."
+"ÎιαÏί είναι ακÏμη Ïιο ÏημανÏÎ¹ÎºÏ Î±ÏÏ ÏοÏÎ
να <a href=\"/philosophy/free-"
+"software-even-more-important.html\">εÏιμÎνοÏ
με ÏÏÏε Ïο
λογιÏÎ¼Î¹ÎºÏ ÏοÏ
"
+"ÏÏηÏιμοÏοιοÏμε να είναι ελεÏθεÏο</a>."
-#. type: Content of: <h3>
+#. type: Content of: <div><h3>
msgid "The collapse of the community"
msgstr "ΠκαÏάÏÏεÏ
Ïη ÏÎ·Ï ÎºÎ¿Î¹Î½ÏÏηÏαÏ"
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"The situation changed drastically in the early 1980s when Digital "
"discontinued the PDP-10 series. Its architecture, elegant and powerful in "
@@ -160,15 +161,32 @@
"δεκαεÏία ÏοÏ
80. ÎÏ
ÏÏ Ïήμαινε ÏÏÏ ÏÏεδÏν
Ïλα Ïα ÏÏογÏάμμαÏα ÏοÏ
ÏÏ
νÎθεÏαν "
"Ïο ITS ήÏαν ÏλÎον αÏαÏÏαιÏμÎνα."
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
+# | The AI Lab hacker community had already collapsed, not long before. In
+# | 1981, the spin-off company Symbolics had hired away nearly all of the
+# | hackers from the AI Lab, and the depopulated community was unable to
+# | maintain itself. (The book [-Hackers,-] {+<cite>Hackers</cite>,+} by
+# | Steve Levy, describes these events, as well as giving a clear picture of
+# | this community in its prime.) When the AI Lab bought a new PDP-10 in
+# | 1982, its administrators decided to use Digital's nonfree timesharing
+# | system instead of ITS.
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "The AI Lab hacker community had already collapsed, not long before. In "
+#| "1981, the spin-off company Symbolics had hired away nearly all of the "
+#| "hackers from the AI Lab, and the depopulated community was unable to "
+#| "maintain itself. (The book Hackers, by Steve Levy, describes these "
+#| "events, as well as giving a clear picture of this community in its "
+#| "prime.) When the AI Lab bought a new PDP-10 in 1982, its administrators "
+#| "decided to use Digital's nonfree timesharing system instead of ITS."
msgid ""
"The AI Lab hacker community had already collapsed, not long before. In "
"1981, the spin-off company Symbolics had hired away nearly all of the "
"hackers from the AI Lab, and the depopulated community was unable to "
-"maintain itself. (The book Hackers, by Steve Levy, describes these events, "
-"as well as giving a clear picture of this community in its prime.) When the "
-"AI Lab bought a new PDP-10 in 1982, its administrators decided to use "
-"Digital's nonfree timesharing system instead of ITS."
+"maintain itself. (The book <cite>Hackers</cite>, by Steve Levy, describes "
+"these events, as well as giving a clear picture of this community in its "
+"prime.) When the AI Lab bought a new PDP-10 in 1982, its administrators "
+"decided to use Digital's nonfree timesharing system instead of ITS."
msgstr ""
"ΠκοινÏÏηÏα ÏÏν ÏÎ¬ÎºÎµÏ ÏοÏ
εÏγαÏÏηÏίοÏ
ΤÎ
είÏε ήδη καÏαÏÏεÏÏει, ÏÏι ÏÎ¿Î»Ï "
"καιÏÏ ÏÏιν. Το 1981, η εÏαιÏεία ÏεÏνοβλαÏÏÏÏ
(spin-off) Symbolics ÏÏοÏÎλαβε "
@@ -179,7 +197,7 @@
"διαÏειÏιÏÏÎÏ ÏοÏ
αÏοÏάÏιÏαν να
ÏÏηÏιμοÏοιήÏοÏ
ν Ïο μη-ελεÏθεÏο ÏÏÏÏημα "
"καÏαμεÏιÏÎ¼Î¿Ï ÏÏÏνοÏ
ÏÎ·Ï Digital ανÏί για Ïο
ITS."
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"The modern computers of the era, such as the VAX or the 68020, had their own "
"operating systems, but none of them were free software: you had to sign a "
@@ -190,7 +208,7 @@
"λογιÏμικÏ. ÎÏÏεÏε να Ï
ÏογÏάÏÎµÎ¹Ï Î¼Î¹Î± ÏÏ
μÏÏνία εμÏιÏÏεÏ
ÏικÏÏηÏÎ±Ï Î±ÎºÏμη και για "
"να ÏάÏÎµÎ¹Ï Îνα εκÏελÎÏιμο ανÏίγÏαÏο."
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"This meant that the first step in using a computer was to promise not to "
"help your neighbor. A cooperating community was forbidden. The rule made "
@@ -205,7 +223,7 @@
"είÏαι ÎÎ½Î±Ï ÏειÏαÏήÏ. Îάν θÎÎ»ÎµÎ¹Ï Î½Î± κανείÏ
οÏοιεÏδήÏοÏε αλλαγÎÏ, ικÎÏεÏÎ Î¼Î±Ï "
"να ÏÎ¹Ï ÎºÎ¬Î½Î¿Ï
με.”"
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"The idea that the proprietary software social system—the system that "
"says you are not allowed to share or change software—is antisocial, "
@@ -229,11 +247,27 @@
"ÎÏοÏ
ν δοÏ
λÎÏει ÏÎ¿Î»Ï ÏκληÏά και
μακÏοÏÏÏνια, ÏÏÏε να ÏείÏοÏ
ν ÏοÏ
Ï Î±Î½Î¸ÏÏÏοÏ
Ï "
"ÏÏι Ï
ÏάÏÏει μÏνο ÎÎ½Î±Ï ÏÏÏÏÎ¿Ï Î³Î¹Î± να βλÎÏοÏ
με Ïο ζήÏημα αÏ
ÏÏ."
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
+# | When software publishers talk about “enforcing” their
+# | “rights” or “stopping <a
+# | [-href=\"/philosophy/words-to-avoid.html#Piracy\">piracy</a>”,-]
+# | {+href=\"/philosophy/words-to-avoid.html#Piracy\">piracy</a>,”+}
+# | what they actually <em>say</em> is secondary. The real message of these
+# | statements is in the unstated assumptions they take for granted, which the
+# | public is asked to accept without examination. Let's therefore examine
+# | them.
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "When software publishers talk about “enforcing” their “"
+#| "rights” or “stopping <a href=\"/philosophy/words-to-avoid."
+#| "html#Piracy\">piracy</a>”, what they actually <em>say</em> is "
+#| "secondary. The real message of these statements is in the unstated "
+#| "assumptions they take for granted, which the public is asked to accept "
+#| "without examination. Let's therefore examine them."
msgid ""
"When software publishers talk about “enforcing” their “"
"rights” or “stopping <a href=\"/philosophy/words-to-avoid."
-"html#Piracy\">piracy</a>”, what they actually <em>say</em> is "
+"html#Piracy\">piracy</a>,” what they actually <em>say</em> is "
"secondary. The real message of these statements is in the unstated "
"assumptions they take for granted, which the public is asked to accept "
"without examination. Let's therefore examine them."
@@ -245,7 +279,7 @@
"βÏίÏκεÏαι ÏÏÎ¹Ï Î±Î´Î®Î»ÏÏÎµÏ Ï
ÏοθÎÏÎµÎ¹Ï ÏοÏ
θεÏÏοÏν ÏÏ Î´ÎµÎ´Î¿Î¼ÎνεÏ, ÏÎ¹Ï Î¿ÏÎ¿Î¯ÎµÏ Î· "
"κοινÏνία ζηÏείÏαι να ÏÎ¹Ï Î±ÏοδÎÏεÏαι δίÏÏÏ
εξÎÏαÏη. ÎÏ ÏÎ¹Ï ÎµÎ¾ÎµÏάÏοÏ
με λοιÏÏν."
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"One assumption is that software companies have an unquestionable natural "
"right to own software and thus have power over all its users. (If this were "
@@ -263,7 +297,7 @@
"αλλά Îνα ÏεÏνηÏÏ, κÏ
βεÏνηÏικά
εÏιβαλλÏμενο μονοÏÏλιο Ïο οÏοίο
ÏεÏιοÏίζει Ïο "
"ÏÏ
ÏÎ¹ÎºÏ Î´Î¹ÎºÎ±Î¯Ïμα ÏÏν ÏÏηÏÏÏν να ανÏιγÏάÏοÏ
ν."
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"Another unstated assumption is that the only important thing about software "
"is what jobs it allows you to do—that we computer users should not "
@@ -274,7 +308,7 @@
"οι ÏÏήÏÏÎµÏ Î·Î»ÎµÎºÏÏονικÏν Ï
ÏολογιÏÏÏν δεν
ÏÏÎÏει να ενδιαÏεÏÏμαÏÏε για Ïο "
"ÎµÎ¯Î´Î¿Ï ÏÎ·Ï ÎºÎ¿Î¹Î½ÏÎ½Î¯Î±Ï ÏοÏ
Î¼Î±Ï ÎµÏιÏÏÎÏεÏαι
να ÎÏοÏ
με."
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"A third assumption is that we would have no usable software (or would never "
"have a program to do this or that particular job) if we did not offer a "
@@ -290,7 +324,7 @@
"μÏοÏοÏμε να ÎÏοÏ
με μεγάλη Ïοικιλία
ÏÏήÏιμοÏ
λογιÏÎ¼Î¹ÎºÎ¿Ï ÏÏÏÎ¯Ï Î½Î± βάζοÏ
με "
"αλÏ
ÏÎ¯Î´ÎµÏ ÏÎ¬Î½Ï Ï' αÏ
ÏÏ."
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"If we decline to accept these assumptions, and judge these issues based on "
"ordinary commonsense morality while placing the users first, we arrive at "
@@ -305,13 +339,31 @@
"ικανοÏοιοÏν ÏÎ¹Ï Î±Î½Î¬Î³ÎºÎµÏ ÏοÏ
Ï, και
ελεÏθεÏοι να μοιÏάζονÏαι Ïο λογιÏμικÏ, "
"εÏειδή η ανθÏÏÏινη αλληλοβοήθεια
αÏοÏελεί Ïη βάÏη ÏÎ·Ï ÎºÎ¿Î¹Î½ÏνίαÏ."
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
+# | There is no room here for an extensive statement of the reasoning behind
+# | this conclusion, so I refer the reader to [-the web pages <a
+# | href=\"/philosophy/why-free.html\">
+# | http://www.gnu.org/philosophy/why-free.html</a>-] {+“<a
+# | href=\"/philosophy/why-free.html\">Why Software Should Not Have
+# | Owners</a>,”+} and [-<a
+# | href=\"/philosophy/free-software-even-more-important.html\">
+# | http://www.gnu.org/philosophy/free-software-even-more-important.html</a>.-]
+# | {+“<a
+# | href=\"/philosophy/free-software-even-more-important.html\">Free Software
+# | Is Even More Important Now</a>.”+}
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "There is no room here for an extensive statement of the reasoning behind "
+#| "this conclusion, so I refer the reader to the web pages <a href=\"/"
+#| "philosophy/why-free.html\"> http://www.gnu.org/philosophy/why-free.html</"
+#| "a> and <a href=\"/philosophy/free-software-even-more-important.html\"> "
+#| "http://www.gnu.org/philosophy/free-software-even-more-important.html</a>."
msgid ""
"There is no room here for an extensive statement of the reasoning behind "
-"this conclusion, so I refer the reader to the web pages <a href=\"/"
-"philosophy/why-free.html\"> http://www.gnu.org/philosophy/why-free.html</a> "
-"and <a href=\"/philosophy/free-software-even-more-important.html\"> http://";
-"www.gnu.org/philosophy/free-software-even-more-important.html</a>."
+"this conclusion, so I refer the reader to “<a href=\"/philosophy/why-"
+"free.html\">Why Software Should Not Have Owners</a>,” and “<a "
+"href=\"/philosophy/free-software-even-more-important.html\">Free Software Is "
+"Even More Important Now</a>.”"
msgstr ""
"Îεν Ï
ÏάÏÏει ÎµÎ´Ï Î±ÏκεÏÏÏ ÏÏÏÎ¿Ï Î³Î¹Î± μια
εκÏενή αναÏοÏά ÏÎ·Ï ÏÏ
λλογιÏÏÎ¹ÎºÎ®Ï ÏοÏ
"
"οδηγεί Ï' αÏ
ÏÏ Ïο ÏÏ
μÏÎÏαÏμα, γι' αÏ
ÏÏ
ÏαÏαÏÎμÏÏ Ïον αναγνÏÏÏη ÏÏÎ¹Ï "
@@ -320,11 +372,11 @@
"more-important.html\"> http://www.gnu.org/philosophy/free-software-even-more-";
"important.html</a>."
-#. type: Content of: <h3>
+#. type: Content of: <div><h3>
msgid "A stark moral choice"
msgstr "Îια άκαμÏÏη ηθική εÏιλογή."
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"With my community gone, to continue as before was impossible. Instead, I "
"faced a stark moral choice."
@@ -332,7 +384,7 @@
"Îε Ïην κοινÏÏηÏα μοÏ
να ÎÏει Ïαθεί, ήÏαν
αδÏναÏο να ÏÏ
νεÏίÏÏ ÏÏÏÏ ÏÏιν. "
"ÎνÏιθÎÏÏÏ, ανÏιμεÏÏÏιÏα μια άκαμÏÏη ηθική
εÏιλογή."
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"The easy choice was to join the proprietary software world, signing "
"nondisclosure agreements and promising not to help my fellow hacker. Most "
@@ -346,7 +398,7 @@
"Ïο οÏοίο θα εκδιδÏÏαν Ï
ÏÏ ÏÏ
μÏÏνίεÏ
εμÏιÏÏεÏ
ÏικÏÏηÏαÏ, ÏÏοÏθÎÏονÏÎ±Ï ÎÏÏι "
"ÏÏην ÏίεÏη ÏÎ¬Î½Ï Ï' άλλοÏ
Ï Î±Î½Î¸ÏÏÏοÏ
Ï Î½Î±
ÏÏοδÏÏοÏ
ν εÏίÏÎ·Ï Ïο ÏÏ
νάνθÏÏÏÏ ÏοÏ
Ï."
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"I could have made money this way, and perhaps amused myself writing code. "
"But I knew that at the end of my career, I would look back on years of "
@@ -359,7 +411,7 @@
"ÏοÏ
ανθÏÏÏοÏ
Ï ÎºÎ±Î¹ θα ÎνιÏθα ÏÏÏ Î¾ÏδεÏα Ïλη
Ïη ζÏή μοÏ
κάνονÏÎ±Ï Ïον κÏÏμο Îνα "
"ÏειÏÏÏεÏο μÎÏοÏ."
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"I had already experienced being on the receiving end of a nondisclosure "
"agreement, when someone refused to give me and the MIT AI Lab the source "
@@ -378,7 +430,7 @@
"εξαγÏιÏμÎÎ½Î¿Ï ÏÏαν ÎµÎºÎµÎ¯Î½Î¿Ï Î±Ïνήθηκε να
μοιÏαÏÏεί μαζί μαÏΠδεν μÏοÏοÏÏα να "
"ÏÏÏαÏÏ ÎºÎ±Î¹ να ÎºÎ¬Î½Ï ÎºÎ¹ ÎµÎ³Ï Ïο ίδιο ÏÏάγμα Ïε
ÏλοÏ
Ï ÏοÏ
Ï Î¬Î»Î»Î¿Ï
Ï."
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"Another choice, straightforward but unpleasant, was to leave the computer "
"field. That way my skills would not be misused, but they would still be "
@@ -391,7 +443,7 @@
"διαίÏεÏη και Ïον ÏεÏιοÏιÏÎ¼Ï ÏÏν ÏÏηÏÏÏν Ï
ÏολογιÏÏÏν, αλλά αÏ
ÏÏ Î¸Î± ÏÏ
νÎβαινε "
"οÏÏÏÏ Î® άλλÏÏ."
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"So I looked for a way that a programmer could do something for the good. I "
"asked myself, was there a program or programs that I could write, so as to "
@@ -402,7 +454,7 @@
"ÏÏογÏάμμαÏα ÏοÏ
θα μÏοÏοÏÏα να γÏάÏÏ, ÏÏÏε
να ÎºÎ¬Î½Ï Î´Ï
ναÏή για άλλη μια ÏοÏά "
"Ïη δημιοÏ
Ïγία Î¼Î¯Î±Ï ÎºÎ¿Î¹Î½ÏÏηÏαÏ;"
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"The answer was clear: what was needed first was an operating system. That "
"is the crucial software for starting to use a computer. With an operating "
@@ -422,14 +474,15 @@
"ν' αÏÏίÏει με Ïο να ÏÏ
νομÏÏεί ν'
αÏοÏÏεÏήÏει ÏοÏ
Ï ÏίλοÏ
Ï ÏοÏ
/ÏηÏ<sup><a href="
"\"#TransNote1\">1</a></sup>."
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
# | As an operating system developer, I had the right skills for this job. So
# | even though I could not take success for granted, I realized that I was
# | elected to do the job. I chose to make the system compatible with Unix so
# | that it would be portable, and so that Unix users could easily switch to
# | it. The name GNU was chosen, following a hacker tradition, as a recursive
# | acronym for “GNU's Not Unix.” {+It is pronounced as <a
-# | href=\"/gnu/pronunciation.html\">one syllable with a hard g</a>.+}
+# | href=\"/gnu/pronunciation.html\">one syllable with a
+# | hard <i>g</i></a>.+}
#, fuzzy
#| msgid ""
#| "As an operating system developer, I had the right skills for this job. "
@@ -445,7 +498,7 @@
"that it would be portable, and so that Unix users could easily switch to "
"it. The name GNU was chosen, following a hacker tradition, as a recursive "
"acronym for “GNU's Not Unix.” It is pronounced as <a href=\"/gnu/"
-"pronunciation.html\">one syllable with a hard g</a>."
+"pronunciation.html\">one syllable with a hard <i>g</i></a>."
msgstr ""
"Î©Ï ÏÏογÏαμμαÏιÏÏÎ®Ï Î»ÎµÎ¹ÏοÏ
ÏγικÏν ÏÏ
ÏÏημάÏÏν, είÏα ÏÎ¹Ï ÎºÎ±ÏÎ¬Î»Î»Î·Î»ÎµÏ Î¹ÎºÎ±Î½ÏÏηÏÎµÏ "
"γι' αÏ
Ïή Ïη δοÏ
λειά. ÎÏÏι ÏαÏÏλο ÏοÏ
δεν
είÏα Ïην εÏιÏÏ
Ïία ÏÏ Î´ÎµÎ´Î¿Î¼Îνη, "
@@ -455,7 +508,7 @@
"Ïνομα GNU εÏιλÎÏÏηκε ακολοÏ
θÏνÏÎ±Ï Î¼Î¯Î±
ÏαÏάδοÏη ÏÏν ÏάκεÏ, ÏÏ Î±Î½Î±Î´ÏÎ¿Î¼Î¹ÎºÏ "
"ακÏÏνÏμιο ÏοÏ
“GNUâs Not Unix.”"
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"An operating system does not mean just a kernel, barely enough to run other "
"programs. In the 1970s, every operating system worthy of the name included "
@@ -471,39 +524,37 @@
"είÏε, Ïο Multics Ïα είÏε, Ïο VMS Ïα είÏε και Ïο Unix
Ïα είÏε. Το "
"λειÏοÏ
ÏÎ³Î¹ÎºÏ ÏÏÏÏημα GNU θα Ïα ÏεÏιελάμβανε
εÏίÏηÏ."
-#. type: Content of: <p>
-msgid "Later I heard these words, attributed to Hillel (1):"
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
+# | Later I heard these words, attributed to [-Hillel (1):-] {+Hillel <a
+# | href=\"#ft2\">[2]</a>:+}
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid "Later I heard these words, attributed to Hillel (1):"
+msgid ""
+"Later I heard these words, attributed to Hillel <a href=\"#ft2\">[2]</"
+"a>:"
msgstr "ÎÏγÏÏεÏα άκοÏ
Ïα αÏ
Ïά Ïα λÏγια, ÏοÏ
αÏοδίδονÏαι ÏÏον Hillel (1):"
-#. type: Content of: <blockquote><p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><blockquote><p>
msgid "If I am not for myself, who will be for me?"
msgstr "ÎαÌν δεν ειÌμαι για Ïον εαÏ
ÏÎ¿Ì Î¼Î¿Ï
,
ÏÎ¿Î¹Î¿Ï Î¸Î± ειÌναι για μεÌνα;"
-#. type: Content of: <blockquote><p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><blockquote><p>
msgid "If I am only for myself, what am I?"
msgstr "ÎαÌν ειÌμαι μοÌνο για Ïον εαÏ
ÏÎ¿Ì Î¼Î¿Ï
,
Ïι ειÌμαι;"
-#. type: Content of: <blockquote><p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><blockquote><p>
msgid "If not now, when?"
msgstr "ÎαÌν οÌÏι ÏÏÌÏα, ÏοÌÏε;"
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid "The decision to start the GNU Project was based on a similar spirit."
msgstr "ΠαÏÏÏαÏη να ξεκινήÏÏ Ïο ÎÏγο GNU
βαÏίÏÏηκε Ï' Îνα ÏαÏÏμοιο ÏνεÏμα."
-#. type: Content of: <p>
-msgid ""
-"(1) As an Atheist, I don't follow any religious leaders, but I sometimes "
-"find I admire something one of them has said."
-msgstr ""
-"(1) Î©Ï Î¬Î¸ÎµÎ¿Ï, δεν ακολοÏ
Î¸Ï ÎºÎ±Î½Îνα θÏηÏκεÏ
ÏÎ¹ÎºÏ Î·Î³ÎÏη, αλλά μεÏικÎÏ ÏοÏÎÏ "
-"βÏίÏÎºÏ ÏÏι θαÏ
Î¼Î¬Î¶Ï ÎºÎ¬Ïι ÏοÏ
κάÏÎ¿Î¹Î¿Ï ÎµÎ¾ αÏ
ÏÏν ÎÏει Ïει."
-
-#. type: Content of: <h3>
+#. type: Content of: <div><h3>
msgid "Free as in freedom"
msgstr "ÎλεÏθεÏο ÏÏÏÏ ÏÏην ελεÏ
θεÏία"
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"The term “free software” is sometimes misunderstood—it has "
"nothing to do with price. It is about freedom. Here, therefore, is the "
@@ -514,19 +565,19 @@
"Ïιμή. ÎÏοÏά Ïην ελεÏ
θεÏία. ÎδÏ, λοιÏÏν,
ÏαÏαÏίθεÏαι ο οÏιÏμÏÏ ÏοÏ
ελεÏθεÏοÏ
"
"λογιÏμικοÏ."
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid "A program is free software, for you, a particular user, if:"
msgstr ""
"Îνα ÏÏÏγÏαμμα είναι ελεÏθεÏο λογιÏμικÏ,
για ÏαÏ, Îνα ÏÏ
γκεκÏιμÎνο ÏÏήÏÏη, "
"εάν:"
-#. type: Content of: <ul><li>
+#. type: Content of: <div><ul><li>
msgid "You have the freedom to run the program as you wish, for any purpose."
msgstr ""
"ÎÏεÏε Ïην ελεÏ
θεÏία να εκÏελείÏε Ïο
ÏÏÏγÏαμμα ÏÏÏÏ ÎµÏιθÏ
μείÏε, για "
"οÏοιονδήÏοÏε ÏκοÏÏ."
-#. type: Content of: <ul><li>
+#. type: Content of: <div><ul><li>
msgid ""
"You have the freedom to modify the program to suit your needs. (To make "
"this freedom effective in practice, you must have access to the source code, "
@@ -538,13 +589,13 @@
"ÎÏεÏε ÏÏÏÏβαÏη ÏÏον Ïηγαίο κÏδικα, εÏÏÏον
Ïο να κάνει ÎºÎ±Î½ÎµÎ¯Ï Î±Î»Î»Î±Î³ÎÏ Ï' Îνα "
"ÏÏÏγÏαμμα δίÏÏÏ Î½Î± ÎÏει Ïον Ïηγαίο κÏδικά
ÏοÏ
είναι εξαιÏεÏικά δÏÏκολο.)"
-#. type: Content of: <ul><li>
+#. type: Content of: <div><ul><li>
msgid ""
"You have the freedom to redistribute copies, either gratis or for a fee."
msgstr ""
"ÎÏεÏε Ïην ελεÏ
θεÏία να αναδιανÎμεÏε
ανÏίγÏαÏα, είÏε δÏÏεάν είÏε με ανÏίÏιμο."
-#. type: Content of: <ul><li>
+#. type: Content of: <div><ul><li>
msgid ""
"You have the freedom to distribute modified versions of the program, so that "
"the community can benefit from your improvements."
@@ -552,7 +603,7 @@
"ÎÏεÏε Ïην ελεÏ
θεÏία να διανÎμεÏε
ÏÏοÏοÏοιημÎÎ½ÎµÏ ÎµÎºÎ´ÏÏÎµÎ¹Ï ÏοÏ
ÏÏογÏάμμαÏοÏ, "
"ÎÏÏι ÏÏÏε να μÏοÏεί να ÏÏεληθεί η
κοινÏÏηÏα αÏÏ ÏÎ¹Ï Î²ÎµÎ»ÏιÏÏÎµÎ¹Ï ÏαÏ."
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"Since “free” refers to freedom, not to price, there is no "
"contradiction between selling copies and free software. In fact, the "
@@ -570,14 +621,34 @@
"ÎÏομÎνÏÏ, Îνα ÏÏÏγÏαμμα Ïο οÏοίο οι
άνθÏÏÏοι δεν είναι ελεÏθεÏοι να Ïο "
"ÏÏ
μÏεÏιλάβοÏ
ν Ïε αÏ
ÏÎÏ ÏÎ¹Ï ÏÏ
λλογÎÏ, δεν
είναι ελεÏθεÏο λογιÏμικÏ."
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
+# | Because of the ambiguity of [-“free”,-]
+# | {+“free,”+} people have long looked for alternatives, but no
+# | one has found a better term. The English language has more words and
+# | nuances than any other, but it lacks a simple, unambiguous, word that
+# | means [-“free”,-] {+“free,”+} as in
+# | freedom—“unfettered” being the word that comes closest
+# | in meaning. Such alternatives as [-“liberated”,
+# | “freedom”,-] {+“liberated,”
+# | “freedom,”+} and “open” have either the wrong
+# | meaning or some other disadvantage.
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "Because of the ambiguity of “free”, people have long looked "
+#| "for alternatives, but no one has found a better term. The English "
+#| "language has more words and nuances than any other, but it lacks a "
+#| "simple, unambiguous, word that means “free”, as in "
+#| "freedom—“unfettered” being the word that comes closest "
+#| "in meaning. Such alternatives as “liberated”, “"
+#| "freedom”, and “open” have either the wrong meaning or "
+#| "some other disadvantage."
msgid ""
-"Because of the ambiguity of “free”, people have long looked for "
+"Because of the ambiguity of “free,” people have long looked for "
"alternatives, but no one has found a better term. The English language has "
"more words and nuances than any other, but it lacks a simple, unambiguous, "
-"word that means “free”, as in freedom—“"
+"word that means “free,” as in freedom—“"
"unfettered” being the word that comes closest in meaning. Such "
-"alternatives as “liberated”, “freedom”, and “"
+"alternatives as “liberated,” “freedom,” and “"
"open” have either the wrong meaning or some other disadvantage."
msgstr ""
"ÎÏÎ³Ï ÏÎ·Ï Î±ÏάÏÎµÎ¹Î±Ï ÏÎ·Ï Î»ÎξηÏ
“ελεÏθεÏο”, οι άνθÏÏÏοι ÎÏαξαν ÎµÎ´Ï "
@@ -590,11 +661,11 @@
"ελεÏ
θεÏία” και “ανοιÏÏÏ” ÎÏοÏ
ν
είÏε διαÏοÏεÏÎ¹ÎºÏ "
"(λανθαÏμÎνο) νÏημα είÏε κάÏοιο άλλο
μειονÎκÏημα."
-#. type: Content of: <h3>
+#. type: Content of: <div><h3>
msgid "GNU software and the GNU system"
msgstr "ÎογιÏÎ¼Î¹ÎºÏ GNU και Ïο Ïá½»ÏÏημα GNU"
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"Developing a whole system is a very large project. To bring it into reach, "
"I decided to adapt and use existing pieces of free software wherever that "
@@ -610,7 +681,7 @@
"ÏÏÏÏημα X (X Window System) ανÏί να γÏάÏÏ ÎºÎ¬Ïοιο
άλλο ÏαÏαθÏ
ÏÎ¹ÎºÏ ÏÏÏÏημα για "
"Ïο GNU."
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"Because of these decisions, and others like them, the GNU system is not the "
"same as the collection of all GNU software. The GNU system includes "
@@ -624,11 +695,11 @@
"καÏαÏκεÏ
άÏÏηκαν αÏÏ Î¬Î»Î»Î¿Ï
Ï Î±Î½Î¸ÏÏÏοÏ
Ï ÎºÎ±Î¹
ÎÏγα για ÏοÏ
Ï Î´Î¹ÎºÎ¿ÏÏ ÏοÏ
Ï ÏκοÏοÏÏ, "
"Ïα οÏοία ÏμÏÏ Î¼ÏοÏοÏμε και ÏÏηÏιμοÏοιοÏμε
εÏειδή είναι ελεÏθεÏο λογιÏμικÏ."
-#. type: Content of: <h3>
+#. type: Content of: <div><h3>
msgid "Commencing the project"
msgstr "ÎεκινÏνÏÎ±Ï Ïο ÎÏγο"
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"In January 1984 I quit my job at MIT and began writing GNU software. "
"Leaving MIT was necessary so that MIT would not be able to interfere with "
@@ -649,7 +720,7 @@
"να γίνεÏαι άÏÏηÏÏη για Ïον εÏιθÏ
μηÏÏ ÏηÏ
ÏκοÏÏ: Ïη δημιοÏ
Ïγία Î¼Î¹Î±Ï Î½ÎÎ±Ï "
"κοινÏÏηÏÎ±Ï Î´Î¹Î±Î¼Î¿Î¹ÏαÏÎ¼Î¿Ï Î»Î¿Î³Î¹ÏμικοÏ."
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"However, Professor Winston, then the head of the MIT AI Lab, kindly invited "
"me to keep using the lab's facilities."
@@ -658,15 +729,29 @@
"MIT, εÏ
γενÏÏ Î¼Îµ ÏÏοÏκάλεÏε να ÏÏ
νεÏίÏÏ Î½Î±
ÏÏηÏιμοÏÎ¿Î¹Ï ÏÎ¹Ï ÎµÎ³ÎºÎ±ÏαÏÏάÏÎµÎ¹Ï ÏοÏ
"
"εÏγαÏÏηÏίοÏ
."
-#. type: Content of: <h3>
+#. type: Content of: <div><h3>
msgid "The first steps"
msgstr "Τα ÏÏÏÏα βήμαÏα"
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
+# | Shortly before beginning the GNU Project, I heard about the Free
+# | University Compiler Kit, also known as VUCK. (The Dutch word for
+# | “free” is written with a [-<em>v</em>.)-] {+<i>v</i>.)+} This
+# | was a compiler designed to handle multiple languages, including C and
+# | Pascal, and to support multiple target machines. I wrote to its author
+# | asking if GNU could use it.
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "Shortly before beginning the GNU Project, I heard about the Free "
+#| "University Compiler Kit, also known as VUCK. (The Dutch word for “"
+#| "free” is written with a <em>v</em>.) This was a compiler designed "
+#| "to handle multiple languages, including C and Pascal, and to support "
+#| "multiple target machines. I wrote to its author asking if GNU could use "
+#| "it."
msgid ""
"Shortly before beginning the GNU Project, I heard about the Free University "
"Compiler Kit, also known as VUCK. (The Dutch word for “free” is "
-"written with a <em>v</em>.) This was a compiler designed to handle multiple "
+"written with a <i>v</i>.) This was a compiler designed to handle multiple "
"languages, including C and Pascal, and to support multiple target machines. "
"I wrote to its author asking if GNU could use it."
msgstr ""
@@ -678,7 +763,7 @@
"ÏολλαÏλÎÏ Î¼Î·ÏανÎÏ ÏÏÏÏοÏ
Ï. ÎγÏαÏα ÏÏο ÏÏ
γγÏαÏÎα ÏοÏ
, ÏÏÏÏνÏÎ±Ï ÎµÎ¬Î½ Ïο GNU θα "
"μÏοÏοÏÏε να Ïον ÏÏηÏιμοÏοιήÏει."
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"He responded derisively, stating that the university was free but the "
"compiler was not. I therefore decided that my first program for the GNU "
@@ -688,7 +773,7 @@
"ο μεÏαγλÏÏÏιÏÏÎ®Ï ÏÏι. Î©Ï ÎµÎº ÏοÏÏοÏ
αÏοÏάÏιÏα ÏÏι Ïο ÏÏÏÏο ÏÏÏγÏαμμα για Ïο "
"ÎÏγο GNU θα ήÏαν ÎÎ½Î±Ï ÏολÏ
γλÏÏÏικÏÏ, ÏολλÏν
ÏλαÏÏοÏμÏν μεÏαγλÏÏÏιÏÏήÏ."
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"Hoping to avoid the need to write the whole compiler myself, I obtained the "
"source code for the Pastel compiler, which was a multiplatform compiler "
@@ -710,11 +795,31 @@
"ÏÏοίβαÏ, ÎµÎ½Ï Ïο διαθÎÏιμο Unix ÏÏÏÏημα ÏοÏ
68000 εÏÎÏÏεÏε μÏνο 64 ÏÎ¹Î»Î¹Î¬Î´ÎµÏ "
"(64 kilobytes)."
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
+# | I then realized that the Pastel compiler functioned by parsing the entire
+# | input file into a syntax tree, converting the whole syntax tree into a
+# | chain of [-“instructions”,-] {+“instructions,”+}
+# | and then generating the whole output file, without ever freeing any
+# | storage. At this point, I concluded I would have to write a new compiler
+# | from scratch. That new compiler is now known as <abbr title=\"GNU
+# | Compiler Collection\">GCC</abbr>; none of the Pastel compiler is used in
+# | it, but I managed to adapt and use the C front end that I had written.
+# | But that was some years later; first, I worked on GNU Emacs.
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "I then realized that the Pastel compiler functioned by parsing the entire "
+#| "input file into a syntax tree, converting the whole syntax tree into a "
+#| "chain of “instructions”, and then generating the whole output "
+#| "file, without ever freeing any storage. At this point, I concluded I "
+#| "would have to write a new compiler from scratch. That new compiler is "
+#| "now known as <abbr title=\"GNU Compiler Collection\">GCC</abbr>; none of "
+#| "the Pastel compiler is used in it, but I managed to adapt and use the C "
+#| "front end that I had written. But that was some years later; first, I "
+#| "worked on GNU Emacs."
msgid ""
"I then realized that the Pastel compiler functioned by parsing the entire "
"input file into a syntax tree, converting the whole syntax tree into a chain "
-"of “instructions”, and then generating the whole output file, "
+"of “instructions,” and then generating the whole output file, "
"without ever freeing any storage. At this point, I concluded I would have "
"to write a new compiler from scratch. That new compiler is now known as "
"<abbr title=\"GNU Compiler Collection\">GCC</abbr>; none of the Pastel "
@@ -732,11 +837,11 @@
"να ÏÏοÏαÏμÏÏÏ ÎºÎ±Î¹ να ÏÏηÏιμοÏοιήÏÏ Ïη
διεÏαÏή ÏÎ·Ï C ÏοÏ
είÏα ÏÏ
γγÏάÏει. "
"ÎÏ
ÏÏ ÏμÏÏ ÏÏ
νÎβη μεÏικά ÏÏÏνια αÏγÏÏεÏαÎ
αÏÏικά δοÏλεÏα ÏÏον GNU Emacs."
-#. type: Content of: <h3>
+#. type: Content of: <div><h3>
msgid "GNU Emacs"
msgstr "Î GNU Emacs"
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"I began work on GNU Emacs in September 1984, and in early 1985 it was "
"beginning to be usable. This enabled me to begin using Unix systems to do "
@@ -749,7 +854,7 @@
"ÏνÏÎ±Ï Î±Î´Î¹Î¬ÏοÏÎ¿Ï ÏÏο να Î¼Î¬Î¸Ï Î½Î±
ÏÏηÏιμοÏÎ¿Î¹Ï Ïον vi ή Ïον ed, Îκανα Ïη δική "
"μοÏ
ÏÏνÏαξη κειμÎνοÏ
Ïε άλλοÏ
είδοÏ
Ï
μηÏανÎÏ ÎÏÏ ÏÏÏε."
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"At this point, people began wanting to use GNU Emacs, which raised the "
"question of how to distribute it. Of course, I put it on the anonymous ftp "
@@ -770,7 +875,7 @@
"ενδιαÏεÏÏμενοÏ
Ï Î±Î½Î¸ÏÏÏοÏ
Ï Î´ÎµÎ½ ήÏαν ÏÏο
ÎιαδίκÏÏ
ο και δεν μÏοÏοÏÏαν να κάβοÏ
ν "
"Îνα ανÏίγÏαÏο μÎÏÏ Î ÎÎ. ÎÏα Ïο εÏÏÏημα
ήÏαν, Ïι θα Îλεγα Ï' αÏ
ÏοÏÏ;"
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"I could have said, “Find a friend who is on the net and who will make "
"a copy for you.” Or I could have done what I did with the original "
@@ -793,11 +898,11 @@
"Ïον ÏÏÏÏο, ξεκίνηÏα μια εÏιÏείÏηÏη
Î´Î¹Î±Î½Î¿Î¼Î®Ï ÎµÎ»ÎµÏθεÏοÏ
λογιÏμικοÏ, Ïον "
"ÏÏÏγονο ÏÏν εÏαιÏειÏν ÏοÏ
διανÎμοÏ
ν
ÏήμεÏα ολÏκληÏÎµÏ Î´Î¹Î±Î½Î¿Î¼ÎÏ GNU/Linux."
-#. type: Content of: <h3>
+#. type: Content of: <div><h3>
msgid "Is a program free for every user?"
msgstr "Îίναι Îνα ÏÏÏγÏαμμα ελεÏθεÏο για κάθε
ÏÏήÏÏη;"
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"If a program is free software when it leaves the hands of its author, this "
"does not necessarily mean it will be free software for everyone who has a "
@@ -818,7 +923,7 @@
"αÏÏ ÏνεÏ
μαÏικά δικαιÏμαÏα, αλλά
διανÎμονÏαι Ï
ÏÏ Î±ÏλÎÏ ÎµÏιÏÏεÏÏικÎÏ Î¬Î´ÎµÎ¹ÎµÏ,
"
"οι οÏÎ¿Î¯ÎµÏ ÎµÏιÏÏÎÏοÏ
ν Ïη δημιοÏ
Ïγία
ιδιοκÏηÏιακÏν ÏÏοÏοÏοιημÎνÏν εκδÏÏεÏν."
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"The paradigmatic example of this problem is the X Window System. Developed "
"at MIT, and released as free software with a permissive license, it was soon "
@@ -834,11 +939,23 @@
"\"#TransNote3\">3</a></sup>. ÎÏ
Ïά Ïα ανÏίγÏαÏα ÏοÏ
Χ
δεν ήÏαν ÏλÎον "
"ÏεÏιÏÏÏÏεÏο ελεÏθεÏο λογιÏÎ¼Î¹ÎºÏ Î±Ï' Ï,Ïι
ήÏαν Ïο Unix."
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
+# | The developers of the X Window System did not consider this a
+# | problem—they expected and intended this to happen. Their goal was
+# | not freedom, just [-“success”,-] {+“success,”+}
+# | defined as “having many users.” They did not care whether
+# | these users had freedom, only that they should be numerous.
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "The developers of the X Window System did not consider this a "
+#| "problem—they expected and intended this to happen. Their goal was "
+#| "not freedom, just “success”, defined as “having many "
+#| "users.” They did not care whether these users had freedom, only "
+#| "that they should be numerous."
msgid ""
"The developers of the X Window System did not consider this a problem—"
"they expected and intended this to happen. Their goal was not freedom, just "
-"“success”, defined as “having many users.” They did "
+"“success,” defined as “having many users.” They did "
"not care whether these users had freedom, only that they should be numerous."
msgstr ""
"Îι ÏÏογÏαμμαÏιÏÏÎÏ ÏοÏ
X δε Ïο θεÏÏηÏαν αÏ
ÏÏ ÏÏ ÏÏÏβλημα—Ïο ανÎμεναν "
@@ -847,7 +964,7 @@
"” Îε ÏοÏ
Ï ÎµÎ½Î´Î¹ÎÏεÏε αν αÏ
Ïοί οι ÏÏήÏÏεÏ
θα είÏαν ελεÏ
θεÏία, αλλά μÏνο "
"να είναι αÏιθμηÏικά Ïολλοί."
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"This led to a paradoxical situation where two different ways of counting the "
"amount of freedom gave different answers to the question, “Is this "
@@ -866,23 +983,34 @@
"ÏÏήÏÏÎµÏ ÏοÏ
Χ εκÏελοÏÏαν ÏιÏ
ιδιοκÏηÏιακÎÏ ÎµÎºÎ´ÏÏÎµÎ¹Ï ÏοÏ
ÏÏ
νÏδεÏ
αν Ïα Unix
"
"ÏÏ
ÏÏήμαÏα, ÏÏι Ïην ελεÏθεÏη ÎκδοÏη."
-#. type: Content of: <h3>
+#. type: Content of: <div><h3>
msgid "Copyleft and the GNU GPL"
msgstr "Το copyleft και η GNU GPL"
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
+# | The goal of GNU was to give users freedom, not just to be popular. So we
+# | needed to use distribution terms that would prevent GNU software from
+# | being turned into proprietary software. The method we use is called
+# | [-“copyleft”.(1)-] {+“copyleft” <a
+# | href=\"#ft3\">[3]</a>.+}
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "The goal of GNU was to give users freedom, not just to be popular. So we "
+#| "needed to use distribution terms that would prevent GNU software from "
+#| "being turned into proprietary software. The method we use is called "
+#| "“copyleft”.(1)"
msgid ""
"The goal of GNU was to give users freedom, not just to be popular. So we "
"needed to use distribution terms that would prevent GNU software from being "
"turned into proprietary software. The method we use is called “"
-"copyleft”.(1)"
+"copyleft” <a href=\"#ft3\">[3]</a>."
msgstr ""
"Î ÏÏÏÏÎ¿Ï ÏοÏ
GNU ήÏαν να δÏÏει ÏÏοÏ
Ï ÏÏήÏÏεÏ
ελεÏ
θεÏία, ÏÏι να είναι αÏλά "
"δημοÏιλÎÏ. ÎÏÏι είÏαμε Ïην ανάγκη να
ÏÏηÏιμοÏοιήÏοÏ
με ÏÏοÏ
Ï Î´Î¹Î±Î½Î¿Î¼Î®Ï ÏοÏ
θα "
"εμÏÏδιζαν Ïη μεÏαÏÏοÏή ενÏÏ GNU λογιÏμικοÏ
Ïε ιδιÏκÏηÏÎ¹Î±ÎºÏ Î»Î¿Î³Î¹ÏμικÏ. Î "
"μÎÎ¸Î¿Î´Î¿Ï ÏοÏ
ÏÏηÏιμοÏοιοÏμε αÏοκαλείÏαι
“copyleft”.(1)"
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"Copyleft uses copyright law, but flips it over to serve the opposite of its "
"usual purpose: instead of a means for restricting a program, it becomes a "
@@ -893,7 +1021,7 @@
"είναι Îνα μÎÏο ÏεÏιοÏιÏÎ¼Î¿Ï ÏοÏ
ÏÏογÏάμμαÏοÏ, γίνεÏαι Îνα μÎÏο για να "
"διαÏηÏηθεί Ïο ÏÏÏγÏαμμα ελεÏθεÏο."
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"The central idea of copyleft is that we give everyone permission to run the "
"program, copy the program, modify the program, and distribute modified "
@@ -908,7 +1036,7 @@
"λογιÏμικό” είναι εγγÏ
ημÎÎ½ÎµÏ ÏÏον
καθÎνα ÏοÏ
ÎÏει Îνα ανÏίγÏαÏοΠ"
"γίνονÏαι αναÏÏÏÏαÏÏα δικαιÏμαÏα."
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"For an effective copyleft, modified versions must also be free. This "
"ensures that work based on ours becomes available to our community if it is "
@@ -925,7 +1053,7 @@
"μοιÏαÏÏείÏε αÏ
ÏÎÏ ÏÎ¹Ï Î±Î»Î»Î±Î³ÎÏ, εÏειδή θα
ÏÎ¹Ï ÏÏηÏιμοÏοιήÏοÏ
με για να "
"καÏαÏκεÏ
άÏοÏ
με Ïη δική Î¼Î±Ï Î¹Î´Î¹Î¿ÎºÏηÏιακή
ÎκδοÏη ÏοÏ
ÏÏογÏάμμαÏοÏ.”"
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"The requirement that changes must be free is essential if we want to ensure "
"freedom for every user of the program. The companies that privatized the X "
@@ -943,7 +1071,7 @@
"αÏνηθεί ÎºÎ±Î½ÎµÎ¯Ï ÏÏοÏ
Ï ÏÏήÏÏÎµÏ Ïην ελεÏ
θεÏία, θα ήÏαν εÏκολο για Ïον καθÎνα να "
"εκμεÏαλλεÏ
Ïεί αÏ
Ïή Ïη δικαιολογία."
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"A related issue concerns combining a free program with nonfree code. Such a "
"combination would inevitably be nonfree; whichever freedoms are lacking for "
@@ -963,13 +1091,27 @@
"ÏÎÏοιο ÏÏÏε η μεγαλÏÏεÏη, ÏÏ
νδÏ
αÏμÎνη
ÎκδοÏή ÏοÏ
να είναι εÏίÏÎ·Ï ÎµÎ»ÎµÏθεÏη "
"και copylefted."
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
+# | The specific implementation of copyleft that we use for most GNU software
+# | is the GNU General Public License, or GNU GPL for short. We have other
+# | kinds of copyleft that are used in specific circumstances. GNU manuals
+# | are copylefted also, but use a much simpler kind of copyleft, because the
+# | complexity of the GNU GPL is not necessary for [-manuals.(2)-]
+# | {+manuals. <a href=\"#ft4\">[4]</a>+}
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "The specific implementation of copyleft that we use for most GNU software "
+#| "is the GNU General Public License, or GNU GPL for short. We have other "
+#| "kinds of copyleft that are used in specific circumstances. GNU manuals "
+#| "are copylefted also, but use a much simpler kind of copyleft, because the "
+#| "complexity of the GNU GPL is not necessary for manuals.(2)"
msgid ""
"The specific implementation of copyleft that we use for most GNU software is "
"the GNU General Public License, or GNU GPL for short. We have other kinds "
"of copyleft that are used in specific circumstances. GNU manuals are "
"copylefted also, but use a much simpler kind of copyleft, because the "
-"complexity of the GNU GPL is not necessary for manuals.(2)"
+"complexity of the GNU GPL is not necessary for manuals. <a href="
+"\"#ft4\">[4]</a>"
msgstr ""
"Î ÏÏ
γκεκÏιμÎνη Ï
λοÏοίηÏη ÏοÏ
copyleft ÏοÏ
ÏÏηÏιμοÏοιοÏμε για Ïην ÏλειοÏηÏία "
"ÏοÏ
GNU λογιÏÎ¼Î¹ÎºÎ¿Ï ÎµÎ¯Î½Î±Î¹ η Îενική Îδεια
ÎημÏÏÎ¹Î±Ï Î§ÏήÏÎ·Ï GNU, á½µ ÎÎÎΧ GNU (GNU "
@@ -978,37 +1120,34 @@
"αλλά ÏÏηÏιμοÏοιοÏν Îνα καÏά ÏολÏ
αÏλοÏÏÏεÏο ÎµÎ¯Î´Î¿Ï copyleft, εÏειδή η "
"ÏολÏ
ÏλοκÏÏηÏα ÏÎ·Ï ÎÎÎΧ GNU δεν είναι
αναγκαία για Ïα εγÏειÏίδια.(2)"
-#. type: Content of: <p>
-msgid ""
-"(1) In 1984 or 1985, Don Hopkins (a very imaginative fellow) mailed me a "
-"letter. On the envelope he had written several amusing sayings, including "
-"this one: “Copyleft—all rights reversed.” I used the word "
-"“copyleft” to name the distribution concept I was developing at "
-"the time."
-msgstr ""
-"(1) Το 1984 ή 1985, ο Don Hopkins (ÎÎ½Î±Ï ÏÎ¿Î»Ï ÎµÏεÏ
ÏεÏικÏÏ ÏÏ
νεÏγάÏηÏ) μοÏ
"
-"ÏαÏÏ
δÏÏμηÏε Îνα γÏάμμα. ΣÏον Ïάκελο
ÎγÏαÏε ÏολλÎÏ ÏÏ
ÏαγÏγικÎÏ ÎºÎ¿Ï
βÎνÏεÏ, "
-"ÏÏ
μÏεÏιλαμβανομÎÎ½Î·Ï ÏÎ·Ï ÏαÏακάÏÏ:
“Copyleft—all rights reserved."
-"” ΧÏηÏιμοÏοίηÏα Ïη λÎξη“copyleft” για
να ονομάÏÏ Ïο ÏÏÎδιο "
-"Î´Î¹Î±Î½Î¿Î¼Î®Ï Î»Î¿Î³Î¹ÏÎ¼Î¹ÎºÎ¿Ï ÏοÏ
δημιοÏ
ÏγοÏÏα
εκείνο Ïον καιÏÏ."
-
-#. type: Content of: <p>
-msgid ""
-"(2) We now use the <a href=\"/licenses/fdl.html\">GNU Free Documentation "
-"License</a> for documentation."
-msgstr ""
-"(2) Πλέον ÏÏηÏιμοÏοιούμε Ïην <a
href=\"/licenses/fdl.html\">Îδεια ÎλεύθεÏÎ·Ï "
-"ΤεκμηÏá½·ÏÏÎ·Ï GNU</a> για ÎÏγα ÏεκμηÏá½·ÏÏηÏ."
-
-#. type: Content of: <h3>
+#. type: Content of: <div><h3>
msgid "The Free Software Foundation"
msgstr "Το ÎδÏÏ
μα ÎλεÏθεÏοÏ
ÎογιÏμικοÏ"
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
+# | As interest in using Emacs was growing, other people became involved in
+# | the GNU project, and we decided that it was time to seek funding once
+# | again. So in 1985 we created the <a
+# | href=\"http{+s+}://www.fsf.org/\">Free Software Foundation</a> (FSF), a
+# | tax-exempt charity for free software development. The <abbr title=\"Free
+# | Software Foundation\">FSF</abbr> also took over the Emacs tape
+# | distribution business; later it extended this by adding other free
+# | software (both GNU and non-GNU) to the tape, and by selling free manuals
+# | as well.
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "As interest in using Emacs was growing, other people became involved in "
+#| "the GNU project, and we decided that it was time to seek funding once "
+#| "again. So in 1985 we created the <a href=\"http://www.fsf.org/\";>Free "
+#| "Software Foundation</a> (FSF), a tax-exempt charity for free software "
+#| "development. The <abbr title=\"Free Software Foundation\">FSF</abbr> "
+#| "also took over the Emacs tape distribution business; later it extended "
+#| "this by adding other free software (both GNU and non-GNU) to the tape, "
+#| "and by selling free manuals as well."
msgid ""
"As interest in using Emacs was growing, other people became involved in the "
"GNU project, and we decided that it was time to seek funding once again. So "
-"in 1985 we created the <a href=\"http://www.fsf.org/\";>Free Software "
+"in 1985 we created the <a href=\"https://www.fsf.org/\";>Free Software "
"Foundation</a> (FSF), a tax-exempt charity for free software development. "
"The <abbr title=\"Free Software Foundation\">FSF</abbr> also took over the "
"Emacs tape distribution business; later it extended this by adding other "
@@ -1025,16 +1164,37 @@
"Ïην εÏÎκÏεινε ÏÏοÏθÎÏονÏÎ±Ï ÎºÎ¹ άλλο
ελεÏθεÏο λογιÏÎ¼Î¹ÎºÏ (GNU και μη-GNU "
"εÏίÏηÏ) ÏÏη Ïαινία, αλλά και ÏοÏ
λÏνÏαÏ
ελεÏθεÏα εγÏειÏίδια εÏίÏηÏ."
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
+# | Most of the FSF's income used to come from sales of copies of free
+# | software and of other related services (CD-ROMs of source code, CD-ROMs
+# | with binaries, nicely printed manuals, all with the freedom to
+# | redistribute and modify), and Deluxe Distributions (distributions for
+# | which we built the whole collection of software for the customer's choice
+# | of platform). Today the FSF still <a href=\"http{+s+}://shop.fsf.org/\">
+# | sells manuals and other gear</a>, but it gets the bulk of its funding from
+# | members' dues. You can join the FSF at <a
+# | [-href=\"http://fsf.org/join\";>fsf.org</a>.-]
+# | {+href=\"https://my.fsf.org/join\";>fsf.org</a>.+}
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "Most of the FSF's income used to come from sales of copies of free "
+#| "software and of other related services (CD-ROMs of source code, CD-ROMs "
+#| "with binaries, nicely printed manuals, all with the freedom to "
+#| "redistribute and modify), and Deluxe Distributions (distributions for "
+#| "which we built the whole collection of software for the customer's choice "
+#| "of platform). Today the FSF still <a href=\"http://shop.fsf.org/\";> "
+#| "sells manuals and other gear</a>, but it gets the bulk of its funding "
+#| "from members' dues. You can join the FSF at <a href=\"http://fsf.org/join";
+#| "\">fsf.org</a>."
msgid ""
"Most of the FSF's income used to come from sales of copies of free software "
"and of other related services (CD-ROMs of source code, CD-ROMs with "
"binaries, nicely printed manuals, all with the freedom to redistribute and "
"modify), and Deluxe Distributions (distributions for which we built the "
"whole collection of software for the customer's choice of platform). Today "
-"the FSF still <a href=\"http://shop.fsf.org/\";> sells manuals and other "
+"the FSF still <a href=\"https://shop.fsf.org/\";> sells manuals and other "
"gear</a>, but it gets the bulk of its funding from members' dues. You can "
-"join the FSF at <a href=\"http://fsf.org/join\";>fsf.org</a>."
+"join the FSF at <a href=\"https://my.fsf.org/join\";>fsf.org</a>."
msgstr ""
"ΠαλαιÏÏεÏα, Ïα ÏεÏιÏÏÏÏεÏα ÎÏοδα ÏοÏ
ÎÎÎ
ÏÏοÎÏÏονÏαν αÏÏ ÏÏλήÏÎµÎ¹Ï Î±Î½ÏιγÏάÏÏν "
"ελεÏθεÏοÏ
λογιÏÎ¼Î¹ÎºÎ¿Ï ÎºÎ±Î¹ Î¬Î»Î»ÎµÏ ÏÏεÏικÎÏ Ï
ÏηÏεÏίεÏ. (CD-ROM ÏηγαίοÏ
κÏδικα, "
@@ -1046,7 +1206,24 @@
"ÏÏημαοδÏÏηÏÎ®Ï ÏοÏ
αÏÏ ÏÎ¹Ï ÏÏ
νδÏομÎÏ ÏÏν
μελÏν ÏοÏ
. ÎÏοÏείÏε να ÏÏοÏÏÏÏήÏεÏε "
"ÏÏο ÎÎÎ ÏÏο <a href=\"http://fsf.org/join\";>fsf.org</a>."
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
+# | Free Software Foundation employees have written and maintained a number of
+# | GNU software packages. Two notable ones are the C library and the shell.
+# | The GNU C library is what every program running on a GNU/Linux system uses
+# | to communicate with Linux. It was developed by a member of the Free
+# | Software Foundation staff, Roland McGrath. The shell used on most
+# | GNU/Linux systems is <abbr title=\"Bourne Again Shell\">BASH</abbr>, the
+# | Bourne Again [-Shell(1),-] {+SHell <a href=\"#ft5\">[5]</a>,+} which
+# | was developed by FSF employee Brian Fox.
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "Free Software Foundation employees have written and maintained a number "
+#| "of GNU software packages. Two notable ones are the C library and the "
+#| "shell. The GNU C library is what every program running on a GNU/Linux "
+#| "system uses to communicate with Linux. It was developed by a member of "
+#| "the Free Software Foundation staff, Roland McGrath. The shell used on "
+#| "most GNU/Linux systems is <abbr title=\"Bourne Again Shell\">BASH</abbr>, "
+#| "the Bourne Again Shell(1), which was developed by FSF employee Brian Fox."
msgid ""
"Free Software Foundation employees have written and maintained a number of "
"GNU software packages. Two notable ones are the C library and the shell. "
@@ -1054,7 +1231,8 @@
"to communicate with Linux. It was developed by a member of the Free "
"Software Foundation staff, Roland McGrath. The shell used on most GNU/Linux "
"systems is <abbr title=\"Bourne Again Shell\">BASH</abbr>, the Bourne Again "
-"Shell(1), which was developed by FSF employee Brian Fox."
+"SHell <a href=\"#ft5\">[5]</a>, which was developed by FSF employee "
+"Brian Fox."
msgstr ""
"Îι Ï
Ïάλληλοι ÏοÏ
ÎÎÎ ÏÏ
νÎγÏαÏαν και
διαÏήÏηÏαν Îναν αÏÎ¹Î¸Î¼Ï ÏακÎÏÏν "
"λογιÏÎ¼Î¹ÎºÎ¿Ï GNU. ÎÏο αξιοÏημείÏÏα ÏακÎÏα
είναι η βιβλιοθήκη ÏÎ·Ï Î³Î»ÏÏÏÎ±Ï C "
@@ -1065,7 +1243,7 @@
"είναι Ïο <abbr title=\"Bourne Again Shell\">BASH</abbr>, Ïο Bourne
Again "
"Shell(1), Ïο οÏοίο αναÏÏÏÏθηκε αÏÏ Ïον Ï
Ïάλληλο ÏοÏ
ÎÎÎ Brian Fox."
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"We funded development of these programs because the GNU Project was not just "
"about tools or a development environment. Our goal was a complete operating "
@@ -1076,19 +1254,11 @@
"ÏÏÏÏÎ¿Ï Î¼Î±Ï Î®Ïαν Îνα ÏλήÏÎµÏ Î»ÎµÎ¹ÏοÏ
ÏγικÏ
ÏÏÏÏημα και αÏ
Ïά Ïα ÏÏογÏάμμαÏα ήÏαν "
"αÏαÏαίÏηÏα γι' αÏ
ÏÏ Ïο ÏκοÏÏ."
-#. type: Content of: <p>
-msgid ""
-"(1) “Bourne Again Shell” is a play on the name “Bourne "
-"Shell”, which was the usual shell on Unix."
-msgstr ""
-"(1) Το “Bourne Again Shell” είναι Îνα
λογοÏαίγνιο εÏÎ¬Î½Ï ÏÏο "
-"“Bourne Shell”, ÏοÏ
ήÏαν ÏÏÏε Ïο ÏÏ
νηθÎÏÏεÏο κÎλÏ
ÏÎ¿Ï ÏÏο Unix."
-
-#. type: Content of: <h3>
+#. type: Content of: <div><h3>
msgid "Free software support"
msgstr "Î¥ÏοÏÏήÏιξη ελεÏθεÏοÏ
λογιÏμικοÏ"
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"The free software philosophy rejects a specific widespread business "
"practice, but it is not against business. When businesses respect the "
@@ -1099,7 +1269,7 @@
"ÎÏαν οι εÏιÏειÏήÏÎµÎ¹Ï ÏÎβονÏαι Ïην ελεÏ
θεÏία ÏÏν ÏÏηÏÏÏν, ÏοÏ
Ï ÎµÏ
ÏÏμαÏÏε "
"ÏάνÏα εÏιÏÏ
ÏίεÏ."
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"Selling copies of Emacs demonstrates one kind of free software business. "
"When the FSF took over that business, I needed another way to make a "
@@ -1116,7 +1286,7 @@
"ÏÏοÏαÏμÏζει Ïο GCC, καθÏÏ ÎºÎ±Î¹ ανάÏÏÏ
ξη
λογιÏμικοÏ, ÏÏ
νήθÏÏ Î¼ÎµÏαÏοÏά ÏοÏ
GCC "
"Ïε νÎÎµÏ ÏλαÏÏÏÏμεÏ."
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"Today each of these kinds of free software business is practiced by a number "
"of corporations. Some distribute free software collections on CD-ROM; "
@@ -1132,14 +1302,33 @@
"ελεÏθεÏοÏ
λογιÏÎ¼Î¹ÎºÎ¿Ï Î²Î±ÏιζÏÎ¼ÎµÎ½ÎµÏ ÏÏη
δημιοÏ
Ïγία νÎÏν ÏÏοÏÏνÏÏν ελεÏθεÏοÏ
"
"λογιÏμικοÏ."
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
+# | Watch out, though—a number of companies that associate themselves
+# | with the term “open source” actually base their business on
+# | nonfree software that works with free software. These are not free
+# | software companies, they are proprietary software companies whose products
+# | tempt users away from freedom. They call these programs
+# | “value-added [-packages”,-] {+packages,”+} which shows
+# | the values they would like us to adopt: convenience above freedom. If we
+# | value freedom more, we should call them “freedom-subtracted”
+# | packages.
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "Watch out, though—a number of companies that associate themselves "
+#| "with the term “open source” actually base their business on "
+#| "nonfree software that works with free software. These are not free "
+#| "software companies, they are proprietary software companies whose "
+#| "products tempt users away from freedom. They call these programs “"
+#| "value-added packages”, which shows the values they would like us to "
+#| "adopt: convenience above freedom. If we value freedom more, we should "
+#| "call them “freedom-subtracted” packages."
msgid ""
"Watch out, though—a number of companies that associate themselves with "
"the term “open source” actually base their business on nonfree "
"software that works with free software. These are not free software "
"companies, they are proprietary software companies whose products tempt "
"users away from freedom. They call these programs “value-added "
-"packages”, which shows the values they would like us to adopt: "
+"packages,” which shows the values they would like us to adopt: "
"convenience above freedom. If we value freedom more, we should call them "
"“freedom-subtracted” packages."
msgstr ""
@@ -1153,11 +1342,11 @@
"άνεÏη Ï
ÏεÏÎ¬Î½Ï ÏÎ·Ï ÎµÎ»ÎµÏ
θεÏίαÏ. Îάν
αξιολογοÏμε Ïην ελεÏ
θεÏία ÏεÏιÏÏÏÏεÏο, θα "
"ÏÏÎÏει να Ï' αÏοκαλοÏμε ÏακÎÏα
“αÏαιÏοÏÎ¼ÎµÎ½Î·Ï ÎµÎ»ÎµÏ
θεÏίαϔ."
-#. type: Content of: <h3>
+#. type: Content of: <div><h3>
msgid "Technical goals"
msgstr "ΤεÏνικοί ÏÏÏÏοι"
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"The principal goal of GNU is to be free software. Even if GNU had no "
"technical advantage over Unix, it would have a social advantage, allowing "
@@ -1168,7 +1357,7 @@
"κοινÏÎ½Î¹ÎºÏ ÏÏοÏÎÏημα, εÏιÏÏÎÏονÏÎ±Ï ÏÏοÏ
Ï
ÏÏήÏÏÎµÏ Î½Î± ÏÏ
νεÏγαÏÏοÏν, και Îνα "
"Î·Î¸Î¹ÎºÏ ÏÏοÏÎÏημα, Ïο ÏεβαÏÎ¼Ï ÏÎ·Ï ÎµÎ»ÎµÏ
θεÏÎ¯Î±Ï ÏοÏ
ÏÏήÏÏη."
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"But it was natural to apply the known standards of good practice to the "
"work—for example, dynamically allocating data structures to avoid "
@@ -1180,7 +1369,7 @@
"για Ïην αÏοÏÏ
γή αÏ
θαίÏεÏÏν οÏίÏν ÏÏαθεÏοÏ
μεγÎθοÏ
Ï, καθÏÏ ÎºÎ±Î¹ Ïη διαÏείÏιÏη "
"ÏλÏν ÏÏν ÏιθανÏν κÏδικÏν 8 δÏ
αδικÏν ÏηÏίÏν
ÏÏοÏε αÏ
ÏÏ ÎµÎ¯Ïε νÏημα."
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"In addition, we rejected the Unix focus on small memory size, by deciding "
"not to support 16-bit machines (it was clear that 32-bit machines would be "
@@ -1200,7 +1389,7 @@
"να ÏαÏÏνοÏ
ν Ïα ÏεÏιεÏÏμενά ÏοÏ
, δίÏÏÏ Î½'
ανηÏÏ
ÏοÏν για Ïην είÏοδο/Îξοδο (I/"
"O)."
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"These decisions enabled many GNU programs to surpass their Unix counterparts "
"in reliability and speed."
@@ -1208,11 +1397,11 @@
"ÎÏ
ÏÎÏ Î¿Î¹ αÏοÏάÏÎµÎ¹Ï Îκαναν ικανά Ïολλά GNU
ÏÏογÏάμμαÏα να ξεÏεÏάÏοÏ
ν Ïα "
"ανÏίÏÏοιÏα ÏοÏ
Unix Ïε αξιοÏιÏÏία και
ÏαÏÏÏηÏα."
-#. type: Content of: <h3>
+#. type: Content of: <div><h3>
msgid "Donated computers"
msgstr "ÎÏÏεÎÏ Ï
ÏολογιÏÏÏν"
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"As the GNU Project's reputation grew, people began offering to donate "
"machines running Unix to the project. These were very useful, because the "
@@ -1227,7 +1416,7 @@
"αÏ
ÏÎ¿Ï ÏοÏ
ÏÏ
ÏÏήμαÏÎ¿Ï Îνα ÏÏÎ¿Ï Îνα. ÎθεÏαν
ÏμÏÏ Îνα Î·Î¸Î¹ÎºÏ Î¶Î®Ïημα: αν ήÏαν "
"ÏÏÏÏÏ Î³Î¹Î± ÎµÎ¼Î¬Ï Î½Î± ÎÏοÏ
με ανÏίγÏαÏα ÏοÏ
Unix."
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"Unix was (and is) proprietary software, and the GNU Project's philosophy "
"said that we should not use proprietary software. But, applying the same "
@@ -1244,7 +1433,7 @@
"αναÏÏÏξοÏ
με μια ελεÏθεÏη ανÏικαÏάÏÏαÏη
ÏοÏ
θα βοηθοÏÏε ÏοÏ
Ï Î¬Î»Î»Î¿Ï
Ï Î½Î± "
"ÏÏαμαÏήÏοÏ
ν να ÏÏηÏιμοÏοιοÏν Ïο
ιδιοκÏηÏÎ¹Î±ÎºÏ ÏακÎÏο."
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"But, even if this was a justifiable evil, it was still an evil. Today we no "
"longer have any copies of Unix, because we have replaced them with free "
@@ -1257,11 +1446,11 @@
"λειÏοÏ
ÏÎ³Î¹ÎºÏ ÏÏÏÏημα Î¼Î¹Î±Ï Î¼Î·ÏÎ±Î½Î®Ï Î¼Îµ Îνα
ελεÏθεÏο, αλλάζαμε Ïην ίδια Ïη "
"μηÏανή."
-#. type: Content of: <h3>
+#. type: Content of: <div><h3>
msgid "The GNU Task List"
msgstr "ΠλίÏÏα εÏγαÏιÏν ÏοÏ
GNU"
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"As the GNU Project proceeded, and increasing numbers of system components "
"were found or developed, eventually it became useful to make a list of the "
@@ -1280,13 +1469,27 @@
"ÎÏγα ÏεκμηÏίÏÏηÏ, ÏοÏ
ÏιÏÏεÏαμε ÏÏι
ÎÏÏεÏε να ÎÏει Îνα ÏÏαγμαÏικά ÏλήÏÎµÏ "
"ÏÏÏÏημα."
-#. type: Content of: <p>
-msgid ""
-"Today (1), hardly any Unix components are left in the GNU Task List—"
-"those jobs had been done, aside from a few inessential ones. But the list "
-"is full of projects that some might call “applications”. Any "
-"program that appeals to more than a narrow class of users would be a useful "
-"thing to add to an operating system."
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
+# | [-Today (1),-]{+Today <a href=\"#ft6\">[6]</a>,+} hardly any Unix
+# | components are left in the GNU Task List—those jobs had been done,
+# | aside from a few inessential ones. But the list is full of projects that
+# | some might call [-“applications”.-]
+# | {+“applications.”+} Any program that appeals to more than a
+# | narrow class of users would be a useful thing to add to an operating
+# | system.
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "Today (1), hardly any Unix components are left in the GNU Task List—"
+#| "those jobs had been done, aside from a few inessential ones. But the "
+#| "list is full of projects that some might call “"
+#| "applications”. Any program that appeals to more than a narrow "
+#| "class of users would be a useful thing to add to an operating system."
+msgid ""
+"Today <a href=\"#ft6\">[6]</a>, hardly any Unix components are left in "
+"the GNU Task List—those jobs had been done, aside from a few "
+"inessential ones. But the list is full of projects that some might call "
+"“applications.” Any program that appeals to more than a narrow "
+"class of users would be a useful thing to add to an operating system."
msgstr ""
"ΣήμεÏα, ÏÏεδÏν κανÎνα ÏÏ
ÏÏαÏÎ¹ÎºÏ ÏοÏ
Unix δεν
ÎÏει αÏομείνει ÏÏη λίÏÏα "
"εÏγαÏιÏν ÏοÏ
GNU—αÏ
ÏÎÏ Î¿Î¹ δοÏ
λειÎÏ ÎÏοÏ
ν
ολοκληÏÏθεί, εκÏÏÏ Î±ÏÏ "
@@ -1295,7 +1498,7 @@
"ÏεÏιÏÏÏÏεÏο αÏÏ Î¼Î¹Î± ÏÏενή Ïάξη ÏÏηÏÏÏν θα
ήÏαν Îνα ÏÏήÏιμο ÏÏάγμα για να "
"ÏÏοÏÏεθεί Ï' Îνα λειÏοÏ
ÏÎ³Î¹ÎºÏ ÏÏÏÏημα."
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"Even games are included in the task list—and have been since the "
"beginning. Unix included games, so naturally GNU should too. But "
@@ -1310,34 +1513,31 @@
"ÎνÏίθεÏα, δημιοÏ
ÏγήÏαμε μια λίÏÏα με
Ïοικιλία διαÏοÏεÏικÏν ειδÏν ÏαιÏνιδιÏν "
"ÏοÏ
ίÏÏÏ Î±ÏÎÏοÏ
ν ÏÏοÏ
Ï ÏÏήÏÏεÏ."
-#. type: Content of: <p>
-msgid ""
-"(1) That was written in 1998. In 2009 we no longer maintain a long task "
-"list. The community develops free software so fast that we can't even keep "
-"track of it all. Instead, we have a list of High Priority Projects, a much "
-"shorter list of projects we really want to encourage people to write."
-msgstr ""
-"(1) ÎÏ
ÏÏ Î³ÏάÏÏηκε Ïο 1998. Το 2009 δεν
διαÏηÏοÏμε Ïια μια μακÏιά λίÏÏα "
-"ενεÏγειÏν. ΠκοινÏÏηÏα αναÏÏÏÏÏει
ελεÏθεÏο λογιÏÎ¼Î¹ÎºÏ ÏÏÏο γÏήγοÏα ÏοÏ
δεν "
-"μÏοÏοÏμε οÏÏε καν να Ïο καÏαγÏάÏοÏ
με ÏÏην
ολÏÏηÏά ÏοÏ
. ÎνÏιθÎÏÏÏ, ÎÏοÏ
με "
-"μια λίÏÏα ÎÏγÏν Î¥ÏÎ·Î»Î®Ï Î ÏοÏεÏαιÏÏηÏαÏ,
μια ÏÎ¿Î»Ï Î¼Î¹ÎºÏÏÏεÏη λίÏÏα ÎÏγÏν ÏοÏ
"
-"ÏÏαγμαÏικά θÎλοÏ
με να ενθαÏÏÏνοÏ
με ÏοÏ
Ï
ανθÏÏÏοÏ
Ï Î½Î± γÏάÏοÏ
ν."
-
-#. type: Content of: <h3>
+#. type: Content of: <div><h3>
msgid "The GNU Library GPL"
msgstr "Î ÎÎÎΧ ÎÎ¹Î²Î»Î¹Î¿Î¸Î®ÎºÎ·Ï GNU (GNU LGPL)"
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
+# | The GNU C library uses a special kind of copyleft called the GNU Library
+# | General Public [-License(1),-] {+License <a href=\"#ft7\">[7]</a>,+}
+# | which gives permission to link proprietary software with the library. Why
+# | make this exception?
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "The GNU C library uses a special kind of copyleft called the GNU Library "
+#| "General Public License(1), which gives permission to link proprietary "
+#| "software with the library. Why make this exception?"
msgid ""
"The GNU C library uses a special kind of copyleft called the GNU Library "
-"General Public License(1), which gives permission to link proprietary "
-"software with the library. Why make this exception?"
+"General Public License <a href=\"#ft7\">[7]</a>, which gives "
+"permission to link proprietary software with the library. Why make this "
+"exception?"
msgstr ""
"Î GNU βιβλιοθήκη ÏÎ·Ï C ÏÏηÏιμοÏοιεί Îνα
ÎµÎ¹Î´Î¹ÎºÏ ÎµÎ¯Î´Î¿Ï copyleft ÏοÏ
ονομάζεÏαι "
"Îενική Îδεια ÎημÏÏÎ¹Î±Ï Î§ÏήÏηÏ
ÎιβλιοθήκηÏ(1), Ïο οÏοίο εÏιÏÏÎÏει Ïη
ÏÏνδεÏη "
"ιδιοκÏηÏÎ¹Î±ÎºÎ¿Ï Î»Î¿Î³Î¹ÏÎ¼Î¹ÎºÎ¿Ï Î¼Îµ Ïη
βιβλιοθήκη. ÎιαÏί κάνοÏ
με αÏ
Ïή Ïην
εξαίÏεÏη;"
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"It is not a matter of principle; there is no principle that says proprietary "
"software products are entitled to include our code. (Why contribute to a "
@@ -1350,7 +1550,7 @@
"διαμοιÏαÏÎ¼Î¿Ï Î¼Î±Î¶Î¯ μαÏ;) Î ÏÏήÏη ÏÎ·Ï ÎÎÎΧÎ
GNU για Ïη βιβλιοθήκη ÏÎ·Ï C, ή "
"για οÏοιαδήÏοÏε άλλη βιβλιοθήκη, είναι
ζήÏημα ÏÏÏαÏηγικήÏ."
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"The C library does a generic job; every proprietary system or compiler comes "
"with a C library. Therefore, to make our C library available only to free "
@@ -1363,7 +1563,7 @@
"κάÏοιο ÏλεονÎκÏημα ÏÏο ελεÏθεÏο
λογιÏμικϗαλλά μÏνο θα αÏοθάÏÏÏ
νε ÏÎ·Ï "
"ÏÏήÏη ÏÎ·Ï Î²Î¹Î²Î»Î¹Î¿Î¸Î®ÎºÎ·Ï Î¼Î±Ï."
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"One system is an exception to this: on the GNU system (and this includes GNU/"
"Linux), the GNU C library is the only C library. So the distribution terms "
@@ -1385,7 +1585,7 @@
"ελεÏθεÏÏν εÏαÏμογÏν. Îια ÏοÏ
Ï ÏαÏαÏάνÏ
λÏγοÏ
Ï, η ÏÏήÏη ÏÎ·Ï ÎÎÎΧ ÎÎ¹Î²Î»Î¹Î¿Î¸Î®ÎºÎ·Ï "
"GNU είναι μια καλή ÏÏÏαÏηγική για Ïη
βιβλιοθήκη ÏÎ·Ï C."
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"For other libraries, the strategic decision needs to be considered on a case-"
"by-case basis. When a library does a special job that can help write "
@@ -1401,7 +1601,7 @@
"ελεÏθεÏοÏ
λογιÏμικοÏ, δίνονÏÎ±Ï ÏοÏ
Ï Îνα
ÏλεονÎκÏημα αÏÎνανÏι ÏÏο "
"ιδιοκÏηÏÎ¹Î±ÎºÏ Î»Î¿Î³Î¹ÏμικÏ."
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"Consider GNU Readline, a library that was developed to provide command-line "
"editing for BASH. Readline is released under the ordinary GNU GPL, not the "
@@ -1418,7 +1618,7 @@
"λογιÏÎ¼Î¹ÎºÏ ÏÏοκειμÎνοÏ
να μÏοÏÎÏει να
ÏÏηÏιμοÏοιήÏει Ïη Readline, κι αÏ
ÏÏ "
"είναι Î±Î»Î·Î¸Î¹Î½Ï ÏÏÎµÎ»Î¿Ï Î³Î¹Î± Ïην κοινÏÏηÏα."
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"Proprietary software developers have the advantages money provides; free "
"software developers need to make advantages for each other. I hope some day "
@@ -1436,25 +1636,11 @@
"θεμÎλιοι λίθοι Ïε νÎο ελεÏθεÏο λογιÏμικÏ
και θα ÏÏ
νειÏÏÎÏοÏ
ν ÏÏη δημιοÏ
Ïγία "
"ενÏÏ ÏημανÏÎ¹ÎºÎ¿Ï ÏλεονεκÏήμαÏÎ¿Ï Î³Î¹Î±
ÏεÏαιÏÎÏÏ Î±Î½Î¬ÏÏÏ
ξη ελεÏθεÏοÏ
λογιÏμικοÏ."
-#. type: Content of: <p>
-msgid ""
-"(1) This license is now called the GNU Lesser General Public License, to "
-"avoid giving the idea that all libraries ought to use it. See <a href=\"/"
-"philosophy/why-not-lgpl.html\">Why you shouldn't use the Lesser GPL for your "
-"next library</a> for more information."
-msgstr ""
-"(1) ÎÏ
Ïá½µ η άδεια Ïλέον ονομάζεÏαι ÎλάÏÏÏν
Îενική Îδεια ÎημÏÏÎ¹Î±Ï Î§ÏήÏÎ·Ï GNU "
-"(GNU Lesser General Public License), á½½ÏÏε να μη δημιοÏ
Ïγεί Ïην ενÏá½»ÏÏÏη á½¹Ïι "
-"á½¹Î»ÎµÏ Î¿Î¹ ελεύθεÏÎµÏ Î²Î¹Î²Î»Î¹Î¿Î¸á½µÎºÎµÏ Î¿ÏείλοÏ
ν
να Ïη ÏÏηÏιμοÏοιούν. ÎείÏε Ïο <a "
-"href=\"/philosophy/why-not-lgpl.html\">ÎιαÏί δεν ÏÏÎÏει να
ÏÏηÏιμοÏοιήÏεÏε "
-"Ïην ÎλάÏÏÏν GPL για Ïην εÏÏμενή ÏαÏ
βιβλιοθήκη</a> για ÏεÏιÏÏÏÏεÏÎµÏ "
-"ÏληÏοÏοÏίεÏ."
-
-#. type: Content of: <h3>
+#. type: Content of: <div><h3>
msgid "Scratching an itch?"
msgstr "ΨαÏοÏ
λεÏονÏÎ±Ï Î¼Î¹Î± ÏαγοÏÏα;"
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"Eric Raymond says that “Every good work of software starts by "
"scratching a developer's personal itch.” Maybe that happens sometimes, "
@@ -1469,7 +1655,7 @@
"λειÏοÏ
ÏÎ³Î¹ÎºÏ ÏÏÏÏημα. Î ÏοÎÏÏονÏαι αÏÏ Îνα
ÏÏαμα κι Îνα ÏÏεδιαÏμÏ, ÏÏι αÏÏ "
"αÏ
θÏÏμηÏη διάθεÏη."
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"For example, we developed the GNU C library because a Unix-like system needs "
"a C library, BASH because a Unix-like system needs a shell, and GNU tar "
@@ -1483,7 +1669,7 @@
"ÏÏογÏάμμαÏα—Ïο GNU μεÏαγλÏÏÏιÏÏή ÏÎ·Ï C,
Ïο GNU Emacs, Ïο GDB και Ïο "
"GNU Make."
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"Some GNU programs were developed to cope with specific threats to our "
"freedom. Thus, we developed gzip to replace the Compress program, which had "
@@ -1507,7 +1693,7 @@
"ελεÏθεÏο λογιÏÎ¼Î¹ÎºÏ ÎºÏÏ
ÏÏογÏάÏηÏηÏ,
εÏειδή οι ÏÏήÏÏÎµÏ Î´ÎµÎ½ ÏÏÎÏει να ÎÏοÏ
ν να "
"διαλÎξοÏ
ν μεÏÎ±Î¾Ï Î¹Î´Î¹ÏÏικÏÏηÏÎ±Ï ÎºÎ±Î¹ ελεÏ
θεÏίαÏ."
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"Of course, the people writing these programs became interested in the work, "
"and many features were added to them by various people for the sake of their "
@@ -1518,11 +1704,11 @@
"κÏÏμο για Ïην εξÏ
ÏηÏÎÏηÏη ÏÏν αναγκÏν και
ÏÏν ενδιαÏεÏÏνÏÏν ÏοÏ
Ï. ΩÏÏÏÏο "
"δεν είναι γι' αÏ
ÏÏ Ïο λÏγο ÏοÏ
Ï
ÏάÏÏοÏ
ν Ïα
ÏÏογÏάμμαÏα."
-#. type: Content of: <h3>
+#. type: Content of: <div><h3>
msgid "Unexpected developments"
msgstr "ÎÏÏοÏδÏκηÏÎµÏ ÎµÎ¾ÎµÎ»Î¯Î¾ÎµÎ¹Ï"
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"At the beginning of the GNU Project, I imagined that we would develop the "
"whole GNU system, then release it as a whole. That is not how it happened."
@@ -1531,7 +1717,7 @@
"GNU ÏÏÏÏημα και μεÏά θα Ïο διανείμαμε Ïαν
Îνα ενιαίο ÏÏνολο. Îεν ÏÏ
νÎβη "
"ÏμÏÏ ÎÏÏι."
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"Since each component of the GNU system was implemented on a Unix system, "
"each component could run on Unix systems long before a complete GNU system "
@@ -1546,7 +1732,7 @@
"μεÏαÏÎÏοÏ
ν Ïε Î¬Î»Î»ÎµÏ ÏλαÏÏÏÏμεϗÏÏιÏ
ÏÎ¿Î¹ÎºÎ¯Î»ÎµÏ Î±ÏÏμβαÏÎµÏ ÎµÎºÎ´ÏÏÎµÎ¹Ï ÏοÏ
"
"Unix, και μεÏικÎÏ ÏοÏÎÏ Ïε άλλα ÏÏ
ÏÏήμαÏα
εÏίÏηÏ."
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"The process made these programs much more powerful, and attracted both funds "
"and contributors to the GNU Project. But it probably also delayed "
@@ -1563,11 +1749,11 @@
"Ï
ÏάÏÏονÏα ÏÏ
ÏÏαÏικά, ανÏί ÏοÏ
να
ÏÏοÏÏÏήÏοÏ
ν ÏÏη ÏÏ
γγÏαÏή ÏοÏ
ενÏÏ Î¼Î· "
"Ï
ÏάÏÏονÏÎ¿Ï ÏÏ
ÏÏαÏÎ¹ÎºÎ¿Ï Î¼ÎµÏά Ïο άλλο."
-#. type: Content of: <h3>
+#. type: Content of: <div><h3>
msgid "The GNU Hurd"
msgstr "Το GNU Hurd"
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"By 1990, the GNU system was almost complete; the only major missing "
"component was the kernel. We had decided to implement our kernel as a "
@@ -1588,7 +1774,7 @@
"ξεκίνημα ÏÎ·Ï Î±Î½Î¬ÏÏÏ
Î¾Î·Ï ÎºÎ±Î¸Ï
ÏÏÎÏηÏε, καθÏÏ
ÏεÏιμÎναμε Ïον Mach να διανεμηθεί "
"ÏÏ ÎµÎ»ÎµÏθεÏο λογιÏμικÏ, ÏÏÏÏ ÎµÎ¯Ïε Ï
ÏοÏÏεθεί."
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"One reason for choosing this design was to avoid what seemed to be the "
"hardest part of the job: debugging a kernel program without a source-level "
@@ -1609,11 +1795,11 @@
"ÏÎ¿Î»Ï Î´ÏÏκολο ν' αÏοÏÏαλμαÏÏθοÏν.
ΧÏειάÏÏηκε ÏÏοÏÏάθεια ÏολλÏν ÏÏÏνÏν για να
"
"κάνοÏ
με Ïο Hurd να λειÏοÏ
Ïγεί ÏÏαθεÏά."
-#. type: Content of: <h3>
+#. type: Content of: <div><h3>
msgid "Alix"
msgstr "Alix"
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"The GNU kernel was not originally supposed to be called the Hurd. Its "
"original name was Alix—named after the woman who was my sweetheart at "
@@ -1631,7 +1817,7 @@
"Ïνομα μοÏ
.” Îεν είÏα ÏίÏοÏα, αλλά είÏα
αÏοÏαÏίÏει να ÏÎ·Ï ÎºÎ¬Î½Ï ÎκÏληξη "
"με Îναν ÏÏ
Ïήνα ÏοÏ
θα λÎγεÏαι Alix."
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"It did not stay that way. Michael (now Thomas) Bushnell, the main developer "
"of the kernel, preferred the name Hurd, and redefined Alix to refer to a "
@@ -1644,7 +1830,7 @@
"ÏοÏ
οÏοίοÏ
ÏκοÏÏÏ ÏοÏ
ήÏαν να ÏαγιδεÏει
και να διαÏειÏίζεÏαι ÏÎ»ÎµÏ ÏÎ¹Ï "
"κλήÏÎµÎ¹Ï ÏοÏ
ÏÏ
ÏÏήμαÏοÏ, ÏÏÎλνονÏαÏ
μηνÏμαÏα ÏÏοÏ
Ï Î´Î¹Î±ÎºÎ¿Î¼Î¹ÏÏá½³Ï ÏοÏ
Hurd."
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"Later, Alix and I broke up, and she changed her name; independently, the "
"Hurd design was changed so that the C library would send messages directly "
@@ -1655,7 +1841,7 @@
"μÏοÏεί να ÏÏÎλνει μηνÏμαÏα αÏεÏ
Î¸ÎµÎ¯Î±Ï ÏÏοÏ
Ï Î´Î¹Î±ÎºÎ¿Î¼Î¹ÏÏÎÏ, κι αÏ
ÏÏ Îκανε Ïο "
"ÏÏ
ÏÏαÏÎ¹ÎºÏ Alix να εξαÏανιÏÏεί αÏÏ Ïην Ïλη
ÏÏεδίαÏη."
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"But before these things happened, a friend of hers came across the name Alix "
"in the Hurd source code, and mentioned it to her. So she did have the "
@@ -1665,11 +1851,11 @@
"Ïηγαίο κÏδικα ÏοÏ
Hurd, και ÏÎ·Ï Ïο ανÎÏεÏε.
ÎÏÏι είÏε Ïην εÏ
καιÏία να βÏει "
"Îναν ÏÏ
Ïήνα με Ïο Ïνομά ÏηÏ."
-#. type: Content of: <h3>
+#. type: Content of: <div><h3>
msgid "Linux and GNU/Linux"
msgstr "Linux και GNU/Linux"
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"The GNU Hurd is not suitable for production use, and we don't know if it "
"ever will be. The capability-based design has problems that result directly "
@@ -1681,7 +1867,7 @@
"δημιοÏ
ÏγοÏνÏαι αÏεÏ
Î¸ÎµÎ¯Î±Ï Î±ÏÏ Ïην εÏ
ελιξία ÏÎ·Ï ÏÏεδίαÏηÏ, και δεν είναι "
"ξεκάθαÏο αν Ï
ÏάÏÏοÏ
ν λÏÏÎµÎ¹Ï Ï' αÏ
Ïά."
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"Fortunately, another kernel is available. In 1991, Linus Torvalds developed "
"a Unix-compatible kernel and called it Linux. It was proprietary at first, "
@@ -1698,12 +1884,26 @@
"ÏημανÏική δοÏ
λειά αÏÏ Î¼ÏÎ½Î¿Ï ÏοÏ
). ΣÏο Linux
οÏείλεÏαι Ïο ÏÏι μÏοÏοÏμε και "
"ÏÏαγμαÏικά ÏÏÎÏοÏ
με μια ÎκδοÏη ÏοÏ
ÏÏ
ÏÏήμαÏÎ¿Ï GNU ÏήμεÏα."
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
+# | We call this system version <a href=\"/gnu/linux-and-gnu.html\">
+# | GNU/Linux</a>, to express its composition as a combination of the GNU
+# | system with Linux as the kernel. Please don't fall into the practice of
+# | calling the whole system [-“Linux”,-] {+“Linux,”+}
+# | since that means attributing our work to someone else. Please <a
+# | href=\"/gnu/gnu-linux-faq.html\"> give us equal mention</a>.
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "We call this system version <a href=\"/gnu/linux-and-gnu.html\"> GNU/"
+#| "Linux</a>, to express its composition as a combination of the GNU system "
+#| "with Linux as the kernel. Please don't fall into the practice of calling "
+#| "the whole system “Linux”, since that means attributing our "
+#| "work to someone else. Please <a href=\"/gnu/gnu-linux-faq.html\"> give "
+#| "us equal mention</a>."
msgid ""
"We call this system version <a href=\"/gnu/linux-and-gnu.html\"> GNU/Linux</"
"a>, to express its composition as a combination of the GNU system with Linux "
"as the kernel. Please don't fall into the practice of calling the whole "
-"system “Linux”, since that means attributing our work to someone "
+"system “Linux,” since that means attributing our work to someone "
"else. Please <a href=\"/gnu/gnu-linux-faq.html\"> give us equal mention</a>."
msgstr ""
"ÎÏοκαλοÏμε αÏ
Ïή Ïην ÎκδοÏη ÏοÏ
ÏÏ
ÏÏήμαÏοÏ
<a href=\"/gnu/linux-and-gnu.html"
@@ -1714,11 +1914,11 @@
"ΠαÏακαλοÏμε <a href=\"/gnu/gnu-linux-faq.html\"> δÏÏÏε μαÏ
ιÏÏÏιμη αναÏοÏά</"
"a>."
-#. type: Content of: <h3>
+#. type: Content of: <div><h3>
msgid "Challenges in our future"
msgstr "Î ÏοκλήÏÎµÎ¹Ï ÏÏο μÎλλον μαÏ"
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"We have proved our ability to develop a broad spectrum of free software. "
"This does not mean we are invincible and unstoppable. Several challenges "
@@ -1736,15 +1936,15 @@
"ÏÏοÏ
οι άνθÏÏÏοι ÏÏοβάλοÏ
ν ÏÏαν εκÏιμοÏν
Ïην ελεÏ
θεÏία ÏοÏ
Ï ÎºÎ±Î¹ δεν αÏήνοÏ
ν "
"κάÏοιον να ÏοÏ
Ï Ïην ÏάÏει."
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid "The following four sections discuss these challenges."
msgstr "Îι ακÏλοÏ
θοι ÏÎÏÏεÏÎ¹Ï ÏÎ¿Î¼ÎµÎ¯Ï Î±Î½Î±ÏÎÏοÏ
ν αÏ
ÏÎÏ ÏÎ¹Ï ÏÏοκλήÏειÏ."
-#. type: Content of: <h3>
+#. type: Content of: <div><h3>
msgid "Secret hardware"
msgstr "ΠμÏ
ÏÏικÏÏηÏα ÏοÏ
Ï
λικοÏ"
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"Hardware manufacturers increasingly tend to keep hardware specifications "
"secret. This makes it difficult to write free drivers so that Linux and "
@@ -1758,7 +1958,7 @@
"ÏμÏÏ Î²Îβαιο ÏÏÏ Î¸Î± ÏÏ
νεÏίζοÏ
με να Ïα ÎÏοÏ
με εάν δεν είμαÏÏε Ïε θÎÏη να "
"Ï
ÏοÏÏηÏίξοÏ
με ÏοÏ
Ï Î¼ÎµÎ»Î»Î¿Î½ÏικοÏÏ Ï
ÏολογιÏÏÎÏ."
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"There are two ways to cope with this problem. Programmers can do reverse "
"engineering to figure out how to support the hardware. The rest of us can "
@@ -1772,14 +1972,29 @@
"λογιÏÎ¼Î¹ÎºÏ ÎºÎ±Î¹ καθÏÏ Î¿ αÏιθμÏÏ Î¼Î±Ï Î¸Î± αÏ
ξάνεÏαι η μÏ
ÏÏικÏÏηÏα ÏÏν "
"ÏÏοδιαγÏαÏÏν θα γίνει αÏ
ÏÏνομη αμÏ
νÏική
ÏολιÏική."
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
+# | Reverse engineering is a big job; will we have programmers with sufficient
+# | determination to undertake it? Yes—if we have built up a strong
+# | feeling that free software is a matter of principle, and nonfree drivers
+# | are intolerable. And will large numbers of us spend extra money, or even
+# | a little extra time, so we can use free drivers? Yes, if the determination
+# | to have freedom is [-widespread.-] {+widespread. <a
+# | href=\"#ft8\">[8]</a>+}
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "Reverse engineering is a big job; will we have programmers with "
+#| "sufficient determination to undertake it? Yes—if we have built up a "
+#| "strong feeling that free software is a matter of principle, and nonfree "
+#| "drivers are intolerable. And will large numbers of us spend extra money, "
+#| "or even a little extra time, so we can use free drivers? Yes, if the "
+#| "determination to have freedom is widespread."
msgid ""
"Reverse engineering is a big job; will we have programmers with sufficient "
"determination to undertake it? Yes—if we have built up a strong "
"feeling that free software is a matter of principle, and nonfree drivers are "
"intolerable. And will large numbers of us spend extra money, or even a "
"little extra time, so we can use free drivers? Yes, if the determination to "
-"have freedom is widespread."
+"have freedom is widespread. <a href=\"#ft8\">[8]</a>"
msgstr ""
"ΠανÏίÏÏÏοÏη μηÏανική είναι μια δύÏκολη
δοÏ
λειά. Îα ÎÏοÏ
με ÏοÏ
Ï ÎºÎ±ÏάλληλοÏ
Ï "
"ÏÏογÏαμμαÏιÏÏÎÏ Î¼Îµ αÏκεÏή
αÏοÏαÏιÏÏικÏÏηÏα για να Ïην αναλάβοÏ
ν;
Îαι—"
@@ -1790,24 +2005,11 @@
"οδηγοÏÏ; Îαι—εάν η αÏοÏαÏιÏÏικÏÏηÏα να
ÎÏοÏ
με ελεÏ
θεÏία γίνει εÏ
ÏÎÏÏ "
"διαδεδομÎνη."
-#. type: Content of: <p>
-msgid ""
-"(2008 note: this issue extends to the BIOS as well. There is a free BIOS, "
-"<a href=\"http://www.libreboot.org/\";>LibreBoot</a> (a distribution of "
-"coreboot); the problem is getting specs for machines so that LibreBoot can "
-"support them without nonfree “blobs”.)"
-msgstr ""
-"(ΣημείÏÏη 2008: Ïο ζήÏημα αÏ
ÏÏ ÎµÏεκÏείνεÏαι
και ÏÏο BIOS εÏίÏηÏ. Î¥ÏάÏÏει "
-"Îνα ελεÏθεÏο BIOS, Ïο <a
href=\"http://www.libreboot.org/\";>LibreBoot</a> "
-"(μια διανομή ÏοÏ
coreboot)· Ïο ÏÏÏβλημα είναι η
εÏÏεÏη ÏÏοδιαγÏαÏÏν για ÏÎ¹Ï "
-"μηÏανÎÏ ÏÏÏε Ïο LibreBoot να μÏοÏεί να ÏÎ¹Ï Ï
ÏοÏÏηÏίξει ÏÏÏÎ¯Ï Î¼Î·-ελεÏθεÏα "
-"“blobs”.)"
-
-#. type: Content of: <h3>
+#. type: Content of: <div><h3>
msgid "Nonfree libraries"
msgstr "Îη ελεÏθεÏÎµÏ Î²Î¹Î²Î»Î¹Î¿Î¸Î®ÎºÎµÏ"
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"A nonfree library that runs on free operating systems acts as a trap for "
"free software developers. The library's attractive features are the bait; "
@@ -1828,7 +2030,7 @@
"γίνει δημοÏιλÎÏ, μÏοÏεί να ÏαÏαÏÏÏει άλλοÏ
Ï Î±Î½Ï
ÏοÏίαÏÏοÏ
Ï ÏÏογÏαμμαÏιÏÏÎÏ "
"μÎÏα ÏÏη Ïαγίδα."
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"The first instance of this problem was the Motif toolkit, back in the 80s. "
"Although there were as yet no free operating systems, it was clear what "
@@ -1850,7 +2052,7 @@
"ÎÏÏι ÏÏÏε να Ï
ÏοÏÏηÏίζει ÏÎ¹Ï ÏεÏιÏÏÏÏεÏεÏ
αÏÏ ÏÎ¹Ï ÎµÏαÏμογÎÏ ÏοÏ
Motif μÏÎ»Î¹Ï "
"Ïο 1997."
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"Between 1996 and 1998, another nonfree <abbr title=\"Graphical User Interface"
"\">GUI</abbr> toolkit library, called Qt, was used in a substantial "
@@ -1862,7 +2064,7 @@
"μια οÏ
ÏιÏδη ÏÏ
λλογή ελεÏθεÏοÏ
λογιÏμικοÏ,
Ïο γÏαÏÎ¹ÎºÏ ÏεÏιβάλλον <abbr title="
"\"K Desktop Environment\">KDE</abbr>."
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"Free GNU/Linux systems were unable to use KDE, because we could not use the "
"library. However, some commercial distributors of GNU/Linux systems who "
@@ -1882,7 +2084,7 @@
"νÎοι ÏÏήÏÏÎµÏ ÏοÏ
“Linux” δεν είÏαν ÏοÏÎ
εκÏεθεί ÏÏην ιδÎα ÏÏι "
"Ï
ÏήÏÏε κάÏοιο ÏÏÏβλημα Ïε αÏ
ÏÏ. Î
καÏάÏÏαÏη Ïάνηκε δÏÏκολη."
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"The free software community responded to the problem in two ways: GNOME and "
"Harmony."
@@ -1890,7 +2092,7 @@
"ΠκοινÏÏηÏα ελεÏθεÏοÏ
λογιÏμικοÏ
αÏάνÏηÏε με δÏο ÏÏÏÏοÏ
Ï: με Ïο GNOME και Ïο "
"Harmony."
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"GNOME, the GNU Network Object Model Environment, is GNU's desktop project. "
"Started in 1997 by Miguel de Icaza, and developed with the support of Red "
@@ -1909,7 +2111,7 @@
"ελεÏ
θεÏία: η άÏνηÏη να αÏαιÏείÏαι η ÏÏήÏη
οÏοιοÏ
δήÏοÏε μη ελεÏθεÏοÏ
"
"λογιÏμικοÏ."
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"Harmony is a compatible replacement library, designed to make it possible to "
"run KDE software without using Qt."
@@ -1917,13 +2119,28 @@
"Το Harmony είναι μια ÏÏ
μβαÏή βιβλιοθήκη
ανÏικαÏάÏÏαÏηÏ, ÏοÏ
ÏÏεδιάÏÏηκε για "
"να κάνει δÏ
ναÏή Ïην εκÏÎλεÏη ÏοÏ
λογιÏÎ¼Î¹ÎºÎ¿Ï KDE ÏÏÏÎ¯Ï Ïη ÏÏήÏη ÏοÏ
Qt."
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
+# | In November 1998, the developers of Qt announced a change of license
+# | which, when carried out, should make Qt free software. There is no way to
+# | be sure, but I think that this was partly due to the community's firm
+# | response to the problem that Qt posed when it was nonfree. (The new
+# | license is inconvenient and inequitable, so it remains desirable to avoid
+# | using [-Qt.)-] {+Qt. <a href=\"#ft9\">[9]</a>)+}
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "In November 1998, the developers of Qt announced a change of license "
+#| "which, when carried out, should make Qt free software. There is no way "
+#| "to be sure, but I think that this was partly due to the community's firm "
+#| "response to the problem that Qt posed when it was nonfree. (The new "
+#| "license is inconvenient and inequitable, so it remains desirable to avoid "
+#| "using Qt.)"
msgid ""
"In November 1998, the developers of Qt announced a change of license which, "
"when carried out, should make Qt free software. There is no way to be sure, "
"but I think that this was partly due to the community's firm response to the "
"problem that Qt posed when it was nonfree. (The new license is inconvenient "
-"and inequitable, so it remains desirable to avoid using Qt.)"
+"and inequitable, so it remains desirable to avoid using Qt. <a href="
+"\"#ft9\">[9]</a>)"
msgstr ""
"Το ÎοÎμβÏιο ÏοÏ
1998, οι καÏαÏκεÏ
αÏÏÎÏ ÏοÏ
Qt
ανήγγειλαν μια αλλαγή ÏÏην "
"άδεια, η οÏοία ÏÏαν θα ÏÏαγμαÏοÏοιοÏνÏαν,
θα Îκανε Ïο Qt ελεÏθεÏο λογιÏμικÏ. "
@@ -1932,15 +2149,7 @@
"Qt ÎθεÏε ÏÏαν ήÏαν μη ελεÏθεÏο. (ΠνÎα άδεια
είναι ακαÏάλληλη και άδικη, γâ "
"αÏ
ÏÏ Î»Î¿Î¹ÏÏν ÏαÏαμÎνει εÏιθÏ
μηÏή η αÏοÏÏ
γή
ÏÏήÏÎ·Ï ÏοÏ
Qt)."
-#. type: Content of: <p>
-msgid ""
-"[Subsequent note: in September 2000, Qt was rereleased under the GNU GPL, "
-"which essentially solved this problem.]"
-msgstr ""
-"[Î¥ÏοÏημείÏÏη: Ïον ΣεÏÏÎμβÏιο ÏοÏ
2000, Ïο Qt
εκδÏθηκε Ï
ÏÏ Ïην GNU ÎÎÎΧ, "
-"κίνηÏη ÏοÏ
οÏ
ÏιαÏÏικά ÎλÏ
Ïε αÏ
ÏÏ Ïο
ÏÏÏβλημα.]"
-
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"How will we respond to the next tempting nonfree library? Will the whole "
"community understand the need to stay out of the trap? Or will many of us "
@@ -1952,20 +2161,21 @@
"ÏαÏαÏήÏοÏ
με Ïολλοί αÏÏ ÎµÎ¼Î¬Ï Ïην ελεÏ
θεÏία
για Ïην άνεÏη και θα ÏÏοκαλÎÏοÏ
με "
"Îνα μείζον ÏÏÏβλημα; Το μÎλλον μαÏ
εξαÏÏάÏαι αÏÏ Ïην ÏιλοÏοÏία μαÏ."
-#. type: Content of: <h3>
+#. type: Content of: <div><h3>
msgid "Software patents"
msgstr "ΠαÏÎνÏÎµÏ Î»Î¿Î³Î¹ÏμικοÏ"
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
# | The worst threat we face comes from software patents, which can put
# | algorithms and features off limits to free software for up to twenty
# | years. The LZW compression algorithm patents were applied for in 1983,
# | and we still cannot release free software to produce proper compressed
-# | <abbr title=\"Graphics Interchange Format\">GIF</abbr>s. [As of 2009 they
-# | have expired.] In 1998, a free program to produce <abbr title=\"MPEG-1
-# | Audio Layer 3\">MP3</abbr> compressed audio was removed from distribution
-# | under threat of a patent suit. {+[As of 2017, these patents have expired.
-# | Look how long we had to wait.]+}
+# | <abbr title=\"Graphics Interchange [-Format\">GIF</abbr>s. [As of 2009
+# | they have expired.]-] {+Format\">GIF</abbr>s. <a
+# | href=\"#ft10\">[10]</a>+} In 1998, a free program to produce <abbr
+# | title=\"MPEG-1 Audio Layer 3\">MP3</abbr> compressed audio was removed
+# | from distribution under threat of a patent [-suit.-] {+suit. <a
+# | href=\"#ft11\">[11]</a>+}
#, fuzzy
#| msgid ""
#| "The worst threat we face comes from software patents, which can put "
@@ -1981,11 +2191,10 @@
"algorithms and features off limits to free software for up to twenty years. "
"The LZW compression algorithm patents were applied for in 1983, and we still "
"cannot release free software to produce proper compressed <abbr title="
-"\"Graphics Interchange Format\">GIF</abbr>s. [As of 2009 they have "
-"expired.] In 1998, a free program to produce <abbr title=\"MPEG-1 Audio "
-"Layer 3\">MP3</abbr> compressed audio was removed from distribution under "
-"threat of a patent suit. [As of 2017, these patents have expired. Look how "
-"long we had to wait.]"
+"\"Graphics Interchange Format\">GIF</abbr>s. <a href=\"#ft10\">[10]</"
+"a> In 1998, a free program to produce <abbr title=\"MPEG-1 Audio Layer "
+"3\">MP3</abbr> compressed audio was removed from distribution under threat "
+"of a patent suit. <a href=\"#ft11\">[11]</a>"
msgstr ""
"Î ÏειÏÏÏεÏη αÏειλή ÏοÏ
ανÏιμεÏÏÏίζοÏ
με
ÏÏοÎÏÏεÏαι αÏÏ ÏÎ¹Ï ÏαÏÎνÏÎµÏ "
"λογιÏμικοÏ, οι οÏÎ¿Î¯ÎµÏ Î¼ÏοÏοÏν να θÎÏοÏ
ν
αλγÏÏιθμοÏ
Ï ÎºÎ±Î¹ ÏαÏακÏηÏιÏÏικά εκÏÏÏ "
@@ -1997,7 +2206,7 @@
"ÏÏ
μÏιεÏμÎνο ήÏο <abbr title=\"MPEG-1 Audio Layer
3\">MP3</abbr>ÏÏαμάÏηÏε Ïην "
"διανομή ÏοÏ
Ï
ÏÏ Ïην αÏειλή Î¼Î¹Î±Ï Î±Î³ÏÎ³Î®Ï Î³Î¹Î±
ÏαÏαβίαÏη ÏαÏÎνÏαÏ."
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
# | There are ways to cope with patents: we can search for evidence that a
# | patent is invalid, and we can look for alternative ways to do a job. But
# | each of these methods works only sometimes; when both fail, a patent may
@@ -2027,7 +2236,7 @@
"ÏÏεÏείÏαι αÏÏ ÎºÎ¬Ïοια δÏ
ναÏÏÏηÏα ÏοÏ
εÏιθÏ
μοÏν οι ÏÏήÏÏεÏ. Τι θα κάνοÏ
με "
"ÏÏαν αÏ
ÏÏ ÏÏ
μβεί;"
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"Those of us who value free software for freedom's sake will stay with free "
"software anyway. We will manage to get work done without the patented "
@@ -2049,11 +2258,11 @@
"να ÏÏαμαÏάμε εκεί. Î ÏÎÏει να μιλήÏοÏ
με
για Ïην ελεÏ
θεÏία και ÏÎ¹Ï Î·Î¸Î¹ÎºÎÏ "
"αÏÏÎÏ."
-#. type: Content of: <h3>
+#. type: Content of: <div><h3>
msgid "Free documentation"
msgstr "ÎλεÏθεÏη ΤεκμηÏίÏÏη"
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"The biggest deficiency in our free operating systems is not in the "
"software—it is the lack of good free manuals that we can include in "
@@ -2069,7 +2278,7 @@
"ÏημανÏÎ¹ÎºÏ Îλλειμμα. ΣÏÎ¹Ï ÏÏÎÏοÏ
ÏεÏ
ημÎÏÎµÏ ÎÏοÏ
με αÏκεÏά ελλείμμαÏα "
"ÏεκμηÏίÏÏÎ·Ï Î»Î¿Î³Î¹ÏμικοÏ."
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"Free documentation, like free software, is a matter of freedom, not price. "
"The criterion for a free manual is pretty much the same as for free "
@@ -2085,7 +2294,7 @@
"εÏιÏÏÎÏεÏαι, Ïε ηλεκÏÏονική ή ÏÏ
Ïική
μοÏÏή (ÏαÏÏί), ÎÏÏι ÏÏÏε Ïο εγÏειÏίδιο "
"να ÏÏ
νοδεÏει κάθε ανÏίγÏαÏο ÏοÏ
ÏÏογÏάμμαÏοÏ."
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"Permission for modification is crucial too. As a general rule, I don't "
"believe that it is essential for people to have permission to modify all "
@@ -2099,7 +2308,7 @@
"ÏÏÏ ÎµÏÎµÎ¯Ï Î® ÎµÎ³Ï ÎµÎ¯Î¼Î±ÏÏε αναγκαÏμÎνοι να
δίνοÏ
με δικαιÏμαÏα ÏÏοÏοÏοίηÏÎ·Ï Ïε "
"άÏθÏα ÏÏÏÏ Î±Ï
ÏÏ, Ïο οÏοίο ÏεÏιγÏάÏει ÏιÏ
κινήÏÎµÎ¹Ï ÎºÎ±Î¹ ÏÎ¹Ï Î±ÏÏÏÎµÎ¹Ï Î¼Î±Ï."
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"But there is a particular reason why the freedom to modify is crucial for "
"documentation for free software. When people exercise their right to modify "
@@ -2118,7 +2327,7 @@
"εÏιÏÏÎÏει ÏÏοÏ
Ï ÏÏογÏαμμαÏιÏÏÎÏ Î½Î± είναι
εÏ
ÏÏ
νείδηÏοι και να ολοκληÏÏνοÏ
ν Ïη "
"δοÏ
λειά, δεν καλÏÏÏει ÏÎ¹Ï Î±Î½Î¬Î³ÎºÎµÏ ÏηÏ
κοινÏÏηÏÎ¬Ï Î¼Î±Ï."
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"Some kinds of limits on how modifications are done pose no problem. For "
"example, requirements to preserve the original author's copyright notice, "
@@ -2144,7 +2353,7 @@
"δεν εμÏοδίζοÏ
ν Ïην κοινÏÏηÏα ελεÏθεÏοÏ
λογιÏÎ¼Î¹ÎºÎ¿Ï Î½Î± κάνει ÏλήÏη ÏÏήÏη ÏοÏ
"
"εγÏειÏιδίοÏ
."
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"However, it must be possible to modify all the <em>technical</em> content of "
"the manual, and then distribute the result in all the usual media, through "
@@ -2157,7 +2366,7 @@
"καναλιÏν· διαÏοÏεÏικά, οι διάÏοÏοι
ÏεÏιοÏιÏμοί εμÏοδίζοÏ
ν Ïην κοινÏÏηÏα, Ïο "
"εγÏειÏίδιο ÏαÏει να είναι ÏλÎον ελεÏθεÏο,
και ÏÏειαζÏμαÏÏε άλλο εγÏειÏίδιο."
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"Will free software developers have the awareness and determination to "
"produce a full spectrum of free manuals? Once again, our future depends on "
@@ -2168,14 +2377,24 @@
"εγÏειÏιδίÏν; Îια ακÏμη μια ÏοÏά, Ïο μÎλλον
Î¼Î±Ï ÎµÎ¾Î±ÏÏάÏαι αÏÏ Ïην ÏιλοÏοÏία "
"μαÏ."
-#. type: Content of: <h3>
+#. type: Content of: <div><h3>
msgid "We must talk about freedom"
msgstr "Î ÏÎÏει να μιλάμε για Ïην ελεÏ
θεÏία"
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
+# | Estimates today are that there are ten million users of GNU/Linux systems
+# | such as Debian GNU/Linux and Red Hat [-“Linux”.-]
+# | {+“Linux.”+} Free software has developed such practical
+# | advantages that users are flocking to it for purely practical reasons.
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "Estimates today are that there are ten million users of GNU/Linux systems "
+#| "such as Debian GNU/Linux and Red Hat “Linux”. Free software "
+#| "has developed such practical advantages that users are flocking to it for "
+#| "purely practical reasons."
msgid ""
"Estimates today are that there are ten million users of GNU/Linux systems "
-"such as Debian GNU/Linux and Red Hat “Linux”. Free software has "
+"such as Debian GNU/Linux and Red Hat “Linux.” Free software has "
"developed such practical advantages that users are flocking to it for purely "
"practical reasons."
msgstr ""
@@ -2185,7 +2404,7 @@
"Ï
ÏεÏοÏÎÏ ÏοÏ
διάÏοÏοι ÏÏήÏÏÎµÏ ÏÏÏÎÏονÏαι
Ïε αÏ
ÏÏ Î³Î¹Î± καθαÏά ÏÏακÏικοÏÏ "
"λÏγοÏ
Ï."
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"The good consequences of this are evident: more interest in developing free "
"software, more customers for free software businesses, and more ability to "
@@ -2199,7 +2418,7 @@
"λογιÏÎ¼Î¹ÎºÎ¿Ï Î½Î± καÏαÏκεÏ
άζοÏ
ν ελεÏθεÏο
εμÏοÏÎ¹ÎºÏ Î»Î¿Î³Î¹ÏÎ¼Î¹ÎºÏ Î±Î½Ïί ιδιÏκÏηÏα "
"ÏÏοÏÏνÏα λογιÏμικοÏ."
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"But interest in the software is growing faster than awareness of the "
"philosophy it is based on, and this leads to trouble. Our ability to meet "
@@ -2215,7 +2434,7 @@
"Î¼Î±Ï ÎÏει Ïη θÎληÏη, ÏÏÎÏει να μεÏαδÏÏοÏ
με
Ïην ιδÎα ÏÏοÏ
Ï Î½ÎοÏ
Ï ÏÏήÏÏÎµÏ ÎºÎ±Î¸ÏÏ "
"αÏ
Ïοί γίνονÏαι μÎÏÎ¿Ï ÏÎ·Ï ÎºÎ¿Î¹Î½ÏÏηÏαÏ."
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"But we are failing to do so: the efforts to attract new users into our "
"community are far outstripping the efforts to teach them the civics of our "
@@ -2228,11 +2447,11 @@
"ΧÏειάζεÏαι να εÏιÏÏÏοÏ
με και ÏÏα δÏο, και
ÏÏην ÏÏ
νÎÏεια να διαÏηÏήÏοÏ
με ÏÎ¹Ï "
"δÏο ÏÏοÏÏÎ¬Î¸ÎµÎ¹ÎµÏ Ïε ιÏοÏÏοÏία."
-#. type: Content of: <h3>
+#. type: Content of: <div><h3>
msgid "“Open Source”"
msgstr "“ÎογιÏÎ¼Î¹ÎºÏ Î±Î½Î¿Î¹ÏÏÎ¿Ï ÎºÏδικα”"
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"Teaching new users about freedom became more difficult in 1998, when a part "
"of the community decided to stop using the term “free software” "
@@ -2243,7 +2462,7 @@
"ÏÏοÏ
“ελεÏθεÏο λογιÏμικϔ κι άÏÏιÏε
να λÎει “λογιÏÎ¼Î¹ÎºÏ "
"ανοιÏÏÎ¿Ï ÎºÏδικα” ανÏίθεÏα."
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"Some who favored this term aimed to avoid the confusion of “"
"free” with “gratis”—a valid goal. Others, however, "
@@ -2265,7 +2484,7 @@
"ανάÏÏÏ
Î¾Î·Ï Ï
ÏÎ·Î»Î®Ï ÏοιÏÏηÏαÏ, ιÏÏÏ
ÏοÏ
λογιÏμικοÏ, αλλά αÏοÏεÏγει ÏÎ¹Ï Î¹Î´ÎÎµÏ ÏÎ·Ï "
"ελεÏ
θεÏίαÏ, ÏÎ·Ï ÎºÎ¿Î¹Î½ÏÏηÏÎ±Ï ÎºÎ±Î¹ ÏÏν ηθικÏν
αÏÏÏν."
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"The “Linux” magazines are a clear example of this—they are "
"filled with advertisements for proprietary software that works with GNU/"
@@ -2278,7 +2497,7 @@
"Qt, θα ÏÏοειδοÏοιήÏοÏ
ν Ïα ÏεÏιοδικά αÏ
Ïá½±
ÏοÏ
Ï ÏÏογÏαμμαÏιÏÏá½³Ï Î½Î± μην Ïα "
"ÏÏηÏιμοÏοιήÏοÏ
ν, á½µ θα καÏαÏÏÏοÏν
διαÏημίÏÎµÎ¹Ï Î³Î¹' αÏ
Ïά;"
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"The support of business can contribute to the community in many ways; all "
"else being equal, it is useful. But winning their support by speaking even "
@@ -2292,12 +2511,24 @@
"ÏεÏιÏÏÏÏεÏο Ïην ÏÏοηγοÏμενη ανιÏοÏÏοÏία
μεÏÎ±Î¾Ï ÏÏοÏÎλκÏ
ÏÎ·Ï ÎºÎ±Î¹ ÏολιÏÎ¹ÎºÎ®Ï "
"εÏιμÏÏÏÏÏηÏ."
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
+# | “Free software” and “open source” describe the
+# | same category of software, more or less, but say different things about
+# | the software, and about values. The GNU Project continues to use the term
+# | “free [-software”,-] {+software,”+} to express the idea
+# | that freedom, not just technology, is important.
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "“Free software” and “open source” describe the "
+#| "same category of software, more or less, but say different things about "
+#| "the software, and about values. The GNU Project continues to use the "
+#| "term “free software”, to express the idea that freedom, not "
+#| "just technology, is important."
msgid ""
"“Free software” and “open source” describe the same "
"category of software, more or less, but say different things about the "
"software, and about values. The GNU Project continues to use the term "
-"“free software”, to express the idea that freedom, not just "
+"“free software,” to express the idea that freedom, not just "
"technology, is important."
msgstr ""
"Το “ελεÏθεÏο λογιÏμικϔ και Ïο
“λογιÏÎ¼Î¹ÎºÏ Î±Î½Î¿Î¹ÎºÏÎ¿Ï "
@@ -2307,11 +2538,11 @@
"να εκÏÏάζει Ïην ιδÎα ÏÏι η ελεÏ
θεÏία, κι
ÏÏι αÏλά η ÏεÏνολογία, είναι "
"ÏημανÏική."
-#. type: Content of: <h3>
+#. type: Content of: <div><h3>
msgid "Try!"
msgstr "Î ÏοÏÏαθήÏÏε!"
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"Yoda's aphorism (“There is no ‘try’”) sounds neat, "
"but it doesn't work for me. I have done most of my work while anxious about "
@@ -2328,7 +2559,7 @@
"μÎνα ανάμεÏα ÏÏον εÏθÏÏ ÎºÎ±Î¹ Ïην ÏÏλη μοÏ
.
ÎκÏλήÏÏονÏÎ±Ï Ïον εαÏ
ÏÏ Î¼Î¿Ï
, "
"μεÏικÎÏ ÏοÏÎÏ Ïο ÏÎÏÏ
Ïα."
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"Sometimes I failed; some of my cities have fallen. Then I found another "
"threatened city, and got ready for another battle. Over time, I've learned "
@@ -2341,7 +2572,7 @@
"ÏοÏοθεÏÏ Ïον εαÏ
ÏÏ Î¼Î¿Ï
ανάμεÏα Ï' αÏ
ÏÎÏ
και Ïην ÏÏλη μοÏ
, καλÏνÏÎ±Ï ÎºÎ±Î¹ "
"άλλοÏ
Ï ÏÎ¬ÎºÎµÏ Î½Î± ÎÏθοÏ
ν και να ενÏθοÏν μαζί
μοÏ
."
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"Nowadays, often I'm not the only one. It is a relief and a joy when I see a "
"regiment of hackers digging in to hold the line, and I realize, this city "
@@ -2359,6 +2590,239 @@
"να κÏαÏήÏεÏε Ïην ελεÏ
θεÏία ÏαÏ, θα ÏÏÎÏει
να είÏÏε ÏÏοεÏοιμαÏμÎνοι να Ïην "
"Ï
ÏεÏαÏÏιÏÏείÏε."
+# type: Content of: <h4>
+#. type: Content of: <div><h3>
+msgid "Footnotes"
+msgstr "Î¥ÏοÏημειÏÏειÏ"
+
+#. type: Content of: <div><ol><li>
+# | [-(1)-]The use of “hacker” to mean “security
+# | breaker” is a confusion on the part of the mass media. We hackers
+# | refuse to recognize that meaning, and continue using the word to mean
+# | someone who loves to program, someone who enjoys playful cleverness, or
+# | the combination of the two. See my article, [-<a
+# | href=\"http://stallman.org/articles/on-hacking.html\";>On Hacking</a>.-]
+# | {+“<a href=\"https://stallman.org/articles/on-hacking.html\";>On
+# | Hacking</a>.”+}
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "(1) The use of “hacker” to mean “security "
+#| "breaker” is a confusion on the part of the mass media. We hackers "
+#| "refuse to recognize that meaning, and continue using the word to mean "
+#| "someone who loves to program, someone who enjoys playful cleverness, or "
+#| "the combination of the two. See my article, <a href=\"http://stallman.";
+#| "org/articles/on-hacking.html\">On Hacking</a>."
+msgid ""
+"The use of “hacker” to mean “security breaker” is a "
+"confusion on the part of the mass media. We hackers refuse to recognize "
+"that meaning, and continue using the word to mean someone who loves to "
+"program, someone who enjoys playful cleverness, or the combination of the "
+"two. See my article, “<a href=\"https://stallman.org/articles/on-";
+"hacking.html\">On Hacking</a>.”"
+msgstr ""
+"(1) Î ÏÏήÏη ÏÎ·Ï Î»ÎÎ¾Î·Ï “Ïάκεϔ με Ïην
Îννοια “ειÏβολÎÎ±Ï "
+"ÏÏ
ÏÏημάÏÏν” είναι μία ÏÏγÏÏ
Ïη ÏοÏ
οÏείλεÏαι ÏÏα μÎÏα Î¼Î±Î¶Î¹ÎºÎ®Ï "
+"ενημÎÏÏÏηÏ. ÎÎ¼ÎµÎ¯Ï Î¿Î¹ ÏÎ¬ÎºÎµÏ Î±ÏνοÏμαÏÏε να
αναγνÏÏίÏοÏ
με αÏ
Ïή Ïη ÏημαÏία και "
+"ÏÏ
νεÏίζοÏ
με να ÏÏηÏιμοÏοιοÏμε Ïη λÎξη
ÏÏÏε να Ïημαίνει κάÏοιοÏ/α ÏοÏ
αγαÏάει "
+"Ïον ÏÏογÏαμμαÏιÏμÏ, κάÏοιοÏ/α ÏοÏ
ÏαίÏεÏαι Ïην ÏαιÏνιδιάÏικη εξÏ
Ïνάδα ή Ïο "
+"ÏÏ
νδÏ
αÏÎ¼Ï ÏÏν δÏο ÏαÏαÏάνÏ. ÎείÏε Ïο
άÏθÏο μοÏ
, <a href=\"http://stallman.";
+"org/articles/on-hacking.html\">Îια Ïο Ïάκινγκ</a>."
+
+#. type: Content of: <div><ol><li>
+# | [-(1)-]As an Atheist, I don't follow any religious leaders, but I
+# | sometimes find I admire something one of them has said.
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "(1) As an Atheist, I don't follow any religious leaders, but I sometimes "
+#| "find I admire something one of them has said."
+msgid ""
+"As an Atheist, I don't follow any religious leaders, but I sometimes find I "
+"admire something one of them has said."
+msgstr ""
+"(1) Î©Ï Î¬Î¸ÎµÎ¿Ï, δεν ακολοÏ
Î¸Ï ÎºÎ±Î½Îνα θÏηÏκεÏ
ÏÎ¹ÎºÏ Î·Î³ÎÏη, αλλά μεÏικÎÏ ÏοÏÎÏ "
+"βÏίÏÎºÏ ÏÏι θαÏ
Î¼Î¬Î¶Ï ÎºÎ¬Ïι ÏοÏ
κάÏÎ¿Î¹Î¿Ï ÎµÎ¾ αÏ
ÏÏν ÎÏει Ïει."
+
+#. type: Content of: <div><ol><li>
+# | [-(1)-]In 1984 or 1985, Don Hopkins (a very imaginative fellow) mailed me
+# | a letter. [-On-] {+<a href=\"/graphics/copyleft-sticker.html\">On+} the
+# | [-envelope-] {+envelope</a>+} he had written several amusing sayings,
+# | including this one: “Copyleft—all rights reversed.” I
+# | used the word “copyleft” to name the distribution concept I
+# | was developing at the time.
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "(1) In 1984 or 1985, Don Hopkins (a very imaginative fellow) mailed me a "
+#| "letter. On the envelope he had written several amusing sayings, "
+#| "including this one: “Copyleft—all rights reversed.” I "
+#| "used the word “copyleft” to name the distribution concept I "
+#| "was developing at the time."
+msgid ""
+"In 1984 or 1985, Don Hopkins (a very imaginative fellow) mailed me a "
+"letter. <a href=\"/graphics/copyleft-sticker.html\">On the envelope</a> he "
+"had written several amusing sayings, including this one: “"
+"Copyleft—all rights reversed.” I used the word “"
+"copyleft” to name the distribution concept I was developing at the "
+"time."
+msgstr ""
+"(1) Το 1984 ή 1985, ο Don Hopkins (ÎÎ½Î±Ï ÏÎ¿Î»Ï ÎµÏεÏ
ÏεÏικÏÏ ÏÏ
νεÏγάÏηÏ) μοÏ
"
+"ÏαÏÏ
δÏÏμηÏε Îνα γÏάμμα. ΣÏον Ïάκελο
ÎγÏαÏε ÏολλÎÏ ÏÏ
ÏαγÏγικÎÏ ÎºÎ¿Ï
βÎνÏεÏ, "
+"ÏÏ
μÏεÏιλαμβανομÎÎ½Î·Ï ÏÎ·Ï ÏαÏακάÏÏ:
“Copyleft—all rights reserved."
+"” ΧÏηÏιμοÏοίηÏα Ïη λÎξη“copyleft” για
να ονομάÏÏ Ïο ÏÏÎδιο "
+"Î´Î¹Î±Î½Î¿Î¼Î®Ï Î»Î¿Î³Î¹ÏÎ¼Î¹ÎºÎ¿Ï ÏοÏ
δημιοÏ
ÏγοÏÏα
εκείνο Ïον καιÏÏ."
+
+#. type: Content of: <div><ol><li>
+# | [-(2)-]We now use the <a href=\"/licenses/fdl.html\">GNU Free
+# | Documentation License</a> for documentation.
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "(2) We now use the <a href=\"/licenses/fdl.html\">GNU Free Documentation "
+#| "License</a> for documentation."
+msgid ""
+"We now use the <a href=\"/licenses/fdl.html\">GNU Free Documentation "
+"License</a> for documentation."
+msgstr ""
+"(2) Πλέον ÏÏηÏιμοÏοιούμε Ïην <a
href=\"/licenses/fdl.html\">Îδεια ÎλεύθεÏÎ·Ï "
+"ΤεκμηÏá½·ÏÏÎ·Ï GNU</a> για ÎÏγα ÏεκμηÏá½·ÏÏηÏ."
+
+#. type: Content of: <div><ol><li>
+# | [-(1)-]“Bourne Again Shell” is a play on the name
+# | “Bourne [-Shell”,-] {+Shell,”+} which was the usual
+# | shell on Unix.
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "(1) “Bourne Again Shell” is a play on the name “Bourne "
+#| "Shell”, which was the usual shell on Unix."
+msgid ""
+"“Bourne Again Shell” is a play on the name “Bourne Shell,"
+"” which was the usual shell on Unix."
+msgstr ""
+"(1) Το “Bourne Again Shell” είναι Îνα
λογοÏαίγνιο εÏÎ¬Î½Ï ÏÏο "
+"“Bourne Shell”, ÏοÏ
ήÏαν ÏÏÏε Ïο ÏÏ
νηθÎÏÏεÏο κÎλÏ
ÏÎ¿Ï ÏÏο Unix."
+
+#. type: Content of: <div><ol><li>
+# | [-(1)-]That was written in 1998. In 2009 we no longer maintain a long
+# | task list. The community develops free software so fast that we can't
+# | even keep track of it all. Instead, we have a list of High Priority
+# | Projects, a much shorter list of projects we really want to encourage
+# | people to write.
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "(1) That was written in 1998. In 2009 we no longer maintain a long task "
+#| "list. The community develops free software so fast that we can't even "
+#| "keep track of it all. Instead, we have a list of High Priority Projects, "
+#| "a much shorter list of projects we really want to encourage people to "
+#| "write."
+msgid ""
+"That was written in 1998. In 2009 we no longer maintain a long task list. "
+"The community develops free software so fast that we can't even keep track "
+"of it all. Instead, we have a list of High Priority Projects, a much "
+"shorter list of projects we really want to encourage people to write."
+msgstr ""
+"(1) ÎÏ
ÏÏ Î³ÏάÏÏηκε Ïο 1998. Το 2009 δεν
διαÏηÏοÏμε Ïια μια μακÏιά λίÏÏα "
+"ενεÏγειÏν. ΠκοινÏÏηÏα αναÏÏÏÏÏει
ελεÏθεÏο λογιÏÎ¼Î¹ÎºÏ ÏÏÏο γÏήγοÏα ÏοÏ
δεν "
+"μÏοÏοÏμε οÏÏε καν να Ïο καÏαγÏάÏοÏ
με ÏÏην
ολÏÏηÏά ÏοÏ
. ÎνÏιθÎÏÏÏ, ÎÏοÏ
με "
+"μια λίÏÏα ÎÏγÏν Î¥ÏÎ·Î»Î®Ï Î ÏοÏεÏαιÏÏηÏαÏ,
μια ÏÎ¿Î»Ï Î¼Î¹ÎºÏÏÏεÏη λίÏÏα ÎÏγÏν ÏοÏ
"
+"ÏÏαγμαÏικά θÎλοÏ
με να ενθαÏÏÏνοÏ
με ÏοÏ
Ï
ανθÏÏÏοÏ
Ï Î½Î± γÏάÏοÏ
ν."
+
+#. type: Content of: <div><ol><li>
+# | [-(1)-]This license is now called the GNU Lesser General Public License,
+# | to avoid giving the idea that all libraries ought to use it. See <a
+# | href=\"/philosophy/why-not-lgpl.html\">Why you shouldn't use the Lesser
+# | GPL for your next library</a> for more information.
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "(1) This license is now called the GNU Lesser General Public License, to "
+#| "avoid giving the idea that all libraries ought to use it. See <a href=\"/"
+#| "philosophy/why-not-lgpl.html\">Why you shouldn't use the Lesser GPL for "
+#| "your next library</a> for more information."
+msgid ""
+"This license is now called the GNU Lesser General Public License, to avoid "
+"giving the idea that all libraries ought to use it. See <a href=\"/"
+"philosophy/why-not-lgpl.html\">Why you shouldn't use the Lesser GPL for your "
+"next library</a> for more information."
+msgstr ""
+"(1) ÎÏ
Ïá½µ η άδεια Ïλέον ονομάζεÏαι ÎλάÏÏÏν
Îενική Îδεια ÎημÏÏÎ¹Î±Ï Î§ÏήÏÎ·Ï GNU "
+"(GNU Lesser General Public License), á½½ÏÏε να μη δημιοÏ
Ïγεί Ïην ενÏá½»ÏÏÏη á½¹Ïι "
+"á½¹Î»ÎµÏ Î¿Î¹ ελεύθεÏÎµÏ Î²Î¹Î²Î»Î¹Î¿Î¸á½µÎºÎµÏ Î¿ÏείλοÏ
ν
να Ïη ÏÏηÏιμοÏοιούν. ÎείÏε Ïο <a "
+"href=\"/philosophy/why-not-lgpl.html\">ÎιαÏί δεν ÏÏÎÏει να
ÏÏηÏιμοÏοιήÏεÏε "
+"Ïην ÎλάÏÏÏν GPL για Ïην εÏÏμενή ÏαÏ
βιβλιοθήκη</a> για ÏεÏιÏÏÏÏεÏÎµÏ "
+"ÏληÏοÏοÏίεÏ."
+
+#. type: Content of: <div><ol><li>
+# | [-(-]2008 note: this issue extends to the BIOS as well. There is a free
+# | BIOS, <a [-href=\"http://www.libreboot.org/\";>LibreBoot</a>-]
+# | {+href=\"https://libreboot.org/\";>LibreBoot</a>+} (a distribution of
+# | coreboot); the problem is getting specs for machines so that LibreBoot can
+# | support them without nonfree [-“blobs”.)-]
+# | {+“blobs.”+}
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "(2008 note: this issue extends to the BIOS as well. There is a free "
+#| "BIOS, <a href=\"http://www.libreboot.org/\";>LibreBoot</a> (a distribution "
+#| "of coreboot); the problem is getting specs for machines so that LibreBoot "
+#| "can support them without nonfree “blobs”.)"
+msgid ""
+"2008 note: this issue extends to the BIOS as well. There is a free BIOS, <a "
+"href=\"https://libreboot.org/\";>LibreBoot</a> (a distribution of coreboot); "
+"the problem is getting specs for machines so that LibreBoot can support them "
+"without nonfree “blobs.”"
+msgstr ""
+"(ΣημείÏÏη 2008: Ïο ζήÏημα αÏ
ÏÏ ÎµÏεκÏείνεÏαι
και ÏÏο BIOS εÏίÏηÏ. Î¥ÏάÏÏει "
+"Îνα ελεÏθεÏο BIOS, Ïο <a
href=\"http://www.libreboot.org/\";>LibreBoot</a> "
+"(μια διανομή ÏοÏ
coreboot)· Ïο ÏÏÏβλημα είναι η
εÏÏεÏη ÏÏοδιαγÏαÏÏν για ÏÎ¹Ï "
+"μηÏανÎÏ ÏÏÏε Ïο LibreBoot να μÏοÏεί να ÏÎ¹Ï Ï
ÏοÏÏηÏίξει ÏÏÏÎ¯Ï Î¼Î·-ελεÏθεÏα "
+"“blobs”.)"
+
+#. type: Content of: <div><ol><li>
+# | [-[Subsequent note: in-]{+In+} September 2000, Qt was rereleased under the
+# | GNU GPL, which essentially solved this problem.[-]-]
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "[Subsequent note: in September 2000, Qt was rereleased under the GNU GPL, "
+#| "which essentially solved this problem.]"
+msgid ""
+"In September 2000, Qt was rereleased under the GNU GPL, which essentially "
+"solved this problem."
+msgstr ""
+"[Î¥ÏοÏημείÏÏη: Ïον ΣεÏÏÎμβÏιο ÏοÏ
2000, Ïο Qt
εκδÏθηκε Ï
ÏÏ Ïην GNU ÎÎÎΧ, "
+"κίνηÏη ÏοÏ
οÏ
ÏιαÏÏικά ÎλÏ
Ïε αÏ
ÏÏ Ïο
ÏÏÏβλημα.]"
+
+#. type: Content of: <div><ol><li>
+msgid "As of 2009, the GIF patents have expired."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <div><ol><li>
+msgid ""
+"As of 2017, the MP3 patents have expired. Look how long we had to wait."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <div><div><p>
+# | Originally published in the book [-<em>Open Sources</em>.-] {+<cite>Open
+# | Sources</cite>.+} Richard Stallman was <a
+# | href=\"/philosophy/open-source-misses-the-point.html\"> never a supporter
+# | of “open source”</a>, but contributed this article so that the
+# | ideas of the free software movement would not be entirely absent from that
+# | book.
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "Originally published in the book <em>Open Sources</em>. Richard Stallman "
+#| "was <a href=\"/philosophy/open-source-misses-the-point.html\"> never a "
+#| "supporter of “open source”</a>, but contributed this article "
+#| "so that the ideas of the free software movement would not be entirely "
+#| "absent from that book."
+msgid ""
+"Originally published in the book <cite>Open Sources</cite>. Richard "
+"Stallman was <a href=\"/philosophy/open-source-misses-the-point.html\"> "
+"never a supporter of “open source”</a>, but contributed this "
+"article so that the ideas of the free software movement would not be "
+"entirely absent from that book."
+msgstr ""
+"ÎÏÏικά δημοÏιεÏ
μÎνο ÏÏο βιβλίο
<em>ÎνοιÏÏÎÏ Î Î·Î³ÎÏ</em>. Î Richard Stallman "
+"δεν ήÏαν <a href=\"/philosophy/open-source-misses-the-point.html\">
ÏοÏÎ "
+"Ï
ÏοÏÏηÏικÏÎ®Ï ÏοÏ
“λογιÏÎ¼Î¹ÎºÎ¿Ï Î±Î½Î¿Î¹ÏÏοÏ
κÏδικα”</a>, αλλά "
+"ÏÏ
νειÏÎÏεÏε αÏ
ÏÏ Ïο άÏθÏο ÏÏÏε οι ιδÎεÏ
ÏοÏ
κινήμαÏÎ¿Ï ÎµÎ»ÎµÏθεÏοÏ
λογιÏÎ¼Î¹ÎºÎ¿Ï "
+"να μην αÏοÏ
Ïίαζαν ενÏελÏÏ Î±ÏÏ ÎµÎºÎµÎ¯Î½Î¿ Ïο
βιβλίο."
+
#. TRANSLATORS: Use space (SPC) as msgstr if you don't have notes.
#. type: Content of: <div>
msgid "*GNUN-SLOT: TRANSLATOR'S NOTES*"
@@ -2386,6 +2850,7 @@
"Î¬Î»Î»ÎµÏ Î´Î¹Î¿ÏθÏÏÎµÎ¹Ï Î® ÏÏοÏάÏÎµÎ¹Ï Î¼ÏοÏοÏν να
ÏÏαλοÏν ÏÏο <a href=\"mailto:";
"webmasters@gnu.org\"><webmasters@gnu.org></a>."
+# TODO: submitting -> contributing.
#. TRANSLATORS: Ignore the original text in this paragraph,
#. replace it with the translation of these two:
#. We work hard and do our best to provide accurate, good quality
@@ -2393,14 +2858,20 @@
#. Please send your comments and general suggestions in this regard
#. to <a href="mailto:web-translators@gnu.org";>
#. <web-translators@gnu.org></a>.</p>
-#. <p>For information on coordinating and submitting translations of
+#. <p>For information on coordinating and contributing translations of
#. our web pages, see <a
#. href="/server/standards/README.translations.html">Translations
#. README</a>.
#. type: Content of: <div><div><p>
+# || No change detected. The change might only be in amounts of spaces.
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "Please see the <a href=\"/server/standards/README.translations.html"
+#| "\">Translations README</a> for information on coordinating and "
+#| "contributing translations of this article."
msgid ""
"Please see the <a href=\"/server/standards/README.translations.html"
-"\">Translations README</a> for information on coordinating and submitting "
+"\">Translations README</a> for information on coordinating and contributing "
"translations of this article."
msgstr ""
"ÎÏγαζÏμαÏÏε ÏκληÏά και κάνοÏ
με Ï,Ïι
καλÏÏεÏο μÏοÏοÏμε για να ÏαÏÎÏοÏ
με "
@@ -2412,15 +2883,15 @@
"\"/server/standards/README.translations.html\">ÎεÏαÏÏάÏειÏ
ÎÎÎÎÎΣÎÎÎ</a>."
#. type: Content of: <div><p>
-# | Copyright © 1998, 2001, 2002, 2005, 2006, 2007, 2008, 2010, 2014,
-# | [-2015-] {+2015, 2017, 2018, 2020+} Richard Stallman
+# | Copyright © 1998, [-2001, 2002,-] 2005, [-2006, 2007,-] 2008, 2010,
+# | [-2014, 2015-] {+2012, 2015, 2017, 2018, 2021+} Richard Stallman
#, fuzzy
#| msgid ""
#| "Copyright © 1998, 2001, 2002, 2005, 2006, 2007, 2008, 2010, 2014, "
#| "2015 Richard Stallman"
msgid ""
-"Copyright © 1998, 2001, 2002, 2005, 2006, 2007, 2008, 2010, 2014, 2015, "
-"2017, 2018, 2020 Richard Stallman"
+"Copyright © 1998, 2005, 2008, 2010, 2012, 2015, 2017, 2018, 2021 "
+"Richard Stallman"
msgstr ""
"ΠνεÏ
μαÏικά δικαιÏμαÏα:<br />\n"
"Copyright © 1998, 2001, 2002, 2005, 2006, 2007, 2008, 2010, 2014, 2015 "
Index: thegnuproject.es.po
===================================================================
RCS file: /web/www/www/gnu/po/thegnuproject.es.po,v
retrieving revision 1.89
retrieving revision 1.90
diff -u -b -r1.89 -r1.90
--- thegnuproject.es.po 24 Oct 2021 07:25:26 -0000 1.89
+++ thegnuproject.es.po 24 Oct 2021 07:31:37 -0000 1.90
@@ -17,7 +17,7 @@
msgstr ""
"Project-Id-Version: thegnuproject.es.html\n"
"Report-Msgid-Bugs-To: \n"
-"POT-Creation-Date: 2020-07-12 02:25+0000\n"
+"POT-Creation-Date: 2021-10-24 07:25+0000\n"
"PO-Revision-Date: 2021-05-12 12:15+0200\n"
"Last-Translator: Javier Fdez. Retenaga <jfrtnaga@gnu.org>\n"
"Language-Team: Spanish <www-es-general@gnu.org>\n"
@@ -25,6 +25,7 @@
"MIME-Version: 1.0\n"
"Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8\n"
"Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit\n"
+"X-Outdated-Since: 2021-10-24 07:25+0000\n"
"Plural-Forms: nplurals=2; plural=(n!=1);\n"
"X-Poedit-SourceCharset: utf-8\n"
"X-Generator: Poedit 2.2.1\n"
@@ -42,48 +43,25 @@
"Free Software Foundation, Historia"
# type: Content of: <h2>
-#. type: Content of: <h2>
+#. type: Content of: <div><h2>
msgid "The GNU Project"
msgstr "El Proyecto GNU"
# type: Content of: <p>
-#. type: Content of: <p>
-msgid ""
-"by <a href=\"http://www.stallman.org/\";><strong>Richard Stallman</strong></a>"
-msgstr ""
-"por <a href=\"http://www.stallman.org/\";><strong>Richard Stallman</strong></"
-"a>"
-
-#. type: Content of: <blockquote><p>
-msgid ""
-"Originally published in the book <em>Open Sources</em>. Richard Stallman "
-"was <a href=\"/philosophy/open-source-misses-the-point.html\"> never a "
-"supporter of “open source”</a>, but contributed this article so "
-"that the ideas of the free software movement would not be entirely absent "
-"from that book."
-msgstr ""
-"Publicado por primera vez en el libro <cite>Open Sources</cite>. Richard "
-"Stallman <a href=\"/philosophy/open-source-misses-the-point.html\">nunca ha "
-"sido un defensor del «código abierto» (<cite>«open source»</cite>)</a>,
pero "
-"contribuyó con este artÃculo para que en el libro no estuvieran totalmente "
-"ausentes las ideas del movimiento del software libre."
-
-#. type: Content of: <blockquote><p>
-msgid ""
-"Why it is even more important than ever <a href=\"/philosophy/free-software-"
-"even-more-important.html\">to insist that the software we use be free</a>."
-msgstr ""
-"Por qué ahora es más importante que nunca <a href=\"/philosophy/free-"
-"software-even-more-important.html\">insistir en que el software que usamos "
-"debe ser libre</a>."
+#. type: Content of: <div><address>
+# || No change detected. The change might only be in amounts of spaces.
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid "by <a href=\"https://www.stallman.org/\";>Richard Stallman</a>"
+msgid "by <a href=\"https://www.stallman.org/\";>Richard Stallman</a>"
+msgstr "por <a href=\"https://www.stallman.org/\";>Richard Stallman</a>"
# type: Content of: <h3>
-#. type: Content of: <h3>
+#. type: Content of: <div><h3>
msgid "The first software-sharing community"
msgstr "La primera comunidad que comparte software"
# type: Content of: <p>
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"When I started working at the <abbr title=\"Massachusetts Institute of "
"Technology\">MIT</abbr> Artificial Intelligence Lab in 1971, I became part "
@@ -102,15 +80,32 @@
"mayorÃa."
# type: Content of: <p>
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
+# | The AI Lab used a timesharing operating system called <abbr
+# | title=\"Incompatible Timesharing System\">ITS</abbr> (the Incompatible
+# | Timesharing System) that the lab's staff [-hackers (1)-]
+# | {+hackers <a href=\"#ft1\">[1]</a>+} had designed and written in
+# | assembler language for the Digital <abbr title=\"Programmed Data
+# | Processor\">PDP</abbr>-10, one of the large computers of the era. As a
+# | member of this community, an AI Lab staff system hacker, my job was to
+# | improve this system.
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "The AI Lab used a timesharing operating system called <abbr title="
+#| "\"Incompatible Timesharing System\">ITS</abbr> (the Incompatible "
+#| "Timesharing System) that the lab's staff hackers (1) had designed and "
+#| "written in assembler language for the Digital <abbr title=\"Programmed "
+#| "Data Processor\">PDP</abbr>-10, one of the large computers of the era. "
+#| "As a member of this community, an AI Lab staff system hacker, my job was "
+#| "to improve this system."
msgid ""
"The AI Lab used a timesharing operating system called <abbr title="
"\"Incompatible Timesharing System\">ITS</abbr> (the Incompatible Timesharing "
-"System) that the lab's staff hackers (1) had designed and written in "
-"assembler language for the Digital <abbr title=\"Programmed Data Processor"
-"\">PDP</abbr>-10, one of the large computers of the era. As a member of "
-"this community, an AI Lab staff system hacker, my job was to improve this "
-"system."
+"System) that the lab's staff hackers <a href=\"#ft1\">[1]</a> had "
+"designed and written in assembler language for the Digital <abbr title="
+"\"Programmed Data Processor\">PDP</abbr>-10, one of the large computers of "
+"the era. As a member of this community, an AI Lab staff system hacker, my "
+"job was to improve this system."
msgstr ""
"En el laboratorio de inteligencia artificial se utilizaba un sistema "
"operativo de tiempo compartido llamado <abbr title=\"Incompatible "
@@ -122,9 +117,24 @@
"laboratorio, mi trabajo consistÃa en mejorar dicho sistema."
# type: Content of: <p>
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
+# | We did not call our software “free [-software”,-]
+# | {+software,”+} because that term did not yet exist; but that is what
+# | it was. Whenever people from another university or a company wanted to
+# | port and use a program, we gladly let them. If you saw someone using an
+# | unfamiliar and interesting program, you could always ask to see the source
+# | code, so that you could read it, change it, or cannibalize parts of it to
+# | make a new program.
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "We did not call our software “free software”, because that "
+#| "term did not yet exist; but that is what it was. Whenever people from "
+#| "another university or a company wanted to port and use a program, we "
+#| "gladly let them. If you saw someone using an unfamiliar and interesting "
+#| "program, you could always ask to see the source code, so that you could "
+#| "read it, change it, or cannibalize parts of it to make a new program."
msgid ""
-"We did not call our software “free software”, because that term "
+"We did not call our software “free software,” because that term "
"did not yet exist; but that is what it was. Whenever people from another "
"university or a company wanted to port and use a program, we gladly let "
"them. If you saw someone using an unfamiliar and interesting program, you "
@@ -138,31 +148,22 @@
"interesante, siempre le podÃamos pedir que nos mostrara el código fuente "
"para leerlo, modificarlo o tomar partes de él para hacer otro programa."
-# type: Content of: <p>
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><div><p>
msgid ""
-"(1) The use of “hacker” to mean “security breaker” "
-"is a confusion on the part of the mass media. We hackers refuse to "
-"recognize that meaning, and continue using the word to mean someone who "
-"loves to program, someone who enjoys playful cleverness, or the combination "
-"of the two. See my article, <a href=\"http://stallman.org/articles/on-";
-"hacking.html\">On Hacking</a>."
+"Why it is even more important than ever <a href=\"/philosophy/free-software-"
+"even-more-important.html\">to insist that the software we use be free</a>."
msgstr ""
-"(1) El uso del término «hacker» para referirse a alguien que burla la "
-"seguridad de un sistema es un error provocado por los medios de "
-"comunicación. Nosotros los hackers rechazamos ese significado y continuamos "
-"empleando esa palabra para designar a alguien a quien le gusta programar, o "
-"que disfruta utilizando su ingenio de una manera lúdica, o una suma de las "
-"dos cosas. Veáse mi artÃculo <a href=\"http://stallman.org/articles/on-";
-"hacking.html\"><cite>On Hacking</cite></a> (en inglés)."
+"Por qué ahora es más importante que nunca <a href=\"/philosophy/free-"
+"software-even-more-important.html\">insistir en que el software que usamos "
+"debe ser libre</a>."
# type: Content of: <h3>
-#. type: Content of: <h3>
+#. type: Content of: <div><h3>
msgid "The collapse of the community"
msgstr "La desintegración de la comunidad"
# type: Content of: <p>
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"The situation changed drastically in the early 1980s when Digital "
"discontinued the PDP-10 series. Its architecture, elegant and powerful in "
@@ -178,15 +179,32 @@
"que integraban el sistema ITS resultaban obsoletos."
# type: Content of: <p>
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
+# | The AI Lab hacker community had already collapsed, not long before. In
+# | 1981, the spin-off company Symbolics had hired away nearly all of the
+# | hackers from the AI Lab, and the depopulated community was unable to
+# | maintain itself. (The book [-Hackers,-] {+<cite>Hackers</cite>,+} by
+# | Steve Levy, describes these events, as well as giving a clear picture of
+# | this community in its prime.) When the AI Lab bought a new PDP-10 in
+# | 1982, its administrators decided to use Digital's nonfree timesharing
+# | system instead of ITS.
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "The AI Lab hacker community had already collapsed, not long before. In "
+#| "1981, the spin-off company Symbolics had hired away nearly all of the "
+#| "hackers from the AI Lab, and the depopulated community was unable to "
+#| "maintain itself. (The book Hackers, by Steve Levy, describes these "
+#| "events, as well as giving a clear picture of this community in its "
+#| "prime.) When the AI Lab bought a new PDP-10 in 1982, its administrators "
+#| "decided to use Digital's nonfree timesharing system instead of ITS."
msgid ""
"The AI Lab hacker community had already collapsed, not long before. In "
"1981, the spin-off company Symbolics had hired away nearly all of the "
"hackers from the AI Lab, and the depopulated community was unable to "
-"maintain itself. (The book Hackers, by Steve Levy, describes these events, "
-"as well as giving a clear picture of this community in its prime.) When the "
-"AI Lab bought a new PDP-10 in 1982, its administrators decided to use "
-"Digital's nonfree timesharing system instead of ITS."
+"maintain itself. (The book <cite>Hackers</cite>, by Steve Levy, describes "
+"these events, as well as giving a clear picture of this community in its "
+"prime.) When the AI Lab bought a new PDP-10 in 1982, its administrators "
+"decided to use Digital's nonfree timesharing system instead of ITS."
msgstr ""
"La comunidad hacker del laboratorio de inteligencia artificial ya se habÃa "
"disuelto no mucho antes. En 1981, la compañÃa derivada <cite>Symbolics</"
@@ -198,7 +216,7 @@
"no era libre, en lugar del sistema de uso compartido de ITS."
# type: Content of: <p>
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"The modern computers of the era, such as the VAX or the 68020, had their own "
"operating systems, but none of them were free software: you had to sign a "
@@ -210,7 +228,7 @@
"ejecutable."
# type: Content of: <p>
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"This meant that the first step in using a computer was to promise not to "
"help your neighbor. A cooperating community was forbidden. The rule made "
@@ -225,7 +243,7 @@
"quieres algún cambio, ruéganos que lo hagamos»."
# type: Content of: <p>
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"The idea that the proprietary software social system—the system that "
"says you are not allowed to share or change software—is antisocial, "
@@ -249,11 +267,27 @@
"que no existe otra manera de abordar el tema."
# type: Content of: <p>
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
+# | When software publishers talk about “enforcing” their
+# | “rights” or “stopping <a
+# | [-href=\"/philosophy/words-to-avoid.html#Piracy\">piracy</a>”,-]
+# | {+href=\"/philosophy/words-to-avoid.html#Piracy\">piracy</a>,”+}
+# | what they actually <em>say</em> is secondary. The real message of these
+# | statements is in the unstated assumptions they take for granted, which the
+# | public is asked to accept without examination. Let's therefore examine
+# | them.
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "When software publishers talk about “enforcing” their “"
+#| "rights” or “stopping <a href=\"/philosophy/words-to-avoid."
+#| "html#Piracy\">piracy</a>”, what they actually <em>say</em> is "
+#| "secondary. The real message of these statements is in the unstated "
+#| "assumptions they take for granted, which the public is asked to accept "
+#| "without examination. Let's therefore examine them."
msgid ""
"When software publishers talk about “enforcing” their “"
"rights” or “stopping <a href=\"/philosophy/words-to-avoid."
-"html#Piracy\">piracy</a>”, what they actually <em>say</em> is "
+"html#Piracy\">piracy</a>,” what they actually <em>say</em> is "
"secondary. The real message of these statements is in the unstated "
"assumptions they take for granted, which the public is asked to accept "
"without examination. Let's therefore examine them."
@@ -265,7 +299,7 @@
"sentadas y que pretenden que el público acepte sin discusión.
Examinémoslas."
# type: Content of: <p>
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"One assumption is that software companies have an unquestionable natural "
"right to own software and thus have power over all its users. (If this were "
@@ -284,7 +318,7 @@
"por el Estado que limita el derecho natural de los usuarios a copiar."
# type: Content of: <p>
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"Another unstated assumption is that the only important thing about software "
"is what jobs it allows you to do—that we computer users should not "
@@ -296,7 +330,7 @@
"permite tener."
# type: Content of: <p>
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"A third assumption is that we would have no usable software (or would never "
"have a program to do this or that particular job) if we did not offer a "
@@ -312,7 +346,7 @@
"ponerle cadenas."
# type: Content of: <p>
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"If we decline to accept these assumptions, and judge these issues based on "
"ordinary commonsense morality while placing the users first, we arrive at "
@@ -328,13 +362,31 @@
"cooperación con los demás constituye la base de la sociedad."
# type: Content of: <p>
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
+# | There is no room here for an extensive statement of the reasoning behind
+# | this conclusion, so I refer the reader to [-the web pages <a
+# | href=\"/philosophy/why-free.html\">
+# | http://www.gnu.org/philosophy/why-free.html</a>-] {+“<a
+# | href=\"/philosophy/why-free.html\">Why Software Should Not Have
+# | Owners</a>,”+} and [-<a
+# | href=\"/philosophy/free-software-even-more-important.html\">
+# | http://www.gnu.org/philosophy/free-software-even-more-important.html</a>.-]
+# | {+“<a
+# | href=\"/philosophy/free-software-even-more-important.html\">Free Software
+# | Is Even More Important Now</a>.”+}
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "There is no room here for an extensive statement of the reasoning behind "
+#| "this conclusion, so I refer the reader to the web pages <a href=\"/"
+#| "philosophy/why-free.html\"> http://www.gnu.org/philosophy/why-free.html</"
+#| "a> and <a href=\"/philosophy/free-software-even-more-important.html\"> "
+#| "http://www.gnu.org/philosophy/free-software-even-more-important.html</a>."
msgid ""
"There is no room here for an extensive statement of the reasoning behind "
-"this conclusion, so I refer the reader to the web pages <a href=\"/"
-"philosophy/why-free.html\"> http://www.gnu.org/philosophy/why-free.html</a> "
-"and <a href=\"/philosophy/free-software-even-more-important.html\"> http://";
-"www.gnu.org/philosophy/free-software-even-more-important.html</a>."
+"this conclusion, so I refer the reader to “<a href=\"/philosophy/why-"
+"free.html\">Why Software Should Not Have Owners</a>,” and “<a "
+"href=\"/philosophy/free-software-even-more-important.html\">Free Software Is "
+"Even More Important Now</a>.”"
msgstr ""
"No disponemos aquà de espacio para extendernos en las razones que llevan a "
"esta conclusión, por lo que remito al lector a las páginas <a href=\"/"
@@ -343,12 +395,12 @@
"gnu.org/philosophy/free-software-even-more-important.html</a>."
# type: Content of: <h3>
-#. type: Content of: <h3>
+#. type: Content of: <div><h3>
msgid "A stark moral choice"
msgstr "Una difÃcil elección moral"
# type: Content of: <p>
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"With my community gone, to continue as before was impossible. Instead, I "
"faced a stark moral choice."
@@ -357,7 +409,7 @@
"que afrontar una difÃcil elección moral."
# type: Content of: <p>
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"The easy choice was to join the proprietary software world, signing "
"nondisclosure agreements and promising not to help my fellow hacker. Most "
@@ -373,7 +425,7 @@
"a sus compañeros."
# type: Content of: <p>
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"I could have made money this way, and perhaps amused myself writing code. "
"But I knew that at the end of my career, I would look back on years of "
@@ -386,7 +438,7 @@
"sentirÃa que habÃa empleado mi vida en hacer del mundo un lugar peor."
# type: Content of: <p>
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"I had already experienced being on the receiving end of a nondisclosure "
"agreement, when someone refused to give me and the MIT AI Lab the source "
@@ -407,7 +459,7 @@
"mismo a los demás."
# type: Content of: <p>
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"Another choice, straightforward but unpleasant, was to leave the computer "
"field. That way my skills would not be misused, but they would still be "
@@ -420,7 +472,7 @@
"a los usuarios de ordenadores, pero eso sucederÃa de todos modos."
# type: Content of: <p>
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"So I looked for a way that a programmer could do something for the good. I "
"asked myself, was there a program or programs that I could write, so as to "
@@ -431,7 +483,7 @@
"resurgir la comunidad."
# type: Content of: <p>
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"The answer was clear: what was needed first was an operating system. That "
"is the crucial software for starting to use a computer. With an operating "
@@ -451,7 +503,24 @@
"amigos y amigas."
# type: Content of: <p>
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
+# | As an operating system developer, I had the right skills for this job. So
+# | even though I could not take success for granted, I realized that I was
+# | elected to do the job. I chose to make the system compatible with Unix so
+# | that it would be portable, and so that Unix users could easily switch to
+# | it. The name GNU was chosen, following a hacker tradition, as a recursive
+# | acronym for “GNU's Not Unix.” It is pronounced as <a
+# | href=\"/gnu/pronunciation.html\">one syllable with a [-hard g</a>.-]
+# | {+hard <i>g</i></a>.+}
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "As an operating system developer, I had the right skills for this job. "
+#| "So even though I could not take success for granted, I realized that I "
+#| "was elected to do the job. I chose to make the system compatible with "
+#| "Unix so that it would be portable, and so that Unix users could easily "
+#| "switch to it. The name GNU was chosen, following a hacker tradition, as "
+#| "a recursive acronym for “GNU's Not Unix.” It is pronounced as "
+#| "<a href=\"/gnu/pronunciation.html\">one syllable with a hard g</a>."
msgid ""
"As an operating system developer, I had the right skills for this job. So "
"even though I could not take success for granted, I realized that I was "
@@ -459,7 +528,7 @@
"that it would be portable, and so that Unix users could easily switch to "
"it. The name GNU was chosen, following a hacker tradition, as a recursive "
"acronym for “GNU's Not Unix.” It is pronounced as <a href=\"/gnu/"
-"pronunciation.html\">one syllable with a hard g</a>."
+"pronunciation.html\">one syllable with a hard <i>g</i></a>."
msgstr ""
"Como programador de sistemas operativos, tenÃa las aptitudes necesarias para
"
"esa labor, y aunque no podÃa estar seguro de que lo lograrÃa, me di cuenta "
@@ -471,7 +540,7 @@
"pronunciation.html\">como una sola sÃlaba: <cite>ñu</cite></a>."
# type: Content of: <p>
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"An operating system does not mean just a kernel, barely enough to run other "
"programs. In the 1970s, every operating system worthy of the name included "
@@ -487,44 +556,41 @@
"los tenÃa. El sistema operativo GNU también los incluirÃa."
# type: Content of: <p>
-#. type: Content of: <p>
-msgid "Later I heard these words, attributed to Hillel (1):"
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
+# | Later I heard these words, attributed to [-Hillel (1):-] {+Hillel <a
+# | href=\"#ft2\">[2]</a>:+}
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid "Later I heard these words, attributed to Hillel (1):"
+msgid ""
+"Later I heard these words, attributed to Hillel <a href=\"#ft2\">[2]</"
+"a>:"
msgstr "Más adelante escuché estas palabras, atribuidas a Hillel (1):"
-#. type: Content of: <blockquote><p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><blockquote><p>
msgid "If I am not for myself, who will be for me?"
msgstr "Si yo no me ocupo de mÃ, ¿quién lo hará?"
-#. type: Content of: <blockquote><p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><blockquote><p>
msgid "If I am only for myself, what am I?"
msgstr "Si solo me ocupo de mÃ, ¿qué soy?"
-#. type: Content of: <blockquote><p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><blockquote><p>
msgid "If not now, when?"
msgstr "Si no es ahora, ¿cuándo?"
# type: Content of: <p>
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid "The decision to start the GNU Project was based on a similar spirit."
msgstr ""
"La decisión de comenzar el Proyecto GNU se basó en un espÃritu similar."
-# type: Content of: <p>
-#. type: Content of: <p>
-msgid ""
-"(1) As an Atheist, I don't follow any religious leaders, but I sometimes "
-"find I admire something one of them has said."
-msgstr ""
-"(1) Como ateo, no sigo a ningún lÃder religioso, pero a veces admiro algo "
-"que ha dicho uno de ellos."
-
# type: Content of: <h3>
-#. type: Content of: <h3>
+#. type: Content of: <div><h3>
msgid "Free as in freedom"
msgstr "«<cite>Free</cite>» en su acepción de «libertad»"
# type: Content of: <p>
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"The term “free software” is sometimes misunderstood—it has "
"nothing to do with price. It is about freedom. Here, therefore, is the "
@@ -536,20 +602,20 @@
"software libre."
# type: Content of: <p>
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid "A program is free software, for you, a particular user, if:"
msgstr ""
"Un programa es software libre, para usted como usuario concreto, si le "
"ofrece las siguientes libertades:"
# type: Content of: <ul><li>
-#. type: Content of: <ul><li>
+#. type: Content of: <div><ul><li>
msgid "You have the freedom to run the program as you wish, for any purpose."
msgstr ""
"La libertad de ejecutar el programa como desee y para cualquier propósito."
# type: Content of: <ul><li>
-#. type: Content of: <ul><li>
+#. type: Content of: <div><ul><li>
msgid ""
"You have the freedom to modify the program to suit your needs. (To make "
"this freedom effective in practice, you must have access to the source code, "
@@ -562,7 +628,7 @@
"incorporar cambios en un programa resulta extremadamente difÃcil)."
# type: Content of: <ul><li>
-#. type: Content of: <ul><li>
+#. type: Content of: <div><ul><li>
msgid ""
"You have the freedom to redistribute copies, either gratis or for a fee."
msgstr ""
@@ -570,7 +636,7 @@
"precio."
# type: Content of: <ul><li>
-#. type: Content of: <ul><li>
+#. type: Content of: <div><ul><li>
msgid ""
"You have the freedom to distribute modified versions of the program, so that "
"the community can benefit from your improvements."
@@ -579,7 +645,7 @@
"comunidad pueda beneficiarse de las mejoras introducidas."
# type: Content of: <p>
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"Since “free” refers to freedom, not to price, there is no "
"contradiction between selling copies and free software. In fact, the "
@@ -597,14 +663,34 @@
"programa no es software libre."
# type: Content of: <p>
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
+# | Because of the ambiguity of [-“free”,-]
+# | {+“free,”+} people have long looked for alternatives, but no
+# | one has found a better term. The English language has more words and
+# | nuances than any other, but it lacks a simple, unambiguous, word that
+# | means [-“free”,-] {+“free,”+} as in
+# | freedom—“unfettered” being the word that comes closest
+# | in meaning. Such alternatives as [-“liberated”,
+# | “freedom”,-] {+“liberated,”
+# | “freedom,”+} and “open” have either the wrong
+# | meaning or some other disadvantage.
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "Because of the ambiguity of “free”, people have long looked "
+#| "for alternatives, but no one has found a better term. The English "
+#| "language has more words and nuances than any other, but it lacks a "
+#| "simple, unambiguous, word that means “free”, as in "
+#| "freedom—“unfettered” being the word that comes closest "
+#| "in meaning. Such alternatives as “liberated”, “"
+#| "freedom”, and “open” have either the wrong meaning or "
+#| "some other disadvantage."
msgid ""
-"Because of the ambiguity of “free”, people have long looked for "
+"Because of the ambiguity of “free,” people have long looked for "
"alternatives, but no one has found a better term. The English language has "
"more words and nuances than any other, but it lacks a simple, unambiguous, "
-"word that means “free”, as in freedom—“"
+"word that means “free,” as in freedom—“"
"unfettered” being the word that comes closest in meaning. Such "
-"alternatives as “liberated”, “freedom”, and “"
+"alternatives as “liberated,” “freedom,” and “"
"open” have either the wrong meaning or some other disadvantage."
msgstr ""
"A causa de la ambigüedad del adjetivo «<cite>free</cite>», la gente ha "
@@ -618,12 +704,12 @@
"presentan otros inconvenientes."
# type: Content of: <h3>
-#. type: Content of: <h3>
+#. type: Content of: <div><h3>
msgid "GNU software and the GNU system"
msgstr "Software de GNU y el sistema GNU"
# type: Content of: <p>
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"Developing a whole system is a very large project. To bring it into reach, "
"I decided to adapt and use existing pieces of free software wherever that "
@@ -639,7 +725,7 @@
"GNU."
# type: Content of: <p>
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"Because of these decisions, and others like them, the GNU system is not the "
"same as the collection of all GNU software. The GNU system includes "
@@ -654,12 +740,12 @@
"podemos utilizar porque son software libre."
# type: Content of: <h3>
-#. type: Content of: <h3>
+#. type: Content of: <div><h3>
msgid "Commencing the project"
msgstr "El inicio del proyecto"
# type: Content of: <p>
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"In January 1984 I quit my job at MIT and began writing GNU software. "
"Leaving MIT was necessary so that MIT would not be able to interfere with "
@@ -680,7 +766,7 @@
"objetivo: crear una nueva comunidad para compartir software."
# type: Content of: <p>
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"However, Professor Winston, then the head of the MIT AI Lab, kindly invited "
"me to keep using the lab's facilities."
@@ -690,16 +776,30 @@
"continuase utilizando las instalaciones del laboratorio."
# type: Content of: <h3>
-#. type: Content of: <h3>
+#. type: Content of: <div><h3>
msgid "The first steps"
msgstr "Los primeros pasos"
# type: Content of: <p>
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
+# | Shortly before beginning the GNU Project, I heard about the Free
+# | University Compiler Kit, also known as VUCK. (The Dutch word for
+# | “free” is written with a [-<em>v</em>.)-] {+<i>v</i>.)+} This
+# | was a compiler designed to handle multiple languages, including C and
+# | Pascal, and to support multiple target machines. I wrote to its author
+# | asking if GNU could use it.
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "Shortly before beginning the GNU Project, I heard about the Free "
+#| "University Compiler Kit, also known as VUCK. (The Dutch word for “"
+#| "free” is written with a <em>v</em>.) This was a compiler designed "
+#| "to handle multiple languages, including C and Pascal, and to support "
+#| "multiple target machines. I wrote to its author asking if GNU could use "
+#| "it."
msgid ""
"Shortly before beginning the GNU Project, I heard about the Free University "
"Compiler Kit, also known as VUCK. (The Dutch word for “free” is "
-"written with a <em>v</em>.) This was a compiler designed to handle multiple "
+"written with a <i>v</i>.) This was a compiler designed to handle multiple "
"languages, including C and Pascal, and to support multiple target machines. "
"I wrote to its author asking if GNU could use it."
msgstr ""
@@ -712,7 +812,7 @@
"utilizarlo en GNU."
# type: Content of: <p>
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"He responded derisively, stating that the university was free but the "
"compiler was not. I therefore decided that my first program for the GNU "
@@ -724,7 +824,7 @@
"serÃa un compilador multilenguaje y multiplataforma."
# type: Content of: <p>
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"Hoping to avoid the need to write the whole compiler myself, I obtained the "
"source code for the Pastel compiler, which was a multiplatform compiler "
@@ -745,11 +845,31 @@
"megabytes de espacio, mientras que el sistema Unix 68000 admitÃa solo 64k."
# type: Content of: <p>
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
+# | I then realized that the Pastel compiler functioned by parsing the entire
+# | input file into a syntax tree, converting the whole syntax tree into a
+# | chain of [-“instructions”,-] {+“instructions,”+}
+# | and then generating the whole output file, without ever freeing any
+# | storage. At this point, I concluded I would have to write a new compiler
+# | from scratch. That new compiler is now known as <abbr title=\"GNU
+# | Compiler Collection\">GCC</abbr>; none of the Pastel compiler is used in
+# | it, but I managed to adapt and use the C front end that I had written.
+# | But that was some years later; first, I worked on GNU Emacs.
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "I then realized that the Pastel compiler functioned by parsing the entire "
+#| "input file into a syntax tree, converting the whole syntax tree into a "
+#| "chain of “instructions”, and then generating the whole output "
+#| "file, without ever freeing any storage. At this point, I concluded I "
+#| "would have to write a new compiler from scratch. That new compiler is "
+#| "now known as <abbr title=\"GNU Compiler Collection\">GCC</abbr>; none of "
+#| "the Pastel compiler is used in it, but I managed to adapt and use the C "
+#| "front end that I had written. But that was some years later; first, I "
+#| "worked on GNU Emacs."
msgid ""
"I then realized that the Pastel compiler functioned by parsing the entire "
"input file into a syntax tree, converting the whole syntax tree into a chain "
-"of “instructions”, and then generating the whole output file, "
+"of “instructions,” and then generating the whole output file, "
"without ever freeing any storage. At this point, I concluded I would have "
"to write a new compiler from scratch. That new compiler is now known as "
"<abbr title=\"GNU Compiler Collection\">GCC</abbr>; none of the Pastel "
@@ -767,12 +887,12 @@
"trabajé en el desarrollo de GNU Emacs."
# type: Content of: <h3>
-#. type: Content of: <h3>
+#. type: Content of: <div><h3>
msgid "GNU Emacs"
msgstr "GNU Emacs"
# type: Content of: <p>
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"I began work on GNU Emacs in September 1984, and in early 1985 it was "
"beginning to be usable. This enabled me to begin using Unix systems to do "
@@ -786,7 +906,7 @@
"máquinas."
# type: Content of: <p>
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"At this point, people began wanting to use GNU Emacs, which raised the "
"question of how to distribute it. Of course, I put it on the anonymous ftp "
@@ -807,7 +927,7 @@
"y por lo tanto no podÃan obtener copias por ese medio. ¿Qué podÃa
decirles?"
# type: Content of: <p>
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"I could have said, “Find a friend who is on the net and who will make "
"a copy for you.” Or I could have done what I did with the original "
@@ -830,12 +950,12 @@
"sistemas GNU/Linux completos."
# type: Content of: <h3>
-#. type: Content of: <h3>
+#. type: Content of: <div><h3>
msgid "Is a program free for every user?"
msgstr "¿Un programa es libre para cualquier usuario?"
# type: Content of: <p>
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"If a program is free software when it leaves the hands of its author, this "
"does not necessarily mean it will be free software for everyone who has a "
@@ -857,7 +977,7 @@
"versiones modificadas privativas."
# type: Content of: <p>
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"The paradigmatic example of this problem is the X Window System. Developed "
"at MIT, and released as free software with a permissive license, it was soon "
@@ -873,11 +993,23 @@
"pasaron a ser software privativo, tal como era Unix."
# type: Content of: <p>
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
+# | The developers of the X Window System did not consider this a
+# | problem—they expected and intended this to happen. Their goal was
+# | not freedom, just [-“success”,-] {+“success,”+}
+# | defined as “having many users.” They did not care whether
+# | these users had freedom, only that they should be numerous.
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "The developers of the X Window System did not consider this a "
+#| "problem—they expected and intended this to happen. Their goal was "
+#| "not freedom, just “success”, defined as “having many "
+#| "users.” They did not care whether these users had freedom, only "
+#| "that they should be numerous."
msgid ""
"The developers of the X Window System did not consider this a problem—"
"they expected and intended this to happen. Their goal was not freedom, just "
-"“success”, defined as “having many users.” They did "
+"“success,” defined as “having many users.” They did "
"not care whether these users had freedom, only that they should be numerous."
msgstr ""
"Los desarrolladores del sistema de ventanas X no consideraban que esto fuese "
@@ -887,7 +1019,7 @@
"numerosos."
# type: Content of: <p>
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"This led to a paradoxical situation where two different ways of counting the "
"amount of freedom gave different answers to the question, “Is this "
@@ -907,17 +1039,28 @@
"con los sistemas Unix, no la versión libre."
# type: Content of: <h3>
-#. type: Content of: <h3>
+#. type: Content of: <div><h3>
msgid "Copyleft and the GNU GPL"
msgstr "El copyleft y la GPL de GNU"
# type: Content of: <p>
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
+# | The goal of GNU was to give users freedom, not just to be popular. So we
+# | needed to use distribution terms that would prevent GNU software from
+# | being turned into proprietary software. The method we use is called
+# | [-“copyleft”.(1)-] {+“copyleft” <a
+# | href=\"#ft3\">[3]</a>.+}
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "The goal of GNU was to give users freedom, not just to be popular. So we "
+#| "needed to use distribution terms that would prevent GNU software from "
+#| "being turned into proprietary software. The method we use is called "
+#| "“copyleft”.(1)"
msgid ""
"The goal of GNU was to give users freedom, not just to be popular. So we "
"needed to use distribution terms that would prevent GNU software from being "
"turned into proprietary software. The method we use is called “"
-"copyleft”.(1)"
+"copyleft” <a href=\"#ft3\">[3]</a>."
msgstr ""
"El objetivo de GNU era otorgar libertad a los usuarios, no simplemente "
"alcanzar la popularidad. Para ello necesitábamos unos términos de "
@@ -925,7 +1068,7 @@
"software privativo. El método que empleamos se denomina «copyleft» (1)."
# type: Content of: <p>
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"Copyleft uses copyright law, but flips it over to serve the opposite of its "
"usual purpose: instead of a means for restricting a program, it becomes a "
@@ -937,7 +1080,7 @@
"preservarlo como software libre."
# type: Content of: <p>
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"The central idea of copyleft is that we give everyone permission to run the "
"program, copy the program, modify the program, and distribute modified "
@@ -953,7 +1096,7 @@
"estas libertades se transforman en derechos inalienables."
# type: Content of: <p>
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"For an effective copyleft, modified versions must also be free. This "
"ensures that work based on ours becomes available to our community if it is "
@@ -971,7 +1114,7 @@
"queremos utilizar para crear nuestra versión privativa del programa»."
# type: Content of: <p>
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"The requirement that changes must be free is essential if we want to ensure "
"freedom for every user of the program. The companies that privatized the X "
@@ -989,7 +1132,7 @@
"podrÃa fácilmente aprovecharse de esa excusa."
# type: Content of: <p>
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"A related issue concerns combining a free program with nonfree code. Such a "
"combination would inevitably be nonfree; whichever freedoms are lacking for "
@@ -1009,13 +1152,27 @@
"combinada total también sea libre y esté igualmente bajo copyleft."
# type: Content of: <p>
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
+# | The specific implementation of copyleft that we use for most GNU software
+# | is the GNU General Public License, or GNU GPL for short. We have other
+# | kinds of copyleft that are used in specific circumstances. GNU manuals
+# | are copylefted also, but use a much simpler kind of copyleft, because the
+# | complexity of the GNU GPL is not necessary for [-manuals.(2)-]
+# | {+manuals. <a href=\"#ft4\">[4]</a>+}
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "The specific implementation of copyleft that we use for most GNU software "
+#| "is the GNU General Public License, or GNU GPL for short. We have other "
+#| "kinds of copyleft that are used in specific circumstances. GNU manuals "
+#| "are copylefted also, but use a much simpler kind of copyleft, because the "
+#| "complexity of the GNU GPL is not necessary for manuals.(2)"
msgid ""
"The specific implementation of copyleft that we use for most GNU software is "
"the GNU General Public License, or GNU GPL for short. We have other kinds "
"of copyleft that are used in specific circumstances. GNU manuals are "
"copylefted also, but use a much simpler kind of copyleft, because the "
-"complexity of the GNU GPL is not necessary for manuals.(2)"
+"complexity of the GNU GPL is not necessary for manuals. <a href="
+"\"#ft4\">[4]</a>"
msgstr ""
"La implementación concreta de copyleft que utilizamos para la mayorÃa del "
"software de GNU es la Licencia Pública General de GNU (<cite>GNU General "
@@ -1024,42 +1181,36 @@
"bajo copyleft, pero es un copyleft mucho más simple, porque la complejidad "
"de la GPL de GNU no es necesaria para los manuales (2)."
-# type: Content of: <p>
-#. type: Content of: <p>
-msgid ""
-"(1) In 1984 or 1985, Don Hopkins (a very imaginative fellow) mailed me a "
-"letter. On the envelope he had written several amusing sayings, including "
-"this one: “Copyleft—all rights reversed.” I used the word "
-"“copyleft” to name the distribution concept I was developing at "
-"the time."
-msgstr ""
-"(1) En 1984 o 1985, Don Hopkins (un compañero muy ocurrente) me envÃo una "
-"carta. En el sobre habÃa escrito varias frases divertidas, entre ellas: "
-"«Copyleft, todos los derechos reversados»<a href=\"#TransNote3\" id="
-"\"TransNote3-rev\"><sup>[3]</sup></a>. Utilicé la palabra «copyleft» para "
-"denominar el concepto de distribución que estaba definiendo por entonces."
-
-# type: Content of: <p>
-#. type: Content of: <p>
-msgid ""
-"(2) We now use the <a href=\"/licenses/fdl.html\">GNU Free Documentation "
-"License</a> for documentation."
-msgstr ""
-"(2) Para la documentación ahora utilizamos la <a href=\"/licenses/fdl.html"
-"\">Licencia de documentación libre de GNU</a> (<abbr title=\"Free "
-"Documentation License\">FDL</abbr> de GNU)."
-
# type: Content of: <h3>
-#. type: Content of: <h3>
+#. type: Content of: <div><h3>
msgid "The Free Software Foundation"
msgstr "La Free Software Foundation"
# type: Content of: <p>
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
+# | As interest in using Emacs was growing, other people became involved in
+# | the GNU project, and we decided that it was time to seek funding once
+# | again. So in 1985 we created the <a
+# | href=\"http{+s+}://www.fsf.org/\">Free Software Foundation</a> (FSF), a
+# | tax-exempt charity for free software development. The <abbr title=\"Free
+# | Software Foundation\">FSF</abbr> also took over the Emacs tape
+# | distribution business; later it extended this by adding other free
+# | software (both GNU and non-GNU) to the tape, and by selling free manuals
+# | as well.
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "As interest in using Emacs was growing, other people became involved in "
+#| "the GNU project, and we decided that it was time to seek funding once "
+#| "again. So in 1985 we created the <a href=\"http://www.fsf.org/\";>Free "
+#| "Software Foundation</a> (FSF), a tax-exempt charity for free software "
+#| "development. The <abbr title=\"Free Software Foundation\">FSF</abbr> "
+#| "also took over the Emacs tape distribution business; later it extended "
+#| "this by adding other free software (both GNU and non-GNU) to the tape, "
+#| "and by selling free manuals as well."
msgid ""
"As interest in using Emacs was growing, other people became involved in the "
"GNU project, and we decided that it was time to seek funding once again. So "
-"in 1985 we created the <a href=\"http://www.fsf.org/\";>Free Software "
+"in 1985 we created the <a href=\"https://www.fsf.org/\";>Free Software "
"Foundation</a> (FSF), a tax-exempt charity for free software development. "
"The <abbr title=\"Free Software Foundation\">FSF</abbr> also took over the "
"Emacs tape distribution business; later it extended this by adding other "
@@ -1076,16 +1227,37 @@
"eran de GNU) y a vender manuales libres."
# type: Content of: <p>
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
+# | Most of the FSF's income used to come from sales of copies of free
+# | software and of other related services (CD-ROMs of source code, CD-ROMs
+# | with binaries, nicely printed manuals, all with the freedom to
+# | redistribute and modify), and Deluxe Distributions (distributions for
+# | which we built the whole collection of software for the customer's choice
+# | of platform). Today the FSF still <a href=\"http{+s+}://shop.fsf.org/\">
+# | sells manuals and other gear</a>, but it gets the bulk of its funding from
+# | members' dues. You can join the FSF at <a
+# | [-href=\"http://fsf.org/join\";>fsf.org</a>.-]
+# | {+href=\"https://my.fsf.org/join\";>fsf.org</a>.+}
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "Most of the FSF's income used to come from sales of copies of free "
+#| "software and of other related services (CD-ROMs of source code, CD-ROMs "
+#| "with binaries, nicely printed manuals, all with the freedom to "
+#| "redistribute and modify), and Deluxe Distributions (distributions for "
+#| "which we built the whole collection of software for the customer's choice "
+#| "of platform). Today the FSF still <a href=\"http://shop.fsf.org/\";> "
+#| "sells manuals and other gear</a>, but it gets the bulk of its funding "
+#| "from members' dues. You can join the FSF at <a href=\"http://fsf.org/join";
+#| "\">fsf.org</a>."
msgid ""
"Most of the FSF's income used to come from sales of copies of free software "
"and of other related services (CD-ROMs of source code, CD-ROMs with "
"binaries, nicely printed manuals, all with the freedom to redistribute and "
"modify), and Deluxe Distributions (distributions for which we built the "
"whole collection of software for the customer's choice of platform). Today "
-"the FSF still <a href=\"http://shop.fsf.org/\";> sells manuals and other "
+"the FSF still <a href=\"https://shop.fsf.org/\";> sells manuals and other "
"gear</a>, but it gets the bulk of its funding from members' dues. You can "
-"join the FSF at <a href=\"http://fsf.org/join\";>fsf.org</a>."
+"join the FSF at <a href=\"https://my.fsf.org/join\";>fsf.org</a>."
msgstr ""
"La mayor parte de los ingresos de la FSF procedÃa de la venta de copias de "
"software libre y otros servicios relacionados: CD-ROM con código fuente, CD-"
@@ -1098,7 +1270,24 @@
"\"http://fsf.org/join\";>fsf.org</a>."
# type: Content of: <p>
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
+# | Free Software Foundation employees have written and maintained a number of
+# | GNU software packages. Two notable ones are the C library and the shell.
+# | The GNU C library is what every program running on a GNU/Linux system uses
+# | to communicate with Linux. It was developed by a member of the Free
+# | Software Foundation staff, Roland McGrath. The shell used on most
+# | GNU/Linux systems is <abbr title=\"Bourne Again Shell\">BASH</abbr>, the
+# | Bourne Again [-Shell(1),-] {+SHell <a href=\"#ft5\">[5]</a>,+} which
+# | was developed by FSF employee Brian Fox.
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "Free Software Foundation employees have written and maintained a number "
+#| "of GNU software packages. Two notable ones are the C library and the "
+#| "shell. The GNU C library is what every program running on a GNU/Linux "
+#| "system uses to communicate with Linux. It was developed by a member of "
+#| "the Free Software Foundation staff, Roland McGrath. The shell used on "
+#| "most GNU/Linux systems is <abbr title=\"Bourne Again Shell\">BASH</abbr>, "
+#| "the Bourne Again Shell(1), which was developed by FSF employee Brian Fox."
msgid ""
"Free Software Foundation employees have written and maintained a number of "
"GNU software packages. Two notable ones are the C library and the shell. "
@@ -1106,7 +1295,8 @@
"to communicate with Linux. It was developed by a member of the Free "
"Software Foundation staff, Roland McGrath. The shell used on most GNU/Linux "
"systems is <abbr title=\"Bourne Again Shell\">BASH</abbr>, the Bourne Again "
-"Shell(1), which was developed by FSF employee Brian Fox."
+"SHell <a href=\"#ft5\">[5]</a>, which was developed by FSF employee "
+"Brian Fox."
msgstr ""
"Empleados de la Free Software Foundation han escrito y se han encargado del "
"mantenimiento de una serie de paquetes de GNU. Dos ejemplos destacables son "
@@ -1119,7 +1309,7 @@
"Brian Fox, también empleado de la FSF."
# type: Content of: <p>
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"We funded development of these programs because the GNU Project was not just "
"about tools or a development environment. Our goal was a complete operating "
@@ -1130,23 +1320,13 @@
"Nuestra meta era construir un sistema operativo completo, y necesitábamos "
"esos programas para lograrlo."
-# type: Content of: <p>
-#. type: Content of: <p>
-msgid ""
-"(1) “Bourne Again Shell” is a play on the name “Bourne "
-"Shell”, which was the usual shell on Unix."
-msgstr ""
-"(1) «<cite>Bourne Again Shell</cite>» es un juego de palabras con el nombre
"
-"«<cite>Bourne Shell</cite>», que era el intérprete de comandos comúnmente
"
-"utilizado en Unix."
-
# type: Content of: <h3>
-#. type: Content of: <h3>
+#. type: Content of: <div><h3>
msgid "Free software support"
msgstr "Servicios relacionados con el software libre"
# type: Content of: <p>
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"The free software philosophy rejects a specific widespread business "
"practice, but it is not against business. When businesses respect the "
@@ -1157,7 +1337,7 @@
"empresas respetan la libertad de los usuarios, les deseamos mucho éxito."
# type: Content of: <p>
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"Selling copies of Emacs demonstrates one kind of free software business. "
"When the FSF took over that business, I needed another way to make a "
@@ -1175,7 +1355,7 @@
"todo la migración de GCC a nuevas plataformas."
# type: Content of: <p>
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"Today each of these kinds of free software business is practiced by a number "
"of corporations. Some distribute free software collections on CD-ROM; "
@@ -1192,14 +1372,33 @@
"en el lanzamiento de nuevos productos de software libre."
# type: Content of: <p>
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
+# | Watch out, though—a number of companies that associate themselves
+# | with the term “open source” actually base their business on
+# | nonfree software that works with free software. These are not free
+# | software companies, they are proprietary software companies whose products
+# | tempt users away from freedom. They call these programs
+# | “value-added [-packages”,-] {+packages,”+} which shows
+# | the values they would like us to adopt: convenience above freedom. If we
+# | value freedom more, we should call them “freedom-subtracted”
+# | packages.
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "Watch out, though—a number of companies that associate themselves "
+#| "with the term “open source” actually base their business on "
+#| "nonfree software that works with free software. These are not free "
+#| "software companies, they are proprietary software companies whose "
+#| "products tempt users away from freedom. They call these programs “"
+#| "value-added packages”, which shows the values they would like us to "
+#| "adopt: convenience above freedom. If we value freedom more, we should "
+#| "call them “freedom-subtracted” packages."
msgid ""
"Watch out, though—a number of companies that associate themselves with "
"the term “open source” actually base their business on nonfree "
"software that works with free software. These are not free software "
"companies, they are proprietary software companies whose products tempt "
"users away from freedom. They call these programs “value-added "
-"packages”, which shows the values they would like us to adopt: "
+"packages,” which shows the values they would like us to adopt: "
"convenience above freedom. If we value freedom more, we should call them "
"“freedom-subtracted” packages."
msgstr ""
@@ -1213,12 +1412,12 @@
"deberÃamos denominarlos «paquetes con libertad sustraÃda»."
# type: Content of: <h3>
-#. type: Content of: <h3>
+#. type: Content of: <div><h3>
msgid "Technical goals"
msgstr "Objetivos técnicos"
# type: Content of: <p>
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"The principal goal of GNU is to be free software. Even if GNU had no "
"technical advantage over Unix, it would have a social advantage, allowing "
@@ -1230,7 +1429,7 @@
"la libertad de los usuarios."
# type: Content of: <p>
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"But it was natural to apply the known standards of good practice to the "
"work—for example, dynamically allocating data structures to avoid "
@@ -1244,7 +1443,7 @@
"razonable."
# type: Content of: <p>
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"In addition, we rejected the Unix focus on small memory size, by deciding "
"not to support 16-bit machines (it was clear that 32-bit machines would be "
@@ -1264,7 +1463,7 @@
"su contenido sin tener que preocuparse del I/O."
# type: Content of: <p>
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"These decisions enabled many GNU programs to surpass their Unix counterparts "
"in reliability and speed."
@@ -1273,12 +1472,12 @@
"homólogos de Unix en fiabilidad y velocidad."
# type: Content of: <h3>
-#. type: Content of: <h3>
+#. type: Content of: <div><h3>
msgid "Donated computers"
msgstr "Donación de ordenadores"
# type: Content of: <p>
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"As the GNU Project's reputation grew, people began offering to donate "
"machines running Unix to the project. These were very useful, because the "
@@ -1293,7 +1492,7 @@
"problema ético de si era correcto que tuviéramos siquiera una copia de
Unix."
# type: Content of: <p>
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"Unix was (and is) proprietary software, and the GNU Project's philosophy "
"said that we should not use proprietary software. But, applying the same "
@@ -1310,7 +1509,7 @@
"que ayudara a los demás a dejar de usar el paquete privativo."
# type: Content of: <p>
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"But, even if this was a justifiable evil, it was still an evil. Today we no "
"longer have any copies of Unix, because we have replaced them with free "
@@ -1324,12 +1523,12 @@
"reemplazado la máquina."
# type: Content of: <h3>
-#. type: Content of: <h3>
+#. type: Content of: <div><h3>
msgid "The GNU Task List"
msgstr "La lista de tareas de GNU"
# type: Content of: <p>
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"As the GNU Project proceeded, and increasing numbers of system components "
"were found or developed, eventually it became useful to make a list of the "
@@ -1349,13 +1548,27 @@
"sistema verdaderamente completo."
# type: Content of: <p>
-#. type: Content of: <p>
-msgid ""
-"Today (1), hardly any Unix components are left in the GNU Task List—"
-"those jobs had been done, aside from a few inessential ones. But the list "
-"is full of projects that some might call “applications”. Any "
-"program that appeals to more than a narrow class of users would be a useful "
-"thing to add to an operating system."
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
+# | [-Today (1),-]{+Today <a href=\"#ft6\">[6]</a>,+} hardly any Unix
+# | components are left in the GNU Task List—those jobs had been done,
+# | aside from a few inessential ones. But the list is full of projects that
+# | some might call [-“applications”.-]
+# | {+“applications.”+} Any program that appeals to more than a
+# | narrow class of users would be a useful thing to add to an operating
+# | system.
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "Today (1), hardly any Unix components are left in the GNU Task List—"
+#| "those jobs had been done, aside from a few inessential ones. But the "
+#| "list is full of projects that some might call “"
+#| "applications”. Any program that appeals to more than a narrow "
+#| "class of users would be a useful thing to add to an operating system."
+msgid ""
+"Today <a href=\"#ft6\">[6]</a>, hardly any Unix components are left in "
+"the GNU Task List—those jobs had been done, aside from a few "
+"inessential ones. But the list is full of projects that some might call "
+"“applications.” Any program that appeals to more than a narrow "
+"class of users would be a useful thing to add to an operating system."
msgstr ""
"En la actualidad (1) ya no queda casi ningún componente Unix en la Lista de "
"tareas de GNU; se concluyeron todas, excepto unas pocas que no son "
@@ -1364,7 +1577,7 @@
"despierte el interés de un conjunto de usuarios no muy reducido."
# type: Content of: <p>
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"Even games are included in the task list—and have been since the "
"beginning. Unix included games, so naturally GNU should too. But "
@@ -1379,31 +1592,27 @@
"incluimos en la lista una gama de diferentes tipos de juegos que podrÃan "
"gustar a los usuarios."
-# type: Content of: <p>
-#. type: Content of: <p>
-msgid ""
-"(1) That was written in 1998. In 2009 we no longer maintain a long task "
-"list. The community develops free software so fast that we can't even keep "
-"track of it all. Instead, we have a list of High Priority Projects, a much "
-"shorter list of projects we really want to encourage people to write."
-msgstr ""
-"(1) Ese texto se escribió en 1998. En 2009 ya no tenemos una larga lista de "
-"tareas. La comunidad programa software libre con tanta rapidez que ni "
-"siquiera podemos seguirle la pista a todos. Tenemos en cambio una lista de "
-"Proyectos de Alta Prioridad, una lista mucho más corta de proyectos en los "
-"que de verdad queremos animar a la gente a trabajar."
-
# type: Content of: <h3>
-#. type: Content of: <h3>
+#. type: Content of: <div><h3>
msgid "The GNU Library GPL"
msgstr "La GPL de GNU para bibliotecas"
# type: Content of: <p>
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
+# | The GNU C library uses a special kind of copyleft called the GNU Library
+# | General Public [-License(1),-] {+License <a href=\"#ft7\">[7]</a>,+}
+# | which gives permission to link proprietary software with the library. Why
+# | make this exception?
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "The GNU C library uses a special kind of copyleft called the GNU Library "
+#| "General Public License(1), which gives permission to link proprietary "
+#| "software with the library. Why make this exception?"
msgid ""
"The GNU C library uses a special kind of copyleft called the GNU Library "
-"General Public License(1), which gives permission to link proprietary "
-"software with the library. Why make this exception?"
+"General Public License <a href=\"#ft7\">[7]</a>, which gives "
+"permission to link proprietary software with the library. Why make this "
+"exception?"
msgstr ""
"La biblioteca C de GNU utiliza un tipo especial de copyleft denominado "
"<cite>GNU Library General Public License</cite> (1) (Licencia Pública "
@@ -1411,7 +1620,7 @@
"privativo con la biblioteca. ¿Por qué hacemos esta excepción?"
# type: Content of: <p>
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"It is not a matter of principle; there is no principle that says proprietary "
"software products are entitled to include our code. (Why contribute to a "
@@ -1425,7 +1634,7 @@
"cualquier otra biblioteca, es una decisión estratégica."
# type: Content of: <p>
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"The C library does a generic job; every proprietary system or compiler comes "
"with a C library. Therefore, to make our C library available only to free "
@@ -1439,7 +1648,7 @@
"biblioteca."
# type: Content of: <p>
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"One system is an exception to this: on the GNU system (and this includes GNU/"
"Linux), the GNU C library is the only C library. So the distribution terms "
@@ -1462,7 +1671,7 @@
"estrategia para la biblioteca C."
# type: Content of: <p>
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"For other libraries, the strategic decision needs to be considered on a case-"
"by-case basis. When a library does a special job that can help write "
@@ -1478,7 +1687,7 @@
"software privativo."
# type: Content of: <p>
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"Consider GNU Readline, a library that was developed to provide command-line "
"editing for BASH. Readline is released under the ordinary GNU GPL, not the "
@@ -1496,7 +1705,7 @@
"logro para la comunidad."
# type: Content of: <p>
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"Proprietary software developers have the advantages money provides; free "
"software developers need to make advantages for each other. I hope some day "
@@ -1513,27 +1722,13 @@
"construir nuevos programas libres y supongan asà una ventaja para el "
"posterior desarrollo de software libre."
-# type: Content of: <p>
-#. type: Content of: <p>
-msgid ""
-"(1) This license is now called the GNU Lesser General Public License, to "
-"avoid giving the idea that all libraries ought to use it. See <a href=\"/"
-"philosophy/why-not-lgpl.html\">Why you shouldn't use the Lesser GPL for your "
-"next library</a> for more information."
-msgstr ""
-"(1) Esta licencia se llama ahora <cite>GNU Lesser General Public License</"
-"cite> (Licencia Pública General Reducida de GNU), para evitar transmitir la "
-"idea de que se debe usar para todas las bibliotecas. Para más información, "
-"véase <a href=\"/philosophy/why-not-lgpl.html\">Por qué en su próxima "
-"biblioteca no deberÃa utilizar la GPL Reducida</a>."
-
# type: Content of: <h3>
-#. type: Content of: <h3>
+#. type: Content of: <div><h3>
msgid "Scratching an itch?"
msgstr "¿Rascando donde pica?"
# type: Content of: <p>
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"Eric Raymond says that “Every good work of software starts by "
"scratching a developer's personal itch.” Maybe that happens sometimes, "
@@ -1548,7 +1743,7 @@
"resultado de una visión y de un plan, no por un impulso."
# type: Content of: <p>
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"For example, we developed the GNU C library because a Unix-like system needs "
"a C library, BASH because a Unix-like system needs a shell, and GNU tar "
@@ -1562,7 +1757,7 @@
"programas: el compilador C de GNU, Emacs de GNU, GDB y Make de GNU."
# type: Content of: <p>
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"Some GNU programs were developed to cope with specific threats to our "
"freedom. Thus, we developed gzip to replace the Compress program, which had "
@@ -1586,7 +1781,7 @@
"deben verse obligados a elegir entre privacidad y libertad."
# type: Content of: <p>
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"Of course, the people writing these programs became interested in the work, "
"and many features were added to them by various people for the sake of their "
@@ -1598,12 +1793,12 @@
"existe el programa."
# type: Content of: <h3>
-#. type: Content of: <h3>
+#. type: Content of: <div><h3>
msgid "Unexpected developments"
msgstr "Situaciones inesperadas"
# type: Content of: <p>
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"At the beginning of the GNU Project, I imagined that we would develop the "
"whole GNU system, then release it as a whole. That is not how it happened."
@@ -1612,7 +1807,7 @@
"GNU completo y luego lo publicarÃamos en su totalidad. Pero no fue asÃ."
# type: Content of: <p>
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"Since each component of the GNU system was implemented on a Unix system, "
"each component could run on Unix systems long before a complete GNU system "
@@ -1627,7 +1822,7 @@
"incompatibles de Unix, y en ocasiones también a otros sistemas."
# type: Content of: <p>
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"The process made these programs much more powerful, and attracted both funds "
"and contributors to the GNU Project. But it probably also delayed "
@@ -1645,12 +1840,12 @@
"otro."
# type: Content of: <h3>
-#. type: Content of: <h3>
+#. type: Content of: <div><h3>
msgid "The GNU Hurd"
msgstr "El Hurd de GNU"
# type: Content of: <p>
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"By 1990, the GNU system was almost complete; the only major missing "
"component was the kernel. We had decided to implement our kernel as a "
@@ -1672,7 +1867,7 @@
"libre, tal como se habÃa prometido."
# type: Content of: <p>
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"One reason for choosing this design was to avoid what seemed to be the "
"hardest part of the job: debugging a kernel program without a source-level "
@@ -1692,12 +1887,12 @@
"lleva extendiéndose muchos años."
# type: Content of: <h3>
-#. type: Content of: <h3>
+#. type: Content of: <div><h3>
msgid "Alix"
msgstr "Alix"
# type: Content of: <p>
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"The GNU kernel was not originally supposed to be called the Hurd. Its "
"original name was Alix—named after the woman who was my sweetheart at "
@@ -1714,7 +1909,7 @@
"dije nada, pero decidà sorprenderla con un núcleo llamado Alix."
# type: Content of: <p>
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"It did not stay that way. Michael (now Thomas) Bushnell, the main developer "
"of the kernel, preferred the name Hurd, and redefined Alix to refer to a "
@@ -1728,7 +1923,7 @@
"Hurd."
# type: Content of: <p>
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"Later, Alix and I broke up, and she changed her name; independently, the "
"Hurd design was changed so that the C library would send messages directly "
@@ -1740,7 +1935,7 @@
"Alix desapareció del diseño."
# type: Content of: <p>
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"But before these things happened, a friend of hers came across the name Alix "
"in the Hurd source code, and mentioned it to her. So she did have the "
@@ -1751,12 +1946,12 @@
"la oportunidad de ver su nombre en un núcleo."
# type: Content of: <h3>
-#. type: Content of: <h3>
+#. type: Content of: <div><h3>
msgid "Linux and GNU/Linux"
msgstr "Linux y GNU/Linux"
# type: Content of: <p>
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"The GNU Hurd is not suitable for production use, and we don't know if it "
"ever will be. The capability-based design has problems that result directly "
@@ -1769,7 +1964,7 @@
"flexibilidad del diseño, y no está claro que existan soluciones."
# type: Content of: <p>
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"Fortunately, another kernel is available. In 1991, Linus Torvalds developed "
"a Unix-compatible kernel and called it Linux. It was proprietary at first, "
@@ -1786,12 +1981,26 @@
"supuso una considerable cantidad de trabajo). Se debe a Linux que en la "
"actualidad podamos ejecutar una versión del sistema GNU."
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
+# | We call this system version <a href=\"/gnu/linux-and-gnu.html\">
+# | GNU/Linux</a>, to express its composition as a combination of the GNU
+# | system with Linux as the kernel. Please don't fall into the practice of
+# | calling the whole system [-“Linux”,-] {+“Linux,”+}
+# | since that means attributing our work to someone else. Please <a
+# | href=\"/gnu/gnu-linux-faq.html\"> give us equal mention</a>.
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "We call this system version <a href=\"/gnu/linux-and-gnu.html\"> GNU/"
+#| "Linux</a>, to express its composition as a combination of the GNU system "
+#| "with Linux as the kernel. Please don't fall into the practice of calling "
+#| "the whole system “Linux”, since that means attributing our "
+#| "work to someone else. Please <a href=\"/gnu/gnu-linux-faq.html\"> give "
+#| "us equal mention</a>."
msgid ""
"We call this system version <a href=\"/gnu/linux-and-gnu.html\"> GNU/Linux</"
"a>, to express its composition as a combination of the GNU system with Linux "
"as the kernel. Please don't fall into the practice of calling the whole "
-"system “Linux”, since that means attributing our work to someone "
+"system “Linux,” since that means attributing our work to someone "
"else. Please <a href=\"/gnu/gnu-linux-faq.html\"> give us equal mention</a>."
msgstr ""
"A esta versión del sistema la llamamos <a href=\"/gnu/linux-and-gnu.html"
@@ -1802,12 +2011,12 @@
"\">mencionarnos equitativamente</a>."
# type: Content of: <h3>
-#. type: Content of: <h3>
+#. type: Content of: <div><h3>
msgid "Challenges in our future"
msgstr "DesafÃos para el futuro"
# type: Content of: <p>
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"We have proved our ability to develop a broad spectrum of free software. "
"This does not mean we are invincible and unstoppable. Several challenges "
@@ -1824,17 +2033,17 @@
"libertad y no permiten que nadie se la arrebate."
# type: Content of: <p>
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid "The following four sections discuss these challenges."
msgstr "En las cuatro secciones siguientes nos ocupamos de esos desafÃos."
# type: Content of: <h3>
-#. type: Content of: <h3>
+#. type: Content of: <div><h3>
msgid "Secret hardware"
msgstr "Hardware secreto"
# type: Content of: <p>
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"Hardware manufacturers increasingly tend to keep hardware specifications "
"secret. This makes it difficult to write free drivers so that Linux and "
@@ -1848,7 +2057,7 @@
"los tendremos si no son compatibles con los ordenadores del futuro."
# type: Content of: <p>
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"There are two ways to cope with this problem. Programmers can do reverse "
"engineering to figure out how to support the hardware. The rest of us can "
@@ -1862,14 +2071,29 @@
"libre, mantener las especificaciones en secreto se volverá contraproducente."
# type: Content of: <p>
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
+# | Reverse engineering is a big job; will we have programmers with sufficient
+# | determination to undertake it? Yes—if we have built up a strong
+# | feeling that free software is a matter of principle, and nonfree drivers
+# | are intolerable. And will large numbers of us spend extra money, or even
+# | a little extra time, so we can use free drivers? Yes, if the determination
+# | to have freedom is [-widespread.-] {+widespread. <a
+# | href=\"#ft8\">[8]</a>+}
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "Reverse engineering is a big job; will we have programmers with "
+#| "sufficient determination to undertake it? Yes—if we have built up a "
+#| "strong feeling that free software is a matter of principle, and nonfree "
+#| "drivers are intolerable. And will large numbers of us spend extra money, "
+#| "or even a little extra time, so we can use free drivers? Yes, if the "
+#| "determination to have freedom is widespread."
msgid ""
"Reverse engineering is a big job; will we have programmers with sufficient "
"determination to undertake it? Yes—if we have built up a strong "
"feeling that free software is a matter of principle, and nonfree drivers are "
"intolerable. And will large numbers of us spend extra money, or even a "
"little extra time, so we can use free drivers? Yes, if the determination to "
-"have freedom is widespread."
+"have freedom is widespread. <a href=\"#ft8\">[8]</a>"
msgstr ""
"La ingenierÃa inversa implica un trabajo enorme, ¿tendremos programadores "
"con la suficiente determinación para realizarla? SÃ, siempre que logremos "
@@ -1879,27 +2103,13 @@
"o algo de tiempo extra, para que podamos usar controladores libres? SÃ, si "
"la determinación de gozar de libertad se convierte en algo generalizado."
-# type: Content of: <p>
-#. type: Content of: <p>
-msgid ""
-"(2008 note: this issue extends to the BIOS as well. There is a free BIOS, "
-"<a href=\"http://www.libreboot.org/\";>LibreBoot</a> (a distribution of "
-"coreboot); the problem is getting specs for machines so that LibreBoot can "
-"support them without nonfree “blobs”.)"
-msgstr ""
-"(Aclaración de 2008: esto se aplica también al BIOS. Existe un BIOS libre "
-"llamado <a href=\"http://www.libreboot.org/\";>LibreBoot</a> (una "
-"distribución de coreboot); el problema es conseguir las especificaciones de "
-"las máquinas para que LibreBoot pueda reconocerlas sin tener que recurrir a "
-"paquetes binarios que no sean libres)."
-
# type: Content of: <h3>
-#. type: Content of: <h3>
+#. type: Content of: <div><h3>
msgid "Nonfree libraries"
msgstr "Bibliotecas que no son libres"
# type: Content of: <p>
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"A nonfree library that runs on free operating systems acts as a trap for "
"free software developers. The library's attractive features are the bait; "
@@ -1920,7 +2130,7 @@
"trampa a otros programadores incautos."
# type: Content of: <p>
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"The first instance of this problem was the Motif toolkit, back in the 80s. "
"Although there were as yet no free operating systems, it was clear what "
@@ -1943,7 +2153,7 @@
"1997."
# type: Content of: <p>
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"Between 1996 and 1998, another nonfree <abbr title=\"Graphical User Interface"
"\">GUI</abbr> toolkit library, called Qt, was used in a substantial "
@@ -1956,7 +2166,7 @@
"\"K Desktop Environment\">KDE</abbr>."
# type: Content of: <p>
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"Free GNU/Linux systems were unable to use KDE, because we could not use the "
"library. However, some commercial distributors of GNU/Linux systems who "
@@ -1976,7 +2186,7 @@
"desalentadora."
# type: Content of: <p>
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"The free software community responded to the problem in two ways: GNOME and "
"Harmony."
@@ -1985,7 +2195,7 @@
"Harmony."
# type: Content of: <p>
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"GNOME, the GNU Network Object Model Environment, is GNU's desktop project. "
"Started in 1997 by Miguel de Icaza, and developed with the support of Red "
@@ -2003,7 +2213,7 @@
"libertad: evitar la utilización de cualquier software que no fuese libre."
# type: Content of: <p>
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"Harmony is a compatible replacement library, designed to make it possible to "
"run KDE software without using Qt."
@@ -2012,13 +2222,28 @@
"ejecutar el software KDE sin utilizar Qt."
# type: Content of: <p>
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
+# | In November 1998, the developers of Qt announced a change of license
+# | which, when carried out, should make Qt free software. There is no way to
+# | be sure, but I think that this was partly due to the community's firm
+# | response to the problem that Qt posed when it was nonfree. (The new
+# | license is inconvenient and inequitable, so it remains desirable to avoid
+# | using [-Qt.)-] {+Qt. <a href=\"#ft9\">[9]</a>)+}
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "In November 1998, the developers of Qt announced a change of license "
+#| "which, when carried out, should make Qt free software. There is no way "
+#| "to be sure, but I think that this was partly due to the community's firm "
+#| "response to the problem that Qt posed when it was nonfree. (The new "
+#| "license is inconvenient and inequitable, so it remains desirable to avoid "
+#| "using Qt.)"
msgid ""
"In November 1998, the developers of Qt announced a change of license which, "
"when carried out, should make Qt free software. There is no way to be sure, "
"but I think that this was partly due to the community's firm response to the "
"problem that Qt posed when it was nonfree. (The new license is inconvenient "
-"and inequitable, so it remains desirable to avoid using Qt.)"
+"and inequitable, so it remains desirable to avoid using Qt. <a href="
+"\"#ft9\">[9]</a>)"
msgstr ""
"En noviembre de 1998, los desarrolladores de Qt anunciaron un cambio de "
"licencia que, cuando se llevase a cabo, convertirÃa Qt en software libre. No
"
@@ -2028,16 +2253,7 @@
"siendo preferible evitar el uso de Qt)."
# type: Content of: <p>
-#. type: Content of: <p>
-msgid ""
-"[Subsequent note: in September 2000, Qt was rereleased under the GNU GPL, "
-"which essentially solved this problem.]"
-msgstr ""
-"(Nota posterior: en Septiembre de 2000 Qt se publicó bajo la licencia GPL de
"
-"GNU, lo que solucionó completamente el problema)."
-
-# type: Content of: <p>
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"How will we respond to the next tempting nonfree library? Will the whole "
"community understand the need to stay out of the trap? Or will many of us "
@@ -2051,22 +2267,43 @@
"futuro depende de nuestros valores."
# type: Content of: <h3>
-#. type: Content of: <h3>
+#. type: Content of: <div><h3>
msgid "Software patents"
msgstr "Patentes de software"
# type: Content of: <p>
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
+# | The worst threat we face comes from software patents, which can put
+# | algorithms and features off limits to free software for up to twenty
+# | years. The LZW compression algorithm patents were applied for in 1983,
+# | and we still cannot release free software to produce proper compressed
+# | <abbr title=\"Graphics Interchange [-Format\">GIF</abbr>s. [As of 2009
+# | they have expired.]-] {+Format\">GIF</abbr>s. <a
+# | href=\"#ft10\">[10]</a>+} In 1998, a free program to produce <abbr
+# | title=\"MPEG-1 Audio Layer 3\">MP3</abbr> compressed audio was removed
+# | from distribution under threat of a patent [-suit. [As of 2017, these
+# | patents have expired. Look how long we had to wait.]-] {+suit. <a
+# | href=\"#ft11\">[11]</a>+}
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "The worst threat we face comes from software patents, which can put "
+#| "algorithms and features off limits to free software for up to twenty "
+#| "years. The LZW compression algorithm patents were applied for in 1983, "
+#| "and we still cannot release free software to produce proper compressed "
+#| "<abbr title=\"Graphics Interchange Format\">GIF</abbr>s. [As of 2009 "
+#| "they have expired.] In 1998, a free program to produce <abbr title="
+#| "\"MPEG-1 Audio Layer 3\">MP3</abbr> compressed audio was removed from "
+#| "distribution under threat of a patent suit. [As of 2017, these patents "
+#| "have expired. Look how long we had to wait.]"
msgid ""
"The worst threat we face comes from software patents, which can put "
"algorithms and features off limits to free software for up to twenty years. "
"The LZW compression algorithm patents were applied for in 1983, and we still "
"cannot release free software to produce proper compressed <abbr title="
-"\"Graphics Interchange Format\">GIF</abbr>s. [As of 2009 they have "
-"expired.] In 1998, a free program to produce <abbr title=\"MPEG-1 Audio "
-"Layer 3\">MP3</abbr> compressed audio was removed from distribution under "
-"threat of a patent suit. [As of 2017, these patents have expired. Look how "
-"long we had to wait.]"
+"\"Graphics Interchange Format\">GIF</abbr>s. <a href=\"#ft10\">[10]</"
+"a> In 1998, a free program to produce <abbr title=\"MPEG-1 Audio Layer "
+"3\">MP3</abbr> compressed audio was removed from distribution under threat "
+"of a patent suit. <a href=\"#ft11\">[11]</a>"
msgstr ""
"La peor amenaza a la que nos enfrentamos proviene de las patentes de "
"software, que pueden impedir el uso de algoritmos y funcionalidades en el "
@@ -2081,7 +2318,7 @@
"cuánto ha habido que esperar.]"
# type: Content of: <p>
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"There are ways to cope with patents: we can search for evidence that a "
"patent is invalid, and we can look for alternative ways to do a job. But "
@@ -2098,7 +2335,7 @@
"haremos mientras tanto?"
# type: Content of: <p>
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"Those of us who value free software for freedom's sake will stay with free "
"software anyway. We will manage to get work done without the patented "
@@ -2119,12 +2356,12 @@
"con eso. Debemos hablar de libertad y de principios."
# type: Content of: <h3>
-#. type: Content of: <h3>
+#. type: Content of: <div><h3>
msgid "Free documentation"
msgstr "Documentación libre"
# type: Content of: <p>
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"The biggest deficiency in our free operating systems is not in the "
"software—it is the lack of good free manuals that we can include in "
@@ -2140,7 +2377,7 @@
"actualidad adolecemos de muchas de estas lagunas."
# type: Content of: <p>
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"Free documentation, like free software, is a matter of freedom, not price. "
"The criterion for a free manual is pretty much the same as for free "
@@ -2156,7 +2393,7 @@
"manual con cada copia del programa."
# type: Content of: <p>
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"Permission for modification is crucial too. As a general rule, I don't "
"believe that it is essential for people to have permission to modify all "
@@ -2171,7 +2408,7 @@
"exponen nuestras iniciativas y puntos de vista."
# type: Content of: <p>
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"But there is a particular reason why the freedom to modify is crucial for "
"documentation for free software. When people exercise their right to modify "
@@ -2190,7 +2427,7 @@
"trabajo, no satisface las necesidades de nuestra comunidad."
# type: Content of: <p>
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"Some kinds of limits on how modifications are done pose no problem. For "
"example, requirements to preserve the original author's copyright notice, "
@@ -2216,7 +2453,7 @@
"comunidad del software libre la plena utilización del manual."
# type: Content of: <p>
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"However, it must be possible to modify all the <em>technical</em> content of "
"the manual, and then distribute the result in all the usual media, through "
@@ -2230,7 +2467,7 @@
"manual no será libre, y será necesario escribir otro."
# type: Content of: <p>
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"Will free software developers have the awareness and determination to "
"produce a full spectrum of free manuals? Once again, our future depends on "
@@ -2241,15 +2478,25 @@
"para elaborarlos? Una vez más, nuestro futuro depende de nuestros valores."
# type: Content of: <h3>
-#. type: Content of: <h3>
+#. type: Content of: <div><h3>
msgid "We must talk about freedom"
msgstr "Es necesario hablar de libertad"
# type: Content of: <p>
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
+# | Estimates today are that there are ten million users of GNU/Linux systems
+# | such as Debian GNU/Linux and Red Hat [-“Linux”.-]
+# | {+“Linux.”+} Free software has developed such practical
+# | advantages that users are flocking to it for purely practical reasons.
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "Estimates today are that there are ten million users of GNU/Linux systems "
+#| "such as Debian GNU/Linux and Red Hat “Linux”. Free software "
+#| "has developed such practical advantages that users are flocking to it for "
+#| "purely practical reasons."
msgid ""
"Estimates today are that there are ten million users of GNU/Linux systems "
-"such as Debian GNU/Linux and Red Hat “Linux”. Free software has "
+"such as Debian GNU/Linux and Red Hat “Linux.” Free software has "
"developed such practical advantages that users are flocking to it for purely "
"practical reasons."
msgstr ""
@@ -2259,7 +2506,7 @@
"de usuarios lo eligen por razones puramente prácticas."
# type: Content of: <p>
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"The good consequences of this are evident: more interest in developing free "
"software, more customers for free software businesses, and more ability to "
@@ -2272,7 +2519,7 @@
"libre comercial en lugar de productos de software privativo."
# type: Content of: <p>
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"But interest in the software is growing faster than awareness of the "
"philosophy it is based on, and this leads to trouble. Our ability to meet "
@@ -2288,7 +2535,7 @@
"medida que se incorporan a la comunidad."
# type: Content of: <p>
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"But we are failing to do so: the efforts to attract new users into our "
"community are far outstripping the efforts to teach them the civics of our "
@@ -2301,12 +2548,12 @@
"un equilibrio entre esos dos empeños."
# type: Content of: <h3>
-#. type: Content of: <h3>
+#. type: Content of: <div><h3>
msgid "“Open Source”"
msgstr "«Open Source» («código abierto»)"
# type: Content of: <p>
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"Teaching new users about freedom became more difficult in 1998, when a part "
"of the community decided to stop using the term “free software” "
@@ -2318,7 +2565,7 @@
"abierto» («open source software», en inglés)."
# type: Content of: <p>
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"Some who favored this term aimed to avoid the confusion of “"
"free” with “gratis”—a valid goal. Others, however, "
@@ -2340,7 +2587,7 @@
"de alta calidad, evitando las ideas de libertad, comunidad y principios."
# type: Content of: <p>
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"The “Linux” magazines are a clear example of this—they are "
"filled with advertisements for proprietary software that works with GNU/"
@@ -2353,7 +2600,7 @@
"programadores que los eviten, o publicarán anuncios para promoverlos?"
# type: Content of: <p>
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"The support of business can contribute to the community in many ways; all "
"else being equal, it is useful. But winning their support by speaking even "
@@ -2367,12 +2614,24 @@
"entre el crecimiento del número de usuarios y su educación cÃvica."
# type: Content of: <p>
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
+# | “Free software” and “open source” describe the
+# | same category of software, more or less, but say different things about
+# | the software, and about values. The GNU Project continues to use the term
+# | “free [-software”,-] {+software,”+} to express the idea
+# | that freedom, not just technology, is important.
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "“Free software” and “open source” describe the "
+#| "same category of software, more or less, but say different things about "
+#| "the software, and about values. The GNU Project continues to use the "
+#| "term “free software”, to express the idea that freedom, not "
+#| "just technology, is important."
msgid ""
"“Free software” and “open source” describe the same "
"category of software, more or less, but say different things about the "
"software, and about values. The GNU Project continues to use the term "
-"“free software”, to express the idea that freedom, not just "
+"“free software,” to express the idea that freedom, not just "
"technology, is important."
msgstr ""
"Las expresiones «software libre» y «código abierto» se refieren "
@@ -2382,12 +2641,12 @@
"libertad es importante, no solo la tecnologÃa."
# type: Content of: <h3>
-#. type: Content of: <h3>
+#. type: Content of: <div><h3>
msgid "Try!"
msgstr "¡Inténtelo!"
# type: Content of: <p>
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"Yoda's aphorism (“There is no ‘try’”) sounds neat, "
"but it doesn't work for me. I have done most of my work while anxious about "
@@ -2405,7 +2664,7 @@
"éxito."
# type: Content of: <p>
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"Sometimes I failed; some of my cities have fallen. Then I found another "
"threatened city, and got ready for another battle. Over time, I've learned "
@@ -2418,7 +2677,7 @@
"haciendo un llamamiento a otros hackers para que se unan a mÃ."
# type: Content of: <p>
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"Nowadays, often I'm not the only one. It is a relief and a joy when I see a "
"regiment of hackers digging in to hold the line, and I realize, this city "
@@ -2435,6 +2694,249 @@
"¡No crea que es asÃ! Si desea conservar su libertad, debe estar preparado "
"para defenderla."
+# type: Content of: <h4>
+#. type: Content of: <div><h3>
+msgid "Footnotes"
+msgstr "Notas"
+
+# type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><ol><li>
+# | [-(1)-]The use of “hacker” to mean “security
+# | breaker” is a confusion on the part of the mass media. We hackers
+# | refuse to recognize that meaning, and continue using the word to mean
+# | someone who loves to program, someone who enjoys playful cleverness, or
+# | the combination of the two. See my article, [-<a
+# | href=\"http://stallman.org/articles/on-hacking.html\";>On Hacking</a>.-]
+# | {+“<a href=\"https://stallman.org/articles/on-hacking.html\";>On
+# | Hacking</a>.”+}
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "(1) The use of “hacker” to mean “security "
+#| "breaker” is a confusion on the part of the mass media. We hackers "
+#| "refuse to recognize that meaning, and continue using the word to mean "
+#| "someone who loves to program, someone who enjoys playful cleverness, or "
+#| "the combination of the two. See my article, <a href=\"http://stallman.";
+#| "org/articles/on-hacking.html\">On Hacking</a>."
+msgid ""
+"The use of “hacker” to mean “security breaker” is a "
+"confusion on the part of the mass media. We hackers refuse to recognize "
+"that meaning, and continue using the word to mean someone who loves to "
+"program, someone who enjoys playful cleverness, or the combination of the "
+"two. See my article, “<a href=\"https://stallman.org/articles/on-";
+"hacking.html\">On Hacking</a>.”"
+msgstr ""
+"(1) El uso del término «hacker» para referirse a alguien que burla la "
+"seguridad de un sistema es un error provocado por los medios de "
+"comunicación. Nosotros los hackers rechazamos ese significado y continuamos "
+"empleando esa palabra para designar a alguien a quien le gusta programar, o "
+"que disfruta utilizando su ingenio de una manera lúdica, o una suma de las "
+"dos cosas. Veáse mi artÃculo <a href=\"http://stallman.org/articles/on-";
+"hacking.html\"><cite>On Hacking</cite></a> (en inglés)."
+
+# type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><ol><li>
+# | [-(1)-]As an Atheist, I don't follow any religious leaders, but I
+# | sometimes find I admire something one of them has said.
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "(1) As an Atheist, I don't follow any religious leaders, but I sometimes "
+#| "find I admire something one of them has said."
+msgid ""
+"As an Atheist, I don't follow any religious leaders, but I sometimes find I "
+"admire something one of them has said."
+msgstr ""
+"(1) Como ateo, no sigo a ningún lÃder religioso, pero a veces admiro algo "
+"que ha dicho uno de ellos."
+
+# type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><ol><li>
+# | [-(1)-]In 1984 or 1985, Don Hopkins (a very imaginative fellow) mailed me
+# | a letter. [-On-] {+<a href=\"/graphics/copyleft-sticker.html\">On+} the
+# | [-envelope-] {+envelope</a>+} he had written several amusing sayings,
+# | including this one: “Copyleft—all rights reversed.” I
+# | used the word “copyleft” to name the distribution concept I
+# | was developing at the time.
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "(1) In 1984 or 1985, Don Hopkins (a very imaginative fellow) mailed me a "
+#| "letter. On the envelope he had written several amusing sayings, "
+#| "including this one: “Copyleft—all rights reversed.” I "
+#| "used the word “copyleft” to name the distribution concept I "
+#| "was developing at the time."
+msgid ""
+"In 1984 or 1985, Don Hopkins (a very imaginative fellow) mailed me a "
+"letter. <a href=\"/graphics/copyleft-sticker.html\">On the envelope</a> he "
+"had written several amusing sayings, including this one: “"
+"Copyleft—all rights reversed.” I used the word “"
+"copyleft” to name the distribution concept I was developing at the "
+"time."
+msgstr ""
+"(1) En 1984 o 1985, Don Hopkins (un compañero muy ocurrente) me envÃo una "
+"carta. En el sobre habÃa escrito varias frases divertidas, entre ellas: "
+"«Copyleft, todos los derechos reversados»<a href=\"#TransNote3\" id="
+"\"TransNote3-rev\"><sup>[3]</sup></a>. Utilicé la palabra «copyleft» para "
+"denominar el concepto de distribución que estaba definiendo por entonces."
+
+# type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><ol><li>
+# | [-(2)-]We now use the <a href=\"/licenses/fdl.html\">GNU Free
+# | Documentation License</a> for documentation.
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "(2) We now use the <a href=\"/licenses/fdl.html\">GNU Free Documentation "
+#| "License</a> for documentation."
+msgid ""
+"We now use the <a href=\"/licenses/fdl.html\">GNU Free Documentation "
+"License</a> for documentation."
+msgstr ""
+"(2) Para la documentación ahora utilizamos la <a href=\"/licenses/fdl.html"
+"\">Licencia de documentación libre de GNU</a> (<abbr title=\"Free "
+"Documentation License\">FDL</abbr> de GNU)."
+
+# type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><ol><li>
+# | [-(1)-]“Bourne Again Shell” is a play on the name
+# | “Bourne [-Shell”,-] {+Shell,”+} which was the usual
+# | shell on Unix.
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "(1) “Bourne Again Shell” is a play on the name “Bourne "
+#| "Shell”, which was the usual shell on Unix."
+msgid ""
+"“Bourne Again Shell” is a play on the name “Bourne Shell,"
+"” which was the usual shell on Unix."
+msgstr ""
+"(1) «<cite>Bourne Again Shell</cite>» es un juego de palabras con el nombre
"
+"«<cite>Bourne Shell</cite>», que era el intérprete de comandos comúnmente
"
+"utilizado en Unix."
+
+# type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><ol><li>
+# | [-(1)-]That was written in 1998. In 2009 we no longer maintain a long
+# | task list. The community develops free software so fast that we can't
+# | even keep track of it all. Instead, we have a list of High Priority
+# | Projects, a much shorter list of projects we really want to encourage
+# | people to write.
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "(1) That was written in 1998. In 2009 we no longer maintain a long task "
+#| "list. The community develops free software so fast that we can't even "
+#| "keep track of it all. Instead, we have a list of High Priority Projects, "
+#| "a much shorter list of projects we really want to encourage people to "
+#| "write."
+msgid ""
+"That was written in 1998. In 2009 we no longer maintain a long task list. "
+"The community develops free software so fast that we can't even keep track "
+"of it all. Instead, we have a list of High Priority Projects, a much "
+"shorter list of projects we really want to encourage people to write."
+msgstr ""
+"(1) Ese texto se escribió en 1998. En 2009 ya no tenemos una larga lista de "
+"tareas. La comunidad programa software libre con tanta rapidez que ni "
+"siquiera podemos seguirle la pista a todos. Tenemos en cambio una lista de "
+"Proyectos de Alta Prioridad, una lista mucho más corta de proyectos en los "
+"que de verdad queremos animar a la gente a trabajar."
+
+# type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><ol><li>
+# | [-(1)-]This license is now called the GNU Lesser General Public License,
+# | to avoid giving the idea that all libraries ought to use it. See <a
+# | href=\"/philosophy/why-not-lgpl.html\">Why you shouldn't use the Lesser
+# | GPL for your next library</a> for more information.
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "(1) This license is now called the GNU Lesser General Public License, to "
+#| "avoid giving the idea that all libraries ought to use it. See <a href=\"/"
+#| "philosophy/why-not-lgpl.html\">Why you shouldn't use the Lesser GPL for "
+#| "your next library</a> for more information."
+msgid ""
+"This license is now called the GNU Lesser General Public License, to avoid "
+"giving the idea that all libraries ought to use it. See <a href=\"/"
+"philosophy/why-not-lgpl.html\">Why you shouldn't use the Lesser GPL for your "
+"next library</a> for more information."
+msgstr ""
+"(1) Esta licencia se llama ahora <cite>GNU Lesser General Public License</"
+"cite> (Licencia Pública General Reducida de GNU), para evitar transmitir la "
+"idea de que se debe usar para todas las bibliotecas. Para más información, "
+"véase <a href=\"/philosophy/why-not-lgpl.html\">Por qué en su próxima "
+"biblioteca no deberÃa utilizar la GPL Reducida</a>."
+
+# type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><ol><li>
+# | [-(-]2008 note: this issue extends to the BIOS as well. There is a free
+# | BIOS, <a [-href=\"http://www.libreboot.org/\";>LibreBoot</a>-]
+# | {+href=\"https://libreboot.org/\";>LibreBoot</a>+} (a distribution of
+# | coreboot); the problem is getting specs for machines so that LibreBoot can
+# | support them without nonfree [-“blobs”.)-]
+# | {+“blobs.”+}
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "(2008 note: this issue extends to the BIOS as well. There is a free "
+#| "BIOS, <a href=\"http://www.libreboot.org/\";>LibreBoot</a> (a distribution "
+#| "of coreboot); the problem is getting specs for machines so that LibreBoot "
+#| "can support them without nonfree “blobs”.)"
+msgid ""
+"2008 note: this issue extends to the BIOS as well. There is a free BIOS, <a "
+"href=\"https://libreboot.org/\";>LibreBoot</a> (a distribution of coreboot); "
+"the problem is getting specs for machines so that LibreBoot can support them "
+"without nonfree “blobs.”"
+msgstr ""
+"(Aclaración de 2008: esto se aplica también al BIOS. Existe un BIOS libre "
+"llamado <a href=\"http://www.libreboot.org/\";>LibreBoot</a> (una "
+"distribución de coreboot); el problema es conseguir las especificaciones de "
+"las máquinas para que LibreBoot pueda reconocerlas sin tener que recurrir a "
+"paquetes binarios que no sean libres)."
+
+# type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><ol><li>
+# | [-[Subsequent note: in-]{+In+} September 2000, Qt was rereleased under the
+# | GNU GPL, which essentially solved this problem.[-]-]
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "[Subsequent note: in September 2000, Qt was rereleased under the GNU GPL, "
+#| "which essentially solved this problem.]"
+msgid ""
+"In September 2000, Qt was rereleased under the GNU GPL, which essentially "
+"solved this problem."
+msgstr ""
+"(Nota posterior: en Septiembre de 2000 Qt se publicó bajo la licencia GPL de
"
+"GNU, lo que solucionó completamente el problema)."
+
+#. type: Content of: <div><ol><li>
+msgid "As of 2009, the GIF patents have expired."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <div><ol><li>
+msgid ""
+"As of 2017, the MP3 patents have expired. Look how long we had to wait."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <div><div><p>
+# | Originally published in the book [-<em>Open Sources</em>.-] {+<cite>Open
+# | Sources</cite>.+} Richard Stallman was <a
+# | href=\"/philosophy/open-source-misses-the-point.html\"> never a supporter
+# | of “open source”</a>, but contributed this article so that the
+# | ideas of the free software movement would not be entirely absent from that
+# | book.
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "Originally published in the book <em>Open Sources</em>. Richard Stallman "
+#| "was <a href=\"/philosophy/open-source-misses-the-point.html\"> never a "
+#| "supporter of “open source”</a>, but contributed this article "
+#| "so that the ideas of the free software movement would not be entirely "
+#| "absent from that book."
+msgid ""
+"Originally published in the book <cite>Open Sources</cite>. Richard "
+"Stallman was <a href=\"/philosophy/open-source-misses-the-point.html\"> "
+"never a supporter of “open source”</a>, but contributed this "
+"article so that the ideas of the free software movement would not be "
+"entirely absent from that book."
+msgstr ""
+"Publicado por primera vez en el libro <cite>Open Sources</cite>. Richard "
+"Stallman <a href=\"/philosophy/open-source-misses-the-point.html\">nunca ha "
+"sido un defensor del «código abierto» (<cite>«open source»</cite>)</a>,
pero "
+"contribuyó con este artÃculo para que en el libro no estuvieran totalmente "
+"ausentes las ideas del movimiento del software libre."
+
# type: Content of: <div>
#. TRANSLATORS: Use space (SPC) as msgstr if you don't have notes.
#. type: Content of: <div>
@@ -2468,7 +2970,6 @@
"proponer otras correcciones o sugerencias, dirÃjase a <a href=\"mailto:";
"webmasters@gnu.org\"><webmasters@gnu.org></a>."
-#
#. TRANSLATORS: Ignore the original text in this paragraph,
#. replace it with the translation of these two:
#. We work hard and do our best to provide accurate, good quality
@@ -2476,14 +2977,14 @@
#. Please send your comments and general suggestions in this regard
#. to <a href="mailto:web-translators@gnu.org";>
#. <web-translators@gnu.org></a>.</p>
-#. <p>For information on coordinating and submitting translations of
+#. <p>For information on coordinating and contributing translations of
#. our web pages, see <a
#. href="/server/standards/README.translations.html">Translations
#. README</a>.
#. type: Content of: <div><div><p>
msgid ""
"Please see the <a href=\"/server/standards/README.translations.html"
-"\">Translations README</a> for information on coordinating and submitting "
+"\">Translations README</a> for information on coordinating and contributing "
"translations of this article."
msgstr ""
"El equipo de traductores al español se esfuerza por ofrecer traducciones "
@@ -2495,9 +2996,15 @@
"coordinación y el envÃo de traducciones de las páginas de este sitio web."
#. type: Content of: <div><p>
+# | Copyright © 1998, [-2001, 2002,-] 2005, [-2006, 2007,-] 2008, 2010,
+# | 201[-4-]{+2+}, 2015, 2017, 2018, 202[-0-]{+1+} Richard Stallman
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "Copyright © 1998, 2001, 2002, 2005, 2006, 2007, 2008, 2010, 2014, "
+#| "2015, 2017, 2018, 2020 Richard Stallman"
msgid ""
-"Copyright © 1998, 2001, 2002, 2005, 2006, 2007, 2008, 2010, 2014, 2015, "
-"2017, 2018, 2020 Richard Stallman"
+"Copyright © 1998, 2005, 2008, 2010, 2012, 2015, 2017, 2018, 2021 "
+"Richard Stallman"
msgstr ""
"Copyright © 1998, 2001, 2002, 2005, 2006, 2007, 2008, 2010, 2014, 2015, "
"2017, 2018, 2020 Richard Stallman"
@@ -2524,10 +3031,9 @@
msgid "Updated:"
msgstr "Ãltima actualización:"
-#. type: Content of: <div><p>
-msgid ""
-"Copyright © 1998, 2001, 2002, 2005, 2006, 2007, 2008, 2010, 2014, 2015, "
-"2017, 2018, 2020, 2021 Richard Stallman"
-msgstr ""
-"Copyright © 1998, 2001, 2002, 2005, 2006, 2007, 2008, 2010, 2014, 2015, "
-"2017, 2018, 2020, 2021 Richard Stallman"
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "Copyright © 1998, 2001, 2002, 2005, 2006, 2007, 2008, 2010, 2014, "
+#~ "2015, 2017, 2018, 2020, 2021 Richard Stallman"
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "Copyright © 1998, 2001, 2002, 2005, 2006, 2007, 2008, 2010, 2014, "
+#~ "2015, 2017, 2018, 2020, 2021 Richard Stallman"
Index: thegnuproject.fi.po
===================================================================
RCS file: /web/www/www/gnu/po/thegnuproject.fi.po,v
retrieving revision 1.11
retrieving revision 1.12
diff -u -b -r1.11 -r1.12
--- thegnuproject.fi.po 24 Oct 2021 07:25:19 -0000 1.11
+++ thegnuproject.fi.po 24 Oct 2021 07:31:37 -0000 1.12
@@ -9,7 +9,7 @@
msgid ""
msgstr ""
"Project-Id-Version: thegnuproject.html\n"
-"POT-Creation-Date: 2020-07-12 02:25+0000\n"
+"POT-Creation-Date: 2021-10-24 07:25+0000\n"
"PO-Revision-Date: \n"
"Last-Translator: Pyry <tehpyta@protonmail.com>\n"
"Language-Team: web-translators <web-translators@gnu.org>\n"
@@ -17,6 +17,7 @@
"MIME-Version: 1.0\n"
"Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8\n"
"Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit\n"
+"X-Outdated-Since: 2021-10-24 07:25+0000\n"
"X-Generator: Poedit 2.2.3\n"
#. type: Content of: <title>
@@ -28,45 +29,24 @@
msgstr ""
"GNU, GNU Project, FSF, Free Software, Free Software Foundation, History"
-#. type: Content of: <h2>
+#. type: Content of: <div><h2>
msgid "The GNU Project"
msgstr "GNU-projekti"
-#. type: Content of: <p>
-msgid ""
-"by <a href=\"http://www.stallman.org/\";><strong>Richard Stallman</strong></a>"
+#. type: Content of: <div><address>
+# | by <a href=\"http{+s+}://www.stallman.org/\">Richard Stallman</a>
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid "by <a href=\"http://www.stallman.org/\";>Richard Stallman</a>"
+msgid "by <a href=\"https://www.stallman.org/\";>Richard Stallman</a>"
msgstr ""
-"Kirjoittanut <a href=\"http://www.stallman.org/\";><strong>Richard Stallman</"
+"tehnyt <a href=\"http://www.stallman.org/\";><strong>Richard Stallman</"
"strong></a>"
-#. type: Content of: <blockquote><p>
-msgid ""
-"Originally published in the book <em>Open Sources</em>. Richard Stallman "
-"was <a href=\"/philosophy/open-source-misses-the-point.html\"> never a "
-"supporter of “open source”</a>, but contributed this article so "
-"that the ideas of the free software movement would not be entirely absent "
-"from that book."
-msgstr ""
-"Alun perin julkaistu kirjassa <em>Open Sources</em>. Richard Stallman <a "
-"href=\"/philosophy/open-source-misses-the-point.html\">ei koskaan ollut "
-"\"avoimen lähdekoodin\" tukija</a>, mutta hän antoi kirjaan tämän "
-"artikkelin, jotta vapaan ohjelmiston liikkeen ideat eivät puuttuisi kokonaan
"
-"siitä kirjasta."
-
-#. type: Content of: <blockquote><p>
-msgid ""
-"Why it is even more important than ever <a href=\"/philosophy/free-software-"
-"even-more-important.html\">to insist that the software we use be free</a>."
-msgstr ""
-"Miksi <a href=\"/philosophy/free-software-even-more-important.html"
-"\">ainoastaan vapaiden ohjelmistojen käyttäminen on tärkeämpää kuin
koskaan</"
-"a>."
-
-#. type: Content of: <h3>
+#. type: Content of: <div><h3>
msgid "The first software-sharing community"
msgstr "Ensimmäinen ohjelmistojenjakamisyhteisö"
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"When I started working at the <abbr title=\"Massachusetts Institute of "
"Technology\">MIT</abbr> Artificial Intelligence Lab in 1971, I became part "
@@ -82,15 +62,32 @@
"niin vanha kuin tietokoneet, kuten reseptien jakaminen on yhtä vanhaa kuin "
"ruoanlaitto. Mutta me teimme sitä enemmän kuin muut."
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
+# | The AI Lab used a timesharing operating system called <abbr
+# | title=\"Incompatible Timesharing System\">ITS</abbr> (the Incompatible
+# | Timesharing System) that the lab's staff [-hackers (1)-]
+# | {+hackers <a href=\"#ft1\">[1]</a>+} had designed and written in
+# | assembler language for the Digital <abbr title=\"Programmed Data
+# | Processor\">PDP</abbr>-10, one of the large computers of the era. As a
+# | member of this community, an AI Lab staff system hacker, my job was to
+# | improve this system.
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "The AI Lab used a timesharing operating system called <abbr title="
+#| "\"Incompatible Timesharing System\">ITS</abbr> (the Incompatible "
+#| "Timesharing System) that the lab's staff hackers (1) had designed and "
+#| "written in assembler language for the Digital <abbr title=\"Programmed "
+#| "Data Processor\">PDP</abbr>-10, one of the large computers of the era. "
+#| "As a member of this community, an AI Lab staff system hacker, my job was "
+#| "to improve this system."
msgid ""
"The AI Lab used a timesharing operating system called <abbr title="
"\"Incompatible Timesharing System\">ITS</abbr> (the Incompatible Timesharing "
-"System) that the lab's staff hackers (1) had designed and written in "
-"assembler language for the Digital <abbr title=\"Programmed Data Processor"
-"\">PDP</abbr>-10, one of the large computers of the era. As a member of "
-"this community, an AI Lab staff system hacker, my job was to improve this "
-"system."
+"System) that the lab's staff hackers <a href=\"#ft1\">[1]</a> had "
+"designed and written in assembler language for the Digital <abbr title="
+"\"Programmed Data Processor\">PDP</abbr>-10, one of the large computers of "
+"the era. As a member of this community, an AI Lab staff system hacker, my "
+"job was to improve this system."
msgstr ""
"Keinoälylaboratorio käytti käyttöjärjestelmää jota kutsuttiin <abbr
title="
"\"Incompatible Timesharing System\">ITS</abbr>:ksi (the Incompatible "
@@ -101,9 +98,24 @@
"jäsenenä, keinoälylaboratorion henkilöstöön kuuluvana hakkerina minun
työni "
"oli parannella tätä järjestelmää."
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
+# | We did not call our software “free [-software”,-]
+# | {+software,”+} because that term did not yet exist; but that is what
+# | it was. Whenever people from another university or a company wanted to
+# | port and use a program, we gladly let them. If you saw someone using an
+# | unfamiliar and interesting program, you could always ask to see the source
+# | code, so that you could read it, change it, or cannibalize parts of it to
+# | make a new program.
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "We did not call our software “free software”, because that "
+#| "term did not yet exist; but that is what it was. Whenever people from "
+#| "another university or a company wanted to port and use a program, we "
+#| "gladly let them. If you saw someone using an unfamiliar and interesting "
+#| "program, you could always ask to see the source code, so that you could "
+#| "read it, change it, or cannibalize parts of it to make a new program."
msgid ""
-"We did not call our software “free software”, because that term "
+"We did not call our software “free software,” because that term "
"did not yet exist; but that is what it was. Whenever people from another "
"university or a company wanted to port and use a program, we gladly let "
"them. If you saw someone using an unfamiliar and interesting program, you "
@@ -118,27 +130,20 @@
"pyytämään lähdekoodia voidaksesi lukea sen, muuttaaksesi sitä tai "
"käyttääksesi osia siitä tehdäksesi uuden ohjelman."
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><div><p>
msgid ""
-"(1) The use of “hacker” to mean “security breaker” "
-"is a confusion on the part of the mass media. We hackers refuse to "
-"recognize that meaning, and continue using the word to mean someone who "
-"loves to program, someone who enjoys playful cleverness, or the combination "
-"of the two. See my article, <a href=\"http://stallman.org/articles/on-";
-"hacking.html\">On Hacking</a>."
+"Why it is even more important than ever <a href=\"/philosophy/free-software-"
+"even-more-important.html\">to insist that the software we use be free</a>."
msgstr ""
-"(1) Sanan \"hakkeri\" käyttö tarkoituksella \"turvallisuuden murtaja\" on "
-"massamedian aiheuttamaa hämmästystä. Me hakkerit kiellämme tuon "
-"tarkoituksen tunnustamisen, ja jatkamme sanan käyttöä tarkoittamaan
jotakuta "
-"joka rakastaa ohjelmointia, jotakuta joka pitää leikkisästä viisaudesta,
tai "
-"niitten yhdistelmä. Katso artikkelini <a href=\"http://stallman.org/";
-"articles/on-hacking.html\">Hakkeroinnista</a>."
+"Miksi <a href=\"/philosophy/free-software-even-more-important.html"
+"\">ainoastaan vapaiden ohjelmistojen käyttäminen on tärkeämpää kuin
koskaan</"
+"a>."
-#. type: Content of: <h3>
+#. type: Content of: <div><h3>
msgid "The collapse of the community"
msgstr "Yhteisön romahtaminen"
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"The situation changed drastically in the early 1980s when Digital "
"discontinued the PDP-10 series. Its architecture, elegant and powerful in "
@@ -152,15 +157,32 @@
"tulivat mahdollisiksi 80-luvulla. Tämä tarkoitti sitä että lähes kaikki "
"ohjelmat joista ITS koostui olivat tulleet vanhentuneiksi."
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
+# | The AI Lab hacker community had already collapsed, not long before. In
+# | 1981, the spin-off company Symbolics had hired away nearly all of the
+# | hackers from the AI Lab, and the depopulated community was unable to
+# | maintain itself. (The book [-Hackers,-] {+<cite>Hackers</cite>,+} by
+# | Steve Levy, describes these events, as well as giving a clear picture of
+# | this community in its prime.) When the AI Lab bought a new PDP-10 in
+# | 1982, its administrators decided to use Digital's nonfree timesharing
+# | system instead of ITS.
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "The AI Lab hacker community had already collapsed, not long before. In "
+#| "1981, the spin-off company Symbolics had hired away nearly all of the "
+#| "hackers from the AI Lab, and the depopulated community was unable to "
+#| "maintain itself. (The book Hackers, by Steve Levy, describes these "
+#| "events, as well as giving a clear picture of this community in its "
+#| "prime.) When the AI Lab bought a new PDP-10 in 1982, its administrators "
+#| "decided to use Digital's nonfree timesharing system instead of ITS."
msgid ""
"The AI Lab hacker community had already collapsed, not long before. In "
"1981, the spin-off company Symbolics had hired away nearly all of the "
"hackers from the AI Lab, and the depopulated community was unable to "
-"maintain itself. (The book Hackers, by Steve Levy, describes these events, "
-"as well as giving a clear picture of this community in its prime.) When the "
-"AI Lab bought a new PDP-10 in 1982, its administrators decided to use "
-"Digital's nonfree timesharing system instead of ITS."
+"maintain itself. (The book <cite>Hackers</cite>, by Steve Levy, describes "
+"these events, as well as giving a clear picture of this community in its "
+"prime.) When the AI Lab bought a new PDP-10 in 1982, its administrators "
+"decided to use Digital's nonfree timesharing system instead of ITS."
msgstr ""
"Keinoälylaboratorion hakkeriyhteisö oli jo romahtanut, mutta ei kauan "
"sitten. Vuonna 1981 Symbolics-niminen yhtiö oli palkannut pois lähes kaikki
"
@@ -171,7 +193,7 @@
"pääkäyttäjät päättivät käyttää Digitalin suljettua ei-vapaata "
"käyttöjärjestelmää ITS:n sijasta."
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"The modern computers of the era, such as the VAX or the 68020, had their own "
"operating systems, but none of them were free software: you had to sign a "
@@ -181,7 +203,7 @@
"käyttöjärjestelmänsä, mutta mikään niistä ei ollut vapaa: sinun
täytyi "
"allekirjoittaa vaitiolosopimus, että sait edes suoritettavan kopion."
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"This meant that the first step in using a computer was to promise not to "
"help your neighbor. A cooperating community was forbidden. The rule made "
@@ -195,7 +217,7 @@
"jaat naapurisi kanssa olet piraatti. Jos haluat muutoksia, niin rukoile "
"meitä tekemään neâ."
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"The idea that the proprietary software social system—the system that "
"says you are not allowed to share or change software—is antisocial, "
@@ -218,11 +240,27 @@
"pitkään ja kovasti vakuuttaakseen ihmiset siitä että on vain yksi
näkökulma "
"asiaan."
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
+# | When software publishers talk about “enforcing” their
+# | “rights” or “stopping <a
+# | [-href=\"/philosophy/words-to-avoid.html#Piracy\">piracy</a>”,-]
+# | {+href=\"/philosophy/words-to-avoid.html#Piracy\">piracy</a>,”+}
+# | what they actually <em>say</em> is secondary. The real message of these
+# | statements is in the unstated assumptions they take for granted, which the
+# | public is asked to accept without examination. Let's therefore examine
+# | them.
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "When software publishers talk about “enforcing” their “"
+#| "rights” or “stopping <a href=\"/philosophy/words-to-avoid."
+#| "html#Piracy\">piracy</a>”, what they actually <em>say</em> is "
+#| "secondary. The real message of these statements is in the unstated "
+#| "assumptions they take for granted, which the public is asked to accept "
+#| "without examination. Let's therefore examine them."
msgid ""
"When software publishers talk about “enforcing” their “"
"rights” or “stopping <a href=\"/philosophy/words-to-avoid."
-"html#Piracy\">piracy</a>”, what they actually <em>say</em> is "
+"html#Piracy\">piracy</a>,” what they actually <em>say</em> is "
"secondary. The real message of these statements is in the unstated "
"assumptions they take for granted, which the public is asked to accept "
"without examination. Let's therefore examine them."
@@ -231,7 +269,7 @@
"href=\"/philosophy/words-to-avoid.html#Piracy\">piratismin</a> lopettamisesta"
"\""
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"One assumption is that software companies have an unquestionable natural "
"right to own software and thus have power over all its users. (If this were "
@@ -248,7 +286,7 @@
"luonnollinen oikeus vaan keinotekoinen hallituksen pakottama monopoli joka "
"rajoittaa käyttäjän luonnollista oikeutta kopioida."
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"Another unstated assumption is that the only important thing about software "
"is what jobs it allows you to do—that we computer users should not "
@@ -258,7 +296,7 @@
"tehdä, että meidän tietokoneiden käyttäjien ei tulisi välittää siitä
"
"minkälainen yhteisö meillä saa olla."
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"A third assumption is that we would have no usable software (or would never "
"have a program to do this or that particular job) if we did not offer a "
@@ -272,7 +310,7 @@
"saattanut olla vakuuttava ennen kuin vapaiden ohjelmistojen liike osoitti, "
"että me voimme tehdä paljon käyttökelpoisia ohjelmia kahlitsematta
niitä."
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"If we decline to accept these assumptions, and judge these issues based on "
"ordinary commonsense morality while placing the users first, we arrive at "
@@ -286,13 +324,31 @@
"vapaita muokkaamaan ohjelmia tarpeisiinsa ja olla vapaita jakamaan "
"ohjelmistoja, koska toisten ihmisten auttaminen on yhteiskunnan perusasia."
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
+# | There is no room here for an extensive statement of the reasoning behind
+# | this conclusion, so I refer the reader to [-the web pages <a
+# | href=\"/philosophy/why-free.html\">
+# | http://www.gnu.org/philosophy/why-free.html</a>-] {+“<a
+# | href=\"/philosophy/why-free.html\">Why Software Should Not Have
+# | Owners</a>,”+} and [-<a
+# | href=\"/philosophy/free-software-even-more-important.html\">
+# | http://www.gnu.org/philosophy/free-software-even-more-important.html</a>.-]
+# | {+“<a
+# | href=\"/philosophy/free-software-even-more-important.html\">Free Software
+# | Is Even More Important Now</a>.”+}
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "There is no room here for an extensive statement of the reasoning behind "
+#| "this conclusion, so I refer the reader to the web pages <a href=\"/"
+#| "philosophy/why-free.html\"> http://www.gnu.org/philosophy/why-free.html</"
+#| "a> and <a href=\"/philosophy/free-software-even-more-important.html\"> "
+#| "http://www.gnu.org/philosophy/free-software-even-more-important.html</a>."
msgid ""
"There is no room here for an extensive statement of the reasoning behind "
-"this conclusion, so I refer the reader to the web pages <a href=\"/"
-"philosophy/why-free.html\"> http://www.gnu.org/philosophy/why-free.html</a> "
-"and <a href=\"/philosophy/free-software-even-more-important.html\"> http://";
-"www.gnu.org/philosophy/free-software-even-more-important.html</a>."
+"this conclusion, so I refer the reader to “<a href=\"/philosophy/why-"
+"free.html\">Why Software Should Not Have Owners</a>,” and “<a "
+"href=\"/philosophy/free-software-even-more-important.html\">Free Software Is "
+"Even More Important Now</a>.”"
msgstr ""
"Tässä artikkelissa ei ole tilaa laajalle selitykselle tästä "
"johtopäätöksestä, joten viittaan lukijaa verkkosivuille <a href=\"/"
@@ -300,11 +356,11 @@
"<a href=\"/philosophy/free-software-even-more-important.html\"> http://gnu.";
"org/philosophy/free-software-even-more-important.html</a>"
-#. type: Content of: <h3>
+#. type: Content of: <div><h3>
msgid "A stark moral choice"
msgstr "Perustava moraalinen valinta"
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"With my community gone, to continue as before was impossible. Instead, I "
"faced a stark moral choice."
@@ -312,7 +368,7 @@
"Yhteisöni kadotessa jatkaminen kuten ennen oli mahdotonta. Sen sijaan "
"kohtasin perustavaa laatua olevan moraalisen valinnan."
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"The easy choice was to join the proprietary software world, signing "
"nondisclosure agreements and promising not to help my fellow hacker. Most "
@@ -326,7 +382,7 @@
"jotka julkaistaan vaitiolovelvollisuuden alla, näin lisäten muiden ihmisten
"
"painetta heidän kavereidensa pettämiseen."
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"I could have made money this way, and perhaps amused myself writing code. "
"But I knew that at the end of my career, I would look back on years of "
@@ -338,7 +394,7 @@
"vuodet rakentaessani muureja ihmisten erottamiseksi ja käyttäen koko
elämäni "
"tehdäkseni maailmasta huonomman paikan."
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"I had already experienced being on the receiving end of a nondisclosure "
"agreement, when someone refused to give me and the MIT AI Lab the source "
@@ -356,7 +412,7 @@
"kun hän kieltäytyi jakamasta meidän kanssamme; en voinut kääntyä ja
tehdä "
"saman muille."
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"Another choice, straightforward but unpleasant, was to leave the computer "
"field. That way my skills would not be misused, but they would still be "
@@ -368,7 +424,7 @@
"En voinut olla syyllinen käyttäjien erottamiseen ja rajoittamiseen mutta se
"
"tapahtuisi kuitenkin."
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"So I looked for a way that a programmer could do something for the good. I "
"asked myself, was there a program or programs that I could write, so as to "
@@ -378,7 +434,7 @@
"hyvää. Kysyin itseltäni: âOlisiko ohjelma tai ohjelmia joita voisin "
"kirjoittaa tehdäkseni yhteisön mahdolliseksi taas kerran?â"
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"The answer was clear: what was needed first was an operating system. That "
"is the crucial software for starting to use a computer. With an operating "
@@ -396,7 +452,24 @@
"kenet tahansa mukaan. Ja kuka tahansa pystyisi käyttämään tietokonetta "
"toimimatta ystäviään vastaan."
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
+# | As an operating system developer, I had the right skills for this job. So
+# | even though I could not take success for granted, I realized that I was
+# | elected to do the job. I chose to make the system compatible with Unix so
+# | that it would be portable, and so that Unix users could easily switch to
+# | it. The name GNU was chosen, following a hacker tradition, as a recursive
+# | acronym for “GNU's Not Unix.” It is pronounced as <a
+# | href=\"/gnu/pronunciation.html\">one syllable with a [-hard g</a>.-]
+# | {+hard <i>g</i></a>.+}
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "As an operating system developer, I had the right skills for this job. "
+#| "So even though I could not take success for granted, I realized that I "
+#| "was elected to do the job. I chose to make the system compatible with "
+#| "Unix so that it would be portable, and so that Unix users could easily "
+#| "switch to it. The name GNU was chosen, following a hacker tradition, as "
+#| "a recursive acronym for “GNU's Not Unix.” It is pronounced as "
+#| "<a href=\"/gnu/pronunciation.html\">one syllable with a hard g</a>."
msgid ""
"As an operating system developer, I had the right skills for this job. So "
"even though I could not take success for granted, I realized that I was "
@@ -404,7 +477,7 @@
"that it would be portable, and so that Unix users could easily switch to "
"it. The name GNU was chosen, following a hacker tradition, as a recursive "
"acronym for “GNU's Not Unix.” It is pronounced as <a href=\"/gnu/"
-"pronunciation.html\">one syllable with a hard g</a>."
+"pronunciation.html\">one syllable with a hard <i>g</i></a>."
msgstr ""
"Käyttöjärjestelmän kehittäjänä minulla oli tarpeelliset kyvyt tähän
työhön. "
"Joten vaikka en voinut olla varma menestyksestä ymmärsin, että minut oli "
@@ -415,7 +488,7 @@
"lauseesta \"GNU's Not Unix.\" Se lausutaan <a href=\"/gnu/pronunciation.html"
"\"> yhtenä sanana kovalla G:llä</a>."
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"An operating system does not mean just a kernel, barely enough to run other "
"programs. In the 1970s, every operating system worthy of the name included "
@@ -430,39 +503,37 @@
"muutakin. ITS:ssä, Multics:ssa, VMS:ssä ja Unix:ssa olivat ne. GNU-"
"käyttöjärjestelmä sisältäisi myös ne."
-#. type: Content of: <p>
-msgid "Later I heard these words, attributed to Hillel (1):"
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
+# | Later I heard these words, attributed to [-Hillel (1):-] {+Hillel <a
+# | href=\"#ft2\">[2]</a>:+}
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid "Later I heard these words, attributed to Hillel (1):"
+msgid ""
+"Later I heard these words, attributed to Hillel <a href=\"#ft2\">[2]</"
+"a>:"
msgstr "Myöhemmin kuulin nämä sanat Hillel:n sanomana (1):"
-#. type: Content of: <blockquote><p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><blockquote><p>
msgid "If I am not for myself, who will be for me?"
msgstr "Jos minä en ole itselleni, kuka on minulle?"
-#. type: Content of: <blockquote><p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><blockquote><p>
msgid "If I am only for myself, what am I?"
msgstr "Jos olen vain itselleni, mikä minä olen?"
-#. type: Content of: <blockquote><p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><blockquote><p>
msgid "If not now, when?"
msgstr "Jos ei nyt, koska?"
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid "The decision to start the GNU Project was based on a similar spirit."
msgstr "Päätös GNU-projektin aloittamisesta perustui samanlaiseen henkeen."
-#. type: Content of: <p>
-msgid ""
-"(1) As an Atheist, I don't follow any religious leaders, but I sometimes "
-"find I admire something one of them has said."
-msgstr ""
-"(1) Ateistina en seuraa mitään uskonnollisia johtajia mutta joskus ihailen "
-"jotain mitä joku heistä on sanonut."
-
-#. type: Content of: <h3>
+#. type: Content of: <div><h3>
msgid "Free as in freedom"
msgstr "Vapaus"
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"The term “free software” is sometimes misunderstood—it has "
"nothing to do with price. It is about freedom. Here, therefore, is the "
@@ -472,15 +543,15 @@
"tekemistä hinnan kanssa. On vain kyse vapaudesta. Siksi tässä on
määritelmä "
"termistä vapaa ohjelmisto."
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid "A program is free software, for you, a particular user, if:"
msgstr "Ohjelmisto on vapaa sinulle, käyttäjälle jos:"
-#. type: Content of: <ul><li>
+#. type: Content of: <div><ul><li>
msgid "You have the freedom to run the program as you wish, for any purpose."
msgstr "Sinulla on vapaus käyttää ohjelmaa, mihin tahansa tarkoitukseen."
-#. type: Content of: <ul><li>
+#. type: Content of: <div><ul><li>
msgid ""
"You have the freedom to modify the program to suit your needs. (To make "
"this freedom effective in practice, you must have access to the source code, "
@@ -491,13 +562,13 @@
"toteuttaminen käytännössä vaatii että sinulla on pääsy lähdekoodiin,
koska "
"muutosten tekeminen ohjelmaan ilman lähdekoodia on erittäin vaikeaa.)"
-#. type: Content of: <ul><li>
+#. type: Content of: <div><ul><li>
msgid ""
"You have the freedom to redistribute copies, either gratis or for a fee."
msgstr ""
"Sinulla on vapaus levittää kopioita, joko ilmaiseksi tai maksua vastaan."
-#. type: Content of: <ul><li>
+#. type: Content of: <div><ul><li>
msgid ""
"You have the freedom to distribute modified versions of the program, so that "
"the community can benefit from your improvements."
@@ -505,7 +576,7 @@
"Sinulla on vapaus levittää muokattuja versioita ohjelmasta siten , että "
"yhteisö voi hyötyä tekemistäsi muutoksista."
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"Since “free” refers to freedom, not to price, there is no "
"contradiction between selling copies and free software. In fact, the "
@@ -521,14 +592,34 @@
"vapaiden ohjelmistojen kehittämiseen. Täten ohjelma jota ihmiset eivät ole
"
"vapaita laittamaan joihinkin näistä kokoelmista ei ole vapaa ohjelma."
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
+# | Because of the ambiguity of [-“free”,-]
+# | {+“free,”+} people have long looked for alternatives, but no
+# | one has found a better term. The English language has more words and
+# | nuances than any other, but it lacks a simple, unambiguous, word that
+# | means [-“free”,-] {+“free,”+} as in
+# | freedom—“unfettered” being the word that comes closest
+# | in meaning. Such alternatives as [-“liberated”,
+# | “freedom”,-] {+“liberated,”
+# | “freedom,”+} and “open” have either the wrong
+# | meaning or some other disadvantage.
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "Because of the ambiguity of “free”, people have long looked "
+#| "for alternatives, but no one has found a better term. The English "
+#| "language has more words and nuances than any other, but it lacks a "
+#| "simple, unambiguous, word that means “free”, as in "
+#| "freedom—“unfettered” being the word that comes closest "
+#| "in meaning. Such alternatives as “liberated”, “"
+#| "freedom”, and “open” have either the wrong meaning or "
+#| "some other disadvantage."
msgid ""
-"Because of the ambiguity of “free”, people have long looked for "
+"Because of the ambiguity of “free,” people have long looked for "
"alternatives, but no one has found a better term. The English language has "
"more words and nuances than any other, but it lacks a simple, unambiguous, "
-"word that means “free”, as in freedom—“"
+"word that means “free,” as in freedom—“"
"unfettered” being the word that comes closest in meaning. Such "
-"alternatives as “liberated”, “freedom”, and “"
+"alternatives as “liberated,” “freedom,” and “"
"open” have either the wrong meaning or some other disadvantage."
msgstr ""
"Johtuen sanan \"free\" (ilmainen,vapaa) moniselitteisyydestä ihmiset ovat "
@@ -536,11 +627,11 @@
"Englannissa on enemmän sanoja ja nyansseja kuin missään muussa mutta
siitä "
"puuttuu helppo ja yksiselitteinen sana joka tarkoittaa vapaa kuten vapaus."
-#. type: Content of: <h3>
+#. type: Content of: <div><h3>
msgid "GNU software and the GNU system"
msgstr "GNU-ohjelmistot ja GNU-järjestelmä"
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"Developing a whole system is a very large project. To bring it into reach, "
"I decided to adapt and use existing pieces of free software wherever that "
@@ -555,7 +646,7 @@
"käyttää X-ikkunointijärjestelmää oman ikkunointijärjestelmän GNU:lle "
"kirjoittamisen sijasta."
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"Because of these decisions, and others like them, the GNU system is not the "
"same as the collection of all GNU software. The GNU system includes "
@@ -569,11 +660,11 @@
"käyttötarkoituksiinsa mutta joita me voimme käyttää koska ne ovat
vapaita "
"ohjelmistoja."
-#. type: Content of: <h3>
+#. type: Content of: <div><h3>
msgid "Commencing the project"
msgstr "Projektin aloittaminen"
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"In January 1984 I quit my job at MIT and began writing GNU software. "
"Leaving MIT was necessary so that MIT would not be able to interfere with "
@@ -590,7 +681,7 @@
"henkilökunnassa, MIT olisi voinut väittää työtäni omakseen ja
määrätä omat "
"levityssäännöt tai jopa muuttaa työn ei-vapaaksi ohjelmistoksi."
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"However, Professor Winston, then the head of the MIT AI Lab, kindly invited "
"me to keep using the lab's facilities."
@@ -598,15 +689,29 @@
"Kuitenkin professori Winston, silloinen MIT:n keinoälylaboratorion johtaja "
"kutsui minut sydämellisesti jatkamaan laboratorion laitteiston
käyttämistä."
-#. type: Content of: <h3>
+#. type: Content of: <div><h3>
msgid "The first steps"
msgstr "Ensiaskeleet"
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
+# | Shortly before beginning the GNU Project, I heard about the Free
+# | University Compiler Kit, also known as VUCK. (The Dutch word for
+# | “free” is written with a [-<em>v</em>.)-] {+<i>v</i>.)+} This
+# | was a compiler designed to handle multiple languages, including C and
+# | Pascal, and to support multiple target machines. I wrote to its author
+# | asking if GNU could use it.
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "Shortly before beginning the GNU Project, I heard about the Free "
+#| "University Compiler Kit, also known as VUCK. (The Dutch word for “"
+#| "free” is written with a <em>v</em>.) This was a compiler designed "
+#| "to handle multiple languages, including C and Pascal, and to support "
+#| "multiple target machines. I wrote to its author asking if GNU could use "
+#| "it."
msgid ""
"Shortly before beginning the GNU Project, I heard about the Free University "
"Compiler Kit, also known as VUCK. (The Dutch word for “free” is "
-"written with a <em>v</em>.) This was a compiler designed to handle multiple "
+"written with a <i>v</i>.) This was a compiler designed to handle multiple "
"languages, including C and Pascal, and to support multiple target machines. "
"I wrote to its author asking if GNU could use it."
msgstr ""
@@ -617,7 +722,7 @@
"useille kohdekoneille. Kirjoitin ohjelman tekijälle kysyen että voisiko GNU
"
"käyttää sitä."
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"He responded derisively, stating that the university was free but the "
"compiler was not. I therefore decided that my first program for the GNU "
@@ -627,7 +732,7 @@
"ei. Täten päätin että ensimmäinen ohjelmani GNU-projektille olisi
kääntäjä "
"joka tukisi useita laitteistoalustoja ja ohjelmointikieliä."
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"Hoping to avoid the need to write the whole compiler myself, I obtained the "
"source code for the Pastel compiler, which was a multiplatform compiler "
@@ -647,11 +752,31 @@
"kääntäjä vaati useita megatavuja tilaa pinosta ja saatavilla oleva 68000 "
"Unix-järjestelmä sallisi vain 64 kilotavua."
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
+# | I then realized that the Pastel compiler functioned by parsing the entire
+# | input file into a syntax tree, converting the whole syntax tree into a
+# | chain of [-“instructions”,-] {+“instructions,”+}
+# | and then generating the whole output file, without ever freeing any
+# | storage. At this point, I concluded I would have to write a new compiler
+# | from scratch. That new compiler is now known as <abbr title=\"GNU
+# | Compiler Collection\">GCC</abbr>; none of the Pastel compiler is used in
+# | it, but I managed to adapt and use the C front end that I had written.
+# | But that was some years later; first, I worked on GNU Emacs.
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "I then realized that the Pastel compiler functioned by parsing the entire "
+#| "input file into a syntax tree, converting the whole syntax tree into a "
+#| "chain of “instructions”, and then generating the whole output "
+#| "file, without ever freeing any storage. At this point, I concluded I "
+#| "would have to write a new compiler from scratch. That new compiler is "
+#| "now known as <abbr title=\"GNU Compiler Collection\">GCC</abbr>; none of "
+#| "the Pastel compiler is used in it, but I managed to adapt and use the C "
+#| "front end that I had written. But that was some years later; first, I "
+#| "worked on GNU Emacs."
msgid ""
"I then realized that the Pastel compiler functioned by parsing the entire "
"input file into a syntax tree, converting the whole syntax tree into a chain "
-"of “instructions”, and then generating the whole output file, "
+"of “instructions,” and then generating the whole output file, "
"without ever freeing any storage. At this point, I concluded I would have "
"to write a new compiler from scratch. That new compiler is now known as "
"<abbr title=\"GNU Compiler Collection\">GCC</abbr>; none of the Pastel "
@@ -668,11 +793,11 @@
"liittymää jonka olin kirjoittanut. Mutta se oli pari vuotta myöhemmin;
ensin "
"työskentelin GNU Emacsin parissa."
-#. type: Content of: <h3>
+#. type: Content of: <div><h3>
msgid "GNU Emacs"
msgstr "GNU Emacs"
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"I began work on GNU Emacs in September 1984, and in early 1985 it was "
"beginning to be usable. This enabled me to begin using Unix systems to do "
@@ -685,7 +810,7 @@
"opetella vi- tai ed-editoreita olin tehnyt editointini muunlaisilla koneilla "
"sitä ennen."
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"At this point, people began wanting to use GNU Emacs, which raised the "
"question of how to distribute it. Of course, I put it on the anonymous ftp "
@@ -704,7 +829,7 @@
"sinä aikana monet kiinnostuneet ihmiset eivät olleet Internetissä
eivätkä "
"siten voineet saada kopiota ftp:llä. Joten kysymys oli; mitä sanoisin
heille?"
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"I could have said, “Find a friend who is on the net and who will make "
"a copy for you.” Or I could have done what I did with the original "
@@ -726,11 +851,11 @@
"vapaan ohjelmiston jakelu-bisneksen, edeltäjä yrityksille, jotka tänään "
"jakelevat kokonaisia GNU/Linux-jakelupaketteja."
-#. type: Content of: <h3>
+#. type: Content of: <div><h3>
msgid "Is a program free for every user?"
msgstr "Onko ohjelma vapaa kaikille sen käyttäjille?"
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"If a program is free software when it leaves the hands of its author, this "
"does not necessarily mean it will be free software for everyone who has a "
@@ -749,7 +874,7 @@
"ohjelmat ovat copyrightin alla mutta levitettynä yksinkertaisilla, "
"sallivilla lisensseillä jotka sallivat ei-vapaiden versioiden tekemisen."
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"The paradigmatic example of this problem is the X Window System. Developed "
"at MIT, and released as free software with a permissive license, it was soon "
@@ -764,11 +889,23 @@
"vaitiolosopimuksen kanssa. Nämä kopiot X:stä eivät olleet yhtään sen "
"vapaampia kuin Unix oli."
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
+# | The developers of the X Window System did not consider this a
+# | problem—they expected and intended this to happen. Their goal was
+# | not freedom, just [-“success”,-] {+“success,”+}
+# | defined as “having many users.” They did not care whether
+# | these users had freedom, only that they should be numerous.
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "The developers of the X Window System did not consider this a "
+#| "problem—they expected and intended this to happen. Their goal was "
+#| "not freedom, just “success”, defined as “having many "
+#| "users.” They did not care whether these users had freedom, only "
+#| "that they should be numerous."
msgid ""
"The developers of the X Window System did not consider this a problem—"
"they expected and intended this to happen. Their goal was not freedom, just "
-"“success”, defined as “having many users.” They did "
+"“success,” defined as “having many users.” They did "
"not care whether these users had freedom, only that they should be numerous."
msgstr ""
"X-ikkunointijärjestemän kehittäjät eivät ajatelleet tätä ongelmana. He
"
@@ -776,7 +913,7 @@
"vain âmenestysâ määritettynä âsaada monta käyttäjääâ. He
eivät välittäneet "
"käyttäjien vapaudesta. Vain siitä, että heitä pitäisi olla paljon."
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"This led to a paradoxical situation where two different ways of counting the "
"amount of freedom gave different answers to the question, “Is this "
@@ -793,22 +930,33 @@
"ollut vapaa. Useimmat X:n käyttäjät ajoivat ei-vapaita versioita jotka "
"tulivat Unix-järjestelmien mukana eivätkä vapaata versiota."
-#. type: Content of: <h3>
+#. type: Content of: <div><h3>
msgid "Copyleft and the GNU GPL"
msgstr "Copyleft ja GNU GPL"
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
+# | The goal of GNU was to give users freedom, not just to be popular. So we
+# | needed to use distribution terms that would prevent GNU software from
+# | being turned into proprietary software. The method we use is called
+# | [-“copyleft”.(1)-] {+“copyleft” <a
+# | href=\"#ft3\">[3]</a>.+}
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "The goal of GNU was to give users freedom, not just to be popular. So we "
+#| "needed to use distribution terms that would prevent GNU software from "
+#| "being turned into proprietary software. The method we use is called "
+#| "“copyleft”.(1)"
msgid ""
"The goal of GNU was to give users freedom, not just to be popular. So we "
"needed to use distribution terms that would prevent GNU software from being "
"turned into proprietary software. The method we use is called “"
-"copyleft”.(1)"
+"copyleft” <a href=\"#ft3\">[3]</a>."
msgstr ""
"GNU:n tavoite oli antaa käyttäjille vapaus eikä vain olla suosittu. Joten
me "
"tarvitsimme lisenssin joka estäisi GNU-ohjelmistoja kadottamasta vapauttaan.
"
"Tapa jota me käytämme tunnetaan nimellä \"copyleft\".(1)"
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"Copyleft uses copyright law, but flips it over to serve the opposite of its "
"usual purpose: instead of a means for restricting a program, it becomes a "
@@ -818,7 +966,7 @@
"normaalin tarkoituksensa vastakohdan: sen sijaan, että se rajoittaa "
"ohjelmaa, siitä tulee tarkoitus pitää ohjelma vapaana."
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"The central idea of copyleft is that we give everyone permission to run the "
"program, copy the program, modify the program, and distribute modified "
@@ -832,7 +980,7 @@
"vapaa ohjelmisto ovat taatut jokaiselle jolla kopio on; niistä tulee "
"luovuttamattomia oikeuksia."
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"For an effective copyleft, modified versions must also be free. This "
"ensures that work based on ours becomes available to our community if it is "
@@ -848,7 +996,7 @@
"âSinä et voi jakaa näitä muutoksia, koska me aiomme tehdä ei-vapaan
version "
"tuosta ohjelmasta.â"
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"The requirement that changes must be free is essential if we want to ensure "
"freedom for every user of the program. The companies that privatized the X "
@@ -865,7 +1013,7 @@
"on veruke vapauden kieltämiseksi käyttäjiltä kenen tahansa olisi helppoa "
"hyötyä tästä verukkeesta."
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"A related issue concerns combining a free program with nonfree code. Such a "
"combination would inevitably be nonfree; whichever freedoms are lacking for "
@@ -883,13 +1031,27 @@
"reikä: kaikki mitä lisätään tai yhdistetään copyleft-ohjelmaan
aiheuttaa "
"sen, että tämä suurempi kokonaisuus on myös vapaa ja copyleft-ohjelma."
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
+# | The specific implementation of copyleft that we use for most GNU software
+# | is the GNU General Public License, or GNU GPL for short. We have other
+# | kinds of copyleft that are used in specific circumstances. GNU manuals
+# | are copylefted also, but use a much simpler kind of copyleft, because the
+# | complexity of the GNU GPL is not necessary for [-manuals.(2)-]
+# | {+manuals. <a href=\"#ft4\">[4]</a>+}
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "The specific implementation of copyleft that we use for most GNU software "
+#| "is the GNU General Public License, or GNU GPL for short. We have other "
+#| "kinds of copyleft that are used in specific circumstances. GNU manuals "
+#| "are copylefted also, but use a much simpler kind of copyleft, because the "
+#| "complexity of the GNU GPL is not necessary for manuals.(2)"
msgid ""
"The specific implementation of copyleft that we use for most GNU software is "
"the GNU General Public License, or GNU GPL for short. We have other kinds "
"of copyleft that are used in specific circumstances. GNU manuals are "
"copylefted also, but use a much simpler kind of copyleft, because the "
-"complexity of the GNU GPL is not necessary for manuals.(2)"
+"complexity of the GNU GPL is not necessary for manuals. <a href="
+"\"#ft4\">[4]</a>"
msgstr ""
"Erityinen toteutus copyleftistä, se jota me käytämme suurimmalle osalle
GNU-"
"ohjelmia on GNU General Public License (GNU Yleinen Julkinen Lisenssi) tai "
@@ -898,37 +1060,34 @@
"käyttävät paljon yksinkertaisempaa copyleftiä, koska GNU GPL:n "
"monimutkaisuus ei ole tarpeellista manuaaleille. (2)"
-#. type: Content of: <p>
-msgid ""
-"(1) In 1984 or 1985, Don Hopkins (a very imaginative fellow) mailed me a "
-"letter. On the envelope he had written several amusing sayings, including "
-"this one: “Copyleft—all rights reversed.” I used the word "
-"“copyleft” to name the distribution concept I was developing at "
-"the time."
-msgstr ""
-"(1) Vuonna 1984 tai 1985, Don Hopkins (hyvin mielikuvituskykyinen kaveri) "
-"lähetti minulle kirjeen. Kirjeeseen oli kirjoitettu useita huvittavia "
-"sanontoja mukaanlukien tämä: âCopyleftâall rights reversedâ
(âCopyleft- "
-"kaikki oikeudet käännettyâ). Käytin sanaa âcopyleftâ nimetäkseni "
-"levitysidean jota minä kehitin silloin."
-
-#. type: Content of: <p>
-msgid ""
-"(2) We now use the <a href=\"/licenses/fdl.html\">GNU Free Documentation "
-"License</a> for documentation."
-msgstr ""
-"(2) Me nykyään käytämme <a href=\"/licenses/fdl.html\">GNU Free "
-"Documentation Licenseä</a> dokumentaatiota varten."
-
-#. type: Content of: <h3>
+#. type: Content of: <div><h3>
msgid "The Free Software Foundation"
msgstr "Free Software Foundation"
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
+# | As interest in using Emacs was growing, other people became involved in
+# | the GNU project, and we decided that it was time to seek funding once
+# | again. So in 1985 we created the <a
+# | href=\"http{+s+}://www.fsf.org/\">Free Software Foundation</a> (FSF), a
+# | tax-exempt charity for free software development. The <abbr title=\"Free
+# | Software Foundation\">FSF</abbr> also took over the Emacs tape
+# | distribution business; later it extended this by adding other free
+# | software (both GNU and non-GNU) to the tape, and by selling free manuals
+# | as well.
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "As interest in using Emacs was growing, other people became involved in "
+#| "the GNU project, and we decided that it was time to seek funding once "
+#| "again. So in 1985 we created the <a href=\"http://www.fsf.org/\";>Free "
+#| "Software Foundation</a> (FSF), a tax-exempt charity for free software "
+#| "development. The <abbr title=\"Free Software Foundation\">FSF</abbr> "
+#| "also took over the Emacs tape distribution business; later it extended "
+#| "this by adding other free software (both GNU and non-GNU) to the tape, "
+#| "and by selling free manuals as well."
msgid ""
"As interest in using Emacs was growing, other people became involved in the "
"GNU project, and we decided that it was time to seek funding once again. So "
-"in 1985 we created the <a href=\"http://www.fsf.org/\";>Free Software "
+"in 1985 we created the <a href=\"https://www.fsf.org/\";>Free Software "
"Foundation</a> (FSF), a tax-exempt charity for free software development. "
"The <abbr title=\"Free Software Foundation\">FSF</abbr> also took over the "
"Emacs tape distribution business; later it extended this by adding other "
@@ -944,16 +1103,37 @@
"lisäten muita vapaita ohjelmistoja (myös GNU ja ei-GNU) nauhalle ja myyden "
"myös manuaaleja."
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
+# | Most of the FSF's income used to come from sales of copies of free
+# | software and of other related services (CD-ROMs of source code, CD-ROMs
+# | with binaries, nicely printed manuals, all with the freedom to
+# | redistribute and modify), and Deluxe Distributions (distributions for
+# | which we built the whole collection of software for the customer's choice
+# | of platform). Today the FSF still <a href=\"http{+s+}://shop.fsf.org/\">
+# | sells manuals and other gear</a>, but it gets the bulk of its funding from
+# | members' dues. You can join the FSF at <a
+# | [-href=\"http://fsf.org/join\";>fsf.org</a>.-]
+# | {+href=\"https://my.fsf.org/join\";>fsf.org</a>.+}
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "Most of the FSF's income used to come from sales of copies of free "
+#| "software and of other related services (CD-ROMs of source code, CD-ROMs "
+#| "with binaries, nicely printed manuals, all with the freedom to "
+#| "redistribute and modify), and Deluxe Distributions (distributions for "
+#| "which we built the whole collection of software for the customer's choice "
+#| "of platform). Today the FSF still <a href=\"http://shop.fsf.org/\";> "
+#| "sells manuals and other gear</a>, but it gets the bulk of its funding "
+#| "from members' dues. You can join the FSF at <a href=\"http://fsf.org/join";
+#| "\">fsf.org</a>."
msgid ""
"Most of the FSF's income used to come from sales of copies of free software "
"and of other related services (CD-ROMs of source code, CD-ROMs with "
"binaries, nicely printed manuals, all with the freedom to redistribute and "
"modify), and Deluxe Distributions (distributions for which we built the "
"whole collection of software for the customer's choice of platform). Today "
-"the FSF still <a href=\"http://shop.fsf.org/\";> sells manuals and other "
+"the FSF still <a href=\"https://shop.fsf.org/\";> sells manuals and other "
"gear</a>, but it gets the bulk of its funding from members' dues. You can "
-"join the FSF at <a href=\"http://fsf.org/join\";>fsf.org</a>."
+"join the FSF at <a href=\"https://my.fsf.org/join\";>fsf.org</a>."
msgstr ""
"Suurin osa FSF:n tuotosta tuli vapaiden ohjelmistojen ja muiden palvelujen "
"(lähdekoodi-CD:t, binääri-CD:t, mukavasti tulostetut käyttöohjeet,
kaiken "
@@ -964,7 +1144,24 @@
"jäsenmaksuista. Voit liittyä FSF:ään osoitteessa <a
href=\"http://fsf.org/";
"join\">fsf.org</a>."
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
+# | Free Software Foundation employees have written and maintained a number of
+# | GNU software packages. Two notable ones are the C library and the shell.
+# | The GNU C library is what every program running on a GNU/Linux system uses
+# | to communicate with Linux. It was developed by a member of the Free
+# | Software Foundation staff, Roland McGrath. The shell used on most
+# | GNU/Linux systems is <abbr title=\"Bourne Again Shell\">BASH</abbr>, the
+# | Bourne Again [-Shell(1),-] {+SHell <a href=\"#ft5\">[5]</a>,+} which
+# | was developed by FSF employee Brian Fox.
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "Free Software Foundation employees have written and maintained a number "
+#| "of GNU software packages. Two notable ones are the C library and the "
+#| "shell. The GNU C library is what every program running on a GNU/Linux "
+#| "system uses to communicate with Linux. It was developed by a member of "
+#| "the Free Software Foundation staff, Roland McGrath. The shell used on "
+#| "most GNU/Linux systems is <abbr title=\"Bourne Again Shell\">BASH</abbr>, "
+#| "the Bourne Again Shell(1), which was developed by FSF employee Brian Fox."
msgid ""
"Free Software Foundation employees have written and maintained a number of "
"GNU software packages. Two notable ones are the C library and the shell. "
@@ -972,7 +1169,8 @@
"to communicate with Linux. It was developed by a member of the Free "
"Software Foundation staff, Roland McGrath. The shell used on most GNU/Linux "
"systems is <abbr title=\"Bourne Again Shell\">BASH</abbr>, the Bourne Again "
-"Shell(1), which was developed by FSF employee Brian Fox."
+"SHell <a href=\"#ft5\">[5]</a>, which was developed by FSF employee "
+"Brian Fox."
msgstr ""
"Free Software Foundation:in alaiset ovat kirjoittaneet ja ylläpitäneet "
"useita GNU-ohjelmistoja. Kaksi huomattavaa ovat C-kirjasto ja kuori (shell) "
@@ -983,7 +1181,7 @@
"\">BASH</abbr> , the Bourne Again Shell (1) jonka on kehittänyt FSF:n "
"alainen Brian Fox."
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"We funded development of these programs because the GNU Project was not just "
"about tools or a development environment. Our goal was a complete operating "
@@ -994,19 +1192,11 @@
"täydellinen käyttöjärjestelmä ja nämä ohjelmat olivat ne jotka
tarvittaisiin "
"siihen tavoitteeseen pääsemiseksi."
-#. type: Content of: <p>
-msgid ""
-"(1) “Bourne Again Shell” is a play on the name “Bourne "
-"Shell”, which was the usual shell on Unix."
-msgstr ""
-"(1) \"Bourne Again Shell\" on vitsi nimestä \"Bourne Shell\", joka oli "
-"tavallinen Unix:n komentotulkki."
-
-#. type: Content of: <h3>
+#. type: Content of: <div><h3>
msgid "Free software support"
msgstr "Vapaiden ohjelmien tuki"
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"The free software philosophy rejects a specific widespread business "
"practice, but it is not against business. When businesses respect the "
@@ -1016,7 +1206,7 @@
"bisnestavan, mutta se ei ole bisnestä vastaan. Kun liikeala kunnioittaa "
"käyttäjien vapautta, me toivotamme heille menestystä."
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"Selling copies of Emacs demonstrates one kind of free software business. "
"When the FSF took over that business, I needed another way to make a "
@@ -1032,7 +1222,7 @@
"GNU Emacs:ia ja kuinka muokata GCC:tä ja ohjelmistonkehitystä, suurilta
osin "
"GCC:n muokkaamista toimivaksi uusilla laitteistoalustoilla."
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"Today each of these kinds of free software business is practiced by a number "
"of corporations. Some distribute free software collections on CD-ROM; "
@@ -1048,14 +1238,33 @@
"ohjelmistoyhtiöitä jotka perustavat liiketoimintansa uusien vapaiden "
"ohjelmien kehittämiseen."
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
+# | Watch out, though—a number of companies that associate themselves
+# | with the term “open source” actually base their business on
+# | nonfree software that works with free software. These are not free
+# | software companies, they are proprietary software companies whose products
+# | tempt users away from freedom. They call these programs
+# | “value-added [-packages”,-] {+packages,”+} which shows
+# | the values they would like us to adopt: convenience above freedom. If we
+# | value freedom more, we should call them “freedom-subtracted”
+# | packages.
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "Watch out, though—a number of companies that associate themselves "
+#| "with the term “open source” actually base their business on "
+#| "nonfree software that works with free software. These are not free "
+#| "software companies, they are proprietary software companies whose "
+#| "products tempt users away from freedom. They call these programs “"
+#| "value-added packages”, which shows the values they would like us to "
+#| "adopt: convenience above freedom. If we value freedom more, we should "
+#| "call them “freedom-subtracted” packages."
msgid ""
"Watch out, though—a number of companies that associate themselves with "
"the term “open source” actually base their business on nonfree "
"software that works with free software. These are not free software "
"companies, they are proprietary software companies whose products tempt "
"users away from freedom. They call these programs “value-added "
-"packages”, which shows the values they would like us to adopt: "
+"packages,” which shows the values they would like us to adopt: "
"convenience above freedom. If we value freedom more, we should call them "
"“freedom-subtracted” packages."
msgstr ""
@@ -1068,11 +1277,11 @@
"hyväksyvän: mukavuus vapauden edelle. Jos me arvostamme vapautta enemmän "
"meidän tulisi kutsua näitä âvapaudesta vähennetyiksiâ tuotteiksi."
-#. type: Content of: <h3>
+#. type: Content of: <div><h3>
msgid "Technical goals"
msgstr "Tekniset tavoitteet"
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"The principal goal of GNU is to be free software. Even if GNU had no "
"technical advantage over Unix, it would have a social advantage, allowing "
@@ -1083,7 +1292,7 @@
"etu, antaen käyttäjien tehdä yhteistyötä ja eettinen etu, käyttäjien "
"vapauden kunnioittaminen."
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"But it was natural to apply the known standards of good practice to the "
"work—for example, dynamically allocating data structures to avoid "
@@ -1095,7 +1304,7 @@
"kokorajoitusten välttämiseksi ja kaikkien mahdollisten 8-bittisten koodien "
"käsittely aina kun se oli järkevää."
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"In addition, we rejected the Unix focus on small memory size, by deciding "
"not to support 16-bit machines (it was clear that 32-bit machines would be "
@@ -1113,7 +1322,7 @@
"kriittistä rohkaisimme ohjelmoijia lukemaan koko tiedoston muistiin ja vasta
"
"sitten tutkia sen sisältöä huolehtimatta I/O:sta."
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"These decisions enabled many GNU programs to surpass their Unix counterparts "
"in reliability and speed."
@@ -1121,11 +1330,11 @@
"Nämä päätökset sallivat useiden GNU-ohjelmien voittaa Unix-vastineensa "
"luotettavuudessa ja nopeudessa."
-#. type: Content of: <h3>
+#. type: Content of: <div><h3>
msgid "Donated computers"
msgstr "Lahjoitetut tietokoneet"
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"As the GNU Project's reputation grew, people began offering to donate "
"machines running Unix to the project. These were very useful, because the "
@@ -1140,7 +1349,7 @@
"palalta. Mutta tämä aiheutti eettisen kysymyksen: oliko Unix:n kopion "
"hallussapitäminen oikein meille."
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"Unix was (and is) proprietary software, and the GNU Project's philosophy "
"said that we should not use proprietary software. But, applying the same "
@@ -1157,7 +1366,7 @@
"kehittämiseen joka auttaisi muita olemaan käyttämättä ei-vapaata "
"komponenttia."
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"But, even if this was a justifiable evil, it was still an evil. Today we no "
"longer have any copies of Unix, because we have replaced them with free "
@@ -1169,11 +1378,11 @@
"käyttöjärjestelmillä. Jos emme voineet korvata tietokoneen "
"käyttöjärjestelmää vapaalla, me korvasimme koneen sen sijaan."
-#. type: Content of: <h3>
+#. type: Content of: <div><h3>
msgid "The GNU Task List"
msgstr "GNU:n tehtävälista"
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"As the GNU Project proceeded, and increasing numbers of system components "
"were found or developed, eventually it became useful to make a list of the "
@@ -1191,13 +1400,27 @@
"muitakin sekalaisia ohjelmisto- ja dokumentointiprojektien tuotoksia jotka "
"me arvelimme täysin täydellisen järjestelmän tarvitsevan."
-#. type: Content of: <p>
-msgid ""
-"Today (1), hardly any Unix components are left in the GNU Task List—"
-"those jobs had been done, aside from a few inessential ones. But the list "
-"is full of projects that some might call “applications”. Any "
-"program that appeals to more than a narrow class of users would be a useful "
-"thing to add to an operating system."
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
+# | [-Today (1),-]{+Today <a href=\"#ft6\">[6]</a>,+} hardly any Unix
+# | components are left in the GNU Task List—those jobs had been done,
+# | aside from a few inessential ones. But the list is full of projects that
+# | some might call [-“applications”.-]
+# | {+“applications.”+} Any program that appeals to more than a
+# | narrow class of users would be a useful thing to add to an operating
+# | system.
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "Today (1), hardly any Unix components are left in the GNU Task List—"
+#| "those jobs had been done, aside from a few inessential ones. But the "
+#| "list is full of projects that some might call “"
+#| "applications”. Any program that appeals to more than a narrow "
+#| "class of users would be a useful thing to add to an operating system."
+msgid ""
+"Today <a href=\"#ft6\">[6]</a>, hardly any Unix components are left in "
+"the GNU Task List—those jobs had been done, aside from a few "
+"inessential ones. But the list is full of projects that some might call "
+"“applications.” Any program that appeals to more than a narrow "
+"class of users would be a useful thing to add to an operating system."
msgstr ""
"Tänään (1), tuskin yhtäkään Unix-komponenttia on jäljellä GNU:n "
"tehtävälistassa, koska nämä työt on jo tehty lukuunottamatta muutamia "
@@ -1205,7 +1428,7 @@
"kutsua âsovelluksiksiâ. Mutta ohjelma joka on käyttökelpoinen muille
kuin "
"pienelle osalle käyttäjistä olisi hyödyllistä lisätä
käyttöjärjestelmään."
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"Even games are included in the task list—and have been since the "
"beginning. Unix included games, so naturally GNU should too. But "
@@ -1220,34 +1443,31 @@
"listasimme laajan valikoiman erilaisia pelejä joista käyttäjät voisivat "
"pitää."
-#. type: Content of: <p>
-msgid ""
-"(1) That was written in 1998. In 2009 we no longer maintain a long task "
-"list. The community develops free software so fast that we can't even keep "
-"track of it all. Instead, we have a list of High Priority Projects, a much "
-"shorter list of projects we really want to encourage people to write."
-msgstr ""
-"(1) Tuo oli kirjoitettu vuonna 1998. Vuonna 2009 me emme enää pidä "
-"tehtävälistaa. Yhteisö kehittää vapaata ohjelmistoa niin nopeasti,
että "
-"emme enää voi seurata heitä. Sen sijaan, meillä on lista korkean "
-"prioriteetin projekteista, paljon lyhyempi lista projekteista, joita me "
-"haluamme ihmisten kirjoittavan."
-
-#. type: Content of: <h3>
+#. type: Content of: <div><h3>
msgid "The GNU Library GPL"
msgstr "GNU:n lisenssi kirjastoille, LGPL"
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
+# | The GNU C library uses a special kind of copyleft called the GNU Library
+# | General Public [-License(1),-] {+License <a href=\"#ft7\">[7]</a>,+}
+# | which gives permission to link proprietary software with the library. Why
+# | make this exception?
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "The GNU C library uses a special kind of copyleft called the GNU Library "
+#| "General Public License(1), which gives permission to link proprietary "
+#| "software with the library. Why make this exception?"
msgid ""
"The GNU C library uses a special kind of copyleft called the GNU Library "
-"General Public License(1), which gives permission to link proprietary "
-"software with the library. Why make this exception?"
+"General Public License <a href=\"#ft7\">[7]</a>, which gives "
+"permission to link proprietary software with the library. Why make this "
+"exception?"
msgstr ""
"GNU:n C-kirjasto käyttää erityistä copyleftiä nimeltään GNU Library
General "
"Public License (GNU Kirjasto Yleinen Julkinen Lisenssi) joka antaa luvan "
"yhdistää ei-vapaita ohjelmistoja kirjastoon. Miksi tehdä tämä poikkeus?"
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"It is not a matter of principle; there is no principle that says proprietary "
"software products are entitled to include our code. (Why contribute to a "
@@ -1259,7 +1479,7 @@
"avustaa projektia joka kieltäytyy jakamisesta kanssamme?) LGPL:n
käyttäminen "
"C-kirjastolle tai mille tahansa kirjastolle on strateginen kysymys."
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"The C library does a generic job; every proprietary system or compiler comes "
"with a C library. Therefore, to make our C library available only to free "
@@ -1271,7 +1491,7 @@
"saataville vain vapaille ohjelmille ei olisi antanut niille mitään etua, "
"vaan se olisi vain vähentänyt kirjastomme käyttöä."
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"One system is an exception to this: on the GNU system (and this includes GNU/"
"Linux), the GNU C library is the only C library. So the distribution terms "
@@ -1291,7 +1511,7 @@
"vapaita ohjelmia. Tämän takia kirjasto-GPL:n käyttäminen on hyvä
strategia C-"
"kirjastolle."
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"For other libraries, the strategic decision needs to be considered on a case-"
"by-case basis. When a library does a special job that can help write "
@@ -1305,7 +1525,7 @@
"auttaa muita vapaiden ohjelmien kehittäjiä, antaen heille edun ei-vapaita "
"ohjelmia vastaan."
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"Consider GNU Readline, a library that was developed to provide command-line "
"editing for BASH. Readline is released under the ordinary GNU GPL, not the "
@@ -1320,7 +1540,7 @@
"ei ole menetys. Ainakin yhdestä ohjelmasta on tullut vapaa siksi että se "
"voisi käyttää GNU Readlinea, ja se on todellinen saavutus yhteisölle."
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"Proprietary software developers have the advantages money provides; free "
"software developers need to make advantages for each other. I hope some day "
@@ -1336,24 +1556,11 @@
"käyttökelpoisia moduuleja, rakennuspalikkoja uusille vapaille
ohjelmistoille "
"antaen huomattavan edun tulevalle vapaiden ohjelmien kehittämiselle."
-#. type: Content of: <p>
-msgid ""
-"(1) This license is now called the GNU Lesser General Public License, to "
-"avoid giving the idea that all libraries ought to use it. See <a href=\"/"
-"philosophy/why-not-lgpl.html\">Why you shouldn't use the Lesser GPL for your "
-"next library</a> for more information."
-msgstr ""
-"(1) Tätä lisenssiä kutsutaan nykyään nimellä GNU Lesser General Public "
-"License, välttääkseen sen idean antamista, että kaikkien kirjastojen
pitäisi "
-"käyttää sitä. Katso<a href=\"/philosophy/why-not-lgpl.html\"> Miksi
sinun "
-"ei pitäisi käyttää Lesser GPL:ää sinun seuraavalle kirjastollesi</a> "
-"lisätietoa varten."
-
-#. type: Content of: <h3>
+#. type: Content of: <div><h3>
msgid "Scratching an itch?"
msgstr "Kutinan raapimista?"
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"Eric Raymond says that “Every good work of software starts by "
"scratching a developer's personal itch.” Maybe that happens sometimes, "
@@ -1367,7 +1574,7 @@
"mahdollistamiseksi. Ne tulevat visiosta ja suunnitelmasta eivätkä "
"impulssista."
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"For example, we developed the GNU C library because a Unix-like system needs "
"a C library, BASH because a Unix-like system needs a shell, and GNU tar "
@@ -1380,7 +1587,7 @@
"ohjelman. Sama pätee myös moniin omiin ohjelmiini; GNU C-kääntäjään,
GNU "
"Emacsiin, GDB:hen ja GNU Make:en."
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"Some GNU programs were developed to cope with specific threats to our "
"freedom. Thus, we developed gzip to replace the Compress program, which had "
@@ -1402,7 +1609,7 @@
"Guardia korvatakseen suositun ei-vapaan salakirjoitusohjelmiston, koska "
"käyttäjien ei pitäisi tehdä valintaa yksityisyyden ja vapauden välillä."
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"Of course, the people writing these programs became interested in the work, "
"and many features were added to them by various people for the sake of their "
@@ -1412,11 +1619,11 @@
"aikana ja monet lisäsivät niihin useita ominaisuuksia heidän omien "
"tarpeittensa ja mielenkiinnon takia. Mutta ohjelma ei ole olemassa siksi."
-#. type: Content of: <h3>
+#. type: Content of: <div><h3>
msgid "Unexpected developments"
msgstr "Odottamattomia ohjelmienkehitysprojekteja"
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"At the beginning of the GNU Project, I imagined that we would develop the "
"whole GNU system, then release it as a whole. That is not how it happened."
@@ -1424,7 +1631,7 @@
"GNU-projektin alussa kuvittelin, että me kehittäisimme koko
GNU-järjestelmän "
"ja sitten julkaisisimme sen kokonaisena. Mutta niin ei kuitenkaan tapahtunut."
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"Since each component of the GNU system was implemented on a Unix system, "
"each component could run on Unix systems long before a complete GNU system "
@@ -1438,7 +1645,7 @@
"suosittuja ja käyttäjät alkoivat laajentaa niitä ja sovittamaan niitä "
"useille epäyhteensopiville Unix-versioille ja joskus muillekin."
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"The process made these programs much more powerful, and attracted both funds "
"and contributors to the GNU Project. But it probably also delayed "
@@ -1454,11 +1661,11 @@
"ominaisuuksien lisäämiseen olemassaoleviin komponentteihin puuttuvien "
"komponenttien kirjoittamisen sijasta."
-#. type: Content of: <h3>
+#. type: Content of: <div><h3>
msgid "The GNU Hurd"
msgstr "GNU Hurd"
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"By 1990, the GNU system was almost complete; the only major missing "
"component was the kernel. We had decided to implement our kernel as a "
@@ -1478,7 +1685,7 @@
"viivästyi kun me odotimme Machin julkaisua vapaana ohjelmana kuten oli "
"luvattu."
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"One reason for choosing this design was to avoid what seemed to be the "
"hardest part of the job: debugging a kernel program without a source-level "
@@ -1496,11 +1703,11 @@
"paljastuneet erittäin vaikeiksi debugata. Hurd:in työstäminen vakaaksi on "
"venynyt useita vuosia."
-#. type: Content of: <h3>
+#. type: Content of: <div><h3>
msgid "Alix"
msgstr "Alix"
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"The GNU kernel was not originally supposed to be called the Hurd. Its "
"original name was Alix—named after the woman who was my sweetheart at "
@@ -1516,7 +1723,7 @@
"âJonkun pitäisi nimetä ydin minun mukaani.â Minä en sanonut mitään
mutta "
"päätin yllättää hänet nimeämällä ytimen Alix:ksi."
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"It did not stay that way. Michael (now Thomas) Bushnell, the main developer "
"of the kernel, preferred the name Hurd, and redefined Alix to refer to a "
@@ -1528,7 +1735,7 @@
"tiettyä osaa ytimestä, osaa joka sieppaisi järjestelmäkutsuja ja
käsittelisi "
"ne lähettämällä viestejä Hurd-palvelimille."
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"Later, Alix and I broke up, and she changed her name; independently, the "
"Hurd design was changed so that the C library would send messages directly "
@@ -1539,7 +1746,7 @@
"lähettäisi viestejä suoraan palvelimille ja tämä aiheutti
Alix-komponentin "
"katoamaan designista."
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"But before these things happened, a friend of hers came across the name Alix "
"in the Hurd source code, and mentioned it to her. So she did have the "
@@ -1548,11 +1755,11 @@
"Mutta ennen näitä tapahtumia hänen ystävänsä löysi nimen Alix
lähdekoodista "
"ja mainitsi sen hänelle. Joten nimi teki työnsä."
-#. type: Content of: <h3>
+#. type: Content of: <div><h3>
msgid "Linux and GNU/Linux"
msgstr "Linux ja GNU/Linux"
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"The GNU Hurd is not suitable for production use, and we don't know if it "
"ever will be. The capability-based design has problems that result directly "
@@ -1564,7 +1771,7 @@
"tulevat suoraan designin mukautettavuudesta, ja ei ole varmaa, onko "
"ratkaisuja olemassa."
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"Fortunately, another kernel is available. In 1991, Linus Torvalds developed "
"a Unix-compatible kernel and called it Linux. It was proprietary at first, "
@@ -1581,12 +1788,26 @@
"tietenkin.) On Linuxin ansiota, että me voimme käyttää
GNU-järjestelmän "
"versiota nykyään."
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
+# | We call this system version <a href=\"/gnu/linux-and-gnu.html\">
+# | GNU/Linux</a>, to express its composition as a combination of the GNU
+# | system with Linux as the kernel. Please don't fall into the practice of
+# | calling the whole system [-“Linux”,-] {+“Linux,”+}
+# | since that means attributing our work to someone else. Please <a
+# | href=\"/gnu/gnu-linux-faq.html\"> give us equal mention</a>.
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "We call this system version <a href=\"/gnu/linux-and-gnu.html\"> GNU/"
+#| "Linux</a>, to express its composition as a combination of the GNU system "
+#| "with Linux as the kernel. Please don't fall into the practice of calling "
+#| "the whole system “Linux”, since that means attributing our "
+#| "work to someone else. Please <a href=\"/gnu/gnu-linux-faq.html\"> give "
+#| "us equal mention</a>."
msgid ""
"We call this system version <a href=\"/gnu/linux-and-gnu.html\"> GNU/Linux</"
"a>, to express its composition as a combination of the GNU system with Linux "
"as the kernel. Please don't fall into the practice of calling the whole "
-"system “Linux”, since that means attributing our work to someone "
+"system “Linux,” since that means attributing our work to someone "
"else. Please <a href=\"/gnu/gnu-linux-faq.html\"> give us equal mention</a>."
msgstr ""
"Me kutsumme tätä järjestelmää <a
href=\"/gnu/linux-and-gnu.html\">GNU/Linux</"
@@ -1595,11 +1816,11 @@
"työmme jonkin muun työnä. <a href=\"/gnu/gnu-linux-faq.html\">Anna meille
"
"myös maininta</a>."
-#. type: Content of: <h3>
+#. type: Content of: <div><h3>
msgid "Challenges in our future"
msgstr "Tulevaisuuden haasteet"
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"We have proved our ability to develop a broad spectrum of free software. "
"This does not mean we are invincible and unstoppable. Several challenges "
@@ -1615,15 +1836,15 @@
"vuosien ajan. Ne tarvitsevat sellaista päättäväisyyttä mitä ihmiset "
"ilmaisevat kun he arvostavat vapauttaan ja eivät anna kenenkään viedä
sitä."
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid "The following four sections discuss these challenges."
msgstr "Seuraavat neljä kohtaa kertovat näistä haasteista."
-#. type: Content of: <h3>
+#. type: Content of: <div><h3>
msgid "Secret hardware"
msgstr "Salainen laitteisto"
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"Hardware manufacturers increasingly tend to keep hardware specifications "
"secret. This makes it difficult to write free drivers so that Linux and "
@@ -1637,7 +1858,7 @@
"järjestelmät tänään mutta ei huomenna jos emme voi tukea huomisen "
"tietokoneita."
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"There are two ways to cope with this problem. Programmers can do reverse "
"engineering to figure out how to support the hardware. The rest of us can "
@@ -1650,14 +1871,29 @@
"lisää laitteistotietojen salaisuudesta tulee laitteistonvalmistajia
itseään "
"vahingoittava politiikka."
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
+# | Reverse engineering is a big job; will we have programmers with sufficient
+# | determination to undertake it? Yes—if we have built up a strong
+# | feeling that free software is a matter of principle, and nonfree drivers
+# | are intolerable. And will large numbers of us spend extra money, or even
+# | a little extra time, so we can use free drivers? Yes, if the determination
+# | to have freedom is [-widespread.-] {+widespread. <a
+# | href=\"#ft8\">[8]</a>+}
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "Reverse engineering is a big job; will we have programmers with "
+#| "sufficient determination to undertake it? Yes—if we have built up a "
+#| "strong feeling that free software is a matter of principle, and nonfree "
+#| "drivers are intolerable. And will large numbers of us spend extra money, "
+#| "or even a little extra time, so we can use free drivers? Yes, if the "
+#| "determination to have freedom is widespread."
msgid ""
"Reverse engineering is a big job; will we have programmers with sufficient "
"determination to undertake it? Yes—if we have built up a strong "
"feeling that free software is a matter of principle, and nonfree drivers are "
"intolerable. And will large numbers of us spend extra money, or even a "
"little extra time, so we can use free drivers? Yes, if the determination to "
-"have freedom is widespread."
+"have freedom is widespread. <a href=\"#ft8\">[8]</a>"
msgstr ""
"Laitteiston tutkiminen on suuri työ. Tuleeko meillä olemaan ohjelmoijia "
"jotka ovat tarpeeksi päättäväisiä hoitaakseen sen? Kyllä jos olemme
saaneet "
@@ -1666,23 +1902,11 @@
"rahaa tai jopa aikaa, että me voimme käyttää vapaita ajureita? Kyllä jos
"
"päättäväisyys vapaudesta on levinnyt laajalle."
-#. type: Content of: <p>
-msgid ""
-"(2008 note: this issue extends to the BIOS as well. There is a free BIOS, "
-"<a href=\"http://www.libreboot.org/\";>LibreBoot</a> (a distribution of "
-"coreboot); the problem is getting specs for machines so that LibreBoot can "
-"support them without nonfree “blobs”.)"
-msgstr ""
-"(2008 huomautus: tämä ongelma laajenee myös BIOS:iin. On olemassa vapaa "
-"BIOS, <a href=\"http://www.libreboot.org/\";>LibreBoot</a> (corebootin "
-"jakelu); ongelma on koneiden teknisten tietojen hankkiminen, jotta libreboot "
-"voi tukea niitä ilman epävapaita \"blobbeja\".)"
-
-#. type: Content of: <h3>
+#. type: Content of: <div><h3>
msgid "Nonfree libraries"
msgstr "Ei-vapaat kirjastot"
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"A nonfree library that runs on free operating systems acts as a trap for "
"free software developers. The library's attractive features are the bait; "
@@ -1700,7 +1924,7 @@
"pahempaa on jos ohjelma joka käyttää ei-vapaata kirjastoa tulee suosituksi
"
"niin se voi houkuttaa muita ohjelmoijia ansaan."
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"The first instance of this problem was the Motif toolkit, back in the 80s. "
"Although there were as yet no free operating systems, it was clear what "
@@ -1720,7 +1944,7 @@
"vuosia; Hungry Programmers:n kehittämä LessTif tuli tarpeeksi tehokkaaksi "
"tukeakseen useimpia Motif-sovelluksia vasta vuonna 1997."
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"Between 1996 and 1998, another nonfree <abbr title=\"Graphical User Interface"
"\">GUI</abbr> toolkit library, called Qt, was used in a substantial "
@@ -1732,7 +1956,7 @@
"osassa vapaita ohjelmistoja, <abbr title=\"K Desktop Environment\">KDE</"
"abbr>-työpöytäympäristössä."
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"Free GNU/Linux systems were unable to use KDE, because we could not use the "
"library. However, some commercial distributors of GNU/Linux systems who "
@@ -1751,7 +1975,7 @@
"âLinuxkäyttäjilleâ ei koskaan kerrottu sitä että tässä olisi joku
ongelma. "
"Tilanne vaikutti katkeralta."
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"The free software community responded to the problem in two ways: GNOME and "
"Harmony."
@@ -1759,7 +1983,7 @@
"Vapaita ohjelmia kehittävä yhteisö vastasi ongelmaan kahdella eri tavalla,
"
"GNOME:lla ja Harmony:llä."
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"GNOME, the GNU Network Object Model Environment, is GNU's desktop project. "
"Started in 1997 by Miguel de Icaza, and developed with the support of Red "
@@ -1775,7 +1999,7 @@
"etuja tukien useita kieliä eikä vain C++:aa. Sen päätavoite oli vapaus:
se, "
"että ei tarvitsisi käyttää ei-vapaita ohjelmistoja."
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"Harmony is a compatible replacement library, designed to make it possible to "
"run KDE software without using Qt."
@@ -1783,13 +2007,28 @@
"Harmony on yhteensopiva korvaava kirjasto joka suunniteltiin KDE-"
"ohjelmistojen ajamisen mahdollistamiseksi ilman Qt:ta."
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
+# | In November 1998, the developers of Qt announced a change of license
+# | which, when carried out, should make Qt free software. There is no way to
+# | be sure, but I think that this was partly due to the community's firm
+# | response to the problem that Qt posed when it was nonfree. (The new
+# | license is inconvenient and inequitable, so it remains desirable to avoid
+# | using [-Qt.)-] {+Qt. <a href=\"#ft9\">[9]</a>)+}
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "In November 1998, the developers of Qt announced a change of license "
+#| "which, when carried out, should make Qt free software. There is no way "
+#| "to be sure, but I think that this was partly due to the community's firm "
+#| "response to the problem that Qt posed when it was nonfree. (The new "
+#| "license is inconvenient and inequitable, so it remains desirable to avoid "
+#| "using Qt.)"
msgid ""
"In November 1998, the developers of Qt announced a change of license which, "
"when carried out, should make Qt free software. There is no way to be sure, "
"but I think that this was partly due to the community's firm response to the "
"problem that Qt posed when it was nonfree. (The new license is inconvenient "
-"and inequitable, so it remains desirable to avoid using Qt.)"
+"and inequitable, so it remains desirable to avoid using Qt. <a href="
+"\"#ft9\">[9]</a>)"
msgstr ""
"Marraskuussa 1998 Qt:n kehittäjät ilmoittivat muutoksen lisenssissä joka "
"tulisi tekemään Qt:stä vapaan ohjelman. Ei ole varmaa, mutta minun "
@@ -1797,15 +2036,7 @@
"jonka Qt aiheutti ollessaan ei-vapaa. (Uusi lisenssi on epäoikeudenmukainen "
"ja hankala joten on yhä haluttavaa välttää Qt:n käyttöä)."
-#. type: Content of: <p>
-msgid ""
-"[Subsequent note: in September 2000, Qt was rereleased under the GNU GPL, "
-"which essentially solved this problem.]"
-msgstr ""
-"Jälkihuomautus: [Syyskuussa 2000 Qt julkaistiin uudelleen GNU GPL-"
-"lisenssillä joka keskeisesti ratkaisi tämän ongelman.]"
-
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"How will we respond to the next tempting nonfree library? Will the whole "
"community understand the need to stay out of the trap? Or will many of us "
@@ -1817,21 +2048,42 @@
"meistä vapauden mukavuuteen tuottaen suuren ongelman? Tulevaisuutemme "
"riippuu filosofiastamme."
-#. type: Content of: <h3>
+#. type: Content of: <div><h3>
msgid "Software patents"
msgstr "Ohjelmistopatentit"
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
+# | The worst threat we face comes from software patents, which can put
+# | algorithms and features off limits to free software for up to twenty
+# | years. The LZW compression algorithm patents were applied for in 1983,
+# | and we still cannot release free software to produce proper compressed
+# | <abbr title=\"Graphics Interchange [-Format\">GIF</abbr>s. [As of 2009
+# | they have expired.]-] {+Format\">GIF</abbr>s. <a
+# | href=\"#ft10\">[10]</a>+} In 1998, a free program to produce <abbr
+# | title=\"MPEG-1 Audio Layer 3\">MP3</abbr> compressed audio was removed
+# | from distribution under threat of a patent [-suit. [As of 2017, these
+# | patents have expired. Look how long we had to wait.]-] {+suit. <a
+# | href=\"#ft11\">[11]</a>+}
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "The worst threat we face comes from software patents, which can put "
+#| "algorithms and features off limits to free software for up to twenty "
+#| "years. The LZW compression algorithm patents were applied for in 1983, "
+#| "and we still cannot release free software to produce proper compressed "
+#| "<abbr title=\"Graphics Interchange Format\">GIF</abbr>s. [As of 2009 "
+#| "they have expired.] In 1998, a free program to produce <abbr title="
+#| "\"MPEG-1 Audio Layer 3\">MP3</abbr> compressed audio was removed from "
+#| "distribution under threat of a patent suit. [As of 2017, these patents "
+#| "have expired. Look how long we had to wait.]"
msgid ""
"The worst threat we face comes from software patents, which can put "
"algorithms and features off limits to free software for up to twenty years. "
"The LZW compression algorithm patents were applied for in 1983, and we still "
"cannot release free software to produce proper compressed <abbr title="
-"\"Graphics Interchange Format\">GIF</abbr>s. [As of 2009 they have "
-"expired.] In 1998, a free program to produce <abbr title=\"MPEG-1 Audio "
-"Layer 3\">MP3</abbr> compressed audio was removed from distribution under "
-"threat of a patent suit. [As of 2017, these patents have expired. Look how "
-"long we had to wait.]"
+"\"Graphics Interchange Format\">GIF</abbr>s. <a href=\"#ft10\">[10]</"
+"a> In 1998, a free program to produce <abbr title=\"MPEG-1 Audio Layer "
+"3\">MP3</abbr> compressed audio was removed from distribution under threat "
+"of a patent suit. <a href=\"#ft11\">[11]</a>"
msgstr ""
"Pahimman uhan meille muodostavat ohjelmistopatentit jotka voivat voivat "
"tehdä algoritmien ja ominaisuuksien käyttämisen vapaissa ohjelmissa "
@@ -1844,7 +2096,7 @@
"[Vuonna 2017 nämä patentit ratkesivat. Katsopas kuinka pitkään meidän
piti "
"odottaa.]"
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"There are ways to cope with patents: we can search for evidence that a "
"patent is invalid, and we can look for alternative ways to do a job. But "
@@ -1859,7 +2111,7 @@
"haluaman ominaisuuden puuttumisen. Pitkän odotuksen jälkeen patentit "
"ratkeavat, mutta mitä me teemme ennen kun näin käy?"
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"Those of us who value free software for freedom's sake will stay with free "
"software anyway. We will manage to get work done without the patented "
@@ -1879,11 +2131,11 @@
"ohjelmistojen luotettavuudesta ja voimasta meidän ei tule pysähtyä
tähän. "
"Meidän täytyy puhua vapaudesta ja periaatteesta."
-#. type: Content of: <h3>
+#. type: Content of: <div><h3>
msgid "Free documentation"
msgstr "Vapaa dokumentaatio"
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"The biggest deficiency in our free operating systems is not in the "
"software—it is the lack of good free manuals that we can include in "
@@ -1897,7 +2149,7 @@
"ohjelmistopakettiin ei sisälly hyvää vapaata manuaalia niin se on suuri "
"puute. Meillä on useita sellaisia tapauksia tänään."
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"Free documentation, like free software, is a matter of freedom, not price. "
"The criterion for a free manual is pretty much the same as for free "
@@ -1912,7 +2164,7 @@
"hyväksyä sekä verkossa ja paperilla siten, että manuaali voi tulla
jokaisen "
"ohjelmakopion mukana."
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"Permission for modification is crucial too. As a general rule, I don't "
"believe that it is essential for people to have permission to modify all "
@@ -1926,7 +2178,7 @@
"tämänkaltaisten tekstien muokkaamiseen jotka selittävät toimiamme ja "
"näkökulmiamme."
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"But there is a particular reason why the freedom to modify is crucial for "
"documentation for free software. When people exercise their right to modify "
@@ -1944,7 +2196,7 @@
"joka ei salli ohjelmoijien olla tunnollisia ja viimeistellä työtään, ei "
"täytä yhteisömme tarpeita."
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"Some kinds of limits on how modifications are done pose no problem. For "
"example, requirements to preserve the original author's copyright notice, "
@@ -1968,7 +2220,7 @@
"Toisinsanottuna ne eivät estä vapaita ohjelmistoja kehittävää yhteisöä
"
"saamasta täyttä hyötyä manuaalista."
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"However, it must be possible to modify all the <em>technical</em> content of "
"the manual, and then distribute the result in all the usual media, through "
@@ -1980,7 +2232,7 @@
"medialla tavallisten kanavien läpi: muuten rajoitukset estävät yhteisöä
ja "
"täten manuaali ei ole vapaa ja tarvitsemme toisen manuaalin."
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"Will free software developers have the awareness and determination to "
"produce a full spectrum of free manuals? Once again, our future depends on "
@@ -1990,14 +2242,24 @@
"päättäväisyys tuottaakseen laajan valikoiman vapaita manuaaleja? Taas
kerran "
"tulevaisuutemme riippuu filosofiastamme."
-#. type: Content of: <h3>
+#. type: Content of: <div><h3>
msgid "We must talk about freedom"
msgstr "Meidän täytyy puhua vapaudesta"
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
+# | Estimates today are that there are ten million users of GNU/Linux systems
+# | such as Debian GNU/Linux and Red Hat [-“Linux”.-]
+# | {+“Linux.”+} Free software has developed such practical
+# | advantages that users are flocking to it for purely practical reasons.
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "Estimates today are that there are ten million users of GNU/Linux systems "
+#| "such as Debian GNU/Linux and Red Hat “Linux”. Free software "
+#| "has developed such practical advantages that users are flocking to it for "
+#| "purely practical reasons."
msgid ""
"Estimates today are that there are ten million users of GNU/Linux systems "
-"such as Debian GNU/Linux and Red Hat “Linux”. Free software has "
+"such as Debian GNU/Linux and Red Hat “Linux.” Free software has "
"developed such practical advantages that users are flocking to it for purely "
"practical reasons."
msgstr ""
@@ -2006,7 +2268,7 @@
"on aiheuttanut käytännöllisen edun jonka takia käyttäjät parveilevat
sen "
"ympärillä pelkästään käytännöllisistä syistä."
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"The good consequences of this are evident: more interest in developing free "
"software, more customers for free software businesses, and more ability to "
@@ -2018,7 +2280,7 @@
"parantuneet mahdollisuudet rohkaista yhtiöitä tekemään kaupallisia
vapaita "
"ohjelmistoja suljettujen ei-vapaiden ohjelmistotuotteiden sijasta."
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"But interest in the software is growing faster than awareness of the "
"philosophy it is based on, and this leads to trouble. Our ability to meet "
@@ -2032,7 +2294,7 @@
"Tehdäksemme varmaksi sen, että yhteisöllämme on tämä tahto meidän
täytyy "
"levittää ideaa uusille käyttäjille kun he tulevat yhteisöön."
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"But we are failing to do so: the efforts to attract new users into our "
"community are far outstripping the efforts to teach them the civics of our "
@@ -2044,11 +2306,11 @@
"perustuu. Meidän täytyy tehdä molempia ja pitää kummatkin pyrkimykset "
"tasapainossa."
-#. type: Content of: <h3>
+#. type: Content of: <div><h3>
msgid "“Open Source”"
msgstr "âAvoin lähdekoodiâ"
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"Teaching new users about freedom became more difficult in 1998, when a part "
"of the community decided to stop using the term “free software” "
@@ -2058,7 +2320,7 @@
"osa yhteisöstä päätti lopettaa termin vapaa ohjelmisto käyttämisen ja "
"sanoivat avoimen lähdekoodin ohjelmisto (open source) sen sijaan."
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"Some who favored this term aimed to avoid the confusion of “"
"free” with “gratis”—a valid goal. Others, however, "
@@ -2079,7 +2341,7 @@
"tehokasta ohjelmistoa mutta karttaa ideoita vapaudesta, yhteisöstä ja "
"periaatteesta."
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"The “Linux” magazines are a clear example of this—they are "
"filled with advertisements for proprietary software that works with GNU/"
@@ -2091,7 +2353,7 @@
"Qt ilmestyy niin varoittavatko nämä lehdet ohjelmoijia pysymään kaukana "
"siitä vai mainostavatko he sitä."
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"The support of business can contribute to the community in many ways; all "
"else being equal, it is useful. But winning their support by speaking even "
@@ -2104,12 +2366,24 @@
"epätasapainoa ohjelmistojen suosion ja yhteisömme perusarvojen opettamisen "
"välillä."
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
+# | “Free software” and “open source” describe the
+# | same category of software, more or less, but say different things about
+# | the software, and about values. The GNU Project continues to use the term
+# | “free [-software”,-] {+software,”+} to express the idea
+# | that freedom, not just technology, is important.
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "“Free software” and “open source” describe the "
+#| "same category of software, more or less, but say different things about "
+#| "the software, and about values. The GNU Project continues to use the "
+#| "term “free software”, to express the idea that freedom, not "
+#| "just technology, is important."
msgid ""
"“Free software” and “open source” describe the same "
"category of software, more or less, but say different things about the "
"software, and about values. The GNU Project continues to use the term "
-"“free software”, to express the idea that freedom, not just "
+"“free software,” to express the idea that freedom, not just "
"technology, is important."
msgstr ""
"Termit vapaa ohjelmisto (free software) ja avoin lähdekoodi (open source) "
@@ -2118,11 +2392,11 @@
"jatkaa termin âvapaa ohjelmaâ käyttöä ilmaistakseen sitä, että
vapaus eikä "
"vain teknologia on tärkeää."
-#. type: Content of: <h3>
+#. type: Content of: <div><h3>
msgid "Try!"
msgstr "Yritä!"
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"Yoda's aphorism (“There is no ‘try’”) sounds neat, "
"but it doesn't work for me. I have done most of my work while anxious about "
@@ -2138,7 +2412,7 @@
"koska ei ollut ketään muuta kaupunkini ja vihollisen välissä. Olen
kuitenkin "
"yllättynyt siitä että olen joskus onnistunut."
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"Sometimes I failed; some of my cities have fallen. Then I found another "
"threatened city, and got ready for another battle. Over time, I've learned "
@@ -2150,7 +2424,7 @@
"kuitenkin aikojen saatossa oppinut etsiä uhkia ja laittaa itseni heidän ja "
"kaupunkini väliin kutsuen muita hakkereita mukaani."
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"Nowadays, often I'm not the only one. It is a relief and a joy when I see a "
"regiment of hackers digging in to hold the line, and I realize, this city "
@@ -2166,6 +2440,235 @@
"tulevaisuuttamme varmana. Ãlä pidä sitä varmana! Jos haluat pitää
vapautesi "
"sinun täytyy olla valmis puolustamaan sitä!"
+#. type: Content of: <div><h3>
+msgid "Footnotes"
+msgstr "Alahuomautukset"
+
+#. type: Content of: <div><ol><li>
+# | [-(1)-]The use of “hacker” to mean “security
+# | breaker” is a confusion on the part of the mass media. We hackers
+# | refuse to recognize that meaning, and continue using the word to mean
+# | someone who loves to program, someone who enjoys playful cleverness, or
+# | the combination of the two. See my article, [-<a
+# | href=\"http://stallman.org/articles/on-hacking.html\";>On Hacking</a>.-]
+# | {+“<a href=\"https://stallman.org/articles/on-hacking.html\";>On
+# | Hacking</a>.”+}
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "(1) The use of “hacker” to mean “security "
+#| "breaker” is a confusion on the part of the mass media. We hackers "
+#| "refuse to recognize that meaning, and continue using the word to mean "
+#| "someone who loves to program, someone who enjoys playful cleverness, or "
+#| "the combination of the two. See my article, <a href=\"http://stallman.";
+#| "org/articles/on-hacking.html\">On Hacking</a>."
+msgid ""
+"The use of “hacker” to mean “security breaker” is a "
+"confusion on the part of the mass media. We hackers refuse to recognize "
+"that meaning, and continue using the word to mean someone who loves to "
+"program, someone who enjoys playful cleverness, or the combination of the "
+"two. See my article, “<a href=\"https://stallman.org/articles/on-";
+"hacking.html\">On Hacking</a>.”"
+msgstr ""
+"(1) Sanan \"hakkeri\" käyttö tarkoituksella \"turvallisuuden murtaja\" on "
+"massamedian aiheuttamaa hämmästystä. Me hakkerit kiellämme tuon "
+"tarkoituksen tunnustamisen, ja jatkamme sanan käyttöä tarkoittamaan
jotakuta "
+"joka rakastaa ohjelmointia, jotakuta joka pitää leikkisästä viisaudesta,
tai "
+"niitten yhdistelmä. Katso artikkelini <a href=\"http://stallman.org/";
+"articles/on-hacking.html\">Hakkeroinnista</a>."
+
+#. type: Content of: <div><ol><li>
+# | [-(1)-]As an Atheist, I don't follow any religious leaders, but I
+# | sometimes find I admire something one of them has said.
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "(1) As an Atheist, I don't follow any religious leaders, but I sometimes "
+#| "find I admire something one of them has said."
+msgid ""
+"As an Atheist, I don't follow any religious leaders, but I sometimes find I "
+"admire something one of them has said."
+msgstr ""
+"(1) Ateistina en seuraa mitään uskonnollisia johtajia mutta joskus ihailen "
+"jotain mitä joku heistä on sanonut."
+
+#. type: Content of: <div><ol><li>
+# | [-(1)-]In 1984 or 1985, Don Hopkins (a very imaginative fellow) mailed me
+# | a letter. [-On-] {+<a href=\"/graphics/copyleft-sticker.html\">On+} the
+# | [-envelope-] {+envelope</a>+} he had written several amusing sayings,
+# | including this one: “Copyleft—all rights reversed.” I
+# | used the word “copyleft” to name the distribution concept I
+# | was developing at the time.
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "(1) In 1984 or 1985, Don Hopkins (a very imaginative fellow) mailed me a "
+#| "letter. On the envelope he had written several amusing sayings, "
+#| "including this one: “Copyleft—all rights reversed.” I "
+#| "used the word “copyleft” to name the distribution concept I "
+#| "was developing at the time."
+msgid ""
+"In 1984 or 1985, Don Hopkins (a very imaginative fellow) mailed me a "
+"letter. <a href=\"/graphics/copyleft-sticker.html\">On the envelope</a> he "
+"had written several amusing sayings, including this one: “"
+"Copyleft—all rights reversed.” I used the word “"
+"copyleft” to name the distribution concept I was developing at the "
+"time."
+msgstr ""
+"(1) Vuonna 1984 tai 1985, Don Hopkins (hyvin mielikuvituskykyinen kaveri) "
+"lähetti minulle kirjeen. Kirjeeseen oli kirjoitettu useita huvittavia "
+"sanontoja mukaanlukien tämä: âCopyleftâall rights reversedâ
(âCopyleft- "
+"kaikki oikeudet käännettyâ). Käytin sanaa âcopyleftâ nimetäkseni "
+"levitysidean jota minä kehitin silloin."
+
+#. type: Content of: <div><ol><li>
+# | [-(2)-]We now use the <a href=\"/licenses/fdl.html\">GNU Free
+# | Documentation License</a> for documentation.
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "(2) We now use the <a href=\"/licenses/fdl.html\">GNU Free Documentation "
+#| "License</a> for documentation."
+msgid ""
+"We now use the <a href=\"/licenses/fdl.html\">GNU Free Documentation "
+"License</a> for documentation."
+msgstr ""
+"(2) Me nykyään käytämme <a href=\"/licenses/fdl.html\">GNU Free "
+"Documentation Licenseä</a> dokumentaatiota varten."
+
+#. type: Content of: <div><ol><li>
+# | [-(1)-]“Bourne Again Shell” is a play on the name
+# | “Bourne [-Shell”,-] {+Shell,”+} which was the usual
+# | shell on Unix.
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "(1) “Bourne Again Shell” is a play on the name “Bourne "
+#| "Shell”, which was the usual shell on Unix."
+msgid ""
+"“Bourne Again Shell” is a play on the name “Bourne Shell,"
+"” which was the usual shell on Unix."
+msgstr ""
+"(1) \"Bourne Again Shell\" on vitsi nimestä \"Bourne Shell\", joka oli "
+"tavallinen Unix:n komentotulkki."
+
+#. type: Content of: <div><ol><li>
+# | [-(1)-]That was written in 1998. In 2009 we no longer maintain a long
+# | task list. The community develops free software so fast that we can't
+# | even keep track of it all. Instead, we have a list of High Priority
+# | Projects, a much shorter list of projects we really want to encourage
+# | people to write.
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "(1) That was written in 1998. In 2009 we no longer maintain a long task "
+#| "list. The community develops free software so fast that we can't even "
+#| "keep track of it all. Instead, we have a list of High Priority Projects, "
+#| "a much shorter list of projects we really want to encourage people to "
+#| "write."
+msgid ""
+"That was written in 1998. In 2009 we no longer maintain a long task list. "
+"The community develops free software so fast that we can't even keep track "
+"of it all. Instead, we have a list of High Priority Projects, a much "
+"shorter list of projects we really want to encourage people to write."
+msgstr ""
+"(1) Tuo oli kirjoitettu vuonna 1998. Vuonna 2009 me emme enää pidä "
+"tehtävälistaa. Yhteisö kehittää vapaata ohjelmistoa niin nopeasti,
että "
+"emme enää voi seurata heitä. Sen sijaan, meillä on lista korkean "
+"prioriteetin projekteista, paljon lyhyempi lista projekteista, joita me "
+"haluamme ihmisten kirjoittavan."
+
+#. type: Content of: <div><ol><li>
+# | [-(1)-]This license is now called the GNU Lesser General Public License,
+# | to avoid giving the idea that all libraries ought to use it. See <a
+# | href=\"/philosophy/why-not-lgpl.html\">Why you shouldn't use the Lesser
+# | GPL for your next library</a> for more information.
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "(1) This license is now called the GNU Lesser General Public License, to "
+#| "avoid giving the idea that all libraries ought to use it. See <a href=\"/"
+#| "philosophy/why-not-lgpl.html\">Why you shouldn't use the Lesser GPL for "
+#| "your next library</a> for more information."
+msgid ""
+"This license is now called the GNU Lesser General Public License, to avoid "
+"giving the idea that all libraries ought to use it. See <a href=\"/"
+"philosophy/why-not-lgpl.html\">Why you shouldn't use the Lesser GPL for your "
+"next library</a> for more information."
+msgstr ""
+"(1) Tätä lisenssiä kutsutaan nykyään nimellä GNU Lesser General Public "
+"License, välttääkseen sen idean antamista, että kaikkien kirjastojen
pitäisi "
+"käyttää sitä. Katso<a href=\"/philosophy/why-not-lgpl.html\"> Miksi
sinun "
+"ei pitäisi käyttää Lesser GPL:ää sinun seuraavalle kirjastollesi</a> "
+"lisätietoa varten."
+
+#. type: Content of: <div><ol><li>
+# | [-(-]2008 note: this issue extends to the BIOS as well. There is a free
+# | BIOS, <a [-href=\"http://www.libreboot.org/\";>LibreBoot</a>-]
+# | {+href=\"https://libreboot.org/\";>LibreBoot</a>+} (a distribution of
+# | coreboot); the problem is getting specs for machines so that LibreBoot can
+# | support them without nonfree [-“blobs”.)-]
+# | {+“blobs.”+}
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "(2008 note: this issue extends to the BIOS as well. There is a free "
+#| "BIOS, <a href=\"http://www.libreboot.org/\";>LibreBoot</a> (a distribution "
+#| "of coreboot); the problem is getting specs for machines so that LibreBoot "
+#| "can support them without nonfree “blobs”.)"
+msgid ""
+"2008 note: this issue extends to the BIOS as well. There is a free BIOS, <a "
+"href=\"https://libreboot.org/\";>LibreBoot</a> (a distribution of coreboot); "
+"the problem is getting specs for machines so that LibreBoot can support them "
+"without nonfree “blobs.”"
+msgstr ""
+"(2008 huomautus: tämä ongelma laajenee myös BIOS:iin. On olemassa vapaa "
+"BIOS, <a href=\"http://www.libreboot.org/\";>LibreBoot</a> (corebootin "
+"jakelu); ongelma on koneiden teknisten tietojen hankkiminen, jotta libreboot "
+"voi tukea niitä ilman epävapaita \"blobbeja\".)"
+
+#. type: Content of: <div><ol><li>
+# | [-[Subsequent note: in-]{+In+} September 2000, Qt was rereleased under the
+# | GNU GPL, which essentially solved this problem.[-]-]
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "[Subsequent note: in September 2000, Qt was rereleased under the GNU GPL, "
+#| "which essentially solved this problem.]"
+msgid ""
+"In September 2000, Qt was rereleased under the GNU GPL, which essentially "
+"solved this problem."
+msgstr ""
+"Jälkihuomautus: [Syyskuussa 2000 Qt julkaistiin uudelleen GNU GPL-"
+"lisenssillä joka keskeisesti ratkaisi tämän ongelman.]"
+
+#. type: Content of: <div><ol><li>
+msgid "As of 2009, the GIF patents have expired."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <div><ol><li>
+msgid ""
+"As of 2017, the MP3 patents have expired. Look how long we had to wait."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <div><div><p>
+# | Originally published in the book [-<em>Open Sources</em>.-] {+<cite>Open
+# | Sources</cite>.+} Richard Stallman was <a
+# | href=\"/philosophy/open-source-misses-the-point.html\"> never a supporter
+# | of “open source”</a>, but contributed this article so that the
+# | ideas of the free software movement would not be entirely absent from that
+# | book.
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "Originally published in the book <em>Open Sources</em>. Richard Stallman "
+#| "was <a href=\"/philosophy/open-source-misses-the-point.html\"> never a "
+#| "supporter of “open source”</a>, but contributed this article "
+#| "so that the ideas of the free software movement would not be entirely "
+#| "absent from that book."
+msgid ""
+"Originally published in the book <cite>Open Sources</cite>. Richard "
+"Stallman was <a href=\"/philosophy/open-source-misses-the-point.html\"> "
+"never a supporter of “open source”</a>, but contributed this "
+"article so that the ideas of the free software movement would not be "
+"entirely absent from that book."
+msgstr ""
+"Alun perin julkaistu kirjassa <em>Open Sources</em>. Richard Stallman <a "
+"href=\"/philosophy/open-source-misses-the-point.html\">ei koskaan ollut "
+"\"avoimen lähdekoodin\" tukija</a>, mutta hän antoi kirjaan tämän "
+"artikkelin, jotta vapaan ohjelmiston liikkeen ideat eivät puuttuisi kokonaan
"
+"siitä kirjasta."
+
#. TRANSLATORS: Use space (SPC) as msgstr if you don't have notes.
#. type: Content of: <div>
msgid "*GNUN-SLOT: TRANSLATOR'S NOTES*"
@@ -2192,28 +2695,36 @@
#. Please send your comments and general suggestions in this regard
#. to <a href="mailto:web-translators@gnu.org";>
#. <web-translators@gnu.org></a>.</p>
-#. <p>For information on coordinating and submitting translations of
+#. <p>For information on coordinating and contributing translations of
#. our web pages, see <a
#. href="/server/standards/README.translations.html">Translations
#. README</a>.
#. type: Content of: <div><div><p>
+# || No change detected. The change might only be in amounts of spaces.
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "Please see the <a href=\"/server/standards/README.translations.html"
+#| "\">Translations README</a> for information on coordinating and "
+#| "contributing translations of this article."
msgid ""
"Please see the <a href=\"/server/standards/README.translations.html"
-"\">Translations README</a> for information on coordinating and submitting "
+"\">Translations README</a> for information on coordinating and contributing "
"translations of this article."
msgstr ""
-"Me teemme kovaa työtä ja teemme parastamme luodaksemme tarkkoja, hyvän "
-"laadun käännöksiä. Mutta, mekään emme ole täydellisiä. Lähetä
kommentteja ja "
-"pyyntöjä tästä käännöksestä osoitteeseen:<a href=\"mailto:web-";
-"translators@gnu.org\"><web-translators@gnu.org></a>.</p> <p> "
-"Saadaksesi tietoa meidän verkkosivujemme käännösten lähettämisestä ja "
-"koordinoimisesta, lue <a href=\"/server/standards/README.translations.html"
-"\"> Käännösten README </a>"
+"Ole hyvä ja katso linkkiä <a href=\"/server/standards/README.translations."
+"html\">Translations README</a> jos haluat lisätietoa tämän artikkelin "
+"käännösten toimittamisesta ja koordinoinnista."
#. type: Content of: <div><p>
+# | Copyright © 1998, [-2001, 2002,-] 2005, [-2006, 2007,-] 2008, 2010,
+# | 201[-4-]{+2+}, 2015, 2017, 2018, 202[-0-]{+1+} Richard Stallman
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "Copyright © 1998, 2001, 2002, 2005, 2006, 2007, 2008, 2010, 2014, "
+#| "2015, 2017, 2018, 2020 Richard Stallman"
msgid ""
-"Copyright © 1998, 2001, 2002, 2005, 2006, 2007, 2008, 2010, 2014, 2015, "
-"2017, 2018, 2020 Richard Stallman"
+"Copyright © 1998, 2005, 2008, 2010, 2012, 2015, 2017, 2018, 2021 "
+"Richard Stallman"
msgstr ""
"Copyright © 1998, 2001, 2002, 2005, 2006, 2007, 2008, 2010, 2014, 2015, "
"2017, 2018, 2020 Richard Stallman"
@@ -2238,13 +2749,32 @@
msgid "Updated:"
msgstr "Päivitetty:"
-#. type: Content of: <div><p>
-msgid ""
-"Copyright © 1998, 2001, 2002, 2005, 2006, 2007, 2008, 2010, 2014, 2015, "
-"2017, 2018, 2020, 2021 Richard Stallman"
-msgstr ""
-"Copyright © 1998, 2001, 2002, 2005, 2006, 2007, 2008, 2010, 2014, 2015, "
-"2017, 2018, 2020, 2021 Richard Stallman"
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "by <a href=\"http://www.stallman.org/\";><strong>Richard Stallman</"
+#~ "strong></a>"
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "Kirjoittanut <a href=\"http://www.stallman.org/\";><strong>Richard "
+#~ "Stallman</strong></a>"
+
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "Please see the <a href=\"/server/standards/README.translations.html"
+#~ "\">Translations README</a> for information on coordinating and submitting "
+#~ "translations of this article."
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "Me teemme kovaa työtä ja teemme parastamme luodaksemme tarkkoja, hyvän "
+#~ "laadun käännöksiä. Mutta, mekään emme ole täydellisiä. Lähetä
kommentteja "
+#~ "ja pyyntöjä tästä käännöksestä osoitteeseen:<a href=\"mailto:web-";
+#~ "translators@gnu.org\"><web-translators@gnu.org></a>.</p> <p> "
+#~ "Saadaksesi tietoa meidän verkkosivujemme käännösten lähettämisestä
ja "
+#~ "koordinoimisesta, lue <a href=\"/server/standards/README.translations.html"
+#~ "\"> Käännösten README </a>"
+
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "Copyright © 1998, 2001, 2002, 2005, 2006, 2007, 2008, 2010, 2014, "
+#~ "2015, 2017, 2018, 2020, 2021 Richard Stallman"
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "Copyright © 1998, 2001, 2002, 2005, 2006, 2007, 2008, 2010, 2014, "
+#~ "2015, 2017, 2018, 2020, 2021 Richard Stallman"
#~ msgid "originally published in the book “Open Sources”"
#~ msgstr "alun perin julkaistu kirjassa âOpen Sourcesâ"
@@ -2256,9 +2786,6 @@
#~ "Me kutsumme tätä järjestelmää GNU/Linux:ksi ilmaistaksemme sen
koostuvan "
#~ "GNU-järjestelmästä Linux sen ytimenä."
-#~ msgid "Footnotes"
-#~ msgstr "Alahuomautukset"
-
#~ msgid ""
#~ "I probably meant to write “of the ‘bazaar’ model', "
#~ "since that was the alternative that was new and initially controversial. "
Index: thegnuproject.fr.po
===================================================================
RCS file: /web/www/www/gnu/po/thegnuproject.fr.po,v
retrieving revision 1.92
retrieving revision 1.93
diff -u -b -r1.92 -r1.93
--- thegnuproject.fr.po 24 Oct 2021 07:25:18 -0000 1.92
+++ thegnuproject.fr.po 24 Oct 2021 07:31:38 -0000 1.93
@@ -10,7 +10,7 @@
msgid ""
msgstr ""
"Project-Id-Version: thegnuproject.html\n"
-"POT-Creation-Date: 2020-07-12 02:25+0000\n"
+"POT-Creation-Date: 2021-10-24 07:25+0000\n"
"PO-Revision-Date: 2021-09-12 19:21+0200\n"
"Last-Translator: Thérèse Godefroy <godef.th AT free.fr>\n"
"Language-Team: French <trad-gnu@april.org>\n"
@@ -18,6 +18,7 @@
"MIME-Version: 1.0\n"
"Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8\n"
"Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit\n"
+"X-Outdated-Since: 2021-10-24 07:25+0000\n"
"Plural-Forms: \n"
"X-Generator: Gtranslator 2.91.5\n"
@@ -30,45 +31,22 @@
msgstr ""
"GNU, GNU Project, FSF, Free Software, Free Software Foundation, History"
-#. type: Content of: <h2>
+#. type: Content of: <div><h2>
msgid "The GNU Project"
msgstr "Le projet GNU"
-#. type: Content of: <p>
-msgid ""
-"by <a href=\"http://www.stallman.org/\";><strong>Richard Stallman</strong></a>"
-msgstr ""
-"par <a href=\"http://www.stallman.org/\";><strong>Richard Stallman</strong></"
-"a>"
-
-#. type: Content of: <blockquote><p>
-msgid ""
-"Originally published in the book <em>Open Sources</em>. Richard Stallman "
-"was <a href=\"/philosophy/open-source-misses-the-point.html\"> never a "
-"supporter of “open source”</a>, but contributed this article so "
-"that the ideas of the free software movement would not be entirely absent "
-"from that book."
-msgstr ""
-"Publié à l'origine dans le livre <em>Open Sources</em>. Richard Stallman <a
"
-"href=\"/philosophy/open-source-misses-the-point.html\">n'a jamais été "
-"partisan de l'« open source »</a>, mais a contribué à ce livre par cet "
-"article pour que les idées du logiciel libre n'en soient pas complètement "
-"absentes."
+#. type: Content of: <div><address>
+# || No change detected. The change might only be in amounts of spaces.
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid "by <a href=\"https://www.stallman.org/\";>Richard Stallman</a>"
+msgid "by <a href=\"https://www.stallman.org/\";>Richard Stallman</a>"
+msgstr "par <a href=\"http://www.stallman.org/\";>Richard Stallman</a>"
-#. type: Content of: <blockquote><p>
-msgid ""
-"Why it is even more important than ever <a href=\"/philosophy/free-software-"
-"even-more-important.html\">to insist that the software we use be free</a>."
-msgstr ""
-"Pourquoi il est plus important que jamais <a href=\"/philosophy/free-"
-"software-even-more-important.html\">d'exiger que le logiciel dont nous nous "
-"servons soit libre</a>."
-
-#. type: Content of: <h3>
+#. type: Content of: <div><h3>
msgid "The first software-sharing community"
msgstr "La première communauté qui partageait le logiciel"
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"When I started working at the <abbr title=\"Massachusetts Institute of "
"Technology\">MIT</abbr> Artificial Intelligence Lab in 1971, I became part "
@@ -86,15 +64,32 @@
"recettes est aussi ancien que la cuisine. Mais nous partagions davantage que "
"la plupart."
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
+# | The AI Lab used a timesharing operating system called <abbr
+# | title=\"Incompatible Timesharing System\">ITS</abbr> (the Incompatible
+# | Timesharing System) that the lab's staff [-hackers (1)-]
+# | {+hackers <a href=\"#ft1\">[1]</a>+} had designed and written in
+# | assembler language for the Digital <abbr title=\"Programmed Data
+# | Processor\">PDP</abbr>-10, one of the large computers of the era. As a
+# | member of this community, an AI Lab staff system hacker, my job was to
+# | improve this system.
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "The AI Lab used a timesharing operating system called <abbr title="
+#| "\"Incompatible Timesharing System\">ITS</abbr> (the Incompatible "
+#| "Timesharing System) that the lab's staff hackers (1) had designed and "
+#| "written in assembler language for the Digital <abbr title=\"Programmed "
+#| "Data Processor\">PDP</abbr>-10, one of the large computers of the era. "
+#| "As a member of this community, an AI Lab staff system hacker, my job was "
+#| "to improve this system."
msgid ""
"The AI Lab used a timesharing operating system called <abbr title="
"\"Incompatible Timesharing System\">ITS</abbr> (the Incompatible Timesharing "
-"System) that the lab's staff hackers (1) had designed and written in "
-"assembler language for the Digital <abbr title=\"Programmed Data Processor"
-"\">PDP</abbr>-10, one of the large computers of the era. As a member of "
-"this community, an AI Lab staff system hacker, my job was to improve this "
-"system."
+"System) that the lab's staff hackers <a href=\"#ft1\">[1]</a> had "
+"designed and written in assembler language for the Digital <abbr title="
+"\"Programmed Data Processor\">PDP</abbr>-10, one of the large computers of "
+"the era. As a member of this community, an AI Lab staff system hacker, my "
+"job was to improve this system."
msgstr ""
"Le labo d'IA utilisait un système d'exploitation à temps partagé appelé "
"<abbr title=\"Incompatible Timesharing System\">ITS</abbr> (système à temps
"
@@ -104,9 +99,24 @@
"l'époque. En tant que membre de cette communauté, hacker système de
l'équipe "
"du labo d'IA, mon travail consistait à améliorer ce système."
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
+# | We did not call our software “free [-software”,-]
+# | {+software,”+} because that term did not yet exist; but that is what
+# | it was. Whenever people from another university or a company wanted to
+# | port and use a program, we gladly let them. If you saw someone using an
+# | unfamiliar and interesting program, you could always ask to see the source
+# | code, so that you could read it, change it, or cannibalize parts of it to
+# | make a new program.
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "We did not call our software “free software”, because that "
+#| "term did not yet exist; but that is what it was. Whenever people from "
+#| "another university or a company wanted to port and use a program, we "
+#| "gladly let them. If you saw someone using an unfamiliar and interesting "
+#| "program, you could always ask to see the source code, so that you could "
+#| "read it, change it, or cannibalize parts of it to make a new program."
msgid ""
-"We did not call our software “free software”, because that term "
+"We did not call our software “free software,” because that term "
"did not yet exist; but that is what it was. Whenever people from another "
"university or a company wanted to port and use a program, we gladly let "
"them. If you saw someone using an unfamiliar and interesting program, you "
@@ -122,28 +132,20 @@
"afin de le lire, le modifier, ou d'en réutiliser des parties dans le cadre "
"d'un nouveau programme."
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><div><p>
msgid ""
-"(1) The use of “hacker” to mean “security breaker” "
-"is a confusion on the part of the mass media. We hackers refuse to "
-"recognize that meaning, and continue using the word to mean someone who "
-"loves to program, someone who enjoys playful cleverness, or the combination "
-"of the two. See my article, <a href=\"http://stallman.org/articles/on-";
-"hacking.html\">On Hacking</a>."
+"Why it is even more important than ever <a href=\"/philosophy/free-software-"
+"even-more-important.html\">to insist that the software we use be free</a>."
msgstr ""
-"(1) L'utilisation du mot « hacker » dans le sens de « casseur de
systèmes de "
-"sécurité », est un amalgame instillé par les mass media. Nous autres
hackers "
-"refusons de reconnaître cette signification et continuons de donner à ce
mot "
-"le sens de « celui qui aime programmer ou qui prend plaisir à exercer son "
-"ingéniosité de façon ludique ».<a id=\"TransNote1-rev\" href="
-"\"#TransNote1\"><sup>a</sup></a> Consultez mon article <cite><a href="
-"\"http://stallman.org/articles/on-hacking.html\";>On Hacking</a></cite>."
+"Pourquoi il est plus important que jamais <a href=\"/philosophy/free-"
+"software-even-more-important.html\">d'exiger que le logiciel dont nous nous "
+"servons soit libre</a>."
-#. type: Content of: <h3>
+#. type: Content of: <div><h3>
msgid "The collapse of the community"
msgstr "L'effondrement de la communauté"
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"The situation changed drastically in the early 1980s when Digital "
"discontinued the PDP-10 series. Its architecture, elegant and powerful in "
@@ -158,15 +160,32 @@
"années 80. Cela rendait obsolètes la quasi-totalité des programmes "
"constituant ITS."
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
+# | The AI Lab hacker community had already collapsed, not long before. In
+# | 1981, the spin-off company Symbolics had hired away nearly all of the
+# | hackers from the AI Lab, and the depopulated community was unable to
+# | maintain itself. (The book [-Hackers,-] {+<cite>Hackers</cite>,+} by
+# | Steve Levy, describes these events, as well as giving a clear picture of
+# | this community in its prime.) When the AI Lab bought a new PDP-10 in
+# | 1982, its administrators decided to use Digital's nonfree timesharing
+# | system instead of ITS.
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "The AI Lab hacker community had already collapsed, not long before. In "
+#| "1981, the spin-off company Symbolics had hired away nearly all of the "
+#| "hackers from the AI Lab, and the depopulated community was unable to "
+#| "maintain itself. (The book Hackers, by Steve Levy, describes these "
+#| "events, as well as giving a clear picture of this community in its "
+#| "prime.) When the AI Lab bought a new PDP-10 in 1982, its administrators "
+#| "decided to use Digital's nonfree timesharing system instead of ITS."
msgid ""
"The AI Lab hacker community had already collapsed, not long before. In "
"1981, the spin-off company Symbolics had hired away nearly all of the "
"hackers from the AI Lab, and the depopulated community was unable to "
-"maintain itself. (The book Hackers, by Steve Levy, describes these events, "
-"as well as giving a clear picture of this community in its prime.) When the "
-"AI Lab bought a new PDP-10 in 1982, its administrators decided to use "
-"Digital's nonfree timesharing system instead of ITS."
+"maintain itself. (The book <cite>Hackers</cite>, by Steve Levy, describes "
+"these events, as well as giving a clear picture of this community in its "
+"prime.) When the AI Lab bought a new PDP-10 in 1982, its administrators "
+"decided to use Digital's nonfree timesharing system instead of ITS."
msgstr ""
"La communauté des hackers du labo d'IA s'était effondrée peu de temps "
"auparavant. La plupart d'entre eux avaient été engagés par une nouvelle "
@@ -177,7 +196,7 @@
"PDP-10, ses administrateurs ont décidé de remplacer ITS par le système à "
"temps partagé de la société Digital, qui n'était pas libre."
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"The modern computers of the era, such as the VAX or the 68020, had their own "
"operating systems, but none of them were free software: you had to sign a "
@@ -188,7 +207,7 @@
"libre : il fallait signer un accord de confidentialité pour en obtenir ne "
"serait-ce qu'une copie exécutable."
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"This meant that the first step in using a computer was to promise not to "
"help your neighbor. A cooperating community was forbidden. The rule made "
@@ -204,7 +223,7 @@
"un pirate. Qui souhaite la moindre modification doit nous supplier de la lui "
"faire. »"
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"The idea that the proprietary software social system—the system that "
"says you are not allowed to share or change software—is antisocial, "
@@ -227,11 +246,27 @@
"d'arrache-pied, et depuis longtemps, Ã convaincre tout un chacun qu'il "
"n'existe qu'un seul point de vue sur la question â le leur."
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
+# | When software publishers talk about “enforcing” their
+# | “rights” or “stopping <a
+# | [-href=\"/philosophy/words-to-avoid.html#Piracy\">piracy</a>”,-]
+# | {+href=\"/philosophy/words-to-avoid.html#Piracy\">piracy</a>,”+}
+# | what they actually <em>say</em> is secondary. The real message of these
+# | statements is in the unstated assumptions they take for granted, which the
+# | public is asked to accept without examination. Let's therefore examine
+# | them.
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "When software publishers talk about “enforcing” their “"
+#| "rights” or “stopping <a href=\"/philosophy/words-to-avoid."
+#| "html#Piracy\">piracy</a>”, what they actually <em>say</em> is "
+#| "secondary. The real message of these statements is in the unstated "
+#| "assumptions they take for granted, which the public is asked to accept "
+#| "without examination. Let's therefore examine them."
msgid ""
"When software publishers talk about “enforcing” their “"
"rights” or “stopping <a href=\"/philosophy/words-to-avoid."
-"html#Piracy\">piracy</a>”, what they actually <em>say</em> is "
+"html#Piracy\">piracy</a>,” what they actually <em>say</em> is "
"secondary. The real message of these statements is in the unstated "
"assumptions they take for granted, which the public is asked to accept "
"without examination. Let's therefore examine them."
@@ -243,7 +278,7 @@
"hypothèses de travail qu'ils considèrent comme acquises ; nous sommes
censés "
"les accepter les yeux fermés. Passons-les donc en revue."
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"One assumption is that software companies have an unquestionable natural "
"right to own software and thus have power over all its users. (If this were "
@@ -262,7 +297,7 @@
"imposé par l'Ãtat, restreignant le droit naturel de copier que possèdent
les "
"utilisateurs."
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"Another unstated assumption is that the only important thing about software "
"is what jobs it allows you to do—that we computer users should not "
@@ -272,7 +307,7 @@
"logiciel; des utilisateurs comme nous ne doivent pas s'intéresser au modèle
"
"de société qu'on leur prépare."
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"A third assumption is that we would have no usable software (or would never "
"have a program to do this or that particular job) if we did not offer a "
@@ -288,7 +323,7 @@
"peut produire toutes sortes de logiciels utiles sans qu'il soit nécessaire "
"de les barder de chaînes."
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"If we decline to accept these assumptions, and judge these issues based on "
"ordinary commonsense morality while placing the users first, we arrive at "
@@ -303,13 +338,31 @@
"pour qu'ils répondent mieux à leurs besoins, et libres de partager le "
"logiciel parce que la société est fondée sur l'aide à autrui."
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
+# | There is no room here for an extensive statement of the reasoning behind
+# | this conclusion, so I refer the reader to [-the web pages <a
+# | href=\"/philosophy/why-free.html\">
+# | http://www.gnu.org/philosophy/why-free.html</a>-] {+“<a
+# | href=\"/philosophy/why-free.html\">Why Software Should Not Have
+# | Owners</a>,”+} and [-<a
+# | href=\"/philosophy/free-software-even-more-important.html\">
+# | http://www.gnu.org/philosophy/free-software-even-more-important.html</a>.-]
+# | {+“<a
+# | href=\"/philosophy/free-software-even-more-important.html\">Free Software
+# | Is Even More Important Now</a>.”+}
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "There is no room here for an extensive statement of the reasoning behind "
+#| "this conclusion, so I refer the reader to the web pages <a href=\"/"
+#| "philosophy/why-free.html\"> http://www.gnu.org/philosophy/why-free.html</"
+#| "a> and <a href=\"/philosophy/free-software-even-more-important.html\"> "
+#| "http://www.gnu.org/philosophy/free-software-even-more-important.html</a>."
msgid ""
"There is no room here for an extensive statement of the reasoning behind "
-"this conclusion, so I refer the reader to the web pages <a href=\"/"
-"philosophy/why-free.html\"> http://www.gnu.org/philosophy/why-free.html</a> "
-"and <a href=\"/philosophy/free-software-even-more-important.html\"> http://";
-"www.gnu.org/philosophy/free-software-even-more-important.html</a>."
+"this conclusion, so I refer the reader to “<a href=\"/philosophy/why-"
+"free.html\">Why Software Should Not Have Owners</a>,” and “<a "
+"href=\"/philosophy/free-software-even-more-important.html\">Free Software Is "
+"Even More Important Now</a>.”"
msgstr ""
"La place me manque ici pour développer le raisonnement menant à cette "
"conclusion, aussi renverrai-je le lecteur aux articles <a href=\"/philosophy/"
@@ -317,11 +370,11 @@
"a> et <a href=\"/philosophy/free-software-even-more-important.html\">Le "
"logiciel libre est encore plus essentiel maintenant</a>."
-#. type: Content of: <h3>
+#. type: Content of: <div><h3>
msgid "A stark moral choice"
msgstr "Un choix moral difficile"
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"With my community gone, to continue as before was impossible. Instead, I "
"faced a stark moral choice."
@@ -329,7 +382,7 @@
"Avec l'extinction de ma communauté, il m'était impossible de continuer
comme "
"par le passé. J'étais confronté à un choix moral difficile."
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"The easy choice was to join the proprietary software world, signing "
"nondisclosure agreements and promising not to help my fellow hacker. Most "
@@ -343,7 +396,7 @@
"logiciel publié avec des clauses de confidentialité, contribuant ainsi Ã
en "
"pousser d'autres vers la trahison de leurs camarades."
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"I could have made money this way, and perhaps amused myself writing code. "
"But I knew that at the end of my career, I would look back on years of "
@@ -356,7 +409,7 @@
"séparer les gens, avec l'impression d'avoir employé ma vie à rendre le
monde "
"pire."
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"I had already experienced being on the receiving end of a nondisclosure "
"agreement, when someone refused to give me and the MIT AI Lab the source "
@@ -375,7 +428,7 @@
"partager avec nous m'avait mis très en colère ; je ne pouvais pas, à mon "
"tour, adopter un tel comportement à l'égard de mon prochain."
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"Another choice, straightforward but unpleasant, was to leave the computer "
"field. That way my skills would not be misused, but they would still be "
@@ -388,7 +441,7 @@
"rendrais pas coupable de diviser les utilisateurs d'ordinateurs et de "
"restreindre leurs droits, mais cela se produirait malgré tout."
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"So I looked for a way that a programmer could do something for the good. I "
"asked myself, was there a program or programs that I could write, so as to "
@@ -398,7 +451,7 @@
"bonne cause. Je me suis demandé si je ne pouvais pas écrire un ou plusieurs
"
"programmes qui permettraient de souder à nouveau une communauté."
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"The answer was clear: what was needed first was an operating system. That "
"is the crucial software for starting to use a computer. With an operating "
@@ -417,7 +470,24 @@
"un chacun pourrait se servir d'un ordinateur sans au préalable entrer dans "
"une conspiration destinée à spolier ses ami.e.s."
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
+# | As an operating system developer, I had the right skills for this job. So
+# | even though I could not take success for granted, I realized that I was
+# | elected to do the job. I chose to make the system compatible with Unix so
+# | that it would be portable, and so that Unix users could easily switch to
+# | it. The name GNU was chosen, following a hacker tradition, as a recursive
+# | acronym for “GNU's Not Unix.” It is pronounced as <a
+# | href=\"/gnu/pronunciation.html\">one syllable with a [-hard g</a>.-]
+# | {+hard <i>g</i></a>.+}
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "As an operating system developer, I had the right skills for this job. "
+#| "So even though I could not take success for granted, I realized that I "
+#| "was elected to do the job. I chose to make the system compatible with "
+#| "Unix so that it would be portable, and so that Unix users could easily "
+#| "switch to it. The name GNU was chosen, following a hacker tradition, as "
+#| "a recursive acronym for “GNU's Not Unix.” It is pronounced as "
+#| "<a href=\"/gnu/pronunciation.html\">one syllable with a hard g</a>."
msgid ""
"As an operating system developer, I had the right skills for this job. So "
"even though I could not take success for granted, I realized that I was "
@@ -425,7 +495,7 @@
"that it would be portable, and so that Unix users could easily switch to "
"it. The name GNU was chosen, following a hacker tradition, as a recursive "
"acronym for “GNU's Not Unix.” It is pronounced as <a href=\"/gnu/"
-"pronunciation.html\">one syllable with a hard g</a>."
+"pronunciation.html\">one syllable with a hard <i>g</i></a>."
msgstr ""
"En tant que développeur de système d'exploitation, j'avais les compétences
"
"requises. Aussi, bien que le succès ne me semblât pas garanti, je me suis "
@@ -437,7 +507,7 @@
"Il se prononce <a href=\"/gnu/pronunciation.html\">«â¯gnouâ¯Â» (comme "
"l'animal), avec un g dur</a>."
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"An operating system does not mean just a kernel, barely enough to run other "
"programs. In the 1970s, every operating system worthy of the name included "
@@ -454,43 +524,41 @@
"Multics, c'était le cas de VMS et c'était le cas d'Unix. Ce serait aussi le
"
"cas du système d'exploitation GNU."
-#. type: Content of: <p>
-msgid "Later I heard these words, attributed to Hillel (1):"
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
+# | Later I heard these words, attributed to [-Hillel (1):-] {+Hillel <a
+# | href=\"#ft2\">[2]</a>:+}
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid "Later I heard these words, attributed to Hillel (1):"
+msgid ""
+"Later I heard these words, attributed to Hillel <a href=\"#ft2\">[2]</"
+"a>:"
msgstr "Plus tard, j'ai entendu ces mots, attribués à Hillel (1) :"
-#. type: Content of: <blockquote><p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><blockquote><p>
msgid "If I am not for myself, who will be for me?"
msgstr "If I am not for myself, who will be for me?"
-#. type: Content of: <blockquote><p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><blockquote><p>
msgid "If I am only for myself, what am I?"
msgstr "If I am only for myself, what am I?"
-#. type: Content of: <blockquote><p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><blockquote><p>
msgid "If not now, when?"
msgstr ""
"If not now, when? <a id=\"TransNote3-rev\" href=\"#TransNote3\"><sup>c</"
"sup></a>"
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid "The decision to start the GNU Project was based on a similar spirit."
msgstr ""
"C'est dans cet état d'esprit que j'ai pris la décision de lancer le projet "
"GNU."
-#. type: Content of: <p>
-msgid ""
-"(1) As an Atheist, I don't follow any religious leaders, but I sometimes "
-"find I admire something one of them has said."
-msgstr ""
-"(1) En tant qu'athée, je ne suis les pas d'aucun guide spirituel, mais "
-"j'admire parfois ce qu'a dit l'un d'entre eux."
-
-#. type: Content of: <h3>
+#. type: Content of: <div><h3>
msgid "Free as in freedom"
msgstr "<i>Free</i> comme libre"
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"The term “free software” is sometimes misunderstood—it has "
"nothing to do with price. It is about freedom. Here, therefore, is the "
@@ -500,18 +568,18 @@
"prix.<a id=\"TransNote4-rev\" href=\"#TransNote4\"><sup>d</sup></a> Il parle "
"de liberté. Voici donc la définition d'un logiciel libre."
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid "A program is free software, for you, a particular user, if:"
msgstr ""
"Un programme est un logiciel libre pour vous, utilisateur particulier, si :"
-#. type: Content of: <ul><li>
+#. type: Content of: <div><ul><li>
msgid "You have the freedom to run the program as you wish, for any purpose."
msgstr ""
"vous avez la liberté de l'exécuter comme vous le souhaitez, pour quelque "
"motif que ce soit ;"
-#. type: Content of: <ul><li>
+#. type: Content of: <div><ul><li>
msgid ""
"You have the freedom to modify the program to suit your needs. (To make "
"this freedom effective in practice, you must have access to the source code, "
@@ -524,14 +592,14 @@
"d'un programme dont on n'a pas le code source est un exercice extrêmement "
"difficile)Â ;"
-#. type: Content of: <ul><li>
+#. type: Content of: <div><ul><li>
msgid ""
"You have the freedom to redistribute copies, either gratis or for a fee."
msgstr ""
"vous disposez de la liberté d'en redistribuer des copies, que ce de manière
"
"gratuite ou onéreuse ;"
-#. type: Content of: <ul><li>
+#. type: Content of: <div><ul><li>
msgid ""
"You have the freedom to distribute modified versions of the program, so that "
"the community can benefit from your improvements."
@@ -539,7 +607,7 @@
"vous avez la liberté de distribuer des versions modifiées du programme,
afin "
"que la communauté puisse bénéficier de vos améliorations."
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"Since “free” refers to freedom, not to price, there is no "
"contradiction between selling copies and free software. In fact, the "
@@ -556,14 +624,34 @@
"libre. C'est pourquoi on ne peut pas qualifier de libre un logiciel qu'on "
"n'a pas la liberté d'inclure dans de telles compilations."
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
+# | Because of the ambiguity of [-“free”,-]
+# | {+“free,”+} people have long looked for alternatives, but no
+# | one has found a better term. The English language has more words and
+# | nuances than any other, but it lacks a simple, unambiguous, word that
+# | means [-“free”,-] {+“free,”+} as in
+# | freedom—“unfettered” being the word that comes closest
+# | in meaning. Such alternatives as [-“liberated”,
+# | “freedom”,-] {+“liberated,”
+# | “freedom,”+} and “open” have either the wrong
+# | meaning or some other disadvantage.
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "Because of the ambiguity of “free”, people have long looked "
+#| "for alternatives, but no one has found a better term. The English "
+#| "language has more words and nuances than any other, but it lacks a "
+#| "simple, unambiguous, word that means “free”, as in "
+#| "freedom—“unfettered” being the word that comes closest "
+#| "in meaning. Such alternatives as “liberated”, “"
+#| "freedom”, and “open” have either the wrong meaning or "
+#| "some other disadvantage."
msgid ""
-"Because of the ambiguity of “free”, people have long looked for "
+"Because of the ambiguity of “free,” people have long looked for "
"alternatives, but no one has found a better term. The English language has "
"more words and nuances than any other, but it lacks a simple, unambiguous, "
-"word that means “free”, as in freedom—“"
+"word that means “free,” as in freedom—“"
"unfettered” being the word that comes closest in meaning. Such "
-"alternatives as “liberated”, “freedom”, and “"
+"alternatives as “liberated,” “freedom,” and “"
"open” have either the wrong meaning or some other disadvantage."
msgstr ""
"Le mot <i>free</i> étant ambigu en anglais, on a longtemps cherché des "
@@ -575,11 +663,11 @@
"mots comme <i>liberated</i> (libéré), <i>freedom</i> (liberté) et
<i>open</"
"i> (ouvert) présentent tous un sens incorrect ou un autre inconvénient."
-#. type: Content of: <h3>
+#. type: Content of: <div><h3>
msgid "GNU software and the GNU system"
msgstr "Les logiciels GNU et le système GNU"
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"Developing a whole system is a very large project. To bring it into reach, "
"I decided to adapt and use existing pieces of free software wherever that "
@@ -594,7 +682,7 @@
"quelques années plus tard, j'ai décidé d'utiliser le système X Window
plutôt "
"que d'écrire un autre système de fenêtrage pour GNU."
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"Because of these decisions, and others like them, the GNU system is not the "
"same as the collection of all GNU software. The GNU system includes "
@@ -609,11 +697,11 @@
"leurs buts propres, mais qu'on peut réutiliser, car ce sont des logiciels "
"libres."
-#. type: Content of: <h3>
+#. type: Content of: <div><h3>
msgid "Commencing the project"
msgstr "La genèse du projet"
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"In January 1984 I quit my job at MIT and began writing GNU software. "
"Leaving MIT was necessary so that MIT would not be able to interfere with "
@@ -633,7 +721,7 @@
"autant de travail pour le voir devenir impropre à sa destination premièreÂ
: "
"créer une nouvelle communauté qui partage le logiciel."
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"However, Professor Winston, then the head of the MIT AI Lab, kindly invited "
"me to keep using the lab's facilities."
@@ -641,15 +729,29 @@
"Cependant, le professeur Winston, qui dirigeait alors le labo d'IA du MIT, "
"m'a gentiment invité à continuer d'utiliser les équipements du
laboratoire."
-#. type: Content of: <h3>
+#. type: Content of: <div><h3>
msgid "The first steps"
msgstr "Les premiers pas"
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
+# | Shortly before beginning the GNU Project, I heard about the Free
+# | University Compiler Kit, also known as VUCK. (The Dutch word for
+# | “free” is written with a [-<em>v</em>.)-] {+<i>v</i>.)+} This
+# | was a compiler designed to handle multiple languages, including C and
+# | Pascal, and to support multiple target machines. I wrote to its author
+# | asking if GNU could use it.
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "Shortly before beginning the GNU Project, I heard about the Free "
+#| "University Compiler Kit, also known as VUCK. (The Dutch word for “"
+#| "free” is written with a <em>v</em>.) This was a compiler designed "
+#| "to handle multiple languages, including C and Pascal, and to support "
+#| "multiple target machines. I wrote to its author asking if GNU could use "
+#| "it."
msgid ""
"Shortly before beginning the GNU Project, I heard about the Free University "
"Compiler Kit, also known as VUCK. (The Dutch word for “free” is "
-"written with a <em>v</em>.) This was a compiler designed to handle multiple "
+"written with a <i>v</i>.) This was a compiler designed to handle multiple "
"languages, including C and Pascal, and to support multiple target machines. "
"I wrote to its author asking if GNU could use it."
msgstr ""
@@ -662,7 +764,7 @@
"nombreuses machines cibles. J'ai écrit à son auteur en lui demandant la "
"permission d'utiliser ce compilateur dans le cadre du projet GNU."
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"He responded derisively, stating that the university was free but the "
"compiler was not. I therefore decided that my first program for the GNU "
@@ -673,7 +775,7 @@
"programme du projet GNU serait un compilateur gérant plusieurs langages, sur
"
"plusieurs plateformes."
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"Hoping to avoid the need to write the whole compiler myself, I obtained the "
"source code for the Pastel compiler, which was a multiplatform compiler "
@@ -694,11 +796,31 @@
"ce compilateur plusieurs mégaoctets d'espace de pile, alors que le système "
"Unix du 68000 n'en gérait que 64 ko."
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
+# | I then realized that the Pastel compiler functioned by parsing the entire
+# | input file into a syntax tree, converting the whole syntax tree into a
+# | chain of [-“instructions”,-] {+“instructions,”+}
+# | and then generating the whole output file, without ever freeing any
+# | storage. At this point, I concluded I would have to write a new compiler
+# | from scratch. That new compiler is now known as <abbr title=\"GNU
+# | Compiler Collection\">GCC</abbr>; none of the Pastel compiler is used in
+# | it, but I managed to adapt and use the C front end that I had written.
+# | But that was some years later; first, I worked on GNU Emacs.
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "I then realized that the Pastel compiler functioned by parsing the entire "
+#| "input file into a syntax tree, converting the whole syntax tree into a "
+#| "chain of “instructions”, and then generating the whole output "
+#| "file, without ever freeing any storage. At this point, I concluded I "
+#| "would have to write a new compiler from scratch. That new compiler is "
+#| "now known as <abbr title=\"GNU Compiler Collection\">GCC</abbr>; none of "
+#| "the Pastel compiler is used in it, but I managed to adapt and use the C "
+#| "front end that I had written. But that was some years later; first, I "
+#| "worked on GNU Emacs."
msgid ""
"I then realized that the Pastel compiler functioned by parsing the entire "
"input file into a syntax tree, converting the whole syntax tree into a chain "
-"of “instructions”, and then generating the whole output file, "
+"of “instructions,” and then generating the whole output file, "
"without ever freeing any storage. At this point, I concluded I would have "
"to write a new compiler from scratch. That new compiler is now known as "
"<abbr title=\"GNU Compiler Collection\">GCC</abbr>; none of the Pastel "
@@ -716,11 +838,11 @@
"tout cela ne s'est produit que quelques années plus tard ; j'ai d'abord "
"travaillé sur GNU Emacs."
-#. type: Content of: <h3>
+#. type: Content of: <div><h3>
msgid "GNU Emacs"
msgstr "GNU Emacs"
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"I began work on GNU Emacs in September 1984, and in early 1985 it was "
"beginning to be usable. This enabled me to begin using Unix systems to do "
@@ -733,7 +855,7 @@
"familiariser avec vi ou ed, j'avais jusqu'alors utilisé d'autres types de "
"machines pour les éditer."
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"At this point, people began wanting to use GNU Emacs, which raised the "
"question of how to distribute it. Of course, I put it on the anonymous ftp "
@@ -755,7 +877,7 @@
"copie du programme par FTP. La question se posait en ces termes : que
devais-"
"je leur dire ?"
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"I could have said, “Find a friend who is on the net and who will make "
"a copy for you.” Or I could have done what I did with the original "
@@ -778,11 +900,11 @@
"entreprise de distribution de logiciel libre, l'ancêtre des sociétés qui,
de "
"nos jours, proposent des distributions GNU/Linux complètes."
-#. type: Content of: <h3>
+#. type: Content of: <div><h3>
msgid "Is a program free for every user?"
msgstr "Un programme est-il libre pour chacun de ses utilisateurs ?"
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"If a program is free software when it leaves the hands of its author, this "
"does not necessarily mean it will be free software for everyone who has a "
@@ -803,7 +925,7 @@
"copyrights, mais distribués sous des licences permissives qui autorisent la "
"création de versions modifiées privatrices."
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"The paradigmatic example of this problem is the X Window System. Developed "
"at MIT, and released as free software with a permissive license, it was soon "
@@ -818,11 +940,23 @@
"le frappant du même accord de confidentialité. Ces exemplaires de X "
"n'étaient pas plus libres que le reste d'Unix."
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
+# | The developers of the X Window System did not consider this a
+# | problem—they expected and intended this to happen. Their goal was
+# | not freedom, just [-“success”,-] {+“success,”+}
+# | defined as “having many users.” They did not care whether
+# | these users had freedom, only that they should be numerous.
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "The developers of the X Window System did not consider this a "
+#| "problem—they expected and intended this to happen. Their goal was "
+#| "not freedom, just “success”, defined as “having many "
+#| "users.” They did not care whether these users had freedom, only "
+#| "that they should be numerous."
msgid ""
"The developers of the X Window System did not consider this a problem—"
"they expected and intended this to happen. Their goal was not freedom, just "
-"“success”, defined as “having many users.” They did "
+"“success,” defined as “having many users.” They did "
"not care whether these users had freedom, only that they should be numerous."
msgstr ""
"Les développeurs du système X Window ne voyaient là nul problème (ils "
@@ -831,7 +965,7 @@
"beaucoup d'utilisateurs ». Peu leur importait la liberté de ces "
"utilisateurs, seul leur nombre revêtait de l'importance à leurs yeux."
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"This led to a paradoxical situation where two different ways of counting the "
"amount of freedom gave different answers to the question, “Is this "
@@ -850,16 +984,27 @@
"utilisateurs de X exécutaient les versions privatrices fournies avec les "
"systèmes Unix et non la version libre."
-#. type: Content of: <h3>
+#. type: Content of: <div><h3>
msgid "Copyleft and the GNU GPL"
msgstr "Le copyleft et la GNU GPL"
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
+# | The goal of GNU was to give users freedom, not just to be popular. So we
+# | needed to use distribution terms that would prevent GNU software from
+# | being turned into proprietary software. The method we use is called
+# | [-“copyleft”.(1)-] {+“copyleft” <a
+# | href=\"#ft3\">[3]</a>.+}
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "The goal of GNU was to give users freedom, not just to be popular. So we "
+#| "needed to use distribution terms that would prevent GNU software from "
+#| "being turned into proprietary software. The method we use is called "
+#| "“copyleft”.(1)"
msgid ""
"The goal of GNU was to give users freedom, not just to be popular. So we "
"needed to use distribution terms that would prevent GNU software from being "
"turned into proprietary software. The method we use is called “"
-"copyleft”.(1)"
+"copyleft” <a href=\"#ft3\">[3]</a>."
msgstr ""
"Le but du projet GNU était de rendre les utilisateurs libres, pas de se "
"contenter d'être populaire. Nous avions besoin de conditions de distribution
"
@@ -867,7 +1012,7 @@
"La méthode que nous utilisons a pour nom « copyleft » (1), ou «Â
gauche "
"d'auteur »."
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"Copyleft uses copyright law, but flips it over to serve the opposite of its "
"usual purpose: instead of a means for restricting a program, it becomes a "
@@ -878,7 +1023,7 @@
"n'est pas une manière de restreindre l'utilisation d'un logiciel, mais une "
"manière de lui conserver sa liberté."
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"The central idea of copyleft is that we give everyone permission to run the "
"program, copy the program, modify the program, and distribute modified "
@@ -893,7 +1038,7 @@
"libre » sont garanties pour quiconque en possède un exemplaire ; elles "
"deviennent des droits inaliénables."
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"For an effective copyleft, modified versions must also be free. This "
"ensures that work based on ours becomes available to our community if it is "
@@ -910,7 +1055,7 @@
"ces modifications, car nous allons les utiliser dans le cadre de notre "
"version privatrice du programme. »"
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"The requirement that changes must be free is essential if we want to ensure "
"freedom for every user of the program. The companies that privatized the X "
@@ -928,7 +1073,7 @@
"procéder à des modifications était un prétexte valable pour refuser aux "
"utilisateurs leur liberté, n'importe qui pourrait facilement en tirer parti."
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"A related issue concerns combining a free program with nonfree code. Such a "
"combination would inevitably be nonfree; whichever freedoms are lacking for "
@@ -948,13 +1093,27 @@
"faire de telle sorte que la version élargie résultant de l'opération soit "
"également libre et régie par le copyleft."
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
+# | The specific implementation of copyleft that we use for most GNU software
+# | is the GNU General Public License, or GNU GPL for short. We have other
+# | kinds of copyleft that are used in specific circumstances. GNU manuals
+# | are copylefted also, but use a much simpler kind of copyleft, because the
+# | complexity of the GNU GPL is not necessary for [-manuals.(2)-]
+# | {+manuals. <a href=\"#ft4\">[4]</a>+}
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "The specific implementation of copyleft that we use for most GNU software "
+#| "is the GNU General Public License, or GNU GPL for short. We have other "
+#| "kinds of copyleft that are used in specific circumstances. GNU manuals "
+#| "are copylefted also, but use a much simpler kind of copyleft, because the "
+#| "complexity of the GNU GPL is not necessary for manuals.(2)"
msgid ""
"The specific implementation of copyleft that we use for most GNU software is "
"the GNU General Public License, or GNU GPL for short. We have other kinds "
"of copyleft that are used in specific circumstances. GNU manuals are "
"copylefted also, but use a much simpler kind of copyleft, because the "
-"complexity of the GNU GPL is not necessary for manuals.(2)"
+"complexity of the GNU GPL is not necessary for manuals. <a href="
+"\"#ft4\">[4]</a>"
msgstr ""
"La mise en Åuvre spécifique du copyleft que nous utilisons pour la plupart "
"des logiciels GNU est la licence publique générale GNU, GNU <abbr title="
@@ -964,40 +1123,35 @@
"version très simplifiée car il n'est pas nécessaire de faire appel Ã
toute "
"la complexité de la GNU GPL dans le cadre de manuels. (2)"
-#. type: Content of: <p>
-msgid ""
-"(1) In 1984 or 1985, Don Hopkins (a very imaginative fellow) mailed me a "
-"letter. On the envelope he had written several amusing sayings, including "
-"this one: “Copyleft—all rights reversed.” I used the word "
-"“copyleft” to name the distribution concept I was developing at "
-"the time."
-msgstr ""
-"(1) En 1984 ou 1985, Don Hopkins (dont l'imagination était sans bornes) m'a "
-"envoyé une lettre. Il avait écrit sur l'enveloppe plusieurs phrases "
-"amusantes et notamment celle-ci : <i>Copyleft â all rights reversed.</i><a
"
-"id=\"TransNote6-rev\" href=\"#TransNote6\"><sup>f</sup></a> J'ai utilisé le "
-"mot « copyleft » pour donner un nom au concept de distribution que je "
-"développais alors."
-
-#. type: Content of: <p>
-msgid ""
-"(2) We now use the <a href=\"/licenses/fdl.html\">GNU Free Documentation "
-"License</a> for documentation."
-msgstr ""
-"(2) Nous utilisons maintenant la <a href=\"/licenses/fdl.html\">licence GNU "
-"de documentation libre</a> (GNU <abbr title=\"Free Documentation License"
-"\">FDL</abbr>) pour la documentation."
-
-#. type: Content of: <h3>
+#. type: Content of: <div><h3>
msgid "The Free Software Foundation"
msgstr ""
"La <i>Free Software Foundation</i>, ou Fondation pour le logiciel libre"
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
+# | As interest in using Emacs was growing, other people became involved in
+# | the GNU project, and we decided that it was time to seek funding once
+# | again. So in 1985 we created the <a
+# | href=\"http{+s+}://www.fsf.org/\">Free Software Foundation</a> (FSF), a
+# | tax-exempt charity for free software development. The <abbr title=\"Free
+# | Software Foundation\">FSF</abbr> also took over the Emacs tape
+# | distribution business; later it extended this by adding other free
+# | software (both GNU and non-GNU) to the tape, and by selling free manuals
+# | as well.
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "As interest in using Emacs was growing, other people became involved in "
+#| "the GNU project, and we decided that it was time to seek funding once "
+#| "again. So in 1985 we created the <a href=\"http://www.fsf.org/\";>Free "
+#| "Software Foundation</a> (FSF), a tax-exempt charity for free software "
+#| "development. The <abbr title=\"Free Software Foundation\">FSF</abbr> "
+#| "also took over the Emacs tape distribution business; later it extended "
+#| "this by adding other free software (both GNU and non-GNU) to the tape, "
+#| "and by selling free manuals as well."
msgid ""
"As interest in using Emacs was growing, other people became involved in the "
"GNU project, and we decided that it was time to seek funding once again. So "
-"in 1985 we created the <a href=\"http://www.fsf.org/\";>Free Software "
+"in 1985 we created the <a href=\"https://www.fsf.org/\";>Free Software "
"Foundation</a> (FSF), a tax-exempt charity for free software development. "
"The <abbr title=\"Free Software Foundation\">FSF</abbr> also took over the "
"Emacs tape distribution business; later it extended this by adding other "
@@ -1014,16 +1168,37 @@
"elle a étendu cette activité en ajoutant aux bandes d'autres logiciels "
"libres (aussi bien GNU que non GNU) et en vendant des manuels libres."
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
+# | Most of the FSF's income used to come from sales of copies of free
+# | software and of other related services (CD-ROMs of source code, CD-ROMs
+# | with binaries, nicely printed manuals, all with the freedom to
+# | redistribute and modify), and Deluxe Distributions (distributions for
+# | which we built the whole collection of software for the customer's choice
+# | of platform). Today the FSF still <a href=\"http{+s+}://shop.fsf.org/\">
+# | sells manuals and other gear</a>, but it gets the bulk of its funding from
+# | members' dues. You can join the FSF at <a
+# | [-href=\"http://fsf.org/join\";>fsf.org</a>.-]
+# | {+href=\"https://my.fsf.org/join\";>fsf.org</a>.+}
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "Most of the FSF's income used to come from sales of copies of free "
+#| "software and of other related services (CD-ROMs of source code, CD-ROMs "
+#| "with binaries, nicely printed manuals, all with the freedom to "
+#| "redistribute and modify), and Deluxe Distributions (distributions for "
+#| "which we built the whole collection of software for the customer's choice "
+#| "of platform). Today the FSF still <a href=\"http://shop.fsf.org/\";> "
+#| "sells manuals and other gear</a>, but it gets the bulk of its funding "
+#| "from members' dues. You can join the FSF at <a href=\"http://fsf.org/join";
+#| "\">fsf.org</a>."
msgid ""
"Most of the FSF's income used to come from sales of copies of free software "
"and of other related services (CD-ROMs of source code, CD-ROMs with "
"binaries, nicely printed manuals, all with the freedom to redistribute and "
"modify), and Deluxe Distributions (distributions for which we built the "
"whole collection of software for the customer's choice of platform). Today "
-"the FSF still <a href=\"http://shop.fsf.org/\";> sells manuals and other "
+"the FSF still <a href=\"https://shop.fsf.org/\";> sells manuals and other "
"gear</a>, but it gets the bulk of its funding from members' dues. You can "
-"join the FSF at <a href=\"http://fsf.org/join\";>fsf.org</a>."
+"join the FSF at <a href=\"https://my.fsf.org/join\";>fsf.org</a>."
msgstr ""
"Au début, les ressources de la FSF provenaient surtout de la vente de copies
"
"de logiciels libres et de services annexes (CD-ROM de code source, CD-ROM "
@@ -1036,7 +1211,24 @@
"membres. Vous pouvez adhérer à la FSF sur <a href=\"http://fsf.org/join";
"\">fsf.org</a>."
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
+# | Free Software Foundation employees have written and maintained a number of
+# | GNU software packages. Two notable ones are the C library and the shell.
+# | The GNU C library is what every program running on a GNU/Linux system uses
+# | to communicate with Linux. It was developed by a member of the Free
+# | Software Foundation staff, Roland McGrath. The shell used on most
+# | GNU/Linux systems is <abbr title=\"Bourne Again Shell\">BASH</abbr>, the
+# | Bourne Again [-Shell(1),-] {+SHell <a href=\"#ft5\">[5]</a>,+} which
+# | was developed by FSF employee Brian Fox.
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "Free Software Foundation employees have written and maintained a number "
+#| "of GNU software packages. Two notable ones are the C library and the "
+#| "shell. The GNU C library is what every program running on a GNU/Linux "
+#| "system uses to communicate with Linux. It was developed by a member of "
+#| "the Free Software Foundation staff, Roland McGrath. The shell used on "
+#| "most GNU/Linux systems is <abbr title=\"Bourne Again Shell\">BASH</abbr>, "
+#| "the Bourne Again Shell(1), which was developed by FSF employee Brian Fox."
msgid ""
"Free Software Foundation employees have written and maintained a number of "
"GNU software packages. Two notable ones are the C library and the shell. "
@@ -1044,7 +1236,8 @@
"to communicate with Linux. It was developed by a member of the Free "
"Software Foundation staff, Roland McGrath. The shell used on most GNU/Linux "
"systems is <abbr title=\"Bourne Again Shell\">BASH</abbr>, the Bourne Again "
-"Shell(1), which was developed by FSF employee Brian Fox."
+"SHell <a href=\"#ft5\">[5]</a>, which was developed by FSF employee "
+"Brian Fox."
msgstr ""
"Les salariés de la Fondation pour le logiciel libre ont écrit et maintenu
un "
"grand nombre de paquets logiciels du projet GNU, en particulier la "
@@ -1055,7 +1248,7 @@
"Linux est <abbr title=\"Bourne Again SHell\">BASH</abbr>, le <i>Bourne-Again "
"Shell</i> (1), qui a été développé par Brian Fox, salarié de la FSF."
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"We funded development of these programs because the GNU Project was not just "
"about tools or a development environment. Our goal was a complete operating "
@@ -1066,20 +1259,11 @@
"était la mise en place d'un système d'exploitation complet et de tels "
"programmes étaient nécessaires pour l'atteindre."
-#. type: Content of: <p>
-msgid ""
-"(1) “Bourne Again Shell” is a play on the name “Bourne "
-"Shell”, which was the usual shell on Unix."
-msgstr ""
-"(1) <i>Bourne-Again Shell</i><a id=\"TransNote7-rev\" href="
-"\"#TransNote7\"><sup>g</sup></a> est un clin d'Åil au nom <i>Bourne Shell</"
-"i>, qui était le shell habituel sur Unix."
-
-#. type: Content of: <h3>
+#. type: Content of: <div><h3>
msgid "Free software support"
msgstr "Assistance technique au logiciel libre"
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"The free software philosophy rejects a specific widespread business "
"practice, but it is not against business. When businesses respect the "
@@ -1090,7 +1274,7 @@
"des affaires. Quand des entreprises respectent la liberté des utilisateurs, "
"nous leur souhaitons de réussir."
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"Selling copies of Emacs demonstrates one kind of free software business. "
"When the FSF took over that business, I needed another way to make a "
@@ -1107,7 +1291,7 @@
"Emacs et la personnalisation de GCC, et à développer du logiciel "
"(essentiellement pour porter GCC sur de nouvelles plateformes)."
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"Today each of these kinds of free software business is practiced by a number "
"of corporations. Some distribute free software collections on CD-ROM; "
@@ -1123,14 +1307,33 @@
"On commence même à voir des entreprises dont l'objet est la mise sur le "
"marché de nouveaux logiciels libres."
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
+# | Watch out, though—a number of companies that associate themselves
+# | with the term “open source” actually base their business on
+# | nonfree software that works with free software. These are not free
+# | software companies, they are proprietary software companies whose products
+# | tempt users away from freedom. They call these programs
+# | “value-added [-packages”,-] {+packages,”+} which shows
+# | the values they would like us to adopt: convenience above freedom. If we
+# | value freedom more, we should call them “freedom-subtracted”
+# | packages.
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "Watch out, though—a number of companies that associate themselves "
+#| "with the term “open source” actually base their business on "
+#| "nonfree software that works with free software. These are not free "
+#| "software companies, they are proprietary software companies whose "
+#| "products tempt users away from freedom. They call these programs “"
+#| "value-added packages”, which shows the values they would like us to "
+#| "adopt: convenience above freedom. If we value freedom more, we should "
+#| "call them “freedom-subtracted” packages."
msgid ""
"Watch out, though—a number of companies that associate themselves with "
"the term “open source” actually base their business on nonfree "
"software that works with free software. These are not free software "
"companies, they are proprietary software companies whose products tempt "
"users away from freedom. They call these programs “value-added "
-"packages”, which shows the values they would like us to adopt: "
+"packages,” which shows the values they would like us to adopt: "
"convenience above freedom. If we value freedom more, we should call them "
"“freedom-subtracted” packages."
msgstr ""
@@ -1145,11 +1348,11 @@
"nous faisons passer la liberté au premier plan, il nous faut leur donner le "
"nom de « produits à liberté soustraite »."
-#. type: Content of: <h3>
+#. type: Content of: <div><h3>
msgid "Technical goals"
msgstr "Objectifs techniques"
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"The principal goal of GNU is to be free software. Even if GNU had no "
"technical advantage over Unix, it would have a social advantage, allowing "
@@ -1160,7 +1363,7 @@
"car il autorise les utilisateurs à coopérer, et d'un avantage éthique, car
"
"il respecte la liberté de l'utilisateur."
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"But it was natural to apply the known standards of good practice to the "
"work—for example, dynamically allocating data structures to avoid "
@@ -1173,7 +1376,7 @@
"fixées arbitrairement, et en gérant tous les caractères possibles codables
"
"sur 8 bits, partout où cela avait un sens."
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"In addition, we rejected the Unix focus on small memory size, by deciding "
"not to support 16-bit machines (it was clear that 32-bit machines would be "
@@ -1194,7 +1397,7 @@
"et à analyser ensuite son contenu sans plus se préoccuper des entrées/"
"sorties."
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"These decisions enabled many GNU programs to surpass their Unix counterparts "
"in reliability and speed."
@@ -1202,11 +1405,11 @@
"Ces décisions ont rendu de nombreux programmes du projet GNU supérieurs à "
"leurs homologues sous Unix en termes de fiabilité et de vitesse
d'exécution."
-#. type: Content of: <h3>
+#. type: Content of: <div><h3>
msgid "Donated computers"
msgstr "Des ordinateurs offerts"
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"As the GNU Project's reputation grew, people began offering to donate "
"machines running Unix to the project. These were very useful, because the "
@@ -1221,7 +1424,7 @@
"Mais cela a posé un problème éthique : était-il correct, pour nous, de "
"posséder ne serait-ce qu'un exemplaire d'Unix ?"
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"Unix was (and is) proprietary software, and the GNU Project's philosophy "
"said that we should not use proprietary software. But, applying the same "
@@ -1238,7 +1441,7 @@
"pour développer une solution de remplacement libre qui en aiderait d'autres "
"à se passer de ce même logiciel privateur."
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"But, even if this was a justifiable evil, it was still an evil. Today we no "
"longer have any copies of Unix, because we have replaced them with free "
@@ -1251,11 +1454,11 @@
"parvenions pas à substituer au système d'exploitation d'une machine un "
"système libre, nous remplacions la machine."
-#. type: Content of: <h3>
+#. type: Content of: <div><h3>
msgid "The GNU Task List"
msgstr "La <i>GNU Task List</i>, ou liste des tâches du projet GNU"
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"As the GNU Project proceeded, and increasing numbers of system components "
"were found or developed, eventually it became useful to make a list of the "
@@ -1273,13 +1476,27 @@
"inscrit plusieurs autres projets utiles, de logiciel et de documentation, "
"que nous jugions indispensables à un système réellement complet."
-#. type: Content of: <p>
-msgid ""
-"Today (1), hardly any Unix components are left in the GNU Task List—"
-"those jobs had been done, aside from a few inessential ones. But the list "
-"is full of projects that some might call “applications”. Any "
-"program that appeals to more than a narrow class of users would be a useful "
-"thing to add to an operating system."
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
+# | [-Today (1),-]{+Today <a href=\"#ft6\">[6]</a>,+} hardly any Unix
+# | components are left in the GNU Task List—those jobs had been done,
+# | aside from a few inessential ones. But the list is full of projects that
+# | some might call [-“applications”.-]
+# | {+“applications.”+} Any program that appeals to more than a
+# | narrow class of users would be a useful thing to add to an operating
+# | system.
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "Today (1), hardly any Unix components are left in the GNU Task List—"
+#| "those jobs had been done, aside from a few inessential ones. But the "
+#| "list is full of projects that some might call “"
+#| "applications”. Any program that appeals to more than a narrow "
+#| "class of users would be a useful thing to add to an operating system."
+msgid ""
+"Today <a href=\"#ft6\">[6]</a>, hardly any Unix components are left in "
+"the GNU Task List—those jobs had been done, aside from a few "
+"inessential ones. But the list is full of projects that some might call "
+"“applications.” Any program that appeals to more than a narrow "
+"class of users would be a useful thing to add to an operating system."
msgstr ""
"De nos jours (1), on ne trouve presque plus aucun composant d'Unix dans la "
"liste des tâches du projet GNU â ces travaux ont tous été menés Ã
bien, si "
@@ -1288,7 +1505,7 @@
"envie à une classe pas trop restreinte d'utilisateurs constituerait un ajout
"
"utile à un système d'exploitation."
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"Even games are included in the task list—and have been since the "
"beginning. Unix included games, so naturally GNU should too. But "
@@ -1303,37 +1520,34 @@
"nous avons mis sur la liste un assortiment de jeux qui devraient plaire aux "
"utilisateurs."
-#. type: Content of: <p>
-msgid ""
-"(1) That was written in 1998. In 2009 we no longer maintain a long task "
-"list. The community develops free software so fast that we can't even keep "
-"track of it all. Instead, we have a list of High Priority Projects, a much "
-"shorter list of projects we really want to encourage people to write."
-msgstr ""
-"(1) Cela a été écrit en 1998. Depuis 2009, nous ne tenons plus à jour
cette "
-"longue liste de tâches. La communauté développe des logiciels libres "
-"tellement vite que nous ne pouvons même pas les suivre tous. En revanche, "
-"nous avons une liste des projets à haute priorité â liste bien plus
courte "
-"de projets dont nous souhaitons vivement qu'ils soient menés à bien."
-
-#. type: Content of: <h3>
+#. type: Content of: <div><h3>
msgid "The GNU Library GPL"
msgstr ""
"La <i>GNU Library GPL</i>, ou licence publique générale GNU pour les "
"bibliothèques"
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
+# | The GNU C library uses a special kind of copyleft called the GNU Library
+# | General Public [-License(1),-] {+License <a href=\"#ft7\">[7]</a>,+}
+# | which gives permission to link proprietary software with the library. Why
+# | make this exception?
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "The GNU C library uses a special kind of copyleft called the GNU Library "
+#| "General Public License(1), which gives permission to link proprietary "
+#| "software with the library. Why make this exception?"
msgid ""
"The GNU C library uses a special kind of copyleft called the GNU Library "
-"General Public License(1), which gives permission to link proprietary "
-"software with the library. Why make this exception?"
+"General Public License <a href=\"#ft7\">[7]</a>, which gives "
+"permission to link proprietary software with the library. Why make this "
+"exception?"
msgstr ""
"La bibliothèque C de GNU fait appel à un copyleft particulier, appelé "
"« licence publique générale GNU pour les bibliothèques », ou GNU <abbr
title="
"\"Library General Public License\">LGPL</abbr>Â (1), qui autorise la liaison "
"de logiciel privateur avec la bibliothèque. Pourquoi une telle exception ?"
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"It is not a matter of principle; there is no principle that says proprietary "
"software products are entitled to include our code. (Why contribute to a "
@@ -1346,7 +1560,7 @@
"L'utilisation de la LGPL dans le cadre de la bibliothèque C, ou de toute "
"autre bibliothèque, est un choix stratégique."
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"The C library does a generic job; every proprietary system or compiler comes "
"with a C library. Therefore, to make our C library available only to free "
@@ -1359,7 +1573,7 @@
"logiciel libre ; cela n'aurait eu pour effet que de décourager
l'utilisation "
"de notre bibliothèque."
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"One system is an exception to this: on the GNU system (and this includes GNU/"
"Linux), the GNU C library is the only C library. So the distribution terms "
@@ -1380,7 +1594,7 @@
"d'applications libres. C'est pourquoi l'utilisation de la LGPL est une bonne "
"stratégie pour la bibliothèque C."
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"For other libraries, the strategic decision needs to be considered on a case-"
"by-case basis. When a library does a special job that can help write "
@@ -1395,7 +1609,7 @@
"programmes libres, est une manière d'aider les développeurs de logiciels "
"libres et de leur accorder un avantage sur le logiciel privateur."
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"Consider GNU Readline, a library that was developed to provide command-line "
"editing for BASH. Readline is released under the ordinary GNU GPL, not the "
@@ -1412,7 +1626,7 @@
"uniquement dans le but de pouvoir utiliser la bibliothèque Readline, et "
"c'est là un gain réel pour la communauté."
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"Proprietary software developers have the advantages money provides; free "
"software developers need to make advantages for each other. I hope some day "
@@ -1430,25 +1644,11 @@
"ce qui favorisera considérablement la poursuite du développement de
logiciel "
"libre."
-#. type: Content of: <p>
-msgid ""
-"(1) This license is now called the GNU Lesser General Public License, to "
-"avoid giving the idea that all libraries ought to use it. See <a href=\"/"
-"philosophy/why-not-lgpl.html\">Why you shouldn't use the Lesser GPL for your "
-"next library</a> for more information."
-msgstr ""
-"(1) Cette licence s'appelle maintenant la <i>GNU Lesser General Public "
-"License</i> (licence publique générale GNU amoindrie), pour éviter de "
-"laisser penser que toutes les bibliothèques doivent l'utiliser. Consultez "
-"l'article <a href=\"/philosophy/why-not-lgpl.html\">Pourquoi vous ne devriez "
-"pas utiliser la LGPL pour votre prochaine bibliothèque</a> pour plus "
-"d'informations."
-
-#. type: Content of: <h3>
+#. type: Content of: <div><h3>
msgid "Scratching an itch?"
msgstr "Gratter là où ça démange ?"
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"Eric Raymond says that “Every good work of software starts by "
"scratching a developer's personal itch.” Maybe that happens sometimes, "
@@ -1462,7 +1662,7 @@
"disposer d'un système d'exploitation libre complet. Ils ont été inspirés
par "
"une vision et un projet à long terme, pas par un coup de tête."
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"For example, we developed the GNU C library because a Unix-like system needs "
"a C library, BASH because a Unix-like system needs a shell, and GNU tar "
@@ -1475,7 +1675,7 @@
"programme d'archivage. Il en va de même pour les programmes que j'ai "
"développés, à savoir le compilateur C de GNU, GNU Emacs, GDB et GNU Make."
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"Some GNU programs were developed to cope with specific threats to our "
"freedom. Thus, we developed gzip to replace the Compress program, which had "
@@ -1500,7 +1700,7 @@
"choisir entre la préservation de leur vie privée et la préservation de
leur "
"liberté."
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"Of course, the people writing these programs became interested in the work, "
"and many features were added to them by various people for the sake of their "
@@ -1511,11 +1711,11 @@
"pour satisfaire leurs besoins ou leurs intérêts. Mais ce n'est pas là la "
"raison première de ces programmes."
-#. type: Content of: <h3>
+#. type: Content of: <div><h3>
msgid "Unexpected developments"
msgstr "Des développements inattendus"
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"At the beginning of the GNU Project, I imagined that we would develop the "
"whole GNU system, then release it as a whole. That is not how it happened."
@@ -1524,7 +1724,7 @@
"système GNU dans sa globalité avant de le publier. Les choses se sont "
"passées différemment."
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"Since each component of the GNU system was implemented on a Unix system, "
"each component could run on Unix systems long before a complete GNU system "
@@ -1539,7 +1739,7 @@
"travailler sur des extensions et des portages â sur les diverses versions "
"incompatibles d'Unix et parfois aussi sur d'autres systèmes."
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"The process made these programs much more powerful, and attracted both funds "
"and contributors to the GNU Project. But it probably also delayed "
@@ -1556,11 +1756,11 @@
"fonctionnalités aux composants existants, plutôt que de continuer à "
"développer peu à peu les composants manquants."
-#. type: Content of: <h3>
+#. type: Content of: <div><h3>
msgid "The GNU Hurd"
msgstr "Le GNU Hurd"
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"By 1990, the GNU system was almost complete; the only major missing "
"component was the kernel. We had decided to implement our kernel as a "
@@ -1581,7 +1781,7 @@
"développement a été retardé, car nous attendions que Mach soit publié
sous "
"forme de logiciel libre comme on nous l'avait promis."
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"One reason for choosing this design was to avoid what seemed to be the "
"hardest part of the job: debugging a kernel program without a source-level "
@@ -1601,11 +1801,11 @@
"difficiles à déboguer. Il a fallu de nombreuses années pour faire "
"fonctionner le Hurd de manière robuste."
-#. type: Content of: <h3>
+#. type: Content of: <div><h3>
msgid "Alix"
msgstr "Alix"
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"The GNU kernel was not originally supposed to be called the Hurd. Its "
"original name was Alix—named after the woman who was my sweetheart at "
@@ -1622,7 +1822,7 @@
"noyau de mon nom. » Je n'ai rien dit, mais ai décidé de lui faire la "
"surprise avec un noyau appelé Alix."
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"It did not stay that way. Michael (now Thomas) Bushnell, the main developer "
"of the kernel, preferred the name Hurd, and redefined Alix to refer to a "
@@ -1635,7 +1835,7 @@
"chargeait d'intercepter les appels système et de les gérer en envoyant des "
"messages aux serveurs du Hurd."
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"Later, Alix and I broke up, and she changed her name; independently, the "
"Hurd design was changed so that the C library would send messages directly "
@@ -1646,7 +1846,7 @@
"ce serait la bibliothèque C qui enverrait directement des messages aux "
"serveurs, ce qui a fait disparaître le composant Alix du projet."
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"But before these things happened, a friend of hers came across the name Alix "
"in the Hurd source code, and mentioned it to her. So she did have the "
@@ -1656,11 +1856,11 @@
"nom d'Alix dans le code source du Hurd et s'en était ouvert auprès d'elle. "
"Elle a donc finalement eu l'occasion de découvrir un noyau à son nom."
-#. type: Content of: <h3>
+#. type: Content of: <div><h3>
msgid "Linux and GNU/Linux"
msgstr "Linux et GNU/Linux"
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"The GNU Hurd is not suitable for production use, and we don't know if it "
"ever will be. The capability-based design has problems that result directly "
@@ -1673,7 +1873,7 @@
"flexibilité de cette architecture et il n'est pas sûr que des solutions "
"existent."
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"Fortunately, another kernel is available. In 1991, Linus Torvalds developed "
"a Unix-compatible kernel and called it Linux. It was proprietary at first, "
@@ -1690,12 +1890,26 @@
"même, bien sûr, considérable). C'est grâce à Linux qu'on peut désormais
"
"employer une version du système GNU."
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
+# | We call this system version <a href=\"/gnu/linux-and-gnu.html\">
+# | GNU/Linux</a>, to express its composition as a combination of the GNU
+# | system with Linux as the kernel. Please don't fall into the practice of
+# | calling the whole system [-“Linux”,-] {+“Linux,”+}
+# | since that means attributing our work to someone else. Please <a
+# | href=\"/gnu/gnu-linux-faq.html\"> give us equal mention</a>.
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "We call this system version <a href=\"/gnu/linux-and-gnu.html\"> GNU/"
+#| "Linux</a>, to express its composition as a combination of the GNU system "
+#| "with Linux as the kernel. Please don't fall into the practice of calling "
+#| "the whole system “Linux”, since that means attributing our "
+#| "work to someone else. Please <a href=\"/gnu/gnu-linux-faq.html\"> give "
+#| "us equal mention</a>."
msgid ""
"We call this system version <a href=\"/gnu/linux-and-gnu.html\"> GNU/Linux</"
"a>, to express its composition as a combination of the GNU system with Linux "
"as the kernel. Please don't fall into the practice of calling the whole "
-"system “Linux”, since that means attributing our work to someone "
+"system “Linux,” since that means attributing our work to someone "
"else. Please <a href=\"/gnu/gnu-linux-faq.html\"> give us equal mention</a>."
msgstr ""
"Nous appelons cette version du système <a href=\"/gnu/linux-and-gnu.html"
@@ -1705,11 +1919,11 @@
"notre travail à quelqu'un d'autre. Merci de <a
href=\"/gnu/gnu-linux-faq.html"
"\">nous mentionner de manière équivalente</a>."
-#. type: Content of: <h3>
+#. type: Content of: <div><h3>
msgid "Challenges in our future"
msgstr "Les défis à venir"
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"We have proved our ability to develop a broad spectrum of free software. "
"This does not mean we are invincible and unstoppable. Several challenges "
@@ -1726,15 +1940,15 @@
"détermination dont les gens font preuve quand ils accordent de la valeur à "
"leur liberté et qu'ils ne laisseront personne la leur voler."
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid "The following four sections discuss these challenges."
msgstr "Les quatre sections suivantes discutent de ces défis."
-#. type: Content of: <h3>
+#. type: Content of: <div><h3>
msgid "Secret hardware"
msgstr "Le matériel secret"
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"Hardware manufacturers increasingly tend to keep hardware specifications "
"secret. This makes it difficult to write free drivers so that Linux and "
@@ -1748,7 +1962,7 @@
"entièrement libres, mais cela ne sera plus le cas à l'avenir si nous ne "
"pouvons pas gérer les ordinateurs de demain."
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"There are two ways to cope with this problem. Programmers can do reverse "
"engineering to figure out how to support the hardware. The rest of us can "
@@ -1761,14 +1975,29 @@
"plus nous serons nombreux, plus la politique du secret sur les "
"spécifications sera vouée à l'échec."
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
+# | Reverse engineering is a big job; will we have programmers with sufficient
+# | determination to undertake it? Yes—if we have built up a strong
+# | feeling that free software is a matter of principle, and nonfree drivers
+# | are intolerable. And will large numbers of us spend extra money, or even
+# | a little extra time, so we can use free drivers? Yes, if the determination
+# | to have freedom is [-widespread.-] {+widespread. <a
+# | href=\"#ft8\">[8]</a>+}
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "Reverse engineering is a big job; will we have programmers with "
+#| "sufficient determination to undertake it? Yes—if we have built up a "
+#| "strong feeling that free software is a matter of principle, and nonfree "
+#| "drivers are intolerable. And will large numbers of us spend extra money, "
+#| "or even a little extra time, so we can use free drivers? Yes, if the "
+#| "determination to have freedom is widespread."
msgid ""
"Reverse engineering is a big job; will we have programmers with sufficient "
"determination to undertake it? Yes—if we have built up a strong "
"feeling that free software is a matter of principle, and nonfree drivers are "
"intolerable. And will large numbers of us spend extra money, or even a "
"little extra time, so we can use free drivers? Yes, if the determination to "
-"have freedom is widespread."
+"have freedom is widespread. <a href=\"#ft8\">[8]</a>"
msgstr ""
"La rétroingénierie est un travail considérable ; disposerons-nous de "
"programmeurs suffisamment déterminés pour le prendre en main ? Oui â si
nous "
@@ -1778,24 +2007,11 @@
"afin d'utiliser des pilotes libres ? Oui, si la détermination Ã
revendiquer "
"la liberté se généralise."
-#. type: Content of: <p>
-msgid ""
-"(2008 note: this issue extends to the BIOS as well. There is a free BIOS, "
-"<a href=\"http://www.libreboot.org/\";>LibreBoot</a> (a distribution of "
-"coreboot); the problem is getting specs for machines so that LibreBoot can "
-"support them without nonfree “blobs”.)"
-msgstr ""
-"(Note de 2008 : ce problème s'applique également au BIOS. Il existe un
BIOS "
-"libre, <a href=\"http://www.libreboot.org/\";>LibreBoot</a> (une distribution "
-"de coreboot) ; le problème est d'obtenir les spécifications des machines "
-"pour que LibreBoot puisse les gérer sans recourir à des « blobs » non "
-"libres.)"
-
-#. type: Content of: <h3>
+#. type: Content of: <div><h3>
msgid "Nonfree libraries"
msgstr "Les bibliothèques non libres"
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"A nonfree library that runs on free operating systems acts as a trap for "
"free software developers. The library's attractive features are the bait; "
@@ -1815,7 +2031,7 @@
"programme qui utilise une bibliothèque privatrice devient populaire, il peut
"
"attirer dans le piège d'autres programmeurs peu soupçonneux."
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"The first instance of this problem was the Motif toolkit, back in the 80s. "
"Although there were as yet no free operating systems, it was clear what "
@@ -1837,7 +2053,7 @@
"Hungry Programmers</i> (les Programmeurs affamés), devienne capable de faire
"
"fonctionner la plupart des applications utilisant Motif."
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"Between 1996 and 1998, another nonfree <abbr title=\"Graphical User Interface"
"\">GUI</abbr> toolkit library, called Qt, was used in a substantial "
@@ -1849,7 +2065,7 @@
"logiciels libres, l'environnement de bureau <abbr title=\"K Desktop "
"Environment\">KDE</abbr>."
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"Free GNU/Linux systems were unable to use KDE, because we could not use the "
"library. However, some commercial distributors of GNU/Linux systems who "
@@ -1869,7 +2085,7 @@
"avertis du fait que tout ceci posait problème. La situation semblait "
"désespérée."
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"The free software community responded to the problem in two ways: GNOME and "
"Harmony."
@@ -1877,7 +2093,7 @@
"La communauté du logiciel libre a répondu à ce problème de deux
manières : "
"GNOME et Harmony."
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"GNOME, the GNU Network Object Model Environment, is GNU's desktop project. "
"Started in 1997 by Miguel de Icaza, and developed with the support of Red "
@@ -1894,7 +2110,7 @@
"une variété de langages, pas seulement le C++. Mais son objectif principal
"
"est la liberté : ne pas imposer l'utilisation du moindre logiciel non
libre."
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"Harmony is a compatible replacement library, designed to make it possible to "
"run KDE software without using Qt."
@@ -1902,13 +2118,28 @@
"Harmony est une bibliothèque compatible de remplacement, conçue pour "
"permettre l'utilisation des logiciels de KDE sans faire appel à  Qt."
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
+# | In November 1998, the developers of Qt announced a change of license
+# | which, when carried out, should make Qt free software. There is no way to
+# | be sure, but I think that this was partly due to the community's firm
+# | response to the problem that Qt posed when it was nonfree. (The new
+# | license is inconvenient and inequitable, so it remains desirable to avoid
+# | using [-Qt.)-] {+Qt. <a href=\"#ft9\">[9]</a>)+}
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "In November 1998, the developers of Qt announced a change of license "
+#| "which, when carried out, should make Qt free software. There is no way "
+#| "to be sure, but I think that this was partly due to the community's firm "
+#| "response to the problem that Qt posed when it was nonfree. (The new "
+#| "license is inconvenient and inequitable, so it remains desirable to avoid "
+#| "using Qt.)"
msgid ""
"In November 1998, the developers of Qt announced a change of license which, "
"when carried out, should make Qt free software. There is no way to be sure, "
"but I think that this was partly due to the community's firm response to the "
"problem that Qt posed when it was nonfree. (The new license is inconvenient "
-"and inequitable, so it remains desirable to avoid using Qt.)"
+"and inequitable, so it remains desirable to avoid using Qt. <a href="
+"\"#ft9\">[9]</a>)"
msgstr ""
"En novembre 1998, les développeurs de Qt ont annoncé une modification de "
"leur licence qui, une fois effective, devrait faire de Qt un logiciel libre. "
@@ -1917,15 +2148,7 @@
"lorsqu'il n'était pas libre (la nouvelle licence n'est pas pratique ni "
"équitable, aussi demeure-t-il préférable d'éviter l'utilisation de Qt)."
-#. type: Content of: <p>
-msgid ""
-"[Subsequent note: in September 2000, Qt was rereleased under the GNU GPL, "
-"which essentially solved this problem.]"
-msgstr ""
-"[Note ultérieure : en septembre 2000, Qt a été republiée sous la GNU
GPL, ce "
-"qui pour l'essentiel a résolu le problème.]"
-
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"How will we respond to the next tempting nonfree library? Will the whole "
"community understand the need to stay out of the trap? Or will many of us "
@@ -1938,21 +2161,42 @@
"liberté, ce qui donnera lieu à un autre problème majeur ? Notre avenir "
"dépend de notre philosophie."
-#. type: Content of: <h3>
+#. type: Content of: <div><h3>
msgid "Software patents"
msgstr "Les brevets logiciels"
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
+# | The worst threat we face comes from software patents, which can put
+# | algorithms and features off limits to free software for up to twenty
+# | years. The LZW compression algorithm patents were applied for in 1983,
+# | and we still cannot release free software to produce proper compressed
+# | <abbr title=\"Graphics Interchange [-Format\">GIF</abbr>s. [As of 2009
+# | they have expired.]-] {+Format\">GIF</abbr>s. <a
+# | href=\"#ft10\">[10]</a>+} In 1998, a free program to produce <abbr
+# | title=\"MPEG-1 Audio Layer 3\">MP3</abbr> compressed audio was removed
+# | from distribution under threat of a patent [-suit. [As of 2017, these
+# | patents have expired. Look how long we had to wait.]-] {+suit. <a
+# | href=\"#ft11\">[11]</a>+}
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "The worst threat we face comes from software patents, which can put "
+#| "algorithms and features off limits to free software for up to twenty "
+#| "years. The LZW compression algorithm patents were applied for in 1983, "
+#| "and we still cannot release free software to produce proper compressed "
+#| "<abbr title=\"Graphics Interchange Format\">GIF</abbr>s. [As of 2009 "
+#| "they have expired.] In 1998, a free program to produce <abbr title="
+#| "\"MPEG-1 Audio Layer 3\">MP3</abbr> compressed audio was removed from "
+#| "distribution under threat of a patent suit. [As of 2017, these patents "
+#| "have expired. Look how long we had to wait.]"
msgid ""
"The worst threat we face comes from software patents, which can put "
"algorithms and features off limits to free software for up to twenty years. "
"The LZW compression algorithm patents were applied for in 1983, and we still "
"cannot release free software to produce proper compressed <abbr title="
-"\"Graphics Interchange Format\">GIF</abbr>s. [As of 2009 they have "
-"expired.] In 1998, a free program to produce <abbr title=\"MPEG-1 Audio "
-"Layer 3\">MP3</abbr> compressed audio was removed from distribution under "
-"threat of a patent suit. [As of 2017, these patents have expired. Look how "
-"long we had to wait.]"
+"\"Graphics Interchange Format\">GIF</abbr>s. <a href=\"#ft10\">[10]</"
+"a> In 1998, a free program to produce <abbr title=\"MPEG-1 Audio Layer "
+"3\">MP3</abbr> compressed audio was removed from distribution under threat "
+"of a patent suit. <a href=\"#ft11\">[11]</a>"
msgstr ""
"La pire menace provient des brevets logiciels, susceptibles de placer des "
"algorithmes et des fonctionnalités hors de portée du logiciel libre pendant
"
@@ -1966,7 +2210,7 @@
"Audio Layer 3\">MP3</abbr>. [En 2017, ces brevets ont expiré. Regardez "
"combien de temps il aura fallu attendre.]"
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"There are ways to cope with patents: we can search for evidence that a "
"patent is invalid, and we can look for alternative ways to do a job. But "
@@ -1983,7 +2227,7 @@
"souhaitent. Après une longue attente, les brevets finissent par expirer, "
"mais que devons-nous faire d'ici là  ?"
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"Those of us who value free software for freedom's sake will stay with free "
"software anyway. We will manage to get work done without the patented "
@@ -2005,11 +2249,11 @@
"logiciels libres, il ne faut pas s'en tenir là . Il nous faut parler de "
"liberté et de principes."
-#. type: Content of: <h3>
+#. type: Content of: <div><h3>
msgid "Free documentation"
msgstr "La documentation libre"
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"The biggest deficiency in our free operating systems is not in the "
"software—it is the lack of good free manuals that we can include in "
@@ -2025,7 +2269,7 @@
"libre, il s'agit d'une lacune majeure. On en compte de nombreuses "
"aujourd'hui."
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"Free documentation, like free software, is a matter of freedom, not price. "
"The criterion for a free manual is pretty much the same as for free "
@@ -2040,7 +2284,7 @@
"commerciale), en ligne et sur papier, de telle sorte que le manuel puisse "
"accompagner chaque copie du programme."
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"Permission for modification is crucial too. As a general rule, I don't "
"believe that it is essential for people to have permission to modify all "
@@ -2054,7 +2298,7 @@
"vous ou moi soyons tenus de donner la permission de modifier des textes "
"comme le présent article, qui expose nos actions et nos idées."
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"But there is a particular reason why the freedom to modify is crucial for "
"documentation for free software. When people exercise their right to modify "
@@ -2073,7 +2317,7 @@
"programmeurs à être consciencieux et à terminer leur travail ne couvre pas
"
"les besoins de notre communauté."
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"Some kinds of limits on how modifications are done pose no problem. For "
"example, requirements to preserve the original author's copyright notice, "
@@ -2098,7 +2342,7 @@
"termes, cela n'empêche pas la communauté du logiciel libre d'utiliser "
"pleinement le manuel."
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"However, it must be possible to modify all the <em>technical</em> content of "
"the manual, and then distribute the result in all the usual media, through "
@@ -2111,7 +2355,7 @@
"restrictions sont un véritable obstacle pour la communauté : le manuel
n'est "
"pas libre et il nous en faut un autre."
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"Will free software developers have the awareness and determination to "
"produce a full spectrum of free manuals? Once again, our future depends on "
@@ -2121,14 +2365,24 @@
"assortiment complet de manuels libres, seront-ils assez déterminés pour les
"
"produire ? Une fois de plus, notre avenir dépend de notre philosophie."
-#. type: Content of: <h3>
+#. type: Content of: <div><h3>
msgid "We must talk about freedom"
msgstr "Il nous faut parler de la liberté"
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
+# | Estimates today are that there are ten million users of GNU/Linux systems
+# | such as Debian GNU/Linux and Red Hat [-“Linux”.-]
+# | {+“Linux.”+} Free software has developed such practical
+# | advantages that users are flocking to it for purely practical reasons.
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "Estimates today are that there are ten million users of GNU/Linux systems "
+#| "such as Debian GNU/Linux and Red Hat “Linux”. Free software "
+#| "has developed such practical advantages that users are flocking to it for "
+#| "purely practical reasons."
msgid ""
"Estimates today are that there are ten million users of GNU/Linux systems "
-"such as Debian GNU/Linux and Red Hat “Linux”. Free software has "
+"such as Debian GNU/Linux and Red Hat “Linux.” Free software has "
"developed such practical advantages that users are flocking to it for purely "
"practical reasons."
msgstr ""
@@ -2137,7 +2391,7 @@
"logiciel libre propose tant d'avantages pratiques que les utilisateurs s'y "
"ruent pour des raisons purement pratiques."
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"The good consequences of this are evident: more interest in developing free "
"software, more customers for free software businesses, and more ability to "
@@ -2150,7 +2404,7 @@
"sociétés à développer des logiciels libres commerciaux, plutôt que des "
"logiciels privateurs."
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"But interest in the software is growing faster than awareness of the "
"philosophy it is based on, and this leads to trouble. Our ability to meet "
@@ -2166,7 +2420,7 @@
"nous faut diffuser ces idées auprès des nouveaux utilisateurs au fur et à "
"mesure qu'ils rejoignent notre communauté."
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"But we are failing to do so: the efforts to attract new users into our "
"community are far outstripping the efforts to teach them the civics of our "
@@ -2178,11 +2432,11 @@
"pour leur enseigner le civisme qui lui est attaché. Ces deux efforts sont "
"nécessaires et il nous faut les équilibrer."
-#. type: Content of: <h3>
+#. type: Content of: <div><h3>
msgid "“Open Source”"
msgstr "« Open Source »"
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"Teaching new users about freedom became more difficult in 1998, when a part "
"of the community decided to stop using the term “free software” "
@@ -2193,7 +2447,7 @@
"choisi d'arrêter d'utiliser le terme « logiciel libre » pour lui
préférer la "
"dénomination « logiciel open source »."
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"Some who favored this term aimed to avoid the confusion of “"
"free” with “gratis”—a valid goal. Others, however, "
@@ -2215,7 +2469,7 @@
"logiciel puissant et de grande qualité, mais occulte les notions de
liberté, "
"de communauté et de principes."
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"The “Linux” magazines are a clear example of this—they are "
"filled with advertisements for proprietary software that works with GNU/"
@@ -2228,7 +2482,7 @@
"programmeurs en garde en leur demandant de s'en éloigner, ou passeront-ils "
"des publicités pour ces produits ?"
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"The support of business can contribute to the community in many ways; all "
"else being equal, it is useful. But winning their support by speaking even "
@@ -2242,12 +2496,24 @@
"mentionné précédemment entre le recrutement de nouveaux utilisateurs et
leur "
"l'éducation civique."
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
+# | “Free software” and “open source” describe the
+# | same category of software, more or less, but say different things about
+# | the software, and about values. The GNU Project continues to use the term
+# | “free [-software”,-] {+software,”+} to express the idea
+# | that freedom, not just technology, is important.
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "“Free software” and “open source” describe the "
+#| "same category of software, more or less, but say different things about "
+#| "the software, and about values. The GNU Project continues to use the "
+#| "term “free software”, to express the idea that freedom, not "
+#| "just technology, is important."
msgid ""
"“Free software” and “open source” describe the same "
"category of software, more or less, but say different things about the "
"software, and about values. The GNU Project continues to use the term "
-"“free software”, to express the idea that freedom, not just "
+"“free software,” to express the idea that freedom, not just "
"technology, is important."
msgstr ""
"Les termes « logiciel libre » et « open source » décrivent tous deux
plus ou "
@@ -2256,11 +2522,11 @@
"d'utiliser le terme « logiciel libre » pour exprimer l'idée que la
liberté "
"est plus importante que la seule technique."
-#. type: Content of: <h3>
+#. type: Content of: <div><h3>
msgid "Try!"
msgstr "Jetez-vous à l'eau"
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"Yoda's aphorism (“There is no ‘try’”) sounds neat, "
"but it doesn't work for me. I have done most of my work while anxious about "
@@ -2277,7 +2543,7 @@
"fixés. Mais j'ai tenté ma chance, car il n'y avait personne d'autre que moi
"
"entre l'ennemi et ma cité. à ma grande surprise, j'ai parfois réussi."
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"Sometimes I failed; some of my cities have fallen. Then I found another "
"threatened city, and got ready for another battle. Over time, I've learned "
@@ -2289,7 +2555,7 @@
"le temps, j'ai appris à reconnaître les menaces et à m'interposer entre
ces "
"dernières et ma cité, en appelant mes amis hackers à la rescousse."
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"Nowadays, often I'm not the only one. It is a relief and a joy when I see a "
"regiment of hackers digging in to hold the line, and I realize, this city "
@@ -2307,6 +2573,244 @@
"considérez pas comme tel ! Si vous souhaitez conserver votre liberté, vous
"
"devez être prêts à la défendre."
+#. type: Content of: <div><h3>
+# || No change detected. The change might only be in amounts of spaces.
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid "Footnotes"
+msgid "Footnotes"
+msgstr "Notes"
+
+#. type: Content of: <div><ol><li>
+# | [-(1)-]The use of “hacker” to mean “security
+# | breaker” is a confusion on the part of the mass media. We hackers
+# | refuse to recognize that meaning, and continue using the word to mean
+# | someone who loves to program, someone who enjoys playful cleverness, or
+# | the combination of the two. See my article, [-<a
+# | href=\"http://stallman.org/articles/on-hacking.html\";>On Hacking</a>.-]
+# | {+“<a href=\"https://stallman.org/articles/on-hacking.html\";>On
+# | Hacking</a>.”+}
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "(1) The use of “hacker” to mean “security "
+#| "breaker” is a confusion on the part of the mass media. We hackers "
+#| "refuse to recognize that meaning, and continue using the word to mean "
+#| "someone who loves to program, someone who enjoys playful cleverness, or "
+#| "the combination of the two. See my article, <a href=\"http://stallman.";
+#| "org/articles/on-hacking.html\">On Hacking</a>."
+msgid ""
+"The use of “hacker” to mean “security breaker” is a "
+"confusion on the part of the mass media. We hackers refuse to recognize "
+"that meaning, and continue using the word to mean someone who loves to "
+"program, someone who enjoys playful cleverness, or the combination of the "
+"two. See my article, “<a href=\"https://stallman.org/articles/on-";
+"hacking.html\">On Hacking</a>.”"
+msgstr ""
+"(1) L'utilisation du mot « hacker » dans le sens de « casseur de
systèmes de "
+"sécurité », est un amalgame instillé par les mass media. Nous autres
hackers "
+"refusons de reconnaître cette signification et continuons de donner à ce
mot "
+"le sens de « celui qui aime programmer ou qui prend plaisir à exercer son "
+"ingéniosité de façon ludique ».<a id=\"TransNote1-rev\" href="
+"\"#TransNote1\"><sup>a</sup></a> Consultez mon article <cite><a href="
+"\"http://stallman.org/articles/on-hacking.html\";>On Hacking</a></cite>."
+
+#. type: Content of: <div><ol><li>
+# | [-(1)-]As an Atheist, I don't follow any religious leaders, but I
+# | sometimes find I admire something one of them has said.
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "(1) As an Atheist, I don't follow any religious leaders, but I sometimes "
+#| "find I admire something one of them has said."
+msgid ""
+"As an Atheist, I don't follow any religious leaders, but I sometimes find I "
+"admire something one of them has said."
+msgstr ""
+"(1) En tant qu'athée, je ne suis les pas d'aucun guide spirituel, mais "
+"j'admire parfois ce qu'a dit l'un d'entre eux."
+
+#. type: Content of: <div><ol><li>
+# | [-(1)-]In 1984 or 1985, Don Hopkins (a very imaginative fellow) mailed me
+# | a letter. [-On-] {+<a href=\"/graphics/copyleft-sticker.html\">On+} the
+# | [-envelope-] {+envelope</a>+} he had written several amusing sayings,
+# | including this one: “Copyleft—all rights reversed.” I
+# | used the word “copyleft” to name the distribution concept I
+# | was developing at the time.
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "(1) In 1984 or 1985, Don Hopkins (a very imaginative fellow) mailed me a "
+#| "letter. On the envelope he had written several amusing sayings, "
+#| "including this one: “Copyleft—all rights reversed.” I "
+#| "used the word “copyleft” to name the distribution concept I "
+#| "was developing at the time."
+msgid ""
+"In 1984 or 1985, Don Hopkins (a very imaginative fellow) mailed me a "
+"letter. <a href=\"/graphics/copyleft-sticker.html\">On the envelope</a> he "
+"had written several amusing sayings, including this one: “"
+"Copyleft—all rights reversed.” I used the word “"
+"copyleft” to name the distribution concept I was developing at the "
+"time."
+msgstr ""
+"(1) En 1984 ou 1985, Don Hopkins (dont l'imagination était sans bornes) m'a "
+"envoyé une lettre. Il avait écrit sur l'enveloppe plusieurs phrases "
+"amusantes et notamment celle-ci : <i>Copyleft â all rights reversed.</i><a
"
+"id=\"TransNote6-rev\" href=\"#TransNote6\"><sup>f</sup></a> J'ai utilisé le "
+"mot « copyleft » pour donner un nom au concept de distribution que je "
+"développais alors."
+
+#. type: Content of: <div><ol><li>
+# | [-(2)-]We now use the <a href=\"/licenses/fdl.html\">GNU Free
+# | Documentation License</a> for documentation.
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "(2) We now use the <a href=\"/licenses/fdl.html\">GNU Free Documentation "
+#| "License</a> for documentation."
+msgid ""
+"We now use the <a href=\"/licenses/fdl.html\">GNU Free Documentation "
+"License</a> for documentation."
+msgstr ""
+"(2) Nous utilisons maintenant la <a href=\"/licenses/fdl.html\">licence GNU "
+"de documentation libre</a> (GNU <abbr title=\"Free Documentation License"
+"\">FDL</abbr>) pour la documentation."
+
+#. type: Content of: <div><ol><li>
+# | [-(1)-]“Bourne Again Shell” is a play on the name
+# | “Bourne [-Shell”,-] {+Shell,”+} which was the usual
+# | shell on Unix.
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "(1) “Bourne Again Shell” is a play on the name “Bourne "
+#| "Shell”, which was the usual shell on Unix."
+msgid ""
+"“Bourne Again Shell” is a play on the name “Bourne Shell,"
+"” which was the usual shell on Unix."
+msgstr ""
+"(1) <i>Bourne-Again Shell</i><a id=\"TransNote7-rev\" href="
+"\"#TransNote7\"><sup>g</sup></a> est un clin d'Åil au nom <i>Bourne Shell</"
+"i>, qui était le shell habituel sur Unix."
+
+#. type: Content of: <div><ol><li>
+# | [-(1)-]That was written in 1998. In 2009 we no longer maintain a long
+# | task list. The community develops free software so fast that we can't
+# | even keep track of it all. Instead, we have a list of High Priority
+# | Projects, a much shorter list of projects we really want to encourage
+# | people to write.
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "(1) That was written in 1998. In 2009 we no longer maintain a long task "
+#| "list. The community develops free software so fast that we can't even "
+#| "keep track of it all. Instead, we have a list of High Priority Projects, "
+#| "a much shorter list of projects we really want to encourage people to "
+#| "write."
+msgid ""
+"That was written in 1998. In 2009 we no longer maintain a long task list. "
+"The community develops free software so fast that we can't even keep track "
+"of it all. Instead, we have a list of High Priority Projects, a much "
+"shorter list of projects we really want to encourage people to write."
+msgstr ""
+"(1) Cela a été écrit en 1998. Depuis 2009, nous ne tenons plus à jour
cette "
+"longue liste de tâches. La communauté développe des logiciels libres "
+"tellement vite que nous ne pouvons même pas les suivre tous. En revanche, "
+"nous avons une liste des projets à haute priorité â liste bien plus
courte "
+"de projets dont nous souhaitons vivement qu'ils soient menés à bien."
+
+#. type: Content of: <div><ol><li>
+# | [-(1)-]This license is now called the GNU Lesser General Public License,
+# | to avoid giving the idea that all libraries ought to use it. See <a
+# | href=\"/philosophy/why-not-lgpl.html\">Why you shouldn't use the Lesser
+# | GPL for your next library</a> for more information.
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "(1) This license is now called the GNU Lesser General Public License, to "
+#| "avoid giving the idea that all libraries ought to use it. See <a href=\"/"
+#| "philosophy/why-not-lgpl.html\">Why you shouldn't use the Lesser GPL for "
+#| "your next library</a> for more information."
+msgid ""
+"This license is now called the GNU Lesser General Public License, to avoid "
+"giving the idea that all libraries ought to use it. See <a href=\"/"
+"philosophy/why-not-lgpl.html\">Why you shouldn't use the Lesser GPL for your "
+"next library</a> for more information."
+msgstr ""
+"(1) Cette licence s'appelle maintenant la <i>GNU Lesser General Public "
+"License</i> (licence publique générale GNU amoindrie), pour éviter de "
+"laisser penser que toutes les bibliothèques doivent l'utiliser. Consultez "
+"l'article <a href=\"/philosophy/why-not-lgpl.html\">Pourquoi vous ne devriez "
+"pas utiliser la LGPL pour votre prochaine bibliothèque</a> pour plus "
+"d'informations."
+
+#. type: Content of: <div><ol><li>
+# | [-(-]2008 note: this issue extends to the BIOS as well. There is a free
+# | BIOS, <a [-href=\"http://www.libreboot.org/\";>LibreBoot</a>-]
+# | {+href=\"https://libreboot.org/\";>LibreBoot</a>+} (a distribution of
+# | coreboot); the problem is getting specs for machines so that LibreBoot can
+# | support them without nonfree [-“blobs”.)-]
+# | {+“blobs.”+}
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "(2008 note: this issue extends to the BIOS as well. There is a free "
+#| "BIOS, <a href=\"http://www.libreboot.org/\";>LibreBoot</a> (a distribution "
+#| "of coreboot); the problem is getting specs for machines so that LibreBoot "
+#| "can support them without nonfree “blobs”.)"
+msgid ""
+"2008 note: this issue extends to the BIOS as well. There is a free BIOS, <a "
+"href=\"https://libreboot.org/\";>LibreBoot</a> (a distribution of coreboot); "
+"the problem is getting specs for machines so that LibreBoot can support them "
+"without nonfree “blobs.”"
+msgstr ""
+"(Note de 2008 : ce problème s'applique également au BIOS. Il existe un
BIOS "
+"libre, <a href=\"http://www.libreboot.org/\";>LibreBoot</a> (une distribution "
+"de coreboot) ; le problème est d'obtenir les spécifications des machines "
+"pour que LibreBoot puisse les gérer sans recourir à des « blobs » non "
+"libres.)"
+
+#. type: Content of: <div><ol><li>
+# | [-[Subsequent note: in-]{+In+} September 2000, Qt was rereleased under the
+# | GNU GPL, which essentially solved this problem.[-]-]
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "[Subsequent note: in September 2000, Qt was rereleased under the GNU GPL, "
+#| "which essentially solved this problem.]"
+msgid ""
+"In September 2000, Qt was rereleased under the GNU GPL, which essentially "
+"solved this problem."
+msgstr ""
+"[Note ultérieure : en septembre 2000, Qt a été republiée sous la GNU
GPL, ce "
+"qui pour l'essentiel a résolu le problème.]"
+
+#. type: Content of: <div><ol><li>
+msgid "As of 2009, the GIF patents have expired."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <div><ol><li>
+msgid ""
+"As of 2017, the MP3 patents have expired. Look how long we had to wait."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <div><div><p>
+# | Originally published in the book [-<em>Open Sources</em>.-] {+<cite>Open
+# | Sources</cite>.+} Richard Stallman was <a
+# | href=\"/philosophy/open-source-misses-the-point.html\"> never a supporter
+# | of “open source”</a>, but contributed this article so that the
+# | ideas of the free software movement would not be entirely absent from that
+# | book.
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "Originally published in the book <em>Open Sources</em>. Richard Stallman "
+#| "was <a href=\"/philosophy/open-source-misses-the-point.html\"> never a "
+#| "supporter of “open source”</a>, but contributed this article "
+#| "so that the ideas of the free software movement would not be entirely "
+#| "absent from that book."
+msgid ""
+"Originally published in the book <cite>Open Sources</cite>. Richard "
+"Stallman was <a href=\"/philosophy/open-source-misses-the-point.html\"> "
+"never a supporter of “open source”</a>, but contributed this "
+"article so that the ideas of the free software movement would not be "
+"entirely absent from that book."
+msgstr ""
+"Publié à l'origine dans le livre <em>Open Sources</em>. Richard Stallman <a
"
+"href=\"/philosophy/open-source-misses-the-point.html\">n'a jamais été "
+"partisan de l'« open source »</a>, mais a contribué à ce livre par cet "
+"article pour que les idées du logiciel libre n'en soient pas complètement "
+"absentes."
+
#. TRANSLATORS: Use space (SPC) as msgstr if you don't have notes.
#. type: Content of: <div>
msgid "*GNUN-SLOT: TRANSLATOR'S NOTES*"
@@ -2383,14 +2887,14 @@
#. Please send your comments and general suggestions in this regard
#. to <a href="mailto:web-translators@gnu.org";>
#. <web-translators@gnu.org></a>.</p>
-#. <p>For information on coordinating and submitting translations of
+#. <p>For information on coordinating and contributing translations of
#. our web pages, see <a
#. href="/server/standards/README.translations.html">Translations
#. README</a>.
#. type: Content of: <div><div><p>
msgid ""
"Please see the <a href=\"/server/standards/README.translations.html"
-"\">Translations README</a> for information on coordinating and submitting "
+"\">Translations README</a> for information on coordinating and contributing "
"translations of this article."
msgstr ""
"Merci d'adresser vos commentaires sur les pages en français à <<a href="
@@ -2401,9 +2905,15 @@
"traduction</a> les infos nécessaires."
#. type: Content of: <div><p>
+# | Copyright © 1998, [-2001, 2002,-] 2005, [-2006, 2007,-] 2008, 2010,
+# | 201[-4-]{+2+}, 2015, 2017, 2018, 202[-0-]{+1+} Richard Stallman
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "Copyright © 1998, 2001, 2002, 2005, 2006, 2007, 2008, 2010, 2014, "
+#| "2015, 2017, 2018, 2020 Richard Stallman"
msgid ""
-"Copyright © 1998, 2001, 2002, 2005, 2006, 2007, 2008, 2010, 2014, 2015, "
-"2017, 2018, 2020 Richard Stallman"
+"Copyright © 1998, 2005, 2008, 2010, 2012, 2015, 2017, 2018, 2021 "
+"Richard Stallman"
msgstr ""
"Copyright © 1998, 2001, 2002, 2005, 2006, 2007, 2008, 2010, 2014, 2015, "
"2017, 2018, 2020 Richard Stallman"
@@ -2431,10 +2941,16 @@
msgid "Updated:"
msgstr "Dernière mise à jour :"
-#. type: Content of: <div><p>
-msgid ""
-"Copyright © 1998, 2001, 2002, 2005, 2006, 2007, 2008, 2010, 2014, 2015, "
-"2017, 2018, 2020, 2021 Richard Stallman"
-msgstr ""
-"Copyright © 1998, 2001, 2002, 2005, 2006, 2007, 2008, 2010, 2014, 2015, "
-"2017, 2018, 2020, 2021 Richard Stallman"
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "by <a href=\"http://www.stallman.org/\";><strong>Richard Stallman</"
+#~ "strong></a>"
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "par <a href=\"http://www.stallman.org/\";><strong>Richard Stallman</"
+#~ "strong></a>"
+
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "Copyright © 1998, 2001, 2002, 2005, 2006, 2007, 2008, 2010, 2014, "
+#~ "2015, 2017, 2018, 2020, 2021 Richard Stallman"
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "Copyright © 1998, 2001, 2002, 2005, 2006, 2007, 2008, 2010, 2014, "
+#~ "2015, 2017, 2018, 2020, 2021 Richard Stallman"
Index: thegnuproject.hr-diff.html
===================================================================
RCS file: /web/www/www/gnu/po/thegnuproject.hr-diff.html,v
retrieving revision 1.18
retrieving revision 1.19
diff -u -b -r1.18 -r1.19
--- thegnuproject.hr-diff.html 30 May 2021 19:32:26 -0000 1.18
+++ thegnuproject.hr-diff.html 24 Oct 2021 07:31:38 -0000 1.19
@@ -11,16 +11,25 @@
</style></head>
<body><pre>
<!--#include virtual="/server/header.html" -->
-<!-- Parent-Version: <span
class="removed"><del><strong>1.76</strong></del></span> <span
class="inserted"><ins><em>1.86</em></ins></span> -->
+<!-- Parent-Version: <span
class="removed"><del><strong>1.76</strong></del></span> <span
class="inserted"><ins><em>1.96 -->
+<!-- This page is derived from /server/standards/boilerplate.html -->
+<!--#set var="TAGS" value="gnu-history" -->
+<!--#set var="DISABLE_TOP_ADDENDUM" value="yes"</em></ins></span> -->
<title>About the GNU Project
- GNU Project - Free Software Foundation</title>
<meta http-equiv="Keywords" content="GNU, GNU Project, FSF, Free Software,
Free Software Foundation, History" />
<!--#include virtual="/gnu/po/thegnuproject.translist" -->
<!--#include virtual="/server/banner.html" -->
+<span class="inserted"><ins><em><!--#include
virtual="/gnu/gnu-breadcrumb.html" -->
+<!--GNUN: OUT-OF-DATE NOTICE-->
+<!--#include virtual="/server/top-addendum.html" -->
+<div class="article reduced-width"></em></ins></span>
<h2>The GNU Project</h2>
-<p>
-by <a href="http://www.stallman.org/"><strong>Richard
Stallman</strong></a></p>
+<span class="removed"><del><strong><p>
+by</strong></del></span>
+
+<span class="inserted"><ins><em><address
class="byline">by</em></ins></span> <a <span
class="removed"><del><strong>href="http://www.stallman.org/"><strong>Richard
Stallman</strong></a></p>
<blockquote>
<p>
@@ -30,12 +39,8 @@
this article so that the ideas of the free software movement would not
be entirely absent from that book.
</p>
-<span class="inserted"><ins><em><p>
-Why it is even more important than ever
-<a href="/philosophy/free-software-even-more-important.html">to insist
-that the software we use be free</a>.
-</p></em></ins></span>
-</blockquote>
+</blockquote></strong></del></span> <span
class="inserted"><ins><em>href="https://www.stallman.org/">Richard
+Stallman</a></address></em></ins></span>
<h3>The first software-sharing community</h3>
<p>
@@ -51,28 +56,37 @@
The AI Lab used a timesharing operating system called
<span class="removed"><del><strong><acronym</strong></del></span>
<span class="inserted"><ins><em><abbr</em></ins></span> title="Incompatible
Timesharing <span
class="removed"><del><strong>System">ITS</acronym></strong></del></span>
<span class="inserted"><ins><em>System">ITS</abbr></em></ins></span>
(the
-Incompatible Timesharing System) that the lab's staff hackers (1) had
+Incompatible Timesharing System) that the lab's staff <span
class="removed"><del><strong>hackers (1)</strong></del></span> <span
class="inserted"><ins><em>hackers <a
href="#ft1">[1]</a></em></ins></span> had
designed and written in assembler language for the Digital
<span class="removed"><del><strong><acronym</strong></del></span>
<span class="inserted"><ins><em><abbr</em></ins></span> title="Programmed
Data <span
class="removed"><del><strong>Processor">PDP</acronym>-10,</strong></del></span>
<span
class="inserted"><ins><em>Processor">PDP</abbr>-10,</em></ins></span>
one of
the large computers of the era. As a member of this community, an AI
Lab staff system hacker, my job was to improve this system.</p>
<p>
-We did not call our software “free software”, because that
+We did not call our software “free <span
class="removed"><del><strong>software”,</strong></del></span> <span
class="inserted"><ins><em>software,”</em></ins></span> because that
term did not yet exist; but that is what it was. Whenever people from
another university or a company wanted to port and use a program, we
gladly let them. If you saw someone using an unfamiliar and
interesting program, you could always ask to see the source code, so
that you could read it, change it, or cannibalize parts of it to make
a new program.</p>
+
+<span class="inserted"><ins><em><div class="announcement comment"
role="complementary">
+<hr class="no-display" /></em></ins></span>
<p>
-(1) The use of “hacker” to mean “security
-breaker” is a confusion on the part of the mass media. We
-hackers refuse to recognize that meaning, and continue using the word
+<span class="removed"><del><strong>(1) The use of “hacker” to mean
“security
+breaker”</strong></del></span>
+<span class="inserted"><ins><em>Why it</em></ins></span> is <span
class="removed"><del><strong>a confusion on the part of the mass media. We
+hackers refuse to recognize</strong></del></span> <span
class="inserted"><ins><em>even more important than ever
+<a href="/philosophy/free-software-even-more-important.html">to
insist</em></ins></span>
+that <span class="removed"><del><strong>meaning, and continue
using</strong></del></span> the <span class="removed"><del><strong>word
to mean someone who loves to program, someone who enjoys playful
cleverness, or the combination of the two. See my
article, <a href="http://stallman.org/articles/on-hacking.html">On
-Hacking</a>.</p>
+Hacking</a>.</p></strong></del></span> <span
class="inserted"><ins><em>software we use be free</a>.
+</p>
+<hr class="no-display" />
+</div></em></ins></span>
<h3>The collapse of the community</h3>
<p>
@@ -85,7 +99,7 @@
The AI Lab hacker community had already collapsed, not long before.
In 1981, the spin-off company Symbolics had hired away nearly all of
the hackers from the AI Lab, and the depopulated community was unable
-to maintain itself. (The book Hackers, by Steve Levy, describes these
+to maintain itself. (The book <span
class="removed"><del><strong>Hackers,</strong></del></span> <span
class="inserted"><ins><em><cite>Hackers</cite>,</em></ins></span>
by Steve Levy, describes these
events, as well as giving a clear picture of this community in its
prime.) When the AI Lab bought a new PDP-10 in 1982, its
administrators decided to use Digital's nonfree timesharing system
@@ -113,7 +127,8 @@
issue.</p>
<p>
When software publishers talk about “enforcing” their
-“rights” or “stopping <a
href="/philosophy/words-to-avoid.html#Piracy">piracy</a>”, what
they
+“rights” or “stopping <a <span
class="removed"><del><strong>href="/philosophy/words-to-avoid.html#Piracy">piracy</a>”,</strong></del></span>
+<span
class="inserted"><ins><em>href="/philosophy/words-to-avoid.html#Piracy">piracy</a>,”</em></ins></span>
what they
actually <em>say</em> is secondary. The real message of these
statements is
in the unstated assumptions they take for granted, which the public is
asked to accept without examination. Let's therefore examine them.</p>
@@ -144,11 +159,15 @@
software, because helping other people is the basis of society.</p>
<p>
There is no room here for an extensive statement of the reasoning
-behind this conclusion, so I refer the reader to the web pages
+behind this conclusion, so I refer the reader to <span
class="removed"><del><strong>the web pages
<a href="/philosophy/why-free.html">
-http://www.gnu.org/philosophy/why-free.html</a> and
-<a href="/philosophy/free-software-even-more-important.html">
-http://www.gnu.org/philosophy/free-software-even-more-important.html</a>.
+http://www.gnu.org/philosophy/why-free.html</a></strong></del></span>
<span class="inserted"><ins><em>“<a
+href="/philosophy/why-free.html">Why Software Should Not Have
+Owners</a>,”</em></ins></span> and
+<span class="removed"><del><strong><a
href="/philosophy/free-software-even-more-important.html">
+http://www.gnu.org/philosophy/free-software-even-more-important.html</a>.</strong></del></span>
<span class="inserted"><ins><em>“<a
+href="/philosophy/free-software-even-more-important.html">Free
+Software Is Even More Important Now</a>.”</em></ins></span>
</p>
<h3>A stark moral choice</h3>
@@ -199,7 +218,7 @@
Unix so that it would be portable, and so that Unix users could easily
switch to it. The name GNU was chosen, following a hacker tradition, as
a recursive acronym for “GNU's Not <span
class="removed"><del><strong>Unix.”</p></strong></del></span> <span
class="inserted"><ins><em>Unix.” It is pronounced
-as <a href="/gnu/pronunciation.html">one syllable with a hard
g</a>.</p></em></ins></span>
+as <a href="/gnu/pronunciation.html">one syllable with a
hard <i>g</i></a>.</p></em></ins></span>
<p>
An operating system does not mean just a kernel, barely enough to run
other programs. In the 1970s, every operating system worthy of the
@@ -208,7 +227,7 @@
Multics had them, VMS had them, and Unix had them. The GNU operating
system would include them too.</p>
<p>
-Later I heard these words, attributed to Hillel (1):</p>
+Later I heard these words, attributed to <span
class="removed"><del><strong>Hillel (1):</p></strong></del></span> <span
class="inserted"><ins><em>Hillel <a
href="#ft2">[2]</a>:</p></em></ins></span>
<blockquote><p>
If I am not for myself, who will be for me?<br />
@@ -217,9 +236,9 @@
</p></blockquote>
<p>
The decision to start the GNU Project was based on a similar spirit.</p>
-<p>
+<span class="removed"><del><strong><p>
(1) As an Atheist, I don't follow any religious leaders, but I
-sometimes find I admire something one of them has said.</p>
+sometimes find I admire something one of them has
said.</p></strong></del></span>
<h3>Free as in freedom</h3>
<p>
@@ -252,13 +271,14 @@
Therefore, a program which people are not free to include on these
collections is not free software.</p>
<p>
-Because of the ambiguity of “free”, people have long
+Because of the ambiguity of <span
class="removed"><del><strong>“free”,</strong></del></span> <span
class="inserted"><ins><em>“free,”</em></ins></span> people have long
looked for alternatives, but no one has found a better term.
The English language has more words and nuances than any other, but it
-lacks a simple, unambiguous, word that means “free”, as in
+lacks a simple, unambiguous, word that means <span
class="removed"><del><strong>“free”,</strong></del></span> <span
class="inserted"><ins><em>“free,”</em></ins></span> as in
freedom—“unfettered” being the word that comes closest in
-meaning. Such alternatives as “liberated”,
-“freedom”, and “open” have either the wrong
+meaning. Such alternatives as <span
class="removed"><del><strong>“liberated”,
+“freedom”,</strong></del></span> <span
class="inserted"><ins><em>“liberated,”
+“freedom,”</em></ins></span> and “open” have either
the wrong
meaning or some other disadvantage.</p>
<h3>GNU software and the GNU system</h3>
@@ -295,7 +315,7 @@
<p>
Shortly before beginning the GNU Project, I heard about the Free
University Compiler Kit, also known as VUCK. (The Dutch word for
-“free” is written with a <em>v</em>.) This was a
compiler
+“free” is written with a <span
class="removed"><del><strong><em>v</em>.)</strong></del></span>
<span class="inserted"><ins><em><i>v</i>.)</em></ins></span> This
was a compiler
designed to handle multiple languages, including C and Pascal, and to
support multiple target machines. I wrote to its author asking if GNU
could use it.</p>
@@ -315,7 +335,7 @@
<p>
I then realized that the Pastel compiler functioned by parsing the
entire input file into a syntax tree, converting the whole syntax tree
-into a chain of “instructions”, and then generating the
+into a chain of <span
class="removed"><del><strong>“instructions”,</strong></del></span>
<span class="inserted"><ins><em>“instructions,”</em></ins></span>
and then generating the
whole output file, without ever freeing any storage. At this point, I
concluded I would have to write a new compiler from scratch. That new
compiler is now known as <span
class="removed"><del><strong><acronym</strong></del></span> <span
class="inserted"><ins><em><abbr</em></ins></span> title="GNU Compiler <span
class="removed"><del><strong>Collection">GCC</acronym>;</strong></del></span>
<span
class="inserted"><ins><em>Collection">GCC</abbr>;</em></ins></span>
@@ -371,7 +391,7 @@
<p>
The developers of the X Window System did not consider this a
problem—they expected and intended this to happen. Their goal was
-not freedom, just “success”, defined as “having many
+not freedom, just <span
class="removed"><del><strong>“success”,</strong></del></span> <span
class="inserted"><ins><em>“success,”</em></ins></span> defined as
“having many
users.” They did not care whether these users had freedom, only
that they should be numerous.</p>
<p>
@@ -389,7 +409,7 @@
The goal of GNU was to give users freedom, not just to be popular. So
we needed to use distribution terms that would prevent GNU software
from being turned into proprietary software. The method we use is
-called “copyleft”.(1)</p>
+called <span
class="removed"><del><strong>“copyleft”.(1)</p></strong></del></span>
<span class="inserted"><ins><em>“copyleft” <a
href="#ft3">[3]</a>.</p></em></ins></span>
<p>
Copyleft uses copyright law, but flips it over to serve the opposite
of its usual purpose: instead of a means for restricting a program, it
@@ -432,7 +452,7 @@
have other kinds of copyleft that are used in specific circumstances.
GNU manuals are copylefted also, but use a much simpler kind of
copyleft, because the complexity of the GNU GPL is not necessary
-for manuals.(2)</p>
+for <span class="removed"><del><strong>manuals.(2)</p>
<p>
(1) In 1984 or 1985, Don Hopkins (a very imaginative fellow) mailed me
a letter. On the envelope he had written several amusing sayings,
@@ -442,14 +462,14 @@
<p>
(2) We now use the <a href="/licenses/fdl.html">GNU Free
-Documentation License</a> for documentation.</p>
+Documentation License</a> for
documentation.</p></strong></del></span> <span
class="inserted"><ins><em>manuals. <a
href="#ft4">[4]</a></p></em></ins></span>
<h3>The Free Software Foundation</h3>
<p>As interest in using Emacs was growing, other people became
involved in the GNU project, and we decided that it was time to seek
funding once again. So in 1985 we created
-the <a href="http://www.fsf.org/">Free Software Foundation</a>
(FSF),
+the <a <span
class="removed"><del><strong>href="http://www.fsf.org/">Free</strong></del></span>
<span
class="inserted"><ins><em>href="https://www.fsf.org/">Free</em></ins></span>
Software Foundation</a> (FSF),
a tax-exempt charity for free software development. The
<span class="removed"><del><strong><acronym</strong></del></span>
<span class="inserted"><ins><em><abbr</em></ins></span> title="Free
Software <span
class="removed"><del><strong>Foundation">FSF</acronym></strong></del></span>
<span
class="inserted"><ins><em>Foundation">FSF</abbr></em></ins></span>
also took over
@@ -463,9 +483,9 @@
redistribute and modify), and Deluxe Distributions (distributions for
which we built the whole collection of software for the customer's
choice of platform). Today the FSF
-still <a href="http://shop.fsf.org/"> sells manuals and other
+still <a <span
class="removed"><del><strong>href="http://shop.fsf.org/"></strong></del></span>
<span
class="inserted"><ins><em>href="https://shop.fsf.org/"></em></ins></span>
sells manuals and other
gear</a>, but it gets the bulk of its funding from members' dues. You
-can join the FSF at <a
href="http://fsf.org/join">fsf.org</a>.</p>
+can join the FSF at <a <span
class="removed"><del><strong>href="http://fsf.org/join">fsf.org</a>.</p></strong></del></span>
<span
class="inserted"><ins><em>href="https://my.fsf.org/join">fsf.org</a>.</p></em></ins></span>
<p>Free Software Foundation employees have written and maintained a
number of GNU software packages. Two notable ones are the C library
@@ -475,15 +495,16 @@
shell used on most GNU/Linux systems is
<span class="removed"><del><strong><acronym</strong></del></span>
<span class="inserted"><ins><em><abbr</em></ins></span> title="Bourne Again
<span
class="removed"><del><strong>Shell">BASH</acronym>,</strong></del></span>
<span class="inserted"><ins><em>Shell">BASH</abbr>,</em></ins></span>
the Bourne Again
-Shell(1), which was developed by FSF employee Brian Fox.</p>
+<span class="removed"><del><strong>Shell(1),</strong></del></span>
+<span class="inserted"><ins><em>SHell <a
href="#ft5">[5]</a>,</em></ins></span> which was developed by FSF
employee Brian Fox.</p>
<p>We funded development of these programs because the GNU Project was
not just about tools or a development environment. Our goal was a
complete operating system, and these programs were needed for that
goal.</p>
-<p>(1) “Bourne Again Shell” is a play on the name
-“Bourne Shell”, which was the usual shell on Unix.</p>
+<span class="removed"><del><strong><p>(1) “Bourne Again
Shell” is a play on the name
+“Bourne Shell”, which was the usual shell on
Unix.</p></strong></del></span>
<h3>Free software support</h3>
@@ -510,7 +531,7 @@
on nonfree software that works with free software. These are not
free software companies, they are proprietary software companies whose
products tempt users away from freedom. They call these programs
-“value-added packages”, which shows the values they
+“value-added <span
class="removed"><del><strong>packages”,</strong></del></span> <span
class="inserted"><ins><em>packages,”</em></ins></span> which shows the
values they
would like us to adopt: convenience above freedom. If we value freedom
more, we should call them “freedom-subtracted” packages.</p>
@@ -568,10 +589,13 @@
other useful software and documentation projects that, we thought, a
truly complete system ought to have.</p>
-<p>Today (1), hardly any Unix components are left in the GNU Task
+<span class="removed"><del><strong><p>Today (1),</strong></del></span>
+
+<span class="inserted"><ins><em><p>Today <a
href="#ft6">[6]</a>,</em></ins></span> hardly any Unix components are
left in the GNU Task
List—those jobs had been done, aside from a few inessential
ones. But the list is full of projects that some might call
-“applications”. Any program that appeals to more than a
+<span
class="removed"><del><strong>“applications”.</strong></del></span>
+<span class="inserted"><ins><em>“applications.”</em></ins></span>
Any program that appeals to more than a
narrow class of users would be a useful thing to add to an operating
system.</p>
@@ -581,16 +605,16 @@
list of games that Unix had. Instead, we listed a spectrum of
different kinds of games that users might like.</p>
-<p>(1) That was written in 1998. In 2009 we no longer maintain a long
+<span class="removed"><del><strong><p>(1) That was written in 1998. In
2009 we no longer maintain a long
task list. The community develops free software so fast that we can't
even keep track of it all. Instead, we have a list of High Priority
Projects, a much shorter list of projects we really want to encourage
-people to write.</p>
+people to write.</p></strong></del></span>
<h3>The GNU Library GPL</h3>
<p>The GNU C library uses a special kind of copyleft called the GNU
-Library General Public License(1), which gives permission to link
+Library General Public <span
class="removed"><del><strong>License(1),</strong></del></span> <span
class="inserted"><ins><em>License <a
href="#ft7">[7]</a>,</em></ins></span> which gives permission to link
proprietary software with the library. Why make this exception?</p>
<p>It is not a matter of principle; there is no principle that says
@@ -636,10 +660,10 @@
useful modules to serve as building blocks in new free software, and
adding up to a major advantage for further free software development.</p>
-<p>(1) This license is now called the GNU Lesser General Public License,
+<span class="removed"><del><strong><p>(1) This license is now called the
GNU Lesser General Public License,
to avoid giving the idea that all libraries ought to use it.
See <a href="/philosophy/why-not-lgpl.html">Why you shouldn't use the
-Lesser GPL for your next library</a> for more information.</p>
+Lesser GPL for your next library</a> for more
information.</p></strong></del></span>
<h3>Scratching an itch?</h3>
<p>
@@ -755,7 +779,7 @@
We call this system version <a href="/gnu/linux-and-gnu.html">
GNU/Linux</a>, to express its composition as a combination of the GNU
system with Linux as the kernel. Please don't fall into the practice
-of calling the whole system “Linux”, since that means
+of calling the whole system <span
class="removed"><del><strong>“Linux”,</strong></del></span> <span
class="inserted"><ins><em>“Linux,”</em></ins></span> since that
means
attributing our work to someone else.
Please <a href="/gnu/gnu-linux-faq.html"> give us equal
mention</a>.</p>
@@ -791,11 +815,12 @@
strong feeling that free software is a matter of principle, and
nonfree drivers are intolerable. And will large numbers of us spend
extra money, or even a little extra time, so we can use free drivers?
-Yes, if the determination to have freedom is widespread.</p>
+Yes, if the determination to have freedom is <span
class="removed"><del><strong>widespread.</p>
<p>
-(2008 note: this issue extends to the BIOS as well. There is a free
-BIOS, <span class="removed"><del><strong>coreboot;</strong></del></span> <span
class="inserted"><ins><em><a
href="http://www.libreboot.org/">LibreBoot</a> (a distribution of
coreboot);</em></ins></span> the problem is getting specs for machines so that
<span class="removed"><del><strong>coreboot</strong></del></span>
-<span class="inserted"><ins><em>LibreBoot</em></ins></span> can support <span
class="removed"><del><strong>them.)</p></strong></del></span> <span
class="inserted"><ins><em>them without nonfree
“blobs”.)</p></em></ins></span>
+(2008 note: this issue extends to the BIOS as well.
+There is a free BIOS, coreboot; the problem is getting specs
+for machines so that coreboot can support
them.)</p></strong></del></span> <span
class="inserted"><ins><em>widespread. <a
href="#ft8">[8]</a></p></em></ins></span>
+
<h3>Nonfree libraries</h3>
<p>
@@ -853,10 +878,10 @@
way to be sure, but I think that this was partly due to the
community's firm response to the problem that Qt posed when it was
nonfree. (The new license is inconvenient and inequitable, so it
-remains desirable to avoid using Qt.)</p>
+remains desirable to avoid using <span
class="removed"><del><strong>Qt.)</p>
<p>
[Subsequent note: in September 2000, Qt was rereleased under the GNU GPL,
-which essentially solved this problem.]</p>
+which essentially solved this problem.]</p></strong></del></span> <span
class="inserted"><ins><em>Qt. <a
href="#ft9">[9]</a>)</p></em></ins></span>
<p>
How will we respond to the next tempting nonfree library? Will the
whole community understand the need to stay out of the trap? Or will
@@ -869,12 +894,12 @@
algorithms and features off limits to free software for up to twenty
years. The LZW compression algorithm patents were applied for in
1983, and we still cannot release free software to produce proper
-compressed <span
class="removed"><del><strong><acronym</strong></del></span> <span
class="inserted"><ins><em><abbr</em></ins></span> title="Graphics
Interchange <span
class="removed"><del><strong>Format">GIF</acronym>s.</strong></del></span>
<span class="inserted"><ins><em>Format">GIF</abbr>s.</em></ins></span>
-[As of 2009 they have expired.] In 1998, a free program to produce
+compressed <span
class="removed"><del><strong><acronym</strong></del></span> <span
class="inserted"><ins><em><abbr</em></ins></span> title="Graphics
Interchange <span class="removed"><del><strong>Format">GIF</acronym>s.
+[As of 2009 they have expired.]</strong></del></span> <span
class="inserted"><ins><em>Format">GIF</abbr>s. <a
href="#ft10">[10]</a></em></ins></span>
+In 1998, a free program to produce
<span class="removed"><del><strong><acronym</strong></del></span>
<span class="inserted"><ins><em><abbr</em></ins></span> title="MPEG-1 Audio
Layer <span
class="removed"><del><strong>3">MP3</acronym></strong></del></span>
<span class="inserted"><ins><em>3">MP3</abbr></em></ins></span>
compressed audio
-was removed from distribution under threat of a patent <span
class="removed"><del><strong>suit.</p></strong></del></span> <span
class="inserted"><ins><em>suit. [As of
-2017, these patents have expired. Look how long we had to wait.]
+was removed from distribution under threat of a patent <span
class="removed"><del><strong>suit.</p></strong></del></span> <span
class="inserted"><ins><em>suit. <a href="#ft11">[11]</a>
</p></em></ins></span>
<p>
There are ways to cope with patents: we can search for evidence that a
@@ -946,7 +971,7 @@
<h3>We must talk about freedom</h3>
<p>
Estimates today are that there are ten million users of GNU/Linux
-systems such as Debian GNU/Linux and Red Hat “Linux”.
+systems such as Debian GNU/Linux and Red Hat <span
class="removed"><del><strong>“Linux”.</strong></del></span> <span
class="inserted"><ins><em>“Linux.”</em></ins></span>
Free software has developed such practical advantages that users are
flocking to it for purely practical reasons.</p>
<p>
@@ -999,7 +1024,7 @@
“Free software” and “open source” describe the
same category of software, more or less, but say different things
about the software, and about values. The GNU Project continues to
-use the term “free software”, to express the idea that
+use the term “free <span
class="removed"><del><strong>software”,</strong></del></span> <span
class="inserted"><ins><em>software,”</em></ins></span> to express the
idea that
freedom, not just technology, is important.</p>
<h3>Try!</h3>
@@ -1023,10 +1048,74 @@
can't take the future of freedom for granted. Don't take it for
granted! If you want to keep your freedom, you must be prepared to
defend it.</p>
+<span class="inserted"><ins><em><div class="column-limit"></div>
+
+<h3 class="footnote">Footnotes</h3>
+<ol>
+<li id="ft1">The use of “hacker” to mean “security
+breaker” is a confusion on the part of the mass media. We
+hackers refuse to recognize that meaning, and continue using the word
+to mean someone who loves to program, someone who enjoys playful
+cleverness, or the combination of the two. See my
+article, “<a
href="https://stallman.org/articles/on-hacking.html">On
+Hacking</a>.”</li>
+
+<li id="ft2">As an Atheist, I don't follow any religious leaders, but I
+sometimes find I admire something one of them has said.</li>
+
+<li id="ft3">In 1984 or 1985, Don Hopkins (a very imaginative fellow)
mailed me
+a letter. <a href="/graphics/copyleft-sticker.html">On the
envelope</a> he
+had written several amusing sayings,
+including this one: “Copyleft—all rights reversed.” I
+used the word “copyleft” to name the distribution concept
+I was developing at the time.</li>
+
+<li id="ft4">We now use the <a href="/licenses/fdl.html">GNU Free
+Documentation License</a> for documentation.</li>
+
+<li id="ft5">“Bourne Again Shell” is a play on the name
+“Bourne Shell,” which was the usual shell on Unix.</li>
+
+<li id="ft6">That was written in 1998. In 2009 we no longer maintain a
long
+task list. The community develops free software so fast that we can't
+even keep track of it all. Instead, we have a list of High Priority
+Projects, a much shorter list of projects we really want to encourage
+people to write.</li>
+
+<li id="ft7">This license is now called the GNU Lesser General Public
License,
+to avoid giving the idea that all libraries ought to use it.
+See <a href="/philosophy/why-not-lgpl.html">Why you shouldn't use the
+Lesser GPL for your next library</a> for more information.</li>
+
+<li id="ft8">2008 note: this issue extends to the BIOS as well. There
is a free
+BIOS, <a href="https://libreboot.org/">LibreBoot</a> (a
distribution of
+coreboot); the problem is getting specs for machines so that
+LibreBoot can support them without nonfree “blobs.”</li>
+
+<li id="ft9">In September 2000, Qt was rereleased under the GNU GPL,
+which essentially solved this problem.</li>
+
+<li id="ft10">As of 2009, the GIF patents have expired.</li>
+
+<li id="ft11">As of 2017, the MP3 patents have expired. Look how
+long we had to wait.</li>
+</ol>
+
+<div class="infobox extra" role="complementary">
+<hr />
+<p>
+Originally published in the book <cite>Open Sources</cite>.
Richard
+Stallman was <a href="/philosophy/open-source-misses-the-point.html">
+never a supporter of “open source”</a>, but contributed
+this article so that the ideas of the free software movement would not
+be entirely absent from that book.
+</p>
+</div>
+</div></em></ins></span>
</div><!-- for id="content", starts in the include above -->
<!--#include virtual="/server/footer.html" -->
-<div id="footer">
+<div <span
class="removed"><del><strong>id="footer"></strong></del></span> <span
class="inserted"><ins><em>id="footer" role="contentinfo"></em></ins></span>
<div class="unprintable">
<p>Please send general FSF & GNU inquiries to
@@ -1044,13 +1133,13 @@
to <a href="mailto:web-translators@gnu.org">
<web-translators@gnu.org></a>.</p>
- <p>For information on coordinating and submitting translations of
+ <p>For information on coordinating and <span
class="removed"><del><strong>submitting</strong></del></span> <span
class="inserted"><ins><em>contributing</em></ins></span> translations of
our web pages, see <a
href="/server/standards/README.translations.html">Translations
README</a>. -->
Please see the <a
href="/server/standards/README.translations.html">Translations
-README</a> for information on coordinating and submitting translations
+README</a> for information on coordinating and <span
class="removed"><del><strong>submitting</strong></del></span> <span
class="inserted"><ins><em>contributing</em></ins></span> translations
of this article.</p>
</div>
@@ -1071,7 +1160,7 @@
There is more detail about copyright years in the GNU Maintainers
Information document, www.gnu.org/prep/maintain. -->
-<p>Copyright © 1998, 2001, 2002, 2005, 2006, 2007, 2008, <span
class="removed"><del><strong>2010</strong></del></span> <span
class="inserted"><ins><em>2010, 2014, 2015, 2017, 2018, 2020</em></ins></span>
+<p>Copyright © 1998, <span class="removed"><del><strong>2001,
2002,</strong></del></span> 2005, <span class="removed"><del><strong>2006,
2007,</strong></del></span> 2008, <span
class="removed"><del><strong>2010</strong></del></span> <span
class="inserted"><ins><em>2010, 2012, 2015, 2017, 2018, 2021</em></ins></span>
Richard Stallman</p>
<p>This page is licensed under a <a rel="license"
@@ -1085,7 +1174,7 @@
<span class="inserted"><ins><em><p</em></ins></span>
class="unprintable">Updated:
<!-- timestamp start -->
-$Date: 2021/05/30 19:32:26 $
+$Date: 2021/10/24 07:31:38 $
<!-- timestamp end -->
</p>
</div>
Index: thegnuproject.hr.po
===================================================================
RCS file: /web/www/www/gnu/po/thegnuproject.hr.po,v
retrieving revision 1.30
retrieving revision 1.31
diff -u -b -r1.30 -r1.31
--- thegnuproject.hr.po 30 May 2021 19:32:26 -0000 1.30
+++ thegnuproject.hr.po 24 Oct 2021 07:31:38 -0000 1.31
@@ -8,7 +8,7 @@
msgid ""
msgstr ""
"Project-Id-Version: thegnuproject.html\n"
-"POT-Creation-Date: 2020-07-12 02:25+0000\n"
+"POT-Creation-Date: 2021-10-24 07:25+0000\n"
"PO-Revision-Date: 2014-03-06 22:05+0100\n"
"Last-Translator: Martina Bebek <martinaporec@pulsir.eu>\n"
"Language-Team: GNU Croatian Translation Team <www-hr-lista@gnu.org>\n"
@@ -31,42 +31,22 @@
"GNU, Projekt GNU, FSF, slobodni softver, Zaklada za slobodni softver, "
"povijest"
-#. type: Content of: <h2>
+#. type: Content of: <div><h2>
msgid "The GNU Project"
msgstr "Projekt GNU"
-#. type: Content of: <p>
-msgid ""
-"by <a href=\"http://www.stallman.org/\";><strong>Richard Stallman</strong></a>"
-msgstr ""
-"napisao <a href=\"http://www.stallman.org/\";><strong>Richard Stallman</"
-"strong></a>"
-
-#. type: Content of: <blockquote><p>
-msgid ""
-"Originally published in the book <em>Open Sources</em>. Richard Stallman "
-"was <a href=\"/philosophy/open-source-misses-the-point.html\"> never a "
-"supporter of “open source”</a>, but contributed this article so "
-"that the ideas of the free software movement would not be entirely absent "
-"from that book."
-msgstr ""
-"Izvorno objavljeno u knjizi <em>Otvoreni Izvori</em>. Richard Stallman <a "
-"href=\"/philosophy/open-source-misses-the-point.html\">nije nikada bio "
-"pobornik “otvorenog izvornog koda”</a> (“<i>open source</"
-"i>”), ali je pridonijeo ovaj Älanak tako da ideje pokreta slobodnog "
-"softvera ne budu u potpunosti odsutne iz te knjige."
-
-#. type: Content of: <blockquote><p>
-msgid ""
-"Why it is even more important than ever <a href=\"/philosophy/free-software-"
-"even-more-important.html\">to insist that the software we use be free</a>."
-msgstr ""
+#. type: Content of: <div><address>
+# || No change detected. The change might only be in amounts of spaces.
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid "by <a href=\"https://www.stallman.org/\";>Richard Stallman</a>"
+msgid "by <a href=\"https://www.stallman.org/\";>Richard Stallman</a>"
+msgstr "napisao <a href=\"https://www.stallman.org/\";>Richard Stallman</a>"
-#. type: Content of: <h3>
+#. type: Content of: <div><h3>
msgid "The first software-sharing community"
msgstr "Prva zajednica oko softvera za razmjenu"
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"When I started working at the <abbr title=\"Massachusetts Institute of "
"Technology\">MIT</abbr> Artificial Intelligence Lab in 1971, I became part "
@@ -82,15 +62,32 @@
"je kao i raÄunala, isto kao Å¡to je razmjena recepata stara isto kao i "
"kuhanje. Ali mi smo razmjenjivali viÅ¡e nego veÄina."
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
+# | The AI Lab used a timesharing operating system called <abbr
+# | title=\"Incompatible Timesharing System\">ITS</abbr> (the Incompatible
+# | Timesharing System) that the lab's staff [-hackers (1)-]
+# | {+hackers <a href=\"#ft1\">[1]</a>+} had designed and written in
+# | assembler language for the Digital <abbr title=\"Programmed Data
+# | Processor\">PDP</abbr>-10, one of the large computers of the era. As a
+# | member of this community, an AI Lab staff system hacker, my job was to
+# | improve this system.
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "The AI Lab used a timesharing operating system called <abbr title="
+#| "\"Incompatible Timesharing System\">ITS</abbr> (the Incompatible "
+#| "Timesharing System) that the lab's staff hackers (1) had designed and "
+#| "written in assembler language for the Digital <abbr title=\"Programmed "
+#| "Data Processor\">PDP</abbr>-10, one of the large computers of the era. "
+#| "As a member of this community, an AI Lab staff system hacker, my job was "
+#| "to improve this system."
msgid ""
"The AI Lab used a timesharing operating system called <abbr title="
"\"Incompatible Timesharing System\">ITS</abbr> (the Incompatible Timesharing "
-"System) that the lab's staff hackers (1) had designed and written in "
-"assembler language for the Digital <abbr title=\"Programmed Data Processor"
-"\">PDP</abbr>-10, one of the large computers of the era. As a member of "
-"this community, an AI Lab staff system hacker, my job was to improve this "
-"system."
+"System) that the lab's staff hackers <a href=\"#ft1\">[1]</a> had "
+"designed and written in assembler language for the Digital <abbr title="
+"\"Programmed Data Processor\">PDP</abbr>-10, one of the large computers of "
+"the era. As a member of this community, an AI Lab staff system hacker, my "
+"job was to improve this system."
msgstr ""
"Laboratorij za UI je koristio operativni sustav sa znaÄajkom dijeljenja "
"vremena (<i>timesharing</i>) zvan <abbr title=\"Incompatible Timesharing "
@@ -101,9 +98,24 @@
"haker sustava u osoblju Laboratorija za UI, moj posao je bio da poboljšam "
"taj sustav."
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
+# | We did not call our software “free [-software”,-]
+# | {+software,”+} because that term did not yet exist; but that is what
+# | it was. Whenever people from another university or a company wanted to
+# | port and use a program, we gladly let them. If you saw someone using an
+# | unfamiliar and interesting program, you could always ask to see the source
+# | code, so that you could read it, change it, or cannibalize parts of it to
+# | make a new program.
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "We did not call our software “free software”, because that "
+#| "term did not yet exist; but that is what it was. Whenever people from "
+#| "another university or a company wanted to port and use a program, we "
+#| "gladly let them. If you saw someone using an unfamiliar and interesting "
+#| "program, you could always ask to see the source code, so that you could "
+#| "read it, change it, or cannibalize parts of it to make a new program."
msgid ""
-"We did not call our software “free software”, because that term "
+"We did not call our software “free software,” because that term "
"did not yet exist; but that is what it was. Whenever people from another "
"university or a company wanted to port and use a program, we gladly let "
"them. If you saw someone using an unfamiliar and interesting program, you "
@@ -118,27 +130,17 @@
"izvorni kod, tako da biste ga mogli Äitati, izmijeniti, ili preuzeti "
"dijelove za prepravak da biste napravili novi program."
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><div><p>
msgid ""
-"(1) The use of “hacker” to mean “security breaker” "
-"is a confusion on the part of the mass media. We hackers refuse to "
-"recognize that meaning, and continue using the word to mean someone who "
-"loves to program, someone who enjoys playful cleverness, or the combination "
-"of the two. See my article, <a href=\"http://stallman.org/articles/on-";
-"hacking.html\">On Hacking</a>."
+"Why it is even more important than ever <a href=\"/philosophy/free-software-"
+"even-more-important.html\">to insist that the software we use be free</a>."
msgstr ""
-"(1) KoriÅ¡tenje termina “haker” u znaÄenju “prekrÅ¡itelja "
-"sigurnosnog sustava” je pometnja od strane masovnih medija. Mi, "
-"hakeri, odbijamo priznati to znaÄenje, i nastavljamo koristiti rijeÄ kao da
"
-"oznaÄava nekoga tko voli programirati, nekoga tko uživa u razigranoj "
-"bistrini, ili u kombinaciji tih dvoje. Pogledajte moj Älanak, <a href="
-"\"http://stallman.org/articles/on-hacking.html\";>O hakiranju</a>."
-#. type: Content of: <h3>
+#. type: Content of: <div><h3>
msgid "The collapse of the community"
msgstr "Kolaps zajednice"
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"The situation changed drastically in the early 1980s when Digital "
"discontinued the PDP-10 series. Its architecture, elegant and powerful in "
@@ -152,15 +154,32 @@
"izvodivima u 80-ima. To je znaÄilo da su skoro svi programi koji su "
"sastavljali ITS bili zastarjeli."
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
+# | The AI Lab hacker community had already collapsed, not long before. In
+# | 1981, the spin-off company Symbolics had hired away nearly all of the
+# | hackers from the AI Lab, and the depopulated community was unable to
+# | maintain itself. (The book [-Hackers,-] {+<cite>Hackers</cite>,+} by
+# | Steve Levy, describes these events, as well as giving a clear picture of
+# | this community in its prime.) When the AI Lab bought a new PDP-10 in
+# | 1982, its administrators decided to use Digital's nonfree timesharing
+# | system instead of ITS.
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "The AI Lab hacker community had already collapsed, not long before. In "
+#| "1981, the spin-off company Symbolics had hired away nearly all of the "
+#| "hackers from the AI Lab, and the depopulated community was unable to "
+#| "maintain itself. (The book Hackers, by Steve Levy, describes these "
+#| "events, as well as giving a clear picture of this community in its "
+#| "prime.) When the AI Lab bought a new PDP-10 in 1982, its administrators "
+#| "decided to use Digital's nonfree timesharing system instead of ITS."
msgid ""
"The AI Lab hacker community had already collapsed, not long before. In "
"1981, the spin-off company Symbolics had hired away nearly all of the "
"hackers from the AI Lab, and the depopulated community was unable to "
-"maintain itself. (The book Hackers, by Steve Levy, describes these events, "
-"as well as giving a clear picture of this community in its prime.) When the "
-"AI Lab bought a new PDP-10 in 1982, its administrators decided to use "
-"Digital's nonfree timesharing system instead of ITS."
+"maintain itself. (The book <cite>Hackers</cite>, by Steve Levy, describes "
+"these events, as well as giving a clear picture of this community in its "
+"prime.) When the AI Lab bought a new PDP-10 in 1982, its administrators "
+"decided to use Digital's nonfree timesharing system instead of ITS."
msgstr ""
"Hakerska zajednica Laboratorija za UI je, nedugo prije toga, kolapsirala. "
"1981., derivirana (<i>spin-off</i>) kompanija Symbolics je unajmila skoro "
@@ -171,7 +190,7 @@
"odluÄili koristiti neslobodni sustav dijeljenja vremena od tvrtke Digital "
"umjesto ITS-a."
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"The modern computers of the era, such as the VAX or the 68020, had their own "
"operating systems, but none of them were free software: you had to sign a "
@@ -182,7 +201,7 @@
"morali ste potpisati sporazum o tajnosti (<i>nondisclosure</i>) samo da "
"biste dobili izvršnu kopiju."
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"This meant that the first step in using a computer was to promise not to "
"help your neighbor. A cooperating community was forbidden. The rule made "
@@ -196,7 +215,7 @@
"“Ako razmjenjujete sa svojim susjedom, vi ste pirat. Ako želite neke "
"promjene, molite nas da ih napravimo.”"
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"The idea that the proprietary software social system—the system that "
"says you are not allowed to share or change software—is antisocial, "
@@ -218,11 +237,27 @@
"bave vlasniÄkim softverom. IzdavaÄi softvera su radili dugo i naporno da bi
"
"uvjerili ljude da postoji samo jedan naÄin da se gleda na taj problem."
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
+# | When software publishers talk about “enforcing” their
+# | “rights” or “stopping <a
+# | [-href=\"/philosophy/words-to-avoid.html#Piracy\">piracy</a>”,-]
+# | {+href=\"/philosophy/words-to-avoid.html#Piracy\">piracy</a>,”+}
+# | what they actually <em>say</em> is secondary. The real message of these
+# | statements is in the unstated assumptions they take for granted, which the
+# | public is asked to accept without examination. Let's therefore examine
+# | them.
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "When software publishers talk about “enforcing” their “"
+#| "rights” or “stopping <a href=\"/philosophy/words-to-avoid."
+#| "html#Piracy\">piracy</a>”, what they actually <em>say</em> is "
+#| "secondary. The real message of these statements is in the unstated "
+#| "assumptions they take for granted, which the public is asked to accept "
+#| "without examination. Let's therefore examine them."
msgid ""
"When software publishers talk about “enforcing” their “"
"rights” or “stopping <a href=\"/philosophy/words-to-avoid."
-"html#Piracy\">piracy</a>”, what they actually <em>say</em> is "
+"html#Piracy\">piracy</a>,” what they actually <em>say</em> is "
"secondary. The real message of these statements is in the unstated "
"assumptions they take for granted, which the public is asked to accept "
"without examination. Let's therefore examine them."
@@ -234,7 +269,7 @@
"zdravo za gotovo, koje je javnost pozvana da prihvati bez ispitivanja. "
"Hajdemo ih stoga ispitati. "
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"One assumption is that software companies have an unquestionable natural "
"right to own software and thus have power over all its users. (If this were "
@@ -251,7 +286,7 @@
"prirodno pravo, nego umjetan, od vlade nametnuti monopol koji ograniÄuje "
"korisniÄka prirodna prava na kopiranje."
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"Another unstated assumption is that the only important thing about software "
"is what jobs it allows you to do—that we computer users should not "
@@ -261,7 +296,7 @@
"poslove dopuÅ¡ta da napravite—da mi, raÄunalni korisnici ne bi trebali
"
"mariti za vrstu društva koje nam je dopušteno imati."
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"A third assumption is that we would have no usable software (or would never "
"have a program to do this or that particular job) if we did not offer a "
@@ -276,7 +311,7 @@
"softvera pokazao da možemo napraviti mnogo korisnog softvera bez da ga "
"ograniÄimo."
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"If we decline to accept these assumptions, and judge these issues based on "
"ordinary commonsense morality while placing the users first, we arrive at "
@@ -291,13 +326,31 @@
"i biti slobodni da razmjenjuju softver, jer pomaganje drugim ljudima je "
"temelj društva."
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
+# | There is no room here for an extensive statement of the reasoning behind
+# | this conclusion, so I refer the reader to [-the web pages <a
+# | href=\"/philosophy/why-free.html\">
+# | http://www.gnu.org/philosophy/why-free.html</a>-] {+“<a
+# | href=\"/philosophy/why-free.html\">Why Software Should Not Have
+# | Owners</a>,”+} and [-<a
+# | href=\"/philosophy/free-software-even-more-important.html\">
+# | http://www.gnu.org/philosophy/free-software-even-more-important.html</a>.-]
+# | {+“<a
+# | href=\"/philosophy/free-software-even-more-important.html\">Free Software
+# | Is Even More Important Now</a>.”+}
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "There is no room here for an extensive statement of the reasoning behind "
+#| "this conclusion, so I refer the reader to the web pages <a href=\"/"
+#| "philosophy/why-free.html\"> http://www.gnu.org/philosophy/why-free.html</"
+#| "a> and <a href=\"/philosophy/free-software-even-more-important.html\"> "
+#| "http://www.gnu.org/philosophy/free-software-even-more-important.html</a>."
msgid ""
"There is no room here for an extensive statement of the reasoning behind "
-"this conclusion, so I refer the reader to the web pages <a href=\"/"
-"philosophy/why-free.html\"> http://www.gnu.org/philosophy/why-free.html</a> "
-"and <a href=\"/philosophy/free-software-even-more-important.html\"> http://";
-"www.gnu.org/philosophy/free-software-even-more-important.html</a>."
+"this conclusion, so I refer the reader to “<a href=\"/philosophy/why-"
+"free.html\">Why Software Should Not Have Owners</a>,” and “<a "
+"href=\"/philosophy/free-software-even-more-important.html\">Free Software Is "
+"Even More Important Now</a>.”"
msgstr ""
"Ovdje nema mjesta za opsežnu izjavu o logici iza ovoga zakljuÄka, stoga "
"upuÄujem Äitatelja na mrežne stranice <a href=\"/philosophy/why-free.html"
@@ -305,11 +358,11 @@
"more-important.html\"> http://www.gnu.org/philosophy/free-software-even-more-";
"important.html</a>."
-#. type: Content of: <h3>
+#. type: Content of: <div><h3>
msgid "A stark moral choice"
msgstr "Izraziti moralni izbor"
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"With my community gone, to continue as before was impossible. Instead, I "
"faced a stark moral choice."
@@ -317,7 +370,7 @@
"Kada je moja zajednica nestala, nastavak u istome tonu je postao nemoguÄim. "
"Umjesto toga, suoÄio sam se sa izrazitim moralnim izborom."
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"The easy choice was to join the proprietary software world, signing "
"nondisclosure agreements and promising not to help my fellow hacker. Most "
@@ -330,7 +383,7 @@
"Najvjerojatnije bi isto razvijao softver objavljen pod sporazumima o "
"tajnosti, dakle dodajuÄi pritisak na druge ljude da isto izdaju svoje
kolege."
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"I could have made money this way, and perhaps amused myself writing code. "
"But I knew that at the end of my career, I would look back on years of "
@@ -342,7 +395,7 @@
"zidova da razdvojim ljude, osjeÄajuÄi da sam proveo svoj život radeÄi
svijet "
"gorim mjestom."
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"I had already experienced being on the receiving end of a nondisclosure "
"agreement, when someone refused to give me and the MIT AI Lab the source "
@@ -360,7 +413,7 @@
"je on odbio dijeliti sa nama; nisam mogao zauzvrat napraviti istu stvar svim "
"drugima."
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"Another choice, straightforward but unpleasant, was to leave the computer "
"field. That way my skills would not be misused, but they would still be "
@@ -372,7 +425,7 @@
"potroÅ¡ene. Ne bi bio kriv za razdjeljivanje i ograniÄavanje raÄunalnih "
"korisnika, ali bi se to svejedno dogodilo."
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"So I looked for a way that a programmer could do something for the good. I "
"asked myself, was there a program or programs that I could write, so as to "
@@ -382,7 +435,7 @@
"dobrobit. Pitao sam sebe, da li postoji program ili programi koje bi mogao "
"napisati, u cilju ponovnog raÄenja zajednice moguÄom?"
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"The answer was clear: what was needed first was an operating system. That "
"is the crucial software for starting to use a computer. With an operating "
@@ -399,7 +452,24 @@
"suraÄuju—i pozvati svih da se pridruže. I svatko bi mogao koristiti "
"raÄunalo bez da zapoÄne urotom liÅ¡iti njegove ili njezine prijatelje."
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
+# | As an operating system developer, I had the right skills for this job. So
+# | even though I could not take success for granted, I realized that I was
+# | elected to do the job. I chose to make the system compatible with Unix so
+# | that it would be portable, and so that Unix users could easily switch to
+# | it. The name GNU was chosen, following a hacker tradition, as a recursive
+# | acronym for “GNU's Not Unix.” It is pronounced as <a
+# | href=\"/gnu/pronunciation.html\">one syllable with a [-hard g</a>.-]
+# | {+hard <i>g</i></a>.+}
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "As an operating system developer, I had the right skills for this job. "
+#| "So even though I could not take success for granted, I realized that I "
+#| "was elected to do the job. I chose to make the system compatible with "
+#| "Unix so that it would be portable, and so that Unix users could easily "
+#| "switch to it. The name GNU was chosen, following a hacker tradition, as "
+#| "a recursive acronym for “GNU's Not Unix.” It is pronounced as "
+#| "<a href=\"/gnu/pronunciation.html\">one syllable with a hard g</a>."
msgid ""
"As an operating system developer, I had the right skills for this job. So "
"even though I could not take success for granted, I realized that I was "
@@ -407,7 +477,7 @@
"that it would be portable, and so that Unix users could easily switch to "
"it. The name GNU was chosen, following a hacker tradition, as a recursive "
"acronym for “GNU's Not Unix.” It is pronounced as <a href=\"/gnu/"
-"pronunciation.html\">one syllable with a hard g</a>."
+"pronunciation.html\">one syllable with a hard <i>g</i></a>."
msgstr ""
"Kao developer operativnih sustava, imao sam prave vještine za taj posao. "
"Iako nisam mogao uzeti uspjeh zdravo za gotovo, shvatio sam da sam odabran "
@@ -417,7 +487,7 @@
"tradiciju, kao rekurzivni akronim za “GNU Nije Unix.” <a href=\"/"
"gnu/pronunciation.html\">Izgovara se</a> kako se i piše."
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"An operating system does not mean just a kernel, barely enough to run other "
"programs. In the 1970s, every operating system worthy of the name included "
@@ -433,39 +503,37 @@
"još mnogo toga. ITS ih je imao, Multics ih je imao, VMS ih je imao, i Unix "
"ih je imao. GNU operativni sustav Äe ih isto ukljuÄiti."
-#. type: Content of: <p>
-msgid "Later I heard these words, attributed to Hillel (1):"
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
+# | Later I heard these words, attributed to [-Hillel (1):-] {+Hillel <a
+# | href=\"#ft2\">[2]</a>:+}
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid "Later I heard these words, attributed to Hillel (1):"
+msgid ""
+"Later I heard these words, attributed to Hillel <a href=\"#ft2\">[2]</"
+"a>:"
msgstr "Kasnije sam Äuo ove rijeÄi, pripisane Hillelu (1):"
-#. type: Content of: <blockquote><p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><blockquote><p>
msgid "If I am not for myself, who will be for me?"
msgstr "Ako nisam za sebe, tko Äe biti za mene?"
-#. type: Content of: <blockquote><p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><blockquote><p>
msgid "If I am only for myself, what am I?"
msgstr "Ako sam samo za sebe, Å¡to sam ja?"
-#. type: Content of: <blockquote><p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><blockquote><p>
msgid "If not now, when?"
msgstr "Ako ne sada, kada?"
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid "The decision to start the GNU Project was based on a similar spirit."
msgstr "Odluka da se zapoÄne GNU Projekt je bila utemeljena u sliÄnom duhu."
-#. type: Content of: <p>
-msgid ""
-"(1) As an Atheist, I don't follow any religious leaders, but I sometimes "
-"find I admire something one of them has said."
-msgstr ""
-"(1) Kao ateist, ne slijedim religijske voÄe, ali ponekad se divim nekim "
-"njihovim rijeÄima."
-
-#. type: Content of: <h3>
+#. type: Content of: <div><h3>
msgid "Free as in freedom"
msgstr "Slobodno kao u slobodi"
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"The term “free software” is sometimes misunderstood—it has "
"nothing to do with price. It is about freedom. Here, therefore, is the "
@@ -475,15 +543,15 @@
"nema veze sa cijenom. On govori o slobodi. Ovo je, prema tome, definicija "
"slobodnoga softvera."
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid "A program is free software, for you, a particular user, if:"
msgstr "Program je slobodan softver, za vas, partikularnoga korisnika, ako:"
-#. type: Content of: <ul><li>
+#. type: Content of: <div><ul><li>
msgid "You have the freedom to run the program as you wish, for any purpose."
msgstr "Imate slobodu da pokrenete program kako želite, za bilo koji cilj."
-#. type: Content of: <ul><li>
+#. type: Content of: <div><ul><li>
msgid ""
"You have the freedom to modify the program to suit your needs. (To make "
"this freedom effective in practice, you must have access to the source code, "
@@ -494,13 +562,13 @@
"sloboda bude efektivna u praksi, morate imati pristup izvornome kodu, pošto "
"je izmjenjivanje programa bez izvornoga koda iznimno teško.)"
-#. type: Content of: <ul><li>
+#. type: Content of: <div><ul><li>
msgid ""
"You have the freedom to redistribute copies, either gratis or for a fee."
msgstr ""
"Imate slobodu ponovne distribucije kopija, bilo besplatno ili za cijenu."
-#. type: Content of: <ul><li>
+#. type: Content of: <div><ul><li>
msgid ""
"You have the freedom to distribute modified versions of the program, so that "
"the community can benefit from your improvements."
@@ -508,7 +576,7 @@
"Imate slobodu distribucije izmijenjenih verzija programa, tako da zajednica "
"može imati korist od vaših poboljšanja."
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"Since “free” refers to freedom, not to price, there is no "
"contradiction between selling copies and free software. In fact, the "
@@ -525,14 +593,34 @@
"program kojeg ljudi nisu slobodni ukljuÄiti u te kolekcije nije slobodan "
"softver."
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
+# | Because of the ambiguity of [-“free”,-]
+# | {+“free,”+} people have long looked for alternatives, but no
+# | one has found a better term. The English language has more words and
+# | nuances than any other, but it lacks a simple, unambiguous, word that
+# | means [-“free”,-] {+“free,”+} as in
+# | freedom—“unfettered” being the word that comes closest
+# | in meaning. Such alternatives as [-“liberated”,
+# | “freedom”,-] {+“liberated,”
+# | “freedom,”+} and “open” have either the wrong
+# | meaning or some other disadvantage.
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "Because of the ambiguity of “free”, people have long looked "
+#| "for alternatives, but no one has found a better term. The English "
+#| "language has more words and nuances than any other, but it lacks a "
+#| "simple, unambiguous, word that means “free”, as in "
+#| "freedom—“unfettered” being the word that comes closest "
+#| "in meaning. Such alternatives as “liberated”, “"
+#| "freedom”, and “open” have either the wrong meaning or "
+#| "some other disadvantage."
msgid ""
-"Because of the ambiguity of “free”, people have long looked for "
+"Because of the ambiguity of “free,” people have long looked for "
"alternatives, but no one has found a better term. The English language has "
"more words and nuances than any other, but it lacks a simple, unambiguous, "
-"word that means “free”, as in freedom—“"
+"word that means “free,” as in freedom—“"
"unfettered” being the word that comes closest in meaning. Such "
-"alternatives as “liberated”, “freedom”, and “"
+"alternatives as “liberated,” “freedom,” and “"
"open” have either the wrong meaning or some other disadvantage."
msgstr ""
"Zbog dvosmislenosti “slobodnog”, ljudi su odavna tražili "
@@ -543,11 +631,11 @@
"alternative kao “osloboÄen”, “sloboda” i “"
"otvoren” imaju ili krivo znaÄenje ili neki drugi hendikep."
-#. type: Content of: <h3>
+#. type: Content of: <div><h3>
msgid "GNU software and the GNU system"
msgstr "GNU softver i GNU sustav"
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"Developing a whole system is a very large project. To bring it into reach, "
"I decided to adapt and use existing pieces of free software wherever that "
@@ -562,7 +650,7 @@
"odluÄio sam iskoristiti X Window System, radije nego pisati novi grafiÄki "
"sustav za GNU."
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"Because of these decisions, and others like them, the GNU system is not the "
"same as the collection of all GNU software. The GNU system includes "
@@ -575,11 +663,11 @@
"softver, programe koje su razvili drugi ljudi i projekte za njihove vlastite "
"ciljeve, ali koje možemo koristiti jer su slobodan softver."
-#. type: Content of: <h3>
+#. type: Content of: <div><h3>
msgid "Commencing the project"
msgstr "PoÄetak projekta"
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"In January 1984 I quit my job at MIT and began writing GNU software. "
"Leaving MIT was necessary so that MIT would not be able to interfere with "
@@ -598,7 +686,7 @@
"veliki opseg posla samo da vidim kako postaje beskoristan za njegov "
"namijenjeni cilj: stvaranje nove zajednice oko softvera za razmjenu."
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"However, Professor Winston, then the head of the MIT AI Lab, kindly invited "
"me to keep using the lab's facilities."
@@ -606,15 +694,29 @@
"MeÄutim, profesor Winston, tada glavni u MIT UI Laboratoriju, ljubazno me "
"pozvao da nastavim koristiti postrojenja laboratorija."
-#. type: Content of: <h3>
+#. type: Content of: <div><h3>
msgid "The first steps"
msgstr "Prvi koraci"
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
+# | Shortly before beginning the GNU Project, I heard about the Free
+# | University Compiler Kit, also known as VUCK. (The Dutch word for
+# | “free” is written with a [-<em>v</em>.)-] {+<i>v</i>.)+} This
+# | was a compiler designed to handle multiple languages, including C and
+# | Pascal, and to support multiple target machines. I wrote to its author
+# | asking if GNU could use it.
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "Shortly before beginning the GNU Project, I heard about the Free "
+#| "University Compiler Kit, also known as VUCK. (The Dutch word for “"
+#| "free” is written with a <em>v</em>.) This was a compiler designed "
+#| "to handle multiple languages, including C and Pascal, and to support "
+#| "multiple target machines. I wrote to its author asking if GNU could use "
+#| "it."
msgid ""
"Shortly before beginning the GNU Project, I heard about the Free University "
"Compiler Kit, also known as VUCK. (The Dutch word for “free” is "
-"written with a <em>v</em>.) This was a compiler designed to handle multiple "
+"written with a <i>v</i>.) This was a compiler designed to handle multiple "
"languages, including C and Pascal, and to support multiple target machines. "
"I wrote to its author asking if GNU could use it."
msgstr ""
@@ -625,7 +727,7 @@
"ciljne strojeve. Pisao sam njegovu autoru sa pitanjem da li ga GNU može "
"koristiti."
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"He responded derisively, stating that the university was free but the "
"compiler was not. I therefore decided that my first program for the GNU "
@@ -635,7 +737,7 @@
"kompajler nije. Prema tome sam odluÄio da Äe moj prvi program za GNU
Projekt "
"biti viÅ¡ejeziÄan, viÅ¡eplatformski kompajler."
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"Hoping to avoid the need to write the whole compiler myself, I obtained the "
"source code for the Pastel compiler, which was a multiplatform compiler "
@@ -655,11 +757,31 @@
"potrebuje mnogo megabajta stog (<i>stack</i>) prostora, dok je dostupni "
"68000 Unix sustav samo dozvoljavao 64k."
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
+# | I then realized that the Pastel compiler functioned by parsing the entire
+# | input file into a syntax tree, converting the whole syntax tree into a
+# | chain of [-“instructions”,-] {+“instructions,”+}
+# | and then generating the whole output file, without ever freeing any
+# | storage. At this point, I concluded I would have to write a new compiler
+# | from scratch. That new compiler is now known as <abbr title=\"GNU
+# | Compiler Collection\">GCC</abbr>; none of the Pastel compiler is used in
+# | it, but I managed to adapt and use the C front end that I had written.
+# | But that was some years later; first, I worked on GNU Emacs.
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "I then realized that the Pastel compiler functioned by parsing the entire "
+#| "input file into a syntax tree, converting the whole syntax tree into a "
+#| "chain of “instructions”, and then generating the whole output "
+#| "file, without ever freeing any storage. At this point, I concluded I "
+#| "would have to write a new compiler from scratch. That new compiler is "
+#| "now known as <abbr title=\"GNU Compiler Collection\">GCC</abbr>; none of "
+#| "the Pastel compiler is used in it, but I managed to adapt and use the C "
+#| "front end that I had written. But that was some years later; first, I "
+#| "worked on GNU Emacs."
msgid ""
"I then realized that the Pastel compiler functioned by parsing the entire "
"input file into a syntax tree, converting the whole syntax tree into a chain "
-"of “instructions”, and then generating the whole output file, "
+"of “instructions,” and then generating the whole output file, "
"without ever freeing any storage. At this point, I concluded I would have "
"to write a new compiler from scratch. That new compiler is now known as "
"<abbr title=\"GNU Compiler Collection\">GCC</abbr>; none of the Pastel "
@@ -676,11 +798,11 @@
"njemu, ali sam uspio prilagoditi i iskoristiti C suÄelje koje sam napisao. "
"Ali to je bilo nekoliko godina kasnije; prvo sam radio na GNU Emacs-u."
-#. type: Content of: <h3>
+#. type: Content of: <div><h3>
msgid "GNU Emacs"
msgstr "GNU Emacs"
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"I began work on GNU Emacs in September 1984, and in early 1985 it was "
"beginning to be usable. This enabled me to begin using Unix systems to do "
@@ -692,7 +814,7 @@
"ureÄivanje; bez interesa da nauÄim koristiti vi ili ed, do tada sam radio "
"ureÄivanje na drugim vrstama strojeva."
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"At this point, people began wanting to use GNU Emacs, which raised the "
"question of how to distribute it. Of course, I put it on the anonymous ftp "
@@ -712,7 +834,7 @@
"bili na Internetu i nisu mogli preuzeti kopiju ftp-om. Dakle pitanje je "
"bilo, Å¡to Äu njima reÄi?"
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"I could have said, “Find a friend who is on the net and who will make "
"a copy for you.” Or I could have done what I did with the original "
@@ -734,11 +856,11 @@
"distribucije slobodnog softvera, prethodnik kompanija koje danas "
"distribuiraju cijele distribucije GNU/Linux sustava."
-#. type: Content of: <h3>
+#. type: Content of: <div><h3>
msgid "Is a program free for every user?"
msgstr "Da li je program slobodan za svakog korisnika?"
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"If a program is free software when it leaves the hands of its author, this "
"does not necessarily mean it will be free software for everyone who has a "
@@ -758,7 +880,7 @@
"jednostavnim popustljivim licencama koje dopuÅ¡taju vlasniÄke izmijenjene "
"verzije."
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"The paradigmatic example of this problem is the X Window System. Developed "
"at MIT, and released as free software with a permissive license, it was soon "
@@ -773,11 +895,23 @@
"sporazumom o tajnosti. Te X kopije više nisu bile slobodni softver, isto kao
"
"Å¡to i Unix nije bio."
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
+# | The developers of the X Window System did not consider this a
+# | problem—they expected and intended this to happen. Their goal was
+# | not freedom, just [-“success”,-] {+“success,”+}
+# | defined as “having many users.” They did not care whether
+# | these users had freedom, only that they should be numerous.
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "The developers of the X Window System did not consider this a "
+#| "problem—they expected and intended this to happen. Their goal was "
+#| "not freedom, just “success”, defined as “having many "
+#| "users.” They did not care whether these users had freedom, only "
+#| "that they should be numerous."
msgid ""
"The developers of the X Window System did not consider this a problem—"
"they expected and intended this to happen. Their goal was not freedom, just "
-"“success”, defined as “having many users.” They did "
+"“success,” defined as “having many users.” They did "
"not care whether these users had freedom, only that they should be numerous."
msgstr ""
"Developeri X Windows System-a nisu to smatrali problemom—oni su "
@@ -786,7 +920,7 @@
"Oni nisu marili da li ti korisnici imaju slobodu, samo da bi trebali biti "
"brojni."
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"This led to a paradoxical situation where two different ways of counting the "
"amount of freedom gave different answers to the question, “Is this "
@@ -804,23 +938,34 @@
"reÄi da je X vlasniÄki softver. VeÄina X korisnika su pokretali vlasniÄke
"
"inaÄice koje su dolazile sa Unix sustavima, ne slobodne verzije."
-#. type: Content of: <h3>
+#. type: Content of: <div><h3>
msgid "Copyleft and the GNU GPL"
msgstr "Copyleft i GNU GPL"
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
+# | The goal of GNU was to give users freedom, not just to be popular. So we
+# | needed to use distribution terms that would prevent GNU software from
+# | being turned into proprietary software. The method we use is called
+# | [-“copyleft”.(1)-] {+“copyleft” <a
+# | href=\"#ft3\">[3]</a>.+}
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "The goal of GNU was to give users freedom, not just to be popular. So we "
+#| "needed to use distribution terms that would prevent GNU software from "
+#| "being turned into proprietary software. The method we use is called "
+#| "“copyleft”.(1)"
msgid ""
"The goal of GNU was to give users freedom, not just to be popular. So we "
"needed to use distribution terms that would prevent GNU software from being "
"turned into proprietary software. The method we use is called “"
-"copyleft”.(1)"
+"copyleft” <a href=\"#ft3\">[3]</a>."
msgstr ""
"Cilj GNU-a je bio dati korisnicima slobodu, ne samo biti popularan. Tako smo "
"trebali koristiti distribucijska pravila koja bi sprijeÄila da GNU softver "
"bude pretvoren u vlasniÄki softver. Metoda koju koristimo se zove “"
"copyleft”.(1)"
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"Copyleft uses copyright law, but flips it over to serve the opposite of its "
"usual purpose: instead of a means for restricting a program, it becomes a "
@@ -830,7 +975,7 @@
"da služi suprotno od uobiÄajene svrhe: umjesto sredstvo ograniÄenja "
"programa, postaje sredstvo održavanja programa slobodnim."
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"The central idea of copyleft is that we give everyone permission to run the "
"program, copy the program, modify the program, and distribute modified "
@@ -844,7 +989,7 @@
"slobode koje definiraju “slobodni softver” su garantirane svima "
"koji imaju kopiju; postaju neotuÄiva prava."
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"For an effective copyleft, modified versions must also be free. This "
"ensures that work based on ours becomes available to our community if it is "
@@ -860,7 +1005,7 @@
"da kažu: “Vi ne možete razmjenjivati te izmjene, jer Äemo ih "
"iskoristiti da napravimo naÅ¡u vlasniÄku inaÄicu programa.”"
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"The requirement that changes must be free is essential if we want to ensure "
"freedom for every user of the program. The companies that privatized the X "
@@ -877,7 +1022,7 @@
"da se ospori korisnicima sloboda, bilo bi lagano za svakoga da iskoristi "
"ispriku."
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"A related issue concerns combining a free program with nonfree code. Such a "
"combination would inevitably be nonfree; whichever freedoms are lacking for "
@@ -895,13 +1040,27 @@
"kombinirano sa programom pod copyleftom mora biti takvo da veÄa kombinirana "
"verzija bude isto slobodna i pod copyleftom."
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
+# | The specific implementation of copyleft that we use for most GNU software
+# | is the GNU General Public License, or GNU GPL for short. We have other
+# | kinds of copyleft that are used in specific circumstances. GNU manuals
+# | are copylefted also, but use a much simpler kind of copyleft, because the
+# | complexity of the GNU GPL is not necessary for [-manuals.(2)-]
+# | {+manuals. <a href=\"#ft4\">[4]</a>+}
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "The specific implementation of copyleft that we use for most GNU software "
+#| "is the GNU General Public License, or GNU GPL for short. We have other "
+#| "kinds of copyleft that are used in specific circumstances. GNU manuals "
+#| "are copylefted also, but use a much simpler kind of copyleft, because the "
+#| "complexity of the GNU GPL is not necessary for manuals.(2)"
msgid ""
"The specific implementation of copyleft that we use for most GNU software is "
"the GNU General Public License, or GNU GPL for short. We have other kinds "
"of copyleft that are used in specific circumstances. GNU manuals are "
"copylefted also, but use a much simpler kind of copyleft, because the "
-"complexity of the GNU GPL is not necessary for manuals.(2)"
+"complexity of the GNU GPL is not necessary for manuals. <a href="
+"\"#ft4\">[4]</a>"
msgstr ""
"SpecifiÄna implementacija copylefta kojeg koristimo za veÄinu GNU softvera "
"je GNU opÄa javna licenca (<i>GNU General Public License</i>), ili GNU GPL "
@@ -909,37 +1068,34 @@
"GNU priruÄnici su isto pod copyleftom, ali koriste mnogo jednostavniju vrstu
"
"copylefta, jer kompleksnost GNU GPL-a nije nužna za priruÄnike.(2)"
-#. type: Content of: <p>
-msgid ""
-"(1) In 1984 or 1985, Don Hopkins (a very imaginative fellow) mailed me a "
-"letter. On the envelope he had written several amusing sayings, including "
-"this one: “Copyleft—all rights reversed.” I used the word "
-"“copyleft” to name the distribution concept I was developing at "
-"the time."
-msgstr ""
-"(1) U 1984. ili 1985., Don Hopkins (vrlo maÅ¡tovit Äovjek) mi je poslao "
-"pismo. Na koverti je napisao nekoliko zabavnih dosjetki, ukljuÄujuÄi ovu: "
-"“Copyleft—sva prava preokrenuta.” Ja sam koristio rijeÄ "
-"“copyleft” da bi dao ime distribucijskom konceptu kojeg sam "
-"razvijao u to vrijeme."
-
-#. type: Content of: <p>
-msgid ""
-"(2) We now use the <a href=\"/licenses/fdl.html\">GNU Free Documentation "
-"License</a> for documentation."
-msgstr ""
-"(2) Sada koristimo <a href=\"/licenses/fdl.html\">GNU licencu slobodne "
-"dokumentacije (<i>GNU Free Documentation License</i>)</a> za dokumentaciju."
-
-#. type: Content of: <h3>
+#. type: Content of: <div><h3>
msgid "The Free Software Foundation"
msgstr "Zaklada za slobodan softver"
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
+# | As interest in using Emacs was growing, other people became involved in
+# | the GNU project, and we decided that it was time to seek funding once
+# | again. So in 1985 we created the <a
+# | href=\"http{+s+}://www.fsf.org/\">Free Software Foundation</a> (FSF), a
+# | tax-exempt charity for free software development. The <abbr title=\"Free
+# | Software Foundation\">FSF</abbr> also took over the Emacs tape
+# | distribution business; later it extended this by adding other free
+# | software (both GNU and non-GNU) to the tape, and by selling free manuals
+# | as well.
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "As interest in using Emacs was growing, other people became involved in "
+#| "the GNU project, and we decided that it was time to seek funding once "
+#| "again. So in 1985 we created the <a href=\"http://www.fsf.org/\";>Free "
+#| "Software Foundation</a> (FSF), a tax-exempt charity for free software "
+#| "development. The <abbr title=\"Free Software Foundation\">FSF</abbr> "
+#| "also took over the Emacs tape distribution business; later it extended "
+#| "this by adding other free software (both GNU and non-GNU) to the tape, "
+#| "and by selling free manuals as well."
msgid ""
"As interest in using Emacs was growing, other people became involved in the "
"GNU project, and we decided that it was time to seek funding once again. So "
-"in 1985 we created the <a href=\"http://www.fsf.org/\";>Free Software "
+"in 1985 we created the <a href=\"https://www.fsf.org/\";>Free Software "
"Foundation</a> (FSF), a tax-exempt charity for free software development. "
"The <abbr title=\"Free Software Foundation\">FSF</abbr> also took over the "
"Emacs tape distribution business; later it extended this by adding other "
@@ -956,16 +1112,37 @@
"slobodnog softvera (GNU i ne-GNU) na traku, i isto tako, prodajom slobodnih "
"priruÄnika."
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
+# | Most of the FSF's income used to come from sales of copies of free
+# | software and of other related services (CD-ROMs of source code, CD-ROMs
+# | with binaries, nicely printed manuals, all with the freedom to
+# | redistribute and modify), and Deluxe Distributions (distributions for
+# | which we built the whole collection of software for the customer's choice
+# | of platform). Today the FSF still <a href=\"http{+s+}://shop.fsf.org/\">
+# | sells manuals and other gear</a>, but it gets the bulk of its funding from
+# | members' dues. You can join the FSF at <a
+# | [-href=\"http://fsf.org/join\";>fsf.org</a>.-]
+# | {+href=\"https://my.fsf.org/join\";>fsf.org</a>.+}
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "Most of the FSF's income used to come from sales of copies of free "
+#| "software and of other related services (CD-ROMs of source code, CD-ROMs "
+#| "with binaries, nicely printed manuals, all with the freedom to "
+#| "redistribute and modify), and Deluxe Distributions (distributions for "
+#| "which we built the whole collection of software for the customer's choice "
+#| "of platform). Today the FSF still <a href=\"http://shop.fsf.org/\";> "
+#| "sells manuals and other gear</a>, but it gets the bulk of its funding "
+#| "from members' dues. You can join the FSF at <a href=\"http://fsf.org/join";
+#| "\">fsf.org</a>."
msgid ""
"Most of the FSF's income used to come from sales of copies of free software "
"and of other related services (CD-ROMs of source code, CD-ROMs with "
"binaries, nicely printed manuals, all with the freedom to redistribute and "
"modify), and Deluxe Distributions (distributions for which we built the "
"whole collection of software for the customer's choice of platform). Today "
-"the FSF still <a href=\"http://shop.fsf.org/\";> sells manuals and other "
+"the FSF still <a href=\"https://shop.fsf.org/\";> sells manuals and other "
"gear</a>, but it gets the bulk of its funding from members' dues. You can "
-"join the FSF at <a href=\"http://fsf.org/join\";>fsf.org</a>."
+"join the FSF at <a href=\"https://my.fsf.org/join\";>fsf.org</a>."
msgstr ""
"VeÄina FSF prihoda je dolazila od prodaje kopija slobodnog softvera i drugih
"
"srodnih usluga (CD-ROM-ovi izvornoga koda, CD-ROM-ovi sa binarnim "
@@ -976,7 +1153,24 @@
"drugu opremu</a>, ali dobiva glavni dio financiranja od Älanarina. Vi se "
"možete pridružiti FSF na <a href=\"http://fsf.org/join\";>fsf.org</a>."
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
+# | Free Software Foundation employees have written and maintained a number of
+# | GNU software packages. Two notable ones are the C library and the shell.
+# | The GNU C library is what every program running on a GNU/Linux system uses
+# | to communicate with Linux. It was developed by a member of the Free
+# | Software Foundation staff, Roland McGrath. The shell used on most
+# | GNU/Linux systems is <abbr title=\"Bourne Again Shell\">BASH</abbr>, the
+# | Bourne Again [-Shell(1),-] {+SHell <a href=\"#ft5\">[5]</a>,+} which
+# | was developed by FSF employee Brian Fox.
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "Free Software Foundation employees have written and maintained a number "
+#| "of GNU software packages. Two notable ones are the C library and the "
+#| "shell. The GNU C library is what every program running on a GNU/Linux "
+#| "system uses to communicate with Linux. It was developed by a member of "
+#| "the Free Software Foundation staff, Roland McGrath. The shell used on "
+#| "most GNU/Linux systems is <abbr title=\"Bourne Again Shell\">BASH</abbr>, "
+#| "the Bourne Again Shell(1), which was developed by FSF employee Brian Fox."
msgid ""
"Free Software Foundation employees have written and maintained a number of "
"GNU software packages. Two notable ones are the C library and the shell. "
@@ -984,7 +1178,8 @@
"to communicate with Linux. It was developed by a member of the Free "
"Software Foundation staff, Roland McGrath. The shell used on most GNU/Linux "
"systems is <abbr title=\"Bourne Again Shell\">BASH</abbr>, the Bourne Again "
-"Shell(1), which was developed by FSF employee Brian Fox."
+"SHell <a href=\"#ft5\">[5]</a>, which was developed by FSF employee "
+"Brian Fox."
msgstr ""
"Zaposlenici Zaklade za slobodan softver su napisali i održavaju velik broj "
"GNU softverskih paketa. Dva znaÄajna su C biblioteka i ljuska (<i>shell</"
@@ -995,7 +1190,7 @@
"\">BASH</abbr>, Bourne Again Shell (1), koja je razvijena od strane FSF "
"zaposlenika: Brian Fox."
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"We funded development of these programs because the GNU Project was not just "
"about tools or a development environment. Our goal was a complete operating "
@@ -1005,19 +1200,11 @@
"ili razvojno okruženje. Naš cilj je bio potpuni operativni sustav, i ti "
"programi su bili potrebni za taj cilj."
-#. type: Content of: <p>
-msgid ""
-"(1) “Bourne Again Shell” is a play on the name “Bourne "
-"Shell”, which was the usual shell on Unix."
-msgstr ""
-"(1) “Bourne Again Shell” je igra sa imenom “Bourne "
-"Shell”, koja je bila uobiÄajena ljuska na Unix sustavu."
-
-#. type: Content of: <h3>
+#. type: Content of: <div><h3>
msgid "Free software support"
msgstr "Podrška slobodnog softvera"
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"The free software philosophy rejects a specific widespread business "
"practice, but it is not against business. When businesses respect the "
@@ -1027,7 +1214,7 @@
"praksu, ali nije protiv tvrtki. Kada tvrtke poÅ¡tuju korisniÄke slobode, "
"želimo im uspjeh."
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"Selling copies of Emacs demonstrates one kind of free software business. "
"When the FSF took over that business, I needed another way to make a "
@@ -1043,7 +1230,7 @@
"GNU Emacs i kako prilagoditi GCC, i razvoj softvera, uglavnom prenošenje
GCC-"
"a na nove platforme."
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"Today each of these kinds of free software business is practiced by a number "
"of corporations. Some distribute free software collections on CD-ROM; "
@@ -1058,14 +1245,33 @@
"poÄinjemo viÄati kompanije slobodnog softvera temeljene na poduzimanju
novih "
"projekata slobodnog softvera."
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
+# | Watch out, though—a number of companies that associate themselves
+# | with the term “open source” actually base their business on
+# | nonfree software that works with free software. These are not free
+# | software companies, they are proprietary software companies whose products
+# | tempt users away from freedom. They call these programs
+# | “value-added [-packages”,-] {+packages,”+} which shows
+# | the values they would like us to adopt: convenience above freedom. If we
+# | value freedom more, we should call them “freedom-subtracted”
+# | packages.
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "Watch out, though—a number of companies that associate themselves "
+#| "with the term “open source” actually base their business on "
+#| "nonfree software that works with free software. These are not free "
+#| "software companies, they are proprietary software companies whose "
+#| "products tempt users away from freedom. They call these programs “"
+#| "value-added packages”, which shows the values they would like us to "
+#| "adopt: convenience above freedom. If we value freedom more, we should "
+#| "call them “freedom-subtracted” packages."
msgid ""
"Watch out, though—a number of companies that associate themselves with "
"the term “open source” actually base their business on nonfree "
"software that works with free software. These are not free software "
"companies, they are proprietary software companies whose products tempt "
"users away from freedom. They call these programs “value-added "
-"packages”, which shows the values they would like us to adopt: "
+"packages,” which shows the values they would like us to adopt: "
"convenience above freedom. If we value freedom more, we should call them "
"“freedom-subtracted” packages."
msgstr ""
@@ -1078,11 +1284,11 @@
"prihvatimo: pogodnost iznad slobode. Ako više vrednujemo slobodu, trebali bi
"
"ih zvati paketi “oduzimanja slobode”."
-#. type: Content of: <h3>
+#. type: Content of: <div><h3>
msgid "Technical goals"
msgstr "TehniÄki ciljevi"
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"The principal goal of GNU is to be free software. Even if GNU had no "
"technical advantage over Unix, it would have a social advantage, allowing "
@@ -1092,7 +1298,7 @@
"tehniÄku prednost nad Unix-om, imao bi druÅ¡tvenu prednost, dopuÅ¡tajuÄi "
"korisnicima da suraÄuju, i etiÄku prednost, poÅ¡tivanje slobode korisnika."
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"But it was natural to apply the known standards of good practice to the "
"work—for example, dynamically allocating data structures to avoid "
@@ -1104,7 +1310,7 @@
"proizvoljno fiksirana ograniÄenja veliÄine, i rukovanje sa svim moguÄim 8-"
"bitnim kodovima gdje god je to imalo smisla."
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"In addition, we rejected the Unix focus on small memory size, by deciding "
"not to support 16-bit machines (it was clear that 32-bit machines would be "
@@ -1122,7 +1328,7 @@
"programere da uÄitaju cijelu ulaznu datoteku u jezgru, i tada da pretraže "
"njen sadržaj bez brige oko I/O (<i>Input/Output</i>)."
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"These decisions enabled many GNU programs to surpass their Unix counterparts "
"in reliability and speed."
@@ -1130,11 +1336,11 @@
"Te odluke su omoguÄile mnogim GNU programima da nadiÄu svoje Unix verzije u
"
"pouzdanosti i brzini."
-#. type: Content of: <h3>
+#. type: Content of: <div><h3>
msgid "Donated computers"
msgstr "Donirana raÄunala"
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"As the GNU Project's reputation grew, people began offering to donate "
"machines running Unix to the project. These were very useful, because the "
@@ -1148,7 +1354,7 @@
"zamjenjivanje komponenata tog sustava jednu po jednu. Ali to je postavilo "
"etiÄno pitanje: da li je bilo ispravno za nas da uopÄe imamo kopiju Unix-a."
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"Unix was (and is) proprietary software, and the GNU Project's philosophy "
"said that we should not use proprietary software. But, applying the same "
@@ -1164,7 +1370,7 @@
"paket kada je to bilo presudno za razvitak slobodne zamijene koja Äe pomoÄi
"
"drugima da prestanu koristiti vlasniÄki paket."
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"But, even if this was a justifiable evil, it was still an evil. Today we no "
"longer have any copies of Unix, because we have replaced them with free "
@@ -1176,11 +1382,11 @@
"sustavima. Ako nismo mogli zamijeniti operativni sustav stroja sa slobodnim, "
"umjesto toga zamijenili smo stroj."
-#. type: Content of: <h3>
+#. type: Content of: <div><h3>
msgid "The GNU Task List"
msgstr "GNU lista zadataka"
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"As the GNU Project proceeded, and increasing numbers of system components "
"were found or developed, eventually it became useful to make a list of the "
@@ -1198,13 +1404,27 @@
"dokumentacijske pakete za koje smo mislili da bi istinski potpuni sustav "
"trebao imati."
-#. type: Content of: <p>
-msgid ""
-"Today (1), hardly any Unix components are left in the GNU Task List—"
-"those jobs had been done, aside from a few inessential ones. But the list "
-"is full of projects that some might call “applications”. Any "
-"program that appeals to more than a narrow class of users would be a useful "
-"thing to add to an operating system."
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
+# | [-Today (1),-]{+Today <a href=\"#ft6\">[6]</a>,+} hardly any Unix
+# | components are left in the GNU Task List—those jobs had been done,
+# | aside from a few inessential ones. But the list is full of projects that
+# | some might call [-“applications”.-]
+# | {+“applications.”+} Any program that appeals to more than a
+# | narrow class of users would be a useful thing to add to an operating
+# | system.
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "Today (1), hardly any Unix components are left in the GNU Task List—"
+#| "those jobs had been done, aside from a few inessential ones. But the "
+#| "list is full of projects that some might call “"
+#| "applications”. Any program that appeals to more than a narrow "
+#| "class of users would be a useful thing to add to an operating system."
+msgid ""
+"Today <a href=\"#ft6\">[6]</a>, hardly any Unix components are left in "
+"the GNU Task List—those jobs had been done, aside from a few "
+"inessential ones. But the list is full of projects that some might call "
+"“applications.” Any program that appeals to more than a narrow "
+"class of users would be a useful thing to add to an operating system."
msgstr ""
"Danas (1), jedva da postoji Unix komponenta koja je ostala u GNU listi "
"zadataka—ti poslovi su napravljeni, osim nekoliko nebitnih. Ali lista "
@@ -1212,7 +1432,7 @@
"program koji privlaÄi viÅ¡e nego usku klasu korisnika bi bio korisna stvar
za "
"dodati u operativni sustav."
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"Even games are included in the task list—and have been since the "
"beginning. Unix included games, so naturally GNU should too. But "
@@ -1226,34 +1446,32 @@
"Umjesto toga, popisali smo spektar razliÄitih vrsta igara koje bi se mogle "
"svidjeti korisnicima."
-#. type: Content of: <p>
-msgid ""
-"(1) That was written in 1998. In 2009 we no longer maintain a long task "
-"list. The community develops free software so fast that we can't even keep "
-"track of it all. Instead, we have a list of High Priority Projects, a much "
-"shorter list of projects we really want to encourage people to write."
-msgstr ""
-"(1) Ovo je napisano u 1998. U 2009. viÅ¡e ne održavamo dugaÄku listu "
-"zadataka. Zajednica razvija slobodni softver toliko brzo da ne možemo "
-"pratiti sve. Umjesto toga, imamo listu projekata visokog prioriteta, mnogo "
-"kraÄu listu projekata za koje stvarno želimo ohrabriti ljude da ih napiÅ¡u."
-
-#. type: Content of: <h3>
+#. type: Content of: <div><h3>
msgid "The GNU Library GPL"
msgstr "GPL GNU biblioteke"
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
+# | The GNU C library uses a special kind of copyleft called the GNU Library
+# | General Public [-License(1),-] {+License <a href=\"#ft7\">[7]</a>,+}
+# | which gives permission to link proprietary software with the library. Why
+# | make this exception?
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "The GNU C library uses a special kind of copyleft called the GNU Library "
+#| "General Public License(1), which gives permission to link proprietary "
+#| "software with the library. Why make this exception?"
msgid ""
"The GNU C library uses a special kind of copyleft called the GNU Library "
-"General Public License(1), which gives permission to link proprietary "
-"software with the library. Why make this exception?"
+"General Public License <a href=\"#ft7\">[7]</a>, which gives "
+"permission to link proprietary software with the library. Why make this "
+"exception?"
msgstr ""
"GNU C biblioteka koristi posebnu vrstu copylefta nazvanu GNU opÄa javna "
"licenca za biblioteke (<i>GNU Library General Public License</i>) (1), koja "
"daje dopuÅ¡tenje da se veže vlasniÄki softver sa bibliotekom. ZaÅ¡to je ova
"
"iznimka napravljena?"
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"It is not a matter of principle; there is no principle that says proprietary "
"software products are entitled to include our code. (Why contribute to a "
@@ -1265,7 +1483,7 @@
"temelji na odbijanju razmijene sa nama?) Korištenje LGPL-a za C biblioteku, "
"ili za bilo koju biblioteku, je stvar strategije."
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"The C library does a generic job; every proprietary system or compiler comes "
"with a C library. Therefore, to make our C library available only to free "
@@ -1277,7 +1495,7 @@
"slobodnom softveru ne bi dali slobodnom softveru nikakvu prednost—samo "
"bi obeshrabrilo korištenje naše biblioteke."
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"One system is an exception to this: on the GNU system (and this includes GNU/"
"Linux), the GNU C library is the only C library. So the distribution terms "
@@ -1297,7 +1515,7 @@
"razvitka slobodnih aplikacija. Zbog toga je korištenje GPL za biblioteke "
"dobra strategija za C biblioteku."
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"For other libraries, the strategic decision needs to be considered on a case-"
"by-case basis. When a library does a special job that can help write "
@@ -1311,7 +1529,7 @@
"slobodne programe, naÄin pomaganja drugim developerima slobodnog softvera, "
"dajuÄi im prednost u odnosu na vlasniÄki softver."
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"Consider GNU Readline, a library that was developed to provide command-line "
"editing for BASH. Readline is released under the ordinary GNU GPL, not the "
@@ -1327,7 +1545,7 @@
"aplikacija je postala slobodan softver specifiÄno da bi mogla koristiti "
"Readline, i to je stvarna dobit za zajednicu."
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"Proprietary software developers have the advantages money provides; free "
"software developers need to make advantages for each other. I hope some day "
@@ -1343,24 +1561,11 @@
"izgradnju novog slobodnog softvera, i dodavajuÄi veliku prednost za daljnji "
"razvitak slobodnog softvera."
-#. type: Content of: <p>
-msgid ""
-"(1) This license is now called the GNU Lesser General Public License, to "
-"avoid giving the idea that all libraries ought to use it. See <a href=\"/"
-"philosophy/why-not-lgpl.html\">Why you shouldn't use the Lesser GPL for your "
-"next library</a> for more information."
-msgstr ""
-"(1) Ova licenca je sada zvana GNU niža opÄa javna licenca (<i>GNU Lesser "
-"General Public License</i>), da bi se izbjegla ideja da bi je sve biblioteke "
-"trebale koristiti. Pogledajte: <a href=\"/philosophy/why-not-lgpl.html"
-"\">ZaÅ¡to ne biste trebali koristiti niži GPL za vaÅ¡u sljedeÄu
biblioteku</a> "
-"za više informacija."
-
-#. type: Content of: <h3>
+#. type: Content of: <div><h3>
msgid "Scratching an itch?"
msgstr "ÄeÅ¡anje svraba?"
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"Eric Raymond says that “Every good work of software starts by "
"scratching a developer's personal itch.” Maybe that happens sometimes, "
@@ -1373,7 +1578,7 @@
"glavni dijelovi GNU softvera su razvijeni sa ciljem da se napravi potpuni "
"operativni sustav. Oni dolaze iz vizije i plana, ne iz impulsa."
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"For example, we developed the GNU C library because a Unix-like system needs "
"a C library, BASH because a Unix-like system needs a shell, and GNU tar "
@@ -1385,7 +1590,7 @@
"jer sustav nalik Unix-u treba tar program. Isto je istina i za moje "
"programe—GNU C kompajler, GNU Emacs, GDB i GNU Make."
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"Some GNU programs were developed to cope with specific threats to our "
"freedom. Thus, we developed gzip to replace the Compress program, which had "
@@ -1407,7 +1612,7 @@
"nadomjestimo popularni neslobodni enkripcijski softver, jer korisnici ne bi "
"trebali birati izmeÄu privatnosti i slobode."
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"Of course, the people writing these programs became interested in the work, "
"and many features were added to them by various people for the sake of their "
@@ -1417,11 +1622,11 @@
"mnoge znaÄajke su dodane od strane raznih ljudi zbog vlastitih potreba i "
"interesa. Ali to nije razlog zašto ti programi postoje."
-#. type: Content of: <h3>
+#. type: Content of: <div><h3>
msgid "Unexpected developments"
msgstr "NeoÄekivani razvoji"
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"At the beginning of the GNU Project, I imagined that we would develop the "
"whole GNU system, then release it as a whole. That is not how it happened."
@@ -1429,7 +1634,7 @@
"Na poÄetku GNU Projekta, zamislio sam da Äemo razviti cijeli GNU sustav, i "
"onda ga objaviti kao cjelinu. Nije se tako dogodilo."
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"Since each component of the GNU system was implemented on a Unix system, "
"each component could run on Unix systems long before a complete GNU system "
@@ -1443,7 +1648,7 @@
"ih poÄeli proÅ¡irivati i prenositi na druge platforme—na razne "
"nekompatibilne verzije Unix-a, i katkad na druge sustave."
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"The process made these programs much more powerful, and attracted both funds "
"and contributors to the GNU Project. But it probably also delayed "
@@ -1459,11 +1664,11 @@
"znaÄajki postojeÄim komponentama, radije nego u poÄetak pisanja, jednu za "
"drugom, komponenata koje nedostaju."
-#. type: Content of: <h3>
+#. type: Content of: <div><h3>
msgid "The GNU Hurd"
msgstr "GNU Hurd"
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"By 1990, the GNU system was almost complete; the only major missing "
"component was the kernel. We had decided to implement our kernel as a "
@@ -1483,7 +1688,7 @@
"zakaÅ¡njenju dok smo Äekali da Mach bude objavljen kao slobodan softver, kao
"
"Å¡to je bilo obeÄano."
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"One reason for choosing this design was to avoid what seemed to be the "
"hardest part of the job: debugging a kernel program without a source-level "
@@ -1503,11 +1708,11 @@
"su se ispostavili vrlo teÅ¡kima u procesu otklanjanja greÅ¡aka. RadeÄi Hurd "
"posao razvuÄenim kroz mnogo godina."
-#. type: Content of: <h3>
+#. type: Content of: <div><h3>
msgid "Alix"
msgstr "Alix"
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"The GNU kernel was not originally supposed to be called the Hurd. Its "
"original name was Alix—named after the woman who was my sweetheart at "
@@ -1523,7 +1728,7 @@
"svojim prijateljima: “Netko bi trebao nazvati jezgru po meni.” "
"Nisam rekao niÅ¡ta, nego sam je odluÄio iznenaditi s jezgrom po imenu Alix."
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"It did not stay that way. Michael (now Thomas) Bushnell, the main developer "
"of the kernel, preferred the name Hurd, and redefined Alix to refer to a "
@@ -1535,7 +1740,7 @@
"odreÄeni dio jezgre—dio koji bi hvatao sistemske pozive i rukovao s "
"njima slanjem poruka Hurd poslužiteljima."
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"Later, Alix and I broke up, and she changed her name; independently, the "
"Hurd design was changed so that the C library would send messages directly "
@@ -1545,7 +1750,7 @@
"dizajn Hurd-a je promijenjen tako da bi C biblioteka slala poruke direktno "
"poslužiteljima, i zbog toga je Alix komponenta nestala iz dizajna."
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"But before these things happened, a friend of hers came across the name Alix "
"in the Hurd source code, and mentioned it to her. So she did have the "
@@ -1555,11 +1760,11 @@
"u izvornom kodu Hurd-a, i spomenuo je to njoj. Tako da je imala Å¡ansu naÄi "
"jezgru po njenom imenu."
-#. type: Content of: <h3>
+#. type: Content of: <div><h3>
msgid "Linux and GNU/Linux"
msgstr "Linux i GNU/Linux"
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"The GNU Hurd is not suitable for production use, and we don't know if it "
"ever will be. The capability-based design has problems that result directly "
@@ -1570,7 +1775,7 @@
"ikada biti. Dizajn temeljen na moguÄnostima ima problema koji rezultiraju "
"direktno iz fleksibilnosti dizajna, i nije jasno da li rješenja postoje."
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"Fortunately, another kernel is available. In 1991, Linus Torvalds developed "
"a Unix-compatible kernel and called it Linux. It was proprietary at first, "
@@ -1586,12 +1791,26 @@
"operativnim sustavom. (Naravno, kombiniranje je bio znatan posao sam po "
"sebi.) Zbog Linuxa mi danas možemo pokrenuti verziju sustava GNU."
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
+# | We call this system version <a href=\"/gnu/linux-and-gnu.html\">
+# | GNU/Linux</a>, to express its composition as a combination of the GNU
+# | system with Linux as the kernel. Please don't fall into the practice of
+# | calling the whole system [-“Linux”,-] {+“Linux,”+}
+# | since that means attributing our work to someone else. Please <a
+# | href=\"/gnu/gnu-linux-faq.html\"> give us equal mention</a>.
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "We call this system version <a href=\"/gnu/linux-and-gnu.html\"> GNU/"
+#| "Linux</a>, to express its composition as a combination of the GNU system "
+#| "with Linux as the kernel. Please don't fall into the practice of calling "
+#| "the whole system “Linux”, since that means attributing our "
+#| "work to someone else. Please <a href=\"/gnu/gnu-linux-faq.html\"> give "
+#| "us equal mention</a>."
msgid ""
"We call this system version <a href=\"/gnu/linux-and-gnu.html\"> GNU/Linux</"
"a>, to express its composition as a combination of the GNU system with Linux "
"as the kernel. Please don't fall into the practice of calling the whole "
-"system “Linux”, since that means attributing our work to someone "
+"system “Linux,” since that means attributing our work to someone "
"else. Please <a href=\"/gnu/gnu-linux-faq.html\"> give us equal mention</a>."
msgstr ""
"Ovaj sustav nazivamo <a href=\"/gnu/linux-and-gnu.html\"> GNU/Linux</a>, "
@@ -1600,11 +1819,11 @@
"pripisivanje našeg rada nekome drugome. Molimo vas da <a href=\"/gnu/gnu-"
"linux-faq.html\"> spomenete i nas</a>."
-#. type: Content of: <h3>
+#. type: Content of: <div><h3>
msgid "Challenges in our future"
msgstr "Izazovi u naÅ¡oj buduÄnosti"
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"We have proved our ability to develop a broad spectrum of free software. "
"This does not mean we are invincible and unstoppable. Several challenges "
@@ -1620,15 +1839,15 @@
"Zahtijevati Äe vrstu determinacije koje ljudi pokazuju kada cijene svoju "
"slobodu i neÄe dopustiti nikome da je oduzme."
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid "The following four sections discuss these challenges."
msgstr "SljedeÄa Äetiri odjeljka raspravljaju o tim izazovima."
-#. type: Content of: <h3>
+#. type: Content of: <div><h3>
msgid "Secret hardware"
msgstr "Tajni hardver"
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"Hardware manufacturers increasingly tend to keep hardware specifications "
"secret. This makes it difficult to write free drivers so that Linux and "
@@ -1640,7 +1859,7 @@
"XFree86 podržavali novi hardver. Imamo potpune slobodne sustave danas, ali "
"ih sutra neÄemo imati ako ne možemo podržavati sutraÅ¡nja raÄunala."
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"There are two ways to cope with this problem. Programmers can do reverse "
"engineering to figure out how to support the hardware. The rest of us can "
@@ -1653,14 +1872,29 @@
"brojevi budu poveÄavali, tajnost specifikacija Äe postati
samo-poražavajuÄa "
"politika."
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
+# | Reverse engineering is a big job; will we have programmers with sufficient
+# | determination to undertake it? Yes—if we have built up a strong
+# | feeling that free software is a matter of principle, and nonfree drivers
+# | are intolerable. And will large numbers of us spend extra money, or even
+# | a little extra time, so we can use free drivers? Yes, if the determination
+# | to have freedom is [-widespread.-] {+widespread. <a
+# | href=\"#ft8\">[8]</a>+}
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "Reverse engineering is a big job; will we have programmers with "
+#| "sufficient determination to undertake it? Yes—if we have built up a "
+#| "strong feeling that free software is a matter of principle, and nonfree "
+#| "drivers are intolerable. And will large numbers of us spend extra money, "
+#| "or even a little extra time, so we can use free drivers? Yes, if the "
+#| "determination to have freedom is widespread."
msgid ""
"Reverse engineering is a big job; will we have programmers with sufficient "
"determination to undertake it? Yes—if we have built up a strong "
"feeling that free software is a matter of principle, and nonfree drivers are "
"intolerable. And will large numbers of us spend extra money, or even a "
"little extra time, so we can use free drivers? Yes, if the determination to "
-"have freedom is widespread."
+"have freedom is widespread. <a href=\"#ft8\">[8]</a>"
msgstr ""
"Obrnuto inženjerstvo je veliki posao; da li Äemo imati programere sa "
"dovoljnom determinacijom da to poduzmu? Da—ako smo izgradili jak "
@@ -1670,32 +1904,11 @@
"slobodne upravljaÄke programe? Da, ako je determinacija za posjedovanjem "
"slobode Å¡iroko rasprostranjena."
-#. type: Content of: <p>
-# | (2008 note: this issue extends to the BIOS as well. There is a free BIOS,
-# | <a [-href=\"http://www.libreboot.org/\";>LibreBoot</a>;-]
-# | {+href=\"http://www.libreboot.org/\";>LibreBoot</a> (a distribution of
-# | coreboot);+} the problem is getting specs for machines so that LibreBoot
-# | can support [-them.)-] {+them without nonfree “blobs”.)+}
-#, fuzzy
-#| msgid ""
-#| "(2008 note: this issue extends to the BIOS as well. There is a free "
-#| "BIOS, <a href=\"http://www.libreboot.org/\";>LibreBoot</a>; the problem is "
-#| "getting specs for machines so that LibreBoot can support them.)"
-msgid ""
-"(2008 note: this issue extends to the BIOS as well. There is a free BIOS, "
-"<a href=\"http://www.libreboot.org/\";>LibreBoot</a> (a distribution of "
-"coreboot); the problem is getting specs for machines so that LibreBoot can "
-"support them without nonfree “blobs”.)"
-msgstr ""
-"(bilješka iz 2008: ovaj problem se isto tako i proširuje na BIOS. Postoji "
-"slobodni BIOS, <a href=\"http://www.libreboot.org/\";>LibreBoot</a>; problem "
-"je nabavka specifikacija za strojeve tako da ih LibreBoot može podržavati.)"
-
-#. type: Content of: <h3>
+#. type: Content of: <div><h3>
msgid "Nonfree libraries"
msgstr "Neslobodne biblioteke"
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"A nonfree library that runs on free operating systems acts as a trap for "
"free software developers. The library's attractive features are the bait; "
@@ -1713,7 +1926,7 @@
"biblioteke.) JoÅ¡ gore, ako program koji koristi vlasniÄku biblioteku
postane "
"popularan, može namamiti druge nesumnjajuÄe programere u zamku."
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"The first instance of this problem was the Motif toolkit, back in the 80s. "
"Although there were as yet no free operating systems, it was clear what "
@@ -1733,7 +1946,7 @@
"razvijen od strane Hungry Programmers, postao je dovoljno moÄan da podržava
"
"veÄinu Motif aplikacija tek u 1997."
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"Between 1996 and 1998, another nonfree <abbr title=\"Graphical User Interface"
"\">GUI</abbr> toolkit library, called Qt, was used in a substantial "
@@ -1745,7 +1958,7 @@
"kolekciji slobodnog softvera: <abbr title=\"K Desktop Environment\">KDE</"
"abbr> desktop."
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"Free GNU/Linux systems were unable to use KDE, because we could not use the "
"library. However, some commercial distributors of GNU/Linux systems who "
@@ -1764,7 +1977,7 @@
"nisu nikada bili izloženi ideji da ima nešto krivo u tome. Situacija se "
"Äinila mrgodnom."
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"The free software community responded to the problem in two ways: GNOME and "
"Harmony."
@@ -1772,7 +1985,7 @@
"Zajednica slobodnog softvera je odgovorila na problem u dva naÄina: GNOME i "
"Harmony."
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"GNOME, the GNU Network Object Model Environment, is GNU's desktop project. "
"Started in 1997 by Miguel de Icaza, and developed with the support of Red "
@@ -1788,7 +2001,7 @@
"što su podrška za razne jezike, ne samo C++. Ali njegov glavni cilj je bila
"
"sloboda: da se ne zahtijeva korištenje neslobodnog softvera."
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"Harmony is a compatible replacement library, designed to make it possible to "
"run KDE software without using Qt."
@@ -1796,13 +2009,28 @@
"Harmony je kompatibilna zamjenska biblioteka, dizajnirana da omoguÄi "
"pokretanje KDE softvera bez korištenja Qt-a."
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
+# | In November 1998, the developers of Qt announced a change of license
+# | which, when carried out, should make Qt free software. There is no way to
+# | be sure, but I think that this was partly due to the community's firm
+# | response to the problem that Qt posed when it was nonfree. (The new
+# | license is inconvenient and inequitable, so it remains desirable to avoid
+# | using [-Qt.)-] {+Qt. <a href=\"#ft9\">[9]</a>)+}
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "In November 1998, the developers of Qt announced a change of license "
+#| "which, when carried out, should make Qt free software. There is no way "
+#| "to be sure, but I think that this was partly due to the community's firm "
+#| "response to the problem that Qt posed when it was nonfree. (The new "
+#| "license is inconvenient and inequitable, so it remains desirable to avoid "
+#| "using Qt.)"
msgid ""
"In November 1998, the developers of Qt announced a change of license which, "
"when carried out, should make Qt free software. There is no way to be sure, "
"but I think that this was partly due to the community's firm response to the "
"problem that Qt posed when it was nonfree. (The new license is inconvenient "
-"and inequitable, so it remains desirable to avoid using Qt.)"
+"and inequitable, so it remains desirable to avoid using Qt. <a href="
+"\"#ft9\">[9]</a>)"
msgstr ""
"Studeni 1998, developeri Qt-a su proglasili promjenu licence koja Äe, kada "
"se provede, napraviti Qt slobodnim softverom. Ne postoji naÄin da se bude "
@@ -1810,15 +2038,7 @@
"problem koji je Qt stvarao dok je bio neslobodan. (Nova licenca je nepogodna "
"i nepravedna, pa ostaje poželjno izbjegavati korištenje Qt-a.)"
-#. type: Content of: <p>
-msgid ""
-"[Subsequent note: in September 2000, Qt was rereleased under the GNU GPL, "
-"which essentially solved this problem.]"
-msgstr ""
-"[Naknadna bilješka: u rujnu 2000, Qt je ponovno objavljen pod GNU GPL-om, "
-"što je suštinski riješilo taj problem.]"
-
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"How will we respond to the next tempting nonfree library? Will the whole "
"community understand the need to stay out of the trap? Or will many of us "
@@ -1830,20 +2050,21 @@
"od nas odustati od slobode zbog pogodnosti, i napraviti veliki problem? Naša
"
"buduÄnost ovisi o naÅ¡oj filozofiji."
-#. type: Content of: <h3>
+#. type: Content of: <div><h3>
msgid "Software patents"
msgstr "Softverski patenti"
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
# | The worst threat we face comes from software patents, which can put
# | algorithms and features off limits to free software for up to twenty
# | years. The LZW compression algorithm patents were applied for in 1983,
# | and we still cannot release free software to produce proper compressed
-# | <abbr title=\"Graphics Interchange Format\">GIF</abbr>s. [As of 2009 they
-# | have expired.] In 1998, a free program to produce <abbr title=\"MPEG-1
-# | Audio Layer 3\">MP3</abbr> compressed audio was removed from distribution
-# | under threat of a patent suit. {+[As of 2017, these patents have expired.
-# | Look how long we had to wait.]+}
+# | <abbr title=\"Graphics Interchange [-Format\">GIF</abbr>s. [As of 2009
+# | they have expired.]-] {+Format\">GIF</abbr>s. <a
+# | href=\"#ft10\">[10]</a>+} In 1998, a free program to produce <abbr
+# | title=\"MPEG-1 Audio Layer 3\">MP3</abbr> compressed audio was removed
+# | from distribution under threat of a patent [-suit.-] {+suit. <a
+# | href=\"#ft11\">[11]</a>+}
#, fuzzy
#| msgid ""
#| "The worst threat we face comes from software patents, which can put "
@@ -1859,11 +2080,10 @@
"algorithms and features off limits to free software for up to twenty years. "
"The LZW compression algorithm patents were applied for in 1983, and we still "
"cannot release free software to produce proper compressed <abbr title="
-"\"Graphics Interchange Format\">GIF</abbr>s. [As of 2009 they have "
-"expired.] In 1998, a free program to produce <abbr title=\"MPEG-1 Audio "
-"Layer 3\">MP3</abbr> compressed audio was removed from distribution under "
-"threat of a patent suit. [As of 2017, these patents have expired. Look how "
-"long we had to wait.]"
+"\"Graphics Interchange Format\">GIF</abbr>s. <a href=\"#ft10\">[10]</"
+"a> In 1998, a free program to produce <abbr title=\"MPEG-1 Audio Layer "
+"3\">MP3</abbr> compressed audio was removed from distribution under threat "
+"of a patent suit. <a href=\"#ft11\">[11]</a>"
msgstr ""
"Najgora prijetnja sa kojom se suoÄavamo dolazi od softverskih patenata, koji
"
"mogu staviti algoritme i znaÄajke izvan dosega slobodnog softvera do "
@@ -1874,7 +2094,7 @@
"\"MPEG-1 Audio Layer 3\">MP3</abbr> kompriminiranog zvuka je izbaÄen iz "
"distribucije zbog prijetnje patentnom tužbom."
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
# | There are ways to cope with patents: we can search for evidence that a
# | patent is invalid, and we can look for alternative ways to do a job. But
# | each of these methods works only sometimes; when both fail, a patent may
@@ -1901,7 +2121,7 @@
"slobodni softver da nema neke znaÄajke koje korisnici žele. Å to Äemo "
"napraviti kada se to dogodi?"
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"Those of us who value free software for freedom's sake will stay with free "
"software anyway. We will manage to get work done without the patented "
@@ -1921,11 +2141,11 @@
"softvera, ne smijemo se zaustaviti na tome. Moramo govoriti o slobodi i "
"principu."
-#. type: Content of: <h3>
+#. type: Content of: <div><h3>
msgid "Free documentation"
msgstr "Slobodna dokumentacija"
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"The biggest deficiency in our free operating systems is not in the "
"software—it is the lack of good free manuals that we can include in "
@@ -1939,7 +2159,7 @@
"važan paket slobodnog softvera ne doÄe sa dobrim slobodnim priruÄnikom, to
"
"je velik propust. Danas imamo mnoge takve praznine."
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"Free documentation, like free software, is a matter of freedom, not price. "
"The criterion for a free manual is pretty much the same as for free "
@@ -1953,7 +2173,7 @@
"distribucija (ukljuÄujuÄi i komercijalnu prodaju) mora biti dopuÅ¡tena, na "
"mreži i na papiru, tako da priruÄnik može popratiti svaku kopiju programa."
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"Permission for modification is crucial too. As a general rule, I don't "
"believe that it is essential for people to have permission to modify all "
@@ -1966,7 +2186,7 @@
"Na primjer, ne mislim da smo vi ili ja dužni dati dozvolu da se izmjenjuju "
"Älanci poput ovoga, koji opisuju naÅ¡a djela i naÅ¡a glediÅ¡ta."
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"But there is a particular reason why the freedom to modify is crucial for "
"documentation for free software. When people exercise their right to modify "
@@ -1984,7 +2204,7 @@
"priruÄnik, koji ne dozvoljava programerima da budu savjesni i da dovrÅ¡e "
"posao, ne dopunjuje potrebe naše zajednice."
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"Some kinds of limits on how modifications are done pose no problem. For "
"example, requirements to preserve the original author's copyright notice, "
@@ -2008,7 +2228,7 @@
"ne zaustavljaju zajednicu oko slobodnog softvera da dobije cijelu korist od "
"priruÄnika."
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"However, it must be possible to modify all the <em>technical</em> content of "
"the manual, and then distribute the result in all the usual media, through "
@@ -2020,7 +2240,7 @@
"sve uobiÄajene kanale; u suprotnom, restrikcije ometaju zajednicu,
priruÄnik "
"nije slobodan, i trebamo drugi priruÄnik."
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"Will free software developers have the awareness and determination to "
"produce a full spectrum of free manuals? Once again, our future depends on "
@@ -2030,14 +2250,24 @@
"produciraju cijeli spektar slobodnih priruÄnika? JoÅ¡ jednom, naÅ¡a
buduÄnost "
"ovisi o filozofiji."
-#. type: Content of: <h3>
+#. type: Content of: <div><h3>
msgid "We must talk about freedom"
msgstr "Moramo govoriti o slobodi"
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
+# | Estimates today are that there are ten million users of GNU/Linux systems
+# | such as Debian GNU/Linux and Red Hat [-“Linux”.-]
+# | {+“Linux.”+} Free software has developed such practical
+# | advantages that users are flocking to it for purely practical reasons.
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "Estimates today are that there are ten million users of GNU/Linux systems "
+#| "such as Debian GNU/Linux and Red Hat “Linux”. Free software "
+#| "has developed such practical advantages that users are flocking to it for "
+#| "purely practical reasons."
msgid ""
"Estimates today are that there are ten million users of GNU/Linux systems "
-"such as Debian GNU/Linux and Red Hat “Linux”. Free software has "
+"such as Debian GNU/Linux and Red Hat “Linux.” Free software has "
"developed such practical advantages that users are flocking to it for purely "
"practical reasons."
msgstr ""
@@ -2046,7 +2276,7 @@
"razvio takve praktiÄne prednosti da se korisnici sjate na njega iz Äisto "
"praktiÄnih razloga."
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"The good consequences of this are evident: more interest in developing free "
"software, more customers for free software businesses, and more ability to "
@@ -2058,7 +2288,7 @@
"ohrabre kompanije da razvijaju komercijalni slobodni softver umjesto "
"vlasniÄkih softverskih proizvoda."
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"But interest in the software is growing faster than awareness of the "
"philosophy it is based on, and this leads to trouble. Our ability to meet "
@@ -2072,7 +2302,7 @@
"bi osigurali da naÅ¡a zajednica ima tu volju, moramo raÅ¡iriti tu ideju meÄu
"
"novim korisnicima kako oni dolaze u našu zajednicu."
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"But we are failing to do so: the efforts to attract new users into our "
"community are far outstripping the efforts to teach them the civics of our "
@@ -2083,11 +2313,11 @@
"zajednicu daleko nadmaÅ¡uju napore da ih poduÄimo pravima i dužnostima
naše "
"zajednice. Moramo napraviti oboje, i moramo držati ta dva napora u
ravnoteži."
-#. type: Content of: <h3>
+#. type: Content of: <div><h3>
msgid "“Open Source”"
msgstr "“Otvoreni izvorni kod”"
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"Teaching new users about freedom became more difficult in 1998, when a part "
"of the community decided to stop using the term “free software” "
@@ -2097,7 +2327,7 @@
"zajednice odluÄio prestati koristiti termin “slobodan softver” i
"
"reÄi “softver otvorenog izvornog koda” umjesto toga."
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"Some who favored this term aimed to avoid the confusion of “"
"free” with “gratis”—a valid goal. Others, however, "
@@ -2117,7 +2347,7 @@
"otvorenog izvornog koda” fokusira na potencijal da se napravi visoko "
"kvalitetan, moÄan softver, ali izbjegava ideje slobode, zajednice i
principa."
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"The “Linux” magazines are a clear example of this—they are "
"filled with advertisements for proprietary software that works with GNU/"
@@ -2129,7 +2359,7 @@
"ili Qt, da li Äe ti Äasopisi upozoriti programere da udalje od toga, ili
Äe "
"raditi reklame za to?"
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"The support of business can contribute to the community in many ways; all "
"else being equal, it is useful. But winning their support by speaking even "
@@ -2142,12 +2372,24 @@
"neravnotežu izmeÄu dosega prema novim korisnicima i edukaciji o pravima i "
"dužnostima još gorom."
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
+# | “Free software” and “open source” describe the
+# | same category of software, more or less, but say different things about
+# | the software, and about values. The GNU Project continues to use the term
+# | “free [-software”,-] {+software,”+} to express the idea
+# | that freedom, not just technology, is important.
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "“Free software” and “open source” describe the "
+#| "same category of software, more or less, but say different things about "
+#| "the software, and about values. The GNU Project continues to use the "
+#| "term “free software”, to express the idea that freedom, not "
+#| "just technology, is important."
msgid ""
"“Free software” and “open source” describe the same "
"category of software, more or less, but say different things about the "
"software, and about values. The GNU Project continues to use the term "
-"“free software”, to express the idea that freedom, not just "
+"“free software,” to express the idea that freedom, not just "
"technology, is important."
msgstr ""
"“Slobodan softver” i “otvoreni izvorni kod” opisuju "
@@ -2156,11 +2398,11 @@
"slobodan softver”, da se izrazi ideja da je sloboda, ne samo "
"tehnologija, važna."
-#. type: Content of: <h3>
+#. type: Content of: <div><h3>
msgid "Try!"
msgstr "Pokušajte!"
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"Yoda's aphorism (“There is no ‘try’”) sounds neat, "
"but it doesn't work for me. I have done most of my work while anxious about "
@@ -2176,7 +2418,7 @@
"osim mene izmeÄu neprijatelja i mojeg grada. IznenaÄujuÄi sebe, ponekad
sam "
"uspio."
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"Sometimes I failed; some of my cities have fallen. Then I found another "
"threatened city, and got ready for another battle. Over time, I've learned "
@@ -2188,7 +2430,7 @@
"tražiti prijetnje i staviti sebe izmeÄu njih i mojeg grada, prizivajuÄi "
"druge hakere da doÄu i da se pridruže."
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"Nowadays, often I'm not the only one. It is a relief and a joy when I see a "
"regiment of hackers digging in to hold the line, and I realize, this city "
@@ -2204,6 +2446,234 @@
"slobode zdravo za gotovo. Ne uzimajte je zdravo za gotovo! Ako želite "
"zadržati svoju slobodu, morati biti pripremljeni da je branite. "
+#. type: Content of: <div><h3>
+# || No change detected. The change might only be in amounts of spaces.
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid "Footnotes"
+msgid "Footnotes"
+msgstr "Fusnote."
+
+#. type: Content of: <div><ol><li>
+# | [-(1)-]The use of “hacker” to mean “security
+# | breaker” is a confusion on the part of the mass media. We hackers
+# | refuse to recognize that meaning, and continue using the word to mean
+# | someone who loves to program, someone who enjoys playful cleverness, or
+# | the combination of the two. See my article, [-<a
+# | href=\"http://stallman.org/articles/on-hacking.html\";>On Hacking</a>.-]
+# | {+“<a href=\"https://stallman.org/articles/on-hacking.html\";>On
+# | Hacking</a>.”+}
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "(1) The use of “hacker” to mean “security "
+#| "breaker” is a confusion on the part of the mass media. We hackers "
+#| "refuse to recognize that meaning, and continue using the word to mean "
+#| "someone who loves to program, someone who enjoys playful cleverness, or "
+#| "the combination of the two. See my article, <a href=\"http://stallman.";
+#| "org/articles/on-hacking.html\">On Hacking</a>."
+msgid ""
+"The use of “hacker” to mean “security breaker” is a "
+"confusion on the part of the mass media. We hackers refuse to recognize "
+"that meaning, and continue using the word to mean someone who loves to "
+"program, someone who enjoys playful cleverness, or the combination of the "
+"two. See my article, “<a href=\"https://stallman.org/articles/on-";
+"hacking.html\">On Hacking</a>.”"
+msgstr ""
+"(1) KoriÅ¡tenje termina “haker” u znaÄenju “prekrÅ¡itelja "
+"sigurnosnog sustava” je pometnja od strane masovnih medija. Mi, "
+"hakeri, odbijamo priznati to znaÄenje, i nastavljamo koristiti rijeÄ kao da
"
+"oznaÄava nekoga tko voli programirati, nekoga tko uživa u razigranoj "
+"bistrini, ili u kombinaciji tih dvoje. Pogledajte moj Älanak, <a href="
+"\"http://stallman.org/articles/on-hacking.html\";>O hakiranju</a>."
+
+#. type: Content of: <div><ol><li>
+# | [-(1)-]As an Atheist, I don't follow any religious leaders, but I
+# | sometimes find I admire something one of them has said.
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "(1) As an Atheist, I don't follow any religious leaders, but I sometimes "
+#| "find I admire something one of them has said."
+msgid ""
+"As an Atheist, I don't follow any religious leaders, but I sometimes find I "
+"admire something one of them has said."
+msgstr ""
+"(1) Kao ateist, ne slijedim religijske voÄe, ali ponekad se divim nekim "
+"njihovim rijeÄima."
+
+#. type: Content of: <div><ol><li>
+# | [-(1)-]In 1984 or 1985, Don Hopkins (a very imaginative fellow) mailed me
+# | a letter. [-On-] {+<a href=\"/graphics/copyleft-sticker.html\">On+} the
+# | [-envelope-] {+envelope</a>+} he had written several amusing sayings,
+# | including this one: “Copyleft—all rights reversed.” I
+# | used the word “copyleft” to name the distribution concept I
+# | was developing at the time.
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "(1) In 1984 or 1985, Don Hopkins (a very imaginative fellow) mailed me a "
+#| "letter. On the envelope he had written several amusing sayings, "
+#| "including this one: “Copyleft—all rights reversed.” I "
+#| "used the word “copyleft” to name the distribution concept I "
+#| "was developing at the time."
+msgid ""
+"In 1984 or 1985, Don Hopkins (a very imaginative fellow) mailed me a "
+"letter. <a href=\"/graphics/copyleft-sticker.html\">On the envelope</a> he "
+"had written several amusing sayings, including this one: “"
+"Copyleft—all rights reversed.” I used the word “"
+"copyleft” to name the distribution concept I was developing at the "
+"time."
+msgstr ""
+"(1) U 1984. ili 1985., Don Hopkins (vrlo maÅ¡tovit Äovjek) mi je poslao "
+"pismo. Na koverti je napisao nekoliko zabavnih dosjetki, ukljuÄujuÄi ovu: "
+"“Copyleft—sva prava preokrenuta.” Ja sam koristio rijeÄ "
+"“copyleft” da bi dao ime distribucijskom konceptu kojeg sam "
+"razvijao u to vrijeme."
+
+#. type: Content of: <div><ol><li>
+# | [-(2)-]We now use the <a href=\"/licenses/fdl.html\">GNU Free
+# | Documentation License</a> for documentation.
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "(2) We now use the <a href=\"/licenses/fdl.html\">GNU Free Documentation "
+#| "License</a> for documentation."
+msgid ""
+"We now use the <a href=\"/licenses/fdl.html\">GNU Free Documentation "
+"License</a> for documentation."
+msgstr ""
+"(2) Sada koristimo <a href=\"/licenses/fdl.html\">GNU licencu slobodne "
+"dokumentacije (<i>GNU Free Documentation License</i>)</a> za dokumentaciju."
+
+#. type: Content of: <div><ol><li>
+# | [-(1)-]“Bourne Again Shell” is a play on the name
+# | “Bourne [-Shell”,-] {+Shell,”+} which was the usual
+# | shell on Unix.
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "(1) “Bourne Again Shell” is a play on the name “Bourne "
+#| "Shell”, which was the usual shell on Unix."
+msgid ""
+"“Bourne Again Shell” is a play on the name “Bourne Shell,"
+"” which was the usual shell on Unix."
+msgstr ""
+"(1) “Bourne Again Shell” je igra sa imenom “Bourne "
+"Shell”, koja je bila uobiÄajena ljuska na Unix sustavu."
+
+#. type: Content of: <div><ol><li>
+# | [-(1)-]That was written in 1998. In 2009 we no longer maintain a long
+# | task list. The community develops free software so fast that we can't
+# | even keep track of it all. Instead, we have a list of High Priority
+# | Projects, a much shorter list of projects we really want to encourage
+# | people to write.
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "(1) That was written in 1998. In 2009 we no longer maintain a long task "
+#| "list. The community develops free software so fast that we can't even "
+#| "keep track of it all. Instead, we have a list of High Priority Projects, "
+#| "a much shorter list of projects we really want to encourage people to "
+#| "write."
+msgid ""
+"That was written in 1998. In 2009 we no longer maintain a long task list. "
+"The community develops free software so fast that we can't even keep track "
+"of it all. Instead, we have a list of High Priority Projects, a much "
+"shorter list of projects we really want to encourage people to write."
+msgstr ""
+"(1) Ovo je napisano u 1998. U 2009. viÅ¡e ne održavamo dugaÄku listu "
+"zadataka. Zajednica razvija slobodni softver toliko brzo da ne možemo "
+"pratiti sve. Umjesto toga, imamo listu projekata visokog prioriteta, mnogo "
+"kraÄu listu projekata za koje stvarno želimo ohrabriti ljude da ih napiÅ¡u."
+
+#. type: Content of: <div><ol><li>
+# | [-(1)-]This license is now called the GNU Lesser General Public License,
+# | to avoid giving the idea that all libraries ought to use it. See <a
+# | href=\"/philosophy/why-not-lgpl.html\">Why you shouldn't use the Lesser
+# | GPL for your next library</a> for more information.
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "(1) This license is now called the GNU Lesser General Public License, to "
+#| "avoid giving the idea that all libraries ought to use it. See <a href=\"/"
+#| "philosophy/why-not-lgpl.html\">Why you shouldn't use the Lesser GPL for "
+#| "your next library</a> for more information."
+msgid ""
+"This license is now called the GNU Lesser General Public License, to avoid "
+"giving the idea that all libraries ought to use it. See <a href=\"/"
+"philosophy/why-not-lgpl.html\">Why you shouldn't use the Lesser GPL for your "
+"next library</a> for more information."
+msgstr ""
+"(1) Ova licenca je sada zvana GNU niža opÄa javna licenca (<i>GNU Lesser "
+"General Public License</i>), da bi se izbjegla ideja da bi je sve biblioteke "
+"trebale koristiti. Pogledajte: <a href=\"/philosophy/why-not-lgpl.html"
+"\">ZaÅ¡to ne biste trebali koristiti niži GPL za vaÅ¡u sljedeÄu
biblioteku</a> "
+"za više informacija."
+
+#. type: Content of: <div><ol><li>
+# | [-(-]2008 note: this issue extends to the BIOS as well. There is a free
+# | BIOS, <a [-href=\"http://www.libreboot.org/\";>LibreBoot</a>;-]
+# | {+href=\"https://libreboot.org/\";>LibreBoot</a> (a distribution of
+# | coreboot);+} the problem is getting specs for machines so that LibreBoot
+# | can support [-them.)-] {+them without nonfree “blobs.”+}
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "(2008 note: this issue extends to the BIOS as well. There is a free "
+#| "BIOS, <a href=\"http://www.libreboot.org/\";>LibreBoot</a>; the problem is "
+#| "getting specs for machines so that LibreBoot can support them.)"
+msgid ""
+"2008 note: this issue extends to the BIOS as well. There is a free BIOS, <a "
+"href=\"https://libreboot.org/\";>LibreBoot</a> (a distribution of coreboot); "
+"the problem is getting specs for machines so that LibreBoot can support them "
+"without nonfree “blobs.”"
+msgstr ""
+"(bilješka iz 2008: ovaj problem se isto tako i proširuje na BIOS. Postoji "
+"slobodni BIOS, <a href=\"http://www.libreboot.org/\";>LibreBoot</a>; problem "
+"je nabavka specifikacija za strojeve tako da ih LibreBoot može podržavati.)"
+
+#. type: Content of: <div><ol><li>
+# | [-[Subsequent note: in-]{+In+} September 2000, Qt was rereleased under the
+# | GNU GPL, which essentially solved this problem.[-]-]
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "[Subsequent note: in September 2000, Qt was rereleased under the GNU GPL, "
+#| "which essentially solved this problem.]"
+msgid ""
+"In September 2000, Qt was rereleased under the GNU GPL, which essentially "
+"solved this problem."
+msgstr ""
+"[Naknadna bilješka: u rujnu 2000, Qt je ponovno objavljen pod GNU GPL-om, "
+"što je suštinski riješilo taj problem.]"
+
+#. type: Content of: <div><ol><li>
+msgid "As of 2009, the GIF patents have expired."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <div><ol><li>
+msgid ""
+"As of 2017, the MP3 patents have expired. Look how long we had to wait."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <div><div><p>
+# | Originally published in the book [-<em>Open Sources</em>.-] {+<cite>Open
+# | Sources</cite>.+} Richard Stallman was <a
+# | href=\"/philosophy/open-source-misses-the-point.html\"> never a supporter
+# | of “open source”</a>, but contributed this article so that the
+# | ideas of the free software movement would not be entirely absent from that
+# | book.
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "Originally published in the book <em>Open Sources</em>. Richard Stallman "
+#| "was <a href=\"/philosophy/open-source-misses-the-point.html\"> never a "
+#| "supporter of “open source”</a>, but contributed this article "
+#| "so that the ideas of the free software movement would not be entirely "
+#| "absent from that book."
+msgid ""
+"Originally published in the book <cite>Open Sources</cite>. Richard "
+"Stallman was <a href=\"/philosophy/open-source-misses-the-point.html\"> "
+"never a supporter of “open source”</a>, but contributed this "
+"article so that the ideas of the free software movement would not be "
+"entirely absent from that book."
+msgstr ""
+"Izvorno objavljeno u knjizi <em>Otvoreni Izvori</em>. Richard Stallman <a "
+"href=\"/philosophy/open-source-misses-the-point.html\">nije nikada bio "
+"pobornik “otvorenog izvornog koda”</a> (“<i>open source</"
+"i>”), ali je pridonijeo ovaj Älanak tako da ideje pokreta slobodnog "
+"softvera ne budu u potpunosti odsutne iz te knjige."
+
#. TRANSLATORS: Use space (SPC) as msgstr if you don't have notes.
#. type: Content of: <div>
msgid "*GNUN-SLOT: TRANSLATOR'S NOTES*"
@@ -2230,14 +2700,20 @@
#. Please send your comments and general suggestions in this regard
#. to <a href="mailto:web-translators@gnu.org";>
#. <web-translators@gnu.org></a>.</p>
-#. <p>For information on coordinating and submitting translations of
+#. <p>For information on coordinating and contributing translations of
#. our web pages, see <a
#. href="/server/standards/README.translations.html">Translations
#. README</a>.
#. type: Content of: <div><div><p>
+# || No change detected. The change might only be in amounts of spaces.
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "Please see the <a href=\"/server/standards/README.translations.html"
+#| "\">Translations README</a> for information on coordinating and "
+#| "contributing translations of this article."
msgid ""
"Please see the <a href=\"/server/standards/README.translations.html"
-"\">Translations README</a> for information on coordinating and submitting "
+"\">Translations README</a> for information on coordinating and contributing "
"translations of this article."
msgstr ""
"Radimo naporno i dajemo sve od sebe da bi pružili toÄne, visoko kvalitetne "
@@ -2249,15 +2725,15 @@
"prijevode</a>."
#. type: Content of: <div><p>
-# | Copyright © 1998, 2001, 2002, 2005, 2006, 2007, 2008, [-2010-]
-# | {+2010, 2014, 2015, 2017, 2018, 2020+} Richard Stallman
+# | Copyright © 1998, [-2001, 2002,-] 2005, [-2006, 2007,-] 2008,
+# | [-2010-] {+2010, 2012, 2015, 2017, 2018, 2021+} Richard Stallman
#, fuzzy
#| msgid ""
#| "Copyright © 1998, 2001, 2002, 2005, 2006, 2007, 2008, 2010 Richard "
#| "Stallman"
msgid ""
-"Copyright © 1998, 2001, 2002, 2005, 2006, 2007, 2008, 2010, 2014, 2015, "
-"2017, 2018, 2020 Richard Stallman"
+"Copyright © 1998, 2005, 2008, 2010, 2012, 2015, 2017, 2018, 2021 "
+"Richard Stallman"
msgstr ""
"Copyright © 1998, 2001, 2002, 2005, 2006, 2007, 2008, 2010 Richard "
"Stallman"
@@ -2283,6 +2759,26 @@
msgstr "Zadnji put promijenjeno:"
#~ msgid ""
+#~ "by <a href=\"http://www.stallman.org/\";><strong>Richard Stallman</"
+#~ "strong></a>"
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "napisao <a href=\"http://www.stallman.org/\";><strong>Richard Stallman</"
+#~ "strong></a>"
+
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "Please see the <a href=\"/server/standards/README.translations.html"
+#~ "\">Translations README</a> for information on coordinating and submitting "
+#~ "translations of this article."
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "Radimo naporno i dajemo sve od sebe da bi pružili toÄne, visoko "
+#~ "kvalitetne prijevode. MeÄutim, nismo osloboÄeni od nesavrÅ¡enosti. Molim
"
+#~ "vas Å¡aljite vaÅ¡e komentare i opÄenite prijedloge u tom smislu na <a
href="
+#~ "\"mailto:web-translators@gnu.org\";><web-translators@gnu.org></a>.</"
+#~ "p> <p>Za informacije o koordiniranju i slanju prijevoda naših mrežnih "
+#~ "stranica, pogledajte <a href=\"/server/standards/README.translations.html"
+#~ "\">README za prijevode</a>."
+
+#~ msgid ""
#~ "We call this system version GNU/Linux, to express its composition as a "
#~ "combination of the GNU system with Linux as the kernel."
#~ msgstr ""
Index: thegnuproject.id.po
===================================================================
RCS file: /web/www/www/gnu/po/thegnuproject.id.po,v
retrieving revision 1.8
retrieving revision 1.9
diff -u -b -r1.8 -r1.9
--- thegnuproject.id.po 12 Jul 2020 02:30:00 -0000 1.8
+++ thegnuproject.id.po 24 Oct 2021 07:31:38 -0000 1.9
@@ -8,7 +8,7 @@
msgid ""
msgstr ""
"Project-Id-Version: gnu/thegnuproject.html\n"
-"POT-Creation-Date: 2020-07-12 02:25+0000\n"
+"POT-Creation-Date: 2021-10-24 07:25+0000\n"
"PO-Revision-Date: \n"
"Last-Translator: Thérèse Godefroy <godef.th AT free.fr>\n"
"Language-Team: web-translators <web-translators@gnu.org>\n"
@@ -28,44 +28,29 @@
"GNU, Proyek GNU, FSF, Perangkat Lunak Bebas, Free Software Foundation, "
"Yayasan Perangkat Lunak Bebas, Sejarah"
-#. type: Content of: <h2>
+#. type: Content of: <div><h2>
msgid "The GNU Project"
msgstr "Proyek GNU"
-#. type: Content of: <p>
-msgid ""
-"by <a href=\"http://www.stallman.org/\";><strong>Richard Stallman</strong></a>"
-msgstr ""
-"by <a href=\"http://www.stallman.org/\";><strong>Richard Stallman</strong></a>"
-
-#. type: Content of: <blockquote><p>
-# | Originally published in the book <em>Open [-Sources</em>-] {+Sources</em>.
-# | Richard Stallman was <a
-# | href=\"/philosophy/open-source-misses-the-point.html\"> never a supporter
-# | of “open source”</a>, but contributed this article so that the
-# | ideas of the free software movement would not be entirely absent from that
-# | book.+}
+# type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><address>
+# | [-<strong>by-]{+by+} <a [-href=\"http://www.stallman.org/\";>Richard
+# | Stallman</a></strong>-] {+href=\"https://www.stallman.org/\";>Richard
+# | Stallman</a>+}
#, fuzzy
-#| msgid "Originally published in the book <em>Open Sources</em>"
-msgid ""
-"Originally published in the book <em>Open Sources</em>. Richard Stallman "
-"was <a href=\"/philosophy/open-source-misses-the-point.html\"> never a "
-"supporter of “open source”</a>, but contributed this article so "
-"that the ideas of the free software movement would not be entirely absent "
-"from that book."
-msgstr "Semula diterbitkan dalam buku <em>Open Sources</em>"
-
-#. type: Content of: <blockquote><p>
-msgid ""
-"Why it is even more important than ever <a href=\"/philosophy/free-software-"
-"even-more-important.html\">to insist that the software we use be free</a>."
+#| msgid ""
+#| "<strong>by <a href=\"http://www.stallman.org/\";>Richard Stallman</a></"
+#| "strong>"
+msgid "by <a href=\"https://www.stallman.org/\";>Richard Stallman</a>"
msgstr ""
+"<strong>oleh <a href=\"http://www.stallman.org/\";>Richard Stallman</a></"
+"strong>"
-#. type: Content of: <h3>
+#. type: Content of: <div><h3>
msgid "The first software-sharing community"
msgstr "Masyarakat Pertama Berbagi Perangkat Lunak Bebas"
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"When I started working at the <abbr title=\"Massachusetts Institute of "
"Technology\">MIT</abbr> Artificial Intelligence Lab in 1971, I became part "
@@ -83,15 +68,32 @@
"manusia memasak. Namun, kelompok kami-lah yang lebih sering melakukannya "
"lebih dari yang lain."
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
+# | The AI Lab used a timesharing operating system called <abbr
+# | title=\"Incompatible Timesharing System\">ITS</abbr> (the Incompatible
+# | Timesharing System) that the lab's staff [-hackers (1)-]
+# | {+hackers <a href=\"#ft1\">[1]</a>+} had designed and written in
+# | assembler language for the Digital <abbr title=\"Programmed Data
+# | Processor\">PDP</abbr>-10, one of the large computers of the era. As a
+# | member of this community, an AI Lab staff system hacker, my job was to
+# | improve this system.
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "The AI Lab used a timesharing operating system called <abbr title="
+#| "\"Incompatible Timesharing System\">ITS</abbr> (the Incompatible "
+#| "Timesharing System) that the lab's staff hackers (1) had designed and "
+#| "written in assembler language for the Digital <abbr title=\"Programmed "
+#| "Data Processor\">PDP</abbr>-10, one of the large computers of the era. "
+#| "As a member of this community, an AI Lab staff system hacker, my job was "
+#| "to improve this system."
msgid ""
"The AI Lab used a timesharing operating system called <abbr title="
"\"Incompatible Timesharing System\">ITS</abbr> (the Incompatible Timesharing "
-"System) that the lab's staff hackers (1) had designed and written in "
-"assembler language for the Digital <abbr title=\"Programmed Data Processor"
-"\">PDP</abbr>-10, one of the large computers of the era. As a member of "
-"this community, an AI Lab staff system hacker, my job was to improve this "
-"system."
+"System) that the lab's staff hackers <a href=\"#ft1\">[1]</a> had "
+"designed and written in assembler language for the Digital <abbr title="
+"\"Programmed Data Processor\">PDP</abbr>-10, one of the large computers of "
+"the era. As a member of this community, an AI Lab staff system hacker, my "
+"job was to improve this system."
msgstr ""
"Lab AI tersebut menggunakan sistem operasi <em>timesharing</em> bernama ITS "
"(<em>the Incompatible Timesharing System</em>) yang dirancang dan ditulis "
@@ -100,9 +102,24 @@
"zaman tersebut. Sebagai anggota kelompok tersebut, <em>hacker</em> sistem "
"lab, tugas daku ialah memperbaiki kinerja sistem."
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
+# | We did not call our software “free [-software”,-]
+# | {+software,”+} because that term did not yet exist; but that is what
+# | it was. Whenever people from another university or a company wanted to
+# | port and use a program, we gladly let them. If you saw someone using an
+# | unfamiliar and interesting program, you could always ask to see the source
+# | code, so that you could read it, change it, or cannibalize parts of it to
+# | make a new program.
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "We did not call our software “free software”, because that "
+#| "term did not yet exist; but that is what it was. Whenever people from "
+#| "another university or a company wanted to port and use a program, we "
+#| "gladly let them. If you saw someone using an unfamiliar and interesting "
+#| "program, you could always ask to see the source code, so that you could "
+#| "read it, change it, or cannibalize parts of it to make a new program."
msgid ""
-"We did not call our software “free software”, because that term "
+"We did not call our software “free software,” because that term "
"did not yet exist; but that is what it was. Whenever people from another "
"university or a company wanted to port and use a program, we gladly let "
"them. If you saw someone using an unfamiliar and interesting program, you "
@@ -118,40 +135,17 @@
"program tersebut, sehingga dapat membacanya, merubahnya, atau meng-kanibal "
"bagian untuk membuat sebuah program baru."
-#. type: Content of: <p>
-# | (1) The use of “hacker” to mean “security breaker”
-# | is a confusion on the part of the mass media. We hackers refuse to
-# | recognize that meaning, and continue using the word to [-mean,
-# | “Someone-] {+mean someone+} who loves to [-program and-] {+program,
-# | someone who+} enjoys [-being clever about it.”-] {+playful
-# | cleverness, or the combination of the two. See my article, <a
-# | href=\"http://stallman.org/articles/on-hacking.html\";>On Hacking</a>.+}
-#, fuzzy
-#| msgid ""
-#| "(1) The use of “hacker” to mean “security "
-#| "breaker” is a confusion on the part of the mass media. We hackers "
-#| "refuse to recognize that meaning, and continue using the word to mean, "
-#| "“Someone who loves to program and enjoys being clever about it."
-#| "”"
+#. type: Content of: <div><div><p>
msgid ""
-"(1) The use of “hacker” to mean “security breaker” "
-"is a confusion on the part of the mass media. We hackers refuse to "
-"recognize that meaning, and continue using the word to mean someone who "
-"loves to program, someone who enjoys playful cleverness, or the combination "
-"of the two. See my article, <a href=\"http://stallman.org/articles/on-";
-"hacking.html\">On Hacking</a>."
+"Why it is even more important than ever <a href=\"/philosophy/free-software-"
+"even-more-important.html\">to insist that the software we use be free</a>."
msgstr ""
-"(1) Penggunaan istilah “<em>hacker</em>” yang berarti “"
-"pembobol keamanan” merupakan kekacauan ciptaan sebagian media. Kami, "
-"para <em>hacker</em> menolak penggunaan arti negatif tersebut, dan tetap "
-"menggunakan kata tersebut dengan arti, “seseorang yang senang "
-"memrogram dan menikmati kecanggihan pemrogramannya tersebut”."
-#. type: Content of: <h3>
+#. type: Content of: <div><h3>
msgid "The collapse of the community"
msgstr "Runtuhnya Masyarakat Tersebut"
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"The situation changed drastically in the early 1980s when Digital "
"discontinued the PDP-10 series. Its architecture, elegant and powerful in "
@@ -165,15 +159,32 @@
"seiring dengan teknologi memori tahun 1980an. Dengan sendirinya, hampir "
"semua program pendukung ITS menjadi kadaluarsa."
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
+# | The AI Lab hacker community had already collapsed, not long before. In
+# | 1981, the spin-off company Symbolics had hired away nearly all of the
+# | hackers from the AI Lab, and the depopulated community was unable to
+# | maintain itself. (The book [-Hackers,-] {+<cite>Hackers</cite>,+} by
+# | Steve Levy, describes these events, as well as giving a clear picture of
+# | this community in its prime.) When the AI Lab bought a new PDP-10 in
+# | 1982, its administrators decided to use Digital's nonfree timesharing
+# | system instead of ITS.
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "The AI Lab hacker community had already collapsed, not long before. In "
+#| "1981, the spin-off company Symbolics had hired away nearly all of the "
+#| "hackers from the AI Lab, and the depopulated community was unable to "
+#| "maintain itself. (The book Hackers, by Steve Levy, describes these "
+#| "events, as well as giving a clear picture of this community in its "
+#| "prime.) When the AI Lab bought a new PDP-10 in 1982, its administrators "
+#| "decided to use Digital's nonfree timesharing system instead of ITS."
msgid ""
"The AI Lab hacker community had already collapsed, not long before. In "
"1981, the spin-off company Symbolics had hired away nearly all of the "
"hackers from the AI Lab, and the depopulated community was unable to "
-"maintain itself. (The book Hackers, by Steve Levy, describes these events, "
-"as well as giving a clear picture of this community in its prime.) When the "
-"AI Lab bought a new PDP-10 in 1982, its administrators decided to use "
-"Digital's nonfree timesharing system instead of ITS."
+"maintain itself. (The book <cite>Hackers</cite>, by Steve Levy, describes "
+"these events, as well as giving a clear picture of this community in its "
+"prime.) When the AI Lab bought a new PDP-10 in 1982, its administrators "
+"decided to use Digital's nonfree timesharing system instead of ITS."
msgstr ""
"Masyarakat <em>hacker</em> lab AI pun telah bubar sebelumnya. Tahun 1981, "
"perusahaan <em>spin-off</em> Symbolics telah memperkerjakan hampir seluruh "
@@ -183,7 +194,7 @@
"AI membeli PDP-10 baru (1982), pengelolanya memutuskan untuk menggunakan "
"sistem operasi <em>time sharing</em> Digital yang tidak bebas, dari pada ITS."
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"The modern computers of the era, such as the VAX or the 68020, had their own "
"operating systems, but none of them were free software: you had to sign a "
@@ -195,7 +206,7 @@
"(<em>nondisclosure</em>), walau pun hanya untuk mendapatkan salinan "
"<em>executable</em>."
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"This meant that the first step in using a computer was to promise not to "
"help your neighbor. A cooperating community was forbidden. The rule made "
@@ -210,7 +221,7 @@
"anda ingin perubahan (perangkat lunak), maka anda harus mengemis kepada kami "
"(para pemilik perangkat lunak).”"
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"The idea that the proprietary software social system—the system that "
"says you are not allowed to share or change software—is antisocial, "
@@ -234,10 +245,10 @@
"bekerja lama dan keras untuk meyakinkan masyarakat bahwa itu merupakan satu-"
"satunya cara melihat masalah ini."
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
# | When software publishers talk about “enforcing” their
# | “rights” or “stopping [-piracy”,-] {+<a
-# | href=\"/philosophy/words-to-avoid.html#Piracy\">piracy</a>”,+} what
+# | href=\"/philosophy/words-to-avoid.html#Piracy\">piracy</a>,”+} what
# | they actually <em>say</em> is secondary. The real message of these
# | statements is in the unstated assumptions they take for [-granted;-]
# | {+granted, which+} the public is [-supposed-] {+asked+} to accept [-them
@@ -253,7 +264,7 @@
msgid ""
"When software publishers talk about “enforcing” their “"
"rights” or “stopping <a href=\"/philosophy/words-to-avoid."
-"html#Piracy\">piracy</a>”, what they actually <em>say</em> is "
+"html#Piracy\">piracy</a>,” what they actually <em>say</em> is "
"secondary. The real message of these statements is in the unstated "
"assumptions they take for granted, which the public is asked to accept "
"without examination. Let's therefore examine them."
@@ -265,7 +276,7 @@
"bahwa masyarakat seharusnya menerima anggapan tersebut tidak secara kritis. "
"Jadi, marilah kita mencermati anggapan yang mereka gunakan."
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"One assumption is that software companies have an unquestionable natural "
"right to own software and thus have power over all its users. (If this were "
@@ -283,7 +294,7 @@
"buatan pemerintah yang membatasi hak dasar para pengguna untuk melakukan "
"penyalinan."
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"Another unstated assumption is that the only important thing about software "
"is what jobs it allows you to do—that we computer users should not "
@@ -294,7 +305,7 @@
"dilakukan—yaitu bahwa kita para pengguna komputer seharusnya tidak "
"peduli perihal bagaimana bentuk rupa masyarakat kita."
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"A third assumption is that we would have no usable software (or would never "
"have a program to do this or that particular job) if we did not offer a "
@@ -310,7 +321,7 @@
"dapat membuat banyak perangkat lunak bebas bermanfaat tanpa perlu merantai "
"penggunanya."
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"If we decline to accept these assumptions, and judge these issues based on "
"ordinary commonsense morality while placing the users first, we arrive at "
@@ -325,15 +336,15 @@
"berbagi perangkat lunak, sebab membantu sesama merupakan landasan dari "
"masyarakat."
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
# | There is no room here for an extensive statement of the reasoning behind
-# | this conclusion, so I refer the reader to the web page[-,-]{+s+} <a
-# | [-href=\"http://www.gnu.org/philosophy/why-free.html\";>
-# | http://www.gnu.org/philosophy/why-free.html</a>.-]
-# | {+href=\"/philosophy/why-free.html\">
-# | http://www.gnu.org/philosophy/why-free.html</a> and <a
-# | href=\"/philosophy/free-software-even-more-important.html\">
-# | http://www.gnu.org/philosophy/free-software-even-more-important.html</a>.+}
+# | this conclusion, so I refer the reader to [-the web page, <a
+# | href=\"http://www.gnu.org/philosophy/why-free.html\";>
+# | http://www.gnu.org/philosophy/why-free.html</a>.-] {+“<a
+# | href=\"/philosophy/why-free.html\">Why Software Should Not Have
+# | Owners</a>,” and “<a
+# | href=\"/philosophy/free-software-even-more-important.html\">Free Software
+# | Is Even More Important Now</a>.”+}
#, fuzzy
#| msgid ""
#| "There is no room here for an extensive statement of the reasoning behind "
@@ -342,20 +353,20 @@
#| "free.html</a>."
msgid ""
"There is no room here for an extensive statement of the reasoning behind "
-"this conclusion, so I refer the reader to the web pages <a href=\"/"
-"philosophy/why-free.html\"> http://www.gnu.org/philosophy/why-free.html</a> "
-"and <a href=\"/philosophy/free-software-even-more-important.html\"> http://";
-"www.gnu.org/philosophy/free-software-even-more-important.html</a>."
+"this conclusion, so I refer the reader to “<a href=\"/philosophy/why-"
+"free.html\">Why Software Should Not Have Owners</a>,” and “<a "
+"href=\"/philosophy/free-software-even-more-important.html\">Free Software Is "
+"Even More Important Now</a>.”"
msgstr ""
"Penjelasan lengkap yang merupakan alasan dari kesimpulan ini, dapat diikuti "
"di <a href=\"/philosophy/why-free.html\"> http://www.gnu.org/philosophy/why-";
"free.html</a>."
-#. type: Content of: <h3>
+#. type: Content of: <div><h3>
msgid "A stark moral choice"
msgstr "Pilihan Nurani Penentu"
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"With my community gone, to continue as before was impossible. Instead, I "
"faced a stark moral choice."
@@ -363,7 +374,7 @@
"Dengan bubarnya kelompok tersebut di atas, melanjutkan seperti biasa menjadi "
"tidak mungkin. Malahan, daku menghadapi pilihan nurani penentu."
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"The easy choice was to join the proprietary software world, signing "
"nondisclosure agreements and promising not to help my fellow hacker. Most "
@@ -377,7 +388,7 @@
"perangkat lunak yang akan diluncurkan dengan perjanjian menjaga rahasia, "
"sehingga menambah tekanan agar yang lain turut mengkhianati rekannya."
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"I could have made money this way, and perhaps amused myself writing code. "
"But I knew that at the end of my career, I would look back on years of "
@@ -390,7 +401,7 @@
"pemisah manusia, dan akan merasa telah membuat dunia ini menjadi tempat yang "
"buruk."
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"I had already experienced being on the receiving end of a nondisclosure "
"agreement, when someone refused to give me and the MIT AI Lab the source "
@@ -409,7 +420,7 @@
"berbagi dengan kami, namun daku tidak mau membalas dendam dengan berbuat "
"yang sama."
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"Another choice, straightforward but unpleasant, was to leave the computer "
"field. That way my skills would not be misused, but they would still be "
@@ -422,7 +433,7 @@
"sebagai pemecah-belah dan penghambat para pengguna komputer, namun kejadian "
"tersebut tetap akan terjadi."
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"So I looked for a way that a programmer could do something for the good. I "
"asked myself, was there a program or programs that I could write, so as to "
@@ -433,7 +444,7 @@
"beberapa program yang dapat ditulis, sehingga dapat menciptakan sebuah "
"masyarakat seperti sebelumnya?"
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"The answer was clear: what was needed first was an operating system. That "
"is the crucial software for starting to use a computer. With an operating "
@@ -450,14 +461,15 @@
"Dan siapa pun akan dapat menggunakan komputer tanpa harus berjanji untuk "
"berkhianat pada sesamanya."
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
# | As an operating system developer, I had the right skills for this job. So
# | even though I could not take success for granted, I realized that I was
# | elected to do the job. I chose to make the system compatible with Unix so
# | that it would be portable, and so that Unix users could easily switch to
# | it. The name GNU was chosen, following a hacker tradition, as a recursive
# | acronym for “GNU's Not Unix.” {+It is pronounced as <a
-# | href=\"/gnu/pronunciation.html\">one syllable with a hard g</a>.+}
+# | href=\"/gnu/pronunciation.html\">one syllable with a
+# | hard <i>g</i></a>.+}
#, fuzzy
#| msgid ""
#| "As an operating system developer, I had the right skills for this job. "
@@ -473,7 +485,7 @@
"that it would be portable, and so that Unix users could easily switch to "
"it. The name GNU was chosen, following a hacker tradition, as a recursive "
"acronym for “GNU's Not Unix.” It is pronounced as <a href=\"/gnu/"
-"pronunciation.html\">one syllable with a hard g</a>."
+"pronunciation.html\">one syllable with a hard <i>g</i></a>."
msgstr ""
"Sebagai pengembang sistem operasi, ketrampilan daku memang sesuai sekali. "
"Walau pun tidak yakin akan berhasil, daku menyadari bahwa ini merupakan "
@@ -481,7 +493,7 @@
"sebagai singkatan rekursif dari “<em>GNU's Not Unix</em>” (GNU "
"Bukan Unix)."
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"An operating system does not mean just a kernel, barely enough to run other "
"programs. In the 1970s, every operating system worthy of the name included "
@@ -496,39 +508,37 @@
"<em>debugger</em>, editor teks, <em>mailer</em>, dan lainnya. Tentunya, GNU "
"harus menyertakannya pula."
-#. type: Content of: <p>
-msgid "Later I heard these words, attributed to Hillel (1):"
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
+# | Later I heard these words, attributed to [-Hillel (1):-] {+Hillel <a
+# | href=\"#ft2\">[2]</a>:+}
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid "Later I heard these words, attributed to Hillel (1):"
+msgid ""
+"Later I heard these words, attributed to Hillel <a href=\"#ft2\">[2]</"
+"a>:"
msgstr "Belakang, daku mendengar kata-kata ini, dikutip dari Hillel (1):"
-#. type: Content of: <blockquote><p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><blockquote><p>
msgid "If I am not for myself, who will be for me?"
msgstr "Jika daku bukan untukku sendiri, siapakah akan buatku?"
-#. type: Content of: <blockquote><p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><blockquote><p>
msgid "If I am only for myself, what am I?"
msgstr "Jika daku hanya untukku, siapakah daku?"
-#. type: Content of: <blockquote><p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><blockquote><p>
msgid "If not now, when?"
msgstr "Jika tidak sekarang, kapan?"
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid "The decision to start the GNU Project was based on a similar spirit."
msgstr "Keputusan untuk memulai proyek GNU berdasarkan semangat yang serupa."
-#. type: Content of: <p>
-msgid ""
-"(1) As an Atheist, I don't follow any religious leaders, but I sometimes "
-"find I admire something one of them has said."
-msgstr ""
-"(1) Sebagai ateis, daku bukan pengikut kepemimpinan agama mana pun, namun "
-"terkadang saya mengagumi beberapa perkataan yang diucapkan."
-
-#. type: Content of: <h3>
+#. type: Content of: <div><h3>
msgid "Free as in freedom"
msgstr "Bebas Seperti Dalam Kebebasan"
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"The term “free software” is sometimes misunderstood—it has "
"nothing to do with price. It is about freedom. Here, therefore, is the "
@@ -538,15 +548,15 @@
"artikan—serta tidak berkaitan dengan harga. Ini mengenai kebebasan. "
"Jadi, berikut ini merupakan definisi dari perangkat lunak bebas."
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid "A program is free software, for you, a particular user, if:"
msgstr ""
-#. type: Content of: <ul><li>
+#. type: Content of: <div><ul><li>
msgid "You have the freedom to run the program as you wish, for any purpose."
msgstr "Anda punya kebebasan untuk menjalankan program, untuk apa pun."
-#. type: Content of: <ul><li>
+#. type: Content of: <div><ul><li>
msgid ""
"You have the freedom to modify the program to suit your needs. (To make "
"this freedom effective in practice, you must have access to the source code, "
@@ -557,14 +567,14 @@
"(agar kebebasan ini efektif, anda musti punya akses ke kode program, sebab "
"mengubah program tanpa kode program sangat menyulitkan)."
-#. type: Content of: <ul><li>
+#. type: Content of: <div><ul><li>
msgid ""
"You have the freedom to redistribute copies, either gratis or for a fee."
msgstr ""
"Anda punya kebebasan untuk mendistribusikan salinannya, secara gratis atau "
"pun dengan biaya."
-#. type: Content of: <ul><li>
+#. type: Content of: <div><ul><li>
msgid ""
"You have the freedom to distribute modified versions of the program, so that "
"the community can benefit from your improvements."
@@ -572,7 +582,7 @@
"Anda punya kebebasan untuk distribusikan versi termodifikasi. Sehingga "
"masyarakat mendapatkan kesempatan untuk turut menikmati perubahan tersebut."
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"Since “free” refers to freedom, not to price, there is no "
"contradiction between selling copies and free software. In fact, the "
@@ -589,14 +599,16 @@
"lunak bebas. Jika tidak termasuk dalam himpunan tersebut, maka tidaklah "
"dapat dikatakan sebagai perangkat lunak bebas."
-#. type: Content of: <p>
-# | Because of the ambiguity of “free”, people have long looked
-# | for alternatives, but no one has found a [-suitable alternative.-]
-# | {+better term.+} The English language has more words and nuances than any
-# | other, but it lacks a simple, unambiguous, word that means
-# | “free”, as in freedom—“unfettered” being the
-# | word that comes closest in meaning. Such alternatives as
-# | “liberated”, “freedom”, and “open”
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
+# | Because of the ambiguity of [-“free”,-]
+# | {+“free,”+} people have long looked for alternatives, but no
+# | one has found a [-suitable alternative.-] {+better term.+} The English
+# | language has more words and nuances than any other, but it lacks a simple,
+# | unambiguous, word that means [-“free”,-]
+# | {+“free,”+} as in freedom—“unfettered” being
+# | the word that comes closest in meaning. Such alternatives as
+# | [-“liberated”, “freedom”,-]
+# | {+“liberated,” “freedom,”+} and “open”
# | have either the wrong meaning or some other disadvantage.
#, fuzzy
#| msgid ""
@@ -609,12 +621,12 @@
#| "freedom”, and “open” have either the wrong meaning or "
#| "some other disadvantage."
msgid ""
-"Because of the ambiguity of “free”, people have long looked for "
+"Because of the ambiguity of “free,” people have long looked for "
"alternatives, but no one has found a better term. The English language has "
"more words and nuances than any other, but it lacks a simple, unambiguous, "
-"word that means “free”, as in freedom—“"
+"word that means “free,” as in freedom—“"
"unfettered” being the word that comes closest in meaning. Such "
-"alternatives as “liberated”, “freedom”, and “"
+"alternatives as “liberated,” “freedom,” and “"
"open” have either the wrong meaning or some other disadvantage."
msgstr ""
"Karena kebingungan terhadap kata “bebas” ini, banyak yang "
@@ -624,11 +636,11 @@
"merdeka”, “kemerdekaan”, “terbuka” dapat "
"berarti lain atau pun mengandung kelemahan lainnya."
-#. type: Content of: <h3>
+#. type: Content of: <div><h3>
msgid "GNU software and the GNU system"
msgstr "Perangkat Lunak GNU dan sistem GNU"
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"Developing a whole system is a very large project. To bring it into reach, "
"I decided to adapt and use existing pieces of free software wherever that "
@@ -643,7 +655,7 @@
"sistem <em>X Window</em> dari pada membuat sistem <em>window</em> sendiri "
"untuk GNU."
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
# | Because of [-this decision,-] {+these decisions, and others like them,+}
# | the GNU system is not the same as the collection of all GNU software. The
# | GNU system includes programs that are not GNU software, programs that were
@@ -669,11 +681,11 @@
"untuk keperluan mereka sendiri, namun kita dapa gunakan karena merupakan "
"perangkat lunak bebas."
-#. type: Content of: <h3>
+#. type: Content of: <div><h3>
msgid "Commencing the project"
msgstr "Perluncuran Proyek"
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"In January 1984 I quit my job at MIT and began writing GNU software. "
"Leaving MIT was necessary so that MIT would not be able to interfere with "
@@ -694,7 +706,7 @@
"tidak dapat digunakan untuk membangun sebuah masyarakat yang berbagi "
"perangkat lunak."
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"However, Professor Winston, then the head of the MIT AI Lab, kindly invited "
"me to keep using the lab's facilities."
@@ -702,15 +714,29 @@
"Namun, Prof. Winston, ketika itu kepala lab AI MIT, berkenan mengundang daku "
"untuk tetap menggunakan lab tersebut."
-#. type: Content of: <h3>
+#. type: Content of: <div><h3>
msgid "The first steps"
msgstr "Beberapa langkah Pertama"
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
+# | Shortly before beginning the GNU Project, I heard about the Free
+# | University Compiler Kit, also known as VUCK. (The Dutch word for
+# | “free” is written with a [-<em>v</em>.)-] {+<i>v</i>.)+} This
+# | was a compiler designed to handle multiple languages, including C and
+# | Pascal, and to support multiple target machines. I wrote to its author
+# | asking if GNU could use it.
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "Shortly before beginning the GNU Project, I heard about the Free "
+#| "University Compiler Kit, also known as VUCK. (The Dutch word for “"
+#| "free” is written with a <em>v</em>.) This was a compiler designed "
+#| "to handle multiple languages, including C and Pascal, and to support "
+#| "multiple target machines. I wrote to its author asking if GNU could use "
+#| "it."
msgid ""
"Shortly before beginning the GNU Project, I heard about the Free University "
"Compiler Kit, also known as VUCK. (The Dutch word for “free” is "
-"written with a <em>v</em>.) This was a compiler designed to handle multiple "
+"written with a <i>v</i>.) This was a compiler designed to handle multiple "
"languages, including C and Pascal, and to support multiple target machines. "
"I wrote to its author asking if GNU could use it."
msgstr ""
@@ -721,7 +747,7 @@
"menangani aneka bahasa, termasuk C dan Pascal, serta mendukung berbagai "
"arsitektur mesin. Kutanyai sang pengarang apakah GNU boleh menggunakannya."
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"He responded derisively, stating that the university was free but the "
"compiler was not. I therefore decided that my first program for the GNU "
@@ -731,7 +757,7 @@
"tidak. Jadi, kuputuskan bahwa program pertama proyek GNU seharusnya kompiler "
"aneka bahasa untuk berbagai arsitektur perangkat keras."
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"Hoping to avoid the need to write the whole compiler myself, I obtained the "
"source code for the Pastel compiler, which was a multiplatform compiler "
@@ -750,11 +776,31 @@
"karena sang kompiler membutuhkan beberapa <em>megabytes</em> ruang "
"<em>stack</em>, padahal sistem Unix 68000 hanya membolehkan 64k."
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
+# | I then realized that the Pastel compiler functioned by parsing the entire
+# | input file into a syntax tree, converting the whole syntax tree into a
+# | chain of [-“instructions”,-] {+“instructions,”+}
+# | and then generating the whole output file, without ever freeing any
+# | storage. At this point, I concluded I would have to write a new compiler
+# | from scratch. That new compiler is now known as <abbr title=\"GNU
+# | Compiler Collection\">GCC</abbr>; none of the Pastel compiler is used in
+# | it, but I managed to adapt and use the C front end that I had written.
+# | But that was some years later; first, I worked on GNU Emacs.
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "I then realized that the Pastel compiler functioned by parsing the entire "
+#| "input file into a syntax tree, converting the whole syntax tree into a "
+#| "chain of “instructions”, and then generating the whole output "
+#| "file, without ever freeing any storage. At this point, I concluded I "
+#| "would have to write a new compiler from scratch. That new compiler is "
+#| "now known as <abbr title=\"GNU Compiler Collection\">GCC</abbr>; none of "
+#| "the Pastel compiler is used in it, but I managed to adapt and use the C "
+#| "front end that I had written. But that was some years later; first, I "
+#| "worked on GNU Emacs."
msgid ""
"I then realized that the Pastel compiler functioned by parsing the entire "
"input file into a syntax tree, converting the whole syntax tree into a chain "
-"of “instructions”, and then generating the whole output file, "
+"of “instructions,” and then generating the whole output file, "
"without ever freeing any storage. At this point, I concluded I would have "
"to write a new compiler from scratch. That new compiler is now known as "
"<abbr title=\"GNU Compiler Collection\">GCC</abbr>; none of the Pastel "
@@ -772,11 +818,11 @@
"kutulis. Namun, ini baru terjadi beberapa tahun kemudian; pertama-tama daku "
"mengerjakan GNU Emacs."
-#. type: Content of: <h3>
+#. type: Content of: <div><h3>
msgid "GNU Emacs"
msgstr "GNU Emacs"
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"I began work on GNU Emacs in September 1984, and in early 1985 it was "
"beginning to be usable. This enabled me to begin using Unix systems to do "
@@ -788,7 +834,7 @@
"untuk keperluan pengeditan. Karena tidak pernah berniat untuk belajar "
"menggunakan vi atau ed, daku sebelum itu menggunakan mesin-mesin lainnya."
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"At this point, people began wanting to use GNU Emacs, which raised the "
"question of how to distribute it. Of course, I put it on the anonymous ftp "
@@ -807,7 +853,7 @@
"tersebut, banyak yang tidak memiliki sambungan Internet sehingga tidak dapat "
"ftp. Jadi, apa yang dapat dilakukan untuk mereka?"
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
# | I could have said, “Find a friend who is on the net and who will
# | make a copy for you.” Or I could have done what I did with the
# | original PDP-10 Emacs: tell them, “Mail me a tape and a <abbr
@@ -851,11 +897,11 @@
"perusahaan-perusahaan dewasa ini yang mendistribusikan sistem GNU berbasis "
"Linux."
-#. type: Content of: <h3>
+#. type: Content of: <div><h3>
msgid "Is a program free for every user?"
msgstr "Apakah sebuah program bebas untuk setiap pengguna?"
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"If a program is free software when it leaves the hands of its author, this "
"does not necessarily mean it will be free software for everyone who has a "
@@ -876,7 +922,7 @@
"diedarkan menggunakan lisensi sederhana yang mengizinkan modifikasi "
"berpemilik."
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"The paradigmatic example of this problem is the X Window System. Developed "
"at MIT, and released as free software with a permissive license, it was soon "
@@ -892,11 +938,23 @@
"Salinan X tersebut tidak lagi perangkat lunak bebas, seperti halnya Unix "
"mereka."
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
+# | The developers of the X Window System did not consider this a
+# | problem—they expected and intended this to happen. Their goal was
+# | not freedom, just [-“success”,-] {+“success,”+}
+# | defined as “having many users.” They did not care whether
+# | these users had freedom, only that they should be numerous.
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "The developers of the X Window System did not consider this a "
+#| "problem—they expected and intended this to happen. Their goal was "
+#| "not freedom, just “success”, defined as “having many "
+#| "users.” They did not care whether these users had freedom, only "
+#| "that they should be numerous."
msgid ""
"The developers of the X Window System did not consider this a problem—"
"they expected and intended this to happen. Their goal was not freedom, just "
-"“success”, defined as “having many users.” They did "
+"“success,” defined as “having many users.” They did "
"not care whether these users had freedom, only that they should be numerous."
msgstr ""
"Para pengembang sistem <em>X Window</em> tidak menganggap ini sebagai "
@@ -905,7 +963,7 @@
"dengan “digunakan secara luas”. Mereka tidak peduli apakah para "
"pengguna memiliki kebebasan, asalkan jumlahnya banyak."
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"This led to a paradoxical situation where two different ways of counting the "
"amount of freedom gave different answers to the question, “Is this "
@@ -924,23 +982,34 @@
"yang merupakan bagian dari sistem Unix mereka, dan bukan menjalankan versi "
"bebasnya."
-#. type: Content of: <h3>
+#. type: Content of: <div><h3>
msgid "Copyleft and the GNU GPL"
msgstr "<em>Copyleft</em> dan <em>GNU GPL</em>"
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
+# | The goal of GNU was to give users freedom, not just to be popular. So we
+# | needed to use distribution terms that would prevent GNU software from
+# | being turned into proprietary software. The method we use is called
+# | [-“copyleft”.(1)-] {+“copyleft” <a
+# | href=\"#ft3\">[3]</a>.+}
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "The goal of GNU was to give users freedom, not just to be popular. So we "
+#| "needed to use distribution terms that would prevent GNU software from "
+#| "being turned into proprietary software. The method we use is called "
+#| "“copyleft”.(1)"
msgid ""
"The goal of GNU was to give users freedom, not just to be popular. So we "
"needed to use distribution terms that would prevent GNU software from being "
"turned into proprietary software. The method we use is called “"
-"copyleft”.(1)"
+"copyleft” <a href=\"#ft3\">[3]</a>."
msgstr ""
"Tujuan dari GNU ialah memberikan kebebasan kepada para pengguna, dan bukan "
"untuk menjadi terkenal. Jadi, kami membutuhkan ketentuan distribusi yang "
"mencegah perangkat lunak GNU menjadi berpemilik. Cara ini kami namakan "
"“<em>Copyleft</em>”.(1)"
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
# | Copyleft uses copyright law, but flips it over to serve the opposite of
# | its usual purpose: instead of a means [-of privatizing software,-] {+for
# | restricting a program,+} it becomes a means [-of-] {+for+} keeping
@@ -959,7 +1028,7 @@
"untuk tujuan yang bertolak belakang: bukan berarti untuk menjadi milik "
"pribadi, namun agar perangkat lunak tetap bebas."
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"The central idea of copyleft is that we give everyone permission to run the "
"program, copy the program, modify the program, and distribute modified "
@@ -973,7 +1042,7 @@
"merumuskan “perangkat lunak bebas” terjamin untuk siapa pun yang "
"memiliki salinan; dan merupakan hak yang tidak dapat dibatalkan."
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"For an effective copyleft, modified versions must also be free. This "
"ensures that work based on ours becomes available to our community if it is "
@@ -990,7 +1059,7 @@
"perubahan tersebut, sebab kami akan menggunakannya untuk versi berpemilik "
"program kami.”"
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"The requirement that changes must be free is essential if we want to ensure "
"freedom for every user of the program. The companies that privatized the X "
@@ -1008,7 +1077,7 @@
"penolakan kebebasan, hal tersebut akan dengan mudah dimanfaatkan siapa pun "
"sebagai alasan."
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"A related issue concerns combining a free program with nonfree code. Such a "
"combination would inevitably be nonfree; whichever freedoms are lacking for "
@@ -1027,12 +1096,13 @@
"dengan program <em>copyleft</em> harus sedemikian rupa hingga versi "
"kombinasi tersebut harus bebas dan <em>copyleft</em>."
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
# | The specific implementation of copyleft that we use for most GNU software
# | is the GNU General Public License, or GNU GPL for short. We have other
# | kinds of copyleft that are used in specific circumstances. GNU manuals
# | are copylefted also, but use a much simpler kind of copyleft, because the
-# | complexity of the GNU GPL is not necessary for [-manuals.-] {+manuals.(2)+}
+# | complexity of the GNU GPL is not necessary for [-manuals.-]
+# | {+manuals. <a href=\"#ft4\">[4]</a>+}
#, fuzzy
#| msgid ""
#| "The specific implementation of copyleft that we use for most GNU software "
@@ -1045,7 +1115,8 @@
"the GNU General Public License, or GNU GPL for short. We have other kinds "
"of copyleft that are used in specific circumstances. GNU manuals are "
"copylefted also, but use a much simpler kind of copyleft, because the "
-"complexity of the GNU GPL is not necessary for manuals.(2)"
+"complexity of the GNU GPL is not necessary for manuals. <a href="
+"\"#ft4\">[4]</a>"
msgstr ""
"Implementasi <em>copyleft</em> yang kami gunakan untuk hampir semua "
"perangkat lunak GNU ialah <em>GNU General Public License</em> (Lisensi "
@@ -1054,36 +1125,35 @@
"<em>copyleft</em>, namun lebih sederhana, karena kerumitan GNU GPL tidak "
"diperlukan untuk manual."
-#. type: Content of: <p>
-msgid ""
-"(1) In 1984 or 1985, Don Hopkins (a very imaginative fellow) mailed me a "
-"letter. On the envelope he had written several amusing sayings, including "
-"this one: “Copyleft—all rights reversed.” I used the word "
-"“copyleft” to name the distribution concept I was developing at "
-"the time."
-msgstr ""
-"(1) Pada tahun 1984 atau 1985, Don Hopkins (seorang yang penuh gagasan) "
-"mengirimkan daku sebuah surat. Pada amplopnya dituliskan beberapa kalimat "
-"menarik termasuk: “<em>Copyleft—all rights reversed</em>.” "
-"Lalu, kugunakan istilah “<em>copyleft</em>” untuk konsep "
-"distribusi yang sedang dikembangkan pada saat itu."
-
-#. type: Content of: <p>
-msgid ""
-"(2) We now use the <a href=\"/licenses/fdl.html\">GNU Free Documentation "
-"License</a> for documentation."
-msgstr ""
-
-#. type: Content of: <h3>
+#. type: Content of: <div><h3>
msgid "The Free Software Foundation"
msgstr ""
"<cite>The Free Software Foundation</cite>—Yayasan Perangkat Lunak Bebas"
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
+# | As interest in using Emacs was growing, other people became involved in
+# | the GNU project, and we decided that it was time to seek funding once
+# | again. So in 1985 we created the <a
+# | href=\"http{+s+}://www.fsf.org/\">Free Software Foundation</a> (FSF), a
+# | tax-exempt charity for free software development. The <abbr title=\"Free
+# | Software Foundation\">FSF</abbr> also took over the Emacs tape
+# | distribution business; later it extended this by adding other free
+# | software (both GNU and non-GNU) to the tape, and by selling free manuals
+# | as well.
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "As interest in using Emacs was growing, other people became involved in "
+#| "the GNU project, and we decided that it was time to seek funding once "
+#| "again. So in 1985 we created the <a href=\"http://www.fsf.org/\";>Free "
+#| "Software Foundation</a> (FSF), a tax-exempt charity for free software "
+#| "development. The <abbr title=\"Free Software Foundation\">FSF</abbr> "
+#| "also took over the Emacs tape distribution business; later it extended "
+#| "this by adding other free software (both GNU and non-GNU) to the tape, "
+#| "and by selling free manuals as well."
msgid ""
"As interest in using Emacs was growing, other people became involved in the "
"GNU project, and we decided that it was time to seek funding once again. So "
-"in 1985 we created the <a href=\"http://www.fsf.org/\";>Free Software "
+"in 1985 we created the <a href=\"https://www.fsf.org/\";>Free Software "
"Foundation</a> (FSF), a tax-exempt charity for free software development. "
"The <abbr title=\"Free Software Foundation\">FSF</abbr> also took over the "
"Emacs tape distribution business; later it extended this by adding other "
@@ -1100,7 +1170,7 @@
"<em>tape</em> Emacs; serta kemudian menambahkan perangkat lunak bebas "
"lainnya (GNU dan non-GNU), serta berjualan manual bebas pula."
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
# | [-The FSF accepts donations, but most-]{+Most+} of [-its-] {+the FSF's+}
# | income [-has always-] {+used to+} come from [-sales—of-] {+sales
# | of+} copies of free software[-,-] and of other related [-services. Today
@@ -1109,9 +1179,9 @@
# | freedom to redistribute and modify), and Deluxe Distributions [-(where-]
# | {+(distributions for which+} we buil[-d-]{+t+} the whole collection of
# | software for [-your-] {+the customer's+} choice of platform). {+Today the
-# | FSF still <a href=\"http://shop.fsf.org/\";> sells manuals and other
+# | FSF still <a href=\"https://shop.fsf.org/\";> sells manuals and other
# | gear</a>, but it gets the bulk of its funding from members' dues. You can
-# | join the FSF at <a href=\"http://fsf.org/join\";>fsf.org</a>.+}
+# | join the FSF at <a href=\"https://my.fsf.org/join\";>fsf.org</a>.+}
#, fuzzy
#| msgid ""
#| "The FSF accepts donations, but most of its income has always come from "
@@ -1126,9 +1196,9 @@
"binaries, nicely printed manuals, all with the freedom to redistribute and "
"modify), and Deluxe Distributions (distributions for which we built the "
"whole collection of software for the customer's choice of platform). Today "
-"the FSF still <a href=\"http://shop.fsf.org/\";> sells manuals and other "
+"the FSF still <a href=\"https://shop.fsf.org/\";> sells manuals and other "
"gear</a>, but it gets the bulk of its funding from members' dues. You can "
-"join the FSF at <a href=\"http://fsf.org/join\";>fsf.org</a>."
+"join the FSF at <a href=\"https://my.fsf.org/join\";>fsf.org</a>."
msgstr ""
"FSF pun menerima donasi , namun kebanyakan pemasukan berasal "
"berjualan— salinan perangkat lunak bebas, serta layanan berhubungan "
@@ -1137,7 +1207,24 @@
"serta distribusi Istimewa (<em>Deluxe</em>: kami buatkan seluruh koleksi "
"kami pada perangkat keras pilihan anda)."
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
+# | Free Software Foundation employees have written and maintained a number of
+# | GNU software packages. Two notable ones are the C library and the shell.
+# | The GNU C library is what every program running on a GNU/Linux system uses
+# | to communicate with Linux. It was developed by a member of the Free
+# | Software Foundation staff, Roland McGrath. The shell used on most
+# | GNU/Linux systems is <abbr title=\"Bourne Again Shell\">BASH</abbr>, the
+# | Bourne Again [-Shell(1),-] {+SHell <a href=\"#ft5\">[5]</a>,+} which
+# | was developed by FSF employee Brian Fox.
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "Free Software Foundation employees have written and maintained a number "
+#| "of GNU software packages. Two notable ones are the C library and the "
+#| "shell. The GNU C library is what every program running on a GNU/Linux "
+#| "system uses to communicate with Linux. It was developed by a member of "
+#| "the Free Software Foundation staff, Roland McGrath. The shell used on "
+#| "most GNU/Linux systems is <abbr title=\"Bourne Again Shell\">BASH</abbr>, "
+#| "the Bourne Again Shell(1), which was developed by FSF employee Brian Fox."
msgid ""
"Free Software Foundation employees have written and maintained a number of "
"GNU software packages. Two notable ones are the C library and the shell. "
@@ -1145,7 +1232,8 @@
"to communicate with Linux. It was developed by a member of the Free "
"Software Foundation staff, Roland McGrath. The shell used on most GNU/Linux "
"systems is <abbr title=\"Bourne Again Shell\">BASH</abbr>, the Bourne Again "
-"Shell(1), which was developed by FSF employee Brian Fox."
+"SHell <a href=\"#ft5\">[5]</a>, which was developed by FSF employee "
+"Brian Fox."
msgstr ""
"FSF memperkerjakan karyawan yang menulis dan memelihara sejumlah paket "
"perangkat lunak GNU. Dua unggulan utama ialah <em>C library</em> dan "
@@ -1156,7 +1244,7 @@
"\"Bourne Again Shell\">BASH</abbr>, <em>Bourne Again Shell</em>(1), yang "
"dikembangkan oleh karyawan FSF, Brian Fox."
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"We funded development of these programs because the GNU Project was not just "
"about tools or a development environment. Our goal was a complete operating "
@@ -1166,25 +1254,11 @@
"hanya pengembangan alat bantu. Tujuan kami ialah sebuah sistem operaso "
"lengkap, dan program tersebut diatas diperlukan untuk tujuan tersebut."
-#. type: Content of: <p>
-# | (1) “Bourne Again Shell” is a [-joke-] {+play+} on the name
-# | “Bourne Shell”, which was the usual shell on Unix.
-#, fuzzy
-#| msgid ""
-#| "(1) “Bourne Again Shell” is a joke on the name “Bourne "
-#| "Shell”, which was the usual shell on Unix."
-msgid ""
-"(1) “Bourne Again Shell” is a play on the name “Bourne "
-"Shell”, which was the usual shell on Unix."
-msgstr ""
-"(1) “<em>Bourne Again Shell</em>” merupakan lulucon untuk nama "
-"“Bourne Shell”, yang merupakan <em>shell</em> umum pada Unix."
-
-#. type: Content of: <h3>
+#. type: Content of: <div><h3>
msgid "Free software support"
msgstr "Dukungan Perangkat Lunak Bebas"
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"The free software philosophy rejects a specific widespread business "
"practice, but it is not against business. When businesses respect the "
@@ -1194,7 +1268,7 @@
"tertentu, namun tidak menolak bisnis itu sendiri. Jika bisnis tersebut "
"menghormati kebebasan para pengguna, kami ucapkan semoga mereka berhasil."
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"Selling copies of Emacs demonstrates one kind of free software business. "
"When the FSF took over that business, I needed another way to make a "
@@ -1211,7 +1285,7 @@
"pengembangan perangkat lunak, seperti <em>porting</em> GCC kesebuah "
"arsitektur baru."
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"Today each of these kinds of free software business is practiced by a number "
"of corporations. Some distribute free software collections on CD-ROM; "
@@ -1226,13 +1300,13 @@
"menambahkan fitur baru. Kami pun mulai mendapatkan perusahaan perangkat "
"lunak bebas yang berbasis peluncuran produk perangkat lunak bebas baru."
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
# | Watch out, though—a number of companies that associate themselves
# | with the term “open source” actually base their business on
# | nonfree software that works with free software. These are not free
# | software companies, they are proprietary software companies whose products
# | tempt users away from freedom. They call these [-“value
-# | added”,-] {+programs “value-added packages”,+} which
+# | added”,-] {+programs “value-added packages,”+} which
# | [-reflects-] {+shows+} the values they would like us to adopt: convenience
# | above freedom. If we value freedom more, we should call them
# | “freedom-subtracted” [-products.-] {+packages.+}
@@ -1252,7 +1326,7 @@
"software that works with free software. These are not free software "
"companies, they are proprietary software companies whose products tempt "
"users away from freedom. They call these programs “value-added "
-"packages”, which shows the values they would like us to adopt: "
+"packages,” which shows the values they would like us to adopt: "
"convenience above freedom. If we value freedom more, we should call them "
"“freedom-subtracted” packages."
msgstr ""
@@ -1266,11 +1340,11 @@
"menghargai kebebasan, kita seharusnya menyebut mereka dengan produk “"
"perampas kebebasan”."
-#. type: Content of: <h3>
+#. type: Content of: <div><h3>
msgid "Technical goals"
msgstr "Tujuan Teknis"
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"The principal goal of GNU is to be free software. Even if GNU had no "
"technical advantage over Unix, it would have a social advantage, allowing "
@@ -1281,7 +1355,7 @@
"sosial, yaitu mengizinkan para pengguna bekerja-sama, serta akan memiliki "
"keunggulan etis, yaitu menghormati kebebasan para pengguna."
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"But it was natural to apply the known standards of good practice to the "
"work—for example, dynamically allocating data structures to avoid "
@@ -1293,7 +1367,7 @@
"sembarang batasan ukuran statik, serta penggunaan seluruh kode 8 bit, jika "
"diperlukan."
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"In addition, we rejected the Unix focus on small memory size, by deciding "
"not to support 16-bit machines (it was clear that 32-bit machines would be "
@@ -1311,7 +1385,7 @@
"menanjurkan agar membaca seluruh berkas tanpa harus khawatir terhadap <em>I/"
"O</em> (keluaran/masukan)."
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"These decisions enabled many GNU programs to surpass their Unix counterparts "
"in reliability and speed."
@@ -1319,11 +1393,11 @@
"Keputusan ini memungkinkan kebanyakan program GNU mengungguli program asli "
"Unix dalam kehandalan dan kecepatan."
-#. type: Content of: <h3>
+#. type: Content of: <div><h3>
msgid "Donated computers"
msgstr "Sumbangan Komputer"
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"As the GNU Project's reputation grew, people began offering to donate "
"machines running Unix to the project. These were very useful, because the "
@@ -1338,7 +1412,7 @@
"masalah etis: apakah kami berhak memiliki salinan Unix untuk keperluan "
"tersebut."
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"Unix was (and is) proprietary software, and the GNU Project's philosophy "
"said that we should not use proprietary software. But, applying the same "
@@ -1355,7 +1429,7 @@
"perangkat lunak bebas pengganti, sehingga akan menghentikan penggunaan "
"perangkat lunak berpemilik."
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"But, even if this was a justifiable evil, it was still an evil. Today we no "
"longer have any copies of Unix, because we have replaced them with free "
@@ -1368,11 +1442,11 @@
"tidak dapat menggantikan sistem operasi sebuah mesin, kami akan mengganti "
"mesin tersebut."
-#. type: Content of: <h3>
+#. type: Content of: <div><h3>
msgid "The GNU Task List"
msgstr "Daftar Tugas GNU"
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"As the GNU Project proceeded, and increasing numbers of system components "
"were found or developed, eventually it became useful to make a list of the "
@@ -1391,11 +1465,12 @@
"beberapa proyek perangkat lunak dan dokumen yang bermanfaat, dan kami pikir, "
"sistem lengkap yang sebaiknya kami punyai."
-#. type: Content of: <p>
-# | [-Today,-]{+Today (1),+} hardly any Unix components are left in the GNU
-# | Task List—those jobs [-have-] {+had+} been done, aside from a few
-# | inessential ones. But the list is full of projects that some might call
-# | “applications”. Any program that appeals to more than a
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
+# | [-Today,-]{+Today <a href=\"#ft6\">[6]</a>,+} hardly any Unix
+# | components are left in the GNU Task List—those jobs [-have-] {+had+}
+# | been done, aside from a few inessential ones. But the list is full of
+# | projects that some might call [-“applications”.-]
+# | {+“applications.”+} Any program that appeals to more than a
# | narrow class of users would be a useful thing to add to an operating
# | system.
#, fuzzy
@@ -1406,11 +1481,11 @@
#| "applications”. Any program that appeals to more than a narrow "
#| "class of users would be a useful thing to add to an operating system."
msgid ""
-"Today (1), hardly any Unix components are left in the GNU Task List—"
-"those jobs had been done, aside from a few inessential ones. But the list "
-"is full of projects that some might call “applications”. Any "
-"program that appeals to more than a narrow class of users would be a useful "
-"thing to add to an operating system."
+"Today <a href=\"#ft6\">[6]</a>, hardly any Unix components are left in "
+"the GNU Task List—those jobs had been done, aside from a few "
+"inessential ones. But the list is full of projects that some might call "
+"“applications.” Any program that appeals to more than a narrow "
+"class of users would be a useful thing to add to an operating system."
msgstr ""
"Dewasa ini, nyaris tak ada komponen Unix yang tertinggal di daftar tugas "
"GNU—kebanyakan telah rampung, selain beberapa yang kurang penting. "
@@ -1419,7 +1494,7 @@
"digunakan selain segelintir pengguna, akan bermanfaat jika ditambahkan pada "
"sebuah sistem operasi."
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"Even games are included in the task list—and have been since the "
"beginning. Unix included games, so naturally GNU should too. But "
@@ -1433,22 +1508,15 @@
"permainan yang ada di Unix. Jadi, kami mendaftar bebagai permainan yabg "
"berbeda, yang mungkin disukai oleh para pengguna."
-#. type: Content of: <p>
-msgid ""
-"(1) That was written in 1998. In 2009 we no longer maintain a long task "
-"list. The community develops free software so fast that we can't even keep "
-"track of it all. Instead, we have a list of High Priority Projects, a much "
-"shorter list of projects we really want to encourage people to write."
-msgstr ""
-
-#. type: Content of: <h3>
+#. type: Content of: <div><h3>
msgid "The GNU Library GPL"
msgstr "GPL pada <em>library</em> GNU"
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
# | The GNU C library uses a special kind of copyleft called the GNU Library
-# | General Public [-License,-] {+License(1),+} which gives permission to link
-# | proprietary software with the library. Why make this exception?
+# | General Public [-License,-] {+License <a href=\"#ft7\">[7]</a>,+}
+# | which gives permission to link proprietary software with the library. Why
+# | make this exception?
#, fuzzy
#| msgid ""
#| "The GNU C library uses a special kind of copyleft called the GNU Library "
@@ -1456,15 +1524,16 @@
#| "software with the library. Why make this exception?"
msgid ""
"The GNU C library uses a special kind of copyleft called the GNU Library "
-"General Public License(1), which gives permission to link proprietary "
-"software with the library. Why make this exception?"
+"General Public License <a href=\"#ft7\">[7]</a>, which gives "
+"permission to link proprietary software with the library. Why make this "
+"exception?"
msgstr ""
"<em>GNU C Library</em> menggunakan <em>copyleft</em> jenis khusus yaitu "
"<em>GNU Library General Public License</em>, yang memberikan izin untuk "
"<em>link</em> perangkat lunak berpemilik dengan <em>library</em> tersebut. "
"Mengapa ada pengecualian ini?"
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"It is not a matter of principle; there is no principle that says proprietary "
"software products are entitled to include our code. (Why contribute to a "
@@ -1477,7 +1546,7 @@
"Menggunakan LGPL untuk <em>C library</em>, atau <em>library</em> mana pun, "
"merupakan strategi."
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"The C library does a generic job; every proprietary system or compiler comes "
"with a C library. Therefore, to make our C library available only to free "
@@ -1490,7 +1559,7 @@
"memberikan perangkat lunak bebas keunggulan apa pun—malahan akan "
"membuat orang tidak tertarik sama sekali untuk menggunakannya."
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"One system is an exception to this: on the GNU system (and this includes GNU/"
"Linux), the GNU C library is the only C library. So the distribution terms "
@@ -1511,7 +1580,7 @@
"dari pada jumlah peningkatan pengembangan aplikasi bebas. Itulah mengapa "
"penggunaan <em>Library GPL</em> merupakan strategi <em>C Library</em>."
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"For other libraries, the strategic decision needs to be considered on a case-"
"by-case basis. When a library does a special job that can help write "
@@ -1526,7 +1595,7 @@
"pengembang perangkat lunak bebas lainnya, dengan memberikan keunggulan "
"terhadap perangkat lunak berpemilik."
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"Consider GNU Readline, a library that was developed to provide command-line "
"editing for BASH. Readline is released under the ordinary GNU GPL, not the "
@@ -1542,7 +1611,7 @@
"ada satu aplikasi berguna yang memanfaatkan Readlin, dan ini merupkan "
"keunggulan bagi masyarakat."
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"Proprietary software developers have the advantages money provides; free "
"software developers need to make advantages for each other. I hope some day "
@@ -1558,19 +1627,11 @@
"modul-modul bermanfaat untuk membangun perangkat lunak bebas; serta "
"menambahkan keunggulan utama untuk pengembangan perangkat lunak bebas."
-#. type: Content of: <p>
-msgid ""
-"(1) This license is now called the GNU Lesser General Public License, to "
-"avoid giving the idea that all libraries ought to use it. See <a href=\"/"
-"philosophy/why-not-lgpl.html\">Why you shouldn't use the Lesser GPL for your "
-"next library</a> for more information."
-msgstr ""
-
-#. type: Content of: <h3>
+#. type: Content of: <div><h3>
msgid "Scratching an itch?"
msgstr "Menggaruk Yang Gatal?"
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"Eric Raymond says that “Every good work of software starts by "
"scratching a developer's personal itch.” Maybe that happens sometimes, "
@@ -1584,7 +1645,7 @@
"dikembangkan untuk melengkapi sebuah sistem operasi bebas. Hal tersebut "
"dirancang dengan matang, dan bukan sekedar dadakan."
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"For example, we developed the GNU C library because a Unix-like system needs "
"a C library, BASH because a Unix-like system needs a shell, and GNU tar "
@@ -1597,7 +1658,7 @@
"memerlukannya. Begitu pula dengan program buatan daku—kompiler C GNU, "
"GNU Emacs, GDB, dan GNU Make."
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"Some GNU programs were developed to cope with specific threats to our "
"freedom. Thus, we developed gzip to replace the Compress program, which had "
@@ -1620,7 +1681,7 @@
"bebas, sehingga para pengguna tidak perlu memilih antara privasi dan "
"kebebasan."
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"Of course, the people writing these programs became interested in the work, "
"and many features were added to them by various people for the sake of their "
@@ -1630,11 +1691,11 @@
"banyak penambahan fitur oleh para pengguna karena kebutuhan sendiri. Namun, "
"hal itu belum tentu merupakan alasan mengapa program tersebut ada."
-#. type: Content of: <h3>
+#. type: Content of: <div><h3>
msgid "Unexpected developments"
msgstr "Perkembangan Tak Terduga"
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"At the beginning of the GNU Project, I imagined that we would develop the "
"whole GNU system, then release it as a whole. That is not how it happened."
@@ -1643,7 +1704,7 @@
"seluruh sistem GNU, lalu meluncurkannya secara keseluruhan. Ternyata, bukan "
"itu yang terjadi."
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"Since each component of the GNU system was implemented on a Unix system, "
"each component could run on Unix systems long before a complete GNU system "
@@ -1657,7 +1718,7 @@
"mulai mem-port program tersebut—ke berbagai versi Unix yang kurang "
"kompatibel, dan terkadang juga pada sistem lainnya."
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"The process made these programs much more powerful, and attracted both funds "
"and contributors to the GNU Project. But it probably also delayed "
@@ -1672,11 +1733,11 @@
"pengembang GNU terpaksa meluangkan lebih banyak waktu untuk pemeliharaan dan "
"perbaikan, dari pada untuk merampungkan komponen yang belum ada."
-#. type: Content of: <h3>
+#. type: Content of: <div><h3>
msgid "The GNU Hurd"
msgstr "GNU Hurd"
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"By 1990, the GNU system was almost complete; the only major missing "
"component was the kernel. We had decided to implement our kernel as a "
@@ -1696,7 +1757,7 @@
"pengembangan agak tertunda, berhubung kami menunggu pemenuhan janji bahwa "
"Mach diluncurkan sebagai perangkat lunak bebas."
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"One reason for choosing this design was to avoid what seemed to be the "
"hardest part of the job: debugging a kernel program without a source-level "
@@ -1715,11 +1776,11 @@
"pesan merupakan hal yang sulit di-debug. Membuat Hurd bekerja sempurna telah "
"berlangsung bertahun-tahun."
-#. type: Content of: <h3>
+#. type: Content of: <div><h3>
msgid "Alix"
msgstr "Alix"
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"The GNU kernel was not originally supposed to be called the Hurd. Its "
"original name was Alix—named after the woman who was my sweetheart at "
@@ -1736,7 +1797,7 @@
"apa-apa, namun memutuskan untuk memberikan kejutan dengan memberi nama "
"kernel dengan Alix."
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"It did not stay that way. Michael (now Thomas) Bushnell, the main developer "
"of the kernel, preferred the name Hurd, and redefined Alix to refer to a "
@@ -1748,7 +1809,7 @@
"sebagai sebuah bagian tertentu dari kernel—yang menangkap <em>system "
"calls</em> serta melayani mereka dengan mengirimkan pesan kepada server HURD."
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
# | [-Ultimately,-]{+Later,+} Alix and I broke up, and she changed her name;
# | independently, the Hurd design was changed so that the C library would
# | send messages directly to servers, and this made the Alix component
@@ -1768,7 +1829,7 @@
"perancangan Hurd berubah sehingga <em>C library</em> akan mengirim pesan "
"langsung ke para server, sehingga komponen Alix pun lenyap dari peredaran."
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
# | But before these things happened, a friend of hers came across the name
# | Alix in the Hurd source code, and mentioned [-the name-] {+it+} to her.
# | So [-the name-] {+she+} did [-its job.-] {+have the chance to find a
@@ -1787,11 +1848,11 @@
"Alix dalam kode program Hurd, serta memberitahukan hal tersebut kepadanya. "
"Jadi, nama tersebut melaksanakan tugasnya."
-#. type: Content of: <h3>
+#. type: Content of: <div><h3>
msgid "Linux and GNU/Linux"
msgstr "Linux dan GNU/Linux"
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"The GNU Hurd is not suitable for production use, and we don't know if it "
"ever will be. The capability-based design has problems that result directly "
@@ -1799,7 +1860,7 @@
"exist."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
# | [-The GNU Hurd is not ready for production use.-]Fortunately, another
# | kernel is available. In 1991, Linus Torvalds developed a Unix-compatible
# | kernel and called it Linux. [-Around-] {+It was proprietary at first,
@@ -1830,11 +1891,11 @@
"bebas (usaha penggabungan kedua hal tersebut merupakan sebuah hal yang cukup "
"rumit). Berkat Linux, kita dapat menjalankan versi dari GNU dewasa ini."
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
# | We call this system version <a href=\"/gnu/linux-and-gnu.html\">
# | GNU/Linux</a>, to express its composition as a combination of the GNU
# | system with Linux as the kernel. {+Please don't fall into the practice of
-# | calling the whole system “Linux”, since that means attributing
+# | calling the whole system “Linux,” since that means attributing
# | our work to someone else. Please <a href=\"/gnu/gnu-linux-faq.html\">
# | give us equal mention</a>.+}
#, fuzzy
@@ -1846,18 +1907,18 @@
"We call this system version <a href=\"/gnu/linux-and-gnu.html\"> GNU/Linux</"
"a>, to express its composition as a combination of the GNU system with Linux "
"as the kernel. Please don't fall into the practice of calling the whole "
-"system “Linux”, since that means attributing our work to someone "
+"system “Linux,” since that means attributing our work to someone "
"else. Please <a href=\"/gnu/gnu-linux-faq.html\"> give us equal mention</a>."
msgstr ""
"Kami menamakannya sistem <a href=\"/gnu/linux-and-gnu.html\"> GNU/Linux</a>, "
"untuk menyatakan bahwa hal tersebut terdiri dari sistem GNU dengan kernel "
"Linux."
-#. type: Content of: <h3>
+#. type: Content of: <div><h3>
msgid "Challenges in our future"
msgstr "Tantangan Masa Depan Kita"
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"We have proved our ability to develop a broad spectrum of free software. "
"This does not mean we are invincible and unstoppable. Several challenges "
@@ -1874,15 +1935,15 @@
"membutuhkan orang-orang yang menghargai kebebasan mereka, serta tidak "
"membiarkan ada yang merampas kebebasan tersebut."
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid "The following four sections discuss these challenges."
msgstr "Keempat bagian berikut ini akan membahas tantangan tersebut."
-#. type: Content of: <h3>
+#. type: Content of: <div><h3>
msgid "Secret hardware"
msgstr "Perangkat Keras Rahasia"
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"Hardware manufacturers increasingly tend to keep hardware specifications "
"secret. This makes it difficult to write free drivers so that Linux and "
@@ -1896,7 +1957,7 @@
"tidak di masa mendatang, jika kita tidak dapat mendukung komputer yang akan "
"datang."
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"There are two ways to cope with this problem. Programmers can do reverse "
"engineering to figure out how to support the hardware. The rest of us can "
@@ -1909,14 +1970,29 @@
"keras yang didukung oleh perangkat lunak bebas. Jika kita cukup banyak, "
"kerahasiaan spesifikasi dapat berubah menjadi kebijaksanaan bunuh diri."
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
+# | Reverse engineering is a big job; will we have programmers with sufficient
+# | determination to undertake it? Yes—if we have built up a strong
+# | feeling that free software is a matter of principle, and nonfree drivers
+# | are intolerable. And will large numbers of us spend extra money, or even
+# | a little extra time, so we can use free drivers? Yes, if the determination
+# | to have freedom is [-widespread.-] {+widespread. <a
+# | href=\"#ft8\">[8]</a>+}
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "Reverse engineering is a big job; will we have programmers with "
+#| "sufficient determination to undertake it? Yes—if we have built up a "
+#| "strong feeling that free software is a matter of principle, and nonfree "
+#| "drivers are intolerable. And will large numbers of us spend extra money, "
+#| "or even a little extra time, so we can use free drivers? Yes, if the "
+#| "determination to have freedom is widespread."
msgid ""
"Reverse engineering is a big job; will we have programmers with sufficient "
"determination to undertake it? Yes—if we have built up a strong "
"feeling that free software is a matter of principle, and nonfree drivers are "
"intolerable. And will large numbers of us spend extra money, or even a "
"little extra time, so we can use free drivers? Yes, if the determination to "
-"have freedom is widespread."
+"have freedom is widespread. <a href=\"#ft8\">[8]</a>"
msgstr ""
"Rekayasa terbalik merupakan pekerjaan yang besar; apakah terdapat cukup "
"pemrogram untuk melaksanakan tugas ini? Ya—jika kita sanggup membangun "
@@ -1926,19 +2002,11 @@
"waktu ekstra, sehingga kita mendapatkan <em>driver</em> bebas? Ya—jika "
"makna dari kebebasan merupakan hal yang diterima secara luas."
-#. type: Content of: <p>
-msgid ""
-"(2008 note: this issue extends to the BIOS as well. There is a free BIOS, "
-"<a href=\"http://www.libreboot.org/\";>LibreBoot</a> (a distribution of "
-"coreboot); the problem is getting specs for machines so that LibreBoot can "
-"support them without nonfree “blobs”.)"
-msgstr ""
-
-#. type: Content of: <h3>
+#. type: Content of: <div><h3>
msgid "Nonfree libraries"
msgstr "<em>Library</em> Tidak Bebas"
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"A nonfree library that runs on free operating systems acts as a trap for "
"free software developers. The library's attractive features are the bait; "
@@ -1957,7 +2025,7 @@
"tidak ada). Lebih parah lagi, jika program tersebut menjadi terkenal, "
"tentunya akan menjebak lebih banyak lagi para pemrogram."
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"The first instance of this problem was the Motif toolkit, back in the 80s. "
"Although there were as yet no free operating systems, it was clear what "
@@ -1977,7 +2045,7 @@
"memakan waktu tahunan; LessTif, dikembangkan oleh para pemrogram <em>Hungry</"
"em> (lapar), baru dapat mendukung kebanyakan aplikasi Motif ditahun 1997."
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"Between 1996 and 1998, another nonfree <abbr title=\"Graphical User Interface"
"\">GUI</abbr> toolkit library, called Qt, was used in a substantial "
@@ -1989,7 +2057,7 @@
"digunakan pada sekumpulan perangkat lunak bebas, <abbr title=\"K Desktop "
"Environment\">KDE</abbr>."
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"Free GNU/Linux systems were unable to use KDE, because we could not use the "
"library. However, some commercial distributors of GNU/Linux systems who "
@@ -2008,7 +2076,7 @@
"Linux” tidak pernah tahu bahwa ada masalah dengan hal ini. Keadaan "
"menjadi menjengkelkan."
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"The free software community responded to the problem in two ways: GNOME and "
"Harmony."
@@ -2016,7 +2084,7 @@
"Masyarakat perangkat lunak bebas menjawab masalah ini dengan dua cara: "
"<em>GNOME</em> dan <em>Harmony</em>."
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"GNOME, the GNU Network Object Model Environment, is GNU's desktop project. "
"Started in 1997 by Miguel de Icaza, and developed with the support of Red "
@@ -2034,7 +2102,7 @@
"hanya C++. Namun, tujuan utamanya ialah kebebasan: sama sekali tidak "
"menggunakan perangkat lunak yang tidak bebas."
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"Harmony is a compatible replacement library, designed to make it possible to "
"run KDE software without using Qt."
@@ -2042,13 +2110,28 @@
"<em>Harmony</em> merupakan <em>library</em> kompatibel pengganti, dirancang "
"agar memungkinkan untuk menjalankan perangkat lunak KDE tanpa Qt."
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
+# | In November 1998, the developers of Qt announced a change of license
+# | which, when carried out, should make Qt free software. There is no way to
+# | be sure, but I think that this was partly due to the community's firm
+# | response to the problem that Qt posed when it was nonfree. (The new
+# | license is inconvenient and inequitable, so it remains desirable to avoid
+# | using [-Qt.)-] {+Qt. <a href=\"#ft9\">[9]</a>)+}
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "In November 1998, the developers of Qt announced a change of license "
+#| "which, when carried out, should make Qt free software. There is no way "
+#| "to be sure, but I think that this was partly due to the community's firm "
+#| "response to the problem that Qt posed when it was nonfree. (The new "
+#| "license is inconvenient and inequitable, so it remains desirable to avoid "
+#| "using Qt.)"
msgid ""
"In November 1998, the developers of Qt announced a change of license which, "
"when carried out, should make Qt free software. There is no way to be sure, "
"but I think that this was partly due to the community's firm response to the "
"problem that Qt posed when it was nonfree. (The new license is inconvenient "
-"and inequitable, so it remains desirable to avoid using Qt.)"
+"and inequitable, so it remains desirable to avoid using Qt. <a href="
+"\"#ft9\">[9]</a>)"
msgstr ""
"Pada bulan November 1998, para pengembang Qt mengumumkan perubahan lisensi, "
"sehingga sepertinya Qt akan menjadi perangkat lunak bebas. Tidak ada "
@@ -2057,15 +2140,7 @@
"(Lisensi baru tersebut tidak nyaman dan kurang adil, sehingga sebaiknya "
"tetap saja menghindar Qt)."
-#. type: Content of: <p>
-msgid ""
-"[Subsequent note: in September 2000, Qt was rereleased under the GNU GPL, "
-"which essentially solved this problem.]"
-msgstr ""
-"[Catatan tambahan: bulan September 2000, Qt diluncur-ulang menggunakan GNU "
-"GPL, yang intinya menyelesaikan masalah ini]."
-
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"How will we respond to the next tempting nonfree library? Will the whole "
"community understand the need to stay out of the trap? Or will many of us "
@@ -2078,20 +2153,20 @@
"kenyamanan, yang akan berakibat sebuah masalah besar? Masa mendatang kita "
"tergantung pada filosofi kita."
-#. type: Content of: <h3>
+#. type: Content of: <div><h3>
msgid "Software patents"
msgstr "Paten Perangkat Lunak"
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
# | The worst threat we face comes from software patents, which can put
# | algorithms and features off limits to free software for up to twenty
# | years. The LZW compression algorithm patents were applied for in 1983,
# | and we still cannot release free software to produce proper compressed
-# | <abbr title=\"Graphics Interchange Format\">GIF</abbr>s. {+[As of 2009
-# | they have expired.]+} In 1998, a free program to produce <abbr
-# | title=\"MPEG-1 Audio Layer 3\">MP3</abbr> compressed audio was removed
-# | from distribution under threat of a patent suit. {+[As of 2017, these
-# | patents have expired. Look how long we had to wait.]+}
+# | <abbr title=\"Graphics Interchange [-Format\">GIF</abbr>s.-]
+# | {+Format\">GIF</abbr>s. <a href=\"#ft10\">[10]</a>+} In 1998, a free
+# | program to produce <abbr title=\"MPEG-1 Audio Layer 3\">MP3</abbr>
+# | compressed audio was removed from distribution under threat of a patent
+# | [-suit.-] {+suit. <a href=\"#ft11\">[11]</a>+}
#, fuzzy
#| msgid ""
#| "The worst threat we face comes from software patents, which can put "
@@ -2107,11 +2182,10 @@
"algorithms and features off limits to free software for up to twenty years. "
"The LZW compression algorithm patents were applied for in 1983, and we still "
"cannot release free software to produce proper compressed <abbr title="
-"\"Graphics Interchange Format\">GIF</abbr>s. [As of 2009 they have "
-"expired.] In 1998, a free program to produce <abbr title=\"MPEG-1 Audio "
-"Layer 3\">MP3</abbr> compressed audio was removed from distribution under "
-"threat of a patent suit. [As of 2017, these patents have expired. Look how "
-"long we had to wait.]"
+"\"Graphics Interchange Format\">GIF</abbr>s. <a href=\"#ft10\">[10]</"
+"a> In 1998, a free program to produce <abbr title=\"MPEG-1 Audio Layer "
+"3\">MP3</abbr> compressed audio was removed from distribution under threat "
+"of a patent suit. <a href=\"#ft11\">[11]</a>"
msgstr ""
"Ancaman terburuk yang perlu dihadapi berasal dari paten perangkat lunak, "
"yang dapat berakibat pembatasan fitur perangkat lunak bebas lebih dari dua "
@@ -2122,7 +2196,7 @@
"Layer 3\">MP3</abbr> terkompresi terpaksa dihapus dari distro akibat ancaman "
"penuntutan paten."
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
# | There are ways to cope with patents: we can search for evidence that a
# | patent is invalid, and we can look for alternative ways to do a job. But
# | each of these methods works only sometimes; when both fail, a patent may
@@ -2150,7 +2224,7 @@
"tidak memiliki fitur yang dibutuhkan para pengguna. Apa yang mesti dilakukan "
"jika hal tersebut terjadi?"
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"Those of us who value free software for freedom's sake will stay with free "
"software anyway. We will manage to get work done without the patented "
@@ -2171,11 +2245,11 @@
"perangkat lunak bebas, kita seharusnya tidak berhenti di situ. Kita juga "
"harus berbicara perihal kebebasan dan prinsip."
-#. type: Content of: <h3>
+#. type: Content of: <div><h3>
msgid "Free documentation"
msgstr "Dokumentasi Bebas"
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"The biggest deficiency in our free operating systems is not in the "
"software—it is the lack of good free manuals that we can include in "
@@ -2190,7 +2264,7 @@
"baik, akan merupakan kendala utama. Dewasa ini terdapat banyak rintangan "
"seperti itu."
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"Free documentation, like free software, is a matter of freedom, not price. "
"The criterion for a free manual is pretty much the same as for free "
@@ -2205,7 +2279,7 @@
"diperbolehkan: baik secara <em>on-line</em> mau pun <em>cetakan</em>, "
"sehingga manual dapat disertakan pada setiap program."
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"Permission for modification is crucial too. As a general rule, I don't "
"believe that it is essential for people to have permission to modify all "
@@ -2219,7 +2293,7 @@
"mengubah artikel seperti ini, yang mengungkapkan tidakan mau pun pandangan "
"dari kami sendiri."
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
# | But there is a particular reason why the freedom to modify is crucial for
# | documentation for free software. When people exercise their right to
# | modify the software, and add or change its features, if they are
@@ -2253,7 +2327,7 @@
"programnya. Sebuah manual yang tidak boleh diubah agar tetap akurat tidak "
"akan bermanfaat bagi masyarakat."
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"Some kinds of limits on how modifications are done pose no problem. For "
"example, requirements to preserve the original author's copyright notice, "
@@ -2277,7 +2351,7 @@
"mengadaptasi manual agar sesuai dengan program. Dengan kata lain, ini tidak "
"akan menghalangi masyarakat untuk memanfaatkan secara penuh manual tersebut."
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"However, it must be possible to modify all the <em>technical</em> content of "
"the manual, and then distribute the result in all the usual media, through "
@@ -2289,7 +2363,7 @@
"kalau tidak, pembatasan akan mengganggu masyarakat, manual menjadi tidak "
"bebas, dan kita membutuhkan manual yang lain."
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"Will free software developers have the awareness and determination to "
"produce a full spectrum of free manuals? Once again, our future depends on "
@@ -2299,14 +2373,24 @@
"kehendak penuh untuk menulis seluruh manual bebas? Sekali lagi, masa "
"mendatang kita tergantung pada filosofi."
-#. type: Content of: <h3>
+#. type: Content of: <div><h3>
msgid "We must talk about freedom"
msgstr "Bicaralah Perihal Kebebasan"
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
+# | Estimates today are that there are ten million users of GNU/Linux systems
+# | such as Debian GNU/Linux and Red Hat [-“Linux”.-]
+# | {+“Linux.”+} Free software has developed such practical
+# | advantages that users are flocking to it for purely practical reasons.
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "Estimates today are that there are ten million users of GNU/Linux systems "
+#| "such as Debian GNU/Linux and Red Hat “Linux”. Free software "
+#| "has developed such practical advantages that users are flocking to it for "
+#| "purely practical reasons."
msgid ""
"Estimates today are that there are ten million users of GNU/Linux systems "
-"such as Debian GNU/Linux and Red Hat “Linux”. Free software has "
+"such as Debian GNU/Linux and Red Hat “Linux.” Free software has "
"developed such practical advantages that users are flocking to it for purely "
"practical reasons."
msgstr ""
@@ -2315,7 +2399,7 @@
"Perangkat lunak bebas telah sedemikian canggihnya, sehingga didatangi secara "
"berbondong-bondong oleh para pengguna semata karena alasan kepraktisan."
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"The good consequences of this are evident: more interest in developing free "
"software, more customers for free software businesses, and more ability to "
@@ -2327,7 +2411,7 @@
"daya tarik lebih untuk menganjurkan pengembangan perangkat lunak bebas "
"komersial di sektor suasta (dari pada berpemilik)."
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"But interest in the software is growing faster than awareness of the "
"philosophy it is based on, and this leads to trouble. Our ability to meet "
@@ -2342,7 +2426,7 @@
"bebas, diperlukan upaya penyebaran hal tersebut kepada para pengguna baru "
"tersebut."
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"But we are failing to do so: the efforts to attract new users into our "
"community are far outstripping the efforts to teach them the civics of our "
@@ -2353,11 +2437,11 @@
"penyebaran filosofi kebebasan. Kita perlu melaksanakan keduanya, serta kita "
"perlu menjaga keseimbangannya."
-#. type: Content of: <h3>
+#. type: Content of: <div><h3>
msgid "“Open Source”"
msgstr "“<em>Open Source</em>” (Terbuka)"
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"Teaching new users about freedom became more difficult in 1998, when a part "
"of the community decided to stop using the term “free software” "
@@ -2368,7 +2452,7 @@
"perangkat lunak bebas”, dan menggantinya dengan “perangkat lunak "
"<em>open source</em>” (Terbuka)."
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"Some who favored this term aimed to avoid the confusion of “"
"free” with “gratis”—a valid goal. Others, however, "
@@ -2389,7 +2473,7 @@
"lunak yang canggih dan bermutu tinggi, dengan mengesampingkan hal-hal yang "
"berhubungan dengan kebebasan, masyarakat, dan prinsip-prinsip."
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"The “Linux” magazines are a clear example of this—they are "
"filled with advertisements for proprietary software that works with GNU/"
@@ -2402,7 +2486,7 @@
"majalah tersebut akan memperingatkan para pemrogram untuk menjauh dari "
"program tersebut, atau mereka akan memuat iklan mereka?"
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"The support of business can contribute to the community in many ways; all "
"else being equal, it is useful. But winning their support by speaking even "
@@ -2415,12 +2499,24 @@
"akan merusak—bahkan lebih parah—keseimbangan dengan menghalangi "
"masyarakat mendapatkan informasi yang betul."
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
+# | “Free software” and “open source” describe the
+# | same category of software, more or less, but say different things about
+# | the software, and about values. The GNU Project continues to use the term
+# | “free [-software”,-] {+software,”+} to express the idea
+# | that freedom, not just technology, is important.
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "“Free software” and “open source” describe the "
+#| "same category of software, more or less, but say different things about "
+#| "the software, and about values. The GNU Project continues to use the "
+#| "term “free software”, to express the idea that freedom, not "
+#| "just technology, is important."
msgid ""
"“Free software” and “open source” describe the same "
"category of software, more or less, but say different things about the "
"software, and about values. The GNU Project continues to use the term "
-"“free software”, to express the idea that freedom, not just "
+"“free software,” to express the idea that freedom, not just "
"technology, is important."
msgstr ""
"“Perangkat Lunak Bebas” dan “<em>Open Source</em>” "
@@ -2429,11 +2525,11 @@
"penggunaan istilah “perangkat lunak bebas”, untuk menekankan ide "
"kebebasan, dan bukan sekedar bahwa teknologi itu penting."
-#. type: Content of: <h3>
+#. type: Content of: <div><h3>
msgid "Try!"
msgstr "Cobalah!"
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
# | Yoda's [-philosophy-] {+aphorism+} (“There is no
# | ‘try’”) sounds neat, but it doesn't work for me. I have
# | done most of my work while anxious about whether I could do the job, and
@@ -2462,7 +2558,7 @@
"tujuan akan tercapai. Namun tetap ku coba, sebab tidak ada yang dapat "
"menghalangi. Terkadang keheranan sendiri, terkadang daku berhasil."
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"Sometimes I failed; some of my cities have fallen. Then I found another "
"threatened city, and got ready for another battle. Over time, I've learned "
@@ -2474,7 +2570,7 @@
"Sambil jalan, ku pelajari cara mengatasi ancaman, serta meminta para "
"<em>hacker</em> lainnya untuk bergabung membantu."
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"Nowadays, often I'm not the only one. It is a relief and a joy when I see a "
"regiment of hackers digging in to hold the line, and I realize, this city "
@@ -2491,6 +2587,170 @@
"anda ingin mempertahankan kebebasan, anda mesti mempersiapkan untuk "
"membelanya."
+#. type: Content of: <div><h3>
+# || No change detected. The change might only be in amounts of spaces.
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid "Footnotes"
+msgid "Footnotes"
+msgstr "Catatan Kaki"
+
+#. type: Content of: <div><ol><li>
+# | [-(1)-]The use of “hacker” to mean “security
+# | breaker” is a confusion on the part of the mass media. We hackers
+# | refuse to recognize that meaning, and continue using the word to [-mean,
+# | “Someone-] {+mean someone+} who loves to [-program and-] {+program,
+# | someone who+} enjoys [-being clever about it.”-] {+playful
+# | cleverness, or the combination of the two. See my article, “<a
+# | href=\"https://stallman.org/articles/on-hacking.html\";>On
+# | Hacking</a>.”+}
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "(1) The use of “hacker” to mean “security "
+#| "breaker” is a confusion on the part of the mass media. We hackers "
+#| "refuse to recognize that meaning, and continue using the word to mean, "
+#| "“Someone who loves to program and enjoys being clever about it."
+#| "”"
+msgid ""
+"The use of “hacker” to mean “security breaker” is a "
+"confusion on the part of the mass media. We hackers refuse to recognize "
+"that meaning, and continue using the word to mean someone who loves to "
+"program, someone who enjoys playful cleverness, or the combination of the "
+"two. See my article, “<a href=\"https://stallman.org/articles/on-";
+"hacking.html\">On Hacking</a>.”"
+msgstr ""
+"(1) Penggunaan istilah “<em>hacker</em>” yang berarti “"
+"pembobol keamanan” merupakan kekacauan ciptaan sebagian media. Kami, "
+"para <em>hacker</em> menolak penggunaan arti negatif tersebut, dan tetap "
+"menggunakan kata tersebut dengan arti, “seseorang yang senang "
+"memrogram dan menikmati kecanggihan pemrogramannya tersebut”."
+
+#. type: Content of: <div><ol><li>
+# | [-(1)-]As an Atheist, I don't follow any religious leaders, but I
+# | sometimes find I admire something one of them has said.
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "(1) As an Atheist, I don't follow any religious leaders, but I sometimes "
+#| "find I admire something one of them has said."
+msgid ""
+"As an Atheist, I don't follow any religious leaders, but I sometimes find I "
+"admire something one of them has said."
+msgstr ""
+"(1) Sebagai ateis, daku bukan pengikut kepemimpinan agama mana pun, namun "
+"terkadang saya mengagumi beberapa perkataan yang diucapkan."
+
+#. type: Content of: <div><ol><li>
+# | [-(1)-]In 1984 or 1985, Don Hopkins (a very imaginative fellow) mailed me
+# | a letter. [-On-] {+<a href=\"/graphics/copyleft-sticker.html\">On+} the
+# | [-envelope-] {+envelope</a>+} he had written several amusing sayings,
+# | including this one: “Copyleft—all rights reversed.” I
+# | used the word “copyleft” to name the distribution concept I
+# | was developing at the time.
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "(1) In 1984 or 1985, Don Hopkins (a very imaginative fellow) mailed me a "
+#| "letter. On the envelope he had written several amusing sayings, "
+#| "including this one: “Copyleft—all rights reversed.” I "
+#| "used the word “copyleft” to name the distribution concept I "
+#| "was developing at the time."
+msgid ""
+"In 1984 or 1985, Don Hopkins (a very imaginative fellow) mailed me a "
+"letter. <a href=\"/graphics/copyleft-sticker.html\">On the envelope</a> he "
+"had written several amusing sayings, including this one: “"
+"Copyleft—all rights reversed.” I used the word “"
+"copyleft” to name the distribution concept I was developing at the "
+"time."
+msgstr ""
+"(1) Pada tahun 1984 atau 1985, Don Hopkins (seorang yang penuh gagasan) "
+"mengirimkan daku sebuah surat. Pada amplopnya dituliskan beberapa kalimat "
+"menarik termasuk: “<em>Copyleft—all rights reversed</em>.” "
+"Lalu, kugunakan istilah “<em>copyleft</em>” untuk konsep "
+"distribusi yang sedang dikembangkan pada saat itu."
+
+#. type: Content of: <div><ol><li>
+msgid ""
+"We now use the <a href=\"/licenses/fdl.html\">GNU Free Documentation "
+"License</a> for documentation."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <div><ol><li>
+# | [-(1)-]“Bourne Again Shell” is a [-joke-] {+play+} on the name
+# | “Bourne [-Shell”,-] {+Shell,”+} which was the usual
+# | shell on Unix.
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "(1) “Bourne Again Shell” is a joke on the name “Bourne "
+#| "Shell”, which was the usual shell on Unix."
+msgid ""
+"“Bourne Again Shell” is a play on the name “Bourne Shell,"
+"” which was the usual shell on Unix."
+msgstr ""
+"(1) “<em>Bourne Again Shell</em>” merupakan lulucon untuk nama "
+"“Bourne Shell”, yang merupakan <em>shell</em> umum pada Unix."
+
+#. type: Content of: <div><ol><li>
+msgid ""
+"That was written in 1998. In 2009 we no longer maintain a long task list. "
+"The community develops free software so fast that we can't even keep track "
+"of it all. Instead, we have a list of High Priority Projects, a much "
+"shorter list of projects we really want to encourage people to write."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <div><ol><li>
+msgid ""
+"This license is now called the GNU Lesser General Public License, to avoid "
+"giving the idea that all libraries ought to use it. See <a href=\"/"
+"philosophy/why-not-lgpl.html\">Why you shouldn't use the Lesser GPL for your "
+"next library</a> for more information."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <div><ol><li>
+msgid ""
+"2008 note: this issue extends to the BIOS as well. There is a free BIOS, <a "
+"href=\"https://libreboot.org/\";>LibreBoot</a> (a distribution of coreboot); "
+"the problem is getting specs for machines so that LibreBoot can support them "
+"without nonfree “blobs.”"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <div><ol><li>
+# | [-[Subsequent note: in-]{+In+} September 2000, Qt was rereleased under the
+# | GNU GPL, which essentially solved this problem.[-]-]
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "[Subsequent note: in September 2000, Qt was rereleased under the GNU GPL, "
+#| "which essentially solved this problem.]"
+msgid ""
+"In September 2000, Qt was rereleased under the GNU GPL, which essentially "
+"solved this problem."
+msgstr ""
+"[Catatan tambahan: bulan September 2000, Qt diluncur-ulang menggunakan GNU "
+"GPL, yang intinya menyelesaikan masalah ini]."
+
+#. type: Content of: <div><ol><li>
+msgid "As of 2009, the GIF patents have expired."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <div><ol><li>
+msgid ""
+"As of 2017, the MP3 patents have expired. Look how long we had to wait."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <div><div><p>
+# | Originally published in the book [-<em>Open Sources</em>-] {+<cite>Open
+# | Sources</cite>. Richard Stallman was <a
+# | href=\"/philosophy/open-source-misses-the-point.html\"> never a supporter
+# | of “open source”</a>, but contributed this article so that the
+# | ideas of the free software movement would not be entirely absent from that
+# | book.+}
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid "Originally published in the book <em>Open Sources</em>"
+msgid ""
+"Originally published in the book <cite>Open Sources</cite>. Richard "
+"Stallman was <a href=\"/philosophy/open-source-misses-the-point.html\"> "
+"never a supporter of “open source”</a>, but contributed this "
+"article so that the ideas of the free software movement would not be "
+"entirely absent from that book."
+msgstr "Semula diterbitkan dalam buku <em>Open Sources</em>"
+
#. TRANSLATORS: Use space (SPC) as msgstr if you don't have notes.
#. type: Content of: <div>
msgid "*GNUN-SLOT: TRANSLATOR'S NOTES*"
@@ -2518,14 +2778,23 @@
#. Please send your comments and general suggestions in this regard
#. to <a href="mailto:web-translators@gnu.org";>
#. <web-translators@gnu.org></a>.</p>
-#. <p>For information on coordinating and submitting translations of
+#. <p>For information on coordinating and contributing translations of
#. our web pages, see <a
#. href="/server/standards/README.translations.html">Translations
#. README</a>.
#. type: Content of: <div><div><p>
+# | Please see the <a
+# | href=\"/server/standards/README.translations.html\">Translations
+# | README</a> for information on coordinating and [-submitting-]
+# | {+contributing+} translations of this article.
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "Please see the <a href=\"/server/standards/README.translations.html"
+#| "\">Translations README</a> for information on coordinating and submitting "
+#| "translations of this article."
msgid ""
"Please see the <a href=\"/server/standards/README.translations.html"
-"\">Translations README</a> for information on coordinating and submitting "
+"\">Translations README</a> for information on coordinating and contributing "
"translations of this article."
msgstr ""
"Jika anda berminat untuk menjadi relawan-penerjemah, atau ingin memberikan "
@@ -2538,8 +2807,8 @@
#. type: Content of: <div><p>
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
-"Copyright © 1998, 2001, 2002, 2005, 2006, 2007, 2008, 2010, 2014, 2015, "
-"2017, 2018, 2020 Richard Stallman"
+"Copyright © 1998, 2005, 2008, 2010, 2012, 2015, 2017, 2018, 2021 "
+"Richard Stallman"
msgstr "Copyright © 1998, 2001 Richard Stallman"
#. type: Content of: <div><p>
@@ -2564,3 +2833,22 @@
#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid "Updated:"
msgstr "Perubahan terakhir:"
+
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "by <a href=\"http://www.stallman.org/\";><strong>Richard Stallman</"
+#~ "strong></a>"
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "by <a href=\"http://www.stallman.org/\";><strong>Richard Stallman</"
+#~ "strong></a>"
+
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "Please see the <a href=\"/server/standards/README.translations.html"
+#~ "\">Translations README</a> for information on coordinating and submitting "
+#~ "translations of this article."
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "Jika anda berminat untuk menjadi relawan-penerjemah, atau ingin "
+#~ "memberikan masukan dalam bahasa Indonesia, atau hanya sekedar ingin tahu "
+#~ "lebih lanjut, silakan <a href=\"/server/standards/translations/id/"
+#~ "indoteam.id.html\">mengunjungi laman tersebut</a>. Silakan juga merujuk "
+#~ "berkas <a href=\"/server/standards/README.translations.html\">panduan "
+#~ "menerjemahkan</a> untuk informasi tambahan."
Index: thegnuproject.it.po
===================================================================
RCS file: /web/www/www/gnu/po/thegnuproject.it.po,v
retrieving revision 1.82
retrieving revision 1.83
diff -u -b -r1.82 -r1.83
--- thegnuproject.it.po 24 Oct 2021 07:25:26 -0000 1.82
+++ thegnuproject.it.po 24 Oct 2021 07:31:38 -0000 1.83
@@ -11,7 +11,7 @@
msgid ""
msgstr ""
"Project-Id-Version: thegnuproject.html\n"
-"POT-Creation-Date: 2020-07-12 02:25+0000\n"
+"POT-Creation-Date: 2021-10-24 07:25+0000\n"
"PO-Revision-Date: 2018-05-31 21:18+0200\n"
"Last-Translator: Andrea Pescetti <pescetti@gnu.org>\n"
"Language-Team: Italian <thegnuproject@softwarelibero.it>\n"
@@ -19,6 +19,7 @@
"MIME-Version: 1.0\n"
"Content-Type: text/plain; charset=utf-8\n"
"Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit\n"
+"X-Outdated-Since: 2021-10-24 07:25+0000\n"
"X-Generator: Poedit 2.0.3\n"
#. type: Content of: <title>
@@ -31,44 +32,22 @@
"GNU, GNU Project, FSF, Free Software, Free Software Foundation, History, "
"progetto GNU, storia, software libero"
-#. type: Content of: <h2>
+#. type: Content of: <div><h2>
msgid "The GNU Project"
msgstr "Il progetto GNU"
-#. type: Content of: <p>
-msgid ""
-"by <a href=\"http://www.stallman.org/\";><strong>Richard Stallman</strong></a>"
-msgstr ""
-"di <a href=\"http://www.stallman.org/\";><strong>Richard Stallman</strong></a>"
-
-#. type: Content of: <blockquote><p>
-msgid ""
-"Originally published in the book <em>Open Sources</em>. Richard Stallman "
-"was <a href=\"/philosophy/open-source-misses-the-point.html\"> never a "
-"supporter of “open source”</a>, but contributed this article so "
-"that the ideas of the free software movement would not be entirely absent "
-"from that book."
-msgstr ""
-"Pubblicato originariamente nel libro <em>Open Sources</em>. Richard "
-"Stallman <a href=\"/philosophy/open-source-misses-the-point.html\"> non ha "
-"mai sostenuto il movimento “open source”</a>, ma ha fatto "
-"inserire questo articolo per evitare che il punto di vista del software "
-"libero fosse del tutto assente dal libro."
+#. type: Content of: <div><address>
+# || No change detected. The change might only be in amounts of spaces.
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid "by <a href=\"https://www.stallman.org/\";>Richard Stallman</a>"
+msgid "by <a href=\"https://www.stallman.org/\";>Richard Stallman</a>"
+msgstr "di <a href=\"https://www.stallman.org/\";>Richard Stallman</a>"
-#. type: Content of: <blockquote><p>
-msgid ""
-"Why it is even more important than ever <a href=\"/philosophy/free-software-"
-"even-more-important.html\">to insist that the software we use be free</a>."
-msgstr ""
-"Perché ora è più importante che mai insistere sul fatto che <a href=\"/"
-"philosophy/free-software-even-more-important.html\">il software che usiamo "
-"deve essere libero</a>."
-
-#. type: Content of: <h3>
+#. type: Content of: <div><h3>
msgid "The first software-sharing community"
msgstr "La prima comunità di condivisione del software"
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"When I started working at the <abbr title=\"Massachusetts Institute of "
"Technology\">MIT</abbr> Artificial Intelligence Lab in 1971, I became part "
@@ -85,15 +64,32 @@
"condividere le ricette è antico come il cucinare. Ma noi lo facevamo più
di "
"quasi chiunque altro."
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
+# | The AI Lab used a timesharing operating system called <abbr
+# | title=\"Incompatible Timesharing System\">ITS</abbr> (the Incompatible
+# | Timesharing System) that the lab's staff [-hackers (1)-]
+# | {+hackers <a href=\"#ft1\">[1]</a>+} had designed and written in
+# | assembler language for the Digital <abbr title=\"Programmed Data
+# | Processor\">PDP</abbr>-10, one of the large computers of the era. As a
+# | member of this community, an AI Lab staff system hacker, my job was to
+# | improve this system.
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "The AI Lab used a timesharing operating system called <abbr title="
+#| "\"Incompatible Timesharing System\">ITS</abbr> (the Incompatible "
+#| "Timesharing System) that the lab's staff hackers (1) had designed and "
+#| "written in assembler language for the Digital <abbr title=\"Programmed "
+#| "Data Processor\">PDP</abbr>-10, one of the large computers of the era. "
+#| "As a member of this community, an AI Lab staff system hacker, my job was "
+#| "to improve this system."
msgid ""
"The AI Lab used a timesharing operating system called <abbr title="
"\"Incompatible Timesharing System\">ITS</abbr> (the Incompatible Timesharing "
-"System) that the lab's staff hackers (1) had designed and written in "
-"assembler language for the Digital <abbr title=\"Programmed Data Processor"
-"\">PDP</abbr>-10, one of the large computers of the era. As a member of "
-"this community, an AI Lab staff system hacker, my job was to improve this "
-"system."
+"System) that the lab's staff hackers <a href=\"#ft1\">[1]</a> had "
+"designed and written in assembler language for the Digital <abbr title="
+"\"Programmed Data Processor\">PDP</abbr>-10, one of the large computers of "
+"the era. As a member of this community, an AI Lab staff system hacker, my "
+"job was to improve this system."
msgstr ""
"Il laboratorio di Intelligenza Artificiale usava un sistema operativo a "
"partizione di tempo (timesharing) chiamato <abbr title=\"Incompatible "
@@ -104,9 +100,24 @@
"questa comunità , hacker di sistema nel gruppo laboratorio, il mio compito "
"era migliorare questo sistema."
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
+# | We did not call our software “free [-software”,-]
+# | {+software,”+} because that term did not yet exist; but that is what
+# | it was. Whenever people from another university or a company wanted to
+# | port and use a program, we gladly let them. If you saw someone using an
+# | unfamiliar and interesting program, you could always ask to see the source
+# | code, so that you could read it, change it, or cannibalize parts of it to
+# | make a new program.
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "We did not call our software “free software”, because that "
+#| "term did not yet exist; but that is what it was. Whenever people from "
+#| "another university or a company wanted to port and use a program, we "
+#| "gladly let them. If you saw someone using an unfamiliar and interesting "
+#| "program, you could always ask to see the source code, so that you could "
+#| "read it, change it, or cannibalize parts of it to make a new program."
msgid ""
-"We did not call our software “free software”, because that term "
+"We did not call our software “free software,” because that term "
"did not yet exist; but that is what it was. Whenever people from another "
"university or a company wanted to port and use a program, we gladly let "
"them. If you saw someone using an unfamiliar and interesting program, you "
@@ -121,27 +132,20 @@
"poteva sempre chiedere di vederne il codice sorgente, in modo da poterlo "
"leggere, modificare, o prenderne alcune parti per creare un nuovo programma."
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><div><p>
msgid ""
-"(1) The use of “hacker” to mean “security breaker” "
-"is a confusion on the part of the mass media. We hackers refuse to "
-"recognize that meaning, and continue using the word to mean someone who "
-"loves to program, someone who enjoys playful cleverness, or the combination "
-"of the two. See my article, <a href=\"http://stallman.org/articles/on-";
-"hacking.html\">On Hacking</a>."
+"Why it is even more important than ever <a href=\"/philosophy/free-software-"
+"even-more-important.html\">to insist that the software we use be free</a>."
msgstr ""
-"(1) L'uso del termine \"hacker\" nel senso di \"pirata\" è una confusione di
"
-"temini creata dai mezzi di informazione. Noi hacker ci rifiutiamo di "
-"riconoscere questo significato, e continuiamo ad utilizzare la parola nel "
-"senso di \"uno che ami programmare, e a cui piaccia essere bravo a farlo\". "
-"Leggete il mio articolo <a href=\"http://stallman.org/articles/on-hacking.";
-"html\">A proposito dell'Hacking</a>."
+"Perché ora è più importante che mai insistere sul fatto che <a href=\"/"
+"philosophy/free-software-even-more-important.html\">il software che usiamo "
+"deve essere libero</a>."
-#. type: Content of: <h3>
+#. type: Content of: <div><h3>
msgid "The collapse of the community"
msgstr "La comunità si dissolve"
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"The situation changed drastically in the early 1980s when Digital "
"discontinued the PDP-10 series. Its architecture, elegant and powerful in "
@@ -156,15 +160,32 @@
"'80. Questo significò che quasi tutti i programmi che formavano ITS "
"divennero obsoleti."
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
+# | The AI Lab hacker community had already collapsed, not long before. In
+# | 1981, the spin-off company Symbolics had hired away nearly all of the
+# | hackers from the AI Lab, and the depopulated community was unable to
+# | maintain itself. (The book [-Hackers,-] {+<cite>Hackers</cite>,+} by
+# | Steve Levy, describes these events, as well as giving a clear picture of
+# | this community in its prime.) When the AI Lab bought a new PDP-10 in
+# | 1982, its administrators decided to use Digital's nonfree timesharing
+# | system instead of ITS.
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "The AI Lab hacker community had already collapsed, not long before. In "
+#| "1981, the spin-off company Symbolics had hired away nearly all of the "
+#| "hackers from the AI Lab, and the depopulated community was unable to "
+#| "maintain itself. (The book Hackers, by Steve Levy, describes these "
+#| "events, as well as giving a clear picture of this community in its "
+#| "prime.) When the AI Lab bought a new PDP-10 in 1982, its administrators "
+#| "decided to use Digital's nonfree timesharing system instead of ITS."
msgid ""
"The AI Lab hacker community had already collapsed, not long before. In "
"1981, the spin-off company Symbolics had hired away nearly all of the "
"hackers from the AI Lab, and the depopulated community was unable to "
-"maintain itself. (The book Hackers, by Steve Levy, describes these events, "
-"as well as giving a clear picture of this community in its prime.) When the "
-"AI Lab bought a new PDP-10 in 1982, its administrators decided to use "
-"Digital's nonfree timesharing system instead of ITS."
+"maintain itself. (The book <cite>Hackers</cite>, by Steve Levy, describes "
+"these events, as well as giving a clear picture of this community in its "
+"prime.) When the AI Lab bought a new PDP-10 in 1982, its administrators "
+"decided to use Digital's nonfree timesharing system instead of ITS."
msgstr ""
"La comunità di hacker del laboratorio di Intelligenza Artificiale si era giÃ
"
"dissolta non molto tempo prima. Nel 1981 la Symbolics, nata da una costola "
@@ -175,7 +196,7 @@
"Artificiale nel 1982 acquistò un nuovo PDP-10, i sistemisti decisero di "
"utilizzare il sistema timesharing non libero della Digital piuttosto che ITS."
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"The modern computers of the era, such as the VAX or the 68020, had their own "
"operating systems, but none of them were free software: you had to sign a "
@@ -186,7 +207,7 @@
"firmare un accordo di non-diffusione persino per ottenerne una copia "
"eseguibile."
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"This meant that the first step in using a computer was to promise not to "
"help your neighbor. A cooperating community was forbidden. The rule made "
@@ -200,7 +221,7 @@
"il software col tuo vicino sei un pirata. Se vuoi modifiche, pregaci di farle"
"\"."
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"The idea that the proprietary software social system—the system that "
"says you are not allowed to share or change software—is antisocial, "
@@ -223,11 +244,27 @@
"software hanno lavorato a lungo e attivamente per diffondere la convinzione "
"che c'è un solo modo di vedere la cosa."
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
+# | When software publishers talk about “enforcing” their
+# | “rights” or “stopping <a
+# | [-href=\"/philosophy/words-to-avoid.html#Piracy\">piracy</a>”,-]
+# | {+href=\"/philosophy/words-to-avoid.html#Piracy\">piracy</a>,”+}
+# | what they actually <em>say</em> is secondary. The real message of these
+# | statements is in the unstated assumptions they take for granted, which the
+# | public is asked to accept without examination. Let's therefore examine
+# | them.
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "When software publishers talk about “enforcing” their “"
+#| "rights” or “stopping <a href=\"/philosophy/words-to-avoid."
+#| "html#Piracy\">piracy</a>”, what they actually <em>say</em> is "
+#| "secondary. The real message of these statements is in the unstated "
+#| "assumptions they take for granted, which the public is asked to accept "
+#| "without examination. Let's therefore examine them."
msgid ""
"When software publishers talk about “enforcing” their “"
"rights” or “stopping <a href=\"/philosophy/words-to-avoid."
-"html#Piracy\">piracy</a>”, what they actually <em>say</em> is "
+"html#Piracy\">piracy</a>,” what they actually <em>say</em> is "
"secondary. The real message of these statements is in the unstated "
"assumptions they take for granted, which the public is asked to accept "
"without examination. Let's therefore examine them."
@@ -239,7 +276,7 @@
"essi danno per scontate; vogliono che siano accettate acriticamente. "
"Esaminiamole, dunque."
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"One assumption is that software companies have an unquestionable natural "
"right to own software and thus have power over all its users. (If this were "
@@ -257,7 +294,7 @@
"d'autore non è un diritto naturale, ma un monopolio imposto dal governo che "
"limita il diritto naturale degli utenti ad effettuare delle copie."
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"Another unstated assumption is that the only important thing about software "
"is what jobs it allows you to do—that we computer users should not "
@@ -267,7 +304,7 @@
"sia il lavoro che consente di fare -- vale a dire che noi utenti non "
"dobbiamo preoccuparci del tipo di società in cui ci è permesso vivere."
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"A third assumption is that we would have no usable software (or would never "
"have a program to do this or that particular job) if we did not offer a "
@@ -283,7 +320,7 @@
"possiamo scrivere quantità di programmi utili senza bisogno di metterci dei "
"catenacci."
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"If we decline to accept these assumptions, and judge these issues based on "
"ordinary commonsense morality while placing the users first, we arrive at "
@@ -299,13 +336,31 @@
"alle proprie necessità , ed essere libero di condividere il software, poiché
"
"aiutare gli altri è alla base della società ."
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
+# | There is no room here for an extensive statement of the reasoning behind
+# | this conclusion, so I refer the reader to [-the web pages <a
+# | href=\"/philosophy/why-free.html\">
+# | http://www.gnu.org/philosophy/why-free.html</a>-] {+“<a
+# | href=\"/philosophy/why-free.html\">Why Software Should Not Have
+# | Owners</a>,”+} and [-<a
+# | href=\"/philosophy/free-software-even-more-important.html\">
+# | http://www.gnu.org/philosophy/free-software-even-more-important.html</a>.-]
+# | {+“<a
+# | href=\"/philosophy/free-software-even-more-important.html\">Free Software
+# | Is Even More Important Now</a>.”+}
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "There is no room here for an extensive statement of the reasoning behind "
+#| "this conclusion, so I refer the reader to the web pages <a href=\"/"
+#| "philosophy/why-free.html\"> http://www.gnu.org/philosophy/why-free.html</"
+#| "a> and <a href=\"/philosophy/free-software-even-more-important.html\"> "
+#| "http://www.gnu.org/philosophy/free-software-even-more-important.html</a>."
msgid ""
"There is no room here for an extensive statement of the reasoning behind "
-"this conclusion, so I refer the reader to the web pages <a href=\"/"
-"philosophy/why-free.html\"> http://www.gnu.org/philosophy/why-free.html</a> "
-"and <a href=\"/philosophy/free-software-even-more-important.html\"> http://";
-"www.gnu.org/philosophy/free-software-even-more-important.html</a>."
+"this conclusion, so I refer the reader to “<a href=\"/philosophy/why-"
+"free.html\">Why Software Should Not Have Owners</a>,” and “<a "
+"href=\"/philosophy/free-software-even-more-important.html\">Free Software Is "
+"Even More Important Now</a>.”"
msgstr ""
"Non c'è modo in questa sede di trattare approfonditamente i ragionamenti che
"
"portano a questa conclusione; il lettore interessato può vedere <a href=\"/"
@@ -313,11 +368,11 @@
"e <a href=\"/philosophy/free-software-even-more-important.html\"> http://www.";
"gnu.org/philosophy/free-software-even-more-important.html</a>."
-#. type: Content of: <h3>
+#. type: Content of: <div><h3>
msgid "A stark moral choice"
msgstr "Una difficile scelta morale"
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"With my community gone, to continue as before was impossible. Instead, I "
"faced a stark moral choice."
@@ -325,7 +380,7 @@
"Una volta che il mio gruppo si fu sciolto, continuare come prima fu "
"impossible. Mi trovai di fronte ad una difficile scelta morale."
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"The easy choice was to join the proprietary software world, signing "
"nondisclosure agreements and promising not to help my fellow hacker. Most "
@@ -340,7 +395,7 @@
"contribuendo così alla pressione su altri perché a loro volta tradissero i "
"propri compagni."
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"I could have made money this way, and perhaps amused myself writing code. "
"But I knew that at the end of my career, I would look back on years of "
@@ -352,7 +407,7 @@
"guardare indietro, avrei visto anni spesi a costruire muri per dividere le "
"persone, e avrei compreso di aver contribuito a rendere il mondo peggiore."
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"I had already experienced being on the receiving end of a nondisclosure "
"agreement, when someone refused to give me and the MIT AI Lab the source "
@@ -371,7 +426,7 @@
"rifiutò di condividere il programma con noi; non potevo far finta di niente "
"e fare lo stesso con tutti gli altri."
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"Another choice, straightforward but unpleasant, was to leave the computer "
"field. That way my skills would not be misused, but they would still be "
@@ -384,7 +439,7 @@
"colpevole di dividere o imporre restrizioni agli utenti di calcolatori, ma "
"queste cose sarebbero comunque successe."
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"So I looked for a way that a programmer could do something for the good. I "
"asked myself, was there a program or programs that I could write, so as to "
@@ -395,7 +450,7 @@
"potessi scrivere, per rendere nuovamente possibile l'esistenza di una "
"comunità ?"
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"The answer was clear: what was needed first was an operating system. That "
"is the crucial software for starting to use a computer. With an operating "
@@ -414,7 +469,24 @@
"stato in grado di usare un calcolatore, senza dover cospirare fin "
"dall'inizio per sottrarre qualcosa ai propri amici."
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
+# | As an operating system developer, I had the right skills for this job. So
+# | even though I could not take success for granted, I realized that I was
+# | elected to do the job. I chose to make the system compatible with Unix so
+# | that it would be portable, and so that Unix users could easily switch to
+# | it. The name GNU was chosen, following a hacker tradition, as a recursive
+# | acronym for “GNU's Not Unix.” It is pronounced as <a
+# | href=\"/gnu/pronunciation.html\">one syllable with a [-hard g</a>.-]
+# | {+hard <i>g</i></a>.+}
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "As an operating system developer, I had the right skills for this job. "
+#| "So even though I could not take success for granted, I realized that I "
+#| "was elected to do the job. I chose to make the system compatible with "
+#| "Unix so that it would be portable, and so that Unix users could easily "
+#| "switch to it. The name GNU was chosen, following a hacker tradition, as "
+#| "a recursive acronym for “GNU's Not Unix.” It is pronounced as "
+#| "<a href=\"/gnu/pronunciation.html\">one syllable with a hard g</a>."
msgid ""
"As an operating system developer, I had the right skills for this job. So "
"even though I could not take success for granted, I realized that I was "
@@ -422,7 +494,7 @@
"that it would be portable, and so that Unix users could easily switch to "
"it. The name GNU was chosen, following a hacker tradition, as a recursive "
"acronym for “GNU's Not Unix.” It is pronounced as <a href=\"/gnu/"
-"pronunciation.html\">one syllable with a hard g</a>."
+"pronunciation.html\">one syllable with a hard <i>g</i></a>."
msgstr ""
"Essendo un programmatore di sistemi, possedevo le competenze adeguate per "
"questo lavoro. Così, anche se non davo il successo per scontato, mi resi "
@@ -434,7 +506,7 @@
"\">come una sola sillaba con la g dura, come âgruâ ma con la lettera
ânâ al "
"posto della ârâ</a>."
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"An operating system does not mean just a kernel, barely enough to run other "
"programs. In the 1970s, every operating system worthy of the name included "
@@ -450,40 +522,38 @@
"VMS li aveva e Unix li aveva. Anche il sistema operativo GNU li avrebbe "
"avuti."
-#. type: Content of: <p>
-msgid "Later I heard these words, attributed to Hillel (1):"
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
+# | Later I heard these words, attributed to [-Hillel (1):-] {+Hillel <a
+# | href=\"#ft2\">[2]</a>:+}
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid "Later I heard these words, attributed to Hillel (1):"
+msgid ""
+"Later I heard these words, attributed to Hillel <a href=\"#ft2\">[2]</"
+"a>:"
msgstr ""
"Tempo dopo venni a conoscenza di questa massima, attribuita a Hillel(1):"
-#. type: Content of: <blockquote><p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><blockquote><p>
msgid "If I am not for myself, who will be for me?"
msgstr "Se non sono per me stesso, chi sarà per me?"
-#. type: Content of: <blockquote><p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><blockquote><p>
msgid "If I am only for myself, what am I?"
msgstr "E se sono solo per me stesso, che cosa sono?"
-#. type: Content of: <blockquote><p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><blockquote><p>
msgid "If not now, when?"
msgstr "E se non ora, quando?"
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid "The decision to start the GNU Project was based on a similar spirit."
msgstr "La decisione di avviare il progetto GNU si basò su uno spirito
simile."
-#. type: Content of: <p>
-msgid ""
-"(1) As an Atheist, I don't follow any religious leaders, but I sometimes "
-"find I admire something one of them has said."
-msgstr ""
-"(1) Essendo ateo, non seguo alcuna guida religiosa, ma a volte mi trovo ad "
-"ammirare qualcosa che qualcuno di loro ha detto."
-
-#. type: Content of: <h3>
+#. type: Content of: <div><h3>
msgid "Free as in freedom"
msgstr "\"Free\" come libero"
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"The term “free software” is sometimes misunderstood—it has "
"nothing to do with price. It is about freedom. Here, therefore, is the "
@@ -494,18 +564,18 @@
"vedere col prezzo; si tratta di libertà . Ecco, dunque, la definizione di "
"software libero."
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid "A program is free software, for you, a particular user, if:"
msgstr ""
"Un programma è software libero per voi, che ne siete un generico utente, se:"
-#. type: Content of: <ul><li>
+#. type: Content of: <div><ul><li>
msgid "You have the freedom to run the program as you wish, for any purpose."
msgstr ""
"l'utente ha la libertà di eseguire il programma come desidera, per qualsiasi
"
"scopo;"
-#. type: Content of: <ul><li>
+#. type: Content of: <div><ul><li>
msgid ""
"You have the freedom to modify the program to suit your needs. (To make "
"this freedom effective in practice, you must have access to the source code, "
@@ -518,14 +588,14 @@
"apportare modifiche ad un programma senza disporre del codice sorgente è
"
"estremamente difficile);"
-#. type: Content of: <ul><li>
+#. type: Content of: <div><ul><li>
msgid ""
"You have the freedom to redistribute copies, either gratis or for a fee."
msgstr ""
"l'utente ha la libertà di distribuire copie del programma, gratuitamente
"
"o dietro compenso;"
-#. type: Content of: <ul><li>
+#. type: Content of: <div><ul><li>
msgid ""
"You have the freedom to distribute modified versions of the program, so that "
"the community can benefit from your improvements."
@@ -533,7 +603,7 @@
"l'utente ha la libertà di distribuire versioni modificate del programma,
"
"così che la comunità possa fruire dei miglioramenti apportati."
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"Since “free” refers to freedom, not to price, there is no "
"contradiction between selling copies and free software. In fact, the "
@@ -550,14 +620,34 @@
"libero. Di conseguenza, un programma che non può essere liberamente incluso
"
"in tali raccolte non è software libero."
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
+# | Because of the ambiguity of [-“free”,-]
+# | {+“free,”+} people have long looked for alternatives, but no
+# | one has found a better term. The English language has more words and
+# | nuances than any other, but it lacks a simple, unambiguous, word that
+# | means [-“free”,-] {+“free,”+} as in
+# | freedom—“unfettered” being the word that comes closest
+# | in meaning. Such alternatives as [-“liberated”,
+# | “freedom”,-] {+“liberated,”
+# | “freedom,”+} and “open” have either the wrong
+# | meaning or some other disadvantage.
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "Because of the ambiguity of “free”, people have long looked "
+#| "for alternatives, but no one has found a better term. The English "
+#| "language has more words and nuances than any other, but it lacks a "
+#| "simple, unambiguous, word that means “free”, as in "
+#| "freedom—“unfettered” being the word that comes closest "
+#| "in meaning. Such alternatives as “liberated”, “"
+#| "freedom”, and “open” have either the wrong meaning or "
+#| "some other disadvantage."
msgid ""
-"Because of the ambiguity of “free”, people have long looked for "
+"Because of the ambiguity of “free,” people have long looked for "
"alternatives, but no one has found a better term. The English language has "
"more words and nuances than any other, but it lacks a simple, unambiguous, "
-"word that means “free”, as in freedom—“"
+"word that means “free,” as in freedom—“"
"unfettered” being the word that comes closest in meaning. Such "
-"alternatives as “liberated”, “freedom”, and “"
+"alternatives as “liberated,” “freedom,” and “"
"open” have either the wrong meaning or some other disadvantage."
msgstr ""
"A causa dell'ambiguità del termine “free”, si è cercata a lungo
"
@@ -570,11 +660,11 @@
"open” hanno significati errati o non sono adatte per altri motivi "
"[NdT: rispettivamente, <em>liberato</em>, <em>libertà </em>,
<em>aperto</em>]."
-#. type: Content of: <h3>
+#. type: Content of: <div><h3>
msgid "GNU software and the GNU system"
msgstr "Software GNU e il sistema GNU"
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"Developing a whole system is a very large project. To bring it into reach, "
"I decided to adapt and use existing pieces of free software wherever that "
@@ -589,7 +679,7 @@
"tardi, decisi di usare l'X Window System piuttosto che scrivere un altro "
"sistema a finestre per GNU."
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"Because of these decisions, and others like them, the GNU system is not the "
"same as the collection of all GNU software. The GNU system includes "
@@ -602,11 +692,11 @@
"programmi che non sono GNU, sviluppati da altre persone o gruppi di progetto "
"per i propri scopi, ma che possiamo usare in quanto software libero."
-#. type: Content of: <h3>
+#. type: Content of: <div><h3>
msgid "Commencing the project"
msgstr "L'inizio del progetto"
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"In January 1984 I quit my job at MIT and began writing GNU software. "
"Leaving MIT was necessary so that MIT would not be able to interfere with "
@@ -626,7 +716,7 @@
"inutilizzabile per il suo scopo originario: creare una nuova comunità di "
"condivisione di software."
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"However, Professor Winston, then the head of the MIT AI Lab, kindly invited "
"me to keep using the lab's facilities."
@@ -635,15 +725,29 @@
"laboratorio AI del MIT -- mi propose gentilmente di continuare ad utilizzare "
"le attrezzature del laboratorio stesso."
-#. type: Content of: <h3>
+#. type: Content of: <div><h3>
msgid "The first steps"
msgstr "I primi passi"
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
+# | Shortly before beginning the GNU Project, I heard about the Free
+# | University Compiler Kit, also known as VUCK. (The Dutch word for
+# | “free” is written with a [-<em>v</em>.)-] {+<i>v</i>.)+} This
+# | was a compiler designed to handle multiple languages, including C and
+# | Pascal, and to support multiple target machines. I wrote to its author
+# | asking if GNU could use it.
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "Shortly before beginning the GNU Project, I heard about the Free "
+#| "University Compiler Kit, also known as VUCK. (The Dutch word for “"
+#| "free” is written with a <em>v</em>.) This was a compiler designed "
+#| "to handle multiple languages, including C and Pascal, and to support "
+#| "multiple target machines. I wrote to its author asking if GNU could use "
+#| "it."
msgid ""
"Shortly before beginning the GNU Project, I heard about the Free University "
"Compiler Kit, also known as VUCK. (The Dutch word for “free” is "
-"written with a <em>v</em>.) This was a compiler designed to handle multiple "
+"written with a <i>v</i>.) This was a compiler designed to handle multiple "
"languages, including C and Pascal, and to support multiple target machines. "
"I wrote to its author asking if GNU could use it."
msgstr ""
@@ -653,7 +757,7 @@
"fra cui C e Pascal, e per generare codice binario per diverse architetture. "
"Scrissi al suo autore chiedendo se GNU potesse usarlo."
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"He responded derisively, stating that the university was free but the "
"compiler was not. I therefore decided that my first program for the GNU "
@@ -663,7 +767,7 @@
"il compilatore. Decisi allora che il mio primo programma per il progetto "
"GNU sarebbe stato un compilatore multilinguaggio e multipiattaforma."
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"Hoping to avoid the need to write the whole compiler myself, I obtained the "
"source code for the Pastel compiler, which was a multiplatform compiler "
@@ -684,11 +788,31 @@
"megabyte di memoria sullo stack, mentre il sistema Unix disponibile per il "
"processore 68000 ne permetteva solo 64K."
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
+# | I then realized that the Pastel compiler functioned by parsing the entire
+# | input file into a syntax tree, converting the whole syntax tree into a
+# | chain of [-“instructions”,-] {+“instructions,”+}
+# | and then generating the whole output file, without ever freeing any
+# | storage. At this point, I concluded I would have to write a new compiler
+# | from scratch. That new compiler is now known as <abbr title=\"GNU
+# | Compiler Collection\">GCC</abbr>; none of the Pastel compiler is used in
+# | it, but I managed to adapt and use the C front end that I had written.
+# | But that was some years later; first, I worked on GNU Emacs.
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "I then realized that the Pastel compiler functioned by parsing the entire "
+#| "input file into a syntax tree, converting the whole syntax tree into a "
+#| "chain of “instructions”, and then generating the whole output "
+#| "file, without ever freeing any storage. At this point, I concluded I "
+#| "would have to write a new compiler from scratch. That new compiler is "
+#| "now known as <abbr title=\"GNU Compiler Collection\">GCC</abbr>; none of "
+#| "the Pastel compiler is used in it, but I managed to adapt and use the C "
+#| "front end that I had written. But that was some years later; first, I "
+#| "worked on GNU Emacs."
msgid ""
"I then realized that the Pastel compiler functioned by parsing the entire "
"input file into a syntax tree, converting the whole syntax tree into a chain "
-"of “instructions”, and then generating the whole output file, "
+"of “instructions,” and then generating the whole output file, "
"without ever freeing any storage. At this point, I concluded I would have "
"to write a new compiler from scratch. That new compiler is now known as "
"<abbr title=\"GNU Compiler Collection\">GCC</abbr>; none of the Pastel "
@@ -704,11 +828,11 @@
"Pastel, ma riuscii ad adattare e riutilizzare il frontend per il C che avevo "
"scritto. Questo però avvenne qualche anno dopo; prima, lavorai su GNU
Emacs."
-#. type: Content of: <h3>
+#. type: Content of: <div><h3>
msgid "GNU Emacs"
msgstr "GNU Emacs"
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"I began work on GNU Emacs in September 1984, and in early 1985 it was "
"beginning to be usable. This enabled me to begin using Unix systems to do "
@@ -720,7 +844,7 @@
"Unix per scrivere; fino ad allora, avevo scritto sempre su altri tipi di "
"macchine, non avendo nessun interesse ad imparare vi né ed."
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"At this point, people began wanting to use GNU Emacs, which raised the "
"question of how to distribute it. Of course, I put it on the anonymous ftp "
@@ -739,7 +863,7 @@
"allora molte delle persone interessate non erano su Internet e non potevano "
"ottenere una copia via ftp, così mi si pose il problema di cosa dir loro."
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"I could have said, “Find a friend who is on the net and who will make "
"a copy for you.” Or I could have done what I did with the original "
@@ -760,11 +884,11 @@
"un'impresa di distribuzione di software libero, che anticipava le aziende "
"che oggi distribuiscono interi sistemi GNU/Linux."
-#. type: Content of: <h3>
+#. type: Content of: <div><h3>
msgid "Is a program free for every user?"
msgstr "Un programma è libero per tutti?"
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"If a program is free software when it leaves the hands of its author, this "
"does not necessarily mean it will be free software for everyone who has a "
@@ -784,7 +908,7 @@
"da diritto d'autore, ma vengono distribuiti con semplici licenze permissive "
"che permettono di farne versioni modificate proprietarie. "
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"The paradigmatic example of this problem is the X Window System. Developed "
"at MIT, and released as free software with a permissive license, it was soon "
@@ -799,11 +923,23 @@
"stesso accordo di non-diffusione. Queste copie di X non erano software più "
"libero di quanto lo fosse Unix. "
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
+# | The developers of the X Window System did not consider this a
+# | problem—they expected and intended this to happen. Their goal was
+# | not freedom, just [-“success”,-] {+“success,”+}
+# | defined as “having many users.” They did not care whether
+# | these users had freedom, only that they should be numerous.
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "The developers of the X Window System did not consider this a "
+#| "problem—they expected and intended this to happen. Their goal was "
+#| "not freedom, just “success”, defined as “having many "
+#| "users.” They did not care whether these users had freedom, only "
+#| "that they should be numerous."
msgid ""
"The developers of the X Window System did not consider this a problem—"
"they expected and intended this to happen. Their goal was not freedom, just "
-"“success”, defined as “having many users.” They did "
+"“success,” defined as “having many users.” They did "
"not care whether these users had freedom, only that they should be numerous."
msgstr ""
"Gli autori dell'X Window System non ritenevano che questo fosse un problema, "
@@ -812,7 +948,7 @@
"tanti utenti\". Non erano interessati che questi utenti fossero liberi, ma "
"solo che fossero numerosi. "
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"This led to a paradoxical situation where two different ways of counting the "
"amount of freedom gave different answers to the question, “Is this "
@@ -831,23 +967,34 @@
"di X usavano le versioni proprietarie fornite con i sistemi Unix, non la "
"versione libera. "
-#. type: Content of: <h3>
+#. type: Content of: <div><h3>
msgid "Copyleft and the GNU GPL"
msgstr "Il copyleft e la GNU GPL"
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
+# | The goal of GNU was to give users freedom, not just to be popular. So we
+# | needed to use distribution terms that would prevent GNU software from
+# | being turned into proprietary software. The method we use is called
+# | [-“copyleft”.(1)-] {+“copyleft” <a
+# | href=\"#ft3\">[3]</a>.+}
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "The goal of GNU was to give users freedom, not just to be popular. So we "
+#| "needed to use distribution terms that would prevent GNU software from "
+#| "being turned into proprietary software. The method we use is called "
+#| "“copyleft”.(1)"
msgid ""
"The goal of GNU was to give users freedom, not just to be popular. So we "
"needed to use distribution terms that would prevent GNU software from being "
"turned into proprietary software. The method we use is called “"
-"copyleft”.(1)"
+"copyleft” <a href=\"#ft3\">[3]</a>."
msgstr ""
"Lo scopo di GNU consisteva nell'offrire libertà agli utenti, non solo "
"nell'ottenere ampia diffusione. Avevamo quindi bisogno di termini di "
"distribuzione che evitassero che il software GNU fosse trasformato in "
"software proprietario. Il metodo che usammo si chiama \"copyleft\"(1). "
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"Copyleft uses copyright law, but flips it over to serve the opposite of its "
"usual purpose: instead of a means for restricting a program, it becomes a "
@@ -858,7 +1005,7 @@
"metodo per privatizzare il software, diventa infatti un mezzo per mantenerlo "
"libero. "
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"The central idea of copyleft is that we give everyone permission to run the "
"program, copy the program, modify the program, and distribute modified "
@@ -873,7 +1020,7 @@
"software\" (software libero) sono garantite a chiunque ne abbia una copia, e "
"diventano diritti inalienabili. "
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"For an effective copyleft, modified versions must also be free. This "
"ensures that work based on ours becomes available to our community if it is "
@@ -890,7 +1037,7 @@
"distribuire quelle modifiche, perché abbiamo intenzione di usarle per creare
"
"la nostra versione proprietaria del programma\". "
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"The requirement that changes must be free is essential if we want to ensure "
"freedom for every user of the program. The companies that privatized the X "
@@ -907,7 +1054,7 @@
"apportare modifiche fosse una scusa per negare libertà agli utenti, sarebbe "
"facile per chiunque approfittare di questa scusa. "
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"A related issue concerns combining a free program with nonfree code. Such a "
"combination would inevitably be nonfree; whichever freedoms are lacking for "
@@ -926,13 +1073,27 @@
"con un programma protetto da copyleft dev'essere tale che il programma "
"risultante sia anch'esso libero e protetto da copyleft. "
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
+# | The specific implementation of copyleft that we use for most GNU software
+# | is the GNU General Public License, or GNU GPL for short. We have other
+# | kinds of copyleft that are used in specific circumstances. GNU manuals
+# | are copylefted also, but use a much simpler kind of copyleft, because the
+# | complexity of the GNU GPL is not necessary for [-manuals.(2)-]
+# | {+manuals. <a href=\"#ft4\">[4]</a>+}
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "The specific implementation of copyleft that we use for most GNU software "
+#| "is the GNU General Public License, or GNU GPL for short. We have other "
+#| "kinds of copyleft that are used in specific circumstances. GNU manuals "
+#| "are copylefted also, but use a much simpler kind of copyleft, because the "
+#| "complexity of the GNU GPL is not necessary for manuals.(2)"
msgid ""
"The specific implementation of copyleft that we use for most GNU software is "
"the GNU General Public License, or GNU GPL for short. We have other kinds "
"of copyleft that are used in specific circumstances. GNU manuals are "
"copylefted also, but use a much simpler kind of copyleft, because the "
-"complexity of the GNU GPL is not necessary for manuals.(2)"
+"complexity of the GNU GPL is not necessary for manuals. <a href="
+"\"#ft4\">[4]</a>"
msgstr ""
"La specifica implementazione di copyleft che utilizziamo per la maggior "
"parte del software GNU è la GNU General Public License (licenza pubblica "
@@ -941,36 +1102,34 @@
"protetti da copyleft, ma ne usano una versione molto più semplice, perché "
"per i manuali non è necessaria la complessità della GPL.(2)"
-#. type: Content of: <p>
-msgid ""
-"(1) In 1984 or 1985, Don Hopkins (a very imaginative fellow) mailed me a "
-"letter. On the envelope he had written several amusing sayings, including "
-"this one: “Copyleft—all rights reversed.” I used the word "
-"“copyleft” to name the distribution concept I was developing at "
-"the time."
-msgstr ""
-"(1) Nel 1984 o 1985, Don Hopkins, persona molto creativa, mi mandò una "
-"lettera. Sulla busta aveva scritto diverse frasi argute, fra cui questa: "
-"\"Copyleft--tutti i diritti rovesciati\". Utilizzai l'espressione \"copyleft"
-"\" per battezzare il concetto di distribuzione che allora andavo elaborando. "
-
-#. type: Content of: <p>
-msgid ""
-"(2) We now use the <a href=\"/licenses/fdl.html\">GNU Free Documentation "
-"License</a> for documentation."
-msgstr ""
-"(2) Ora utilizziamo la <a href=\"/licenses/fdl.html\">GNU Free Documentation "
-"License</a> per la documentazione."
-
-#. type: Content of: <h3>
+#. type: Content of: <div><h3>
msgid "The Free Software Foundation"
msgstr "La Free Software Foundation"
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
+# | As interest in using Emacs was growing, other people became involved in
+# | the GNU project, and we decided that it was time to seek funding once
+# | again. So in 1985 we created the <a
+# | href=\"http{+s+}://www.fsf.org/\">Free Software Foundation</a> (FSF), a
+# | tax-exempt charity for free software development. The <abbr title=\"Free
+# | Software Foundation\">FSF</abbr> also took over the Emacs tape
+# | distribution business; later it extended this by adding other free
+# | software (both GNU and non-GNU) to the tape, and by selling free manuals
+# | as well.
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "As interest in using Emacs was growing, other people became involved in "
+#| "the GNU project, and we decided that it was time to seek funding once "
+#| "again. So in 1985 we created the <a href=\"http://www.fsf.org/\";>Free "
+#| "Software Foundation</a> (FSF), a tax-exempt charity for free software "
+#| "development. The <abbr title=\"Free Software Foundation\">FSF</abbr> "
+#| "also took over the Emacs tape distribution business; later it extended "
+#| "this by adding other free software (both GNU and non-GNU) to the tape, "
+#| "and by selling free manuals as well."
msgid ""
"As interest in using Emacs was growing, other people became involved in the "
"GNU project, and we decided that it was time to seek funding once again. So "
-"in 1985 we created the <a href=\"http://www.fsf.org/\";>Free Software "
+"in 1985 we created the <a href=\"https://www.fsf.org/\";>Free Software "
"Foundation</a> (FSF), a tax-exempt charity for free software development. "
"The <abbr title=\"Free Software Foundation\">FSF</abbr> also took over the "
"Emacs tape distribution business; later it extended this by adding other "
@@ -987,16 +1146,37 @@
"sul nastro altro software libero (sia GNU che non GNU) e vendendo manuali "
"liberi. "
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
+# | Most of the FSF's income used to come from sales of copies of free
+# | software and of other related services (CD-ROMs of source code, CD-ROMs
+# | with binaries, nicely printed manuals, all with the freedom to
+# | redistribute and modify), and Deluxe Distributions (distributions for
+# | which we built the whole collection of software for the customer's choice
+# | of platform). Today the FSF still <a href=\"http{+s+}://shop.fsf.org/\">
+# | sells manuals and other gear</a>, but it gets the bulk of its funding from
+# | members' dues. You can join the FSF at <a
+# | [-href=\"http://fsf.org/join\";>fsf.org</a>.-]
+# | {+href=\"https://my.fsf.org/join\";>fsf.org</a>.+}
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "Most of the FSF's income used to come from sales of copies of free "
+#| "software and of other related services (CD-ROMs of source code, CD-ROMs "
+#| "with binaries, nicely printed manuals, all with the freedom to "
+#| "redistribute and modify), and Deluxe Distributions (distributions for "
+#| "which we built the whole collection of software for the customer's choice "
+#| "of platform). Today the FSF still <a href=\"http://shop.fsf.org/\";> "
+#| "sells manuals and other gear</a>, but it gets the bulk of its funding "
+#| "from members' dues. You can join the FSF at <a href=\"http://fsf.org/join";
+#| "\">fsf.org</a>."
msgid ""
"Most of the FSF's income used to come from sales of copies of free software "
"and of other related services (CD-ROMs of source code, CD-ROMs with "
"binaries, nicely printed manuals, all with the freedom to redistribute and "
"modify), and Deluxe Distributions (distributions for which we built the "
"whole collection of software for the customer's choice of platform). Today "
-"the FSF still <a href=\"http://shop.fsf.org/\";> sells manuals and other "
+"the FSF still <a href=\"https://shop.fsf.org/\";> sells manuals and other "
"gear</a>, but it gets the bulk of its funding from members' dues. You can "
-"join the FSF at <a href=\"http://fsf.org/join\";>fsf.org</a>."
+"join the FSF at <a href=\"https://my.fsf.org/join\";>fsf.org</a>."
msgstr ""
"Tradizionalmente, gran parte delle entrate della FSF derivava dalle vendite "
"di copie di software libero e servizi correlati: CD-ROM di codice sorgente, "
@@ -1007,7 +1187,24 @@
"materiale</a> ma trae la maggior parte dei fondi dalle quote associative. "
"Potete associarvi tramite <a href=\"http://fsf.org/join\";>fsf.org</a>."
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
+# | Free Software Foundation employees have written and maintained a number of
+# | GNU software packages. Two notable ones are the C library and the shell.
+# | The GNU C library is what every program running on a GNU/Linux system uses
+# | to communicate with Linux. It was developed by a member of the Free
+# | Software Foundation staff, Roland McGrath. The shell used on most
+# | GNU/Linux systems is <abbr title=\"Bourne Again Shell\">BASH</abbr>, the
+# | Bourne Again [-Shell(1),-] {+SHell <a href=\"#ft5\">[5]</a>,+} which
+# | was developed by FSF employee Brian Fox.
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "Free Software Foundation employees have written and maintained a number "
+#| "of GNU software packages. Two notable ones are the C library and the "
+#| "shell. The GNU C library is what every program running on a GNU/Linux "
+#| "system uses to communicate with Linux. It was developed by a member of "
+#| "the Free Software Foundation staff, Roland McGrath. The shell used on "
+#| "most GNU/Linux systems is <abbr title=\"Bourne Again Shell\">BASH</abbr>, "
+#| "the Bourne Again Shell(1), which was developed by FSF employee Brian Fox."
msgid ""
"Free Software Foundation employees have written and maintained a number of "
"GNU software packages. Two notable ones are the C library and the shell. "
@@ -1015,7 +1212,8 @@
"to communicate with Linux. It was developed by a member of the Free "
"Software Foundation staff, Roland McGrath. The shell used on most GNU/Linux "
"systems is <abbr title=\"Bourne Again Shell\">BASH</abbr>, the Bourne Again "
-"Shell(1), which was developed by FSF employee Brian Fox."
+"SHell <a href=\"#ft5\">[5]</a>, which was developed by FSF employee "
+"Brian Fox."
msgstr ""
"I dipendenti della Free Software Foundation hanno scritto e curato la "
"manutenzione di diversi pacchetti GNU. Fra questi spiccano la libreria C e "
@@ -1026,7 +1224,7 @@
"Shell\">BASH</abbr>, la Bourne Again Shell(1), che è stata sviluppata da "
"Brian Fox, dipendente della FSF. "
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"We funded development of these programs because the GNU Project was not just "
"about tools or a development environment. Our goal was a complete operating "
@@ -1037,20 +1235,11 @@
"obiettivo era un sistema operativo completo, e questi programmi erano "
"necessari per raggiungere quell'obiettivo. "
-#. type: Content of: <p>
-msgid ""
-"(1) “Bourne Again Shell” is a play on the name “Bourne "
-"Shell”, which was the usual shell on Unix."
-msgstr ""
-"(1) \"Bourne Again Shell\" è un gioco di parole sul nome \"Bourne Shell\", "
-"che era la normale shell di Unix [NdT: \"Bourne again\" richiama "
-"l'espressione cristiana \"born again\", \"rinato\" (in Cristo)]. "
-
-#. type: Content of: <h3>
+#. type: Content of: <div><h3>
msgid "Free software support"
msgstr "Il supporto per il software libero"
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"The free software philosophy rejects a specific widespread business "
"practice, but it is not against business. When businesses respect the "
@@ -1060,7 +1249,7 @@
"particolare, ma non è contro il commercio. Quando un'impresa rispetta la "
"libertà dell'utente, c'è da augurarle ogni successo. "
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"Selling copies of Emacs demonstrates one kind of free software business. "
"When the FSF took over that business, I needed another way to make a "
@@ -1076,7 +1265,7 @@
"quali programmazione di Emacs e personalizzazione di GCC, oppure sviluppare "
"sofware, soprattutto adattamento di GCC a nuove architetture. "
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"Today each of these kinds of free software business is practiced by a number "
"of corporations. Some distribute free software collections on CD-ROM; "
@@ -1091,14 +1280,33 @@
"banali. Si cominciano anche a vedere aziende di software che si fondano sul "
"lancio di nuovi programmi liberi. "
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
+# | Watch out, though—a number of companies that associate themselves
+# | with the term “open source” actually base their business on
+# | nonfree software that works with free software. These are not free
+# | software companies, they are proprietary software companies whose products
+# | tempt users away from freedom. They call these programs
+# | “value-added [-packages”,-] {+packages,”+} which shows
+# | the values they would like us to adopt: convenience above freedom. If we
+# | value freedom more, we should call them “freedom-subtracted”
+# | packages.
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "Watch out, though—a number of companies that associate themselves "
+#| "with the term “open source” actually base their business on "
+#| "nonfree software that works with free software. These are not free "
+#| "software companies, they are proprietary software companies whose "
+#| "products tempt users away from freedom. They call these programs “"
+#| "value-added packages”, which shows the values they would like us to "
+#| "adopt: convenience above freedom. If we value freedom more, we should "
+#| "call them “freedom-subtracted” packages."
msgid ""
"Watch out, though—a number of companies that associate themselves with "
"the term “open source” actually base their business on nonfree "
"software that works with free software. These are not free software "
"companies, they are proprietary software companies whose products tempt "
"users away from freedom. They call these programs “value-added "
-"packages”, which shows the values they would like us to adopt: "
+"packages,” which shows the values they would like us to adopt: "
"convenience above freedom. If we value freedom more, we should call them "
"“freedom-subtracted” packages."
msgstr ""
@@ -1112,11 +1320,11 @@
"libertà abbia più valore, li dovremmo chiamare prodotti \"a libertÃ
sottratta"
"\". "
-#. type: Content of: <h3>
+#. type: Content of: <div><h3>
msgid "Technical goals"
msgstr "Obiettivi tecnici"
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"The principal goal of GNU is to be free software. Even if GNU had no "
"technical advantage over Unix, it would have a social advantage, allowing "
@@ -1127,7 +1335,7 @@
"sociale, permettendo agli utenti di cooperare, sia un vantaggio etico, "
"rispettando la loro libertà . "
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"But it was natural to apply the known standards of good practice to the "
"work—for example, dynamically allocating data structures to avoid "
@@ -1139,7 +1347,7 @@
"evitare limitazioni arbitrarie sulla dimensione dei dati, o gestire tutti i "
"possibili codici a 8 bit in tutti i casi ragionevoli. "
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"In addition, we rejected the Unix focus on small memory size, by deciding "
"not to support 16-bit machines (it was clear that 32-bit machines would be "
@@ -1158,7 +1366,7 @@
"memoria l'intero file di ingresso per poi analizzare il file senza doversi "
"preoccupare delle operazioni di I/O. "
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"These decisions enabled many GNU programs to surpass their Unix counterparts "
"in reliability and speed."
@@ -1166,11 +1374,11 @@
"Queste decisioni fecero sì che molti programmi GNU superassero i loro "
"equivalenti Unix sia in affidabilità che in velocità di esecuzione. "
-#. type: Content of: <h3>
+#. type: Content of: <div><h3>
msgid "Donated computers"
msgstr "Donazioni di computer"
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"As the GNU Project's reputation grew, people began offering to donate "
"machines running Unix to the project. These were very useful, because the "
@@ -1186,7 +1394,7 @@
"questione etica: se fosse giusto per noi anche solo possedere una copia di "
"Unix. "
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"Unix was (and is) proprietary software, and the GNU Project's philosophy "
"said that we should not use proprietary software. But, applying the same "
@@ -1202,7 +1410,7 @@
"stato importante nel crearne un sostituto libero che permettesse ad altri di "
"smettere di usare quello proprietario. "
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"But, even if this was a justifiable evil, it was still an evil. Today we no "
"longer have any copies of Unix, because we have replaced them with free "
@@ -1214,11 +1422,11 @@
"sistemi operativi liberi. Quando non fu possibile sostituire il sistema "
"operativo di una macchina con uno libero, sostituimmo la macchina. "
-#. type: Content of: <h3>
+#. type: Content of: <div><h3>
msgid "The GNU Task List"
msgstr "L'elenco dei compiti GNU"
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"As the GNU Project proceeded, and increasing numbers of system components "
"were found or developed, eventually it became useful to make a list of the "
@@ -1237,13 +1445,27 @@
"che a nostro parere non dovrebbero mancare in un sistema operativo veramente "
"completo. "
-#. type: Content of: <p>
-msgid ""
-"Today (1), hardly any Unix components are left in the GNU Task List—"
-"those jobs had been done, aside from a few inessential ones. But the list "
-"is full of projects that some might call “applications”. Any "
-"program that appeals to more than a narrow class of users would be a useful "
-"thing to add to an operating system."
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
+# | [-Today (1),-]{+Today <a href=\"#ft6\">[6]</a>,+} hardly any Unix
+# | components are left in the GNU Task List—those jobs had been done,
+# | aside from a few inessential ones. But the list is full of projects that
+# | some might call [-“applications”.-]
+# | {+“applications.”+} Any program that appeals to more than a
+# | narrow class of users would be a useful thing to add to an operating
+# | system.
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "Today (1), hardly any Unix components are left in the GNU Task List—"
+#| "those jobs had been done, aside from a few inessential ones. But the "
+#| "list is full of projects that some might call “"
+#| "applications”. Any program that appeals to more than a narrow "
+#| "class of users would be a useful thing to add to an operating system."
+msgid ""
+"Today <a href=\"#ft6\">[6]</a>, hardly any Unix components are left in "
+"the GNU Task List—those jobs had been done, aside from a few "
+"inessential ones. But the list is full of projects that some might call "
+"“applications.” Any program that appeals to more than a narrow "
+"class of users would be a useful thing to add to an operating system."
msgstr ""
"Oggi non compare quasi nessun componente Unix nell'elenco dei compiti GNU; "
"tutti questi lavori, a parte qualcuno non essenziale, sono già stati svolti.
"
@@ -1251,7 +1473,7 @@
"\"applicazioni\": ogni programma che interessi ad una fetta non trascurabile "
"di utenti sarebbe un'utile aggiunta ad un sistema operativo. "
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"Even games are included in the task list—and have been since the "
"beginning. Unix included games, so naturally GNU should too. But "
@@ -1265,34 +1487,31 @@
"alla scelta di giochi presenti in Unix, preferendo piuttosto fornire un "
"elenco di diversi tipi di giochi potenzialmente graditi agli utenti. "
-#. type: Content of: <p>
-msgid ""
-"(1) That was written in 1998. In 2009 we no longer maintain a long task "
-"list. The community develops free software so fast that we can't even keep "
-"track of it all. Instead, we have a list of High Priority Projects, a much "
-"shorter list of projects we really want to encourage people to write."
-msgstr ""
-"(1) Questa considerazione è del 1998. A partire dal 2009 non abbiamo più
un "
-"lungo elenco di compiti. La comunità sviluppa software libero così "
-"velocemente che non riusciamo nemmeno a tenere traccia di tutto. Quindi ora "
-"abbiamo un elenco di progetti ad alta priorità , una breve lista di progetti "
-"su cui riteniamo davvero importante che qualcuno si impegni."
-
-#. type: Content of: <h3>
+#. type: Content of: <div><h3>
msgid "The GNU Library GPL"
msgstr "La licenza GNU per le librerie"
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
+# | The GNU C library uses a special kind of copyleft called the GNU Library
+# | General Public [-License(1),-] {+License <a href=\"#ft7\">[7]</a>,+}
+# | which gives permission to link proprietary software with the library. Why
+# | make this exception?
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "The GNU C library uses a special kind of copyleft called the GNU Library "
+#| "General Public License(1), which gives permission to link proprietary "
+#| "software with the library. Why make this exception?"
msgid ""
"The GNU C library uses a special kind of copyleft called the GNU Library "
-"General Public License(1), which gives permission to link proprietary "
-"software with the library. Why make this exception?"
+"General Public License <a href=\"#ft7\">[7]</a>, which gives "
+"permission to link proprietary software with the library. Why make this "
+"exception?"
msgstr ""
"La libreria C del sistema GNU utilizza un tipo speciale di copyleft, la "
"\"Licenza Pubblica GNU per le Librerie\"(1), che permette l'uso della "
"libreria da parte di software proprietario. Perché quest'eccezione? "
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"It is not a matter of principle; there is no principle that says proprietary "
"software products are entitled to include our code. (Why contribute to a "
@@ -1305,7 +1524,7 @@
"condividere con noi?). L'uso della licenza LGPL per la libreria C, o per "
"qualsiasi altra libreria, è una questione di strategia. "
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"The C library does a generic job; every proprietary system or compiler comes "
"with a C library. Therefore, to make our C library available only to free "
@@ -1318,7 +1537,7 @@
"avrebbe dato nessun vantaggio a tali programmi liberi, avrebbe solo "
"disincentivato l'uso della nostra libreria. "
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"One system is an exception to this: on the GNU system (and this includes GNU/"
"Linux), the GNU C library is the only C library. So the distribution terms "
@@ -1338,7 +1557,7 @@
"l'uso del sistema GNU che non a incoraggiare lo sviluppo di applicazioni "
"libere. "
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"For other libraries, the strategic decision needs to be considered on a case-"
"by-case basis. When a library does a special job that can help write "
@@ -1352,7 +1571,7 @@
"soli programmi liberi, è un modo per aiutare gli altri autori di software "
"libero, dando loro un vantaggio nei confronti del software proprietario. "
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"Consider GNU Readline, a library that was developed to provide command-line "
"editing for BASH. Readline is released under the ordinary GNU GPL, not the "
@@ -1368,7 +1587,7 @@
"almeno una applicazione utile è stata resa software libero proprio al fine "
"di usare Readline, e questo è un guadagno tangibile per la comunità . "
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"Proprietary software developers have the advantages money provides; free "
"software developers need to make advantages for each other. I hope some day "
@@ -1385,24 +1604,11 @@
"per costruire nuovi programmi liberi, e costituirebbe un sostanziale "
"vantaggio per la scrittura di ulteriori programmi liberi. "
-#. type: Content of: <p>
-msgid ""
-"(1) This license is now called the GNU Lesser General Public License, to "
-"avoid giving the idea that all libraries ought to use it. See <a href=\"/"
-"philosophy/why-not-lgpl.html\">Why you shouldn't use the Lesser GPL for your "
-"next library</a> for more information."
-msgstr ""
-"(1) La licenza LGPL è ora denominata \"GNU Lesser General Public License\", "
-"GPL attenuata, per non suggerire che si tratti della forma di licenza "
-"preferenziale per le librerie. Vedere <a href=\"/philosophy/why-not-lgpl.html"
-"\">Perché non dovreste usare la LGPL per la vostra prossima libreria</a> per
"
-"ulteriori informazioni."
-
-#. type: Content of: <h3>
+#. type: Content of: <div><h3>
msgid "Scratching an itch?"
msgstr "Togliersi il prurito?"
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"Eric Raymond says that “Every good work of software starts by "
"scratching a developer's personal itch.” Maybe that happens sometimes, "
@@ -1417,7 +1623,7 @@
"Derivano quindi da una idea e da un progetto, non da una necessità "
"contingente. "
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"For example, we developed the GNU C library because a Unix-like system needs "
"a C library, BASH because a Unix-like system needs a shell, and GNU tar "
@@ -1430,7 +1636,7 @@
"un programma tar. Lo stesso vale per i miei programmi: il compilatore GNU, "
"GNU Emacs, GDB, GNU Make. "
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"Some GNU programs were developed to cope with specific threats to our "
"freedom. Thus, we developed gzip to replace the Compress program, which had "
@@ -1454,7 +1660,7 @@
"liberi, perché gli utenti non siano costretti a scegliere tra riservatezza e
"
"libertà . "
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"Of course, the people writing these programs became interested in the work, "
"and many features were added to them by various people for the sake of their "
@@ -1465,11 +1671,11 @@
"loro personali necessità ed i loro interessi. Tuttavia non è questa la "
"ragione dell'esistenza di tali programmi. "
-#. type: Content of: <h3>
+#. type: Content of: <div><h3>
msgid "Unexpected developments"
msgstr "Sviluppi inattesi"
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"At the beginning of the GNU Project, I imagined that we would develop the "
"whole GNU system, then release it as a whole. That is not how it happened."
@@ -1478,7 +1684,7 @@
"GNU e poi lo avremmo reso disponibile tutto insieme, ma le cose non andarono "
"così. "
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"Since each component of the GNU system was implemented on a Unix system, "
"each component could run on Unix systems long before a complete GNU system "
@@ -1493,7 +1699,7 @@
"sulle varie versioni di Unix, incompatibili tra loro, e talvolta anche su "
"altri sistemi. "
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"The process made these programs much more powerful, and attracted both funds "
"and contributors to the GNU Project. But it probably also delayed "
@@ -1509,11 +1715,11 @@
"programmi con altri sistemi e ad aggiungere nuove funzionalità ai componenti
"
"esistenti, piuttosto che a proseguire nella scrittura di nuovi componenti. "
-#. type: Content of: <h3>
+#. type: Content of: <div><h3>
msgid "The GNU Hurd"
msgstr "GNU-Hurd"
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"By 1990, the GNU system was almost complete; the only major missing "
"component was the kernel. We had decided to implement our kernel as a "
@@ -1533,7 +1739,7 @@
"kernel Unix. L'inizio dello sviluppo fu ritardato nell'attesa che Mach fosse "
"reso disponibile come software libero, come era stato promesso. "
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"One reason for choosing this design was to avoid what seemed to be the "
"hardest part of the job: debugging a kernel program without a source-level "
@@ -1552,11 +1758,11 @@
"estremamente complesso. I lavori per rendere Hurd robusto sono così in "
"corso da molti anni."
-#. type: Content of: <h3>
+#. type: Content of: <div><h3>
msgid "Alix"
msgstr "Alix"
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"The GNU kernel was not originally supposed to be called the Hurd. Its "
"original name was Alix—named after the woman who was my sweetheart at "
@@ -1573,7 +1779,7 @@
"chiamare un kernel come me\". Io non dissi nulla ma decisi di farle una "
"sorpresa scrivendo un kernel chiamato Alix. "
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"It did not stay that way. Michael (now Thomas) Bushnell, the main developer "
"of the kernel, preferred the name Hurd, and redefined Alix to refer to a "
@@ -1585,7 +1791,7 @@
"che serviva a intercettare le chiamate di sistema e a gestirle inviando "
"messaggi ai server che compongono Hurd. "
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"Later, Alix and I broke up, and she changed her name; independently, the "
"Hurd design was changed so that the C library would send messages directly "
@@ -1596,7 +1802,7 @@
"messaggi direttamente ai server, e così il componente Alix scomparve dal "
"progetto."
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"But before these things happened, a friend of hers came across the name Alix "
"in the Hurd source code, and mentioned it to her. So she did have the "
@@ -1606,11 +1812,11 @@
"del suo nome nel codice sorgente di Hurd e glielo disse. Così Alix ebbe "
"davvero l'opportunità di trovare un kernel col suo nome."
-#. type: Content of: <h3>
+#. type: Content of: <div><h3>
msgid "Linux and GNU/Linux"
msgstr "Linux e GNU/Linux"
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"The GNU Hurd is not suitable for production use, and we don't know if it "
"ever will be. The capability-based design has problems that result directly "
@@ -1622,7 +1828,7 @@
"direttamente dalla flessibilità dell'approccio stesso, e non è chiaro se si
"
"possano trovare soluzioni."
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"Fortunately, another kernel is available. In 1991, Linus Torvalds developed "
"a Unix-compatible kernel and called it Linux. It was proprietary at first, "
@@ -1638,12 +1844,26 @@
"libero completo (naturalmente combinarli fu un notevole lavoro di per sè). "
"Ã grazie a Linux che oggi possiamo utilizzare una versione del sistema GNU. "
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
+# | We call this system version <a href=\"/gnu/linux-and-gnu.html\">
+# | GNU/Linux</a>, to express its composition as a combination of the GNU
+# | system with Linux as the kernel. Please don't fall into the practice of
+# | calling the whole system [-“Linux”,-] {+“Linux,”+}
+# | since that means attributing our work to someone else. Please <a
+# | href=\"/gnu/gnu-linux-faq.html\"> give us equal mention</a>.
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "We call this system version <a href=\"/gnu/linux-and-gnu.html\"> GNU/"
+#| "Linux</a>, to express its composition as a combination of the GNU system "
+#| "with Linux as the kernel. Please don't fall into the practice of calling "
+#| "the whole system “Linux”, since that means attributing our "
+#| "work to someone else. Please <a href=\"/gnu/gnu-linux-faq.html\"> give "
+#| "us equal mention</a>."
msgid ""
"We call this system version <a href=\"/gnu/linux-and-gnu.html\"> GNU/Linux</"
"a>, to express its composition as a combination of the GNU system with Linux "
"as the kernel. Please don't fall into the practice of calling the whole "
-"system “Linux”, since that means attributing our work to someone "
+"system “Linux,” since that means attributing our work to someone "
"else. Please <a href=\"/gnu/gnu-linux-faq.html\"> give us equal mention</a>."
msgstr ""
"Chiamiamo questa versione del sistema <a href=\"/gnu/linux-and-gnu.html\"> "
@@ -1653,11 +1873,11 @@
"lavoro ad altri: <a href=\"/gnu/gnu-linux-faq.html\"> dateci la medesima "
"rilevanza</a>."
-#. type: Content of: <h3>
+#. type: Content of: <div><h3>
msgid "Challenges in our future"
msgstr "Le sfide che ci aspettano"
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"We have proved our ability to develop a broad spectrum of free software. "
"This does not mean we are invincible and unstoppable. Several challenges "
@@ -1674,15 +1894,15 @@
"danno valore alla propria libertà e non permettono a nessuno di "
"sottrargliela. "
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid "The following four sections discuss these challenges."
msgstr "Le quattro sezioni seguenti parlano di queste sfide. "
-#. type: Content of: <h3>
+#. type: Content of: <div><h3>
msgid "Secret hardware"
msgstr "Hardware segreto"
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"Hardware manufacturers increasingly tend to keep hardware specifications "
"secret. This makes it difficult to write free drivers so that Linux and "
@@ -1696,7 +1916,7 @@
"non averli domani se non saremo in grado di supportare i calcolatori di "
"domani. "
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"There are two ways to cope with this problem. Programmers can do reverse "
"engineering to figure out how to support the hardware. The rest of us can "
@@ -1709,14 +1929,29 @@
"liberi: man mano che il nostro numero aumenta, la segretezza delle "
"specifiche diventerà una pratica controproducente. "
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
+# | Reverse engineering is a big job; will we have programmers with sufficient
+# | determination to undertake it? Yes—if we have built up a strong
+# | feeling that free software is a matter of principle, and nonfree drivers
+# | are intolerable. And will large numbers of us spend extra money, or even
+# | a little extra time, so we can use free drivers? Yes, if the determination
+# | to have freedom is [-widespread.-] {+widespread. <a
+# | href=\"#ft8\">[8]</a>+}
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "Reverse engineering is a big job; will we have programmers with "
+#| "sufficient determination to undertake it? Yes—if we have built up a "
+#| "strong feeling that free software is a matter of principle, and nonfree "
+#| "drivers are intolerable. And will large numbers of us spend extra money, "
+#| "or even a little extra time, so we can use free drivers? Yes, if the "
+#| "determination to have freedom is widespread."
msgid ""
"Reverse engineering is a big job; will we have programmers with sufficient "
"determination to undertake it? Yes—if we have built up a strong "
"feeling that free software is a matter of principle, and nonfree drivers are "
"intolerable. And will large numbers of us spend extra money, or even a "
"little extra time, so we can use free drivers? Yes, if the determination to "
-"have freedom is widespread."
+"have freedom is widespread. <a href=\"#ft8\">[8]</a>"
msgstr ""
"Il reverse engineering è difficile: avremo programmatori sufficientemente "
"determinati da dedicarvisi? Sì, se avremo costruito una forte consapevolezza
"
@@ -1726,24 +1961,11 @@
"liberi? Sì, se il desiderio di libertà e la determinazione ad ottenerla "
"saranno diffusi. "
-#. type: Content of: <p>
-msgid ""
-"(2008 note: this issue extends to the BIOS as well. There is a free BIOS, "
-"<a href=\"http://www.libreboot.org/\";>LibreBoot</a> (a distribution of "
-"coreboot); the problem is getting specs for machines so that LibreBoot can "
-"support them without nonfree “blobs”.)"
-msgstr ""
-"(nota del 2008: questo problema di estende anche al BIOS. Esiste un BIOS "
-"libero, <a href=\"http://www.libreboot.org/\";>LibreBoot</a> (una "
-"distribuzione di coreboot); il problema è trovare le specifiche "
-"dell'hardware in modo che LibreBoot possa supportarlo senza ricorrere a "
-"\"blob\" non liberi)."
-
-#. type: Content of: <h3>
+#. type: Content of: <div><h3>
msgid "Nonfree libraries"
msgstr "Librerie non libere"
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"A nonfree library that runs on free operating systems acts as a trap for "
"free software developers. The library's attractive features are the bait; "
@@ -1762,7 +1984,7 @@
"programma che usa la libreria proprietaria diventa diffuso, può attirare "
"altri ignari programmatori nella trappola. "
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"The first instance of this problem was the Motif toolkit, back in the 80s. "
"Although there were as yet no free operating systems, it was clear what "
@@ -1783,7 +2005,7 @@
"Programmers\", divenne abbastanza potente da supportare la maggior parte "
"delle applicazioni Motif. "
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"Between 1996 and 1998, another nonfree <abbr title=\"Graphical User Interface"
"\">GUI</abbr> toolkit library, called Qt, was used in a substantial "
@@ -1794,7 +2016,7 @@
"chiamata Qt, veniva usata in una significativa raccolta di software libero: "
"l'ambiente grafico <abbr title=\"K Desktop Environment\">KDE</abbr>."
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"Free GNU/Linux systems were unable to use KDE, because we could not use the "
"library. However, some commercial distributors of GNU/Linux systems who "
@@ -1813,7 +2035,7 @@
"sospettavano minimamente che questo potesse costituire un problema. La "
"situazione si faceva pericolosa. "
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"The free software community responded to the problem in two ways: GNOME and "
"Harmony."
@@ -1821,7 +2043,7 @@
"La comunità del software libero affrontò il problema in due modi: GNOME e "
"Harmony. "
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"GNOME, the GNU Network Object Model Environment, is GNU's desktop project. "
"Started in 1997 by Miguel de Icaza, and developed with the support of Red "
@@ -1839,7 +2061,7 @@
"il C++. Ma il suo scopo principale era la libertà : non richiedere l'uso di "
"alcun programma che non fosse libero. "
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"Harmony is a compatible replacement library, designed to make it possible to "
"run KDE software without using Qt."
@@ -1847,13 +2069,28 @@
"Harmony è una libreria compatibile con Qt, progettata per rendere possibile "
"l'uso del software KDE senza dover usare Qt. "
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
+# | In November 1998, the developers of Qt announced a change of license
+# | which, when carried out, should make Qt free software. There is no way to
+# | be sure, but I think that this was partly due to the community's firm
+# | response to the problem that Qt posed when it was nonfree. (The new
+# | license is inconvenient and inequitable, so it remains desirable to avoid
+# | using [-Qt.)-] {+Qt. <a href=\"#ft9\">[9]</a>)+}
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "In November 1998, the developers of Qt announced a change of license "
+#| "which, when carried out, should make Qt free software. There is no way "
+#| "to be sure, but I think that this was partly due to the community's firm "
+#| "response to the problem that Qt posed when it was nonfree. (The new "
+#| "license is inconvenient and inequitable, so it remains desirable to avoid "
+#| "using Qt.)"
msgid ""
"In November 1998, the developers of Qt announced a change of license which, "
"when carried out, should make Qt free software. There is no way to be sure, "
"but I think that this was partly due to the community's firm response to the "
"problem that Qt posed when it was nonfree. (The new license is inconvenient "
-"and inequitable, so it remains desirable to avoid using Qt.)"
+"and inequitable, so it remains desirable to avoid using Qt. <a href="
+"\"#ft9\">[9]</a>)"
msgstr ""
"Nel novembre 1998 gli autori di Qt annunciarono un cambiamento di licenza "
"che, una volta operativo, avrebbe reso Qt software libero. Non c'è modo di "
@@ -1862,15 +2099,7 @@
"licenza è scomoda ed iniqua, per cui rimane comunque preferibile evitare "
"l'uso di Qt). "
-#. type: Content of: <p>
-msgid ""
-"[Subsequent note: in September 2000, Qt was rereleased under the GNU GPL, "
-"which essentially solved this problem.]"
-msgstr ""
-"[Nota successiva: nel mese di settembre 2000, Qt fu rilasciata sotto licenza "
-"GNU GPL, il che di fatto risolse il problema]."
-
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"How will we respond to the next tempting nonfree library? Will the whole "
"community understand the need to stay out of the trap? Or will many of us "
@@ -1882,21 +2111,42 @@
"molti di noi preferiranno la convenienza alla libertà , creando così ancora "
"un grave problema? Il nostro futuro dipende dalla nostra filosofia. "
-#. type: Content of: <h3>
+#. type: Content of: <div><h3>
msgid "Software patents"
msgstr "Brevetti sul software"
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
+# | The worst threat we face comes from software patents, which can put
+# | algorithms and features off limits to free software for up to twenty
+# | years. The LZW compression algorithm patents were applied for in 1983,
+# | and we still cannot release free software to produce proper compressed
+# | <abbr title=\"Graphics Interchange [-Format\">GIF</abbr>s. [As of 2009
+# | they have expired.]-] {+Format\">GIF</abbr>s. <a
+# | href=\"#ft10\">[10]</a>+} In 1998, a free program to produce <abbr
+# | title=\"MPEG-1 Audio Layer 3\">MP3</abbr> compressed audio was removed
+# | from distribution under threat of a patent [-suit. [As of 2017, these
+# | patents have expired. Look how long we had to wait.]-] {+suit. <a
+# | href=\"#ft11\">[11]</a>+}
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "The worst threat we face comes from software patents, which can put "
+#| "algorithms and features off limits to free software for up to twenty "
+#| "years. The LZW compression algorithm patents were applied for in 1983, "
+#| "and we still cannot release free software to produce proper compressed "
+#| "<abbr title=\"Graphics Interchange Format\">GIF</abbr>s. [As of 2009 "
+#| "they have expired.] In 1998, a free program to produce <abbr title="
+#| "\"MPEG-1 Audio Layer 3\">MP3</abbr> compressed audio was removed from "
+#| "distribution under threat of a patent suit. [As of 2017, these patents "
+#| "have expired. Look how long we had to wait.]"
msgid ""
"The worst threat we face comes from software patents, which can put "
"algorithms and features off limits to free software for up to twenty years. "
"The LZW compression algorithm patents were applied for in 1983, and we still "
"cannot release free software to produce proper compressed <abbr title="
-"\"Graphics Interchange Format\">GIF</abbr>s. [As of 2009 they have "
-"expired.] In 1998, a free program to produce <abbr title=\"MPEG-1 Audio "
-"Layer 3\">MP3</abbr> compressed audio was removed from distribution under "
-"threat of a patent suit. [As of 2017, these patents have expired. Look how "
-"long we had to wait.]"
+"\"Graphics Interchange Format\">GIF</abbr>s. <a href=\"#ft10\">[10]</"
+"a> In 1998, a free program to produce <abbr title=\"MPEG-1 Audio Layer "
+"3\">MP3</abbr> compressed audio was removed from distribution under threat "
+"of a patent suit. <a href=\"#ft11\">[11]</a>"
msgstr ""
"Il maggior pericolo a cui ci troviamo di fronte è quello dei brevetti sul "
"software, che possono rendere inaccessibili al software libero algoritmi e "
@@ -1910,7 +2160,7 @@
"brevetto. [Questi brevetti sono scaduti nel 2017, dopo un'attesa davvero "
"lunga]."
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"There are ways to cope with patents: we can search for evidence that a "
"patent is invalid, and we can look for alternative ways to do a job. But "
@@ -1926,7 +2176,7 @@
"gli utenti desiderano. Dopo una lunga attesa, i brevetti scadono, ma nel "
"frattempo cosa dobbiamo fare?"
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"Those of us who value free software for freedom's sake will stay with free "
"software anyway. We will manage to get work done without the patented "
@@ -1947,11 +2197,11 @@
"e della potenza di un dato programma libero, non ci dobbiamo fermare qui; "
"dobbiamo parlare di libertà e di principi. "
-#. type: Content of: <h3>
+#. type: Content of: <div><h3>
msgid "Free documentation"
msgstr "Documentazione libera"
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"The biggest deficiency in our free operating systems is not in the "
"software—it is the lack of good free manuals that we can include in "
@@ -1966,7 +2216,7 @@
"accompagnato da un buon manuale libero si tratta di una grossa lacuna. E di "
"queste lacune attualmente ne abbiamo molte. "
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"Free documentation, like free software, is a matter of freedom, not price. "
"The criterion for a free manual is pretty much the same as for free "
@@ -1982,7 +2232,7 @@
"elettronico che cartaceo, in modo che il manuale possa accompagnare ogni "
"copia del programma. "
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"Permission for modification is crucial too. As a general rule, I don't "
"believe that it is essential for people to have permission to modify all "
@@ -1996,7 +2246,7 @@
"dovere di autorizzare la modifica di articoli come questo, articoli che "
"descrivono le nostre azioni e il nostro punto di vista. "
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"But there is a particular reason why the freedom to modify is crucial for "
"documentation for free software. When people exercise their right to modify "
@@ -2015,7 +2265,7 @@
"essere coscienziosi e completare il loro lavoro, non soddisfa i bisogni "
"della nostra comunità . "
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"Some kinds of limits on how modifications are done pose no problem. For "
"example, requirements to preserve the original author's copyright notice, "
@@ -2039,7 +2289,7 @@
"rispecchi il programma modificato. In altre parole, non impediscono alla "
"comunità del software libero di beneficiare appieno dal manuale. "
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"However, it must be possible to modify all the <em>technical</em> content of "
"the manual, and then distribute the result in all the usual media, through "
@@ -2052,7 +2302,7 @@
"diversamente, le restrizioni creerebbero un ostacolo per la comunità , il "
"manuale non sarebbe libero e avremmo bisogno di un altro manuale. "
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"Will free software developers have the awareness and determination to "
"produce a full spectrum of free manuals? Once again, our future depends on "
@@ -2062,14 +2312,24 @@
"determinazione necessarie a produrre un'intera gamma di manuali liberi? "
"Ancora una volta, il nostro futuro dipende dalla nostra filosofia. "
-#. type: Content of: <h3>
+#. type: Content of: <div><h3>
msgid "We must talk about freedom"
msgstr "Dobbiamo parlare di libertà "
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
+# | Estimates today are that there are ten million users of GNU/Linux systems
+# | such as Debian GNU/Linux and Red Hat [-“Linux”.-]
+# | {+“Linux.”+} Free software has developed such practical
+# | advantages that users are flocking to it for purely practical reasons.
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "Estimates today are that there are ten million users of GNU/Linux systems "
+#| "such as Debian GNU/Linux and Red Hat “Linux”. Free software "
+#| "has developed such practical advantages that users are flocking to it for "
+#| "purely practical reasons."
msgid ""
"Estimates today are that there are ten million users of GNU/Linux systems "
-"such as Debian GNU/Linux and Red Hat “Linux”. Free software has "
+"such as Debian GNU/Linux and Red Hat “Linux.” Free software has "
"developed such practical advantages that users are flocking to it for purely "
"practical reasons."
msgstr ""
@@ -2078,7 +2338,7 @@
"creato tali vantaggi pratici che gli utenti stanno approdando ad esso per "
"pure ragioni pratiche. "
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"The good consequences of this are evident: more interest in developing free "
"software, more customers for free software businesses, and more ability to "
@@ -2090,7 +2350,7 @@
"una migliore capacità di incoraggiare le aziende a sviluppare software "
"commerciale libero invece che prodotti software proprietari. "
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"But interest in the software is growing faster than awareness of the "
"philosophy it is based on, and this leads to trouble. Our ability to meet "
@@ -2106,7 +2366,7 @@
"determinazione, dobbiamo diffondere l'idea presso i nuovi utenti man mano "
"che entrano a far parte della comunità . "
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"But we are failing to do so: the efforts to attract new users into our "
"community are far outstripping the efforts to teach them the civics of our "
@@ -2118,11 +2378,11 @@
"della comunità stessa. Dobbiamo fare entrambe le cose, e dobbiamo mantenere
"
"un equilibrio fra i due impegni. "
-#. type: Content of: <h3>
+#. type: Content of: <div><h3>
msgid "“Open Source”"
msgstr "\"Open Source\""
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"Teaching new users about freedom became more difficult in 1998, when a part "
"of the community decided to stop using the term “free software” "
@@ -2132,7 +2392,7 @@
"quando una parte della comunità decise di smettere di usare il termine "
"\"free software\" e usare al suo posto \"open source\". "
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"Some who favored this term aimed to avoid the confusion of “"
"free” with “gratis”—a valid goal. Others, however, "
@@ -2153,7 +2413,7 @@
"si focalizza sul possibilità di creare software di buona qualità e potente "
"ma evita deliberatamente le idee di libertà , comunità , principio. "
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"The “Linux” magazines are a clear example of this—they are "
"filled with advertisements for proprietary software that works with GNU/"
@@ -2165,7 +2425,7 @@
"quando ci sarà il prossimo Motif o Qt, queste riviste avvertiranno i "
"programmatori di starne lontano o accetteranno la sua pubblicità ? "
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"The support of business can contribute to the community in many ways; all "
"else being equal, it is useful. But winning their support by speaking even "
@@ -2178,12 +2438,24 @@
"ancora peggiore lo sbilanciamento descritto tra diffusione ed educazione "
"civica. "
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
+# | “Free software” and “open source” describe the
+# | same category of software, more or less, but say different things about
+# | the software, and about values. The GNU Project continues to use the term
+# | “free [-software”,-] {+software,”+} to express the idea
+# | that freedom, not just technology, is important.
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "“Free software” and “open source” describe the "
+#| "same category of software, more or less, but say different things about "
+#| "the software, and about values. The GNU Project continues to use the "
+#| "term “free software”, to express the idea that freedom, not "
+#| "just technology, is important."
msgid ""
"“Free software” and “open source” describe the same "
"category of software, more or less, but say different things about the "
"software, and about values. The GNU Project continues to use the term "
-"“free software”, to express the idea that freedom, not just "
+"“free software,” to express the idea that freedom, not just "
"technology, is important."
msgstr ""
"\"Software libero\" (free software) e \"sorgente aperto\" (open source) "
@@ -2192,11 +2464,11 @@
"termine \"software libero\" per esprimere l'idea che la libertà sia "
"importante, non solo la tecnologia. "
-#. type: Content of: <h3>
+#. type: Content of: <div><h3>
msgid "Try!"
msgstr "Prova!"
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"Yoda's aphorism (“There is no ‘try’”) sounds neat, "
"but it doesn't work for me. I have done most of my work while anxious about "
@@ -2212,7 +2484,7 @@
"provato in ogni caso perché nessuno tranne me si poneva tra il nemico e la "
"mia città . Sorprendendo me stesso, qualche volta sono riuscito. "
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"Sometimes I failed; some of my cities have fallen. Then I found another "
"threatened city, and got ready for another battle. Over time, I've learned "
@@ -2225,7 +2497,7 @@
"tra loro e la mia città , facendo appello ad altri hacker perché venissero e
"
"si unissero a me. "
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"Nowadays, often I'm not the only one. It is a relief and a joy when I see a "
"regiment of hackers digging in to hold the line, and I realize, this city "
@@ -2242,6 +2514,237 @@
"della libertà ; non diamolo per scontato! Se volete mantenere la vostra "
"libertà dovete essere pronti a difenderla. "
+# type: Content of: <h4>
+#. type: Content of: <div><h3>
+msgid "Footnotes"
+msgstr "Note"
+
+#. type: Content of: <div><ol><li>
+# | [-(1)-]The use of “hacker” to mean “security
+# | breaker” is a confusion on the part of the mass media. We hackers
+# | refuse to recognize that meaning, and continue using the word to mean
+# | someone who loves to program, someone who enjoys playful cleverness, or
+# | the combination of the two. See my article, [-<a
+# | href=\"http://stallman.org/articles/on-hacking.html\";>On Hacking</a>.-]
+# | {+“<a href=\"https://stallman.org/articles/on-hacking.html\";>On
+# | Hacking</a>.”+}
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "(1) The use of “hacker” to mean “security "
+#| "breaker” is a confusion on the part of the mass media. We hackers "
+#| "refuse to recognize that meaning, and continue using the word to mean "
+#| "someone who loves to program, someone who enjoys playful cleverness, or "
+#| "the combination of the two. See my article, <a href=\"http://stallman.";
+#| "org/articles/on-hacking.html\">On Hacking</a>."
+msgid ""
+"The use of “hacker” to mean “security breaker” is a "
+"confusion on the part of the mass media. We hackers refuse to recognize "
+"that meaning, and continue using the word to mean someone who loves to "
+"program, someone who enjoys playful cleverness, or the combination of the "
+"two. See my article, “<a href=\"https://stallman.org/articles/on-";
+"hacking.html\">On Hacking</a>.”"
+msgstr ""
+"(1) L'uso del termine \"hacker\" nel senso di \"pirata\" è una confusione di
"
+"temini creata dai mezzi di informazione. Noi hacker ci rifiutiamo di "
+"riconoscere questo significato, e continuiamo ad utilizzare la parola nel "
+"senso di \"uno che ami programmare, e a cui piaccia essere bravo a farlo\". "
+"Leggete il mio articolo <a href=\"http://stallman.org/articles/on-hacking.";
+"html\">A proposito dell'Hacking</a>."
+
+#. type: Content of: <div><ol><li>
+# | [-(1)-]As an Atheist, I don't follow any religious leaders, but I
+# | sometimes find I admire something one of them has said.
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "(1) As an Atheist, I don't follow any religious leaders, but I sometimes "
+#| "find I admire something one of them has said."
+msgid ""
+"As an Atheist, I don't follow any religious leaders, but I sometimes find I "
+"admire something one of them has said."
+msgstr ""
+"(1) Essendo ateo, non seguo alcuna guida religiosa, ma a volte mi trovo ad "
+"ammirare qualcosa che qualcuno di loro ha detto."
+
+#. type: Content of: <div><ol><li>
+# | [-(1)-]In 1984 or 1985, Don Hopkins (a very imaginative fellow) mailed me
+# | a letter. [-On-] {+<a href=\"/graphics/copyleft-sticker.html\">On+} the
+# | [-envelope-] {+envelope</a>+} he had written several amusing sayings,
+# | including this one: “Copyleft—all rights reversed.” I
+# | used the word “copyleft” to name the distribution concept I
+# | was developing at the time.
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "(1) In 1984 or 1985, Don Hopkins (a very imaginative fellow) mailed me a "
+#| "letter. On the envelope he had written several amusing sayings, "
+#| "including this one: “Copyleft—all rights reversed.” I "
+#| "used the word “copyleft” to name the distribution concept I "
+#| "was developing at the time."
+msgid ""
+"In 1984 or 1985, Don Hopkins (a very imaginative fellow) mailed me a "
+"letter. <a href=\"/graphics/copyleft-sticker.html\">On the envelope</a> he "
+"had written several amusing sayings, including this one: “"
+"Copyleft—all rights reversed.” I used the word “"
+"copyleft” to name the distribution concept I was developing at the "
+"time."
+msgstr ""
+"(1) Nel 1984 o 1985, Don Hopkins, persona molto creativa, mi mandò una "
+"lettera. Sulla busta aveva scritto diverse frasi argute, fra cui questa: "
+"\"Copyleft--tutti i diritti rovesciati\". Utilizzai l'espressione \"copyleft"
+"\" per battezzare il concetto di distribuzione che allora andavo elaborando. "
+
+#. type: Content of: <div><ol><li>
+# | [-(2)-]We now use the <a href=\"/licenses/fdl.html\">GNU Free
+# | Documentation License</a> for documentation.
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "(2) We now use the <a href=\"/licenses/fdl.html\">GNU Free Documentation "
+#| "License</a> for documentation."
+msgid ""
+"We now use the <a href=\"/licenses/fdl.html\">GNU Free Documentation "
+"License</a> for documentation."
+msgstr ""
+"(2) Ora utilizziamo la <a href=\"/licenses/fdl.html\">GNU Free Documentation "
+"License</a> per la documentazione."
+
+#. type: Content of: <div><ol><li>
+# | [-(1)-]“Bourne Again Shell” is a play on the name
+# | “Bourne [-Shell”,-] {+Shell,”+} which was the usual
+# | shell on Unix.
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "(1) “Bourne Again Shell” is a play on the name “Bourne "
+#| "Shell”, which was the usual shell on Unix."
+msgid ""
+"“Bourne Again Shell” is a play on the name “Bourne Shell,"
+"” which was the usual shell on Unix."
+msgstr ""
+"(1) \"Bourne Again Shell\" è un gioco di parole sul nome \"Bourne Shell\", "
+"che era la normale shell di Unix [NdT: \"Bourne again\" richiama "
+"l'espressione cristiana \"born again\", \"rinato\" (in Cristo)]. "
+
+#. type: Content of: <div><ol><li>
+# | [-(1)-]That was written in 1998. In 2009 we no longer maintain a long
+# | task list. The community develops free software so fast that we can't
+# | even keep track of it all. Instead, we have a list of High Priority
+# | Projects, a much shorter list of projects we really want to encourage
+# | people to write.
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "(1) That was written in 1998. In 2009 we no longer maintain a long task "
+#| "list. The community develops free software so fast that we can't even "
+#| "keep track of it all. Instead, we have a list of High Priority Projects, "
+#| "a much shorter list of projects we really want to encourage people to "
+#| "write."
+msgid ""
+"That was written in 1998. In 2009 we no longer maintain a long task list. "
+"The community develops free software so fast that we can't even keep track "
+"of it all. Instead, we have a list of High Priority Projects, a much "
+"shorter list of projects we really want to encourage people to write."
+msgstr ""
+"(1) Questa considerazione è del 1998. A partire dal 2009 non abbiamo più
un "
+"lungo elenco di compiti. La comunità sviluppa software libero così "
+"velocemente che non riusciamo nemmeno a tenere traccia di tutto. Quindi ora "
+"abbiamo un elenco di progetti ad alta priorità , una breve lista di progetti "
+"su cui riteniamo davvero importante che qualcuno si impegni."
+
+#. type: Content of: <div><ol><li>
+# | [-(1)-]This license is now called the GNU Lesser General Public License,
+# | to avoid giving the idea that all libraries ought to use it. See <a
+# | href=\"/philosophy/why-not-lgpl.html\">Why you shouldn't use the Lesser
+# | GPL for your next library</a> for more information.
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "(1) This license is now called the GNU Lesser General Public License, to "
+#| "avoid giving the idea that all libraries ought to use it. See <a href=\"/"
+#| "philosophy/why-not-lgpl.html\">Why you shouldn't use the Lesser GPL for "
+#| "your next library</a> for more information."
+msgid ""
+"This license is now called the GNU Lesser General Public License, to avoid "
+"giving the idea that all libraries ought to use it. See <a href=\"/"
+"philosophy/why-not-lgpl.html\">Why you shouldn't use the Lesser GPL for your "
+"next library</a> for more information."
+msgstr ""
+"(1) La licenza LGPL è ora denominata \"GNU Lesser General Public License\", "
+"GPL attenuata, per non suggerire che si tratti della forma di licenza "
+"preferenziale per le librerie. Vedere <a href=\"/philosophy/why-not-lgpl.html"
+"\">Perché non dovreste usare la LGPL per la vostra prossima libreria</a> per
"
+"ulteriori informazioni."
+
+#. type: Content of: <div><ol><li>
+# | [-(-]2008 note: this issue extends to the BIOS as well. There is a free
+# | BIOS, <a [-href=\"http://www.libreboot.org/\";>LibreBoot</a>-]
+# | {+href=\"https://libreboot.org/\";>LibreBoot</a>+} (a distribution of
+# | coreboot); the problem is getting specs for machines so that LibreBoot can
+# | support them without nonfree [-“blobs”.)-]
+# | {+“blobs.”+}
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "(2008 note: this issue extends to the BIOS as well. There is a free "
+#| "BIOS, <a href=\"http://www.libreboot.org/\";>LibreBoot</a> (a distribution "
+#| "of coreboot); the problem is getting specs for machines so that LibreBoot "
+#| "can support them without nonfree “blobs”.)"
+msgid ""
+"2008 note: this issue extends to the BIOS as well. There is a free BIOS, <a "
+"href=\"https://libreboot.org/\";>LibreBoot</a> (a distribution of coreboot); "
+"the problem is getting specs for machines so that LibreBoot can support them "
+"without nonfree “blobs.”"
+msgstr ""
+"(nota del 2008: questo problema di estende anche al BIOS. Esiste un BIOS "
+"libero, <a href=\"http://www.libreboot.org/\";>LibreBoot</a> (una "
+"distribuzione di coreboot); il problema è trovare le specifiche "
+"dell'hardware in modo che LibreBoot possa supportarlo senza ricorrere a "
+"\"blob\" non liberi)."
+
+#. type: Content of: <div><ol><li>
+# | [-[Subsequent note: in-]{+In+} September 2000, Qt was rereleased under the
+# | GNU GPL, which essentially solved this problem.[-]-]
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "[Subsequent note: in September 2000, Qt was rereleased under the GNU GPL, "
+#| "which essentially solved this problem.]"
+msgid ""
+"In September 2000, Qt was rereleased under the GNU GPL, which essentially "
+"solved this problem."
+msgstr ""
+"[Nota successiva: nel mese di settembre 2000, Qt fu rilasciata sotto licenza "
+"GNU GPL, il che di fatto risolse il problema]."
+
+#. type: Content of: <div><ol><li>
+msgid "As of 2009, the GIF patents have expired."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <div><ol><li>
+msgid ""
+"As of 2017, the MP3 patents have expired. Look how long we had to wait."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <div><div><p>
+# | Originally published in the book [-<em>Open Sources</em>.-] {+<cite>Open
+# | Sources</cite>.+} Richard Stallman was <a
+# | href=\"/philosophy/open-source-misses-the-point.html\"> never a supporter
+# | of “open source”</a>, but contributed this article so that the
+# | ideas of the free software movement would not be entirely absent from that
+# | book.
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "Originally published in the book <em>Open Sources</em>. Richard Stallman "
+#| "was <a href=\"/philosophy/open-source-misses-the-point.html\"> never a "
+#| "supporter of “open source”</a>, but contributed this article "
+#| "so that the ideas of the free software movement would not be entirely "
+#| "absent from that book."
+msgid ""
+"Originally published in the book <cite>Open Sources</cite>. Richard "
+"Stallman was <a href=\"/philosophy/open-source-misses-the-point.html\"> "
+"never a supporter of “open source”</a>, but contributed this "
+"article so that the ideas of the free software movement would not be "
+"entirely absent from that book."
+msgstr ""
+"Pubblicato originariamente nel libro <em>Open Sources</em>. Richard "
+"Stallman <a href=\"/philosophy/open-source-misses-the-point.html\"> non ha "
+"mai sostenuto il movimento “open source”</a>, ma ha fatto "
+"inserire questo articolo per evitare che il punto di vista del software "
+"libero fosse del tutto assente dal libro."
+
#. TRANSLATORS: Use space (SPC) as msgstr if you don't have notes.
#. type: Content of: <div>
msgid "*GNUN-SLOT: TRANSLATOR'S NOTES*"
@@ -2268,14 +2771,14 @@
#. Please send your comments and general suggestions in this regard
#. to <a href="mailto:web-translators@gnu.org";>
#. <web-translators@gnu.org></a>.</p>
-#. <p>For information on coordinating and submitting translations of
+#. <p>For information on coordinating and contributing translations of
#. our web pages, see <a
#. href="/server/standards/README.translations.html">Translations
#. README</a>.
#. type: Content of: <div><div><p>
msgid ""
"Please see the <a href=\"/server/standards/README.translations.html"
-"\">Translations README</a> for information on coordinating and submitting "
+"\">Translations README</a> for information on coordinating and contributing "
"translations of this article."
msgstr ""
"Le traduzioni italiane sono effettuate ponendo la massima attenzione ai "
@@ -2289,9 +2792,15 @@
"traduzioni</a>."
#. type: Content of: <div><p>
+# | Copyright © 1998, [-2001, 2002,-] 2005, [-2006, 2007,-] 2008, 2010,
+# | 201[-4-]{+2+}, 2015, 2017, 2018, 202[-0-]{+1+} Richard Stallman
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "Copyright © 1998, 2001, 2002, 2005, 2006, 2007, 2008, 2010, 2014, "
+#| "2015, 2017, 2018, 2020 Richard Stallman"
msgid ""
-"Copyright © 1998, 2001, 2002, 2005, 2006, 2007, 2008, 2010, 2014, 2015, "
-"2017, 2018, 2020 Richard Stallman"
+"Copyright © 1998, 2005, 2008, 2010, 2012, 2015, 2017, 2018, 2021 "
+"Richard Stallman"
msgstr ""
"Copyright © 1998, 2001, 2002, 2005, 2006, 2007, 2008, 2010, 2014, 2015, "
"2017, 2018, 2020 Richard Stallman"
@@ -2322,10 +2831,9 @@
msgid "Updated:"
msgstr "Ultimo aggiornamento:"
-#. type: Content of: <div><p>
-msgid ""
-"Copyright © 1998, 2001, 2002, 2005, 2006, 2007, 2008, 2010, 2014, 2015, "
-"2017, 2018, 2020, 2021 Richard Stallman"
-msgstr ""
-"Copyright © 1998, 2001, 2002, 2005, 2006, 2007, 2008, 2010, 2014, 2015, "
-"2017, 2018, 2020, 2021 Richard Stallman"
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "Copyright © 1998, 2001, 2002, 2005, 2006, 2007, 2008, 2010, 2014, "
+#~ "2015, 2017, 2018, 2020, 2021 Richard Stallman"
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "Copyright © 1998, 2001, 2002, 2005, 2006, 2007, 2008, 2010, 2014, "
+#~ "2015, 2017, 2018, 2020, 2021 Richard Stallman"
Index: thegnuproject.ja.po
===================================================================
RCS file: /web/www/www/gnu/po/thegnuproject.ja.po,v
retrieving revision 1.59
retrieving revision 1.60
diff -u -b -r1.59 -r1.60
--- thegnuproject.ja.po 24 Oct 2021 07:25:26 -0000 1.59
+++ thegnuproject.ja.po 24 Oct 2021 07:31:38 -0000 1.60
@@ -8,7 +8,7 @@
msgid ""
msgstr ""
"Project-Id-Version: thegnuproject.html\n"
-"POT-Creation-Date: 2020-07-12 02:25+0000\n"
+"POT-Creation-Date: 2021-10-24 07:25+0000\n"
"PO-Revision-Date: 2019-06-25 16:50+0900\n"
"Last-Translator: NIIBE Yutaka <gniibe@fsij.org>\n"
"Language-Team: Japanese <web-translators-ja@gnu.org>\n"
@@ -16,6 +16,7 @@
"MIME-Version: 1.0\n"
"Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8\n"
"Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit\n"
+"X-Outdated-Since: 2021-10-24 07:25+0000\n"
#. type: Content of: <title>
msgid "About the GNU Project - GNU Project - Free Software Foundation"
@@ -29,45 +30,21 @@
"GNU, GNUããã¸ã§ã¯ã, FSF, èªç±ã½ããã¦ã§ã¢,
ããªã¼ã½ããã¦ã§ã¢ãã¡ã¦ã³ãã¼"
"ã·ã§ã³, æ´å²"
-#. type: Content of: <h2>
+#. type: Content of: <div><h2>
msgid "The GNU Project"
msgstr "GNUããã¸ã§ã¯ã"
-#. type: Content of: <p>
-msgid ""
-"by <a href=\"http://www.stallman.org/\";><strong>Richard Stallman</strong></a>"
-msgstr ""
-"<a
href=\"http://www.stallman.org/\";><strong>ãªãã£ã¼ãã»ã¹ãã¼ã«ãã³</"
-"strong></a>è"
-
-#. type: Content of: <blockquote><p>
-msgid ""
-"Originally published in the book <em>Open Sources</em>. Richard Stallman "
-"was <a href=\"/philosophy/open-source-misses-the-point.html\"> never a "
-"supporter of “open source”</a>, but contributed this article so "
-"that the ideas of the free software movement would not be entirely absent "
-"from that book."
-msgstr ""
-"ãã®ãªãªã¸ãã«ã¯ãæ¸ç±<em>ãªã¼ãã³ã½ã¼ã¹ã½ããã¦ã§ã¢</em>(é¦é¡)ã«æ²è¼ããã¾ã"
-"ãããªãã£ã¼ãã»ã¹ãã¼ã«ãã³ã¯<a
href=\"/philosophy/open-source-misses-the-"
-"point.html\">“ãªã¼ãã³ã½ã¼ã¹”ã®æ¯æè
ã§ã¯æ±ºãã¦ããã¾ãã</a>ãã"
-"èªç±ã½ããã¦ã§ã¢éåã®èãããã®æ¸ç±ããã¾ã£ãããªããªããã¨ããªãããã«ãã"
-"ã®å°è«ãå¯ç¨¿ãã¾ããã"
+#. type: Content of: <div><address>
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid "by <a href=\"https://www.stallman.org/\";>Richard Stallman</a>"
+msgid "by <a href=\"https://www.stallman.org/\";>Richard Stallman</a>"
+msgstr "<a
href=\"https://www.stallman.org/\";>ãªãã£ã¼ãã»ã¹ãã¼ã«ãã³</a>è"
-#. type: Content of: <blockquote><p>
-msgid ""
-"Why it is even more important than ever <a href=\"/philosophy/free-software-"
-"even-more-important.html\">to insist that the software we use be free</a>."
-msgstr ""
-"ãªããããããã¤ã¦ãªãã»ã©ã«éè¦ãªã®ãã<a
href=\"/philosophy/free-software-"
-"even-more-important.html\">ããããã¡ã使ãã½ããã¦ã§ã¢ã¯èªç±ã§ãªããã°ãªããª"
-"ãã¨ä¸»å¼µãã¾ããã</a>ã"
-
-#. type: Content of: <h3>
+#. type: Content of: <div><h3>
msgid "The first software-sharing community"
msgstr "æåã®ã½ããã¦ã§ã¢å
±æã³ãã¥ããã£"
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"When I started working at the <abbr title=\"Massachusetts Institute of "
"Technology\">MIT</abbr> Artificial Intelligence Lab in 1971, I became part "
@@ -84,15 +61,24 @@
"ã¨ã§ãããããããããããã¡ã¯ããããã»ã¨ãã©ã®ã¨ãããããããã£ã¨ãè¡ã£ã"
"ã®ã§ãã"
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "The AI Lab used a timesharing operating system called <abbr title="
+#| "\"Incompatible Timesharing System\">ITS</abbr> (the Incompatible "
+#| "Timesharing System) that the lab's staff hackers (1) had designed and "
+#| "written in assembler language for the Digital <abbr title=\"Programmed "
+#| "Data Processor\">PDP</abbr>-10, one of the large computers of the era. "
+#| "As a member of this community, an AI Lab staff system hacker, my job was "
+#| "to improve this system."
msgid ""
"The AI Lab used a timesharing operating system called <abbr title="
"\"Incompatible Timesharing System\">ITS</abbr> (the Incompatible Timesharing "
-"System) that the lab's staff hackers (1) had designed and written in "
-"assembler language for the Digital <abbr title=\"Programmed Data Processor"
-"\">PDP</abbr>-10, one of the large computers of the era. As a member of "
-"this community, an AI Lab staff system hacker, my job was to improve this "
-"system."
+"System) that the lab's staff hackers <a href=\"#ft1\">[1]</a> had "
+"designed and written in assembler language for the Digital <abbr title="
+"\"Programmed Data Processor\">PDP</abbr>-10, one of the large computers of "
+"the era. As a member of this community, an AI Lab staff system hacker, my "
+"job was to improve this system."
msgstr ""
"AIã©ãã¯<abbr title=\"Incompatible Timesharing System\">ITS</abbr> "
"(Incompatible Timesharing System)ã¨å¼ã°ããã¿ã¤ã
ã·ã§ã¢ãªã³ã°ã»ãªãã¬ã¼ãã£ã³"
@@ -102,9 +88,17 @@
"ã³ãã¥ããã£ã®ä¸å¡ã¨ãã¦ãã¾ãAIã©ãã®ã¹ã¿ããã®ã·ã¹ãã
ã»ããã«ã¼ã¨ãã¦ãã"
"ã®ã·ã¹ãã ãæ¹åãã¦ãããã¨ããããã®ä»äºã§ããã"
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "We did not call our software “free software”, because that "
+#| "term did not yet exist; but that is what it was. Whenever people from "
+#| "another university or a company wanted to port and use a program, we "
+#| "gladly let them. If you saw someone using an unfamiliar and interesting "
+#| "program, you could always ask to see the source code, so that you could "
+#| "read it, change it, or cannibalize parts of it to make a new program."
msgid ""
-"We did not call our software “free software”, because that term "
+"We did not call our software “free software,” because that term "
"did not yet exist; but that is what it was. Whenever people from another "
"university or a company wanted to port and use a program, we gladly let "
"them. If you saw someone using an unfamiliar and interesting program, you "
@@ -119,27 +113,20 @@
"ãã¨é
¼ãã¾ãããããã¦ããããèªã¿ãæ¸ãæãããããã¯ããã®ä¸é¨ãåãåºãã¦"
"æ°ããããã°ã©ã ã«ãããã¨ãã§ããã®ã§ãã"
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><div><p>
msgid ""
-"(1) The use of “hacker” to mean “security breaker” "
-"is a confusion on the part of the mass media. We hackers refuse to "
-"recognize that meaning, and continue using the word to mean someone who "
-"loves to program, someone who enjoys playful cleverness, or the combination "
-"of the two. See my article, <a href=\"http://stallman.org/articles/on-";
-"hacking.html\">On Hacking</a>."
+"Why it is even more important than ever <a href=\"/philosophy/free-software-"
+"even-more-important.html\">to insist that the software we use be free</a>."
msgstr ""
-"(1)ãããã«ã¼ãã¨ããç¨èªããã»ãã¥ãªãã£ç
´ããã®æå³ã§ä½¿ãã®ã¯ä¸é¨ã®ãã¹ã¡"
-"ãã£ã¢ã®æ··åã§ããããããã¡ããã«ã¼ã¯ãã®ãããªæå³ã決ãã¦èªãã¾ããããã"
-"ã¦ãããã°ã©ã
ããããã¨ã大好ããªäººããã¡ãããªæ©å·§ã楽ãã人ããããã¯ãã®"
-"äºã¤ã®çµã¿åãããã¨ããæå³ã§ãã®è¨èã使ãç¶ãã¾ãããããã®è«èª¬ã<a
href="
-"\"http://stallman.org/articles/on-hacking.html\";>ãããã³ã°ã«ã¤ãã¦</a>ãã覧"
-"ãã ããã"
+"ãªããããããã¤ã¦ãªãã»ã©ã«éè¦ãªã®ãã<a
href=\"/philosophy/free-software-"
+"even-more-important.html\">ããããã¡ã使ãã½ããã¦ã§ã¢ã¯èªç±ã§ãªããã°ãªããª"
+"ãã¨ä¸»å¼µãã¾ããã</a>ã"
-#. type: Content of: <h3>
+#. type: Content of: <div><h3>
msgid "The collapse of the community"
msgstr "ã³ãã¥ããã£ã®å´©å£"
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"The situation changed drastically in the early 1980s when Digital "
"discontinued the PDP-10 series. Its architecture, elegant and powerful in "
@@ -153,15 +140,24 @@
"ã§ããããã¯ITSãå½¢æãã¦ããããã°ã©ã
ã®å¤§åãããæ代é
ãã«ãªã£ã¦ãã¾ã£ãã¨"
"ãããã¨ã§ããã"
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "The AI Lab hacker community had already collapsed, not long before. In "
+#| "1981, the spin-off company Symbolics had hired away nearly all of the "
+#| "hackers from the AI Lab, and the depopulated community was unable to "
+#| "maintain itself. (The book Hackers, by Steve Levy, describes these "
+#| "events, as well as giving a clear picture of this community in its "
+#| "prime.) When the AI Lab bought a new PDP-10 in 1982, its administrators "
+#| "decided to use Digital's nonfree timesharing system instead of ITS."
msgid ""
"The AI Lab hacker community had already collapsed, not long before. In "
"1981, the spin-off company Symbolics had hired away nearly all of the "
"hackers from the AI Lab, and the depopulated community was unable to "
-"maintain itself. (The book Hackers, by Steve Levy, describes these events, "
-"as well as giving a clear picture of this community in its prime.) When the "
-"AI Lab bought a new PDP-10 in 1982, its administrators decided to use "
-"Digital's nonfree timesharing system instead of ITS."
+"maintain itself. (The book <cite>Hackers</cite>, by Steve Levy, describes "
+"these events, as well as giving a clear picture of this community in its "
+"prime.) When the AI Lab bought a new PDP-10 in 1982, its administrators "
+"decided to use Digital's nonfree timesharing system instead of ITS."
msgstr ""
"AIã©ãã»ããã«ã¼ã»ã³ãã¥ããã£ã¯ãæ¢ã«ããã®åã«å´©å£ãã¦ãã¾ããã1981å¹´ã«ã¹"
"ãã³ã»ãªãã®ä¼ç¤¾SymbolicsãAIã©ãã®ã»ã¼å
¨ã¦ã®ããã«ã¼ãå¼ãæãã¦ãã¾ãã人æ°"
@@ -170,7 +166,7 @@
"æããã¦ãã¾ãã) AIã©ãã1982å¹´ã«æ°ããPDP-10ãè³¼å
¥ããã¨ãã管çè
ã¯ITSã§ã¯"
"ãªãDEC社ã®ä¸èªç±ãªã¿ã¤ã ã·ã§ã¢ãªã³ã°ã»ã·ã¹ãã
ã使ããã¨ã決å®ãã¾ããã"
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"The modern computers of the era, such as the VAX or the 68020, had their own "
"operating systems, but none of them were free software: you had to sign a "
@@ -180,7 +176,7 @@
"ã
ãåãã¦ãã¾ããããã©ããèªç±ã½ããã¦ã§ã¢ã§ã¯ããã¾ããã§ãããã¤ã¾ããå®"
"è¡å¯è½ãªã³ãã¼ãå
¥æããããã
ãã§ãéé示å¥ç´ãçµã¶å¿
è¦ããã£ãã®ã§ãã"
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"This meant that the first step in using a computer was to promise not to "
"help your neighbor. A cooperating community was forbidden. The rule made "
@@ -194,7 +190,7 @@
"ã¨åãã¡åããªãããåã¯æµ·è³ã ãå¤æ´ãå
ãããã®ãªããããããã«é ¼ã¿è¾¼ãã§"
"ä½ã£ã¦ããããã¨ã ãã¨ãããã®ãªã®ã§ãã"
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"The idea that the proprietary software social system—the system that "
"says you are not allowed to share or change software—is antisocial, "
@@ -216,11 +212,19 @@
"ã§ã¯ãªãã§ãããããã½ããã¦ã§ã¢ä¼ç¤¾ã¯ãã®åé¡ã®è¦æ¹ã¯ä¸ã¤ãããªãã¨äººã
ã«ä¿¡"
"ããããããã«é·ããã¨é常ãªä½æ¥ãéãã¦ããã®ã§ãã"
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "When software publishers talk about “enforcing” their “"
+#| "rights” or “stopping <a href=\"/philosophy/words-to-avoid."
+#| "html#Piracy\">piracy</a>”, what they actually <em>say</em> is "
+#| "secondary. The real message of these statements is in the unstated "
+#| "assumptions they take for granted, which the public is asked to accept "
+#| "without examination. Let's therefore examine them."
msgid ""
"When software publishers talk about “enforcing” their “"
"rights” or “stopping <a href=\"/philosophy/words-to-avoid."
-"html#Piracy\">piracy</a>”, what they actually <em>say</em> is "
+"html#Piracy\">piracy</a>,” what they actually <em>say</em> is "
"secondary. The real message of these statements is in the unstated "
"assumptions they take for granted, which the public is asked to accept "
"without examination. Let's therefore examine them."
@@ -232,7 +236,7 @@
"ãã®ãã¨ãç¡æ¹å¤ã«åãå
¥ããã¹ãã
ã¨ããããã§ããã§ã¯ãã®ç¹ã«ã¤ãã¦åå³ãã¦"
"ã¿ã¾ãããã"
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"One assumption is that software companies have an unquestionable natural "
"right to own software and thus have power over all its users. (If this were "
@@ -248,7 +252,7 @@
"ã¨æ³ã®ä¼çµ±ã§ã¯ãã®è¦æ¹ã¯å¦å®ããã¦ãã¾ããèä½æ¨©ã¯èªç¶æ¨©ã§ã¯ãªããå©ç¨è
ã®ã³"
"ãã¼ããèªç¶æ¨©ãå¶éããã人工çãªæ¿åºãå¼·ããç¬å
ãªã®ã§ãã"
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"Another unstated assumption is that the only important thing about software "
"is what jobs it allows you to do—that we computer users should not "
@@ -258,7 +262,7 @@
"ãã©ããªä½æ¥ãããã¦ããããã§ãã£ã¦ãã©ããªç¤¾ä¼ã«æ®ãããã¨ãã§ãããã«ã¤ã"
"ã¦ããããã³ã³ãã¥ã¼ã¿ã®å©ç¨è
ã¯æ°ã«ãããã¹ãã§ã¯ãªãã¨ãããã®ã§ãã"
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"A third assumption is that we would have no usable software (or would never "
"have a program to do this or that particular job) if we did not offer a "
@@ -272,7 +276,7 @@
"ã¨ãããã«èããã¾ãããèªç±ã½ããã¦ã§ã¢éåãéãè²
ããããã¨ãªããè±å¯ãªä¾¿"
"å©ãªã½ããã¦ã§ã¢ãä½ãã
ãããã¨ãå®éã«ãã£ã¦ã¿ããåã¯ã"
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"If we decline to accept these assumptions, and judge these issues based on "
"ordinary commonsense morality while placing the users first, we arrive at "
@@ -286,13 +290,20 @@
"æããèªç±ããªããã°ãªãã¾ããããªããªããä»äººã®æå©ãããããã¨ã¯ç¤¾ä¼ã®åºæ¬"
"ãªã®ã§ãããã"
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "There is no room here for an extensive statement of the reasoning behind "
+#| "this conclusion, so I refer the reader to the web pages <a href=\"/"
+#| "philosophy/why-free.html\"> http://www.gnu.org/philosophy/why-free.html</"
+#| "a> and <a href=\"/philosophy/free-software-even-more-important.html\"> "
+#| "http://www.gnu.org/philosophy/free-software-even-more-important.html</a>."
msgid ""
"There is no room here for an extensive statement of the reasoning behind "
-"this conclusion, so I refer the reader to the web pages <a href=\"/"
-"philosophy/why-free.html\"> http://www.gnu.org/philosophy/why-free.html</a> "
-"and <a href=\"/philosophy/free-software-even-more-important.html\"> http://";
-"www.gnu.org/philosophy/free-software-even-more-important.html</a>."
+"this conclusion, so I refer the reader to “<a href=\"/philosophy/why-"
+"free.html\">Why Software Should Not Have Owners</a>,” and “<a "
+"href=\"/philosophy/free-software-even-more-important.html\">Free Software Is "
+"Even More Important Now</a>.”"
msgstr ""
"ãã®çµè«ãè£ä»ããè«æ¨ã«ã¤ãã¦ååã«è¿°ã¹ãä½å°ã¯ããã«ã¯ããã¾ããã詳ãã"
"ã¯ããã¡ãã®ã¦ã§ããã¼ã¸<a
href=\"/philosophy/why-free.html\">http://www.gnu.";
@@ -300,11 +311,11 @@
"more-important.html\"> http://www.gnu.org/philosophy/free-software-even-more-";
"important.html</a>ãåç
§ãã¦ãã ããã"
-#. type: Content of: <h3>
+#. type: Content of: <div><h3>
msgid "A stark moral choice"
msgstr "å·å³ãªãéå¾³ã®é¸æ"
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"With my community gone, to continue as before was impossible. Instead, I "
"faced a stark moral choice."
@@ -313,7 +324,7 @@
"ãªã£ã¦ãã¾ãã¾ããããã®ä»£ããã«ããããã¯å³ããéå¾³çãªé¸æã«ç´é¢ãããã¨ã«"
"ãªã£ãã®ã§ãã"
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"The easy choice was to join the proprietary software world, signing "
"nondisclosure agreements and promising not to help my fellow hacker. Most "
@@ -326,7 +337,7 @@
"ãããããã¯éé示å¥ç´ã®ã½ããã¦ã§ã¢ãéçºãããããã£ã¦ãä»ã®äººãã¡ã«ãèªå"
"ãã¡ã®ä»²éãè£åãããå§åããããããã«ãªã£ã¦ããã§ãããã"
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"I could have made money this way, and perhaps amused myself writing code. "
"But I knew that at the end of my career, I would look back on years of "
@@ -338,7 +349,7 @@
"ããä½å¹´ãã®æ¥ã
ãæãè¿ããèªåã®äººçãä¸çãããæªããã®ã«ããããã«è²»ãã"
"ã¦ããã¨æããããã«ãªãã®ã¯åãã£ã¦ãã¾ããã"
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"I had already experienced being on the receiving end of a nondisclosure "
"agreement, when someone refused to give me and the MIT AI Lab the source "
@@ -356,7 +367,7 @@
"ã¨å
±æãåããã¨ãæå¦ããã¨ãã«ã¯æ¬å½ã«æãã¾ããããããã¯æ¯ãè¿ã£ã¦ãã¿ã"
"ãªãåãç®ã«ãããããã¨ãªã©ã§ãã¾ããã"
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"Another choice, straightforward but unpleasant, was to leave the computer "
"field. That way my skills would not be misused, but they would still be "
@@ -369,7 +380,7 @@
"ã¿ã®å©ç¨è
ãåæãããå¶éãããããéã¡ãç¯ããã¨ã¯ããã¾ããããããã§ãã"
"ããããã¨ã¯èµ·ããã§ãããã"
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"So I looked for a way that a programmer could do something for the good. I "
"asked myself, was there a program or programs that I could write, so as to "
@@ -379,7 +390,7 @@
"ããèªåã«æ¸ããããã°ã©ã ã¯ããã
ããããããã§ããä¸åº¦ã³ãã¥ããã£ãä½ãã"
"ã¨ãã§ããããã«ãªãã
ããããã¨èªåã«èãã¦ã¿ã¾ããã"
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"The answer was clear: what was needed first was an operating system. That "
"is the crucial software for starting to use a computer. With an operating "
@@ -397,7 +408,16 @@
"ããã£ãæã¤ãã¨ãåºæ¥ãã®ã§ããããããã°èªåã®å人ãã¡ãæããããã¿ããå§"
"ãããã¨ãªãã誰ããã³ã³ãã¥ã¼ã¿ã使ããã¨ãåºæ¥ãããã«ãªãã§ãããã"
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "As an operating system developer, I had the right skills for this job. "
+#| "So even though I could not take success for granted, I realized that I "
+#| "was elected to do the job. I chose to make the system compatible with "
+#| "Unix so that it would be portable, and so that Unix users could easily "
+#| "switch to it. The name GNU was chosen, following a hacker tradition, as "
+#| "a recursive acronym for “GNU's Not Unix.” It is pronounced as "
+#| "<a href=\"/gnu/pronunciation.html\">one syllable with a hard g</a>."
msgid ""
"As an operating system developer, I had the right skills for this job. So "
"even though I could not take success for granted, I realized that I was "
@@ -405,7 +425,7 @@
"that it would be portable, and so that Unix users could easily switch to "
"it. The name GNU was chosen, following a hacker tradition, as a recursive "
"acronym for “GNU's Not Unix.” It is pronounced as <a href=\"/gnu/"
-"pronunciation.html\">one syllable with a hard g</a>."
+"pronunciation.html\">one syllable with a hard <i>g</i></a>."
msgstr ""
"ãªãã¬ã¼ãã£ã³ã°ã»ã·ã¹ãã ã®éçºè
ã¨ãã¦ããããã«ã¯ãã®ä»äºã«ç¸å¿ããã¹ãã«"
"ãããã¾ãããã
ãããæåã®è¦è¾¼ã¿ãããããã§ã¯ãªãã£ãã®ã§ããããããã¯èª"
@@ -416,7 +436,7 @@
"ã®å帰é åèªã¨ãã¦é¸ã°ãã¾ãããããã¯<a
href=\"/gnu/pronunciation.html\">硬"
"ã g ã®ä¸é³ç¯</a>ã§çºé³ããã¾ãã"
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"An operating system does not mean just a kernel, barely enough to run other "
"programs. In the 1970s, every operating system worthy of the name included "
@@ -431,41 +451,37 @@
"ãã®ãã®ãå«ã¾ãã¦ãã¾ãããITSã§ããMulticsã§ããVMSã§ããUnixã§ãã§ããGNU"
"ã®ãªãã¬ã¼ãã£ã³ã°ã»ã·ã¹ãã
ã«ããããã¯å«ã¾ããããã«ããã¤ããã§ããã"
-#. type: Content of: <p>
-msgid "Later I heard these words, attributed to Hillel (1):"
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid "Later I heard these words, attributed to Hillel (1):"
+msgid ""
+"Later I heard these words, attributed to Hillel <a href=\"#ft2\">[2]</"
+"a>:"
msgstr
"å¾ã«ãªã£ã¦ãã¬ã«(1)ã®ãã®ã¨ããã次ã®ãããªè¨èãç¥ãã¾ããã"
-#. type: Content of: <blockquote><p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><blockquote><p>
msgid "If I am not for myself, who will be for me?"
msgstr ""
"ããããèªåã®ããã«åå¨ããã®ã§ãªããã°ããã£ãã誰ããããã®ããã«åå¨ãã?"
-#. type: Content of: <blockquote><p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><blockquote><p>
msgid "If I am only for myself, what am I?"
msgstr "ããããèªåã®ããã
ãã«åå¨ããã¨ããã°ããããã¯ãã£ããä½ãã®ã ?"
-#. type: Content of: <blockquote><p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><blockquote><p>
msgid "If not now, when?"
msgstr "ä»ã§ãªããã°ããã£ãããã¤?"
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid "The decision to start the GNU Project was based on a similar spirit."
msgstr ""
"GNUããã¸ã§ã¯ããå§ãããã¨ãã決æãåããããªç²¾ç¥ã«åºã¥ãã¦ã®ãã¨ã§ããã"
-#. type: Content of: <p>
-msgid ""
-"(1) As an Atheist, I don't follow any religious leaders, but I sometimes "
-"find I admire something one of them has said."
-msgstr ""
-"(1) ç¡ç¥è«è
ã¨ãã¦ããããã¯ã©ã®å®ææå°è
ãä¿¡å¿ãã¦ãã¾ããããã¨ãããå½¼ã"
-"ã®èª°ãã®è¨èã«ä½ãããæ¬æãããã®ããããã¨ã«æ°ä»ãã¾ãã"
-
-#. type: Content of: <h3>
+#. type: Content of: <div><h3>
msgid "Free as in freedom"
msgstr "èªç±ã¨ãã¦ã®ããªã¼"
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"The term “free software” is sometimes misunderstood—it has "
"nothing to do with price. It is about freedom. Here, therefore, is the "
@@ -475,19 +491,19 @@
"段ã¨ã¯é¢ä¿ãªãã®ã§ããèªç±ã«ã¤ãã¦ãªã®ã§ããã§ããããããã§èªç±ã½ããã¦ã§ã¢"
"ã®å®ç¾©ãè¿°ã¹ã¾ãã"
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid "A program is free software, for you, a particular user, if:"
msgstr ""
"ããç¹å®ã®å©ç¨è
ã§ããããªãã«ã¨ã£ã¦ãããããã°ã©ã
ãèªç±ã½ããã¦ã§ã¢ã§ãã"
"ã¨ã¯ã"
-#. type: Content of: <ul><li>
+#. type: Content of: <div><ul><li>
msgid "You have the freedom to run the program as you wish, for any purpose."
msgstr ""
"ãã®ããã°ã©ã
ãããªãã®æ¬²ããã¾ã¾ã«ã©ããªç®çã®ããã«ã§ãå®è¡ããèªç±ããã"
"ãã¨ã"
-#. type: Content of: <ul><li>
+#. type: Content of: <div><ul><li>
msgid ""
"You have the freedom to modify the program to suit your needs. (To make "
"this freedom effective in practice, you must have access to the source code, "
@@ -498,12 +514,12 @@
"ã«å®å¹çã«ããããã«ãã½ã¼ã¹ã³ã¼ãã¸ã®ã¢ã¯ã»ã¹ããããã¨ãå¿
é ã§ããã½ã¼ã¹"
"ã³ã¼ããªãã«ããããã°ã©ã ã«å¤æ´ãå
ãããã¨ã¯ã大å¤ãªå°é£ãä¼´ãããã§ãã)"
-#. type: Content of: <ul><li>
+#. type: Content of: <div><ul><li>
msgid ""
"You have the freedom to redistribute copies, either gratis or for a fee."
msgstr "ç¡åãããã¯æåã®ã©ã¡ãã§ããã³ãã¼ãåé
å¸ããèªç±ããããã¨ã"
-#. type: Content of: <ul><li>
+#. type: Content of: <div><ul><li>
msgid ""
"You have the freedom to distribute modified versions of the program, so that "
"the community can benefit from your improvements."
@@ -511,7 +527,7 @@
"ãã®ããã°ã©ã ã®å¤æ´ããçãé
å¸ããèªç±ããããã³ãã¥ããã£ãããªãã®æ¹åã«"
"ããå©çã享åã§ãããã¨ã"
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"Since “free” refers to freedom, not to price, there is no "
"contradiction between selling copies and free software. In fact, the "
@@ -528,14 +544,24 @@
"ã«ããã®ä¸ã«åé²ãããã¨ãã§ããªãããã°ã©ã
ã¯èªç±ã½ããã¦ã§ã¢ã§ã¯ããã¾ã"
"ãã"
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "Because of the ambiguity of “free”, people have long looked "
+#| "for alternatives, but no one has found a better term. The English "
+#| "language has more words and nuances than any other, but it lacks a "
+#| "simple, unambiguous, word that means “free”, as in "
+#| "freedom—“unfettered” being the word that comes closest "
+#| "in meaning. Such alternatives as “liberated”, “"
+#| "freedom”, and “open” have either the wrong meaning or "
+#| "some other disadvantage."
msgid ""
-"Because of the ambiguity of “free”, people have long looked for "
+"Because of the ambiguity of “free,” people have long looked for "
"alternatives, but no one has found a better term. The English language has "
"more words and nuances than any other, but it lacks a simple, unambiguous, "
-"word that means “free”, as in freedom—“"
+"word that means “free,” as in freedom—“"
"unfettered” being the word that comes closest in meaning. Such "
-"alternatives as “liberated”, “freedom”, and “"
+"alternatives as “liberated,” “freedom,” and “"
"open” have either the wrong meaning or some other disadvantage."
msgstr ""
"ãããªã¼ãã¨ããèªã®ææ§ãã®ããã§ã人ã
ã¯ããã«ä»£ããå¥ã®ãã®ãæ¢ãã¦ãã¾ã"
@@ -546,11 +572,11 @@
"ã¾ããã“liberated”ã“freedom”ã“open”ã®"
"ãããªåè£ã«ãééã£ãæå³ããã®ä»ã®ä¸é½åãããã¾ããã"
-#. type: Content of: <h3>
+#. type: Content of: <div><h3>
msgid "GNU software and the GNU system"
msgstr "GNUã½ããã¦ã§ã¢ã¨GNUã·ã¹ãã "
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"Developing a whole system is a very large project. To bring it into reach, "
"I decided to adapt and use existing pieces of free software wherever that "
@@ -564,7 +590,7 @@
"ãããã»ãã¼ã«ã¨ãã¦æ¡ç¨ããã«æ±ºãã¾ããããã®æ°å¹´å¾ã«ã¯ãGNUåãã«å¥ã®ã¦ã£ã³"
"ãã¦ã»ã·ã¹ãã ãä½ããããXã¦ã£ã³ãã¦ã»ã·ã¹ãã
ã使ããã¨ã«æ±ºãã¾ããã"
-#. type: Content of: <p>
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msgid ""
"Because of these decisions, and others like them, the GNU system is not the "
"same as the collection of all GNU software. The GNU system includes "
@@ -578,11 +604,11 @@
"ã«å¿ãã¦éçºããã¾ãããèªç±ã½ããã¦ã§ã¢ãªã®ã§ããããã¡ã使ããã¨ãåºæ¥ã¾"
"ãã"
-#. type: Content of: <h3>
+#. type: Content of: <div><h3>
msgid "Commencing the project"
msgstr "ããã¸ã§ã¯ãã®éå§"
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"In January 1984 I quit my job at MIT and began writing GNU software. "
"Leaving MIT was necessary so that MIT would not be able to interfere with "
@@ -601,7 +627,7 @@
"ã®ä»äºãããããç¡é§ã«ãªãã«ä»»ããã¤ããã¯ããã¾ããã§ãããæ°ããã½ããã¦ã§"
"ã¢å
±æã®ã³ãã¥ããã£ãä½ãã®ãç®çãªã®ã§ãããã"
-#. type: Content of: <p>
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msgid ""
"However, Professor Winston, then the head of the MIT AI Lab, kindly invited "
"me to keep using the lab's facilities."
@@ -609,15 +635,23 @@
"ããããªãããå½æMITã®AIã©ããçãã¦ããã¦ã£ã³ã¹ãã³ææã®ã好æã«ãããç
究"
"æã®æ½è¨ã使ãç¶ãããã¦ããã ããã¨ãã§ãã¾ããã"
-#. type: Content of: <h3>
+#. type: Content of: <div><h3>
msgid "The first steps"
msgstr "æåã®ä¸æ©"
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "Shortly before beginning the GNU Project, I heard about the Free "
+#| "University Compiler Kit, also known as VUCK. (The Dutch word for “"
+#| "free” is written with a <em>v</em>.) This was a compiler designed "
+#| "to handle multiple languages, including C and Pascal, and to support "
+#| "multiple target machines. I wrote to its author asking if GNU could use "
+#| "it."
msgid ""
"Shortly before beginning the GNU Project, I heard about the Free University "
"Compiler Kit, also known as VUCK. (The Dutch word for “free” is "
-"written with a <em>v</em>.) This was a compiler designed to handle multiple "
+"written with a <i>v</i>.) This was a compiler designed to handle multiple "
"languages, including C and Pascal, and to support multiple target machines. "
"I wrote to its author asking if GNU could use it."
msgstr ""
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"ããã·ã³ããµãã¼ãããã¨ã®ãã¨ã§ããããããã¯ä½è
ã«GNUã§ããã使ããªããã©ã"
"ãã¨è³ªåãéãã¾ããã"
-#. type: Content of: <p>
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msgid ""
"He responded derisively, stating that the university was free but the "
"compiler was not. I therefore decided that my first program for the GNU "
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"ãã¾ãããããã§ããããã¯GNUããã¸ã§ã¯ãã®æåã®ããã°ã©ã
ã¯è¤æ°è¨èªã«å¯¾å¿ã"
"ããè¤æ°ã®ãã©ãããã©ã¼ã
åãã®ã³ã³ãã¤ã©ã«æ±ºããã®ã§ãã"
-#. type: Content of: <p>
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msgid ""
"Hoping to avoid the need to write the whole compiler myself, I obtained the "
"source code for the Pastel compiler, which was a multiplatform compiler "
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"ã®ã«ãå©ç¨ã§ãã68000 Unixã·ã¹ãã
ã§ã¯64kãããªããããããªããã¨ãåãã£ã¦è«¦"
"ãããã¨ã«ãªãã¾ããã"
-#. type: Content of: <p>
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+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "I then realized that the Pastel compiler functioned by parsing the entire "
+#| "input file into a syntax tree, converting the whole syntax tree into a "
+#| "chain of “instructions”, and then generating the whole output "
+#| "file, without ever freeing any storage. At this point, I concluded I "
+#| "would have to write a new compiler from scratch. That new compiler is "
+#| "now known as <abbr title=\"GNU Compiler Collection\">GCC</abbr>; none of "
+#| "the Pastel compiler is used in it, but I managed to adapt and use the C "
+#| "front end that I had written. But that was some years later; first, I "
+#| "worked on GNU Emacs."
msgid ""
"I then realized that the Pastel compiler functioned by parsing the entire "
"input file into a syntax tree, converting the whole syntax tree into a chain "
-"of “instructions”, and then generating the whole output file, "
+"of “instructions,” and then generating the whole output file, "
"without ever freeing any storage. At this point, I concluded I would have "
"to write a new compiler from scratch. That new compiler is now known as "
"<abbr title=\"GNU Compiler Collection\">GCC</abbr>; none of the Pastel "
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"ããããèªåã§æ¸ããCã®ããã³ãã¨ã³ããã©ãã«ãé©å¿ãã¦ä½¿ãã¾ãããããããã"
"ã¯æ°å¹´å¾ã®ãã¨ã§ããã¾ãæåã«ããããã¯GNU
Emacsã®ä½æ¥ã«åããããã¾ããã"
-#. type: Content of: <h3>
+#. type: Content of: <div><h3>
msgid "GNU Emacs"
msgstr "GNU Emacs"
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"I began work on GNU Emacs in September 1984, and in early 1985 it was "
"beginning to be usable. This enabled me to begin using Unix systems to do "
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"ããããã§Unixã·ã¹ãã
ãç·¨éä½æ¥ã«ä½¿ããã¨ãåºæ¥ã¾ããviãedã®ä¿®å¾ã«ã¯èå³ã"
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-#. type: Content of: <p>
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msgid ""
"At this point, people began wanting to use GNU Emacs, which raised the "
"question of how to distribute it. Of course, I put it on the anonymous ftp "
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"ããå¤ãã®äººãã¡ãã¤ã³ã¿ã¼ãããç°å¢ã«ã¯ããããftpçµç±ã§ã³ãã¼ãæã«ãããã¨"
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-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"I could have said, “Find a friend who is on the net and who will make "
"a copy for you.” Or I could have done what I did with the original "
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"ã·ã¹ãã ã»ãã£ã¹ããªãã¥ã¼ã·ã§ã³å
¨ä½ãé
å¸ãã¦ããä»æ¥ã®ä¼ç¤¾ã®å
é§è
ã¨ãªã£ã"
"ããã§ãã"
-#. type: Content of: <h3>
+#. type: Content of: <div><h3>
msgid "Is a program free for every user?"
msgstr "ããã°ã©ã ã¯ãã¹ã¦ã®å©ç¨è
ã«èªç±ãªã®ã?"
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"If a program is free software when it leaves the hands of its author, this "
"does not necessarily mean it will be free software for everyone who has a "
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"èªç±ã½ããã¦ã§ã¢ã«ã¯èä½æ¨©ã主張ããã¾ãããåç´ãªå®¹èªã®ã©ã¤ã»ã³ã¹ã®ãã¨ã§é
"
"å¸ããã¦ãã¾ããããã¯ããããã©ã¤ã¨ã¿ãªãªå¤æ´çã許ãã¾ãã"
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"The paradigmatic example of this problem is the X Window System. Developed "
"at MIT, and released as free software with a permissive license, it was soon "
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"ã
ã«ãã¤ããªå½¢å¼ã®ã¿ã§çµã¿è¾¼ã¿ãåãéé示å¥ç´ã«ãã£ã¦è¦ã£ã¦ãã¾ã£ãã®ã§ãã"
"ãããã®Xã®ã³ãã¼ã¯Unixã¨åæ§ã«ãã¯ãèªç±ã½ããã¦ã§ã¢ã§ã¯ãªããªãã¾ããã"
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "The developers of the X Window System did not consider this a "
+#| "problem—they expected and intended this to happen. Their goal was "
+#| "not freedom, just “success”, defined as “having many "
+#| "users.” They did not care whether these users had freedom, only "
+#| "that they should be numerous."
msgid ""
"The developers of the X Window System did not consider this a problem—"
"they expected and intended this to happen. Their goal was not freedom, just "
-"“success”, defined as “having many users.” They did "
+"“success,” defined as “having many users.” They did "
"not care whether these users had freedom, only that they should be numerous."
msgstr ""
"Xã¦ã£ã³ãã¦ã»ã·ã¹ãã ã®éçºè
ãã¡ã¯ãããåé¡ã¨ã¯èãã¦ãã¾ãã§ããããå½¼ãã¯"
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"è
ãèªç±ãå¾ããã¨ãªã©ã©ãã§ãããã¦ã大å¢ã«ãªãããããã°ããã§ããã£ãã®ã§"
"ãã"
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"This led to a paradoxical situation where two different ways of counting the "
"amount of freedom gave different answers to the question, “Is this "
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"èªç±ãªçã§ã¯ãªããUnixã·ã¹ãã
ã¨ä¸ç·ã«ãªã£ããããã©ã¤ã¨ã¿ãªãªçãèµ°ããã¦ã"
"ãããã§ãã"
-#. type: Content of: <h3>
+#. type: Content of: <div><h3>
msgid "Copyleft and the GNU GPL"
msgstr "ã³ãã¼ã¬ããã¨GNU GPL"
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "The goal of GNU was to give users freedom, not just to be popular. So we "
+#| "needed to use distribution terms that would prevent GNU software from "
+#| "being turned into proprietary software. The method we use is called "
+#| "“copyleft”.(1)"
msgid ""
"The goal of GNU was to give users freedom, not just to be popular. So we "
"needed to use distribution terms that would prevent GNU software from being "
"turned into proprietary software. The method we use is called “"
-"copyleft”.(1)"
+"copyleft” <a href=\"#ft3\">[3]</a>."
msgstr ""
"GNUã®ç®æ¨ã¯å©ç¨è
ã«èªç±ãä¸ãããã¨ã§ãåã«äººæ°ãå¾ããã¨ã§ã¯ããã¾ãããã§ã"
"ãããããããã¡ã¯GNUã®ã½ããã¦ã§ã¢ããããã©ã¤ã¨ã¿ãªãªã½ããã¦ã§ã¢ã«å¤ããã"
"ã¨ãé²ãé
å¸æ¡ä»¶ã使ç¨ããå¿
è¦ãããã¾ãããããããã¡ã使ã£ã¦ãããã®æ¹æ³ã¯"
"ãã³ãã¼ã¬ããã(1)ã¨å¼ã°ãã¦ãã¾ãã"
-#. type: Content of: <p>
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msgid ""
"Copyleft uses copyright law, but flips it over to serve the opposite of its "
"usual purpose: instead of a means for restricting a program, it becomes a "
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"ã®ç®çã®ããã«ä½¿ã£ã¦ãã¾ããã¤ã¾ããããã°ã©ã
ãå¶éããããã®æ段ã¨ãã¦ã§ã¯"
"ãªããããã°ã©ã
ãèªç±ã®ã¾ã¾ã«ãã¦ããæ段ã¨ãªãããã«ã"
-#. type: Content of: <p>
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msgid ""
"The central idea of copyleft is that we give everyone permission to run the "
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"ãããªå¤§åãªèªç±ã¨ãããã®ã¯ããã®ã³ãã¼ãæã£ã¦ãã人ãã¡å
¨ã¦ã«ä¿è¨¼ãããã"
"ä¸å¯ä¾µã®æ¨©å©ã«ãªãã®ã§ãã"
-#. type: Content of: <p>
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msgid ""
"For an effective copyleft, modified versions must also be free. This "
"ensures that work based on ours becomes available to our community if it is "
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"ããªã®ã§éç¨ä¸»ã«ãæã
ã®ãããã©ã¤ã¨ã¿ãªãªçãä½ãã®ã«ä½¿ç¨ããããå¤æ´ããé¨"
"åãå
±æãã¦ã¯ãããªããã¨ã¯è¨ãããªãããã«ãªã£ã¦ãã¾ãã"
-#. type: Content of: <p>
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msgid ""
"The requirement that changes must be free is essential if we want to ensure "
"freedom for every user of the program. The companies that privatized the X "
@@ -873,7 +931,7 @@
"ã®èªç±ãå¦å®ããããã®è¨ã訳ã«ãªã£ã¦ãã¾ããªãããã®è¨ã訳ã«ã¤ãããã®ã¯èª°ã«"
"ã¨ã£ã¦ãç°¡åãªãã¨ã§ãããã"
-#. type: Content of: <p>
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msgid ""
"A related issue concerns combining a free program with nonfree code. Such a "
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"ããããã¨ã§ããã³ãã¼ã¬ããã®ããã°ã©ã ã«ä»å
ãããããããã¯çµã¿åãããã"
"ã®ãä½ã§ãããçµåãããçãã¾ãèªç±ã§ã³ãã¼ã¬ããã§ãªããã°ãªããªãã®ã§ãã"
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "The specific implementation of copyleft that we use for most GNU software "
+#| "is the GNU General Public License, or GNU GPL for short. We have other "
+#| "kinds of copyleft that are used in specific circumstances. GNU manuals "
+#| "are copylefted also, but use a much simpler kind of copyleft, because the "
+#| "complexity of the GNU GPL is not necessary for manuals.(2)"
msgid ""
"The specific implementation of copyleft that we use for most GNU software is "
"the GNU General Public License, or GNU GPL for short. We have other kinds "
"of copyleft that are used in specific circumstances. GNU manuals are "
"copylefted also, but use a much simpler kind of copyleft, because the "
-"complexity of the GNU GPL is not necessary for manuals.(2)"
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+"\"#ft4\">[4]</a>"
msgstr ""
"ã³ãã¼ã¬ããã®ç¹å®ã®å®è£
ã§ããããã¡ãã»ã¨ãã©ã®GNUã½ããã¦ã§ã¢ã«ç¨ãã¦ããã®"
"ãGNUä¸è¬å
¬è¡ã©ã¤ã»ã³ã¹ãç¥ãã¦GNU
GPLã§ããã¾ãç¹å®ã®ç¶æ³ã§ä½¿ç¨ããå¥ç¨®ã®ã³"
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"éãªGNU GPLã¯å¿
è¦ãªãã®ã§ããã£ã¨ç°¡æ½ãªã³ãã¼ã¬ããã使ã£ã¦ãã¾ãã(2)"
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-"(1)
1984å¹´ã1985å¹´ã«ããã³ã»ãããã³ã¹(ããªãã®æ³ååã®æã¡ä¸»ã§ã)ããããã«"
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ã®ã²ã¨"
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ã£ãã®ã§ããå½æãé
å¸"
-"ã®ã³ã³ã»ããã«ã¤ãã¦èãã¦ãããããã¯ããã®ãã³ãã¼ã¬ãããã¨ããè¨èããã®"
-"ååã«ãããã¨ã«ããã®ã§ãã"
-
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-"(2) We now use the <a href=\"/licenses/fdl.html\">GNU Free Documentation "
-"License</a> for documentation."
-msgstr ""
-"(2) ããããã¡ã¯ä»ã¯<a
href=\"/licenses/fdl.html\">GNUèªç±ææ¸ã©ã¤ã»ã³ã¹</a>"
-"ãææ¸ã«ä½¿ã£ã¦ãã¾ãã"
-
-#. type: Content of: <h3>
+#. type: Content of: <div><h3>
msgid "The Free Software Foundation"
msgstr "ããªã¼ã½ããã¦ã§ã¢ãã¡ã¦ã³ãã¼ã·ã§ã³"
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "As interest in using Emacs was growing, other people became involved in "
+#| "the GNU project, and we decided that it was time to seek funding once "
+#| "again. So in 1985 we created the <a href=\"http://www.fsf.org/\";>Free "
+#| "Software Foundation</a> (FSF), a tax-exempt charity for free software "
+#| "development. The <abbr title=\"Free Software Foundation\">FSF</abbr> "
+#| "also took over the Emacs tape distribution business; later it extended "
+#| "this by adding other free software (both GNU and non-GNU) to the tape, "
+#| "and by selling free manuals as well."
msgid ""
"As interest in using Emacs was growing, other people became involved in the "
"GNU project, and we decided that it was time to seek funding once again. So "
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+"in 1985 we created the <a href=\"https://www.fsf.org/\";>Free Software "
"Foundation</a> (FSF), a tax-exempt charity for free software development. "
"The <abbr title=\"Free Software Foundation\">FSF</abbr> also took over the "
"Emacs tape distribution business; later it extended this by adding other "
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"ç±ã½ããã¦ã§ã¢ããã¼ãã«å
ããããã«ã¯èªç±ã®ããã¥ã¢ã«ã販売ãããªã©æ¡å¤§ãã¦"
"ããã¾ãã"
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "Most of the FSF's income used to come from sales of copies of free "
+#| "software and of other related services (CD-ROMs of source code, CD-ROMs "
+#| "with binaries, nicely printed manuals, all with the freedom to "
+#| "redistribute and modify), and Deluxe Distributions (distributions for "
+#| "which we built the whole collection of software for the customer's choice "
+#| "of platform). Today the FSF still <a href=\"http://shop.fsf.org/\";> "
+#| "sells manuals and other gear</a>, but it gets the bulk of its funding "
+#| "from members' dues. You can join the FSF at <a href=\"http://fsf.org/join";
+#| "\">fsf.org</a>."
msgid ""
"Most of the FSF's income used to come from sales of copies of free software "
"and of other related services (CD-ROMs of source code, CD-ROMs with "
"binaries, nicely printed manuals, all with the freedom to redistribute and "
"modify), and Deluxe Distributions (distributions for which we built the "
"whole collection of software for the customer's choice of platform). Today "
-"the FSF still <a href=\"http://shop.fsf.org/\";> sells manuals and other "
+"the FSF still <a href=\"https://shop.fsf.org/\";> sells manuals and other "
"gear</a>, but it gets the bulk of its funding from members' dues. You can "
-"join the FSF at <a href=\"http://fsf.org/join\";>fsf.org</a>."
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msgstr ""
"ãã¤ã¦ãFSFã®åå
¥ã®å¤§åã¯ãèªç±ã½ããã¦ã§ã¢ã®ã³ãã¼ããã®ä»ã®é¢é£ãµã¼ãã¹ã®è²©"
"売(ã½ã¼ã¹ã³ã¼ãã®CD-ROMããã¤ããªã®CD-ROMããã£ããããå°å·ããããã¥ã¢ã«ãå
¨"
@@ -970,7 +1035,16 @@
"ããããã¡ã<a
href=\"http://fsf.org/join\";>fsf.org</a>ããFSFã«åå ã§ãã¾"
"ãã"
-#. type: Content of: <p>
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+#| msgid ""
+#| "Free Software Foundation employees have written and maintained a number "
+#| "of GNU software packages. Two notable ones are the C library and the "
+#| "shell. The GNU C library is what every program running on a GNU/Linux "
+#| "system uses to communicate with Linux. It was developed by a member of "
+#| "the Free Software Foundation staff, Roland McGrath. The shell used on "
+#| "most GNU/Linux systems is <abbr title=\"Bourne Again Shell\">BASH</abbr>, "
+#| "the Bourne Again Shell(1), which was developed by FSF employee Brian Fox."
msgid ""
"Free Software Foundation employees have written and maintained a number of "
"GNU software packages. Two notable ones are the C library and the shell. "
@@ -978,7 +1052,8 @@
"to communicate with Linux. It was developed by a member of the Free "
"Software Foundation staff, Roland McGrath. The shell used on most GNU/Linux "
"systems is <abbr title=\"Bourne Again Shell\">BASH</abbr>, the Bourne Again "
-"Shell(1), which was developed by FSF employee Brian Fox."
+"SHell <a href=\"#ft5\">[5]</a>, which was developed by FSF employee "
+"Brian Fox."
msgstr ""
"ããªã¼ã½ããã¦ã§ã¢ãã¡ã¦ã³ãã¼ã·ã§ã³ã®è·å¡ã¯å¤ãã®GNUã½ããã¦ã§ã¢ã»ããã±ã¼ã¸"
"ãæ¸ããã¾ããã®ä¿å®ããã¦ãã¾ãããç¹è¨ãã¹ãã¯Cã©ã¤ãã©ãªã¨ã·ã§ã«ã§ãããã"
@@ -988,7 +1063,7 @@
"<abbr title=\"Bourne Again Shell\">BASH</abbr>ãBourne Again
Shell(1)ã§ãFSF"
"ã®è·å¡ã§ãããã©ã¤ã¢ã³ã»ãã©ãã¯ã¹ã«ãã£ã¦éçºããã¾ããã"
-#. type: Content of: <p>
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msgid ""
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"ã°ã»ã·ã¹ãã ã§ããããããã®ããã°ã©ã
ã¯ç®æ¨éæã®ããã«å¿
è¦ãªãã®ã ã£ããã"
"ã§ãã"
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-"(1) “Bourne Again Shell” is a play on the name “Bourne "
-"Shell”, which was the usual shell on Unix."
-msgstr ""
-"(1) “Bourne again
Shell”ã¯Unixã§æ¨æºçã«ä½¿ããã“Bourne "
-"Shell”ã®ååã«ã²ã£ãããè¨èéã³ã§ãã"
-
-#. type: Content of: <h3>
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msgid "Free software support"
msgstr "èªç±ã½ããã¦ã§ã¢ã®ãµãã¼ã"
-#. type: Content of: <p>
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msgid ""
"The free software philosophy rejects a specific widespread business "
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"ãã¸ãã¹ãã®ãã®ã«å対ãã¦ããããã§ã¯ããã¾ããããã¸ãã¹ãå©ç¨è
ã®èªç±ãå°"
"éãããªããããããã¡ã¯ãã®æåãé¡ã£ã¦ãã¾ãã"
-#. type: Content of: <p>
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msgid ""
"Selling copies of Emacs demonstrates one kind of free software business. "
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"ãºã®æ¹æ³ã¨ãã£ãé¡ç®ã§æãããã¨ããããã¦ãã®å
´åã¯GCCãä»ã®ãã©ãããã©ã¼ã "
"ã«ç§»æ¤ãããã®ã§ããããã½ããã¦ã§ã¢éçºãããã¾ããã"
-#. type: Content of: <p>
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msgid ""
"Today each of these kinds of free software business is practiced by a number "
"of corporations. Some distribute free software collections on CD-ROM; "
@@ -1052,14 +1119,24 @@
"ã½ããã¦ã§ã¢è£½åãå¸å ´ã«éãã
ããã¨ã«åºç¤ãç½®ãèªç±ã½ããã¦ã§ã¢ä¼ç¤¾ãç¾ãã"
"ã®ãç®ã«ããããã«ãªã£ã¦ããããã®ã§ãã"
-#. type: Content of: <p>
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+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "Watch out, though—a number of companies that associate themselves "
+#| "with the term “open source” actually base their business on "
+#| "nonfree software that works with free software. These are not free "
+#| "software companies, they are proprietary software companies whose "
+#| "products tempt users away from freedom. They call these programs “"
+#| "value-added packages”, which shows the values they would like us to "
+#| "adopt: convenience above freedom. If we value freedom more, we should "
+#| "call them “freedom-subtracted” packages."
msgid ""
"Watch out, though—a number of companies that associate themselves with "
"the term “open source” actually base their business on nonfree "
"software that works with free software. These are not free software "
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"users away from freedom. They call these programs “value-added "
-"packages”, which shows the values they would like us to adopt: "
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"convenience above freedom. If we value freedom more, we should call them "
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msgstr ""
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"ããã製åã¨å¼ã¶ã¹ãã§ãããã"
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msgid "Technical goals"
msgstr "æè¡çãªç®æ¨"
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msgid ""
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ãååãåãã®ãèªããã¨ãã社ä¼çãª"
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ã®èªç±ãå°éããã¨ããå«ççãªåªä½æ§ãããã¾ãã"
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¨é¨ãã³ã¢ã«èªã¿åºãã¦ãããããI/Oãæ°ã«ããå¿
è¦ãªãã«ä¸èº«ãã¹ãã£ã³ãããã"
"ã«å§ãã¾ããã"
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msgid ""
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"ãããã®æ±ºå®ã«ãããå¤ãã®GNUã®ããã°ã©ã ãä¿¡é
¼æ§ãã¹ãã¼ãã®é¢ã§Unixã®ç¸å½å"
"ãè¶ãããã¨ãå¯è½ã«ãªãã¾ããã"
-#. type: Content of: <h3>
+#. type: Content of: <div><h3>
msgid "Donated computers"
msgstr "å¯è´ãããã³ã³ãã¥ã¼ã¿"
-#. type: Content of: <p>
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msgid ""
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ã®ã³ã³ãã¼ãã³ããã²ã¨ã¤ã²ã¨ã¤å
¥ãæ¿ãã¦ãããã¨ã
ãã"
"ã§ãã"
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´åã¯ããããã©ã¤ã¨ã¿ãªãªããã±ã¼ã¸ã使ãã®"
"ã¯æ£å½ãªè¡çºã ã¨ããçµè«ã«ããããã¯éããã®ã§ãã"
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msgid ""
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"交æãããã¨ãã§ããªãã®ãªãã°ãããããã¡ã¯ããããã·ã³ã®æ¹ãåãæ¿ããã§"
"ãããã"
-#. type: Content of: <h3>
+#. type: Content of: <div><h3>
msgid "The GNU Task List"
msgstr "GNUã¿ã¹ã¯ãªã¹ã"
-#. type: Content of: <p>
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msgid ""
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ã¨èãããããã®ä»ã®ãã¾ãã¾ãªã½ããã¦ã§ã¢ãã"
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ãã¦ãªã¹ãã«ãã¦ããã¾ããã"
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-"program that appeals to more than a narrow class of users would be a useful "
-"thing to add to an operating system."
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
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+#| msgid ""
+#| "Today (1), hardly any Unix components are left in the GNU Task List—"
+#| "those jobs had been done, aside from a few inessential ones. But the "
+#| "list is full of projects that some might call “"
+#| "applications”. Any program that appeals to more than a narrow "
+#| "class of users would be a useful thing to add to an operating system."
+msgid ""
+"Today <a href=\"#ft6\">[6]</a>, hardly any Unix components are left in "
+"the GNU Task List—those jobs had been done, aside from a few "
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ããã¨ä¾¿å©ãªãã®ã§ããã"
"ãã§ãã"
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msgid ""
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"ãã¨ã¯ãã¾ããã§ããããã®ããããå©ç¨è
ã«åã°ããããªæ§ã
ãªç¨®é¡ã®ã²ã¼ã ããª"
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-"(1) That was written in 1998. In 2009 we no longer maintain a long task "
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-"(1)
ããã¯1998å¹´ã«æ¸ããã¾ããã2009å¹´ãããããã¡ã¯ããã¯ãé·ãã¿ã¹ã¯ãªã¹ã"
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-"ã¯ãã¹ã¦ã追跡ãããã¨ã¯ãã¯ãã§ãã¾ããããã®ä»£ããã«ãããããã¡ã¯ãåªå
度"
-"ã®é«ãããã¸ã§ã¯ãã®ãªã¹ããæã¤ããã«ãªãã¾ããã人ã
ã«æ¬å½ã«éçºãã¦ããã"
-"ããããã¸ã§ã¯ãã®çããªã¹ãã§ãã"
-
-#. type: Content of: <h3>
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msgid "The GNU Library GPL"
msgstr "GNUã©ã¤ãã©ãªGPL"
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "The GNU C library uses a special kind of copyleft called the GNU Library "
+#| "General Public License(1), which gives permission to link proprietary "
+#| "software with the library. Why make this exception?"
msgid ""
"The GNU C library uses a special kind of copyleft called the GNU Library "
-"General Public License(1), which gives permission to link proprietary "
-"software with the library. Why make this exception?"
+"General Public License <a href=\"#ft7\">[7]</a>, which gives "
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msgstr ""
"GNU Cã©ã¤ãã©ãªã¯GNUã©ã¤ãã©ãªä¸è¬å
¬è¡ã©ã¤ã»ã³ã¹ã¨ããç¹å¥ãªã³ãã¼ã¬ããã"
"使ã£ã¦ãã¾ã(1)ãããã¯ãããã©ã¤ã¨ã¿ãªãªã½ããã¦ã§ã¢ã«ã©ã¤ãã©ãªã¸ã®ãªã³ã¯ã"
"許å¯ãããã®ã§ãããªãä¾å¤ãèªããã®ã§ãããã?"
-#. type: Content of: <p>
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msgid ""
"It is not a matter of principle; there is no principle that says proprietary "
"software products are entitled to include our code. (Why contribute to a "
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"ãã¨ãæå¦ããä¸ã«æãç«ã£ã¦ããããã¸ã§ã¯ãã«æã貸ãã®ã§ããã?)
LGPLãCã©"
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-#. type: Content of: <p>
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msgid ""
"The C library does a generic job; every proprietary system or compiler comes "
"with a C library. Therefore, to make our C library available only to free "
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"ã½ããã¦ã§ã¢ã®æå©ã«ãªããã¨ãããã¾ãããããããããããªãã¨ããã¦ãããã"
"ãã¡ã®ã©ã¤ãã©ãªã®æ¹ã使ãã®ã«äºã®è¶³ãè¸ã¾ããããã«ãªãã
ãã§ãããã"
-#. type: Content of: <p>
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msgid ""
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"ç¥ä¸ããã¨ããçç±ã§ãã"
-#. type: Content of: <p>
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msgid ""
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"ã½ããã¦ã§ã¢ã«å¯¾ããåªä½æ§ãä¸ããã®ããä»ã®èªç±ã½ããã¦ã§ã¢éçºè
ãæå©ãã"
"ãã²ã¨ã¤ã®æ¹æ³ã§ãã"
-#. type: Content of: <p>
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msgid ""
"Consider GNU Readline, a library that was developed to provide command-line "
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"ãã«ã¨ãå°ãªãã¨ãã²ã¨ã¤ã®ä¾¿å©ãªã¢ããªã±ã¼ã·ã§ã³ãèªç±ã½ããã¦ã§ã¢ã«ãªãã¾ã"
"ãããããããã³ãã¥ããã£ã«ã¨ã£ã¦çã®å©çã§ãã"
-#. type: Content of: <p>
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msgid ""
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"ã¸ã¥ã¼ã«ãæä¾ãããããªãèªç±ã½ããã¦ã§ã¢ã®éçºã«å¤§ããªåªä½æ§ãä¸ãã¦ãã"
"ãããããªãã°ãããªã¨é¡ã£ã¦ãã¾ãã"
-#. type: Content of: <p>
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-"(1) This license is now called the GNU Lesser General Public License, to "
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-"(1) ãã®ã©ã¤ã»ã³ã¹ã¯ä»ã¯GNUå£çä¸è¬å
¬è¡ã©ã¤ã»ã³ã¹ã¨å¼ã°ãã¾ãããã¹ã¦ã®ã©ã¤ã"
-"ã©ãªãããã使ãã¹ãã¨ããèãããããããã«ãã®ååã¨ãªãã¾ããã<a
href=\"/"
-"philosophy/why-not-lgpl.html\">次ã®ã©ã¤ãã©ãªã«å£çGPLã使ãã¹ãã§ãªãçç±</"
-"a>ã«ãã詳ããè¿°ã¹ããã¦ãã¾ãã"
-
-#. type: Content of: <h3>
+#. type: Content of: <div><h3>
msgid "Scratching an itch?"
msgstr "çãã¨ãããæ»ã?"
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"Eric Raymond says that “Every good work of software starts by "
"scratching a developer's personal itch.” Maybe that happens sometimes, "
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ãä½ãããã«éçºãããã®ã§ããã´ã£ã¸ã§ã³ã¨è¨ç»ã«ãã£ã¦"
"çã¾ããã®ã§ãã£ã¦ãè¡åããã§ã¯ããã¾ããã"
-#. type: Content of: <p>
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msgid ""
"For example, we developed the GNU C library because a Unix-like system needs "
"a C library, BASH because a Unix-like system needs a shell, and GNU tar "
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"身ã®ããã°ã©ã ã«ãåããã¨ãããã¾ããGNU
Cã³ã³ãã¤ã©ãGNU EmacsãGDB ããã¦"
"GNU Makeãããã§ãã"
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msgid ""
"Some GNU programs were developed to cope with specific threats to our "
"freedom. Thus, we developed gzip to replace the Compress program, which had "
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"Guardãéçºãã¦ãã¾ãããªããªããå©ç¨è
ã¯ãã©ã¤ãã·ã¨èªç±ã¨ã®éã§é¸æãè¿«ãã"
"ãã¹ãã§ã¯ãªãããã§ãã"
-#. type: Content of: <p>
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msgid ""
"Of course, the people writing these programs became interested in the work, "
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"ãå ãããã¾ããããããããã®ããã°ã©ã
ãåå¨ããçç±ã¯ããã ãã§ã¯ãªãã®ã§"
"ãã"
-#. type: Content of: <h3>
+#. type: Content of: <div><h3>
msgid "Unexpected developments"
msgstr "äºæ³ãè¶
ããçºå±"
-#. type: Content of: <p>
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msgid ""
"At the beginning of the GNU Project, I imagined that we would develop the "
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"GNUããã¸ã§ã¯ãã®å½åã¯ãGNUã·ã¹ãã å
¨é¨ãä½ãä¸ãããããå
¨ä½ããªãªã¼ã¹ãã"
"ã¨èãã¦ãã¾ããããããå®éã«ã¯ããã¯ãªãã¾ããã§ããã"
-#. type: Content of: <p>
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msgid ""
"Since each component of the GNU system was implemented on a Unix system, "
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"移æ¤ãããããããã«ãªãã¾ãããUnixã®æ§ã
ãªéäºæã®çããæã«ã¯ä»ã®ã·ã¹ãã "
"ã«ãã§ãã"
-#. type: Content of: <p>
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msgid ""
"The process made these programs much more powerful, and attracted both funds "
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"ã³ãã¼ãã³ãã次ã
ã¨æ¸ããããããããã®ç§»æ¤ãä¿å®ããããæ¢åã®ã³ã³ãã¼ãã³"
"ãã«ããã«æ©è½ãå
ããããããã¨ã«æéãåãããããã«ãªã£ãããã§ãã"
-#. type: Content of: <h3>
+#. type: Content of: <div><h3>
msgid "The GNU Hurd"
msgstr "GNU Hurd"
-#. type: Content of: <p>
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msgid ""
"By 1990, the GNU system was almost complete; the only major missing "
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GNUs”)ã§ããéçºã®éå§ã¯Machãç´æãããããã«èªç±ã½ããã¦ã§"
"ã¢ã¨ãã¦ãªãªã¼ã¹ãããã®ãå¾
ã£ã¦ããããé
ãã¾ããã"
-#. type: Content of: <p>
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msgid ""
"One reason for choosing this design was to avoid what seemed to be the "
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"ã¬ããã®ãµã¼ãã¯ãããã°ããã®ãé常ã«å°é£ãªãã®ã
ã¨ãããã¨ãå¤æãã¾ããã"
"Hurdãå®å®ãã¦ç¨¼åãããã®ã¯ä½å¹´ãå
ã«ã¾ã§å¼ã延ã°ããã¦ãã¾ã£ãã®ã§ãã"
-#. type: Content of: <h3>
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msgid "Alix"
msgstr "Alix"
-#. type: Content of: <p>
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msgid ""
"The GNU kernel was not originally supposed to be called the Hurd. Its "
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"ããã"
-#. type: Content of: <p>
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msgid ""
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"å®ç¾©ãã¾ããã"
-#. type: Content of: <p>
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msgid ""
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-#. type: Content of: <p>
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msgid ""
"But before these things happened, a friend of hers came across the name Alix "
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ã«ã¼ãã«ãè¦ã¤ããæ©ä¼ãã"
"彼女ã«ã¯ããããã«ãã£ãã®ã§ãã"
-#. type: Content of: <h3>
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msgid "Linux and GNU/Linux"
msgstr "Linuxã¨GNU/Linux"
-#. type: Content of: <p>
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msgid ""
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"ãå¼ãèµ·ããã¦ãã¾ããããã¦ã解æ³ããããã©ããæããã§ã¯ããã¾ããã"
-#. type: Content of: <p>
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msgid ""
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ä»"
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ã®ä¸ã¤ã®çãå®éã«èµ°ããããã¨ãåºæ¥ãã®ã¯Linuxã®ãããã§ãã"
-#. type: Content of: <p>
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+#| msgid ""
+#| "We call this system version <a href=\"/gnu/linux-and-gnu.html\"> GNU/"
+#| "Linux</a>, to express its composition as a combination of the GNU system "
+#| "with Linux as the kernel. Please don't fall into the practice of calling "
+#| "the whole system “Linux”, since that means attributing our "
+#| "work to someone else. Please <a href=\"/gnu/gnu-linux-faq.html\"> give "
+#| "us equal mention</a>."
msgid ""
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msgstr ""
"ããããã¡ã¯ãã®ã·ã¹ãã ã®çã<a
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"ãã¦ãã ããã"
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msgid "Challenges in our future"
msgstr "ããããã®ææ¦"
-#. type: Content of: <p>
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msgid ""
"We have proved our ability to develop a broad spectrum of free software. "
"This does not mean we are invincible and unstoppable. Several challenges "
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-#. type: Content of: <p>
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msgid "The following four sections discuss these challenges."
msgstr "次ã®åã¤ã®ç«
ã§ãã®ææ¦èª²é¡ã«ã¤ãã¦è¦ã¦ããã¾ãããã"
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msgid "Secret hardware"
msgstr "éé示ã®ãã¼ãã¦ã§ã¢"
-#. type: Content of: <p>
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msgid ""
"Hardware manufacturers increasingly tend to keep hardware specifications "
"secret. This makes it difficult to write free drivers so that Linux and "
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"ãã®ãé£ãããªã£ã¦ãã¾ããä»ã¯å®æãããèªç±ã®ã·ã¹ãã
ãããã¾ããã次ã®ã³ã³"
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çããªã·ã¼ã
ã¨ãããã¨ã«ãªã£ã¦ããã¾ãã"
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+#| msgid ""
+#| "Reverse engineering is a big job; will we have programmers with "
+#| "sufficient determination to undertake it? Yes—if we have built up a "
+#| "strong feeling that free software is a matter of principle, and nonfree "
+#| "drivers are intolerable. And will large numbers of us spend extra money, "
+#| "or even a little extra time, so we can use free drivers? Yes, if the "
+#| "determination to have freedom is widespread."
msgid ""
"Reverse engineering is a big job; will we have programmers with sufficient "
"determination to undertake it? Yes—if we have built up a strong "
"feeling that free software is a matter of principle, and nonfree drivers are "
"intolerable. And will large numbers of us spend extra money, or even a "
"little extra time, so we can use free drivers? Yes, if the determination to "
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ããã¾ããèªç±ã½ããã¦ã§ã¢ã¨ã¯å"
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¥æã§ãããã©ããããåé¡ã§ãã)"
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msgid "Nonfree libraries"
msgstr "ä¸èªç±ãªã©ã¤ãã©ãª"
-#. type: Content of: <p>
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msgid ""
"A nonfree library that runs on free operating systems acts as a trap for "
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ã¸ã¨ãã³ãå¯ãããããã"
"ããã¾ããã"
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msgid ""
"Between 1996 and 1998, another nonfree <abbr title=\"Graphical User Interface"
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"abbr>ã«ä½¿ããããã¨ãããã¾ããã"
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ãããã®ä¸ã«åé¡ãå«ã¾ãã¦ãããã¨ãæããã«ãããªãã¾ã¾ã«ãªã£ã¦ãã¾ãã¾ã"
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ã¯å³ãããªãã¾ããã"
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è¦ã¨ããªããã¨ãªã®ã§ãã"
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+#| "In November 1998, the developers of Qt announced a change of license "
+#| "which, when carried out, should make Qt free software. There is no way "
+#| "to be sure, but I think that this was partly due to the community's firm "
+#| "response to the problem that Qt posed when it was nonfree. (The new "
+#| "license is inconvenient and inequitable, so it remains desirable to avoid "
+#| "using Qt.)"
msgid ""
"In November 1998, the developers of Qt announced a change of license which, "
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"problem that Qt posed when it was nonfree. (The new license is inconvenient "
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ã¯ã©ã¤ã»ã³ã¹ãå¤æ´ãããããçºå¹ãããã°Qtã¯èªç±ã½ã"
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GPLã®ä¸ã§ãªãªã¼ã¹ãããããã«ãããã®åé¡ã¯æ¬è³ªç"
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"ã¦ãã¾ãã"
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msgid "Software patents"
msgstr "ã½ããã¦ã§ã¢ç¹è¨±"
-#. type: Content of: <p>
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+#| msgid ""
+#| "The worst threat we face comes from software patents, which can put "
+#| "algorithms and features off limits to free software for up to twenty "
+#| "years. The LZW compression algorithm patents were applied for in 1983, "
+#| "and we still cannot release free software to produce proper compressed "
+#| "<abbr title=\"Graphics Interchange Format\">GIF</abbr>s. [As of 2009 "
+#| "they have expired.] In 1998, a free program to produce <abbr title="
+#| "\"MPEG-1 Audio Layer 3\">MP3</abbr> compressed audio was removed from "
+#| "distribution under threat of a patent suit. [As of 2017, these patents "
+#| "have expired. Look how long we had to wait.]"
msgid ""
"The worst threat we face comes from software patents, which can put "
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+"a> In 1998, a free program to produce <abbr title=\"MPEG-1 Audio Layer "
+"3\">MP3</abbr> compressed audio was removed from distribution under threat "
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å¨ã¯ãã½ããã¦ã§ã¢ç¹è¨±ããçãããã®"
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ããªããã°ãªããªããã]"
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æ©ã®å¾ãç¹è¨±ã¯å¤±å¹ãã¾ããããã"
"ã¾ã§ã©ããã¾ãã?"
-#. type: Content of: <p>
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msgid ""
"Those of us who value free software for freedom's sake will stay with free "
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"ã¤ãã¦è©±ãã¹ããªã®ã§ãã"
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msgid "Free documentation"
msgstr "èªç±ãªããã¥ã¡ã³ãã¼ã·ã§ã³"
-#. type: Content of: <p>
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msgid ""
"The biggest deficiency in our free operating systems is not in the "
"software—it is the lack of good free manuals that we can include in "
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é¥ã¨ãªã£ã¦ãã¾ãã¾ããä»æ¥ããã®"
"æã®æ¬ é¥ãããããããã®ã§ãã"
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msgid ""
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ã®ããããã³ãã¼ã«å梱ã§ããããã«ããªã³ã©ã¤ã³"
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å¸(åç¨è²©å£²ãå«ã)ã許å¯ããã¦ããªããã°ãªãã¾ããã"
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msgid ""
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ãå¤æ´ãã許"
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è¦ã¨ãªã£ã¦ãã¾ãã¾ãã"
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"ã§ãã"
-#. type: Content of: <h3>
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msgid "We must talk about freedom"
msgstr "ä»ããèªç±ã«ã¤ãã¦è©±ããªããã°ãªãã¾ãã"
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+#| msgid ""
+#| "Estimates today are that there are ten million users of GNU/Linux systems "
+#| "such as Debian GNU/Linux and Red Hat “Linux”. Free software "
+#| "has developed such practical advantages that users are flocking to it for "
+#| "purely practical reasons."
msgid ""
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msgstr ""
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ã¯ä¸åä¸äººã«ä¸ãã¾ããèªç±ã½ããã¦ã§ã¢ã¯å©ç¨è
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msgid "“Open Source”"
msgstr "ããªã¼ãã³ã½ã¼ã¹ã"
-#. type: Content of: <p>
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msgid ""
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msgid ""
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"ãããããã¨ããã®æã®è£½åã®åºåãæã¤ã®ã§ãããã?"
-#. type: Content of: <p>
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-#. type: Content of: <p>
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+#| "“Free software” and “open source” describe the "
+#| "same category of software, more or less, but say different things about "
+#| "the software, and about values. The GNU Project continues to use the "
+#| "term “free software”, to express the idea that freedom, not "
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msgid ""
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"technology, is important."
msgstr ""
"ãèªç±ã½ããã¦ã§ã¢ãã¨ããªã¼ãã³ã½ã¼ã¹ãã¯ãå¤ããå°ãªãããåãã½ããã¦ã§ã¢"
@@ -2111,11 +2204,11 @@
"GNUããã¸ã§ã¯ãã¯ãèªç±ã½ããã¦ã§ã¢ãã¨ããè¨èã使ãç¶ãã¾ãããã
æè¡çãªã"
"ã¨ã表ãã®ã§ã¯ãªããèªç±ã¨ããç念ã表ç¾ãããã¨ãéè¦ã
ããã§ãã"
-#. type: Content of: <h3>
+#. type: Content of: <div><h3>
msgid "Try!"
msgstr "ãã£ã¦ã¿ãã!"
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"Yoda's aphorism (“There is no ‘try’”) sounds neat, "
"but it doesn't work for me. I have done most of my work while anxious about "
@@ -2131,7 +2224,7 @@
"ã«ã¯ããããããã¾ããã§ãããããèªåã§ãé©ãããã¨ã«ãæã«ã¯æåããããã"
"ãã¨ã ã£ã¦ããã¾ããã"
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"Sometimes I failed; some of my cities have fallen. Then I found another "
"threatened city, and got ready for another battle. Over time, I've learned "
@@ -2143,7 +2236,7 @@
"ã身ããã®è
å¨ã¨èªåã®è¡ã¨ã®éã«æãåºããä»ã®ããã«ã¼ãã¡ã«ãã£ã¡ã«æ¥ã¦ä¸ç·"
"ã«ãããã¨å¼ã³æãã¦ããã®ã§ãã"
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"Nowadays, often I'm not the only one. It is a relief and a joy when I see a "
"regiment of hackers digging in to hold the line, and I realize, this city "
@@ -2160,6 +2253,190 @@
"ã§ããå½ç¶ã®ãã¨ã
ã¨æã£ã¦ã¯ãããªãã®ã§ã!èªåã®èªç±ãå®ãããã®ãªããããã"
"å®ãåãããã¦ãããªããã°ããã¾ããã"
+#. type: Content of: <div><h3>
+msgid "Footnotes"
+msgstr "è注"
+
+#. type: Content of: <div><ol><li>
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "(1) The use of “hacker” to mean “security "
+#| "breaker” is a confusion on the part of the mass media. We hackers "
+#| "refuse to recognize that meaning, and continue using the word to mean "
+#| "someone who loves to program, someone who enjoys playful cleverness, or "
+#| "the combination of the two. See my article, <a href=\"http://stallman.";
+#| "org/articles/on-hacking.html\">On Hacking</a>."
+msgid ""
+"The use of “hacker” to mean “security breaker” is a "
+"confusion on the part of the mass media. We hackers refuse to recognize "
+"that meaning, and continue using the word to mean someone who loves to "
+"program, someone who enjoys playful cleverness, or the combination of the "
+"two. See my article, “<a href=\"https://stallman.org/articles/on-";
+"hacking.html\">On Hacking</a>.”"
+msgstr ""
+"(1)ãããã«ã¼ãã¨ããç¨èªããã»ãã¥ãªãã£ç
´ããã®æå³ã§ä½¿ãã®ã¯ä¸é¨ã®ãã¹ã¡"
+"ãã£ã¢ã®æ··åã§ããããããã¡ããã«ã¼ã¯ãã®ãããªæå³ã決ãã¦èªãã¾ããããã"
+"ã¦ãããã°ã©ã
ããããã¨ã大好ããªäººããã¡ãããªæ©å·§ã楽ãã人ããããã¯ãã®"
+"äºã¤ã®çµã¿åãããã¨ããæå³ã§ãã®è¨èã使ãç¶ãã¾ãããããã®è«èª¬ã<a
href="
+"\"http://stallman.org/articles/on-hacking.html\";>ãããã³ã°ã«ã¤ãã¦</a>ãã覧"
+"ãã ããã"
+
+#. type: Content of: <div><ol><li>
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "(1) As an Atheist, I don't follow any religious leaders, but I sometimes "
+#| "find I admire something one of them has said."
+msgid ""
+"As an Atheist, I don't follow any religious leaders, but I sometimes find I "
+"admire something one of them has said."
+msgstr ""
+"(1) ç¡ç¥è«è
ã¨ãã¦ããããã¯ã©ã®å®ææå°è
ãä¿¡å¿ãã¦ãã¾ããããã¨ãããå½¼ã"
+"ã®èª°ãã®è¨èã«ä½ãããæ¬æãããã®ããããã¨ã«æ°ä»ãã¾ãã"
+
+#. type: Content of: <div><ol><li>
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "(1) In 1984 or 1985, Don Hopkins (a very imaginative fellow) mailed me a "
+#| "letter. On the envelope he had written several amusing sayings, "
+#| "including this one: “Copyleft—all rights reversed.” I "
+#| "used the word “copyleft” to name the distribution concept I "
+#| "was developing at the time."
+msgid ""
+"In 1984 or 1985, Don Hopkins (a very imaginative fellow) mailed me a "
+"letter. <a href=\"/graphics/copyleft-sticker.html\">On the envelope</a> he "
+"had written several amusing sayings, including this one: “"
+"Copyleft—all rights reversed.” I used the word “"
+"copyleft” to name the distribution concept I was developing at the "
+"time."
+msgstr ""
+"(1)
1984å¹´ã1985å¹´ã«ããã³ã»ãããã³ã¹(ããªãã®æ³ååã®æã¡ä¸»ã§ã)ããããã«"
+"æç´ãéã£ã¦ããã¾ãããå°çã«ããã¤ãæå¿«ãªãã¨ãæ¸ããã¦ããããã®å
ã®ã²ã¨"
+"ã¤ã“Copyleft—all rights reversed.”ã
ã£ãã®ã§ããå½æãé
å¸"
+"ã®ã³ã³ã»ããã«ã¤ãã¦èãã¦ãããããã¯ããã®ãã³ãã¼ã¬ãããã¨ããè¨èããã®"
+"ååã«ãããã¨ã«ããã®ã§ãã"
+
+#. type: Content of: <div><ol><li>
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "(2) We now use the <a href=\"/licenses/fdl.html\">GNU Free Documentation "
+#| "License</a> for documentation."
+msgid ""
+"We now use the <a href=\"/licenses/fdl.html\">GNU Free Documentation "
+"License</a> for documentation."
+msgstr ""
+"(2) ããããã¡ã¯ä»ã¯<a
href=\"/licenses/fdl.html\">GNUèªç±ææ¸ã©ã¤ã»ã³ã¹</a>"
+"ãææ¸ã«ä½¿ã£ã¦ãã¾ãã"
+
+#. type: Content of: <div><ol><li>
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "(1) “Bourne Again Shell” is a play on the name “Bourne "
+#| "Shell”, which was the usual shell on Unix."
+msgid ""
+"“Bourne Again Shell” is a play on the name “Bourne Shell,"
+"” which was the usual shell on Unix."
+msgstr ""
+"(1) “Bourne again
Shell”ã¯Unixã§æ¨æºçã«ä½¿ããã“Bourne "
+"Shell”ã®ååã«ã²ã£ãããè¨èéã³ã§ãã"
+
+#. type: Content of: <div><ol><li>
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "(1) That was written in 1998. In 2009 we no longer maintain a long task "
+#| "list. The community develops free software so fast that we can't even "
+#| "keep track of it all. Instead, we have a list of High Priority Projects, "
+#| "a much shorter list of projects we really want to encourage people to "
+#| "write."
+msgid ""
+"That was written in 1998. In 2009 we no longer maintain a long task list. "
+"The community develops free software so fast that we can't even keep track "
+"of it all. Instead, we have a list of High Priority Projects, a much "
+"shorter list of projects we really want to encourage people to write."
+msgstr ""
+"(1)
ããã¯1998å¹´ã«æ¸ããã¾ããã2009å¹´ãããããã¡ã¯ããã¯ãé·ãã¿ã¹ã¯ãªã¹ã"
+"ãä¿å®ãã¦ãã¾ãããã³ãã¥ããã£ã¯èªç±ã½ããã¦ã§ã¢ãè¿
éã«éçºããããããã¡"
+"ã¯ãã¹ã¦ã追跡ãããã¨ã¯ãã¯ãã§ãã¾ããããã®ä»£ããã«ãããããã¡ã¯ãåªå
度"
+"ã®é«ãããã¸ã§ã¯ãã®ãªã¹ããæã¤ããã«ãªãã¾ããã人ã
ã«æ¬å½ã«éçºãã¦ããã"
+"ããããã¸ã§ã¯ãã®çããªã¹ãã§ãã"
+
+#. type: Content of: <div><ol><li>
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "(1) This license is now called the GNU Lesser General Public License, to "
+#| "avoid giving the idea that all libraries ought to use it. See <a href=\"/"
+#| "philosophy/why-not-lgpl.html\">Why you shouldn't use the Lesser GPL for "
+#| "your next library</a> for more information."
+msgid ""
+"This license is now called the GNU Lesser General Public License, to avoid "
+"giving the idea that all libraries ought to use it. See <a href=\"/"
+"philosophy/why-not-lgpl.html\">Why you shouldn't use the Lesser GPL for your "
+"next library</a> for more information."
+msgstr ""
+"(1) ãã®ã©ã¤ã»ã³ã¹ã¯ä»ã¯GNUå£çä¸è¬å
¬è¡ã©ã¤ã»ã³ã¹ã¨å¼ã°ãã¾ãããã¹ã¦ã®ã©ã¤ã"
+"ã©ãªãããã使ãã¹ãã¨ããèãããããããã«ãã®ååã¨ãªãã¾ããã<a
href=\"/"
+"philosophy/why-not-lgpl.html\">次ã®ã©ã¤ãã©ãªã«å£çGPLã使ãã¹ãã§ãªãçç±</"
+"a>ã«ãã詳ããè¿°ã¹ããã¦ãã¾ãã"
+
+#. type: Content of: <div><ol><li>
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "(2008 note: this issue extends to the BIOS as well. There is a free "
+#| "BIOS, <a href=\"http://www.libreboot.org/\";>LibreBoot</a> (a distribution "
+#| "of coreboot); the problem is getting specs for machines so that LibreBoot "
+#| "can support them without nonfree “blobs”.)"
+msgid ""
+"2008 note: this issue extends to the BIOS as well. There is a free BIOS, <a "
+"href=\"https://libreboot.org/\";>LibreBoot</a> (a distribution of coreboot); "
+"the problem is getting specs for machines so that LibreBoot can support them "
+"without nonfree “blobs.”"
+msgstr ""
+"(2008年追è¨:
ãã®åé¡ã¯BIOSã«ãåæ§ã«æ¡å¼µããã¾ããèªç±ãªBIOSã<a href="
+"\"http://www.libreboot.org/\";>LibreBoot</a>(corebootã®ä¸ã¤ã®ãã£ã¹ããªãã¥ã¼"
+"ã·ã§ã³)ãããã¾ããLibreBootãä¸èªç±ãªããããããªãã§ãµãã¼ãã§ããããã«ã"
+"ãã·ã³ã®ä»æ§ãå
¥æã§ãããã©ããããåé¡ã§ãã)"
+
+#. type: Content of: <div><ol><li>
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "[Subsequent note: in September 2000, Qt was rereleased under the GNU GPL, "
+#| "which essentially solved this problem.]"
+msgid ""
+"In September 2000, Qt was rereleased under the GNU GPL, which essentially "
+"solved this problem."
+msgstr ""
+"[追è¨: 2000å¹´ã®9æã«Qtã¯GNU
GPLã®ä¸ã§ãªãªã¼ã¹ãããããã«ãããã®åé¡ã¯æ¬è³ªç"
+"ã«è§£æ±ºããã¾ããã]"
+
+#. type: Content of: <div><ol><li>
+msgid "As of 2009, the GIF patents have expired."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <div><ol><li>
+msgid ""
+"As of 2017, the MP3 patents have expired. Look how long we had to wait."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <div><div><p>
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "Originally published in the book <em>Open Sources</em>. Richard Stallman "
+#| "was <a href=\"/philosophy/open-source-misses-the-point.html\"> never a "
+#| "supporter of “open source”</a>, but contributed this article "
+#| "so that the ideas of the free software movement would not be entirely "
+#| "absent from that book."
+msgid ""
+"Originally published in the book <cite>Open Sources</cite>. Richard "
+"Stallman was <a href=\"/philosophy/open-source-misses-the-point.html\"> "
+"never a supporter of “open source”</a>, but contributed this "
+"article so that the ideas of the free software movement would not be "
+"entirely absent from that book."
+msgstr ""
+"ãã®ãªãªã¸ãã«ã¯ãæ¸ç±<em>ãªã¼ãã³ã½ã¼ã¹ã½ããã¦ã§ã¢</em>(é¦é¡)ã«æ²è¼ããã¾ã"
+"ãããªãã£ã¼ãã»ã¹ãã¼ã«ãã³ã¯<a
href=\"/philosophy/open-source-misses-the-"
+"point.html\">“ãªã¼ãã³ã½ã¼ã¹”ã®æ¯æè
ã§ã¯æ±ºãã¦ããã¾ãã</a>ãã"
+"èªç±ã½ããã¦ã§ã¢éåã®èãããã®æ¸ç±ããã¾ã£ãããªããªããã¨ããªãããã«ãã"
+"ã®å°è«ãå¯ç¨¿ãã¾ããã"
+
#. TRANSLATORS: Use space (SPC) as msgstr if you don't have notes.
#. type: Content of: <div>
msgid "*GNUN-SLOT: TRANSLATOR'S NOTES*"
@@ -2185,26 +2462,30 @@
#. Please send your comments and general suggestions in this regard
#. to <a href="mailto:web-translators@gnu.org";>
#. <web-translators@gnu.org></a>.</p>
-#. <p>For information on coordinating and submitting translations of
+#. <p>For information on coordinating and contributing translations of
#. our web pages, see <a
#. href="/server/standards/README.translations.html">Translations
#. README</a>.
#. type: Content of: <div><div><p>
msgid ""
"Please see the <a href=\"/server/standards/README.translations.html"
-"\">Translations README</a> for information on coordinating and submitting "
+"\">Translations README</a> for information on coordinating and contributing "
"translations of this article."
msgstr ""
"æ£ç¢ºã§è¯ãå質ã®ç¿»è¨³ãæä¾ããããåªåãã¦ãã¾ãããä¸å®å
¨ãªå ´åããããã¨æ"
"ãã¾ãã翻訳ã«é¢ããã³ã¡ã³ãã¨ææ¡ã¯ã<a
href=\"mailto:web-translators@gnu.";
"org\"><web-translators@gnu.org></a>ã«ãããããã¾ãã</p><p>ããããã¡"
-"ã®ã¦ã§ããã¼ã¸ã®ç¿»è¨³ã®èª¿æ´ã¨æåºã«ã¤ãã¦ã¯ã<a
href=\"/server/standards/"
+"ã®ã¦ã§ããã¼ã¸ã®ç¿»è¨³ã®èª¿æ´ã¨è²¢ç®ã«ã¤ãã¦ã¯ã<a
href=\"/server/standards/"
"README.translations.html\">翻訳 README</a>ãã覧ãã ããã"
#. type: Content of: <div><p>
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "Copyright © 1998, 2001, 2002, 2005, 2006, 2007, 2008, 2010, 2014, "
+#| "2015, 2017, 2018, 2020 Richard Stallman"
msgid ""
-"Copyright © 1998, 2001, 2002, 2005, 2006, 2007, 2008, 2010, 2014, 2015, "
-"2017, 2018, 2020 Richard Stallman"
+"Copyright © 1998, 2005, 2008, 2010, 2012, 2015, 2017, 2018, 2021 "
+"Richard Stallman"
msgstr ""
"Copyright © 1998, 2001, 2002, 2005, 2006, 2007, 2008, 2010, 2014, 2015, "
"2017, 2018, 2020 Richard Stallman"
@@ -2229,10 +2510,9 @@
msgid "Updated:"
msgstr "æçµæ´æ°:"
-#. type: Content of: <div><p>
-msgid ""
-"Copyright © 1998, 2001, 2002, 2005, 2006, 2007, 2008, 2010, 2014, 2015, "
-"2017, 2018, 2020, 2021 Richard Stallman"
-msgstr ""
-"Copyright © 1998, 2001, 2002, 2005, 2006, 2007, 2008, 2010, 2014, 2015, "
-"2017, 2018, 2020, 2021 Richard Stallman"
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "Copyright © 1998, 2001, 2002, 2005, 2006, 2007, 2008, 2010, 2014, "
+#~ "2015, 2017, 2018, 2020, 2021 Richard Stallman"
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "Copyright © 1998, 2001, 2002, 2005, 2006, 2007, 2008, 2010, 2014, "
+#~ "2015, 2017, 2018, 2020, 2021 Richard Stallman"
Index: thegnuproject.ko.po
===================================================================
RCS file: /web/www/www/gnu/po/thegnuproject.ko.po,v
retrieving revision 1.6
retrieving revision 1.7
diff -u -b -r1.6 -r1.7
--- thegnuproject.ko.po 12 Jul 2020 02:30:00 -0000 1.6
+++ thegnuproject.ko.po 24 Oct 2021 07:31:38 -0000 1.7
@@ -10,7 +10,7 @@
msgid ""
msgstr ""
"Project-Id-Version: thegnuproject.html\n"
-"POT-Creation-Date: 2020-07-12 02:25+0000\n"
+"POT-Creation-Date: 2021-10-24 07:25+0000\n"
"PO-Revision-Date: \n"
"Last-Translator: Thérèse Godefroy <godef.th AT free.fr>\n"
"Language-Team: web-translators <web-translators@gnu.org>\n"
@@ -31,44 +31,22 @@
msgid "GNU, GNU Project, FSF, Free Software, Free Software Foundation, History"
msgstr ""
-#. type: Content of: <h2>
+#. type: Content of: <div><h2>
msgid "The GNU Project"
msgstr "GNU íë¡ì í¸"
-#. type: Content of: <p>
-msgid ""
-"by <a href=\"http://www.stallman.org/\";><strong>Richard Stallman</strong></a>"
-msgstr ""
-"ê¸: <a href=\"http://www.stallman.org/\";><strong>리ì²ë
ì¤í¨ë¨¼</strong></a>"
-
-#. type: Content of: <blockquote><p>
-# | Originally published in the book <em>Open Sources</em>. {+Richard
-# | Stallman was <a href=\"/philosophy/open-source-misses-the-point.html\">
-# | never a supporter of “open source”</a>, but contributed this
-# | article so that the ideas of the free software movement would not be
-# | entirely absent from that book.+}
+#. type: Content of: <div><address>
+# || No change detected. The change might only be in amounts of spaces.
#, fuzzy
-#| msgid "Originally published in the book <em>Open Sources</em>."
-msgid ""
-"Originally published in the book <em>Open Sources</em>. Richard Stallman "
-"was <a href=\"/philosophy/open-source-misses-the-point.html\"> never a "
-"supporter of “open source”</a>, but contributed this article so "
-"that the ideas of the free software movement would not be entirely absent "
-"from that book."
-msgstr ""
-"ì´ ê¸ì ì²ìì “ì¤í ì줔ë¼ë ì±
ì í¬í¨ëì´
ì¶íëìë ê²ì
ëë¤."
+#| msgid "by <a href=\"https://www.stallman.org/\";>Richard Stallman</a>"
+msgid "by <a href=\"https://www.stallman.org/\";>Richard Stallman</a>"
+msgstr "ê¸: <a href=\"https://www.stallman.org/\";>리ì²ë ì¤í¨ë¨¼</a>"
-#. type: Content of: <blockquote><p>
-msgid ""
-"Why it is even more important than ever <a href=\"/philosophy/free-software-"
-"even-more-important.html\">to insist that the software we use be free</a>."
-msgstr ""
-
-#. type: Content of: <h3>
+#. type: Content of: <div><h3>
msgid "The first software-sharing community"
msgstr "ìíí¸ì¨ì´ë¥¼ ê³µì íë ìµì´ì ê³µëì²´"
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"When I started working at the <abbr title=\"Massachusetts Institute of "
"Technology\">MIT</abbr> Artificial Intelligence Lab in 1971, I became part "
@@ -85,15 +63,32 @@
"ë ì¤ëë ê²ì´ìë¤. ê·¸ë¬ë ì°ë¦¬ë¤ì ìíí¸ì¨ì´ë¥¼ ê³µì
í´ ëê°ë ëì± ì´ìì ì¸ "
"ì°ë¦¬ë¤ë§ì ê³µë체를 MITìì ë§ë¤ì´ ëê°ë¤."
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
+# | The AI Lab used a timesharing operating system called <abbr
+# | title=\"Incompatible Timesharing System\">ITS</abbr> (the Incompatible
+# | Timesharing System) that the lab's staff [-hackers (1)-]
+# | {+hackers <a href=\"#ft1\">[1]</a>+} had designed and written in
+# | assembler language for the Digital <abbr title=\"Programmed Data
+# | Processor\">PDP</abbr>-10, one of the large computers of the era. As a
+# | member of this community, an AI Lab staff system hacker, my job was to
+# | improve this system.
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "The AI Lab used a timesharing operating system called <abbr title="
+#| "\"Incompatible Timesharing System\">ITS</abbr> (the Incompatible "
+#| "Timesharing System) that the lab's staff hackers (1) had designed and "
+#| "written in assembler language for the Digital <abbr title=\"Programmed "
+#| "Data Processor\">PDP</abbr>-10, one of the large computers of the era. "
+#| "As a member of this community, an AI Lab staff system hacker, my job was "
+#| "to improve this system."
msgid ""
"The AI Lab used a timesharing operating system called <abbr title="
"\"Incompatible Timesharing System\">ITS</abbr> (the Incompatible Timesharing "
-"System) that the lab's staff hackers (1) had designed and written in "
-"assembler language for the Digital <abbr title=\"Programmed Data Processor"
-"\">PDP</abbr>-10, one of the large computers of the era. As a member of "
-"this community, an AI Lab staff system hacker, my job was to improve this "
-"system."
+"System) that the lab's staff hackers <a href=\"#ft1\">[1]</a> had "
+"designed and written in assembler language for the Digital <abbr title="
+"\"Programmed Data Processor\">PDP</abbr>-10, one of the large computers of "
+"the era. As a member of this community, an AI Lab staff system hacker, my "
+"job was to improve this system."
msgstr ""
"ì¸ê³µì§ë¥ ì°êµ¬ìììë <abbr title=\"Incompatible Timesharing
System\">ITS</"
"abbr> (Incompatible Time-sharing System)ë¼ê³ ë¶ë¦¬ë ìë¶í
(time-sharing) ì´ì"
@@ -104,9 +99,24 @@
"ë í´ì»¤ì ì¼ìì¼ë¡ì ëë ITS를 ë ëì ìì¤í
ì¼ë¡
ë§ëë ì¼ì ì¢
ì¬íê³ ìì"
"ë¤."
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
+# | We did not call our software “free [-software”,-]
+# | {+software,”+} because that term did not yet exist; but that is what
+# | it was. Whenever people from another university or a company wanted to
+# | port and use a program, we gladly let them. If you saw someone using an
+# | unfamiliar and interesting program, you could always ask to see the source
+# | code, so that you could read it, change it, or cannibalize parts of it to
+# | make a new program.
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "We did not call our software “free software”, because that "
+#| "term did not yet exist; but that is what it was. Whenever people from "
+#| "another university or a company wanted to port and use a program, we "
+#| "gladly let them. If you saw someone using an unfamiliar and interesting "
+#| "program, you could always ask to see the source code, so that you could "
+#| "read it, change it, or cannibalize parts of it to make a new program."
msgid ""
-"We did not call our software “free software”, because that term "
+"We did not call our software “free software,” because that term "
"did not yet exist; but that is what it was. Whenever people from another "
"university or a company wanted to port and use a program, we gladly let "
"them. If you saw someone using an unfamiliar and interesting program, you "
@@ -126,40 +136,17 @@
"í ìë¡ì´ íë¡ê·¸ë¨ì ë§ë¤ ì ìë ê°ë¥ì±ì´ ì¸ì ë ì§
ì´ë ¤ììë ê³µì ì ì ì ì´ "
"충ë§í ìì ì´ìë¤."
-#. type: Content of: <p>
-# | (1) The use of “hacker” to mean “security breaker”
-# | is a confusion on the part of the mass media. We hackers refuse to
-# | recognize that meaning, and continue using the word to [-mean,
-# | “Someone-] {+mean someone+} who loves to [-program and-] {+program,
-# | someone who+} enjoys [-being clever about it.”-] {+playful
-# | cleverness, or the combination of the two. See my article, <a
-# | href=\"http://stallman.org/articles/on-hacking.html\";>On Hacking</a>.+}
-#, fuzzy
-#| msgid ""
-#| "(1) The use of “hacker” to mean “security "
-#| "breaker” is a confusion on the part of the mass media. We hackers "
-#| "refuse to recognize that meaning, and continue using the word to mean, "
-#| "“Someone who loves to program and enjoys being clever about it."
-#| "”"
+#. type: Content of: <div><div><p>
msgid ""
-"(1) The use of “hacker” to mean “security breaker” "
-"is a confusion on the part of the mass media. We hackers refuse to "
-"recognize that meaning, and continue using the word to mean someone who "
-"loves to program, someone who enjoys playful cleverness, or the combination "
-"of the two. See my article, <a href=\"http://stallman.org/articles/on-";
-"hacking.html\">On Hacking</a>."
+"Why it is even more important than ever <a href=\"/philosophy/free-software-"
+"even-more-important.html\">to insist that the software we use be free</a>."
msgstr ""
-"(1) í´ì»¤ë¼ë ë¨ì´ê° ìì¤í
ì ë³´ìì ë«ê³ ë¤ì´ê°ì í´ì
í ì¼ì ì ì§ë¥´ë 침ë²ì"
-"ì ìë¯¸ë¡ ì¬ì©ëê³ ìë íì¬ì ê´íì ëì¤ ë§¤ì²´ì
ìí´ì ì¤ëë ê²½í¥ì´ í¬ë¤"
-"ê³ í ì ìë¤. ì°ë¦¬ í´ì»¤ë¤ì ì´ ë¨ì´ë¥¼ 침ë²ìë¼ë
ìë¯¸ê° ìë “íë¡ê·¸ë¨"
-"ì ë§ë¤ê¸° ì¢ìíê³ ë¥ìíê² ë¤ë£° ì ìë, ì¦ íë¡ê·¸ë¨
ì체를 ì¦ê¸°ë ì¬ë"
-"”ì´ë¼ë ìë¯¸ë¡ ì¬ì©íê³ ìë¤."
-#. type: Content of: <h3>
+#. type: Content of: <div><h3>
msgid "The collapse of the community"
msgstr "ê³µëì²´ì ë¶ê´´"
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"The situation changed drastically in the early 1980s when Digital "
"discontinued the PDP-10 series. Its architecture, elegant and powerful in "
@@ -174,15 +161,32 @@
"í´ììì¼°ëë°, PDP-10 ì리ì¦ì ë¨ì¢
ì ITS íê²½ìì
ë§ë¤ì´ì§ ê±°ì 모ë íë¡ê·¸ë¨"
"ë¤ì´ í¸íì±ì 문ì ë¡ ì¸í´ì ëì´ì ì¬ì©ë ì ìë¤ë
ê²ì ì미íë¤."
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
+# | The AI Lab hacker community had already collapsed, not long before. In
+# | 1981, the spin-off company Symbolics had hired away nearly all of the
+# | hackers from the AI Lab, and the depopulated community was unable to
+# | maintain itself. (The book [-Hackers,-] {+<cite>Hackers</cite>,+} by
+# | Steve Levy, describes these events, as well as giving a clear picture of
+# | this community in its prime.) When the AI Lab bought a new PDP-10 in
+# | 1982, its administrators decided to use Digital's nonfree timesharing
+# | system instead of ITS.
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "The AI Lab hacker community had already collapsed, not long before. In "
+#| "1981, the spin-off company Symbolics had hired away nearly all of the "
+#| "hackers from the AI Lab, and the depopulated community was unable to "
+#| "maintain itself. (The book Hackers, by Steve Levy, describes these "
+#| "events, as well as giving a clear picture of this community in its "
+#| "prime.) When the AI Lab bought a new PDP-10 in 1982, its administrators "
+#| "decided to use Digital's nonfree timesharing system instead of ITS."
msgid ""
"The AI Lab hacker community had already collapsed, not long before. In "
"1981, the spin-off company Symbolics had hired away nearly all of the "
"hackers from the AI Lab, and the depopulated community was unable to "
-"maintain itself. (The book Hackers, by Steve Levy, describes these events, "
-"as well as giving a clear picture of this community in its prime.) When the "
-"AI Lab bought a new PDP-10 in 1982, its administrators decided to use "
-"Digital's nonfree timesharing system instead of ITS."
+"maintain itself. (The book <cite>Hackers</cite>, by Steve Levy, describes "
+"these events, as well as giving a clear picture of this community in its "
+"prime.) When the AI Lab bought a new PDP-10 in 1982, its administrators "
+"decided to use Digital's nonfree timesharing system instead of ITS."
msgstr ""
"ì¸ê³µì§ë¥ ì°êµ¬ì를 ì¤ì¬ì¼ë¡ í í´ì»¤ë¤ì ê³µëì²´ë
PDP-10ê³¼ í¨ê» ë¶ê´´ë기 ììí´"
"ì 1981ë
ìë ì¸ê³µì§ë¥ ì°êµ¬ììì 근무íë ëë¶ë¶ì
í´ì»¤ë¤ì´ ì¤íì¤í(spin-"
@@ -197,7 +201,7 @@
"ìí기 ìí´ì ITSê° ìë DECì ì´ìì²´ì 를 ëì
íëë°ê¹ì§ ì´ë¥´ê² ëìë¤. 물"
"ë¡ , DECì ì´ìì²´ì ë ìì ì´ìì²´ì ê° ìëìë¤."
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"The modern computers of the era, such as the VAX or the 68020, had their own "
"operating systems, but none of them were free software: you had to sign a "
@@ -208,7 +212,7 @@
"리 ííì íë¡ê·¸ë¨ì ì¬ì©íê³ ì í ë ì¡°ì°¨ë ê´ë ¨
ìë£ë¥¼ ì ì¶íì§ ìê² ë¤ë ë¹"
"ê³µê° ê³ì½ ì¡°ê±´ì ëìí´ì¼ë§ íë¤."
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"This meant that the first step in using a computer was to promise not to "
"help your neighbor. A cooperating community was forbidden. The rule made "
@@ -223,7 +227,7 @@
"ì´ í´ì
í ê²ê³¼ ëì¼ì íë ¤ê³ íì¼ë©°, íë¡ê·¸ë¨ì ëí
ìì ì´ íìí ëë ê·¸ë¤"
"ìê² ì´ë¥¼ ìì²íëë¡ íë¤."
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"The idea that the proprietary software social system—the system that "
"says you are not allowed to share or change software—is antisocial, "
@@ -246,10 +250,10 @@
"íí¸ì¨ì´ ì ìì
ìë¤ì ìíí¸ì¨ì´ì ì íµ ííì ëí´ì
기존ì ë°©ìì´ ì ì¼í ë°©"
"ë²ì´ë¼ë ìê°ì ì¬ëë¤ìê² ê°ì¸ìí¤ê¸° ìí´ì ì¤ë«ëì
ë
¸ë ¥í´ ìë¤."
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
# | When software publishers talk about “enforcing” their
# | “rights” or “stopping [-piracy”,-] {+<a
-# | href=\"/philosophy/words-to-avoid.html#Piracy\">piracy</a>”,+} what
+# | href=\"/philosophy/words-to-avoid.html#Piracy\">piracy</a>,”+} what
# | they actually <em>say</em> is secondary. The real message of these
# | statements is in the unstated assumptions they take for [-granted;-]
# | {+granted, which+} the public is [-supposed-] {+asked+} to accept [-them
@@ -265,7 +269,7 @@
msgid ""
"When software publishers talk about “enforcing” their “"
"rights” or “stopping <a href=\"/philosophy/words-to-avoid."
-"html#Piracy\">piracy</a>”, what they actually <em>say</em> is "
+"html#Piracy\">piracy</a>,” what they actually <em>say</em> is "
"secondary. The real message of these statements is in the unstated "
"assumptions they take for granted, which the public is asked to accept "
"without examination. Let's therefore examine them."
@@ -275,7 +279,7 @@
"ê·¸ë¤ì´ ìëíë ì¨ê²¨ì§ ì§ìë ë²ë¥ ì ì´ê³ 과격í
ííì ì¬ì©í¨ì¼ë¡ì¨ ëì¤ë¤ë¡ "
"íì¬ê¸ ê·¸ë¤ì 주ì¥ì ë¹íìì´ ìì©íê² ë§ë¤ë ¤ë ë°
ìë¤."
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"One assumption is that software companies have an unquestionable natural "
"right to own software and thus have power over all its users. (If this were "
@@ -295,7 +299,7 @@
"ì¸ìì ì¼ë¡ ë¶ì¬í ë
ì ê¶ì ìí´ì ìíí¸ì¨ì´ë¥¼ ìì
ë¡ê² ë³µì í ì ìë ì¬ì©ì"
"ë¤ì ê¶ë¦¬ê° ì íë¹íê³ ìë¤ë ì ì´ë¤."
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"Another unstated assumption is that the only important thing about software "
"is what jobs it allows you to do—that we computer users should not "
@@ -312,7 +316,7 @@
"íí¸ì¨ì´ì ëí ì ì© ë²ìì ê³ ë ¤ì ëìì ì¬ì©ìë¤ì
ë§ë¨ê³¼ êµë¥ê° ìë ìì
"
"ê·¸ ìì²´ë¡ íì ìí¨ ê²ì´ë¤."
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"A third assumption is that we would have no usable software (or would never "
"have a program to do this or that particular job) if we did not offer a "
@@ -328,7 +332,7 @@
"ë ¥ ìê² ë¤ë¦´ ìë ìì§ë§ ìì ìíí¸ì¨ì´ ì´ëì´ êµ¬ìê³¼
íµì ê° ìë ë§ì ìì "
"ìì ìíí¸ì¨ì´ë¤ì ë§ë¤ì´ ëì¼ë¡ì¨ ê·¸ ì¤ë¥ë¥¼
ë¶ììí¬ ì ììë¤."
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"If we decline to accept these assumptions, and judge these issues based on "
"ordinary commonsense morality while placing the users first, we arrive at "
@@ -341,14 +345,15 @@
"ëë¤ì´ ìë¡ ëë ê²ì ì´ ì¬í를 ì§í±í´ ëê°ë ê·¼ê°ì´
ëë¯ë¡ ê²°êµ ì¬ì©ìë¤ì "
"ê·¸ë¤ì íìì ë°ë¼ì íë¡ê·¸ë¨ì ìì ë¡ê² ìì íê±°ë
ê³µì í ì ìë ê²ì´ë¤."
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
# | There is no room here for an extensive statement of the reasoning behind
-# | this conclusion, so I refer the reader to the web page[-,-]{+s+} <a
+# | this conclusion, so I refer the reader to [-the web page, <a
# | href=\"/philosophy/why-free.html\">
-# | [-http://www.gnu.org/philosophy/why-free.html</a>.-]
-# | {+http://www.gnu.org/philosophy/why-free.html</a> and <a
-# | href=\"/philosophy/free-software-even-more-important.html\">
-# | http://www.gnu.org/philosophy/free-software-even-more-important.html</a>.+}
+# | http://www.gnu.org/philosophy/why-free.html</a>.-] {+“<a
+# | href=\"/philosophy/why-free.html\">Why Software Should Not Have
+# | Owners</a>,” and “<a
+# | href=\"/philosophy/free-software-even-more-important.html\">Free Software
+# | Is Even More Important Now</a>.”+}
#, fuzzy
#| msgid ""
#| "There is no room here for an extensive statement of the reasoning behind "
@@ -357,21 +362,21 @@
#| "a>."
msgid ""
"There is no room here for an extensive statement of the reasoning behind "
-"this conclusion, so I refer the reader to the web pages <a href=\"/"
-"philosophy/why-free.html\"> http://www.gnu.org/philosophy/why-free.html</a> "
-"and <a href=\"/philosophy/free-software-even-more-important.html\"> http://";
-"www.gnu.org/philosophy/free-software-even-more-important.html</a>."
+"this conclusion, so I refer the reader to “<a href=\"/philosophy/why-"
+"free.html\">Why Software Should Not Have Owners</a>,” and “<a "
+"href=\"/philosophy/free-software-even-more-important.html\">Free Software Is "
+"Even More Important Now</a>.”"
msgstr ""
"ì´ë¬í ê²°ë¡ ì´ ëì¶ëë ë³´ë¤ ìë°í ì¶ë¡ ê³¼ì ì ì§ë©´
ê´ê³ì ìëµíê¸°ë¡ íë¤. "
"ê·¸ë¬ë GNU ííì´ì§ì ì¬ë ¤ì ¸ ìë <a
href=\"/philosophy/why-free.html"
"\">http://www.gnu.org/philosophy/why-free.html</a> 문ì를 íµí´ì ë³´ë¤
ìì¸í "
"ë´ì©ë¤ì ì°¸ê³ í ì ìì ê²ì´ë¤."
-#. type: Content of: <h3>
+#. type: Content of: <div><h3>
msgid "A stark moral choice"
msgstr "ëí¹í ëëì ì í"
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"With my community gone, to continue as before was impossible. Instead, I "
"faced a stark moral choice."
@@ -379,7 +384,7 @@
"ê³µëì²´ê° ì¬ë¼ì§ì ë°ë¼ì ì´ ê³µë체를 ìì ì²ë¼ ì§í±í´
ëê°ë ê²ì ë¶ê°ë¥íê³ , "
"ê·¸ëì ëë ëí¹í ëëì ì íì 기ë¡ì ìê² ëìë¤."
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"The easy choice was to join the proprietary software world, signing "
"nondisclosure agreements and promising not to help my fellow hacker. Most "
@@ -392,7 +397,7 @@
"ì ìíí¸ì¨ì´ ëí ë¹ê³µê° íì½ì ìí´ì ë°°í¬ëìì
ê²ì´ë¯ë¡ ë¤ë¥¸ ì¬ëë¤ì´ ê·¸"
"ë¤ì ëë£ë¥¼ ëì§ ëª»íëë¡ ê°ìíë ëíëì ìì¸ì´
ëìì ê²ì´ë¤."
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"I could have made money this way, and perhaps amused myself writing code. "
"But I knew that at the end of my career, I would look back on years of "
@@ -405,7 +410,7 @@
"ëí ì´ ì¸ìì ë³´ë¤ ëìê² ë§ë¤ì´ ìë¤ë ê²ì ëë¼ê² ë
ê²ì´ë¼ë ì ë ìê³ ì"
"ìë¤."
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"I had already experienced being on the receiving end of a nondisclosure "
"agreement, when someone refused to give me and the MIT AI Lab the source "
@@ -423,7 +428,7 @@
"ê³µì í기를 ê±°ë¶íì ë ëë ë§¤ì° ë¶ê°íì¼ë©°, ëë ê²°ì½
ê°ì ì§ì ë¤ë¥¸ ì¬ëë¤"
"ìê² íì§ ìê² ë¤ê³ ë¤ì§íë ê²ì´ë¤."
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"Another choice, straightforward but unpleasant, was to leave the computer "
"field. That way my skills would not be misused, but they would still be "
@@ -437,7 +442,7 @@
"ì§ì íì§ë ììì ê²ì´ë¯ë¡ ë´ê° ë¹ëì ëìì´ ëì§ë
ììê² ì§ë§, ê·¸ë¼ìë ë¶"
"구íê³ ê·¸ë¬í ì¼ë¤ì ê³ìí´ì ì¼ì´ë¬ì ê²ì´ë¤."
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"So I looked for a way that a programmer could do something for the good. I "
"asked myself, was there a program or programs that I could write, so as to "
@@ -447,7 +452,7 @@
"ê² ëìë¤. ëë ìê°íë¤. ê³µë체를 ë¤ì ë¶íìí¤ê¸°
ìí´ì ë´ê° ì§ì ë§ë¤ ì "
"ìë íë¡ê·¸ë¨ì´ ììê¹?"
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"The answer was clear: what was needed first was an operating system. That "
"is the crucial software for starting to use a computer. With an operating "
@@ -467,14 +472,15 @@
"ê³ì½ ì¡°ê±´ì 구ì ë°ì íìê° ìì´ì§ë¯ë¡ ì¹êµ¬ë¤ì ìì
를 침í´íì§ ìê³ ë ë구"
"ë ì»´í¨í°ë¥¼ ì¬ì©í ì ìê² ë ê²ì´ë¤."
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
# | As an operating system developer, I had the right skills for this job. So
# | even though I could not take success for granted, I realized that I was
# | elected to do the job. I chose to make the system compatible with Unix so
# | that it would be portable, and so that Unix users could easily switch to
# | it. The name GNU was chosen, following a hacker tradition, as a recursive
# | acronym for “GNU's Not Unix.” {+It is pronounced as <a
-# | href=\"/gnu/pronunciation.html\">one syllable with a hard g</a>.+}
+# | href=\"/gnu/pronunciation.html\">one syllable with a
+# | hard <i>g</i></a>.+}
#, fuzzy
#| msgid ""
#| "As an operating system developer, I had the right skills for this job. "
@@ -490,7 +496,7 @@
"that it would be portable, and so that Unix users could easily switch to "
"it. The name GNU was chosen, following a hacker tradition, as a recursive "
"acronym for “GNU's Not Unix.” It is pronounced as <a href=\"/gnu/"
-"pronunciation.html\">one syllable with a hard g</a>."
+"pronunciation.html\">one syllable with a hard <i>g</i></a>."
msgstr ""
"ì´ìì²´ì ì ê°ë°ìë¡ì ëë ì´ë¬í ìì
ì ì í©í 기ì
ì ê°ê³ ììë¤. ê·¸ëì ì±"
"ê³µíì§ ëª»í ê°ë¥ì±ì´ ìììë ë¶êµ¬íê³ ëë ì´ ì¼ì´
ëì ìëª
ì´ë¼ê³ ìê°íê² "
@@ -507,7 +513,7 @@
"기ë íì§ë§ ì ëì¤ìë ë¤ë¥¸ ì´ìì²´ì ë¼ë ì미를
ë´í¬ìí¤ê¸° ìí´ì ë§ë ì´ë¦ì´"
"ë¼ê³ í ì ìë¤."
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"An operating system does not mean just a kernel, barely enough to run other "
"programs. In the 1970s, every operating system worthy of the name included "
@@ -523,50 +529,43 @@
"ë¤ë ì´ë¬í íë¡ê·¸ë¨ë¤ì í¬í¨íê³ ììê³ , ë°ë¼ì ì´ì
ë¶í° ììë GNU ì´ìì²´ì "
"ìë ì´ë¬í íë¡ê·¸ë¨ë¤ì´ 모ë íìíë¤."
-#. type: Content of: <p>
-# | Later I heard these words, attributed to Hillel [-(1); the decision to
-# | start the GNU Project was based on a similar spirit.-] {+(1):+}
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
+# | Later I heard these words, attributed to [-Hillel (1); the decision to
+# | start the GNU Project was based on a similar spirit.-] {+Hillel <a
+# | href=\"#ft2\">[2]</a>:+}
#, fuzzy
#| msgid ""
#| "Later I heard these words, attributed to Hillel (1); the decision to "
#| "start the GNU Project was based on a similar spirit."
-msgid "Later I heard these words, attributed to Hillel (1):"
+msgid ""
+"Later I heard these words, attributed to Hillel <a href=\"#ft2\">[2]</"
+"a>:"
msgstr ""
"íë ëë ì ëêµì ëë¹ (2) íë (Hillel)ì´ ë§íë¤ë
ë¤ìê³¼ ê°ì ì ì¸ì ë£ê² "
"ëìëë°, GNU íë¡ì í¸ë¥¼ ììíê² ë ê²°ë¨ì ì´ë¬í ì ì
ê³¼ ì¼ë§¥ ìíµíë¤ê³ ë³¼ "
"ì ìë¤."
-#. type: Content of: <blockquote><p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><blockquote><p>
msgid "If I am not for myself, who will be for me?"
msgstr "ë´ê° ë´ ìì ì ìíì§ ëª»íë¤ë©´, ê·¸ ëê° ë를 ìí´
ì¤ ê²ì¸ê°?"
-#. type: Content of: <blockquote><p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><blockquote><p>
msgid "If I am only for myself, what am I?"
msgstr "ë´ê° ë´ ìì ë§ì ìíë¤ë©´, ì¨ì í ë ìì ì´ ë ì
ììê¹?"
-#. type: Content of: <blockquote><p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><blockquote><p>
msgid "If not now, when?"
msgstr "ë°ë¡ ì§ê¸ì´ ìëë¼ë©´, ê·¸ ì¸ì í ì ìì ê²ì¸ê°?"
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid "The decision to start the GNU Project was based on a similar spirit."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Content of: <p>
-msgid ""
-"(1) As an Atheist, I don't follow any religious leaders, but I sometimes "
-"find I admire something one of them has said."
-msgstr ""
-"(2) 무ì ë¡ ìë¡ì ëë ì´ë í ì¢
êµ ì§ëìë ë°ë¥´ì§
ìì§ë§, ëëë¡ ê·¸ë¤ì´ ë¨ê¸´ "
-"ê¸ì¸ì ë´ê° íë³µíê³ ìë¤ë ì¬ì¤ì 깨ë«ê³¤
íë¤.(<b>ìì주:</b> ìì ê¸ì¸ì í"
-"무ë í ë¼ì “ìëí ì¸ëª
ì ëë¹” ì¥ìì ì¸ì©ë
ê²ì¼ë¡, íë ì ì"
-"ì íìì ì ì¤ì¡´íë ì ë ëë¹ì ì´ë¦ì´ë¤.)"
-
-#. type: Content of: <h3>
+#. type: Content of: <div><h3>
msgid "Free as in freedom"
msgstr "구ìëì§ ìëë¤ë ê´ì ììì ìì "
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"The term “free software” is sometimes misunderstood—it has "
"nothing to do with price. It is about freedom. Here, therefore, is the "
@@ -584,7 +583,7 @@
"ìíí¸ì¨ì´”ë¼ë ì©ì´ìì ì¡´ì¬íë í¼ëì´ ìì´ìì
ë¹í´ì ë¹êµì ì ì í¸"
"ì´ë¼ê³ í ì ìë¤."
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
#, fuzzy
msgid "A program is free software, for you, a particular user, if:"
msgstr ""
@@ -592,7 +591,7 @@
"íë 본ì§ì ì¸ ë¶ë¶ì´ë©° ì¬ì©ììê² ë¤ìê³¼ ê°ì 4ê°ì§ ì¢
ë¥ì ìì 를 ì¤ì§ì ì¼ë¡ "
"ë³´ì¥íë íë¡ê·¸ë¨ì ìì ìíí¸ì¨ì´ë¼ê³ ë§í ì ìë¤."
-#. type: Content of: <ul><li>
+#. type: Content of: <div><ul><li>
# | You have the freedom to run the [-program,-] {+program as you wish,+} for
# | any purpose.
#, fuzzy
@@ -600,7 +599,7 @@
msgid "You have the freedom to run the program as you wish, for any purpose."
msgstr "목ì ì ìê´ìì´ íë¡ê·¸ë¨ì ì¤íìí¬ ì ìë ìì "
-#. type: Content of: <ul><li>
+#. type: Content of: <div><ul><li>
msgid ""
"You have the freedom to modify the program to suit your needs. (To make "
"this freedom effective in practice, you must have access to the source code, "
@@ -611,12 +610,12 @@
"í´ìë ìì¤ ì½ë를 ì´ì©í ì ìì´ì¼ë§ íë¤. ìëíë©´
ìì¤ ì½ë ìì´ íë¡ê·¸ë¨"
"ì ê°ìíë¤ë ê²ì ë§¤ì° ì´ë ¤ì´ ì¼ì´ê¸° ë문ì´ë¤.)"
-#. type: Content of: <ul><li>
+#. type: Content of: <div><ul><li>
msgid ""
"You have the freedom to redistribute copies, either gratis or for a fee."
msgstr "ë¬´ë£ ëë ì ë£ë¡ íë¡ê·¸ë¨ì ì¬ë°°í¬í ì ìë ìì "
-#. type: Content of: <ul><li>
+#. type: Content of: <div><ul><li>
msgid ""
"You have the freedom to distribute modified versions of the program, so that "
"the community can benefit from your improvements."
@@ -624,7 +623,7 @@
"ê°ìë íë¡ê·¸ë¨ì ì´ìµì ê³µëì²´ ì ì²´ê° ì»ì ì ìëë¡
ì´ë¥¼ ë°°í¬í ì ìë ì"
"ì "
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"Since “free” refers to freedom, not to price, there is no "
"contradiction between selling copies and free software. In fact, the "
@@ -641,14 +640,16 @@
"ì° ì¤ìí ë¶ë¶ì´ë¤. ë°ë¼ì ììì ë°°í¬íì´ë
ìíí¸ì¨ì´ 모ìì§ì ìì ë¡ê² í¬"
"í¨ìí¬ ì ìë íë¡ê·¸ë¨ì ìì ìíí¸ì¨ì´ê° ìëë¼ê³
í ì ìë¤."
-#. type: Content of: <p>
-# | Because of the ambiguity of “free”, people have long looked
-# | for alternatives, but no one has found a [-suitable alternative.-]
-# | {+better term.+} The English language has more words and nuances than any
-# | other, but it lacks a simple, unambiguous, word that means
-# | “free”, as in freedom—“unfettered” being the
-# | word that comes closest in meaning. Such alternatives as
-# | “liberated”, “freedom”, and “open”
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
+# | Because of the ambiguity of [-“free”,-]
+# | {+“free,”+} people have long looked for alternatives, but no
+# | one has found a [-suitable alternative.-] {+better term.+} The English
+# | language has more words and nuances than any other, but it lacks a simple,
+# | unambiguous, word that means [-“free”,-]
+# | {+“free,”+} as in freedom—“unfettered” being
+# | the word that comes closest in meaning. Such alternatives as
+# | [-“liberated”, “freedom”,-]
+# | {+“liberated,” “freedom,”+} and “open”
# | have either the wrong meaning or some other disadvantage.
#, fuzzy
#| msgid ""
@@ -661,12 +662,12 @@
#| "freedom”, and “open” have either the wrong meaning or "
#| "some other disadvantage."
msgid ""
-"Because of the ambiguity of “free”, people have long looked for "
+"Because of the ambiguity of “free,” people have long looked for "
"alternatives, but no one has found a better term. The English language has "
"more words and nuances than any other, but it lacks a simple, unambiguous, "
-"word that means “free”, as in freedom—“"
+"word that means “free,” as in freedom—“"
"unfettered” being the word that comes closest in meaning. Such "
-"alternatives as “liberated”, “freedom”, and “"
+"alternatives as “liberated,” “freedom,” and “"
"open” have either the wrong meaning or some other disadvantage."
msgstr ""
"ìì ë¼ë ë¨ì´ê° ê°ê³ ìë 모í¸í¨ ë문ì ì¬ëë¤ì
ì¤ë«ëì ì´ë¥¼ ëì²´í ì ì"
@@ -681,11 +682,11 @@
"ê³ ë³¼ ì ì기 ëë¬¸ì “ìì ìíí¸ì¨ì´”ë¼ê³
ì©ì´ê° ê°ì¥ ì¢ì íí"
"ë¼ê³ ìê°íë¤.)"
-#. type: Content of: <h3>
+#. type: Content of: <div><h3>
msgid "GNU software and the GNU system"
msgstr "GNU ìíí¸ì¨ì´ì GNU ìì¤í
"
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"Developing a whole system is a very large project. To bring it into reach, "
"I decided to adapt and use existing pieces of free software wherever that "
@@ -699,7 +700,7 @@
"ë TeX(í
)ì 주ë ì¡°í íë¡ê·¸ë¨ì¼ë¡ ì¬ì©íì¼ë©°, ëªë
ë¤ìë GNUì ë§ë ìë¡"
"ì´ ìëì° ìì¤í
ì ê°ë°íë ê² ëì ì X ìëì° ìì¤í
ì ì¬ì©íê¸°ë¡ ê²°ì íë¤."
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
# | Because of [-this decision,-] {+these decisions, and others like them,+}
# | the GNU system is not the same as the collection of all GNU software. The
# | GNU system includes programs that are not GNU software, programs that were
@@ -728,11 +729,11 @@
"ë ì ëì¤ì í¸íëë ìë²½í ìíí¸ì¨ì´ ìì¤í
ì 체를
ë§íë©° GNU íë¡ì í¸ë ì´"
"ë¬í ìì¤í
ì 구íí기 ìí´ì ì§íëê³ ìë íë¡ì í¸
ì체를 ì미íë¤."
-#. type: Content of: <h3>
+#. type: Content of: <div><h3>
msgid "Commencing the project"
msgstr "íë¡ì í¸ì ìì"
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"In January 1984 I quit my job at MIT and began writing GNU software. "
"Leaving MIT was necessary so that MIT would not be able to interfere with "
@@ -753,7 +754,7 @@
"ë ìë¡ì´ ìíí¸ì¨ì´ë¥¼ ë§ë¤ë ¤ë ëì ìëê° ì´ë¬í ì¸ì
ì¡°ê±´ë¤ë¡ ì¸í´ì ì¢ì "
"ëë ê²ì ìíì§ ììë¤."
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"However, Professor Winston, then the head of the MIT AI Lab, kindly invited "
"me to keep using the lab's facilities."
@@ -762,15 +763,29 @@
"ì¤í´(Patrick Winston) êµìë ë´ê° ì°êµ¬ì¤ì ì¥ë¹ë¤ì
ê³ìí´ì ì¬ì©í ì ìë"
"ë¡ ë°°ë ¤í´ ì£¼ìë¤."
-#. type: Content of: <h3>
+#. type: Content of: <div><h3>
msgid "The first steps"
msgstr "첫ë²ì§¸ ë¨ê³"
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
+# | Shortly before beginning the GNU Project, I heard about the Free
+# | University Compiler Kit, also known as VUCK. (The Dutch word for
+# | “free” is written with a [-<em>v</em>.)-] {+<i>v</i>.)+} This
+# | was a compiler designed to handle multiple languages, including C and
+# | Pascal, and to support multiple target machines. I wrote to its author
+# | asking if GNU could use it.
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "Shortly before beginning the GNU Project, I heard about the Free "
+#| "University Compiler Kit, also known as VUCK. (The Dutch word for “"
+#| "free” is written with a <em>v</em>.) This was a compiler designed "
+#| "to handle multiple languages, including C and Pascal, and to support "
+#| "multiple target machines. I wrote to its author asking if GNU could use "
+#| "it."
msgid ""
"Shortly before beginning the GNU Project, I heard about the Free University "
"Compiler Kit, also known as VUCK. (The Dutch word for “free” is "
-"written with a <em>v</em>.) This was a compiler designed to handle multiple "
+"written with a <i>v</i>.) This was a compiler designed to handle multiple "
"languages, including C and Pascal, and to support multiple target machines. "
"I wrote to its author asking if GNU could use it."
msgstr ""
@@ -782,7 +797,7 @@
"ëë VUCKì ê°ë°ììê² GNUê° ì´ ì»´íì¼ë¬ë¥¼ ì¬ì©í ì
ìë ì§ì ì¬ë¶ë¥¼ ìì ì¼"
"ë¡ ë¬¼ì´ë³´ìë¤."
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"He responded derisively, stating that the university was free but the "
"compiler was not. I therefore decided that my first program for the GNU "
@@ -800,7 +815,7 @@
"ì´ë¬í ì´ì ë¡ ì¸í´ì ëë GNU íë¡ì í¸ë¥¼ ìí 첫ë²ì§¸
íë¡ê·¸ë¨ì¼ë¡ ë¤ìì ì¸ì´"
"ì íë«í¼ì ì§ìíë ì»´íì¼ë¬ë¥¼ ë§ë¤ ê²°ì¬ì íê²
ëìë ê²ì´ë¤."
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"Hoping to avoid the need to write the whole compiler myself, I obtained the "
"source code for the Pastel compiler, which was a multiplatform compiler "
@@ -823,11 +838,31 @@
"ì»´íì¼ë¬ë¥¼ íì©íë ¤ë ê³íì í¬ê¸°í ìë°ì ììë¤.
ìëíë©´ 68000 기ë°ì ì ë"
"ì¤ ìì¤í
ììë 기ê»í´ì¼ 64KBì ì¤íë§ì ì¬ì©í ì
ìì기 ë문ì´ë¤."
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
+# | I then realized that the Pastel compiler functioned by parsing the entire
+# | input file into a syntax tree, converting the whole syntax tree into a
+# | chain of [-“instructions”,-] {+“instructions,”+}
+# | and then generating the whole output file, without ever freeing any
+# | storage. At this point, I concluded I would have to write a new compiler
+# | from scratch. That new compiler is now known as <abbr title=\"GNU
+# | Compiler Collection\">GCC</abbr>; none of the Pastel compiler is used in
+# | it, but I managed to adapt and use the C front end that I had written.
+# | But that was some years later; first, I worked on GNU Emacs.
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "I then realized that the Pastel compiler functioned by parsing the entire "
+#| "input file into a syntax tree, converting the whole syntax tree into a "
+#| "chain of “instructions”, and then generating the whole output "
+#| "file, without ever freeing any storage. At this point, I concluded I "
+#| "would have to write a new compiler from scratch. That new compiler is "
+#| "now known as <abbr title=\"GNU Compiler Collection\">GCC</abbr>; none of "
+#| "the Pastel compiler is used in it, but I managed to adapt and use the C "
+#| "front end that I had written. But that was some years later; first, I "
+#| "worked on GNU Emacs."
msgid ""
"I then realized that the Pastel compiler functioned by parsing the entire "
"input file into a syntax tree, converting the whole syntax tree into a chain "
-"of “instructions”, and then generating the whole output file, "
+"of “instructions,” and then generating the whole output file, "
"without ever freeing any storage. At this point, I concluded I would have "
"to write a new compiler from scratch. That new compiler is now known as "
"<abbr title=\"GNU Compiler Collection\">GCC</abbr>; none of the Pastel "
@@ -851,11 +886,11 @@
"ë ¥íë¤. ê·¸ë¬ë ì´ë¬í ì¼ë¤ì 모ë ì´í ëªë
ë¤ì
ì´ë£¨ì´ì§ ê²ë¤ì´ìê³ , ê·¸ ë¹ì"
"ìë ìµì°ì ì ì¼ë¡ GNU Emacs를 ë§ëë ì¼ì ì§ì¤íê³
ììë¤."
-#. type: Content of: <h3>
+#. type: Content of: <div><h3>
msgid "GNU Emacs"
msgstr "GNU Emacs"
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"I began work on GNU Emacs in September 1984, and in early 1985 it was "
"beginning to be usable. This enabled me to begin using Unix systems to do "
@@ -867,7 +902,7 @@
"ì¤ê° ìë ë¤ë¥¸ 기ì¢
ìì í¸ì§ ìì
ì í´ ìì§ë§, Emacs를
ë§ë íìë ì ëì¤ì "
"ë¤ë¥¸ 기ì¢
ì ì»´í¨í°ìì 모ë í¸ì§ ìì
ì í ì ìê²
ëìë¤."
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"At this point, people began wanting to use GNU Emacs, which raised the "
"question of how to distribute it. Of course, I put it on the anonymous ftp "
@@ -887,7 +922,7 @@
"ìë ì¬ëì´ ê±°ì ììë¤. ë°ë¼ì ì´ë í ë°©ë²ì¼ë¡ Emacs를
구í ì ìë ì§ë¥¼ ê·¸"
"ë¤ìê² ìë ¤ì£¼ë ê²ì´ 문ì ì íµì¬ì´ìë¤."
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"I could have said, “Find a friend who is on the net and who will make "
"a copy for you.” Or I could have done what I did with the original "
@@ -909,11 +944,11 @@
"ì ììíê² ëìê³ ë¦¬ë
ì¤ì 기ë°í GNU ìì¤í
ì 체를
ë´ê³ ìë ë°°í¬íì í매"
"íê³ ìë íì¬ì 리ë
ì¤ ë°°í¬í ì
ì²´ë¤ì ìì´ê° ëìë
ê²ì´ë¤."
-#. type: Content of: <h3>
+#. type: Content of: <div><h3>
msgid "Is a program free for every user?"
msgstr "íë¡ê·¸ë¨ì ë구ìê²ë ìì ë¡ì´ê°?"
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"If a program is free software when it leaves the hands of its author, this "
"does not necessarily mean it will be free software for everyone who has a "
@@ -933,7 +968,7 @@
"ë§ì ì¢
ë¥ì ìì íë¡ê·¸ë¨ë¤ë ìì ë²ì ì ë
ì
ìíí¸ì¨ì´ë¡ ë§ëë ê²ì ì½ê² "
"íì©íë ë¼ì´ì¼ì¤ì ìí´ì ë°°í¬ëê³ ìë¤."
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"The paradigmatic example of this problem is the X Window System. Developed "
"at MIT, and released as free software with a permissive license, it was soon "
@@ -949,11 +984,23 @@
"ì½ ì¡°ê±´ì ìí´ì ê´ë¦¬ëëë¡ ë§ë¤ì´ ë²ë ¸ë¤. ì´ë¬í ì¢
ë¥ì X ìëì° ìì¤í
ì ì "
"ëì¤ì ë§ì°¬ê°ì§ë¡ ëì´ì ìì ìíí¸ì¨ì´ê° ìë
ê²ì´ë¤."
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
+# | The developers of the X Window System did not consider this a
+# | problem—they expected and intended this to happen. Their goal was
+# | not freedom, just [-“success”,-] {+“success,”+}
+# | defined as “having many users.” They did not care whether
+# | these users had freedom, only that they should be numerous.
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "The developers of the X Window System did not consider this a "
+#| "problem—they expected and intended this to happen. Their goal was "
+#| "not freedom, just “success”, defined as “having many "
+#| "users.” They did not care whether these users had freedom, only "
+#| "that they should be numerous."
msgid ""
"The developers of the X Window System did not consider this a problem—"
"they expected and intended this to happen. Their goal was not freedom, just "
-"“success”, defined as “having many users.” They did "
+"“success,” defined as “having many users.” They did "
"not care whether these users had freedom, only that they should be numerous."
msgstr ""
"X ìëì° ìì¤í
ì ê°ë°ìë¤ì ì´ë¬í ê²°ê³¼ê° ì못ë
ê²ì´ë¼ê³ ìê°íì§ ììì¼ë©° "
@@ -962,7 +1009,7 @@
"ë ê²ì´ì기 ë문ì´ë¤. ê·¸ë¤ì ì¬ì©ìë¤ì´ íë¡ê·¸ë¨ì
ëí ìì 를 ê°ê² ëëê°ì "
"ì¬ë¶ì ìê´ìì´ ì¤ì§ ë§ì ì¬ì©ì를 ê°ê² ëëë°ë§
ê´ì¬ì ëìë¤."
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"This led to a paradoxical situation where two different ways of counting the "
"amount of freedom gave different answers to the question, “Is this "
@@ -980,23 +1027,34 @@
"ìë¤. X ìëì°ë¥¼ ì¬ì©íë ëë¶ë¶ì ì¬ì©ìë¤ì ì ëì¤ì
í¨ê» ì ê³µëë ë
ì ë²"
"ì ì ì¬ì©íê³ ìì¼ë©° ì´ë¬í ë²ì ì ìì ë¡ê² ì¬ì©í ì
ìë ê²ì´ ìëë¤."
-#. type: Content of: <h3>
+#. type: Content of: <div><h3>
msgid "Copyleft and the GNU GPL"
msgstr "ì¹´í¼ë íí¸ì GNU GPL"
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
+# | The goal of GNU was to give users freedom, not just to be popular. So we
+# | needed to use distribution terms that would prevent GNU software from
+# | being turned into proprietary software. The method we use is called
+# | [-“copyleft”.(1)-] {+“copyleft” <a
+# | href=\"#ft3\">[3]</a>.+}
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "The goal of GNU was to give users freedom, not just to be popular. So we "
+#| "needed to use distribution terms that would prevent GNU software from "
+#| "being turned into proprietary software. The method we use is called "
+#| "“copyleft”.(1)"
msgid ""
"The goal of GNU was to give users freedom, not just to be popular. So we "
"needed to use distribution terms that would prevent GNU software from being "
"turned into proprietary software. The method we use is called “"
-"copyleft”.(1)"
+"copyleft” <a href=\"#ft3\">[3]</a>."
msgstr ""
"GNUì 목ì ì GNUê° ë리 ìë ¤ì§ë ê²ì´ ìëë¼
ì¬ì©ìë¤ìê² ìì 를 주ë ê²ì´"
"ë¤. ë°ë¼ì ì°ë¦¬ì ë°°í¬ ê¸°ì¤ìë GNU ìíí¸ì¨ì´ê° ë
ì
ìíí¸ì¨ì´ë¡ ë³ì§ëë "
"ê²ì ë§ì ì ìë ì¡°íì´ íìíì¼ë©°, ì´ë¥¼ ìí´ì (3)
“ì¹´í¼ë íí¸"
"(copyleft)”ë¼ë ë°©ìì ì¬ì©íë¤."
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
# | Copyleft uses copyright law, but flips it over to serve the opposite of
# | its usual purpose: instead of a means [-of privatizing software,-] {+for
# | restricting a program,+} it becomes a means [-of-] {+for+} keeping
@@ -1015,7 +1073,7 @@
"ë°ëë¡ ì´ì©í´ì ìíí¸ì¨ì´ë¥¼ ê°ì¸ì ìì ë¡ ì¬ì
íìí¤ë ëì ìì ë¡ì´ ìíë¡ "
"ì ì§ìí¤ë ìë¨ì¼ë¡ ì¼ë ê²ì´ë¤."
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"The central idea of copyleft is that we give everyone permission to run the "
"program, copy the program, modify the program, and distribute modified "
@@ -1030,7 +1088,7 @@
"íí¸ì¨ì´”ë¼ë ì©ì´ì íµì¬ì¸ “ìì ”ë¥¼ 모ë
ì¬ëë¤ìê² ë³´ì¥"
"í ì ìê³ íë¡ê·¸ë¨ì ì
ìí ì¬ëì ê·¸ ë구ë ëºì ì
ìë ê¶ë¦¬ë¥¼ ê°ê² ëë¤."
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"For an effective copyleft, modified versions must also be free. This "
"ensures that work based on ours becomes available to our community if it is "
@@ -1045,7 +1103,7 @@
"ë¤ì´ GNU ìíí¸ì¨ì´ë¥¼ ê°ëí기 ìí´ì ììíì
ê²½ì°ìë ì¹´í¼ë íí¸ë ê·¸ë¤ì "
"ê³ ì©ì£¼ë¤ì´ ê°ìë íë¡ê·¸ë¨ì ë
ì ìíí¸ì¨ì´ë¡ ë§ë¤ë
¤ë ê²ì ë°©ì§í ì ìë¤."
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"The requirement that changes must be free is essential if we want to ensure "
"freedom for every user of the program. The companies that privatized the X "
@@ -1062,7 +1120,7 @@
"íë¤ë ì´ì ë§ì¼ë¡ ì¬ì©ìë¤ì ìì 를 ì íí ì ìë¤ë©´
ë구ë ì´ë° ë°©ë²ì ì
ì©"
"í´ì ì½ê² ì´ìµì ì»ì ì ìì ê²ì´ë¤."
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"A related issue concerns combining a free program with nonfree code. Such a "
"combination would inevitably be nonfree; whichever freedoms are lacking for "
@@ -1081,12 +1139,13 @@
"ë°°í¬ë íë¡ê·¸ë¨ì ì´ë í 첨ìì´ ì¼ì´ëê±°ë ë¤ë¥¸
íë¡ê·¸ë¨ê³¼ í¨ê» ê²°í©ëë¤ê³ í"
"ëë¼ë ê·¸ 결과물ìë ë°ëì ì¹´í¼ë íí¸ê° ì ì©ëì´ì¼ë§
íë ê²ì´ë¤."
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
# | The specific implementation of copyleft that we use for most GNU software
# | is the GNU General Public License, or GNU GPL for short. We have other
# | kinds of copyleft that are used in specific circumstances. GNU manuals
# | are copylefted also, but use a much simpler kind of copyleft, because the
-# | complexity of the GNU GPL is not necessary for [-manuals.-] {+manuals.(2)+}
+# | complexity of the GNU GPL is not necessary for [-manuals.-]
+# | {+manuals. <a href=\"#ft4\">[4]</a>+}
#, fuzzy
#| msgid ""
#| "The specific implementation of copyleft that we use for most GNU software "
@@ -1099,7 +1158,8 @@
"the GNU General Public License, or GNU GPL for short. We have other kinds "
"of copyleft that are used in specific circumstances. GNU manuals are "
"copylefted also, but use a much simpler kind of copyleft, because the "
-"complexity of the GNU GPL is not necessary for manuals.(2)"
+"complexity of the GNU GPL is not necessary for manuals. <a href="
+"\"#ft4\">[4]</a>"
msgstr ""
"ëë¶ë¶ì GNU ìíí¸ì¨ì´ìë ì¹´í¼ë íí¸ë¥¼ ì¤ì ë¡ êµ¬íí
ë¼ì´ì¼ì¤ 기ì¤ì¸ GNU "
"General Public Licenseê° ì¬ì©ëë¤.(<b>ìì주:</b> GNU General Public
License"
@@ -1111,36 +1171,34 @@
"ë íëë° GNU 매ë´ì¼ì ê²½ì°ìë GNU GPLì ìë°í ì¡°ê±´ë¤ì´
모ë íìíì§ ì기 "
"ë문ì ë³´ë¤ ê°ë¨í ííì ì¹´í¼ë íí¸ë¥¼ ì¬ì©íê³ ìë¤."
-#. type: Content of: <p>
-msgid ""
-"(1) In 1984 or 1985, Don Hopkins (a very imaginative fellow) mailed me a "
-"letter. On the envelope he had written several amusing sayings, including "
-"this one: “Copyleft—all rights reversed.” I used the word "
-"“copyleft” to name the distribution concept I was developing at "
-"the time."
-msgstr ""
-"(3) 1984ë
ì¸ì§ 85ë
ì¸ì§ ì íí 기ìµëì§ë ìì§ë§, ë
íí¨ì¤(Don Hopkins)ë¼ë "
-"ì¬ëì´ ë´ê² í¸ì§ë¥¼ ë³´ë´ì¨ ì ì´ ììë¤.(ê·¸ë ë§¤ì° ììë
¥ì´ íë¶í ì¹êµ¬ìë¤.) "
-"ê·¸ê° ë³´ë¸ í¸ì§ ë´í¬ìë ì¬ë¯¸ìë ë¬¸êµ¬ê° ëªê° ì°ì¬ì ¸
ììëë° ê·¸ ì¤ì “"
-"ì¹´í¼ë íí¸ – 모ë ê¶ë¦¬ë ì·¨ìë©ëë¤.”ë¼ë 구ì
ì´ ììê³ ëë "
-"“ì¹´í¼ë íí¸”ë¼ë ë¨ì´ë¥¼ ë¹ìì ë´ê° ìê°íê³
ìë ë°°í¬ íí를 ë"
-"íë´ë ì´ë¦ì¼ë¡ ì¬ì©íê² ëìë¤."
-
-#. type: Content of: <p>
-msgid ""
-"(2) We now use the <a href=\"/licenses/fdl.html\">GNU Free Documentation "
-"License</a> for documentation."
-msgstr ""
-
-#. type: Content of: <h3>
+#. type: Content of: <div><h3>
msgid "The Free Software Foundation"
msgstr "ìì ìíí¸ì¨ì´ ì¬ë¨"
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
+# | As interest in using Emacs was growing, other people became involved in
+# | the GNU project, and we decided that it was time to seek funding once
+# | again. So in 1985 we created the <a
+# | href=\"http{+s+}://www.fsf.org/\">Free Software Foundation</a> (FSF), a
+# | tax-exempt charity for free software development. The <abbr title=\"Free
+# | Software Foundation\">FSF</abbr> also took over the Emacs tape
+# | distribution business; later it extended this by adding other free
+# | software (both GNU and non-GNU) to the tape, and by selling free manuals
+# | as well.
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "As interest in using Emacs was growing, other people became involved in "
+#| "the GNU project, and we decided that it was time to seek funding once "
+#| "again. So in 1985 we created the <a href=\"http://www.fsf.org/\";>Free "
+#| "Software Foundation</a> (FSF), a tax-exempt charity for free software "
+#| "development. The <abbr title=\"Free Software Foundation\">FSF</abbr> "
+#| "also took over the Emacs tape distribution business; later it extended "
+#| "this by adding other free software (both GNU and non-GNU) to the tape, "
+#| "and by selling free manuals as well."
msgid ""
"As interest in using Emacs was growing, other people became involved in the "
"GNU project, and we decided that it was time to seek funding once again. So "
-"in 1985 we created the <a href=\"http://www.fsf.org/\";>Free Software "
+"in 1985 we created the <a href=\"https://www.fsf.org/\";>Free Software "
"Foundation</a> (FSF), a tax-exempt charity for free software development. "
"The <abbr title=\"Free Software Foundation\">FSF</abbr> also took over the "
"Emacs tape distribution business; later it extended this by adding other "
@@ -1156,7 +1214,7 @@
"ì§ì ì¼ë¡ ë¤ë¥¸ ì¢
ë¥ì ìì ìíí¸ì¨ì´ê¹ì§ í
ì´íì
ë´ìì í매íëë° ì¬ê¸°ìë "
"GNU ì´ì¸ì ìì ìíí¸ì¨ì´ë¤ë í¬í¨ëìê³ ë§¤ë´ì¼ì
í매 ëí ë³íëìë¤."
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
# | [-The FSF accepts donations, but most-]{+Most+} of [-its-] {+the FSF's+}
# | income [-has always-] {+used to+} come from [-sales—of-] {+sales
# | of+} copies of free software[-,-] and of other related [-services. Today
@@ -1165,9 +1223,9 @@
# | freedom to redistribute and modify), and Deluxe Distributions [-(where-]
# | {+(distributions for which+} we buil[-d-]{+t+} the whole collection of
# | software for [-your-] {+the customer's+} choice of platform). {+Today the
-# | FSF still <a href=\"http://shop.fsf.org/\";> sells manuals and other
+# | FSF still <a href=\"https://shop.fsf.org/\";> sells manuals and other
# | gear</a>, but it gets the bulk of its funding from members' dues. You can
-# | join the FSF at <a href=\"http://fsf.org/join\";>fsf.org</a>.+}
+# | join the FSF at <a href=\"https://my.fsf.org/join\";>fsf.org</a>.+}
#, fuzzy
#| msgid ""
#| "The FSF accepts donations, but most of its income has always come from "
@@ -1182,9 +1240,9 @@
"binaries, nicely printed manuals, all with the freedom to redistribute and "
"modify), and Deluxe Distributions (distributions for which we built the "
"whole collection of software for the customer's choice of platform). Today "
-"the FSF still <a href=\"http://shop.fsf.org/\";> sells manuals and other "
+"the FSF still <a href=\"https://shop.fsf.org/\";> sells manuals and other "
"gear</a>, but it gets the bulk of its funding from members' dues. You can "
-"join the FSF at <a href=\"http://fsf.org/join\";>fsf.org</a>."
+"join the FSF at <a href=\"https://my.fsf.org/join\";>fsf.org</a>."
msgstr ""
"FSFë 기ë¶ë¥¼ ë°ê³ ìì§ë§ ëë¶ë¶ì ì´ì ìê¸ì ìì
ìíí¸ì¨ì´ì í매ì ì´ì "
"ê´ë ¨ë ë¶ìì ì¸ ìë¹ì¤ë¥¼ íµí´ì 충ë¹ëê³ ìë¤. íì¬
FSFë ìì¤ ì½ëë ë°ì´ë"
@@ -1193,7 +1251,24 @@
"ì 모ë ìíí¸ì¨ì´ë¤ì ì»´íì¼í´ì ìë¡í ëëì¤
ë°°í¬í(Deluxe Distribution)"
"ì í매íê³ ìë¤."
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
+# | Free Software Foundation employees have written and maintained a number of
+# | GNU software packages. Two notable ones are the C library and the shell.
+# | The GNU C library is what every program running on a GNU/Linux system uses
+# | to communicate with Linux. It was developed by a member of the Free
+# | Software Foundation staff, Roland McGrath. The shell used on most
+# | GNU/Linux systems is <abbr title=\"Bourne Again Shell\">BASH</abbr>, the
+# | Bourne Again [-Shell(1),-] {+SHell <a href=\"#ft5\">[5]</a>,+} which
+# | was developed by FSF employee Brian Fox.
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "Free Software Foundation employees have written and maintained a number "
+#| "of GNU software packages. Two notable ones are the C library and the "
+#| "shell. The GNU C library is what every program running on a GNU/Linux "
+#| "system uses to communicate with Linux. It was developed by a member of "
+#| "the Free Software Foundation staff, Roland McGrath. The shell used on "
+#| "most GNU/Linux systems is <abbr title=\"Bourne Again Shell\">BASH</abbr>, "
+#| "the Bourne Again Shell(1), which was developed by FSF employee Brian Fox."
msgid ""
"Free Software Foundation employees have written and maintained a number of "
"GNU software packages. Two notable ones are the C library and the shell. "
@@ -1201,7 +1276,8 @@
"to communicate with Linux. It was developed by a member of the Free "
"Software Foundation staff, Roland McGrath. The shell used on most GNU/Linux "
"systems is <abbr title=\"Bourne Again Shell\">BASH</abbr>, the Bourne Again "
-"Shell(1), which was developed by FSF employee Brian Fox."
+"SHell <a href=\"#ft5\">[5]</a>, which was developed by FSF employee "
+"Brian Fox."
msgstr ""
"ìì ìíí¸ì¨ì´ ì¬ë¨ì´ ê³ ì©í ì¬ëë¤ì ê·¸ëì ë§ì ì¢
ë¥ì GNU ìíí¸ì¨ì´ í¨í¤"
"ì§ë¥¼ ë§ë¤ê±°ë ê´ë¦¬í´ ìëë°, ì´ì¤ìì í¹í 주목í ë§í
ê²ì C ë¼ì´ë¸ë¬ë¦¬ì ì
¸"
@@ -1212,7 +1288,7 @@
"ìë ë¸ë¼ì´ì¸ íì¤(Brian Fox)ê° ê°ë°í ê²ì¼ë¡ <abbr
title=\"Bourne Again "
"Shell\">BASH</abbr>ë (4) Bourne Again SHellì ì½ìë¡ ì¬ì©ë
ê²ì´ë¤."
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"We funded development of these programs because the GNU Project was not just "
"about tools or a development environment. Our goal was a complete operating "
@@ -1223,28 +1299,11 @@
"목íë ìì±ë ííì ì´ìì²´ì 를 ë§ëë ê²ì´ë©°, ì´ë¬í
íë¡ê·¸ë¨ë¤ì ì°ë¦¬ì 목"
"í를 ìí´ì íìí ê²ë¤ì´ìë¤."
-#. type: Content of: <p>
-# | (1) “Bourne Again Shell” is a [-joke-] {+play+} on the name
-# | “Bourne Shell”, which was the usual shell on Unix.
-#, fuzzy
-#| msgid ""
-#| "(1) “Bourne Again Shell” is a joke on the name “Bourne "
-#| "Shell”, which was the usual shell on Unix."
-msgid ""
-"(1) “Bourne Again Shell” is a play on the name “Bourne "
-"Shell”, which was the usual shell on Unix."
-msgstr ""
-"(4) “Bourne Again Shell”ì´ë¼ë ì´ë¦ì ì ëì¤ìì
ì¼ë°ì ì¼ë¡ ì¬ì©"
-"ëë ì
¸ íë¡ê·¸ë¨ì¸ “Bourne Shell (본ì
¸)”ì ë¹ëì´
ë§ë ì¬ë¯¸ìë "
-"ííì´ë¤. BASHë ë¤ë¥¸ ì
¸ë¤ê³¼ë ë¬ë¦¬ ì½ì´ ê·¸ëë¡
ë°°ì¬ì´ë¼ê³ ë°ìíë©°, Bourne "
-"Againì ë°ìì born againì´ ëì´ ìµì´ì ì
¸ì¸ 본ì
¸ì
ì¬íì´ë¼ë ì미를 ê°ê² ë"
-"ë¤."
-
-#. type: Content of: <h3>
+#. type: Content of: <div><h3>
msgid "Free software support"
msgstr "ìì ìíí¸ì¨ì´ì ëí ì§ì"
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"The free software philosophy rejects a specific widespread business "
"practice, but it is not against business. When businesses respect the "
@@ -1254,7 +1313,7 @@
"íì ë°ëíì§ë§ ê·¸ë ë¤ê³ ìì
íì ì체를 ê±°ë¶íë
ê²ì ìëë¤. ì¬ì©ìì ìì "
"를 ì¡´ì¤íë ì¬ì
ì´ë¼ë©´ ì°ë¦¬ë ê·¸ë¤ì ì±ê³µì 기ìí
ê²ì´ë¤."
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"Selling copies of Emacs demonstrates one kind of free software business. "
"When the FSF took over that business, I needed another way to make a "
@@ -1270,7 +1329,7 @@
"ë ë°©ë²ì ëí êµì¡ê³¼ GCC를 ìë¡ì´ íë«í¼ì¼ë¡ ì´ìíë
ìì
ì´ ì£¼ê° ëë ìí"
"í¸ì¨ì´ ê°ë°ì´ í¬í¨ëìë¤."
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"Today each of these kinds of free software business is practiced by a number "
"of corporations. Some distribute free software collections on CD-ROM; "
@@ -1285,13 +1344,13 @@
"ì ë§ë ì§ìì ì ë£ë¡ ì ê³µí기ë íë¤. í ë¨ê³ ë
ëìê°ì ì´ì ë ìë¡ì´ ì"
"ì ìíí¸ì¨ì´ ì íì 기ë°ì¼ë¡ ì¬ì
ì ììíë 기ì
ë¤ë ì겨ëê³ ìë¤."
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
# | Watch out, though—a number of companies that associate themselves
# | with the term “open source” actually base their business on
# | nonfree software that works with free software. These are not free
# | software companies, they are proprietary software companies whose products
# | tempt users away from freedom. They call these [-“value
-# | added”,-] {+programs “value-added packages”,+} which
+# | added”,-] {+programs “value-added packages,”+} which
# | [-reflects-] {+shows+} the values they would like us to adopt: convenience
# | above freedom. If we value freedom more, we should call them
# | [-“freedom subtracted” products.-]
@@ -1312,7 +1371,7 @@
"software that works with free software. These are not free software "
"companies, they are proprietary software companies whose products tempt "
"users away from freedom. They call these programs “value-added "
-"packages”, which shows the values they would like us to adopt: "
+"packages,” which shows the values they would like us to adopt: "
"convenience above freedom. If we value freedom more, we should call them "
"“freedom-subtracted” packages."
msgstr ""
@@ -1326,11 +1385,11 @@
"를 íë¨íë¤ë©´ ì°ë¦¬ë ì´ë¬í ì íì ë¶ê°ê°ì¹ê° ìë
“ìì ê°ì¹(èªç±æ¸å¤)"
"” ì íì´ë¼ê³ ë¶ë¬ì¼ ë§ë
í ê²ì´ë¤."
-#. type: Content of: <h3>
+#. type: Content of: <div><h3>
msgid "Technical goals"
msgstr "기ì ì ì¸ ëª©í"
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
# | The principal goal of GNU [-was-] {+is+} to be free software. Even if GNU
# | had no technical advantage over Unix, it would have a social advantage,
# | allowing users to cooperate, and an ethical advantage, respecting the
@@ -1351,7 +1410,7 @@
"ë¡ì¨ ì¬íì ì¸ ì´ì ì ê°ê² ë ê²ì´ê³ ì¬ì©ìë¤ì ìì 를
ì¡´ì¤íê² ëë¤ë ì ìì "
"ì¤ë¦¬ì ì¸ ì´ì ë ìë¤ê³ í ì ìë¤."
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"But it was natural to apply the known standards of good practice to the "
"work—for example, dynamically allocating data structures to avoid "
@@ -1363,7 +1422,7 @@
"조를 ëì
íì¼ë©° 8ë¹í¸ ì½ë를 ì²ë¦¬í ì ìëë¡ í´ì ì´ë
í ííì ì
ë ¥ì ëí´"
"ìë ì´ë¥¼ ì ìì ì¼ë¡ ì²ë¦¬í ì ìëë¡ íë¤."
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"In addition, we rejected the Unix focus on small memory size, by deciding "
"not to support 16-bit machines (it was clear that 32-bit machines would be "
@@ -1381,7 +1440,7 @@
"ì
ì¶ë ¥ì ëí 문ì 를 ê³ ë ¤íì§ ë§ê³ ì
ë ¥ íì¼ ì 체를
ë©ëª¨ë¦¬ë¡ ì¬ë ¤ì ì¬ì©íë"
"ë¡ ê¶ì¥í ì ììë¤."
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"These decisions enabled many GNU programs to surpass their Unix counterparts "
"in reliability and speed."
@@ -1389,11 +1448,11 @@
"ê²°êµ ì´ë¬í ê²°ì ì GNU íë¡ê·¸ë¨ë¤ì´ ê°ì ì ëì¤
íë¡ê·¸ë¨ì ë¹í´ì í¥ìë ìë"
"ì ì 뢰ì±ì ê°ëë¡ í´ ì£¼ìë¤."
-#. type: Content of: <h3>
+#. type: Content of: <div><h3>
msgid "Donated computers"
msgstr "기ì¦ë°ì ì»´í¨í°"
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"As the GNU Project's reputation grew, people began offering to donate "
"machines running Unix to the project. These were very useful, because the "
@@ -1407,7 +1466,7 @@
"ì´ë¬í ìì¤í
ì ì°ë¦¬ìê² ë§¤ì° ì ì©í ê²ì´ìë¤. ê·¸ë¬ë
ê·¸ë¤ì ì°ë¦¬ê° ì ëì¤ë¥¼ "
"ì¬ì©íë ê²ì´ ê³¼ì° ì ë¹íê°ë¼ë ì¤ë¦¬ì ì¸ ë¬¸ì 를 ì
ê¸°í´ ìë¤."
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"Unix was (and is) proprietary software, and the GNU Project's philosophy "
"said that we should not use proprietary software. But, applying the same "
@@ -1424,7 +1483,7 @@
"ëë¡ ë기 ìí´ì ìì ìíí¸ì¨ì´ë¥¼ ë§ëë ê³¼ì ì ë
ì
ìíí¸ì¨ì´ë¥¼ ì¬ì©í í"
"ìê° ìë¤ë©´, ëë ì´ê² ëí ì ë¹íë ì ìë¤ë ê²°ë¡ ì
ë´ë ¸ë¤."
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"But, even if this was a justifiable evil, it was still an evil. Today we no "
"longer have any copies of Unix, because we have replaced them with free "
@@ -1440,11 +1499,11 @@
"í ì ìë ìì ì´ìì²´ì 를 ê°ê³ ì기 ë문ì ì ëì¤ê°
ì¤ì¹ë ìì¤í
ì ì í ì¬"
"ì©íì§ ìê³ ìë¤."
-#. type: Content of: <h3>
+#. type: Content of: <div><h3>
msgid "The GNU Task List"
msgstr "GNU íì¤í¬ 리ì¤í¸"
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
# | As the GNU Project proceeded, and increasing numbers of system components
# | were found or developed, eventually it became useful to make a list of the
# | remaining gaps. We used it to recruit developers to write the missing
@@ -1478,11 +1537,12 @@
"ì êµ¬ì± ìì ë¿ë§ ìëë¼ íëì ìë²½í ì´ìì²´ì ê° ë기
ìí´ì íìíë¤ê³ íë¨"
"í ë¤ìí ì¢
ë¥ì ìíí¸ì¨ì´ì 문ì íë¡ì í¸ ë±ì ì´
목ë¡ì ì¶ê°ìì¼°ë¤."
-#. type: Content of: <p>
-# | [-Today,-]{+Today (1),+} hardly any Unix components are left in the GNU
-# | Task List—those jobs [-have-] {+had+} been done, aside from a few
-# | inessential ones. But the list is full of projects that some might call
-# | “applications”. Any program that appeals to more than a
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
+# | [-Today,-]{+Today <a href=\"#ft6\">[6]</a>,+} hardly any Unix
+# | components are left in the GNU Task List—those jobs [-have-] {+had+}
+# | been done, aside from a few inessential ones. But the list is full of
+# | projects that some might call [-“applications”.-]
+# | {+“applications.”+} Any program that appeals to more than a
# | narrow class of users would be a useful thing to add to an operating
# | system.
#, fuzzy
@@ -1493,11 +1553,11 @@
#| "applications”. Any program that appeals to more than a narrow "
#| "class of users would be a useful thing to add to an operating system."
msgid ""
-"Today (1), hardly any Unix components are left in the GNU Task List—"
-"those jobs had been done, aside from a few inessential ones. But the list "
-"is full of projects that some might call “applications”. Any "
-"program that appeals to more than a narrow class of users would be a useful "
-"thing to add to an operating system."
+"Today <a href=\"#ft6\">[6]</a>, hardly any Unix components are left in "
+"the GNU Task List—those jobs had been done, aside from a few "
+"inessential ones. But the list is full of projects that some might call "
+"“applications.” Any program that appeals to more than a narrow "
+"class of users would be a useful thing to add to an operating system."
msgstr ""
"ì ëì¤ì ê´ë ¨ë ëë¶ë¶ì êµ¬ì± ììë¤ì ì´ì GNU íì¤í¬
리ì¤í¸ì ë¨ì ìì§ ì"
"ë¤.(ëë¶ë¶ì ìì
ì 모ë ìë£ëìì¼ë©° ììí ëª
ë¶ë¶ë§ì´ ë¨ì ìë ìíì´"
@@ -1506,7 +1566,7 @@
"ê³ ìë íë¡ê·¸ë¨ì´ ìëë¼ë©´ ëë¶ë¶ì íë¡ê·¸ë¨ë¤ì
ì´ìì²´ì ì í¨ê» 구ì±ë ë§"
"í ì ì©í íë¡ê·¸ë¨ì´ë¼ê³ í ì ìì ê²ì´ë¤."
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"Even games are included in the task list—and have been since the "
"beginning. Unix included games, so naturally GNU should too. But "
@@ -1520,22 +1580,15 @@
"ê° ì기 ë문ì ì ëì¤ìì ì ê³µíë ê²ìì ì¢
ë¥ë¥¼
ê·¸ëë¡ ë°ë¥´ì§ ìê³ ì¬ì©ìë¤"
"ì´ ì¢ìí ë§í ë¤ìí ì¢
ë¥ì ê²ìë¤ì í¬í¨ìì¼°ë¤."
-#. type: Content of: <p>
-msgid ""
-"(1) That was written in 1998. In 2009 we no longer maintain a long task "
-"list. The community develops free software so fast that we can't even keep "
-"track of it all. Instead, we have a list of High Priority Projects, a much "
-"shorter list of projects we really want to encourage people to write."
-msgstr ""
-
-#. type: Content of: <h3>
+#. type: Content of: <div><h3>
msgid "The GNU Library GPL"
msgstr "GNU Library GPL"
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
# | The GNU C library uses a special kind of copyleft called the GNU Library
-# | General Public [-License,-] {+License(1),+} which gives permission to link
-# | proprietary software with the library. Why make this exception?
+# | General Public [-License,-] {+License <a href=\"#ft7\">[7]</a>,+}
+# | which gives permission to link proprietary software with the library. Why
+# | make this exception?
#, fuzzy
#| msgid ""
#| "The GNU C library uses a special kind of copyleft called the GNU Library "
@@ -1543,15 +1596,16 @@
#| "software with the library. Why make this exception?"
msgid ""
"The GNU C library uses a special kind of copyleft called the GNU Library "
-"General Public License(1), which gives permission to link proprietary "
-"software with the library. Why make this exception?"
+"General Public License <a href=\"#ft7\">[7]</a>, which gives "
+"permission to link proprietary software with the library. Why make this "
+"exception?"
msgstr ""
"GNU C ë¼ì´ë¸ë¬ë¦¬ìë GNU Library GPLì´ë¼ê³ ë¶ë¦¬ë í¹ë³í ì¢
ë¥ì ì¹´í¼ë íí¸ê° "
"ì ì©ëë¤. ì´ê²ì ë
ì ìíí¸ì¨ì´ìì ë§í¬ë¥¼ íì©íë
ê²ì¼ë¡ ì´ì ë “"
"GNU Lesser GPL”ì´ë¼ë ì´ë¦ì¼ë¡ ë³ê²½ëìì¼ë©°, LGPLì´ë¼ê³
ì¤ì¬ì ë¶ë¥´ê¸°"
"ë íë¤. ê·¸ë ë¤ë©´ ì ì´ë¬í ìì¸ë¥¼ ë§ë¤ìëê°?"
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"It is not a matter of principle; there is no principle that says proprietary "
"software products are entitled to include our code. (Why contribute to a "
@@ -1564,7 +1618,7 @@
"ê°?) C ë¼ì´ë¸ë¬ë¦¬ë ë¤ë¥¸ ë¼ì´ë¸ë¬ë¦¬ë¤ì LGPLë¡ ë§ë ê²ì
ìì¹ì ìì í ê²ì´ "
"ìëë¼ ì¼ì¢
ì ì ëµì´ë¼ê³ í ì ìë¤."
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"The C library does a generic job; every proprietary system or compiler comes "
"with a C library. Therefore, to make our C library available only to free "
@@ -1577,7 +1631,7 @@
"를 ê°ê² ëì§ ëª»í ê²ì´ë¤. ì¦, GNU C ë¼ì´ë¸ë¬ë¦¬ë¥¼ ì¬ì©íë
¤ë ììì ì íìí¤"
"ê² ëë ê²ì´ë¤."
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"One system is an exception to this: on the GNU system (and this includes GNU/"
"Linux), the GNU C library is the only C library. So the distribution terms "
@@ -1597,7 +1651,7 @@
"íë¤ê¸° ë³´ë¤ ì¤íë ¤ GNU ìì¤í
ì ì¬ì©ì ì íìí¬
ê°ë¥ì±ì´ í¬ë¤ê³ í ì ìë¤. "
"ì´ê²ì´ GNU C ë¼ì´ë¸ë¬ë¦¬ë¥¼ LGPLë¡ ê´ë¦¬ëëë¡ í ì ëµì ì¸
ì´ì ì´ë¤."
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"For other libraries, the strategic decision needs to be considered on a case-"
"by-case basis. When a library does a special job that can help write "
@@ -1612,7 +1666,7 @@
"ì ê°ë°ìë¤ì ë
ì ìíí¸ì¨ì´ ê°ë°ìì ëí ë¹êµ
ì°ìì ì´ì ì ê°ê² ë ì ì"
"ì ê²ì´ë¤."
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"Consider GNU Readline, a library that was developed to provide command-line "
"editing for BASH. Readline is released under the ordinary GNU GPL, not the "
@@ -1628,7 +1682,7 @@
"í ì ì©í ìì ìíí¸ì¨ì´ê° íëë¼ë ë§ë¤ì´ ì¡ë¤ë©´
ì´ë ê³µëì²´ ì ì²´ì ìì´ì "
"ë§¤ì° ì ì©í ìíì´ë¼ê³ í ì ìë¤."
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"Proprietary software developers have the advantages money provides; free "
"software developers need to make advantages for each other. I hope some day "
@@ -1644,19 +1698,11 @@
"ì©í 기ë¥ì ìííë 모ëë¡ íì©ë ê²ì´ë©° ë³´ë¤ ëì
ìì ìíí¸ì¨ì´ë¥¼ ê°ë°í"
"ëë° ìì´ì 주ìí ì´ì ë¤ì ì ê³µíê² ë ê²ì´ë¤."
-#. type: Content of: <p>
-msgid ""
-"(1) This license is now called the GNU Lesser General Public License, to "
-"avoid giving the idea that all libraries ought to use it. See <a href=\"/"
-"philosophy/why-not-lgpl.html\">Why you shouldn't use the Lesser GPL for your "
-"next library</a> for more information."
-msgstr ""
-
-#. type: Content of: <h3>
+#. type: Content of: <div><h3>
msgid "Scratching an itch?"
msgstr "ê°ë ¤ì´ ê³³ì ê¸ëë¤?"
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"Eric Raymond says that “Every good work of software starts by "
"scratching a developer's personal itch.” Maybe that happens sometimes, "
@@ -1673,7 +1719,7 @@
"ì ê¸ë¯ì´ ê·¸ëê·¸ë ë§ë¤ì´ ì§ ê²ì´ ìëë¼ ë¹ì ê³¼ ê³íì
ìí´ì ë§ë¤ì´ ì§ ê²ì´"
"ë¤."
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"For example, we developed the GNU C library because a Unix-like system needs "
"a C library, BASH because a Unix-like system needs a shell, and GNU tar "
@@ -1685,7 +1731,7 @@
"ì ì구í기 ë문ì´ìë¤. GNU tarë ë´ê° ì§ì ê°ë°í GNU C
ì»´íì¼ë¬ì GNU "
"Emacs ê·¸ë¦¬ê³ GDBì GNU Makeë ê°ì ì´ì ìì ê°ë°ë
ê²ë¤ì´ìë¤."
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"Some GNU programs were developed to cope with specific threats to our "
"freedom. Thus, we developed gzip to replace the Compress program, which had "
@@ -1707,7 +1753,7 @@
"ìíí¸ì¨ì´ê° ìë 기존ì ì¸ê¸°ìë ìí¸í ìíí¸ì¨ì´ë¥¼
ëì²´í GNU Privacy "
"Guard를 ê°ë°íê³ ì기ë íë¤."
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"Of course, the people writing these programs became interested in the work, "
"and many features were added to them by various people for the sake of their "
@@ -1717,11 +1763,11 @@
"ìì¼ë©° ë§ì ì¬ëë¤ì´ ê·¸ë¤ì íìì ê´ì¬ì ë°ë¼ì
ë¤ìí 기ë¥ë¤ì ë§ë¶ì¬ ê°ê³ "
"ìë¤. ê·¸ë¬ë ì´ë¬í ê²ì´ íë¡ê·¸ë¨ì´ ì¡´ì¬íê² ëë ì´ì
ë ìëë¤."
-#. type: Content of: <h3>
+#. type: Content of: <div><h3>
msgid "Unexpected developments"
msgstr "ìê¸°ì¹ ìì ê°ë°ë¤"
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"At the beginning of the GNU Project, I imagined that we would develop the "
"whole GNU system, then release it as a whole. That is not how it happened."
@@ -1730,7 +1776,7 @@
"체를 ê³µê°íë ¤ê³ ìê°íìë¤. ê·¸ë¬ë ë¤ìê³¼ ê°ì ì´ì ë¡
ì¸í´ì ê·¸ë ê² ëì§ ëª»í"
"ë¤."
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"Since each component of the GNU system was implemented on a Unix system, "
"each component could run on Unix systems long before a complete GNU system "
@@ -1744,7 +1790,7 @@
"ê·¸ë¨ì íì¥íê±°ë í¸íì´ ëì§ ìë ë¤ìí ì¢
ë¥ì ì
ëì¤ë¡ ì´ììì¼°ë¤. ëí ì "
"ëì¤ ì´ì¸ì ì´ìì²´ì ë¡ ì´ìì´ ì´ë£¨ì´ ì§ê¸°ë íë¤."
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"The process made these programs much more powerful, and attracted both funds "
"and contributors to the GNU Project. But it probably also delayed "
@@ -1759,11 +1805,11 @@
"ë¥ì ë§ë¶ì´ê±°ë ë¤ë¥¸ ìì¤í
ì¼ë¡ ì´ìíëë° ìê°ì
í¬ìíëë¡ ë§ë¤ì기 ë문ì "
"ëì ê°ë¥í ìµìíì ìì¤í
ì ìì±íëë° ëªë
ì´
ì§ì°ëë 결과를 ê°ì ¸ìë¤."
-#. type: Content of: <h3>
+#. type: Content of: <div><h3>
msgid "The GNU Hurd"
msgstr "GNU Hurd"
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
# | By 1990, the GNU system was almost complete; the only major missing
# | component was the kernel. We had decided to implement our kernel as a
# | collection of server processes running on top of Mach. Mach is a
@@ -1805,7 +1851,7 @@
"Hurdì ê°ë°ì Mach를 ìì ìíí¸ì¨ì´ë¡ ë°°í¬íë¤ê³ ìê³
íë ì기ê¹ì§ ì§ì°ëì"
"ë¤."
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"One reason for choosing this design was to avoid what seemed to be the "
"hardest part of the job: debugging a kernel program without a source-level "
@@ -1823,11 +1869,11 @@
"íë ê²ë ë§¤ì° ì´ë ¤ì´ ìì
ì´ìë¤. ì´ë¬í ì´ì ë¡ ì¸í´ì
Hurd를 ë§ëë ìì
ì"
"ë ë§ì ìê°ì´ ììëìë¤."
-#. type: Content of: <h3>
+#. type: Content of: <div><h3>
msgid "Alix"
msgstr "Alix"
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"The GNU kernel was not originally supposed to be called the Hurd. Its "
"original name was Alix—named after the woman who was my sweetheart at "
@@ -1843,7 +1889,7 @@
"ë¤ìê² ëë´ì²ë¼ ë§í곤 íë¤. ëë ì무 ë§ë íì§
ììì§ë§ Alix를 커ëì ì´ë¦"
"ì¼ë¡ ì¬ì©í´ì ê·¸ë
를 ëë¼ê² í´ì£¼ë¦¬ë¼ ë§ì먹ìë¤."
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
# | It did not stay that way. Michael [-Bushnell-] (now [-Thomas),-]
# | {+Thomas) Bushnell,+} the main developer of the kernel, preferred the name
# | Hurd, and redefined Alix to refer to a certain part of the
@@ -1867,7 +1913,7 @@
"ë°©ë²ì íµí´ì ìì¤í
ì½ì í¸ë©íê³ ì ì´í ì ìë
커ëì í ë¶ë¶ì¼ë¡ ë³ê²½ìì¼°"
"ë¤."
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
# | [-Ultimately,-]{+Later,+} Alix and I broke up, and she changed her name;
# | independently, the Hurd design was changed so that the C library would
# | send messages directly to servers, and this made the Alix component
@@ -1888,7 +1934,7 @@
"ì ì ë¬í ì ìë ííë¡ ìì ëìë¤. ì´ë¬í ì´ì ë¡
Alixë HURDìì ì¬ë¼ì§ê² "
"ëìë¤."
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
# | But before these things happened, a friend of hers came across the name
# | Alix in the Hurd source code, and mentioned [-the name-] {+it+} to her.
# | So [-the name-] {+she+} did [-its job.-] {+have the chance to find a
@@ -1907,11 +1953,11 @@
"í¬í¨ëì´ ìë Alixë¼ë ì´ë¦ì 본 ì ì´ ììê³ , Alixìê² ê·¸
ì¬ì¤ì ì í´ì¤ì¼ë¡"
"ì¨ ëì ìëë ê·¸ë
ìê² ì ë¬ë ì ììë¤."
-#. type: Content of: <h3>
+#. type: Content of: <div><h3>
msgid "Linux and GNU/Linux"
msgstr "리ë
ì¤ì GNU/Linux"
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"The GNU Hurd is not suitable for production use, and we don't know if it "
"ever will be. The capability-based design has problems that result directly "
@@ -1919,7 +1965,7 @@
"exist."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
# | [-The GNU Hurd is not ready for production use.-]Fortunately, another
# | kernel is available. In 1991, Linus Torvalds developed a Unix-compatible
# | kernel and called it Linux. [-Around-] {+It was proprietary at first,
@@ -1951,20 +1997,20 @@
"ë¨ìí ìì
ì´ ìë ìë¹í ë
¸ë ¥ì´ íìí ì¤ì ì ì¸ ìì
ì´ìë¤.) ë°ë¼ì íì¬ ì¬"
"ì©ëê³ ìë GNU ìì¤í
ì 리ë
ì¤ ëë¶ì ê°ë¥íë
ê²ì´ë¼ê³ í ì ìë¤."
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"We call this system version <a href=\"/gnu/linux-and-gnu.html\"> GNU/Linux</"
"a>, to express its composition as a combination of the GNU system with Linux "
"as the kernel. Please don't fall into the practice of calling the whole "
-"system “Linux”, since that means attributing our work to someone "
+"system “Linux,” since that means attributing our work to someone "
"else. Please <a href=\"/gnu/gnu-linux-faq.html\"> give us equal mention</a>."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Content of: <h3>
+#. type: Content of: <div><h3>
msgid "Challenges in our future"
msgstr "미ëì ëì ë¤"
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"We have proved our ability to develop a broad spectrum of free software. "
"This does not mean we are invincible and unstoppable. Several challenges "
@@ -1980,15 +2026,15 @@
"ë©° ëëë¡ ëªë
ì´ ììë기ë í ê²ì´ë¤. ëí ìì 를
ìì¤í ì¬ê¸°ê³ ì´ë¥¼ ë구ì"
"ê²ë ë¹¼ìê¸°ì§ ìê² ë¤ë ìì¬ë¥¼ ë¶ëª
í íííë ¤ë
ì¬ëë¤ì ê²°ë¨ì´ íìíë¤."
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid "The following four sections discuss these challenges."
msgstr "ì°ë¦¬ìê² ë¹ë©´í´ ìë ì¥ì ë ë¤ìê³¼ ê°ì ê²ë¤ì´ë¤."
-#. type: Content of: <h3>
+#. type: Content of: <div><h3>
msgid "Secret hardware"
msgstr "ë¹ë°ì¤ë° íëì¨ì´"
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"Hardware manufacturers increasingly tend to keep hardware specifications "
"secret. This makes it difficult to write free drivers so that Linux and "
@@ -2001,7 +2047,7 @@
"ë¤. íì¬ ì°ë¦¬ë¤ì ìì±ë ìì ì´ìì²´ì 를 ê°ê³ ìì§ë§
ìì¼ë¡ ê°ë°ë ì»´í¨í°ë¥¼ "
"ì§ìí ì ìë¤ë©´ ê·¸ë ê² ëì§ ëª»í ìë ìì ê²ì´ë¤."
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"There are two ways to cope with this problem. Programmers can do reverse "
"engineering to figure out how to support the hardware. The rest of us can "
@@ -2017,14 +2063,29 @@
"ì©íë ì¬ëì´ ì¦ê°í ìë¡ íëì¨ì´ ì¤íì ê³µê°íì§
ìë 방침ì ê²°êµ ì¤ì¤ë¡ì "
"í를 ìì´íë ì íì´ ë ê²ì´ë¤."
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
+# | Reverse engineering is a big job; will we have programmers with sufficient
+# | determination to undertake it? Yes—if we have built up a strong
+# | feeling that free software is a matter of principle, and nonfree drivers
+# | are intolerable. And will large numbers of us spend extra money, or even
+# | a little extra time, so we can use free drivers? Yes, if the determination
+# | to have freedom is [-widespread.-] {+widespread. <a
+# | href=\"#ft8\">[8]</a>+}
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "Reverse engineering is a big job; will we have programmers with "
+#| "sufficient determination to undertake it? Yes—if we have built up a "
+#| "strong feeling that free software is a matter of principle, and nonfree "
+#| "drivers are intolerable. And will large numbers of us spend extra money, "
+#| "or even a little extra time, so we can use free drivers? Yes, if the "
+#| "determination to have freedom is widespread."
msgid ""
"Reverse engineering is a big job; will we have programmers with sufficient "
"determination to undertake it? Yes—if we have built up a strong "
"feeling that free software is a matter of principle, and nonfree drivers are "
"intolerable. And will large numbers of us spend extra money, or even a "
"little extra time, so we can use free drivers? Yes, if the determination to "
-"have freedom is widespread."
+"have freedom is widespread. <a href=\"#ft8\">[8]</a>"
msgstr ""
"리ë²ì¤ ìì§ëì´ë§ì ë§¤ì° ë°©ëí ìì
ì´ë¤. ì°ë¦¬ê° ê³¼ì°
ì´ë¬í ì¼ì ìíí ì "
"ìë ê²°ë¨ì ê°ì§ íë¡ê·¸ë머ë¤ì ê°ì§ ì ììê¹? ë§ì½
ì°ë¦¬ê° ìì ìíí¸ì¨ì´"
@@ -2034,19 +2095,11 @@
"í ì´ì ê° ìì§ ììê¹? ìì 를 ëë¦¬ë ¤ë ê²°ë¨ì´ ë리
íì°ëë¤ë©´ ì¼ë§ë ì§ ê°ë¥"
"í ê²ì´ë¤."
-#. type: Content of: <p>
-msgid ""
-"(2008 note: this issue extends to the BIOS as well. There is a free BIOS, "
-"<a href=\"http://www.libreboot.org/\";>LibreBoot</a> (a distribution of "
-"coreboot); the problem is getting specs for machines so that LibreBoot can "
-"support them without nonfree “blobs”.)"
-msgstr ""
-
-#. type: Content of: <h3>
+#. type: Content of: <div><h3>
msgid "Nonfree libraries"
msgstr "ìì ìíí¸ì¨ì´ê° ìë ë¼ì´ë¸ë¬ë¦¬ë¤"
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"A nonfree library that runs on free operating systems acts as a trap for "
"free software developers. The library's attractive features are the bait; "
@@ -2067,7 +2120,7 @@
"íë¡ê·¸ë¨ì´ ë§¤ì° ì¸ê¸°ìë íë¡ê·¸ë¨ì´ ëë¤ë©´ ì´ë¬í
ë¼ì´ë¸ë¬ë¦¬ì ê´ì¬ì ê°ê³ ì"
"ì§ ìë íë¡ê·¸ë머ë¤ì ê°ì ì í¹ì ë¹ ë¨ë¦´ ì ìë¤ë ì
ì´ë¤."
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"The first instance of this problem was the Motif toolkit, back in the 80s. "
"Although there were as yet no free operating systems, it was clear what "
@@ -2088,7 +2141,7 @@
"Moti를 ì¬ì©íë ëë¶ë¶ì íë¡ê·¸ë¨ì ì§ìí ì ìë
LessTif ë¼ì´ë¸ë¬ë¦¬ê° ìì±"
"ëìë¤."
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"Between 1996 and 1998, another nonfree <abbr title=\"Graphical User Interface"
"\">GUI</abbr> toolkit library, called Qt, was used in a substantial "
@@ -2100,7 +2153,7 @@
"ìì ìíí¸ì¨ì´ì¸ <abbr title=\"K Desktop Environment\">KDE</abbr>ì
ì¬ì©ë"
"ë íµì¬ ììì´ë¤."
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"Free GNU/Linux systems were unable to use KDE, because we could not use the "
"library. However, some commercial distributors of GNU/Linux systems who "
@@ -2117,7 +2170,7 @@
"ì ì¼ë¡ ê¶ì¥íê³ ìë¡ê² 리ë
ì¤ë¥¼ ì¬ì©íê² ë ìë§ì
ì¬ëë¤ì ì´ë¬í 문ì 를 미"
"ì² ìê°íì§ë 못í ì± KDE를 ì¬ì©íê² ëìë¤. ìí©ì´
ë¬´ì² ì¬ê°í´ ì§ ê²ì´ë¤."
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"The free software community responded to the problem in two ways: GNOME and "
"Harmony."
@@ -2125,7 +2178,7 @@
"ìì ìíí¸ì¨ì´ ê³µëì²´ë GNOMEê³¼ Harmonyë¼ë 2ê°ì§
ë°©ë²ì¼ë¡ ì´ ë¬¸ì ì ëìí"
"ë¤."
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"GNOME, the GNU Network Object Model Environment, is GNU's desktop project. "
"Started in 1997 by Miguel de Icaza, and developed with the support of Red "
@@ -2151,7 +2204,7 @@
"ì ìíí¸ì¨ì´ê° ìë ì´ë í íë¡ê·¸ë¨ì 기ë¥ë ìì
ìíí¸ì¨ì´ ììì 충족ì"
"í¤ê¸° ìí ê²ì´ë¤."
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"Harmony is a compatible replacement library, designed to make it possible to "
"run KDE software without using Qt."
@@ -2159,13 +2212,28 @@
"ëíëì ëìì¸ Harmonyë KDE ìíí¸ì¨ì´ë¤ì Qt ìì´ë
ì¬ì©í ì ìëë¡ í기 "
"ìí´ì ê°ë°ë ë¼ì´ë¸ë¬ë¦¬ì´ë¤."
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
+# | In November 1998, the developers of Qt announced a change of license
+# | which, when carried out, should make Qt free software. There is no way to
+# | be sure, but I think that this was partly due to the community's firm
+# | response to the problem that Qt posed when it was nonfree. (The new
+# | license is inconvenient and inequitable, so it remains desirable to avoid
+# | using [-Qt.)-] {+Qt. <a href=\"#ft9\">[9]</a>)+}
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "In November 1998, the developers of Qt announced a change of license "
+#| "which, when carried out, should make Qt free software. There is no way "
+#| "to be sure, but I think that this was partly due to the community's firm "
+#| "response to the problem that Qt posed when it was nonfree. (The new "
+#| "license is inconvenient and inequitable, so it remains desirable to avoid "
+#| "using Qt.)"
msgid ""
"In November 1998, the developers of Qt announced a change of license which, "
"when carried out, should make Qt free software. There is no way to be sure, "
"but I think that this was partly due to the community's firm response to the "
"problem that Qt posed when it was nonfree. (The new license is inconvenient "
-"and inequitable, so it remains desirable to avoid using Qt.)"
+"and inequitable, so it remains desirable to avoid using Qt. <a href="
+"\"#ft9\">[9]</a>)"
msgstr ""
"1998ë
11ìì Qtì ê°ë°ìë¤ì Qt를 ìì ìíí¸ì¨ì´ë¡
ë³ê²½í ê²ì´ë¼ê³ ë°íí"
"ë¤. ê·¸ë¬ë ì´ê²ì ìì§ê¹ì§ íì¤í ê²ì´ ìëë©°, ë¶ë¶ì
ì¼ë¡ Qtê° ìì ìíí¸ì¨"
@@ -2173,13 +2241,7 @@
"ê²°ê³¼ë¼ê³ í ì ìë¤.(Qtì ìë¡ì´ ë¼ì´ì¼ì¤ìë ì¬ì í
ë¶ì¶©ë¶í ì ì´ ë§ì´ ìì¼"
"ë¯ë¡ ê°ë¥í Qt를 ì¬ì©íì§ ìë ê²ì´ ë°ëì§íë¤.)"
-#. type: Content of: <p>
-msgid ""
-"[Subsequent note: in September 2000, Qt was rereleased under the GNU GPL, "
-"which essentially solved this problem.]"
-msgstr ""
-
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"How will we respond to the next tempting nonfree library? Will the whole "
"community understand the need to stay out of the trap? Or will many of us "
@@ -2191,20 +2253,20 @@
"ë ê¹? ê·¸ë ì§ ìë¤ë©´ í¸ë¦¬í¨ì íê³ì¼ì ìì 를 í¬ê¸°íê³
ì¤ìí 문ì 를 ë§ë¤ì´ ë´"
"ì§ë ììê¹? ì°ë¦¬ì 미ëë ë¤ë¦ìë ì°ë¦¬ë¤ ìì ì ì²
íì ë¬ë ¤ìë ê²ì´ë¤."
-#. type: Content of: <h3>
+#. type: Content of: <div><h3>
msgid "Software patents"
msgstr "ìíí¸ì¨ì´ì ëí 기ì í¹í"
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
# | The worst threat we face comes from software patents, which can put
# | algorithms and features off limits to free software for up to twenty
# | years. The LZW compression algorithm patents were applied for in 1983,
# | and we still cannot release free software to produce proper compressed
-# | <abbr title=\"Graphics Interchange Format\">GIF</abbr>s. {+[As of 2009
-# | they have expired.]+} In 1998, a free program to produce <abbr
-# | title=\"MPEG-1 Audio Layer 3\">MP3</abbr> compressed audio was removed
-# | from distribution under threat of a patent suit. {+[As of 2017, these
-# | patents have expired. Look how long we had to wait.]+}
+# | <abbr title=\"Graphics Interchange [-Format\">GIF</abbr>s.-]
+# | {+Format\">GIF</abbr>s. <a href=\"#ft10\">[10]</a>+} In 1998, a free
+# | program to produce <abbr title=\"MPEG-1 Audio Layer 3\">MP3</abbr>
+# | compressed audio was removed from distribution under threat of a patent
+# | [-suit.-] {+suit. <a href=\"#ft11\">[11]</a>+}
#, fuzzy
#| msgid ""
#| "The worst threat we face comes from software patents, which can put "
@@ -2220,11 +2282,10 @@
"algorithms and features off limits to free software for up to twenty years. "
"The LZW compression algorithm patents were applied for in 1983, and we still "
"cannot release free software to produce proper compressed <abbr title="
-"\"Graphics Interchange Format\">GIF</abbr>s. [As of 2009 they have "
-"expired.] In 1998, a free program to produce <abbr title=\"MPEG-1 Audio "
-"Layer 3\">MP3</abbr> compressed audio was removed from distribution under "
-"threat of a patent suit. [As of 2017, these patents have expired. Look how "
-"long we had to wait.]"
+"\"Graphics Interchange Format\">GIF</abbr>s. <a href=\"#ft10\">[10]</"
+"a> In 1998, a free program to produce <abbr title=\"MPEG-1 Audio Layer "
+"3\">MP3</abbr> compressed audio was removed from distribution under threat "
+"of a patent suit. <a href=\"#ft11\">[11]</a>"
msgstr ""
"ì°ë¦¬ê° ë¹ë©´íê³ ìë ê°ì¥ í° ìíì ë°ë¡ ìíí¸ì¨ì´ì
ëí í¹íë¡ ë¶í° ë°ìë"
"ë¤. ìê³ ë¦¬ì¦ê³¼ ìë¡ì´ 기ì ì ë¶ì¬ëë í¹íë 20ë
ê¹ì§
ë³´ì¥ëë¯ë¡ ì´ë¬í ìì"
@@ -2235,7 +2296,7 @@
"ì ë°°í¬íìì <abbr title=\"MPEG-1 Audio Layer 3\">MP3</abbr> ì¤ëì¤
ìì¶ í"
"ë¡ê·¸ë¨ì ì ì¸í ìë°ì ììë¤."
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
# | There are ways to cope with patents: we can search for evidence that a
# | patent is invalid, and we can look for alternative ways to do a job. But
# | each of these methods works only sometimes; when both fail, a patent may
@@ -2262,7 +2323,7 @@
"í¨í ê²½ì°ìë ì¬ì©ìë¤ì´ ìíë 기ë¥ì ìì
ìíí¸ì¨ì´ì í¬í¨ìí¬ ì ìê² ë "
"ê²ì´ë¤. ë§ì½, ì´ë¬í ì¼ì´ ì¼ì´ëë¤ë©´ ì´ë»ê² í´ì¼ í
ê²ì¸ê°?"
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"Those of us who value free software for freedom's sake will stay with free "
"software anyway. We will manage to get work done without the patented "
@@ -2283,11 +2344,11 @@
"ëììë ë¨ì§ ê·¸ë¬í ë§ë§ì í ê²ì´ ìëë¼ ìì ì ìì
를 ì§ì¼ëê°ê¸° ìí ìì¹"
"ì ëí´ìë í¨ê» ì기 í´ì¼ë§ íë¤."
-#. type: Content of: <h3>
+#. type: Content of: <div><h3>
msgid "Free documentation"
msgstr "ìì 문ì"
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"The biggest deficiency in our free operating systems is not in the "
"software—it is the lack of good free manuals that we can include in "
@@ -2301,7 +2362,7 @@
"ìì ë¡ê² ì´ì©í ì ìë ì¢ì 문ì ìë£ ìì´ ì ê³µëë¤ë©´
ì´ë ì¬ê°í 문ì ë¼ê³ "
"í ì ìëë°, íì¬ ì°ë¦¬ë ì´ë¬í 문ì 를 ë§ì´ ê°ê³ ìë¤."
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"Free documentation, like free software, is a matter of freedom, not price. "
"The criterion for a free manual is pretty much the same as for free "
@@ -2315,7 +2376,7 @@
"ë ìì ì ííë¡ ëª¨ë íì©ëì´ì¼ íë©°, ì´ë¬í 문ì
ìë£ê° í´ë¹ íë¡ê·¸ë¨ê³¼ í¨"
"ê» ì ê³µë ì ìì´ì¼ íë¤."
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"Permission for modification is crucial too. As a general rule, I don't "
"believe that it is essential for people to have permission to modify all "
@@ -2328,7 +2389,7 @@
"ë¶ì´ ì½ê³ ìë ë°ë¡ ì´ê¸ê³¼ ê°ì´ ì°ë¦¬ë¤ì ìê°ì´ë
íëì ì¤ëª
í ê¸ì ê°ìí "
"ì ìëë¡ íì©í íìë ìë ê²ì´ë¤."
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
# | But there is a particular reason why the freedom to modify is crucial for
# | documentation for free software. When people exercise their right to
# | modify the software, and add or change its features, if they are
@@ -2361,7 +2422,7 @@
"ë¤. ê·¸ë¬ë ë§ì½ íë¡ê·¸ë머ë¤ìê² ì´ë¬í ìì
ì´
íì©ëì§ ìëë¤ë©´, ê²°êµ ê³µëì²´"
"ê° íìë¡ íë ì구ë¤ì 충족ìí¤ì§ 못íê² ëë ê²ì´ë¤."
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"Some kinds of limits on how modifications are done pose no problem. For "
"example, requirements to preserve the original author's copyright notice, "
@@ -2383,7 +2444,7 @@
"ì ìì íë ë° ë³ë¤ë¥¸ ì§ì¥ì ì£¼ì§ ì기 ë문ì´ë¤. ì¦
ì´ë¬í ì íë¤ì ê³µëì²´ê° "
"매ë´ì¼ì ì¨ì í íì©íë ê²ì ì ííë ì기 ë문ì 문ì
ê° ëì§ ìëë¤."
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"However, it must be possible to modify all the <em>technical</em> content of "
"the manual, and then distribute the result in all the usual media, through "
@@ -2395,7 +2456,7 @@
"ë©´ ì´ë¬í ì íë¤ì ê³µëì²´ì íì를 ê°ë¡ë§ë ì¥ì ê°
ëì´ ê²°êµ ìì ë¡ê² ì¬ì©í "
"ì ìë ëë¤ë¥¸ 매ë´ì¼ì´ íìí ê²ì´ë¤."
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"Will free software developers have the awareness and determination to "
"produce a full spectrum of free manuals? Once again, our future depends on "
@@ -2405,14 +2466,24 @@
"íê³ ì´ë¥¼ ì¤ì²í ì ììê¹? ë¤ì íë² ë°ë³µëë
ë§ì´ì§ë§, ì°ë¦¬ì 미ëë ë¤ë¦ì"
"ë ì°ë¦¬ë¤ ìì ì ì² íì ë¬ë ¤ìë ê²ì´ë¤."
-#. type: Content of: <h3>
+#. type: Content of: <div><h3>
msgid "We must talk about freedom"
msgstr "ì°ë¦¬ë ìì ì ëí´ì ì기 í´ì¼ë§ íë¤."
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
+# | Estimates today are that there are ten million users of GNU/Linux systems
+# | such as Debian GNU/Linux and Red Hat [-“Linux”.-]
+# | {+“Linux.”+} Free software has developed such practical
+# | advantages that users are flocking to it for purely practical reasons.
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "Estimates today are that there are ten million users of GNU/Linux systems "
+#| "such as Debian GNU/Linux and Red Hat “Linux”. Free software "
+#| "has developed such practical advantages that users are flocking to it for "
+#| "purely practical reasons."
msgid ""
"Estimates today are that there are ten million users of GNU/Linux systems "
-"such as Debian GNU/Linux and Red Hat “Linux”. Free software has "
+"such as Debian GNU/Linux and Red Hat “Linux.” Free software has "
"developed such practical advantages that users are flocking to it for purely "
"practical reasons."
msgstr ""
@@ -2421,7 +2492,7 @@
"ë¤ì ì¤ì©ì ì¸ ëª©ì ì ë°ë¼ ìì§ì´ë©° ìì ìíí¸ì¨ì´ë
ì´ë¬í ë¶ë¶ë¤ì íëë"
"ì© ìììë¤."
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"The good consequences of this are evident: more interest in developing free "
"software, more customers for free software businesses, and more ability to "
@@ -2433,7 +2504,7 @@
"ë¤ ë§ì ê³ ê°ì¸µì´ íì±ë ê²ì´ë¤. ëí ë
ì ìíí¸ì¨ì´ ì
íì ê°ë°íë ëì ì"
"ì© ìì ìíí¸ì¨ì´ë¥¼ ê°ë°íëë¡ ê¸°ì
ë¤ì ëì± ë§ì´ ì¥ë
¤í ì ìì ê²ì´ë¤."
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"But interest in the software is growing faster than awareness of the "
"philosophy it is based on, and this leads to trouble. Our ability to meet "
@@ -2448,7 +2519,7 @@
"ë¤. ì°ë¦¬ì ê³µëì²´ê° ì´ë¬í ìì§ë¥¼ 견ì§í기 ìí´ìë
ì°ë¦¬ì í©ë¥íë ¤ë ì¬ëë¤"
"ìê² ì´ë¬í ì² íì ìê°ë¤ì ê¹ê²ìê² ì¸ììì¼ ì£¼ì´ì¼
íë¤."
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"But we are failing to do so: the efforts to attract new users into our "
"community are far outstripping the efforts to teach them the civics of our "
@@ -2460,11 +2531,11 @@
"ë¬ë ì°ë¦¬ë 2ê°ì§ë¥¼ ìì
ì í¨ê» ë³íí´ì¼ íë©° ì´ë¬í ë
¸ë ¥ë¤ì´ ê· íì ì´ë£¨ë"
"ë¡ íì¨ì¼ íë¤."
-#. type: Content of: <h3>
+#. type: Content of: <div><h3>
msgid "“Open Source”"
msgstr "“ì¤í ì줔"
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"Teaching new users about freedom became more difficult in 1998, when a part "
"of the community decided to stop using the term “free software” "
@@ -2474,7 +2545,7 @@
"ì¡ë¤. ìëíë©´ ê³µëì²´ì ì¼ë¶ìì “ìì
ìíí¸ì¨ì´”ë¼ë ë§ ëì "
"“ì¤í ìì¤ ìíí¸ì¨ì´”ë¼ë ííì ì¬ì©í기
ììí기 ë문ì´ë¤."
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"Some who favored this term aimed to avoid the confusion of “"
"free” with “gratis”—a valid goal. Others, however, "
@@ -2496,7 +2567,7 @@
"ì´ë¥¼ ë§ë¤ ì ìë¤ë ê°ë¥ì±ì ì´ì ì ë§ì¶ ë§ì´ê¸° ë문ì
ìì ì ê³µëì²´ ê·¸ë¦¬ê³ "
"ìì¹ê³¼ ê°ì ê°ë
ì ìëì ì¼ë¡ ì ë¬íì§ ìì¼ë ¤ë
ííì´ë¼ê³ í ì ìë¤."
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"The “Linux” magazines are a clear example of this—they are "
"filled with advertisements for proprietary software that works with GNU/"
@@ -2509,7 +2580,7 @@
"ì겨ë¬ì ë ê³¼ì° ì´ë¬í ì¡ì§ë¤ì´ íë¡ê·¸ë머ë¤ìê² ê·¸
ìíì±ì ê²½ê³ í´ ì¤ ê²ì¸"
"ì§ ìëë©´ ê·¸ ì íì ê´ê³ 를 ì¤ì ê²ì¸ì§ë ëª
ííì§
ììê°?"
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"The support of business can contribute to the community in many ways; all "
"else being equal, it is useful. But winning their support by speaking even "
@@ -2523,12 +2594,24 @@
"ì ì¬ì´ì£¼ë ¤ë ì°ë¦¬ì 2ê°ì§ 목ì ìì ì¡´ì¬íë ë¶ê· íì
ëì± ì¬íìí¤ë ê²°ê³¼"
"ê° ë ê²ì´ë¤."
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
+# | “Free software” and “open source” describe the
+# | same category of software, more or less, but say different things about
+# | the software, and about values. The GNU Project continues to use the term
+# | “free [-software”,-] {+software,”+} to express the idea
+# | that freedom, not just technology, is important.
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "“Free software” and “open source” describe the "
+#| "same category of software, more or less, but say different things about "
+#| "the software, and about values. The GNU Project continues to use the "
+#| "term “free software”, to express the idea that freedom, not "
+#| "just technology, is important."
msgid ""
"“Free software” and “open source” describe the same "
"category of software, more or less, but say different things about the "
"software, and about values. The GNU Project continues to use the term "
-"“free software”, to express the idea that freedom, not just "
+"“free software,” to express the idea that freedom, not just "
"technology, is important."
msgstr ""
"“ìì ìíí¸ì¨ì´”ì “ì¤í ì줔ë ê°ì
ë¶ë¥ì ìíí¸"
@@ -2537,11 +2620,11 @@
"ì¤ìíë¤ê³ ìê°íë “ìì ”ë¼ë ì´ë
ì í¼ë
¥í기 ìí´ì “ì"
"ì ìíí¸ì¨ì´”ë¼ë ì©ì´ë¥¼ ê³ìí´ì ì¬ì©í ê²ì´ë¤"
-#. type: Content of: <h3>
+#. type: Content of: <div><h3>
msgid "Try!"
msgstr "ë
¸ë ¥íë¼!"
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
# | Yoda's [-philosophy-] {+aphorism+} (“There is no
# | ‘try’”) sounds neat, but it doesn't work for me. I have
# | done most of my work while anxious about whether I could do the job, and
@@ -2573,7 +2656,7 @@
"ì¤ì§ ëë°ì ìì기 ë문ì ëë ìµì ì ë¤í´ì ì¸ì ì¼ë©°
ëëë¡ ë ìì ì´ ëë "
"ì ëë¡ ì¹ë¦¬ë¥¼ ê±°ë곤 íë¤."
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"Sometimes I failed; some of my cities have fallen. Then I found another "
"threatened city, and got ready for another battle. Over time, I've learned "
@@ -2585,7 +2668,7 @@
"ìì´ ê¸¸ì´ì§ë©´ì ëë ì ì´ì ê°ì§íë ë°©ë²ì ì²´ëíê²
ëìê³ ë¤ë¥¸ í´ì»¤ë¤ì ë"
"맹과 ì조를 ìì²íë©´ì ë°©ì´í ëìë¡ ë ë곤 íë¤."
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"Nowadays, often I'm not the only one. It is a relief and a joy when I see a "
"regiment of hackers digging in to hold the line, and I realize, this city "
@@ -2602,6 +2685,166 @@
"ë¤! ë§ì½, ì¬ë¬ë¶ì ìì ê° ê³ìí´ì ì§ì¼ì§ê¸°ë¥¼ ìíë¤ë©´
ê·¸ê²ì ì§í¬ ì¤ë¹ë¥¼ í´"
"ì¼ë§ í ê²ì´ë¤."
+#. type: Content of: <div><h3>
+msgid "Footnotes"
+msgstr "ê°ì£¼"
+
+#. type: Content of: <div><ol><li>
+# | [-(1)-]The use of “hacker” to mean “security
+# | breaker” is a confusion on the part of the mass media. We hackers
+# | refuse to recognize that meaning, and continue using the word to [-mean,
+# | “Someone-] {+mean someone+} who loves to [-program and-] {+program,
+# | someone who+} enjoys [-being clever about it.”-] {+playful
+# | cleverness, or the combination of the two. See my article, “<a
+# | href=\"https://stallman.org/articles/on-hacking.html\";>On
+# | Hacking</a>.”+}
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "(1) The use of “hacker” to mean “security "
+#| "breaker” is a confusion on the part of the mass media. We hackers "
+#| "refuse to recognize that meaning, and continue using the word to mean, "
+#| "“Someone who loves to program and enjoys being clever about it."
+#| "”"
+msgid ""
+"The use of “hacker” to mean “security breaker” is a "
+"confusion on the part of the mass media. We hackers refuse to recognize "
+"that meaning, and continue using the word to mean someone who loves to "
+"program, someone who enjoys playful cleverness, or the combination of the "
+"two. See my article, “<a href=\"https://stallman.org/articles/on-";
+"hacking.html\">On Hacking</a>.”"
+msgstr ""
+"(1) í´ì»¤ë¼ë ë¨ì´ê° ìì¤í
ì ë³´ìì ë«ê³ ë¤ì´ê°ì í´ì
í ì¼ì ì ì§ë¥´ë 침ë²ì"
+"ì ìë¯¸ë¡ ì¬ì©ëê³ ìë íì¬ì ê´íì ëì¤ ë§¤ì²´ì
ìí´ì ì¤ëë ê²½í¥ì´ í¬ë¤"
+"ê³ í ì ìë¤. ì°ë¦¬ í´ì»¤ë¤ì ì´ ë¨ì´ë¥¼ 침ë²ìë¼ë
ìë¯¸ê° ìë “íë¡ê·¸ë¨"
+"ì ë§ë¤ê¸° ì¢ìíê³ ë¥ìíê² ë¤ë£° ì ìë, ì¦ íë¡ê·¸ë¨
ì체를 ì¦ê¸°ë ì¬ë"
+"”ì´ë¼ë ìë¯¸ë¡ ì¬ì©íê³ ìë¤."
+
+#. type: Content of: <div><ol><li>
+# | [-(1)-]As an Atheist, I don't follow any religious leaders, but I
+# | sometimes find I admire something one of them has said.
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "(1) As an Atheist, I don't follow any religious leaders, but I sometimes "
+#| "find I admire something one of them has said."
+msgid ""
+"As an Atheist, I don't follow any religious leaders, but I sometimes find I "
+"admire something one of them has said."
+msgstr ""
+"(2) 무ì ë¡ ìë¡ì ëë ì´ë í ì¢
êµ ì§ëìë ë°ë¥´ì§
ìì§ë§, ëëë¡ ê·¸ë¤ì´ ë¨ê¸´ "
+"ê¸ì¸ì ë´ê° íë³µíê³ ìë¤ë ì¬ì¤ì 깨ë«ê³¤
íë¤.(<b>ìì주:</b> ìì ê¸ì¸ì í"
+"무ë í ë¼ì “ìëí ì¸ëª
ì ëë¹” ì¥ìì ì¸ì©ë
ê²ì¼ë¡, íë ì ì"
+"ì íìì ì ì¤ì¡´íë ì ë ëë¹ì ì´ë¦ì´ë¤.)"
+
+#. type: Content of: <div><ol><li>
+# | [-(1)-]In 1984 or 1985, Don Hopkins (a very imaginative fellow) mailed me
+# | a letter. [-On-] {+<a href=\"/graphics/copyleft-sticker.html\">On+} the
+# | [-envelope-] {+envelope</a>+} he had written several amusing sayings,
+# | including this one: “Copyleft—all rights reversed.” I
+# | used the word “copyleft” to name the distribution concept I
+# | was developing at the time.
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "(1) In 1984 or 1985, Don Hopkins (a very imaginative fellow) mailed me a "
+#| "letter. On the envelope he had written several amusing sayings, "
+#| "including this one: “Copyleft—all rights reversed.” I "
+#| "used the word “copyleft” to name the distribution concept I "
+#| "was developing at the time."
+msgid ""
+"In 1984 or 1985, Don Hopkins (a very imaginative fellow) mailed me a "
+"letter. <a href=\"/graphics/copyleft-sticker.html\">On the envelope</a> he "
+"had written several amusing sayings, including this one: “"
+"Copyleft—all rights reversed.” I used the word “"
+"copyleft” to name the distribution concept I was developing at the "
+"time."
+msgstr ""
+"(3) 1984ë
ì¸ì§ 85ë
ì¸ì§ ì íí 기ìµëì§ë ìì§ë§, ë
íí¨ì¤(Don Hopkins)ë¼ë "
+"ì¬ëì´ ë´ê² í¸ì§ë¥¼ ë³´ë´ì¨ ì ì´ ììë¤.(ê·¸ë ë§¤ì° ììë
¥ì´ íë¶í ì¹êµ¬ìë¤.) "
+"ê·¸ê° ë³´ë¸ í¸ì§ ë´í¬ìë ì¬ë¯¸ìë ë¬¸êµ¬ê° ëªê° ì°ì¬ì ¸
ììëë° ê·¸ ì¤ì “"
+"ì¹´í¼ë íí¸ – 모ë ê¶ë¦¬ë ì·¨ìë©ëë¤.”ë¼ë 구ì
ì´ ììê³ ëë "
+"“ì¹´í¼ë íí¸”ë¼ë ë¨ì´ë¥¼ ë¹ìì ë´ê° ìê°íê³
ìë ë°°í¬ íí를 ë"
+"íë´ë ì´ë¦ì¼ë¡ ì¬ì©íê² ëìë¤."
+
+#. type: Content of: <div><ol><li>
+msgid ""
+"We now use the <a href=\"/licenses/fdl.html\">GNU Free Documentation "
+"License</a> for documentation."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <div><ol><li>
+# | [-(1)-]“Bourne Again Shell” is a [-joke-] {+play+} on the name
+# | “Bourne [-Shell”,-] {+Shell,”+} which was the usual
+# | shell on Unix.
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "(1) “Bourne Again Shell” is a joke on the name “Bourne "
+#| "Shell”, which was the usual shell on Unix."
+msgid ""
+"“Bourne Again Shell” is a play on the name “Bourne Shell,"
+"” which was the usual shell on Unix."
+msgstr ""
+"(4) “Bourne Again Shell”ì´ë¼ë ì´ë¦ì ì ëì¤ìì
ì¼ë°ì ì¼ë¡ ì¬ì©"
+"ëë ì
¸ íë¡ê·¸ë¨ì¸ “Bourne Shell (본ì
¸)”ì ë¹ëì´
ë§ë ì¬ë¯¸ìë "
+"ííì´ë¤. BASHë ë¤ë¥¸ ì
¸ë¤ê³¼ë ë¬ë¦¬ ì½ì´ ê·¸ëë¡
ë°°ì¬ì´ë¼ê³ ë°ìíë©°, Bourne "
+"Againì ë°ìì born againì´ ëì´ ìµì´ì ì
¸ì¸ 본ì
¸ì
ì¬íì´ë¼ë ì미를 ê°ê² ë"
+"ë¤."
+
+#. type: Content of: <div><ol><li>
+msgid ""
+"That was written in 1998. In 2009 we no longer maintain a long task list. "
+"The community develops free software so fast that we can't even keep track "
+"of it all. Instead, we have a list of High Priority Projects, a much "
+"shorter list of projects we really want to encourage people to write."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <div><ol><li>
+msgid ""
+"This license is now called the GNU Lesser General Public License, to avoid "
+"giving the idea that all libraries ought to use it. See <a href=\"/"
+"philosophy/why-not-lgpl.html\">Why you shouldn't use the Lesser GPL for your "
+"next library</a> for more information."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <div><ol><li>
+msgid ""
+"2008 note: this issue extends to the BIOS as well. There is a free BIOS, <a "
+"href=\"https://libreboot.org/\";>LibreBoot</a> (a distribution of coreboot); "
+"the problem is getting specs for machines so that LibreBoot can support them "
+"without nonfree “blobs.”"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <div><ol><li>
+msgid ""
+"In September 2000, Qt was rereleased under the GNU GPL, which essentially "
+"solved this problem."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <div><ol><li>
+msgid "As of 2009, the GIF patents have expired."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <div><ol><li>
+msgid ""
+"As of 2017, the MP3 patents have expired. Look how long we had to wait."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <div><div><p>
+# | Originally published in the book [-<em>Open Sources</em>.-] {+<cite>Open
+# | Sources</cite>. Richard Stallman was <a
+# | href=\"/philosophy/open-source-misses-the-point.html\"> never a supporter
+# | of “open source”</a>, but contributed this article so that the
+# | ideas of the free software movement would not be entirely absent from that
+# | book.+}
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid "Originally published in the book <em>Open Sources</em>."
+msgid ""
+"Originally published in the book <cite>Open Sources</cite>. Richard "
+"Stallman was <a href=\"/philosophy/open-source-misses-the-point.html\"> "
+"never a supporter of “open source”</a>, but contributed this "
+"article so that the ideas of the free software movement would not be "
+"entirely absent from that book."
+msgstr ""
+"ì´ ê¸ì ì²ìì “ì¤í ì줔ë¼ë ì±
ì í¬í¨ëì´
ì¶íëìë ê²ì
ëë¤."
+
#. TRANSLATORS: Use space (SPC) as msgstr if you don't have notes.
#. type: Content of: <div>
msgid "*GNUN-SLOT: TRANSLATOR'S NOTES*"
@@ -2634,6 +2877,7 @@
"ììµëë¤. ëì´ì§ ë§í¬ë ë¤ë¥¸ ìì ì¬í ëë ì ìì <a
href=\"mailto:";
"webmasters@gnu.org\"><webmasters@gnu.org></a> ìì¼ë¡ ë³´ë´
주ì¸ì."
+# TODO: submitting -> contributing.
#. TRANSLATORS: Ignore the original text in this paragraph,
#. replace it with the translation of these two:
#. We work hard and do our best to provide accurate, good quality
@@ -2641,14 +2885,20 @@
#. Please send your comments and general suggestions in this regard
#. to <a href="mailto:web-translators@gnu.org";>
#. <web-translators@gnu.org></a>.</p>
-#. <p>For information on coordinating and submitting translations of
+#. <p>For information on coordinating and contributing translations of
#. our web pages, see <a
#. href="/server/standards/README.translations.html">Translations
#. README</a>.
#. type: Content of: <div><div><p>
+# || No change detected. The change might only be in amounts of spaces.
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "Please see the <a href=\"/server/standards/README.translations.html"
+#| "\">Translations README</a> for information on coordinating and "
+#| "contributing translations of this article."
msgid ""
"Please see the <a href=\"/server/standards/README.translations.html"
-"\">Translations README</a> for information on coordinating and submitting "
+"\">Translations README</a> for information on coordinating and contributing "
"translations of this article."
msgstr ""
"ì´ ê¸ì ë¤ë¥¸ ì¸ì´ ë²ì문 ìì±ì´ë ì ì¶ì ëí ì ë³´ë <a
href=\"/server/"
@@ -2657,8 +2907,8 @@
#. type: Content of: <div><p>
#, fuzzy
msgid ""
-"Copyright © 1998, 2001, 2002, 2005, 2006, 2007, 2008, 2010, 2014, 2015, "
-"2017, 2018, 2020 Richard Stallman"
+"Copyright © 1998, 2005, 2008, 2010, 2012, 2015, 2017, 2018, 2021 "
+"Richard Stallman"
msgstr "Copyright © 1998, 2001, 2002 Richard Stallman"
#. type: Content of: <div><p>
Index: thegnuproject.lt-diff.html
===================================================================
RCS file: /web/www/www/gnu/po/thegnuproject.lt-diff.html,v
retrieving revision 1.11
retrieving revision 1.12
diff -u -b -r1.11 -r1.12
--- thegnuproject.lt-diff.html 30 May 2021 19:32:26 -0000 1.11
+++ thegnuproject.lt-diff.html 24 Oct 2021 07:31:38 -0000 1.12
@@ -11,16 +11,25 @@
</style></head>
<body><pre>
<!--#include virtual="/server/header.html" -->
-<!-- Parent-Version: <span
class="removed"><del><strong>1.77</strong></del></span> <span
class="inserted"><ins><em>1.86</em></ins></span> -->
+<!-- Parent-Version: <span
class="removed"><del><strong>1.77</strong></del></span> <span
class="inserted"><ins><em>1.96 -->
+<!-- This page is derived from /server/standards/boilerplate.html -->
+<!--#set var="TAGS" value="gnu-history" -->
+<!--#set var="DISABLE_TOP_ADDENDUM" value="yes"</em></ins></span> -->
<title>About the GNU Project
- GNU Project - Free Software Foundation</title>
<meta http-equiv="Keywords" content="GNU, GNU Project, FSF, Free Software,
Free Software Foundation, History" />
<!--#include virtual="/gnu/po/thegnuproject.translist" -->
<!--#include virtual="/server/banner.html" -->
+<span class="inserted"><ins><em><!--#include
virtual="/gnu/gnu-breadcrumb.html" -->
+<!--GNUN: OUT-OF-DATE NOTICE-->
+<!--#include virtual="/server/top-addendum.html" -->
+<div class="article reduced-width"></em></ins></span>
<h2>The GNU Project</h2>
-<p>
-by <a href="http://www.stallman.org/"><strong>Richard
Stallman</strong></a></p>
+<span class="removed"><del><strong><p>
+by</strong></del></span>
+
+<span class="inserted"><ins><em><address
class="byline">by</em></ins></span> <a <span
class="removed"><del><strong>href="http://www.stallman.org/"><strong>Richard
Stallman</strong></a></p>
<blockquote>
<p>
@@ -35,7 +44,8 @@
<a href="/philosophy/free-software-even-more-important.html">to insist
that the software we use be free</a>.
</p>
-</blockquote>
+</blockquote></strong></del></span> <span
class="inserted"><ins><em>href="https://www.stallman.org/">Richard
+Stallman</a></address></em></ins></span>
<h3>The first software-sharing community</h3>
<p>
@@ -51,28 +61,37 @@
The AI Lab used a timesharing operating system called
<span class="removed"><del><strong><acronym</strong></del></span>
<span class="inserted"><ins><em><abbr</em></ins></span> title="Incompatible
Timesharing <span
class="removed"><del><strong>System">ITS</acronym></strong></del></span>
<span class="inserted"><ins><em>System">ITS</abbr></em></ins></span>
(the
-Incompatible Timesharing System) that the lab's staff hackers (1) had
+Incompatible Timesharing System) that the lab's staff <span
class="removed"><del><strong>hackers (1)</strong></del></span> <span
class="inserted"><ins><em>hackers <a
href="#ft1">[1]</a></em></ins></span> had
designed and written in assembler language for the Digital
<span class="removed"><del><strong><acronym</strong></del></span>
<span class="inserted"><ins><em><abbr</em></ins></span> title="Programmed
Data <span
class="removed"><del><strong>Processor">PDP</acronym>-10,</strong></del></span>
<span
class="inserted"><ins><em>Processor">PDP</abbr>-10,</em></ins></span>
one of
the large computers of the era. As a member of this community, an AI
Lab staff system hacker, my job was to improve this system.</p>
<p>
-We did not call our software “free software”, because that
+We did not call our software “free <span
class="removed"><del><strong>software”,</strong></del></span> <span
class="inserted"><ins><em>software,”</em></ins></span> because that
term did not yet exist; but that is what it was. Whenever people from
another university or a company wanted to port and use a program, we
gladly let them. If you saw someone using an unfamiliar and
interesting program, you could always ask to see the source code, so
that you could read it, change it, or cannibalize parts of it to make
a new program.</p>
+
+<span class="inserted"><ins><em><div class="announcement comment"
role="complementary">
+<hr class="no-display" /></em></ins></span>
<p>
-(1) The use of “hacker” to mean “security
-breaker” is a confusion on the part of the mass media. We
-hackers refuse to recognize that meaning, and continue using the word
+<span class="removed"><del><strong>(1) The use of “hacker” to mean
“security
+breaker”</strong></del></span>
+<span class="inserted"><ins><em>Why it</em></ins></span> is <span
class="removed"><del><strong>a confusion on the part of the mass media. We
+hackers refuse to recognize</strong></del></span> <span
class="inserted"><ins><em>even more important than ever
+<a href="/philosophy/free-software-even-more-important.html">to
insist</em></ins></span>
+that <span class="removed"><del><strong>meaning, and continue
using</strong></del></span> the <span class="removed"><del><strong>word
to mean someone who loves to program, someone who enjoys playful
cleverness, or the combination of the two. See my
article, <a href="http://stallman.org/articles/on-hacking.html">On
-Hacking</a>.</p>
+Hacking</a>.</p></strong></del></span> <span
class="inserted"><ins><em>software we use be free</a>.
+</p>
+<hr class="no-display" />
+</div></em></ins></span>
<h3>The collapse of the community</h3>
<p>
@@ -85,7 +104,7 @@
The AI Lab hacker community had already collapsed, not long before.
In 1981, the spin-off company Symbolics had hired away nearly all of
the hackers from the AI Lab, and the depopulated community was unable
-to maintain itself. (The book Hackers, by Steve Levy, describes these
+to maintain itself. (The book <span
class="removed"><del><strong>Hackers,</strong></del></span> <span
class="inserted"><ins><em><cite>Hackers</cite>,</em></ins></span>
by Steve Levy, describes these
events, as well as giving a clear picture of this community in its
prime.) When the AI Lab bought a new PDP-10 in 1982, its
administrators decided to use Digital's nonfree timesharing system
@@ -113,7 +132,8 @@
issue.</p>
<p>
When software publishers talk about “enforcing” their
-“rights” or “stopping <a
href="/philosophy/words-to-avoid.html#Piracy">piracy</a>”, what
they
+“rights” or “stopping <a <span
class="removed"><del><strong>href="/philosophy/words-to-avoid.html#Piracy">piracy</a>”,</strong></del></span>
+<span
class="inserted"><ins><em>href="/philosophy/words-to-avoid.html#Piracy">piracy</a>,”</em></ins></span>
what they
actually <em>say</em> is secondary. The real message of these
statements is
in the unstated assumptions they take for granted, which the public is
asked to accept without examination. Let's therefore examine them.</p>
@@ -144,11 +164,15 @@
software, because helping other people is the basis of society.</p>
<p>
There is no room here for an extensive statement of the reasoning
-behind this conclusion, so I refer the reader to the web pages
+behind this conclusion, so I refer the reader to <span
class="removed"><del><strong>the web pages
<a href="/philosophy/why-free.html">
-http://www.gnu.org/philosophy/why-free.html</a> and
-<a href="/philosophy/free-software-even-more-important.html">
-http://www.gnu.org/philosophy/free-software-even-more-important.html</a>.
+http://www.gnu.org/philosophy/why-free.html</a></strong></del></span>
<span class="inserted"><ins><em>“<a
+href="/philosophy/why-free.html">Why Software Should Not Have
+Owners</a>,”</em></ins></span> and
+<span class="removed"><del><strong><a
href="/philosophy/free-software-even-more-important.html">
+http://www.gnu.org/philosophy/free-software-even-more-important.html</a>.</strong></del></span>
<span class="inserted"><ins><em>“<a
+href="/philosophy/free-software-even-more-important.html">Free
+Software Is Even More Important Now</a>.”</em></ins></span>
</p>
<h3>A stark moral choice</h3>
@@ -199,7 +223,7 @@
Unix so that it would be portable, and so that Unix users could easily
switch to it. The name GNU was chosen, following a hacker tradition, as
a recursive acronym for “GNU's Not <span
class="removed"><del><strong>Unix.”</p></strong></del></span> <span
class="inserted"><ins><em>Unix.” It is pronounced
-as <a href="/gnu/pronunciation.html">one syllable with a hard
g</a>.</p></em></ins></span>
+as <a href="/gnu/pronunciation.html">one syllable with a
hard <i>g</i></a>.</p></em></ins></span>
<p>
An operating system does not mean just a kernel, barely enough to run
other programs. In the 1970s, every operating system worthy of the
@@ -208,7 +232,7 @@
Multics had them, VMS had them, and Unix had them. The GNU operating
system would include them too.</p>
<p>
-Later I heard these words, attributed to Hillel (1):</p>
+Later I heard these words, attributed to <span
class="removed"><del><strong>Hillel (1):</p></strong></del></span> <span
class="inserted"><ins><em>Hillel <a
href="#ft2">[2]</a>:</p></em></ins></span>
<blockquote><p>
If I am not for myself, who will be for me?<br />
@@ -217,9 +241,9 @@
</p></blockquote>
<p>
The decision to start the GNU Project was based on a similar spirit.</p>
-<p>
+<span class="removed"><del><strong><p>
(1) As an Atheist, I don't follow any religious leaders, but I
-sometimes find I admire something one of them has said.</p>
+sometimes find I admire something one of them has
said.</p></strong></del></span>
<h3>Free as in freedom</h3>
<p>
@@ -252,13 +276,14 @@
Therefore, a program which people are not free to include on these
collections is not free software.</p>
<p>
-Because of the ambiguity of “free”, people have long
+Because of the ambiguity of <span
class="removed"><del><strong>“free”,</strong></del></span> <span
class="inserted"><ins><em>“free,”</em></ins></span> people have long
looked for alternatives, but no one has found a better term.
The English language has more words and nuances than any other, but it
-lacks a simple, unambiguous, word that means “free”, as in
+lacks a simple, unambiguous, word that means <span
class="removed"><del><strong>“free”,</strong></del></span> <span
class="inserted"><ins><em>“free,”</em></ins></span> as in
freedom—“unfettered” being the word that comes closest in
-meaning. Such alternatives as “liberated”,
-“freedom”, and “open” have either the wrong
+meaning. Such alternatives as <span
class="removed"><del><strong>“liberated”,
+“freedom”,</strong></del></span> <span
class="inserted"><ins><em>“liberated,”
+“freedom,”</em></ins></span> and “open” have either
the wrong
meaning or some other disadvantage.</p>
<h3>GNU software and the GNU system</h3>
@@ -295,7 +320,7 @@
<p>
Shortly before beginning the GNU Project, I heard about the Free
University Compiler Kit, also known as VUCK. (The Dutch word for
-“free” is written with a <em>v</em>.) This was a
compiler
+“free” is written with a <span
class="removed"><del><strong><em>v</em>.)</strong></del></span>
<span class="inserted"><ins><em><i>v</i>.)</em></ins></span> This
was a compiler
designed to handle multiple languages, including C and Pascal, and to
support multiple target machines. I wrote to its author asking if GNU
could use it.</p>
@@ -315,7 +340,7 @@
<p>
I then realized that the Pastel compiler functioned by parsing the
entire input file into a syntax tree, converting the whole syntax tree
-into a chain of “instructions”, and then generating the
+into a chain of <span
class="removed"><del><strong>“instructions”,</strong></del></span>
<span class="inserted"><ins><em>“instructions,”</em></ins></span>
and then generating the
whole output file, without ever freeing any storage. At this point, I
concluded I would have to write a new compiler from scratch. That new
compiler is now known as <span
class="removed"><del><strong><acronym</strong></del></span> <span
class="inserted"><ins><em><abbr</em></ins></span> title="GNU Compiler <span
class="removed"><del><strong>Collection">GCC</acronym>;</strong></del></span>
<span
class="inserted"><ins><em>Collection">GCC</abbr>;</em></ins></span>
@@ -371,7 +396,7 @@
<p>
The developers of the X Window System did not consider this a
problem—they expected and intended this to happen. Their goal was
-not freedom, just “success”, defined as “having many
+not freedom, just <span
class="removed"><del><strong>“success”,</strong></del></span> <span
class="inserted"><ins><em>“success,”</em></ins></span> defined as
“having many
users.” They did not care whether these users had freedom, only
that they should be numerous.</p>
<p>
@@ -389,7 +414,7 @@
The goal of GNU was to give users freedom, not just to be popular. So
we needed to use distribution terms that would prevent GNU software
from being turned into proprietary software. The method we use is
-called “copyleft”.(1)</p>
+called <span
class="removed"><del><strong>“copyleft”.(1)</p></strong></del></span>
<span class="inserted"><ins><em>“copyleft” <a
href="#ft3">[3]</a>.</p></em></ins></span>
<p>
Copyleft uses copyright law, but flips it over to serve the opposite
of its usual purpose: instead of a means for restricting a program, it
@@ -432,7 +457,7 @@
have other kinds of copyleft that are used in specific circumstances.
GNU manuals are copylefted also, but use a much simpler kind of
copyleft, because the complexity of the GNU GPL is not necessary
-for manuals.(2)</p>
+for <span class="removed"><del><strong>manuals.(2)</p>
<p>
(1) In 1984 or 1985, Don Hopkins (a very imaginative fellow) mailed me
a letter. On the envelope he had written several amusing sayings,
@@ -442,14 +467,14 @@
<p>
(2) We now use the <a href="/licenses/fdl.html">GNU Free
-Documentation License</a> for documentation.</p>
+Documentation License</a> for
documentation.</p></strong></del></span> <span
class="inserted"><ins><em>manuals. <a
href="#ft4">[4]</a></p></em></ins></span>
<h3>The Free Software Foundation</h3>
<p>As interest in using Emacs was growing, other people became
involved in the GNU project, and we decided that it was time to seek
funding once again. So in 1985 we created
-the <a href="http://www.fsf.org/">Free Software Foundation</a>
(FSF),
+the <a <span
class="removed"><del><strong>href="http://www.fsf.org/">Free</strong></del></span>
<span
class="inserted"><ins><em>href="https://www.fsf.org/">Free</em></ins></span>
Software Foundation</a> (FSF),
a tax-exempt charity for free software development. The
<span class="removed"><del><strong><acronym</strong></del></span>
<span class="inserted"><ins><em><abbr</em></ins></span> title="Free
Software <span
class="removed"><del><strong>Foundation">FSF</acronym></strong></del></span>
<span
class="inserted"><ins><em>Foundation">FSF</abbr></em></ins></span>
also took over
@@ -463,9 +488,9 @@
redistribute and modify), and Deluxe Distributions (distributions for
which we built the whole collection of software for the customer's
choice of platform). Today the FSF
-still <a href="http://shop.fsf.org/"> sells manuals and other
+still <a <span
class="removed"><del><strong>href="http://shop.fsf.org/"></strong></del></span>
<span
class="inserted"><ins><em>href="https://shop.fsf.org/"></em></ins></span>
sells manuals and other
gear</a>, but it gets the bulk of its funding from members' dues. You
-can join the FSF at <a
href="http://fsf.org/join">fsf.org</a>.</p>
+can join the FSF at <a <span
class="removed"><del><strong>href="http://fsf.org/join">fsf.org</a>.</p></strong></del></span>
<span
class="inserted"><ins><em>href="https://my.fsf.org/join">fsf.org</a>.</p></em></ins></span>
<p>Free Software Foundation employees have written and maintained a
number of GNU software packages. Two notable ones are the C library
@@ -475,15 +500,16 @@
shell used on most GNU/Linux systems is
<span class="removed"><del><strong><acronym</strong></del></span>
<span class="inserted"><ins><em><abbr</em></ins></span> title="Bourne Again
<span
class="removed"><del><strong>Shell">BASH</acronym>,</strong></del></span>
<span class="inserted"><ins><em>Shell">BASH</abbr>,</em></ins></span>
the Bourne Again
-Shell(1), which was developed by FSF employee Brian Fox.</p>
+<span class="removed"><del><strong>Shell(1),</strong></del></span>
+<span class="inserted"><ins><em>SHell <a
href="#ft5">[5]</a>,</em></ins></span> which was developed by FSF
employee Brian Fox.</p>
<p>We funded development of these programs because the GNU Project was
not just about tools or a development environment. Our goal was a
complete operating system, and these programs were needed for that
goal.</p>
-<p>(1) “Bourne Again Shell” is a play on the name
-“Bourne Shell”, which was the usual shell on Unix.</p>
+<span class="removed"><del><strong><p>(1) “Bourne Again
Shell” is a play on the name
+“Bourne Shell”, which was the usual shell on
Unix.</p></strong></del></span>
<h3>Free software support</h3>
@@ -510,7 +536,7 @@
on nonfree software that works with free software. These are not
free software companies, they are proprietary software companies whose
products tempt users away from freedom. They call these programs
-“value-added packages”, which shows the values they
+“value-added <span
class="removed"><del><strong>packages”,</strong></del></span> <span
class="inserted"><ins><em>packages,”</em></ins></span> which shows the
values they
would like us to adopt: convenience above freedom. If we value freedom
more, we should call them “freedom-subtracted” packages.</p>
@@ -568,10 +594,13 @@
other useful software and documentation projects that, we thought, a
truly complete system ought to have.</p>
-<p>Today (1), hardly any Unix components are left in the GNU Task
+<span class="removed"><del><strong><p>Today (1),</strong></del></span>
+
+<span class="inserted"><ins><em><p>Today <a
href="#ft6">[6]</a>,</em></ins></span> hardly any Unix components are
left in the GNU Task
List—those jobs had been done, aside from a few inessential
ones. But the list is full of projects that some might call
-“applications”. Any program that appeals to more than a
+<span
class="removed"><del><strong>“applications”.</strong></del></span>
+<span class="inserted"><ins><em>“applications.”</em></ins></span>
Any program that appeals to more than a
narrow class of users would be a useful thing to add to an operating
system.</p>
@@ -581,16 +610,16 @@
list of games that Unix had. Instead, we listed a spectrum of
different kinds of games that users might like.</p>
-<p>(1) That was written in 1998. In 2009 we no longer maintain a long
+<span class="removed"><del><strong><p>(1) That was written in 1998. In
2009 we no longer maintain a long
task list. The community develops free software so fast that we can't
even keep track of it all. Instead, we have a list of High Priority
Projects, a much shorter list of projects we really want to encourage
-people to write.</p>
+people to write.</p></strong></del></span>
<h3>The GNU Library GPL</h3>
<p>The GNU C library uses a special kind of copyleft called the GNU
-Library General Public License(1), which gives permission to link
+Library General Public <span
class="removed"><del><strong>License(1),</strong></del></span> <span
class="inserted"><ins><em>License <a
href="#ft7">[7]</a>,</em></ins></span> which gives permission to link
proprietary software with the library. Why make this exception?</p>
<p>It is not a matter of principle; there is no principle that says
@@ -636,10 +665,10 @@
useful modules to serve as building blocks in new free software, and
adding up to a major advantage for further free software development.</p>
-<p>(1) This license is now called the GNU Lesser General Public License,
+<span class="removed"><del><strong><p>(1) This license is now called the
GNU Lesser General Public License,
to avoid giving the idea that all libraries ought to use it.
See <a href="/philosophy/why-not-lgpl.html">Why you shouldn't use the
-Lesser GPL for your next library</a> for more information.</p>
+Lesser GPL for your next library</a> for more
information.</p></strong></del></span>
<h3>Scratching an itch?</h3>
<p>
@@ -755,7 +784,7 @@
We call this system version <a href="/gnu/linux-and-gnu.html">
GNU/Linux</a>, to express its composition as a combination of the GNU
system with Linux as the kernel. Please don't fall into the practice
-of calling the whole system “Linux”, since that means
+of calling the whole system <span
class="removed"><del><strong>“Linux”,</strong></del></span> <span
class="inserted"><ins><em>“Linux,”</em></ins></span> since that
means
attributing our work to someone else.
Please <a href="/gnu/gnu-linux-faq.html"> give us equal
mention</a>.</p>
@@ -791,11 +820,12 @@
strong feeling that free software is a matter of principle, and
nonfree drivers are intolerable. And will large numbers of us spend
extra money, or even a little extra time, so we can use free drivers?
-Yes, if the determination to have freedom is widespread.</p>
+Yes, if the determination to have freedom is <span
class="removed"><del><strong>widespread.</p>
<p>
(2008 note: this issue extends to the BIOS as well. There is a free
BIOS, <a href="http://www.libreboot.org/">LibreBoot</a> (a
distribution of coreboot); the problem is getting specs for machines so that
-LibreBoot can support them without nonfree “blobs”.)</p>
+LibreBoot can support them without nonfree
“blobs”.)</p></strong></del></span> <span
class="inserted"><ins><em>widespread. <a
href="#ft8">[8]</a></p></em></ins></span>
+
<h3>Nonfree libraries</h3>
<p>
@@ -853,10 +883,10 @@
way to be sure, but I think that this was partly due to the
community's firm response to the problem that Qt posed when it was
nonfree. (The new license is inconvenient and inequitable, so it
-remains desirable to avoid using Qt.)</p>
+remains desirable to avoid using <span
class="removed"><del><strong>Qt.)</p>
<p>
[Subsequent note: in September 2000, Qt was rereleased under the GNU GPL,
-which essentially solved this problem.]</p>
+which essentially solved this problem.]</p></strong></del></span> <span
class="inserted"><ins><em>Qt. <a
href="#ft9">[9]</a>)</p></em></ins></span>
<p>
How will we respond to the next tempting nonfree library? Will the
whole community understand the need to stay out of the trap? Or will
@@ -869,12 +899,12 @@
algorithms and features off limits to free software for up to twenty
years. The LZW compression algorithm patents were applied for in
1983, and we still cannot release free software to produce proper
-compressed <span
class="removed"><del><strong><acronym</strong></del></span> <span
class="inserted"><ins><em><abbr</em></ins></span> title="Graphics
Interchange <span
class="removed"><del><strong>Format">GIF</acronym>s.</strong></del></span>
<span class="inserted"><ins><em>Format">GIF</abbr>s.</em></ins></span>
-[As of 2009 they have expired.] In 1998, a free program to produce
+compressed <span
class="removed"><del><strong><acronym</strong></del></span> <span
class="inserted"><ins><em><abbr</em></ins></span> title="Graphics
Interchange <span class="removed"><del><strong>Format">GIF</acronym>s.
+[As of 2009 they have expired.]</strong></del></span> <span
class="inserted"><ins><em>Format">GIF</abbr>s. <a
href="#ft10">[10]</a></em></ins></span>
+In 1998, a free program to produce
<span class="removed"><del><strong><acronym</strong></del></span>
<span class="inserted"><ins><em><abbr</em></ins></span> title="MPEG-1 Audio
Layer <span
class="removed"><del><strong>3">MP3</acronym></strong></del></span>
<span class="inserted"><ins><em>3">MP3</abbr></em></ins></span>
compressed audio
-was removed from distribution under threat of a patent <span
class="removed"><del><strong>suit.</p></strong></del></span> <span
class="inserted"><ins><em>suit. [As of
-2017, these patents have expired. Look how long we had to wait.]
+was removed from distribution under threat of a patent <span
class="removed"><del><strong>suit.</p></strong></del></span> <span
class="inserted"><ins><em>suit. <a href="#ft11">[11]</a>
</p></em></ins></span>
<p>
There are ways to cope with patents: we can search for evidence that a
@@ -946,7 +976,7 @@
<h3>We must talk about freedom</h3>
<p>
Estimates today are that there are ten million users of GNU/Linux
-systems such as Debian GNU/Linux and Red Hat “Linux”.
+systems such as Debian GNU/Linux and Red Hat <span
class="removed"><del><strong>“Linux”.</strong></del></span> <span
class="inserted"><ins><em>“Linux.”</em></ins></span>
Free software has developed such practical advantages that users are
flocking to it for purely practical reasons.</p>
<p>
@@ -999,7 +1029,7 @@
“Free software” and “open source” describe the
same category of software, more or less, but say different things
about the software, and about values. The GNU Project continues to
-use the term “free software”, to express the idea that
+use the term “free <span
class="removed"><del><strong>software”,</strong></del></span> <span
class="inserted"><ins><em>software,”</em></ins></span> to express the
idea that
freedom, not just technology, is important.</p>
<h3>Try!</h3>
@@ -1023,10 +1053,74 @@
can't take the future of freedom for granted. Don't take it for
granted! If you want to keep your freedom, you must be prepared to
defend it.</p>
+<span class="inserted"><ins><em><div class="column-limit"></div>
+
+<h3 class="footnote">Footnotes</h3>
+<ol>
+<li id="ft1">The use of “hacker” to mean “security
+breaker” is a confusion on the part of the mass media. We
+hackers refuse to recognize that meaning, and continue using the word
+to mean someone who loves to program, someone who enjoys playful
+cleverness, or the combination of the two. See my
+article, “<a
href="https://stallman.org/articles/on-hacking.html">On
+Hacking</a>.”</li>
+
+<li id="ft2">As an Atheist, I don't follow any religious leaders, but I
+sometimes find I admire something one of them has said.</li>
+
+<li id="ft3">In 1984 or 1985, Don Hopkins (a very imaginative fellow)
mailed me
+a letter. <a href="/graphics/copyleft-sticker.html">On the
envelope</a> he
+had written several amusing sayings,
+including this one: “Copyleft—all rights reversed.” I
+used the word “copyleft” to name the distribution concept
+I was developing at the time.</li>
+
+<li id="ft4">We now use the <a href="/licenses/fdl.html">GNU Free
+Documentation License</a> for documentation.</li>
+
+<li id="ft5">“Bourne Again Shell” is a play on the name
+“Bourne Shell,” which was the usual shell on Unix.</li>
+
+<li id="ft6">That was written in 1998. In 2009 we no longer maintain a
long
+task list. The community develops free software so fast that we can't
+even keep track of it all. Instead, we have a list of High Priority
+Projects, a much shorter list of projects we really want to encourage
+people to write.</li>
+
+<li id="ft7">This license is now called the GNU Lesser General Public
License,
+to avoid giving the idea that all libraries ought to use it.
+See <a href="/philosophy/why-not-lgpl.html">Why you shouldn't use the
+Lesser GPL for your next library</a> for more information.</li>
+
+<li id="ft8">2008 note: this issue extends to the BIOS as well. There
is a free
+BIOS, <a href="https://libreboot.org/">LibreBoot</a> (a
distribution of
+coreboot); the problem is getting specs for machines so that
+LibreBoot can support them without nonfree “blobs.”</li>
+
+<li id="ft9">In September 2000, Qt was rereleased under the GNU GPL,
+which essentially solved this problem.</li>
+
+<li id="ft10">As of 2009, the GIF patents have expired.</li>
+
+<li id="ft11">As of 2017, the MP3 patents have expired. Look how
+long we had to wait.</li>
+</ol>
+
+<div class="infobox extra" role="complementary">
+<hr />
+<p>
+Originally published in the book <cite>Open Sources</cite>.
Richard
+Stallman was <a href="/philosophy/open-source-misses-the-point.html">
+never a supporter of “open source”</a>, but contributed
+this article so that the ideas of the free software movement would not
+be entirely absent from that book.
+</p>
+</div>
+</div></em></ins></span>
</div><!-- for id="content", starts in the include above -->
<!--#include virtual="/server/footer.html" -->
-<div id="footer">
+<div <span
class="removed"><del><strong>id="footer"></strong></del></span> <span
class="inserted"><ins><em>id="footer" role="contentinfo"></em></ins></span>
<div class="unprintable">
<p>Please send general FSF & GNU inquiries to
@@ -1044,13 +1138,13 @@
to <a href="mailto:web-translators@gnu.org">
<web-translators@gnu.org></a>.</p>
- <p>For information on coordinating and submitting translations of
+ <p>For information on coordinating and <span
class="removed"><del><strong>submitting</strong></del></span> <span
class="inserted"><ins><em>contributing</em></ins></span> translations of
our web pages, see <a
href="/server/standards/README.translations.html">Translations
README</a>. -->
Please see the <a
href="/server/standards/README.translations.html">Translations
-README</a> for information on coordinating and submitting translations
+README</a> for information on coordinating and <span
class="removed"><del><strong>submitting</strong></del></span> <span
class="inserted"><ins><em>contributing</em></ins></span> translations
of this article.</p>
</div>
@@ -1071,7 +1165,7 @@
There is more detail about copyright years in the GNU Maintainers
Information document, www.gnu.org/prep/maintain. -->
-<p>Copyright © 1998, 2001, 2002, 2005, 2006, 2007, 2008, 2010,
2014, <span class="removed"><del><strong>2015</strong></del></span> <span
class="inserted"><ins><em>2015, 2017, 2018, 2020</em></ins></span>
+<p>Copyright © 1998, <span class="removed"><del><strong>2001,
2002,</strong></del></span> 2005, <span class="removed"><del><strong>2006,
2007,</strong></del></span> 2008, 2010, <span
class="removed"><del><strong>2014, 2015</strong></del></span> <span
class="inserted"><ins><em>2012, 2015, 2017, 2018, 2021</em></ins></span>
Richard Stallman</p>
<p>This page is licensed under a <a rel="license"
@@ -1082,7 +1176,7 @@
<p class="unprintable">Updated:
<!-- timestamp start -->
-$Date: 2021/05/30 19:32:26 $
+$Date: 2021/10/24 07:31:38 $
<!-- timestamp end -->
</p>
</div>
Index: thegnuproject.lt.po
===================================================================
RCS file: /web/www/www/gnu/po/thegnuproject.lt.po,v
retrieving revision 1.13
retrieving revision 1.14
diff -u -b -r1.13 -r1.14
--- thegnuproject.lt.po 30 May 2021 19:32:26 -0000 1.13
+++ thegnuproject.lt.po 24 Oct 2021 07:31:38 -0000 1.14
@@ -7,7 +7,7 @@
msgid ""
msgstr ""
"Project-Id-Version: thegnuproject.html\n"
-"POT-Creation-Date: 2020-07-12 02:25+0000\n"
+"POT-Creation-Date: 2021-10-24 07:25+0000\n"
"PO-Revision-Date: 2016-01-26 02:04+0200\n"
"Last-Translator: Donatas Klimašauskas <klimasauskas.d@gmail.com>\n"
"Language-Team: Lithuanian <web-translators@gnu.org>\n"
@@ -27,45 +27,28 @@
"GNU, GNU projektas, FSF, Laisva programinÄ Ä¯ranga, Laisvos programinÄs "
"įrangos fondas, Istorija"
-#. type: Content of: <h2>
+#. type: Content of: <div><h2>
msgid "The GNU Project"
msgstr "GNU projektas"
-#. type: Content of: <p>
-msgid ""
-"by <a href=\"http://www.stallman.org/\";><strong>Richard Stallman</strong></a>"
+#. type: Content of: <div><address>
+# | by <a [-href=\"http://www.stallman.org/\";><strong>Richard
+# | Stallman</strong></a>-] {+href=\"https://www.stallman.org/\";>Richard
+# | Stallman</a>+}
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "by <a href=\"http://www.stallman.org/\";><strong>Richard Stallman</"
+#| "strong></a>"
+msgid "by <a href=\"https://www.stallman.org/\";>Richard Stallman</a>"
msgstr ""
"pagal <a href=\"http://www.stallman.org/\";><strong>Richard Stallman</"
"strong></a>"
-#. type: Content of: <blockquote><p>
-msgid ""
-"Originally published in the book <em>Open Sources</em>. Richard Stallman "
-"was <a href=\"/philosophy/open-source-misses-the-point.html\"> never a "
-"supporter of “open source”</a>, but contributed this article so "
-"that the ideas of the free software movement would not be entirely absent "
-"from that book."
-msgstr ""
-"Pirmiausia publikuota knygoje <em>Open Sources</em>. Richard Stallman <a "
-"href=\"/philosophy/open-source-misses-the-point.html\">niekada nepalaikÄ "
-"„atviro Å¡altinio“</a>, bet prisidÄjo Å¡iuo straipsniu, kad "
-"laisvos programinÄs įrangos judÄjimo idÄjos nebÅ«tų visiÅ¡kai paliktos "
-"nuošalyje tos knygos."
-
-#. type: Content of: <blockquote><p>
-msgid ""
-"Why it is even more important than ever <a href=\"/philosophy/free-software-"
-"even-more-important.html\">to insist that the software we use be free</a>."
-msgstr ""
-"KodÄl tai yra dar svarbiau, nei bet kada anksÄiau <a
href=\"/philosophy/free-"
-"software-even-more-important.html\">reikalauti, kad mūsų naudojama "
-"programinÄ Ä¯ranga bÅ«tų laisva</a>."
-
-#. type: Content of: <h3>
+#. type: Content of: <div><h3>
msgid "The first software-sharing community"
msgstr "Pirmoji programine įranga besidalinanti bendruomenÄ"
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"When I started working at the <abbr title=\"Massachusetts Institute of "
"Technology\">MIT</abbr> Artificial Intelligence Lab in 1971, I became part "
@@ -82,15 +65,32 @@
"receptais yra tiek sena, kiek maisto ruoÅ¡imas. Bet mes Å¡itÄ
darÄme
labiau "
"nei dauguma."
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
+# | The AI Lab used a timesharing operating system called <abbr
+# | title=\"Incompatible Timesharing System\">ITS</abbr> (the Incompatible
+# | Timesharing System) that the lab's staff [-hackers (1)-]
+# | {+hackers <a href=\"#ft1\">[1]</a>+} had designed and written in
+# | assembler language for the Digital <abbr title=\"Programmed Data
+# | Processor\">PDP</abbr>-10, one of the large computers of the era. As a
+# | member of this community, an AI Lab staff system hacker, my job was to
+# | improve this system.
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "The AI Lab used a timesharing operating system called <abbr title="
+#| "\"Incompatible Timesharing System\">ITS</abbr> (the Incompatible "
+#| "Timesharing System) that the lab's staff hackers (1) had designed and "
+#| "written in assembler language for the Digital <abbr title=\"Programmed "
+#| "Data Processor\">PDP</abbr>-10, one of the large computers of the era. "
+#| "As a member of this community, an AI Lab staff system hacker, my job was "
+#| "to improve this system."
msgid ""
"The AI Lab used a timesharing operating system called <abbr title="
"\"Incompatible Timesharing System\">ITS</abbr> (the Incompatible Timesharing "
-"System) that the lab's staff hackers (1) had designed and written in "
-"assembler language for the Digital <abbr title=\"Programmed Data Processor"
-"\">PDP</abbr>-10, one of the large computers of the era. As a member of "
-"this community, an AI Lab staff system hacker, my job was to improve this "
-"system."
+"System) that the lab's staff hackers <a href=\"#ft1\">[1]</a> had "
+"designed and written in assembler language for the Digital <abbr title="
+"\"Programmed Data Processor\">PDP</abbr>-10, one of the large computers of "
+"the era. As a member of this community, an AI Lab staff system hacker, my "
+"job was to improve this system."
msgstr ""
"Ta AI laboratorija naudojo laiko dalinimo operacinÄ sistemÄ
, pavadintÄ
<abbr "
"title=\"Incompatible Timesharing System\">ITS</abbr> (Nesuderinamo laiko "
@@ -100,9 +100,24 @@
"bendruomenÄs nario, AI laboratorijos darbuotojo sistemos hakerio, mano "
"darbas buvo Å¡itÄ
sistemÄ
pagerinti."
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
+# | We did not call our software “free [-software”,-]
+# | {+software,”+} because that term did not yet exist; but that is what
+# | it was. Whenever people from another university or a company wanted to
+# | port and use a program, we gladly let them. If you saw someone using an
+# | unfamiliar and interesting program, you could always ask to see the source
+# | code, so that you could read it, change it, or cannibalize parts of it to
+# | make a new program.
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "We did not call our software “free software”, because that "
+#| "term did not yet exist; but that is what it was. Whenever people from "
+#| "another university or a company wanted to port and use a program, we "
+#| "gladly let them. If you saw someone using an unfamiliar and interesting "
+#| "program, you could always ask to see the source code, so that you could "
+#| "read it, change it, or cannibalize parts of it to make a new program."
msgid ""
-"We did not call our software “free software”, because that term "
+"We did not call our software “free software,” because that term "
"did not yet exist; but that is what it was. Whenever people from another "
"university or a company wanted to port and use a program, we gladly let "
"them. If you saw someone using an unfamiliar and interesting program, you "
@@ -117,27 +132,20 @@
"pamatyti Å¡altinio kodÄ
, kad galÄtumÄte jį paskaityti, jį pakeisti ar "
"iÅ¡plÄÅ¡ti iÅ¡ jo dalis, kad padaryti naujÄ
programÄ
."
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><div><p>
msgid ""
-"(1) The use of “hacker” to mean “security breaker” "
-"is a confusion on the part of the mass media. We hackers refuse to "
-"recognize that meaning, and continue using the word to mean someone who "
-"loves to program, someone who enjoys playful cleverness, or the combination "
-"of the two. See my article, <a href=\"http://stallman.org/articles/on-";
-"hacking.html\">On Hacking</a>."
+"Why it is even more important than ever <a href=\"/philosophy/free-software-"
+"even-more-important.html\">to insist that the software we use be free</a>."
msgstr ""
-"(1) „Hakeris“ naudojimas su reikÅ¡me „saugumo "
-"laužytojas“ yra masinÄs žiniasklaidos sumaiÅ¡tis. Mes, hakeriai, "
-"atsisakome tÄ
reikÅ¡mÄ pripažinti ir tÄsiame Å¡io žodžio naudojimÄ
su
reikšme "
-"kas nors, kuris mÄgsta programuoti, kuris džiaugiasi žaismingu gudrumu
arba "
-"šių dviejų kombinacija. Pamatykite mano straipsnį <a
href=\"http://stallman.";
-"org/articles/on-hacking.html\">Apie kapojimÄ
</a>."
+"KodÄl tai yra dar svarbiau, nei bet kada anksÄiau <a
href=\"/philosophy/free-"
+"software-even-more-important.html\">reikalauti, kad mūsų naudojama "
+"programinÄ Ä¯ranga bÅ«tų laisva</a>."
-#. type: Content of: <h3>
+#. type: Content of: <div><h3>
msgid "The collapse of the community"
msgstr "BendruomenÄs subyrÄjimas"
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"The situation changed drastically in the early 1980s when Digital "
"discontinued the PDP-10 series. Its architecture, elegant and powerful in "
@@ -151,15 +159,32 @@
"adresų erdvių, kurios tapo vis labiau padaromos devyniasdešimtaisiais.
Tai "
"reiÅ¡kÄ, kad beveik visos ITS sudaranÄios programos tapo nebenaudojamos."
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
+# | The AI Lab hacker community had already collapsed, not long before. In
+# | 1981, the spin-off company Symbolics had hired away nearly all of the
+# | hackers from the AI Lab, and the depopulated community was unable to
+# | maintain itself. (The book [-Hackers,-] {+<cite>Hackers</cite>,+} by
+# | Steve Levy, describes these events, as well as giving a clear picture of
+# | this community in its prime.) When the AI Lab bought a new PDP-10 in
+# | 1982, its administrators decided to use Digital's nonfree timesharing
+# | system instead of ITS.
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "The AI Lab hacker community had already collapsed, not long before. In "
+#| "1981, the spin-off company Symbolics had hired away nearly all of the "
+#| "hackers from the AI Lab, and the depopulated community was unable to "
+#| "maintain itself. (The book Hackers, by Steve Levy, describes these "
+#| "events, as well as giving a clear picture of this community in its "
+#| "prime.) When the AI Lab bought a new PDP-10 in 1982, its administrators "
+#| "decided to use Digital's nonfree timesharing system instead of ITS."
msgid ""
"The AI Lab hacker community had already collapsed, not long before. In "
"1981, the spin-off company Symbolics had hired away nearly all of the "
"hackers from the AI Lab, and the depopulated community was unable to "
-"maintain itself. (The book Hackers, by Steve Levy, describes these events, "
-"as well as giving a clear picture of this community in its prime.) When the "
-"AI Lab bought a new PDP-10 in 1982, its administrators decided to use "
-"Digital's nonfree timesharing system instead of ITS."
+"maintain itself. (The book <cite>Hackers</cite>, by Steve Levy, describes "
+"these events, as well as giving a clear picture of this community in its "
+"prime.) When the AI Lab bought a new PDP-10 in 1982, its administrators "
+"decided to use Digital's nonfree timesharing system instead of ITS."
msgstr ""
"AI laboratorijos hakerių bendruomenÄ jau buvo subyrÄjusi, neilgai prieÅ¡ "
"tai. 1981 m., dukterinÄ kompanija Symbolics pasamdÄ beveik visus AI "
@@ -169,7 +194,7 @@
"1982 m. AI laboratorija įsigijo naujÄ
PDP-10, jo administratoriai "
"nusprendÄ naudoti Digital nelaisvÄ
laiko dalinimo sistemÄ
vietoje ITS."
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"The modern computers of the era, such as the VAX or the 68020, had their own "
"operating systems, but none of them were free software: you had to sign a "
@@ -180,7 +205,7 @@
"jums reikÄdavo pasiraÅ¡yti neatskleidimo sutartį net, kad gauti vykdomÄ
jÄ
"
"kopijÄ
."
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"This meant that the first step in using a computer was to promise not to "
"help your neighbor. A cooperating community was forbidden. The rule made "
@@ -195,7 +220,7 @@
"pageidaujate kokių nors pakeitimų, maldaukite mūsų, kad juos padarytume."
"“"
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"The idea that the proprietary software social system—the system that "
"says you are not allowed to share or change software—is antisocial, "
@@ -219,11 +244,27 @@
"leidÄjai dirbo ilgai ir sunkiai, jog žmones įtikintų, kad yra tik vienas "
"bÅ«das žvelgti į Å¡iÄ
problemÄ
."
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
+# | When software publishers talk about “enforcing” their
+# | “rights” or “stopping <a
+# | [-href=\"/philosophy/words-to-avoid.html#Piracy\">piracy</a>”,-]
+# | {+href=\"/philosophy/words-to-avoid.html#Piracy\">piracy</a>,”+}
+# | what they actually <em>say</em> is secondary. The real message of these
+# | statements is in the unstated assumptions they take for granted, which the
+# | public is asked to accept without examination. Let's therefore examine
+# | them.
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "When software publishers talk about “enforcing” their “"
+#| "rights” or “stopping <a href=\"/philosophy/words-to-avoid."
+#| "html#Piracy\">piracy</a>”, what they actually <em>say</em> is "
+#| "secondary. The real message of these statements is in the unstated "
+#| "assumptions they take for granted, which the public is asked to accept "
+#| "without examination. Let's therefore examine them."
msgid ""
"When software publishers talk about “enforcing” their “"
"rights” or “stopping <a href=\"/philosophy/words-to-avoid."
-"html#Piracy\">piracy</a>”, what they actually <em>say</em> is "
+"html#Piracy\">piracy</a>,” what they actually <em>say</em> is "
"secondary. The real message of these statements is in the unstated "
"assumptions they take for granted, which the public is asked to accept "
"without examination. Let's therefore examine them."
@@ -235,7 +276,7 @@
"prielaidose, kurias jie laiko savaime suprantamomis, kurias visuomenÄs "
"praÅ¡oma priimti nenagrinÄjant. TodÄl panagrinÄkime jas."
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"One assumption is that software companies have an unquestionable natural "
"right to own software and thus have power over all its users. (If this were "
@@ -252,7 +293,7 @@
"požiÅ«rį; autorių teisÄs nÄra prigimtinÄ teisÄ, bet dirbtinÄ
vyriausybÄs "
"sudaryta monopolija, kuri riboja naudotojų prigimtinÄ teisÄ kopijuoti."
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"Another unstated assumption is that the only important thing about software "
"is what jobs it allows you to do—that we computer users should not "
@@ -263,7 +304,7 @@
"mums, kompiuterio naudotojams, neturÄtų rÅ«pÄti kokio tipo visuomenÄ mums
"
"leidžiama turÄti."
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"A third assumption is that we would have no usable software (or would never "
"have a program to do this or that particular job) if we did not offer a "
@@ -278,7 +319,7 @@
"laisvos programinÄs įrangos judÄjimas pademonstravo, kad mes galime
padaryti "
"daug naudingos programinÄs įrangos ant jos neuždÄdami grandinių."
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"If we decline to accept these assumptions, and judge these issues based on "
"ordinary commonsense morality while placing the users first, we arrive at "
@@ -293,13 +334,31 @@
"kad tiktų jų poreikiams ir laisvi dalintis programine įranga, nes
padÄjimas "
"kitiems žmonÄms yra visuomenÄs pagrindas."
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
+# | There is no room here for an extensive statement of the reasoning behind
+# | this conclusion, so I refer the reader to [-the web pages <a
+# | href=\"/philosophy/why-free.html\">
+# | http://www.gnu.org/philosophy/why-free.html</a>-] {+“<a
+# | href=\"/philosophy/why-free.html\">Why Software Should Not Have
+# | Owners</a>,”+} and [-<a
+# | href=\"/philosophy/free-software-even-more-important.html\">
+# | http://www.gnu.org/philosophy/free-software-even-more-important.html</a>.-]
+# | {+“<a
+# | href=\"/philosophy/free-software-even-more-important.html\">Free Software
+# | Is Even More Important Now</a>.”+}
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "There is no room here for an extensive statement of the reasoning behind "
+#| "this conclusion, so I refer the reader to the web pages <a href=\"/"
+#| "philosophy/why-free.html\"> http://www.gnu.org/philosophy/why-free.html</"
+#| "a> and <a href=\"/philosophy/free-software-even-more-important.html\"> "
+#| "http://www.gnu.org/philosophy/free-software-even-more-important.html</a>."
msgid ""
"There is no room here for an extensive statement of the reasoning behind "
-"this conclusion, so I refer the reader to the web pages <a href=\"/"
-"philosophy/why-free.html\"> http://www.gnu.org/philosophy/why-free.html</a> "
-"and <a href=\"/philosophy/free-software-even-more-important.html\"> http://";
-"www.gnu.org/philosophy/free-software-even-more-important.html</a>."
+"this conclusion, so I refer the reader to “<a href=\"/philosophy/why-"
+"free.html\">Why Software Should Not Have Owners</a>,” and “<a "
+"href=\"/philosophy/free-software-even-more-important.html\">Free Software Is "
+"Even More Important Now</a>.”"
msgstr ""
"Äia nÄra vietos iÅ¡samiam Å¡ios iÅ¡vados pagrindimo pareiÅ¡kimui, taigi,
aš "
"nukreipiu skaitytojÄ
į šiuos tinklapius <a
href=\"/philosophy/why-free.html"
@@ -307,11 +366,11 @@
"free-software-even-more-important.html\">http://www.gnu.org/philosophy/free-";
"software-even-more-important.html</a>."
-#. type: Content of: <h3>
+#. type: Content of: <div><h3>
msgid "A stark moral choice"
msgstr "Grynai moralinis pasirinkimas"
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"With my community gone, to continue as before was impossible. Instead, I "
"faced a stark moral choice."
@@ -319,7 +378,7 @@
"Dingus mano bendruomenei, tÄsti kaip anksÄiau buvo neįmanoma. Vietoje to,
"
"aš susidūriau su grynai moraliniu pasirinkimu."
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"The easy choice was to join the proprietary software world, signing "
"nondisclosure agreements and promising not to help my fellow hacker. Most "
@@ -333,7 +392,7 @@
"kuri bÅ«tų iÅ¡leista pagal neatskleidimo sutartis, Å¡itaip prisidÄdamas
prie "
"kitų žmonių spaudimo iÅ¡duoti jų biÄiulius irgi."
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"I could have made money this way, and perhaps amused myself writing code. "
"But I knew that at the end of my career, I would look back on years of "
@@ -345,7 +404,7 @@
"metus statant sienas žmonių padalinimui ir aÅ¡ jausÄiau savo gyvenimÄ
"
"praleidÄs pasaulio padarymui blogesne vieta."
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"I had already experienced being on the receiving end of a nondisclosure "
"agreement, when someone refused to give me and the MIT AI Lab the source "
@@ -363,7 +422,7 @@
"AÅ¡ buvau labai supykÄs, kai jis su mumis atsisakÄ pasidalinti; aÅ¡
negalÄjau "
"apsisukti ir visiems kitiems daryti tÄ
patį."
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"Another choice, straightforward but unpleasant, was to leave the computer "
"field. That way my skills would not be misused, but they would still be "
@@ -375,7 +434,7 @@
"bet jie vis vien nueitų veltui. AÅ¡ nebÅ«Äiau kaltas dÄl kompiuterio "
"naudotojų atskyrimo ir apribojimo, bet tai vis tiek įvyktų."
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"So I looked for a way that a programmer could do something for the good. I "
"asked myself, was there a program or programs that I could write, so as to "
@@ -385,7 +444,7 @@
"AÅ¡ savÄs paklausiau, ar buvo programa arba programos, kurias aÅ¡ galÄÄiau
"
"paraÅ¡yti, kad bendruomenÄ ir vÄl bÅ«tų galima?"
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"The answer was clear: what was needed first was an operating system. That "
"is the crucial software for starting to use a computer. With an operating "
@@ -403,14 +462,15 @@
"prisijungti. Ir bet kas galÄtų kompiuterį naudoti nepradÄdamas ruoÅ¡tis "
"atimti iš jo ar jos draugų."
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
# | As an operating system developer, I had the right skills for this job. So
# | even though I could not take success for granted, I realized that I was
# | elected to do the job. I chose to make the system compatible with Unix so
# | that it would be portable, and so that Unix users could easily switch to
# | it. The name GNU was chosen, following a hacker tradition, as a recursive
# | acronym for “GNU's Not Unix.” {+It is pronounced as <a
-# | href=\"/gnu/pronunciation.html\">one syllable with a hard g</a>.+}
+# | href=\"/gnu/pronunciation.html\">one syllable with a
+# | hard <i>g</i></a>.+}
#, fuzzy
#| msgid ""
#| "As an operating system developer, I had the right skills for this job. "
@@ -426,7 +486,7 @@
"that it would be portable, and so that Unix users could easily switch to "
"it. The name GNU was chosen, following a hacker tradition, as a recursive "
"acronym for “GNU's Not Unix.” It is pronounced as <a href=\"/gnu/"
-"pronunciation.html\">one syllable with a hard g</a>."
+"pronunciation.html\">one syllable with a hard <i>g</i></a>."
msgstr ""
"Kaip operacinÄs sistemos vystytojas, aÅ¡ turÄjau Å¡iam darbui reikalingus "
"įgÅ«džius. Taigi, nors aÅ¡ ir negalÄjau bÅ«ti užtikrintas sÄkme, aÅ¡
supratau, "
@@ -436,7 +496,7 @@
"GNU, laikantis hakerių tradicijos, kaip rekursyvus akronimas „GNU
NÄra "
"Unix“."
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"An operating system does not mean just a kernel, barely enough to run other "
"programs. In the 1970s, every operating system worthy of the name included "
@@ -451,39 +511,37 @@
"ir daug daugiau. ITS jas turÄjo, Multics jas turÄjo, VMS jas turÄjo ir
Unix "
"jas turÄjo. GNU operacinÄ sistema jas irgi įtrauktų."
-#. type: Content of: <p>
-msgid "Later I heard these words, attributed to Hillel (1):"
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
+# | Later I heard these words, attributed to [-Hillel (1):-] {+Hillel <a
+# | href=\"#ft2\">[2]</a>:+}
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid "Later I heard these words, attributed to Hillel (1):"
+msgid ""
+"Later I heard these words, attributed to Hillel <a href=\"#ft2\">[2]</"
+"a>:"
msgstr "VÄliau man teko iÅ¡girsti Å¡iuos žodžius, priskirtus Hillel (1):"
-#. type: Content of: <blockquote><p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><blockquote><p>
msgid "If I am not for myself, who will be for me?"
msgstr "Jei aÅ¡ esu ne dÄl savÄs, kas bus už mane?"
-#. type: Content of: <blockquote><p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><blockquote><p>
msgid "If I am only for myself, what am I?"
msgstr "Jei aÅ¡ esu tik dÄl savÄs, kas aÅ¡ esu?"
-#. type: Content of: <blockquote><p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><blockquote><p>
msgid "If not now, when?"
msgstr "Jei ne dabar, kada?"
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid "The decision to start the GNU Project was based on a similar spirit."
msgstr "Sprendimas pradÄti GNU projektÄ
buvo paremtas panašia dvasia."
-#. type: Content of: <p>
-msgid ""
-"(1) As an Atheist, I don't follow any religious leaders, but I sometimes "
-"find I admire something one of them has said."
-msgstr ""
-"(1) Kaip ateistas, aš jokių religinių lyderių neseku, bet aš kartais "
-"pastebiu, kad aÅ¡ geriuosi kai kuo, kÄ
vienas iÅ¡ jų pasakÄ."
-
-#. type: Content of: <h3>
+#. type: Content of: <div><h3>
msgid "Free as in freedom"
msgstr "Laisva kaip laisvÄ"
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"The term “free software” is sometimes misunderstood—it has "
"nothing to do with price. It is about freedom. Here, therefore, is the "
@@ -493,17 +551,17 @@
"klaidingai – jis neturi nieko bendro su kaina. Jis yra apie laisvÄ. "
"TodÄl, Äia yra laisvos programinÄs įrangos apibrÄžimas."
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid "A program is free software, for you, a particular user, if:"
msgstr ""
"Programa yra laisva programinÄ Ä¯ranga, jums, konkreÄiam naudotojui, jei:"
-#. type: Content of: <ul><li>
+#. type: Content of: <div><ul><li>
msgid "You have the freedom to run the program as you wish, for any purpose."
msgstr ""
"jÅ«s turite laisvÄ leisti tÄ
programÄ
taip, kaip norite, bet kokiu tikslu;"
-#. type: Content of: <ul><li>
+#. type: Content of: <div><ul><li>
msgid ""
"You have the freedom to modify the program to suit your needs. (To make "
"this freedom effective in practice, you must have access to the source code, "
@@ -515,12 +573,12 @@
"turÄti prieigÄ
prie jos šaltinio kodo, kadangi programos pakeitimų
darymas "
"neturint to Å¡altinio kodo yra be galo sunkus.);"
-#. type: Content of: <ul><li>
+#. type: Content of: <div><ul><li>
msgid ""
"You have the freedom to redistribute copies, either gratis or for a fee."
msgstr "jÅ«s turite laisvÄ iÅ¡platinti kopijas, arba už dykÄ
, arba už
mokestį;"
-#. type: Content of: <ul><li>
+#. type: Content of: <div><ul><li>
msgid ""
"You have the freedom to distribute modified versions of the program, so that "
"the community can benefit from your improvements."
@@ -528,7 +586,7 @@
"jÅ«s turite laisvÄ platinti modifikuotas tos programos versijas taip, kad "
"bendruomenÄ iÅ¡ jÅ«sų pagerinimų gali gauti naudos."
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"Since “free” refers to freedom, not to price, there is no "
"contradiction between selling copies and free software. In fact, the "
@@ -545,14 +603,34 @@
"vystymui. TodÄl, programa, kurios žmonÄms neleidžiama įtraukti į
Å¡iuos "
"rinkinius yra ne laisva programinÄ Ä¯ranga."
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
+# | Because of the ambiguity of [-“free”,-]
+# | {+“free,”+} people have long looked for alternatives, but no
+# | one has found a better term. The English language has more words and
+# | nuances than any other, but it lacks a simple, unambiguous, word that
+# | means [-“free”,-] {+“free,”+} as in
+# | freedom—“unfettered” being the word that comes closest
+# | in meaning. Such alternatives as [-“liberated”,
+# | “freedom”,-] {+“liberated,”
+# | “freedom,”+} and “open” have either the wrong
+# | meaning or some other disadvantage.
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "Because of the ambiguity of “free”, people have long looked "
+#| "for alternatives, but no one has found a better term. The English "
+#| "language has more words and nuances than any other, but it lacks a "
+#| "simple, unambiguous, word that means “free”, as in "
+#| "freedom—“unfettered” being the word that comes closest "
+#| "in meaning. Such alternatives as “liberated”, “"
+#| "freedom”, and “open” have either the wrong meaning or "
+#| "some other disadvantage."
msgid ""
-"Because of the ambiguity of “free”, people have long looked for "
+"Because of the ambiguity of “free,” people have long looked for "
"alternatives, but no one has found a better term. The English language has "
"more words and nuances than any other, but it lacks a simple, unambiguous, "
-"word that means “free”, as in freedom—“"
+"word that means “free,” as in freedom—“"
"unfettered” being the word that comes closest in meaning. Such "
-"alternatives as “liberated”, “freedom”, and “"
+"alternatives as “liberated,” “freedom,” and “"
"open” have either the wrong meaning or some other disadvantage."
msgstr ""
"DÄl „laisva“ dviprasmiÅ¡kumo, žmonÄs ilgÄ
laikÄ
ieškojo "
@@ -564,11 +642,11 @@
"„atvira“ turi arba neteisingÄ
reikÅ¡mÄ, arba kokį nors kitÄ
"
"trÅ«kumÄ
."
-#. type: Content of: <h3>
+#. type: Content of: <div><h3>
msgid "GNU software and the GNU system"
msgstr "GNU programinÄ Ä¯ranga ir GNU sistema"
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"Developing a whole system is a very large project. To bring it into reach, "
"I decided to adapt and use existing pieces of free software wherever that "
@@ -583,7 +661,7 @@
"formuotojÄ
; keletÄ
metų vÄliau, aÅ¡ nusprendžiau naudoti X Window
System, o "
"ne paraÅ¡yti GNU dar vienÄ
langų sistemÄ
."
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"Because of these decisions, and others like them, the GNU system is not the "
"same as the collection of all GNU software. The GNU system includes "
@@ -597,11 +675,11 @@
"žmonių ir projektų jų paÄių tikslams, bet kurias mes galime naudoti,
nes jos "
"yra laisva programinÄ Ä¯ranga."
-#. type: Content of: <h3>
+#. type: Content of: <div><h3>
msgid "Commencing the project"
msgstr "Projekto pradÄjimas"
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"In January 1984 I quit my job at MIT and began writing GNU software. "
"Leaving MIT was necessary so that MIT would not be able to interfere with "
@@ -621,7 +699,7 @@
"tam, kad pamatyti kaip jis tampa beverÄiu juo siektam tikslui: naujos "
"programine įranga besidalinanÄios bendruomenÄs kÅ«rimas."
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"However, Professor Winston, then the head of the MIT AI Lab, kindly invited "
"me to keep using the lab's facilities."
@@ -629,15 +707,29 @@
"TaÄiau, profesorius Winston, tuometinis MIT AI laboratorijos vedÄjas, "
"maloniai man pasiÅ«lÄ ir toliau naudoti laboratorijos priemones."
-#. type: Content of: <h3>
+#. type: Content of: <div><h3>
msgid "The first steps"
msgstr "Pirmieji žingsniai"
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
+# | Shortly before beginning the GNU Project, I heard about the Free
+# | University Compiler Kit, also known as VUCK. (The Dutch word for
+# | “free” is written with a [-<em>v</em>.)-] {+<i>v</i>.)+} This
+# | was a compiler designed to handle multiple languages, including C and
+# | Pascal, and to support multiple target machines. I wrote to its author
+# | asking if GNU could use it.
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "Shortly before beginning the GNU Project, I heard about the Free "
+#| "University Compiler Kit, also known as VUCK. (The Dutch word for “"
+#| "free” is written with a <em>v</em>.) This was a compiler designed "
+#| "to handle multiple languages, including C and Pascal, and to support "
+#| "multiple target machines. I wrote to its author asking if GNU could use "
+#| "it."
msgid ""
"Shortly before beginning the GNU Project, I heard about the Free University "
"Compiler Kit, also known as VUCK. (The Dutch word for “free” is "
-"written with a <em>v</em>.) This was a compiler designed to handle multiple "
+"written with a <i>v</i>.) This was a compiler designed to handle multiple "
"languages, including C and Pascal, and to support multiple target machines. "
"I wrote to its author asking if GNU could use it."
msgstr ""
@@ -648,7 +740,7 @@
"C ir Pascal, ir palaikyti kelias tikslines mašinas. Aš parašiau jos "
"autoriui klausdamas ar GNU galÄtų jį panaudoti."
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"He responded derisively, stating that the university was free but the "
"compiler was not. I therefore decided that my first program for the GNU "
@@ -658,7 +750,7 @@
"o kompiliatorius nebuvo. TodÄl, aÅ¡ nusprendžiau, kad mano pirmoji
programa "
"GNU projektui bus keliakalbis, keliaplatformis kompiliatorius."
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"Hoping to avoid the need to write the whole compiler myself, I obtained the "
"source code for the Pastel compiler, which was a multiplatform compiler "
@@ -678,11 +770,31 @@
"kompiliatoriui reikÄjo daug megabaitų Å¡Å«snies atminties ir prieinama
68000 "
"Unix sistema leistų tik 64k."
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
+# | I then realized that the Pastel compiler functioned by parsing the entire
+# | input file into a syntax tree, converting the whole syntax tree into a
+# | chain of [-“instructions”,-] {+“instructions,”+}
+# | and then generating the whole output file, without ever freeing any
+# | storage. At this point, I concluded I would have to write a new compiler
+# | from scratch. That new compiler is now known as <abbr title=\"GNU
+# | Compiler Collection\">GCC</abbr>; none of the Pastel compiler is used in
+# | it, but I managed to adapt and use the C front end that I had written.
+# | But that was some years later; first, I worked on GNU Emacs.
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "I then realized that the Pastel compiler functioned by parsing the entire "
+#| "input file into a syntax tree, converting the whole syntax tree into a "
+#| "chain of “instructions”, and then generating the whole output "
+#| "file, without ever freeing any storage. At this point, I concluded I "
+#| "would have to write a new compiler from scratch. That new compiler is "
+#| "now known as <abbr title=\"GNU Compiler Collection\">GCC</abbr>; none of "
+#| "the Pastel compiler is used in it, but I managed to adapt and use the C "
+#| "front end that I had written. But that was some years later; first, I "
+#| "worked on GNU Emacs."
msgid ""
"I then realized that the Pastel compiler functioned by parsing the entire "
"input file into a syntax tree, converting the whole syntax tree into a chain "
-"of “instructions”, and then generating the whole output file, "
+"of “instructions,” and then generating the whole output file, "
"without ever freeing any storage. At this point, I concluded I would have "
"to write a new compiler from scratch. That new compiler is now known as "
"<abbr title=\"GNU Compiler Collection\">GCC</abbr>; none of the Pastel "
@@ -700,11 +812,11 @@
"buvau paraÅ¡Äs. Bet tai buvo po kažkiek metų vÄliau; pirmiausia, aÅ¡
dirbau "
"prie GNU Emacs."
-#. type: Content of: <h3>
+#. type: Content of: <div><h3>
msgid "GNU Emacs"
msgstr "GNU Emacs"
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"I began work on GNU Emacs in September 1984, and in early 1985 it was "
"beginning to be usable. This enabled me to begin using Unix systems to do "
@@ -716,7 +828,7 @@
"pradÄti naudoti Unix sistemas; nesuinteresuotas mokintis naudoti vi arba ed,
"
"aÅ¡ savo redagavimÄ
iki to laiko atlikau su kitų tipų mašinomis."
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"At this point, people began wanting to use GNU Emacs, which raised the "
"question of how to distribute it. Of course, I put it on the anonymous ftp "
@@ -735,7 +847,7 @@
"daug susidomÄjusių žmonių nebuvo internete ir negalÄjo gauti kopijos per
"
"FTP. Taigi, klausimas buvo, kÄ
aÅ¡ jiems pasakyÄiau?"
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"I could have said, “Find a friend who is on the net and who will make "
"a copy for you.” Or I could have done what I did with the original "
@@ -758,11 +870,11 @@
"verslÄ
, kompanijų, kurios šiandien platina ištisas GNU/Linux sistemos "
"distribucijas, pirmtakÄ
."
-#. type: Content of: <h3>
+#. type: Content of: <div><h3>
msgid "Is a program free for every user?"
msgstr "Ar programa yra laisva kiekvienam naudotojui?"
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"If a program is free software when it leaves the hands of its author, this "
"does not necessarily mean it will be free software for everyone who has a "
@@ -782,7 +894,7 @@
"laisvų programų turi autorių teises, bet platinamos pagal paprastas, daug
kÄ
"
"leidžianÄias licencijas, kurios leidžia nuosavybines, modifikuotas
versijas."
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"The paradigmatic example of this problem is the X Window System. Developed "
"at MIT, and released as free software with a permissive license, it was soon "
@@ -797,11 +909,23 @@
"neatskleidimo sutartimi. Å ios X kopijos buvo nedaugiau laisva programinÄ "
"įranga, nei buvo Unix."
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
+# | The developers of the X Window System did not consider this a
+# | problem—they expected and intended this to happen. Their goal was
+# | not freedom, just [-“success”,-] {+“success,”+}
+# | defined as “having many users.” They did not care whether
+# | these users had freedom, only that they should be numerous.
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "The developers of the X Window System did not consider this a "
+#| "problem—they expected and intended this to happen. Their goal was "
+#| "not freedom, just “success”, defined as “having many "
+#| "users.” They did not care whether these users had freedom, only "
+#| "that they should be numerous."
msgid ""
"The developers of the X Window System did not consider this a problem—"
"they expected and intended this to happen. Their goal was not freedom, just "
-"“success”, defined as “having many users.” They did "
+"“success,” defined as “having many users.” They did "
"not care whether these users had freedom, only that they should be numerous."
msgstr ""
"X Window System autoriai Å¡ito nelaikÄ problema – jie Å¡ito tikÄjosi
ir "
@@ -809,7 +933,7 @@
"apibÅ«dinta kaip „daug naudotojų turÄjimas“. Jiems nerÅ«pÄjo
ar "
"Å¡ie naudotojai turÄjo laisvÄ, tik, kad jų turÄtų bÅ«ti daug."
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"This led to a paradoxical situation where two different ways of counting the "
"amount of freedom gave different answers to the question, “Is this "
@@ -828,23 +952,34 @@
"nuosavybines versijas, kurios atkeliavo kartu su Unix sistemomis, ne tÄ
"
"laisvÄ
versijÄ
."
-#. type: Content of: <h3>
+#. type: Content of: <div><h3>
msgid "Copyleft and the GNU GPL"
msgstr "Copyleft ir GNU GPL"
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
+# | The goal of GNU was to give users freedom, not just to be popular. So we
+# | needed to use distribution terms that would prevent GNU software from
+# | being turned into proprietary software. The method we use is called
+# | [-“copyleft”.(1)-] {+“copyleft” <a
+# | href=\"#ft3\">[3]</a>.+}
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "The goal of GNU was to give users freedom, not just to be popular. So we "
+#| "needed to use distribution terms that would prevent GNU software from "
+#| "being turned into proprietary software. The method we use is called "
+#| "“copyleft”.(1)"
msgid ""
"The goal of GNU was to give users freedom, not just to be popular. So we "
"needed to use distribution terms that would prevent GNU software from being "
"turned into proprietary software. The method we use is called “"
-"copyleft”.(1)"
+"copyleft” <a href=\"#ft3\">[3]</a>."
msgstr ""
"GNU tikslas buvo naudotojams suteikti laisvÄ, o ne tik bÅ«ti populiaria. "
"Taigi, mums reikÄjo naudoti platinimo sÄ
lygas, kurios neleistų GNU "
"programinÄ Ä¯rangÄ
paversti į nuosavybinÄ programinÄ Ä¯rangÄ
. Metodas,
kurį "
"mes naudojame, pavadintas „copyleft“. (1)"
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"Copyleft uses copyright law, but flips it over to serve the opposite of its "
"usual purpose: instead of a means for restricting a program, it becomes a "
@@ -854,7 +989,7 @@
"atvirkÅ¡tinį, nei jo įprastinis tikslas: vietoje programÄ
suvaržanÄių "
"priemonių, jis tampa priemonÄmis tos programos iÅ¡laikymui laisva."
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"The central idea of copyleft is that we give everyone permission to run the "
"program, copy the program, modify the program, and distribute modified "
@@ -869,7 +1004,7 @@
"įranga“ yra garantuojamos kiekvienam, kuris turi kopijÄ
; jos tampa "
"neatimamomis teisÄmis."
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"For an effective copyleft, modified versions must also be free. This "
"ensures that work based on ours becomes available to our community if it is "
@@ -886,7 +1021,7 @@
"mes juos ruoÅ¡iamÄs naudoti mÅ«sų nuosavybinÄs tos programos versijos "
"padarymui.“"
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"The requirement that changes must be free is essential if we want to ensure "
"freedom for every user of the program. The companies that privatized the X "
@@ -903,7 +1038,7 @@
"padarymas buvo pasiteisinimas naudotojams nesuteikti laisvÄs, kiekvienam "
"būtų lengva pasinaudoti šituo pasiteisinimu."
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"A related issue concerns combining a free program with nonfree code. Such a "
"combination would inevitably be nonfree; whichever freedoms are lacking for "
@@ -921,13 +1056,27 @@
"prie arba apjungiamas su copyleft programa privalo bÅ«ti toks, kad didesnÄ "
"apjungta versija yra taip pat laisva ir su copyleft."
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
+# | The specific implementation of copyleft that we use for most GNU software
+# | is the GNU General Public License, or GNU GPL for short. We have other
+# | kinds of copyleft that are used in specific circumstances. GNU manuals
+# | are copylefted also, but use a much simpler kind of copyleft, because the
+# | complexity of the GNU GPL is not necessary for [-manuals.(2)-]
+# | {+manuals. <a href=\"#ft4\">[4]</a>+}
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "The specific implementation of copyleft that we use for most GNU software "
+#| "is the GNU General Public License, or GNU GPL for short. We have other "
+#| "kinds of copyleft that are used in specific circumstances. GNU manuals "
+#| "are copylefted also, but use a much simpler kind of copyleft, because the "
+#| "complexity of the GNU GPL is not necessary for manuals.(2)"
msgid ""
"The specific implementation of copyleft that we use for most GNU software is "
"the GNU General Public License, or GNU GPL for short. We have other kinds "
"of copyleft that are used in specific circumstances. GNU manuals are "
"copylefted also, but use a much simpler kind of copyleft, because the "
-"complexity of the GNU GPL is not necessary for manuals.(2)"
+"complexity of the GNU GPL is not necessary for manuals. <a href="
+"\"#ft4\">[4]</a>"
msgstr ""
"Copyleft konkretus įgyvendinimas, kurį mes naudojame daugumai GNU "
"programinÄs įrangos yra GNU bendroji vieÅ¡oji licencija, arba trumpai GNU "
@@ -936,37 +1085,34 @@
"paprastesnį copyleft tipÄ
, nes GNU GPL sudÄtingumas nÄra vadovÄliams "
"būtinas. (2)"
-#. type: Content of: <p>
-msgid ""
-"(1) In 1984 or 1985, Don Hopkins (a very imaginative fellow) mailed me a "
-"letter. On the envelope he had written several amusing sayings, including "
-"this one: “Copyleft—all rights reversed.” I used the word "
-"“copyleft” to name the distribution concept I was developing at "
-"the time."
-msgstr ""
-"(1) 1984 m. ar 1985 m., Don Hopkins (labai kÅ«rybiÅ¡kas biÄiulis) "
-"paÅ¡tu man atsiuntÄ laiÅ¡kÄ
. Ant voko jis užraÅ¡Ä keletÄ
linksmų
posakių, "
-"įskaitant šį: „Copyleft – visos teisÄs iÅ¡virkÅ¡Äios.“
AÅ¡ "
-"panaudojau žodį „copyleft“ pavadinti platinimo koncepcijÄ
,
kuriÄ
"
-"tuo metu vysÄiau."
-
-#. type: Content of: <p>
-msgid ""
-"(2) We now use the <a href=\"/licenses/fdl.html\">GNU Free Documentation "
-"License</a> for documentation."
-msgstr ""
-"(2) Mes dabar dokumentacijai naudojame <a href=\"/licenses/fdl.html\">GNU "
-"laisvos dokumentacijos licencijÄ
</a>."
-
-#. type: Content of: <h3>
+#. type: Content of: <div><h3>
msgid "The Free Software Foundation"
msgstr "Laisvos programinÄs įrangos fondas"
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
+# | As interest in using Emacs was growing, other people became involved in
+# | the GNU project, and we decided that it was time to seek funding once
+# | again. So in 1985 we created the <a
+# | href=\"http{+s+}://www.fsf.org/\">Free Software Foundation</a> (FSF), a
+# | tax-exempt charity for free software development. The <abbr title=\"Free
+# | Software Foundation\">FSF</abbr> also took over the Emacs tape
+# | distribution business; later it extended this by adding other free
+# | software (both GNU and non-GNU) to the tape, and by selling free manuals
+# | as well.
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "As interest in using Emacs was growing, other people became involved in "
+#| "the GNU project, and we decided that it was time to seek funding once "
+#| "again. So in 1985 we created the <a href=\"http://www.fsf.org/\";>Free "
+#| "Software Foundation</a> (FSF), a tax-exempt charity for free software "
+#| "development. The <abbr title=\"Free Software Foundation\">FSF</abbr> "
+#| "also took over the Emacs tape distribution business; later it extended "
+#| "this by adding other free software (both GNU and non-GNU) to the tape, "
+#| "and by selling free manuals as well."
msgid ""
"As interest in using Emacs was growing, other people became involved in the "
"GNU project, and we decided that it was time to seek funding once again. So "
-"in 1985 we created the <a href=\"http://www.fsf.org/\";>Free Software "
+"in 1985 we created the <a href=\"https://www.fsf.org/\";>Free Software "
"Foundation</a> (FSF), a tax-exempt charity for free software development. "
"The <abbr title=\"Free Software Foundation\">FSF</abbr> also took over the "
"Emacs tape distribution business; later it extended this by adding other "
@@ -982,16 +1128,37 @@
"iÅ¡plÄtÄ Ä¯ kasetÄ pridedant kitÄ
laisvÄ
programinÄ Ä¯rangÄ
(abi GNU
ir ne GNU) "
"ir parduodant laisvus vadovÄlius taip pat."
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
+# | Most of the FSF's income used to come from sales of copies of free
+# | software and of other related services (CD-ROMs of source code, CD-ROMs
+# | with binaries, nicely printed manuals, all with the freedom to
+# | redistribute and modify), and Deluxe Distributions (distributions for
+# | which we built the whole collection of software for the customer's choice
+# | of platform). Today the FSF still <a href=\"http{+s+}://shop.fsf.org/\">
+# | sells manuals and other gear</a>, but it gets the bulk of its funding from
+# | members' dues. You can join the FSF at <a
+# | [-href=\"http://fsf.org/join\";>fsf.org</a>.-]
+# | {+href=\"https://my.fsf.org/join\";>fsf.org</a>.+}
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "Most of the FSF's income used to come from sales of copies of free "
+#| "software and of other related services (CD-ROMs of source code, CD-ROMs "
+#| "with binaries, nicely printed manuals, all with the freedom to "
+#| "redistribute and modify), and Deluxe Distributions (distributions for "
+#| "which we built the whole collection of software for the customer's choice "
+#| "of platform). Today the FSF still <a href=\"http://shop.fsf.org/\";> "
+#| "sells manuals and other gear</a>, but it gets the bulk of its funding "
+#| "from members' dues. You can join the FSF at <a href=\"http://fsf.org/join";
+#| "\">fsf.org</a>."
msgid ""
"Most of the FSF's income used to come from sales of copies of free software "
"and of other related services (CD-ROMs of source code, CD-ROMs with "
"binaries, nicely printed manuals, all with the freedom to redistribute and "
"modify), and Deluxe Distributions (distributions for which we built the "
"whole collection of software for the customer's choice of platform). Today "
-"the FSF still <a href=\"http://shop.fsf.org/\";> sells manuals and other "
+"the FSF still <a href=\"https://shop.fsf.org/\";> sells manuals and other "
"gear</a>, but it gets the bulk of its funding from members' dues. You can "
-"join the FSF at <a href=\"http://fsf.org/join\";>fsf.org</a>."
+"join the FSF at <a href=\"https://my.fsf.org/join\";>fsf.org</a>."
msgstr ""
"Didžioji FSF pajamų dalis ateidavo iÅ¡ laisvos programinÄs įrangos
kopijų ir "
"kitų susijusių paslaugų pardavimų (šaltinio kodo kompaktinių
plokštelių, "
@@ -1003,7 +1170,24 @@
"savo finansavimo gauna iÅ¡ narių narystÄs mokesÄių. JÅ«s galite
prisijungti "
"prie FSF Äia <a href=\"http://fsf.org/join\";>fsf.org</a>."
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
+# | Free Software Foundation employees have written and maintained a number of
+# | GNU software packages. Two notable ones are the C library and the shell.
+# | The GNU C library is what every program running on a GNU/Linux system uses
+# | to communicate with Linux. It was developed by a member of the Free
+# | Software Foundation staff, Roland McGrath. The shell used on most
+# | GNU/Linux systems is <abbr title=\"Bourne Again Shell\">BASH</abbr>, the
+# | Bourne Again [-Shell(1),-] {+SHell <a href=\"#ft5\">[5]</a>,+} which
+# | was developed by FSF employee Brian Fox.
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "Free Software Foundation employees have written and maintained a number "
+#| "of GNU software packages. Two notable ones are the C library and the "
+#| "shell. The GNU C library is what every program running on a GNU/Linux "
+#| "system uses to communicate with Linux. It was developed by a member of "
+#| "the Free Software Foundation staff, Roland McGrath. The shell used on "
+#| "most GNU/Linux systems is <abbr title=\"Bourne Again Shell\">BASH</abbr>, "
+#| "the Bourne Again Shell(1), which was developed by FSF employee Brian Fox."
msgid ""
"Free Software Foundation employees have written and maintained a number of "
"GNU software packages. Two notable ones are the C library and the shell. "
@@ -1011,7 +1195,8 @@
"to communicate with Linux. It was developed by a member of the Free "
"Software Foundation staff, Roland McGrath. The shell used on most GNU/Linux "
"systems is <abbr title=\"Bourne Again Shell\">BASH</abbr>, the Bourne Again "
-"Shell(1), which was developed by FSF employee Brian Fox."
+"SHell <a href=\"#ft5\">[5]</a>, which was developed by FSF employee "
+"Brian Fox."
msgstr ""
"Laisvos programinÄs įrangos fondo darbuotojai paraÅ¡Ä ir palaikÄ eilÄ
GNU "
"programinÄs įrangos paketų. Du iÅ¡skirtiniai yra C biblioteka ir "
@@ -1022,7 +1207,7 @@
"<abbr title=\"Bourne Again Shell\">BASH</abbr> – Bourne Again Shell "
"(1), kurį iÅ¡vystÄ FSF darbuotojas Brian Fox."
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"We funded development of these programs because the GNU Project was not just "
"about tools or a development environment. Our goal was a complete operating "
@@ -1032,19 +1217,11 @@
"įrankius arba vystymo aplinkÄ
. MÅ«sų tikslas buvo iÅ¡baigta operacinÄ
sistema "
"ir Å¡ios programos buvo reikalingos tam tikslui."
-#. type: Content of: <p>
-msgid ""
-"(1) “Bourne Again Shell” is a play on the name “Bourne "
-"Shell”, which was the usual shell on Unix."
-msgstr ""
-"(1) „Bourne Again Shell“ yra žodžių žaismas pavadinimu
„"
-"Bourne Shell“, kuris buvo įprastinis Unix kiautas."
-
-#. type: Content of: <h3>
+#. type: Content of: <div><h3>
msgid "Free software support"
msgstr "Laisvos programinÄs įrangos palaikymas"
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"The free software philosophy rejects a specific widespread business "
"practice, but it is not against business. When businesses respect the "
@@ -1054,7 +1231,7 @@
"praktikÄ
, bet ji nÄra prieÅ¡ verslÄ
. Kai verslai gerbia naudotojų
laisvÄ, "
"mes jiems linkime sÄkmÄs."
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"Selling copies of Emacs demonstrates one kind of free software business. "
"When the FSF took over that business, I needed another way to make a "
@@ -1070,7 +1247,7 @@
"temomis, kaip kaip suprogramuoti GNU Emacs ir kaip sureguliuoti GCC, ir "
"programinÄs įrangos vystymas, daugiausia GCC perkÄlimas į naujas
platformas."
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"Today each of these kinds of free software business is practiced by a number "
"of corporations. Some distribute free software collections on CD-ROM; "
@@ -1085,14 +1262,33 @@
"ypatybių pridÄjimo. Mes pradedame matyti net laisvos programinÄs įrangos
"
"kompanijas, paremtas naujų laisvos programinÄs įrangos produktų
paleidimu."
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
+# | Watch out, though—a number of companies that associate themselves
+# | with the term “open source” actually base their business on
+# | nonfree software that works with free software. These are not free
+# | software companies, they are proprietary software companies whose products
+# | tempt users away from freedom. They call these programs
+# | “value-added [-packages”,-] {+packages,”+} which shows
+# | the values they would like us to adopt: convenience above freedom. If we
+# | value freedom more, we should call them “freedom-subtracted”
+# | packages.
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "Watch out, though—a number of companies that associate themselves "
+#| "with the term “open source” actually base their business on "
+#| "nonfree software that works with free software. These are not free "
+#| "software companies, they are proprietary software companies whose "
+#| "products tempt users away from freedom. They call these programs “"
+#| "value-added packages”, which shows the values they would like us to "
+#| "adopt: convenience above freedom. If we value freedom more, we should "
+#| "call them “freedom-subtracted” packages."
msgid ""
"Watch out, though—a number of companies that associate themselves with "
"the term “open source” actually base their business on nonfree "
"software that works with free software. These are not free software "
"companies, they are proprietary software companies whose products tempt "
"users away from freedom. They call these programs “value-added "
-"packages”, which shows the values they would like us to adopt: "
+"packages,” which shows the values they would like us to adopt: "
"convenience above freedom. If we value freedom more, we should call them "
"“freedom-subtracted” packages."
msgstr ""
@@ -1106,11 +1302,11 @@
"priimtume: patogumas pirmiau laisvÄs. Jei mes laisvÄ vertiname labiau, mes
"
"turÄtume jas vadinti „atimtos laisvÄs“ paketais."
-#. type: Content of: <h3>
+#. type: Content of: <div><h3>
msgid "Technical goals"
msgstr "Techniniai tikslai"
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"The principal goal of GNU is to be free software. Even if GNU had no "
"technical advantage over Unix, it would have a social advantage, allowing "
@@ -1121,7 +1317,7 @@
"leidžiantį naudotojams bendradarbiauti ir etinį privalumÄ
–
naudotojo "
"laisvÄs gerbimÄ
."
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"But it was natural to apply the known standards of good practice to the "
"work—for example, dynamically allocating data structures to avoid "
@@ -1133,7 +1329,7 @@
"parinktų fiksuotos apimties ribų ir sutvarkyti visus galimus 8 bitų kodus,
"
"kai tik tai turÄjo prasmÄ."
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"In addition, we rejected the Unix focus on small memory size, by deciding "
"not to support 16-bit machines (it was clear that 32-bit machines would be "
@@ -1151,7 +1347,7 @@
"programuotojus nuskaityti visÄ
įvesties failÄ
į šerdį, tada skenuoti jo
"
"turinį nepergyvenant dÄl įvesties ir iÅ¡vesties."
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"These decisions enabled many GNU programs to surpass their Unix counterparts "
"in reliability and speed."
@@ -1159,11 +1355,11 @@
"Šie sprendimai daug GNU programų įgalino aplenkti savo Unix atitikmenis "
"patikimumu ir greiÄiu."
-#. type: Content of: <h3>
+#. type: Content of: <div><h3>
msgid "Donated computers"
msgstr "Paaukoti kompiuteriai"
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"As the GNU Project's reputation grew, people began offering to donate "
"machines running Unix to the project. These were very useful, because the "
@@ -1177,7 +1373,7 @@
"sistemoje ir po vienÄ
pakeisti tos sistemos komponentus. Bet jos iÅ¡kÄlÄ "
"etinÄ problemÄ
: ar mums buvo teisinga aplamai turÄti Unix kopijÄ
."
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"Unix was (and is) proprietary software, and the GNU Project's philosophy "
"said that we should not use proprietary software. But, applying the same "
@@ -1193,7 +1389,7 @@
"paketÄ
, kai tai buvo kritiÅ¡ka laisvo pakaitalo, kuris kitiems padÄtų
sustoti "
"naudoti tÄ
nuosavybinį paketÄ
, vystymui."
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"But, even if this was a justifiable evil, it was still an evil. Today we no "
"longer have any copies of Unix, because we have replaced them with free "
@@ -1205,11 +1401,11 @@
"operacinÄmis sistemomis. Jei mes pakeisti maÅ¡inos operacinÄs sistemos į "
"laisvÄ
negalÄjome, vietoje to mes pakeitÄme maÅ¡inÄ
."
-#. type: Content of: <h3>
+#. type: Content of: <div><h3>
msgid "The GNU Task List"
msgstr "GNU užduoÄių sÄ
rašas"
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"As the GNU Project proceeded, and increasing numbers of system components "
"were found or developed, eventually it became useful to make a list of the "
@@ -1227,13 +1423,27 @@
"dokumentacijos projektus, kuriuos, mes manÄme, tikrai iÅ¡baigta sistema turi
"
"turÄti."
-#. type: Content of: <p>
-msgid ""
-"Today (1), hardly any Unix components are left in the GNU Task List—"
-"those jobs had been done, aside from a few inessential ones. But the list "
-"is full of projects that some might call “applications”. Any "
-"program that appeals to more than a narrow class of users would be a useful "
-"thing to add to an operating system."
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
+# | [-Today (1),-]{+Today <a href=\"#ft6\">[6]</a>,+} hardly any Unix
+# | components are left in the GNU Task List—those jobs had been done,
+# | aside from a few inessential ones. But the list is full of projects that
+# | some might call [-“applications”.-]
+# | {+“applications.”+} Any program that appeals to more than a
+# | narrow class of users would be a useful thing to add to an operating
+# | system.
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "Today (1), hardly any Unix components are left in the GNU Task List—"
+#| "those jobs had been done, aside from a few inessential ones. But the "
+#| "list is full of projects that some might call “"
+#| "applications”. Any program that appeals to more than a narrow "
+#| "class of users would be a useful thing to add to an operating system."
+msgid ""
+"Today <a href=\"#ft6\">[6]</a>, hardly any Unix components are left in "
+"the GNU Task List—those jobs had been done, aside from a few "
+"inessential ones. But the list is full of projects that some might call "
+"“applications.” Any program that appeals to more than a narrow "
+"class of users would be a useful thing to add to an operating system."
msgstr ""
"Å iandien (1), vargu ar yra Unix komponentų, likusių GNU užduoÄių sÄ
raše "
"– tie darbai buvo atlikti, Å¡alimais kai kurių neesminių. Bet tas "
@@ -1241,7 +1451,7 @@
"aplikacijomis“. Bet kokia programa, kuri traukia daugiau, nei siaurÄ
"
"naudotojų klasÄ, bÅ«tų naudingas dalykas pridÄti prie operacinÄs
sistemos."
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"Even games are included in the task list—and have been since the "
"beginning. Unix included games, so naturally GNU should too. But "
@@ -1255,34 +1465,31 @@
"turÄjo Unix, sÄ
rašo. Vietoje to, mes išvardinome skirtingų tipų
žaidimų, "
"kurie gali patikti naudotojams, spektrÄ
."
-#. type: Content of: <p>
-msgid ""
-"(1) That was written in 1998. In 2009 we no longer maintain a long task "
-"list. The community develops free software so fast that we can't even keep "
-"track of it all. Instead, we have a list of High Priority Projects, a much "
-"shorter list of projects we really want to encourage people to write."
-msgstr ""
-"(1) Anie buvo parašyti 1998 m. 2009 m. mes daugiau nepalaikome "
-"ilgo užduoÄių sÄ
raÅ¡o. BendruomenÄ vysto laisvÄ
programinÄ Ä¯rangÄ
taip "
-"greitai, kad mes net negalime visos jos stebÄti. Vietoje to, mes turime "
-"AukÅ¡to prioriteto projektų sÄ
raÅ¡Ä
– daug trumpesnis projektų,
kuriuos "
-"mes tikrai norime paskatinti žmones paraÅ¡yti, sÄ
rašas."
-
-#. type: Content of: <h3>
+#. type: Content of: <div><h3>
msgid "The GNU Library GPL"
msgstr "GNU bibliotekos GPL"
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
+# | The GNU C library uses a special kind of copyleft called the GNU Library
+# | General Public [-License(1),-] {+License <a href=\"#ft7\">[7]</a>,+}
+# | which gives permission to link proprietary software with the library. Why
+# | make this exception?
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "The GNU C library uses a special kind of copyleft called the GNU Library "
+#| "General Public License(1), which gives permission to link proprietary "
+#| "software with the library. Why make this exception?"
msgid ""
"The GNU C library uses a special kind of copyleft called the GNU Library "
-"General Public License(1), which gives permission to link proprietary "
-"software with the library. Why make this exception?"
+"General Public License <a href=\"#ft7\">[7]</a>, which gives "
+"permission to link proprietary software with the library. Why make this "
+"exception?"
msgstr ""
"GNU C biblioteka naudoja specialaus tipo copyleft, pavadintÄ
GNU bibliotekos
"
"bendroji vieÅ¡oji licencija (1), kuri suteikia leidimÄ
susieti nuosavybinÄ "
"programinÄ Ä¯rangÄ
su Å¡ia biblioteka. KodÄl padaryti Å¡iÄ
išimtį?"
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"It is not a matter of principle; there is no principle that says proprietary "
"software products are entitled to include our code. (Why contribute to a "
@@ -1295,7 +1502,7 @@
"LGPL naudojimas C bibliotekai, arba bet kokiai bibliotekai, yra strategijos "
"reikalas."
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"The C library does a generic job; every proprietary system or compiler comes "
"with a C library. Therefore, to make our C library available only to free "
@@ -1308,7 +1515,7 @@
"suteiktÄ
jokio privalumo – tai tik bÅ«tų atbaidÄ nuo mÅ«sų
bibliotekos "
"naudojimo."
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"One system is an exception to this: on the GNU system (and this includes GNU/"
"Linux), the GNU C library is the only C library. So the distribution terms "
@@ -1328,7 +1535,7 @@
"vystymÄ
. Å tai todÄl Bibliotekos GPL naudojimas yra gera strategija tai C "
"bibliotekai."
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"For other libraries, the strategic decision needs to be considered on a case-"
"by-case basis. When a library does a special job that can help write "
@@ -1343,7 +1550,7 @@
"programinÄs įrangos autoriams, jiems suteikiant privalumÄ
prieš
nuosavybinÄ "
"programinÄ Ä¯rangÄ
."
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"Consider GNU Readline, a library that was developed to provide command-line "
"editing for BASH. Readline is released under the ordinary GNU GPL, not the "
@@ -1359,7 +1566,7 @@
"padaryta laisva programine įranga konkreÄiai, kad ji galÄtų naudoti
Readline "
"ir tai yra bendruomenei tikras laimÄjimas."
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"Proprietary software developers have the advantages money provides; free "
"software developers need to make advantages for each other. I hope some day "
@@ -1377,23 +1584,11 @@
"prisidedanÄių prie didelio privalumo tolimesniam laisvos programinÄs
įrangos "
"vystymui."
-#. type: Content of: <p>
-msgid ""
-"(1) This license is now called the GNU Lesser General Public License, to "
-"avoid giving the idea that all libraries ought to use it. See <a href=\"/"
-"philosophy/why-not-lgpl.html\">Why you shouldn't use the Lesser GPL for your "
-"next library</a> for more information."
-msgstr ""
-"(1) Ši licencija dabar pavadinta GNU mažiau bendroji viešoji licencija,
jog "
-"iÅ¡vengti suteikti idÄjÄ
, kad visos bibliotekos turi jÄ
naudoti.
Pamatykite "
-"daugiau informacijos <a href=\"/philosophy/why-not-lgpl.html\">KodÄl jÅ«s "
-"savo kitai bibliotekai neturÄtumÄte naudoti Mažiau GPL</a>."
-
-#. type: Content of: <h3>
+#. type: Content of: <div><h3>
msgid "Scratching an itch?"
msgstr "Niežulio kasymas?"
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"Eric Raymond says that “Every good work of software starts by "
"scratching a developer's personal itch.” Maybe that happens sometimes, "
@@ -1407,7 +1602,7 @@
"siekiant turÄti iÅ¡baigtÄ
laisvÄ
operacinÄ sistemÄ
. Jos ateina iš
vizijos ir "
"plano, ne impulsyviai."
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"For example, we developed the GNU C library because a Unix-like system needs "
"a C library, BASH because a Unix-like system needs a shell, and GNU tar "
@@ -1420,7 +1615,7 @@
"tiesa mano paties programoms – GNU C compiler, GNU Emacs, GDB ir GNU "
"Make."
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"Some GNU programs were developed to cope with specific threats to our "
"freedom. Thus, we developed gzip to replace the Compress program, which had "
@@ -1442,7 +1637,7 @@
"populiariÄ
nelaisvÄ
Å¡ifravimo programinÄ Ä¯rangÄ
, nes naudotojai
neturÄtų "
"rinktis tarp privatumo ir laisvÄs."
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"Of course, the people writing these programs became interested in the work, "
"and many features were added to them by various people for the sake of their "
@@ -1452,11 +1647,11 @@
"ypatybių prie jų pridÄjo įvairÅ«s žmonÄs savo paÄių poreikių ir
interesų "
"labui. Bet tai nÄra tai kodÄl tos programos egzistuoja."
-#. type: Content of: <h3>
+#. type: Content of: <div><h3>
msgid "Unexpected developments"
msgstr "NetikÄtos plÄtotÄs"
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"At the beginning of the GNU Project, I imagined that we would develop the "
"whole GNU system, then release it as a whole. That is not how it happened."
@@ -1464,7 +1659,7 @@
"GNU projekto pradžioje, aÅ¡ įsivaizdavau, kad mes iÅ¡vystysime visÄ
GNU "
"sistemÄ
, tada jÄ
iÅ¡leisime kaip visumÄ
. Ne taip tai įvyko."
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"Since each component of the GNU system was implemented on a Unix system, "
"each component could run on Unix systems long before a complete GNU system "
@@ -1479,7 +1674,7 @@
"– į įvairias nesuderinamas Unix versijas, ir kartais į kitas
sistemas "
"taip pat."
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"The process made these programs much more powerful, and attracted both funds "
"and contributors to the GNU Project. But it probably also delayed "
@@ -1495,11 +1690,11 @@
"egzistuojanÄių komponentų pridÄjimui, o ne tÄsti raÅ¡yti vienÄ
trÅ«kstamÄ
"
"komponentÄ
po kito."
-#. type: Content of: <h3>
+#. type: Content of: <div><h3>
msgid "The GNU Hurd"
msgstr "GNU Hurd"
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"By 1990, the GNU system was almost complete; the only major missing "
"component was the kernel. We had decided to implement our kernel as a "
@@ -1519,7 +1714,7 @@
"pradžia buvo atidÄta, kol mes laukÄme Mach iÅ¡leidimo kaip laisva
programinÄ "
"įranga, kaip buvo pažadÄta."
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"One reason for choosing this design was to avoid what seemed to be the "
"hardest part of the job: debugging a kernel program without a source-level "
@@ -1537,11 +1732,11 @@
"kitam siunÄia žinutes, gavosi, kad yra labai sunku suderinti. Hurd "
"padarymas dirbti užtikrintai užsitÄsÄ daugelį metų."
-#. type: Content of: <h3>
+#. type: Content of: <div><h3>
msgid "Alix"
msgstr "Alix"
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"The GNU kernel was not originally supposed to be called the Hurd. Its "
"original name was Alix—named after the woman who was my sweetheart at "
@@ -1558,7 +1753,7 @@
"pagal mane.“ AÅ¡ nieko nepasakiau, bet nusprendžiau jÄ
nustebinti su "
"branduoliu pavadintu Alix."
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"It did not stay that way. Michael (now Thomas) Bushnell, the main developer "
"of the kernel, preferred the name Hurd, and redefined Alix to refer to a "
@@ -1570,7 +1765,7 @@
"į tam tikrÄ
to branduolio dalį – dalis, kuri sistemos kvietimus "
"patalpintų į spÄ
stus ir juos tvarkytų siųsdama žinutes Hurd serveriams."
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"Later, Alix and I broke up, and she changed her name; independently, the "
"Hurd design was changed so that the C library would send messages directly "
@@ -1580,7 +1775,7 @@
"Hurd dizainas buvo pakeistas taip, kad C biblioteka siųstų žinutes "
"tiesiogiai serveriams ir tai Alix komponentÄ
pašalino iš to dizaino."
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"But before these things happened, a friend of hers came across the name Alix "
"in the Hurd source code, and mentioned it to her. So she did have the "
@@ -1590,11 +1785,11 @@
"pastebÄjo Alix vardÄ
ir jai Å¡itÄ
paminÄjo. Taigi, ji turÄjo progÄ
atrasti "
"branduolį, pavadintÄ
pagal jÄ
."
-#. type: Content of: <h3>
+#. type: Content of: <div><h3>
msgid "Linux and GNU/Linux"
msgstr "Linux ir GNU/Linux"
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"The GNU Hurd is not suitable for production use, and we don't know if it "
"ever will be. The capability-based design has problems that result directly "
@@ -1605,7 +1800,7 @@
"kada nors bus. GebÄjimais paremtas dizainas turi problemų, kurios kyla "
"tiesiogiai iÅ¡ tokio dizaino lankstumo ir nÄra aiÅ¡ku ar sprendimai
egzistuoja."
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"Fortunately, another kernel is available. In 1991, Linus Torvalds developed "
"a Unix-compatible kernel and called it Linux. It was proprietary at first, "
@@ -1622,12 +1817,26 @@
"darbas.) Linux dÄka mes galime Å¡iandien iÅ¡ tikrųjų leisti GNU sistemos "
"versijÄ
."
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
+# | We call this system version <a href=\"/gnu/linux-and-gnu.html\">
+# | GNU/Linux</a>, to express its composition as a combination of the GNU
+# | system with Linux as the kernel. Please don't fall into the practice of
+# | calling the whole system [-“Linux”,-] {+“Linux,”+}
+# | since that means attributing our work to someone else. Please <a
+# | href=\"/gnu/gnu-linux-faq.html\"> give us equal mention</a>.
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "We call this system version <a href=\"/gnu/linux-and-gnu.html\"> GNU/"
+#| "Linux</a>, to express its composition as a combination of the GNU system "
+#| "with Linux as the kernel. Please don't fall into the practice of calling "
+#| "the whole system “Linux”, since that means attributing our "
+#| "work to someone else. Please <a href=\"/gnu/gnu-linux-faq.html\"> give "
+#| "us equal mention</a>."
msgid ""
"We call this system version <a href=\"/gnu/linux-and-gnu.html\"> GNU/Linux</"
"a>, to express its composition as a combination of the GNU system with Linux "
"as the kernel. Please don't fall into the practice of calling the whole "
-"system “Linux”, since that means attributing our work to someone "
+"system “Linux,” since that means attributing our work to someone "
"else. Please <a href=\"/gnu/gnu-linux-faq.html\"> give us equal mention</a>."
msgstr ""
"Å iÄ
sistemos versijÄ
mes vadiname <a href=\"/gnu/linux-and-gnu.html\">GNU/"
@@ -1637,11 +1846,11 @@
"kažkam kitam. PraÅ¡ome <a href=\"/gnu/gnu-linux-faq.html\">lygiaverÄiai "
"pamynÄkite mus</a>."
-#. type: Content of: <h3>
+#. type: Content of: <div><h3>
msgid "Challenges in our future"
msgstr "Mūsų ateities iššūkiai"
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"We have proved our ability to develop a broad spectrum of free software. "
"This does not mean we are invincible and unstoppable. Several challenges "
@@ -1657,15 +1866,15 @@
"reikÄs tokio tipo apsisprendimo, kurį žmonÄs parodo, kai jie vertina savo
"
"laisvÄ ir niekam neleis jos atimti."
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid "The following four sections discuss these challenges."
msgstr "Toliau pateikti keturi skyriai aptaria šiuos iššūkius."
-#. type: Content of: <h3>
+#. type: Content of: <div><h3>
msgid "Secret hardware"
msgstr "Slapta techninÄ Ä¯ranga"
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"Hardware manufacturers increasingly tend to keep hardware specifications "
"secret. This makes it difficult to write free drivers so that Linux and "
@@ -1678,7 +1887,7 @@
"mes turime iÅ¡baigtas laisvas sistemas, bet mes jų neturÄsime rytoj jei mes
"
"negalÄsime palaikyti rytojaus kompiuterių."
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"There are two ways to cope with this problem. Programmers can do reverse "
"engineering to figure out how to support the hardware. The rest of us can "
@@ -1691,14 +1900,29 @@
"laisva programine įranga; kai tokių kaip mes skaiÄius iÅ¡augs,
specifikacijų "
"slaptumas taps juos paÄius nugalinÄia politika."
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
+# | Reverse engineering is a big job; will we have programmers with sufficient
+# | determination to undertake it? Yes—if we have built up a strong
+# | feeling that free software is a matter of principle, and nonfree drivers
+# | are intolerable. And will large numbers of us spend extra money, or even
+# | a little extra time, so we can use free drivers? Yes, if the determination
+# | to have freedom is [-widespread.-] {+widespread. <a
+# | href=\"#ft8\">[8]</a>+}
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "Reverse engineering is a big job; will we have programmers with "
+#| "sufficient determination to undertake it? Yes—if we have built up a "
+#| "strong feeling that free software is a matter of principle, and nonfree "
+#| "drivers are intolerable. And will large numbers of us spend extra money, "
+#| "or even a little extra time, so we can use free drivers? Yes, if the "
+#| "determination to have freedom is widespread."
msgid ""
"Reverse engineering is a big job; will we have programmers with sufficient "
"determination to undertake it? Yes—if we have built up a strong "
"feeling that free software is a matter of principle, and nonfree drivers are "
"intolerable. And will large numbers of us spend extra money, or even a "
"little extra time, so we can use free drivers? Yes, if the determination to "
-"have freedom is widespread."
+"have freedom is widespread. <a href=\"#ft8\">[8]</a>"
msgstr ""
"AtgalinÄ inžinerija yra didelis darbas; ar mes turÄsime programuotojų su "
"pakankamu pasiryžimu jos imtis? Taip – jei mes įgijome stiprų jausmÄ
, "
@@ -1707,24 +1931,11 @@
"skirs truputi papildomo laiko, kad mes galÄtume naudoti laisvas tvarkykles? "
"Taip, jei tas pasiryžimas turÄti laisvÄ yra plaÄiai paplitÄs."
-#. type: Content of: <p>
-msgid ""
-"(2008 note: this issue extends to the BIOS as well. There is a free BIOS, "
-"<a href=\"http://www.libreboot.org/\";>LibreBoot</a> (a distribution of "
-"coreboot); the problem is getting specs for machines so that LibreBoot can "
-"support them without nonfree “blobs”.)"
-msgstr ""
-"(2008 m. pastaba: Å¡i problema apima BIOS taip pat. Yra laisva BIOS "
-"– <a href=\"http://www.libreboot.org/\";>LibreBoot</a> (coreboot "
-"distribucija); problema yra specifikacijų mašinoms gavimas taip, kad "
-"LibreBoot galÄtų jas palaikyti be nelaisvų „blobs“<sup><a
href="
-"\"#TransNote2\">2</a></sup>.)"
-
-#. type: Content of: <h3>
+#. type: Content of: <div><h3>
msgid "Nonfree libraries"
msgstr "Nelaisvos bibliotekos"
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"A nonfree library that runs on free operating systems acts as a trap for "
"free software developers. The library's attractive features are the bait; "
@@ -1743,7 +1954,7 @@
"programa, kuri naudoja tÄ
nuosavybinÄ bibliotekÄ
, tampa populiaria, ji
gali "
"į tokius spÄ
stus privilioti kitus nieko neįtarianÄius programuotojus."
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"The first instance of this problem was the Motif toolkit, back in the 80s. "
"Although there were as yet no free operating systems, it was clear what "
@@ -1763,7 +1974,7 @@
"LessTif, Hungry Programmers išvystytas, tik 1997 m. tapo pakankamai "
"galingu palaikyti daugumai Motif aplikacijų."
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"Between 1996 and 1998, another nonfree <abbr title=\"Graphical User Interface"
"\">GUI</abbr> toolkit library, called Qt, was used in a substantial "
@@ -1776,7 +1987,7 @@
"rinkinyje – darbastalyje <abbr title=\"K Desktop Environment\">KDE</"
"abbr>."
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"Free GNU/Linux systems were unable to use KDE, because we could not use the "
"library. However, some commercial distributors of GNU/Linux systems who "
@@ -1795,7 +2006,7 @@
"niekada nebuvo susidÅ«rÄ su idÄja, kad Å¡itai turÄjo problemÄ
. Situacija
"
"atrodÄ gÄ
sdinanÄiai."
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"The free software community responded to the problem in two ways: GNOME and "
"Harmony."
@@ -1803,7 +2014,7 @@
"Laisvos programinÄs įrangos bendruomenÄ atsakÄ Ä¯ Å¡iÄ
problemÄ
dviem
būdais: "
"GNOME ir Harmony."
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"GNOME, the GNU Network Object Model Environment, is GNU's desktop project. "
"Started in 1997 by Miguel de Icaza, and developed with the support of Red "
@@ -1820,7 +2031,7 @@
"+. Bet jos pagrindinis tikslas buvo laisvÄ: nereikalauti naudoti jokios "
"nelaisvos programinÄs įrangos."
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"Harmony is a compatible replacement library, designed to make it possible to "
"run KDE software without using Qt."
@@ -1828,13 +2039,28 @@
"Harmony yra suderinama pakaitinÄ biblioteka, suprojektuota, kad bÅ«tų
įmanoma "
"leisti KDE programinÄ Ä¯rangÄ
nenaudojant Qt."
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
+# | In November 1998, the developers of Qt announced a change of license
+# | which, when carried out, should make Qt free software. There is no way to
+# | be sure, but I think that this was partly due to the community's firm
+# | response to the problem that Qt posed when it was nonfree. (The new
+# | license is inconvenient and inequitable, so it remains desirable to avoid
+# | using [-Qt.)-] {+Qt. <a href=\"#ft9\">[9]</a>)+}
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "In November 1998, the developers of Qt announced a change of license "
+#| "which, when carried out, should make Qt free software. There is no way "
+#| "to be sure, but I think that this was partly due to the community's firm "
+#| "response to the problem that Qt posed when it was nonfree. (The new "
+#| "license is inconvenient and inequitable, so it remains desirable to avoid "
+#| "using Qt.)"
msgid ""
"In November 1998, the developers of Qt announced a change of license which, "
"when carried out, should make Qt free software. There is no way to be sure, "
"but I think that this was partly due to the community's firm response to the "
"problem that Qt posed when it was nonfree. (The new license is inconvenient "
-"and inequitable, so it remains desirable to avoid using Qt.)"
+"and inequitable, so it remains desirable to avoid using Qt. <a href="
+"\"#ft9\">[9]</a>)"
msgstr ""
"1998 m. lapkritį, Qt autoriai paskelbÄ apie licencijos pakeitimÄ
, "
"kuris, kai bus įvykdytas, turÄtų Qt padaryti laisva programine įranga.
NÄra "
@@ -1843,15 +2069,7 @@
"nelaisva. (Ta nauja licencija yra nepatogi ir neadekvati, taigi, išlieka "
"pageidautina vengti Qt naudojimo.)"
-#. type: Content of: <p>
-msgid ""
-"[Subsequent note: in September 2000, Qt was rereleased under the GNU GPL, "
-"which essentially solved this problem.]"
-msgstr ""
-"[VÄlesnÄ pastaba: 2000 m. rugsÄjį, Qt buvo iÅ¡leista pagal GNU GPL,
kas "
-"iÅ¡ esmÄs Å¡iÄ
problemÄ
iÅ¡sprendÄ.]"
-
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"How will we respond to the next tempting nonfree library? Will the whole "
"community understand the need to stay out of the trap? Or will many of us "
@@ -1863,20 +2081,21 @@
"laisvÄs dÄl patogumo ir sukurs didelÄ problemÄ
? Mūsų ateitis priklauso
nuo "
"mūsų filosofijos."
-#. type: Content of: <h3>
+#. type: Content of: <div><h3>
msgid "Software patents"
msgstr "PrograminÄs įrangos patentai"
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
# | The worst threat we face comes from software patents, which can put
# | algorithms and features off limits to free software for up to twenty
# | years. The LZW compression algorithm patents were applied for in 1983,
# | and we still cannot release free software to produce proper compressed
-# | <abbr title=\"Graphics Interchange Format\">GIF</abbr>s. [As of 2009 they
-# | have expired.] In 1998, a free program to produce <abbr title=\"MPEG-1
-# | Audio Layer 3\">MP3</abbr> compressed audio was removed from distribution
-# | under threat of a patent suit. {+[As of 2017, these patents have expired.
-# | Look how long we had to wait.]+}
+# | <abbr title=\"Graphics Interchange [-Format\">GIF</abbr>s. [As of 2009
+# | they have expired.]-] {+Format\">GIF</abbr>s. <a
+# | href=\"#ft10\">[10]</a>+} In 1998, a free program to produce <abbr
+# | title=\"MPEG-1 Audio Layer 3\">MP3</abbr> compressed audio was removed
+# | from distribution under threat of a patent [-suit.-] {+suit. <a
+# | href=\"#ft11\">[11]</a>+}
#, fuzzy
#| msgid ""
#| "The worst threat we face comes from software patents, which can put "
@@ -1892,11 +2111,10 @@
"algorithms and features off limits to free software for up to twenty years. "
"The LZW compression algorithm patents were applied for in 1983, and we still "
"cannot release free software to produce proper compressed <abbr title="
-"\"Graphics Interchange Format\">GIF</abbr>s. [As of 2009 they have "
-"expired.] In 1998, a free program to produce <abbr title=\"MPEG-1 Audio "
-"Layer 3\">MP3</abbr> compressed audio was removed from distribution under "
-"threat of a patent suit. [As of 2017, these patents have expired. Look how "
-"long we had to wait.]"
+"\"Graphics Interchange Format\">GIF</abbr>s. <a href=\"#ft10\">[10]</"
+"a> In 1998, a free program to produce <abbr title=\"MPEG-1 Audio Layer "
+"3\">MP3</abbr> compressed audio was removed from distribution under threat "
+"of a patent suit. <a href=\"#ft11\">[11]</a>"
msgstr ""
"Didžiausia grÄsmÄ su kuria mes susiduriame kyla iÅ¡ programinÄs įrangos "
"patentų, kurie gali algoritmus ir ypatybes patalpinti už laisvos
programinÄs "
@@ -1908,7 +2126,7 @@
"suglaudintam audio buvo paÅ¡alinta iÅ¡ distribucijos dÄl patentinÄs bylos "
"grÄsmÄs."
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
# | There are ways to cope with patents: we can search for evidence that a
# | patent is invalid, and we can look for alternative ways to do a job. But
# | each of these methods works only sometimes; when both fail, a patent may
@@ -1936,7 +2154,7 @@
"ypatybÄs, kurios nori naudotojai, trÅ«kumÄ
. KÄ
mes darysime, kai Å¡itai "
"atsitiks?"
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"Those of us who value free software for freedom's sake will stay with free "
"software anyway. We will manage to get work done without the patented "
@@ -1956,11 +2174,11 @@
"laisvos programinÄs įrangos patikimumÄ
ir galiÄ
, mes ties tuo privalome "
"nesustoti. Mes privalome kalbÄti apie laisvÄ ir principÄ
."
-#. type: Content of: <h3>
+#. type: Content of: <div><h3>
msgid "Free documentation"
msgstr "Laisva dokumentacija"
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"The biggest deficiency in our free operating systems is not in the "
"software—it is the lack of good free manuals that we can include in "
@@ -1975,7 +2193,7 @@
"nepristatomas kartu su geru laisvu vadovÄliu, tai yra didelÄ spraga. "
"Šiandien mes turime daug tokių spragų."
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"Free documentation, like free software, is a matter of freedom, not price. "
"The criterion for a free manual is pretty much the same as for free "
@@ -1990,7 +2208,7 @@
"prisijungus ir popieriumi, turi bÅ«ti leidžiamas taip, kad tÄ
vadovÄlį
galima "
"bÅ«tų pridÄti prie kiekvienos tos programos kopijos."
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"Permission for modification is crucial too. As a general rule, I don't "
"believe that it is essential for people to have permission to modify all "
@@ -2004,7 +2222,7 @@
"suteikti leidimÄ
modifikuoti straipsnius, kaip šitas, kurie apibūdina
mūsų "
"veiksmus ir mūsų požiūrius."
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"But there is a particular reason why the freedom to modify is crucial for "
"documentation for free software. When people exercise their right to modify "
@@ -2022,7 +2240,7 @@
"Nelaisvas vadovÄlis, kuris neleidžia programuotojams bÅ«ti kruopÅ¡Äiais ir
"
"užbaigti darbÄ
, mÅ«sų bendruomenÄs poreikių neiÅ¡pildo."
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"Some kinds of limits on how modifications are done pose no problem. For "
"example, requirements to preserve the original author's copyright notice, "
@@ -2046,7 +2264,7 @@
"neblokuoja laisvos programinÄs įrangos bendruomenÄs nuo visiÅ¡ko
vadovÄlio "
"panaudojimo."
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"However, it must be possible to modify all the <em>technical</em> content of "
"the manual, and then distribute the result in all the usual media, through "
@@ -2058,7 +2276,7 @@
"įprastais kanalais; kitu atveju, suvaržymai trukdo bendruomenei, vadovÄlis
"
"nÄra laisvas ir mums reikia dar vieno vadovÄlio."
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"Will free software developers have the awareness and determination to "
"produce a full spectrum of free manuals? Once again, our future depends on "
@@ -2068,14 +2286,24 @@
"pagaminti visÄ
spektrÄ
laisvų vadovÄlių? Dar kartÄ
, mūsų ateitis
priklauso "
"nuo filosofijos."
-#. type: Content of: <h3>
+#. type: Content of: <div><h3>
msgid "We must talk about freedom"
msgstr "Mes privalome kalbÄti apie laisvÄ"
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
+# | Estimates today are that there are ten million users of GNU/Linux systems
+# | such as Debian GNU/Linux and Red Hat [-“Linux”.-]
+# | {+“Linux.”+} Free software has developed such practical
+# | advantages that users are flocking to it for purely practical reasons.
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "Estimates today are that there are ten million users of GNU/Linux systems "
+#| "such as Debian GNU/Linux and Red Hat “Linux”. Free software "
+#| "has developed such practical advantages that users are flocking to it for "
+#| "purely practical reasons."
msgid ""
"Estimates today are that there are ten million users of GNU/Linux systems "
-"such as Debian GNU/Linux and Red Hat “Linux”. Free software has "
+"such as Debian GNU/Linux and Red Hat “Linux.” Free software has "
"developed such practical advantages that users are flocking to it for purely "
"practical reasons."
msgstr ""
@@ -2084,7 +2312,7 @@
"programinÄ Ä¯ranga iÅ¡vystÄ tokius praktinius privalumus, kad naudotojai
prie "
"jos buriuojasi grynai dÄl praktinių priežasÄių."
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"The good consequences of this are evident: more interest in developing free "
"software, more customers for free software businesses, and more ability to "
@@ -2096,7 +2324,7 @@
"verslams ir didesnÄ galimybÄ kompanijas paskatinti vystyti komercinÄ
laisvÄ
"
"programinÄ Ä¯rangÄ
, vietoje nuosavybinÄs programinÄs įrangos produktų."
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"But interest in the software is growing faster than awareness of the "
"philosophy it is based on, and this leads to trouble. Our ability to meet "
@@ -2111,7 +2339,7 @@
"Å¡iÄ
valiÄ
turi, mums reikia skleisti tÄ
idÄjÄ
naujiems naudotojams, kai
jie "
"ateina į Å¡iÄ
bendruomenÄ."
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"But we are failing to do so: the efforts to attract new users into our "
"community are far outstripping the efforts to teach them the civics of our "
@@ -2123,11 +2351,11 @@
"socialumo. Mums reikia daryti abi ir mums reikia išlaikyti šias dvi "
"pastangas subalansuotas."
-#. type: Content of: <h3>
+#. type: Content of: <div><h3>
msgid "“Open Source”"
msgstr "„Atviras Å¡altinis“"
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"Teaching new users about freedom became more difficult in 1998, when a part "
"of the community decided to stop using the term “free software” "
@@ -2138,7 +2366,7 @@
"įranga“ ir vietoje jo sakyti „atviro Å¡altinio programinÄ "
"įranga“."
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"Some who favored this term aimed to avoid the confusion of “"
"free” with “gratis”—a valid goal. Others, however, "
@@ -2159,7 +2387,7 @@
"potencialÄ
padaryti aukÅ¡tos kokybÄs, galingÄ
programinÄ Ä¯rangÄ
, bet "
"atsikrato laisvÄs, bendruomenÄs ir principo idÄjų."
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"The “Linux” magazines are a clear example of this—they are "
"filled with advertisements for proprietary software that works with GNU/"
@@ -2171,7 +2399,7 @@
"reklamų. Kai atsiras kitas Motif arba Qt, ar šie žurnalai programuotojus "
"įspÄs likti jo nuoÅ¡alyje, ar jie rodys jo reklamas?"
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"The support of business can contribute to the community in many ways; all "
"else being equal, it is useful. But winning their support by speaking even "
@@ -2183,12 +2411,24 @@
"apie laisvÄ ir principÄ
gali būti katastrofiškas; jis ankstesnį "
"iÅ¡sibalansavimÄ
tarp siekio ir socialumo Å¡vietimo padaro dar blogesniu."
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
+# | “Free software” and “open source” describe the
+# | same category of software, more or less, but say different things about
+# | the software, and about values. The GNU Project continues to use the term
+# | “free [-software”,-] {+software,”+} to express the idea
+# | that freedom, not just technology, is important.
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "“Free software” and “open source” describe the "
+#| "same category of software, more or less, but say different things about "
+#| "the software, and about values. The GNU Project continues to use the "
+#| "term “free software”, to express the idea that freedom, not "
+#| "just technology, is important."
msgid ""
"“Free software” and “open source” describe the same "
"category of software, more or less, but say different things about the "
"software, and about values. The GNU Project continues to use the term "
-"“free software”, to express the idea that freedom, not just "
+"“free software,” to express the idea that freedom, not just "
"technology, is important."
msgstr ""
"„Laisva programinÄ Ä¯ranga“ ir „atviras Å¡altinis“ "
@@ -2197,11 +2437,11 @@
"projektas tÄsia termino „laisva programinÄ Ä¯ranga“ naudojimÄ
"
"iÅ¡reikÅ¡ti idÄjai, kad laisvÄ, ne tik technologija, yra svarbi."
-#. type: Content of: <h3>
+#. type: Content of: <div><h3>
msgid "Try!"
msgstr "Pabandykite!"
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"Yoda's aphorism (“There is no ‘try’”) sounds neat, "
"but it doesn't work for me. I have done most of my work while anxious about "
@@ -2217,7 +2457,7 @@
"priešo ir mano miesto nebuvo nei vieno išskyrus mane. Nustebinant save, "
"kartais man pavykdavo."
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"Sometimes I failed; some of my cities have fallen. Then I found another "
"threatened city, and got ready for another battle. Over time, I've learned "
@@ -2229,7 +2469,7 @@
"aš išmokau ieškoti pavojų ir pastatyti save tarp jų ir mano miesto, "
"kviesdamas kitus hakerius ateiti ir prie manÄs prisijungti."
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"Nowadays, often I'm not the only one. It is a relief and a joy when I see a "
"regiment of hackers digging in to hold the line, and I realize, this city "
@@ -2246,6 +2486,238 @@
"Nelaikykite jos užtikrinta! Jei jÅ«s norite iÅ¡laikyti savo laisvÄ, jÅ«s "
"privalote bÅ«ti pasiruoÅ¡Ä jÄ
apginti."
+#. type: Content of: <div><h3>
+# || No change detected. The change might only be in amounts of spaces.
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid "Footnotes"
+msgid "Footnotes"
+msgstr "Pastabos"
+
+#. type: Content of: <div><ol><li>
+# | [-(1)-]The use of “hacker” to mean “security
+# | breaker” is a confusion on the part of the mass media. We hackers
+# | refuse to recognize that meaning, and continue using the word to mean
+# | someone who loves to program, someone who enjoys playful cleverness, or
+# | the combination of the two. See my article, [-<a
+# | href=\"http://stallman.org/articles/on-hacking.html\";>On Hacking</a>.-]
+# | {+“<a href=\"https://stallman.org/articles/on-hacking.html\";>On
+# | Hacking</a>.”+}
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "(1) The use of “hacker” to mean “security "
+#| "breaker” is a confusion on the part of the mass media. We hackers "
+#| "refuse to recognize that meaning, and continue using the word to mean "
+#| "someone who loves to program, someone who enjoys playful cleverness, or "
+#| "the combination of the two. See my article, <a href=\"http://stallman.";
+#| "org/articles/on-hacking.html\">On Hacking</a>."
+msgid ""
+"The use of “hacker” to mean “security breaker” is a "
+"confusion on the part of the mass media. We hackers refuse to recognize "
+"that meaning, and continue using the word to mean someone who loves to "
+"program, someone who enjoys playful cleverness, or the combination of the "
+"two. See my article, “<a href=\"https://stallman.org/articles/on-";
+"hacking.html\">On Hacking</a>.”"
+msgstr ""
+"(1) „Hakeris“ naudojimas su reikÅ¡me „saugumo "
+"laužytojas“ yra masinÄs žiniasklaidos sumaiÅ¡tis. Mes, hakeriai, "
+"atsisakome tÄ
reikÅ¡mÄ pripažinti ir tÄsiame Å¡io žodžio naudojimÄ
su
reikšme "
+"kas nors, kuris mÄgsta programuoti, kuris džiaugiasi žaismingu gudrumu
arba "
+"šių dviejų kombinacija. Pamatykite mano straipsnį <a
href=\"http://stallman.";
+"org/articles/on-hacking.html\">Apie kapojimÄ
</a>."
+
+#. type: Content of: <div><ol><li>
+# | [-(1)-]As an Atheist, I don't follow any religious leaders, but I
+# | sometimes find I admire something one of them has said.
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "(1) As an Atheist, I don't follow any religious leaders, but I sometimes "
+#| "find I admire something one of them has said."
+msgid ""
+"As an Atheist, I don't follow any religious leaders, but I sometimes find I "
+"admire something one of them has said."
+msgstr ""
+"(1) Kaip ateistas, aš jokių religinių lyderių neseku, bet aš kartais "
+"pastebiu, kad aÅ¡ geriuosi kai kuo, kÄ
vienas iÅ¡ jų pasakÄ."
+
+#. type: Content of: <div><ol><li>
+# | [-(1)-]In 1984 or 1985, Don Hopkins (a very imaginative fellow) mailed me
+# | a letter. [-On-] {+<a href=\"/graphics/copyleft-sticker.html\">On+} the
+# | [-envelope-] {+envelope</a>+} he had written several amusing sayings,
+# | including this one: “Copyleft—all rights reversed.” I
+# | used the word “copyleft” to name the distribution concept I
+# | was developing at the time.
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "(1) In 1984 or 1985, Don Hopkins (a very imaginative fellow) mailed me a "
+#| "letter. On the envelope he had written several amusing sayings, "
+#| "including this one: “Copyleft—all rights reversed.” I "
+#| "used the word “copyleft” to name the distribution concept I "
+#| "was developing at the time."
+msgid ""
+"In 1984 or 1985, Don Hopkins (a very imaginative fellow) mailed me a "
+"letter. <a href=\"/graphics/copyleft-sticker.html\">On the envelope</a> he "
+"had written several amusing sayings, including this one: “"
+"Copyleft—all rights reversed.” I used the word “"
+"copyleft” to name the distribution concept I was developing at the "
+"time."
+msgstr ""
+"(1) 1984 m. ar 1985 m., Don Hopkins (labai kÅ«rybiÅ¡kas biÄiulis) "
+"paÅ¡tu man atsiuntÄ laiÅ¡kÄ
. Ant voko jis užraÅ¡Ä keletÄ
linksmų
posakių, "
+"įskaitant šį: „Copyleft – visos teisÄs iÅ¡virkÅ¡Äios.“
AÅ¡ "
+"panaudojau žodį „copyleft“ pavadinti platinimo koncepcijÄ
,
kuriÄ
"
+"tuo metu vysÄiau."
+
+#. type: Content of: <div><ol><li>
+# | [-(2)-]We now use the <a href=\"/licenses/fdl.html\">GNU Free
+# | Documentation License</a> for documentation.
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "(2) We now use the <a href=\"/licenses/fdl.html\">GNU Free Documentation "
+#| "License</a> for documentation."
+msgid ""
+"We now use the <a href=\"/licenses/fdl.html\">GNU Free Documentation "
+"License</a> for documentation."
+msgstr ""
+"(2) Mes dabar dokumentacijai naudojame <a href=\"/licenses/fdl.html\">GNU "
+"laisvos dokumentacijos licencijÄ
</a>."
+
+#. type: Content of: <div><ol><li>
+# | [-(1)-]“Bourne Again Shell” is a play on the name
+# | “Bourne [-Shell”,-] {+Shell,”+} which was the usual
+# | shell on Unix.
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "(1) “Bourne Again Shell” is a play on the name “Bourne "
+#| "Shell”, which was the usual shell on Unix."
+msgid ""
+"“Bourne Again Shell” is a play on the name “Bourne Shell,"
+"” which was the usual shell on Unix."
+msgstr ""
+"(1) „Bourne Again Shell“ yra žodžių žaismas pavadinimu
„"
+"Bourne Shell“, kuris buvo įprastinis Unix kiautas."
+
+#. type: Content of: <div><ol><li>
+# | [-(1)-]That was written in 1998. In 2009 we no longer maintain a long
+# | task list. The community develops free software so fast that we can't
+# | even keep track of it all. Instead, we have a list of High Priority
+# | Projects, a much shorter list of projects we really want to encourage
+# | people to write.
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "(1) That was written in 1998. In 2009 we no longer maintain a long task "
+#| "list. The community develops free software so fast that we can't even "
+#| "keep track of it all. Instead, we have a list of High Priority Projects, "
+#| "a much shorter list of projects we really want to encourage people to "
+#| "write."
+msgid ""
+"That was written in 1998. In 2009 we no longer maintain a long task list. "
+"The community develops free software so fast that we can't even keep track "
+"of it all. Instead, we have a list of High Priority Projects, a much "
+"shorter list of projects we really want to encourage people to write."
+msgstr ""
+"(1) Anie buvo parašyti 1998 m. 2009 m. mes daugiau nepalaikome "
+"ilgo užduoÄių sÄ
raÅ¡o. BendruomenÄ vysto laisvÄ
programinÄ Ä¯rangÄ
taip "
+"greitai, kad mes net negalime visos jos stebÄti. Vietoje to, mes turime "
+"AukÅ¡to prioriteto projektų sÄ
raÅ¡Ä
– daug trumpesnis projektų,
kuriuos "
+"mes tikrai norime paskatinti žmones paraÅ¡yti, sÄ
rašas."
+
+#. type: Content of: <div><ol><li>
+# | [-(1)-]This license is now called the GNU Lesser General Public License,
+# | to avoid giving the idea that all libraries ought to use it. See <a
+# | href=\"/philosophy/why-not-lgpl.html\">Why you shouldn't use the Lesser
+# | GPL for your next library</a> for more information.
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "(1) This license is now called the GNU Lesser General Public License, to "
+#| "avoid giving the idea that all libraries ought to use it. See <a href=\"/"
+#| "philosophy/why-not-lgpl.html\">Why you shouldn't use the Lesser GPL for "
+#| "your next library</a> for more information."
+msgid ""
+"This license is now called the GNU Lesser General Public License, to avoid "
+"giving the idea that all libraries ought to use it. See <a href=\"/"
+"philosophy/why-not-lgpl.html\">Why you shouldn't use the Lesser GPL for your "
+"next library</a> for more information."
+msgstr ""
+"(1) Ši licencija dabar pavadinta GNU mažiau bendroji viešoji licencija,
jog "
+"iÅ¡vengti suteikti idÄjÄ
, kad visos bibliotekos turi jÄ
naudoti.
Pamatykite "
+"daugiau informacijos <a href=\"/philosophy/why-not-lgpl.html\">KodÄl jÅ«s "
+"savo kitai bibliotekai neturÄtumÄte naudoti Mažiau GPL</a>."
+
+#. type: Content of: <div><ol><li>
+# | [-(-]2008 note: this issue extends to the BIOS as well. There is a free
+# | BIOS, <a [-href=\"http://www.libreboot.org/\";>LibreBoot</a>-]
+# | {+href=\"https://libreboot.org/\";>LibreBoot</a>+} (a distribution of
+# | coreboot); the problem is getting specs for machines so that LibreBoot can
+# | support them without nonfree [-“blobs”.)-]
+# | {+“blobs.”+}
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "(2008 note: this issue extends to the BIOS as well. There is a free "
+#| "BIOS, <a href=\"http://www.libreboot.org/\";>LibreBoot</a> (a distribution "
+#| "of coreboot); the problem is getting specs for machines so that LibreBoot "
+#| "can support them without nonfree “blobs”.)"
+msgid ""
+"2008 note: this issue extends to the BIOS as well. There is a free BIOS, <a "
+"href=\"https://libreboot.org/\";>LibreBoot</a> (a distribution of coreboot); "
+"the problem is getting specs for machines so that LibreBoot can support them "
+"without nonfree “blobs.”"
+msgstr ""
+"(2008 m. pastaba: Å¡i problema apima BIOS taip pat. Yra laisva BIOS "
+"– <a href=\"http://www.libreboot.org/\";>LibreBoot</a> (coreboot "
+"distribucija); problema yra specifikacijų mašinoms gavimas taip, kad "
+"LibreBoot galÄtų jas palaikyti be nelaisvų „blobs“<sup><a
href="
+"\"#TransNote2\">2</a></sup>.)"
+
+#. type: Content of: <div><ol><li>
+# | [-[Subsequent note: in-]{+In+} September 2000, Qt was rereleased under the
+# | GNU GPL, which essentially solved this problem.[-]-]
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "[Subsequent note: in September 2000, Qt was rereleased under the GNU GPL, "
+#| "which essentially solved this problem.]"
+msgid ""
+"In September 2000, Qt was rereleased under the GNU GPL, which essentially "
+"solved this problem."
+msgstr ""
+"[VÄlesnÄ pastaba: 2000 m. rugsÄjį, Qt buvo iÅ¡leista pagal GNU GPL,
kas "
+"iÅ¡ esmÄs Å¡iÄ
problemÄ
iÅ¡sprendÄ.]"
+
+#. type: Content of: <div><ol><li>
+msgid "As of 2009, the GIF patents have expired."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <div><ol><li>
+msgid ""
+"As of 2017, the MP3 patents have expired. Look how long we had to wait."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <div><div><p>
+# | Originally published in the book [-<em>Open Sources</em>.-] {+<cite>Open
+# | Sources</cite>.+} Richard Stallman was <a
+# | href=\"/philosophy/open-source-misses-the-point.html\"> never a supporter
+# | of “open source”</a>, but contributed this article so that the
+# | ideas of the free software movement would not be entirely absent from that
+# | book.
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "Originally published in the book <em>Open Sources</em>. Richard Stallman "
+#| "was <a href=\"/philosophy/open-source-misses-the-point.html\"> never a "
+#| "supporter of “open source”</a>, but contributed this article "
+#| "so that the ideas of the free software movement would not be entirely "
+#| "absent from that book."
+msgid ""
+"Originally published in the book <cite>Open Sources</cite>. Richard "
+"Stallman was <a href=\"/philosophy/open-source-misses-the-point.html\"> "
+"never a supporter of “open source”</a>, but contributed this "
+"article so that the ideas of the free software movement would not be "
+"entirely absent from that book."
+msgstr ""
+"Pirmiausia publikuota knygoje <em>Open Sources</em>. Richard Stallman <a "
+"href=\"/philosophy/open-source-misses-the-point.html\">niekada nepalaikÄ "
+"„atviro Å¡altinio“</a>, bet prisidÄjo Å¡iuo straipsniu, kad "
+"laisvos programinÄs įrangos judÄjimo idÄjos nebÅ«tų visiÅ¡kai paliktos "
+"nuošalyje tos knygos."
+
#. TRANSLATORS: Use space (SPC) as msgstr if you don't have notes.
#. type: Content of: <div>
msgid "*GNUN-SLOT: TRANSLATOR'S NOTES*"
@@ -2273,6 +2745,7 @@
"pasiūlymai gali būti atsiųsti į <a
href=\"mailto:webmasters@gnu.org\";><"
"webmasters@gnu.org></a>."
+# TODO: submitting -> contributing.
#. TRANSLATORS: Ignore the original text in this paragraph,
#. replace it with the translation of these two:
#. We work hard and do our best to provide accurate, good quality
@@ -2280,14 +2753,20 @@
#. Please send your comments and general suggestions in this regard
#. to <a href="mailto:web-translators@gnu.org";>
#. <web-translators@gnu.org></a>.</p>
-#. <p>For information on coordinating and submitting translations of
+#. <p>For information on coordinating and contributing translations of
#. our web pages, see <a
#. href="/server/standards/README.translations.html">Translations
#. README</a>.
#. type: Content of: <div><div><p>
+# || No change detected. The change might only be in amounts of spaces.
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "Please see the <a href=\"/server/standards/README.translations.html"
+#| "\">Translations README</a> for information on coordinating and "
+#| "contributing translations of this article."
msgid ""
"Please see the <a href=\"/server/standards/README.translations.html"
-"\">Translations README</a> for information on coordinating and submitting "
+"\">Translations README</a> for information on coordinating and contributing "
"translations of this article."
msgstr ""
"Mes dirbame sunkiai ir labai stengiamÄs, kad pateiktume tikslius, geros "
@@ -2299,15 +2778,15 @@
"PERSKAITYKITEMANE</a>."
#. type: Content of: <div><p>
-# | Copyright © 1998, 2001, 2002, 2005, 2006, 2007, 2008, 2010, 2014,
-# | [-2015-] {+2015, 2017, 2018, 2020+} Richard Stallman
+# | Copyright © 1998, [-2001, 2002,-] 2005, [-2006, 2007,-] 2008, 2010,
+# | [-2014, 2015-] {+2012, 2015, 2017, 2018, 2021+} Richard Stallman
#, fuzzy
#| msgid ""
#| "Copyright © 1998, 2001, 2002, 2005, 2006, 2007, 2008, 2010, 2014, "
#| "2015 Richard Stallman"
msgid ""
-"Copyright © 1998, 2001, 2002, 2005, 2006, 2007, 2008, 2010, 2014, 2015, "
-"2017, 2018, 2020 Richard Stallman"
+"Copyright © 1998, 2005, 2008, 2010, 2012, 2015, 2017, 2018, 2021 "
+"Richard Stallman"
msgstr ""
"Copyright © 1998, 2001, 2002, 2005, 2006, 2007, 2008, 2010, 2014, 2015 "
"Richard Stallman"
@@ -2331,3 +2810,24 @@
#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid "Updated:"
msgstr "Atnaujinta:"
+
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "by <a href=\"http://www.stallman.org/\";><strong>Richard Stallman</"
+#~ "strong></a>"
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "pagal <a href=\"http://www.stallman.org/\";><strong>Richard Stallman</"
+#~ "strong></a>"
+
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "Please see the <a href=\"/server/standards/README.translations.html"
+#~ "\">Translations README</a> for information on coordinating and submitting "
+#~ "translations of this article."
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "Mes dirbame sunkiai ir labai stengiamÄs, kad pateiktume tikslius, geros "
+#~ "kokybÄs vertimus. TaÄiau mes nesame iÅ¡imtys netobulumui. PraÅ¡ome "
+#~ "siųskite savo komentarus ir bendrus pasiūlymus šia prasme į <a href="
+#~ "\"mailto:web-translators@gnu.org\";><web-translators@gnu.org></a>.</"
+#~ "p>\n"
+#~ "<p>MÅ«sų tinklapių vertimų koordinavimo ir pateikimo informacijÄ
"
+#~ "pamatykite <a href=\"/server/standards/README.translations.html\">Vertimų
"
+#~ "PERSKAITYKITEMANE</a>."
Index: thegnuproject.ml.po
===================================================================
RCS file: /web/www/www/gnu/po/thegnuproject.ml.po,v
retrieving revision 1.5
retrieving revision 1.6
diff -u -b -r1.5 -r1.6
--- thegnuproject.ml.po 24 Oct 2021 07:25:24 -0000 1.5
+++ thegnuproject.ml.po 24 Oct 2021 07:31:38 -0000 1.6
@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@
msgid ""
msgstr ""
"Project-Id-Version: thegnuproject.html\n"
-"POT-Creation-Date: 2020-07-12 02:25+0000\n"
+"POT-Creation-Date: 2021-10-24 07:25+0000\n"
"PO-Revision-Date: 2021-06-01 17:19+0200\n"
"Last-Translator: Aiswarya Kaitheri Kandoth <aiswaryakk29@gmail.com>\n"
"Language-Team: Malayalam <www-ml-gnu-malayalam-project-public@gnu.org>\n"
@@ -14,6 +14,7 @@
"MIME-Version: 1.0\n"
"Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8\n"
"Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit\n"
+"X-Outdated-Since: 2021-10-24 07:25+0000\n"
"Plural-Forms: nplurals=2; plural=n != 1;\n"
"X-Generator: Lokalize 20.12.0\n"
@@ -26,44 +27,23 @@
msgstr ""
"à´àµà´¨àµ, à´àµà´¨àµ à´¸à´à´°à´à´à´, à´à´«àµà´à´¸àµà´à´«àµ,
à´¸àµà´µà´¤à´¨àµà´¤àµà´° à´¸àµà´«àµà´±àµà´±àµâà´µàµà´¯àµ¼,
à´¸àµà´µà´¤à´¨àµà´¤àµà´° à´¸àµà´«àµà´±àµà´±àµâà´µàµà´¯àµ¼
à´ªàµà´°à´¸àµà´¥à´¾à´¨à´, à´à´°à´¿à´¤àµà´°à´"
-#. type: Content of: <h2>
+#. type: Content of: <div><h2>
msgid "The GNU Project"
msgstr "à´àµà´¨àµ à´¸à´à´°à´à´à´"
-#. type: Content of: <p>
-msgid ""
-"by <a href=\"http://www.stallman.org/\";><strong>Richard Stallman</strong></a>"
-msgstr ""
-"<a href=\"http://www.stallman.org/\";><strong>റിà´àµà´à´¾àµ¼à´¡àµ
à´¸àµà´±àµà´±à´¾àµ¾à´®à´¾àµ»</strong></a> "
-"à´à´´àµà´¤à´¿à´¯à´¤àµàµ"
-
-#. type: Content of: <blockquote><p>
-msgid ""
-"Originally published in the book <em>Open Sources</em>. Richard Stallman "
-"was <a href=\"/philosophy/open-source-misses-the-point.html\"> never a "
-"supporter of “open source”</a>, but contributed this article so "
-"that the ideas of the free software movement would not be entirely absent "
-"from that book."
-msgstr ""
-"<em>à´à´ªàµà´ªàµº à´¸àµà´´àµà´¸à´¸àµ</em> à´à´¨àµà´¨
à´ªàµà´¸àµà´¤à´à´¤àµà´¤à´¿àµ½ à´à´¦àµà´¯à´®à´¾à´¯à´¿
à´ªàµà´°à´¸à´¿à´¦àµà´§àµà´à´°à´¿à´àµà´à´¤àµàµ.
റിà´àµà´à´¾àµ¼à´¡àµ à´¸àµà´±àµà´±à´¾àµ¾à´®à´¾àµ» <a "
-"href=\"/philosophy/open-source-misses-the-point.html\">
à´à´°à´¿à´àµà´à´²àµà´ “à´à´ªàµà´ªàµº "
-"à´¸àµà´´àµà´¸à´¿”à´¨àµ
പിനàµà´¤àµà´£à´àµà´à´¿à´àµà´à´¿à´²àµà´²</a>, à´à´¨àµà´¨à´¾àµ½
à´¸àµà´µà´¤à´¨àµà´¤àµà´° à´¸àµà´«àµà´±àµà´±àµâà´µàµà´¯àµ¼
à´ªàµà´°à´¸àµà´¥à´¾à´¨à´¤àµà´¤à´¿à´¨àµà´±àµ à´à´¶à´¯à´àµà´àµ¾ "
-"à´ à´ªàµà´¸àµà´¤à´à´¤àµà´¤à´¿àµ½ à´ªàµàµ¼à´£à´®à´¾à´¯àµà´
à´à´²àµà´²à´¾à´¤à´¾à´µàµà´¨àµà´¨à´¤àµàµ
à´à´´à´¿à´µà´¾à´àµà´à´¾à´¨à´¾à´£àµàµ à´ à´²àµà´à´¨à´
à´¸à´à´à´¾à´µà´¨ à´àµà´¯àµà´¤à´¤àµàµ."
+# type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><address>
+# | by <a href=\"http{+s+}://www.stallman.org/\">Richard Stallman</a>
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid "by <a href=\"http://www.stallman.org/\";>Richard Stallman</a>"
+msgid "by <a href=\"https://www.stallman.org/\";>Richard Stallman</a>"
+msgstr "à´à´´àµà´¤à´¿à´¯à´¤àµàµ <a
href=\"http://www.stallman.org/\";>റിà´àµà´à´¾à´°àµâà´¡àµ
à´¸àµà´±àµà´±à´¾à´³àµâമാനàµâ</a>"
-#. type: Content of: <blockquote><p>
-msgid ""
-"Why it is even more important than ever <a href=\"/philosophy/free-software-"
-"even-more-important.html\">to insist that the software we use be free</a>."
-msgstr ""
-"<a
href=\"/philosophy/free-software-even-more-important.html\">നമàµà´®àµ¾ "
-"à´à´ªà´¯àµà´à´¿à´àµà´àµà´¨àµà´¨
à´¸àµà´«àµà´±àµà´±àµâà´µàµà´¯âർ
à´¸àµà´µà´¤à´¨àµà´¤àµà´°à´®à´¾à´¯à´¿à´°à´¿à´àµà´à´£à´®àµà´¨àµà´¨àµàµ
നിർബനàµà´§à´¿à´àµà´àµà´£àµà´à´¤àµàµ</a>
à´à´¨àµà´¨à´¤àµà´¤àµà´àµà´à´¾à´³àµà´ "
-"à´ªàµà´°à´¾à´§à´¾à´¨àµà´¯à´®àµ¼à´¹à´¿à´àµà´àµà´¨àµà´¨à´¤àµàµ
à´à´¨àµà´¤àµà´àµà´£àµà´àµàµ."
-
-#. type: Content of: <h3>
+#. type: Content of: <div><h3>
msgid "The first software-sharing community"
msgstr "à´à´¦àµà´¯
à´¸àµà´«àµà´±àµà´±àµâà´µàµà´¯àµ¼-à´ªà´àµà´à´¿à´àµ½
à´àµà´àµà´à´¾à´¯àµà´®"
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"When I started working at the <abbr title=\"Massachusetts Institute of "
"Technology\">MIT</abbr> Artificial Intelligence Lab in 1971, I became part "
@@ -79,15 +59,32 @@
"à´ªà´àµà´àµà´µàµà´àµà´àµà´¨àµà´¨à´¤àµàµ പാà´à´à´
à´àµà´¯àµà´¯àµà´¨àµà´¨à´¤à´¿à´¨àµà´³à´
പഴà´àµà´à´®àµà´³àµà´³à´¤à´¾à´£àµàµ à´à´¨àµà´¨à´¤àµà´ªàµà´²àµ
തനàµà´¨àµ, à´
à´¤àµàµ à´à´à´ªàµà´¯àµà´àµà´à´±à´¿à´¨àµà´³à´ "
"പഴà´àµà´à´®àµà´³àµà´³à´¤à´¾à´£àµàµ. à´ªà´àµà´·àµ
à´à´àµà´àµ¾ മിà´àµà´ à´à´³àµà´à´³àµà´àµà´à´¾à´³àµà´
à´àµà´àµà´¤àµ½ à´
തൠà´àµà´¯àµà´¤à´¿à´°àµà´¨àµà´¨àµ."
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
+# | The AI Lab used a timesharing operating system called <abbr
+# | title=\"Incompatible Timesharing System\">ITS</abbr> (the Incompatible
+# | Timesharing System) that the lab's staff [-hackers (1)-]
+# | {+hackers <a href=\"#ft1\">[1]</a>+} had designed and written in
+# | assembler language for the Digital <abbr title=\"Programmed Data
+# | Processor\">PDP</abbr>-10, one of the large computers of the era. As a
+# | member of this community, an AI Lab staff system hacker, my job was to
+# | improve this system.
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "The AI Lab used a timesharing operating system called <abbr title="
+#| "\"Incompatible Timesharing System\">ITS</abbr> (the Incompatible "
+#| "Timesharing System) that the lab's staff hackers (1) had designed and "
+#| "written in assembler language for the Digital <abbr title=\"Programmed "
+#| "Data Processor\">PDP</abbr>-10, one of the large computers of the era. "
+#| "As a member of this community, an AI Lab staff system hacker, my job was "
+#| "to improve this system."
msgid ""
"The AI Lab used a timesharing operating system called <abbr title="
"\"Incompatible Timesharing System\">ITS</abbr> (the Incompatible Timesharing "
-"System) that the lab's staff hackers (1) had designed and written in "
-"assembler language for the Digital <abbr title=\"Programmed Data Processor"
-"\">PDP</abbr>-10, one of the large computers of the era. As a member of "
-"this community, an AI Lab staff system hacker, my job was to improve this "
-"system."
+"System) that the lab's staff hackers <a href=\"#ft1\">[1]</a> had "
+"designed and written in assembler language for the Digital <abbr title="
+"\"Programmed Data Processor\">PDP</abbr>-10, one of the large computers of "
+"the era. As a member of this community, an AI Lab staff system hacker, my "
+"job was to improve this system."
msgstr ""
"à´à´ ലാബിൽ à´à´ªà´¯àµà´à´¿à´àµà´à´¿à´°àµà´¨àµà´¨à´¤àµ
à´ à´à´¾à´²à´à´àµà´à´¤àµà´¤à´¿à´²àµ à´à´±àµà´±à´µàµà´ വലിയ
à´à´®àµà´ªàµà´¯àµà´àµà´à´±àµà´à´³à´¿àµ½ à´à´¨àµà´¨à´¾à´¯
à´¡à´¿à´à´¿à´±àµà´±àµ½ "
"<abbr title=\"Programmed Data Processor\">പിഡിപി</abbr>-10 à´¨àµ
à´µàµà´£àµà´à´¿ à´
വിà´àµà´¤àµà´¤àµ "
@@ -97,9 +94,24 @@
"നിലയിലàµà´ à´à´°àµ à´à´ ലാബàµ
സിസàµà´±àµà´±à´ ഹാà´àµà´àµ¼ à´à´¦àµà´¯àµà´à´¸àµà´¥àµ»
à´à´¨àµà´¨ നിലയിലàµà´, à´à´¨àµà´±àµ à´àµà´²à´¿ à´
സിസàµà´±àµà´±à´ "
"à´®àµà´àµà´à´ªàµà´ªàµà´àµà´¤àµà´¤àµà´
à´à´¨àµà´¨à´¤à´¾à´¯à´¿à´°àµà´¨àµà´¨àµ."
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
+# | We did not call our software “free [-software”,-]
+# | {+software,”+} because that term did not yet exist; but that is what
+# | it was. Whenever people from another university or a company wanted to
+# | port and use a program, we gladly let them. If you saw someone using an
+# | unfamiliar and interesting program, you could always ask to see the source
+# | code, so that you could read it, change it, or cannibalize parts of it to
+# | make a new program.
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "We did not call our software “free software”, because that "
+#| "term did not yet exist; but that is what it was. Whenever people from "
+#| "another university or a company wanted to port and use a program, we "
+#| "gladly let them. If you saw someone using an unfamiliar and interesting "
+#| "program, you could always ask to see the source code, so that you could "
+#| "read it, change it, or cannibalize parts of it to make a new program."
msgid ""
-"We did not call our software “free software”, because that term "
+"We did not call our software “free software,” because that term "
"did not yet exist; but that is what it was. Whenever people from another "
"university or a company wanted to port and use a program, we gladly let "
"them. If you saw someone using an unfamiliar and interesting program, you "
@@ -115,27 +127,20 @@
"à´
à´²àµà´²àµà´àµà´à´¿àµ½ à´
തിനàµà´±àµ à´à´¿à´²
à´à´¾à´à´àµà´àµ¾ à´ªàµà´¨à´°àµà´ªà´¯àµà´à´¿à´àµà´àµàµ à´à´°àµ
à´ªàµà´¤à´¿à´¯ à´ªàµà´°àµà´àµà´°à´¾à´
à´à´£àµà´à´¾à´àµà´àµà´µà´¾à´¨àµà´ "
"സാധിà´àµà´àµà´®à´¾à´¯à´¿à´°àµà´¨àµà´¨àµ."
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><div><p>
msgid ""
-"(1) The use of “hacker” to mean “security breaker” "
-"is a confusion on the part of the mass media. We hackers refuse to "
-"recognize that meaning, and continue using the word to mean someone who "
-"loves to program, someone who enjoys playful cleverness, or the combination "
-"of the two. See my article, <a href=\"http://stallman.org/articles/on-";
-"hacking.html\">On Hacking</a>."
+"Why it is even more important than ever <a href=\"/philosophy/free-software-"
+"even-more-important.html\">to insist that the software we use be free</a>."
msgstr ""
-"(1) “ഹാà´àµà´àµ¼” à´à´¨àµà´¨ വാà´àµà´àµàµ
“à´¸àµà´°à´àµà´· à´àµà´¦à´àµ»” à´à´¨àµà´¨ à´
ർതàµà´¥à´¤àµà´¤à´¿àµ½ "
-"à´à´ªà´¯àµà´à´¿à´àµà´àµà´¨àµà´¨à´¤àµàµ
ബഹàµà´à´¨à´®à´¾à´§àµà´¯à´®à´àµà´à´³àµà´àµ
à´à´¾à´à´¤àµà´¤àµà´£àµà´à´¾à´¯à´¿à´àµà´àµà´³àµà´³
à´à´¶à´¯à´àµà´àµà´´à´ªàµà´ªà´®à´¾à´£àµàµ. à´à´àµà´àµ¾
ഹാà´àµà´àµ¼à´®à´¾àµ¼ à´ "
-"à´
ർതàµà´¥à´¤àµà´¤àµ à´
à´à´àµà´à´°à´¿à´àµà´àµà´¨àµà´¨à´¿à´²àµà´²,
മാതàµà´°à´®à´²àµà´² à´ªàµà´°àµà´àµà´°à´¾à´
à´àµà´¯àµà´¯à´¾à´¨à´¿à´·àµà´à´ªàµà´ªàµà´àµà´¨àµà´¨,
à´à´³à´¿à´¯à´¾à´¯à´¿à´àµà´àµà´³àµà´³ "
-"സാമർതàµà´¥àµà´¯à´¤àµà´¤àµ
à´à´¸àµà´µà´¦à´¿à´àµà´àµà´¨àµà´¨, à´
à´²àµà´²àµà´àµà´à´¿àµ½ à´à´µ
à´°à´£àµà´àµà´ à´àµà´à´¿à´¯àµà´³àµà´³ à´à´°à´¾àµ¾
à´à´¨àµà´¨àµ¼à´¤àµà´¥à´®à´¾à´àµà´àµà´¨àµà´¨ തരതàµà´¤à´¿àµ½ à´ "
-"വാà´àµà´àµà´ªà´¯àµà´à´¿à´àµà´àµà´¨àµà´¨à´¤àµàµ
à´¤àµà´à´°àµà´à´¯àµà´ à´àµà´¯àµà´¯àµà´¨àµà´¨àµ. <a
href=\"http://stallman.org/articles/on-";
-"hacking.html\">ഹാà´àµà´à´¿à´àµà´à´¿à´¨àµ
à´àµà´±à´¿à´àµà´àµà´³àµà´³</a> à´à´¨àµà´±àµ à´²àµà´à´¨à´
à´à´¾à´£àµà´."
+"<a
href=\"/philosophy/free-software-even-more-important.html\">നമàµà´®àµ¾ "
+"à´à´ªà´¯àµà´à´¿à´àµà´àµà´¨àµà´¨
à´¸àµà´«àµà´±àµà´±àµâà´µàµà´¯âർ
à´¸àµà´µà´¤à´¨àµà´¤àµà´°à´®à´¾à´¯à´¿à´°à´¿à´àµà´à´£à´®àµà´¨àµà´¨àµàµ
നിർബനàµà´§à´¿à´àµà´àµà´£àµà´à´¤àµàµ</a>
à´à´¨àµà´¨à´¤àµà´¤àµà´àµà´à´¾à´³àµà´ "
+"à´ªàµà´°à´¾à´§à´¾à´¨àµà´¯à´®àµ¼à´¹à´¿à´àµà´àµà´¨àµà´¨à´¤àµàµ
à´à´¨àµà´¤àµà´àµà´£àµà´àµàµ."
-#. type: Content of: <h3>
+#. type: Content of: <div><h3>
msgid "The collapse of the community"
msgstr "à´àµà´àµà´à´¾à´¯àµà´®à´¯àµà´àµ à´¤à´àµ¼à´àµà´"
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"The situation changed drastically in the early 1980s when Digital "
"discontinued the PDP-10 series. Its architecture, elegant and powerful in "
@@ -149,15 +154,32 @@
"à´à´´à´¿à´àµà´à´¿à´°àµà´¨àµà´¨à´¿à´²àµà´². à´
തായതàµàµ
à´à´à´¿à´à´¸àµ-ൽ à´
à´à´àµà´à´¿à´¯à´¿à´°àµà´¨àµà´¨
à´à´à´¦àµà´¶à´ à´à´²àµà´²à´¾ à´ªàµà´°àµà´àµà´°à´¾à´®àµà´à´³àµà´ "
"à´à´¾à´²à´¹à´°à´£à´ªàµà´ªàµà´àµà´à´¿à´°àµà´¨àµà´¨àµ."
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
+# | The AI Lab hacker community had already collapsed, not long before. In
+# | 1981, the spin-off company Symbolics had hired away nearly all of the
+# | hackers from the AI Lab, and the depopulated community was unable to
+# | maintain itself. (The book [-Hackers,-] {+<cite>Hackers</cite>,+} by
+# | Steve Levy, describes these events, as well as giving a clear picture of
+# | this community in its prime.) When the AI Lab bought a new PDP-10 in
+# | 1982, its administrators decided to use Digital's nonfree timesharing
+# | system instead of ITS.
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "The AI Lab hacker community had already collapsed, not long before. In "
+#| "1981, the spin-off company Symbolics had hired away nearly all of the "
+#| "hackers from the AI Lab, and the depopulated community was unable to "
+#| "maintain itself. (The book Hackers, by Steve Levy, describes these "
+#| "events, as well as giving a clear picture of this community in its "
+#| "prime.) When the AI Lab bought a new PDP-10 in 1982, its administrators "
+#| "decided to use Digital's nonfree timesharing system instead of ITS."
msgid ""
"The AI Lab hacker community had already collapsed, not long before. In "
"1981, the spin-off company Symbolics had hired away nearly all of the "
"hackers from the AI Lab, and the depopulated community was unable to "
-"maintain itself. (The book Hackers, by Steve Levy, describes these events, "
-"as well as giving a clear picture of this community in its prime.) When the "
-"AI Lab bought a new PDP-10 in 1982, its administrators decided to use "
-"Digital's nonfree timesharing system instead of ITS."
+"maintain itself. (The book <cite>Hackers</cite>, by Steve Levy, describes "
+"these events, as well as giving a clear picture of this community in its "
+"prime.) When the AI Lab bought a new PDP-10 in 1982, its administrators "
+"decided to use Digital's nonfree timesharing system instead of ITS."
msgstr ""
"à´à´ ലാബൠഹാà´àµà´àµ¼ à´àµà´àµà´à´¾à´¯àµà´®
à´à´¤à´¿à´¨à´à´ തനàµà´¨àµ à´¤à´àµ¼à´¨àµà´¨àµ
à´ªàµà´¯à´¿à´°àµà´¨àµà´¨àµ. 1981-ൽ,
à´à´ªàµà´¤àµà´ªà´¨àµà´¨à´®à´¾à´¯à´¿ à´à´£àµà´à´¾à´¯ "
"സിà´à´¬àµà´³à´¿à´àµà´¸àµ à´à´¨àµà´¨ à´à´®àµà´ªà´¨à´¿ à´à´
ലാബിൽ നിനàµà´¨àµà´®àµà´³àµà´³ à´à´à´¦àµà´¶à´
à´à´²àµà´²à´¾ ഹാà´àµà´àµ¼à´®à´¾à´°àµà´¯àµà´ ലാബിലàµ
à´àµà´²à´¿ "
@@ -167,7 +189,7 @@
"ൽ à´à´ ലാബൠà´à´°àµ à´ªàµà´¤à´¿à´¯ പിഡിപി-10
വാà´àµà´à´¿à´¯à´ªàµà´ªàµàµ¾, à´à´¤à´¿à´¨àµà´±àµ à´
à´¡àµà´®à´¿à´¨à´¿à´¸àµà´àµà´°àµà´±àµà´±àµ¼à´®à´¾àµ¼
à´à´à´¿à´à´¸à´¿à´¨àµ à´ªà´à´°à´ "
"à´¡à´¿à´à´¿à´±àµà´±à´²à´¿à´¨àµà´±àµ à´
à´¸àµà´µà´¤à´¨àµà´¤àµà´°
à´àµà´à´·àµà´¯à´±à´¿à´àµ സിസàµà´±àµà´±à´
à´à´ªà´¯àµà´à´¿à´àµà´àµà´µà´¾àµ» à´¤àµà´°àµà´®à´¾à´¨à´¿à´àµà´àµ."
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"The modern computers of the era, such as the VAX or the 68020, had their own "
"operating systems, but none of them were free software: you had to sign a "
@@ -178,7 +200,7 @@
"à´à´àµà´¸à´¿à´àµà´¯àµà´àµà´àµ à´àµà´¯àµà´¯à´¾àµ»
à´à´´à´¿à´¯àµà´¨àµà´¨ à´à´°àµ à´ªà´àµ¼à´ªàµà´ªàµ à´à´¿à´àµà´à´¾àµ»
à´ªàµà´²àµà´ à´µàµà´³à´¿à´ªàµà´ªàµà´àµà´¤àµà´¤à´¿à´²àµà´²àµà´¨àµà´¨
à´à´°àµ ധാരണപതàµà´°à´ "
"നിà´àµà´àµ¾ à´à´ªàµà´ªàµ
à´µàµà´àµà´àµà´£àµà´à´¿à´¯à´¿à´°àµà´¨àµà´¨àµ."
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"This meant that the first step in using a computer was to promise not to "
"help your neighbor. A cooperating community was forbidden. The rule made "
@@ -192,7 +214,7 @@
"à´
യൽà´àµà´à´¾à´°àµà´®à´¾à´¯à´¿
à´ªà´àµà´àµà´µàµà´àµà´àµà´à´¯à´¾à´£àµà´àµà´à´¿àµ½,
നിà´àµà´àµ¾ à´àµà´³àµà´³à´¯à´à´¿à´àµà´àµà´à´¯à´¾à´£àµàµ.
നിà´àµà´àµ¾ à´à´¨àµà´¤àµà´àµà´à´¿à´²àµà´ മാറàµà´±à´ "
"à´à´àµà´°à´¹à´¿à´àµà´àµà´¨àµà´¨àµà´àµà´à´¿àµ½, à´
തിനായി à´à´àµà´à´³àµà´àµ യാà´à´¿à´àµà´àµà´.”"
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"The idea that the proprietary software social system—the system that "
"says you are not allowed to share or change software—is antisocial, "
@@ -214,11 +236,27 @@
"à´°àµà´¤à´¿à´¯à´¿àµ½ മാതàµà´°à´®àµ
à´¨àµà´àµà´à´¿à´àµà´à´¾à´£à´¾àµ»
പറàµà´±àµà´à´¯àµà´³àµà´³àµà´µàµà´¨àµà´¨àµ à´à´¨à´àµà´à´³àµ
à´¬àµà´¦àµà´§àµà´¯à´ªàµà´ªàµà´àµà´¤àµà´¤à´¾àµ»
à´¸àµà´«àµà´±àµà´±àµâà´µàµà´¯àµ¼ "
"à´ªàµà´°à´¸à´¾à´§à´àµ¼ വളരൠà´à´¾à´²à´®à´¾à´¯à´¿ à´à´
ിനാധàµà´µà´¾à´¨à´ à´àµà´¯àµà´¤à´¿à´àµà´àµà´£àµà´àµàµ."
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
+# | When software publishers talk about “enforcing” their
+# | “rights” or “stopping <a
+# | [-href=\"/philosophy/words-to-avoid.html#Piracy\">piracy</a>”,-]
+# | {+href=\"/philosophy/words-to-avoid.html#Piracy\">piracy</a>,”+}
+# | what they actually <em>say</em> is secondary. The real message of these
+# | statements is in the unstated assumptions they take for granted, which the
+# | public is asked to accept without examination. Let's therefore examine
+# | them.
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "When software publishers talk about “enforcing” their “"
+#| "rights” or “stopping <a href=\"/philosophy/words-to-avoid."
+#| "html#Piracy\">piracy</a>”, what they actually <em>say</em> is "
+#| "secondary. The real message of these statements is in the unstated "
+#| "assumptions they take for granted, which the public is asked to accept "
+#| "without examination. Let's therefore examine them."
msgid ""
"When software publishers talk about “enforcing” their “"
"rights” or “stopping <a href=\"/philosophy/words-to-avoid."
-"html#Piracy\">piracy</a>”, what they actually <em>say</em> is "
+"html#Piracy\">piracy</a>,” what they actually <em>say</em> is "
"secondary. The real message of these statements is in the unstated "
"assumptions they take for granted, which the public is asked to accept "
"without examination. Let's therefore examine them."
@@ -230,7 +268,7 @@
"വിസàµà´¤à´¾à´°à´µàµà´®à´¿à´²àµà´²à´¾à´¤àµ à´
à´à´àµà´à´°à´¿à´àµà´à´¾àµ» à´à´µà´¶àµà´¯à´ªàµà´ªàµà´àµà´¨àµà´¨,
à´à´°àµ വിà´à´¿à´¨àµà´¤à´¨à´µàµà´ à´àµà´à´¾à´¤àµà´¯àµà´³àµà´³
à´
à´ªàµà´°à´¸àµà´¤à´¾à´µà´¿à´¤ "
"ധാരണà´à´³à´¿à´²à´¾à´£àµàµ à´
à´ªàµà´°à´¸àµà´¤à´¾à´µà´¨à´à´³àµà´àµ യഥാർതàµà´¥
സനàµà´¦àµà´¶à´. à´
à´¤àµà´àµà´£àµà´àµàµ നമàµà´àµà´àµàµ
à´
വയൠà´à´¨àµà´¨àµ പരിശàµà´§à´¿à´àµà´à´¾à´."
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"One assumption is that software companies have an unquestionable natural "
"right to own software and thus have power over all its users. (If this were "
@@ -247,7 +285,7 @@
"à´
à´¤àµàµ à´ªà´àµ¼à´ªàµà´ªà´¿à´¨àµà´³àµà´³
à´à´ªà´¯àµà´àµà´¤à´¾à´àµà´à´³àµà´àµ
à´¸àµà´µà´¾à´à´¾à´µà´¿à´à´®à´¾à´¯ à´
à´µà´à´¾à´¶à´¤àµà´¤àµ
പരിമിതപàµà´ªàµà´àµà´¤àµà´¤àµà´¨àµà´¨ സർà´àµà´à´¾àµ¼
à´àµà´®à´¤àµà´¤à´¿à´¯ "
"à´àµà´¤àµà´°à´¿à´®à´®à´¾à´¯ à´à´°àµ à´àµà´¤àµà´¤à´à´¯à´¾à´£àµàµ."
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"Another unstated assumption is that the only important thing about software "
"is what jobs it allows you to do—that we computer users should not "
@@ -257,7 +295,7 @@
"à´àµà´¯àµà´¯à´¾àµ» നിà´àµà´à´³àµ à´
à´¨àµà´µà´¦à´¿à´àµà´àµà´¨àµà´¨àµ à´à´¨àµà´¨à´¤à´¾à´£àµàµ—à´
തായതàµàµ നമàµà´®àµ¾ à´à´à´ªàµà´¯àµà´àµà´àµ¼
à´à´ªà´¯àµà´àµà´¤à´¾à´àµà´àµ¾ നമàµà´àµà´àµàµ "
"à´à´¨àµà´¤àµà´¤à´°à´ സമàµà´¹à´®à´¾à´£àµàµ à´
à´¨àµà´µà´¦à´¨àµà´¯à´®à´¾à´¯à´¿à´àµà´àµà´³àµà´³à´¤àµà´¨àµà´¨à´¤à´¿àµ½
à´¶àµà´°à´¦àµà´§à´¿à´àµà´àµà´µà´¾àµ» പാà´à´¿à´²àµà´²."
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"A third assumption is that we would have no usable software (or would never "
"have a program to do this or that particular job) if we did not offer a "
@@ -271,7 +309,7 @@
"ധാരാളഠà´à´ªà´¯àµà´à´ªàµà´°à´¦à´®à´¾à´¯
à´¸àµà´«àµà´±àµà´±àµâà´µàµà´¯àµ¼ നമàµà´àµà´àµàµ
à´à´£àµà´à´¾à´àµà´à´¾àµ» à´à´´à´¿à´¯àµà´®àµà´¨àµà´¨àµàµ
à´¸àµà´µà´¤à´¨àµà´¤àµà´° à´¸àµà´«àµà´±àµà´±àµâà´µàµà´¯àµ¼
à´®àµà´µàµà´®àµà´¨àµà´±àµ "
"à´¤àµà´³à´¿à´¯à´¿à´àµà´àµà´¨àµà´¨à´¤à´¿à´¨àµ à´®àµàµ»à´ªàµàµ, à´
ധാരണ à´¨àµà´¯à´¾à´¯à´®à´¾à´¯à´¿
à´¤àµà´¨àµà´¨à´¿à´¯à´¿à´àµà´àµà´£àµà´à´¾à´à´¾àµ»
സാധàµà´¯à´¤à´¯àµà´£àµà´àµàµ."
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"If we decline to accept these assumptions, and judge these issues based on "
"ordinary commonsense morality while placing the users first, we arrive at "
@@ -286,13 +324,31 @@
"à´à´ªà´¯àµà´àµà´¤à´¾à´àµà´àµ¾ നിർബനàµà´§à´®à´¾à´¯àµà´
à´¸àµà´µà´¤à´¨àµà´¤àµà´°à´°à´¾à´¯à´¿à´°à´¿à´àµà´à´£à´, à´à´¾à´°à´£à´
മറàµà´±àµà´³àµà´³à´µà´°àµ സഹായിà´àµà´àµà´
à´à´¨àµà´¨à´¤à´¾à´£àµàµ "
"സമàµà´¹à´¤àµà´¤à´¿à´¨àµà´±àµ à´à´§à´¾à´°à´."
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
+# | There is no room here for an extensive statement of the reasoning behind
+# | this conclusion, so I refer the reader to [-the web pages <a
+# | href=\"/philosophy/why-free.html\">
+# | http://www.gnu.org/philosophy/why-free.html</a>-] {+“<a
+# | href=\"/philosophy/why-free.html\">Why Software Should Not Have
+# | Owners</a>,”+} and [-<a
+# | href=\"/philosophy/free-software-even-more-important.html\">
+# | http://www.gnu.org/philosophy/free-software-even-more-important.html</a>.-]
+# | {+“<a
+# | href=\"/philosophy/free-software-even-more-important.html\">Free Software
+# | Is Even More Important Now</a>.”+}
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "There is no room here for an extensive statement of the reasoning behind "
+#| "this conclusion, so I refer the reader to the web pages <a href=\"/"
+#| "philosophy/why-free.html\"> http://www.gnu.org/philosophy/why-free.html</"
+#| "a> and <a href=\"/philosophy/free-software-even-more-important.html\"> "
+#| "http://www.gnu.org/philosophy/free-software-even-more-important.html</a>."
msgid ""
"There is no room here for an extensive statement of the reasoning behind "
-"this conclusion, so I refer the reader to the web pages <a href=\"/"
-"philosophy/why-free.html\"> http://www.gnu.org/philosophy/why-free.html</a> "
-"and <a href=\"/philosophy/free-software-even-more-important.html\"> http://";
-"www.gnu.org/philosophy/free-software-even-more-important.html</a>."
+"this conclusion, so I refer the reader to “<a href=\"/philosophy/why-"
+"free.html\">Why Software Should Not Have Owners</a>,” and “<a "
+"href=\"/philosophy/free-software-even-more-important.html\">Free Software Is "
+"Even More Important Now</a>.”"
msgstr ""
"ഠനിà´à´®à´¨à´¤àµà´¤à´¿à´¨àµ പിനàµà´¨à´¿à´²àµ
വാദà´àµà´àµ¾à´àµà´àµà´³àµà´³ വിപàµà´²à´®à´¾à´¯ à´à´°àµ
à´ªàµà´°à´¸àµà´¤à´¾à´µà´¨à´¯àµà´àµà´àµàµ à´à´µà´¿à´àµ
à´à´à´®à´¿à´²àµà´²à´¾à´¤àµà´¤à´¤à´¿à´¨à´¾àµ½, "
"വായനà´àµà´à´¾à´°àµà´àµàµ <a
href=\"/philosophy/why-free.html\"> http://www.gnu.org/";
@@ -300,11 +356,11 @@
"important.html\"> http://www.gnu.org/philosophy/free-software-even-more-";
"important.html</a> à´à´¨àµà´¨àµ à´µàµà´¬àµ താളàµà´àµ¾
സനàµà´¦àµ¼à´¶à´¿à´àµà´àµà´µà´¾à´¨à´¾à´£àµàµ à´à´¨àµà´±àµ
നിർദàµà´¦àµà´¶à´."
-#. type: Content of: <h3>
+#. type: Content of: <div><h3>
msgid "A stark moral choice"
msgstr "à´¤àµàµ¼à´¤àµà´¤àµà´ ധാർമàµà´®à´¿à´à´®à´¾à´¯ à´à´°àµ
തിരà´àµà´àµà´àµà´ªàµà´ªàµàµ"
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"With my community gone, to continue as before was impossible. Instead, I "
"faced a stark moral choice."
@@ -312,7 +368,7 @@
"à´à´¨àµà´±àµ à´àµà´àµà´à´¾à´¯àµà´®
à´à´²àµà´²à´¾à´¤à´¾à´¯à´¤àµà´àµ à´àµà´à´¿ à´®àµà´®àµà´ªà´¤àµà´¤àµ
à´ªàµà´²àµ à´¤àµà´à´°àµà´ à´à´¨àµà´¨à´¤àµàµ à´
സാധàµà´¯à´®à´¾à´¯à´¿ à´¤àµàµ¼à´¨àµà´¨àµ. à´ªà´à´°à´, "
"തിà´à´àµà´àµà´ ധാർമàµà´®à´¿à´à´®à´¾à´¯ à´à´°àµ
തിരà´àµà´àµà´àµà´ªàµà´ªà´¿à´¨àµ à´à´¨à´¿à´àµà´àµàµ à´
à´à´¿à´®àµà´àµà´à´°à´¿à´àµà´àµà´£àµà´à´¿ വനàµà´¨àµ."
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"The easy choice was to join the proprietary software world, signing "
"nondisclosure agreements and promising not to help my fellow hacker. Most "
@@ -326,7 +382,7 @@
"à´àµà´´à´¿àµ½ à´
à´µ
à´ªàµà´°à´¸à´¿à´¦àµà´§àµà´à´°à´¿à´àµà´àµà´à´¯àµà´, à´
à´àµà´à´¨àµ à´àµà´àµà´àµà´à´¾à´°àµ
à´à´¤à´¿à´àµà´à´¾à´¨à´¾à´¯à´¿ മറàµà´±àµà´³àµà´³
à´à´¨à´àµà´à´³àµà´àµ à´®àµà´à´³à´¿à´²àµà´³àµà´³ "
"സമàµà´®àµ¼à´¦àµà´¦à´ à´àµà´àµà´àµà´à´¯àµà´
à´àµà´¯àµà´¯àµà´®à´¾à´¯à´¿à´°àµà´¨àµà´¨àµ."
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"I could have made money this way, and perhaps amused myself writing code. "
"But I knew that at the end of my career, I would look back on years of "
@@ -338,7 +394,7 @@
"à´µàµàµ¼à´¤à´¿à´°à´¿à´àµà´à´¾à´¨à´¾à´¯àµà´³àµà´³ മതിലàµà´àµ¾
നിർമàµà´®à´¿à´àµà´à´¿à´°àµà´¨àµà´¨
നാളàµà´à´³à´¿à´²àµà´àµà´àµ à´à´¾àµ»
തിരിà´àµà´àµà´¨àµà´àµà´àµà´, പിനàµà´¨àµ
à´²àµà´à´¤àµà´¤àµ "
"à´à´°àµ à´àµà´¤àµà´¤ à´¸àµà´¥à´²à´®à´¾à´àµà´à´¿
മാറàµà´±à´¾àµ» à´à´¨àµà´±àµ à´àµà´µà´¿à´¤à´
à´àµà´²à´µà´´à´¿à´àµà´à´¤à´¾à´¯à´¿ à´à´¨à´¿à´àµà´àµ
à´¤àµà´¨àµà´¨àµà´."
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"I had already experienced being on the receiving end of a nondisclosure "
"agreement, when someone refused to give me and the MIT AI Lab the source "
@@ -356,7 +412,7 @@
"പറയàµà´µà´¾àµ» à´à´´à´¿à´àµà´à´¿à´°àµà´¨àµà´¨à´¿à´²àµà´². à´
യാൾ à´à´àµà´à´³àµà´®à´¾à´¯à´¿ à´ªà´àµà´àµà´µàµà´àµà´à´¾àµ»
നിരസിà´àµà´à´¤àµàµ à´à´¨àµà´¨àµ വലàµà´²à´¾à´¤àµ
à´¦àµà´·àµà´¯à´ "
"പിà´à´¿à´ªàµà´ªà´¿à´àµà´àµ;
തിരിà´àµà´àµà´¨à´¿à´¨àµà´¨àµàµ à´à´²àµà´²à´¾à´µà´°àµà´àµà´
à´à´¤àµà´¤à´¨àµà´¨àµ à´àµà´¯àµà´¯à´¾àµ» à´à´¨à´¿à´àµà´àµ
à´à´´à´¿à´¯àµà´®à´¾à´¯à´¿à´°àµà´¨àµà´¨à´¿à´²àµà´²."
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"Another choice, straightforward but unpleasant, was to leave the computer "
"field. That way my skills would not be misused, but they would still be "
@@ -368,7 +424,7 @@
"à´à´ªà´¯àµà´àµà´¤à´¾à´àµà´à´³àµ
à´à´¿à´¨àµà´¨à´¿à´ªàµà´ªà´¿à´àµà´àµà´à´¯àµà´
പരിമിതിà´àµ¾ à´¸àµà´·àµà´à´¿à´àµà´àµà´à´¯àµà´
à´àµà´¯àµà´¤àµà´µàµà´¨àµà´¨ à´àµà´±àµà´±à´¬àµà´§à´ "
"à´à´¨à´¿à´àµà´àµà´£àµà´à´¾à´àµà´®à´¾à´¯à´¿à´°àµà´¨àµà´¨à´¿à´²àµà´²,
à´à´¨àµà´¨à´¿à´°àµà´¨àµà´¨à´¾à´²àµà´ à´à´¤àµ
à´¸à´à´à´µà´¿à´àµà´àµà´ തനàµà´¨àµ
à´àµà´¯àµà´¯àµà´®à´¾à´¯à´¿à´°àµà´¨àµà´¨àµ."
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"So I looked for a way that a programmer could do something for the good. I "
"asked myself, was there a program or programs that I could write, so as to "
@@ -378,7 +434,7 @@
"തിരà´àµà´àµ. à´à´°à´¿à´àµà´àµ½ à´àµà´à´¿ à´à´°àµ
à´àµà´àµà´à´¾à´¯àµà´® à´à´£àµà´à´¾à´àµà´àµà´µà´¾àµ»
സാധിà´àµà´àµà´¨àµà´¨ തരതàµà´¤à´¿àµ½ à´à´³àµà´³ à´à´°àµ
à´ªàµà´°àµà´àµà´°à´®àµ "
"à´
à´²àµà´²àµà´àµà´à´¿àµ½ à´à´¨à´¿à´àµà´àµàµ à´à´´àµà´¤à´¾àµ»
à´à´´à´¿à´¯àµà´¨àµà´¨ à´ªàµà´°àµà´àµà´°à´¾à´®àµà´à´³àµ
à´à´£àµà´àµ à´à´¨àµà´¨àµàµ à´à´¾àµ»
à´à´¨àµà´¨àµà´àµà´¤à´¨àµà´¨àµ à´àµà´¦à´¿à´àµà´àµ?"
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"The answer was clear: what was needed first was an operating system. That "
"is the crucial software for starting to use a computer. With an operating "
@@ -397,7 +453,24 @@
"à´à´°à´¾à´³àµà´àµ à´¸àµà´¹àµà´¤àµà´¤àµà´àµà´à´³àµ
നഷàµà´à´ªàµà´ªàµà´àµà´¤àµà´¤à´¾à´¨àµà´³àµà´³
à´à´¸àµà´¤àµà´°à´£à´àµà´à´³àµà´¨àµà´¨àµà´ à´¨à´à´¤àµà´¤à´¾à´¤àµ
തനàµà´¨àµ à´àµ¼à´àµà´àµà´µàµà´£à´®àµà´àµà´à´¿à´²àµà´ "
"à´à´à´ªàµà´¯àµà´àµà´àµ¼ à´à´ªà´¯àµà´à´¿à´àµà´à´¾àµ»
à´à´´à´¿à´¯àµà´."
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
+# | As an operating system developer, I had the right skills for this job. So
+# | even though I could not take success for granted, I realized that I was
+# | elected to do the job. I chose to make the system compatible with Unix so
+# | that it would be portable, and so that Unix users could easily switch to
+# | it. The name GNU was chosen, following a hacker tradition, as a recursive
+# | acronym for “GNU's Not Unix.” It is pronounced as <a
+# | href=\"/gnu/pronunciation.html\">one syllable with a [-hard g</a>.-]
+# | {+hard <i>g</i></a>.+}
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "As an operating system developer, I had the right skills for this job. "
+#| "So even though I could not take success for granted, I realized that I "
+#| "was elected to do the job. I chose to make the system compatible with "
+#| "Unix so that it would be portable, and so that Unix users could easily "
+#| "switch to it. The name GNU was chosen, following a hacker tradition, as "
+#| "a recursive acronym for “GNU's Not Unix.” It is pronounced as "
+#| "<a href=\"/gnu/pronunciation.html\">one syllable with a hard g</a>."
msgid ""
"As an operating system developer, I had the right skills for this job. So "
"even though I could not take success for granted, I realized that I was "
@@ -405,7 +478,7 @@
"that it would be portable, and so that Unix users could easily switch to "
"it. The name GNU was chosen, following a hacker tradition, as a recursive "
"acronym for “GNU's Not Unix.” It is pronounced as <a href=\"/gnu/"
-"pronunciation.html\">one syllable with a hard g</a>."
+"pronunciation.html\">one syllable with a hard <i>g</i></a>."
msgstr ""
"à´à´°àµ à´à´ªàµà´ªà´±àµà´±àµà´±à´¿à´àµ സിസàµà´±àµà´±à´
ഡവലപàµà´ªàµ¼ à´à´¨àµà´¨à´°àµà´¤à´¿à´¯à´¿àµ½, à´
à´àµà´²à´¿à´àµà´àµàµ à´à´à´¿à´¤à´®à´¾à´¯
à´µàµà´¦à´àµà´¦àµà´§àµà´¯à´ "
"à´à´¨à´¿à´àµà´àµà´£àµà´à´¾à´¯à´¿à´°àµà´¨àµà´¨àµ. à´
à´¤àµà´àµà´£àµà´àµàµ വിà´à´¯à´ à´à´±à´ªàµà´ªà´¿à´àµà´à´¾àµ»
à´à´´à´¿à´¯àµà´®à´¾à´¯à´¿à´°àµà´¨àµà´¨à´¿à´²àµà´²àµà´àµà´à´¿à´²àµà´,
à´à´¾àµ» à´ à´àµà´²à´¿ "
@@ -416,7 +489,7 @@
"href=\"/gnu/pronunciation.html\">à´à´°à´àµà´·à´°à´®àµà´¨àµà´¨
à´°àµà´¤à´¿à´¯à´¿àµ½ (syllable) à´à´¨à´®àµà´³àµà´³ g-à´¯àµà´àµ "
"à´àµà´à´¿à´¯à´¾à´£àµàµ</a>
à´à´àµà´à´°à´¿à´àµà´àµà´¨àµà´¨à´¤àµàµ."
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"An operating system does not mean just a kernel, barely enough to run other "
"programs. In the 1970s, every operating system worthy of the name included "
@@ -431,42 +504,40 @@
"മൾà´àµà´à´¿à´àµà´¸à´¿àµ½ à´
വയàµà´£àµà´à´¾à´¯à´¿à´°àµà´¨àµà´¨àµ, വിà´à´à´à´¸à´¿àµ½ à´
വയàµà´£àµà´à´¾à´¯à´¿à´°àµà´¨àµà´¨àµ,
à´¯àµà´£à´¿à´àµà´¸à´¿à´²àµà´ à´
വയàµà´£àµà´à´¾à´¯à´¿à´°àµà´¨àµà´¨àµ. à´àµà´¨àµ "
"à´à´ªàµà´ªà´±àµà´±àµà´±à´¿à´àµ സിസàµà´±àµà´±à´µàµà´ à´
à´µ
à´àµ¾à´ªàµà´ªàµà´àµà´¤àµà´¤àµà´."
-#. type: Content of: <p>
-msgid "Later I heard these words, attributed to Hillel (1):"
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
+# | Later I heard these words, attributed to [-Hillel (1):-] {+Hillel <a
+# | href=\"#ft2\">[2]</a>:+}
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid "Later I heard these words, attributed to Hillel (1):"
+msgid ""
+"Later I heard these words, attributed to Hillel <a href=\"#ft2\">[2]</"
+"a>:"
msgstr "പിനàµà´¨àµà´àµàµ,
ഹിലàµà´²àµà´²à´¿à´¨àµà´±àµà´¤àµàµ(1) à´à´¨àµà´¨àµ
പറയപàµà´ªàµà´àµà´¨àµà´¨ ഠവാà´àµà´àµà´àµ¾ à´à´¾àµ»
à´àµàµ¾à´àµà´àµà´à´¯àµà´£àµà´à´¾à´¯à´¿:"
-#. type: Content of: <blockquote><p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><blockquote><p>
msgid "If I am not for myself, who will be for me?"
msgstr "If I am not for myself, who will be for me?"
-#. type: Content of: <blockquote><p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><blockquote><p>
msgid "If I am only for myself, what am I?"
msgstr "If I am only for myself, what am I?"
-#. type: Content of: <blockquote><p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><blockquote><p>
msgid "If not now, when?"
msgstr ""
"If not now, when? <a id=\"TransNote1-rev\" href=\"#TransNote1\"><sup>1</"
"sup></a>"
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid "The decision to start the GNU Project was based on a similar spirit."
msgstr ""
"à´àµà´¨àµ à´¸à´à´°à´à´à´ à´à´°à´à´à´¿à´àµà´à´¾à´¨àµà´³àµà´³
à´¤àµà´°àµà´®à´¾à´¨à´ à´à´¤à´¿à´¨àµ à´¤àµà´²àµà´¯à´®à´¾à´¯ à´à´°àµ
à´à´¦àµ¼à´¶à´¤àµà´¤à´¿à´¨àµà´±àµ à´
à´à´¿à´¸àµà´¥à´¾à´¨à´¤àµà´¤à´¿à´²à´¾à´¯à´¿à´°àµà´¨àµà´¨àµ."
-#. type: Content of: <p>
-msgid ""
-"(1) As an Atheist, I don't follow any religious leaders, but I sometimes "
-"find I admire something one of them has said."
-msgstr ""
-"(1) à´à´°àµ നിരàµà´¶àµà´µà´°à´µà´¾à´¦à´¿
à´à´¯à´¤àµà´àµà´£àµà´àµà´¤à´¨àµà´¨àµ,
മതനàµà´¤à´¾à´àµà´à´¨àµà´®à´¾à´°àµ à´à´¾àµ»
പിനàµà´¤àµà´à´°à´¾à´±à´¿à´²àµà´², à´à´¨àµà´¨à´¾àµ½ "
-"à´à´¿à´²à´ªàµà´ªàµà´´àµà´àµà´àµ à´
വരിൽ à´à´°à´¾àµ¾
പറà´àµà´à´¿à´àµà´àµà´³àµà´³ à´à´¨àµà´¤àµà´àµà´à´¿à´²àµà´
à´à´¾à´°àµà´¯à´¤àµà´¤àµ à´à´¾àµ»
à´à´°à´¾à´§à´¿à´àµà´àµà´¨àµà´¨à´¤à´¾à´¯à´¿ à´à´¾à´£àµà´¨àµà´¨àµ."
-
-#. type: Content of: <h3>
+#. type: Content of: <div><h3>
msgid "Free as in freedom"
msgstr "à´¸àµà´µà´¾à´¤à´¨àµà´¤àµà´°àµà´¯à´
à´à´¨àµà´¨àµ¼à´¤àµà´¥à´¤àµà´¤à´¿à´²àµà´³àµà´³ à´«àµà´°àµ"
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"The term “free software” is sometimes misunderstood—it has "
"nothing to do with price. It is about freedom. Here, therefore, is the "
@@ -476,16 +547,16 @@
"à´à´¤à´¿à´¨àµ വിലയàµà´®à´¾à´¯à´¿ യാതàµà´°àµ
ബനàµà´§à´µàµà´®à´¿à´²àµà´². à´à´¤àµàµ
à´¸àµà´µà´¾à´¤à´¨àµà´¤àµà´°àµà´¯à´¤àµà´¤àµ
à´¸à´à´¬à´¨àµà´§à´¿à´àµà´àµà´¨àµà´¨à´¤à´¾à´£àµàµ. à´
തായതàµàµ, à´«àµà´°àµ "
"à´¸àµà´«àµà´±àµà´±àµâà´µàµà´¯àµ¼ നിർവà´à´¨à´
à´à´¤à´¾à´£àµàµ."
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid "A program is free software, for you, a particular user, if:"
msgstr "à´à´°àµ à´ªàµà´°àµà´àµà´°à´¾à´,
നിà´àµà´àµ¾à´àµà´àµàµ, à´
തായതàµàµ à´à´°àµ
à´à´ªà´¯àµà´àµà´¤à´¾à´µà´¿à´¨àµàµ, à´¸àµà´µà´¤à´¨àµà´¤àµà´°
à´¸àµà´«àµà´±àµà´±àµâà´µàµà´¯àµ¼ à´à´£àµà´àµà´à´¿àµ½:"
-#. type: Content of: <ul><li>
+#. type: Content of: <div><ul><li>
msgid "You have the freedom to run the program as you wish, for any purpose."
msgstr ""
"à´à´¤à´¾à´µà´¶àµà´¯à´¤àµà´¤à´¿à´¨àµà´ നിà´àµà´à´³àµà´àµ
à´à´·àµà´à´ªàµà´°à´à´¾à´°à´ à´ªàµà´°àµà´àµà´°à´¾à´
à´ªàµà´°à´µàµ¼à´¤àµà´¤à´¿à´ªàµà´ªà´¿à´àµà´à´¾à´¨àµà´³àµà´³
à´¸àµà´µà´¾à´¤à´¨àµà´¤àµà´°àµà´¯à´
നിà´àµà´àµ¾à´àµà´àµà´£àµà´àµàµ."
-#. type: Content of: <ul><li>
+#. type: Content of: <div><ul><li>
msgid ""
"You have the freedom to modify the program to suit your needs. (To make "
"this freedom effective in practice, you must have access to the source code, "
@@ -496,14 +567,14 @@
"à´¸àµà´µà´¾à´¤à´¨àµà´¤àµà´°àµà´¯à´¤àµà´¤à´¿à´¨àµà´±àµ
ഫലപàµà´°à´¦à´®à´¾à´¯ à´à´ªà´¯àµà´à´¤àµà´¤à´¿à´¨àµàµ,
നിà´àµà´àµ¾à´àµà´àµ നിർബനàµà´§à´®à´¾à´¯àµà´
à´¸àµà´´àµà´¸àµ à´àµà´¡àµ "
"à´²à´àµà´¯à´®à´¾à´¯à´¿à´°à´¿à´àµà´à´£à´, à´à´¾à´°à´£à´
à´¸àµà´´àµà´¸àµ à´àµà´¡à´¿à´²àµà´²à´¾à´¤àµ à´à´°àµ
à´ªàµà´°àµà´àµà´°à´¾à´®à´¿à´¨àµ മാറàµà´±à´
വരàµà´¤àµà´¤àµà´ à´à´¨àµà´¨à´¤àµ à´¦àµà´·àµà´à´°à´®à´¾à´£àµàµ.)"
-#. type: Content of: <ul><li>
+#. type: Content of: <div><ul><li>
msgid ""
"You have the freedom to redistribute copies, either gratis or for a fee."
msgstr ""
"à´ªà´àµ¼à´ªàµà´ªàµà´àµ¾ à´¸àµàµà´à´¨àµà´¯à´®à´¾à´¯àµ à´
à´²àµà´²àµà´àµà´à´¿àµ½ à´à´°àµ വില à´à´à´¾à´àµà´à´¿à´¯àµ
à´ªàµà´¨àµ¼à´µà´¿à´¤à´°à´£à´ à´àµà´¯àµà´¯à´¾à´¨àµà´³àµà´³
à´¸àµà´µà´¾à´¤à´¨àµà´¤àµà´°àµà´¯à´ "
"നിà´àµà´àµ¾à´àµà´àµà´£àµà´àµàµ."
-#. type: Content of: <ul><li>
+#. type: Content of: <div><ul><li>
msgid ""
"You have the freedom to distribute modified versions of the program, so that "
"the community can benefit from your improvements."
@@ -512,7 +583,7 @@
"à´à´¤à´¿à´²àµà´àµ നിà´àµà´à´³àµà´àµ
à´®àµà´àµà´à´ªàµà´ªàµà´àµà´¤àµà´¤à´²àµà´àµ¾
à´à´ªà´¯àµà´à´ªàµà´ªàµà´àµà´¤àµà´¤à´¾à´¨àµà´³àµà´³ à´
വസരà´
à´à´°àµ സമàµà´¹à´¤àµà´¤à´¿à´¨àµ à´®àµà´´àµà´µàµ» നലàµà´à´¾àµ» "
"à´à´´à´¿à´¯àµà´."
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"Since “free” refers to freedom, not to price, there is no "
"contradiction between selling copies and free software. In fact, the "
@@ -528,14 +599,34 @@
"വിലàµà´ªà´¨à´¯à´¿à´²àµà´àµ
à´¸àµà´µà´°àµà´ªà´¿à´àµà´àµà´¨àµà´¨ à´¤àµà´
à´¸àµà´µà´¤à´¨àµà´¤àµà´° à´¸àµà´«àµà´±àµà´±àµâà´µàµà´¯àµ¼
ഡവലപàµà´®àµà´¨àµà´±à´¿à´¨àµàµ
à´ªàµà´°à´§à´¾à´¨à´µàµà´®à´¾à´£àµàµ. à´
à´¤àµà´àµà´£àµà´àµàµ, à´ "
"à´¶àµà´à´°à´¤àµà´¤à´¿àµ½ à´àµ¾à´ªàµà´ªàµà´àµà´¤àµà´¤à´¾àµ»
à´à´³àµà´àµ¾à´àµà´àµàµ à´¸àµà´µà´¾à´¤à´¨àµà´¤àµà´°àµà´¯à´
നലàµà´à´¾à´¤àµà´¤ à´à´°àµ à´ªàµà´°àµà´àµà´°à´¾à´
à´¸àµà´µà´¤à´¨àµà´¤àµà´° à´¸àµà´«àµà´±àµà´±àµâà´µàµà´¯àµ¼ à´
à´²àµà´²."
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
+# | Because of the ambiguity of [-“free”,-]
+# | {+“free,”+} people have long looked for alternatives, but no
+# | one has found a better term. The English language has more words and
+# | nuances than any other, but it lacks a simple, unambiguous, word that
+# | means [-“free”,-] {+“free,”+} as in
+# | freedom—“unfettered” being the word that comes closest
+# | in meaning. Such alternatives as [-“liberated”,
+# | “freedom”,-] {+“liberated,”
+# | “freedom,”+} and “open” have either the wrong
+# | meaning or some other disadvantage.
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "Because of the ambiguity of “free”, people have long looked "
+#| "for alternatives, but no one has found a better term. The English "
+#| "language has more words and nuances than any other, but it lacks a "
+#| "simple, unambiguous, word that means “free”, as in "
+#| "freedom—“unfettered” being the word that comes closest "
+#| "in meaning. Such alternatives as “liberated”, “"
+#| "freedom”, and “open” have either the wrong meaning or "
+#| "some other disadvantage."
msgid ""
-"Because of the ambiguity of “free”, people have long looked for "
+"Because of the ambiguity of “free,” people have long looked for "
"alternatives, but no one has found a better term. The English language has "
"more words and nuances than any other, but it lacks a simple, unambiguous, "
-"word that means “free”, as in freedom—“"
+"word that means “free,” as in freedom—“"
"unfettered” being the word that comes closest in meaning. Such "
-"alternatives as “liberated”, “freedom”, and “"
+"alternatives as “liberated,” “freedom,” and “"
"open” have either the wrong meaning or some other disadvantage."
msgstr ""
"“à´«àµà´°àµ” à´à´¨àµà´¨ വാà´àµà´à´¿à´¨àµà´±àµ
à´µàµà´¯à´àµà´¤à´¤à´¯à´¿à´²àµà´²à´¾à´¯àµà´® à´à´¾à´°à´£à´, à´àµà´±àµ
നാളàµà´à´³à´¾à´¯à´¿ à´ªà´à´°à´ "
@@ -547,11 +638,11 @@
"(à´¸àµà´µà´¾à´¤à´¨àµà´¤àµà´°àµà´¯à´), “open”
(à´¤àµà´±à´¨àµà´¨) à´à´¨àµà´¨àµ à´ªà´à´°à´
പദà´àµà´àµ¾à´àµà´àµàµ à´à´¨àµà´¨àµà´à´¿àµ½
à´¤àµà´±àµà´±à´¾à´¯ "
"à´
ർതàµà´¥à´®àµ à´
à´²àµà´²àµà´àµà´à´¿àµ½
മറàµà´±àµà´¨àµà´¤àµà´àµà´à´¿à´²àµà´ à´¨àµà´¯àµà´¨à´¤à´¯àµ
à´à´£àµà´àµàµ."
-#. type: Content of: <h3>
+#. type: Content of: <div><h3>
msgid "GNU software and the GNU system"
msgstr "à´àµà´¨àµ à´¸àµà´«àµà´±àµà´±àµâà´µàµà´¯à´±àµà´
à´àµà´¨àµ സിസàµà´±àµà´±à´µàµà´"
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"Developing a whole system is a very large project. To bring it into reach, "
"I decided to adapt and use existing pieces of free software wherever that "
@@ -566,7 +657,7 @@
"വിൻഡൠസിസàµà´±àµà´±à´
നിർമàµà´®à´¿à´àµà´àµà´¨àµà´¨à´¤à´¿à´¨àµ à´ªà´à´°à´
à´àµà´¨àµà´µà´¿à´¨àµ à´µàµà´£àµà´à´¿ à´à´àµà´¸àµ വിൻâà´¡àµ
സിസàµà´±àµà´±à´ à´à´ªà´¯àµà´à´¿à´àµà´à´¾àµ» à´à´¾àµ» "
"à´¤àµà´°àµà´®à´¾à´¨à´¿à´àµà´àµ."
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"Because of these decisions, and others like them, the GNU system is not the "
"same as the collection of all GNU software. The GNU system includes "
@@ -580,11 +671,11 @@
"à´àµà´¯àµà´¤à´¿à´àµà´àµà´³àµà´³
à´ªàµà´°àµà´àµà´°à´¾à´®àµà´à´³à´¾à´£àµàµ à´
à´µ, à´à´¨àµà´¨à´¾àµ½ à´
വയàµà´²àµà´²à´¾à´ à´¸àµà´µà´¤à´¨àµà´¤àµà´°
à´¸àµà´«àµà´±àµà´±àµâà´µàµà´¯àµ¼ à´à´¯à´¤àµà´àµà´£àµà´àµàµ
നമàµà´àµà´àµàµ "
"à´à´ªà´¯àµà´à´¿à´àµà´à´¾àµ» പറàµà´±àµà´¨àµà´¨à´µà´¯à´¾à´£àµàµ.
"
-#. type: Content of: <h3>
+#. type: Content of: <div><h3>
msgid "Commencing the project"
msgstr "à´ à´¸à´à´°à´à´à´ à´à´°à´à´à´¿à´àµà´àµà´¨àµà´¨àµ"
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"In January 1984 I quit my job at MIT and began writing GNU software. "
"Leaving MIT was necessary so that MIT would not be able to interfere with "
@@ -604,7 +695,7 @@
"à´à´¨àµà´¨àµà´³àµà´³ à´²à´àµà´·àµà´¯à´
à´à´ªà´¯àµà´à´¶àµà´¨àµà´¯à´®à´¾à´àµà´¨àµà´¨à´¤àµ à´à´¾à´£à´¾àµ»
മാതàµà´°à´®à´¾à´¯à´¿ വലിയ à´¤àµà´¤à´¿àµ½ à´àµà´²à´¿
à´àµà´¯àµà´¯àµà´µà´¾à´¨à´¾à´¯àµà´³àµà´³ യാതàµà´°àµ "
"à´à´¦àµà´¦àµà´¶àµà´¯à´µàµà´
à´à´¨à´¿à´àµà´àµà´£àµà´à´¾à´¯à´¿à´°àµà´¨àµà´¨à´¿à´²àµà´². "
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"However, Professor Winston, then the head of the MIT AI Lab, kindly invited "
"me to keep using the lab's facilities."
@@ -612,15 +703,29 @@
"à´à´¨àµà´¨à´¿à´°àµà´¨àµà´¨à´¾à´²àµà´, à´
à´ªàµà´ªàµàµ¾
à´à´à´à´à´¿ à´à´ ലാബിനàµà´±àµ
തലവനായിരàµà´¨àµà´¨ à´ªàµà´°àµà´«à´¸àµ¼
വിൻസàµà´±àµà´±àµº, ലാബിലൠ"
"à´¸àµàµà´à´°àµà´¯à´àµà´àµ¾ à´¤àµà´àµ¼à´¨àµà´¨àµà´
à´à´ªà´¯àµà´à´¿à´àµà´àµà´µà´¾àµ» à´
à´¨àµà´à´®àµà´ªà´¯àµà´àµà´àµà´à´¿ à´à´¨àµà´¨àµ
à´àµà´·à´£à´¿à´àµà´àµ."
-#. type: Content of: <h3>
+#. type: Content of: <div><h3>
msgid "The first steps"
msgstr "à´à´¦àµà´¯ à´àµà´µà´àµà´àµ¾"
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
+# | Shortly before beginning the GNU Project, I heard about the Free
+# | University Compiler Kit, also known as VUCK. (The Dutch word for
+# | “free” is written with a [-<em>v</em>.)-] {+<i>v</i>.)+} This
+# | was a compiler designed to handle multiple languages, including C and
+# | Pascal, and to support multiple target machines. I wrote to its author
+# | asking if GNU could use it.
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "Shortly before beginning the GNU Project, I heard about the Free "
+#| "University Compiler Kit, also known as VUCK. (The Dutch word for “"
+#| "free” is written with a <em>v</em>.) This was a compiler designed "
+#| "to handle multiple languages, including C and Pascal, and to support "
+#| "multiple target machines. I wrote to its author asking if GNU could use "
+#| "it."
msgid ""
"Shortly before beginning the GNU Project, I heard about the Free University "
"Compiler Kit, also known as VUCK. (The Dutch word for “free” is "
-"written with a <em>v</em>.) This was a compiler designed to handle multiple "
+"written with a <i>v</i>.) This was a compiler designed to handle multiple "
"languages, including C and Pascal, and to support multiple target machines. "
"I wrote to its author asking if GNU could use it."
msgstr ""
@@ -631,7 +736,7 @@
"à´°àµà´ªà´à´²àµà´ªà´¨ à´àµà´¯àµà´¤à´¤à´¾à´£àµàµ.
à´à´¤à´¿à´¨àµà´±àµ à´²àµà´à´à´¨àµà´àµàµ
à´àµà´¨àµà´µà´¿à´¨àµà´µàµà´£àµà´à´¿
à´à´¤àµà´ªà´¯àµà´à´¿à´¯àµà´àµà´à´¾àµ» à´à´´à´¿à´¯àµà´®àµ
à´à´¨àµà´¨àµ à´àµà´¦à´¿à´àµà´àµà´àµà´£àµà´àµàµ "
"à´à´¾à´¨àµà´°àµ à´à´´àµà´¤àµà´¤àµà´´àµà´¤à´¿."
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"He responded derisively, stating that the university was free but the "
"compiler was not. I therefore decided that my first program for the GNU "
@@ -641,7 +746,7 @@
"മറàµà´ªà´à´¿à´¯à´¾à´£àµ à´²à´à´¿à´àµà´à´¤àµàµ. à´
à´¤àµà´àµà´£àµà´àµàµ à´àµà´¨àµ à´¸à´à´°à´à´à´¤àµà´¤à´¿à´¨àµ
à´µàµà´£àµà´à´¿à´¯àµà´³àµà´³ à´à´¨àµà´±àµ à´à´¦àµà´¯à´¤àµà´¤àµ
à´ªàµà´°àµà´àµà´°à´¾à´ à´à´°àµ ബഹàµà´à´¾à´·, "
"മൾà´àµà´à´¿à´ªàµà´²à´¾à´±àµà´±àµà´«àµà´ à´à´®àµà´ªàµà´²àµ¼
à´à´¯à´¿à´°à´¿à´àµà´àµà´®àµà´¨àµà´¨àµ à´à´¾àµ»
à´¤àµà´°àµà´®à´¾à´¨à´¿à´àµà´àµ. "
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"Hoping to avoid the need to write the whole compiler myself, I obtained the "
"source code for the Pastel compiler, which was a multiplatform compiler "
@@ -660,11 +765,31 @@
"à´®àµà´à´¾à´¬àµà´±àµà´±àµà´à´³àµà´³à´ à´¸àµà´±àµà´±à´¾à´àµ
à´¸àµà´ªàµà´¸àµ à´µàµà´£à´®àµà´¨àµà´¨àµà´ à´²à´àµà´¯à´®à´¾à´¯ 68000
à´¯àµà´£à´¿à´àµà´¸àµ സിസàµà´±àµà´±à´ 64k മാതàµà´°à´®àµ "
"à´
à´¨àµà´µà´¦à´¿à´àµà´à´¿à´°àµà´¨àµà´¨àµà´³àµà´³àµà´µàµà´¨àµà´¨àµà´
à´à´£àµà´àµà´¤àµà´¤à´¿à´¯à´ªàµà´ªàµàµ¾ à´à´¨à´¿à´àµà´à´¤à´¿à´¨àµ
à´à´ªàµà´àµà´·à´¿à´àµà´àµà´£àµà´à´¤à´¾à´¯à´¿ വനàµà´¨àµ."
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
+# | I then realized that the Pastel compiler functioned by parsing the entire
+# | input file into a syntax tree, converting the whole syntax tree into a
+# | chain of [-“instructions”,-] {+“instructions,”+}
+# | and then generating the whole output file, without ever freeing any
+# | storage. At this point, I concluded I would have to write a new compiler
+# | from scratch. That new compiler is now known as <abbr title=\"GNU
+# | Compiler Collection\">GCC</abbr>; none of the Pastel compiler is used in
+# | it, but I managed to adapt and use the C front end that I had written.
+# | But that was some years later; first, I worked on GNU Emacs.
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "I then realized that the Pastel compiler functioned by parsing the entire "
+#| "input file into a syntax tree, converting the whole syntax tree into a "
+#| "chain of “instructions”, and then generating the whole output "
+#| "file, without ever freeing any storage. At this point, I concluded I "
+#| "would have to write a new compiler from scratch. That new compiler is "
+#| "now known as <abbr title=\"GNU Compiler Collection\">GCC</abbr>; none of "
+#| "the Pastel compiler is used in it, but I managed to adapt and use the C "
+#| "front end that I had written. But that was some years later; first, I "
+#| "worked on GNU Emacs."
msgid ""
"I then realized that the Pastel compiler functioned by parsing the entire "
"input file into a syntax tree, converting the whole syntax tree into a chain "
-"of “instructions”, and then generating the whole output file, "
+"of “instructions,” and then generating the whole output file, "
"without ever freeing any storage. At this point, I concluded I would have "
"to write a new compiler from scratch. That new compiler is now known as "
"<abbr title=\"GNU Compiler Collection\">GCC</abbr>; none of the Pastel "
@@ -681,11 +806,11 @@
"à´¯àµà´à´¿à´àµà´à´°àµà´¤à´¿à´¯à´¿àµ½ à´à´¤à´¿à´¨àµà´àµ
à´àµàµ¼à´àµà´à´¾àµ» à´à´¨à´¿à´àµà´àµ à´à´´à´¿à´àµà´àµ.
à´à´¨àµà´¨à´¾àµ½ à´à´¤àµ à´àµà´±à´àµà´àµ
വർഷà´àµà´àµ¾à´àµà´àµ à´¶àµà´·à´®à´¾à´¯à´¿à´°àµà´¨àµà´¨àµ; "
"à´à´¦àµà´¯à´, à´àµà´¨àµ à´à´®à´¾à´àµà´¸à´¿à´¨àµ
à´µàµà´£àµà´à´¿à´¯à´¾à´£àµàµ à´à´¾àµ»
à´ªàµà´°à´µàµ¼à´¤àµà´¤à´¿à´àµà´à´¤àµàµ."
-#. type: Content of: <h3>
+#. type: Content of: <div><h3>
msgid "GNU Emacs"
msgstr "à´àµà´¨àµ à´à´®à´¾à´àµà´¸àµ"
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"I began work on GNU Emacs in September 1984, and in early 1985 it was "
"beginning to be usable. This enabled me to begin using Unix systems to do "
@@ -698,7 +823,7 @@
"താതàµà´ªà´°àµà´¯à´µàµà´®à´¿à´²àµà´²à´¾à´¤à´¿à´°àµà´¨àµà´¨à´¤à´¿à´¨à´¾àµ½,
à´à´¾àµ» à´à´¨àµà´±àµ à´à´¡à´¿à´±àµà´±à´¿à´àµà´àµà´àµ¾
à´à´²àµà´²à´¾à´ മറàµà´±àµ തരതàµà´¤à´¿à´²àµà´³àµà´³
à´®àµà´·àµà´¨àµà´à´³à´¿à´²à´¾à´£àµàµ "
"à´
à´¤àµà´µà´°àµ à´àµà´¯àµà´¤à´¿à´°àµà´¨àµà´¨à´¤àµàµ."
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"At this point, people began wanting to use GNU Emacs, which raised the "
"question of how to distribute it. Of course, I put it on the anonymous ftp "
@@ -718,7 +843,7 @@
"à´²à´àµà´¯à´®à´¾à´àµà´àµà´µà´¾àµ»
സാധിà´àµà´à´¿à´°àµà´¨àµà´¨à´¿à´²àµà´². à´
സനàµà´¦àµ¼à´à´¤àµà´¤à´¿àµ½ à´à´¯àµ¼à´¨àµà´¨ à´à´°àµ
à´àµà´¦àµà´¯à´ à´à´¾à´¨à´µà´°àµà´àµàµ à´à´¨àµà´¤àµ പറയàµà´ "
"à´à´¨àµà´¨à´¤à´¾à´¯à´¿à´°àµà´¨àµà´¨àµ."
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"I could have said, “Find a friend who is on the net and who will make "
"a copy for you.” Or I could have done what I did with the original "
@@ -741,11 +866,11 @@
"à´µàµà´¯à´¾à´ªà´¾à´°à´ à´à´°à´à´à´¿à´àµà´àµ, à´à´¨àµà´¨àµàµ
സമàµà´ªàµàµ¼à´£ à´àµà´¨àµ/ലിനà´àµà´¸àµ
സിസàµà´±àµà´±à´ à´¡à´¿à´¸àµà´àµà´°à´¿à´¬àµà´¯àµà´·à´¨àµà´àµ¾
വിതരണഠà´àµà´¯àµà´¯àµà´¨àµà´¨ "
"à´à´®àµà´ªà´¨à´¿à´à´³àµà´àµ à´®àµàµ»à´à´¾à´®à´¿."
-#. type: Content of: <h3>
+#. type: Content of: <div><h3>
msgid "Is a program free for every user?"
msgstr "à´à´²àµà´²à´¾ à´à´ªà´¯àµà´àµà´¤à´¾à´àµà´àµ¾à´àµà´àµà´
à´à´°àµ à´ªàµà´°àµà´àµà´°à´¾à´ à´¸àµà´µà´¤à´¨àµà´¤àµà´°à´®à´¾à´£àµ?"
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"If a program is free software when it leaves the hands of its author, this "
"does not necessarily mean it will be free software for everyone who has a "
@@ -764,7 +889,7 @@
"à´ªà´àµ¼à´ªàµà´ªà´µà´à´¾à´¶à´
à´àµà´®à´¤àµà´¤à´¿à´¯à´¿à´àµà´àµà´³àµà´³ à´ªà´àµà´·àµ
ലളിതവàµà´ à´
à´¨àµà´µà´¦à´¨àµà´¯à´µàµà´®à´¾à´¯
സമàµà´®à´¤à´ªà´¤àµà´°à´àµà´àµ¾à´àµà´à´à´¿à´¯à´¿àµ½
വിതരണഠ"
"à´àµà´¯àµà´¤à´¿à´àµà´àµà´³àµà´³ പല à´¸àµà´µà´¤à´¨àµà´¤àµà´°
à´ªàµà´°àµà´àµà´°à´¾à´®àµà´à´³àµà´
പരിഷàµà´à´°à´¿à´àµà´àµàµ à´àµà´¤àµà´¤à´
പതിപàµà´ªàµà´à´³à´¾à´àµà´à´¾àµ» à´
à´¨àµà´µà´¦à´¿à´àµà´àµà´¨àµà´¨àµ. "
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"The paradigmatic example of this problem is the X Window System. Developed "
"at MIT, and released as free software with a permissive license, it was soon "
@@ -778,11 +903,23 @@
"à´¬àµà´¨à´±à´¿ à´°àµà´ªà´¤àµà´¤à´¿àµ½ മാതàµà´°à´,
à´µàµà´³à´¿à´ªàµà´ªàµà´àµà´¤àµà´¤à´¿à´²àµà´²àµà´¨àµà´¨
ധാരണപതàµà´°à´¤àµà´¤à´¿à´¨àµ à´àµà´´à´¿àµ½, X
à´àµàµ¼à´¤àµà´¤àµ. à´
തായതàµàµ, X-"
"à´¨àµà´±àµ à´ à´ªà´àµ¼à´ªàµà´ªàµà´àµ¾
à´¯àµà´£à´¿à´àµà´¸à´¿à´¨àµà´àµà´à´¾àµ¾
à´¸àµà´µà´¤à´¨àµà´¤àµà´°à´®à´¾à´¯
à´¸àµà´«àµà´±àµà´±àµâà´µàµà´¯à´±à´²àµà´²à´¾à´¯à´¿à´°àµà´¨àµà´¨àµ."
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
+# | The developers of the X Window System did not consider this a
+# | problem—they expected and intended this to happen. Their goal was
+# | not freedom, just [-“success”,-] {+“success,”+}
+# | defined as “having many users.” They did not care whether
+# | these users had freedom, only that they should be numerous.
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "The developers of the X Window System did not consider this a "
+#| "problem—they expected and intended this to happen. Their goal was "
+#| "not freedom, just “success”, defined as “having many "
+#| "users.” They did not care whether these users had freedom, only "
+#| "that they should be numerous."
msgid ""
"The developers of the X Window System did not consider this a problem—"
"they expected and intended this to happen. Their goal was not freedom, just "
-"“success”, defined as “having many users.” They did "
+"“success,” defined as “having many users.” They did "
"not care whether these users had freedom, only that they should be numerous."
msgstr ""
"X വിൻഡൠസിസàµà´±àµà´±à´¤àµà´¤à´¿à´¨àµà´±àµ
ഡവലപàµà´ªàµ¼à´®à´¾àµ¼ à´à´¤à´¿à´¨àµ à´à´°àµ
à´ªàµà´°à´¶àµà´¨à´®à´¾à´¯à´¿ പരിà´à´£à´¿à´àµà´à´¿à´²àµà´²—à´
വരിതൠ"
@@ -792,7 +929,7 @@
"à´à´£àµà´à´¾à´¯à´¿à´°àµà´¨àµà´¨àµà´µàµ à´à´¨àµà´¨à´¤àµàµ à´
വർ
à´¶àµà´°à´¦àµà´§à´¿à´àµà´à´¤àµà´¯à´¿à´²àµà´², à´ªà´à´°à´
à´à´ªà´¯àµà´àµà´¤à´¾à´àµà´àµ¾ ധാരാളà´
à´à´£àµà´à´¾à´¯à´¿à´°à´¿à´àµà´à´£à´®àµà´¨àµà´¨àµ "
"മാതàµà´°à´."
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"This led to a paradoxical situation where two different ways of counting the "
"amount of freedom gave different answers to the question, “Is this "
@@ -810,23 +947,34 @@
"à´à´°àµ à´àµà´¤àµà´¤à´
à´¸àµà´«àµà´±àµà´±àµâà´µàµà´¯à´±à´¾à´¯à´¿à´°àµà´¨àµà´¨àµà´µàµà´¨àµà´¨àµ
പറയàµà´£àµà´à´¿à´µà´°àµà´. മിà´àµà´ X
à´à´ªà´¯àµà´àµà´¤à´¾à´àµà´à´³àµà´ à´¯àµà´£à´¿à´àµà´¸àµ "
"സിസàµà´±àµà´±à´àµà´à´³àµà´àµà´ªàµà´ªà´
വനàµà´¨à´¿à´°àµà´¨àµà´¨ à´àµà´¤àµà´¤à´
പതിപàµà´ªàµà´à´³à´¾à´£àµàµ
à´ªàµà´°à´µàµ¼à´¤àµà´¤à´¿à´ªàµà´ªà´¿à´àµà´à´¿à´°àµà´¨àµà´¨à´¤àµàµ,
à´¸àµà´µà´¤à´¨àµà´¤àµà´° പതിപàµà´ªà´²àµà´². "
-#. type: Content of: <h3>
+#. type: Content of: <div><h3>
msgid "Copyleft and the GNU GPL"
msgstr "à´ªà´àµ¼à´ªàµà´ªàµà´ªàµà´àµà´·à´¯àµà´ à´àµà´¨àµ
à´à´¿à´ªà´¿à´à´²àµà´²àµà´"
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
+# | The goal of GNU was to give users freedom, not just to be popular. So we
+# | needed to use distribution terms that would prevent GNU software from
+# | being turned into proprietary software. The method we use is called
+# | [-“copyleft”.(1)-] {+“copyleft” <a
+# | href=\"#ft3\">[3]</a>.+}
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "The goal of GNU was to give users freedom, not just to be popular. So we "
+#| "needed to use distribution terms that would prevent GNU software from "
+#| "being turned into proprietary software. The method we use is called "
+#| "“copyleft”.(1)"
msgid ""
"The goal of GNU was to give users freedom, not just to be popular. So we "
"needed to use distribution terms that would prevent GNU software from being "
"turned into proprietary software. The method we use is called “"
-"copyleft”.(1)"
+"copyleft” <a href=\"#ft3\">[3]</a>."
msgstr ""
"à´àµà´¨àµà´µà´¿à´¨àµà´±àµ à´²à´àµà´·àµà´¯à´
à´à´ªà´¯àµà´àµà´¤à´¾à´àµà´àµ¾à´àµà´àµ
à´¸àµà´µà´¾à´¤à´¨àµà´¤àµà´°àµà´¯à´ നലàµà´àµà´
à´à´¨àµà´¨à´¤à´¾à´¯à´¿à´°àµà´¨àµà´¨àµ, à´
à´²àµà´²à´¾à´¤àµ
à´ªàµà´°à´¶à´¸àµà´¤à´¿ മാതàµà´°à´®à´²àµà´². "
"à´
à´¤àµà´àµà´£àµà´àµàµ à´àµà´¨àµ
à´¸àµà´«àµà´±àµà´±àµâà´µàµà´¯à´±à´¿à´¨àµ à´àµà´¤àµà´¤à´
à´¸àµà´«àµà´±àµà´±àµâà´µàµà´¯à´±à´¾à´àµà´àµà´¨àµà´¨à´¤à´¿àµ½
നിനàµà´¨àµà´ à´¤à´à´¯àµà´µà´¾à´¨à´¾à´¯à´¿ വിതരണ
നിബനàµà´§à´¨à´àµ¾ "
"à´à´ªà´¯àµà´à´¿à´àµà´àµà´£àµà´à´¤àµàµ à´à´µà´¶àµà´¯à´®à´¾à´¯à´¿
വനàµà´¨àµ. “à´ªà´àµ¼à´ªàµà´ªàµà´ªàµà´àµà´·”(1)
à´à´¨àµà´¨à´¾à´£àµàµ à´ à´°àµà´¤à´¿à´¯àµ à´à´àµà´àµ¾ "
"വിളിà´àµà´à´¿à´°àµà´¨àµà´¨à´¤àµàµ. "
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"Copyleft uses copyright law, but flips it over to serve the opposite of its "
"usual purpose: instead of a means for restricting a program, it becomes a "
@@ -836,7 +984,7 @@
"à´à´¦àµà´¦àµà´¶àµà´¯à´àµà´àµ¾à´àµà´àµ
വിപരàµà´¤à´®à´¾à´¯à´¿
à´ªàµà´°à´¯àµà´à´¨à´ªàµà´ªàµà´àµà´¤àµà´¤àµà´¨àµà´¨àµ: à´à´°àµ
à´ªàµà´°àµà´àµà´°à´¾à´
നിയനàµà´¤àµà´°à´¿à´àµà´àµà´¨àµà´¨à´¤à´¿à´¨àµà´³àµà´³
à´à´ªà´¾à´§à´¿à´àµà´àµ "
"à´ªà´à´°à´ à´à´¤àµàµ à´ªàµà´°àµà´àµà´°à´¾à´®à´¿à´¨àµ
à´¸àµà´µà´¤à´¨àµà´¤àµà´°à´®à´¾à´¯à´¿
à´¸àµà´àµà´·à´¿à´àµà´àµà´¨àµà´¨à´¤à´¿à´¨àµà´³àµà´³
à´à´ªà´¾à´§à´¿à´¯à´¾à´¯à´¿ മാറി."
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"The central idea of copyleft is that we give everyone permission to run the "
"program, copy the program, modify the program, and distribute modified "
@@ -850,7 +998,7 @@
"à´¸àµà´«àµà´±àµà´±àµâà´µàµà´¯à´±à´¿”à´¨àµ
നിർവàµà´µà´à´¿à´àµà´àµà´¨àµà´¨
നിർണàµà´£à´¾à´¯à´à´®à´¾à´¯
à´¸àµà´µà´¾à´¤à´¨àµà´¤àµà´°àµà´¯à´àµà´àµ¾ à´à´°àµ
à´ªà´àµ¼à´ªàµà´ªàµàµ à´àµà´µà´¶à´®àµà´³àµà´³ "
"à´à´²àµà´²à´¾à´µàµ¼à´àµà´àµà´
à´à´±à´ªàµà´ªàµà´µà´°àµà´¤àµà´¤àµà´¨àµà´¨àµ; à´
à´µ à´
à´¨àµà´¯à´¾à´§àµà´¨à´ªàµà´ªàµà´àµà´¤àµà´¤à´¾àµ»
സാധിà´àµà´à´¾à´¤àµà´¤ à´
à´µà´à´¾à´¶à´àµà´à´³à´¾à´¯à´¿
മാറàµà´¨àµà´¨àµ."
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"For an effective copyleft, modified versions must also be free. This "
"ensures that work based on ours becomes available to our community if it is "
@@ -867,7 +1015,7 @@
"പതിപàµà´ªàµà´£àµà´à´¾à´àµà´àµà´µà´¾à´¨à´¾à´¯à´¿
à´à´àµà´àµ¾ à´à´µ à´à´ªà´¯àµà´à´¿à´àµà´àµà´µà´¾àµ»
à´ªàµà´àµà´à´¯à´¾à´£àµàµ” à´à´¨àµà´¨àµ
പറയàµà´¨àµà´¨à´¤à´¿àµ½ നിനàµà´¨àµà´ "
"വിലà´àµà´àµà´¨àµà´¨à´¤àµàµ."
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"The requirement that changes must be free is essential if we want to ensure "
"freedom for every user of the program. The companies that privatized the X "
@@ -884,7 +1032,7 @@
"നിരസിà´àµà´à´¾à´¨àµà´³àµà´³
à´à´´à´¿à´à´´à´¿à´µàµà´àµà´à´¿àµ½,
à´àµ¼à´àµà´àµà´µàµà´£à´®àµà´àµà´à´¿à´²àµà´
à´à´³àµà´ªàµà´ªà´¤àµà´¤à´¿àµ½ à´ à´à´´à´¿à´à´´à´¿à´µà´¿àµ½
à´à´¾à´°àµà´¯à´²à´¾à´à´ "
"à´¨àµà´à´¾à´®à´¾à´¯à´¿à´°àµà´¨àµà´¨àµ."
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"A related issue concerns combining a free program with nonfree code. Such a "
"combination would inevitably be nonfree; whichever freedoms are lacking for "
@@ -903,13 +1051,27 @@
"à´àµà´¯àµà´¯àµà´®àµà´ªàµàµ¾, നിർബനàµà´§à´®à´¾à´¯àµà´ à´
വലിയ à´¸à´à´¯àµà´à´¿à´ªàµà´ªà´¿à´àµà´à´¤à´¿à´¨àµ
à´¶àµà´·à´®àµà´³àµà´³ പതിപàµà´ªàµà´
à´¸àµà´µà´¤à´¨àµà´¤àµà´°à´µàµà´ "
"à´ªà´àµ¼à´ªàµà´ªàµà´ªàµà´àµà´·à´¯àµà´àµ
à´àµà´à´¿à´¯à´¤àµà´®à´¾à´¯à´¿à´°à´¿à´àµà´à´£à´."
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
+# | The specific implementation of copyleft that we use for most GNU software
+# | is the GNU General Public License, or GNU GPL for short. We have other
+# | kinds of copyleft that are used in specific circumstances. GNU manuals
+# | are copylefted also, but use a much simpler kind of copyleft, because the
+# | complexity of the GNU GPL is not necessary for [-manuals.(2)-]
+# | {+manuals. <a href=\"#ft4\">[4]</a>+}
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "The specific implementation of copyleft that we use for most GNU software "
+#| "is the GNU General Public License, or GNU GPL for short. We have other "
+#| "kinds of copyleft that are used in specific circumstances. GNU manuals "
+#| "are copylefted also, but use a much simpler kind of copyleft, because the "
+#| "complexity of the GNU GPL is not necessary for manuals.(2)"
msgid ""
"The specific implementation of copyleft that we use for most GNU software is "
"the GNU General Public License, or GNU GPL for short. We have other kinds "
"of copyleft that are used in specific circumstances. GNU manuals are "
"copylefted also, but use a much simpler kind of copyleft, because the "
-"complexity of the GNU GPL is not necessary for manuals.(2)"
+"complexity of the GNU GPL is not necessary for manuals. <a href="
+"\"#ft4\">[4]</a>"
msgstr ""
"à´à´àµà´àµà´®à´¿à´àµà´ à´àµà´¨àµ
à´¸àµà´«àµà´±àµà´±àµâà´µàµà´¯à´±à´¿à´¨àµà´µàµà´£àµà´à´¿à´¯àµà´
à´à´àµà´àµ¾ à´à´ªà´¯àµà´à´¿à´àµà´àµà´¨àµà´¨
à´ªà´àµ¼à´ªàµà´ªàµà´ªàµà´àµà´·à´¯àµà´àµ à´ªàµà´°à´¤àµà´¯àµà´
à´ªàµà´°à´¾à´¯àµà´à´¿à´ "
"à´°àµà´ªà´®à´¾à´£àµàµ à´àµà´¨àµ à´à´¨à´±àµ½ പബàµà´²à´¿à´àµ à´
à´¨àµà´®à´¤à´¿âപതàµà´°à´, à´
à´²àµà´²àµà´àµà´à´¿àµ½ à´àµà´¨àµ
à´à´¿à´ªà´¿à´àµ½ à´à´¨àµà´¨àµ à´àµà´°àµà´àµà´à´¤àµà´¤à´¿àµ½.
à´à´¿à´² à´ªàµà´°à´¤àµà´¯àµà´ "
@@ -918,36 +1080,34 @@
"à´ªà´àµ¼à´ªàµà´ªàµà´ªàµà´àµà´·à´¯à´¾à´£àµàµ
à´à´ªà´¯àµà´à´¿à´àµà´àµà´¨àµà´¨à´¤àµàµ, à´à´¾à´°à´£à´ à´àµà´¨àµ
à´à´¿à´ªà´¿à´à´²àµà´²à´¿à´¨àµà´±àµ à´¸à´àµà´àµàµ¼à´£àµà´£à´¤
സഹായരàµà´à´àµ¾à´àµà´àµàµ à´à´µà´¶àµà´¯à´®à´¿à´²àµà´²."
"(2)"
-#. type: Content of: <p>
-msgid ""
-"(1) In 1984 or 1985, Don Hopkins (a very imaginative fellow) mailed me a "
-"letter. On the envelope he had written several amusing sayings, including "
-"this one: “Copyleft—all rights reversed.” I used the word "
-"“copyleft” to name the distribution concept I was developing at "
-"the time."
-msgstr ""
-"(1) 1984-ലൠ1985-à´²àµ, à´¡àµàµº à´¹àµà´ªàµà´à´¿àµ»à´¸àµ
(വളരൠà´à´¾à´µà´¨à´¾à´¤àµà´®à´à´¤à´¯àµà´àµà´àµà´à´¿à´¯
à´à´°àµ à´à´àµà´à´¾à´¤à´¿) à´à´¨à´¿à´àµà´àµà´°àµ "
-"à´à´¤àµà´¤à´¯à´àµà´àµ. à´à´µà´±à´¿à´¨àµ à´®àµà´à´³à´¿àµ½
à´°à´¸à´à´°à´®à´¾à´¯ പല വാà´àµà´¯à´àµà´à´³àµà´ à´
യാൾ
à´à´´àµà´¤à´¿à´¯à´¿à´àµà´àµà´£àµà´à´¾à´¯à´¿à´°àµà´¨àµà´¨àµ, à´
തിലàµà´¨àµà´¨à´¾à´£à´¿à´¤àµàµ: "
-"“Copyleft—all rights reversed. “copyleft”
à´à´¨àµà´¨ വാà´àµà´àµàµ à´ "
-"സമയതàµà´¤àµ à´à´¾àµ» വിà´à´¸à´¿à´ªàµà´ªà´¿à´àµà´àµ
à´àµà´£àµà´à´¿à´°àµà´¨àµà´¨ à´à´°àµ വിതരണ
à´à´¶à´¯à´¤àµà´¤à´¿à´¨àµ à´ªàµà´°à´¿à´à´¾àµ» à´à´¾àµ»
à´à´ªà´¯àµà´à´¿à´àµà´àµ."
-
-#. type: Content of: <p>
-msgid ""
-"(2) We now use the <a href=\"/licenses/fdl.html\">GNU Free Documentation "
-"License</a> for documentation."
-msgstr ""
-"(2) à´¡àµà´àµà´¯àµà´®àµà´¨àµà´±àµà´·à´¨àµ à´µàµà´£àµà´à´¿ <a
href=\"/licenses/fdl.html\">à´àµà´¨àµ à´¸àµà´µà´¤à´¨àµà´¤àµà´°
à´¡àµà´àµà´¯àµà´®àµà´¨àµà´±àµà´·àµ» "
-"à´
à´¨àµà´®à´¤à´¿à´ªà´¤àµà´°à´</a> à´à´£àµàµ à´à´àµà´àµ¾
à´à´ªàµà´ªàµàµ¾ à´à´ªà´¯àµà´à´¿à´àµà´àµà´¨àµà´¨à´¤àµàµ."
-
-#. type: Content of: <h3>
+#. type: Content of: <div><h3>
msgid "The Free Software Foundation"
msgstr "à´¸àµà´µà´¤à´¨àµà´¤àµà´° à´¸àµà´«àµà´±àµà´±àµâà´µàµà´¯àµ¼
à´ªàµà´°à´¸àµà´¥à´¾à´¨à´"
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
+# | As interest in using Emacs was growing, other people became involved in
+# | the GNU project, and we decided that it was time to seek funding once
+# | again. So in 1985 we created the <a
+# | href=\"http{+s+}://www.fsf.org/\">Free Software Foundation</a> (FSF), a
+# | tax-exempt charity for free software development. The <abbr title=\"Free
+# | Software Foundation\">FSF</abbr> also took over the Emacs tape
+# | distribution business; later it extended this by adding other free
+# | software (both GNU and non-GNU) to the tape, and by selling free manuals
+# | as well.
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "As interest in using Emacs was growing, other people became involved in "
+#| "the GNU project, and we decided that it was time to seek funding once "
+#| "again. So in 1985 we created the <a href=\"http://www.fsf.org/\";>Free "
+#| "Software Foundation</a> (FSF), a tax-exempt charity for free software "
+#| "development. The <abbr title=\"Free Software Foundation\">FSF</abbr> "
+#| "also took over the Emacs tape distribution business; later it extended "
+#| "this by adding other free software (both GNU and non-GNU) to the tape, "
+#| "and by selling free manuals as well."
msgid ""
"As interest in using Emacs was growing, other people became involved in the "
"GNU project, and we decided that it was time to seek funding once again. So "
-"in 1985 we created the <a href=\"http://www.fsf.org/\";>Free Software "
+"in 1985 we created the <a href=\"https://www.fsf.org/\";>Free Software "
"Foundation</a> (FSF), a tax-exempt charity for free software development. "
"The <abbr title=\"Free Software Foundation\">FSF</abbr> also took over the "
"Emacs tape distribution business; later it extended this by adding other "
@@ -963,16 +1123,37 @@
"(à´àµà´¨àµà´µàµà´ à´àµà´¨àµ à´
à´²àµà´²à´¾à´¤àµà´¤à´¤àµà´) à´
à´àµà´ªàµà´ªà´¿àµ½ à´àµàµ¼à´¤àµà´¤àµàµ à´à´¤àµ
വിപàµà´²àµà´à´°à´¿à´àµà´àµ, മാതàµà´°à´®à´²àµà´²
à´¸àµà´µà´¤à´¨àµà´¤àµà´° "
"സഹായരàµà´à´à´³àµà´àµà´¯àµà´ വിലàµà´ªà´¨
à´¨à´à´¤àµà´¤à´¿."
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
+# | Most of the FSF's income used to come from sales of copies of free
+# | software and of other related services (CD-ROMs of source code, CD-ROMs
+# | with binaries, nicely printed manuals, all with the freedom to
+# | redistribute and modify), and Deluxe Distributions (distributions for
+# | which we built the whole collection of software for the customer's choice
+# | of platform). Today the FSF still <a href=\"http{+s+}://shop.fsf.org/\">
+# | sells manuals and other gear</a>, but it gets the bulk of its funding from
+# | members' dues. You can join the FSF at <a
+# | [-href=\"http://fsf.org/join\";>fsf.org</a>.-]
+# | {+href=\"https://my.fsf.org/join\";>fsf.org</a>.+}
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "Most of the FSF's income used to come from sales of copies of free "
+#| "software and of other related services (CD-ROMs of source code, CD-ROMs "
+#| "with binaries, nicely printed manuals, all with the freedom to "
+#| "redistribute and modify), and Deluxe Distributions (distributions for "
+#| "which we built the whole collection of software for the customer's choice "
+#| "of platform). Today the FSF still <a href=\"http://shop.fsf.org/\";> "
+#| "sells manuals and other gear</a>, but it gets the bulk of its funding "
+#| "from members' dues. You can join the FSF at <a href=\"http://fsf.org/join";
+#| "\">fsf.org</a>."
msgid ""
"Most of the FSF's income used to come from sales of copies of free software "
"and of other related services (CD-ROMs of source code, CD-ROMs with "
"binaries, nicely printed manuals, all with the freedom to redistribute and "
"modify), and Deluxe Distributions (distributions for which we built the "
"whole collection of software for the customer's choice of platform). Today "
-"the FSF still <a href=\"http://shop.fsf.org/\";> sells manuals and other "
+"the FSF still <a href=\"https://shop.fsf.org/\";> sells manuals and other "
"gear</a>, but it gets the bulk of its funding from members' dues. You can "
-"join the FSF at <a href=\"http://fsf.org/join\";>fsf.org</a>."
+"join the FSF at <a href=\"https://my.fsf.org/join\";>fsf.org</a>."
msgstr ""
"à´à´«àµà´à´¸àµà´à´«à´¿à´¨àµà´±àµ
വരàµà´®à´¾à´¨à´¤àµà´¤à´¿à´¨àµà´±àµ à´àµà´°à´¿à´à´¾à´à´µàµà´
à´¸àµà´µà´¤à´¨àµà´¤àµà´°
à´¸àµà´«àµà´±àµà´±àµâà´µàµà´¯à´±à´¿à´¨àµà´±àµ
à´ªà´àµ¼à´ªàµà´ªàµà´à´³àµà´àµ വിലàµà´ªà´¨à´¯à´¿àµ½ "
"നിനàµà´¨àµà´ മറàµà´±àµ ബനàµà´§à´ªàµà´ªàµà´àµà´
à´¸àµà´µà´¨à´àµà´à´³à´¿àµ½ നിനàµà´¨àµà´ (à´¸àµà´´àµà´¸àµ
à´àµà´¡àµà´à´³à´à´àµà´à´¿à´¯ CD-ROM à´àµ¾,
à´¬àµà´¨à´±à´¿à´à´³àµà´àµ "
@@ -984,7 +1165,24 @@
"à´¸à´à´à´¾à´µà´¨à´à´³à´¿àµ½ നിനàµà´¨àµà´®à´¾à´£àµàµ
à´²à´à´¿à´àµà´àµà´¨àµà´¨à´¤àµàµ. നിà´àµà´àµ¾à´àµà´àµàµ <a
href=\"http://fsf.org/join\";>fsf."
"org</a> à´à´¨àµà´¨à´¿à´à´¤àµà´¤àµàµ à´à´«àµà´à´¸àµà´à´«à´¿àµ½
à´àµà´°à´¾à´µàµà´¨àµà´¨à´¤à´¾à´£àµàµ."
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
+# | Free Software Foundation employees have written and maintained a number of
+# | GNU software packages. Two notable ones are the C library and the shell.
+# | The GNU C library is what every program running on a GNU/Linux system uses
+# | to communicate with Linux. It was developed by a member of the Free
+# | Software Foundation staff, Roland McGrath. The shell used on most
+# | GNU/Linux systems is <abbr title=\"Bourne Again Shell\">BASH</abbr>, the
+# | Bourne Again [-Shell(1),-] {+SHell <a href=\"#ft5\">[5]</a>,+} which
+# | was developed by FSF employee Brian Fox.
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "Free Software Foundation employees have written and maintained a number "
+#| "of GNU software packages. Two notable ones are the C library and the "
+#| "shell. The GNU C library is what every program running on a GNU/Linux "
+#| "system uses to communicate with Linux. It was developed by a member of "
+#| "the Free Software Foundation staff, Roland McGrath. The shell used on "
+#| "most GNU/Linux systems is <abbr title=\"Bourne Again Shell\">BASH</abbr>, "
+#| "the Bourne Again Shell(1), which was developed by FSF employee Brian Fox."
msgid ""
"Free Software Foundation employees have written and maintained a number of "
"GNU software packages. Two notable ones are the C library and the shell. "
@@ -992,7 +1190,8 @@
"to communicate with Linux. It was developed by a member of the Free "
"Software Foundation staff, Roland McGrath. The shell used on most GNU/Linux "
"systems is <abbr title=\"Bourne Again Shell\">BASH</abbr>, the Bourne Again "
-"Shell(1), which was developed by FSF employee Brian Fox."
+"SHell <a href=\"#ft5\">[5]</a>, which was developed by FSF employee "
+"Brian Fox."
msgstr ""
"à´¸àµà´µà´¤à´¨àµà´¤àµà´° à´¸àµà´«àµà´±àµà´±àµâà´µàµà´¯àµ¼
à´ªàµà´°à´¸àµà´¥à´¾à´¨à´¤àµà´¤à´¿à´¨àµà´±àµ à´àµà´µà´¨à´àµà´à´¾àµ¼
à´à´°àµà´ªà´¾à´àµàµ à´àµà´¨àµ à´¸àµà´«àµà´±àµà´±àµâà´µàµà´¯àµ¼
പാà´àµà´àµà´àµà´àµ¾ à´à´´àµà´¤à´¿à´¯à´¿à´àµà´àµà´ "
"പരിപാലിà´àµà´à´¿à´àµà´àµà´®àµà´£àµà´àµàµ. C
à´²àµà´¬àµà´°à´±à´¿à´¯àµà´ à´·àµà´²àµà´²àµà´ à´à´£àµàµ
à´¶àµà´°à´¦àµà´§àµà´¯à´®à´¾à´¯ à´°à´£àµà´àµà´£àµà´£à´.
à´àµà´¨àµ/ലിനà´àµà´¸àµ സിസàµà´±àµà´±à´¤àµà´¤à´¿àµ½ "
@@ -1002,7 +1201,7 @@
"Again Shell\">BASH</abbr> à´à´£àµàµ, à´¬àµàµ¼àµº à´à´àµàµ»
à´·àµàµ½(1), à´à´«àµà´à´¸àµà´à´«àµ à´àµà´µà´¨à´àµà´à´¾à´°à´¨à´¾à´¯
à´¬àµà´°à´¯à´¾àµ» à´«àµà´àµà´¸àµ "
"à´à´£àµàµ à´à´¤àµ âഡവലപàµà´ªàµ à´àµà´¯àµà´¤à´¤àµàµ."
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"We funded development of these programs because the GNU Project was not just "
"about tools or a development environment. Our goal was a complete operating "
@@ -1012,19 +1211,11 @@
"à´µàµà´£àµà´à´¿à´¯àµ à´
à´²àµà´²àµà´àµà´à´¿àµ½ à´à´°àµ
ഡവലപàµà´®àµà´¨àµà´±àµ à´àµà´±àµà´±àµà´ªà´¾à´à´¿à´¨àµ
à´µàµà´£àµà´à´¿à´¯àµ മാതàµà´°à´®à´¾à´¯à´¿à´°àµà´¨àµà´¨à´¿à´²àµà´²
à´à´¨àµà´¨à´¤àµà´àµà´£àµà´à´¾à´£àµàµ. "
"à´à´àµà´à´³àµà´àµ à´²à´àµà´·àµà´¯à´ à´à´°àµ
സമàµà´ªàµàµ¼à´£ à´à´ªàµà´ªà´±àµà´±àµà´±à´¿à´àµ
സിസàµà´±àµà´±à´®à´¾à´¯à´¿à´°àµà´¨àµà´¨àµ, à´
à´ªàµà´°àµà´àµà´°à´¾à´®àµà´àµ¾ à´
തിനാവശàµà´¯à´µàµà´®à´¾à´¯à´¿à´°àµà´¨àµà´¨àµ."
-#. type: Content of: <p>
-msgid ""
-"(1) “Bourne Again Shell” is a play on the name “Bourne "
-"Shell”, which was the usual shell on Unix."
-msgstr ""
-"(1) “à´¬àµàµ¼àµº à´à´àµàµ» à´·àµàµ½ (Bourne Again Shell)”
à´à´¨àµà´¨à´¤àµàµ à´¯àµà´£à´¿à´àµà´¸à´¿àµ½
സാധാരണയായി "
-"à´à´£àµà´à´¾à´¯à´¿à´°àµà´¨àµà´¨ à´·àµàµ½ à´à´¯ “à´¬àµàµ¼àµº
à´·àµàµ½” à´à´¨àµà´¨ à´ªàµà´°à´¿à´²àµà´³àµà´³ à´à´°àµ
à´à´³à´¿à´¯à´¾à´£àµàµ."
-
-#. type: Content of: <h3>
+#. type: Content of: <div><h3>
msgid "Free software support"
msgstr "à´¸àµà´µà´¤à´¨àµà´¤àµà´° à´¸àµà´«àµà´±àµà´±àµâà´µàµà´¯àµ¼
പിനàµà´¤àµà´£"
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"The free software philosophy rejects a specific widespread business "
"practice, but it is not against business. When businesses respect the "
@@ -1034,7 +1225,7 @@
"നിരസിà´àµà´àµà´¨àµà´¨àµ, à´à´¨àµà´¨à´¾àµ½ à´à´¤àµàµ
à´µàµà´¯à´¾à´ªà´¾à´°à´¤àµà´¤à´¿à´¨àµàµ à´à´¤à´¿à´°à´²àµà´².
à´µàµà´¯à´¾à´ªà´¾à´°à´ à´à´ªà´¯àµà´àµà´¤à´¾à´àµà´à´³àµà´àµ
à´¸àµà´µà´¾à´¤à´¨àµà´¤àµà´°àµà´¯à´¤àµà´¤àµ "
"ബഹàµà´®à´¾à´¨à´¿à´àµà´àµà´®àµà´ªàµàµ¾ à´à´àµà´àµ¾ à´
വർà´àµà´àµàµ വിà´à´¯à´ à´¨àµà´°àµà´¨àµà´¨àµ."
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"Selling copies of Emacs demonstrates one kind of free software business. "
"When the FSF took over that business, I needed another way to make a "
@@ -1050,7 +1241,7 @@
"à´à´·àµà´à´¾à´¨àµà´¸à´°à´£à´ മാറàµà´±à´¾à´ à´à´¨àµà´¨àµ
വിഷയà´àµà´àµ¾ പഠിപàµà´ªà´¿à´àµà´àµà´,
à´¸àµà´«àµà´±àµà´±àµâà´µàµà´¯àµ¼ ഡവലപàµà´®àµà´¨àµà´±àµ,
à´àµà´àµà´¤à´²àµà´ à´à´¿à´¸à´¿à´¸à´¿ "
"à´ªàµà´¤à´¿à´¯
à´ªàµà´²à´¾à´±àµà´±àµà´«àµà´®àµà´àµ¾à´àµà´àµà´µàµà´£àµà´à´¿
à´ªàµàµ¼à´àµà´àµ à´àµà´¯àµà´¯àµ½, à´à´¨àµà´¨à´¿à´µ à´à´¤à´¿àµ½
à´àµ¾à´ªàµà´ªàµà´àµà´¨àµà´¨àµ."
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"Today each of these kinds of free software business is practiced by a number "
"of corporations. Some distribute free software collections on CD-ROM; "
@@ -1065,14 +1256,33 @@
"സമരà´à´à´¿à´àµà´àµà´¨àµà´¨à´¤à´¿à´¨àµà´±àµ à´
à´à´¿à´¸àµà´¥à´¾à´¨à´¤àµà´¤à´¿à´²àµà´³àµà´³ à´¸àµà´µà´¤à´¨àµà´¤àµà´°
à´¸àµà´«àµà´±àµà´±àµâà´µàµà´¯àµ¼ à´à´®àµà´ªà´¨à´¿à´àµ¾ വരàµ
നമàµà´®àµ¾ à´à´¾à´£à´¾àµ» "
"à´¤àµà´à´àµà´à´¿à´¯à´¿à´°à´¿à´àµà´àµà´¨àµà´¨àµ."
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
+# | Watch out, though—a number of companies that associate themselves
+# | with the term “open source” actually base their business on
+# | nonfree software that works with free software. These are not free
+# | software companies, they are proprietary software companies whose products
+# | tempt users away from freedom. They call these programs
+# | “value-added [-packages”,-] {+packages,”+} which shows
+# | the values they would like us to adopt: convenience above freedom. If we
+# | value freedom more, we should call them “freedom-subtracted”
+# | packages.
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "Watch out, though—a number of companies that associate themselves "
+#| "with the term “open source” actually base their business on "
+#| "nonfree software that works with free software. These are not free "
+#| "software companies, they are proprietary software companies whose "
+#| "products tempt users away from freedom. They call these programs “"
+#| "value-added packages”, which shows the values they would like us to "
+#| "adopt: convenience above freedom. If we value freedom more, we should "
+#| "call them “freedom-subtracted” packages."
msgid ""
"Watch out, though—a number of companies that associate themselves with "
"the term “open source” actually base their business on nonfree "
"software that works with free software. These are not free software "
"companies, they are proprietary software companies whose products tempt "
"users away from freedom. They call these programs “value-added "
-"packages”, which shows the values they would like us to adopt: "
+"packages,” which shows the values they would like us to adopt: "
"convenience above freedom. If we value freedom more, we should call them "
"“freedom-subtracted” packages."
msgstr ""
@@ -1085,11 +1295,11 @@
"à´¸àµà´µà´¾à´¤à´¨àµà´¤àµà´°àµà´¯à´¤àµà´¤à´¿à´¨àµ à´®àµà´à´³à´¿àµ½
à´¸àµàµà´à´°àµà´¯à´. നമàµà´®àµ¾
à´¸àµà´µà´¾à´¤à´¨àµà´¤àµà´°àµà´¯à´¤àµà´¤à´¿à´¨à´¾à´£àµàµ
à´àµà´àµà´¤àµ½ à´®àµà´²àµà´¯à´
à´à´²àµà´ªà´¿à´àµà´àµà´¨àµà´¨à´¤àµà´àµà´à´¿àµ½, "
"നമàµà´®àµ¾ à´
വയൠ“à´¸àµà´µà´¾à´¤à´¨àµà´¤àµà´°àµà´¯
à´µàµà´¯à´µà´à´²à´¨” പാà´àµà´àµà´àµà´àµ¾ à´à´¨àµà´¨àµ
വിളിà´àµà´à´£à´."
-#. type: Content of: <h3>
+#. type: Content of: <div><h3>
msgid "Technical goals"
msgstr "സാà´àµà´àµà´¤à´¿à´ à´²à´àµà´·àµà´¯à´àµà´àµ¾"
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"The principal goal of GNU is to be free software. Even if GNU had no "
"technical advantage over Unix, it would have a social advantage, allowing "
@@ -1100,7 +1310,7 @@
"à´¨àµà´àµà´à´ à´
തിനàµà´£àµà´à´¾à´àµà´,
മാതàµà´°à´®à´²àµà´² à´à´ªà´¯àµà´àµà´¤à´¾à´àµà´à´³àµà´àµ
à´¸àµà´µà´¾à´¤à´¨àµà´¤àµà´°àµà´¯à´¤àµà´¤àµ
ബഹàµà´®à´¾à´¨à´¿à´àµà´àµà´àµà´£àµà´àµà´³àµà´³
ധാർമàµà´®à´¿à´ "
"à´¨àµà´àµà´à´µàµà´."
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"But it was natural to apply the known standards of good practice to the "
"work—for example, dynamically allocating data structures to avoid "
@@ -1112,7 +1322,7 @@
"à´à´´à´¿à´µà´¾à´àµà´à´¾à´¨à´¾à´¯à´¿ ഡാറàµà´±
à´¸àµà´àµà´°à´àµà´à´±àµà´à´³àµ ഡയനാമിà´àµ à´à´¯à´¿
വിനിയàµà´à´¿à´àµà´àµ, à´àµà´à´¾à´¤àµ à´
ർതàµà´¥à´µà´¤àµà´¤à´¾à´¯ "
"à´à´à´àµà´à´³à´¿à´²àµà´²àµà´²à´¾à´ സാധàµà´¯à´®à´¾à´¯
à´à´²àµà´²à´¾ 8-ബിറàµà´±àµ à´àµà´¡àµà´à´³àµà´
à´àµà´à´¾à´°àµà´¯à´ à´àµà´¯àµà´¤àµ."
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"In addition, we rejected the Unix focus on small memory size, by deciding "
"not to support 16-bit machines (it was clear that 32-bit machines would be "
@@ -1130,7 +1340,7 @@
"à´àµà´¯àµà´¯à´¾à´¨àµà´ à´à´¨àµà´¨à´¿à´àµà´àµàµ I/O-à´¨àµ
à´àµà´±à´¿à´àµà´àµàµ à´à´¶à´àµà´à´ªàµà´ªàµà´à´¾à´¤àµ à´
തിനàµà´±àµ à´à´³àµà´³à´à´àµà´à´¤àµà´¤àµ à´¸àµà´à´¾àµ»
à´àµà´¯àµà´¯à´¾à´¨àµà´ à´à´àµà´àµ¾ "
"à´ªàµà´°àµà´àµà´°à´¾à´®àµ¼à´®à´¾à´°àµ
à´ªàµà´°àµà´¤àµà´¸à´¾à´¹à´¿à´ªàµà´ªà´¿à´àµà´àµ. "
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"These decisions enabled many GNU programs to surpass their Unix counterparts "
"in reliability and speed."
@@ -1138,11 +1348,11 @@
"à´ à´¤àµà´°àµà´®à´¾à´¨à´àµà´àµ¾ പല à´àµà´¨àµ
à´ªàµà´°àµà´àµà´°à´¾à´®àµà´à´³àµà´¯àµà´ à´¯àµà´£à´¿à´àµà´¸à´¿àµ½
à´à´¤àµ à´à´¾à´°àµà´¯à´¤àµà´¤à´¿à´¨àµà´ªà´¯àµà´à´¿à´àµà´àµà´¨àµà´¨
à´ªàµà´°àµà´àµà´°à´¾à´®àµà´à´³àµ "
"വിശàµà´µà´¾à´¸àµà´¯à´¤à´¯à´¿à´²àµà´ à´µàµà´à´¤à´¯à´¿à´²àµà´
മറിà´à´à´àµà´à´¾àµ» à´¯àµà´àµà´¯à´®à´¾à´àµà´à´¿."
-#. type: Content of: <h3>
+#. type: Content of: <div><h3>
msgid "Donated computers"
msgstr "à´¸à´à´à´¾à´µà´¨ à´àµà´¯àµà´¤
à´à´à´ªàµà´¯àµà´àµà´à´±àµà´àµ¾"
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"As the GNU Project's reputation grew, people began offering to donate "
"machines running Unix to the project. These were very useful, because the "
@@ -1156,7 +1366,7 @@
"മാറàµà´±à´¿ à´µàµà´àµà´àµà´à´¯àµà´®à´¾à´¯à´¿à´°àµà´¨àµà´¨àµ.
à´ªà´àµà´·àµ à´
à´µ ധാർമàµà´®à´¿à´à´®à´¾à´¯ à´à´°àµ
à´ªàµà´°à´¶àµà´¨à´®àµà´¯àµ¼à´¤àµà´¤à´¿:
à´¯àµà´£à´¿à´àµà´¸à´¿à´¨àµà´±àµ à´à´°àµ à´ªà´àµ¼à´ªàµà´ªàµàµ "
"à´à´àµà´à´³àµà´àµ
à´ªà´àµà´à´²àµà´£àµà´à´¾à´¯à´¿à´°à´¿à´àµà´àµà´¨àµà´¨à´¤àµàµ
തനàµà´¨àµ ശരിയാണàµ. "
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"Unix was (and is) proprietary software, and the GNU Project's philosophy "
"said that we should not use proprietary software. But, applying the same "
@@ -1171,7 +1381,7 @@
"à´à´ªà´¯àµà´à´¿à´àµà´àµà´¨àµà´¨à´¤àµ നിർതàµà´¤àµà´µà´¾àµ»
സഹായിà´àµà´àµà´¨àµà´¨ നിർണàµà´£à´¾à´¯à´à´®à´¾à´¯
à´à´°àµ à´¸àµà´µà´¤à´¨àµà´¤àµà´° ബദൽ ഡവലപàµà´ªàµ
à´àµà´¯àµà´¯àµà´¨àµà´¨à´¤à´¿à´¨àµàµ à´à´°àµ "
"à´àµà´¤àµà´¤à´ പാà´àµà´àµà´àµ
à´à´ªà´¯àµà´à´¿à´àµà´àµà´¨àµà´¨à´¤àµ
à´¨àµà´¯à´¾à´¯à´®à´¾à´£àµà´¨àµà´¨ നിà´à´®à´¨à´¤àµà´¤à´¿àµ½
à´à´¾à´¨àµà´¤àµà´¤à´¿."
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"But, even if this was a justifiable evil, it was still an evil. Today we no "
"longer have any copies of Unix, because we have replaced them with free "
@@ -1183,11 +1393,11 @@
"à´
വയàµà´àµà´àµ à´ªà´à´°à´ à´µàµà´àµà´àµ. à´à´°àµ
à´®àµà´·àµà´¨à´¿à´²àµ à´à´ªàµà´ªà´±àµà´±àµà´±à´¿à´àµ
സിസàµà´±àµà´±à´ à´à´°àµ à´¸àµà´µà´¤à´¨àµà´¤àµà´°
സിസàµà´±àµà´±à´ à´à´ªà´¯àµà´à´¿à´àµà´àµ à´ªà´à´°à´ "
"à´µàµà´àµà´à´¾àµ» à´à´àµà´àµ¾à´àµà´àµ
à´à´´à´¿à´àµà´à´¿à´²àµà´²àµà´àµà´à´¿àµ½, à´à´àµà´àµ¾ à´
à´®àµà´·àµà´¨à´¿à´¨àµ തനàµà´¨àµ മാറàµà´±à´¿. "
-#. type: Content of: <h3>
+#. type: Content of: <div><h3>
msgid "The GNU Task List"
msgstr "à´àµà´¨àµ à´à´¾à´¸àµà´àµ à´ªà´àµà´à´¿à´"
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"As the GNU Project proceeded, and increasing numbers of system components "
"were found or developed, eventually it became useful to make a list of the "
@@ -1205,13 +1415,27 @@
"à´à´¿à´¨àµà´¤à´¿à´àµà´à´¿à´°àµà´¨àµà´¨ ധാരാളà´
മറàµà´±àµàµ à´à´ªà´¯àµà´à´ªàµà´°à´¦à´®à´¾à´¯
à´¸àµà´«àµà´±àµà´±àµâà´µàµà´¯à´±àµà´à´³àµà´
à´¡àµà´àµà´¯àµà´®àµà´¨àµà´±àµà´·àµ» à´¸à´à´°à´à´à´àµà´à´³àµà´
à´à´àµà´àµ¾ "
"à´ªà´àµà´à´¿à´à´ªàµà´ªàµà´àµà´¤àµà´¤à´¿."
-#. type: Content of: <p>
-msgid ""
-"Today (1), hardly any Unix components are left in the GNU Task List—"
-"those jobs had been done, aside from a few inessential ones. But the list "
-"is full of projects that some might call “applications”. Any "
-"program that appeals to more than a narrow class of users would be a useful "
-"thing to add to an operating system."
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
+# | [-Today (1),-]{+Today <a href=\"#ft6\">[6]</a>,+} hardly any Unix
+# | components are left in the GNU Task List—those jobs had been done,
+# | aside from a few inessential ones. But the list is full of projects that
+# | some might call [-“applications”.-]
+# | {+“applications.”+} Any program that appeals to more than a
+# | narrow class of users would be a useful thing to add to an operating
+# | system.
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "Today (1), hardly any Unix components are left in the GNU Task List—"
+#| "those jobs had been done, aside from a few inessential ones. But the "
+#| "list is full of projects that some might call “"
+#| "applications”. Any program that appeals to more than a narrow "
+#| "class of users would be a useful thing to add to an operating system."
+msgid ""
+"Today <a href=\"#ft6\">[6]</a>, hardly any Unix components are left in "
+"the GNU Task List—those jobs had been done, aside from a few "
+"inessential ones. But the list is full of projects that some might call "
+"“applications.” Any program that appeals to more than a narrow "
+"class of users would be a useful thing to add to an operating system."
msgstr ""
"à´à´¨àµà´¨àµàµ (1), à´à´°àµ à´¯àµà´£à´¿à´àµà´¸àµ
à´à´à´à´àµà´à´³àµà´ à´àµà´¨àµ à´à´¾à´¸àµà´àµ
à´ªà´àµà´à´¿à´à´¯à´¿àµ½ ബാà´àµà´à´¿à´¯à´¿à´²àµà´²—à´à´¿à´²
à´
നാവശàµà´¯à´®à´¾à´¯à´µ "
"à´à´´à´¿à´àµà´àµà´³àµà´³
à´ªàµà´°à´µàµà´¤àµà´¤à´¿à´à´³àµà´²àµà´²à´¾à´
à´ªàµàµ¼à´¤àµà´¤à´¿à´¯à´¾à´àµà´à´¿. à´à´¨àµà´¨à´¾àµ½ à´
à´ªà´àµà´à´¿à´ à´®àµà´´àµà´µàµ» à´à´¿à´²àµ¼ “"
@@ -1219,7 +1443,7 @@
"മാതàµà´°à´
à´ªàµà´°àµà´¤à´¿à´ªàµà´ªàµà´àµà´¤àµà´¤àµà´¨àµà´¨à´¤à´²àµà´²à´¾à´¤àµà´¤
à´à´¤àµ à´ªàµà´°àµà´àµà´°à´¾à´®àµà´ à´à´°àµ
à´à´ªàµà´ªà´±àµà´±àµà´±à´¿à´àµ
സിസàµà´±àµà´±à´¤àµà´¤à´¿à´²àµà´àµà´àµ
à´àµàµ¼à´àµà´àµà´¨àµà´¨à´¤à´¿à´¨àµàµ "
"à´à´ªà´¯àµà´à´ªàµà´°à´¦à´®à´¾à´¯ à´à´¾à´°àµà´¯à´®à´¾à´£àµàµ."
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"Even games are included in the task list—and have been since the "
"beginning. Unix included games, so naturally GNU should too. But "
@@ -1233,34 +1457,31 @@
"പിനàµà´¤àµà´àµ¼à´¨àµà´¨à´¿à´²àµà´². à´ªà´à´°à´,
à´à´ªà´¯àµà´àµà´¤à´¾à´àµà´àµ¾à´àµà´àµàµ
à´à´·àµà´à´ªàµà´ªàµà´à´¾àµ» സാധàµà´¯à´¤à´¯àµà´³àµà´³
à´µàµà´¯à´¤àµà´¯à´¸àµà´¤ തരഠà´à´³à´¿à´à´³àµà´àµ à´à´°àµ "
"à´¸àµà´ªàµà´àµà´àµà´°à´ തനàµà´¨àµ à´à´àµà´àµ¾
à´ªà´àµà´à´¿à´à´ªàµà´ªàµà´àµà´¤àµà´¤à´¿."
-#. type: Content of: <p>
-msgid ""
-"(1) That was written in 1998. In 2009 we no longer maintain a long task "
-"list. The community develops free software so fast that we can't even keep "
-"track of it all. Instead, we have a list of High Priority Projects, a much "
-"shorter list of projects we really want to encourage people to write."
-msgstr ""
-"(1) 1998-ൽ à´à´£àµàµ à´
à´¤àµàµ à´à´´àµà´¤à´¿à´¯à´¤àµàµ. 2009
à´à´¯à´ªàµà´ªàµà´´àµà´àµà´àµà´ വലിയ à´à´°àµ
à´à´¾à´¸àµà´àµ à´ªà´àµà´à´¿à´
പരിപാലിà´àµà´àµà´¨àµà´¨à´¤àµàµ "
-"à´à´àµà´àµ¾ നിർതàµà´¤à´¿. à´à´àµà´àµ¾à´àµà´àµàµ
à´à´²àµà´²à´¾à´ à´àµà´°à´¾à´àµà´àµ à´àµà´¯àµà´¯à´¾àµ»
à´ªàµà´²àµà´ പറàµà´±à´¾à´¤àµà´¤à´¤àµà´° à´µàµà´à´¤à´¯à´¿àµ½
à´à´®àµà´®àµà´¯àµà´£à´¿à´±àµà´±à´¿ "
-"à´¸àµà´µà´¤à´¨àµà´¤àµà´° à´¸àµà´«àµà´±àµà´±àµâà´µàµà´¯àµ¼
ഡവലപàµà´ªàµ à´àµà´¯àµà´¯àµà´¨àµà´¨àµ. à´ªà´à´°à´,
വളരൠപàµà´°à´¾à´§à´¾à´¨àµà´¯à´®àµà´³àµà´³
à´¸à´à´°à´à´à´àµà´à´³àµà´àµ (High "
-"Priority Projects) à´à´°àµ à´ªà´àµà´à´¿à´
à´à´àµà´àµ¾à´àµà´àµà´£àµà´àµàµ, à´à´³àµà´à´³àµ
à´à´´àµà´¤à´¾à´¨à´¾à´¯à´¿
à´ªàµà´°àµà´¤àµà´¸à´¾à´¹à´¿à´ªàµà´ªà´¿à´àµà´à´¾àµ» à´à´àµà´àµ¾ "
-"à´à´¤àµà´®à´¾àµ¼à´¤àµà´¥à´®à´¾à´¯à´¿
à´à´àµà´°à´¹à´¿à´àµà´àµà´¨àµà´¨ à´¸à´à´°à´à´à´àµà´à´³àµà´àµ
à´àµà´±à´¿à´¯ à´ªà´àµà´à´¿à´."
-
-#. type: Content of: <h3>
+#. type: Content of: <div><h3>
msgid "The GNU Library GPL"
msgstr "à´àµà´¨àµ à´²àµà´¬àµà´°à´±à´¿ à´à´¿à´ªà´¿à´àµ½"
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
+# | The GNU C library uses a special kind of copyleft called the GNU Library
+# | General Public [-License(1),-] {+License <a href=\"#ft7\">[7]</a>,+}
+# | which gives permission to link proprietary software with the library. Why
+# | make this exception?
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "The GNU C library uses a special kind of copyleft called the GNU Library "
+#| "General Public License(1), which gives permission to link proprietary "
+#| "software with the library. Why make this exception?"
msgid ""
"The GNU C library uses a special kind of copyleft called the GNU Library "
-"General Public License(1), which gives permission to link proprietary "
-"software with the library. Why make this exception?"
+"General Public License <a href=\"#ft7\">[7]</a>, which gives "
+"permission to link proprietary software with the library. Why make this "
+"exception?"
msgstr ""
"à´àµà´¨àµ à´²àµà´¬àµà´°à´±à´¿ à´à´¨à´±àµ½ പബàµà´²à´¿à´àµ
à´²àµà´¸àµ»à´¸àµ(1) à´à´¨àµà´¨àµ വിളിà´àµà´àµà´¨àµà´¨
à´à´°àµ à´ªàµà´°à´¤àµà´¯àµà´ തരà´
à´ªà´àµ¼à´ªàµà´ªàµà´ªàµà´àµà´·à´¯à´¾à´£àµàµ à´àµà´¨àµ C "
"à´²àµà´¬àµà´°à´±à´¿ à´à´ªà´¯àµà´à´¿à´àµà´àµà´¨àµà´¨à´¤àµàµ.
à´à´¤àµàµ à´àµà´¤àµà´¤à´
à´¸àµà´«àµà´±àµà´±àµâà´µàµà´¯à´±à´¿à´¨àµ à´
à´²àµà´¬àµà´°à´±à´¿à´¯àµà´®à´¾à´¯à´¿
ബനàµà´§à´¿à´ªàµà´ªà´¿à´àµà´à´¾à´¨àµà´³àµà´³ à´
à´¨àµà´®à´¤à´¿ "
"നലàµà´àµà´¨àµà´¨àµ. à´à´¨àµà´¤àµà´àµà´£àµà´à´¾à´£àµàµ à´
à´à´´à´¿à´à´´à´¿à´µàµàµ?"
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"It is not a matter of principle; there is no principle that says proprietary "
"software products are entitled to include our code. (Why contribute to a "
@@ -1272,7 +1493,7 @@
"à´ªàµà´°à´µà´à´¿à´àµà´à´¿à´àµà´àµà´³àµà´³ à´à´°àµ
à´¸à´à´°à´à´à´¤àµà´¤à´¿àµ½ à´à´¨àµà´¤à´¿à´¨à´¾à´£àµàµ
à´àµàµºà´àµà´°à´¿à´¬àµà´¯àµà´àµà´àµ
à´àµà´¯àµà´¯àµà´¨àµà´¨à´¤àµàµ?) à´ C
à´²àµà´¬àµà´°à´±à´¿à´¯àµà´àµà´àµàµ "
"à´
à´²àµà´²àµà´àµà´à´¿àµ½ à´à´¤àµà´àµà´à´¿à´²àµà´
à´²àµà´¬àµà´°à´±à´¿à´¯àµà´àµà´àµàµ à´àµ½à´à´¿à´ªà´¿à´àµ½
à´à´ªà´¯àµà´à´¿à´àµà´àµà´¨àµà´¨à´¤àµàµ നയതàµà´¤àµ
à´¸à´à´¬à´¨àµà´§à´¿à´àµà´ à´à´¾à´°àµà´¯à´®à´¾à´£àµàµ."
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"The C library does a generic job; every proprietary system or compiler comes "
"with a C library. Therefore, to make our C library available only to free "
@@ -1284,7 +1505,7 @@
"à´²à´àµà´¯à´®à´¾à´àµà´àµà´¨àµà´¨à´¤àµàµ à´¸àµà´µà´¤à´¨àµà´¤àµà´°
à´¸àµà´«àµà´±àµà´±àµâà´µàµà´¯à´±à´¿à´¨àµàµ à´à´°àµ
à´¨àµà´àµà´à´µàµà´ à´à´£àµà´à´¾à´àµà´à´¿à´²àµà´²—à´à´¤àµ
à´à´àµà´à´³àµà´àµ à´²àµà´¬àµà´°à´±à´¿à´¯àµà´àµ "
"à´à´ªà´¯àµà´à´
നിരàµà´¤àµà´¸à´¾à´¹à´ªàµà´ªàµà´àµà´¤àµà´¤à´¿à´¯àµà´àµà´à´¾à´®à´¾à´¯à´¿à´°àµà´¨àµà´¨àµ."
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"One system is an exception to this: on the GNU system (and this includes GNU/"
"Linux), the GNU C library is the only C library. So the distribution terms "
@@ -1304,7 +1525,7 @@
"à´à´¤àµà´àµà´£àµà´à´¾à´£àµàµ à´à´¿à´ªà´¿à´àµ½ à´²àµà´¬àµà´°à´±à´¿
à´à´ªà´¯àµà´à´¿à´àµà´àµà´¨àµà´¨à´¤àµàµ C à´²àµà´¬àµà´°à´±à´¿à´¯àµ
à´¸à´à´¬à´¨àµà´§à´¿à´àµà´à´¿à´à´¤àµà´¤àµà´³à´ à´à´°àµ നലàµà´² "
"നയമാà´àµà´¨àµà´¨à´¤àµàµ."
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"For other libraries, the strategic decision needs to be considered on a case-"
"by-case basis. When a library does a special job that can help write "
@@ -1319,7 +1540,7 @@
"à´¸àµà´«àµà´±àµà´±àµâà´µàµà´¯à´±à´¿à´¨àµà´¤à´¿à´°àµ à´à´°àµ
à´¨àµà´àµà´à´ à´àµà´µà´°à´¿à´àµà´à´¾àµ» à´¸àµà´µà´¤à´¨àµà´¤àµà´°
à´¸àµà´«àµà´±àµà´±àµâà´µàµà´¯àµ¼ ഡവലപàµà´ªàµ¼à´®à´¾à´°àµ "
"സഹായിà´àµà´àµà´¨àµà´¨à´¤à´¿à´¨àµà´³àµà´³ à´à´°àµ
മാർà´à´®à´¾à´£àµàµ."
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"Consider GNU Readline, a library that was developed to provide command-line "
"editing for BASH. Readline is released under the ordinary GNU GPL, not the "
@@ -1335,7 +1556,7 @@
"സാധിà´àµà´àµà´ à´à´¨àµà´¨à´¤àµà´àµà´£àµà´àµàµ
à´¸àµà´µà´¤à´¨àµà´¤àµà´° à´¸àµà´«àµà´±àµà´±àµâà´µàµà´¯àµ¼ à´à´¯à´¿
നിർമàµà´®à´¿à´àµà´à´ªàµà´ªàµà´àµà´à´¾àµ½, à´
à´¤àµàµ à´
à´àµà´àµà´à´¾à´¯àµà´®à´¯àµà´à´àµà´àµàµ à´à´°àµ "
"യഥാർതàµà´¥ à´¨àµà´àµà´à´µàµà´®à´¾à´£àµàµ."
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"Proprietary software developers have the advantages money provides; free "
"software developers need to make advantages for each other. I hope some day "
@@ -1351,23 +1572,11 @@
"മിà´à´àµà´ à´¨àµà´àµà´à´àµà´àµ¾
à´¨àµà´à´¿à´¤àµà´¤à´°àµà´¨àµà´¨, à´²àµà´¬àµà´°à´±à´¿à´à´³àµà´àµ
വലിയ à´à´°àµ à´¶àµà´à´°à´ തനàµà´¨àµ à´à´°àµ നാൾ
à´à´àµà´àµ¾à´àµà´àµà´£àµà´à´¾à´àµà´®àµà´¨àµà´¨àµ "
"à´à´¾àµ» à´ªàµà´°à´¤àµà´àµà´·à´¿à´àµà´àµà´¨àµà´¨àµ."
-#. type: Content of: <p>
-msgid ""
-"(1) This license is now called the GNU Lesser General Public License, to "
-"avoid giving the idea that all libraries ought to use it. See <a href=\"/"
-"philosophy/why-not-lgpl.html\">Why you shouldn't use the Lesser GPL for your "
-"next library</a> for more information."
-msgstr ""
-"(1) à´à´ªàµà´ªàµàµ¾ à´ à´
à´¨àµà´®à´¤à´¿à´ªà´¤àµà´°à´¤àµà´¤àµ
à´àµà´¨àµ à´²àµà´¸àµà´¸àµ¼ à´à´¨à´±àµ½ പബàµà´²à´¿à´àµ
à´²àµà´¸àµ»à´¸àµ à´à´¨àµà´¨à´¾à´£àµ
വിളിà´àµà´àµà´¨àµà´¨à´¤àµàµ, à´à´²àµà´²à´¾ "
-"à´²àµà´¬àµà´°à´±à´¿à´à´³àµà´
à´à´¤àµà´ªà´¯àµà´à´¿à´àµà´à´£à´®àµà´¨àµà´¨àµà´³àµà´³ à´à´¶à´¯à´
à´à´´à´¿à´µà´¾à´àµà´à´¾à´¨à´¾à´£à´¿à´¤àµàµ. à´àµà´àµà´¤àµ½
വിവരà´àµà´àµ¾à´àµà´àµàµ <a href=\"/"
-"philosophy/why-not-lgpl.html\">à´à´¨àµà´¤àµà´àµà´£àµà´àµàµ
നിà´àµà´à´³àµà´àµ à´
à´àµà´¤àµà´¤
à´²àµà´¬àµà´°à´±à´¿à´¯àµà´àµà´àµàµ à´²àµà´¸àµà´¸àµ¼
à´à´¿à´ªà´¿à´àµ½ "
-"à´à´ªà´¯àµà´à´¿à´àµà´à´¾àµ» പാà´à´¿à´²àµà´²</a> à´à´¨àµà´¨
à´²àµà´à´¨à´ à´à´¾à´£àµà´."
-
-#. type: Content of: <h3>
+#. type: Content of: <div><h3>
msgid "Scratching an itch?"
msgstr "à´à´°àµ à´àµà´±à´¿à´àµà´à´¿à´²à´¿àµ½ മാനàµà´¤àµà´?"
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"Eric Raymond says that “Every good work of software starts by "
"scratching a developer's personal itch.” Maybe that happens sometimes, "
@@ -1381,7 +1590,7 @@
"à´à´£àµà´à´¾à´àµà´µà´¾à´¨à´¾à´£àµàµ ഡവലപàµà´ªàµ
à´àµà´¯àµà´¯à´ªàµà´ªàµà´àµà´à´¤àµàµ. à´
à´µ à´à´°àµ
à´µàµà´àµà´·à´£à´¤àµà´¤à´¿àµ½ നിനàµà´¨àµà´
à´¦àµàµ¼à´à´à´¾à´²à´¤àµà´¤àµà´àµà´àµà´³àµà´³
പദàµà´§à´¤à´¿à´à´³à´¿àµ½ "
"നിനàµà´¨àµà´®à´¾à´£àµàµ വരàµà´¨àµà´¨à´¤àµàµ à´
à´²àµà´²à´¾à´¤àµ à´ªàµà´àµà´àµà´¨àµà´¨àµà´£àµà´à´¾à´àµà´¨àµà´¨
à´àµ¾à´ªàµà´°àµà´°à´£à´¯à´¿àµ½ നിനàµà´¨à´²àµà´²."
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"For example, we developed the GNU C library because a Unix-like system needs "
"a C library, BASH because a Unix-like system needs a shell, and GNU tar "
@@ -1394,7 +1603,7 @@
"à´ªàµà´°àµà´àµà´°à´¾à´®àµà´àµ¾à´àµà´àµà´ à´à´¤àµ
ശരിയാണàµàµ—à´àµà´¨àµ C à´à´®àµà´ªàµà´²àµ¼,
à´àµà´¨àµ à´à´®à´¾à´àµà´¸àµ, à´à´¿à´¡à´¿à´¬à´¿ (GDB), à´àµà´¨àµ
à´®àµà´¯àµà´àµ "
"(GNU Make) à´à´¨àµà´¨à´¿à´µ."
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"Some GNU programs were developed to cope with specific threats to our "
"freedom. Thus, we developed gzip to replace the Compress program, which had "
@@ -1418,7 +1627,7 @@
"à´àµà´¯àµà´¯àµà´¨àµà´¨àµ, à´à´¾à´°à´£à´ à´à´°à´¿à´àµà´à´²àµà´
à´¸àµà´µà´à´¾à´°àµà´¯à´¤à´¯àµà´àµà´àµà´
à´¸àµà´µà´¾à´¤à´¨àµà´¤àµà´°àµà´¯à´¤àµà´¤à´¿à´¨àµà´ à´à´à´¯à´¿àµ½
à´à´¤àµà´àµà´à´¿à´²àµà´ à´à´¨àµà´¨àµàµ "
"à´¤àµà´°à´àµà´àµà´àµà´àµà´àµà´£àµà´ à´
വസàµà´¥
à´à´ªà´¯àµà´àµà´¤à´¾à´àµà´àµ¾à´àµà´àµàµ
à´à´£àµà´à´¾à´à´°àµà´¤àµàµ."
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"Of course, the people writing these programs became interested in the work, "
"and many features were added to them by various people for the sake of their "
@@ -1428,11 +1637,11 @@
"സവിശàµà´·à´¤à´à´³àµà´ à´à´µà´¯àµà´àµ
à´àµàµ¼à´àµà´à´ªàµà´ªàµà´àµà´à´¤àµàµ ധാരാളà´
à´à´³àµà´à´³àµà´àµ താതàµà´ªà´°àµà´¯à´àµà´àµ¾à´àµà´àµà´
à´¸àµà´µà´¨àµà´¤à´ à´à´µà´¶àµà´¯à´àµà´àµ¾à´àµà´àµà´ "
"à´µàµà´£àµà´à´¿à´¯à´¾à´£àµàµ. à´à´¨àµà´¨à´¾àµ½ à´
à´¤àµà´à´¾à´°à´£à´®à´²àµà´² à´ªàµà´°àµà´àµà´°à´¾à´®àµà´àµ¾
നിലനിലàµà´àµà´àµà´¨àµà´¨à´¤àµàµ. "
-#. type: Content of: <h3>
+#. type: Content of: <div><h3>
msgid "Unexpected developments"
msgstr "à´
à´ªàµà´°à´¤àµà´àµà´·à´¿à´¤à´®à´¾à´¯ à´ªàµà´°àµà´à´¤à´¿à´àµ¾"
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"At the beginning of the GNU Project, I imagined that we would develop the "
"whole GNU system, then release it as a whole. That is not how it happened."
@@ -1440,7 +1649,7 @@
"à´àµà´¨àµ à´¸à´à´°à´à´à´¤àµà´¤à´¿à´¨àµà´±àµ
à´¤àµà´à´àµà´à´¤àµà´¤à´¿àµ½ à´à´¾àµ»
വിà´à´¾à´°à´¿à´àµà´à´¿à´°àµà´¨àµà´¨à´¤àµàµ à´®àµà´´àµà´µàµ»
à´àµà´¨àµ സിസàµà´±àµà´±à´µàµà´ à´à´àµà´àµ¾
ഡവലപàµà´ªàµ à´àµà´¯àµà´¤àµàµ à´à´¤àµàµ "
"à´®àµà´´àµà´µà´¨à´¾à´¯àµà´
à´ªàµà´°à´¸àµà´¦àµà´§à´¿à´à´°à´¿à´àµà´àµà´
à´à´¨àµà´¨à´¾à´¯à´¿à´°àµà´¨àµà´¨àµ. à´à´¨àµà´¨à´¾àµ½ à´à´¤à´²àµà´²
à´¸à´à´à´µà´¿à´àµà´à´¤àµàµ."
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"Since each component of the GNU system was implemented on a Unix system, "
"each component could run on Unix systems long before a complete GNU system "
@@ -1454,7 +1663,7 @@
"à´à´ªà´¯àµà´àµà´¤à´¾à´àµà´àµ¾ à´
വയàµ
വിപàµà´²àµà´à´°à´¿à´àµà´à´¾à´¨àµà´ à´ªàµàµ¼à´àµà´àµ
à´àµà´¯àµà´¯à´¾à´¨àµà´
à´¤àµà´à´àµà´à´¿—à´¯àµà´£à´¿à´àµà´¸à´¿à´¨àµà´±àµ "
"à´àµ»à´à´®àµà´ªà´¾à´±àµà´±à´¿à´¬à´¿à´³à´¾à´¯ ധാരാളà´
പതിപàµà´ªàµà´à´³à´¿à´²àµà´àµà´àµàµ,
à´à´¿à´²à´ªàµà´ªàµà´´àµà´àµà´àµ മറàµà´±àµ
സിസàµà´±àµà´±à´àµà´à´³à´¿à´²àµà´àµà´àµà´."
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"The process made these programs much more powerful, and attracted both funds "
"and contributors to the GNU Project. But it probably also delayed "
@@ -1470,11 +1679,11 @@
"à´àµà´¨àµ ഡവലപàµà´ªàµ¼à´®à´¾àµ¼ സമയà´
à´àµà´²à´µà´´à´¿à´àµà´à´¤àµàµ, മറിà´àµà´àµàµ
വിà´àµà´àµà´ªàµà´¯ à´à´à´à´àµà´àµ¾
à´à´¨àµà´¨à´¿à´¨àµà´ªàµà´±à´àµ à´à´¨àµà´¨à´¾à´¯à´¿ "
"à´à´´àµà´¤à´¿à´àµà´àµàµ¼à´àµà´à´¾à´¨à´¾à´¯à´¿à´°àµà´¨àµà´¨à´¿à´²àµà´²."
-#. type: Content of: <h3>
+#. type: Content of: <div><h3>
msgid "The GNU Hurd"
msgstr "à´àµà´¨àµ ഹർâà´¡àµ"
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"By 1990, the GNU system was almost complete; the only major missing "
"component was the kernel. We had decided to implement our kernel as a "
@@ -1494,7 +1703,7 @@
"വാà´àµà´¦à´¾à´¨à´ à´àµà´¯àµà´¤à´¤àµà´ªàµà´²àµ മാà´àµà´àµ
à´¸àµà´µà´¤à´¨àµà´¤àµà´° à´¸àµà´«àµà´±àµà´±àµâà´µàµà´¯à´±à´¾à´¯à´¿
à´ªàµà´°à´¸à´¿à´¦àµà´§àµà´à´°à´¿à´àµà´à´¾àµ» à´à´àµà´àµ¾
à´à´¾à´¤àµà´¤à´¿à´°àµà´¨àµà´¨à´¤àµ "
"à´à´¾à´°à´£à´ à´à´¤àµ ഡവലപàµà´ªàµ à´àµà´¯àµà´¤àµ
à´¤àµà´à´àµà´à´¾àµ» à´µàµà´à´¿."
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"One reason for choosing this design was to avoid what seemed to be the "
"hardest part of the job: debugging a kernel program without a source-level "
@@ -1512,11 +1721,11 @@
"à´¸àµàµ¼à´µà´±àµà´àµ¾ à´¡à´¿à´¬à´àµà´àµ
à´àµà´¯àµà´¯àµà´¨àµà´¨à´¤àµà´ വളരàµ
വിഷമമàµà´³àµà´³à´¤à´¾à´¯à´¿ മാറി. à´à´¤àµ à´à´¾à´°à´£à´
ഹർഡിനൠപàµàµ¼à´£à´®à´¾à´¯à´¿ "
"à´ªàµà´°à´µàµ¼à´¤àµà´¤à´¿à´àµà´àµà´¨àµà´¨
à´à´¨àµà´¨à´¾à´àµà´àµà´¨àµà´¨à´¤àµàµ വർഷà´àµà´à´³à´¾à´¯à´¿
à´¨àµà´£àµà´àµà´ªàµà´¯à´¿."
-#. type: Content of: <h3>
+#. type: Content of: <div><h3>
msgid "Alix"
msgstr "à´
ലിà´àµà´¸àµ"
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"The GNU kernel was not originally supposed to be called the Hurd. Its "
"original name was Alix—named after the woman who was my sweetheart at "
@@ -1532,7 +1741,7 @@
"à´à´°àµà´àµà´à´¿à´²àµà´ à´à´°àµ à´àµàµ¼à´£à´²à´¿à´¨àµàµ
à´à´¨àµà´±àµ à´ªàµà´°à´¿à´à´£à´.” à´à´¾àµ» à´à´¨àµà´¨àµà´
പറà´àµà´à´¿à´²àµà´², à´ªà´àµà´·àµ à´
ലിà´àµà´¸àµ
à´à´¨àµà´¨àµ à´à´°àµ "
"à´àµàµ¼à´£à´²à´¿à´¨àµ à´ªàµà´°à´¿à´àµà´àµàµ à´
വളàµ
à´à´¶àµà´à´°àµà´¯à´ªàµà´ªàµà´àµà´¤àµà´¤à´¾àµ»
à´¤àµà´°àµà´®à´¾à´¨à´¿à´àµà´àµ."
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"It did not stay that way. Michael (now Thomas) Bushnell, the main developer "
"of the kernel, preferred the name Hurd, and redefined Alix to refer to a "
@@ -1543,7 +1752,7 @@
"à´à´¨àµà´¨ à´ªàµà´°à´¾à´£àµàµ
à´à´·àµà´à´ªàµà´ªàµà´àµà´à´¤àµàµ, à´à´¨àµà´¨à´¿à´àµà´àµàµ
à´àµàµ¼à´£à´²à´¿à´¨àµà´±àµ à´à´°àµ à´à´¾à´à´¤àµà´¤àµ à´
ലിà´àµà´¸àµ à´à´¨àµà´¨àµ à´ªàµà´°à´¿à´àµà´àµ—"
"സിസàµà´±àµà´±à´ à´àµà´³àµà´à´³àµ à´àµà´°à´¾à´ªàµà´ªàµ
à´àµà´¯àµà´¤àµàµ ഹർഡàµ
à´¸àµàµ¼à´µà´±àµà´à´³à´¿à´²àµà´àµà´àµàµ
സനàµà´¦àµà´¶à´àµà´à´³à´¯à´àµà´àµàµ à´
à´µ
à´àµà´à´¾à´°àµà´¯à´ à´àµà´¯àµà´¯àµà´¨àµà´¨ à´à´¾à´à´."
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"Later, Alix and I broke up, and she changed her name; independently, the "
"Hurd design was changed so that the C library would send messages directly "
@@ -1553,7 +1762,7 @@
"ബനàµà´§à´®àµà´¨àµà´¨àµà´®à´¿à´²àµà´²à´¾à´¤àµ, ഹർഡàµ
à´¡à´¿à´¸àµà´¨à´¿àµ½ മാറàµà´±à´®àµà´£àµà´à´¾à´¯à´¿,
à´¸àµàµ¼à´µà´±àµà´à´³à´¿à´²àµà´àµà´àµ à´¨àµà´°à´¿à´àµà´àµàµ
സനàµà´¦àµà´¶à´àµà´à´³à´¯à´àµà´à´¾àµ» C "
"à´²àµà´¬àµà´°à´±à´¿ à´à´ªà´¯àµà´à´¿à´àµà´àµ, à´à´¤àµàµ à´
ലിà´àµà´¸àµ à´à´¨àµà´¨ à´à´à´à´¤àµà´¤àµ à´¡à´¿à´¸àµà´¨à´¿àµ½
നിനàµà´¨àµà´ à´
à´ªàµà´°à´¤àµà´¯à´àµà´·à´®à´¾à´àµà´à´¿."
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"But before these things happened, a friend of hers came across the name Alix "
"in the Hurd source code, and mentioned it to her. So she did have the "
@@ -1563,11 +1772,11 @@
"à´à´¨àµà´¨à´¿à´àµà´àµàµ à´
à´¤àµàµ à´
വളàµà´àµ
à´¸àµà´à´¿à´ªàµà´ªà´¿à´àµà´àµ. à´
തിലàµà´àµ à´
വൾà´àµà´àµàµ à´
വളàµà´àµ à´ªàµà´°à´¿àµ½ à´à´°àµ
à´àµàµ¼à´£àµ½ à´à´¾à´£à´¾àµ» à´
വസരഠ"
"à´²à´à´¿à´àµà´àµà´à´¯àµà´ à´àµà´¯àµà´¤àµ."
-#. type: Content of: <h3>
+#. type: Content of: <div><h3>
msgid "Linux and GNU/Linux"
msgstr "ലിനà´àµà´¸àµà´ à´àµà´¨àµ/ലിനà´àµà´¸àµà´"
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"The GNU Hurd is not suitable for production use, and we don't know if it "
"ever will be. The capability-based design has problems that result directly "
@@ -1578,7 +1787,7 @@
"à´à´àµà´àµ¾à´àµà´à´±à´¿à´¯à´¿à´²àµà´².
à´à´¾à´°àµà´¯à´àµà´·à´®à´¤à´¯àµ à´
à´à´¿à´¸àµà´¥à´¾à´¨à´®à´¾à´àµà´à´¿à´¯àµà´³àµà´³
à´¡à´¿à´¸àµà´¨à´¿à´¨àµàµ à´
തിനàµà´±àµ
à´¡à´¿à´¸àµà´¨à´¿à´¨àµà´±àµ വഴà´àµà´à´¤àµà´¤à´¿àµ½ "
"നിനàµà´¨àµà´ à´¨àµà´°à´¿à´àµà´àµà´£àµà´à´¾à´àµà´¨àµà´¨
à´ªàµà´°à´¶àµà´¨à´àµà´à´³àµà´£àµà´àµàµ, മാതàµà´°à´®à´²àµà´²
à´à´¤à´¿à´¨àµ
പരിഹാരà´àµà´à´³àµà´£àµà´àµà´¯àµà´¨àµà´¨à´¤àµàµ
à´µàµà´¯à´àµà´¤à´®à´²àµà´²."
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"Fortunately, another kernel is available. In 1991, Linus Torvalds developed "
"a Unix-compatible kernel and called it Linux. It was proprietary at first, "
@@ -1594,12 +1803,26 @@
"à´à´¨àµà´¨à´¤àµàµ à´¤àµàµ¼à´àµà´à´¯à´¾à´¯àµà´ à´à´£àµà´¯à´®à´¾à´¯
à´à´°àµ à´àµà´²à´¿ തനàµà´¨àµà´¯à´¾à´¯à´¿à´°àµà´¨àµà´¨àµ.)
ലിനà´àµà´¸àµ à´à´¾à´°à´£à´®à´¾à´£àµàµ à´àµà´¨àµ
സിസàµà´±àµà´±à´¤àµà´¤à´¿à´¨àµà´±àµ à´à´°àµ "
"പതിപàµà´ªàµàµ à´à´¨àµà´¨àµ à´à´¾à´£àµà´¨àµà´¨
à´°àµà´¤à´¿à´¯à´¿àµ½ à´ªàµà´°à´µàµ¼à´¤àµà´¤à´¿à´ªàµà´ªà´¿à´àµà´à´¾àµ»
സാധിà´àµà´àµà´¨àµà´¨à´¤àµàµ."
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
+# | We call this system version <a href=\"/gnu/linux-and-gnu.html\">
+# | GNU/Linux</a>, to express its composition as a combination of the GNU
+# | system with Linux as the kernel. Please don't fall into the practice of
+# | calling the whole system [-“Linux”,-] {+“Linux,”+}
+# | since that means attributing our work to someone else. Please <a
+# | href=\"/gnu/gnu-linux-faq.html\"> give us equal mention</a>.
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "We call this system version <a href=\"/gnu/linux-and-gnu.html\"> GNU/"
+#| "Linux</a>, to express its composition as a combination of the GNU system "
+#| "with Linux as the kernel. Please don't fall into the practice of calling "
+#| "the whole system “Linux”, since that means attributing our "
+#| "work to someone else. Please <a href=\"/gnu/gnu-linux-faq.html\"> give "
+#| "us equal mention</a>."
msgid ""
"We call this system version <a href=\"/gnu/linux-and-gnu.html\"> GNU/Linux</"
"a>, to express its composition as a combination of the GNU system with Linux "
"as the kernel. Please don't fall into the practice of calling the whole "
-"system “Linux”, since that means attributing our work to someone "
+"system “Linux,” since that means attributing our work to someone "
"else. Please <a href=\"/gnu/gnu-linux-faq.html\"> give us equal mention</a>."
msgstr ""
"ഠസിസàµà´±àµà´±à´¤àµà´¤à´¿à´¨àµà´±àµ പതിപàµà´ªà´¿à´¨àµ
<a href=\"/gnu/linux-and-gnu.html\">à´àµà´¨àµ/ലിനà´àµà´¸àµ</a> "
@@ -1609,11 +1832,11 @@
"à´àµà´®à´¤àµà´¤àµà´¨àµà´¨àµà´µàµà´¨àµà´¨à´¾à´£à´¿à´¤à´¿à´¨àµ¼à´¤àµà´¥à´.
ദയവായി <a
href=\"/gnu/gnu-linux-faq.html\">à´à´àµà´àµ¾à´àµà´àµàµ "
"à´¤àµà´²àµà´¯à´®à´¾à´¯ പരാമർശഠനലàµà´àµà´</a>."
-#. type: Content of: <h3>
+#. type: Content of: <div><h3>
msgid "Challenges in our future"
msgstr "നമàµà´®àµà´àµ à´à´¾à´µà´¿à´¯à´¿à´²àµ
à´µàµà´²àµà´²àµà´µà´¿à´³à´¿à´àµ¾"
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"We have proved our ability to develop a broad spectrum of free software. "
"This does not mean we are invincible and unstoppable. Several challenges "
@@ -1629,15 +1852,15 @@
"നിലàµà´àµà´àµà´¨àµà´¨ തരതàµà´¤à´¿àµ½. à´à´³àµà´àµ¾ à´
വരàµà´àµ à´¸àµà´µà´¾à´¤à´¨àµà´¤àµà´°àµà´¯à´¤àµà´¤à´¿à´¨àµ
വിലà´à´²àµà´ªà´¿à´àµà´àµà´à´¯àµà´ à´
തിനàµ
à´à´àµà´¤àµà´¤àµà´®à´¾à´±àµà´±à´¾àµ» à´à´°àµà´¯àµà´ "
"à´
à´¨àµà´µà´¦à´¿à´àµà´à´¾à´¤à´¿à´°à´¿à´àµà´àµà´à´¯àµà´
à´àµà´¯àµà´¯àµà´¨àµà´¨ തരതàµà´¤à´¿à´²àµà´³àµà´³
à´¦àµà´¢à´¨à´¿à´¶àµà´à´¯à´ തനàµà´¨àµ à´
തിനàµàµ
à´à´µà´¶àµà´¯à´®à´¾à´¯à´¿ വരàµà´."
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid "The following four sections discuss these challenges."
msgstr "à´¤àµà´àµ¼à´¨àµà´¨àµà´³àµà´³ നാലàµ
വിà´à´¾à´à´àµà´àµ¾ à´ à´µàµà´²àµà´²àµà´µà´¿à´³à´¿à´à´³àµ
à´àµà´±à´¿à´àµà´àµ à´¸à´à´¸à´¾à´°à´¿à´àµà´àµà´¨àµà´¨àµ."
-#. type: Content of: <h3>
+#. type: Content of: <div><h3>
msgid "Secret hardware"
msgstr "നിà´àµà´¢ ഹാർഡàµâà´µàµà´¯àµ¼"
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"Hardware manufacturers increasingly tend to keep hardware specifications "
"secret. This makes it difficult to write free drivers so that Linux and "
@@ -1649,7 +1872,7 @@
"à´¡àµà´°àµà´µà´±àµà´àµ¾ à´à´´àµà´¤àµà´¨àµà´¨à´¤àµàµ
à´ªàµà´°à´¯à´¾à´¸à´®àµà´³àµà´³à´¤à´¾à´àµà´àµà´¨àµà´¨àµ.
à´à´¨àµà´¨àµ നമàµà´àµà´àµàµ സമàµà´ªàµàµ¼à´£
à´¸àµà´µà´¤à´¨àµà´¤àµà´°
സിസàµà´±àµà´±à´àµà´à´³àµà´£àµà´àµàµ, à´à´¨àµà´¨à´¾àµ½ "
"നാളതàµà´¤àµ à´à´à´ªàµà´¯àµà´àµà´à´±àµà´à´³àµ
പിനàµà´¤àµà´£à´¯àµà´àµà´à´¾àµ» നമàµà´àµà´àµ
à´à´´à´¿à´àµà´à´¿à´²àµà´²àµà´àµà´à´¿àµ½ നാളൠà´
à´µ
നമàµà´àµà´àµ നഷàµà´à´®à´¾à´àµà´."
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"There are two ways to cope with this problem. Programmers can do reverse "
"engineering to figure out how to support the hardware. The rest of us can "
@@ -1661,14 +1884,29 @@
"à´¸àµà´µà´¤à´¨àµà´¤àµà´° à´¸àµà´«àµà´±àµà´±àµâà´µàµà´¯àµ¼
പിനàµà´¤àµà´£à´¯àµà´àµà´àµà´¨àµà´¨ ഹാർഡàµâà´µàµà´¯àµ¼
തിരà´àµà´àµà´àµà´àµà´à´¾àµ» à´à´´à´¿à´¯àµà´;
നമàµà´®àµà´àµ à´à´£àµà´£à´ à´àµà´àµà´®àµà´ªàµàµ¾, "
"à´¸àµà´ªàµà´¸à´¿à´«à´¿à´àµà´àµà´·à´¨àµà´àµ¾
രഹസàµà´¯à´®à´¾à´àµà´à´¿à´µàµà´àµà´àµà´¨àµà´¨à´¤àµàµ
à´¸àµà´µà´¯à´ പരാà´à´¯à´ªàµà´ªàµà´àµà´¤àµà´¤àµà´¨àµà´¨
നയമായി മാറàµà´."
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
+# | Reverse engineering is a big job; will we have programmers with sufficient
+# | determination to undertake it? Yes—if we have built up a strong
+# | feeling that free software is a matter of principle, and nonfree drivers
+# | are intolerable. And will large numbers of us spend extra money, or even
+# | a little extra time, so we can use free drivers? Yes, if the determination
+# | to have freedom is [-widespread.-] {+widespread. <a
+# | href=\"#ft8\">[8]</a>+}
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "Reverse engineering is a big job; will we have programmers with "
+#| "sufficient determination to undertake it? Yes—if we have built up a "
+#| "strong feeling that free software is a matter of principle, and nonfree "
+#| "drivers are intolerable. And will large numbers of us spend extra money, "
+#| "or even a little extra time, so we can use free drivers? Yes, if the "
+#| "determination to have freedom is widespread."
msgid ""
"Reverse engineering is a big job; will we have programmers with sufficient "
"determination to undertake it? Yes—if we have built up a strong "
"feeling that free software is a matter of principle, and nonfree drivers are "
"intolerable. And will large numbers of us spend extra money, or even a "
"little extra time, so we can use free drivers? Yes, if the determination to "
-"have freedom is widespread."
+"have freedom is widespread. <a href=\"#ft8\">[8]</a>"
msgstr ""
"റിവàµà´´àµà´¸àµ à´à´àµà´à´¿à´¨àµà´¯à´±à´¿à´àµ à´à´°àµ
വലിയ à´àµà´²à´¿à´¯à´¾à´£àµàµ;
à´à´¤àµà´±àµà´±àµà´àµà´àµà´à´¾àµ» മാതàµà´°à´
നിശàµà´à´¯ ദാർഢàµà´¯à´®àµà´³àµà´³ "
"à´ªàµà´°àµà´àµà´°à´¾à´®àµ¼à´®à´¾àµ¼
നമàµà´àµà´àµà´£àµà´à´¾à´àµà´®àµ?
à´à´£àµà´à´¾à´àµà´—à´¸àµà´µà´¤à´¨àµà´¤àµà´°
à´¸àµà´«àµà´±àµà´±àµâà´µàµà´¯àµ¼ à´à´¦àµ¼à´¶à´¤àµà´¤àµ "
@@ -1677,23 +1915,11 @@
"à´àµ¾à´àµà´à´¾àµ¼ à´àµà´àµà´¤àµ½ പണഠà´
à´²àµà´²àµà´àµà´à´¿àµ½ à´àµà´±à´àµà´à´§à´¿à´à´ സമയà´
à´àµà´²à´µà´´à´¿à´àµà´àµà´®àµ? à´àµà´²à´µà´´à´¿à´àµà´àµà´,
à´¸àµà´µà´¾à´¤à´¨àµà´¤àµà´°àµà´¯à´¤àµà´¤à´¿à´¨àµà´³àµà´³ "
"നിശàµà´à´¯ ദാർഢàµà´¯à´
à´µàµà´¯à´¾à´ªà´à´®à´¾à´£àµà´àµà´à´¿àµ½."
-#. type: Content of: <p>
-msgid ""
-"(2008 note: this issue extends to the BIOS as well. There is a free BIOS, "
-"<a href=\"http://www.libreboot.org/\";>LibreBoot</a> (a distribution of "
-"coreboot); the problem is getting specs for machines so that LibreBoot can "
-"support them without nonfree “blobs”.)"
-msgstr ""
-"(2008 à´àµà´±à´¿à´ªàµà´ªàµ: à´ à´ªàµà´°à´¶àµà´¨à´ BIOS-à´²àµà´
à´à´£àµà´àµàµ. à´à´°àµ à´¸àµà´µà´¤à´¨àµà´¤àµà´° BIOS à´à´£àµàµ,
<a href=\"http://www.";
-"libreboot.org/\">ലിബàµà´¬àµà´àµà´àµ(LibreBoot)</a>
(à´àµàµ¼à´¬àµà´àµà´àµ(coreboot)-à´¨àµà´±àµ à´à´°àµ
വിതരണà´); "
-"à´
à´¸àµà´µà´¤à´¨àµà´¤àµà´° “à´¬àµà´²àµà´¬àµà´àµ¾”
à´à´¨àµà´¨àµà´ à´àµà´à´¾à´¤àµ à´®àµà´·àµà´¨àµà´à´³àµ
പിനàµà´¤àµà´£à´¯àµà´àµà´à´¾à´¨à´¾à´¯à´¿
ലിബàµà´¬àµà´àµà´à´¿à´¨àµàµ "
-"à´
വയàµà´àµ à´¸àµà´ªàµà´àµà´àµà´àµ¾
à´²à´à´¿à´àµà´àµà´¨àµà´¨à´¤à´¿à´²à´¾à´£àµàµ à´à´µà´¿à´àµ
à´ªàµà´°à´¶àµà´¨à´.)"
-
-#. type: Content of: <h3>
+#. type: Content of: <div><h3>
msgid "Nonfree libraries"
msgstr "à´
à´¸àµà´µà´¤à´¨àµà´¤àµà´° à´²àµà´¬àµà´°à´±à´¿à´àµ¾"
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"A nonfree library that runs on free operating systems acts as a trap for "
"free software developers. The library's attractive features are the bait; "
@@ -1712,7 +1938,7 @@
"à´®àµà´¶à´, à´àµà´¤àµà´¤à´ à´²àµà´¬àµà´°à´±à´¿
à´à´ªà´¯àµà´à´¿à´àµà´àµà´¨àµà´¨ à´à´°àµ à´ªàµà´°àµà´àµà´°à´¾à´
à´ªàµà´°à´¶à´¸àµà´¤à´®à´¾à´¯à´¾àµ½, à´®àµà´®àµà´ªàµ
വിà´à´¾à´°à´¿à´àµà´à´¿à´àµà´à´¿à´²àµà´²à´¾à´¤à´¿à´°àµà´¨àµà´¨ "
"à´ªàµà´°àµà´àµà´°à´¾à´®àµ¼à´®à´¾à´°àµ à´
à´à´¤à´¿à´àµà´àµà´´à´¿à´¯à´¿à´²àµà´àµà´àµ
à´ªàµà´°à´²àµà´à´¿à´ªàµà´ªà´¿à´àµà´à´¾àµ» à´à´¤à´¿à´¨àµ
à´à´´à´¿à´¯àµà´."
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"The first instance of this problem was the Motif toolkit, back in the 80s. "
"Although there were as yet no free operating systems, it was clear what "
@@ -1731,7 +1957,7 @@
"ഡവലപàµà´ªàµ à´àµà´¯àµà´¤ à´²àµà´¸àµà´¸àµà´àµà´à´¿à´«àµ,
1997-ൽ മാതàµà´°à´®àµ à´à´¤àµàµ മിà´àµà´
à´®àµà´àµà´à´¿à´«àµ à´à´ªàµà´²à´¿à´àµà´àµà´·à´¨àµà´à´³àµà´¯àµà´
പിനàµà´¤àµà´£à´¯àµà´àµà´à´¾àµ» "
"മാതàµà´°à´ à´à´°àµà´¤àµà´¤àµà´³àµà´³à´¤à´¾à´¯àµà´³àµà´³àµ."
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"Between 1996 and 1998, another nonfree <abbr title=\"Graphical User Interface"
"\">GUI</abbr> toolkit library, called Qt, was used in a substantial "
@@ -1743,7 +1969,7 @@
"à´²àµà´¬àµà´°à´±à´¿, à´à´£àµà´¯à´®à´¾à´¯ à´à´°àµ
à´¸àµà´µà´¤à´¨àµà´¤àµà´° à´¸àµà´«àµà´±àµà´±àµâà´µàµà´¯à´±à´¿àµ½
à´à´ªà´¯àµà´à´¿à´àµà´à´¿à´°àµà´¨àµà´¨àµ, <abbr title=\"K Desktop "
"Environment\">à´àµà´¡à´¿à´ (KDE - à´àµ à´¡à´¸àµà´àµà´àµà´ªàµà´ªàµ
à´àµ»à´µà´¯àµàµºà´®àµà´¨àµà´±àµ)</abbr> à´à´¨àµà´¨
à´¡àµà´¸àµà´àµà´àµà´ªàµà´ªà´¿àµ½."
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"Free GNU/Linux systems were unable to use KDE, because we could not use the "
"library. However, some commercial distributors of GNU/Linux systems who "
@@ -1761,14 +1987,14 @@
"à´ªàµà´°àµà´¤àµà´¸à´¾à´¹à´¿à´ªàµà´ªà´¿à´àµà´àµ,
à´²à´àµà´·à´àµà´à´£à´àµà´à´¿à´¨àµàµ “ലിനà´àµà´¸àµ
à´à´ªà´¯àµà´àµà´¤à´¾à´àµà´àµ¾” à´à´¤à´¿àµ½
à´à´¨àµà´¤àµà´àµà´à´¿à´²àµà´ "
"à´ªàµà´°à´¶àµà´¨à´®àµà´³àµà´³à´¤à´¾à´¯à´¿ à´
à´±à´àµà´à´¿à´°àµà´¨àµà´¨à´¿à´²àµà´². ഠസാഹà´à´°àµà´¯à´
ദയനàµà´¯à´®à´¾à´¯à´¿ à´¤àµà´¨àµà´¨à´¿à´¤àµà´¤àµà´à´àµà´à´¿."
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"The free software community responded to the problem in two ways: GNOME and "
"Harmony."
msgstr ""
"à´°à´£àµà´àµ തരതàµà´¤à´¿à´²à´¾à´£àµàµ à´¸àµà´µà´¤à´¨àµà´¤àµà´°
à´¸àµà´«àµà´±àµà´±àµâà´µàµà´¯âർ à´àµà´àµà´à´¾à´¯àµà´® à´
à´ªàµà´°à´¶àµà´¨à´¤àµà´¤àµà´àµ
à´ªàµà´°à´¤à´¿à´à´°à´¿à´àµà´à´¤àµàµ: à´àµà´¨àµà´®àµà´
ഹാർമണിയàµà´"
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"GNOME, the GNU Network Object Model Environment, is GNU's desktop project. "
"Started in 1997 by Miguel de Icaza, and developed with the support of Red "
@@ -1784,7 +2010,7 @@
"à´à´¤à´¿à´¨àµà´±àµ à´ªàµà´°à´§à´¾à´¨ à´à´¦àµà´¦àµà´¶àµà´¯à´
à´¸àµà´µà´¾à´¤à´¨àµà´¤àµà´°àµà´¯à´®à´¾à´¯à´¿à´°àµà´¨àµà´¨àµ: à´à´°àµ
à´
à´¸àµà´µà´¤à´¨àµà´¤àµà´° à´¸àµà´«àµà´±àµà´±àµâà´µàµà´¯à´±àµà´
à´à´ªà´¯àµà´à´¿à´àµà´àµà´£àµà´ "
"à´à´µà´¶àµà´¯à´®à´¿à´²àµà´²à´¾à´¯à´¿à´°àµà´¨àµà´¨àµ."
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"Harmony is a compatible replacement library, designed to make it possible to "
"run KDE software without using Qt."
@@ -1792,13 +2018,28 @@
"à´àµà´¯àµà´àµà´àµ à´à´²àµà´²à´¾à´¤àµ à´àµà´¡à´¿à´
à´¸àµà´«àµà´±àµà´±àµâà´µàµà´¯àµ¼
à´ªàµà´°à´µàµ¼à´¤àµà´¤à´¿à´ªàµà´ªà´¿à´àµà´à´¾àµ»
സാധിà´àµà´àµà´¨àµà´¨ തരതàµà´¤à´¿àµ½
à´°àµà´ªà´à´²àµà´ªà´¨ à´àµà´¯àµà´¤ à´à´°àµ "
"à´à´®àµà´ªà´¾à´±àµà´±à´¿à´¬à´¿àµ¾
à´±àµà´ªàµà´²àµà´¸àµà´®àµà´¨àµà´±àµ à´²àµà´¬àµà´°à´±à´¿à´¯à´¾à´£àµàµ
ഹാർമണി."
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
+# | In November 1998, the developers of Qt announced a change of license
+# | which, when carried out, should make Qt free software. There is no way to
+# | be sure, but I think that this was partly due to the community's firm
+# | response to the problem that Qt posed when it was nonfree. (The new
+# | license is inconvenient and inequitable, so it remains desirable to avoid
+# | using [-Qt.)-] {+Qt. <a href=\"#ft9\">[9]</a>)+}
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "In November 1998, the developers of Qt announced a change of license "
+#| "which, when carried out, should make Qt free software. There is no way "
+#| "to be sure, but I think that this was partly due to the community's firm "
+#| "response to the problem that Qt posed when it was nonfree. (The new "
+#| "license is inconvenient and inequitable, so it remains desirable to avoid "
+#| "using Qt.)"
msgid ""
"In November 1998, the developers of Qt announced a change of license which, "
"when carried out, should make Qt free software. There is no way to be sure, "
"but I think that this was partly due to the community's firm response to the "
"problem that Qt posed when it was nonfree. (The new license is inconvenient "
-"and inequitable, so it remains desirable to avoid using Qt.)"
+"and inequitable, so it remains desirable to avoid using Qt. <a href="
+"\"#ft9\">[9]</a>)"
msgstr ""
"1998 നവà´à´¬à´±à´¿àµ½, à´àµà´¯àµà´àµà´àµ
ഡവലപàµà´ªàµ¼à´®à´¾àµ¼ à´
à´¨àµà´®à´¤à´¿à´ªà´¤àµà´°à´¤àµà´¤à´¿àµ½
à´à´°àµ മാറàµà´±à´ à´ªàµà´°à´àµà´¯à´¾à´ªà´¿à´àµà´àµ, à´
à´¤àµàµ "
"à´ªàµà´°à´¾à´¯àµà´à´¿à´à´®à´¾à´àµà´®àµà´ªàµàµ¾, à´
à´¤àµàµ
à´àµà´¯àµà´àµà´à´¿à´¨àµ à´¸àµà´µà´¤à´¨àµà´¤àµà´°
à´¸àµà´«àµà´±àµà´±àµâà´µàµà´¯àµ¼
à´à´àµà´àµà´£àµà´à´¤à´¾à´£àµàµ.
à´à´±à´ªàµà´ªàµà´µà´°àµà´¤àµà´¤à´¾àµ» യാതàµà´°àµ "
@@ -1807,15 +2048,7 @@
"à´
à´¨àµà´®à´¤à´¿à´ªà´¤àµà´°à´ à´
à´¸àµàµà´à´°àµà´¯à´ªàµà´°à´¦à´µàµà´
à´¨àµà´¯à´¾à´¯à´°à´¹à´¿à´¤à´µàµà´®à´¾à´£àµàµ, à´
à´¤àµà´àµà´£àµà´àµàµ à´àµà´¯àµà´àµà´à´¿à´¨àµà´±àµ
à´à´ªà´¯àµà´à´ à´à´´à´¿à´µà´¾à´àµà´àµà´¨àµà´¨à´¤à´¾à´£àµàµ "
"à´
à´à´¿à´à´¾à´®àµà´¯à´.)"
-#. type: Content of: <p>
-msgid ""
-"[Subsequent note: in September 2000, Qt was rereleased under the GNU GPL, "
-"which essentially solved this problem.]"
-msgstr ""
-"[പിനàµà´¨àµà´àµà´³àµà´³ à´àµà´±à´¿à´ªàµà´ªàµàµ: 2000
à´¸àµà´ªàµà´±àµà´±à´à´¬à´±à´¿àµ½, à´àµà´¨àµ
à´à´¿à´ªà´¿à´à´²àµà´²à´¿à´¨àµ à´àµà´´à´¿àµ½ à´àµà´¯àµà´àµà´àµ
à´ªàµà´¨à´à´ªàµà´°à´¸à´¿à´¦àµà´§àµà´à´°à´¿à´àµà´àµ, "
-"à´
à´¤àµàµ à´ à´ªàµà´°à´¶àµà´¨à´ പരിഹരിà´àµà´àµ.]"
-
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"How will we respond to the next tempting nonfree library? Will the whole "
"community understand the need to stay out of the trap? Or will many of us "
@@ -1827,21 +2060,42 @@
"നമàµà´®à´³à´¿àµ½ പലരàµà´ à´¸àµàµà´à´°àµà´¯à´¤àµà´¤à´¿à´¨àµ
à´µàµà´£àµà´à´¿ à´¸àµà´µà´¾à´¤à´¨àµà´¤àµà´°àµà´¯à´¤àµà´¤àµ
à´à´ªàµà´àµà´·à´¿à´àµà´àµà´®àµ, à´à´¨àµà´¨à´¿à´àµà´àµàµ
à´à´¤à´¿à´²àµà´ വലിയàµà´°àµ "
"à´ªàµà´°à´¶àµà´¨à´ à´à´£àµà´à´¾à´àµà´àµà´®àµ?
നമàµà´®àµà´àµ à´à´¾à´µà´¿ നമàµà´®àµà´àµ
തതàµà´¤àµà´µà´¶à´¾à´¸àµà´¤àµà´°à´¤àµà´¤àµ
à´à´¶àµà´°à´¯à´¿à´àµà´à´¿à´°à´¿à´àµà´àµà´¨àµà´¨àµ."
-#. type: Content of: <h3>
+#. type: Content of: <div><h3>
msgid "Software patents"
msgstr "à´¸àµà´«àµà´±àµà´±àµâà´µàµà´¯âർ
à´ªàµà´±àµà´±à´¨àµà´±àµà´àµ¾"
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
+# | The worst threat we face comes from software patents, which can put
+# | algorithms and features off limits to free software for up to twenty
+# | years. The LZW compression algorithm patents were applied for in 1983,
+# | and we still cannot release free software to produce proper compressed
+# | <abbr title=\"Graphics Interchange [-Format\">GIF</abbr>s. [As of 2009
+# | they have expired.]-] {+Format\">GIF</abbr>s. <a
+# | href=\"#ft10\">[10]</a>+} In 1998, a free program to produce <abbr
+# | title=\"MPEG-1 Audio Layer 3\">MP3</abbr> compressed audio was removed
+# | from distribution under threat of a patent [-suit. [As of 2017, these
+# | patents have expired. Look how long we had to wait.]-] {+suit. <a
+# | href=\"#ft11\">[11]</a>+}
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "The worst threat we face comes from software patents, which can put "
+#| "algorithms and features off limits to free software for up to twenty "
+#| "years. The LZW compression algorithm patents were applied for in 1983, "
+#| "and we still cannot release free software to produce proper compressed "
+#| "<abbr title=\"Graphics Interchange Format\">GIF</abbr>s. [As of 2009 "
+#| "they have expired.] In 1998, a free program to produce <abbr title="
+#| "\"MPEG-1 Audio Layer 3\">MP3</abbr> compressed audio was removed from "
+#| "distribution under threat of a patent suit. [As of 2017, these patents "
+#| "have expired. Look how long we had to wait.]"
msgid ""
"The worst threat we face comes from software patents, which can put "
"algorithms and features off limits to free software for up to twenty years. "
"The LZW compression algorithm patents were applied for in 1983, and we still "
"cannot release free software to produce proper compressed <abbr title="
-"\"Graphics Interchange Format\">GIF</abbr>s. [As of 2009 they have "
-"expired.] In 1998, a free program to produce <abbr title=\"MPEG-1 Audio "
-"Layer 3\">MP3</abbr> compressed audio was removed from distribution under "
-"threat of a patent suit. [As of 2017, these patents have expired. Look how "
-"long we had to wait.]"
+"\"Graphics Interchange Format\">GIF</abbr>s. <a href=\"#ft10\">[10]</"
+"a> In 1998, a free program to produce <abbr title=\"MPEG-1 Audio Layer "
+"3\">MP3</abbr> compressed audio was removed from distribution under threat "
+"of a patent suit. <a href=\"#ft11\">[11]</a>"
msgstr ""
"à´à´°àµà´ªà´¤àµ വർഷതàµà´¤àµà´³à´ à´à´¾à´²à´
à´¸àµà´µà´¤à´¨àµà´¤àµà´° à´¸àµà´«àµà´±àµà´±àµâà´µàµà´¯à´±à´¿à´¨àµ
à´àµà´¯àµà´¯àµà´¤àµà´¤à´¾à´µàµà´¨àµà´¨à´¤à´¿à´¨àµà´®à´ªàµà´ªàµà´±à´¤àµà´¤àµà´àµà´àµàµ
à´
ൽà´àµà´°à´¿à´¤à´àµà´à´³àµà´¯àµà´ "
"à´«àµà´àµà´à´±àµà´à´³àµà´¯àµà´ à´µàµà´àµà´àµà´µà´¾àµ»
സാധിà´àµà´àµà´¨àµà´¨ à´¸àµà´«àµà´±àµà´±àµâà´µàµà´¯àµ¼
à´ªàµà´±àµà´±à´¨àµà´±àµà´à´³à´¿àµ½ നിനàµà´¨à´¾à´£àµàµ
à´à´àµà´àµ¾ à´
à´à´¿à´®àµà´àµà´à´°à´¿à´àµà´àµà´¨àµà´¨ "
@@ -1854,7 +2108,7 @@
"[2017-ൽ, à´ à´ªàµà´±àµà´±à´¨àµà´±àµà´à´³àµà´àµ
à´à´¾à´²à´¾à´µà´§à´¿ à´à´´à´¿à´àµà´àµ.
à´à´¤àµà´°à´à´¾à´²à´®à´¾à´£àµàµ à´à´àµà´àµ¾
à´à´¾à´¤àµà´¤à´¿à´°à´¿à´àµà´àµà´£àµà´à´¿à´µà´¨àµà´¨à´¤àµà´¨àµà´¨àµ "
"à´¨àµà´àµà´àµ.]"
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"There are ways to cope with patents: we can search for evidence that a "
"patent is invalid, and we can look for alternative ways to do a job. But "
@@ -1869,7 +2123,7 @@
"à´¸àµà´«àµà´±àµà´±àµâà´µàµà´¯à´±àµà´à´³àµà´
നിർബനàµà´§à´¿à´¤à´®à´¾à´¯àµà´àµà´à´¾à´. à´àµà´±àµ
à´à´¾à´²à´ à´à´¾à´¤àµà´¤à´¿à´°àµà´¨àµà´¨à´¾àµ½
à´ªàµà´±àµà´±à´¨àµà´±àµà´à´³àµà´àµ à´à´¾à´²à´¾à´µà´§à´¿
à´à´´à´¿à´¯àµà´, "
"à´ªà´àµà´·àµ à´
à´¤àµà´µà´°àµ നമàµà´®àµ¾ à´à´¨àµà´¤àµ
à´àµà´¯àµà´¯àµà´?"
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"Those of us who value free software for freedom's sake will stay with free "
"software anyway. We will manage to get work done without the patented "
@@ -1889,11 +2143,11 @@
"à´àµà´±à´¿à´àµà´àµà´ à´à´àµà´àµ
à´¸à´à´¸à´¾à´°à´¿à´àµà´àµà´¨àµà´¨à´¤àµàµ à´à´ªà´¯àµà´à´ªàµà´°à´¦à´
തനàµà´¨àµ, à´à´¨àµà´¨à´¾àµ½ നമàµà´®àµ¾ à´
വിà´àµ
നിർതàµà´¤à´¾àµ» പാà´à´¿à´²àµà´². "
"à´¸àµà´µà´¾à´¤à´¨àµà´¤àµà´°àµà´¯à´¤àµà´¤àµ à´àµà´±à´¿à´àµà´àµà´
à´à´¦àµ¼à´¶à´¤àµà´¤àµ à´àµà´±à´¿à´àµà´àµà´
നിർബനàµà´§à´®à´¾à´¯àµà´ à´¸à´à´¸à´¾à´°à´¿à´àµà´à´£à´."
-#. type: Content of: <h3>
+#. type: Content of: <div><h3>
msgid "Free documentation"
msgstr "à´¸àµà´µà´¤à´¨àµà´¤àµà´° à´¡àµà´àµà´¯àµà´®àµà´¨àµà´±àµà´·àµ»"
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"The biggest deficiency in our free operating systems is not in the "
"software—it is the lack of good free manuals that we can include in "
@@ -1907,7 +2161,7 @@
"à´¸àµà´µà´¤à´¨àµà´¤àµà´° à´¸àµà´«àµà´±àµà´±àµâà´µàµà´¯àµ¼
പാà´àµà´àµà´àµ നലàµà´² à´à´°àµ à´¸àµà´µà´¤à´¨àµà´¤àµà´°
സഹായരàµà´à´¯àµà´àµà´àµà´ªàµà´ªà´
വനàµà´¨à´¿à´²àµà´²àµà´àµà´à´¿àµ½, à´à´¤àµà´°àµ വലിയ "
"വിà´à´µà´¾à´£àµàµ. à´
à´¤àµà´¤à´°à´ വിà´à´µàµà´àµ¾
à´à´¨àµà´¨àµ à´à´àµà´àµ¾à´àµà´àµ
ധാരാളമàµà´£àµà´àµàµ."
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"Free documentation, like free software, is a matter of freedom, not price. "
"The criterion for a free manual is pretty much the same as for free "
@@ -1921,7 +2175,7 @@
"à´ªàµà´¨àµ¼à´µà´¿à´¤à´°à´£à´ (വാണിà´àµà´¯à´ªà´°à´®à´¾à´¯
വിലàµà´ªà´¨ à´àµ¾à´ªàµà´ªàµà´àµ)
നിർബനàµà´§à´®à´¾à´¯àµà´ à´
à´¨àµà´µà´¦à´¿à´àµà´à´¿à´°à´¿à´àµà´à´£à´, à´àµºà´²àµà´¨à´¿à´²àµà´ "
"à´à´à´²à´¾à´¸à´¿à´²àµà´, à´
തിലàµà´àµ
à´ªàµà´°àµà´àµà´°à´¾à´®à´¿à´¨àµà´±àµ à´à´²àµà´²à´¾
à´ªà´àµ¼à´ªàµà´ªàµà´àµ¾à´àµà´àµà´ªàµà´ªà´µàµà´ സഹായരàµà´
à´àµàµ¼à´àµà´à´¾àµ» à´à´´à´¿à´¯àµà´."
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"Permission for modification is crucial too. As a general rule, I don't "
"believe that it is essential for people to have permission to modify all "
@@ -1935,7 +2189,7 @@
"വിവരിà´àµà´àµà´¨àµà´¨ à´à´¤àµà´ªàµà´²àµà´¯àµà´³àµà´³
à´²àµà´à´¨à´àµà´à´³à´¿àµ½ മാറàµà´±à´
വരàµà´¤àµà´¤à´¾à´¨àµà´³àµà´³ à´
à´¨àµà´®à´¤à´¿
നലàµà´à´¾à´¨àµà´³àµà´³ à´àµà´®à´¤à´² നിà´àµà´àµ¾à´àµà´àµ "
"à´à´¨à´¿à´àµà´àµ à´à´£àµà´àµà´¨àµà´¨àµ à´à´¾àµ»
വിà´à´¾à´°à´¿à´àµà´àµà´¨àµà´¨à´¿à´²àµà´²."
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"But there is a particular reason why the freedom to modify is crucial for "
"documentation for free software. When people exercise their right to modify "
@@ -1953,7 +2207,7 @@
"à´à´´à´¿à´¯àµà´¨àµà´¨àµ. à´ªàµà´°àµà´àµà´°à´¾à´®àµ¼à´®à´¾à´°àµ
à´àµà´²à´¿à´¯àµà´àµ à´à´¤àµà´®à´¾àµ¼à´¤àµà´¥à´¤
à´ªàµà´²àµ¼à´¤àµà´¤à´¾à´¨àµà´ à´àµà´²à´¿
à´ªàµàµ¼à´¤àµà´¤à´¿à´¯à´¾à´àµà´à´¾à´¨àµà´ à´
à´¨àµà´µà´¦à´¿à´àµà´à´¾à´¤àµà´¤ "
"à´à´°àµ à´
à´¸àµà´µà´¤à´¨àµà´¤àµà´° സഹായരàµà´
നമàµà´®àµà´àµ à´àµà´àµà´à´¾à´¯àµà´®à´¯àµà´àµ
à´à´µà´¶àµà´¯à´àµà´àµ¾ നിറവàµà´±àµà´±àµà´¨àµà´¨à´¿à´²àµà´²."
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"Some kinds of limits on how modifications are done pose no problem. For "
"example, requirements to preserve the original author's copyright notice, "
@@ -1976,7 +2230,7 @@
"മാറàµà´±à´ വരàµà´¤àµà´¤àµà´¨àµà´¨à´¤à´¿àµ½
നിനàµà´¨àµà´ à´¤à´à´¯àµà´¨àµà´¨à´¿à´²àµà´²
à´à´¨àµà´¨à´¤àµà´¤à´¨àµà´¨àµ. മറàµà´±àµà´°àµ തരതàµà´¤à´¿àµ½
പറà´àµà´à´¾àµ½, സഹായരàµà´ "
"സമàµà´ªàµàµ¼à´£à´®à´¾à´¯àµà´
à´à´ªà´¯àµà´à´¿à´àµà´àµà´¨àµà´¨à´¤à´¿àµ½ നിനàµà´¨àµà´
à´¸àµà´µà´¤à´¨àµà´¤àµà´° à´¸àµà´«àµà´±àµà´±àµâà´µàµà´¯àµ¼
à´àµà´àµà´à´¾à´¯àµà´®à´¯àµ à´
à´µ à´¤à´à´¯àµà´¨àµà´¨à´¿à´²àµà´²."
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"However, it must be possible to modify all the <em>technical</em> content of "
"the manual, and then distribute the result in all the usual media, through "
@@ -1988,7 +2242,7 @@
"à´àµà´¯àµà´¯àµà´µà´¾à´¨àµà´ à´à´´à´¿à´¯à´£à´; à´
à´²àµà´²àµà´àµà´à´¿àµ½à´ªà´¿à´¨àµà´¨àµ,
നിയനàµà´¤àµà´°à´£à´àµà´àµ¾
à´àµà´àµà´à´¾à´¯àµà´®à´¯àµà´àµà´àµà´°àµ
à´¤à´à´¸àµà´¸à´®à´¾à´àµà´¨àµà´¨àµ, സഹായരàµà´ "
"à´¸àµà´µà´¤à´¨àµà´¤àµà´°à´®à´¾à´àµà´¨àµà´¨à´¿à´²àµà´²,
മാതàµà´°à´®à´²àµà´² നമàµà´àµà´àµàµ മറàµà´±àµà´°àµ
സഹായരàµà´ à´à´µà´¶àµà´¯à´®à´¾à´¯àµà´ വരàµà´."
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"Will free software developers have the awareness and determination to "
"produce a full spectrum of free manuals? Once again, our future depends on "
@@ -1998,14 +2252,24 @@
"à´¸àµà´µà´¤à´¨àµà´¤àµà´° à´¸àµà´«àµà´±àµà´±àµâà´µàµà´¯àµ¼
ഡവലപàµà´ªàµ¼à´®à´¾àµ¼à´àµà´àµàµ à´à´£àµà´à´¾à´µàµà´®àµ?
à´à´¨àµà´¨àµà´àµà´à´¿ à´à´µàµ¼à´¤àµà´¤à´¿à´àµà´àµà´¨àµà´¨àµ,
നമàµà´®àµà´àµ à´à´¾à´µà´¿ "
"തതàµà´¤àµà´µà´¶à´¾à´¸àµà´¤àµà´°à´¤àµà´¤àµà´àµ
à´à´¶àµà´°à´¯à´¿à´àµà´à´¿à´°à´¿à´àµà´àµà´¨àµà´¨àµ."
-#. type: Content of: <h3>
+#. type: Content of: <div><h3>
msgid "We must talk about freedom"
msgstr "നമàµà´®àµ¾ നിർബനàµà´§à´®à´¾à´¯àµà´
à´¸àµà´µà´¾à´¤à´¨àµà´¤àµà´°àµà´¯à´¤àµà´¤àµ à´àµà´±à´¿à´àµà´àµ
à´¸à´à´¸à´¾à´°à´¿à´àµà´à´£à´"
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
+# | Estimates today are that there are ten million users of GNU/Linux systems
+# | such as Debian GNU/Linux and Red Hat [-“Linux”.-]
+# | {+“Linux.”+} Free software has developed such practical
+# | advantages that users are flocking to it for purely practical reasons.
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "Estimates today are that there are ten million users of GNU/Linux systems "
+#| "such as Debian GNU/Linux and Red Hat “Linux”. Free software "
+#| "has developed such practical advantages that users are flocking to it for "
+#| "purely practical reasons."
msgid ""
"Estimates today are that there are ten million users of GNU/Linux systems "
-"such as Debian GNU/Linux and Red Hat “Linux”. Free software has "
+"such as Debian GNU/Linux and Red Hat “Linux.” Free software has "
"developed such practical advantages that users are flocking to it for purely "
"practical reasons."
msgstr ""
@@ -2014,7 +2278,7 @@
"à´à´ªà´¯àµà´àµà´¤à´¾à´àµà´à´³àµà´àµ വലിയ à´àµà´àµà´à´
തനàµà´¨àµ വരàµà´¨àµà´¨ à´°àµà´¤à´¿à´¯à´¿à´²àµà´³àµà´³
à´ªàµà´°à´¾à´¯àµà´à´¿à´à´®à´¾à´¯ à´¨àµà´àµà´à´àµà´àµ¾
à´¸àµà´µà´¤à´¨àµà´¤àµà´° "
"à´¸àµà´«àµà´±àµà´±àµâà´µàµà´¯àµ¼ ഡവലപàµà´ªàµ
à´àµà´¯àµà´¤à´¿à´àµà´àµà´£àµà´àµàµ."
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"The good consequences of this are evident: more interest in developing free "
"software, more customers for free software businesses, and more ability to "
@@ -2026,7 +2290,7 @@
"à´¸àµà´«àµà´±àµà´±àµâà´µàµà´¯à´±àµà´àµ¾à´àµà´àµ à´ªà´à´°à´
വാണിà´àµà´¯à´ªà´°à´®à´¾à´¯ à´¸àµà´µà´¤à´¨àµà´¤àµà´°
à´¸àµà´«àµà´±àµà´±àµâà´µàµà´¯àµ¼ à´à´¤àµà´ªà´¨àµà´¨à´àµà´àµ¾
ഡവലപàµà´ªàµ à´àµà´¯àµà´¯à´¾à´¨à´¾à´¯à´¿ "
"à´à´®àµà´ªà´¨à´¿à´à´³àµ
à´ªàµà´°àµà´¤àµà´¸à´¾à´¹à´¿à´ªàµà´ªà´¿à´àµà´à´¾àµ» à´àµà´àµà´¤àµ½
à´à´´à´¿à´µàµàµ."
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"But interest in the software is growing faster than awareness of the "
"philosophy it is based on, and this leads to trouble. Our ability to meet "
@@ -2041,7 +2305,7 @@
"à´à´àµà´à´¾à´¶à´àµà´¤à´¿à´¯àµà´£àµà´àµà´¨àµà´¨àµàµ
à´à´±à´ªàµà´ªàµà´µà´°àµà´¤àµà´¤à´¾àµ», à´ªàµà´¤à´¿à´¯
à´à´ªà´¯àµà´àµà´¤à´¾à´àµà´àµ¾
à´àµà´àµà´à´¾à´¯àµà´®à´¯à´¿à´²àµà´àµà´àµ വരàµà´®àµà´ªàµàµ¾
തനàµà´¨àµ നമàµà´®àµ¾ à´ "
"à´à´¶à´¯à´ à´
വരിലàµà´àµà´àµ
à´µàµà´¯à´¾à´ªà´¿à´ªàµà´ªà´¿à´àµà´à´£à´."
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"But we are failing to do so: the efforts to attract new users into our "
"community are far outstripping the efforts to teach them the civics of our "
@@ -2053,11 +2317,11 @@
"à´ªàµà´°à´¯à´¤àµà´¨à´¤àµà´¤à´¿à´¨àµà´ à´à´¤àµà´°à´¯àµ
à´ªàµà´±à´à´¿à´²à´¾à´£àµàµ. നമàµà´®àµ¾ à´ à´°à´£àµà´àµ
à´à´¾à´°àµà´¯à´àµà´à´³àµà´
à´àµà´¯àµà´¯àµà´£àµà´à´¤àµà´£àµà´àµàµ, മാതàµà´°à´®à´²àµà´²
à´ à´°à´£àµà´àµ "
"à´ªàµà´°à´¯à´¤àµà´¨à´àµà´à´³àµà´ നമàµà´®àµ¾
സനàµà´¤àµà´²à´¨à´¾à´µà´¸àµà´¥à´¯à´¿àµ½
à´à´¾à´¤àµà´¤àµà´¸àµà´àµà´·à´¿à´àµà´àµà´à´¯àµà´ à´µàµà´£à´."
-#. type: Content of: <h3>
+#. type: Content of: <div><h3>
msgid "“Open Source”"
msgstr "“à´à´ªàµà´ªàµº à´¸àµà´´àµà´¸àµ”"
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"Teaching new users about freedom became more difficult in 1998, when a part "
"of the community decided to stop using the term “free software” "
@@ -2067,7 +2331,7 @@
"à´àµà´àµà´à´¾à´¯àµà´®à´¯à´¿à´²àµ à´à´°àµ വിà´à´¾à´à´
“à´¸àµà´µà´¤à´¨àµà´¤àµà´°
à´¸àµà´«àµà´±àµà´±àµâà´µàµà´¯àµ¼” à´à´¨àµà´¨ പദà´
à´à´ªà´¯àµà´à´¿à´àµà´àµà´¨àµà´¨à´¤àµ "
"നിർതàµà´¤à´¿ à´ªà´à´°à´ “à´à´ªàµà´ªàµº à´¸àµà´´àµà´¸àµ
à´¸àµà´«àµà´±àµà´±àµâà´µàµà´¯àµ¼”
à´à´¨àµà´¨àµà´ªà´¯àµà´à´¿à´àµà´àµ à´¤àµà´à´àµà´à´¿."
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"Some who favored this term aimed to avoid the confusion of “"
"free” with “gratis”—a valid goal. Others, however, "
@@ -2089,7 +2353,7 @@
"à´à´£àµà´à´¾à´àµà´à´¾à´¨àµà´³àµà´³ സാധàµà´¯à´¤à´¯à´¿àµ½
à´¶àµà´°à´¦àµà´§à´àµà´¨àµà´¦àµà´°àµà´à´°à´¿à´àµà´àµà´¨àµà´¨àµ,
à´à´¨àµà´¨à´¾àµ½ à´¸àµà´µà´¾à´¤à´¨àµà´¤àµà´°àµà´¯à´,
à´àµà´àµà´à´¾à´¯àµà´®, à´à´¦àµ¼à´¶à´ à´¤àµà´à´àµà´à´¿à´¯ "
"à´à´¶à´¯à´àµà´à´³àµ à´à´´à´¿à´µà´¾à´àµà´àµà´¨àµà´¨àµ."
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"The “Linux” magazines are a clear example of this—they are "
"filled with advertisements for proprietary software that works with GNU/"
@@ -2101,7 +2365,7 @@
"à´®àµà´àµà´à´¿à´«àµ à´àµà´¯àµà´àµà´àµ
à´ªàµà´°à´¤àµà´¯à´àµà´·à´ªàµà´ªàµà´àµà´®àµà´ªàµàµ¾, à´
മാà´à´¸à´¿à´¨àµà´àµ¾ à´ªàµà´°àµà´àµà´°à´¾à´®àµ¼à´®à´¾à´°àµà´àµàµ
à´à´µà´¯à´¿àµ½ നിനàµà´¨àµà´ "
"മാറിനിലàµà´àµà´à´¾à´¨àµà´³àµà´³ താà´àµà´àµà´¤àµ
നലàµà´àµà´®àµ à´
തൠà´
വയàµà´àµà´àµà´µàµà´£àµà´à´¿
പരസàµà´¯à´àµà´àµ¾ à´àµà´¯àµà´¯àµà´®àµ?"
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"The support of business can contribute to the community in many ways; all "
"else being equal, it is useful. But winning their support by speaking even "
@@ -2114,12 +2378,24 @@
"à´à´¨àµà´¨àµà´³àµà´³à´¤àµàµ ദാരàµà´£à´®à´¾à´£àµàµ;
à´à´¤àµàµ à´®àµà´®àµà´ªàµ പറà´àµà´, à´àµà´àµà´¤àµ½
à´à´³àµà´à´³à´¿à´²àµà´àµà´àµàµ à´à´¤àµà´¤à´¿à´àµà´àµà´°àµà´,
à´ªàµàµà´°à´§àµ¼à´®àµà´®à´¶à´¾à´¸àµà´¤àµà´° "
"വിദàµà´¯à´¾à´àµà´¯à´¾à´¸à´ à´à´¨àµà´¨à´¿à´µ
തമàµà´®à´¿à´²àµà´³àµà´³ à´
സനàµà´¤àµà´²à´¿à´¤à´¾à´µà´¸àµà´¥à´¯àµ
à´µàµà´£àµà´àµà´ വഷളാà´àµà´àµà´¨àµà´¨àµ."
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
+# | “Free software” and “open source” describe the
+# | same category of software, more or less, but say different things about
+# | the software, and about values. The GNU Project continues to use the term
+# | “free [-software”,-] {+software,”+} to express the idea
+# | that freedom, not just technology, is important.
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "“Free software” and “open source” describe the "
+#| "same category of software, more or less, but say different things about "
+#| "the software, and about values. The GNU Project continues to use the "
+#| "term “free software”, to express the idea that freedom, not "
+#| "just technology, is important."
msgid ""
"“Free software” and “open source” describe the same "
"category of software, more or less, but say different things about the "
"software, and about values. The GNU Project continues to use the term "
-"“free software”, to express the idea that freedom, not just "
+"“free software,” to express the idea that freedom, not just "
"technology, is important."
msgstr ""
"“à´¸àµà´µà´¤à´¨àµà´¤àµà´°
à´¸àµà´«àµà´±àµà´±àµâà´µàµà´¯à´±àµà´” “à´à´ªàµà´ªàµº
à´¸àµà´´àµà´¸àµà´” à´à´±àµà´àµà´àµà´±àµ à´à´°àµ "
@@ -2128,11 +2404,11 @@
"à´¸àµà´«àµà´±àµà´±àµâà´µàµà´¯àµ¼” à´à´¨àµà´¨ പദà´
à´¤àµà´àµ¼à´¨àµà´¨àµà´ à´à´ªà´¯àµà´à´¿à´àµà´àµà´¨àµà´¨àµ,
à´µàµà´±àµà´ സാà´àµà´àµà´¤à´¿à´ വിദàµà´¯
മാതàµà´°à´®à´²àµà´² "
"à´¸àµà´µà´¾à´¤à´¨àµà´¤àµà´°àµà´¯à´®àµà´¨àµà´¨ à´à´¶à´¯à´µàµà´
à´ªàµà´°à´§à´¾à´¨à´®à´¾à´£àµà´¨àµà´¨àµàµ
à´¸àµà´à´¿à´ªàµà´ªà´¿à´àµà´à´¾à´¨à´¾à´£à´¿à´¤àµàµ."
-#. type: Content of: <h3>
+#. type: Content of: <div><h3>
msgid "Try!"
msgstr "à´¶àµà´°à´®à´¿à´àµà´àµ à´¨àµà´àµà´àµ!"
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"Yoda's aphorism (“There is no ‘try’”) sounds neat, "
"but it doesn't work for me. I have done most of my work while anxious about "
@@ -2149,7 +2425,7 @@
"à´¨à´à´°à´¤àµà´¤à´¿à´¨àµà´ à´à´à´¯à´¿àµ½ മറàµà´±à´¾à´°àµà´
à´à´£àµà´à´¾à´¯à´¿à´°àµà´¨àµà´¨à´¿à´²àµà´², à´à´¾àµ» മാതàµà´°à´.
à´à´¨àµà´¨àµ തനàµà´¨àµ
à´à´¶àµà´à´°àµà´¯à´ªàµà´ªàµà´àµà´¤àµà´¤àµà´¨àµà´¨ "
"തരതàµà´¤à´¿àµ½ à´à´¿à´²à´ªàµà´ªàµà´´àµà´àµà´àµ à´à´¾àµ»
വിà´à´¯à´¿à´àµà´à´¿à´àµà´àµà´®àµà´£àµà´àµàµ."
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"Sometimes I failed; some of my cities have fallen. Then I found another "
"threatened city, and got ready for another battle. Over time, I've learned "
@@ -2161,7 +2437,7 @@
"à´à´à´¨àµà´¨àµà´ªàµà´¯à´ªàµà´ªàµàµ¾, à´àµà´·à´£à´¿à´àµ¾à´àµà´àµ
à´µàµà´£àµà´à´¿ തിരയàµà´µà´¾à´¨àµà´
à´à´¨àµà´¨à´¿à´àµà´àµàµ മറàµà´±àµ ഹാà´àµà´àµ¼à´®à´¾à´°àµ
à´à´¨àµà´¨àµà´àµà´ªàµà´ªà´ "
"à´àµà´°à´¾à´¨à´¾à´¯à´¿ വിളിà´àµà´àµà´àµà´£àµà´àµàµ à´
വർà´àµà´àµà´ à´à´¨àµà´±àµ
à´¨à´à´°à´¤àµà´¤à´¿à´¨àµà´®à´¿à´à´¯à´¿àµ½ à´¸àµà´µà´¯à´
നിലàµà´àµà´àµà´µà´¾à´¨àµà´ à´à´¾àµ» പഠിà´àµà´àµ."
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"Nowadays, often I'm not the only one. It is a relief and a joy when I see a "
"regiment of hackers digging in to hold the line, and I realize, this city "
@@ -2177,6 +2453,236 @@
"നിസàµà´¸à´¾à´°à´µà´¤àµà´à´°à´¿à´àµà´à´¾àµ»
à´à´´à´¿à´¯à´¿à´²àµà´². à´
തിനൠനിസàµà´¸à´¾à´°à´®à´¾à´¯à´¿
à´à´¾à´£à´°àµà´¤àµàµ! നിà´àµà´à´³àµà´àµ
à´¸àµà´µà´¾à´¤à´¨àµà´¤àµà´°àµà´¯à´ "
"à´¸à´à´°à´àµà´·à´¿à´àµà´à´£à´®àµà´àµà´à´¿àµ½, നിà´àµà´àµ¾ à´
തിനൠപരിപാലിà´àµà´à´¾à´¨à´¾à´¯à´¿
തയàµà´¯à´¾à´±à´¾à´¯à´¿à´°à´¿à´àµà´à´£à´."
+# type: Content of: <h4>
+#. type: Content of: <div><h3>
+# || No change detected. The change might only be in amounts of spaces.
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid "Footnotes"
+msgid "Footnotes"
+msgstr "à´
à´à´¿à´àµà´àµà´±à´¿à´ªàµà´ªàµàµ"
+
+#. type: Content of: <div><ol><li>
+# | [-(1)-]The use of “hacker” to mean “security
+# | breaker” is a confusion on the part of the mass media. We hackers
+# | refuse to recognize that meaning, and continue using the word to mean
+# | someone who loves to program, someone who enjoys playful cleverness, or
+# | the combination of the two. See my article, [-<a
+# | href=\"http://stallman.org/articles/on-hacking.html\";>On Hacking</a>.-]
+# | {+“<a href=\"https://stallman.org/articles/on-hacking.html\";>On
+# | Hacking</a>.”+}
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "(1) The use of “hacker” to mean “security "
+#| "breaker” is a confusion on the part of the mass media. We hackers "
+#| "refuse to recognize that meaning, and continue using the word to mean "
+#| "someone who loves to program, someone who enjoys playful cleverness, or "
+#| "the combination of the two. See my article, <a href=\"http://stallman.";
+#| "org/articles/on-hacking.html\">On Hacking</a>."
+msgid ""
+"The use of “hacker” to mean “security breaker” is a "
+"confusion on the part of the mass media. We hackers refuse to recognize "
+"that meaning, and continue using the word to mean someone who loves to "
+"program, someone who enjoys playful cleverness, or the combination of the "
+"two. See my article, “<a href=\"https://stallman.org/articles/on-";
+"hacking.html\">On Hacking</a>.”"
+msgstr ""
+"(1) “ഹാà´àµà´àµ¼” à´à´¨àµà´¨ വാà´àµà´àµàµ
“à´¸àµà´°à´àµà´· à´àµà´¦à´àµ»” à´à´¨àµà´¨ à´
ർതàµà´¥à´¤àµà´¤à´¿àµ½ "
+"à´à´ªà´¯àµà´à´¿à´àµà´àµà´¨àµà´¨à´¤àµàµ
ബഹàµà´à´¨à´®à´¾à´§àµà´¯à´®à´àµà´à´³àµà´àµ
à´à´¾à´à´¤àµà´¤àµà´£àµà´à´¾à´¯à´¿à´àµà´àµà´³àµà´³
à´à´¶à´¯à´àµà´àµà´´à´ªàµà´ªà´®à´¾à´£àµàµ. à´à´àµà´àµ¾
ഹാà´àµà´àµ¼à´®à´¾àµ¼ à´ "
+"à´
ർതàµà´¥à´¤àµà´¤àµ à´
à´à´àµà´à´°à´¿à´àµà´àµà´¨àµà´¨à´¿à´²àµà´²,
മാതàµà´°à´®à´²àµà´² à´ªàµà´°àµà´àµà´°à´¾à´
à´àµà´¯àµà´¯à´¾à´¨à´¿à´·àµà´à´ªàµà´ªàµà´àµà´¨àµà´¨,
à´à´³à´¿à´¯à´¾à´¯à´¿à´àµà´àµà´³àµà´³ "
+"സാമർതàµà´¥àµà´¯à´¤àµà´¤àµ
à´à´¸àµà´µà´¦à´¿à´àµà´àµà´¨àµà´¨, à´
à´²àµà´²àµà´àµà´à´¿àµ½ à´à´µ
à´°à´£àµà´àµà´ à´àµà´à´¿à´¯àµà´³àµà´³ à´à´°à´¾àµ¾
à´à´¨àµà´¨àµ¼à´¤àµà´¥à´®à´¾à´àµà´àµà´¨àµà´¨ തരതàµà´¤à´¿àµ½ à´ "
+"വാà´àµà´àµà´ªà´¯àµà´à´¿à´àµà´àµà´¨àµà´¨à´¤àµàµ
à´¤àµà´à´°àµà´à´¯àµà´ à´àµà´¯àµà´¯àµà´¨àµà´¨àµ. <a
href=\"http://stallman.org/articles/on-";
+"hacking.html\">ഹാà´àµà´à´¿à´àµà´à´¿à´¨àµ
à´àµà´±à´¿à´àµà´àµà´³àµà´³</a> à´à´¨àµà´±àµ à´²àµà´à´¨à´
à´à´¾à´£àµà´."
+
+#. type: Content of: <div><ol><li>
+# | [-(1)-]As an Atheist, I don't follow any religious leaders, but I
+# | sometimes find I admire something one of them has said.
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "(1) As an Atheist, I don't follow any religious leaders, but I sometimes "
+#| "find I admire something one of them has said."
+msgid ""
+"As an Atheist, I don't follow any religious leaders, but I sometimes find I "
+"admire something one of them has said."
+msgstr ""
+"(1) à´à´°àµ നിരàµà´¶àµà´µà´°à´µà´¾à´¦à´¿
à´à´¯à´¤àµà´àµà´£àµà´àµà´¤à´¨àµà´¨àµ,
മതനàµà´¤à´¾à´àµà´à´¨àµà´®à´¾à´°àµ à´à´¾àµ»
പിനàµà´¤àµà´à´°à´¾à´±à´¿à´²àµà´², à´à´¨àµà´¨à´¾àµ½ "
+"à´à´¿à´²à´ªàµà´ªàµà´´àµà´àµà´àµ à´
വരിൽ à´à´°à´¾àµ¾
പറà´àµà´à´¿à´àµà´àµà´³àµà´³ à´à´¨àµà´¤àµà´àµà´à´¿à´²àµà´
à´à´¾à´°àµà´¯à´¤àµà´¤àµ à´à´¾àµ»
à´à´°à´¾à´§à´¿à´àµà´àµà´¨àµà´¨à´¤à´¾à´¯à´¿ à´à´¾à´£àµà´¨àµà´¨àµ."
+
+#. type: Content of: <div><ol><li>
+# | [-(1)-]In 1984 or 1985, Don Hopkins (a very imaginative fellow) mailed me
+# | a letter. [-On-] {+<a href=\"/graphics/copyleft-sticker.html\">On+} the
+# | [-envelope-] {+envelope</a>+} he had written several amusing sayings,
+# | including this one: “Copyleft—all rights reversed.” I
+# | used the word “copyleft” to name the distribution concept I
+# | was developing at the time.
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "(1) In 1984 or 1985, Don Hopkins (a very imaginative fellow) mailed me a "
+#| "letter. On the envelope he had written several amusing sayings, "
+#| "including this one: “Copyleft—all rights reversed.” I "
+#| "used the word “copyleft” to name the distribution concept I "
+#| "was developing at the time."
+msgid ""
+"In 1984 or 1985, Don Hopkins (a very imaginative fellow) mailed me a "
+"letter. <a href=\"/graphics/copyleft-sticker.html\">On the envelope</a> he "
+"had written several amusing sayings, including this one: “"
+"Copyleft—all rights reversed.” I used the word “"
+"copyleft” to name the distribution concept I was developing at the "
+"time."
+msgstr ""
+"(1) 1984-ലൠ1985-à´²àµ, à´¡àµàµº à´¹àµà´ªàµà´à´¿àµ»à´¸àµ
(വളരൠà´à´¾à´µà´¨à´¾à´¤àµà´®à´à´¤à´¯àµà´àµà´àµà´à´¿à´¯
à´à´°àµ à´à´àµà´à´¾à´¤à´¿) à´à´¨à´¿à´àµà´àµà´°àµ "
+"à´à´¤àµà´¤à´¯à´àµà´àµ. à´à´µà´±à´¿à´¨àµ à´®àµà´à´³à´¿àµ½
à´°à´¸à´à´°à´®à´¾à´¯ പല വാà´àµà´¯à´àµà´à´³àµà´ à´
യാൾ
à´à´´àµà´¤à´¿à´¯à´¿à´àµà´àµà´£àµà´à´¾à´¯à´¿à´°àµà´¨àµà´¨àµ, à´
തിലàµà´¨àµà´¨à´¾à´£à´¿à´¤àµàµ: "
+"“Copyleft—all rights reversed. “copyleft”
à´à´¨àµà´¨ വാà´àµà´àµàµ à´ "
+"സമയതàµà´¤àµ à´à´¾àµ» വിà´à´¸à´¿à´ªàµà´ªà´¿à´àµà´àµ
à´àµà´£àµà´à´¿à´°àµà´¨àµà´¨ à´à´°àµ വിതരണ
à´à´¶à´¯à´¤àµà´¤à´¿à´¨àµ à´ªàµà´°à´¿à´à´¾àµ» à´à´¾àµ»
à´à´ªà´¯àµà´à´¿à´àµà´àµ."
+
+#. type: Content of: <div><ol><li>
+# | [-(2)-]We now use the <a href=\"/licenses/fdl.html\">GNU Free
+# | Documentation License</a> for documentation.
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "(2) We now use the <a href=\"/licenses/fdl.html\">GNU Free Documentation "
+#| "License</a> for documentation."
+msgid ""
+"We now use the <a href=\"/licenses/fdl.html\">GNU Free Documentation "
+"License</a> for documentation."
+msgstr ""
+"(2) à´¡àµà´àµà´¯àµà´®àµà´¨àµà´±àµà´·à´¨àµ à´µàµà´£àµà´à´¿ <a
href=\"/licenses/fdl.html\">à´àµà´¨àµ à´¸àµà´µà´¤à´¨àµà´¤àµà´°
à´¡àµà´àµà´¯àµà´®àµà´¨àµà´±àµà´·àµ» "
+"à´
à´¨àµà´®à´¤à´¿à´ªà´¤àµà´°à´</a> à´à´£àµàµ à´à´àµà´àµ¾
à´à´ªàµà´ªàµàµ¾ à´à´ªà´¯àµà´à´¿à´àµà´àµà´¨àµà´¨à´¤àµàµ."
+
+#. type: Content of: <div><ol><li>
+# | [-(1)-]“Bourne Again Shell” is a play on the name
+# | “Bourne [-Shell”,-] {+Shell,”+} which was the usual
+# | shell on Unix.
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "(1) “Bourne Again Shell” is a play on the name “Bourne "
+#| "Shell”, which was the usual shell on Unix."
+msgid ""
+"“Bourne Again Shell” is a play on the name “Bourne Shell,"
+"” which was the usual shell on Unix."
+msgstr ""
+"(1) “à´¬àµàµ¼àµº à´à´àµàµ» à´·àµàµ½ (Bourne Again Shell)”
à´à´¨àµà´¨à´¤àµàµ à´¯àµà´£à´¿à´àµà´¸à´¿àµ½
സാധാരണയായി "
+"à´à´£àµà´à´¾à´¯à´¿à´°àµà´¨àµà´¨ à´·àµàµ½ à´à´¯ “à´¬àµàµ¼àµº
à´·àµàµ½” à´à´¨àµà´¨ à´ªàµà´°à´¿à´²àµà´³àµà´³ à´à´°àµ
à´à´³à´¿à´¯à´¾à´£àµàµ."
+
+#. type: Content of: <div><ol><li>
+# | [-(1)-]That was written in 1998. In 2009 we no longer maintain a long
+# | task list. The community develops free software so fast that we can't
+# | even keep track of it all. Instead, we have a list of High Priority
+# | Projects, a much shorter list of projects we really want to encourage
+# | people to write.
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "(1) That was written in 1998. In 2009 we no longer maintain a long task "
+#| "list. The community develops free software so fast that we can't even "
+#| "keep track of it all. Instead, we have a list of High Priority Projects, "
+#| "a much shorter list of projects we really want to encourage people to "
+#| "write."
+msgid ""
+"That was written in 1998. In 2009 we no longer maintain a long task list. "
+"The community develops free software so fast that we can't even keep track "
+"of it all. Instead, we have a list of High Priority Projects, a much "
+"shorter list of projects we really want to encourage people to write."
+msgstr ""
+"(1) 1998-ൽ à´à´£àµàµ à´
à´¤àµàµ à´à´´àµà´¤à´¿à´¯à´¤àµàµ. 2009
à´à´¯à´ªàµà´ªàµà´´àµà´àµà´àµà´ വലിയ à´à´°àµ
à´à´¾à´¸àµà´àµ à´ªà´àµà´à´¿à´
പരിപാലിà´àµà´àµà´¨àµà´¨à´¤àµàµ "
+"à´à´àµà´àµ¾ നിർതàµà´¤à´¿. à´à´àµà´àµ¾à´àµà´àµàµ
à´à´²àµà´²à´¾à´ à´àµà´°à´¾à´àµà´àµ à´àµà´¯àµà´¯à´¾àµ»
à´ªàµà´²àµà´ പറàµà´±à´¾à´¤àµà´¤à´¤àµà´° à´µàµà´à´¤à´¯à´¿àµ½
à´à´®àµà´®àµà´¯àµà´£à´¿à´±àµà´±à´¿ "
+"à´¸àµà´µà´¤à´¨àµà´¤àµà´° à´¸àµà´«àµà´±àµà´±àµâà´µàµà´¯àµ¼
ഡവലപàµà´ªàµ à´àµà´¯àµà´¯àµà´¨àµà´¨àµ. à´ªà´à´°à´,
വളരൠപàµà´°à´¾à´§à´¾à´¨àµà´¯à´®àµà´³àµà´³
à´¸à´à´°à´à´à´àµà´à´³àµà´àµ (High "
+"Priority Projects) à´à´°àµ à´ªà´àµà´à´¿à´
à´à´àµà´àµ¾à´àµà´àµà´£àµà´àµàµ, à´à´³àµà´à´³àµ
à´à´´àµà´¤à´¾à´¨à´¾à´¯à´¿
à´ªàµà´°àµà´¤àµà´¸à´¾à´¹à´¿à´ªàµà´ªà´¿à´àµà´à´¾àµ» à´à´àµà´àµ¾ "
+"à´à´¤àµà´®à´¾àµ¼à´¤àµà´¥à´®à´¾à´¯à´¿
à´à´àµà´°à´¹à´¿à´àµà´àµà´¨àµà´¨ à´¸à´à´°à´à´à´àµà´à´³àµà´àµ
à´àµà´±à´¿à´¯ à´ªà´àµà´à´¿à´."
+
+#. type: Content of: <div><ol><li>
+# | [-(1)-]This license is now called the GNU Lesser General Public License,
+# | to avoid giving the idea that all libraries ought to use it. See <a
+# | href=\"/philosophy/why-not-lgpl.html\">Why you shouldn't use the Lesser
+# | GPL for your next library</a> for more information.
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "(1) This license is now called the GNU Lesser General Public License, to "
+#| "avoid giving the idea that all libraries ought to use it. See <a href=\"/"
+#| "philosophy/why-not-lgpl.html\">Why you shouldn't use the Lesser GPL for "
+#| "your next library</a> for more information."
+msgid ""
+"This license is now called the GNU Lesser General Public License, to avoid "
+"giving the idea that all libraries ought to use it. See <a href=\"/"
+"philosophy/why-not-lgpl.html\">Why you shouldn't use the Lesser GPL for your "
+"next library</a> for more information."
+msgstr ""
+"(1) à´à´ªàµà´ªàµàµ¾ à´ à´
à´¨àµà´®à´¤à´¿à´ªà´¤àµà´°à´¤àµà´¤àµ
à´àµà´¨àµ à´²àµà´¸àµà´¸àµ¼ à´à´¨à´±àµ½ പബàµà´²à´¿à´àµ
à´²àµà´¸àµ»à´¸àµ à´à´¨àµà´¨à´¾à´£àµ
വിളിà´àµà´àµà´¨àµà´¨à´¤àµàµ, à´à´²àµà´²à´¾ "
+"à´²àµà´¬àµà´°à´±à´¿à´à´³àµà´
à´à´¤àµà´ªà´¯àµà´à´¿à´àµà´à´£à´®àµà´¨àµà´¨àµà´³àµà´³ à´à´¶à´¯à´
à´à´´à´¿à´µà´¾à´àµà´à´¾à´¨à´¾à´£à´¿à´¤àµàµ. à´àµà´àµà´¤àµ½
വിവരà´àµà´àµ¾à´àµà´àµàµ <a href=\"/"
+"philosophy/why-not-lgpl.html\">à´à´¨àµà´¤àµà´àµà´£àµà´àµàµ
നിà´àµà´à´³àµà´àµ à´
à´àµà´¤àµà´¤
à´²àµà´¬àµà´°à´±à´¿à´¯àµà´àµà´àµàµ à´²àµà´¸àµà´¸àµ¼
à´à´¿à´ªà´¿à´àµ½ "
+"à´à´ªà´¯àµà´à´¿à´àµà´à´¾àµ» പാà´à´¿à´²àµà´²</a> à´à´¨àµà´¨
à´²àµà´à´¨à´ à´à´¾à´£àµà´."
+
+#. type: Content of: <div><ol><li>
+# | [-(-]2008 note: this issue extends to the BIOS as well. There is a free
+# | BIOS, <a [-href=\"http://www.libreboot.org/\";>LibreBoot</a>-]
+# | {+href=\"https://libreboot.org/\";>LibreBoot</a>+} (a distribution of
+# | coreboot); the problem is getting specs for machines so that LibreBoot can
+# | support them without nonfree [-“blobs”.)-]
+# | {+“blobs.”+}
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "(2008 note: this issue extends to the BIOS as well. There is a free "
+#| "BIOS, <a href=\"http://www.libreboot.org/\";>LibreBoot</a> (a distribution "
+#| "of coreboot); the problem is getting specs for machines so that LibreBoot "
+#| "can support them without nonfree “blobs”.)"
+msgid ""
+"2008 note: this issue extends to the BIOS as well. There is a free BIOS, <a "
+"href=\"https://libreboot.org/\";>LibreBoot</a> (a distribution of coreboot); "
+"the problem is getting specs for machines so that LibreBoot can support them "
+"without nonfree “blobs.”"
+msgstr ""
+"(2008 à´àµà´±à´¿à´ªàµà´ªàµ: à´ à´ªàµà´°à´¶àµà´¨à´ BIOS-à´²àµà´
à´à´£àµà´àµàµ. à´à´°àµ à´¸àµà´µà´¤à´¨àµà´¤àµà´° BIOS à´à´£àµàµ,
<a href=\"http://www.";
+"libreboot.org/\">ലിബàµà´¬àµà´àµà´àµ(LibreBoot)</a>
(à´àµàµ¼à´¬àµà´àµà´àµ(coreboot)-à´¨àµà´±àµ à´à´°àµ
വിതരണà´); "
+"à´
à´¸àµà´µà´¤à´¨àµà´¤àµà´° “à´¬àµà´²àµà´¬àµà´àµ¾”
à´à´¨àµà´¨àµà´ à´àµà´à´¾à´¤àµ à´®àµà´·àµà´¨àµà´à´³àµ
പിനàµà´¤àµà´£à´¯àµà´àµà´à´¾à´¨à´¾à´¯à´¿
ലിബàµà´¬àµà´àµà´à´¿à´¨àµàµ "
+"à´
വയàµà´àµ à´¸àµà´ªàµà´àµà´àµà´àµ¾
à´²à´à´¿à´àµà´àµà´¨àµà´¨à´¤à´¿à´²à´¾à´£àµàµ à´à´µà´¿à´àµ
à´ªàµà´°à´¶àµà´¨à´.)"
+
+#. type: Content of: <div><ol><li>
+# | [-[Subsequent note: in-]{+In+} September 2000, Qt was rereleased under the
+# | GNU GPL, which essentially solved this problem.[-]-]
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "[Subsequent note: in September 2000, Qt was rereleased under the GNU GPL, "
+#| "which essentially solved this problem.]"
+msgid ""
+"In September 2000, Qt was rereleased under the GNU GPL, which essentially "
+"solved this problem."
+msgstr ""
+"[പിനàµà´¨àµà´àµà´³àµà´³ à´àµà´±à´¿à´ªàµà´ªàµàµ: 2000
à´¸àµà´ªàµà´±àµà´±à´à´¬à´±à´¿àµ½, à´àµà´¨àµ
à´à´¿à´ªà´¿à´à´²àµà´²à´¿à´¨àµ à´àµà´´à´¿àµ½ à´àµà´¯àµà´àµà´àµ
à´ªàµà´¨à´à´ªàµà´°à´¸à´¿à´¦àµà´§àµà´à´°à´¿à´àµà´àµ, "
+"à´
à´¤àµàµ à´ à´ªàµà´°à´¶àµà´¨à´ പരിഹരിà´àµà´àµ.]"
+
+#. type: Content of: <div><ol><li>
+msgid "As of 2009, the GIF patents have expired."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <div><ol><li>
+msgid ""
+"As of 2017, the MP3 patents have expired. Look how long we had to wait."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <div><div><p>
+# | Originally published in the book [-<em>Open Sources</em>.-] {+<cite>Open
+# | Sources</cite>.+} Richard Stallman was <a
+# | href=\"/philosophy/open-source-misses-the-point.html\"> never a supporter
+# | of “open source”</a>, but contributed this article so that the
+# | ideas of the free software movement would not be entirely absent from that
+# | book.
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "Originally published in the book <em>Open Sources</em>. Richard Stallman "
+#| "was <a href=\"/philosophy/open-source-misses-the-point.html\"> never a "
+#| "supporter of “open source”</a>, but contributed this article "
+#| "so that the ideas of the free software movement would not be entirely "
+#| "absent from that book."
+msgid ""
+"Originally published in the book <cite>Open Sources</cite>. Richard "
+"Stallman was <a href=\"/philosophy/open-source-misses-the-point.html\"> "
+"never a supporter of “open source”</a>, but contributed this "
+"article so that the ideas of the free software movement would not be "
+"entirely absent from that book."
+msgstr ""
+"<em>à´à´ªàµà´ªàµº à´¸àµà´´àµà´¸à´¸àµ</em> à´à´¨àµà´¨
à´ªàµà´¸àµà´¤à´à´¤àµà´¤à´¿àµ½ à´à´¦àµà´¯à´®à´¾à´¯à´¿
à´ªàµà´°à´¸à´¿à´¦àµà´§àµà´à´°à´¿à´àµà´à´¤àµàµ.
റിà´àµà´à´¾àµ¼à´¡àµ à´¸àµà´±àµà´±à´¾àµ¾à´®à´¾àµ» <a "
+"href=\"/philosophy/open-source-misses-the-point.html\">
à´à´°à´¿à´àµà´à´²àµà´ “à´à´ªàµà´ªàµº "
+"à´¸àµà´´àµà´¸à´¿”à´¨àµ
പിനàµà´¤àµà´£à´àµà´à´¿à´àµà´à´¿à´²àµà´²</a>, à´à´¨àµà´¨à´¾àµ½
à´¸àµà´µà´¤à´¨àµà´¤àµà´° à´¸àµà´«àµà´±àµà´±àµâà´µàµà´¯àµ¼
à´ªàµà´°à´¸àµà´¥à´¾à´¨à´¤àµà´¤à´¿à´¨àµà´±àµ à´à´¶à´¯à´àµà´àµ¾ "
+"à´ à´ªàµà´¸àµà´¤à´à´¤àµà´¤à´¿àµ½ à´ªàµàµ¼à´£à´®à´¾à´¯àµà´
à´à´²àµà´²à´¾à´¤à´¾à´µàµà´¨àµà´¨à´¤àµàµ
à´à´´à´¿à´µà´¾à´àµà´à´¾à´¨à´¾à´£àµàµ à´ à´²àµà´à´¨à´
à´¸à´à´à´¾à´µà´¨ à´àµà´¯àµà´¤à´¤àµàµ."
+
#. TRANSLATORS: Use space (SPC) as msgstr if you don't have notes.
#. type: Content of: <div>
msgid "*GNUN-SLOT: TRANSLATOR'S NOTES*"
@@ -2207,6 +2713,7 @@
"നിരàµâà´¦àµà´¦àµà´¶à´àµà´à´³àµà´ à´
à´à´¿à´ªàµà´°à´¾à´¯à´àµà´à´³àµà´ <a
href=\"mailto:webmasters@gnu.org\";><"
"webmasters@gnu.org></a> à´à´¨àµà´¨
വിലാസതàµà´¤à´¿à´²àµà´¯àµà´àµà´àµàµ
à´à´´àµà´¤à´¾à´µàµà´¨àµà´¨à´¤à´¾à´£àµàµ."
+# TODO: submitting -> contributing.
# type: Content of: <div><p>
#. TRANSLATORS: Ignore the original text in this paragraph,
#. replace it with the translation of these two:
@@ -2215,14 +2722,20 @@
#. Please send your comments and general suggestions in this regard
#. to <a href="mailto:web-translators@gnu.org";>
#. <web-translators@gnu.org></a>.</p>
-#. <p>For information on coordinating and submitting translations of
+#. <p>For information on coordinating and contributing translations of
#. our web pages, see <a
#. href="/server/standards/README.translations.html">Translations
#. README</a>.
#. type: Content of: <div><div><p>
+# || No change detected. The change might only be in amounts of spaces.
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "Please see the <a href=\"/server/standards/README.translations.html"
+#| "\">Translations README</a> for information on coordinating and "
+#| "contributing translations of this article."
msgid ""
"Please see the <a href=\"/server/standards/README.translations.html"
-"\">Translations README</a> for information on coordinating and submitting "
+"\">Translations README</a> for information on coordinating and contributing "
"translations of this article."
msgstr ""
"à´àµà´¨àµ താളàµà´à´³àµà´àµ മലയാളà´
പരിà´à´¾à´·à´à´³àµâ à´àµà´¤àµà´¯à´µàµà´
നിലവാരമàµà´³àµà´³à´¤àµà´®à´¾à´àµà´à´¾àµ»
à´à´àµà´à´³àµâ പരമാവധി
à´¶àµà´°à´®à´¿à´àµà´àµà´¨àµà´¨àµà´£àµà´àµàµ. "
@@ -2233,9 +2746,15 @@
"README.translations.html\">Translations README</a> à´¨àµà´àµà´àµà´."
#. type: Content of: <div><p>
+# | Copyright © 1998, [-2001, 2002,-] 2005, [-2006, 2007,-] 2008, 2010,
+# | 201[-4-]{+2+}, 2015, 2017, 2018, 202[-0-]{+1+} Richard Stallman
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "Copyright © 1998, 2001, 2002, 2005, 2006, 2007, 2008, 2010, 2014, "
+#| "2015, 2017, 2018, 2020 Richard Stallman"
msgid ""
-"Copyright © 1998, 2001, 2002, 2005, 2006, 2007, 2008, 2010, 2014, 2015, "
-"2017, 2018, 2020 Richard Stallman"
+"Copyright © 1998, 2005, 2008, 2010, 2012, 2015, 2017, 2018, 2021 "
+"Richard Stallman"
msgstr ""
"Copyright © 1998, 2001, 2002, 2005, 2006, 2007, 2008, 2010, 2014, 2015, "
"2017, 2018, 2020 Richard Stallman | റിà´àµà´à´¾àµ¼à´¡àµ
à´¸àµà´±àµà´±à´¾àµ¾à´®à´¾àµ»"
@@ -2262,10 +2781,16 @@
msgid "Updated:"
msgstr "à´ªàµà´¤àµà´àµà´à´¿à´¯à´¤àµàµ:"
-#. type: Content of: <div><p>
-msgid ""
-"Copyright © 1998, 2001, 2002, 2005, 2006, 2007, 2008, 2010, 2014, 2015, "
-"2017, 2018, 2020, 2021 Richard Stallman"
-msgstr ""
-"Copyright © 1998, 2001, 2002, 2005, 2006, 2007, 2008, 2010, 2014, 2015, "
-"2017, 2018, 2020, 2021 Richard Stallman | റിà´àµà´à´¾àµ¼à´¡àµ
à´¸àµà´±àµà´±à´¾àµ¾à´®à´¾àµ»"
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "by <a href=\"http://www.stallman.org/\";><strong>Richard Stallman</"
+#~ "strong></a>"
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "<a href=\"http://www.stallman.org/\";><strong>റിà´àµà´à´¾àµ¼à´¡àµ
à´¸àµà´±àµà´±à´¾àµ¾à´®à´¾àµ»</strong></"
+#~ "a> à´à´´àµà´¤à´¿à´¯à´¤àµàµ"
+
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "Copyright © 1998, 2001, 2002, 2005, 2006, 2007, 2008, 2010, 2014, "
+#~ "2015, 2017, 2018, 2020, 2021 Richard Stallman"
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "Copyright © 1998, 2001, 2002, 2005, 2006, 2007, 2008, 2010, 2014, "
+#~ "2015, 2017, 2018, 2020, 2021 Richard Stallman |
റിà´àµà´à´¾àµ¼à´¡àµ à´¸àµà´±àµà´±à´¾àµ¾à´®à´¾àµ»"
Index: thegnuproject.nl.po
===================================================================
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retrieving revision 1.42
retrieving revision 1.43
diff -u -b -r1.42 -r1.43
--- thegnuproject.nl.po 24 Oct 2021 07:25:20 -0000 1.42
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"Last-Translator: Justin van Steijn <jvs@fsfe.org>\n"
"Language-Team: Dutch\n"
@@ -17,6 +17,7 @@
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"Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8\n"
"Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit\n"
+"X-Outdated-Since: 2021-10-24 07:25+0000\n"
"X-Generator: Poedit 2.3\n"
#. type: Content of: <title>
@@ -28,45 +29,22 @@
msgstr ""
"GNU, GNU-project, FSF, Vrije software, Free Software Foundation, Geschiedenis"
-#. type: Content of: <h2>
+#. type: Content of: <div><h2>
msgid "The GNU Project"
msgstr "Het GNU-project"
-#. type: Content of: <p>
-msgid ""
-"by <a href=\"http://www.stallman.org/\";><strong>Richard Stallman</strong></a>"
-msgstr ""
-"door <a href=\"http://www.stallman.org/\";><strong>Richard Stallman</strong></"
-"a>"
-
-#. type: Content of: <blockquote><p>
-msgid ""
-"Originally published in the book <em>Open Sources</em>. Richard Stallman "
-"was <a href=\"/philosophy/open-source-misses-the-point.html\"> never a "
-"supporter of “open source”</a>, but contributed this article so "
-"that the ideas of the free software movement would not be entirely absent "
-"from that book."
-msgstr ""
-"Gepubliceerd in het boek <em>Open Sources</em>. Richard Stallman was <a "
-"href=\"/philosophy/open-source-misses-the-point.html\"> nooit een "
-"voorstander van “open source”</a>, maar droeg bij met dit "
-"artikel zodat het gedachtegoed van de vrije-softwarebeweging niet zouden "
-"ontbreken in dit boek."
+#. type: Content of: <div><address>
+# || No change detected. The change might only be in amounts of spaces.
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid "by <a href=\"https://www.stallman.org/\";>Richard Stallman</a>"
+msgid "by <a href=\"https://www.stallman.org/\";>Richard Stallman</a>"
+msgstr "door <a href=\"https://www.stallman.org/\";>Richard Stallman</a>"
-#. type: Content of: <blockquote><p>
-msgid ""
-"Why it is even more important than ever <a href=\"/philosophy/free-software-"
-"even-more-important.html\">to insist that the software we use be free</a>."
-msgstr ""
-"Waarom het belangrijker is dan ooit om <a href=\"/philosophy/free-software-"
-"even-more-important.html\">aan te dringen op het gebruik van vrije software</"
-"a>."
-
-#. type: Content of: <h3>
+#. type: Content of: <div><h3>
msgid "The first software-sharing community"
msgstr "De eerste software-delende gemeenschap"
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"When I started working at the <abbr title=\"Massachusetts Institute of "
"Technology\">MIT</abbr> Artificial Intelligence Lab in 1971, I became part "
@@ -82,15 +60,32 @@
"eigen gemeenschap; het is al zo oud als de computer, net als het uitwisselen "
"van recepten zo oud is als koken. Maar wij deden het meer dan de meesten."
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
+# | The AI Lab used a timesharing operating system called <abbr
+# | title=\"Incompatible Timesharing System\">ITS</abbr> (the Incompatible
+# | Timesharing System) that the lab's staff [-hackers (1)-]
+# | {+hackers <a href=\"#ft1\">[1]</a>+} had designed and written in
+# | assembler language for the Digital <abbr title=\"Programmed Data
+# | Processor\">PDP</abbr>-10, one of the large computers of the era. As a
+# | member of this community, an AI Lab staff system hacker, my job was to
+# | improve this system.
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "The AI Lab used a timesharing operating system called <abbr title="
+#| "\"Incompatible Timesharing System\">ITS</abbr> (the Incompatible "
+#| "Timesharing System) that the lab's staff hackers (1) had designed and "
+#| "written in assembler language for the Digital <abbr title=\"Programmed "
+#| "Data Processor\">PDP</abbr>-10, one of the large computers of the era. "
+#| "As a member of this community, an AI Lab staff system hacker, my job was "
+#| "to improve this system."
msgid ""
"The AI Lab used a timesharing operating system called <abbr title="
"\"Incompatible Timesharing System\">ITS</abbr> (the Incompatible Timesharing "
-"System) that the lab's staff hackers (1) had designed and written in "
-"assembler language for the Digital <abbr title=\"Programmed Data Processor"
-"\">PDP</abbr>-10, one of the large computers of the era. As a member of "
-"this community, an AI Lab staff system hacker, my job was to improve this "
-"system."
+"System) that the lab's staff hackers <a href=\"#ft1\">[1]</a> had "
+"designed and written in assembler language for the Digital <abbr title="
+"\"Programmed Data Processor\">PDP</abbr>-10, one of the large computers of "
+"the era. As a member of this community, an AI Lab staff system hacker, my "
+"job was to improve this system."
msgstr ""
"Het Laboratorium voor Kunstmatige Intelligentie (KI lab.) gebruikte een "
"timesharing besturingssysteem met de naam <abbr title=\"Incompatible "
@@ -101,9 +96,24 @@
"computers uit die tijd. Als lid van deze gemeenschap, een hacker van het KI "
"lab., was het mijn taak dit systeem te verbeteren."
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
+# | We did not call our software “free [-software”,-]
+# | {+software,”+} because that term did not yet exist; but that is what
+# | it was. Whenever people from another university or a company wanted to
+# | port and use a program, we gladly let them. If you saw someone using an
+# | unfamiliar and interesting program, you could always ask to see the source
+# | code, so that you could read it, change it, or cannibalize parts of it to
+# | make a new program.
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "We did not call our software “free software”, because that "
+#| "term did not yet exist; but that is what it was. Whenever people from "
+#| "another university or a company wanted to port and use a program, we "
+#| "gladly let them. If you saw someone using an unfamiliar and interesting "
+#| "program, you could always ask to see the source code, so that you could "
+#| "read it, change it, or cannibalize parts of it to make a new program."
msgid ""
-"We did not call our software “free software”, because that term "
+"We did not call our software “free software,” because that term "
"did not yet exist; but that is what it was. Whenever people from another "
"university or a company wanted to port and use a program, we gladly let "
"them. If you saw someone using an unfamiliar and interesting program, you "
@@ -118,27 +128,20 @@
"bron code zodat je het kon lezen, veranderen, en er stukken uit slopen om "
"een nieuw programma te maken."
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><div><p>
msgid ""
-"(1) The use of “hacker” to mean “security breaker” "
-"is a confusion on the part of the mass media. We hackers refuse to "
-"recognize that meaning, and continue using the word to mean someone who "
-"loves to program, someone who enjoys playful cleverness, or the combination "
-"of the two. See my article, <a href=\"http://stallman.org/articles/on-";
-"hacking.html\">On Hacking</a>."
+"Why it is even more important than ever <a href=\"/philosophy/free-software-"
+"even-more-important.html\">to insist that the software we use be free</a>."
msgstr ""
-"(1) Het gebruik van het woord “hacker” in de betekenis van "
-"“digitale inbreker” is een fout van de media. Wij hackers "
-"weigeren deze betekenis te accepteren, en gaan door met de originele "
-"betekenis âIemand die van programmeren houdt en/of er plezier in heeft er "
-"goed in te zijnâ. Zie ook mijn artikel: <a href=\"http://stallman.org/";
-"articles/on-hacking.html\">On Hacking</a>."
+"Waarom het belangrijker is dan ooit om <a href=\"/philosophy/free-software-"
+"even-more-important.html\">aan te dringen op het gebruik van vrije software</"
+"a>."
-#. type: Content of: <h3>
+#. type: Content of: <div><h3>
msgid "The collapse of the community"
msgstr "Het instorten van de gemeenschap"
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"The situation changed drastically in the early 1980s when Digital "
"discontinued the PDP-10 series. Its architecture, elegant and powerful in "
@@ -152,15 +155,32 @@
"werden in de tachtiger jaren. Dit betekende dat bijna alle programma's voor "
"ITS verouderd waren."
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
+# | The AI Lab hacker community had already collapsed, not long before. In
+# | 1981, the spin-off company Symbolics had hired away nearly all of the
+# | hackers from the AI Lab, and the depopulated community was unable to
+# | maintain itself. (The book [-Hackers,-] {+<cite>Hackers</cite>,+} by
+# | Steve Levy, describes these events, as well as giving a clear picture of
+# | this community in its prime.) When the AI Lab bought a new PDP-10 in
+# | 1982, its administrators decided to use Digital's nonfree timesharing
+# | system instead of ITS.
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "The AI Lab hacker community had already collapsed, not long before. In "
+#| "1981, the spin-off company Symbolics had hired away nearly all of the "
+#| "hackers from the AI Lab, and the depopulated community was unable to "
+#| "maintain itself. (The book Hackers, by Steve Levy, describes these "
+#| "events, as well as giving a clear picture of this community in its "
+#| "prime.) When the AI Lab bought a new PDP-10 in 1982, its administrators "
+#| "decided to use Digital's nonfree timesharing system instead of ITS."
msgid ""
"The AI Lab hacker community had already collapsed, not long before. In "
"1981, the spin-off company Symbolics had hired away nearly all of the "
"hackers from the AI Lab, and the depopulated community was unable to "
-"maintain itself. (The book Hackers, by Steve Levy, describes these events, "
-"as well as giving a clear picture of this community in its prime.) When the "
-"AI Lab bought a new PDP-10 in 1982, its administrators decided to use "
-"Digital's nonfree timesharing system instead of ITS."
+"maintain itself. (The book <cite>Hackers</cite>, by Steve Levy, describes "
+"these events, as well as giving a clear picture of this community in its "
+"prime.) When the AI Lab bought a new PDP-10 in 1982, its administrators "
+"decided to use Digital's nonfree timesharing system instead of ITS."
msgstr ""
"De gemeenschap van KI Lab hackers was kort daarvoor al ingestort. In 1981 "
"had het spin-off bedrijf Symbolics bijna alle hackers van het KI lab. "
@@ -170,7 +190,7 @@
"de nieuwe PDP-10 kocht in 1982 besloten de beheerders om het private "
"timesharing systeem van Digital te gebruiken, in plaats van ITS."
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"The modern computers of the era, such as the VAX or the 68020, had their own "
"operating systems, but none of them were free software: you had to sign a "
@@ -181,7 +201,7 @@
"geheimhoudingsplicht ondertekenen om zelfs maar een gecompileerde kopie te "
"krijgen."
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"This meant that the first step in using a computer was to promise not to "
"help your neighbor. A cooperating community was forbidden. The rule made "
@@ -195,7 +215,7 @@
"“Als u uw software deelt met uw buurman, bent u een piraat. Als u "
"veranderingen wilt in een programma, smeek ons er dan om.”"
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"The idea that the proprietary software social system—the system that "
"says you are not allowed to share or change software—is antisocial, "
@@ -218,11 +238,27 @@
"hard gewerkt om mensen te overtuigen dat er maar één manier is "
"om naar deze zaak te kijken."
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
+# | When software publishers talk about “enforcing” their
+# | “rights” or “stopping <a
+# | [-href=\"/philosophy/words-to-avoid.html#Piracy\">piracy</a>”,-]
+# | {+href=\"/philosophy/words-to-avoid.html#Piracy\">piracy</a>,”+}
+# | what they actually <em>say</em> is secondary. The real message of these
+# | statements is in the unstated assumptions they take for granted, which the
+# | public is asked to accept without examination. Let's therefore examine
+# | them.
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "When software publishers talk about “enforcing” their “"
+#| "rights” or “stopping <a href=\"/philosophy/words-to-avoid."
+#| "html#Piracy\">piracy</a>”, what they actually <em>say</em> is "
+#| "secondary. The real message of these statements is in the unstated "
+#| "assumptions they take for granted, which the public is asked to accept "
+#| "without examination. Let's therefore examine them."
msgid ""
"When software publishers talk about “enforcing” their “"
"rights” or “stopping <a href=\"/philosophy/words-to-avoid."
-"html#Piracy\">piracy</a>”, what they actually <em>say</em> is "
+"html#Piracy\">piracy</a>,” what they actually <em>say</em> is "
"secondary. The real message of these statements is in the unstated "
"assumptions they take for granted, which the public is asked to accept "
"without examination. Let's therefore examine them."
@@ -234,7 +270,7 @@
"die ze maken, en van de maatschappij wordt verwacht dat ze dit klakkeloos "
"overnemen. Laten we die aannames eens aan een onderzoek onderwerpen."
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"One assumption is that software companies have an unquestionable natural "
"right to own software and thus have power over all its users. (If this were "
@@ -252,7 +288,7 @@
"kunstmatig door de overheid in stand gehouden monopolie, dat het natuurlijk "
"gebruikersrecht om te kopiëren aan banden legt."
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"Another unstated assumption is that the only important thing about software "
"is what jobs it allows you to do—that we computer users should not "
@@ -262,7 +298,7 @@
"is wat je er mee kunt doen—dat wij computergebruikers niet "
"maatschappelijk betrokken zouden mogen zijn."
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"A third assumption is that we would have no usable software (or would never "
"have a program to do this or that particular job) if we did not offer a "
@@ -277,7 +313,7 @@
"dat wij meer dan genoeg bruikbare software kunnen maken, zonder het aan de "
"ketting te leggen."
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"If we decline to accept these assumptions, and judge these issues based on "
"ordinary commonsense morality while placing the users first, we arrive at "
@@ -291,13 +327,31 @@
"om programma's aan te passen aan hun behoeften, om de software vrij met "
"elkaar te delen, omdat andere mensen helpen de basis van een maatschappij is."
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
+# | There is no room here for an extensive statement of the reasoning behind
+# | this conclusion, so I refer the reader to [-the web pages <a
+# | href=\"/philosophy/why-free.html\">
+# | http://www.gnu.org/philosophy/why-free.html</a>-] {+“<a
+# | href=\"/philosophy/why-free.html\">Why Software Should Not Have
+# | Owners</a>,”+} and [-<a
+# | href=\"/philosophy/free-software-even-more-important.html\">
+# | http://www.gnu.org/philosophy/free-software-even-more-important.html</a>.-]
+# | {+“<a
+# | href=\"/philosophy/free-software-even-more-important.html\">Free Software
+# | Is Even More Important Now</a>.”+}
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "There is no room here for an extensive statement of the reasoning behind "
+#| "this conclusion, so I refer the reader to the web pages <a href=\"/"
+#| "philosophy/why-free.html\"> http://www.gnu.org/philosophy/why-free.html</"
+#| "a> and <a href=\"/philosophy/free-software-even-more-important.html\"> "
+#| "http://www.gnu.org/philosophy/free-software-even-more-important.html</a>."
msgid ""
"There is no room here for an extensive statement of the reasoning behind "
-"this conclusion, so I refer the reader to the web pages <a href=\"/"
-"philosophy/why-free.html\"> http://www.gnu.org/philosophy/why-free.html</a> "
-"and <a href=\"/philosophy/free-software-even-more-important.html\"> http://";
-"www.gnu.org/philosophy/free-software-even-more-important.html</a>."
+"this conclusion, so I refer the reader to “<a href=\"/philosophy/why-"
+"free.html\">Why Software Should Not Have Owners</a>,” and “<a "
+"href=\"/philosophy/free-software-even-more-important.html\">Free Software Is "
+"Even More Important Now</a>.”"
msgstr ""
"Dit stuk wordt te lang met een uitgebreide verhandeling over de motivatie "
"achter deze conclusie, dus ik verwijs de lezer door naar deze pagina's: <a "
@@ -305,11 +359,11 @@
"html</a> en <a href=\"/philosophy/free-software-even-more-important.html\"> "
"http://www.gnu.org/philosophy/free-software-even-more-important.html</a>."
-#. type: Content of: <h3>
+#. type: Content of: <div><h3>
msgid "A stark moral choice"
msgstr "Een duidelijke morele keuze"
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"With my community gone, to continue as before was impossible. Instead, I "
"faced a stark moral choice."
@@ -317,7 +371,7 @@
"Nu mijn gemeenschap verdwenen was, kon ik niet op de oude voet doorgaan. In "
"plaats daarvan werd ik geconfronteerd met een scherpe morele keuze."
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"The easy choice was to join the proprietary software world, signing "
"nondisclosure agreements and promising not to help my fellow hacker. Most "
@@ -331,7 +385,7 @@
"onder geheimhoudingsplicht zou worden gepubliceerd, en zo de druk verhogen "
"op andere mensen om ook hun medemens te verraden."
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"I could have made money this way, and perhaps amused myself writing code. "
"But I knew that at the end of my career, I would look back on years of "
@@ -344,7 +398,7 @@
"opgebouwd die mensen verdelen, en het gevoel zou hebben dat ik mijn leven in "
"dienst gesteld zou hebben van het verergeren van de toestand in de wereld."
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"I had already experienced being on the receiving end of a nondisclosure "
"agreement, when someone refused to give me and the MIT AI Lab the source "
@@ -363,7 +417,7 @@
"met ons te delen; ik kon mezelf niet verloochenen en anderen hetzelfde "
"aandoen."
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"Another choice, straightforward but unpleasant, was to leave the computer "
"field. That way my skills would not be misused, but they would still be "
@@ -376,7 +430,7 @@
"voor het verdelen en beperken van computergebruikers, maar dat zou zonder "
"mij toch wel gebeuren."
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"So I looked for a way that a programmer could do something for the good. I "
"asked myself, was there a program or programs that I could write, so as to "
@@ -386,7 +440,7 @@
"doen. Ik vroeg mezelf af of er een programma was dat ik zou kunnen "
"schrijven, zodat een gemeenschap weer opnieuw mogelijk werd?"
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"The answer was clear: what was needed first was an operating system. That "
"is the crucial software for starting to use a computer. With an operating "
@@ -405,7 +459,24 @@
"kunnen gebruiken, zonder mee te hoeven doen aan een samenzwering die haar of "
"zijn vrienden uitsluit."
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
+# | As an operating system developer, I had the right skills for this job. So
+# | even though I could not take success for granted, I realized that I was
+# | elected to do the job. I chose to make the system compatible with Unix so
+# | that it would be portable, and so that Unix users could easily switch to
+# | it. The name GNU was chosen, following a hacker tradition, as a recursive
+# | acronym for “GNU's Not Unix.” It is pronounced as <a
+# | href=\"/gnu/pronunciation.html\">one syllable with a [-hard g</a>.-]
+# | {+hard <i>g</i></a>.+}
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "As an operating system developer, I had the right skills for this job. "
+#| "So even though I could not take success for granted, I realized that I "
+#| "was elected to do the job. I chose to make the system compatible with "
+#| "Unix so that it would be portable, and so that Unix users could easily "
+#| "switch to it. The name GNU was chosen, following a hacker tradition, as "
+#| "a recursive acronym for “GNU's Not Unix.” It is pronounced as "
+#| "<a href=\"/gnu/pronunciation.html\">one syllable with a hard g</a>."
msgid ""
"As an operating system developer, I had the right skills for this job. So "
"even though I could not take success for granted, I realized that I was "
@@ -413,7 +484,7 @@
"that it would be portable, and so that Unix users could easily switch to "
"it. The name GNU was chosen, following a hacker tradition, as a recursive "
"acronym for “GNU's Not Unix.” It is pronounced as <a href=\"/gnu/"
-"pronunciation.html\">one syllable with a hard g</a>."
+"pronunciation.html\">one syllable with a hard <i>g</i></a>."
msgstr ""
"Als ontwikkelaar van besturingssystemen had ik de juiste vaardigheden. Dus "
"hoewel succes niet verzekerd was realiseerde ik me dat ik dit werk zou "
@@ -424,7 +495,7 @@
"wordt uitgesproken als <i>knoe</i>, als <a href=\"/gnu/pronunciation.html"
"\">één lettergreep met een zachte k</a>."
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"An operating system does not mean just a kernel, barely enough to run other "
"programs. In the 1970s, every operating system worthy of the name included "
@@ -439,40 +510,38 @@
"nog veel meer. ITS had ze, Multics had ze, VMS had ze, en Unix had ze. Het "
"GNU-besturingssysteem zou ze ook hebben."
-#. type: Content of: <p>
-msgid "Later I heard these words, attributed to Hillel (1):"
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
+# | Later I heard these words, attributed to [-Hillel (1):-] {+Hillel <a
+# | href=\"#ft2\">[2]</a>:+}
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid "Later I heard these words, attributed to Hillel (1):"
+msgid ""
+"Later I heard these words, attributed to Hillel <a href=\"#ft2\">[2]</"
+"a>:"
msgstr "Later hoorde ik deze woorden, toegeschreven aan Hillel (1):"
-#. type: Content of: <blockquote><p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><blockquote><p>
msgid "If I am not for myself, who will be for me?"
msgstr "Als ik niet voor mezelf ben, wie zal dan voor mij zijn?"
-#. type: Content of: <blockquote><p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><blockquote><p>
msgid "If I am only for myself, what am I?"
msgstr "Als ik alleen voor mezelf ben, wat ben ik dan?"
-#. type: Content of: <blockquote><p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><blockquote><p>
msgid "If not now, when?"
msgstr "Wanneer niet nu, wanneer dan?"
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid "The decision to start the GNU Project was based on a similar spirit."
msgstr ""
"De beslissing om te starten met het GNU-project is hierop geïnspireerd."
-#. type: Content of: <p>
-msgid ""
-"(1) As an Atheist, I don't follow any religious leaders, but I sometimes "
-"find I admire something one of them has said."
-msgstr ""
-"(1) Als atheïst volg ik geen religieuze leiders, maar soms ontdek ik "
-"dat ik iets bewonder wat sommige van ze hebben gezegd."
-
-#. type: Content of: <h3>
+#. type: Content of: <div><h3>
msgid "Free as in freedom"
msgstr "Vrij als in vrijheid"
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"The term “free software” is sometimes misunderstood—it has "
"nothing to do with price. It is about freedom. Here, therefore, is the "
@@ -483,17 +552,17 @@
"free” kan zowel <em>vrij</em> als <em>gratis</em> betekenen, vandaar "
"deze uitleg). Daarom hier de definitie van vrije software."
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid "A program is free software, for you, a particular user, if:"
msgstr ""
"Een programma kun je vrije software noemen, voor jou als gebruiker, wanneer:"
-#. type: Content of: <ul><li>
+#. type: Content of: <div><ul><li>
msgid "You have the freedom to run the program as you wish, for any purpose."
msgstr ""
"Je hebt de vrijheid het programma uit te voeren, voor welk doel dan ook."
-#. type: Content of: <ul><li>
+#. type: Content of: <div><ul><li>
msgid ""
"You have the freedom to modify the program to suit your needs. (To make "
"this freedom effective in practice, you must have access to the source code, "
@@ -505,13 +574,13 @@
"omdat veranderingen aanbrengen in een programma zonder broncode bijzonder "
"moeilijk is.)"
-#. type: Content of: <ul><li>
+#. type: Content of: <div><ul><li>
msgid ""
"You have the freedom to redistribute copies, either gratis or for a fee."
msgstr ""
"Je de vrijheid hebt om kopieën te verspreiden, gratis of tegen betaling."
-#. type: Content of: <ul><li>
+#. type: Content of: <div><ul><li>
msgid ""
"You have the freedom to distribute modified versions of the program, so that "
"the community can benefit from your improvements."
@@ -519,7 +588,7 @@
"Je de vrijheid hebt om aangepaste versies van het programma te verspreiden, "
"zodat je verbeteringen de gemeenschap ten goede komen."
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"Since “free” refers to freedom, not to price, there is no "
"contradiction between selling copies and free software. In fact, the "
@@ -536,14 +605,34 @@
"software ontwikkeling. Daarom is een programma dat mensen niet bij zo'n "
"verzameling kunnen voegen geen vrije software."
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
+# | Because of the ambiguity of [-“free”,-]
+# | {+“free,”+} people have long looked for alternatives, but no
+# | one has found a better term. The English language has more words and
+# | nuances than any other, but it lacks a simple, unambiguous, word that
+# | means [-“free”,-] {+“free,”+} as in
+# | freedom—“unfettered” being the word that comes closest
+# | in meaning. Such alternatives as [-“liberated”,
+# | “freedom”,-] {+“liberated,”
+# | “freedom,”+} and “open” have either the wrong
+# | meaning or some other disadvantage.
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "Because of the ambiguity of “free”, people have long looked "
+#| "for alternatives, but no one has found a better term. The English "
+#| "language has more words and nuances than any other, but it lacks a "
+#| "simple, unambiguous, word that means “free”, as in "
+#| "freedom—“unfettered” being the word that comes closest "
+#| "in meaning. Such alternatives as “liberated”, “"
+#| "freedom”, and “open” have either the wrong meaning or "
+#| "some other disadvantage."
msgid ""
-"Because of the ambiguity of “free”, people have long looked for "
+"Because of the ambiguity of “free,” people have long looked for "
"alternatives, but no one has found a better term. The English language has "
"more words and nuances than any other, but it lacks a simple, unambiguous, "
-"word that means “free”, as in freedom—“"
+"word that means “free,” as in freedom—“"
"unfettered” being the word that comes closest in meaning. Such "
-"alternatives as “liberated”, “freedom”, and “"
+"alternatives as “liberated,” “freedom,” and “"
"open” have either the wrong meaning or some other disadvantage."
msgstr ""
"Vanwege de dubbelzinnigheid van “free”, zijn mensen al lang op "
@@ -554,11 +643,11 @@
"komt. Alternatieven als “bevrijd”, “vrijheid”, en "
"“open” hebben ofwel de verkeerde betekenis of een ander nadeel."
-#. type: Content of: <h3>
+#. type: Content of: <div><h3>
msgid "GNU software and the GNU system"
msgstr "GNU-software en het GNU-systeem"
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"Developing a whole system is a very large project. To bring it into reach, "
"I decided to adapt and use existing pieces of free software wherever that "
@@ -573,7 +662,7 @@
"Systeem te gaan gebruiken in plaats van opnieuw een venstersysteem te "
"schrijven voor GNU."
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"Because of these decisions, and others like them, the GNU system is not the "
"same as the collection of all GNU software. The GNU system includes "
@@ -587,11 +676,11 @@
"projecten met hun eigen drijfveren - maar die we kunnen gebruiken omdat ze "
"vrije software zijn."
-#. type: Content of: <h3>
+#. type: Content of: <div><h3>
msgid "Commencing the project"
msgstr "Start van het project"
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"In January 1984 I quit my job at MIT and began writing GNU software. "
"Leaving MIT was necessary so that MIT would not be able to interfere with "
@@ -611,7 +700,7 @@
"alleen maar om het te zien veranderen in iets tegengesteld aan het doel: het "
"creëren van een nieuwe software-delende gemeenschap."
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"However, Professor Winston, then the head of the MIT AI Lab, kindly invited "
"me to keep using the lab's facilities."
@@ -620,15 +709,29 @@
"vriendelijk me uit te nodigen om gebruik te blijven maken van de "
"faciliteiten van het lab."
-#. type: Content of: <h3>
+#. type: Content of: <div><h3>
msgid "The first steps"
msgstr "De eerste stappen"
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
+# | Shortly before beginning the GNU Project, I heard about the Free
+# | University Compiler Kit, also known as VUCK. (The Dutch word for
+# | “free” is written with a [-<em>v</em>.)-] {+<i>v</i>.)+} This
+# | was a compiler designed to handle multiple languages, including C and
+# | Pascal, and to support multiple target machines. I wrote to its author
+# | asking if GNU could use it.
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "Shortly before beginning the GNU Project, I heard about the Free "
+#| "University Compiler Kit, also known as VUCK. (The Dutch word for “"
+#| "free” is written with a <em>v</em>.) This was a compiler designed "
+#| "to handle multiple languages, including C and Pascal, and to support "
+#| "multiple target machines. I wrote to its author asking if GNU could use "
+#| "it."
msgid ""
"Shortly before beginning the GNU Project, I heard about the Free University "
"Compiler Kit, also known as VUCK. (The Dutch word for “free” is "
-"written with a <em>v</em>.) This was a compiler designed to handle multiple "
+"written with a <i>v</i>.) This was a compiler designed to handle multiple "
"languages, including C and Pascal, and to support multiple target machines. "
"I wrote to its author asking if GNU could use it."
msgstr ""
@@ -637,7 +740,7 @@
"meerdere programmeertalen, zoals C en Pascal, en ondersteunde meerdere "
"machines. Ik schreef naar de auteur met de vraag of GNU het mocht gebruiken."
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"He responded derisively, stating that the university was free but the "
"compiler was not. I therefore decided that my first program for the GNU "
@@ -647,7 +750,7 @@
"de compiler. Daarom besloot ik dat mijn eerste programma voor het GNU-"
"project een compiler voor meerdere talen en platformen zou worden."
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"Hoping to avoid the need to write the whole compiler myself, I obtained the "
"source code for the Pastel compiler, which was a multiplatform compiler "
@@ -667,11 +770,31 @@
"moest ik opgeven toen ik ontdekte dat de compiler vele megabytes aan "
"stackruimte nodig had, en het 68000 Unix systeem maar 64k had."
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
+# | I then realized that the Pastel compiler functioned by parsing the entire
+# | input file into a syntax tree, converting the whole syntax tree into a
+# | chain of [-“instructions”,-] {+“instructions,”+}
+# | and then generating the whole output file, without ever freeing any
+# | storage. At this point, I concluded I would have to write a new compiler
+# | from scratch. That new compiler is now known as <abbr title=\"GNU
+# | Compiler Collection\">GCC</abbr>; none of the Pastel compiler is used in
+# | it, but I managed to adapt and use the C front end that I had written.
+# | But that was some years later; first, I worked on GNU Emacs.
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "I then realized that the Pastel compiler functioned by parsing the entire "
+#| "input file into a syntax tree, converting the whole syntax tree into a "
+#| "chain of “instructions”, and then generating the whole output "
+#| "file, without ever freeing any storage. At this point, I concluded I "
+#| "would have to write a new compiler from scratch. That new compiler is "
+#| "now known as <abbr title=\"GNU Compiler Collection\">GCC</abbr>; none of "
+#| "the Pastel compiler is used in it, but I managed to adapt and use the C "
+#| "front end that I had written. But that was some years later; first, I "
+#| "worked on GNU Emacs."
msgid ""
"I then realized that the Pastel compiler functioned by parsing the entire "
"input file into a syntax tree, converting the whole syntax tree into a chain "
-"of “instructions”, and then generating the whole output file, "
+"of “instructions,” and then generating the whole output file, "
"without ever freeing any storage. At this point, I concluded I would have "
"to write a new compiler from scratch. That new compiler is now known as "
"<abbr title=\"GNU Compiler Collection\">GCC</abbr>; none of the Pastel "
@@ -688,11 +811,11 @@
"maar ik was in staat het eerder geschreven C front-end aan te passen en erin "
"te verwerken. Maar dat was enkele jaren later; eerst werkte ik aan GNU Emacs."
-#. type: Content of: <h3>
+#. type: Content of: <div><h3>
msgid "GNU Emacs"
msgstr "GNU Emacs"
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"I began work on GNU Emacs in September 1984, and in early 1985 it was "
"beginning to be usable. This enabled me to begin using Unix systems to do "
@@ -704,7 +827,7 @@
"schrijven op Unix systemen; ik had geen zin om het gebruik van vi of ed te "
"leren, en had mijn schrijfwerk tot nog toe op andere machines gedaan."
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"At this point, people began wanting to use GNU Emacs, which raised the "
"question of how to distribute it. Of course, I put it on the anonymous ftp "
@@ -724,7 +847,7 @@
"en konden geen kopie per ftp krijgen. De vraag was dus, wat had ik ze te "
"vertellen?"
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"I could have said, “Find a friend who is on the net and who will make "
"a copy for you.” Or I could have done what I did with the original "
@@ -746,11 +869,11 @@
"Op deze manier begon ik de vrije-software-business, een voorloper van de "
"bedrijven die vandaag de dag hele GNU/Linux-systemen distribueren."
-#. type: Content of: <h3>
+#. type: Content of: <div><h3>
msgid "Is a program free for every user?"
msgstr "Is een programma vrij voor iedere gebruiker?"
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"If a program is free software when it leaves the hands of its author, this "
"does not necessarily mean it will be free software for everyone who has a "
@@ -770,7 +893,7 @@
"maar worden ze onder een simpele licentie verspreidt, die veel toestaat, "
"waaronder private, aangepaste versies."
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"The paradigmatic example of this problem is the X Window System. Developed "
"at MIT, and released as free software with a permissive license, it was soon "
@@ -785,11 +908,23 @@
"exclusief in binaire vorm en onder dezelfde geheimhoudingsplicht. Deze "
"kopieën van X waren net zo min vrij als Unix was."
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
+# | The developers of the X Window System did not consider this a
+# | problem—they expected and intended this to happen. Their goal was
+# | not freedom, just [-“success”,-] {+“success,”+}
+# | defined as “having many users.” They did not care whether
+# | these users had freedom, only that they should be numerous.
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "The developers of the X Window System did not consider this a "
+#| "problem—they expected and intended this to happen. Their goal was "
+#| "not freedom, just “success”, defined as “having many "
+#| "users.” They did not care whether these users had freedom, only "
+#| "that they should be numerous."
msgid ""
"The developers of the X Window System did not consider this a problem—"
"they expected and intended this to happen. Their goal was not freedom, just "
-"“success”, defined as “having many users.” They did "
+"“success,” defined as “having many users.” They did "
"not care whether these users had freedom, only that they should be numerous."
msgstr ""
"De ontwikkelaars van het X Window systeem vonden dit geen probleem—ze "
@@ -797,7 +932,7 @@
"“succes”, als in “veel gebruikers”. Het kon ze niet "
"schelen of de gebruikers vrijheid hadden, alleen dat het er veel zouden zijn."
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"This led to a paradoxical situation where two different ways of counting the "
"amount of freedom gave different answers to the question, “Is this "
@@ -816,16 +951,27 @@
"gebruikten de private versie die gebundeld was met Unix systemen, niet de "
"vrije versie."
-#. type: Content of: <h3>
+#. type: Content of: <div><h3>
msgid "Copyleft and the GNU GPL"
msgstr "Auteursplicht en de GNU GPL"
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
+# | The goal of GNU was to give users freedom, not just to be popular. So we
+# | needed to use distribution terms that would prevent GNU software from
+# | being turned into proprietary software. The method we use is called
+# | [-“copyleft”.(1)-] {+“copyleft” <a
+# | href=\"#ft3\">[3]</a>.+}
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "The goal of GNU was to give users freedom, not just to be popular. So we "
+#| "needed to use distribution terms that would prevent GNU software from "
+#| "being turned into proprietary software. The method we use is called "
+#| "“copyleft”.(1)"
msgid ""
"The goal of GNU was to give users freedom, not just to be popular. So we "
"needed to use distribution terms that would prevent GNU software from being "
"turned into proprietary software. The method we use is called “"
-"copyleft”.(1)"
+"copyleft” <a href=\"#ft3\">[3]</a>."
msgstr ""
"Het doel van GNU was om gebruikers vrijheid te geven, niet om slechts "
"populair te zijn. We hadden dus distributievoorwaarden nodig die zouden "
@@ -833,7 +979,7 @@
"die we gebruiken heet “auteursplicht”(1) (of op zijn Engels: "
"“copyleft”)"
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"Copyleft uses copyright law, but flips it over to serve the opposite of its "
"usual purpose: instead of a means for restricting a program, it becomes a "
@@ -843,7 +989,7 @@
"tegendeel van het gewoonlijke doel wordt gediend: in plaats van een methode "
"om software te privatiseren, wordt het een middel om software vrij te houden."
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"The central idea of copyleft is that we give everyone permission to run the "
"program, copy the program, modify the program, and distribute modified "
@@ -858,7 +1004,7 @@
"worden daarom gegarandeerd aan iedereen die een kopie heeft; het worden "
"onvervreemdbare rechten."
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"For an effective copyleft, modified versions must also be free. This "
"ensures that work based on ours becomes available to our community if it is "
@@ -874,7 +1020,7 @@
"dat hun werkgever zegt, “Jij kunt die veranderingen niet delen, omdat "
"we ze gaan gebruiken voor onze private versie van het programma.”"
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"The requirement that changes must be free is essential if we want to ensure "
"freedom for every user of the program. The companies that privatized the X "
@@ -891,7 +1037,7 @@
"kan gelden om gebruikers van hun vrijheid te beroven, zou het voor iedereen "
"makkelijk zijn met dit excuus hun eigen voordeel te doen."
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"A related issue concerns combining a free program with nonfree code. Such a "
"combination would inevitably be nonfree; whichever freedoms are lacking for "
@@ -910,13 +1056,27 @@
"er mee wordt gecombineerd, moet zorgen dat de grotere gecombineerde versie "
"ook vrij en auteursplichtig is."
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
+# | The specific implementation of copyleft that we use for most GNU software
+# | is the GNU General Public License, or GNU GPL for short. We have other
+# | kinds of copyleft that are used in specific circumstances. GNU manuals
+# | are copylefted also, but use a much simpler kind of copyleft, because the
+# | complexity of the GNU GPL is not necessary for [-manuals.(2)-]
+# | {+manuals. <a href=\"#ft4\">[4]</a>+}
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "The specific implementation of copyleft that we use for most GNU software "
+#| "is the GNU General Public License, or GNU GPL for short. We have other "
+#| "kinds of copyleft that are used in specific circumstances. GNU manuals "
+#| "are copylefted also, but use a much simpler kind of copyleft, because the "
+#| "complexity of the GNU GPL is not necessary for manuals.(2)"
msgid ""
"The specific implementation of copyleft that we use for most GNU software is "
"the GNU General Public License, or GNU GPL for short. We have other kinds "
"of copyleft that are used in specific circumstances. GNU manuals are "
"copylefted also, but use a much simpler kind of copyleft, because the "
-"complexity of the GNU GPL is not necessary for manuals.(2)"
+"complexity of the GNU GPL is not necessary for manuals. <a href="
+"\"#ft4\">[4]</a>"
msgstr ""
"De specifieke implementatie van auteursplicht die we voor de meeste GNU-"
"software gebruiken is de GNU General Public License (“GNU Algemene "
@@ -925,39 +1085,34 @@
"auteursplichtig, maar gebruiken een veel eenvoudiger vorm, omdat de "
"gecompliceerdheid van de GNU GPL onnodig is voor handleidingen.(2)"
-#. type: Content of: <p>
-msgid ""
-"(1) In 1984 or 1985, Don Hopkins (a very imaginative fellow) mailed me a "
-"letter. On the envelope he had written several amusing sayings, including "
-"this one: “Copyleft—all rights reversed.” I used the word "
-"“copyleft” to name the distribution concept I was developing at "
-"the time."
-msgstr ""
-"(1) In 1984 of 1985 stuurde Don Hopkins (een erg fantasievolle kerel) me "
-"een brief. Op de enveloppe had hij wat grappige gezegden geschreven, "
-"waaronder deze: “Copyleft—all rights reversed.” (“"
-"Auteursplicht—alle rechten omgedraaid”, nvdv). Ik gebruikte het "
-"woord “auteursplicht” als werknaam voor het distributieconcept "
-"dat ik op dat moment aan het ontwikkelen was."
-
-#. type: Content of: <p>
-msgid ""
-"(2) We now use the <a href=\"/licenses/fdl.html\">GNU Free Documentation "
-"License</a> for documentation."
-msgstr ""
-"(2) We gebruiken nu de <a href=\"/licenses/fdl.html\"> GNU Free "
-"Documentation License </a> (\"GNU Vrije Documentatie Licentie\", nvdv) voor "
-"documentatie."
-
-#. type: Content of: <h3>
+#. type: Content of: <div><h3>
msgid "The Free Software Foundation"
msgstr "De Free Software Foundation (Stichting voor Vrije Software)"
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
+# | As interest in using Emacs was growing, other people became involved in
+# | the GNU project, and we decided that it was time to seek funding once
+# | again. So in 1985 we created the <a
+# | href=\"http{+s+}://www.fsf.org/\">Free Software Foundation</a> (FSF), a
+# | tax-exempt charity for free software development. The <abbr title=\"Free
+# | Software Foundation\">FSF</abbr> also took over the Emacs tape
+# | distribution business; later it extended this by adding other free
+# | software (both GNU and non-GNU) to the tape, and by selling free manuals
+# | as well.
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "As interest in using Emacs was growing, other people became involved in "
+#| "the GNU project, and we decided that it was time to seek funding once "
+#| "again. So in 1985 we created the <a href=\"http://www.fsf.org/\";>Free "
+#| "Software Foundation</a> (FSF), a tax-exempt charity for free software "
+#| "development. The <abbr title=\"Free Software Foundation\">FSF</abbr> "
+#| "also took over the Emacs tape distribution business; later it extended "
+#| "this by adding other free software (both GNU and non-GNU) to the tape, "
+#| "and by selling free manuals as well."
msgid ""
"As interest in using Emacs was growing, other people became involved in the "
"GNU project, and we decided that it was time to seek funding once again. So "
-"in 1985 we created the <a href=\"http://www.fsf.org/\";>Free Software "
+"in 1985 we created the <a href=\"https://www.fsf.org/\";>Free Software "
"Foundation</a> (FSF), a tax-exempt charity for free software development. "
"The <abbr title=\"Free Software Foundation\">FSF</abbr> also took over the "
"Emacs tape distribution business; later it extended this by adding other "
@@ -973,16 +1128,37 @@
"vrije software (GNU en niet-GNU) toe te voegen aan de tape, en met de "
"verkoop van vrije handleidingen."
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
+# | Most of the FSF's income used to come from sales of copies of free
+# | software and of other related services (CD-ROMs of source code, CD-ROMs
+# | with binaries, nicely printed manuals, all with the freedom to
+# | redistribute and modify), and Deluxe Distributions (distributions for
+# | which we built the whole collection of software for the customer's choice
+# | of platform). Today the FSF still <a href=\"http{+s+}://shop.fsf.org/\">
+# | sells manuals and other gear</a>, but it gets the bulk of its funding from
+# | members' dues. You can join the FSF at <a
+# | [-href=\"http://fsf.org/join\";>fsf.org</a>.-]
+# | {+href=\"https://my.fsf.org/join\";>fsf.org</a>.+}
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "Most of the FSF's income used to come from sales of copies of free "
+#| "software and of other related services (CD-ROMs of source code, CD-ROMs "
+#| "with binaries, nicely printed manuals, all with the freedom to "
+#| "redistribute and modify), and Deluxe Distributions (distributions for "
+#| "which we built the whole collection of software for the customer's choice "
+#| "of platform). Today the FSF still <a href=\"http://shop.fsf.org/\";> "
+#| "sells manuals and other gear</a>, but it gets the bulk of its funding "
+#| "from members' dues. You can join the FSF at <a href=\"http://fsf.org/join";
+#| "\">fsf.org</a>."
msgid ""
"Most of the FSF's income used to come from sales of copies of free software "
"and of other related services (CD-ROMs of source code, CD-ROMs with "
"binaries, nicely printed manuals, all with the freedom to redistribute and "
"modify), and Deluxe Distributions (distributions for which we built the "
"whole collection of software for the customer's choice of platform). Today "
-"the FSF still <a href=\"http://shop.fsf.org/\";> sells manuals and other "
+"the FSF still <a href=\"https://shop.fsf.org/\";> sells manuals and other "
"gear</a>, but it gets the bulk of its funding from members' dues. You can "
-"join the FSF at <a href=\"http://fsf.org/join\";>fsf.org</a>."
+"join the FSF at <a href=\"https://my.fsf.org/join\";>fsf.org</a>."
msgstr ""
"De FSF accepteert donaties, maar het grootste deel van de inkomsten kwam "
"altijd uit de verkoop—kopieën van vrije software, en aanverwante "
@@ -995,7 +1171,24 @@
"lidmaatschap. Je kunt lid worden van de FSF bij <a href=\"http://fsf.org/";
"join\">fsf.org</a>."
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
+# | Free Software Foundation employees have written and maintained a number of
+# | GNU software packages. Two notable ones are the C library and the shell.
+# | The GNU C library is what every program running on a GNU/Linux system uses
+# | to communicate with Linux. It was developed by a member of the Free
+# | Software Foundation staff, Roland McGrath. The shell used on most
+# | GNU/Linux systems is <abbr title=\"Bourne Again Shell\">BASH</abbr>, the
+# | Bourne Again [-Shell(1),-] {+SHell <a href=\"#ft5\">[5]</a>,+} which
+# | was developed by FSF employee Brian Fox.
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "Free Software Foundation employees have written and maintained a number "
+#| "of GNU software packages. Two notable ones are the C library and the "
+#| "shell. The GNU C library is what every program running on a GNU/Linux "
+#| "system uses to communicate with Linux. It was developed by a member of "
+#| "the Free Software Foundation staff, Roland McGrath. The shell used on "
+#| "most GNU/Linux systems is <abbr title=\"Bourne Again Shell\">BASH</abbr>, "
+#| "the Bourne Again Shell(1), which was developed by FSF employee Brian Fox."
msgid ""
"Free Software Foundation employees have written and maintained a number of "
"GNU software packages. Two notable ones are the C library and the shell. "
@@ -1003,7 +1196,8 @@
"to communicate with Linux. It was developed by a member of the Free "
"Software Foundation staff, Roland McGrath. The shell used on most GNU/Linux "
"systems is <abbr title=\"Bourne Again Shell\">BASH</abbr>, the Bourne Again "
-"Shell(1), which was developed by FSF employee Brian Fox."
+"SHell <a href=\"#ft5\">[5]</a>, which was developed by FSF employee "
+"Brian Fox."
msgstr ""
"Free Software Foundation werknemers hebben een aantal GNU-software pakketten "
"geschreven en onderhouden. Twee opmerkelijke zijn de C bibliotheek en de "
@@ -1014,7 +1208,7 @@
"Again Shell\">BASH</abbr>, de Bourne Again Shell(1), die werd ontwikkeld "
"door FSF werknemer Brian Fox."
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"We funded development of these programs because the GNU Project was not just "
"about tools or a development environment. Our goal was a complete operating "
@@ -1024,20 +1218,11 @@
"niet slechts ging over een software-ontwikkelomgeving. Ons doel was een "
"compleet besturingssysteem, en deze programma's waren daarvoor nodig."
-#. type: Content of: <p>
-msgid ""
-"(1) “Bourne Again Shell” is a play on the name “Bourne "
-"Shell”, which was the usual shell on Unix."
-msgstr ""
-"(1) “Bourne again Shell” (<em>Opnieuw geboren Schil</em>, nvdv) "
-"is een woordgrapje met de naam “Bourne Shell”, de meest "
-"voorkomende shell op Unix."
-
-#. type: Content of: <h3>
+#. type: Content of: <div><h3>
msgid "Free software support"
msgstr "Ondersteuning voor vrije software"
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"The free software philosophy rejects a specific widespread business "
"practice, but it is not against business. When businesses respect the "
@@ -1047,7 +1232,7 @@
"commerciële activiteit, maar is niet vies van commercie. Als bedrijven "
"de vrijheid van gebruikers respecteren, wensen wij hen succes."
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"Selling copies of Emacs demonstrates one kind of free software business. "
"When the FSF took over that business, I needed another way to make a "
@@ -1063,7 +1248,7 @@
"geven in hoe GNU Emacs te programmeren, het aanpassen van GCC, "
"softwareontwikkeling; vooral het aanpassen van GCC aan nieuwe platformen."
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"Today each of these kinds of free software business is practiced by a number "
"of corporations. Some distribute free software collections on CD-ROM; "
@@ -1079,14 +1264,33 @@
"zelfs vrije software bedrijven gebaseerd op het lanceren van nieuwe vrije "
"software producten."
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
+# | Watch out, though—a number of companies that associate themselves
+# | with the term “open source” actually base their business on
+# | nonfree software that works with free software. These are not free
+# | software companies, they are proprietary software companies whose products
+# | tempt users away from freedom. They call these programs
+# | “value-added [-packages”,-] {+packages,”+} which shows
+# | the values they would like us to adopt: convenience above freedom. If we
+# | value freedom more, we should call them “freedom-subtracted”
+# | packages.
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "Watch out, though—a number of companies that associate themselves "
+#| "with the term “open source” actually base their business on "
+#| "nonfree software that works with free software. These are not free "
+#| "software companies, they are proprietary software companies whose "
+#| "products tempt users away from freedom. They call these programs “"
+#| "value-added packages”, which shows the values they would like us to "
+#| "adopt: convenience above freedom. If we value freedom more, we should "
+#| "call them “freedom-subtracted” packages."
msgid ""
"Watch out, though—a number of companies that associate themselves with "
"the term “open source” actually base their business on nonfree "
"software that works with free software. These are not free software "
"companies, they are proprietary software companies whose products tempt "
"users away from freedom. They call these programs “value-added "
-"packages”, which shows the values they would like us to adopt: "
+"packages,” which shows the values they would like us to adopt: "
"convenience above freedom. If we value freedom more, we should call them "
"“freedom-subtracted” packages."
msgstr ""
@@ -1099,11 +1303,11 @@
"dringen: gemak boven vrijheid. Als wij meer waarde hechten aan vrijheid, "
"zouden we ze “minus vrijheid” producten noemen."
-#. type: Content of: <h3>
+#. type: Content of: <div><h3>
msgid "Technical goals"
msgstr "Technische doelen"
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"The principal goal of GNU is to be free software. Even if GNU had no "
"technical advantage over Unix, it would have a social advantage, allowing "
@@ -1114,7 +1318,7 @@
"gebruikers toestaat om samen te werken, en een ethisch voordeel, respect "
"voor de vrijheid van de gebruikers."
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"But it was natural to apply the known standards of good practice to the "
"work—for example, dynamically allocating data structures to avoid "
@@ -1126,7 +1330,7 @@
"limieten van willekeurige grootte te omzeilen, en het correct afhandelen van "
"alle mogelijke 8-bit codes waar dat zinnig was."
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"In addition, we rejected the Unix focus on small memory size, by deciding "
"not to support 16-bit machines (it was clear that 32-bit machines would be "
@@ -1145,7 +1349,7 @@
"aan om het invoer bestand in één keer in geheugen in te lezen, "
"en dan de inhoud te scannen zonder aandacht te besteden aan Invoer/Uitvoer."
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"These decisions enabled many GNU programs to surpass their Unix counterparts "
"in reliability and speed."
@@ -1153,11 +1357,11 @@
"Deze beslissingen maakten het mogelijk voor veel GNU-programma's om hun Unix "
"equivalent voorbij te streven in betrouwbaarheid en snelheid."
-#. type: Content of: <h3>
+#. type: Content of: <div><h3>
msgid "Donated computers"
msgstr "Gedoneerde computers"
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"As the GNU Project's reputation grew, people began offering to donate "
"machines running Unix to the project. These were very useful, because the "
@@ -1172,7 +1376,7 @@
"Maar we werden geconfronteerd met een ethisch probleem: was het wel terecht "
"dat we überhaupt een Unix kopie hadden."
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"Unix was (and is) proprietary software, and the GNU Project's philosophy "
"said that we should not use proprietary software. But, applying the same "
@@ -1188,7 +1392,7 @@
"het noodzakelijk was in de ontwikkeling van een vrije vervanging, die "
"gebruikers in staat zou stellen met het private pakket te stoppen."
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"But, even if this was a justifiable evil, it was still an evil. Today we no "
"longer have any copies of Unix, because we have replaced them with free "
@@ -1201,11 +1405,11 @@
"machine niet konden vervangen met een vrije versie, vervingen we in plaats "
"daarvan de machine."
-#. type: Content of: <h3>
+#. type: Content of: <div><h3>
msgid "The GNU Task List"
msgstr "De GNU-takenlijst"
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"As the GNU Project proceeded, and increasing numbers of system components "
"were found or developed, eventually it became useful to make a list of the "
@@ -1223,13 +1427,27 @@
"documentatie projecten toe die, zo dachten wij, een echt compleet systeem "
"zou moeten hebben."
-#. type: Content of: <p>
-msgid ""
-"Today (1), hardly any Unix components are left in the GNU Task List—"
-"those jobs had been done, aside from a few inessential ones. But the list "
-"is full of projects that some might call “applications”. Any "
-"program that appeals to more than a narrow class of users would be a useful "
-"thing to add to an operating system."
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
+# | [-Today (1),-]{+Today <a href=\"#ft6\">[6]</a>,+} hardly any Unix
+# | components are left in the GNU Task List—those jobs had been done,
+# | aside from a few inessential ones. But the list is full of projects that
+# | some might call [-“applications”.-]
+# | {+“applications.”+} Any program that appeals to more than a
+# | narrow class of users would be a useful thing to add to an operating
+# | system.
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "Today (1), hardly any Unix components are left in the GNU Task List—"
+#| "those jobs had been done, aside from a few inessential ones. But the "
+#| "list is full of projects that some might call “"
+#| "applications”. Any program that appeals to more than a narrow "
+#| "class of users would be a useful thing to add to an operating system."
+msgid ""
+"Today <a href=\"#ft6\">[6]</a>, hardly any Unix components are left in "
+"the GNU Task List—those jobs had been done, aside from a few "
+"inessential ones. But the list is full of projects that some might call "
+"“applications.” Any program that appeals to more than a narrow "
+"class of users would be a useful thing to add to an operating system."
msgstr ""
"Vandaag de dag (1) zijn er vrijwel geen Unix componenten over op de GNU-"
"takenlijst—dat werk is gedaan, op een paar minder belangrijke dingen "
@@ -1238,7 +1456,7 @@
"is voor meer dan een hele speciale klasse gebruikers zou een goede "
"toevoeging aan een besturingssysteem zijn."
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"Even games are included in the task list—and have been since the "
"beginning. Unix included games, so naturally GNU should too. But "
@@ -1253,35 +1471,32 @@
"spectrum van verschillende soorten spelletjes die gebruikers wellicht leuk "
"zouden vinden."
-#. type: Content of: <p>
-msgid ""
-"(1) That was written in 1998. In 2009 we no longer maintain a long task "
-"list. The community develops free software so fast that we can't even keep "
-"track of it all. Instead, we have a list of High Priority Projects, a much "
-"shorter list of projects we really want to encourage people to write."
-msgstr ""
-"(1) Dit was geschreven in 1998. Sinds 2009 houden we geen lange takenlijst "
-"meer bij. De gemeenschap ontwikkelt zó snel vrije software dat we dit "
-"niet allemaal meer bij kunnen houden. In plaats daarvan hebben we nu een "
-"lijst met Belangrijkste Projecten, een lijst met projecten waarvan we echt "
-"graag willen dat ze uit worden gevoerd."
-
-#. type: Content of: <h3>
+#. type: Content of: <div><h3>
msgid "The GNU Library GPL"
msgstr "De GNU Programmabibliotheek GPL"
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
+# | The GNU C library uses a special kind of copyleft called the GNU Library
+# | General Public [-License(1),-] {+License <a href=\"#ft7\">[7]</a>,+}
+# | which gives permission to link proprietary software with the library. Why
+# | make this exception?
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "The GNU C library uses a special kind of copyleft called the GNU Library "
+#| "General Public License(1), which gives permission to link proprietary "
+#| "software with the library. Why make this exception?"
msgid ""
"The GNU C library uses a special kind of copyleft called the GNU Library "
-"General Public License(1), which gives permission to link proprietary "
-"software with the library. Why make this exception?"
+"General Public License <a href=\"#ft7\">[7]</a>, which gives "
+"permission to link proprietary software with the library. Why make this "
+"exception?"
msgstr ""
"De GNU C-bibliotheek gebruikt een speciaal soort auteursplicht met de naam "
"de GNU Library General Public License(1) (GNU LGPL—GNU Bibliotheek "
"Algemene Publieke Licentie), die toestaat dat private software de "
"bibliotheek mag gebruiken. Waarom deze uitzondering?"
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"It is not a matter of principle; there is no principle that says proprietary "
"software products are entitled to include our code. (Why contribute to a "
@@ -1294,7 +1509,7 @@
"Het gebruik van de LGPL voor de C bibliotheek, en voor iedere andere "
"bibliotheek, is strategisch."
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"The C library does a generic job; every proprietary system or compiler comes "
"with a C library. Therefore, to make our C library available only to free "
@@ -1307,7 +1522,7 @@
"hebben opgeleverd—het zou alleen gebruik van onze bibliotheek hebben "
"ontmoedigd."
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"One system is an exception to this: on the GNU system (and this includes GNU/"
"Linux), the GNU C library is the only C library. So the distribution terms "
@@ -1328,7 +1543,7 @@
"gestimuleerd. Daarom is het gebruik van de Library GPL een goede strategie "
"voor de C-bibliotheek."
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"For other libraries, the strategic decision needs to be considered on a case-"
"by-case basis. When a library does a special job that can help write "
@@ -1344,7 +1559,7 @@
"manier om vrije software ontwikkelaars te helpen, zodat ze een voordeel over "
"private software hebben."
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"Consider GNU Readline, a library that was developed to provide command-line "
"editing for BASH. Readline is released under the ordinary GNU GPL, not the "
@@ -1360,7 +1575,7 @@
"tenminste één toepassing vrije software geworden zodat het "
"Readline kon gebruiken, dat is echte meerwaarde voor de gemeenschap."
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"Proprietary software developers have the advantages money provides; free "
"software developers need to make advantages for each other. I hope some day "
@@ -1376,24 +1591,11 @@
"leveren als bouwstenen voor nieuwe vrije software, zodat er een groot "
"voordeel ontstaat voor verdere vrije software ontwikkeling."
-#. type: Content of: <p>
-msgid ""
-"(1) This license is now called the GNU Lesser General Public License, to "
-"avoid giving the idea that all libraries ought to use it. See <a href=\"/"
-"philosophy/why-not-lgpl.html\">Why you shouldn't use the Lesser GPL for your "
-"next library</a> for more information."
-msgstr ""
-"(1) Deze licentie wordt nu de GNU Lesser General Public License (“GNU "
-"Verminderde Algemene Publieke Licentie”) genoemd, om verwarring, dat "
-"alle bibliotheken het zouden moeten gebruiken, te voorkomen. <a href=\"/"
-"philosophy/why-not-lgpl.html\">Waarom je niet de Lesser GPL moet gebruiken "
-"voor je volgende programmabibliotheek</a>."
-
-#. type: Content of: <h3>
+#. type: Content of: <div><h3>
msgid "Scratching an itch?"
msgstr "Krabben aan jeuk?"
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"Eric Raymond says that “Every good work of software starts by "
"scratching a developer's personal itch.” Maybe that happens sometimes, "
@@ -1407,7 +1609,7 @@
"ontwikkeld om een compleet vrij besturingssysteem te hebben. Ze komen voort "
"uit een visie, een plan, niet uit een impuls."
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"For example, we developed the GNU C library because a Unix-like system needs "
"a C library, BASH because a Unix-like system needs a shell, and GNU tar "
@@ -1421,7 +1623,7 @@
"veel van mijn eigen programma's—de GNU C-compiler, GNU Emacs, GDB en "
"GNU Make."
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"Some GNU programs were developed to cope with specific threats to our "
"freedom. Thus, we developed gzip to replace the Compress program, which had "
@@ -1443,7 +1645,7 @@
"Guard om populaire onvrije encryptie software te vervangen, zodat gebruikers "
"niet noodgedwongen tussen privacy en vrijheid hoeven te kiezen."
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"Of course, the people writing these programs became interested in the work, "
"and many features were added to them by various people for the sake of their "
@@ -1454,11 +1656,11 @@
"het zelf nodig hadden, of het hun boeide. Maar dat is niet de reden dat deze "
"programma's bestaan."
-#. type: Content of: <h3>
+#. type: Content of: <div><h3>
msgid "Unexpected developments"
msgstr "Onverwachte wendingen"
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"At the beginning of the GNU Project, I imagined that we would develop the "
"whole GNU system, then release it as a whole. That is not how it happened."
@@ -1467,7 +1669,7 @@
"zouden ontwikkelen, en het dan als geheel publiceren. Zo is het dus niet "
"gegaan."
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"Since each component of the GNU system was implemented on a Unix system, "
"each component could run on Unix systems long before a complete GNU system "
@@ -1482,7 +1684,7 @@
"platform—naar de verschillende versies van Unix, en soms ook naar "
"andere systemen."
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"The process made these programs much more powerful, and attracted both funds "
"and contributors to the GNU Project. But it probably also delayed "
@@ -1499,11 +1701,11 @@
"plaats van door te gaan met het één voor één "
"schrijven van de benodigde onderdelen."
-#. type: Content of: <h3>
+#. type: Content of: <div><h3>
msgid "The GNU Hurd"
msgstr "De GNU Hurd"
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"By 1990, the GNU system was almost complete; the only major missing "
"component was the kernel. We had decided to implement our kernel as a "
@@ -1524,7 +1726,7 @@
"ontwikkeling werd vertraagd terwijl we wachtten tot Mach als vrije software "
"werd vrijgegeven, zoals was beloofd."
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"One reason for choosing this design was to avoid what seemed to be the "
"hardest part of the job: debugging a kernel program without a source-level "
@@ -1542,11 +1744,11 @@
"executie-pad servers die berichten naar elkaar sturen bleken heel moeilijk "
"te debuggen. Hurd stabiel te laten werken duurde steeds langer, jaren."
-#. type: Content of: <h3>
+#. type: Content of: <div><h3>
msgid "Alix"
msgstr "Alix"
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"The GNU kernel was not originally supposed to be called the Hurd. Its "
"original name was Alix—named after the woman who was my sweetheart at "
@@ -1562,7 +1764,7 @@
"Iemand zou een kernel naar mij moeten noemen.” Ik zei niets, maar "
"besloot haar te verassen met een kernel “Alix”."
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"It did not stay that way. Michael (now Thomas) Bushnell, the main developer "
"of the kernel, preferred the name Hurd, and redefined Alix to refer to a "
@@ -1575,7 +1777,7 @@
"zou afvangen, en de aanvraag zou verwerken door berichten naar Hurd-servers "
"te zenden."
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"Later, Alix and I broke up, and she changed her name; independently, the "
"Hurd design was changed so that the C library would send messages directly "
@@ -1586,7 +1788,7 @@
"de berichten direct naar de servers zou zenden, het Alix-onderdeel verdween "
"uit het ontwerp."
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"But before these things happened, a friend of hers came across the name Alix "
"in the Hurd source code, and mentioned it to her. So she did have the "
@@ -1596,11 +1798,11 @@
"broncode en vertelde het tegen haar. Ze heeft dus de kans gehad een kernel "
"naar haar vernoemd te hebben."
-#. type: Content of: <h3>
+#. type: Content of: <div><h3>
msgid "Linux and GNU/Linux"
msgstr "Linux en GNU/Linux"
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"The GNU Hurd is not suitable for production use, and we don't know if it "
"ever will be. The capability-based design has problems that result directly "
@@ -1612,7 +1814,7 @@
"gevolg zijn van het flexibele ontwerp. Het is niet duidelijk of er een "
"oplossing is."
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"Fortunately, another kernel is available. In 1991, Linus Torvalds developed "
"a Unix-compatible kernel and called it Linux. It was proprietary at first, "
@@ -1629,12 +1831,26 @@
"Dankzij Linux kunnen we daadwerkelijk vandaag de dag een versie van het GNU "
"systeem draaien."
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
+# | We call this system version <a href=\"/gnu/linux-and-gnu.html\">
+# | GNU/Linux</a>, to express its composition as a combination of the GNU
+# | system with Linux as the kernel. Please don't fall into the practice of
+# | calling the whole system [-“Linux”,-] {+“Linux,”+}
+# | since that means attributing our work to someone else. Please <a
+# | href=\"/gnu/gnu-linux-faq.html\"> give us equal mention</a>.
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "We call this system version <a href=\"/gnu/linux-and-gnu.html\"> GNU/"
+#| "Linux</a>, to express its composition as a combination of the GNU system "
+#| "with Linux as the kernel. Please don't fall into the practice of calling "
+#| "the whole system “Linux”, since that means attributing our "
+#| "work to someone else. Please <a href=\"/gnu/gnu-linux-faq.html\"> give "
+#| "us equal mention</a>."
msgid ""
"We call this system version <a href=\"/gnu/linux-and-gnu.html\"> GNU/Linux</"
"a>, to express its composition as a combination of the GNU system with Linux "
"as the kernel. Please don't fall into the practice of calling the whole "
-"system “Linux”, since that means attributing our work to someone "
+"system “Linux,” since that means attributing our work to someone "
"else. Please <a href=\"/gnu/gnu-linux-faq.html\"> give us equal mention</a>."
msgstr ""
"Wij noemen deze versie <a href=\"/gnu/linux-and-gnu.html\">GNU/Linux</a>, om "
@@ -1644,11 +1860,11 @@
"ons alsjeblieft <a href=\"/gnu/gnu-linux-faq.html\">op een gelijkwaardige "
"manier</a>."
-#. type: Content of: <h3>
+#. type: Content of: <div><h3>
msgid "Challenges in our future"
msgstr "Uitdagingen voor de toekomst"
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"We have proved our ability to develop a broad spectrum of free software. "
"This does not mean we are invincible and unstoppable. Several challenges "
@@ -1664,15 +1880,15 @@
"jarenlang. Het zal het soort doorzettingsvermogen vergen die mensen laten "
"zien als ze vrij willen zijn, en niet toelaten dat die afgenomen wordt."
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid "The following four sections discuss these challenges."
msgstr "De volgende vier secties behandelen deze uitdagingen."
-#. type: Content of: <h3>
+#. type: Content of: <div><h3>
msgid "Secret hardware"
msgstr "Geheime hardware"
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"Hardware manufacturers increasingly tend to keep hardware specifications "
"secret. This makes it difficult to write free drivers so that Linux and "
@@ -1685,7 +1901,7 @@
"systemen, maar dat geldt niet voor de toekomst als we de computers van "
"morgen niet kunnen ondersteunen."
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"There are two ways to cope with this problem. Programmers can do reverse "
"engineering to figure out how to support the hardware. The rest of us can "
@@ -1697,14 +1913,29 @@
"hardware kiezen die wordt ondersteund door vrije software; als we dit "
"massaal doen wordt geheimhouding van specificaties een doodlopende weg."
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
+# | Reverse engineering is a big job; will we have programmers with sufficient
+# | determination to undertake it? Yes—if we have built up a strong
+# | feeling that free software is a matter of principle, and nonfree drivers
+# | are intolerable. And will large numbers of us spend extra money, or even
+# | a little extra time, so we can use free drivers? Yes, if the determination
+# | to have freedom is [-widespread.-] {+widespread. <a
+# | href=\"#ft8\">[8]</a>+}
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "Reverse engineering is a big job; will we have programmers with "
+#| "sufficient determination to undertake it? Yes—if we have built up a "
+#| "strong feeling that free software is a matter of principle, and nonfree "
+#| "drivers are intolerable. And will large numbers of us spend extra money, "
+#| "or even a little extra time, so we can use free drivers? Yes, if the "
+#| "determination to have freedom is widespread."
msgid ""
"Reverse engineering is a big job; will we have programmers with sufficient "
"determination to undertake it? Yes—if we have built up a strong "
"feeling that free software is a matter of principle, and nonfree drivers are "
"intolerable. And will large numbers of us spend extra money, or even a "
"little extra time, so we can use free drivers? Yes, if the determination to "
-"have freedom is widespread."
+"have freedom is widespread. <a href=\"#ft8\">[8]</a>"
msgstr ""
"Het ontrafelen van software is een zware taak; hebben we hier programmeurs "
"met voldoende doorzettingsvermogen voor? Ja—als we ons sterk maken "
@@ -1713,23 +1944,11 @@
"meer tijd, zodat we vrije stuurprogramma's kunnen gebruiken? Zeker als de "
"vastberadenheid voor vrijheid breed wordt gedragen."
-#. type: Content of: <p>
-msgid ""
-"(2008 note: this issue extends to the BIOS as well. There is a free BIOS, "
-"<a href=\"http://www.libreboot.org/\";>LibreBoot</a> (a distribution of "
-"coreboot); the problem is getting specs for machines so that LibreBoot can "
-"support them without nonfree “blobs”.)"
-msgstr ""
-"(2008 voetnoot: dit speelt ook in de BIOS. Er is een vrije BIOS, <a href="
-"\"http://www.libreboot.org/\";>LibreBoot</a> (een distributie van coreboot); "
-"het probleem is het verkrijgen van specificaties van machines zodat "
-"LibreBoot die kan ondersteunen zonder niet-vrije “blobs”.)"
-
-#. type: Content of: <h3>
+#. type: Content of: <div><h3>
msgid "Nonfree libraries"
msgstr "Niet-vrije programmabibliotheken"
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"A nonfree library that runs on free operating systems acts as a trap for "
"free software developers. The library's attractive features are the bait; "
@@ -1748,7 +1967,7 @@
"Sterker nog, als een programma populair wordt dat private bibliotheken "
"gebruikt kan het andere nietsvermoedende programmeurs in de val lokken."
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"The first instance of this problem was the Motif toolkit, back in the 80s. "
"Although there were as yet no free operating systems, it was clear what "
@@ -1769,7 +1988,7 @@
"jaren; LessTif, ontwikkeld door de Hungry Programmers, werd pas in 1997 "
"krachtig genoeg om de meeste Motif toepassingen te ondersteunen."
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"Between 1996 and 1998, another nonfree <abbr title=\"Graphical User Interface"
"\">GUI</abbr> toolkit library, called Qt, was used in a substantial "
@@ -1782,7 +2001,7 @@
"software, de bureaublad software <abbr title=\"K Desktop Environment\">KDE</"
"abbr>."
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"Free GNU/Linux systems were unable to use KDE, because we could not use the "
"library. However, some commercial distributors of GNU/Linux systems who "
@@ -1800,14 +2019,14 @@
"gaan gebruiken, en miljoenen nieuwe “Linux gebruikers” wisten "
"niet dat dit een probleem was. Het zag er moeilijk uit."
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"The free software community responded to the problem in two ways: GNOME and "
"Harmony."
msgstr ""
"De vrije software gemeenschap reageerde op twee manieren: GNOME en Harmony."
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"GNOME, the GNU Network Object Model Environment, is GNU's desktop project. "
"Started in 1997 by Miguel de Icaza, and developed with the support of Red "
@@ -1824,7 +2043,7 @@
"niet alleen C++. Maar het belangrijkste doel was vrijheid: onafhankelijkheid "
"van onvrije software."
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"Harmony is a compatible replacement library, designed to make it possible to "
"run KDE software without using Qt."
@@ -1832,13 +2051,28 @@
"Harmony is een vervanger voor Qt, met dezelfde interface, zodat KDE-software "
"kan draaien zonder Qt."
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
+# | In November 1998, the developers of Qt announced a change of license
+# | which, when carried out, should make Qt free software. There is no way to
+# | be sure, but I think that this was partly due to the community's firm
+# | response to the problem that Qt posed when it was nonfree. (The new
+# | license is inconvenient and inequitable, so it remains desirable to avoid
+# | using [-Qt.)-] {+Qt. <a href=\"#ft9\">[9]</a>)+}
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "In November 1998, the developers of Qt announced a change of license "
+#| "which, when carried out, should make Qt free software. There is no way "
+#| "to be sure, but I think that this was partly due to the community's firm "
+#| "response to the problem that Qt posed when it was nonfree. (The new "
+#| "license is inconvenient and inequitable, so it remains desirable to avoid "
+#| "using Qt.)"
msgid ""
"In November 1998, the developers of Qt announced a change of license which, "
"when carried out, should make Qt free software. There is no way to be sure, "
"but I think that this was partly due to the community's firm response to the "
"problem that Qt posed when it was nonfree. (The new license is inconvenient "
-"and inequitable, so it remains desirable to avoid using Qt.)"
+"and inequitable, so it remains desirable to avoid using Qt. <a href="
+"\"#ft9\">[9]</a>)"
msgstr ""
"In november 1998 kondigden de Qt-ontwikkelaars aan dat ze hun licentie "
"gingen veranderen, zodat - als ze dit echt gingen doen - Qt vrije software "
@@ -1847,15 +2081,7 @@
"probleem, toen het nog onvrij was. (De nieuwe licentie is onhandig en "
"ongelijkwaardig, het blijft dus aan te raden om Qt niet te gebruiken.)"
-#. type: Content of: <p>
-msgid ""
-"[Subsequent note: in September 2000, Qt was rereleased under the GNU GPL, "
-"which essentially solved this problem.]"
-msgstr ""
-"[Aanvullende noot: in september 2000 werd Qt opnieuw uitgebracht onder de "
-"GNU GPL, dit probleem is nu in feite opgelost.]"
-
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"How will we respond to the next tempting nonfree library? Will the whole "
"community understand the need to stay out of the trap? Or will many of us "
@@ -1867,21 +2093,42 @@
"zullen velen van ons vrijheid opgeven voor het gemak, en grote problemen "
"gaan opleveren? Onze toekomst hangt af van onze filosofie."
-#. type: Content of: <h3>
+#. type: Content of: <div><h3>
msgid "Software patents"
msgstr "Softwarepatenten"
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
+# | The worst threat we face comes from software patents, which can put
+# | algorithms and features off limits to free software for up to twenty
+# | years. The LZW compression algorithm patents were applied for in 1983,
+# | and we still cannot release free software to produce proper compressed
+# | <abbr title=\"Graphics Interchange [-Format\">GIF</abbr>s. [As of 2009
+# | they have expired.]-] {+Format\">GIF</abbr>s. <a
+# | href=\"#ft10\">[10]</a>+} In 1998, a free program to produce <abbr
+# | title=\"MPEG-1 Audio Layer 3\">MP3</abbr> compressed audio was removed
+# | from distribution under threat of a patent [-suit. [As of 2017, these
+# | patents have expired. Look how long we had to wait.]-] {+suit. <a
+# | href=\"#ft11\">[11]</a>+}
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "The worst threat we face comes from software patents, which can put "
+#| "algorithms and features off limits to free software for up to twenty "
+#| "years. The LZW compression algorithm patents were applied for in 1983, "
+#| "and we still cannot release free software to produce proper compressed "
+#| "<abbr title=\"Graphics Interchange Format\">GIF</abbr>s. [As of 2009 "
+#| "they have expired.] In 1998, a free program to produce <abbr title="
+#| "\"MPEG-1 Audio Layer 3\">MP3</abbr> compressed audio was removed from "
+#| "distribution under threat of a patent suit. [As of 2017, these patents "
+#| "have expired. Look how long we had to wait.]"
msgid ""
"The worst threat we face comes from software patents, which can put "
"algorithms and features off limits to free software for up to twenty years. "
"The LZW compression algorithm patents were applied for in 1983, and we still "
"cannot release free software to produce proper compressed <abbr title="
-"\"Graphics Interchange Format\">GIF</abbr>s. [As of 2009 they have "
-"expired.] In 1998, a free program to produce <abbr title=\"MPEG-1 Audio "
-"Layer 3\">MP3</abbr> compressed audio was removed from distribution under "
-"threat of a patent suit. [As of 2017, these patents have expired. Look how "
-"long we had to wait.]"
+"\"Graphics Interchange Format\">GIF</abbr>s. <a href=\"#ft10\">[10]</"
+"a> In 1998, a free program to produce <abbr title=\"MPEG-1 Audio Layer "
+"3\">MP3</abbr> compressed audio was removed from distribution under threat "
+"of a patent suit. <a href=\"#ft11\">[11]</a>"
msgstr ""
"De grootste dreiging komt van softwarepatenten, die kunnen algoritmes en "
"mogelijkheden voor maximaal twintig jaar verboden gebied verklaren. Het LZW-"
@@ -1893,7 +2140,7 @@
"uitgebracht, onder dreiging van een patent-rechtszaak. [Sinds 2017 zijn deze "
"patenten verlopen, <strong>zo</strong> lang moesten we wachten.]"
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"There are ways to cope with patents: we can search for evidence that a "
"patent is invalid, and we can look for alternative ways to do a job. But "
@@ -1908,7 +2155,7 @@
"functionaliteit niet te hebben die gebruikers wel willen. Na lang wachten "
"zullen de patenten verlopen, maar wat doen we zolang?"
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"Those of us who value free software for freedom's sake will stay with free "
"software anyway. We will manage to get work done without the patented "
@@ -1929,11 +2176,11 @@
"betrouwbaarheid en kracht van vrije software, moeten we daar niet ophouden. "
"We moeten het hebben over vrijheid en principes."
-#. type: Content of: <h3>
+#. type: Content of: <div><h3>
msgid "Free documentation"
msgstr "Vrije documentatie"
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"The biggest deficiency in our free operating systems is not in the "
"software—it is the lack of good free manuals that we can include in "
@@ -1948,7 +2195,7 @@
"vrije handleiding heeft, is dat een groot gemis. We hebben veel van zulke "
"gaten momenteel."
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"Free documentation, like free software, is a matter of freedom, not price. "
"The criterion for a free manual is pretty much the same as for free "
@@ -1963,7 +2210,7 @@
"toegestaan, elektronisch en op papier, zodat de handleiding met iedere kopie "
"van het programma kan worden geleverd."
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"Permission for modification is crucial too. As a general rule, I don't "
"believe that it is essential for people to have permission to modify all "
@@ -1977,7 +2224,7 @@
"toestemming geven om een artikel als dit te veranderen, iets dat onze "
"activiteiten en meningen beschrijft."
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"But there is a particular reason why the freedom to modify is crucial for "
"documentation for free software. When people exercise their right to modify "
@@ -1996,7 +2243,7 @@
"toelaat een taak verantwoordelijk af te ronden, voorziet niet in de "
"behoeften van de gemeenschap."
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"Some kinds of limits on how modifications are done pose no problem. For "
"example, requirements to preserve the original author's copyright notice, "
@@ -2021,7 +2268,7 @@
"Met andere woorden: ze verhinderen niet het gebruik van de handleiding door "
"de software gemeenschap."
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"However, it must be possible to modify all the <em>technical</em> content of "
"the manual, and then distribute the result in all the usual media, through "
@@ -2034,7 +2281,7 @@
"in de weg; de handleiding is niet vrij, we hebben dan een andere handleiding "
"nodig."
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"Will free software developers have the awareness and determination to "
"produce a full spectrum of free manuals? Once again, our future depends on "
@@ -2044,14 +2291,24 @@
"doorzettingsvermogen hebben om een breed spectrum vrije handleidingen te "
"produceren? Onze filosofie bepaalt onze toekomst."
-#. type: Content of: <h3>
+#. type: Content of: <div><h3>
msgid "We must talk about freedom"
msgstr "We moeten het over vrijheid hebben"
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
+# | Estimates today are that there are ten million users of GNU/Linux systems
+# | such as Debian GNU/Linux and Red Hat [-“Linux”.-]
+# | {+“Linux.”+} Free software has developed such practical
+# | advantages that users are flocking to it for purely practical reasons.
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "Estimates today are that there are ten million users of GNU/Linux systems "
+#| "such as Debian GNU/Linux and Red Hat “Linux”. Free software "
+#| "has developed such practical advantages that users are flocking to it for "
+#| "purely practical reasons."
msgid ""
"Estimates today are that there are ten million users of GNU/Linux systems "
-"such as Debian GNU/Linux and Red Hat “Linux”. Free software has "
+"such as Debian GNU/Linux and Red Hat “Linux.” Free software has "
"developed such practical advantages that users are flocking to it for purely "
"practical reasons."
msgstr ""
@@ -2060,7 +2317,7 @@
"zijn. Vrije software heeft zoveel praktische voordelen ontwikkeld, dat "
"gebruikers alleen daar al massaal op af komen."
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"The good consequences of this are evident: more interest in developing free "
"software, more customers for free software businesses, and more ability to "
@@ -2072,7 +2329,7 @@
"mogelijkheden om bedrijven aan te moedigen commerciële vrije software "
"in plaats van private software te maken."
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"But interest in the software is growing faster than awareness of the "
"philosophy it is based on, and this leads to trouble. Our ability to meet "
@@ -2087,7 +2344,7 @@
"heeft, is het nodig deze ideeën te verspreiden naar nieuwe gebruikers, "
"als ze met de gemeenschap in aanraking komen."
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"But we are failing to do so: the efforts to attract new users into our "
"community are far outstripping the efforts to teach them the civics of our "
@@ -2099,11 +2356,11 @@
"basisvoorwaarden van onze gemeenschap. Het is nodig beide te doen, en te "
"zorgen dat deze twee doelen in evenwicht blijven."
-#. type: Content of: <h3>
+#. type: Content of: <div><h3>
msgid "“Open Source”"
msgstr "“Open source”"
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"Teaching new users about freedom became more difficult in 1998, when a part "
"of the community decided to stop using the term “free software” "
@@ -2114,7 +2371,7 @@
"de term “vrije software”, en over “open source "
"software” (“software met open broncode”) begon te spreken."
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"Some who favored this term aimed to avoid the confusion of “"
"free” with “gratis”—a valid goal. Others, however, "
@@ -2136,7 +2393,7 @@
"en krachtige software te maken, maar schudt ideeën als vrijheid, "
"gemeenschap en principes van zich af."
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"The “Linux” magazines are a clear example of this—they are "
"filled with advertisements for proprietary software that works with GNU/"
@@ -2149,7 +2406,7 @@
"waarschuwen zich er niet mee in te laten, of zullen ze er advertenties voor "
"plaatsen?"
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"The support of business can contribute to the community in many ways; all "
"else being equal, it is useful. But winning their support by speaking even "
@@ -2162,12 +2419,24 @@
"van het aantrekken van gebruikers en het aanleren van onze cultuur wordt nog "
"erger."
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
+# | “Free software” and “open source” describe the
+# | same category of software, more or less, but say different things about
+# | the software, and about values. The GNU Project continues to use the term
+# | “free [-software”,-] {+software,”+} to express the idea
+# | that freedom, not just technology, is important.
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "“Free software” and “open source” describe the "
+#| "same category of software, more or less, but say different things about "
+#| "the software, and about values. The GNU Project continues to use the "
+#| "term “free software”, to express the idea that freedom, not "
+#| "just technology, is important."
msgid ""
"“Free software” and “open source” describe the same "
"category of software, more or less, but say different things about the "
"software, and about values. The GNU Project continues to use the term "
-"“free software”, to express the idea that freedom, not just "
+"“free software,” to express the idea that freedom, not just "
"technology, is important."
msgstr ""
"“Vrije software” en “open source” beschrijven min of "
@@ -2176,11 +2445,11 @@
"term “vrije software”, om duidelijk te maken dat het over "
"vrijheid gaat, meer dan slechts techniek."
-#. type: Content of: <h3>
+#. type: Content of: <div><h3>
msgid "Try!"
msgstr "Proberen!"
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"Yoda's aphorism (“There is no ‘try’”) sounds neat, "
"but it doesn't work for me. I have done most of my work while anxious about "
@@ -2195,7 +2464,7 @@
"anders tussen de vijand en mijn stad stond. Tot mijn eigen verbazing is het "
"soms toch gelukt."
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"Sometimes I failed; some of my cities have fallen. Then I found another "
"threatened city, and got ready for another battle. Over time, I've learned "
@@ -2207,7 +2476,7 @@
"uit te kijken naar gevaren, en plaatste mijzelf tussen hen en mijn stad, "
"hulp in roepend van andere hackers om zich bij mij aan te sluiten."
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"Nowadays, often I'm not the only one. It is a relief and a joy when I see a "
"regiment of hackers digging in to hold the line, and I realize, this city "
@@ -2224,6 +2493,241 @@
"nemen. Neem het niet voor lief! Als je je vrijheid wilt, moet je bereid zijn "
"het te verdedigen."
+#. type: Content of: <div><h3>
+# || No change detected. The change might only be in amounts of spaces.
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid "Footnotes"
+msgid "Footnotes"
+msgstr "Voetnoten"
+
+#. type: Content of: <div><ol><li>
+# | [-(1)-]The use of “hacker” to mean “security
+# | breaker” is a confusion on the part of the mass media. We hackers
+# | refuse to recognize that meaning, and continue using the word to mean
+# | someone who loves to program, someone who enjoys playful cleverness, or
+# | the combination of the two. See my article, [-<a
+# | href=\"http://stallman.org/articles/on-hacking.html\";>On Hacking</a>.-]
+# | {+“<a href=\"https://stallman.org/articles/on-hacking.html\";>On
+# | Hacking</a>.”+}
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "(1) The use of “hacker” to mean “security "
+#| "breaker” is a confusion on the part of the mass media. We hackers "
+#| "refuse to recognize that meaning, and continue using the word to mean "
+#| "someone who loves to program, someone who enjoys playful cleverness, or "
+#| "the combination of the two. See my article, <a href=\"http://stallman.";
+#| "org/articles/on-hacking.html\">On Hacking</a>."
+msgid ""
+"The use of “hacker” to mean “security breaker” is a "
+"confusion on the part of the mass media. We hackers refuse to recognize "
+"that meaning, and continue using the word to mean someone who loves to "
+"program, someone who enjoys playful cleverness, or the combination of the "
+"two. See my article, “<a href=\"https://stallman.org/articles/on-";
+"hacking.html\">On Hacking</a>.”"
+msgstr ""
+"(1) Het gebruik van het woord “hacker” in de betekenis van "
+"“digitale inbreker” is een fout van de media. Wij hackers "
+"weigeren deze betekenis te accepteren, en gaan door met de originele "
+"betekenis âIemand die van programmeren houdt en/of er plezier in heeft er "
+"goed in te zijnâ. Zie ook mijn artikel: <a href=\"http://stallman.org/";
+"articles/on-hacking.html\">On Hacking</a>."
+
+#. type: Content of: <div><ol><li>
+# | [-(1)-]As an Atheist, I don't follow any religious leaders, but I
+# | sometimes find I admire something one of them has said.
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "(1) As an Atheist, I don't follow any religious leaders, but I sometimes "
+#| "find I admire something one of them has said."
+msgid ""
+"As an Atheist, I don't follow any religious leaders, but I sometimes find I "
+"admire something one of them has said."
+msgstr ""
+"(1) Als atheïst volg ik geen religieuze leiders, maar soms ontdek ik "
+"dat ik iets bewonder wat sommige van ze hebben gezegd."
+
+#. type: Content of: <div><ol><li>
+# | [-(1)-]In 1984 or 1985, Don Hopkins (a very imaginative fellow) mailed me
+# | a letter. [-On-] {+<a href=\"/graphics/copyleft-sticker.html\">On+} the
+# | [-envelope-] {+envelope</a>+} he had written several amusing sayings,
+# | including this one: “Copyleft—all rights reversed.” I
+# | used the word “copyleft” to name the distribution concept I
+# | was developing at the time.
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "(1) In 1984 or 1985, Don Hopkins (a very imaginative fellow) mailed me a "
+#| "letter. On the envelope he had written several amusing sayings, "
+#| "including this one: “Copyleft—all rights reversed.” I "
+#| "used the word “copyleft” to name the distribution concept I "
+#| "was developing at the time."
+msgid ""
+"In 1984 or 1985, Don Hopkins (a very imaginative fellow) mailed me a "
+"letter. <a href=\"/graphics/copyleft-sticker.html\">On the envelope</a> he "
+"had written several amusing sayings, including this one: “"
+"Copyleft—all rights reversed.” I used the word “"
+"copyleft” to name the distribution concept I was developing at the "
+"time."
+msgstr ""
+"(1) In 1984 of 1985 stuurde Don Hopkins (een erg fantasievolle kerel) me "
+"een brief. Op de enveloppe had hij wat grappige gezegden geschreven, "
+"waaronder deze: “Copyleft—all rights reversed.” (“"
+"Auteursplicht—alle rechten omgedraaid”, nvdv). Ik gebruikte het "
+"woord “auteursplicht” als werknaam voor het distributieconcept "
+"dat ik op dat moment aan het ontwikkelen was."
+
+#. type: Content of: <div><ol><li>
+# | [-(2)-]We now use the <a href=\"/licenses/fdl.html\">GNU Free
+# | Documentation License</a> for documentation.
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "(2) We now use the <a href=\"/licenses/fdl.html\">GNU Free Documentation "
+#| "License</a> for documentation."
+msgid ""
+"We now use the <a href=\"/licenses/fdl.html\">GNU Free Documentation "
+"License</a> for documentation."
+msgstr ""
+"(2) We gebruiken nu de <a href=\"/licenses/fdl.html\"> GNU Free "
+"Documentation License </a> (\"GNU Vrije Documentatie Licentie\", nvdv) voor "
+"documentatie."
+
+#. type: Content of: <div><ol><li>
+# | [-(1)-]“Bourne Again Shell” is a play on the name
+# | “Bourne [-Shell”,-] {+Shell,”+} which was the usual
+# | shell on Unix.
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "(1) “Bourne Again Shell” is a play on the name “Bourne "
+#| "Shell”, which was the usual shell on Unix."
+msgid ""
+"“Bourne Again Shell” is a play on the name “Bourne Shell,"
+"” which was the usual shell on Unix."
+msgstr ""
+"(1) “Bourne again Shell” (<em>Opnieuw geboren Schil</em>, nvdv) "
+"is een woordgrapje met de naam “Bourne Shell”, de meest "
+"voorkomende shell op Unix."
+
+#. type: Content of: <div><ol><li>
+# | [-(1)-]That was written in 1998. In 2009 we no longer maintain a long
+# | task list. The community develops free software so fast that we can't
+# | even keep track of it all. Instead, we have a list of High Priority
+# | Projects, a much shorter list of projects we really want to encourage
+# | people to write.
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "(1) That was written in 1998. In 2009 we no longer maintain a long task "
+#| "list. The community develops free software so fast that we can't even "
+#| "keep track of it all. Instead, we have a list of High Priority Projects, "
+#| "a much shorter list of projects we really want to encourage people to "
+#| "write."
+msgid ""
+"That was written in 1998. In 2009 we no longer maintain a long task list. "
+"The community develops free software so fast that we can't even keep track "
+"of it all. Instead, we have a list of High Priority Projects, a much "
+"shorter list of projects we really want to encourage people to write."
+msgstr ""
+"(1) Dit was geschreven in 1998. Sinds 2009 houden we geen lange takenlijst "
+"meer bij. De gemeenschap ontwikkelt zó snel vrije software dat we dit "
+"niet allemaal meer bij kunnen houden. In plaats daarvan hebben we nu een "
+"lijst met Belangrijkste Projecten, een lijst met projecten waarvan we echt "
+"graag willen dat ze uit worden gevoerd."
+
+#. type: Content of: <div><ol><li>
+# | [-(1)-]This license is now called the GNU Lesser General Public License,
+# | to avoid giving the idea that all libraries ought to use it. See <a
+# | href=\"/philosophy/why-not-lgpl.html\">Why you shouldn't use the Lesser
+# | GPL for your next library</a> for more information.
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "(1) This license is now called the GNU Lesser General Public License, to "
+#| "avoid giving the idea that all libraries ought to use it. See <a href=\"/"
+#| "philosophy/why-not-lgpl.html\">Why you shouldn't use the Lesser GPL for "
+#| "your next library</a> for more information."
+msgid ""
+"This license is now called the GNU Lesser General Public License, to avoid "
+"giving the idea that all libraries ought to use it. See <a href=\"/"
+"philosophy/why-not-lgpl.html\">Why you shouldn't use the Lesser GPL for your "
+"next library</a> for more information."
+msgstr ""
+"(1) Deze licentie wordt nu de GNU Lesser General Public License (“GNU "
+"Verminderde Algemene Publieke Licentie”) genoemd, om verwarring, dat "
+"alle bibliotheken het zouden moeten gebruiken, te voorkomen. <a href=\"/"
+"philosophy/why-not-lgpl.html\">Waarom je niet de Lesser GPL moet gebruiken "
+"voor je volgende programmabibliotheek</a>."
+
+#. type: Content of: <div><ol><li>
+# | [-(-]2008 note: this issue extends to the BIOS as well. There is a free
+# | BIOS, <a [-href=\"http://www.libreboot.org/\";>LibreBoot</a>-]
+# | {+href=\"https://libreboot.org/\";>LibreBoot</a>+} (a distribution of
+# | coreboot); the problem is getting specs for machines so that LibreBoot can
+# | support them without nonfree [-“blobs”.)-]
+# | {+“blobs.”+}
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "(2008 note: this issue extends to the BIOS as well. There is a free "
+#| "BIOS, <a href=\"http://www.libreboot.org/\";>LibreBoot</a> (a distribution "
+#| "of coreboot); the problem is getting specs for machines so that LibreBoot "
+#| "can support them without nonfree “blobs”.)"
+msgid ""
+"2008 note: this issue extends to the BIOS as well. There is a free BIOS, <a "
+"href=\"https://libreboot.org/\";>LibreBoot</a> (a distribution of coreboot); "
+"the problem is getting specs for machines so that LibreBoot can support them "
+"without nonfree “blobs.”"
+msgstr ""
+"(2008 voetnoot: dit speelt ook in de BIOS. Er is een vrije BIOS, <a href="
+"\"http://www.libreboot.org/\";>LibreBoot</a> (een distributie van coreboot); "
+"het probleem is het verkrijgen van specificaties van machines zodat "
+"LibreBoot die kan ondersteunen zonder niet-vrije “blobs”.)"
+
+#. type: Content of: <div><ol><li>
+# | [-[Subsequent note: in-]{+In+} September 2000, Qt was rereleased under the
+# | GNU GPL, which essentially solved this problem.[-]-]
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "[Subsequent note: in September 2000, Qt was rereleased under the GNU GPL, "
+#| "which essentially solved this problem.]"
+msgid ""
+"In September 2000, Qt was rereleased under the GNU GPL, which essentially "
+"solved this problem."
+msgstr ""
+"[Aanvullende noot: in september 2000 werd Qt opnieuw uitgebracht onder de "
+"GNU GPL, dit probleem is nu in feite opgelost.]"
+
+#. type: Content of: <div><ol><li>
+msgid "As of 2009, the GIF patents have expired."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <div><ol><li>
+msgid ""
+"As of 2017, the MP3 patents have expired. Look how long we had to wait."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <div><div><p>
+# | Originally published in the book [-<em>Open Sources</em>.-] {+<cite>Open
+# | Sources</cite>.+} Richard Stallman was <a
+# | href=\"/philosophy/open-source-misses-the-point.html\"> never a supporter
+# | of “open source”</a>, but contributed this article so that the
+# | ideas of the free software movement would not be entirely absent from that
+# | book.
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "Originally published in the book <em>Open Sources</em>. Richard Stallman "
+#| "was <a href=\"/philosophy/open-source-misses-the-point.html\"> never a "
+#| "supporter of “open source”</a>, but contributed this article "
+#| "so that the ideas of the free software movement would not be entirely "
+#| "absent from that book."
+msgid ""
+"Originally published in the book <cite>Open Sources</cite>. Richard "
+"Stallman was <a href=\"/philosophy/open-source-misses-the-point.html\"> "
+"never a supporter of “open source”</a>, but contributed this "
+"article so that the ideas of the free software movement would not be "
+"entirely absent from that book."
+msgstr ""
+"Gepubliceerd in het boek <em>Open Sources</em>. Richard Stallman was <a "
+"href=\"/philosophy/open-source-misses-the-point.html\"> nooit een "
+"voorstander van “open source”</a>, maar droeg bij met dit "
+"artikel zodat het gedachtegoed van de vrije-softwarebeweging niet zouden "
+"ontbreken in dit boek."
+
#. TRANSLATORS: Use space (SPC) as msgstr if you don't have notes.
#. type: Content of: <div>
msgid "*GNUN-SLOT: TRANSLATOR'S NOTES*"
@@ -2250,14 +2754,20 @@
#. Please send your comments and general suggestions in this regard
#. to <a href="mailto:web-translators@gnu.org";>
#. <web-translators@gnu.org></a>.</p>
-#. <p>For information on coordinating and submitting translations of
+#. <p>For information on coordinating and contributing translations of
#. our web pages, see <a
#. href="/server/standards/README.translations.html">Translations
#. README</a>.
#. type: Content of: <div><div><p>
+# || No change detected. The change might only be in amounts of spaces.
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "Please see the <a href=\"/server/standards/README.translations.html"
+#| "\">Translations README</a> for information on coordinating and "
+#| "contributing translations of this article."
msgid ""
"Please see the <a href=\"/server/standards/README.translations.html"
-"\">Translations README</a> for information on coordinating and submitting "
+"\">Translations README</a> for information on coordinating and contributing "
"translations of this article."
msgstr ""
"We doen ons best om goede vertalingen te maken maar staan altijd open voor "
@@ -2267,9 +2777,15 @@
"voor informatie over het onderhoud van vertalingen op deze website."
#. type: Content of: <div><p>
+# | Copyright © 1998, [-2001, 2002,-] 2005, [-2006, 2007,-] 2008, 2010,
+# | 201[-4-]{+2+}, 2015, 2017, 2018, 202[-0-]{+1+} Richard Stallman
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "Copyright © 1998, 2001, 2002, 2005, 2006, 2007, 2008, 2010, 2014, "
+#| "2015, 2017, 2018, 2020 Richard Stallman"
msgid ""
-"Copyright © 1998, 2001, 2002, 2005, 2006, 2007, 2008, 2010, 2014, 2015, "
-"2017, 2018, 2020 Richard Stallman"
+"Copyright © 1998, 2005, 2008, 2010, 2012, 2015, 2017, 2018, 2021 "
+"Richard Stallman"
msgstr ""
"Copyright © 1998, 2001, 2002, 2005, 2006, 2007, 2008, 2010, 2014, 2015, "
"2017, 2018, 2020 Richard Stallman"
@@ -2296,10 +2812,28 @@
msgid "Updated:"
msgstr "Bijgewerkt:"
-#. type: Content of: <div><p>
-msgid ""
-"Copyright © 1998, 2001, 2002, 2005, 2006, 2007, 2008, 2010, 2014, 2015, "
-"2017, 2018, 2020, 2021 Richard Stallman"
-msgstr ""
-"Copyright © 1998, 2001, 2002, 2005, 2006, 2007, 2008, 2010, 2014, 2015, "
-"2017, 2018, 2020, 2021 Richard Stallman"
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "by <a href=\"http://www.stallman.org/\";><strong>Richard Stallman</"
+#~ "strong></a>"
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "door <a href=\"http://www.stallman.org/\";><strong>Richard Stallman</"
+#~ "strong></a>"
+
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "Please see the <a href=\"/server/standards/README.translations.html"
+#~ "\">Translations README</a> for information on coordinating and submitting "
+#~ "translations of this article."
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "We doen ons best om goede vertalingen te maken maar staan altijd open "
+#~ "voor verbeteringen. Suggesties, op- en aanmerkingen sturen aan: <a href="
+#~ "\"mailto:web-translators@gnu.org\";><web-translators@gnu.org></a>.</"
+#~ "p> <p>Zie <a href=\"/server/standards/README.translations.html\"> "
+#~ "Translations README</a> voor informatie over het onderhoud van "
+#~ "vertalingen op deze website."
+
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "Copyright © 1998, 2001, 2002, 2005, 2006, 2007, 2008, 2010, 2014, "
+#~ "2015, 2017, 2018, 2020, 2021 Richard Stallman"
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "Copyright © 1998, 2001, 2002, 2005, 2006, 2007, 2008, 2010, 2014, "
+#~ "2015, 2017, 2018, 2020, 2021 Richard Stallman"
Index: thegnuproject.pl.po
===================================================================
RCS file: /web/www/www/gnu/po/thegnuproject.pl.po,v
retrieving revision 1.53
retrieving revision 1.54
diff -u -b -r1.53 -r1.54
--- thegnuproject.pl.po 24 Oct 2021 07:25:26 -0000 1.53
+++ thegnuproject.pl.po 24 Oct 2021 07:31:38 -0000 1.54
@@ -7,7 +7,7 @@
msgid ""
msgstr ""
"Project-Id-Version: thegnuproject.html\n"
-"POT-Creation-Date: 2020-07-12 02:25+0000\n"
+"POT-Creation-Date: 2021-10-24 07:25+0000\n"
"PO-Revision-Date: 2020-12-01 13:21-0600\n"
"Last-Translator: Jan Owoc <jsowoc AT gmail.com>\n"
"Language-Team: Polish <www-pl-trans@gnu.org>\n"
@@ -15,6 +15,7 @@
"MIME-Version: 1.0\n"
"Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8\n"
"Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit\n"
+"X-Outdated-Since: 2021-10-24 07:25+0000\n"
"Plural-Forms: nplurals=3; plural=(n==1 ? 0 : n%10>=2 && n%10<=4 && (n%100<10 "
"|| n%100>=20) ? 1 : 2);\n"
"X-Generator: Virtaal 0.7.1\n"
@@ -29,44 +30,22 @@
"GNU, Projekt GNU, FSF, wolne oprogramowanie, Fundacja Wolnego "
"Oprogramowania, historia"
-#. type: Content of: <h2>
+#. type: Content of: <div><h2>
msgid "The GNU Project"
msgstr "Projekt GNU"
-#. type: Content of: <p>
-msgid ""
-"by <a href=\"http://www.stallman.org/\";><strong>Richard Stallman</strong></a>"
-msgstr ""
-"<a href=\"http://www.stallman.org/\";><strong>Richard Stallman</strong></a>"
-
-#. type: Content of: <blockquote><p>
-msgid ""
-"Originally published in the book <em>Open Sources</em>. Richard Stallman "
-"was <a href=\"/philosophy/open-source-misses-the-point.html\"> never a "
-"supporter of “open source”</a>, but contributed this article so "
-"that the ideas of the free software movement would not be entirely absent "
-"from that book."
-msgstr ""
-"Pierwotnie opublikowane w ksiÄ
żce <em>Open Sources</em>. Richard "
-"Stallman <a href=\"/philosophy/open-source-misses-the-point.html\">nigdy nie "
-"popieraÅ „open source”</a>, ale napisaÅ ten artykuÅ "
-"aby w ksiÄ
żce nie brakowaÅo wzmianki o pomysÅach ruchu wolnego "
-"oprogramowania."
+#. type: Content of: <div><address>
+# || No change detected. The change might only be in amounts of spaces.
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid "by <a href=\"https://www.stallman.org/\";>Richard Stallman</a>"
+msgid "by <a href=\"https://www.stallman.org/\";>Richard Stallman</a>"
+msgstr "<a href=\"https://www.stallman.org/\";>Richard Stallman</a>"
-#. type: Content of: <blockquote><p>
-msgid ""
-"Why it is even more important than ever <a href=\"/philosophy/free-software-"
-"even-more-important.html\">to insist that the software we use be free</a>."
-msgstr ""
-"Dlaczego obecnie jest ważniejsze niż kiedykolwiek <a
href=\"/philosophy/free-"
-"software-even-more-important.html\">aby nalegaÄ na to, aby "
-"oprogramowanie byÅo wolne</a>."
-
-#. type: Content of: <h3>
+#. type: Content of: <div><h3>
msgid "The first software-sharing community"
msgstr "Pierwsza spoÅecznoÅÄ dzielÄ
ca siÄ oprogramowaniem"
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"When I started working at the <abbr title=\"Massachusetts Institute of "
"Technology\">MIT</abbr> Artificial Intelligence Lab in 1971, I became part "
@@ -84,15 +63,32 @@
"gotowanie. Ale nasza spoÅecznoÅÄ robiÅa to w wiÄkszym stopniu,
niż "
"inne."
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
+# | The AI Lab used a timesharing operating system called <abbr
+# | title=\"Incompatible Timesharing System\">ITS</abbr> (the Incompatible
+# | Timesharing System) that the lab's staff [-hackers (1)-]
+# | {+hackers <a href=\"#ft1\">[1]</a>+} had designed and written in
+# | assembler language for the Digital <abbr title=\"Programmed Data
+# | Processor\">PDP</abbr>-10, one of the large computers of the era. As a
+# | member of this community, an AI Lab staff system hacker, my job was to
+# | improve this system.
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "The AI Lab used a timesharing operating system called <abbr title="
+#| "\"Incompatible Timesharing System\">ITS</abbr> (the Incompatible "
+#| "Timesharing System) that the lab's staff hackers (1) had designed and "
+#| "written in assembler language for the Digital <abbr title=\"Programmed "
+#| "Data Processor\">PDP</abbr>-10, one of the large computers of the era. "
+#| "As a member of this community, an AI Lab staff system hacker, my job was "
+#| "to improve this system."
msgid ""
"The AI Lab used a timesharing operating system called <abbr title="
"\"Incompatible Timesharing System\">ITS</abbr> (the Incompatible Timesharing "
-"System) that the lab's staff hackers (1) had designed and written in "
-"assembler language for the Digital <abbr title=\"Programmed Data Processor"
-"\">PDP</abbr>-10, one of the large computers of the era. As a member of "
-"this community, an AI Lab staff system hacker, my job was to improve this "
-"system."
+"System) that the lab's staff hackers <a href=\"#ft1\">[1]</a> had "
+"designed and written in assembler language for the Digital <abbr title="
+"\"Programmed Data Processor\">PDP</abbr>-10, one of the large computers of "
+"the era. As a member of this community, an AI Lab staff system hacker, my "
+"job was to improve this system."
msgstr ""
"Laboratorium Sztucznej Inteligencji korzystaÅo z systemu operacyjnego "
"<abbr title=\"Incompatible Timesharing System\">ITS</abbr>, który dzieliŠ"
@@ -103,9 +99,24 @@
"czÅonka spoÅecznoÅci i pracownika Laboratorium, polegaÅa na "
"rozwijaniu tego systemu."
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
+# | We did not call our software “free [-software”,-]
+# | {+software,”+} because that term did not yet exist; but that is what
+# | it was. Whenever people from another university or a company wanted to
+# | port and use a program, we gladly let them. If you saw someone using an
+# | unfamiliar and interesting program, you could always ask to see the source
+# | code, so that you could read it, change it, or cannibalize parts of it to
+# | make a new program.
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "We did not call our software “free software”, because that "
+#| "term did not yet exist; but that is what it was. Whenever people from "
+#| "another university or a company wanted to port and use a program, we "
+#| "gladly let them. If you saw someone using an unfamiliar and interesting "
+#| "program, you could always ask to see the source code, so that you could "
+#| "read it, change it, or cannibalize parts of it to make a new program."
msgid ""
-"We did not call our software “free software”, because that term "
+"We did not call our software “free software,” because that term "
"did not yet exist; but that is what it was. Whenever people from another "
"university or a company wanted to port and use a program, we gladly let "
"them. If you saw someone using an unfamiliar and interesting program, you "
@@ -121,28 +132,20 @@
"– żeby go przeczytaÄ, zmieniÄ lub użyÄ jego fragmentów
do "
"stworzenia nowego programu."
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><div><p>
msgid ""
-"(1) The use of “hacker” to mean “security breaker” "
-"is a confusion on the part of the mass media. We hackers refuse to "
-"recognize that meaning, and continue using the word to mean someone who "
-"loves to program, someone who enjoys playful cleverness, or the combination "
-"of the two. See my article, <a href=\"http://stallman.org/articles/on-";
-"hacking.html\">On Hacking</a>."
+"Why it is even more important than ever <a href=\"/philosophy/free-software-"
+"even-more-important.html\">to insist that the software we use be free</a>."
msgstr ""
-"(1) Użycie sÅowa „hacker” w znaczeniu „komputerowy "
-"wÅamywacz” jest mylne, wina leży tu po stronie mass mediów. My,
"
-"hackerzy, nie zgadzamy siÄ z takim jego rozumieniem, i dalej "
-"używamy terminu hacker rozumianego jako „ktoÅ, kto kocha programowaÄ
"
-"i czerpie przyjemnoÅÄ z tego, że jest w tym "
-"dobry”. Przeczytajcie mój artykuÅ <a href=\"http://stallman.org/";
-"articles/on-hacking.html\">On Hacking</a> [po angielsku]."
+"Dlaczego obecnie jest ważniejsze niż kiedykolwiek <a
href=\"/philosophy/free-"
+"software-even-more-important.html\">aby nalegaÄ na to, aby "
+"oprogramowanie byÅo wolne</a>."
-#. type: Content of: <h3>
+#. type: Content of: <div><h3>
msgid "The collapse of the community"
msgstr "Upadek spoÅecznoÅci"
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"The situation changed drastically in the early 1980s when Digital "
"discontinued the PDP-10 series. Its architecture, elegant and powerful in "
@@ -157,15 +160,32 @@
"latach 80. To oznaczaÅo, że niemal wszystkie programy skÅadajÄ
ce
siÄ "
"na ITS staÅy siÄ przestarzaÅe."
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
+# | The AI Lab hacker community had already collapsed, not long before. In
+# | 1981, the spin-off company Symbolics had hired away nearly all of the
+# | hackers from the AI Lab, and the depopulated community was unable to
+# | maintain itself. (The book [-Hackers,-] {+<cite>Hackers</cite>,+} by
+# | Steve Levy, describes these events, as well as giving a clear picture of
+# | this community in its prime.) When the AI Lab bought a new PDP-10 in
+# | 1982, its administrators decided to use Digital's nonfree timesharing
+# | system instead of ITS.
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "The AI Lab hacker community had already collapsed, not long before. In "
+#| "1981, the spin-off company Symbolics had hired away nearly all of the "
+#| "hackers from the AI Lab, and the depopulated community was unable to "
+#| "maintain itself. (The book Hackers, by Steve Levy, describes these "
+#| "events, as well as giving a clear picture of this community in its "
+#| "prime.) When the AI Lab bought a new PDP-10 in 1982, its administrators "
+#| "decided to use Digital's nonfree timesharing system instead of ITS."
msgid ""
"The AI Lab hacker community had already collapsed, not long before. In "
"1981, the spin-off company Symbolics had hired away nearly all of the "
"hackers from the AI Lab, and the depopulated community was unable to "
-"maintain itself. (The book Hackers, by Steve Levy, describes these events, "
-"as well as giving a clear picture of this community in its prime.) When the "
-"AI Lab bought a new PDP-10 in 1982, its administrators decided to use "
-"Digital's nonfree timesharing system instead of ITS."
+"maintain itself. (The book <cite>Hackers</cite>, by Steve Levy, describes "
+"these events, as well as giving a clear picture of this community in its "
+"prime.) When the AI Lab bought a new PDP-10 in 1982, its administrators "
+"decided to use Digital's nonfree timesharing system instead of ITS."
msgstr ""
"SpoÅecznoÅÄ hackerów z Laboratorium Sztucznej Inteligencji rozpadÅa
siÄ "
"niewiele wczeÅniej. W roku 1981 rozwijajÄ
ca siÄ firma Symbolics "
@@ -177,7 +197,7 @@
"w miejsce ITS zdecydowali siÄ korzystaÄ z wyprodukowanego przez "
"firmÄ Digital zastrzeżonego systemu operacyjnego z podziaÅem czasu."
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"The modern computers of the era, such as the VAX or the 68020, had their own "
"operating systems, but none of them were free software: you had to sign a "
@@ -188,7 +208,7 @@
"wolnym oprogramowaniem. Trzeba byÅo podpisaÄ umowÄ o nieujawnianiu nawet "
"po to tylko, by dostaÄ program w postaci pliku wykonywalnego."
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"This meant that the first step in using a computer was to promise not to "
"help your neighbor. A cooperating community was forbidden. The rule made "
@@ -203,7 +223,7 @@
"jesteÅ piratem, a jeÅli potrzebujesz zmian, to bÅagaj, żebyÅmy je "
"wprowadzili”."
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"The idea that the proprietary software social system—the system that "
"says you are not allowed to share or change software—is antisocial, "
@@ -228,11 +248,27 @@
"ciÄżko i dÅugo pracowali nad przekonaniem ludzi, że to
jedyny "
"sposób, w jaki można patrzeÄ na sprawÄ."
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
+# | When software publishers talk about “enforcing” their
+# | “rights” or “stopping <a
+# | [-href=\"/philosophy/words-to-avoid.html#Piracy\">piracy</a>”,-]
+# | {+href=\"/philosophy/words-to-avoid.html#Piracy\">piracy</a>,”+}
+# | what they actually <em>say</em> is secondary. The real message of these
+# | statements is in the unstated assumptions they take for granted, which the
+# | public is asked to accept without examination. Let's therefore examine
+# | them.
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "When software publishers talk about “enforcing” their “"
+#| "rights” or “stopping <a href=\"/philosophy/words-to-avoid."
+#| "html#Piracy\">piracy</a>”, what they actually <em>say</em> is "
+#| "secondary. The real message of these statements is in the unstated "
+#| "assumptions they take for granted, which the public is asked to accept "
+#| "without examination. Let's therefore examine them."
msgid ""
"When software publishers talk about “enforcing” their “"
"rights” or “stopping <a href=\"/philosophy/words-to-avoid."
-"html#Piracy\">piracy</a>”, what they actually <em>say</em> is "
+"html#Piracy\">piracy</a>,” what they actually <em>say</em> is "
"secondary. The real message of these statements is in the unstated "
"assumptions they take for granted, which the public is asked to accept "
"without examination. Let's therefore examine them."
@@ -245,7 +281,7 @@
"jak rzecz bezdyskusyjna. SÅuchacze majÄ
rzecz przyjmowaÄ bezkrytycznie. "
"Przetestujmy zatem te zaÅożenia."
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"One assumption is that software companies have an unquestionable natural "
"right to own software and thus have power over all its users. (If this were "
@@ -264,7 +300,7 @@
"utrzymywanym przez rzÄ
d monopolem, który ogranicza naturalne prawo "
"użytkowników do kopiowania."
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"Another unstated assumption is that the only important thing about software "
"is what jobs it allows you to do—that we computer users should not "
@@ -275,7 +311,7 @@
"my, użytkownicy komputerów, nie powinniÅmy dbaÄ o to, jaki rodzaj "
"spoÅecznoÅci mamy prawo tworzyÄ."
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"A third assumption is that we would have no usable software (or would never "
"have a program to do this or that particular job) if we did not offer a "
@@ -291,7 +327,7 @@
"stworzyÄ mnóstwo użytecznego oprogramowania bez zakÅadania na "
"niego kajdan."
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"If we decline to accept these assumptions, and judge these issues based on "
"ordinary commonsense morality while placing the users first, we arrive at "
@@ -307,13 +343,31 @@
"oprogramowaniem, ponieważ pomaganie innym jest podstawÄ
funkcjonowania
"
"spoÅeczeÅstwa."
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
+# | There is no room here for an extensive statement of the reasoning behind
+# | this conclusion, so I refer the reader to [-the web pages <a
+# | href=\"/philosophy/why-free.html\">
+# | http://www.gnu.org/philosophy/why-free.html</a>-] {+“<a
+# | href=\"/philosophy/why-free.html\">Why Software Should Not Have
+# | Owners</a>,”+} and [-<a
+# | href=\"/philosophy/free-software-even-more-important.html\">
+# | http://www.gnu.org/philosophy/free-software-even-more-important.html</a>.-]
+# | {+“<a
+# | href=\"/philosophy/free-software-even-more-important.html\">Free Software
+# | Is Even More Important Now</a>.”+}
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "There is no room here for an extensive statement of the reasoning behind "
+#| "this conclusion, so I refer the reader to the web pages <a href=\"/"
+#| "philosophy/why-free.html\"> http://www.gnu.org/philosophy/why-free.html</"
+#| "a> and <a href=\"/philosophy/free-software-even-more-important.html\"> "
+#| "http://www.gnu.org/philosophy/free-software-even-more-important.html</a>."
msgid ""
"There is no room here for an extensive statement of the reasoning behind "
-"this conclusion, so I refer the reader to the web pages <a href=\"/"
-"philosophy/why-free.html\"> http://www.gnu.org/philosophy/why-free.html</a> "
-"and <a href=\"/philosophy/free-software-even-more-important.html\"> http://";
-"www.gnu.org/philosophy/free-software-even-more-important.html</a>."
+"this conclusion, so I refer the reader to “<a href=\"/philosophy/why-"
+"free.html\">Why Software Should Not Have Owners</a>,” and “<a "
+"href=\"/philosophy/free-software-even-more-important.html\">Free Software Is "
+"Even More Important Now</a>.”"
msgstr ""
"Nie ma tu miejsca na przedstawienie wyczerpujÄ
cego uzasadnienia tego "
"twierdzenia, dlatego pozwolÄ sobie skierowaÄ czytelnika do stroan
"
@@ -322,11 +376,11 @@
"html\">http://www.gnu.org/philosophy/free-software-even-more-important.html</"
"a>."
-#. type: Content of: <h3>
+#. type: Content of: <div><h3>
msgid "A stark moral choice"
msgstr "Wybór czysto moralny"
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"With my community gone, to continue as before was impossible. Instead, I "
"faced a stark moral choice."
@@ -334,7 +388,7 @@
"Moja spoÅecznoÅÄ przestaÅa istnieÄ, nie można już byÅo dziaÅaÄ
jakby nic siÄ "
"nie zmieniÅo. StanÄ
Åem w obliczu czysto moralnego wyboru."
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"The easy choice was to join the proprietary software world, signing "
"nondisclosure agreements and promising not to help my fellow hacker. Most "
@@ -349,7 +403,7 @@
"nieujawnianiu, tym samym wzmagajÄ
c presjÄ na innych, aby także
oni "
"zdradzili swoich przyjacióÅ."
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"I could have made money this way, and perhaps amused myself writing code. "
"But I knew that at the end of my career, I would look back on years of "
@@ -362,7 +416,7 @@
"ludźmi, i poczuÅbym, że życie minÄÅo mi na czynieniu
Åwiata "
"gorszym miejscem."
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"I had already experienced being on the receiving end of a nondisclosure "
"agreement, when someone refused to give me and the MIT AI Lab the source "
@@ -380,7 +434,7 @@
"ByÅem rozzÅoszczony, kiedy odmówiono nam udostÄpnienia kodu; nie mogÅem "
"obróciÄ siÄ na piÄcie i zaczÄ
Ä robiÄ to samo innym."
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"Another choice, straightforward but unpleasant, was to leave the computer "
"field. That way my skills would not be misused, but they would still be "
@@ -393,7 +447,7 @@
"dzielenia i ograniczania użytkowników komputerów, ale to i "
"tak miaÅoby miejsce."
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"So I looked for a way that a programmer could do something for the good. I "
"asked myself, was there a program or programs that I could write, so as to "
@@ -404,7 +458,7 @@
"które mógÅbym napisaÄ, i w ten sposób ponownie umożliwiÄ
powstanie "
"spoÅecznoÅci."
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"The answer was clear: what was needed first was an operating system. That "
"is the crucial software for starting to use a computer. With an operating "
@@ -423,7 +477,24 @@
"komputera bez uczestniczenia w spisku majÄ
cym na celu "
"ogoÅocenie z praw wÅasnych przyjacióÅ."
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
+# | As an operating system developer, I had the right skills for this job. So
+# | even though I could not take success for granted, I realized that I was
+# | elected to do the job. I chose to make the system compatible with Unix so
+# | that it would be portable, and so that Unix users could easily switch to
+# | it. The name GNU was chosen, following a hacker tradition, as a recursive
+# | acronym for “GNU's Not Unix.” It is pronounced as <a
+# | href=\"/gnu/pronunciation.html\">one syllable with a [-hard g</a>.-]
+# | {+hard <i>g</i></a>.+}
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "As an operating system developer, I had the right skills for this job. "
+#| "So even though I could not take success for granted, I realized that I "
+#| "was elected to do the job. I chose to make the system compatible with "
+#| "Unix so that it would be portable, and so that Unix users could easily "
+#| "switch to it. The name GNU was chosen, following a hacker tradition, as "
+#| "a recursive acronym for “GNU's Not Unix.” It is pronounced as "
+#| "<a href=\"/gnu/pronunciation.html\">one syllable with a hard g</a>."
msgid ""
"As an operating system developer, I had the right skills for this job. So "
"even though I could not take success for granted, I realized that I was "
@@ -431,7 +502,7 @@
"that it would be portable, and so that Unix users could easily switch to "
"it. The name GNU was chosen, following a hacker tradition, as a recursive "
"acronym for “GNU's Not Unix.” It is pronounced as <a href=\"/gnu/"
-"pronunciation.html\">one syllable with a hard g</a>."
+"pronunciation.html\">one syllable with a hard <i>g</i></a>."
msgstr ""
"Jako specjalista od systemów operacyjnych miaÅem wÅaÅciwe
umiejÄtnoÅci. "
"I choÄ nie mogÅem byÄ pewny sukcesu caÅego przedsiÄwziÄcia, to "
@@ -443,7 +514,7 @@
"Unix” [„GNU to Nie Unix”]. Wymawia siÄ <a href=\"/gnu/"
"pronunciation.html\">z jednÄ
sylabÄ
i twardym g</a>."
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"An operating system does not mean just a kernel, barely enough to run other "
"programs. In the 1970s, every operating system worthy of the name included "
@@ -458,42 +529,39 @@
"i wiele, wiele wiÄcej innych aplikacji. ITS miaÅ to wszystko, Multics "
"miaÅ, VMS miaÅ i Unix miaÅ. System operacyjny GNU także miaÅ to
mieÄ."
-#. type: Content of: <p>
-msgid "Later I heard these words, attributed to Hillel (1):"
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
+# | Later I heard these words, attributed to [-Hillel (1):-] {+Hillel <a
+# | href=\"#ft2\">[2]</a>:+}
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid "Later I heard these words, attributed to Hillel (1):"
+msgid ""
+"Later I heard these words, attributed to Hillel <a href=\"#ft2\">[2]</"
+"a>:"
msgstr "Później usÅyszaÅem sÅowa, przypisywane Hillelowi (1):"
-#. type: Content of: <blockquote><p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><blockquote><p>
msgid "If I am not for myself, who will be for me?"
msgstr "JeÅli nie jestem dla siebie, kto bÄdzie dla mnie?"
-#. type: Content of: <blockquote><p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><blockquote><p>
msgid "If I am only for myself, what am I?"
msgstr "JeÅli jestem tylko dla siebie, to czym jestem?"
-#. type: Content of: <blockquote><p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><blockquote><p>
msgid "If not now, when?"
msgstr "JeÅli nie teraz, to kiedy?"
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid "The decision to start the GNU Project was based on a similar spirit."
msgstr ""
"Decyzja o powoÅaniu do życia Projektu GNU podjÄta zostaÅa w "
"podobnym duchu."
-#. type: Content of: <p>
-msgid ""
-"(1) As an Atheist, I don't follow any religious leaders, but I sometimes "
-"find I admire something one of them has said."
-msgstr ""
-"(1) Jako ateista nie kierujÄ siÄ wskazaniami żadnego z przywódców "
-"religijnych, ale czasem znajdujÄ godnymi podziwu sÅowa, jakie któryÅ
"
-"z nich wypowiedziaÅ."
-
-#. type: Content of: <h3>
+#. type: Content of: <div><h3>
msgid "Free as in freedom"
msgstr "Free as in freedom"
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"The term “free software” is sometimes misunderstood—it has "
"nothing to do with price. It is about freedom. Here, therefore, is the "
@@ -505,16 +573,16 @@
"http://www.gnu.org/philosophy/free-sw.html – przyp. tÅum.]. Tu chodzi "
"o wolnoÅÄ. Dlatego definicja wolnego oprogramowania jest nastÄpujÄ
ca."
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid "A program is free software, for you, a particular user, if:"
msgstr ""
"Program jest wolnym oprogramowaniem dla ciebie, jego użytkownika, jeÅli:"
-#. type: Content of: <ul><li>
+#. type: Content of: <div><ul><li>
msgid "You have the freedom to run the program as you wish, for any purpose."
msgstr "Masz prawo do jego uruchamiania w dowolnym celu."
-#. type: Content of: <ul><li>
+#. type: Content of: <div><ul><li>
msgid ""
"You have the freedom to modify the program to suit your needs. (To make "
"this freedom effective in practice, you must have access to the source code, "
@@ -526,14 +594,14 @@
"do kodu źródÅowego, bo wprowadzanie zmian do programu "
"bez posiadania kodu źródÅowego jest niewyobrażalnie trudne.)"
-#. type: Content of: <ul><li>
+#. type: Content of: <div><ul><li>
msgid ""
"You have the freedom to redistribute copies, either gratis or for a fee."
msgstr ""
"Masz prawo do rozprowadzania kopii programu, zarówno za darmo, jak
"
"i za opÅatÄ
."
-#. type: Content of: <ul><li>
+#. type: Content of: <div><ul><li>
msgid ""
"You have the freedom to distribute modified versions of the program, so that "
"the community can benefit from your improvements."
@@ -541,7 +609,7 @@
"Masz prawo do rozprowadzania zmodyfikowanych wersji programu, tak żeby "
"spoÅecznoÅÄ mogÅa skorzystaÄ z twoich ulepszeÅ."
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"Since “free” refers to freedom, not to price, there is no "
"contradiction between selling copies and free software. In fact, the "
@@ -559,14 +627,34 @@
"Dlatego program, którego ludzie nie mogÄ
doÅÄ
czaÄ do takiego "
"zestawu, nie jest wolnym oprogramowaniem."
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
+# | Because of the ambiguity of [-“free”,-]
+# | {+“free,”+} people have long looked for alternatives, but no
+# | one has found a better term. The English language has more words and
+# | nuances than any other, but it lacks a simple, unambiguous, word that
+# | means [-“free”,-] {+“free,”+} as in
+# | freedom—“unfettered” being the word that comes closest
+# | in meaning. Such alternatives as [-“liberated”,
+# | “freedom”,-] {+“liberated,”
+# | “freedom,”+} and “open” have either the wrong
+# | meaning or some other disadvantage.
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "Because of the ambiguity of “free”, people have long looked "
+#| "for alternatives, but no one has found a better term. The English "
+#| "language has more words and nuances than any other, but it lacks a "
+#| "simple, unambiguous, word that means “free”, as in "
+#| "freedom—“unfettered” being the word that comes closest "
+#| "in meaning. Such alternatives as “liberated”, “"
+#| "freedom”, and “open” have either the wrong meaning or "
+#| "some other disadvantage."
msgid ""
-"Because of the ambiguity of “free”, people have long looked for "
+"Because of the ambiguity of “free,” people have long looked for "
"alternatives, but no one has found a better term. The English language has "
"more words and nuances than any other, but it lacks a simple, unambiguous, "
-"word that means “free”, as in freedom—“"
+"word that means “free,” as in freedom—“"
"unfettered” being the word that comes closest in meaning. Such "
-"alternatives as “liberated”, “freedom”, and “"
+"alternatives as “liberated,” “freedom,” and “"
"open” have either the wrong meaning or some other disadvantage."
msgstr ""
"Z powodu wieloznacznoÅci sÅowa „free” ludzie dÅugo
szukali "
@@ -580,11 +668,11 @@
"freedom”] czy „otwarty” [„open”] majÄ
"
"albo niewÅaÅciwe znaczenie, albo jakieÅ inne wady."
-#. type: Content of: <h3>
+#. type: Content of: <div><h3>
msgid "GNU software and the GNU system"
msgstr "Oprogramowanie GNU i system GNU"
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"Developing a whole system is a very large project. To bring it into reach, "
"I decided to adapt and use existing pieces of free software wherever that "
@@ -599,7 +687,7 @@
"formatowania tekstów, a kilka lat później raczej zaakceptowaÄ X
Window "
"System, niż pisaÄ inny system okien dla GNU."
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"Because of these decisions, and others like them, the GNU system is not the "
"same as the collection of all GNU software. The GNU system includes "
@@ -613,11 +701,11 @@
"potrzeb napisali inni ludzie czy firmy. Możemy ich
jednak używaÄ, "
"bo sÄ
wolnym oprogramowaniem."
-#. type: Content of: <h3>
+#. type: Content of: <div><h3>
msgid "Commencing the project"
msgstr "PoczÄ
tki projektu"
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"In January 1984 I quit my job at MIT and began writing GNU software. "
"Leaving MIT was necessary so that MIT would not be able to interfere with "
@@ -638,7 +726,7 @@
"dla zamierzonego celu: stworzenia nowej spoÅecznoÅci dzielÄ
cej siÄ "
"oprogramowaniem."
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"However, Professor Winston, then the head of the MIT AI Lab, kindly invited "
"me to keep using the lab's facilities."
@@ -647,15 +735,29 @@
"Inteligencji MIT, życzliwie umożliwiŠmi dalsze korzystanie z "
"wyposażenia laboratorium."
-#. type: Content of: <h3>
+#. type: Content of: <div><h3>
msgid "The first steps"
msgstr "Pierwsze kroki"
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
+# | Shortly before beginning the GNU Project, I heard about the Free
+# | University Compiler Kit, also known as VUCK. (The Dutch word for
+# | “free” is written with a [-<em>v</em>.)-] {+<i>v</i>.)+} This
+# | was a compiler designed to handle multiple languages, including C and
+# | Pascal, and to support multiple target machines. I wrote to its author
+# | asking if GNU could use it.
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "Shortly before beginning the GNU Project, I heard about the Free "
+#| "University Compiler Kit, also known as VUCK. (The Dutch word for “"
+#| "free” is written with a <em>v</em>.) This was a compiler designed "
+#| "to handle multiple languages, including C and Pascal, and to support "
+#| "multiple target machines. I wrote to its author asking if GNU could use "
+#| "it."
msgid ""
"Shortly before beginning the GNU Project, I heard about the Free University "
"Compiler Kit, also known as VUCK. (The Dutch word for “free” is "
-"written with a <em>v</em>.) This was a compiler designed to handle multiple "
+"written with a <i>v</i>.) This was a compiler designed to handle multiple "
"languages, including C and Pascal, and to support multiple target machines. "
"I wrote to its author asking if GNU could use it."
msgstr ""
@@ -667,7 +769,7 @@
"wynikowe programów przeznaczone dla rozmaitych typów komputerów.
NapisaÅem "
"do autora z pytaniem, czy można go użyÄ do tworzenia
GNU."
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"He responded derisively, stating that the university was free but the "
"compiler was not. I therefore decided that my first program for the GNU "
@@ -677,7 +779,7 @@
"nie kompilator. Wtedy zdecydowaÅem, że moim pierwszym programem dla
GNU "
"bÄdzie wielojÄzykowy i wieloplatformowy kompilator."
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"Hoping to avoid the need to write the whole compiler myself, I obtained the "
"source code for the Pastel compiler, which was a multiplatform compiler "
@@ -698,11 +800,31 @@
"wielu megabajtów pamiÄci, a istniejÄ
cy na 68000 system uniksowy "
"zezwalaÅ tylko na 64 kb."
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
+# | I then realized that the Pastel compiler functioned by parsing the entire
+# | input file into a syntax tree, converting the whole syntax tree into a
+# | chain of [-“instructions”,-] {+“instructions,”+}
+# | and then generating the whole output file, without ever freeing any
+# | storage. At this point, I concluded I would have to write a new compiler
+# | from scratch. That new compiler is now known as <abbr title=\"GNU
+# | Compiler Collection\">GCC</abbr>; none of the Pastel compiler is used in
+# | it, but I managed to adapt and use the C front end that I had written.
+# | But that was some years later; first, I worked on GNU Emacs.
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "I then realized that the Pastel compiler functioned by parsing the entire "
+#| "input file into a syntax tree, converting the whole syntax tree into a "
+#| "chain of “instructions”, and then generating the whole output "
+#| "file, without ever freeing any storage. At this point, I concluded I "
+#| "would have to write a new compiler from scratch. That new compiler is "
+#| "now known as <abbr title=\"GNU Compiler Collection\">GCC</abbr>; none of "
+#| "the Pastel compiler is used in it, but I managed to adapt and use the C "
+#| "front end that I had written. But that was some years later; first, I "
+#| "worked on GNU Emacs."
msgid ""
"I then realized that the Pastel compiler functioned by parsing the entire "
"input file into a syntax tree, converting the whole syntax tree into a chain "
-"of “instructions”, and then generating the whole output file, "
+"of “instructions,” and then generating the whole output file, "
"without ever freeing any storage. At this point, I concluded I would have "
"to write a new compiler from scratch. That new compiler is now known as "
"<abbr title=\"GNU Compiler Collection\">GCC</abbr>; none of the Pastel "
@@ -720,11 +842,11 @@
"wczeÅniej w C interfejs użytkownika. To byÅo jednak kilka lat "
"później. Najpierw pracowaÅem nad Emacsem."
-#. type: Content of: <h3>
+#. type: Content of: <div><h3>
msgid "GNU Emacs"
msgstr "GNU Emacs"
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"I began work on GNU Emacs in September 1984, and in early 1985 it was "
"beginning to be usable. This enabled me to begin using Unix systems to do "
@@ -737,7 +859,7 @@
"uczeniu siÄ vi czy ed, do tej pory edycji dokonywaÅem na "
"maszynach innego typu."
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"At this point, people began wanting to use GNU Emacs, which raised the "
"question of how to distribute it. Of course, I put it on the anonymous ftp "
@@ -758,7 +880,7 @@
"i nie mogÅo uzyskaÄ kopii poprzez ftp. WiÄc pytanie
brzmiaÅo: "
"co miaÅem im powiedzieÄ?"
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"I could have said, “Find a friend who is on the net and who will make "
"a copy for you.” Or I could have done what I did with the original "
@@ -781,11 +903,11 @@
"oprogramowaniem, poprzednika dzisiejszych przedsiÄbiorstw "
"rozpowszechniajÄ
cych caÅe systemy dystrybucji GNU/Linux."
-#. type: Content of: <h3>
+#. type: Content of: <div><h3>
msgid "Is a program free for every user?"
msgstr "Czy program jest wolny dla każdego użytkownika?"
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"If a program is free software when it leaves the hands of its author, this "
"does not necessarily mean it will be free software for everyone who has a "
@@ -806,7 +928,7 @@
"na prostych, maÅo restrykcyjnych licencjach, które dopuszczajÄ
"
"tworzenie zmodyfikowanych, zastrzeżonych wersji."
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"The paradigmatic example of this problem is the X Window System. Developed "
"at MIT, and released as free software with a permissive license, it was soon "
@@ -821,11 +943,23 @@
"zastrzeżonych systemów uniksowych i objÄÅy je tÄ
samÄ
umowÄ
o "
"nieujawnianiu. Te kopie X-ów nie byÅy już bardziej wolne, niż sam Unix."
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
+# | The developers of the X Window System did not consider this a
+# | problem—they expected and intended this to happen. Their goal was
+# | not freedom, just [-“success”,-] {+“success,”+}
+# | defined as “having many users.” They did not care whether
+# | these users had freedom, only that they should be numerous.
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "The developers of the X Window System did not consider this a "
+#| "problem—they expected and intended this to happen. Their goal was "
+#| "not freedom, just “success”, defined as “having many "
+#| "users.” They did not care whether these users had freedom, only "
+#| "that they should be numerous."
msgid ""
"The developers of the X Window System did not consider this a problem—"
"they expected and intended this to happen. Their goal was not freedom, just "
-"“success”, defined as “having many users.” They did "
+"“success,” defined as “having many users.” They did "
"not care whether these users had freedom, only that they should be numerous."
msgstr ""
"Twórcy X Window System nie uważali tego za problem – oczekiwali "
@@ -834,7 +968,7 @@
"użytkowników”. Nie dbali o to, czy ci użytkownicy majÄ
wolnoÅÄ, "
"tylko o to, by ich byÅo wielu."
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"This led to a paradoxical situation where two different ways of counting the "
"amount of freedom gave different answers to the question, “Is this "
@@ -853,23 +987,34 @@
"zastrzeżone. WiÄkszoÅÄ użytkowników X-ów używaÅa bowiem jego
zastrzeżonych "
"wersji dostarczanych z Uniksami, a nie wolnej wersji."
-#. type: Content of: <h3>
+#. type: Content of: <div><h3>
msgid "Copyleft and the GNU GPL"
msgstr "Copyleft i GNU GPL"
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
+# | The goal of GNU was to give users freedom, not just to be popular. So we
+# | needed to use distribution terms that would prevent GNU software from
+# | being turned into proprietary software. The method we use is called
+# | [-“copyleft”.(1)-] {+“copyleft” <a
+# | href=\"#ft3\">[3]</a>.+}
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "The goal of GNU was to give users freedom, not just to be popular. So we "
+#| "needed to use distribution terms that would prevent GNU software from "
+#| "being turned into proprietary software. The method we use is called "
+#| "“copyleft”.(1)"
msgid ""
"The goal of GNU was to give users freedom, not just to be popular. So we "
"needed to use distribution terms that would prevent GNU software from being "
"turned into proprietary software. The method we use is called “"
-"copyleft”.(1)"
+"copyleft” <a href=\"#ft3\">[3]</a>."
msgstr ""
"Celem GNU jest daÄ użytkownikom wolnoÅÄ, a nie tylko byÄ
popularnym. "
"Dlatego potrzebowaliÅmy takich warunków dystrybucji, które
zapobiegÅyby "
"przeksztaÅceniu oprogramowania GNU w prawnie zastrzeżone. Metoda, "
"której użyliÅmy, nazywa siÄ „copyleft”.(1)"
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"Copyleft uses copyright law, but flips it over to serve the opposite of its "
"usual purpose: instead of a means for restricting a program, it becomes a "
@@ -880,7 +1025,7 @@
"narzÄdziem sÅużÄ
cym do przeksztaÅcenia oprogramowania
w prywatnÄ
"
"wÅasnoÅÄ, staje siÄ narzÄdziem sÅużÄ
cym do zachowania wolnoÅci
programu."
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"The central idea of copyleft is that we give everyone permission to run the "
"program, copy the program, modify the program, and distribute modified "
@@ -895,7 +1040,7 @@
"wolnoÅci, które czyniÄ
oprogramowanie wolnym, sÄ
gwarantowane dla
każdego, "
"kto ma jego kopiÄ; stajÄ
siÄ prawami niezbywalnymi."
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"For an effective copyleft, modified versions must also be free. This "
"ensures that work based on ours becomes available to our community if it is "
@@ -912,7 +1057,7 @@
"dzieliÄ siÄ tymi poprawkami, bo chcemy ich użyÄ w naszej,
prawnie "
"zastrzeżonej wersji tego programu”."
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"The requirement that changes must be free is essential if we want to ensure "
"freedom for every user of the program. The companies that privatized the X "
@@ -929,7 +1074,7 @@
"pretekstem do odmówienia użytkownikowi wolnoÅci, Åatwo byÅoby
każdemu "
"nadużywaÄ tej wymówki."
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"A related issue concerns combining a free program with nonfree code. Such a "
"combination would inevitably be nonfree; whichever freedoms are lacking for "
@@ -948,13 +1093,27 @@
"z programem copyleftowym musi byÄ dokonane w taki sposób, by "
"caÅoÅÄ także byÅa wolna i wydana na zasadach copyleftu."
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
+# | The specific implementation of copyleft that we use for most GNU software
+# | is the GNU General Public License, or GNU GPL for short. We have other
+# | kinds of copyleft that are used in specific circumstances. GNU manuals
+# | are copylefted also, but use a much simpler kind of copyleft, because the
+# | complexity of the GNU GPL is not necessary for [-manuals.(2)-]
+# | {+manuals. <a href=\"#ft4\">[4]</a>+}
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "The specific implementation of copyleft that we use for most GNU software "
+#| "is the GNU General Public License, or GNU GPL for short. We have other "
+#| "kinds of copyleft that are used in specific circumstances. GNU manuals "
+#| "are copylefted also, but use a much simpler kind of copyleft, because the "
+#| "complexity of the GNU GPL is not necessary for manuals.(2)"
msgid ""
"The specific implementation of copyleft that we use for most GNU software is "
"the GNU General Public License, or GNU GPL for short. We have other kinds "
"of copyleft that are used in specific circumstances. GNU manuals are "
"copylefted also, but use a much simpler kind of copyleft, because the "
-"complexity of the GNU GPL is not necessary for manuals.(2)"
+"complexity of the GNU GPL is not necessary for manuals. <a href="
+"\"#ft4\">[4]</a>"
msgstr ""
"Charakterystycznym zastosowaniem copyleftu, którego używamy najczÄÅciej
dla "
"oprogramowania GNU, jest Powszechna Licencja Publiczna GNU [GNU General "
@@ -964,38 +1123,34 @@
"copyleftu, ponieważ dla instrukcji obsÅugi nie jest konieczna caÅa "
"zÅożonoÅÄ GNU GPL.(2)"
-#. type: Content of: <p>
-msgid ""
-"(1) In 1984 or 1985, Don Hopkins (a very imaginative fellow) mailed me a "
-"letter. On the envelope he had written several amusing sayings, including "
-"this one: “Copyleft—all rights reversed.” I used the word "
-"“copyleft” to name the distribution concept I was developing at "
-"the time."
-msgstr ""
-"(1) W 1984 lub 1985 roku Don Hopkins (znajomy obdarzony wielkÄ
"
-"wyobraźniÄ
) wysÅaÅ mi list. Na jego kopercie wypisaÅ szereg
zabawnych "
-"sentencji, miÄdzy innymi nastÄpujÄ
cÄ
: „Copyleft – all rights "
-"reversed” [„Copyleft – wszystkie prawa odwrócone”]. "
-"UżyÅem sÅowa „copyleft”, żeby nazwaÄ koncepcjÄ
dystrybucyjnÄ
, "
-"jakÄ
rozwijaÅem w owym czasie."
-
-#. type: Content of: <p>
-msgid ""
-"(2) We now use the <a href=\"/licenses/fdl.html\">GNU Free Documentation "
-"License</a> for documentation."
-msgstr ""
-"(2) Obecnie dla dokumentacji stosujemy <a href=\"/licenses/fdl.html"
-"\">LicencjÄ GNU Wolnej Dokumentacji</a> [GNU Free Documentation License]."
-
-#. type: Content of: <h3>
+#. type: Content of: <div><h3>
msgid "The Free Software Foundation"
msgstr "Fundacja Wolnego Oprogramowania (Free Software Foundation)"
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
+# | As interest in using Emacs was growing, other people became involved in
+# | the GNU project, and we decided that it was time to seek funding once
+# | again. So in 1985 we created the <a
+# | href=\"http{+s+}://www.fsf.org/\">Free Software Foundation</a> (FSF), a
+# | tax-exempt charity for free software development. The <abbr title=\"Free
+# | Software Foundation\">FSF</abbr> also took over the Emacs tape
+# | distribution business; later it extended this by adding other free
+# | software (both GNU and non-GNU) to the tape, and by selling free manuals
+# | as well.
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "As interest in using Emacs was growing, other people became involved in "
+#| "the GNU project, and we decided that it was time to seek funding once "
+#| "again. So in 1985 we created the <a href=\"http://www.fsf.org/\";>Free "
+#| "Software Foundation</a> (FSF), a tax-exempt charity for free software "
+#| "development. The <abbr title=\"Free Software Foundation\">FSF</abbr> "
+#| "also took over the Emacs tape distribution business; later it extended "
+#| "this by adding other free software (both GNU and non-GNU) to the tape, "
+#| "and by selling free manuals as well."
msgid ""
"As interest in using Emacs was growing, other people became involved in the "
"GNU project, and we decided that it was time to seek funding once again. So "
-"in 1985 we created the <a href=\"http://www.fsf.org/\";>Free Software "
+"in 1985 we created the <a href=\"https://www.fsf.org/\";>Free Software "
"Foundation</a> (FSF), a tax-exempt charity for free software development. "
"The <abbr title=\"Free Software Foundation\">FSF</abbr> also took over the "
"Emacs tape distribution business; later it extended this by adding other "
@@ -1012,16 +1167,37 @@
"rozprowadzanie innego wolnego oprogramowania (zarówno GNU jak i nie-"
"GNU), a także sprzedaż wolnych instrukcji obsÅugi."
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
+# | Most of the FSF's income used to come from sales of copies of free
+# | software and of other related services (CD-ROMs of source code, CD-ROMs
+# | with binaries, nicely printed manuals, all with the freedom to
+# | redistribute and modify), and Deluxe Distributions (distributions for
+# | which we built the whole collection of software for the customer's choice
+# | of platform). Today the FSF still <a href=\"http{+s+}://shop.fsf.org/\">
+# | sells manuals and other gear</a>, but it gets the bulk of its funding from
+# | members' dues. You can join the FSF at <a
+# | [-href=\"http://fsf.org/join\";>fsf.org</a>.-]
+# | {+href=\"https://my.fsf.org/join\";>fsf.org</a>.+}
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "Most of the FSF's income used to come from sales of copies of free "
+#| "software and of other related services (CD-ROMs of source code, CD-ROMs "
+#| "with binaries, nicely printed manuals, all with the freedom to "
+#| "redistribute and modify), and Deluxe Distributions (distributions for "
+#| "which we built the whole collection of software for the customer's choice "
+#| "of platform). Today the FSF still <a href=\"http://shop.fsf.org/\";> "
+#| "sells manuals and other gear</a>, but it gets the bulk of its funding "
+#| "from members' dues. You can join the FSF at <a href=\"http://fsf.org/join";
+#| "\">fsf.org</a>."
msgid ""
"Most of the FSF's income used to come from sales of copies of free software "
"and of other related services (CD-ROMs of source code, CD-ROMs with "
"binaries, nicely printed manuals, all with the freedom to redistribute and "
"modify), and Deluxe Distributions (distributions for which we built the "
"whole collection of software for the customer's choice of platform). Today "
-"the FSF still <a href=\"http://shop.fsf.org/\";> sells manuals and other "
+"the FSF still <a href=\"https://shop.fsf.org/\";> sells manuals and other "
"gear</a>, but it gets the bulk of its funding from members' dues. You can "
-"join the FSF at <a href=\"http://fsf.org/join\";>fsf.org</a>."
+"join the FSF at <a href=\"https://my.fsf.org/join\";>fsf.org</a>."
msgstr ""
"Historycznie wiÄkszoÅÄ przychodów FSF pochodziÅa ze sprzedaży kopii "
"programów i zwiÄ
zanych z tym innych usÅug (CD-ROM-y z kodem
"
@@ -1034,7 +1210,24 @@
"czÅonkowskich. Możecie przyÅÄ
czyÄ siÄ do FSF na stronie <a
href="
"\"http://fsf.org/join\";>fsf.org</a>."
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
+# | Free Software Foundation employees have written and maintained a number of
+# | GNU software packages. Two notable ones are the C library and the shell.
+# | The GNU C library is what every program running on a GNU/Linux system uses
+# | to communicate with Linux. It was developed by a member of the Free
+# | Software Foundation staff, Roland McGrath. The shell used on most
+# | GNU/Linux systems is <abbr title=\"Bourne Again Shell\">BASH</abbr>, the
+# | Bourne Again [-Shell(1),-] {+SHell <a href=\"#ft5\">[5]</a>,+} which
+# | was developed by FSF employee Brian Fox.
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "Free Software Foundation employees have written and maintained a number "
+#| "of GNU software packages. Two notable ones are the C library and the "
+#| "shell. The GNU C library is what every program running on a GNU/Linux "
+#| "system uses to communicate with Linux. It was developed by a member of "
+#| "the Free Software Foundation staff, Roland McGrath. The shell used on "
+#| "most GNU/Linux systems is <abbr title=\"Bourne Again Shell\">BASH</abbr>, "
+#| "the Bourne Again Shell(1), which was developed by FSF employee Brian Fox."
msgid ""
"Free Software Foundation employees have written and maintained a number of "
"GNU software packages. Two notable ones are the C library and the shell. "
@@ -1042,7 +1235,8 @@
"to communicate with Linux. It was developed by a member of the Free "
"Software Foundation staff, Roland McGrath. The shell used on most GNU/Linux "
"systems is <abbr title=\"Bourne Again Shell\">BASH</abbr>, the Bourne Again "
-"Shell(1), which was developed by FSF employee Brian Fox."
+"SHell <a href=\"#ft5\">[5]</a>, which was developed by FSF employee "
+"Brian Fox."
msgstr ""
"Pracownicy Fundacji wolnego oprogramowania napisali i utrzymywali wiele "
"pakietów oprogramowania GNU. Dwa najbardziej znane to biblioteka C
oraz "
@@ -1053,7 +1247,7 @@
"title=\"Bourne Again Shell\">BASH</abbr>, Bourne Again Shell(1), którÄ
"
"stworzyÅ pracownik FSF Brian Fox."
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"We funded development of these programs because the GNU Project was not just "
"about tools or a development environment. Our goal was a complete operating "
@@ -1064,21 +1258,11 @@
"byÅ kompletny system operacyjny, a te programy byÅy niezbÄdne
do "
"jego stworzenia."
-#. type: Content of: <p>
-msgid ""
-"(1) “Bourne Again Shell” is a play on the name “Bourne "
-"Shell”, which was the usual shell on Unix."
-msgstr ""
-"(1) „Bourne again Shell” jest żartem z nazwy „Bourne "
-"shell”, który jest standardowÄ
powÅokÄ
uniksowÄ
.
[NieprzetÅumaczalna "
-"gra sÅów – w wymowie „Bourne again” jest podobne "
-"do „born again”, „nowo narodzony”.]"
-
-#. type: Content of: <h3>
+#. type: Content of: <div><h3>
msgid "Free software support"
msgstr "Wsparcie dla wolnego oprogramowania"
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"The free software philosophy rejects a specific widespread business "
"practice, but it is not against business. When businesses respect the "
@@ -1088,7 +1272,7 @@
"biznesowe, ale nie jest przeciwko biznesowi. JeÅli biznes respektuje "
"wolnoÅÄ użytkowników, życzymy mu sukcesu."
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"Selling copies of Emacs demonstrates one kind of free software business. "
"When the FSF took over that business, I needed another way to make a "
@@ -1106,7 +1290,7 @@
"GCC do konkretnych potrzeb użytkownika, a także rozwój
programów, "
"gÅównie implementacja GCC na nowe platformy."
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"Today each of these kinds of free software business is practiced by a number "
"of corporations. Some distribute free software collections on CD-ROM; "
@@ -1122,14 +1306,33 @@
"funkcji. Obserwujemy nawet powstawanie firm informatycznych, które bazujÄ
"
"na wypuszczaniu nowych produktów wolnego oprogramowania."
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
+# | Watch out, though—a number of companies that associate themselves
+# | with the term “open source” actually base their business on
+# | nonfree software that works with free software. These are not free
+# | software companies, they are proprietary software companies whose products
+# | tempt users away from freedom. They call these programs
+# | “value-added [-packages”,-] {+packages,”+} which shows
+# | the values they would like us to adopt: convenience above freedom. If we
+# | value freedom more, we should call them “freedom-subtracted”
+# | packages.
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "Watch out, though—a number of companies that associate themselves "
+#| "with the term “open source” actually base their business on "
+#| "nonfree software that works with free software. These are not free "
+#| "software companies, they are proprietary software companies whose "
+#| "products tempt users away from freedom. They call these programs “"
+#| "value-added packages”, which shows the values they would like us to "
+#| "adopt: convenience above freedom. If we value freedom more, we should "
+#| "call them “freedom-subtracted” packages."
msgid ""
"Watch out, though—a number of companies that associate themselves with "
"the term “open source” actually base their business on nonfree "
"software that works with free software. These are not free software "
"companies, they are proprietary software companies whose products tempt "
"users away from freedom. They call these programs “value-added "
-"packages”, which shows the values they would like us to adopt: "
+"packages,” which shows the values they would like us to adopt: "
"convenience above freedom. If we value freedom more, we should call them "
"“freedom-subtracted” packages."
msgstr ""
@@ -1144,11 +1347,11 @@
"wolnoÅciÄ
. JeÅli jednak wyżej cenimy sobie wolnoÅÄ, powinniÅmy
nazwaÄ "
"je raczej produktami z „odebranÄ
wolnoÅciÄ
”."
-#. type: Content of: <h3>
+#. type: Content of: <div><h3>
msgid "Technical goals"
msgstr "OsiÄ
gniÄcia techniczne"
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"The principal goal of GNU is to be free software. Even if GNU had no "
"technical advantage over Unix, it would have a social advantage, allowing "
@@ -1160,7 +1363,7 @@
"użytkownikom na wspóÅpracÄ, oraz przewagÄ moralnÄ
,
poprzez "
"przestrzeganie zasad wolnoÅci użytkownika."
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"But it was natural to apply the known standards of good practice to the "
"work—for example, dynamically allocating data structures to avoid "
@@ -1173,7 +1376,7 @@
"czy obsÅuga wszystkich możliwych 8-bitowych znaków, gdzie tylko
miaÅo "
"to sens."
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"In addition, we rejected the Unix focus on small memory size, by deciding "
"not to support 16-bit machines (it was clear that 32-bit machines would be "
@@ -1193,7 +1396,7 @@
"zaÅadowania pliku do jÄ
dra w caÅoÅci, żeby uzyskaÄ dostÄp
do "
"jego zawartoÅci bez obaw o ograniczenia wejÅcia-wyjÅcia."
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"These decisions enabled many GNU programs to surpass their Unix counterparts "
"in reliability and speed."
@@ -1201,11 +1404,11 @@
"DziÄki tym decyzjom wiele programów GNU jest szybsza i stabilniejsza "
"od swoich uniksowych odpowiedników."
-#. type: Content of: <h3>
+#. type: Content of: <div><h3>
msgid "Donated computers"
msgstr "Podarowane komputery"
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"As the GNU Project's reputation grew, people began offering to donate "
"machines running Unix to the project. These were very useful, because the "
@@ -1221,7 +1424,7 @@
"podniosÅo problem etyczny: czy posiadanie przez nas kopii Unix-a
w "
"ogóle byÅo w porzÄ
dku?"
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"Unix was (and is) proprietary software, and the GNU Project's philosophy "
"said that we should not use proprietary software. But, applying the same "
@@ -1239,7 +1442,7 @@
"wolnego odpowiednika, który pomógÅby ludziom w zaprzestaniu
korzystania "
"z zastrzeżonych pakietów."
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"But, even if this was a justifiable evil, it was still an evil. Today we no "
"longer have any copies of Unix, because we have replaced them with free "
@@ -1251,11 +1454,11 @@
"operacyjnymi. A jeÅli nie mogliÅmy wymieniÄ systemu operacyjnego "
"maszyny na wolnym system, to wymienialiÅmy maszynÄ."
-#. type: Content of: <h3>
+#. type: Content of: <div><h3>
msgid "The GNU Task List"
msgstr "Lista zadaÅ GNU"
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"As the GNU Project proceeded, and increasing numbers of system components "
"were found or developed, eventually it became useful to make a list of the "
@@ -1274,13 +1477,27 @@
"użyteczne programy oraz dokumentacja projektu, którÄ
– jak "
"sÄ
dziliÅmy – każdy naprawdÄ kompletny system powinien posiadaÄ."
-#. type: Content of: <p>
-msgid ""
-"Today (1), hardly any Unix components are left in the GNU Task List—"
-"those jobs had been done, aside from a few inessential ones. But the list "
-"is full of projects that some might call “applications”. Any "
-"program that appeals to more than a narrow class of users would be a useful "
-"thing to add to an operating system."
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
+# | [-Today (1),-]{+Today <a href=\"#ft6\">[6]</a>,+} hardly any Unix
+# | components are left in the GNU Task List—those jobs had been done,
+# | aside from a few inessential ones. But the list is full of projects that
+# | some might call [-“applications”.-]
+# | {+“applications.”+} Any program that appeals to more than a
+# | narrow class of users would be a useful thing to add to an operating
+# | system.
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "Today (1), hardly any Unix components are left in the GNU Task List—"
+#| "those jobs had been done, aside from a few inessential ones. But the "
+#| "list is full of projects that some might call “"
+#| "applications”. Any program that appeals to more than a narrow "
+#| "class of users would be a useful thing to add to an operating system."
+msgid ""
+"Today <a href=\"#ft6\">[6]</a>, hardly any Unix components are left in "
+"the GNU Task List—those jobs had been done, aside from a few "
+"inessential ones. But the list is full of projects that some might call "
+"“applications.” Any program that appeals to more than a narrow "
+"class of users would be a useful thing to add to an operating system."
msgstr ""
"DziÅ (1) niemal wszystkie komponenty Uniksa, poza kilkoma mniej istotnymi, "
"zniknÄÅy z Listy zadaÅ. Ta praca już zostaÅa wykonana.
Ale lista "
@@ -1289,7 +1506,7 @@
"jest rzeczÄ
na tyle użytecznÄ
, by wÅÄ
czyÄ go do systemu "
"operacyjnego."
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"Even games are included in the task list—and have been since the "
"beginning. Unix included games, so naturally GNU should too. But "
@@ -1304,35 +1521,32 @@
"zamian zamieÅciliÅmy szereg gier różnych rodzajów, które użytkownikom "
"mogÅyby siÄ spodobaÄ."
-#. type: Content of: <p>
-msgid ""
-"(1) That was written in 1998. In 2009 we no longer maintain a long task "
-"list. The community develops free software so fast that we can't even keep "
-"track of it all. Instead, we have a list of High Priority Projects, a much "
-"shorter list of projects we really want to encourage people to write."
-msgstr ""
-"(1) To byÅo napisane w 1998 roku. Od 2009 już nie utrzymujemy "
-"dÅugiej listy zadaÅ. Wolne oprogramowanie jest rozwijane przez
spoÅecznoÅÄ "
-"tak szybko, że niemożliwe byÅoby wszystko ÅledziÄ. W zamian "
-"trzymamy listÄ Projektów o wysokim priorytecie [High Priority Projects]. "
-"Jest to krótsza lista projektów, na których nam zależy."
-
-#. type: Content of: <h3>
+#. type: Content of: <div><h3>
msgid "The GNU Library GPL"
msgstr "GNU GPL Bibliotek (The GNU Library GPL)"
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
+# | The GNU C library uses a special kind of copyleft called the GNU Library
+# | General Public [-License(1),-] {+License <a href=\"#ft7\">[7]</a>,+}
+# | which gives permission to link proprietary software with the library. Why
+# | make this exception?
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "The GNU C library uses a special kind of copyleft called the GNU Library "
+#| "General Public License(1), which gives permission to link proprietary "
+#| "software with the library. Why make this exception?"
msgid ""
"The GNU C library uses a special kind of copyleft called the GNU Library "
-"General Public License(1), which gives permission to link proprietary "
-"software with the library. Why make this exception?"
+"General Public License <a href=\"#ft7\">[7]</a>, which gives "
+"permission to link proprietary software with the library. Why make this "
+"exception?"
msgstr ""
"Biblioteka GNU C jest opublikowana na specjalnych warunkach copyleft, "
"nazwanego GNU Library General Public License (Powszechna Licencja Publiczna "
"Bibliotek GNU)(1), która zezwala na ÅÄ
czenie oprogramowania prawnie "
"zastrzeżonego z tÄ
bibliotekÄ
. Czemu sÅuży to odstÄpstwo
od reguÅy?"
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"It is not a matter of principle; there is no principle that says proprietary "
"software products are entitled to include our code. (Why contribute to a "
@@ -1345,7 +1559,7 @@
"siÄ z nami?). Korzystanie z LGPL dla biblioteki C, albo dla "
"każdej innej biblioteki, jest kwestiÄ
strategii."
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"The C library does a generic job; every proprietary system or compiler comes "
"with a C library. Therefore, to make our C library available only to free "
@@ -1358,7 +1572,7 @@
"daÅoby wolnemu oprogramowaniu żadnej przewagi – zniechÄciÅoby tylko
"
"innych do korzystania z naszej biblioteki."
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"One system is an exception to this: on the GNU system (and this includes GNU/"
"Linux), the GNU C library is the only C library. So the distribution terms "
@@ -1380,7 +1594,7 @@
"stosowanie wÅaÅnie GNU LGPL dla biblioteki GNU C uważamy za dobrÄ
"
"strategiÄ."
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"For other libraries, the strategic decision needs to be considered on a case-"
"by-case basis. When a library does a special job that can help write "
@@ -1395,7 +1609,7 @@
"sposób wspiera siÄ innych twórców wolnego oprogramowania, zwiÄkszajÄ
c
ich "
"przewagÄ wobec oprogramowania prawnie zastrzeżonego."
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"Consider GNU Readline, a library that was developed to provide command-line "
"editing for BASH. Readline is released under the ordinary GNU GPL, not the "
@@ -1412,7 +1626,7 @@
"oprogramowaniem tylko po to, by mogÅa korzystaÄ z Readline,
a "
"to jest wymierny zysk dla spoÅecznoÅci."
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"Proprietary software developers have the advantages money provides; free "
"software developers need to make advantages for each other. I hope some day "
@@ -1429,24 +1643,11 @@
"użytecznymi moduÅami sÅużÄ
cymi do budowy nowych wolnych programów,
"
"dajÄ
cymi znaczne korzyÅci w dalszym rozwoju wolnego oprogramowania."
-#. type: Content of: <p>
-msgid ""
-"(1) This license is now called the GNU Lesser General Public License, to "
-"avoid giving the idea that all libraries ought to use it. See <a href=\"/"
-"philosophy/why-not-lgpl.html\">Why you shouldn't use the Lesser GPL for your "
-"next library</a> for more information."
-msgstr ""
-"(1) Licencja ta nazywa siÄ obecnie GNU Lesser General Public License, "
-"Mniejsza Powszechna Licencja GNU, żeby nie podsuwaÅa sugestii, że "
-"wszystkie biblioteki powinny z niej korzystaÄ. Zobacz także tekst "
-"„<a href=\"/philosophy/why-not-lgpl.html\">Czemu nie powinniÅcie "
-"stosowaÄ Library GPL dla kolejnej biblioteki</a>”."
-
-#. type: Content of: <h3>
+#. type: Content of: <div><h3>
msgid "Scratching an itch?"
msgstr "CzuÅy punkt?"
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"Eric Raymond says that “Every good work of software starts by "
"scratching a developer's personal itch.” Maybe that happens sometimes, "
@@ -1461,7 +1662,7 @@
"operacyjny. Ich źródÅo leży w wizji i planie pracy, a nie "
"twórczym impulsie."
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"For example, we developed the GNU C library because a Unix-like system needs "
"a C library, BASH because a Unix-like system needs a shell, and GNU tar "
@@ -1474,7 +1675,7 @@
"To samo dotyczy moich wÅasnych programów – kompilatora GNU C, GNU "
"Emacsa, GDB i GNU Make."
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"Some GNU programs were developed to cope with specific threats to our "
"freedom. Thus, we developed gzip to replace the Compress program, which had "
@@ -1497,7 +1698,7 @@
"oprogramowanie szyfrujÄ
ce, bo użytkownicy nie powinni byÄ zmuszeni "
"do wyboru pomiÄdzy wolnoÅciÄ
a prywatnoÅciÄ
."
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"Of course, the people writing these programs became interested in the work, "
"and many features were added to them by various people for the sake of their "
@@ -1507,11 +1708,11 @@
"i wiele funkcji dodali, aby zaspokoiÄ swoje wÅasne potrzeby
i "
"interesy. Ale to nie jest powodem, dla którego programy te powstaÅy."
-#. type: Content of: <h3>
+#. type: Content of: <div><h3>
msgid "Unexpected developments"
msgstr "Nieoczekiwany rozwój"
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"At the beginning of the GNU Project, I imagined that we would develop the "
"whole GNU system, then release it as a whole. That is not how it happened."
@@ -1520,7 +1721,7 @@
"system GNU, a nastÄpnie opublikujemy go jako caÅoÅÄ. Tak siÄ "
"jednak nie staÅo."
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"Since each component of the GNU system was implemented on a Unix system, "
"each component could run on Unix systems long before a complete GNU system "
@@ -1535,7 +1736,7 @@
"przenoszenie na różne, niekompatybilne ze sobÄ
wersje Uniksa, a "
"czasem także na inne systemy."
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"The process made these programs much more powerful, and attracted both funds "
"and contributors to the GNU Project. But it probably also delayed "
@@ -1552,11 +1753,11 @@
"dodatkowych opcji do istniejÄ
cych komponentów, zamiast
na pisaniu, "
"jednego po drugim, kolejnych brakujÄ
cych elementów."
-#. type: Content of: <h3>
+#. type: Content of: <div><h3>
msgid "The GNU Hurd"
msgstr "GNU Hurd"
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"By 1990, the GNU system was almost complete; the only major missing "
"component was the kernel. We had decided to implement our kernel as a "
@@ -1576,7 +1777,7 @@
"zadania jÄ
dra uniksowego. Prace nad Hurdem zostaÅy opóźnione,
bo "
"czekaliÅmy na obiecanÄ
publikacjÄ Macha jako wolnego oprogramowania."
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"One reason for choosing this design was to avoid what seemed to be the "
"hardest part of the job: debugging a kernel program without a source-level "
@@ -1596,11 +1797,11 @@
"do debugowania. Uczynienie Hurda zdolnym do stabilnej pracy "
"przeciÄ
gnÄÅo siÄ o wiele lat."
-#. type: Content of: <h3>
+#. type: Content of: <div><h3>
msgid "Alix"
msgstr "Alix"
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"The GNU kernel was not originally supposed to be called the Hurd. Its "
"original name was Alix—named after the woman who was my sweetheart at "
@@ -1617,7 +1818,7 @@
"nazwaÄ moim imieniem jÄ
dro systemu”. Nic nie powiedziaÅem, ale "
"postanowiÅem zrobiÄ jej niespodziankÄ nazywajÄ
c jÄ
dro Alix."
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"It did not stay that way. Michael (now Thomas) Bushnell, the main developer "
"of the kernel, preferred the name Hurd, and redefined Alix to refer to a "
@@ -1630,7 +1831,7 @@
"przechwytywaÄ wywoÅania systemowe i obsÅugiwaÄ je, wysyÅajÄ
c
komunikaty "
"do serwerów HURD-a."
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"Later, Alix and I broke up, and she changed her name; independently, the "
"Hurd design was changed so that the C library would send messages directly "
@@ -1641,7 +1842,7 @@
"wysyÅaÅa komunikaty bezpoÅrednio do serwerów, a to uczyniÅo "
"element Alix zbÄdnym."
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"But before these things happened, a friend of hers came across the name Alix "
"in the Hurd source code, and mentioned it to her. So she did have the "
@@ -1651,11 +1852,11 @@
"imiÄ Alix w kodzie źródÅowym Hurda i wspomniaÅ jej o tym. Tak "
"że nazwa ta speÅniÅa swojÄ
rolÄ."
-#. type: Content of: <h3>
+#. type: Content of: <div><h3>
msgid "Linux and GNU/Linux"
msgstr "Linux i GNU/Linux"
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"The GNU Hurd is not suitable for production use, and we don't know if it "
"ever will be. The capability-based design has problems that result directly "
@@ -1667,7 +1868,7 @@
"dostosowania, sÄ
problemy bezpoÅrednio wynikajÄ
ce z tej
elastycznoÅci. "
"Nie wiemy czy istniejÄ
rozwiÄ
zania tych problemów."
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"Fortunately, another kernel is available. In 1991, Linus Torvalds developed "
"a Unix-compatible kernel and called it Linux. It was proprietary at first, "
@@ -1684,12 +1885,26 @@
"operacyjnego (poÅÄ
czenie ich byÅo, oczywiÅcie, istotnÄ
pracÄ
samÄ
w "
"sobie). To dziÄki Linuksowi możemy już teraz korzystaÄ z systemu
GNU."
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
+# | We call this system version <a href=\"/gnu/linux-and-gnu.html\">
+# | GNU/Linux</a>, to express its composition as a combination of the GNU
+# | system with Linux as the kernel. Please don't fall into the practice of
+# | calling the whole system [-“Linux”,-] {+“Linux,”+}
+# | since that means attributing our work to someone else. Please <a
+# | href=\"/gnu/gnu-linux-faq.html\"> give us equal mention</a>.
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "We call this system version <a href=\"/gnu/linux-and-gnu.html\"> GNU/"
+#| "Linux</a>, to express its composition as a combination of the GNU system "
+#| "with Linux as the kernel. Please don't fall into the practice of calling "
+#| "the whole system “Linux”, since that means attributing our "
+#| "work to someone else. Please <a href=\"/gnu/gnu-linux-faq.html\"> give "
+#| "us equal mention</a>."
msgid ""
"We call this system version <a href=\"/gnu/linux-and-gnu.html\"> GNU/Linux</"
"a>, to express its composition as a combination of the GNU system with Linux "
"as the kernel. Please don't fall into the practice of calling the whole "
-"system “Linux”, since that means attributing our work to someone "
+"system “Linux,” since that means attributing our work to someone "
"else. Please <a href=\"/gnu/gnu-linux-faq.html\"> give us equal mention</a>."
msgstr ""
"Nazywamy tÄ wersjÄ systemu <a
href=\"/gnu/linux-and-gnu.html\">GNU/Linux</a> "
@@ -1698,11 +1913,11 @@
"Linux”, ponieważ to przypisywanie naszej pracy komuÅ innemu. "
"Prosimy <a href=\"/gnu/gnu-linux-faq.html\">traktowaÄ nas równo</a>."
-#. type: Content of: <h3>
+#. type: Content of: <div><h3>
msgid "Challenges in our future"
msgstr "Wyzwania w naszej przyszÅoÅci"
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"We have proved our ability to develop a broad spectrum of free software. "
"This does not mean we are invincible and unstoppable. Several challenges "
@@ -1719,15 +1934,15 @@
"którÄ
ludzie okazujÄ
gdy ceniÄ
swojÄ
wolnoÅÄ i nie pozwolÄ
nikomu jej "
"sobie odebraÄ."
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid "The following four sections discuss these challenges."
msgstr "NastÄpne cztery rozdziaÅy omawiajÄ
te zagrożenia."
-#. type: Content of: <h3>
+#. type: Content of: <div><h3>
msgid "Secret hardware"
msgstr "Tajemnice sprzÄtu"
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"Hardware manufacturers increasingly tend to keep hardware specifications "
"secret. This makes it difficult to write free drivers so that Linux and "
@@ -1740,7 +1955,7 @@
"systemy operacyjne dzisiaj, ale nie bÄdziemy ich mieli w "
"przyszÅoÅci, jeÅli nie bÄdÄ
obsÅugiwaÄ komputerów jutra."
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"There are two ways to cope with this problem. Programmers can do reverse "
"engineering to figure out how to support the hardware. The rest of us can "
@@ -1753,14 +1968,29 @@
"wolne oprogramowanie; w miarÄ jak bÄdzie nas przybywaÄ, utrzymywanie "
"specyfikacji w tajemnicy stanie siÄ politykÄ
samobójczÄ
."
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
+# | Reverse engineering is a big job; will we have programmers with sufficient
+# | determination to undertake it? Yes—if we have built up a strong
+# | feeling that free software is a matter of principle, and nonfree drivers
+# | are intolerable. And will large numbers of us spend extra money, or even
+# | a little extra time, so we can use free drivers? Yes, if the determination
+# | to have freedom is [-widespread.-] {+widespread. <a
+# | href=\"#ft8\">[8]</a>+}
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "Reverse engineering is a big job; will we have programmers with "
+#| "sufficient determination to undertake it? Yes—if we have built up a "
+#| "strong feeling that free software is a matter of principle, and nonfree "
+#| "drivers are intolerable. And will large numbers of us spend extra money, "
+#| "or even a little extra time, so we can use free drivers? Yes, if the "
+#| "determination to have freedom is widespread."
msgid ""
"Reverse engineering is a big job; will we have programmers with sufficient "
"determination to undertake it? Yes—if we have built up a strong "
"feeling that free software is a matter of principle, and nonfree drivers are "
"intolerable. And will large numbers of us spend extra money, or even a "
"little extra time, so we can use free drivers? Yes, if the determination to "
-"have freedom is widespread."
+"have freedom is widespread. <a href=\"#ft8\">[8]</a>"
msgstr ""
"Inżynieria wsteczna jest ciÄżkÄ
pracÄ
; czy znajdÄ
siÄ
programiÅci "
"wystarczajÄ
co zdeterminowani, żeby jÄ
udźwignÄ
Ä? Tak, jeÅli tylko
zbudujemy "
@@ -1770,23 +2000,11 @@
"żebyÅmy mogli korzystaÄ z wolnych sterowników? Tak, jeÅli
determinacja, "
"żeby byÄ wolnym bÄdzie powszechna."
-#. type: Content of: <p>
-msgid ""
-"(2008 note: this issue extends to the BIOS as well. There is a free BIOS, "
-"<a href=\"http://www.libreboot.org/\";>LibreBoot</a> (a distribution of "
-"coreboot); the problem is getting specs for machines so that LibreBoot can "
-"support them without nonfree “blobs”.)"
-msgstr ""
-"(Notatka z 2008 r.: to dotyczy także BIOSu. Jest wolny BIOS, <a href="
-"\"http://www.libreboot.org/\";>LibreBoot</a> (dystrybucja coreboot); gÅównym
"
-"wyzwaniem jest zdobyciem specyfikacji maszyn aby LibreBoot mógŠje "
-"wspieraÄ bez niewolnych „blobów”.)"
-
-#. type: Content of: <h3>
+#. type: Content of: <div><h3>
msgid "Nonfree libraries"
msgstr "Nie-wolne biblioteki"
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"A nonfree library that runs on free operating systems acts as a trap for "
"free software developers. The library's attractive features are the bait; "
@@ -1806,7 +2024,7 @@
"zastrzeżonej biblioteki, może zwabiÄ w puÅapkÄ innych, niczego nie "
"podejrzewajÄ
cych programistów, jeÅli stanie siÄ popularny."
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"The first instance of this problem was the Motif toolkit, back in the 80s. "
"Although there were as yet no free operating systems, it was clear what "
@@ -1829,7 +2047,7 @@
"1997 staÅ siÄ wystarczajÄ
co rozbudowany dla wiÄkszoÅci programów
dotychczas "
"korzystajÄ
cych ze skÅadników Motifa."
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"Between 1996 and 1998, another nonfree <abbr title=\"Graphical User Interface"
"\">GUI</abbr> toolkit library, called Qt, was used in a substantial "
@@ -1841,7 +2059,7 @@
"nie-wolnego zestawu narzÄdzi <abbr title=\"Graphical User Interface\">GUI</"
"abbr> (Graficznego Interfejsu Użytkownika), biblioteki o nazwie Qt."
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"Free GNU/Linux systems were unable to use KDE, because we could not use the "
"library. However, some commercial distributors of GNU/Linux systems who "
@@ -1860,7 +2078,7 @@
"Qt, a miliony nowych „użytkowników Linuksa” nigdy nie "
"zostaÅy uÅwiadomione, że z tym problem. Sytuacja wydawaÅa siÄ
ponura."
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"The free software community responded to the problem in two ways: GNOME and "
"Harmony."
@@ -1868,7 +2086,7 @@
"SpoÅecznoÅÄ wolnego oprogramowania odpowiedziaÅa na ten problem
na "
"dwa sposoby: tworzÄ
c GNOME i Harmony."
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"GNOME, the GNU Network Object Model Environment, is GNU's desktop project. "
"Started in 1997 by Miguel de Icaza, and developed with the support of Red "
@@ -1886,7 +2104,7 @@
"przeznaczeniem byÅa zagwarantowanie wolnoÅci: nie zmuszaÅ do "
"korzystania z niewolnego oprogramowania."
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"Harmony is a compatible replacement library, designed to make it possible to "
"run KDE software without using Qt."
@@ -1894,13 +2112,28 @@
"Harmony jest kompatybilnÄ
bibliotekÄ
zastÄpczÄ
, zaprojektowanÄ
, żeby
daÅo "
"siÄ uruchamiaÄ oprogramowanie KDE bez korzystania z Qt."
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
+# | In November 1998, the developers of Qt announced a change of license
+# | which, when carried out, should make Qt free software. There is no way to
+# | be sure, but I think that this was partly due to the community's firm
+# | response to the problem that Qt posed when it was nonfree. (The new
+# | license is inconvenient and inequitable, so it remains desirable to avoid
+# | using [-Qt.)-] {+Qt. <a href=\"#ft9\">[9]</a>)+}
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "In November 1998, the developers of Qt announced a change of license "
+#| "which, when carried out, should make Qt free software. There is no way "
+#| "to be sure, but I think that this was partly due to the community's firm "
+#| "response to the problem that Qt posed when it was nonfree. (The new "
+#| "license is inconvenient and inequitable, so it remains desirable to avoid "
+#| "using Qt.)"
msgid ""
"In November 1998, the developers of Qt announced a change of license which, "
"when carried out, should make Qt free software. There is no way to be sure, "
"but I think that this was partly due to the community's firm response to the "
"problem that Qt posed when it was nonfree. (The new license is inconvenient "
-"and inequitable, so it remains desirable to avoid using Qt.)"
+"and inequitable, so it remains desirable to avoid using Qt. <a href="
+"\"#ft9\">[9]</a>)"
msgstr ""
"W październiku 1998 twórcy Qt ogÅosili zmianÄ licencji, która,
kiedy "
"zostanie dokonana, powinna uczyniÄ Qt wolnym oprogramowaniem. Nie ma "
@@ -1909,15 +2142,7 @@
"przedstawiaÅa sobÄ
Qt, kiedy nie byÅa wolna. (Nowa licencja jest
niedogodna "
"i niesprawiedliwa, dlatego rozsÄ
dne jest dalsze unikanie Qt.)"
-#. type: Content of: <p>
-msgid ""
-"[Subsequent note: in September 2000, Qt was rereleased under the GNU GPL, "
-"which essentially solved this problem.]"
-msgstr ""
-"[Kolejny dopisek: we wrzeÅniu 2000 Qt zostaÅa opublikowana
na warunkach "
-"GNU GPL, co zasadniczo rozwiÄ
zaÅo ten problem.]"
-
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"How will we respond to the next tempting nonfree library? Will the whole "
"community understand the need to stay out of the trap? Or will many of us "
@@ -1930,21 +2155,42 @@
"wygody, tworzÄ
c przy okazji poważny problem? Nasza przyszÅoÅÄ zależy
od "
"naszej filozofii."
-#. type: Content of: <h3>
+#. type: Content of: <div><h3>
msgid "Software patents"
msgstr "Patenty na oprogramowanie"
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
+# | The worst threat we face comes from software patents, which can put
+# | algorithms and features off limits to free software for up to twenty
+# | years. The LZW compression algorithm patents were applied for in 1983,
+# | and we still cannot release free software to produce proper compressed
+# | <abbr title=\"Graphics Interchange [-Format\">GIF</abbr>s. [As of 2009
+# | they have expired.]-] {+Format\">GIF</abbr>s. <a
+# | href=\"#ft10\">[10]</a>+} In 1998, a free program to produce <abbr
+# | title=\"MPEG-1 Audio Layer 3\">MP3</abbr> compressed audio was removed
+# | from distribution under threat of a patent [-suit. [As of 2017, these
+# | patents have expired. Look how long we had to wait.]-] {+suit. <a
+# | href=\"#ft11\">[11]</a>+}
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "The worst threat we face comes from software patents, which can put "
+#| "algorithms and features off limits to free software for up to twenty "
+#| "years. The LZW compression algorithm patents were applied for in 1983, "
+#| "and we still cannot release free software to produce proper compressed "
+#| "<abbr title=\"Graphics Interchange Format\">GIF</abbr>s. [As of 2009 "
+#| "they have expired.] In 1998, a free program to produce <abbr title="
+#| "\"MPEG-1 Audio Layer 3\">MP3</abbr> compressed audio was removed from "
+#| "distribution under threat of a patent suit. [As of 2017, these patents "
+#| "have expired. Look how long we had to wait.]"
msgid ""
"The worst threat we face comes from software patents, which can put "
"algorithms and features off limits to free software for up to twenty years. "
"The LZW compression algorithm patents were applied for in 1983, and we still "
"cannot release free software to produce proper compressed <abbr title="
-"\"Graphics Interchange Format\">GIF</abbr>s. [As of 2009 they have "
-"expired.] In 1998, a free program to produce <abbr title=\"MPEG-1 Audio "
-"Layer 3\">MP3</abbr> compressed audio was removed from distribution under "
-"threat of a patent suit. [As of 2017, these patents have expired. Look how "
-"long we had to wait.]"
+"\"Graphics Interchange Format\">GIF</abbr>s. <a href=\"#ft10\">[10]</"
+"a> In 1998, a free program to produce <abbr title=\"MPEG-1 Audio Layer "
+"3\">MP3</abbr> compressed audio was removed from distribution under threat "
+"of a patent suit. <a href=\"#ft11\">[11]</a>"
msgstr ""
"NajwiÄkszym zagrożeniem, z jakim mamy do czynienia, sÄ
patenty "
"na oprogramowanie, które mogÄ
odsunÄ
Ä algorytm
czy funkcjonalnoÅÄ "
@@ -1958,7 +2204,7 @@
"patentu. [W roku 2017 te patenty wygasÅy. Widzicie jak dÅugo musieliÅmy "
"czekaÄ.]"
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"There are ways to cope with patents: we can search for evidence that a "
"patent is invalid, and we can look for alternative ways to do a job. But "
@@ -1974,7 +2220,7 @@
"wszystkich wolnych programach. Po dÅugim czekaniu patenty siÄ "
"przedawniÄ
, ale co zrobimy w miÄdzyczasie?"
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"Those of us who value free software for freedom's sake will stay with free "
"software anyway. We will manage to get work done without the patented "
@@ -1995,11 +2241,11 @@
"solidnoÅci i sile niektórych wolnych programów, ale nie możemy
siÄ "
"na tym zatrzymaÄ. Musimy rozmawiaÄ o wolnoÅci i zasadach."
-#. type: Content of: <h3>
+#. type: Content of: <div><h3>
msgid "Free documentation"
msgstr "Wolna dokumentacja"
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"The biggest deficiency in our free operating systems is not in the "
"software—it is the lack of good free manuals that we can include in "
@@ -2014,7 +2260,7 @@
"oprogramowania nie zawiera dobrej, wolnej instrukcji obsÅugi, to jest to "
"poważna luka. Mamy dziŠwiele takich luk."
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"Free documentation, like free software, is a matter of freedom, not price. "
"The criterion for a free manual is pretty much the same as for free "
@@ -2029,7 +2275,7 @@
"sprzedaż dla zysku) musi byÄ dozwolona, zarówno on-line, jak i na "
"papierze, tak żeby każdej kopii programu mógÅ towarzyszyÄ podrÄcznik."
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"Permission for modification is crucial too. As a general rule, I don't "
"believe that it is essential for people to have permission to modify all "
@@ -2043,7 +2289,7 @@
"ja byli zobowiÄ
zani do zezwalania na modyfikowanie artykuÅów "
"takich jak ten, który opisuje nasze dziaÅania i nasze poglÄ
dy."
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"But there is a particular reason why the freedom to modify is crucial for "
"documentation for free software. When people exercise their right to modify "
@@ -2062,7 +2308,7 @@
"bycie konsekwentnym i zakoÅczenie pracy, nie zaspokaja potrzeb naszej "
"spoÅecznoÅci."
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"Some kinds of limits on how modifications are done pose no problem. For "
"example, requirements to preserve the original author's copyright notice, "
@@ -2087,7 +2333,7 @@
"zmodyfikowanego programu. Innymi sÅowy, nie przeszkadzajÄ
one
spoÅecznoÅci "
"wolnego oprogramowania w peÅnym wykorzystaniu podrÄcznika."
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"However, it must be possible to modify all the <em>technical</em> content of "
"the manual, and then distribute the result in all the usual media, through "
@@ -2100,7 +2346,7 @@
"jeÅli ograniczenia bÄdÄ
blokowaÄ spoÅecznoÅÄ, to podrÄcznik nie
bÄdzie "
"wolny, a my bÄdziemy potrzebowaÄ innego."
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"Will free software developers have the awareness and determination to "
"produce a full spectrum of free manuals? Once again, our future depends on "
@@ -2110,14 +2356,24 @@
"wystarczajÄ
cÄ
, żeby stworzyÄ peÅen zakres wolnych podrÄczników? Raz
jeszcze: "
"nasza przyszÅoÅÄ zależy od naszej filozofii."
-#. type: Content of: <h3>
+#. type: Content of: <div><h3>
msgid "We must talk about freedom"
msgstr "Musimy mówiÄ o wolnoÅci"
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
+# | Estimates today are that there are ten million users of GNU/Linux systems
+# | such as Debian GNU/Linux and Red Hat [-“Linux”.-]
+# | {+“Linux.”+} Free software has developed such practical
+# | advantages that users are flocking to it for purely practical reasons.
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "Estimates today are that there are ten million users of GNU/Linux systems "
+#| "such as Debian GNU/Linux and Red Hat “Linux”. Free software "
+#| "has developed such practical advantages that users are flocking to it for "
+#| "purely practical reasons."
msgid ""
"Estimates today are that there are ten million users of GNU/Linux systems "
-"such as Debian GNU/Linux and Red Hat “Linux”. Free software has "
+"such as Debian GNU/Linux and Red Hat “Linux.” Free software has "
"developed such practical advantages that users are flocking to it for purely "
"practical reasons."
msgstr ""
@@ -2126,7 +2382,7 @@
"Wolne oprogramowanie ma tyle praktycznych zalet, że użytkownicy "
"zwracajÄ
siÄ ku niemu z powodów czysto praktycznych."
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"The good consequences of this are evident: more interest in developing free "
"software, more customers for free software businesses, and more ability to "
@@ -2139,7 +2395,7 @@
"rozwijaÅy komercyjne wolne oprogramowanie zamiast prawnie zastrzeżonych "
"produktów informatycznych."
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"But interest in the software is growing faster than awareness of the "
"philosophy it is based on, and this leads to trouble. Our ability to meet "
@@ -2155,7 +2411,7 @@
"propagowaÄ idee wÅród nowych użytkowników, którzy doÅÄ
czajÄ
do naszej "
"spoÅecznoÅci."
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"But we are failing to do so: the efforts to attract new users into our "
"community are far outstripping the efforts to teach them the civics of our "
@@ -2167,11 +2423,11 @@
"praw, jakimi siÄ rzÄ
dzimy. Tymczasem musimy robiÄ i jedno, i "
"drugie. Musimy utrzymywaÄ te wysiÅki w równowadze."
-#. type: Content of: <h3>
+#. type: Content of: <div><h3>
msgid "“Open Source”"
msgstr "„Open Source”"
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"Teaching new users about freedom became more difficult in 1998, when a part "
"of the community decided to stop using the term “free software” "
@@ -2182,7 +2438,7 @@
"wolne oprogramowanie”, w zamian proponujÄ
c termin „otwarte "
"źródÅo” [Open source]."
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"Some who favored this term aimed to avoid the confusion of “"
"free” with “gratis”—a valid goal. Others, however, "
@@ -2204,7 +2460,7 @@
"możliwoÅciach tworzenia wysokiej jakoÅci, potÄżnego oprogramowania,
i "
"omija idee wolnoÅci, spoÅecznoÅci i zasad."
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"The “Linux” magazines are a clear example of this—they are "
"filled with advertisements for proprietary software that works with GNU/"
@@ -2217,7 +2473,7 @@
"Qt, to czy czasopisma te ostrzegÄ
programistów, by trzymaÅy siÄ
od "
"nich z daleka, czy też raczej zamieszczÄ
ich reklamy?"
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"The support of business can contribute to the community in many ways; all "
"else being equal, it is useful. But winning their support by speaking even "
@@ -2230,12 +2486,24 @@
"byÄ zgubne w skutkach. Pogarsza wspomniany brak równowagi pomiÄdzy "
"rozpowszechnieniem a obywatelskÄ
edukacjÄ
."
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
+# | “Free software” and “open source” describe the
+# | same category of software, more or less, but say different things about
+# | the software, and about values. The GNU Project continues to use the term
+# | “free [-software”,-] {+software,”+} to express the idea
+# | that freedom, not just technology, is important.
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "“Free software” and “open source” describe the "
+#| "same category of software, more or less, but say different things about "
+#| "the software, and about values. The GNU Project continues to use the "
+#| "term “free software”, to express the idea that freedom, not "
+#| "just technology, is important."
msgid ""
"“Free software” and “open source” describe the same "
"category of software, more or less, but say different things about the "
"software, and about values. The GNU Project continues to use the term "
-"“free software”, to express the idea that freedom, not just "
+"“free software,” to express the idea that freedom, not just "
"technology, is important."
msgstr ""
"Terminy „Wolne oprogramowanie” i „open source” "
@@ -2245,11 +2513,11 @@
"żeby wyraziÄ ideÄ, że to wolnoÅÄ, a nie tylko technologia,
jest "
"istotna."
-#. type: Content of: <h3>
+#. type: Content of: <div><h3>
msgid "Try!"
msgstr "Spróbuj!"
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"Yoda's aphorism (“There is no ‘try’”) sounds neat, "
"but it doesn't work for me. I have done most of my work while anxious about "
@@ -2265,7 +2533,7 @@
"nie byÅo nikogo poza mnÄ
pomiÄdzy wrogiem i bramami mojego miasta. Co
"
"zaskakujÄ
ce dla mnie samego, czasem udawaÅo mi siÄ wygraÄ."
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"Sometimes I failed; some of my cities have fallen. Then I found another "
"threatened city, and got ready for another battle. Over time, I've learned "
@@ -2278,7 +2546,7 @@
"u bram miasta pod broniÄ
, wzywajÄ
c pozostaÅych hackerów, żeby
mnie "
"wsparli."
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"Nowadays, often I'm not the only one. It is a relief and a joy when I see a "
"regiment of hackers digging in to hold the line, and I realize, this city "
@@ -2295,6 +2563,240 @@
"pewnÄ
. Nie uważajmy jej za pewnÄ
! JeÅli chcemy zachowaÄ naszÄ
wolnoÅÄ, "
"musimy byÄ przygotowani do jej obrony."
+#. type: Content of: <div><h3>
+msgid "Footnotes"
+msgstr "Przypisy"
+
+#. type: Content of: <div><ol><li>
+# | [-(1)-]The use of “hacker” to mean “security
+# | breaker” is a confusion on the part of the mass media. We hackers
+# | refuse to recognize that meaning, and continue using the word to mean
+# | someone who loves to program, someone who enjoys playful cleverness, or
+# | the combination of the two. See my article, [-<a
+# | href=\"http://stallman.org/articles/on-hacking.html\";>On Hacking</a>.-]
+# | {+“<a href=\"https://stallman.org/articles/on-hacking.html\";>On
+# | Hacking</a>.”+}
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "(1) The use of “hacker” to mean “security "
+#| "breaker” is a confusion on the part of the mass media. We hackers "
+#| "refuse to recognize that meaning, and continue using the word to mean "
+#| "someone who loves to program, someone who enjoys playful cleverness, or "
+#| "the combination of the two. See my article, <a href=\"http://stallman.";
+#| "org/articles/on-hacking.html\">On Hacking</a>."
+msgid ""
+"The use of “hacker” to mean “security breaker” is a "
+"confusion on the part of the mass media. We hackers refuse to recognize "
+"that meaning, and continue using the word to mean someone who loves to "
+"program, someone who enjoys playful cleverness, or the combination of the "
+"two. See my article, “<a href=\"https://stallman.org/articles/on-";
+"hacking.html\">On Hacking</a>.”"
+msgstr ""
+"(1) Użycie sÅowa „hacker” w znaczeniu „komputerowy "
+"wÅamywacz” jest mylne, wina leży tu po stronie mass mediów. My,
"
+"hackerzy, nie zgadzamy siÄ z takim jego rozumieniem, i dalej "
+"używamy terminu hacker rozumianego jako „ktoÅ, kto kocha programowaÄ
"
+"i czerpie przyjemnoÅÄ z tego, że jest w tym "
+"dobry”. Przeczytajcie mój artykuÅ <a href=\"http://stallman.org/";
+"articles/on-hacking.html\">On Hacking</a> [po angielsku]."
+
+#. type: Content of: <div><ol><li>
+# | [-(1)-]As an Atheist, I don't follow any religious leaders, but I
+# | sometimes find I admire something one of them has said.
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "(1) As an Atheist, I don't follow any religious leaders, but I sometimes "
+#| "find I admire something one of them has said."
+msgid ""
+"As an Atheist, I don't follow any religious leaders, but I sometimes find I "
+"admire something one of them has said."
+msgstr ""
+"(1) Jako ateista nie kierujÄ siÄ wskazaniami żadnego z przywódców "
+"religijnych, ale czasem znajdujÄ godnymi podziwu sÅowa, jakie któryÅ
"
+"z nich wypowiedziaÅ."
+
+#. type: Content of: <div><ol><li>
+# | [-(1)-]In 1984 or 1985, Don Hopkins (a very imaginative fellow) mailed me
+# | a letter. [-On-] {+<a href=\"/graphics/copyleft-sticker.html\">On+} the
+# | [-envelope-] {+envelope</a>+} he had written several amusing sayings,
+# | including this one: “Copyleft—all rights reversed.” I
+# | used the word “copyleft” to name the distribution concept I
+# | was developing at the time.
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "(1) In 1984 or 1985, Don Hopkins (a very imaginative fellow) mailed me a "
+#| "letter. On the envelope he had written several amusing sayings, "
+#| "including this one: “Copyleft—all rights reversed.” I "
+#| "used the word “copyleft” to name the distribution concept I "
+#| "was developing at the time."
+msgid ""
+"In 1984 or 1985, Don Hopkins (a very imaginative fellow) mailed me a "
+"letter. <a href=\"/graphics/copyleft-sticker.html\">On the envelope</a> he "
+"had written several amusing sayings, including this one: “"
+"Copyleft—all rights reversed.” I used the word “"
+"copyleft” to name the distribution concept I was developing at the "
+"time."
+msgstr ""
+"(1) W 1984 lub 1985 roku Don Hopkins (znajomy obdarzony wielkÄ
"
+"wyobraźniÄ
) wysÅaÅ mi list. Na jego kopercie wypisaÅ szereg
zabawnych "
+"sentencji, miÄdzy innymi nastÄpujÄ
cÄ
: „Copyleft – all rights "
+"reversed” [„Copyleft – wszystkie prawa odwrócone”]. "
+"UżyÅem sÅowa „copyleft”, żeby nazwaÄ koncepcjÄ
dystrybucyjnÄ
, "
+"jakÄ
rozwijaÅem w owym czasie."
+
+#. type: Content of: <div><ol><li>
+# | [-(2)-]We now use the <a href=\"/licenses/fdl.html\">GNU Free
+# | Documentation License</a> for documentation.
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "(2) We now use the <a href=\"/licenses/fdl.html\">GNU Free Documentation "
+#| "License</a> for documentation."
+msgid ""
+"We now use the <a href=\"/licenses/fdl.html\">GNU Free Documentation "
+"License</a> for documentation."
+msgstr ""
+"(2) Obecnie dla dokumentacji stosujemy <a href=\"/licenses/fdl.html"
+"\">LicencjÄ GNU Wolnej Dokumentacji</a> [GNU Free Documentation License]."
+
+#. type: Content of: <div><ol><li>
+# | [-(1)-]“Bourne Again Shell” is a play on the name
+# | “Bourne [-Shell”,-] {+Shell,”+} which was the usual
+# | shell on Unix.
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "(1) “Bourne Again Shell” is a play on the name “Bourne "
+#| "Shell”, which was the usual shell on Unix."
+msgid ""
+"“Bourne Again Shell” is a play on the name “Bourne Shell,"
+"” which was the usual shell on Unix."
+msgstr ""
+"(1) „Bourne again Shell” jest żartem z nazwy „Bourne "
+"shell”, który jest standardowÄ
powÅokÄ
uniksowÄ
.
[NieprzetÅumaczalna "
+"gra sÅów – w wymowie „Bourne again” jest podobne "
+"do „born again”, „nowo narodzony”.]"
+
+#. type: Content of: <div><ol><li>
+# | [-(1)-]That was written in 1998. In 2009 we no longer maintain a long
+# | task list. The community develops free software so fast that we can't
+# | even keep track of it all. Instead, we have a list of High Priority
+# | Projects, a much shorter list of projects we really want to encourage
+# | people to write.
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "(1) That was written in 1998. In 2009 we no longer maintain a long task "
+#| "list. The community develops free software so fast that we can't even "
+#| "keep track of it all. Instead, we have a list of High Priority Projects, "
+#| "a much shorter list of projects we really want to encourage people to "
+#| "write."
+msgid ""
+"That was written in 1998. In 2009 we no longer maintain a long task list. "
+"The community develops free software so fast that we can't even keep track "
+"of it all. Instead, we have a list of High Priority Projects, a much "
+"shorter list of projects we really want to encourage people to write."
+msgstr ""
+"(1) To byÅo napisane w 1998 roku. Od 2009 już nie utrzymujemy "
+"dÅugiej listy zadaÅ. Wolne oprogramowanie jest rozwijane przez
spoÅecznoÅÄ "
+"tak szybko, że niemożliwe byÅoby wszystko ÅledziÄ. W zamian "
+"trzymamy listÄ Projektów o wysokim priorytecie [High Priority Projects]. "
+"Jest to krótsza lista projektów, na których nam zależy."
+
+#. type: Content of: <div><ol><li>
+# | [-(1)-]This license is now called the GNU Lesser General Public License,
+# | to avoid giving the idea that all libraries ought to use it. See <a
+# | href=\"/philosophy/why-not-lgpl.html\">Why you shouldn't use the Lesser
+# | GPL for your next library</a> for more information.
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "(1) This license is now called the GNU Lesser General Public License, to "
+#| "avoid giving the idea that all libraries ought to use it. See <a href=\"/"
+#| "philosophy/why-not-lgpl.html\">Why you shouldn't use the Lesser GPL for "
+#| "your next library</a> for more information."
+msgid ""
+"This license is now called the GNU Lesser General Public License, to avoid "
+"giving the idea that all libraries ought to use it. See <a href=\"/"
+"philosophy/why-not-lgpl.html\">Why you shouldn't use the Lesser GPL for your "
+"next library</a> for more information."
+msgstr ""
+"(1) Licencja ta nazywa siÄ obecnie GNU Lesser General Public License, "
+"Mniejsza Powszechna Licencja GNU, żeby nie podsuwaÅa sugestii, że "
+"wszystkie biblioteki powinny z niej korzystaÄ. Zobacz także tekst "
+"„<a href=\"/philosophy/why-not-lgpl.html\">Czemu nie powinniÅcie "
+"stosowaÄ Library GPL dla kolejnej biblioteki</a>”."
+
+#. type: Content of: <div><ol><li>
+# | [-(-]2008 note: this issue extends to the BIOS as well. There is a free
+# | BIOS, <a [-href=\"http://www.libreboot.org/\";>LibreBoot</a>-]
+# | {+href=\"https://libreboot.org/\";>LibreBoot</a>+} (a distribution of
+# | coreboot); the problem is getting specs for machines so that LibreBoot can
+# | support them without nonfree [-“blobs”.)-]
+# | {+“blobs.”+}
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "(2008 note: this issue extends to the BIOS as well. There is a free "
+#| "BIOS, <a href=\"http://www.libreboot.org/\";>LibreBoot</a> (a distribution "
+#| "of coreboot); the problem is getting specs for machines so that LibreBoot "
+#| "can support them without nonfree “blobs”.)"
+msgid ""
+"2008 note: this issue extends to the BIOS as well. There is a free BIOS, <a "
+"href=\"https://libreboot.org/\";>LibreBoot</a> (a distribution of coreboot); "
+"the problem is getting specs for machines so that LibreBoot can support them "
+"without nonfree “blobs.”"
+msgstr ""
+"(Notatka z 2008 r.: to dotyczy także BIOSu. Jest wolny BIOS, <a href="
+"\"http://www.libreboot.org/\";>LibreBoot</a> (dystrybucja coreboot); gÅównym
"
+"wyzwaniem jest zdobyciem specyfikacji maszyn aby LibreBoot mógŠje "
+"wspieraÄ bez niewolnych „blobów”.)"
+
+#. type: Content of: <div><ol><li>
+# | [-[Subsequent note: in-]{+In+} September 2000, Qt was rereleased under the
+# | GNU GPL, which essentially solved this problem.[-]-]
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "[Subsequent note: in September 2000, Qt was rereleased under the GNU GPL, "
+#| "which essentially solved this problem.]"
+msgid ""
+"In September 2000, Qt was rereleased under the GNU GPL, which essentially "
+"solved this problem."
+msgstr ""
+"[Kolejny dopisek: we wrzeÅniu 2000 Qt zostaÅa opublikowana
na warunkach "
+"GNU GPL, co zasadniczo rozwiÄ
zaÅo ten problem.]"
+
+#. type: Content of: <div><ol><li>
+msgid "As of 2009, the GIF patents have expired."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <div><ol><li>
+msgid ""
+"As of 2017, the MP3 patents have expired. Look how long we had to wait."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <div><div><p>
+# | Originally published in the book [-<em>Open Sources</em>.-] {+<cite>Open
+# | Sources</cite>.+} Richard Stallman was <a
+# | href=\"/philosophy/open-source-misses-the-point.html\"> never a supporter
+# | of “open source”</a>, but contributed this article so that the
+# | ideas of the free software movement would not be entirely absent from that
+# | book.
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "Originally published in the book <em>Open Sources</em>. Richard Stallman "
+#| "was <a href=\"/philosophy/open-source-misses-the-point.html\"> never a "
+#| "supporter of “open source”</a>, but contributed this article "
+#| "so that the ideas of the free software movement would not be entirely "
+#| "absent from that book."
+msgid ""
+"Originally published in the book <cite>Open Sources</cite>. Richard "
+"Stallman was <a href=\"/philosophy/open-source-misses-the-point.html\"> "
+"never a supporter of “open source”</a>, but contributed this "
+"article so that the ideas of the free software movement would not be "
+"entirely absent from that book."
+msgstr ""
+"Pierwotnie opublikowane w ksiÄ
żce <em>Open Sources</em>. Richard "
+"Stallman <a href=\"/philosophy/open-source-misses-the-point.html\">nigdy nie "
+"popieraÅ „open source”</a>, ale napisaÅ ten artykuÅ "
+"aby w ksiÄ
żce nie brakowaÅo wzmianki o pomysÅach ruchu wolnego "
+"oprogramowania."
+
#. TRANSLATORS: Use space (SPC) as msgstr if you don't have notes.
#. type: Content of: <div>
msgid "*GNUN-SLOT: TRANSLATOR'S NOTES*"
@@ -2322,14 +2824,20 @@
#. Please send your comments and general suggestions in this regard
#. to <a href="mailto:web-translators@gnu.org";>
#. <web-translators@gnu.org></a>.</p>
-#. <p>For information on coordinating and submitting translations of
+#. <p>For information on coordinating and contributing translations of
#. our web pages, see <a
#. href="/server/standards/README.translations.html">Translations
#. README</a>.
#. type: Content of: <div><div><p>
+# || No change detected. The change might only be in amounts of spaces.
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "Please see the <a href=\"/server/standards/README.translations.html"
+#| "\">Translations README</a> for information on coordinating and "
+#| "contributing translations of this article."
msgid ""
"Please see the <a href=\"/server/standards/README.translations.html"
-"\">Translations README</a> for information on coordinating and submitting "
+"\">Translations README</a> for information on coordinating and contributing "
"translations of this article."
msgstr ""
"Staramy siÄ, aby tÅumaczenia byÅy wierne i wysokiej jakoÅci, "
@@ -2342,9 +2850,15 @@
"tÅumaczeÅ</a>."
#. type: Content of: <div><p>
+# | Copyright © 1998, [-2001, 2002,-] 2005, [-2006, 2007,-] 2008, 2010,
+# | 201[-4-]{+2+}, 2015, 2017, 2018, 202[-0-]{+1+} Richard Stallman
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "Copyright © 1998, 2001, 2002, 2005, 2006, 2007, 2008, 2010, 2014, "
+#| "2015, 2017, 2018, 2020 Richard Stallman"
msgid ""
-"Copyright © 1998, 2001, 2002, 2005, 2006, 2007, 2008, 2010, 2014, 2015, "
-"2017, 2018, 2020 Richard Stallman"
+"Copyright © 1998, 2005, 2008, 2010, 2012, 2015, 2017, 2018, 2021 "
+"Richard Stallman"
msgstr ""
"Copyright © 1998, 2001, 2002, 2005, 2006, 2007, 2008, 2010, 2014, 2015, "
"2017, 2018, 2020 Richard Stallman"
@@ -2372,10 +2886,9 @@
msgid "Updated:"
msgstr "Aktualizowane:"
-#. type: Content of: <div><p>
-msgid ""
-"Copyright © 1998, 2001, 2002, 2005, 2006, 2007, 2008, 2010, 2014, 2015, "
-"2017, 2018, 2020, 2021 Richard Stallman"
-msgstr ""
-"Copyright © 1998, 2001, 2002, 2005, 2006, 2007, 2008, 2010, 2014, 2015, "
-"2017, 2018, 2020, 2021 Richard Stallman"
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "Copyright © 1998, 2001, 2002, 2005, 2006, 2007, 2008, 2010, 2014, "
+#~ "2015, 2017, 2018, 2020, 2021 Richard Stallman"
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "Copyright © 1998, 2001, 2002, 2005, 2006, 2007, 2008, 2010, 2014, "
+#~ "2015, 2017, 2018, 2020, 2021 Richard Stallman"
Index: thegnuproject.pot
===================================================================
RCS file: /web/www/www/gnu/po/thegnuproject.pot,v
retrieving revision 1.36
retrieving revision 1.37
diff -u -b -r1.36 -r1.37
--- thegnuproject.pot 12 Jul 2020 02:30:00 -0000 1.36
+++ thegnuproject.pot 24 Oct 2021 07:31:38 -0000 1.37
@@ -7,7 +7,7 @@
msgid ""
msgstr ""
"Project-Id-Version: thegnuproject.html\n"
-"POT-Creation-Date: 2020-07-12 02:25+0000\n"
+"POT-Creation-Date: 2021-10-24 07:25+0000\n"
"PO-Revision-Date: YEAR-MO-DA HO:MI+ZONE\n"
"Last-Translator: FULL NAME <EMAIL@ADDRESS>\n"
"Language-Team: LANGUAGE <LL@li.org>\n"
@@ -24,37 +24,19 @@
msgid "GNU, GNU Project, FSF, Free Software, Free Software Foundation, History"
msgstr ""
-#. type: Content of: <h2>
+#. type: Content of: <div><h2>
msgid "The GNU Project"
msgstr ""
-#. type: Content of: <p>
-msgid ""
-"by <a href=\"http://www.stallman.org/\";><strong>Richard "
-"Stallman</strong></a>"
-msgstr ""
-
-#. type: Content of: <blockquote><p>
-msgid ""
-"Originally published in the book <em>Open Sources</em>. Richard Stallman "
-"was <a href=\"/philosophy/open-source-misses-the-point.html\"> never a "
-"supporter of “open source”</a>, but contributed this article so "
-"that the ideas of the free software movement would not be entirely absent "
-"from that book."
-msgstr ""
-
-#. type: Content of: <blockquote><p>
-msgid ""
-"Why it is even more important than ever <a "
-"href=\"/philosophy/free-software-even-more-important.html\">to insist that "
-"the software we use be free</a>."
+#. type: Content of: <div><address>
+msgid "by <a href=\"https://www.stallman.org/\";>Richard Stallman</a>"
msgstr ""
-#. type: Content of: <h3>
+#. type: Content of: <div><h3>
msgid "The first software-sharing community"
msgstr ""
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"When I started working at the <abbr title=\"Massachusetts Institute of "
"Technology\">MIT</abbr> Artificial Intelligence Lab in 1971, I became part "
@@ -64,20 +46,20 @@
"more than most."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"The AI Lab used a timesharing operating system called <abbr "
"title=\"Incompatible Timesharing System\">ITS</abbr> (the Incompatible "
-"Timesharing System) that the lab's staff hackers (1) had designed and "
-"written in assembler language for the Digital <abbr title=\"Programmed Data "
-"Processor\">PDP</abbr>-10, one of the large computers of the era. As a "
-"member of this community, an AI Lab staff system hacker, my job was to "
-"improve this system."
+"Timesharing System) that the lab's staff hackers <a "
+"href=\"#ft1\">[1]</a> had designed and written in assembler language for the "
+"Digital <abbr title=\"Programmed Data Processor\">PDP</abbr>-10, one of the "
+"large computers of the era. As a member of this community, an AI Lab staff "
+"system hacker, my job was to improve this system."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
-"We did not call our software “free software”, because that term "
+"We did not call our software “free software,” because that term "
"did not yet exist; but that is what it was. Whenever people from another "
"university or a company wanted to port and use a program, we gladly let "
"them. If you saw someone using an unfamiliar and interesting program, you "
@@ -85,21 +67,18 @@
"it, or cannibalize parts of it to make a new program."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><div><p>
msgid ""
-"(1) The use of “hacker” to mean “security breaker” "
-"is a confusion on the part of the mass media. We hackers refuse to "
-"recognize that meaning, and continue using the word to mean someone who "
-"loves to program, someone who enjoys playful cleverness, or the combination "
-"of the two. See my article, <a "
-"href=\"http://stallman.org/articles/on-hacking.html\";>On Hacking</a>."
+"Why it is even more important than ever <a "
+"href=\"/philosophy/free-software-even-more-important.html\">to insist that "
+"the software we use be free</a>."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Content of: <h3>
+#. type: Content of: <div><h3>
msgid "The collapse of the community"
msgstr ""
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"The situation changed drastically in the early 1980s when Digital "
"discontinued the PDP-10 series. Its architecture, elegant and powerful in "
@@ -108,25 +87,25 @@
"composing ITS were obsolete."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"The AI Lab hacker community had already collapsed, not long before. In "
"1981, the spin-off company Symbolics had hired away nearly all of the "
"hackers from the AI Lab, and the depopulated community was unable to "
-"maintain itself. (The book Hackers, by Steve Levy, describes these events, "
-"as well as giving a clear picture of this community in its prime.) When the "
-"AI Lab bought a new PDP-10 in 1982, its administrators decided to use "
-"Digital's nonfree timesharing system instead of ITS."
+"maintain itself. (The book <cite>Hackers</cite>, by Steve Levy, describes "
+"these events, as well as giving a clear picture of this community in its "
+"prime.) When the AI Lab bought a new PDP-10 in 1982, its administrators "
+"decided to use Digital's nonfree timesharing system instead of ITS."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"The modern computers of the era, such as the VAX or the 68020, had their own "
"operating systems, but none of them were free software: you had to sign a "
"nondisclosure agreement even to get an executable copy."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"This meant that the first step in using a computer was to promise not to "
"help your neighbor. A cooperating community was forbidden. The rule made "
@@ -135,7 +114,7 @@
"them.”"
msgstr ""
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"The idea that the proprietary software social system—the system that "
"says you are not allowed to share or change software—is antisocial, "
@@ -148,17 +127,17 @@
"one way to look at the issue."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"When software publishers talk about “enforcing” their "
"“rights” or “stopping <a "
-"href=\"/philosophy/words-to-avoid.html#Piracy\">piracy</a>”, what they "
+"href=\"/philosophy/words-to-avoid.html#Piracy\">piracy</a>,” what they "
"actually <em>say</em> is secondary. The real message of these statements is "
"in the unstated assumptions they take for granted, which the public is asked "
"to accept without examination. Let's therefore examine them."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"One assumption is that software companies have an unquestionable natural "
"right to own software and thus have power over all its users. (If this were "
@@ -168,14 +147,14 @@
"government-imposed monopoly that limits the users' natural right to copy."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"Another unstated assumption is that the only important thing about software "
"is what jobs it allows you to do—that we computer users should not "
"care what kind of society we are allowed to have."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"A third assumption is that we would have no usable software (or would never "
"have a program to do this or that particular job) if we did not offer a "
@@ -184,7 +163,7 @@
"make plenty of useful software without putting chains on it."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"If we decline to accept these assumptions, and judge these issues based on "
"ordinary commonsense morality while placing the users first, we arrive at "
@@ -193,27 +172,27 @@
"other people is the basis of society."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"There is no room here for an extensive statement of the reasoning behind "
-"this conclusion, so I refer the reader to the web pages <a "
-"href=\"/philosophy/why-free.html\"> "
-"http://www.gnu.org/philosophy/why-free.html</a> and <a "
-"href=\"/philosophy/free-software-even-more-important.html\"> "
-"http://www.gnu.org/philosophy/free-software-even-more-important.html</a>."
+"this conclusion, so I refer the reader to “<a "
+"href=\"/philosophy/why-free.html\">Why Software Should Not Have "
+"Owners</a>,” and “<a "
+"href=\"/philosophy/free-software-even-more-important.html\">Free Software Is "
+"Even More Important Now</a>.”"
msgstr ""
-#. type: Content of: <h3>
+#. type: Content of: <div><h3>
msgid "A stark moral choice"
msgstr ""
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"With my community gone, to continue as before was impossible. Instead, I "
"faced a stark moral choice."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"The easy choice was to join the proprietary software world, signing "
"nondisclosure agreements and promising not to help my fellow hacker. Most "
@@ -222,7 +201,7 @@
"betray their fellows too."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"I could have made money this way, and perhaps amused myself writing code. "
"But I knew that at the end of my career, I would look back on years of "
@@ -230,7 +209,7 @@
"world a worse place."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"I had already experienced being on the receiving end of a nondisclosure "
"agreement, when someone refused to give me and the MIT AI Lab the source "
@@ -241,7 +220,7 @@
"same thing to everyone else."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"Another choice, straightforward but unpleasant, was to leave the computer "
"field. That way my skills would not be misused, but they would still be "
@@ -249,14 +228,14 @@
"users, but it would happen nonetheless."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"So I looked for a way that a programmer could do something for the good. I "
"asked myself, was there a program or programs that I could write, so as to "
"make a community possible once again?"
msgstr ""
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"The answer was clear: what was needed first was an operating system. That "
"is the crucial software for starting to use a computer. With an operating "
@@ -267,7 +246,7 @@
"her friends."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"As an operating system developer, I had the right skills for this job. So "
"even though I could not take success for granted, I realized that I was "
@@ -275,10 +254,10 @@
"that it would be portable, and so that Unix users could easily switch to "
"it. The name GNU was chosen, following a hacker tradition, as a recursive "
"acronym for “GNU's Not Unix.” It is pronounced as <a "
-"href=\"/gnu/pronunciation.html\">one syllable with a hard g</a>."
+"href=\"/gnu/pronunciation.html\">one syllable with a hard <i>g</i></a>."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"An operating system does not mean just a kernel, barely enough to run other "
"programs. In the 1970s, every operating system worthy of the name included "
@@ -287,52 +266,48 @@
"them, and Unix had them. The GNU operating system would include them too."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Content of: <p>
-msgid "Later I heard these words, attributed to Hillel (1):"
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
+msgid ""
+"Later I heard these words, attributed to Hillel <a "
+"href=\"#ft2\">[2]</a>:"
msgstr ""
-#. type: Content of: <blockquote><p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><blockquote><p>
msgid "If I am not for myself, who will be for me?"
msgstr ""
-#. type: Content of: <blockquote><p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><blockquote><p>
msgid "If I am only for myself, what am I?"
msgstr ""
-#. type: Content of: <blockquote><p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><blockquote><p>
msgid "If not now, when?"
msgstr ""
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid "The decision to start the GNU Project was based on a similar spirit."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Content of: <p>
-msgid ""
-"(1) As an Atheist, I don't follow any religious leaders, but I sometimes "
-"find I admire something one of them has said."
-msgstr ""
-
-#. type: Content of: <h3>
+#. type: Content of: <div><h3>
msgid "Free as in freedom"
msgstr ""
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"The term “free software” is sometimes misunderstood—it has "
"nothing to do with price. It is about freedom. Here, therefore, is the "
"definition of free software."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid "A program is free software, for you, a particular user, if:"
msgstr ""
-#. type: Content of: <ul><li>
+#. type: Content of: <div><ul><li>
msgid "You have the freedom to run the program as you wish, for any purpose."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Content of: <ul><li>
+#. type: Content of: <div><ul><li>
msgid ""
"You have the freedom to modify the program to suit your needs. (To make "
"this freedom effective in practice, you must have access to the source code, "
@@ -340,17 +315,17 @@
"exceedingly difficult.)"
msgstr ""
-#. type: Content of: <ul><li>
+#. type: Content of: <div><ul><li>
msgid "You have the freedom to redistribute copies, either gratis or for a
fee."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Content of: <ul><li>
+#. type: Content of: <div><ul><li>
msgid ""
"You have the freedom to distribute modified versions of the program, so that "
"the community can benefit from your improvements."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"Since “free” refers to freedom, not to price, there is no "
"contradiction between selling copies and free software. In fact, the "
@@ -361,23 +336,23 @@
"software."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
-"Because of the ambiguity of “free”, people have long looked for "
+"Because of the ambiguity of “free,” people have long looked for "
"alternatives, but no one has found a better term. The English language has "
"more words and nuances than any other, but it lacks a simple, unambiguous, "
-"word that means “free”, as in "
+"word that means “free,” as in "
"freedom—“unfettered” being the word that comes closest in "
-"meaning. Such alternatives as “liberated”, "
-"“freedom”, and “open” have either the wrong meaning "
+"meaning. Such alternatives as “liberated,” "
+"“freedom,” and “open” have either the wrong meaning "
"or some other disadvantage."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Content of: <h3>
+#. type: Content of: <div><h3>
msgid "GNU software and the GNU system"
msgstr ""
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"Developing a whole system is a very large project. To bring it into reach, "
"I decided to adapt and use existing pieces of free software wherever that "
@@ -386,7 +361,7 @@
"Window System rather than writing another window system for GNU."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"Because of these decisions, and others like them, the GNU system is not the "
"same as the collection of all GNU software. The GNU system includes "
@@ -395,11 +370,11 @@
"they are free software."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Content of: <h3>
+#. type: Content of: <div><h3>
msgid "Commencing the project"
msgstr ""
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"In January 1984 I quit my job at MIT and began writing GNU software. "
"Leaving MIT was necessary so that MIT would not be able to interfere with "
@@ -411,33 +386,33 @@
"community."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"However, Professor Winston, then the head of the MIT AI Lab, kindly invited "
"me to keep using the lab's facilities."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Content of: <h3>
+#. type: Content of: <div><h3>
msgid "The first steps"
msgstr ""
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"Shortly before beginning the GNU Project, I heard about the Free University "
"Compiler Kit, also known as VUCK. (The Dutch word for “free” is "
-"written with a <em>v</em>.) This was a compiler designed to handle multiple "
+"written with a <i>v</i>.) This was a compiler designed to handle multiple "
"languages, including C and Pascal, and to support multiple target machines. "
"I wrote to its author asking if GNU could use it."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"He responded derisively, stating that the university was free but the "
"compiler was not. I therefore decided that my first program for the GNU "
"Project would be a multilanguage, multiplatform compiler."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"Hoping to avoid the need to write the whole compiler myself, I obtained the "
"source code for the Pastel compiler, which was a multiplatform compiler "
@@ -449,11 +424,11 @@
"allow 64k."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"I then realized that the Pastel compiler functioned by parsing the entire "
"input file into a syntax tree, converting the whole syntax tree into a chain "
-"of “instructions”, and then generating the whole output file, "
+"of “instructions,” and then generating the whole output file, "
"without ever freeing any storage. At this point, I concluded I would have "
"to write a new compiler from scratch. That new compiler is now known as "
"<abbr title=\"GNU Compiler Collection\">GCC</abbr>; none of the Pastel "
@@ -461,11 +436,11 @@
"I had written. But that was some years later; first, I worked on GNU Emacs."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Content of: <h3>
+#. type: Content of: <div><h3>
msgid "GNU Emacs"
msgstr ""
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"I began work on GNU Emacs in September 1984, and in early 1985 it was "
"beginning to be usable. This enabled me to begin using Unix systems to do "
@@ -473,7 +448,7 @@
"editing on other kinds of machines until then."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"At this point, people began wanting to use GNU Emacs, which raised the "
"question of how to distribute it. Of course, I put it on the anonymous ftp "
@@ -485,7 +460,7 @@
"say to them?"
msgstr ""
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"I could have said, “Find a friend who is on the net and who will make "
"a copy for you.” Or I could have done what I did with the original "
@@ -498,11 +473,11 @@
"distribute entire GNU/Linux system distributions."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Content of: <h3>
+#. type: Content of: <div><h3>
msgid "Is a program free for every user?"
msgstr ""
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"If a program is free software when it leaves the hands of its author, this "
"does not necessarily mean it will be free software for everyone who has a "
@@ -514,7 +489,7 @@
"proprietary modified versions."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"The paradigmatic example of this problem is the X Window System. Developed "
"at MIT, and released as free software with a permissive license, it was soon "
@@ -523,16 +498,16 @@
"agreement. These copies of X were no more free software than Unix was."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"The developers of the X Window System did not consider this a "
"problem—they expected and intended this to happen. Their goal was not "
-"freedom, just “success”, defined as “having many "
+"freedom, just “success,” defined as “having many "
"users.” They did not care whether these users had freedom, only that "
"they should be numerous."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"This led to a paradoxical situation where two different ways of counting the "
"amount of freedom gave different answers to the question, “Is this "
@@ -543,26 +518,26 @@
"the proprietary versions that came with Unix systems, not the free version."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Content of: <h3>
+#. type: Content of: <div><h3>
msgid "Copyleft and the GNU GPL"
msgstr ""
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"The goal of GNU was to give users freedom, not just to be popular. So we "
"needed to use distribution terms that would prevent GNU software from being "
"turned into proprietary software. The method we use is called "
-"“copyleft”.(1)"
+"“copyleft” <a href=\"#ft3\">[3]</a>."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"Copyleft uses copyright law, but flips it over to serve the opposite of its "
"usual purpose: instead of a means for restricting a program, it becomes a "
"means for keeping the program free."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"The central idea of copyleft is that we give everyone permission to run the "
"program, copy the program, modify the program, and distribute modified "
@@ -571,7 +546,7 @@
"to everyone who has a copy; they become inalienable rights."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"For an effective copyleft, modified versions must also be free. This "
"ensures that work based on ours becomes available to our community if it is "
@@ -581,7 +556,7 @@
"them to make our proprietary version of the program.”"
msgstr ""
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"The requirement that changes must be free is essential if we want to ensure "
"freedom for every user of the program. The companies that privatized the X "
@@ -591,7 +566,7 @@
"freedom, it would be easy for anyone to take advantage of the excuse."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"A related issue concerns combining a free program with nonfree code. Such a "
"combination would inevitably be nonfree; whichever freedoms are lacking for "
@@ -602,39 +577,25 @@
"version is also free and copylefted."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"The specific implementation of copyleft that we use for most GNU software is "
"the GNU General Public License, or GNU GPL for short. We have other kinds "
"of copyleft that are used in specific circumstances. GNU manuals are "
"copylefted also, but use a much simpler kind of copyleft, because the "
-"complexity of the GNU GPL is not necessary for manuals.(2)"
+"complexity of the GNU GPL is not necessary for manuals. <a "
+"href=\"#ft4\">[4]</a>"
msgstr ""
-#. type: Content of: <p>
-msgid ""
-"(1) In 1984 or 1985, Don Hopkins (a very imaginative fellow) mailed me a "
-"letter. On the envelope he had written several amusing sayings, including "
-"this one: “Copyleft—all rights reversed.” I used the word "
-"“copyleft” to name the distribution concept I was developing at "
-"the time."
-msgstr ""
-
-#. type: Content of: <p>
-msgid ""
-"(2) We now use the <a href=\"/licenses/fdl.html\">GNU Free Documentation "
-"License</a> for documentation."
-msgstr ""
-
-#. type: Content of: <h3>
+#. type: Content of: <div><h3>
msgid "The Free Software Foundation"
msgstr ""
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"As interest in using Emacs was growing, other people became involved in the "
"GNU project, and we decided that it was time to seek funding once again. So "
-"in 1985 we created the <a href=\"http://www.fsf.org/\";>Free Software "
+"in 1985 we created the <a href=\"https://www.fsf.org/\";>Free Software "
"Foundation</a> (FSF), a tax-exempt charity for free software development. "
"The <abbr title=\"Free Software Foundation\">FSF</abbr> also took over the "
"Emacs tape distribution business; later it extended this by adding other "
@@ -642,19 +603,19 @@
"manuals as well."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"Most of the FSF's income used to come from sales of copies of free software "
"and of other related services (CD-ROMs of source code, CD-ROMs with "
"binaries, nicely printed manuals, all with the freedom to redistribute and "
"modify), and Deluxe Distributions (distributions for which we built the "
"whole collection of software for the customer's choice of platform). Today "
-"the FSF still <a href=\"http://shop.fsf.org/\";> sells manuals and other "
+"the FSF still <a href=\"https://shop.fsf.org/\";> sells manuals and other "
"gear</a>, but it gets the bulk of its funding from members' dues. You can "
-"join the FSF at <a href=\"http://fsf.org/join\";>fsf.org</a>."
+"join the FSF at <a href=\"https://my.fsf.org/join\";>fsf.org</a>."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"Free Software Foundation employees have written and maintained a number of "
"GNU software packages. Two notable ones are the C library and the shell. "
@@ -662,34 +623,29 @@
"to communicate with Linux. It was developed by a member of the Free "
"Software Foundation staff, Roland McGrath. The shell used on most GNU/Linux "
"systems is <abbr title=\"Bourne Again Shell\">BASH</abbr>, the Bourne Again "
-"Shell(1), which was developed by FSF employee Brian Fox."
+"SHell <a href=\"#ft5\">[5]</a>, which was developed by FSF employee "
+"Brian Fox."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"We funded development of these programs because the GNU Project was not just "
"about tools or a development environment. Our goal was a complete operating "
"system, and these programs were needed for that goal."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Content of: <p>
-msgid ""
-"(1) “Bourne Again Shell” is a play on the name “Bourne "
-"Shell”, which was the usual shell on Unix."
-msgstr ""
-
-#. type: Content of: <h3>
+#. type: Content of: <div><h3>
msgid "Free software support"
msgstr ""
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"The free software philosophy rejects a specific widespread business "
"practice, but it is not against business. When businesses respect the "
"users' freedom, we wish them success."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"Selling copies of Emacs demonstrates one kind of free software business. "
"When the FSF took over that business, I needed another way to make a "
@@ -699,7 +655,7 @@
"to new platforms."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"Today each of these kinds of free software business is practiced by a number "
"of corporations. Some distribute free software collections on CD-ROM; "
@@ -708,30 +664,30 @@
"free software companies based on launching new free software products."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"Watch out, though—a number of companies that associate themselves with "
"the term “open source” actually base their business on nonfree "
"software that works with free software. These are not free software "
"companies, they are proprietary software companies whose products tempt "
"users away from freedom. They call these programs “value-added "
-"packages”, which shows the values they would like us to adopt: "
+"packages,” which shows the values they would like us to adopt: "
"convenience above freedom. If we value freedom more, we should call them "
"“freedom-subtracted” packages."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Content of: <h3>
+#. type: Content of: <div><h3>
msgid "Technical goals"
msgstr ""
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"The principal goal of GNU is to be free software. Even if GNU had no "
"technical advantage over Unix, it would have a social advantage, allowing "
"users to cooperate, and an ethical advantage, respecting the user's freedom."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"But it was natural to apply the known standards of good practice to the "
"work—for example, dynamically allocating data structures to avoid "
@@ -739,7 +695,7 @@
"wherever that made sense."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"In addition, we rejected the Unix focus on small memory size, by deciding "
"not to support 16-bit machines (it was clear that 32-bit machines would be "
@@ -750,17 +706,17 @@
"worry about I/O."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"These decisions enabled many GNU programs to surpass their Unix counterparts "
"in reliability and speed."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Content of: <h3>
+#. type: Content of: <div><h3>
msgid "Donated computers"
msgstr ""
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"As the GNU Project's reputation grew, people began offering to donate "
"machines running Unix to the project. These were very useful, because the "
@@ -769,7 +725,7 @@
"ethical issue: whether it was right for us to have a copy of Unix at all."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"Unix was (and is) proprietary software, and the GNU Project's philosophy "
"said that we should not use proprietary software. But, applying the same "
@@ -779,7 +735,7 @@
"others stop using the proprietary package."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"But, even if this was a justifiable evil, it was still an evil. Today we no "
"longer have any copies of Unix, because we have replaced them with free "
@@ -787,11 +743,11 @@
"with a free one, we replaced the machine instead."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Content of: <h3>
+#. type: Content of: <div><h3>
msgid "The GNU Task List"
msgstr ""
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"As the GNU Project proceeded, and increasing numbers of system components "
"were found or developed, eventually it became useful to make a list of the "
@@ -802,16 +758,16 @@
"have."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
-"Today (1), hardly any Unix components are left in the GNU Task "
-"List—those jobs had been done, aside from a few inessential ones. But "
-"the list is full of projects that some might call "
-"“applications”. Any program that appeals to more than a narrow "
+"Today <a href=\"#ft6\">[6]</a>, hardly any Unix components are left in "
+"the GNU Task List—those jobs had been done, aside from a few "
+"inessential ones. But the list is full of projects that some might call "
+"“applications.” Any program that appeals to more than a narrow "
"class of users would be a useful thing to add to an operating system."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"Even games are included in the task list—and have been since the "
"beginning. Unix included games, so naturally GNU should too. But "
@@ -820,26 +776,19 @@
"games that users might like."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Content of: <p>
-msgid ""
-"(1) That was written in 1998. In 2009 we no longer maintain a long task "
-"list. The community develops free software so fast that we can't even keep "
-"track of it all. Instead, we have a list of High Priority Projects, a much "
-"shorter list of projects we really want to encourage people to write."
-msgstr ""
-
-#. type: Content of: <h3>
+#. type: Content of: <div><h3>
msgid "The GNU Library GPL"
msgstr ""
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"The GNU C library uses a special kind of copyleft called the GNU Library "
-"General Public License(1), which gives permission to link proprietary "
-"software with the library. Why make this exception?"
+"General Public License <a href=\"#ft7\">[7]</a>, which gives "
+"permission to link proprietary software with the library. Why make this "
+"exception?"
msgstr ""
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"It is not a matter of principle; there is no principle that says proprietary "
"software products are entitled to include our code. (Why contribute to a "
@@ -847,7 +796,7 @@
"library, or for any library, is a matter of strategy."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"The C library does a generic job; every proprietary system or compiler comes "
"with a C library. Therefore, to make our C library available only to free "
@@ -855,7 +804,7 @@
"only have discouraged use of our library."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"One system is an exception to this: on the GNU system (and this includes "
"GNU/Linux), the GNU C library is the only C library. So the distribution "
@@ -867,7 +816,7 @@
"GPL is a good strategy for the C library."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"For other libraries, the strategic decision needs to be considered on a "
"case-by-case basis. When a library does a special job that can help write "
@@ -876,7 +825,7 @@
"giving them an advantage against proprietary software."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"Consider GNU Readline, a library that was developed to provide command-line "
"editing for BASH. Readline is released under the ordinary GNU GPL, not the "
@@ -886,7 +835,7 @@
"gain for the community."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"Proprietary software developers have the advantages money provides; free "
"software developers need to make advantages for each other. I hope some day "
@@ -896,19 +845,11 @@
"advantage for further free software development."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Content of: <p>
-msgid ""
-"(1) This license is now called the GNU Lesser General Public License, to "
-"avoid giving the idea that all libraries ought to use it. See <a "
-"href=\"/philosophy/why-not-lgpl.html\">Why you shouldn't use the Lesser GPL "
-"for your next library</a> for more information."
-msgstr ""
-
-#. type: Content of: <h3>
+#. type: Content of: <div><h3>
msgid "Scratching an itch?"
msgstr ""
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"Eric Raymond says that “Every good work of software starts by "
"scratching a developer's personal itch.” Maybe that happens sometimes, "
@@ -917,7 +858,7 @@
"from impulse."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"For example, we developed the GNU C library because a Unix-like system needs "
"a C library, BASH because a Unix-like system needs a shell, and GNU tar "
@@ -925,7 +866,7 @@
"programs—the GNU C compiler, GNU Emacs, GDB and GNU Make."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"Some GNU programs were developed to cope with specific threats to our "
"freedom. Thus, we developed gzip to replace the Compress program, which had "
@@ -938,24 +879,24 @@
"should not have to choose between privacy and freedom."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"Of course, the people writing these programs became interested in the work, "
"and many features were added to them by various people for the sake of their "
"own needs and interests. But that is not why the programs exist."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Content of: <h3>
+#. type: Content of: <div><h3>
msgid "Unexpected developments"
msgstr ""
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"At the beginning of the GNU Project, I imagined that we would develop the "
"whole GNU system, then release it as a whole. That is not how it happened."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"Since each component of the GNU system was implemented on a Unix system, "
"each component could run on Unix systems long before a complete GNU system "
@@ -964,7 +905,7 @@
"and sometimes to other systems as well."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"The process made these programs much more powerful, and attracted both funds "
"and contributors to the GNU Project. But it probably also delayed "
@@ -974,11 +915,11 @@
"after another."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Content of: <h3>
+#. type: Content of: <div><h3>
msgid "The GNU Hurd"
msgstr ""
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"By 1990, the GNU system was almost complete; the only major missing "
"component was the kernel. We had decided to implement our kernel as a "
@@ -990,7 +931,7 @@
"free software, as had been promised."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"One reason for choosing this design was to avoid what seemed to be the "
"hardest part of the job: debugging a kernel program without a source-level "
@@ -1001,11 +942,11 @@
"Making the Hurd work solidly has stretched on for many years."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Content of: <h3>
+#. type: Content of: <div><h3>
msgid "Alix"
msgstr ""
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"The GNU kernel was not originally supposed to be called the Hurd. Its "
"original name was Alix—named after the woman who was my sweetheart at "
@@ -1015,7 +956,7 @@
"said nothing, but decided to surprise her with a kernel named Alix."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"It did not stay that way. Michael (now Thomas) Bushnell, the main developer "
"of the kernel, preferred the name Hurd, and redefined Alix to refer to a "
@@ -1023,25 +964,25 @@
"handle them by sending messages to Hurd servers."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"Later, Alix and I broke up, and she changed her name; independently, the "
"Hurd design was changed so that the C library would send messages directly "
"to servers, and this made the Alix component disappear from the design."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"But before these things happened, a friend of hers came across the name Alix "
"in the Hurd source code, and mentioned it to her. So she did have the "
"chance to find a kernel named after her."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Content of: <h3>
+#. type: Content of: <div><h3>
msgid "Linux and GNU/Linux"
msgstr ""
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"The GNU Hurd is not suitable for production use, and we don't know if it "
"ever will be. The capability-based design has problems that result directly "
@@ -1049,7 +990,7 @@
"exist."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"Fortunately, another kernel is available. In 1991, Linus Torvalds developed "
"a Unix-compatible kernel and called it Linux. It was proprietary at first, "
@@ -1059,21 +1000,21 @@
"Linux that we can actually run a version of the GNU system today."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"We call this system version <a href=\"/gnu/linux-and-gnu.html\"> "
"GNU/Linux</a>, to express its composition as a combination of the GNU system "
"with Linux as the kernel. Please don't fall into the practice of calling "
-"the whole system “Linux”, since that means attributing our work "
+"the whole system “Linux,” since that means attributing our work "
"to someone else. Please <a href=\"/gnu/gnu-linux-faq.html\"> give us equal "
"mention</a>."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Content of: <h3>
+#. type: Content of: <div><h3>
msgid "Challenges in our future"
msgstr ""
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"We have proved our ability to develop a broad spectrum of free software. "
"This does not mean we are invincible and unstoppable. Several challenges "
@@ -1083,15 +1024,15 @@
"freedom and will not let anyone take it away."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid "The following four sections discuss these challenges."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Content of: <h3>
+#. type: Content of: <div><h3>
msgid "Secret hardware"
msgstr ""
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"Hardware manufacturers increasingly tend to keep hardware specifications "
"secret. This makes it difficult to write free drivers so that Linux and "
@@ -1099,7 +1040,7 @@
"we will not have them tomorrow if we cannot support tomorrow's computers."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"There are two ways to cope with this problem. Programmers can do reverse "
"engineering to figure out how to support the hardware. The rest of us can "
@@ -1107,29 +1048,21 @@
"increase, secrecy of specifications will become a self-defeating policy."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"Reverse engineering is a big job; will we have programmers with sufficient "
"determination to undertake it? Yes—if we have built up a strong "
"feeling that free software is a matter of principle, and nonfree drivers are "
"intolerable. And will large numbers of us spend extra money, or even a "
"little extra time, so we can use free drivers? Yes, if the determination to "
-"have freedom is widespread."
-msgstr ""
-
-#. type: Content of: <p>
-msgid ""
-"(2008 note: this issue extends to the BIOS as well. There is a free BIOS, "
-"<a href=\"http://www.libreboot.org/\";>LibreBoot</a> (a distribution of "
-"coreboot); the problem is getting specs for machines so that LibreBoot can "
-"support them without nonfree “blobs”.)"
+"have freedom is widespread. <a href=\"#ft8\">[8]</a>"
msgstr ""
-#. type: Content of: <h3>
+#. type: Content of: <div><h3>
msgid "Nonfree libraries"
msgstr ""
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"A nonfree library that runs on free operating systems acts as a trap for "
"free software developers. The library's attractive features are the bait; "
@@ -1140,7 +1073,7 @@
"it can lure other unsuspecting programmers into the trap."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"The first instance of this problem was the Motif toolkit, back in the 80s. "
"Although there were as yet no free operating systems, it was clear what "
@@ -1152,7 +1085,7 @@
"applications only in 1997."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"Between 1996 and 1998, another nonfree <abbr title=\"Graphical User "
"Interface\">GUI</abbr> toolkit library, called Qt, was used in a substantial "
@@ -1160,7 +1093,7 @@
"Environment\">KDE</abbr>."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"Free GNU/Linux systems were unable to use KDE, because we could not use the "
"library. However, some commercial distributors of GNU/Linux systems who "
@@ -1171,13 +1104,13 @@
"that there was a problem in this. The situation appeared grim."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"The free software community responded to the problem in two ways: GNOME and "
"Harmony."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"GNOME, the GNU Network Object Model Environment, is GNU's desktop project. "
"Started in 1997 by Miguel de Icaza, and developed with the support of Red "
@@ -1187,28 +1120,23 @@
"freedom: not to require the use of any nonfree software."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"Harmony is a compatible replacement library, designed to make it possible to "
"run KDE software without using Qt."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"In November 1998, the developers of Qt announced a change of license which, "
"when carried out, should make Qt free software. There is no way to be sure, "
"but I think that this was partly due to the community's firm response to the "
"problem that Qt posed when it was nonfree. (The new license is inconvenient "
-"and inequitable, so it remains desirable to avoid using Qt.)"
+"and inequitable, so it remains desirable to avoid using Qt. <a "
+"href=\"#ft9\">[9]</a>)"
msgstr ""
-#. type: Content of: <p>
-msgid ""
-"[Subsequent note: in September 2000, Qt was rereleased under the GNU GPL, "
-"which essentially solved this problem.]"
-msgstr ""
-
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"How will we respond to the next tempting nonfree library? Will the whole "
"community understand the need to stay out of the trap? Or will many of us "
@@ -1216,24 +1144,23 @@
"depends on our philosophy."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Content of: <h3>
+#. type: Content of: <div><h3>
msgid "Software patents"
msgstr ""
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"The worst threat we face comes from software patents, which can put "
"algorithms and features off limits to free software for up to twenty years. "
"The LZW compression algorithm patents were applied for in 1983, and we still "
"cannot release free software to produce proper compressed <abbr "
-"title=\"Graphics Interchange Format\">GIF</abbr>s. [As of 2009 they have "
-"expired.] In 1998, a free program to produce <abbr title=\"MPEG-1 Audio "
-"Layer 3\">MP3</abbr> compressed audio was removed from distribution under "
-"threat of a patent suit. [As of 2017, these patents have expired. Look how "
-"long we had to wait.]"
+"title=\"Graphics Interchange Format\">GIF</abbr>s. <a "
+"href=\"#ft10\">[10]</a> In 1998, a free program to produce <abbr "
+"title=\"MPEG-1 Audio Layer 3\">MP3</abbr> compressed audio was removed from "
+"distribution under threat of a patent suit. <a href=\"#ft11\">[11]</a>"
msgstr ""
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"There are ways to cope with patents: we can search for evidence that a "
"patent is invalid, and we can look for alternative ways to do a job. But "
@@ -1242,7 +1169,7 @@
"wait, the patents expire, but what will we do until then?"
msgstr ""
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"Those of us who value free software for freedom's sake will stay with free "
"software anyway. We will manage to get work done without the patented "
@@ -1254,11 +1181,11 @@
"and principle."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Content of: <h3>
+#. type: Content of: <div><h3>
msgid "Free documentation"
msgstr ""
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"The biggest deficiency in our free operating systems is not in the "
"software—it is the lack of good free manuals that we can include in "
@@ -1267,7 +1194,7 @@
"manual, that is a major gap. We have many such gaps today."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"Free documentation, like free software, is a matter of freedom, not price. "
"The criterion for a free manual is pretty much the same as for free "
@@ -1276,7 +1203,7 @@
"paper, so that the manual can accompany every copy of the program."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"Permission for modification is crucial too. As a general rule, I don't "
"believe that it is essential for people to have permission to modify all "
@@ -1285,7 +1212,7 @@
"our actions and our views."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"But there is a particular reason why the freedom to modify is crucial for "
"documentation for free software. When people exercise their right to modify "
@@ -1296,7 +1223,7 @@
"community's needs."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"Some kinds of limits on how modifications are done pose no problem. For "
"example, requirements to preserve the original author's copyright notice, "
@@ -1310,7 +1237,7 @@
"the manual."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"However, it must be possible to modify all the <em>technical</em> content of "
"the manual, and then distribute the result in all the usual media, through "
@@ -1318,26 +1245,26 @@
"community, the manual is not free, and we need another manual."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"Will free software developers have the awareness and determination to "
"produce a full spectrum of free manuals? Once again, our future depends on "
"philosophy."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Content of: <h3>
+#. type: Content of: <div><h3>
msgid "We must talk about freedom"
msgstr ""
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"Estimates today are that there are ten million users of GNU/Linux systems "
-"such as Debian GNU/Linux and Red Hat “Linux”. Free software has "
+"such as Debian GNU/Linux and Red Hat “Linux.” Free software has "
"developed such practical advantages that users are flocking to it for purely "
"practical reasons."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"The good consequences of this are evident: more interest in developing free "
"software, more customers for free software businesses, and more ability to "
@@ -1345,7 +1272,7 @@
"proprietary software products."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"But interest in the software is growing faster than awareness of the "
"philosophy it is based on, and this leads to trouble. Our ability to meet "
@@ -1354,7 +1281,7 @@
"the idea to the new users as they come into the community."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"But we are failing to do so: the efforts to attract new users into our "
"community are far outstripping the efforts to teach them the civics of our "
@@ -1362,18 +1289,18 @@
"balance."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Content of: <h3>
+#. type: Content of: <div><h3>
msgid "“Open Source”"
msgstr ""
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"Teaching new users about freedom became more difficult in 1998, when a part "
"of the community decided to stop using the term “free software” "
"and say “open source software” instead."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"Some who favored this term aimed to avoid the confusion of "
"“free” with “gratis”—a valid goal. Others, "
@@ -1385,7 +1312,7 @@
"powerful software, but shuns the ideas of freedom, community, and principle."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"The “Linux” magazines are a clear example of this—they are "
"filled with advertisements for proprietary software that works with "
@@ -1393,7 +1320,7 @@
"programmers to stay away from it, or will they run ads for it?"
msgstr ""
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"The support of business can contribute to the community in many ways; all "
"else being equal, it is useful. But winning their support by speaking even "
@@ -1401,20 +1328,20 @@
"imbalance between outreach and civics education even worse."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"“Free software” and “open source” describe the same "
"category of software, more or less, but say different things about the "
"software, and about values. The GNU Project continues to use the term "
-"“free software”, to express the idea that freedom, not just "
+"“free software,” to express the idea that freedom, not just "
"technology, is important."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Content of: <h3>
+#. type: Content of: <div><h3>
msgid "Try!"
msgstr ""
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"Yoda's aphorism (“There is no ‘try’”) sounds neat, "
"but it doesn't work for me. I have done most of my work while anxious about "
@@ -1424,7 +1351,7 @@
"succeeded."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"Sometimes I failed; some of my cities have fallen. Then I found another "
"threatened city, and got ready for another battle. Over time, I've learned "
@@ -1432,7 +1359,7 @@
"other hackers to come and join me."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"Nowadays, often I'm not the only one. It is a relief and a joy when I see a "
"regiment of hackers digging in to hold the line, and I realize, this city "
@@ -1442,6 +1369,96 @@
"freedom, you must be prepared to defend it."
msgstr ""
+#. type: Content of: <div><h3>
+msgid "Footnotes"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <div><ol><li>
+msgid ""
+"The use of “hacker” to mean “security breaker” is a "
+"confusion on the part of the mass media. We hackers refuse to recognize "
+"that meaning, and continue using the word to mean someone who loves to "
+"program, someone who enjoys playful cleverness, or the combination of the "
+"two. See my article, “<a "
+"href=\"https://stallman.org/articles/on-hacking.html\";>On "
+"Hacking</a>.”"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <div><ol><li>
+msgid ""
+"As an Atheist, I don't follow any religious leaders, but I sometimes find I "
+"admire something one of them has said."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <div><ol><li>
+msgid ""
+"In 1984 or 1985, Don Hopkins (a very imaginative fellow) mailed me a "
+"letter. <a href=\"/graphics/copyleft-sticker.html\">On the envelope</a> he "
+"had written several amusing sayings, including this one: "
+"“Copyleft—all rights reversed.” I used the word "
+"“copyleft” to name the distribution concept I was developing at "
+"the time."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <div><ol><li>
+msgid ""
+"We now use the <a href=\"/licenses/fdl.html\">GNU Free Documentation "
+"License</a> for documentation."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <div><ol><li>
+msgid ""
+"“Bourne Again Shell” is a play on the name “Bourne "
+"Shell,” which was the usual shell on Unix."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <div><ol><li>
+msgid ""
+"That was written in 1998. In 2009 we no longer maintain a long task list. "
+"The community develops free software so fast that we can't even keep track "
+"of it all. Instead, we have a list of High Priority Projects, a much "
+"shorter list of projects we really want to encourage people to write."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <div><ol><li>
+msgid ""
+"This license is now called the GNU Lesser General Public License, to avoid "
+"giving the idea that all libraries ought to use it. See <a "
+"href=\"/philosophy/why-not-lgpl.html\">Why you shouldn't use the Lesser GPL "
+"for your next library</a> for more information."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <div><ol><li>
+msgid ""
+"2008 note: this issue extends to the BIOS as well. There is a free BIOS, <a "
+"href=\"https://libreboot.org/\";>LibreBoot</a> (a distribution of coreboot); "
+"the problem is getting specs for machines so that LibreBoot can support them "
+"without nonfree “blobs.”"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <div><ol><li>
+msgid ""
+"In September 2000, Qt was rereleased under the GNU GPL, which essentially "
+"solved this problem."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <div><ol><li>
+msgid "As of 2009, the GIF patents have expired."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <div><ol><li>
+msgid "As of 2017, the MP3 patents have expired. Look how long we had to
wait."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <div><div><p>
+msgid ""
+"Originally published in the book <cite>Open Sources</cite>. Richard "
+"Stallman was <a href=\"/philosophy/open-source-misses-the-point.html\"> "
+"never a supporter of “open source”</a>, but contributed this "
+"article so that the ideas of the free software movement would not be "
+"entirely absent from that book."
+msgstr ""
+
#. TRANSLATORS: Use space (SPC) as msgstr if you don't have notes.
#. type: Content of: <div>
msgid "*GNUN-SLOT: TRANSLATOR'S NOTES*"
@@ -1466,7 +1483,7 @@
#
#. <web-translators@gnu.org></a>.</p>
#
-#. <p>For information on coordinating and submitting translations of
+#. <p>For information on coordinating and contributing translations of
#. our web pages, see <a
#. href="/server/standards/README.translations.html">Translations
#. README</a>.
@@ -1474,13 +1491,14 @@
msgid ""
"Please see the <a "
"href=\"/server/standards/README.translations.html\">Translations README</a> "
-"for information on coordinating and submitting translations of this article."
+"for information on coordinating and contributing translations of this "
+"article."
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
-"Copyright © 1998, 2001, 2002, 2005, 2006, 2007, 2008, 2010, 2014, 2015, "
-"2017, 2018, 2020 Richard Stallman"
+"Copyright © 1998, 2005, 2008, 2010, 2012, 2015, 2017, 2018, 2021 "
+"Richard Stallman"
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <div><p>
Index: thegnuproject.pt-br.po
===================================================================
RCS file: /web/www/www/gnu/po/thegnuproject.pt-br.po,v
retrieving revision 1.30
retrieving revision 1.31
diff -u -b -r1.30 -r1.31
--- thegnuproject.pt-br.po 24 Oct 2021 07:25:24 -0000 1.30
+++ thegnuproject.pt-br.po 24 Oct 2021 07:31:38 -0000 1.31
@@ -10,7 +10,7 @@
msgid ""
msgstr ""
"Project-Id-Version: thegnuproject.html\n"
-"POT-Creation-Date: 2020-07-12 02:25+0000\n"
+"POT-Creation-Date: 2021-10-24 07:25+0000\n"
"PO-Revision-Date: 2020-07-25 09:13-0300\n"
"Last-Translator: Rafael Fontenelle <rafaelff@gnome.org>\n"
"Language-Team: Brazilian Portuguese <www-pt-br-general@gnu.org>\n"
@@ -18,6 +18,7 @@
"MIME-Version: 1.0\n"
"Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8\n"
"Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit\n"
+"X-Outdated-Since: 2021-10-24 07:25+0000\n"
"Plural-Forms: nplurals=2; plural=(n > 1)\n"
"X-Generator: Gtranslator 3.36.0\n"
@@ -30,43 +31,21 @@
msgstr ""
"GNU, Projeto GNU, FSF, Software Livre, Free Software Foundation, História"
-#. type: Content of: <h2>
+#. type: Content of: <div><h2>
msgid "The GNU Project"
msgstr "O Projeto GNU"
-#. type: Content of: <p>
-msgid ""
-"by <a href=\"http://www.stallman.org/\";><strong>Richard Stallman</strong></a>"
-msgstr ""
-"por <a href=\"http://www.stallman.org/\";><strong>Richard Stallman</strong></"
-"a>"
-
-#. type: Content of: <blockquote><p>
-msgid ""
-"Originally published in the book <em>Open Sources</em>. Richard Stallman "
-"was <a href=\"/philosophy/open-source-misses-the-point.html\"> never a "
-"supporter of “open source”</a>, but contributed this article so "
-"that the ideas of the free software movement would not be entirely absent "
-"from that book."
-msgstr ""
-"Originalmente publicado no livro <em>Open Sources</em>. Richard Stallman <a "
-"href=\"/philosophy/open-source-misses-the-point.html\">nunca foi um apoiante "
-"do âcódigo abertoâ</a>, mas contribuiu com este artigo para que as
ideias do "
-"movimento de software livre não estivessem totalmente ausentes naquele
livro."
+#. type: Content of: <div><address>
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid "by <a href=\"https://www.stallman.org/\";>Richard Stallman</a>"
+msgid "by <a href=\"https://www.stallman.org/\";>Richard Stallman</a>"
+msgstr "por <a href=\"https://www.stallman.org/\";>Richard Stallman</a>"
-#. type: Content of: <blockquote><p>
-msgid ""
-"Why it is even more important than ever <a href=\"/philosophy/free-software-"
-"even-more-important.html\">to insist that the software we use be free</a>."
-msgstr ""
-"Por que é mais importante do que nunca <a href=\"/philosophy/free-software-"
-"even-more-important.html\">insistir que o software que usamos seja livre</a>."
-
-#. type: Content of: <h3>
+#. type: Content of: <div><h3>
msgid "The first software-sharing community"
msgstr "A primeira comunidade de compartilhamento de software"
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"When I started working at the <abbr title=\"Massachusetts Institute of "
"Technology\">MIT</abbr> Artificial Intelligence Lab in 1971, I became part "
@@ -83,15 +62,24 @@
"quanto os computadores, assim como a partilha de receitas é tão antiga "
"quanto a culinária. Mas nós a fazÃamos mais do que a maioria."
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "The AI Lab used a timesharing operating system called <abbr title="
+#| "\"Incompatible Timesharing System\">ITS</abbr> (the Incompatible "
+#| "Timesharing System) that the lab's staff hackers (1) had designed and "
+#| "written in assembler language for the Digital <abbr title=\"Programmed "
+#| "Data Processor\">PDP</abbr>-10, one of the large computers of the era. "
+#| "As a member of this community, an AI Lab staff system hacker, my job was "
+#| "to improve this system."
msgid ""
"The AI Lab used a timesharing operating system called <abbr title="
"\"Incompatible Timesharing System\">ITS</abbr> (the Incompatible Timesharing "
-"System) that the lab's staff hackers (1) had designed and written in "
-"assembler language for the Digital <abbr title=\"Programmed Data Processor"
-"\">PDP</abbr>-10, one of the large computers of the era. As a member of "
-"this community, an AI Lab staff system hacker, my job was to improve this "
-"system."
+"System) that the lab's staff hackers <a href=\"#ft1\">[1]</a> had "
+"designed and written in assembler language for the Digital <abbr title="
+"\"Programmed Data Processor\">PDP</abbr>-10, one of the large computers of "
+"the era. As a member of this community, an AI Lab staff system hacker, my "
+"job was to improve this system."
msgstr ""
"O laboratório de IA usava um sistema operacional de tempo compartilhado "
"chamado <abbr title=\"Incompatible Timesharing System\">ITS</abbr> (Sistema "
@@ -102,9 +90,17 @@
"sistemas da equipe do laboratório de IA, meu trabalho era melhorar este "
"sistema."
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "We did not call our software “free software”, because that "
+#| "term did not yet exist; but that is what it was. Whenever people from "
+#| "another university or a company wanted to port and use a program, we "
+#| "gladly let them. If you saw someone using an unfamiliar and interesting "
+#| "program, you could always ask to see the source code, so that you could "
+#| "read it, change it, or cannibalize parts of it to make a new program."
msgid ""
-"We did not call our software “free software”, because that term "
+"We did not call our software “free software,” because that term "
"did not yet exist; but that is what it was. Whenever people from another "
"university or a company wanted to port and use a program, we gladly let "
"them. If you saw someone using an unfamiliar and interesting program, you "
@@ -118,27 +114,19 @@
"interessante, poderia sempre pedir para ver o código-fonte, para que pudesse
"
"lê-lo, alterá-lo ou canibalizá-lo para fazer um novo programa."
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><div><p>
msgid ""
-"(1) The use of “hacker” to mean “security breaker” "
-"is a confusion on the part of the mass media. We hackers refuse to "
-"recognize that meaning, and continue using the word to mean someone who "
-"loves to program, someone who enjoys playful cleverness, or the combination "
-"of the two. See my article, <a href=\"http://stallman.org/articles/on-";
-"hacking.html\">On Hacking</a>."
+"Why it is even more important than ever <a href=\"/philosophy/free-software-"
+"even-more-important.html\">to insist that the software we use be free</a>."
msgstr ""
-"(1) O uso do termo âhackerâ significando âviolador de segurançaâ é
uma "
-"confusão causada pelos meios de comunicação de massa. Nós hackers nos "
-"recusamos a reconhecer este significado, e continuamos usando a palavra com "
-"o significado de alguém que ama programar, alguém que aprecia brincadeiras "
-"inteligentes, ou a combinação dos dois. Veja meu artigo, <a href=\"http://";
-"stallman.org/articles/on-hacking.html\">On Hacking</a> (em inglês)."
+"Por que é mais importante do que nunca <a href=\"/philosophy/free-software-"
+"even-more-important.html\">insistir que o software que usamos seja livre</a>."
-#. type: Content of: <h3>
+#. type: Content of: <div><h3>
msgid "The collapse of the community"
msgstr "O colapso da comunidade"
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"The situation changed drastically in the early 1980s when Digital "
"discontinued the PDP-10 series. Its architecture, elegant and powerful in "
@@ -152,15 +140,24 @@
"maiores que estavam se tornando viáveis na década de 80. Isto significa que
"
"praticamente todos os programas que compunham o ITS ficaram obsoletos."
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "The AI Lab hacker community had already collapsed, not long before. In "
+#| "1981, the spin-off company Symbolics had hired away nearly all of the "
+#| "hackers from the AI Lab, and the depopulated community was unable to "
+#| "maintain itself. (The book Hackers, by Steve Levy, describes these "
+#| "events, as well as giving a clear picture of this community in its "
+#| "prime.) When the AI Lab bought a new PDP-10 in 1982, its administrators "
+#| "decided to use Digital's nonfree timesharing system instead of ITS."
msgid ""
"The AI Lab hacker community had already collapsed, not long before. In "
"1981, the spin-off company Symbolics had hired away nearly all of the "
"hackers from the AI Lab, and the depopulated community was unable to "
-"maintain itself. (The book Hackers, by Steve Levy, describes these events, "
-"as well as giving a clear picture of this community in its prime.) When the "
-"AI Lab bought a new PDP-10 in 1982, its administrators decided to use "
-"Digital's nonfree timesharing system instead of ITS."
+"maintain itself. (The book <cite>Hackers</cite>, by Steve Levy, describes "
+"these events, as well as giving a clear picture of this community in its "
+"prime.) When the AI Lab bought a new PDP-10 in 1982, its administrators "
+"decided to use Digital's nonfree timesharing system instead of ITS."
msgstr ""
"A comunidade hacker do laboratório de IA já havia entrado em colapso, não "
"muito antes. Em 1981, a empresa derivada Symbolics havia contratado quase "
@@ -171,7 +168,7 @@
"decidiram usar o sistema de tempo compartilhado não livre da Digital em vez "
"do ITS."
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"The modern computers of the era, such as the VAX or the 68020, had their own "
"operating systems, but none of them were free software: you had to sign a "
@@ -182,7 +179,7 @@
"tinha de assinar um acordo de confidencialidade até mesmo para obter uma "
"cópia executável."
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"This meant that the first step in using a computer was to promise not to "
"help your neighbor. A cooperating community was forbidden. The rule made "
@@ -196,7 +193,7 @@
"próximo, você é um pirata. Se você quer alterações, suplique-nos para
fazê-"
"lasâ."
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"The idea that the proprietary software social system—the system that "
"says you are not allowed to share or change software—is antisocial, "
@@ -218,11 +215,19 @@
"privativo. Os publicantes de software têm trabalhado muito duro para "
"convencer as pessoas de que há apenas uma maneira de olhar para o problema."
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "When software publishers talk about “enforcing” their “"
+#| "rights” or “stopping <a href=\"/philosophy/words-to-avoid."
+#| "html#Piracy\">piracy</a>”, what they actually <em>say</em> is "
+#| "secondary. The real message of these statements is in the unstated "
+#| "assumptions they take for granted, which the public is asked to accept "
+#| "without examination. Let's therefore examine them."
msgid ""
"When software publishers talk about “enforcing” their “"
"rights” or “stopping <a href=\"/philosophy/words-to-avoid."
-"html#Piracy\">piracy</a>”, what they actually <em>say</em> is "
+"html#Piracy\">piracy</a>,” what they actually <em>say</em> is "
"secondary. The real message of these statements is in the unstated "
"assumptions they take for granted, which the public is asked to accept "
"without examination. Let's therefore examine them."
@@ -234,7 +239,7 @@
"por certo, e que o público é induzido a aceitar sem questionar. Vamos, "
"portanto, examiná-los."
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"One assumption is that software companies have an unquestionable natural "
"right to own software and thus have power over all its users. (If this were "
@@ -252,7 +257,7 @@
"artificial imposto pelo governo que limita o direito natural dos usuários de
"
"copiar."
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"Another unstated assumption is that the only important thing about software "
"is what jobs it allows you to do—that we computer users should not "
@@ -263,7 +268,7 @@
"computador, não deverÃamos nos importar com que tipo de sociedade estamos "
"autorizados a ter."
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"A third assumption is that we would have no usable software (or would never "
"have a program to do this or that particular job) if we did not offer a "
@@ -278,7 +283,7 @@
"software livre demonstrar que podemos fazer software útil em abundância sem
"
"ter de acorrentá-los."
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"If we decline to accept these assumptions, and judge these issues based on "
"ordinary commonsense morality while placing the users first, we arrive at "
@@ -293,13 +298,20 @@
"a atender às suas necessidades e devem ser livres para compartilhar o "
"software, porque ajudar outras pessoas é a base da sociedade."
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "There is no room here for an extensive statement of the reasoning behind "
+#| "this conclusion, so I refer the reader to the web pages <a href=\"/"
+#| "philosophy/why-free.html\"> http://www.gnu.org/philosophy/why-free.html</"
+#| "a> and <a href=\"/philosophy/free-software-even-more-important.html\"> "
+#| "http://www.gnu.org/philosophy/free-software-even-more-important.html</a>."
msgid ""
"There is no room here for an extensive statement of the reasoning behind "
-"this conclusion, so I refer the reader to the web pages <a href=\"/"
-"philosophy/why-free.html\"> http://www.gnu.org/philosophy/why-free.html</a> "
-"and <a href=\"/philosophy/free-software-even-more-important.html\"> http://";
-"www.gnu.org/philosophy/free-software-even-more-important.html</a>."
+"this conclusion, so I refer the reader to “<a href=\"/philosophy/why-"
+"free.html\">Why Software Should Not Have Owners</a>,” and “<a "
+"href=\"/philosophy/free-software-even-more-important.html\">Free Software Is "
+"Even More Important Now</a>.”"
msgstr ""
"Não há espaço aqui para uma extensa declaração do raciocÃnio que por
trás "
"dessa conclusão, portanto, remeto o leitor às páginas da web <a href=\"/"
@@ -307,11 +319,11 @@
"<a href=\"/philosophy/free-software-even-more-important.html\">http://www.";
"gnu.org/philosophy/free-software-even-more-important.html</a>."
-#. type: Content of: <h3>
+#. type: Content of: <div><h3>
msgid "A stark moral choice"
msgstr "Uma escolha moral difÃcil"
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"With my community gone, to continue as before was impossible. Instead, I "
"faced a stark moral choice."
@@ -319,7 +331,7 @@
"Com a minha comunidade desfeita, continuar como antes era impossÃvel. Em vez
"
"disso, eu enfrentei uma escolha moral difÃcil."
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"The easy choice was to join the proprietary software world, signing "
"nondisclosure agreements and promising not to help my fellow hacker. Most "
@@ -333,7 +345,7 @@
"liberado sob acordos de confidencialidade, assim aumentando a pressão sobre "
"outras pessoas para também trair seus companheiros."
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"I could have made money this way, and perhaps amused myself writing code. "
"But I knew that at the end of my career, I would look back on years of "
@@ -345,7 +357,7 @@
"veria anos dedicados à construção de paredes que dividem pessoas, e
sentiria "
"que eu tinha passado a minha vida fazendo do mundo um lugar pior."
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"I had already experienced being on the receiving end of a nondisclosure "
"agreement, when someone refused to give me and the MIT AI Lab the source "
@@ -364,7 +376,7 @@
"conosco; eu não podia virar as costas e fazer a mesma coisa com todos os "
"outros."
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"Another choice, straightforward but unpleasant, was to leave the computer "
"field. That way my skills would not be misused, but they would still be "
@@ -376,7 +388,7 @@
"assim seriam desperdiçadas. Eu não seria culpado por dividir e restringir
os "
"usuários de computador, mas tal divisão aconteceria de qualquer forma."
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"So I looked for a way that a programmer could do something for the good. I "
"asked myself, was there a program or programs that I could write, so as to "
@@ -386,7 +398,7 @@
"Perguntei a mim mesmo: existe um programa ou conjunto de programas que eu "
"possa escrever para formar uma comunidade novamente?"
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"The answer was clear: what was needed first was an operating system. That "
"is the crucial software for starting to use a computer. With an operating "
@@ -404,7 +416,16 @@
"participar â e todos seriam capazes de usar um computador sem ter que "
"conspirar para privar seus amigos."
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "As an operating system developer, I had the right skills for this job. "
+#| "So even though I could not take success for granted, I realized that I "
+#| "was elected to do the job. I chose to make the system compatible with "
+#| "Unix so that it would be portable, and so that Unix users could easily "
+#| "switch to it. The name GNU was chosen, following a hacker tradition, as "
+#| "a recursive acronym for “GNU's Not Unix.” It is pronounced as "
+#| "<a href=\"/gnu/pronunciation.html\">one syllable with a hard g</a>."
msgid ""
"As an operating system developer, I had the right skills for this job. So "
"even though I could not take success for granted, I realized that I was "
@@ -412,7 +433,7 @@
"that it would be portable, and so that Unix users could easily switch to "
"it. The name GNU was chosen, following a hacker tradition, as a recursive "
"acronym for “GNU's Not Unix.” It is pronounced as <a href=\"/gnu/"
-"pronunciation.html\">one syllable with a hard g</a>."
+"pronunciation.html\">one syllable with a hard <i>g</i></a>."
msgstr ""
"Como um desenvolvedor de sistema operacionais, eu tinha as habilidades "
"certas para este trabalho. Assim, ainda que eu não pudesse tomar o sucesso "
@@ -423,7 +444,7 @@
"âGNU Não é Unixâ (do inglês âGNUâs Not Unixâ). à pronunciado
como <a href=\"/"
"gnu/pronunciation.html\">uma sÃlaba com g forte</a>."
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"An operating system does not mean just a kernel, barely enough to run other "
"programs. In the 1970s, every operating system worthy of the name included "
@@ -439,40 +460,36 @@
"VMS os tinham, e Unix os tinham. O sistema operacional GNU iria incluÃ-los "
"também."
-#. type: Content of: <p>
-msgid "Later I heard these words, attributed to Hillel (1):"
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid "Later I heard these words, attributed to Hillel (1):"
+msgid ""
+"Later I heard these words, attributed to Hillel <a href=\"#ft2\">[2]</"
+"a>:"
msgstr "Mais tarde, ouvi estas palavras, atribuÃdas a Hillel (1):"
-#. type: Content of: <blockquote><p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><blockquote><p>
msgid "If I am not for myself, who will be for me?"
msgstr "Se eu não for por mim, quem será por mim?"
-#. type: Content of: <blockquote><p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><blockquote><p>
msgid "If I am only for myself, what am I?"
msgstr "Se eu for só por mim, o que eu sou?"
-#. type: Content of: <blockquote><p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><blockquote><p>
msgid "If not now, when?"
msgstr "Se não for agora, quando?"
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid "The decision to start the GNU Project was based on a similar spirit."
msgstr ""
"A decisão de iniciar o projeto GNU foi baseada em um espÃrito semelhante."
-#. type: Content of: <p>
-msgid ""
-"(1) As an Atheist, I don't follow any religious leaders, but I sometimes "
-"find I admire something one of them has said."
-msgstr ""
-"(1) Como um ateu eu não sigo lÃderes religiosos, mas à s vezes eu percebo
que "
-"admiro algo que algum deles disse."
-
-#. type: Content of: <h3>
+#. type: Content of: <div><h3>
msgid "Free as in freedom"
msgstr "Livre como em liberdade"
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"The term “free software” is sometimes misunderstood—it has "
"nothing to do with price. It is about freedom. Here, therefore, is the "
@@ -482,17 +499,17 @@
"com preço. à sobre liberdade. Aqui, portanto, está a definição de
software "
"livre."
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid "A program is free software, for you, a particular user, if:"
msgstr "Um programa é software livre, para você, um usuário em particular,
se:"
-#. type: Content of: <ul><li>
+#. type: Content of: <div><ul><li>
msgid "You have the freedom to run the program as you wish, for any purpose."
msgstr ""
"Você tem a liberdade para executar o programa como quiser, para qualquer "
"finalidade."
-#. type: Content of: <ul><li>
+#. type: Content of: <div><ul><li>
msgid ""
"You have the freedom to modify the program to suit your needs. (To make "
"this freedom effective in practice, you must have access to the source code, "
@@ -504,14 +521,14 @@
"acesso ao código-fonte, uma vez que fazer mudanças em um programa sem ter o
"
"código fonte é extremamente difÃcil)."
-#. type: Content of: <ul><li>
+#. type: Content of: <div><ul><li>
msgid ""
"You have the freedom to redistribute copies, either gratis or for a fee."
msgstr ""
"Você tem a liberdade de redistribuir cópias, seja gratuitamente ou por uma "
"taxa."
-#. type: Content of: <ul><li>
+#. type: Content of: <div><ul><li>
msgid ""
"You have the freedom to distribute modified versions of the program, so that "
"the community can benefit from your improvements."
@@ -519,7 +536,7 @@
"Você tem a liberdade de distribuir versões modificadas do programa, de modo
"
"que a comunidade possa se beneficiar de suas melhorias."
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"Since “free” refers to freedom, not to price, there is no "
"contradiction between selling copies and free software. In fact, the "
@@ -536,14 +553,24 @@
"programa que as pessoas não são livres para incluir nessas coleções não
é "
"software livre."
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "Because of the ambiguity of “free”, people have long looked "
+#| "for alternatives, but no one has found a better term. The English "
+#| "language has more words and nuances than any other, but it lacks a "
+#| "simple, unambiguous, word that means “free”, as in "
+#| "freedom—“unfettered” being the word that comes closest "
+#| "in meaning. Such alternatives as “liberated”, “"
+#| "freedom”, and “open” have either the wrong meaning or "
+#| "some other disadvantage."
msgid ""
-"Because of the ambiguity of “free”, people have long looked for "
+"Because of the ambiguity of “free,” people have long looked for "
"alternatives, but no one has found a better term. The English language has "
"more words and nuances than any other, but it lacks a simple, unambiguous, "
-"word that means “free”, as in freedom—“"
+"word that means “free,” as in freedom—“"
"unfettered” being the word that comes closest in meaning. Such "
-"alternatives as “liberated”, “freedom”, and “"
+"alternatives as “liberated,” “freedom,” and “"
"open” have either the wrong meaning or some other disadvantage."
msgstr ""
"Por causa da ambiguidade do termo âfreeâ<sup><a
href=\"#TransNote1\">1</a></"
@@ -556,11 +583,11 @@
"âliberatedâ (liberado), âfreedomâ (liberdade) e âopenâ (aberto)
tem ou o "
"significado errado ou alguma outra desvantagem."
-#. type: Content of: <h3>
+#. type: Content of: <div><h3>
msgid "GNU software and the GNU system"
msgstr "Software GNU e o sistema GNU"
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"Developing a whole system is a very large project. To bring it into reach, "
"I decided to adapt and use existing pieces of free software wherever that "
@@ -574,7 +601,7 @@
"o principal formatador de textos; alguns anos mais tarde, eu decidi usar o X "
"Window System, em vez de escrever outro sistema de janelas para o GNU."
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"Because of these decisions, and others like them, the GNU system is not the "
"same as the collection of all GNU software. The GNU system includes "
@@ -588,11 +615,11 @@
"projetos para seus próprios propósitos, mas que podemos usar, porque eles "
"são software livre."
-#. type: Content of: <h3>
+#. type: Content of: <div><h3>
msgid "Commencing the project"
msgstr "Começando o projeto"
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"In January 1984 I quit my job at MIT and began writing GNU software. "
"Leaving MIT was necessary so that MIT would not be able to interfere with "
@@ -613,7 +640,7 @@
"tornar-se inútil para a sua finalidade: a criação de uma nova comunidade
de "
"compartilhamento de software."
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"However, Professor Winston, then the head of the MIT AI Lab, kindly invited "
"me to keep using the lab's facilities."
@@ -621,15 +648,23 @@
"No entanto, o professor Winston, então chefe do laboratório de IA do MIT, "
"gentilmente me convidou para continuar usando as instalações do
laboratório."
-#. type: Content of: <h3>
+#. type: Content of: <div><h3>
msgid "The first steps"
msgstr "Os primeiros passos"
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "Shortly before beginning the GNU Project, I heard about the Free "
+#| "University Compiler Kit, also known as VUCK. (The Dutch word for “"
+#| "free” is written with a <em>v</em>.) This was a compiler designed "
+#| "to handle multiple languages, including C and Pascal, and to support "
+#| "multiple target machines. I wrote to its author asking if GNU could use "
+#| "it."
msgid ""
"Shortly before beginning the GNU Project, I heard about the Free University "
"Compiler Kit, also known as VUCK. (The Dutch word for “free” is "
-"written with a <em>v</em>.) This was a compiler designed to handle multiple "
+"written with a <i>v</i>.) This was a compiler designed to handle multiple "
"languages, including C and Pascal, and to support multiple target machines. "
"I wrote to its author asking if GNU could use it."
msgstr ""
@@ -640,7 +675,7 @@
"incluindo C e Pascal, e para suportar múltiplas máquinas de destino. Eu "
"escrevi ao seu autor perguntando se o GNU poderia usá-lo."
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"He responded derisively, stating that the university was free but the "
"compiler was not. I therefore decided that my first program for the GNU "
@@ -650,7 +685,7 @@
"compilador não. Por isso, decidi que meu primeiro programa para o Projeto "
"GNU seria um compilador de múltiplas linguagens e plataformas."
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"Hoping to avoid the need to write the whole compiler myself, I obtained the "
"source code for the Pastel compiler, which was a multiplatform compiler "
@@ -670,11 +705,22 @@
"desistir quando eu descobri que o compilador precisava de muitos megabytes "
"de espaço de pilha, e o sistema Unix 68000 disponÃvel apenas permitia 64k."
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "I then realized that the Pastel compiler functioned by parsing the entire "
+#| "input file into a syntax tree, converting the whole syntax tree into a "
+#| "chain of “instructions”, and then generating the whole output "
+#| "file, without ever freeing any storage. At this point, I concluded I "
+#| "would have to write a new compiler from scratch. That new compiler is "
+#| "now known as <abbr title=\"GNU Compiler Collection\">GCC</abbr>; none of "
+#| "the Pastel compiler is used in it, but I managed to adapt and use the C "
+#| "front end that I had written. But that was some years later; first, I "
+#| "worked on GNU Emacs."
msgid ""
"I then realized that the Pastel compiler functioned by parsing the entire "
"input file into a syntax tree, converting the whole syntax tree into a chain "
-"of “instructions”, and then generating the whole output file, "
+"of “instructions,” and then generating the whole output file, "
"without ever freeing any storage. At this point, I concluded I would have "
"to write a new compiler from scratch. That new compiler is now known as "
"<abbr title=\"GNU Compiler Collection\">GCC</abbr>; none of the Pastel "
@@ -691,11 +737,11 @@
"eu consegui adaptar e usar o front-end C que eu havia escrito. Mas isso foi "
"alguns anos mais tarde; primeiro, eu trabalhei no GNU Emacs."
-#. type: Content of: <h3>
+#. type: Content of: <div><h3>
msgid "GNU Emacs"
msgstr "GNU Emacs"
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"I began work on GNU Emacs in September 1984, and in early 1985 it was "
"beginning to be usable. This enabled me to begin using Unix systems to do "
@@ -708,7 +754,7 @@
"vi ou o ed, eu havia feito a minha edição em outros tipos de máquinas até
"
"então."
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"At this point, people began wanting to use GNU Emacs, which raised the "
"question of how to distribute it. Of course, I put it on the anonymous ftp "
@@ -728,7 +774,7 @@
"estavam na Internet e não poderiam obter uma cópia por ftp. Portanto, a "
"pergunta era: o que eu diria a elas?"
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"I could have said, “Find a friend who is on the net and who will make "
"a copy for you.” Or I could have done what I did with the original "
@@ -751,11 +797,11 @@
"livre, o precursor das empresas que hoje distribuem sistemas GNU/Linux "
"completos."
-#. type: Content of: <h3>
+#. type: Content of: <div><h3>
msgid "Is a program free for every user?"
msgstr "Um programa é livre para qualquer usuário?"
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"If a program is free software when it leaves the hands of its author, this "
"does not necessarily mean it will be free software for everyone who has a "
@@ -776,7 +822,7 @@
"sob licenças permissivas simples que permitem versões modificadas e "
"privativas."
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"The paradigmatic example of this problem is the X Window System. Developed "
"at MIT, and released as free software with a permissive license, it was soon "
@@ -791,11 +837,18 @@
"contrato de confidencialidade. Estas cópias do X não eram mais software "
"livre do que o Unix era."
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "The developers of the X Window System did not consider this a "
+#| "problem—they expected and intended this to happen. Their goal was "
+#| "not freedom, just “success”, defined as “having many "
+#| "users.” They did not care whether these users had freedom, only "
+#| "that they should be numerous."
msgid ""
"The developers of the X Window System did not consider this a problem—"
"they expected and intended this to happen. Their goal was not freedom, just "
-"“success”, defined as “having many users.” They did "
+"“success,” defined as “having many users.” They did "
"not care whether these users had freedom, only that they should be numerous."
msgstr ""
"Os desenvolvedores do X Window System não consideraram isso um problema â "
@@ -804,7 +857,7 @@
"se importavam se esses usuários teriam liberdade, só que eles deveriam ser "
"numerosos."
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"This led to a paradoxical situation where two different ways of counting the "
"amount of freedom gave different answers to the question, “Is this "
@@ -823,23 +876,29 @@
"estavam executando as versões privativas que vieram com sistemas Unix, e
não "
"a versão livre."
-#. type: Content of: <h3>
+#. type: Content of: <div><h3>
msgid "Copyleft and the GNU GPL"
msgstr "O Copyleft e a GNU GPL"
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "The goal of GNU was to give users freedom, not just to be popular. So we "
+#| "needed to use distribution terms that would prevent GNU software from "
+#| "being turned into proprietary software. The method we use is called "
+#| "“copyleft”.(1)"
msgid ""
"The goal of GNU was to give users freedom, not just to be popular. So we "
"needed to use distribution terms that would prevent GNU software from being "
"turned into proprietary software. The method we use is called “"
-"copyleft”.(1)"
+"copyleft” <a href=\"#ft3\">[3]</a>."
msgstr ""
"O objetivo do GNU era dar aos usuários liberdade, não apenas ser popular. "
"Portanto, nós precisávamos usar termos de distribuição que impediriam o "
"software GNU de ser transformado em software privativo. O método que usamos "
"é chamado de âcopyleftâ.(1)"
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"Copyleft uses copyright law, but flips it over to serve the opposite of its "
"usual purpose: instead of a means for restricting a program, it becomes a "
@@ -849,7 +908,7 @@
"do seu objetivo usual: em vez de um meio para restringir o programa, ela se "
"torna um meio para manter o programa livre."
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"The central idea of copyleft is that we give everyone permission to run the "
"program, copy the program, modify the program, and distribute modified "
@@ -864,7 +923,7 @@
"são garantidas a todos aqueles que tem uma cópia; elas se tornam direitos "
"inalienáveis."
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"For an effective copyleft, modified versions must also be free. This "
"ensures that work based on ours becomes available to our community if it is "
@@ -881,7 +940,7 @@
"alterações, porque vamos usá-las para fazer a nossa versão privativa do "
"programaâ."
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"The requirement that changes must be free is essential if we want to ensure "
"freedom for every user of the program. The companies that privatized the X "
@@ -898,7 +957,7 @@
"mudanças fosse uma desculpa para negar liberdade aos usuários, seria fácil
"
"para qualquer um tirar proveito dessa desculpa."
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"A related issue concerns combining a free program with nonfree code. Such a "
"combination would inevitably be nonfree; whichever freedoms are lacking for "
@@ -917,13 +976,21 @@
"copyleft deve ser tal que a versão combinada total seja também livre e "
"esteja sob copyleft."
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "The specific implementation of copyleft that we use for most GNU software "
+#| "is the GNU General Public License, or GNU GPL for short. We have other "
+#| "kinds of copyleft that are used in specific circumstances. GNU manuals "
+#| "are copylefted also, but use a much simpler kind of copyleft, because the "
+#| "complexity of the GNU GPL is not necessary for manuals.(2)"
msgid ""
"The specific implementation of copyleft that we use for most GNU software is "
"the GNU General Public License, or GNU GPL for short. We have other kinds "
"of copyleft that are used in specific circumstances. GNU manuals are "
"copylefted also, but use a much simpler kind of copyleft, because the "
-"complexity of the GNU GPL is not necessary for manuals.(2)"
+"complexity of the GNU GPL is not necessary for manuals. <a href="
+"\"#ft4\">[4]</a>"
msgstr ""
"A implementação especÃfica de copyleft que usamos para a maioria do
software "
"GNU é a Licença Pública Geral GNU (GNU General Public License), ou GNU GPL
"
@@ -932,37 +999,25 @@
"uma espécie de copyleft muito mais simples, porque a complexidade da GNU GPL
"
"não é necessária para manuais.(2)"
-#. type: Content of: <p>
-msgid ""
-"(1) In 1984 or 1985, Don Hopkins (a very imaginative fellow) mailed me a "
-"letter. On the envelope he had written several amusing sayings, including "
-"this one: “Copyleft—all rights reversed.” I used the word "
-"“copyleft” to name the distribution concept I was developing at "
-"the time."
-msgstr ""
-"(1) Em 1984 ou 1985, Don Hopkins (um companheiro muito imaginativo) enviou-"
-"me uma carta. No envelope ele havia escrito vários dizeres divertidos, "
-"incluindo este: âCopyleft â todos os direitos revertidosâ. Eu usei a
palavra "
-"âcopyleftâ para nomear o conceito de distribuição que eu estava "
-"desenvolvendo no momento."
-
-#. type: Content of: <p>
-msgid ""
-"(2) We now use the <a href=\"/licenses/fdl.html\">GNU Free Documentation "
-"License</a> for documentation."
-msgstr ""
-"(2) Agora usamos a <a href=\"/licenses/fdl.html\">Licença de Documentação "
-"Livre GNU</a> (GNU Free Documentation License) para documentação."
-
-#. type: Content of: <h3>
+#. type: Content of: <div><h3>
msgid "The Free Software Foundation"
msgstr "A Free Software Foundation"
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "As interest in using Emacs was growing, other people became involved in "
+#| "the GNU project, and we decided that it was time to seek funding once "
+#| "again. So in 1985 we created the <a href=\"http://www.fsf.org/\";>Free "
+#| "Software Foundation</a> (FSF), a tax-exempt charity for free software "
+#| "development. The <abbr title=\"Free Software Foundation\">FSF</abbr> "
+#| "also took over the Emacs tape distribution business; later it extended "
+#| "this by adding other free software (both GNU and non-GNU) to the tape, "
+#| "and by selling free manuals as well."
msgid ""
"As interest in using Emacs was growing, other people became involved in the "
"GNU project, and we decided that it was time to seek funding once again. So "
-"in 1985 we created the <a href=\"http://www.fsf.org/\";>Free Software "
+"in 1985 we created the <a href=\"https://www.fsf.org/\";>Free Software "
"Foundation</a> (FSF), a tax-exempt charity for free software development. "
"The <abbr title=\"Free Software Foundation\">FSF</abbr> also took over the "
"Emacs tape distribution business; later it extended this by adding other "
@@ -979,16 +1034,27 @@
"softwares livres (tanto GNU quanto não GNU) à fita, e com a venda de
manuais "
"livres também."
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "Most of the FSF's income used to come from sales of copies of free "
+#| "software and of other related services (CD-ROMs of source code, CD-ROMs "
+#| "with binaries, nicely printed manuals, all with the freedom to "
+#| "redistribute and modify), and Deluxe Distributions (distributions for "
+#| "which we built the whole collection of software for the customer's choice "
+#| "of platform). Today the FSF still <a href=\"http://shop.fsf.org/\";> "
+#| "sells manuals and other gear</a>, but it gets the bulk of its funding "
+#| "from members' dues. You can join the FSF at <a href=\"http://fsf.org/join";
+#| "\">fsf.org</a>."
msgid ""
"Most of the FSF's income used to come from sales of copies of free software "
"and of other related services (CD-ROMs of source code, CD-ROMs with "
"binaries, nicely printed manuals, all with the freedom to redistribute and "
"modify), and Deluxe Distributions (distributions for which we built the "
"whole collection of software for the customer's choice of platform). Today "
-"the FSF still <a href=\"http://shop.fsf.org/\";> sells manuals and other "
+"the FSF still <a href=\"https://shop.fsf.org/\";> sells manuals and other "
"gear</a>, but it gets the bulk of its funding from members' dues. You can "
-"join the FSF at <a href=\"http://fsf.org/join\";>fsf.org</a>."
+"join the FSF at <a href=\"https://my.fsf.org/join\";>fsf.org</a>."
msgstr ""
"A maior parte da renda da FSF costumava vir da venda de cópias de software "
"livre e de outros serviços relacionados (CD-ROMs com código-fonte, CD-ROMs "
@@ -1000,7 +1066,16 @@
"de seus membros. Você pode participar da FSF em <a
href=\"http://fsf.org/join";
"\">fsf.org</a>."
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "Free Software Foundation employees have written and maintained a number "
+#| "of GNU software packages. Two notable ones are the C library and the "
+#| "shell. The GNU C library is what every program running on a GNU/Linux "
+#| "system uses to communicate with Linux. It was developed by a member of "
+#| "the Free Software Foundation staff, Roland McGrath. The shell used on "
+#| "most GNU/Linux systems is <abbr title=\"Bourne Again Shell\">BASH</abbr>, "
+#| "the Bourne Again Shell(1), which was developed by FSF employee Brian Fox."
msgid ""
"Free Software Foundation employees have written and maintained a number of "
"GNU software packages. Two notable ones are the C library and the shell. "
@@ -1008,7 +1083,8 @@
"to communicate with Linux. It was developed by a member of the Free "
"Software Foundation staff, Roland McGrath. The shell used on most GNU/Linux "
"systems is <abbr title=\"Bourne Again Shell\">BASH</abbr>, the Bourne Again "
-"Shell(1), which was developed by FSF employee Brian Fox."
+"SHell <a href=\"#ft5\">[5]</a>, which was developed by FSF employee "
+"Brian Fox."
msgstr ""
"Empregados da Free Software Foundation têm escrito e mantido vários pacotes
"
"de software GNU. Os dois mais notáveis ââsão a biblioteca C e o
interpretador "
@@ -1019,7 +1095,7 @@
"title=\"Bourne Again Shell\">BASH</abbr>, o Bourne Again Shell(1), que foi "
"desenvolvido pelo empregado da FSF, Brian Fox."
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"We funded development of these programs because the GNU Project was not just "
"about tools or a development environment. Our goal was a complete operating "
@@ -1030,20 +1106,11 @@
"objetivo era um sistema operacional completo, e esses programas eram "
"necessários para atingir este objetivo."
-#. type: Content of: <p>
-msgid ""
-"(1) “Bourne Again Shell” is a play on the name “Bourne "
-"Shell”, which was the usual shell on Unix."
-msgstr ""
-"(1) âBourne Again Shellâ (Interpretador de Comandos âRenascidoâ) é
um "
-"trocadilho com o nome âBourne Shellâ (Interpretador de Comandos Bourne),
que "
-"era o interpretador de comandos costumário do Unix."
-
-#. type: Content of: <h3>
+#. type: Content of: <div><h3>
msgid "Free software support"
msgstr "Suporte ao software livre"
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"The free software philosophy rejects a specific widespread business "
"practice, but it is not against business. When businesses respect the "
@@ -1053,7 +1120,7 @@
"difundida de negócios, mas não é contra os negócios. Quando as empresas "
"respeitam a liberdade dos usuários, desejamos-lhes sucesso."
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"Selling copies of Emacs demonstrates one kind of free software business. "
"When the FSF took over that business, I needed another way to make a "
@@ -1069,7 +1136,7 @@
"programar o GNU Emacs e como personalizar o GCC, e desenvolvimento de "
"software, principalmente portando o GCC para novas plataformas."
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"Today each of these kinds of free software business is practiced by a number "
"of corporations. Some distribute free software collections on CD-ROM; "
@@ -1084,14 +1151,24 @@
"até mesmo começando a ver companhias de software livre baseadas no "
"lançamento de novos produtos de software livre."
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "Watch out, though—a number of companies that associate themselves "
+#| "with the term “open source” actually base their business on "
+#| "nonfree software that works with free software. These are not free "
+#| "software companies, they are proprietary software companies whose "
+#| "products tempt users away from freedom. They call these programs “"
+#| "value-added packages”, which shows the values they would like us to "
+#| "adopt: convenience above freedom. If we value freedom more, we should "
+#| "call them “freedom-subtracted” packages."
msgid ""
"Watch out, though—a number of companies that associate themselves with "
"the term “open source” actually base their business on nonfree "
"software that works with free software. These are not free software "
"companies, they are proprietary software companies whose products tempt "
"users away from freedom. They call these programs “value-added "
-"packages”, which shows the values they would like us to adopt: "
+"packages,” which shows the values they would like us to adopt: "
"convenience above freedom. If we value freedom more, we should call them "
"“freedom-subtracted” packages."
msgstr ""
@@ -1104,11 +1181,11 @@
"liberdade. Se valorizamos mais a liberdade, devemos chamá-los âpacotes de "
"liberdade desagregadaâ."
-#. type: Content of: <h3>
+#. type: Content of: <div><h3>
msgid "Technical goals"
msgstr "Objetivos técnicos"
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"The principal goal of GNU is to be free software. Even if GNU had no "
"technical advantage over Unix, it would have a social advantage, allowing "
@@ -1119,7 +1196,7 @@
"que os usuários cooperem, e uma vantagem ética, respeitando a liberdade dos
"
"usuários."
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"But it was natural to apply the known standards of good practice to the "
"work—for example, dynamically allocating data structures to avoid "
@@ -1131,7 +1208,7 @@
"limites de tamanho fixos arbitrários, e lidar com todos os possÃveis
códigos "
"de 8 bits onde quer que fizesse sentido."
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"In addition, we rejected the Unix focus on small memory size, by deciding "
"not to support 16-bit machines (it was clear that 32-bit machines would be "
@@ -1150,7 +1227,7 @@
"memória, e então verificar o seu conteúdo sem ter que se preocupar com E/S
"
"(do inglês âInput/Outputâ, isto é, Entrada/SaÃda)."
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"These decisions enabled many GNU programs to surpass their Unix counterparts "
"in reliability and speed."
@@ -1158,11 +1235,11 @@
"Estas decisões permitiram que muitos programas GNU superassem os seus "
"equivalentes Unix em confiabilidade e velocidade."
-#. type: Content of: <h3>
+#. type: Content of: <div><h3>
msgid "Donated computers"
msgstr "Computadores doados"
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"As the GNU Project's reputation grew, people began offering to donate "
"machines running Unix to the project. These were very useful, because the "
@@ -1177,7 +1254,7 @@
"um a um. Mas eles levantaram uma questão ética: se para nós era correto
ter "
"uma cópia do Unix."
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"Unix was (and is) proprietary software, and the GNU Project's philosophy "
"said that we should not use proprietary software. But, applying the same "
@@ -1193,7 +1270,7 @@
"fosse crucial para o desenvolvimento de um substituto livre que ajudaria os "
"outros a parar de usar o pacote privativo."
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"But, even if this was a justifiable evil, it was still an evil. Today we no "
"longer have any copies of Unix, because we have replaced them with free "
@@ -1205,11 +1282,11 @@
"operacionais livres. Se não pudéssemos substituir o sistema operacional de "
"uma máquina com um livre, substituÃamos a máquina em vez disso."
-#. type: Content of: <h3>
+#. type: Content of: <div><h3>
msgid "The GNU Task List"
msgstr "A lista de tarefas GNU"
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"As the GNU Project proceeded, and increasing numbers of system components "
"were found or developed, eventually it became useful to make a list of the "
@@ -1228,13 +1305,20 @@
"documentação que nós achávamos necessários a um sistema verdadeiramente "
"completo."
-#. type: Content of: <p>
-msgid ""
-"Today (1), hardly any Unix components are left in the GNU Task List—"
-"those jobs had been done, aside from a few inessential ones. But the list "
-"is full of projects that some might call “applications”. Any "
-"program that appeals to more than a narrow class of users would be a useful "
-"thing to add to an operating system."
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "Today (1), hardly any Unix components are left in the GNU Task List—"
+#| "those jobs had been done, aside from a few inessential ones. But the "
+#| "list is full of projects that some might call “"
+#| "applications”. Any program that appeals to more than a narrow "
+#| "class of users would be a useful thing to add to an operating system."
+msgid ""
+"Today <a href=\"#ft6\">[6]</a>, hardly any Unix components are left in "
+"the GNU Task List—those jobs had been done, aside from a few "
+"inessential ones. But the list is full of projects that some might call "
+"“applications.” Any program that appeals to more than a narrow "
+"class of users would be a useful thing to add to an operating system."
msgstr ""
"Hoje (1), dificilmente um componente do Unix está na lista de tarefas GNU
â "
"esse trabalho já foi feito, com exceção de uns poucos não essenciais. Mas
a "
@@ -1242,7 +1326,7 @@
"Qualquer programa que agrada mais do que uma classe pequena de usuários é "
"uma coisa útil para se adicionar a um sistema operacional."
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"Even games are included in the task list—and have been since the "
"beginning. Unix included games, so naturally GNU should too. But "
@@ -1256,35 +1340,28 @@
"jogos que o Unix tinha. Em vez disso, listamos um espectro de diferentes "
"tipos de jogos que os usuários poderiam gostar."
-#. type: Content of: <p>
-msgid ""
-"(1) That was written in 1998. In 2009 we no longer maintain a long task "
-"list. The community develops free software so fast that we can't even keep "
-"track of it all. Instead, we have a list of High Priority Projects, a much "
-"shorter list of projects we really want to encourage people to write."
-msgstr ""
-"(1) Isso foi escrito em 1998. Em 2009 já não mantemos uma longa lista de "
-"tarefas. A comunidade desenvolve software livre tão rápido que nem sequer "
-"podemos acompanhá-los. Em vez disso, nós temos uma lista de projetos de
alta "
-"prioridade, uma lista muito mais curta de projetos nos quais queremos "
-"encorajar as pessoas a trabalhar."
-
-#. type: Content of: <h3>
+#. type: Content of: <div><h3>
msgid "The GNU Library GPL"
msgstr "A GNU GPL para Bibliotecas (GNU Library GPL)"
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "The GNU C library uses a special kind of copyleft called the GNU Library "
+#| "General Public License(1), which gives permission to link proprietary "
+#| "software with the library. Why make this exception?"
msgid ""
"The GNU C library uses a special kind of copyleft called the GNU Library "
-"General Public License(1), which gives permission to link proprietary "
-"software with the library. Why make this exception?"
+"General Public License <a href=\"#ft7\">[7]</a>, which gives "
+"permission to link proprietary software with the library. Why make this "
+"exception?"
msgstr ""
"A biblioteca C GNU usa um tipo especial de copyleft chamado Licença Pública
"
"Geral GNU para Bibliotecas(1) (GNU Library General Public License), que dá "
"permissão para ligar software privativo à biblioteca. Por que fazer essa "
"exceção?"
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"It is not a matter of principle; there is no principle that says proprietary "
"software products are entitled to include our code. (Why contribute to a "
@@ -1297,7 +1374,7 @@
"LGPL para a biblioteca C, ou para qualquer biblioteca, é uma questão de "
"estratégia."
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"The C library does a generic job; every proprietary system or compiler comes "
"with a C library. Therefore, to make our C library available only to free "
@@ -1309,7 +1386,7 @@
"disponÃvel apenas para o software livre não teria sido qualquer vantagem
â "
"isso só teria desencorajado o uso da nossa biblioteca."
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"One system is an exception to this: on the GNU system (and this includes GNU/"
"Linux), the GNU C library is the only C library. So the distribution terms "
@@ -1329,7 +1406,7 @@
"desenvolvimento de aplicações livres. à por isso que usar a GPL para "
"Bibliotecas é uma boa estratégia para a biblioteca C."
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"For other libraries, the strategic decision needs to be considered on a case-"
"by-case basis. When a library does a special job that can help write "
@@ -1343,7 +1420,7 @@
"a programas livres, é uma forma de ajudar outros desenvolvedores de software
"
"livre, dando-lhes uma vantagem sobre o software privativo."
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"Consider GNU Readline, a library that was developed to provide command-line "
"editing for BASH. Readline is released under the ordinary GNU GPL, not the "
@@ -1359,7 +1436,7 @@
"menos uma aplicação útil foi feita software livre especificamente para que
"
"ela pudesse usar a Readline, e isso é um ganho real para a comunidade."
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"Proprietary software developers have the advantages money provides; free "
"software developers need to make advantages for each other. I hope some day "
@@ -1376,24 +1453,11 @@
"construção em novos pacotes de software livre, e agregando a uma grande "
"vantagem para o desenvolvimento subsequente do software livre."
-#. type: Content of: <p>
-msgid ""
-"(1) This license is now called the GNU Lesser General Public License, to "
-"avoid giving the idea that all libraries ought to use it. See <a href=\"/"
-"philosophy/why-not-lgpl.html\">Why you shouldn't use the Lesser GPL for your "
-"next library</a> for more information."
-msgstr ""
-"(1) Esta licença é agora chamada de Licença Pública Geral GNU Reduzida
(GNU "
-"Lesser General Public License), para evitar passar a ideia de que todas as "
-"bibliotecas deveriam usá-la. Consulte <a
href=\"/philosophy/why-not-lgpl.html"
-"\">Por que você não deve usar a GPL Reduzida para a sua próxima
biblioteca</"
-"a> para mais informações."
-
-#. type: Content of: <h3>
+#. type: Content of: <div><h3>
msgid "Scratching an itch?"
msgstr "Colocar o dedo na ferida?"
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"Eric Raymond says that “Every good work of software starts by "
"scratching a developer's personal itch.” Maybe that happens sometimes, "
@@ -1407,7 +1471,7 @@
"sistema operacional livre completo. Elas vêm de uma visão e um plano, não "
"por impulso."
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"For example, we developed the GNU C library because a Unix-like system needs "
"a C library, BASH because a Unix-like system needs a shell, and GNU tar "
@@ -1420,7 +1484,7 @@
"parecido com Unix precisa de um programa tar. O mesmo é verdade para os meus
"
"próprios programas â o compilador C GNU, GNU Emacs, GDB e GNU Make."
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"Some GNU programs were developed to cope with specific threats to our "
"freedom. Thus, we developed gzip to replace the Compress program, which had "
@@ -1443,7 +1507,7 @@
"software não livre de criptografia popular, porque os usuários não
deveriam "
"ter que escolher entre privacidade e liberdade."
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"Of course, the people writing these programs became interested in the work, "
"and many features were added to them by various people for the sake of their "
@@ -1454,11 +1518,11 @@
"causa de suas próprias necessidades e interesses. Mas não é por isso que "
"esses programas existem."
-#. type: Content of: <h3>
+#. type: Content of: <div><h3>
msgid "Unexpected developments"
msgstr "Desenvolvimentos inesperados"
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"At the beginning of the GNU Project, I imagined that we would develop the "
"whole GNU system, then release it as a whole. That is not how it happened."
@@ -1466,7 +1530,7 @@
"No inÃcio do Projeto GNU, eu imaginei que irÃamos desenvolver todo o
sistema "
"GNU e então liberá-lo como um todo. Não foi assim que aconteceu."
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"Since each component of the GNU system was implemented on a Unix system, "
"each component could run on Unix systems long before a complete GNU system "
@@ -1480,7 +1544,7 @@
"usuários começaram a estendê-los e portá-los â para as várias versões
"
"incompatÃveis do Unix, e à s vezes para outros sistemas também."
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"The process made these programs much more powerful, and attracted both funds "
"and contributors to the GNU Project. But it probably also delayed "
@@ -1496,11 +1560,11 @@
"recursos aos componentes existentes, ao invés de continuar escrevendo os "
"componentes que faltavam, um após o outro."
-#. type: Content of: <h3>
+#. type: Content of: <div><h3>
msgid "The GNU Hurd"
msgstr "O GNU Hurd"
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"By 1990, the GNU system was almost complete; the only major missing "
"component was the kernel. We had decided to implement our kernel as a "
@@ -1521,7 +1585,7 @@
"adiado enquanto esperávamos pelo lançamento do Mach como software livre, "
"como havia sido prometido."
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"One reason for choosing this design was to avoid what seemed to be the "
"hardest part of the job: debugging a kernel program without a source-level "
@@ -1540,11 +1604,11 @@
"outros acabaram por ser muito difÃceis de se depurar. Fazer o Hurd funcionar
"
"de maneira sólida demorou muitos anos."
-#. type: Content of: <h3>
+#. type: Content of: <div><h3>
msgid "Alix"
msgstr "Alix"
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"The GNU kernel was not originally supposed to be called the Hurd. Its "
"original name was Alix—named after the woman who was my sweetheart at "
@@ -1560,7 +1624,7 @@
"ela disse aos seus amigos, âAlguém deveria dar meu nome a um núcleoâ.
Eu não "
"disse nada, mas decidi surpreendê-la com um núcleo chamado Alix."
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"It did not stay that way. Michael (now Thomas) Bushnell, the main developer "
"of the kernel, preferred the name Hurd, and redefined Alix to refer to a "
@@ -1573,7 +1637,7 @@
"chamadas de sistema e as trata através do envio de mensagens para os "
"servidores do Hurd."
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"Later, Alix and I broke up, and she changed her name; independently, the "
"Hurd design was changed so that the C library would send messages directly "
@@ -1584,7 +1648,7 @@
"mensagens diretamente aos servidores, e isso fez com que o componente Alix "
"desaparecesse do design."
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"But before these things happened, a friend of hers came across the name Alix "
"in the Hurd source code, and mentioned it to her. So she did have the "
@@ -1594,11 +1658,11 @@
"Alix no código-fonte do Hurd, e mencionou a ela. Então ela teve a chance de
"
"encontrar um kernel com o seu nome."
-#. type: Content of: <h3>
+#. type: Content of: <div><h3>
msgid "Linux and GNU/Linux"
msgstr "Linux e GNU/Linux"
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"The GNU Hurd is not suitable for production use, and we don't know if it "
"ever will be. The capability-based design has problems that result directly "
@@ -1610,7 +1674,7 @@
"problemas que são resultados diretos da flexibilidade do design, e não
está "
"claro se soluções existem."
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"Fortunately, another kernel is available. In 1991, Linus Torvalds developed "
"a Unix-compatible kernel and called it Linux. It was proprietary at first, "
@@ -1627,12 +1691,20 @@
"si mesmo, é claro). à graças ao Linux que podemos de fato executar uma "
"versão do sistema GNU hoje em dia."
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "We call this system version <a href=\"/gnu/linux-and-gnu.html\"> GNU/"
+#| "Linux</a>, to express its composition as a combination of the GNU system "
+#| "with Linux as the kernel. Please don't fall into the practice of calling "
+#| "the whole system “Linux”, since that means attributing our "
+#| "work to someone else. Please <a href=\"/gnu/gnu-linux-faq.html\"> give "
+#| "us equal mention</a>."
msgid ""
"We call this system version <a href=\"/gnu/linux-and-gnu.html\"> GNU/Linux</"
"a>, to express its composition as a combination of the GNU system with Linux "
"as the kernel. Please don't fall into the practice of calling the whole "
-"system “Linux”, since that means attributing our work to someone "
+"system “Linux,” since that means attributing our work to someone "
"else. Please <a href=\"/gnu/gnu-linux-faq.html\"> give us equal mention</a>."
msgstr ""
"Nós chamamos esta versão do sistema <a
href=\"/gnu/linux-and-gnu.html\">GNU/"
@@ -1642,11 +1714,11 @@
"outra pessoa. Por favor, <a href=\"/gnu/gnu-linux-faq.html\">nos dê menção
"
"igual</a>."
-#. type: Content of: <h3>
+#. type: Content of: <div><h3>
msgid "Challenges in our future"
msgstr "Desafios para o futuro"
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"We have proved our ability to develop a broad spectrum of free software. "
"This does not mean we are invincible and unstoppable. Several challenges "
@@ -1662,15 +1734,15 @@
"durante anos. Exigirá o tipo de determinação que as pessoas mostram quando
"
"elas valorizam a sua liberdade e não deixam ninguém levá-la embora."
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid "The following four sections discuss these challenges."
msgstr "As quatro seções seguintes abordam esses desafios."
-#. type: Content of: <h3>
+#. type: Content of: <div><h3>
msgid "Secret hardware"
msgstr "Hardware secreto"
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"Hardware manufacturers increasingly tend to keep hardware specifications "
"secret. This makes it difficult to write free drivers so that Linux and "
@@ -1683,7 +1755,7 @@
"sistemas livres completos hoje, mas não vamos tê-los amanhã, se não
pudermos "
"dar suporte aos computadores do futuro."
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"There are two ways to cope with this problem. Programmers can do reverse "
"engineering to figure out how to support the hardware. The rest of us can "
@@ -1696,14 +1768,22 @@
"nosso número aumenta, o sigilo das especificações se tornará uma
polÃtica de "
"auto-destrutiva."
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "Reverse engineering is a big job; will we have programmers with "
+#| "sufficient determination to undertake it? Yes—if we have built up a "
+#| "strong feeling that free software is a matter of principle, and nonfree "
+#| "drivers are intolerable. And will large numbers of us spend extra money, "
+#| "or even a little extra time, so we can use free drivers? Yes, if the "
+#| "determination to have freedom is widespread."
msgid ""
"Reverse engineering is a big job; will we have programmers with sufficient "
"determination to undertake it? Yes—if we have built up a strong "
"feeling that free software is a matter of principle, and nonfree drivers are "
"intolerable. And will large numbers of us spend extra money, or even a "
"little extra time, so we can use free drivers? Yes, if the determination to "
-"have freedom is widespread."
+"have freedom is widespread. <a href=\"#ft8\">[8]</a>"
msgstr ""
"A engenharia reversa é um grande trabalho; teremos programadores com "
"determinação suficiente para realizá-lo? Sim â se nós construirmos um
forte "
@@ -1713,23 +1793,11 @@
"usar controladores livres? Sim, se a determinação de ter liberdade for "
"generalizada."
-#. type: Content of: <p>
-msgid ""
-"(2008 note: this issue extends to the BIOS as well. There is a free BIOS, "
-"<a href=\"http://www.libreboot.org/\";>LibreBoot</a> (a distribution of "
-"coreboot); the problem is getting specs for machines so that LibreBoot can "
-"support them without nonfree “blobs”.)"
-msgstr ""
-"(nota de 2008: este problema estende-se também à BIOS. Há uma BIOS livre,
<a "
-"href=\"http://www.libreboot.org/\";>LibreBoot</a> (uma distribuição do "
-"coreboot); o problema está em conseguir especificações para as máquinas
de "
-"modo que LibreBoot possa suportá-las sem âblobsâ não livres)."
-
-#. type: Content of: <h3>
+#. type: Content of: <div><h3>
msgid "Nonfree libraries"
msgstr "Bibliotecas não livres"
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"A nonfree library that runs on free operating systems acts as a trap for "
"free software developers. The library's attractive features are the bait; "
@@ -1748,7 +1816,7 @@
"um programa que usa a biblioteca privativa se torna popular, ele pode atrair "
"outros programadores desavisados para a armadilha."
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"The first instance of this problem was the Motif toolkit, back in the 80s. "
"Although there were as yet no free operating systems, it was clear what "
@@ -1769,7 +1837,7 @@
"(Programadores Famintos), tornou-se poderosa o suficiente para dar suporte a "
"maioria das aplicações Motif apenas em 1997."
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"Between 1996 and 1998, another nonfree <abbr title=\"Graphical User Interface"
"\">GUI</abbr> toolkit library, called Qt, was used in a substantial "
@@ -1781,7 +1849,7 @@
"em uma coleção substancial de software livre, o <abbr title=\"K Desktop "
"Environment\">KDE</abbr>."
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"Free GNU/Linux systems were unable to use KDE, because we could not use the "
"library. However, some commercial distributors of GNU/Linux systems who "
@@ -1799,7 +1867,7 @@
"usar Qt, e milhões de novos âusuários Linuxâ nunca tinham sido expostos
à "
"ideia de que havia algum problema nisso. A situação era desesperadora."
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"The free software community responded to the problem in two ways: GNOME and "
"Harmony."
@@ -1807,7 +1875,7 @@
"A comunidade do software livre respondeu ao problema de duas formas: GNOME e "
"Harmony (Harmonia)."
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"GNOME, the GNU Network Object Model Environment, is GNU's desktop project. "
"Started in 1997 by Miguel de Icaza, and developed with the support of Red "
@@ -1825,7 +1893,7 @@
"objectivo era a liberdade: não exigir a utilização de qualquer software
não "
"livre."
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"Harmony is a compatible replacement library, designed to make it possible to "
"run KDE software without using Qt."
@@ -1833,13 +1901,22 @@
"Harmony é uma biblioteca substituta compatÃvel, projetada para tornar "
"possÃvel executar software KDE sem usar Qt."
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "In November 1998, the developers of Qt announced a change of license "
+#| "which, when carried out, should make Qt free software. There is no way "
+#| "to be sure, but I think that this was partly due to the community's firm "
+#| "response to the problem that Qt posed when it was nonfree. (The new "
+#| "license is inconvenient and inequitable, so it remains desirable to avoid "
+#| "using Qt.)"
msgid ""
"In November 1998, the developers of Qt announced a change of license which, "
"when carried out, should make Qt free software. There is no way to be sure, "
"but I think that this was partly due to the community's firm response to the "
"problem that Qt posed when it was nonfree. (The new license is inconvenient "
-"and inequitable, so it remains desirable to avoid using Qt.)"
+"and inequitable, so it remains desirable to avoid using Qt. <a href="
+"\"#ft9\">[9]</a>)"
msgstr ""
"Em novembro de 1998, os desenvolvedores da Qt anunciaram uma mudança de "
"licença que, quando realizada, deverá fazer da Qt software livre. Não há "
@@ -1848,15 +1925,7 @@
"nova licença é inconveniente e injusta, por isso, continua a ser desejável
"
"evitar o uso da Qt)."
-#. type: Content of: <p>
-msgid ""
-"[Subsequent note: in September 2000, Qt was rereleased under the GNU GPL, "
-"which essentially solved this problem.]"
-msgstr ""
-"[Nota subsequente: em setembro de 2000, Qt foi relançada sob a GNU GPL, o "
-"que essencialmente resolveu este problema]."
-
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"How will we respond to the next tempting nonfree library? Will the whole "
"community understand the need to stay out of the trap? Or will many of us "
@@ -1868,21 +1937,31 @@
"muitos de nós desistiremos da liberdade por conveniência, e produziremos um
"
"problema maior? Nosso futuro depende de nossa filosofia."
-#. type: Content of: <h3>
+#. type: Content of: <div><h3>
msgid "Software patents"
msgstr "As patentes de software"
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "The worst threat we face comes from software patents, which can put "
+#| "algorithms and features off limits to free software for up to twenty "
+#| "years. The LZW compression algorithm patents were applied for in 1983, "
+#| "and we still cannot release free software to produce proper compressed "
+#| "<abbr title=\"Graphics Interchange Format\">GIF</abbr>s. [As of 2009 "
+#| "they have expired.] In 1998, a free program to produce <abbr title="
+#| "\"MPEG-1 Audio Layer 3\">MP3</abbr> compressed audio was removed from "
+#| "distribution under threat of a patent suit. [As of 2017, these patents "
+#| "have expired. Look how long we had to wait.]"
msgid ""
"The worst threat we face comes from software patents, which can put "
"algorithms and features off limits to free software for up to twenty years. "
"The LZW compression algorithm patents were applied for in 1983, and we still "
"cannot release free software to produce proper compressed <abbr title="
-"\"Graphics Interchange Format\">GIF</abbr>s. [As of 2009 they have "
-"expired.] In 1998, a free program to produce <abbr title=\"MPEG-1 Audio "
-"Layer 3\">MP3</abbr> compressed audio was removed from distribution under "
-"threat of a patent suit. [As of 2017, these patents have expired. Look how "
-"long we had to wait.]"
+"\"Graphics Interchange Format\">GIF</abbr>s. <a href=\"#ft10\">[10]</"
+"a> In 1998, a free program to produce <abbr title=\"MPEG-1 Audio Layer "
+"3\">MP3</abbr> compressed audio was removed from distribution under threat "
+"of a patent suit. <a href=\"#ft11\">[11]</a>"
msgstr ""
"A pior ameaça que enfrentamos vem de patentes de software, que podem colocar
"
"algoritmos e funcionalidades fora do alcance do software livre por até 20 "
@@ -1894,7 +1973,7 @@
"distribuÃdo sob a ameaça de um processo de patente. [Desde 2017, essas "
"patentes expiraram. Veja quanto tempo tivemos que esperar.]"
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"There are ways to cope with patents: we can search for evidence that a "
"patent is invalid, and we can look for alternative ways to do a job. But "
@@ -1909,7 +1988,7 @@
"desejar com respeito a uma funcionalidade que os usuários querem. Após uma "
"longa espera, as patentes expiram, mas o que vamos fazer até então?"
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"Those of us who value free software for freedom's sake will stay with free "
"software anyway. We will manage to get work done without the patented "
@@ -1929,11 +2008,11 @@
"confiabilidade e poder de alguns softwares livres, não devemos parar por
aÃ. "
"Temos que falar sobre liberdade e princÃpio."
-#. type: Content of: <h3>
+#. type: Content of: <div><h3>
msgid "Free documentation"
msgstr "Documentação livre"
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"The biggest deficiency in our free operating systems is not in the "
"software—it is the lack of good free manuals that we can include in "
@@ -1947,7 +2026,7 @@
"importante pacote de software livre não vem com um bom manual livre, essa é
"
"uma grande lacuna. Temos muitas dessas lacunas hoje."
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"Free documentation, like free software, is a matter of freedom, not price. "
"The criterion for a free manual is pretty much the same as for free "
@@ -1961,7 +2040,7 @@
"Redistribuição (incluindo a venda comercial) deve ser permitida, on-line e "
"em papel, de modo que o manual possa acompanhar cada cópia do programa."
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"Permission for modification is crucial too. As a general rule, I don't "
"believe that it is essential for people to have permission to modify all "
@@ -1975,7 +2054,7 @@
"somos obrigados a dar permissão para modificação de artigos como este, que
"
"descrevem as nossas ações e nossos pontos de vista."
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"But there is a particular reason why the freedom to modify is crucial for "
"documentation for free software. When people exercise their right to modify "
@@ -1993,7 +2072,7 @@
"Um manual não livre, que não permite que os programadores sejam sensatos e "
"terminem o trabalho, não satisfaz as necessidades da nossa comunidade."
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"Some kinds of limits on how modifications are done pose no problem. For "
"example, requirements to preserve the original author's copyright notice, "
@@ -2017,7 +2096,7 @@
"manual para corresponder ao programa modificado. Em outras palavras, elas "
"não impedem a comunidade de software livre de fazer pleno uso do manual."
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"However, it must be possible to modify all the <em>technical</em> content of "
"the manual, and then distribute the result in all the usual media, through "
@@ -2029,7 +2108,7 @@
"todos os canais usuais; caso contrário, as restrições obstruem a
comunidade, "
"o manual não é livre, e nós precisamos de outro manual."
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"Will free software developers have the awareness and determination to "
"produce a full spectrum of free manuals? Once again, our future depends on "
@@ -2039,14 +2118,20 @@
"produzir um espectro completo de manuais livres? Mais uma vez, o nosso "
"futuro depende da filosofia."
-#. type: Content of: <h3>
+#. type: Content of: <div><h3>
msgid "We must talk about freedom"
msgstr "Devemos falar sobre liberdade"
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "Estimates today are that there are ten million users of GNU/Linux systems "
+#| "such as Debian GNU/Linux and Red Hat “Linux”. Free software "
+#| "has developed such practical advantages that users are flocking to it for "
+#| "purely practical reasons."
msgid ""
"Estimates today are that there are ten million users of GNU/Linux systems "
-"such as Debian GNU/Linux and Red Hat “Linux”. Free software has "
+"such as Debian GNU/Linux and Red Hat “Linux.” Free software has "
"developed such practical advantages that users are flocking to it for purely "
"practical reasons."
msgstr ""
@@ -2055,7 +2140,7 @@
"desenvolvido tamanhas vantagens práticas que os usuários estão migrando
para "
"ele por razões puramente práticas."
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"The good consequences of this are evident: more interest in developing free "
"software, more customers for free software businesses, and more ability to "
@@ -2067,7 +2152,7 @@
"capacidade de incentivar as empresas a desenvolver software livre comercial, "
"em vez de produtos de software privativo."
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"But interest in the software is growing faster than awareness of the "
"philosophy it is based on, and this leads to trouble. Our ability to meet "
@@ -2082,7 +2167,7 @@
"nossa comunidade tem essa vontade, precisamos difundir a ideia para os novos "
"usuários conforme eles chegam à nossa comunidade."
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"But we are failing to do so: the efforts to attract new users into our "
"community are far outstripping the efforts to teach them the civics of our "
@@ -2094,11 +2179,11 @@
"educação cÃvica da nossa comunidade. Precisamos fazer as duas coisas, e "
"precisamos manter os dois esforços em equilÃbrio."
-#. type: Content of: <h3>
+#. type: Content of: <div><h3>
msgid "“Open Source”"
msgstr "âCódigo Abertoâ (âOpen Sourceâ)"
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"Teaching new users about freedom became more difficult in 1998, when a part "
"of the community decided to stop using the term “free software” "
@@ -2109,7 +2194,7 @@
"livreâ (free software) e, em vez disso, começou a dizer âcódigo "
"abertoâ (open source)."
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"Some who favored this term aimed to avoid the confusion of “"
"free” with “gratis”—a valid goal. Others, however, "
@@ -2129,7 +2214,7 @@
"potencial de fazer software poderoso e de alta qualidade, mas evita as "
"ideias de liberdade, comunidade e princÃpios."
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"The “Linux” magazines are a clear example of this—they are "
"filled with advertisements for proprietary software that works with GNU/"
@@ -2141,7 +2226,7 @@
"Motif ou Qt aparecer, irão essas revistas alertar os programadores, ou será
"
"que vão exibir anúncios dela?"
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"The support of business can contribute to the community in many ways; all "
"else being equal, it is useful. But winning their support by speaking even "
@@ -2153,12 +2238,19 @@
"menos ainda sobre liberdade e princÃpios pode ser desastroso; isso faz o "
"desequilÃbrio entre divulgação e educação cÃvica ainda pior."
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "“Free software” and “open source” describe the "
+#| "same category of software, more or less, but say different things about "
+#| "the software, and about values. The GNU Project continues to use the "
+#| "term “free software”, to express the idea that freedom, not "
+#| "just technology, is important."
msgid ""
"“Free software” and “open source” describe the same "
"category of software, more or less, but say different things about the "
"software, and about values. The GNU Project continues to use the term "
-"“free software”, to express the idea that freedom, not just "
+"“free software,” to express the idea that freedom, not just "
"technology, is important."
msgstr ""
"âSoftware livreâ e âcódigo abertoâ descrevem a mesma categoria de
software, "
@@ -2166,11 +2258,11 @@
"valores. O Projeto GNU continua a usar o termo âsoftware livreâ, para "
"expressar a ideia de que liberdade, não apenas tecnologia, é importante."
-#. type: Content of: <h3>
+#. type: Content of: <div><h3>
msgid "Try!"
msgstr "Tente!"
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"Yoda's aphorism (“There is no ‘try’”) sounds neat, "
"but it doesn't work for me. I have done most of my work while anxious about "
@@ -2186,7 +2278,7 @@
"não havia ninguém além de mim entre o inimigo e minha cidade. Para minha "
"surpresa, algumas vezes eu tive sucesso."
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"Sometimes I failed; some of my cities have fallen. Then I found another "
"threatened city, and got ready for another battle. Over time, I've learned "
@@ -2198,7 +2290,7 @@
"tempo, aprendi a olhar para as ameaças e colocar-me entre elas e minha "
"cidade, convidando outros hackers para vir e se juntar a mim."
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"Nowadays, often I'm not the only one. It is a relief and a joy when I see a "
"regiment of hackers digging in to hold the line, and I realize, this city "
@@ -2215,6 +2307,193 @@
"tome por garantido! Se você quiser manter sua liberdade, você deve estar "
"preparado para defendê-la."
+#. type: Content of: <div><h3>
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid "Footnotes"
+msgid "Footnotes"
+msgstr "Notas de rodapé"
+
+#. type: Content of: <div><ol><li>
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "(1) The use of “hacker” to mean “security "
+#| "breaker” is a confusion on the part of the mass media. We hackers "
+#| "refuse to recognize that meaning, and continue using the word to mean "
+#| "someone who loves to program, someone who enjoys playful cleverness, or "
+#| "the combination of the two. See my article, <a href=\"http://stallman.";
+#| "org/articles/on-hacking.html\">On Hacking</a>."
+msgid ""
+"The use of “hacker” to mean “security breaker” is a "
+"confusion on the part of the mass media. We hackers refuse to recognize "
+"that meaning, and continue using the word to mean someone who loves to "
+"program, someone who enjoys playful cleverness, or the combination of the "
+"two. See my article, “<a href=\"https://stallman.org/articles/on-";
+"hacking.html\">On Hacking</a>.”"
+msgstr ""
+"(1) O uso do termo âhackerâ significando âviolador de segurançaâ é
uma "
+"confusão causada pelos meios de comunicação de massa. Nós hackers nos "
+"recusamos a reconhecer este significado, e continuamos usando a palavra com "
+"o significado de alguém que ama programar, alguém que aprecia brincadeiras "
+"inteligentes, ou a combinação dos dois. Veja meu artigo, <a href=\"http://";
+"stallman.org/articles/on-hacking.html\">On Hacking</a> (em inglês)."
+
+#. type: Content of: <div><ol><li>
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "(1) As an Atheist, I don't follow any religious leaders, but I sometimes "
+#| "find I admire something one of them has said."
+msgid ""
+"As an Atheist, I don't follow any religious leaders, but I sometimes find I "
+"admire something one of them has said."
+msgstr ""
+"(1) Como um ateu eu não sigo lÃderes religiosos, mas à s vezes eu percebo
que "
+"admiro algo que algum deles disse."
+
+#. type: Content of: <div><ol><li>
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "(1) In 1984 or 1985, Don Hopkins (a very imaginative fellow) mailed me a "
+#| "letter. On the envelope he had written several amusing sayings, "
+#| "including this one: “Copyleft—all rights reversed.” I "
+#| "used the word “copyleft” to name the distribution concept I "
+#| "was developing at the time."
+msgid ""
+"In 1984 or 1985, Don Hopkins (a very imaginative fellow) mailed me a "
+"letter. <a href=\"/graphics/copyleft-sticker.html\">On the envelope</a> he "
+"had written several amusing sayings, including this one: “"
+"Copyleft—all rights reversed.” I used the word “"
+"copyleft” to name the distribution concept I was developing at the "
+"time."
+msgstr ""
+"(1) Em 1984 ou 1985, Don Hopkins (um companheiro muito imaginativo) enviou-"
+"me uma carta. No envelope ele havia escrito vários dizeres divertidos, "
+"incluindo este: âCopyleft â todos os direitos revertidosâ. Eu usei a
palavra "
+"âcopyleftâ para nomear o conceito de distribuição que eu estava "
+"desenvolvendo no momento."
+
+#. type: Content of: <div><ol><li>
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "(2) We now use the <a href=\"/licenses/fdl.html\">GNU Free Documentation "
+#| "License</a> for documentation."
+msgid ""
+"We now use the <a href=\"/licenses/fdl.html\">GNU Free Documentation "
+"License</a> for documentation."
+msgstr ""
+"(2) Agora usamos a <a href=\"/licenses/fdl.html\">Licença de Documentação "
+"Livre GNU</a> (GNU Free Documentation License) para documentação."
+
+#. type: Content of: <div><ol><li>
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "(1) “Bourne Again Shell” is a play on the name “Bourne "
+#| "Shell”, which was the usual shell on Unix."
+msgid ""
+"“Bourne Again Shell” is a play on the name “Bourne Shell,"
+"” which was the usual shell on Unix."
+msgstr ""
+"(1) âBourne Again Shellâ (Interpretador de Comandos âRenascidoâ) é
um "
+"trocadilho com o nome âBourne Shellâ (Interpretador de Comandos Bourne),
que "
+"era o interpretador de comandos costumário do Unix."
+
+#. type: Content of: <div><ol><li>
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "(1) That was written in 1998. In 2009 we no longer maintain a long task "
+#| "list. The community develops free software so fast that we can't even "
+#| "keep track of it all. Instead, we have a list of High Priority Projects, "
+#| "a much shorter list of projects we really want to encourage people to "
+#| "write."
+msgid ""
+"That was written in 1998. In 2009 we no longer maintain a long task list. "
+"The community develops free software so fast that we can't even keep track "
+"of it all. Instead, we have a list of High Priority Projects, a much "
+"shorter list of projects we really want to encourage people to write."
+msgstr ""
+"(1) Isso foi escrito em 1998. Em 2009 já não mantemos uma longa lista de "
+"tarefas. A comunidade desenvolve software livre tão rápido que nem sequer "
+"podemos acompanhá-los. Em vez disso, nós temos uma lista de projetos de
alta "
+"prioridade, uma lista muito mais curta de projetos nos quais queremos "
+"encorajar as pessoas a trabalhar."
+
+#. type: Content of: <div><ol><li>
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "(1) This license is now called the GNU Lesser General Public License, to "
+#| "avoid giving the idea that all libraries ought to use it. See <a href=\"/"
+#| "philosophy/why-not-lgpl.html\">Why you shouldn't use the Lesser GPL for "
+#| "your next library</a> for more information."
+msgid ""
+"This license is now called the GNU Lesser General Public License, to avoid "
+"giving the idea that all libraries ought to use it. See <a href=\"/"
+"philosophy/why-not-lgpl.html\">Why you shouldn't use the Lesser GPL for your "
+"next library</a> for more information."
+msgstr ""
+"(1) Esta licença é agora chamada de Licença Pública Geral GNU Reduzida
(GNU "
+"Lesser General Public License), para evitar passar a ideia de que todas as "
+"bibliotecas deveriam usá-la. Consulte <a
href=\"/philosophy/why-not-lgpl.html"
+"\">Por que você não deve usar a GPL Reduzida para a sua próxima
biblioteca</"
+"a> para mais informações."
+
+#. type: Content of: <div><ol><li>
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "(2008 note: this issue extends to the BIOS as well. There is a free "
+#| "BIOS, <a href=\"http://www.libreboot.org/\";>LibreBoot</a> (a distribution "
+#| "of coreboot); the problem is getting specs for machines so that LibreBoot "
+#| "can support them without nonfree “blobs”.)"
+msgid ""
+"2008 note: this issue extends to the BIOS as well. There is a free BIOS, <a "
+"href=\"https://libreboot.org/\";>LibreBoot</a> (a distribution of coreboot); "
+"the problem is getting specs for machines so that LibreBoot can support them "
+"without nonfree “blobs.”"
+msgstr ""
+"(nota de 2008: este problema estende-se também à BIOS. Há uma BIOS livre,
<a "
+"href=\"http://www.libreboot.org/\";>LibreBoot</a> (uma distribuição do "
+"coreboot); o problema está em conseguir especificações para as máquinas
de "
+"modo que LibreBoot possa suportá-las sem âblobsâ não livres)."
+
+#. type: Content of: <div><ol><li>
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "[Subsequent note: in September 2000, Qt was rereleased under the GNU GPL, "
+#| "which essentially solved this problem.]"
+msgid ""
+"In September 2000, Qt was rereleased under the GNU GPL, which essentially "
+"solved this problem."
+msgstr ""
+"[Nota subsequente: em setembro de 2000, Qt foi relançada sob a GNU GPL, o "
+"que essencialmente resolveu este problema]."
+
+#. type: Content of: <div><ol><li>
+msgid "As of 2009, the GIF patents have expired."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <div><ol><li>
+msgid ""
+"As of 2017, the MP3 patents have expired. Look how long we had to wait."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <div><div><p>
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "Originally published in the book <em>Open Sources</em>. Richard Stallman "
+#| "was <a href=\"/philosophy/open-source-misses-the-point.html\"> never a "
+#| "supporter of “open source”</a>, but contributed this article "
+#| "so that the ideas of the free software movement would not be entirely "
+#| "absent from that book."
+msgid ""
+"Originally published in the book <cite>Open Sources</cite>. Richard "
+"Stallman was <a href=\"/philosophy/open-source-misses-the-point.html\"> "
+"never a supporter of “open source”</a>, but contributed this "
+"article so that the ideas of the free software movement would not be "
+"entirely absent from that book."
+msgstr ""
+"Originalmente publicado no livro <em>Open Sources</em>. Richard Stallman <a "
+"href=\"/philosophy/open-source-misses-the-point.html\">nunca foi um apoiante "
+"do âcódigo abertoâ</a>, mas contribuiu com este artigo para que as
ideias do "
+"movimento de software livre não estivessem totalmente ausentes naquele
livro."
+
#. TRANSLATORS: Use space (SPC) as msgstr if you don't have notes.
#. type: Content of: <div>
msgid "*GNUN-SLOT: TRANSLATOR'S NOTES*"
@@ -2246,14 +2525,14 @@
#. Please send your comments and general suggestions in this regard
#. to <a href="mailto:web-translators@gnu.org";>
#. <web-translators@gnu.org></a>.</p>
-#. <p>For information on coordinating and submitting translations of
+#. <p>For information on coordinating and contributing translations of
#. our web pages, see <a
#. href="/server/standards/README.translations.html">Translations
#. README</a>.
#. type: Content of: <div><div><p>
msgid ""
"Please see the <a href=\"/server/standards/README.translations.html"
-"\">Translations README</a> for information on coordinating and submitting "
+"\">Translations README</a> for information on coordinating and contributing "
"translations of this article."
msgstr ""
"A equipe de traduções para o português brasileiro se esforça para
oferecer "
@@ -2261,13 +2540,17 @@
"favor, envie seus comentários e sugestões em geral sobre as traduções
para "
"<a href=\"mailto:web-translators@gnu.org\";><web-translators@gnu.org></"
"a>. </p><p>Consulte o <a href=\"/server/standards/README.translations.html"
-"\">Guia para as traduções</a> para mais informações sobre a coordenação
e o "
-"envio de traduções das páginas deste site."
+"\">Guia para as traduções</a> para mais informações sobre a coordenação
e a "
+"contribuição com traduções das páginas deste site."
#. type: Content of: <div><p>
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "Copyright © 1998, 2001, 2002, 2005, 2006, 2007, 2008, 2010, 2014, "
+#| "2015, 2017, 2018, 2020 Richard Stallman"
msgid ""
-"Copyright © 1998, 2001, 2002, 2005, 2006, 2007, 2008, 2010, 2014, 2015, "
-"2017, 2018, 2020 Richard Stallman"
+"Copyright © 1998, 2005, 2008, 2010, 2012, 2015, 2017, 2018, 2021 "
+"Richard Stallman"
msgstr ""
"Copyright © 1998, 2001, 2002, 2005, 2006, 2007, 2008, 2010, 2014, 2015, "
"2017, 2018, 2020 Richard Stallman"
@@ -2297,10 +2580,9 @@
msgid "Updated:"
msgstr "Ãltima atualização:"
-#. type: Content of: <div><p>
-msgid ""
-"Copyright © 1998, 2001, 2002, 2005, 2006, 2007, 2008, 2010, 2014, 2015, "
-"2017, 2018, 2020, 2021 Richard Stallman"
-msgstr ""
-"Copyright © 1998, 2001, 2002, 2005, 2006, 2007, 2008, 2010, 2014, 2015, "
-"2017, 2018, 2020, 2021 Richard Stallman"
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "Copyright © 1998, 2001, 2002, 2005, 2006, 2007, 2008, 2010, 2014, "
+#~ "2015, 2017, 2018, 2020, 2021 Richard Stallman"
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "Copyright © 1998, 2001, 2002, 2005, 2006, 2007, 2008, 2010, 2014, "
+#~ "2015, 2017, 2018, 2020, 2021 Richard Stallman"
Index: thegnuproject.ru.po
===================================================================
RCS file: /web/www/www/gnu/po/thegnuproject.ru.po,v
retrieving revision 1.64
retrieving revision 1.65
diff -u -b -r1.64 -r1.65
--- thegnuproject.ru.po 24 Oct 2021 07:25:24 -0000 1.64
+++ thegnuproject.ru.po 24 Oct 2021 07:31:38 -0000 1.65
@@ -9,7 +9,7 @@
msgid ""
msgstr ""
"Project-Id-Version: thegnuproject.html\n"
-"POT-Creation-Date: 2020-07-12 02:25+0000\n"
+"POT-Creation-Date: 2021-10-24 07:25+0000\n"
"PO-Revision-Date: 2020-07-12 17:17+0000\n"
"Last-Translator: Ineiev <ineiev@gnu.org>\n"
"Language-Team: Russian <www-ru-list@gnu.org>\n"
@@ -17,6 +17,7 @@
"MIME-Version: 1.0\n"
"Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8\n"
"Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit\n"
+"X-Outdated-Since: 2021-10-24 07:25+0000\n"
#. type: Content of: <title>
msgid "About the GNU Project - GNU Project - Free Software Foundation"
@@ -28,45 +29,23 @@
"GNU, пÑÐ¾ÐµÐºÑ GNU, ФСÐÐ, ÑвободнÑе пÑогÑаммÑ,
Фонд Ñвободного пÑогÑаммного "
"обеÑпеÑениÑ, иÑÑоÑиÑ"
-#. type: Content of: <h2>
+#. type: Content of: <div><h2>
msgid "The GNU Project"
msgstr "ÐÑÐ¾ÐµÐºÑ GNU"
# type: Content of: <p>
-#. type: Content of: <p>
-msgid ""
-"by <a href=\"http://www.stallman.org/\";><strong>Richard Stallman</strong></a>"
-msgstr ""
-"<a href=\"http://www.stallman.org/\";><strong>РиÑаÑд
СÑолмен</strong></a>"
-
-#. type: Content of: <blockquote><p>
-msgid ""
-"Originally published in the book <em>Open Sources</em>. Richard Stallman "
-"was <a href=\"/philosophy/open-source-misses-the-point.html\"> never a "
-"supporter of “open source”</a>, but contributed this article so "
-"that the ideas of the free software movement would not be entirely absent "
-"from that book."
-msgstr ""
-"ÐеÑвонаÑалÑно опÑбликовано в книге
<em>ÐÑкÑÑÑÑе иÑÑ
однÑе ÑекÑÑÑ</em>. РиÑаÑд "
-"СÑолмен <a href=\"/philosophy/open-source-misses-the-point.html\">
никогда "
-"не бÑл ÑÑоÑонником “оÑкÑÑÑого иÑÑ
одного ÑекÑÑа”</a>, но он "
-"пеÑедал ÑÑÑ ÑÑаÑÑÑ, ÑÑÐ¾Ð±Ñ Ð¸Ð´ÐµÐ¸ Ð´Ð²Ð¸Ð¶ÐµÐ½Ð¸Ñ Ð·Ð°
Ñвободное пÑогÑаммное обеÑпеÑение "
-"не оÑÑÑÑÑÑвовали в ÑÑой книге полноÑÑÑÑ."
+#. type: Content of: <div><address>
+# || No change detected. The change might only be in amounts of spaces.
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid "by <a href=\"https://www.stallman.org/\";>Richard Stallman</a>"
+msgid "by <a href=\"https://www.stallman.org/\";>Richard Stallman</a>"
+msgstr "<a href=\"https://www.stallman.org/\";>РиÑаÑд СÑолмен</a>"
-#. type: Content of: <blockquote><p>
-msgid ""
-"Why it is even more important than ever <a href=\"/philosophy/free-software-"
-"even-more-important.html\">to insist that the software we use be free</a>."
-msgstr ""
-"ÐоÑÐµÐ¼Ñ ÑейÑÐ°Ñ Ð²Ð°Ð¶Ð½Ð¾, как никогда, <a
href=\"/philosophy/free-software-even-"
-"more-important.html\"> наÑÑаиваÑÑ Ð½Ð° Ñом, ÑÑобÑ
пÑогÑаммÑ, коÑоÑÑми Ð¼Ñ "
-"полÑзÑемÑÑ, бÑли ÑвободнÑ</a>."
-
-#. type: Content of: <h3>
+#. type: Content of: <div><h3>
msgid "The first software-sharing community"
msgstr "ÐеÑвое ÑообÑеÑÑво обмена пÑогÑаммами"
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"When I started working at the <abbr title=\"Massachusetts Institute of "
"Technology\">MIT</abbr> Artificial Intelligence Lab in 1971, I became part "
@@ -82,15 +61,32 @@
"Ñак же ÑÑаÑ, как компÑÑÑеÑÑ, подобно ÑомÑ,
как обмен ÑеÑепÑами Ñак же ÑÑаÑ, "
"как кÑлинаÑиÑ. Ðо Ð¼Ñ Ð·Ð°Ð½Ð¸Ð¼Ð°Ð»Ð¸ÑÑ ÑÑим
болÑÑе, Ñем болÑÑинÑÑво дÑÑгиÑ
."
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
+# | The AI Lab used a timesharing operating system called <abbr
+# | title=\"Incompatible Timesharing System\">ITS</abbr> (the Incompatible
+# | Timesharing System) that the lab's staff [-hackers (1)-]
+# | {+hackers <a href=\"#ft1\">[1]</a>+} had designed and written in
+# | assembler language for the Digital <abbr title=\"Programmed Data
+# | Processor\">PDP</abbr>-10, one of the large computers of the era. As a
+# | member of this community, an AI Lab staff system hacker, my job was to
+# | improve this system.
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "The AI Lab used a timesharing operating system called <abbr title="
+#| "\"Incompatible Timesharing System\">ITS</abbr> (the Incompatible "
+#| "Timesharing System) that the lab's staff hackers (1) had designed and "
+#| "written in assembler language for the Digital <abbr title=\"Programmed "
+#| "Data Processor\">PDP</abbr>-10, one of the large computers of the era. "
+#| "As a member of this community, an AI Lab staff system hacker, my job was "
+#| "to improve this system."
msgid ""
"The AI Lab used a timesharing operating system called <abbr title="
"\"Incompatible Timesharing System\">ITS</abbr> (the Incompatible Timesharing "
-"System) that the lab's staff hackers (1) had designed and written in "
-"assembler language for the Digital <abbr title=\"Programmed Data Processor"
-"\">PDP</abbr>-10, one of the large computers of the era. As a member of "
-"this community, an AI Lab staff system hacker, my job was to improve this "
-"system."
+"System) that the lab's staff hackers <a href=\"#ft1\">[1]</a> had "
+"designed and written in assembler language for the Digital <abbr title="
+"\"Programmed Data Processor\">PDP</abbr>-10, one of the large computers of "
+"the era. As a member of this community, an AI Lab staff system hacker, my "
+"job was to improve this system."
msgstr ""
"ÐÐРполÑзовалаÑÑ Ð¾Ð¿ÐµÑаÑионной ÑиÑÑемой
под названием <abbr>ITS</abbr> "
"<a href=\"#tf2\">[2]</a> (ÐеÑовмеÑÑÐ¸Ð¼Ð°Ñ ÑиÑÑема
ÑÐ°Ð·Ð´ÐµÐ»ÐµÐ½Ð¸Ñ Ð²Ñемени), коÑоÑÑÑ "
@@ -99,9 +95,24 @@
"Digital, одного из кÑÑпнÑÑ
компÑÑÑеÑов Ñой
ÑпоÑ
и. ÐÐ¾Ñ ÑабоÑа как Ñлена "
"ÑообÑеÑÑва, ÑÑаÑного Ñ
акеÑа ÐÐÐ, ÑоÑÑоÑла
в ÑлÑÑÑении ÑÑой ÑиÑÑемÑ."
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
+# | We did not call our software “free [-software”,-]
+# | {+software,”+} because that term did not yet exist; but that is what
+# | it was. Whenever people from another university or a company wanted to
+# | port and use a program, we gladly let them. If you saw someone using an
+# | unfamiliar and interesting program, you could always ask to see the source
+# | code, so that you could read it, change it, or cannibalize parts of it to
+# | make a new program.
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "We did not call our software “free software”, because that "
+#| "term did not yet exist; but that is what it was. Whenever people from "
+#| "another university or a company wanted to port and use a program, we "
+#| "gladly let them. If you saw someone using an unfamiliar and interesting "
+#| "program, you could always ask to see the source code, so that you could "
+#| "read it, change it, or cannibalize parts of it to make a new program."
msgid ""
-"We did not call our software “free software”, because that term "
+"We did not call our software “free software,” because that term "
"did not yet exist; but that is what it was. Whenever people from another "
"university or a company wanted to port and use a program, we gladly let "
"them. If you saw someone using an unfamiliar and interesting program, you "
@@ -116,28 +127,20 @@
"взглÑнÑÑÑ Ð½Ð° иÑÑ
однÑй ÑекÑÑ, ÑÑÐ¾Ð±Ñ ÐµÐ³Ð¾
можно бÑло пÑоÑеÑÑÑ, измениÑÑ Ð¸Ð»Ð¸ "
"ÑазделаÑÑ Ð½Ð° запÑаÑÑи Ð´Ð»Ñ Ð½Ð¾Ð²Ð¾Ð¹
пÑогÑаммÑ."
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><div><p>
msgid ""
-"(1) The use of “hacker” to mean “security breaker” "
-"is a confusion on the part of the mass media. We hackers refuse to "
-"recognize that meaning, and continue using the word to mean someone who "
-"loves to program, someone who enjoys playful cleverness, or the combination "
-"of the two. See my article, <a href=\"http://stallman.org/articles/on-";
-"hacking.html\">On Hacking</a>."
+"Why it is even more important than ever <a href=\"/philosophy/free-software-"
+"even-more-important.html\">to insist that the software we use be free</a>."
msgstr ""
-"(1) УпоÑÑебление Ñлова “Ñ
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знаÑении “взломÑик "
-"заÑиÑÑ” — оÑибка, коÑоÑой мÑ
обÑÐ·Ð°Ð½Ñ ÑÑедÑÑвам маÑÑовой "
-"инÑоÑмаÑии. ÐÑ, Ñ
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пÑизнаваÑÑ ÑÑо знаÑение и пÑодолжаем "
-"ÑпоÑÑеблÑÑÑ ÑÑо Ñлово в знаÑении “ÑоÑ,
кÑо лÑÐ±Ð¸Ñ Ð¿ÑогÑаммиÑоваÑÑ, кÑо "
-"полÑÑÐ°ÐµÑ ÑдоволÑÑÑвие Ð¾Ñ Ð¸Ð³ÑÑ Ð¼ÑÑли, или
комбинаÑÐ¸Ñ Ð¸ Ñого, и "
-"дÑÑгого”. См. Ð¼Ð¾Ñ ÑÑаÑÑÑ <a
href=\"http://stallman.org/articles/";
-"on-hacking.html\"> “Ð Ñ
акеÑÑÑве”</a>."
+"ÐоÑÐµÐ¼Ñ ÑейÑÐ°Ñ Ð²Ð°Ð¶Ð½Ð¾, как никогда, <a
href=\"/philosophy/free-software-even-"
+"more-important.html\"> наÑÑаиваÑÑ Ð½Ð° Ñом, ÑÑобÑ
пÑогÑаммÑ, коÑоÑÑми Ð¼Ñ "
+"полÑзÑемÑÑ, бÑли ÑвободнÑ</a>."
-#. type: Content of: <h3>
+#. type: Content of: <div><h3>
msgid "The collapse of the community"
msgstr "ÐÐ¸Ð±ÐµÐ»Ñ ÑообÑеÑÑва"
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"The situation changed drastically in the early 1980s when Digital "
"discontinued the PDP-10 series. Its architecture, elegant and powerful in "
@@ -152,15 +155,32 @@
"ÑÑановилиÑÑ Ð´Ð¾ÑÑÐ¸Ð¶Ð¸Ð¼Ñ Ð² воÑÑмидеÑÑÑÑÑ
.
ÐÑо знаÑило, ÑÑо поÑÑи вÑе пÑогÑаммÑ, "
"ÑоÑÑавлÑвÑие ITS, ÑÑÑаÑели."
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
+# | The AI Lab hacker community had already collapsed, not long before. In
+# | 1981, the spin-off company Symbolics had hired away nearly all of the
+# | hackers from the AI Lab, and the depopulated community was unable to
+# | maintain itself. (The book [-Hackers,-] {+<cite>Hackers</cite>,+} by
+# | Steve Levy, describes these events, as well as giving a clear picture of
+# | this community in its prime.) When the AI Lab bought a new PDP-10 in
+# | 1982, its administrators decided to use Digital's nonfree timesharing
+# | system instead of ITS.
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "The AI Lab hacker community had already collapsed, not long before. In "
+#| "1981, the spin-off company Symbolics had hired away nearly all of the "
+#| "hackers from the AI Lab, and the depopulated community was unable to "
+#| "maintain itself. (The book Hackers, by Steve Levy, describes these "
+#| "events, as well as giving a clear picture of this community in its "
+#| "prime.) When the AI Lab bought a new PDP-10 in 1982, its administrators "
+#| "decided to use Digital's nonfree timesharing system instead of ITS."
msgid ""
"The AI Lab hacker community had already collapsed, not long before. In "
"1981, the spin-off company Symbolics had hired away nearly all of the "
"hackers from the AI Lab, and the depopulated community was unable to "
-"maintain itself. (The book Hackers, by Steve Levy, describes these events, "
-"as well as giving a clear picture of this community in its prime.) When the "
-"AI Lab bought a new PDP-10 in 1982, its administrators decided to use "
-"Digital's nonfree timesharing system instead of ITS."
+"maintain itself. (The book <cite>Hackers</cite>, by Steve Levy, describes "
+"these events, as well as giving a clear picture of this community in its "
+"prime.) When the AI Lab bought a new PDP-10 in 1982, its administrators "
+"decided to use Digital's nonfree timesharing system instead of ITS."
msgstr ""
"СообÑеÑÑво Ñ
акеÑов ÐÐÐ Ñже ÑазвалилоÑÑ,
незадолго до ÑÑого. Ð 1981 Ð³Ð¾Ð´Ñ "
"оÑпоÑковавÑаÑÑÑ ÐºÐ¾Ð¼Ð¿Ð°Ð½Ð¸Ñ Symbolics
пеÑеманила поÑÑи вÑеÑ
Ñ
акеÑов из ÐÐÐ, и "
@@ -170,7 +190,7 @@
"PDP-10, админиÑÑÑаÑÐ¸Ñ ÑеÑила полÑзоваÑÑÑÑ
неÑвободной ÑиÑÑемой ÑÐ°Ð·Ð´ÐµÐ»ÐµÐ½Ð¸Ñ "
"вÑемени компании Digital вмеÑÑо ITS."
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"The modern computers of the era, such as the VAX or the 68020, had their own "
"operating systems, but none of them were free software: you had to sign a "
@@ -181,7 +201,7 @@
"пÑиÑ
одилоÑÑ Ð¿Ð¾Ð´Ð¿Ð¸ÑÑваÑÑ Ð´Ð¾Ð³Ð¾Ð²Ð¾Ñ Ð¾
неÑазглаÑении, ÑÑÐ¾Ð±Ñ Ð¿Ð¾Ð»ÑÑиÑÑ Ñ
оÑÑ Ð±Ñ "
"ÐºÐ¾Ð¿Ð¸Ñ Ð¸ÑполнÑемÑÑ
Ñайлов."
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"This meant that the first step in using a computer was to promise not to "
"help your neighbor. A cooperating community was forbidden. The rule made "
@@ -195,7 +215,7 @@
"обмениваеÑеÑÑ Ñо Ñвоим ÑоÑедом, Ð²Ñ —
пиÑаÑ. ÐÑли вам нÑÐ¶Ð½Ñ Ð»ÑбÑе "
"изменениÑ, ÑпÑаÑивайÑе Ð½Ð°Ñ Ð²Ð½ÐµÑÑи иÑ
”."
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"The idea that the proprietary software social system—the system that "
"says you are not allowed to share or change software—is antisocial, "
@@ -219,11 +239,27 @@
"пÑогÑаммами. ÐздаÑели пÑогÑамм долго и
ÑпоÑно ÑабоÑали над Ñем, ÑÑÐ¾Ð±Ñ "
"ÑбедиÑÑ Ð»Ñдей, ÑÑо на вопÑÐ¾Ñ Ð¼Ð¾Ð¶Ð½Ð¾
ÑмоÑÑеÑÑ ÑолÑко Ñ Ð¾Ð´Ð½Ð¾Ð¹ позиÑии."
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
+# | When software publishers talk about “enforcing” their
+# | “rights” or “stopping <a
+# | [-href=\"/philosophy/words-to-avoid.html#Piracy\">piracy</a>”,-]
+# | {+href=\"/philosophy/words-to-avoid.html#Piracy\">piracy</a>,”+}
+# | what they actually <em>say</em> is secondary. The real message of these
+# | statements is in the unstated assumptions they take for granted, which the
+# | public is asked to accept without examination. Let's therefore examine
+# | them.
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "When software publishers talk about “enforcing” their “"
+#| "rights” or “stopping <a href=\"/philosophy/words-to-avoid."
+#| "html#Piracy\">piracy</a>”, what they actually <em>say</em> is "
+#| "secondary. The real message of these statements is in the unstated "
+#| "assumptions they take for granted, which the public is asked to accept "
+#| "without examination. Let's therefore examine them."
msgid ""
"When software publishers talk about “enforcing” their “"
"rights” or “stopping <a href=\"/philosophy/words-to-avoid."
-"html#Piracy\">piracy</a>”, what they actually <em>say</em> is "
+"html#Piracy\">piracy</a>,” what they actually <em>say</em> is "
"secondary. The real message of these statements is in the unstated "
"assumptions they take for granted, which the public is asked to accept "
"without examination. Let's therefore examine them."
@@ -235,7 +271,7 @@
"невÑÑказаннÑÑ
допÑÑениÑÑ
, коÑоÑÑе они
ÑÑиÑаÑÑ Ñамо Ñобой ÑазÑмеÑÑимиÑÑ Ð¸ "
"коÑоÑÑе обÑеÑÑво пÑоÑÑÑ Ð¿ÑинÑÑÑ Ð±ÐµÐ·
пÑовеÑки. ÐÑак, давайÑе иÑ
пÑовеÑим."
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"One assumption is that software companies have an unquestionable natural "
"right to own software and thus have power over all its users. (If this were "
@@ -253,7 +289,7 @@
"еÑÑеÑÑвеннÑм, ÑÑо иÑкÑÑÑÑвеннаÑ
монополиÑ, Ð²Ð²ÐµÐ´ÐµÐ½Ð½Ð°Ñ Ð³Ð¾ÑÑдаÑÑÑвом, коÑоÑаÑ
"
"огÑаниÑÐ¸Ð²Ð°ÐµÑ ÐµÑÑеÑÑвенное пÑаво
полÑзоваÑелей копиÑоваÑÑ."
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"Another unstated assumption is that the only important thing about software "
"is what jobs it allows you to do—that we computer users should not "
@@ -264,7 +300,7 @@
"наÑ, полÑзоваÑелей компÑÑÑеÑов, не должно
беÑпокоиÑÑ, какого Ñода обÑеÑÑво "
"нам позволено имеÑÑ."
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"A third assumption is that we would have no usable software (or would never "
"have a program to do this or that particular job) if we did not offer a "
@@ -280,7 +316,7 @@
"обеÑпеÑение пÑодемонÑÑÑиÑовало, ÑÑо мÑ
можем ÑделаÑÑ Ð¼Ð½Ð¾Ð¶ÐµÑÑво полезнÑÑ
"
"пÑогÑамм, не Ð½Ð°Ð»Ð°Ð³Ð°Ñ Ð½Ð° ниÑ
Ñепей."
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"If we decline to accept these assumptions, and judge these issues based on "
"ordinary commonsense morality while placing the users first, we arrive at "
@@ -294,13 +330,31 @@
"изменÑÑÑ Ð¿ÑогÑÐ°Ð¼Ð¼Ñ Ð¿Ð¾Ð´ Ñвои нÑÐ¶Ð´Ñ Ð¸
обмениваÑÑÑÑ Ð¿ÑогÑаммами, поÑÐ¾Ð¼Ñ ÑÑо "
"помоÑÑ Ð´ÑÑгим лÑдÑм ÑоÑÑавлÑÐµÑ Ð¾ÑновÑ
обÑеÑÑва."
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
+# | There is no room here for an extensive statement of the reasoning behind
+# | this conclusion, so I refer the reader to [-the web pages <a
+# | href=\"/philosophy/why-free.html\">
+# | http://www.gnu.org/philosophy/why-free.html</a>-] {+“<a
+# | href=\"/philosophy/why-free.html\">Why Software Should Not Have
+# | Owners</a>,”+} and [-<a
+# | href=\"/philosophy/free-software-even-more-important.html\">
+# | http://www.gnu.org/philosophy/free-software-even-more-important.html</a>.-]
+# | {+“<a
+# | href=\"/philosophy/free-software-even-more-important.html\">Free Software
+# | Is Even More Important Now</a>.”+}
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "There is no room here for an extensive statement of the reasoning behind "
+#| "this conclusion, so I refer the reader to the web pages <a href=\"/"
+#| "philosophy/why-free.html\"> http://www.gnu.org/philosophy/why-free.html</"
+#| "a> and <a href=\"/philosophy/free-software-even-more-important.html\"> "
+#| "http://www.gnu.org/philosophy/free-software-even-more-important.html</a>."
msgid ""
"There is no room here for an extensive statement of the reasoning behind "
-"this conclusion, so I refer the reader to the web pages <a href=\"/"
-"philosophy/why-free.html\"> http://www.gnu.org/philosophy/why-free.html</a> "
-"and <a href=\"/philosophy/free-software-even-more-important.html\"> http://";
-"www.gnu.org/philosophy/free-software-even-more-important.html</a>."
+"this conclusion, so I refer the reader to “<a href=\"/philosophy/why-"
+"free.html\">Why Software Should Not Have Owners</a>,” and “<a "
+"href=\"/philosophy/free-software-even-more-important.html\">Free Software Is "
+"Even More Important Now</a>.”"
msgstr ""
"ÐдеÑÑ Ð½ÐµÐ´Ð¾ÑÑаÑоÑно меÑÑа Ð´Ð»Ñ Ð¿Ð¾Ð´Ñобного
Ð¸Ð·Ð»Ð¾Ð¶ÐµÐ½Ð¸Ñ Ð¿ÑиÑин, пÑиводÑÑиÑ
к ÑÑÐ¾Ð¼Ñ "
"заклÑÑениÑ, Ñак ÑÑо Ñ Ð¾ÑÑÑÐ»Ð°Ñ ÑиÑаÑÐµÐ»Ñ Ðº
ÑÑÑаниÑам <a href=\"/philosophy/why-"
@@ -308,11 +362,11 @@
"philosophy/free-software-even-more-important.html\"> http://www.gnu.org/";
"philosophy/free-software-even-more-important.html</a>."
-#. type: Content of: <h3>
+#. type: Content of: <div><h3>
msgid "A stark moral choice"
msgstr "ÐеÑÑкий нÑавÑÑвеннÑй вÑбоÑ"
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"With my community gone, to continue as before was impossible. Instead, I "
"faced a stark moral choice."
@@ -320,7 +374,7 @@
"ÐоÑколÑÐºÑ Ð¼Ð¾Ðµ ÑообÑеÑÑво иÑÑезло, Ñ Ð½Ðµ мог
пÑодолжаÑÑ Ð¶Ð¸ÑÑ, как ÑанÑÑе. "
"ÐмеÑÑо ÑÑого пеÑедо мной вÑÑал жеÑÑкий
нÑавÑÑвеннÑй вÑбоÑ."
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"The easy choice was to join the proprietary software world, signing "
"nondisclosure agreements and promising not to help my fellow hacker. Most "
@@ -334,7 +388,7 @@
"вÑпÑÑкали Ð±Ñ Ð½Ð° ÑÑловиÑÑ
неÑазглаÑениÑ,
ÑвелиÑÐ¸Ð²Ð°Ñ Ñаким обÑазом давление на "
"дÑÑгиÑ
лÑдей, ÑÑÐ¾Ð±Ñ Ð¾Ð½Ð¸ Ñоже пÑедавали
ÑвоиÑ
ÑобÑаÑÑев."
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"I could have made money this way, and perhaps amused myself writing code. "
"But I knew that at the end of my career, I would look back on years of "
@@ -346,7 +400,7 @@
"пÑоÑедÑие годÑ, в коÑоÑÑе Ñ ÑÑÑоил ÑÑенÑ,
ÑÑÐ¾Ð±Ñ ÑазобÑиÑÑ Ð»Ñдей, и оÑÑÑил, "
"ÑÑо Ñ Ð¿Ñовел ÑÐ²Ð¾Ñ Ð¶Ð¸Ð·Ð½Ñ, Ð´ÐµÐ»Ð°Ñ Ð¼Ð¸Ñ Ñ
Ñже."
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"I had already experienced being on the receiving end of a nondisclosure "
"agreement, when someone refused to give me and the MIT AI Lab the source "
@@ -365,7 +419,7 @@
"ÑазозлилÑÑ, когда он оÑказалÑÑ Ð¿Ð¾Ð´ÐµÐ»Ð¸ÑÑÑÑ
Ñ Ð½Ð°Ð¼Ð¸; Ñ Ð½Ðµ мог вÑÑаÑÑ Ð½Ð° его "
"меÑÑо и делаÑÑ Ñо же Ñамое
в оÑноÑении вÑеÑ
дÑÑгиÑ
."
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"Another choice, straightforward but unpleasant, was to leave the computer "
"field. That way my skills would not be misused, but they would still be "
@@ -377,7 +431,7 @@
"но они Ð±Ñ Ð²Ñе-Ñаки пÑопали впÑÑÑÑÑ. Я не
бÑл Ð±Ñ Ð²Ð¸Ð½Ð¾Ð²ÐµÐ½ в ÑазобÑении и "
"огÑаниÑении полÑзоваÑелей компÑÑÑеÑов,
но Ñем не менее ÑÑо пÑоиÑÑ
одило бÑ."
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"So I looked for a way that a programmer could do something for the good. I "
"asked myself, was there a program or programs that I could write, so as to "
@@ -387,7 +441,7 @@
"ÑпÑоÑил ÑебÑ, не бÑло ли пÑогÑÐ°Ð¼Ð¼Ñ Ð¸Ð»Ð¸
пÑогÑамм, коÑоÑÑе Ñ Ð¼Ð¾Ð³ Ð±Ñ Ð½Ð°Ð¿Ð¸ÑаÑÑ Ñ "
"Ñем, ÑÑÐ¾Ð±Ñ ÑообÑеÑÑво Ð²Ð½Ð¾Ð²Ñ ÑÑало
возможнÑм."
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"The answer was clear: what was needed first was an operating system. That "
"is the crucial software for starting to use a computer. With an operating "
@@ -406,7 +460,24 @@
"лÑбой бÑл Ð±Ñ Ð² ÑоÑÑоÑнии полÑзоваÑÑÑÑ
компÑÑÑеÑом, не наÑÐ¸Ð½Ð°Ñ Ñ Ð·Ð°Ð³Ð¾Ð²Ð¾Ñа, "
"обездоливаÑÑего его дÑÑзей."
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
+# | As an operating system developer, I had the right skills for this job. So
+# | even though I could not take success for granted, I realized that I was
+# | elected to do the job. I chose to make the system compatible with Unix so
+# | that it would be portable, and so that Unix users could easily switch to
+# | it. The name GNU was chosen, following a hacker tradition, as a recursive
+# | acronym for “GNU's Not Unix.” It is pronounced as <a
+# | href=\"/gnu/pronunciation.html\">one syllable with a [-hard g</a>.-]
+# | {+hard <i>g</i></a>.+}
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "As an operating system developer, I had the right skills for this job. "
+#| "So even though I could not take success for granted, I realized that I "
+#| "was elected to do the job. I chose to make the system compatible with "
+#| "Unix so that it would be portable, and so that Unix users could easily "
+#| "switch to it. The name GNU was chosen, following a hacker tradition, as "
+#| "a recursive acronym for “GNU's Not Unix.” It is pronounced as "
+#| "<a href=\"/gnu/pronunciation.html\">one syllable with a hard g</a>."
msgid ""
"As an operating system developer, I had the right skills for this job. So "
"even though I could not take success for granted, I realized that I was "
@@ -414,7 +485,7 @@
"that it would be portable, and so that Unix users could easily switch to "
"it. The name GNU was chosen, following a hacker tradition, as a recursive "
"acronym for “GNU's Not Unix.” It is pronounced as <a href=\"/gnu/"
-"pronunciation.html\">one syllable with a hard g</a>."
+"pronunciation.html\">one syllable with a hard <i>g</i></a>."
msgstr ""
"У Ð¼ÐµÐ½Ñ ÐºÐ°Ðº Ñ ÑазÑабоÑÑика опеÑаÑионной
ÑиÑÑÐµÐ¼Ñ Ð±Ñли нÑжнÑе Ð´Ð»Ñ ÑÑой ÑабоÑÑ "
"навÑки. Так ÑÑо, Ñ
оÑÑ Ñ Ð¸ не мог ÑвеÑдо
ÑаÑÑÑиÑÑваÑÑ Ð½Ð° ÑÑпеÑ
, Ñ Ð¾Ñознавал, "
@@ -425,7 +496,7 @@
"не Unix” <a href=\"#tf3\">[3]</a>. Ðно
пÑоизноÑиÑÑÑ <a href=\"/"
"gnu/pronunciation.html\">одним Ñлогом Ñ ÑеÑким
“G”</a>."
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"An operating system does not mean just a kernel, barely enough to run other "
"programs. In the 1970s, every operating system worthy of the name included "
@@ -441,40 +512,37 @@
"Multics, они бÑли в VMS, они бÑли и в Unix. Ðни
бÑдÑÑ Ð¸ в опеÑаÑионной "
"ÑиÑÑеме GNU."
-#. type: Content of: <p>
-msgid "Later I heard these words, attributed to Hillel (1):"
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
+# | Later I heard these words, attributed to [-Hillel (1):-] {+Hillel <a
+# | href=\"#ft2\">[2]</a>:+}
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid "Later I heard these words, attributed to Hillel (1):"
+msgid ""
+"Later I heard these words, attributed to Hillel <a href=\"#ft2\">[2]</"
+"a>:"
msgstr "Ðозднее Ñ ÑÑлÑÑал Ñакие Ñлова,
пÑипиÑÑваемÑе ÐÐ¸Ð»Ð»ÐµÐ»Ñ (1):"
-#. type: Content of: <blockquote><p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><blockquote><p>
msgid "If I am not for myself, who will be for me?"
msgstr "ÐÑли Ñ Ð½Ðµ за ÑебÑ, кÑо бÑÐ´ÐµÑ Ð·Ð° менÑ?"
-#. type: Content of: <blockquote><p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><blockquote><p>
msgid "If I am only for myself, what am I?"
msgstr "ÐÑли Ñ ÑолÑко за ÑебÑ, кÑо Ñ Ñакой?"
-#. type: Content of: <blockquote><p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><blockquote><p>
msgid "If not now, when?"
msgstr "ÐÑли не ÑейÑаÑ, когда?"
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid "The decision to start the GNU Project was based on a similar spirit."
msgstr "РеÑение наÑаÑÑ Ð¿ÑÐ¾ÐµÐºÑ GNU бÑло оÑновано
на поÑ
ожем миÑооÑÑÑении."
-#. type: Content of: <p>
-msgid ""
-"(1) As an Atheist, I don't follow any religious leaders, but I sometimes "
-"find I admire something one of them has said."
-msgstr ""
-"(1) Ðак аÑеиÑÑ Ñ Ð½Ðµ ÑвлÑÑÑÑ Ð¿Ð¾ÑледоваÑелем
какиÑ
Ð±Ñ Ñо ни бÑло ÑелигиознÑÑ
"
-"лидеÑов, но иногда Ñ Ð¾Ð±Ð½Ð°ÑÑживаÑ, ÑÑо воÑÑ
иÑаÑÑÑ Ñем, ÑÑо Ñказал кÑо-нибÑÐ´Ñ "
-"из ниÑ
."
-
-#. type: Content of: <h3>
+#. type: Content of: <div><h3>
msgid "Free as in freedom"
msgstr "“СвободнÑй” Ð¾Ñ Ñлова
“Ñвобода”"
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"The term “free software” is sometimes misunderstood—it has "
"nothing to do with price. It is about freedom. Here, therefore, is the "
@@ -484,15 +552,15 @@
"— он не Ð¸Ð¼ÐµÐµÑ Ð½Ð¸ÐºÐ°ÐºÐ¾Ð³Ð¾ оÑноÑÐµÐ½Ð¸Ñ Ðº
ÑÑоимоÑÑи. Ðн оÑноÑиÑÑÑ Ðº Ñвободе. "
"Таким обÑазом, Ð²Ð¾Ñ Ð¾Ð¿Ñеделение Ñвободной
пÑогÑаммÑ."
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid "A program is free software, for you, a particular user, if:"
msgstr "ÐÑогÑамма Ñвободна Ð´Ð»Ñ Ð²Ð°Ñ,
конкÑеÑного полÑзоваÑелÑ, еÑли:"
-#. type: Content of: <ul><li>
+#. type: Content of: <div><ul><li>
msgid "You have the freedom to run the program as you wish, for any purpose."
msgstr "У Ð²Ð°Ñ ÐµÑÑÑ Ñвобода вÑполнÑÑÑ
пÑогÑаммÑ, как вам Ñгодно, в лÑбÑÑ
ÑелÑÑ
."
-#. type: Content of: <ul><li>
+#. type: Content of: <div><ul><li>
msgid ""
"You have the freedom to modify the program to suit your needs. (To make "
"this freedom effective in practice, you must have access to the source code, "
@@ -504,12 +572,12 @@
"поÑколÑÐºÑ Ð²Ð½Ð¾ÑиÑÑ Ð¸Ð·Ð¼ÐµÐ½ÐµÐ½Ð¸Ñ Ð² пÑогÑаммÑ
без иÑÑ
одного ÑекÑÑа ÑÑезвÑÑайно "
"ÑÑÑдно.)"
-#. type: Content of: <ul><li>
+#. type: Content of: <div><ul><li>
msgid ""
"You have the freedom to redistribute copies, either gratis or for a fee."
msgstr "У Ð²Ð°Ñ ÐµÑÑÑ Ñвобода пеÑеÑаÑпÑоÑÑÑанÑÑÑ
копии, беÑплаÑно или за денÑги."
-#. type: Content of: <ul><li>
+#. type: Content of: <div><ul><li>
msgid ""
"You have the freedom to distribute modified versions of the program, so that "
"the community can benefit from your improvements."
@@ -517,7 +585,7 @@
"У Ð²Ð°Ñ ÐµÑÑÑ Ñвобода ÑаÑпÑоÑÑÑанÑÑÑ
измененнÑе веÑÑии пÑогÑÐ°Ð¼Ð¼Ñ Ñак, ÑÑÐ¾Ð±Ñ "
"ÑообÑеÑÑво могло полÑÑаÑÑ Ð¿Ð¾Ð»ÑÐ·Ñ Ð¾Ñ Ð²Ð°ÑиÑ
ÑлÑÑÑений."
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"Since “free” refers to freedom, not to price, there is no "
"contradiction between selling copies and free software. In fact, the "
@@ -534,14 +602,34 @@
"Таким обÑазом, пÑогÑамма, коÑоÑÑÑ Ð»Ñди не
волÑÐ½Ñ Ð²ÐºÐ»ÑÑаÑÑ Ð² ÑÑи ÑбоÑники, не "
"ÑвлÑеÑÑÑ Ñвободной."
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
+# | Because of the ambiguity of [-“free”,-]
+# | {+“free,”+} people have long looked for alternatives, but no
+# | one has found a better term. The English language has more words and
+# | nuances than any other, but it lacks a simple, unambiguous, word that
+# | means [-“free”,-] {+“free,”+} as in
+# | freedom—“unfettered” being the word that comes closest
+# | in meaning. Such alternatives as [-“liberated”,
+# | “freedom”,-] {+“liberated,”
+# | “freedom,”+} and “open” have either the wrong
+# | meaning or some other disadvantage.
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "Because of the ambiguity of “free”, people have long looked "
+#| "for alternatives, but no one has found a better term. The English "
+#| "language has more words and nuances than any other, but it lacks a "
+#| "simple, unambiguous, word that means “free”, as in "
+#| "freedom—“unfettered” being the word that comes closest "
+#| "in meaning. Such alternatives as “liberated”, “"
+#| "freedom”, and “open” have either the wrong meaning or "
+#| "some other disadvantage."
msgid ""
-"Because of the ambiguity of “free”, people have long looked for "
+"Because of the ambiguity of “free,” people have long looked for "
"alternatives, but no one has found a better term. The English language has "
"more words and nuances than any other, but it lacks a simple, unambiguous, "
-"word that means “free”, as in freedom—“"
+"word that means “free,” as in freedom—“"
"unfettered” being the word that comes closest in meaning. Such "
-"alternatives as “liberated”, “freedom”, and “"
+"alternatives as “liberated,” “freedom,” and “"
"open” have either the wrong meaning or some other disadvantage."
msgstr ""
"ÐеоднознаÑноÑÑÑ Ñлова “ÑвободнÑй”
пÑивела к долгим поиÑкам "
@@ -554,11 +642,11 @@
"Ñвободє) и “оÑкÑÑÑÑй”, имеÑÑ Ð»Ð¸Ð±Ð¾
невеÑное знаÑение, либо "
"какой-Ñо дÑÑгой недоÑÑаÑок."
-#. type: Content of: <h3>
+#. type: Content of: <div><h3>
msgid "GNU software and the GNU system"
msgstr "ÐÑогÑÐ°Ð¼Ð¼Ñ GNU и ÑиÑÑема GNU"
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"Developing a whole system is a very large project. To bring it into reach, "
"I decided to adapt and use existing pieces of free software wherever that "
@@ -573,7 +661,7 @@
"неÑколÑко Ð»ÐµÑ Ñ ÑеÑил воÑполÑзоваÑÑÑÑ
ÑиÑÑемой X Window вмеÑÑо Ñого, "
"ÑÑÐ¾Ð±Ñ Ð¿Ð¸ÑаÑÑ ÐµÑе Ð¾Ð´Ð½Ñ Ð¾ÐºÐ¾Ð½Ð½ÑÑ ÑиÑÑÐµÐ¼Ñ Ð´Ð»Ñ
GNU."
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"Because of these decisions, and others like them, the GNU system is not the "
"same as the collection of all GNU software. The GNU system includes "
@@ -587,11 +675,11 @@
"коÑоÑÑе ÑазÑабоÑÐ°Ð½Ñ Ð´ÑÑгими лÑдÑми и
пÑоекÑами в иÑ
ÑобÑÑвеннÑÑ
ÑелÑÑ
, но "
"коÑоÑÑми Ð¼Ñ Ð¼Ð¾Ð¶ÐµÐ¼ воÑполÑзоваÑÑÑÑ, поÑомÑ
ÑÑо они ÑвободнÑ."
-#. type: Content of: <h3>
+#. type: Content of: <div><h3>
msgid "Commencing the project"
msgstr "ÐаÑало пÑоекÑа"
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"In January 1984 I quit my job at MIT and began writing GNU software. "
"Leaving MIT was necessary so that MIT would not be able to interfere with "
@@ -611,7 +699,7 @@
"ÑÑÐ°Ð½ÐµÑ Ð±ÐµÑполезной Ð´Ð»Ñ Ñого, Ñади Ñего она
заÑевалаÑÑ — ÑÐ¾Ð·Ð´Ð°Ð½Ð¸Ñ "
"нового ÑообÑеÑÑва обмена пÑогÑаммами."
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"However, Professor Winston, then the head of the MIT AI Lab, kindly invited "
"me to keep using the lab's facilities."
@@ -619,15 +707,29 @@
"Ðднако пÑоÑеÑÑÐ¾Ñ Ð£Ð¸Ð½ÑÑон, ÑогдаÑний
ÑÑководиÑÐµÐ»Ñ ÐÐÐ, лÑбезно пÑиглаÑил Ð¼ÐµÐ½Ñ "
"пÑодолжаÑÑ Ð¿Ð¾Ð»ÑзоваÑÑÑÑ ÑеÑÑÑÑами
лабоÑаÑоÑии."
-#. type: Content of: <h3>
+#. type: Content of: <div><h3>
msgid "The first steps"
msgstr "ÐеÑвÑе Ñаги"
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
+# | Shortly before beginning the GNU Project, I heard about the Free
+# | University Compiler Kit, also known as VUCK. (The Dutch word for
+# | “free” is written with a [-<em>v</em>.)-] {+<i>v</i>.)+} This
+# | was a compiler designed to handle multiple languages, including C and
+# | Pascal, and to support multiple target machines. I wrote to its author
+# | asking if GNU could use it.
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "Shortly before beginning the GNU Project, I heard about the Free "
+#| "University Compiler Kit, also known as VUCK. (The Dutch word for “"
+#| "free” is written with a <em>v</em>.) This was a compiler designed "
+#| "to handle multiple languages, including C and Pascal, and to support "
+#| "multiple target machines. I wrote to its author asking if GNU could use "
+#| "it."
msgid ""
"Shortly before beginning the GNU Project, I heard about the Free University "
"Compiler Kit, also known as VUCK. (The Dutch word for “free” is "
-"written with a <em>v</em>.) This was a compiler designed to handle multiple "
+"written with a <i>v</i>.) This was a compiler designed to handle multiple "
"languages, including C and Pascal, and to support multiple target machines. "
"I wrote to its author asking if GNU could use it."
msgstr ""
@@ -639,7 +741,7 @@
"Я напиÑал его авÑоÑÑ Ð¸ ÑпÑоÑил, не Ð¼Ð¾Ð¶ÐµÑ Ð»Ð¸
GNU воÑполÑзоваÑÑÑÑ ÑÑим "
"компилÑÑоÑом."
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"He responded derisively, stating that the university was free but the "
"compiler was not. I therefore decided that my first program for the GNU "
@@ -649,7 +751,7 @@
"— неÑ. Таким обÑазом, Ñ ÑеÑил, ÑÑо моей
пеÑвой пÑогÑаммой Ð´Ð»Ñ Ð¿ÑоекÑа "
"GNU ÑÑÐ°Ð½ÐµÑ Ð¼Ð½Ð¾Ð³Ð¾ÑзÑÑнÑй
многоплаÑÑоÑменнÑй компилÑÑоÑ."
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"Hoping to avoid the need to write the whole compiler myself, I obtained the "
"source code for the Pastel compiler, which was a multiplatform compiler "
@@ -669,11 +771,31 @@
"бÑоÑиÑÑ ÑÑо, когда Ñ Ð¾Ð±Ð½Ð°ÑÑжил, ÑÑо
компилÑÑоÑÑ ÑÑебÑеÑÑÑ Ð¼Ð½Ð¾Ð³Ð¾ Ð¼ÐµÐ³Ð°Ð±Ð°Ð¹Ñ "
"ÑÑекового пÑоÑÑÑанÑÑва, а доÑÑÑпнаÑ
ÑиÑÑема Unix 68000 допÑÑкала ÑолÑко 64k."
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
+# | I then realized that the Pastel compiler functioned by parsing the entire
+# | input file into a syntax tree, converting the whole syntax tree into a
+# | chain of [-“instructions”,-] {+“instructions,”+}
+# | and then generating the whole output file, without ever freeing any
+# | storage. At this point, I concluded I would have to write a new compiler
+# | from scratch. That new compiler is now known as <abbr title=\"GNU
+# | Compiler Collection\">GCC</abbr>; none of the Pastel compiler is used in
+# | it, but I managed to adapt and use the C front end that I had written.
+# | But that was some years later; first, I worked on GNU Emacs.
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "I then realized that the Pastel compiler functioned by parsing the entire "
+#| "input file into a syntax tree, converting the whole syntax tree into a "
+#| "chain of “instructions”, and then generating the whole output "
+#| "file, without ever freeing any storage. At this point, I concluded I "
+#| "would have to write a new compiler from scratch. That new compiler is "
+#| "now known as <abbr title=\"GNU Compiler Collection\">GCC</abbr>; none of "
+#| "the Pastel compiler is used in it, but I managed to adapt and use the C "
+#| "front end that I had written. But that was some years later; first, I "
+#| "worked on GNU Emacs."
msgid ""
"I then realized that the Pastel compiler functioned by parsing the entire "
"input file into a syntax tree, converting the whole syntax tree into a chain "
-"of “instructions”, and then generating the whole output file, "
+"of “instructions,” and then generating the whole output file, "
"without ever freeing any storage. At this point, I concluded I would have "
"to write a new compiler from scratch. That new compiler is now known as "
"<abbr title=\"GNU Compiler Collection\">GCC</abbr>; none of the Pastel "
@@ -690,11 +812,11 @@
"пÑедобÑабоÑÑик Си, коÑоÑÑй Ñ Ð½Ð°Ð¿Ð¸Ñал. Ðо
ÑÑо пÑоизоÑло неÑколÑко Ð»ÐµÑ ÑпÑÑÑÑ; "
"ÑнаÑала Ñ ÑабоÑал над GNU Emacs."
-#. type: Content of: <h3>
+#. type: Content of: <div><h3>
msgid "GNU Emacs"
msgstr "GNU Emacs"
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"I began work on GNU Emacs in September 1984, and in early 1985 it was "
"beginning to be usable. This enabled me to begin using Unix systems to do "
@@ -707,7 +829,7 @@
"полÑÐ·Ð¾Ð²Ð°Ð½Ð¸Ñ vi или ed мне бÑло не инÑеÑеÑно,
до ÑÑого Ñ Ð¿Ñоводил "
"ÑедакÑиÑование на дÑÑгиÑ
видаÑ
маÑин."
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"At this point, people began wanting to use GNU Emacs, which raised the "
"question of how to distribute it. Of course, I put it on the anonymous ftp "
@@ -727,7 +849,7 @@
"бÑли в ÐнÑеÑнеÑе и не могли полÑÑиÑÑ ÐºÐ¾Ð¿Ð¸Ñ
по ftp. ÐÑак, вопÑÐ¾Ñ Ð±Ñл в Ñом, "
"ÑÑо мне им говоÑиÑÑ."
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"I could have said, “Find a friend who is on the net and who will make "
"a copy for you.” Or I could have done what I did with the original "
@@ -749,11 +871,11 @@
"к коммеÑÑеÑÐºÐ¾Ð¼Ñ ÑаÑпÑоÑÑÑанениÑ
ÑвободнÑÑ
пÑогÑамм, ÑÑавÑÐµÐ¼Ñ Ð¿ÑедÑеÑей "
"компаний, коÑоÑÑе в наÑи дни
ÑаÑпÑоÑÑÑанÑÑÑ ÑелÑе ÑиÑÑÐµÐ¼Ñ GNU/Linux."
-#. type: Content of: <h3>
+#. type: Content of: <div><h3>
msgid "Is a program free for every user?"
msgstr "ÐÐ»Ñ ÐºÐ°Ð¶Ð´Ð¾Ð³Ð¾ ли полÑзоваÑÐµÐ»Ñ Ð¿ÑогÑамма
Ñвободна?"
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"If a program is free software when it leaves the hands of its author, this "
"does not necessarily mean it will be free software for everyone who has a "
@@ -774,7 +896,7 @@
"под пÑоÑÑÑми неогÑаниÑиÑелÑнÑми
лиÑензиÑми, ÑÑо допÑÑÐºÐ°ÐµÑ Ð½ÐµÑвободнÑе "
"модиÑикаÑии."
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"The paradigmatic example of this problem is the X Window System. Developed "
"at MIT, and released as free software with a permissive license, it was soon "
@@ -789,11 +911,23 @@
"поÑÑавлÑÑ ÐµÐµ ÑолÑко в двоиÑном виде, и
ÑаÑпÑоÑÑÑанили на нее ÑÐ¾Ñ Ð¶Ðµ ÑамÑй "
"Ð´Ð¾Ð³Ð¾Ð²Ð¾Ñ Ð¾ неÑазглаÑении. ÐÑи копии X
бÑли не более ÑвободнÑ, Ñем Unix."
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
+# | The developers of the X Window System did not consider this a
+# | problem—they expected and intended this to happen. Their goal was
+# | not freedom, just [-“success”,-] {+“success,”+}
+# | defined as “having many users.” They did not care whether
+# | these users had freedom, only that they should be numerous.
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "The developers of the X Window System did not consider this a "
+#| "problem—they expected and intended this to happen. Their goal was "
+#| "not freedom, just “success”, defined as “having many "
+#| "users.” They did not care whether these users had freedom, only "
+#| "that they should be numerous."
msgid ""
"The developers of the X Window System did not consider this a problem—"
"they expected and intended this to happen. Their goal was not freedom, just "
-"“success”, defined as “having many users.” They did "
+"“success,” defined as “having many users.” They did "
"not care whether these users had freedom, only that they should be numerous."
msgstr ""
"РазÑабоÑÑики ÑиÑÑÐµÐ¼Ñ X Window не ÑÑиÑали
ÑÑо пÑоблемой — они "
@@ -802,7 +936,7 @@
"полÑзоваÑелей”. Ðм бÑло вÑе Ñавно, еÑÑÑ
ли Ñ ÑÑиÑ
полÑзоваÑелей "
"Ñвобода; они забоÑилиÑÑ ÑолÑко о Ñом,
ÑÑÐ¾Ð±Ñ Ð¿Ð¾Ð»ÑзоваÑели бÑли многоÑиÑленнÑ."
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"This led to a paradoxical situation where two different ways of counting the "
"amount of freedom gave different answers to the question, “Is this "
@@ -820,23 +954,34 @@
"неÑвободна. ÐолÑÑинÑÑво полÑзоваÑелей X
ÑабоÑало Ñ Ð½ÐµÑвободнÑми веÑÑиÑми, "
"поÑÑавлÑемÑми Ñ ÑиÑÑемами Unix, а не Ñо
Ñвободной веÑÑией."
-#. type: Content of: <h3>
+#. type: Content of: <div><h3>
msgid "Copyleft and the GNU GPL"
msgstr "ÐвÑоÑÑкое лево и GNU GPL"
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
+# | The goal of GNU was to give users freedom, not just to be popular. So we
+# | needed to use distribution terms that would prevent GNU software from
+# | being turned into proprietary software. The method we use is called
+# | [-“copyleft”.(1)-] {+“copyleft” <a
+# | href=\"#ft3\">[3]</a>.+}
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "The goal of GNU was to give users freedom, not just to be popular. So we "
+#| "needed to use distribution terms that would prevent GNU software from "
+#| "being turned into proprietary software. The method we use is called "
+#| "“copyleft”.(1)"
msgid ""
"The goal of GNU was to give users freedom, not just to be popular. So we "
"needed to use distribution terms that would prevent GNU software from being "
"turned into proprietary software. The method we use is called “"
-"copyleft”.(1)"
+"copyleft” <a href=\"#ft3\">[3]</a>."
msgstr ""
"ЦелÑÑ GNU бÑло даÑÑ Ð¿Ð¾Ð»ÑзоваÑелÑм ÑвободÑ,
а не пÑоÑÑо бÑÑÑ Ð¿Ð¾Ð¿ÑлÑÑной. "
"ÐоÑÑÐ¾Ð¼Ñ Ð½Ð°Ð¼ нÑжно бÑло пÑименÑÑÑ ÑÑловиÑ
ÑаÑпÑоÑÑÑанениÑ, коÑоÑÑе "
"пÑедоÑвÑаÑили Ð±Ñ Ð¾Ð±ÑаÑение пÑогÑамм GNU в
неÑвободнÑе пÑогÑаммÑ. ÐеÑод, "
"коÑоÑÑм Ð¼Ñ Ð¿Ð¾Ð»ÑзÑемÑÑ, назÑваеÑÑÑ
“авÑоÑÑким левом”.(1)"
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"Copyleft uses copyright law, but flips it over to serve the opposite of its "
"usual purpose: instead of a means for restricting a program, it becomes a "
@@ -847,7 +992,7 @@
"вмеÑÑо Ñого, ÑÑÐ¾Ð±Ñ Ð±ÑÑÑ ÑÑедÑÑвом
огÑаниÑÐµÐ½Ð¸Ñ Ð¿ÑогÑаммÑ, оно ÑÑановиÑÑÑ "
"ÑÑедÑÑвом ÑоÑ
ÑÐ°Ð½ÐµÐ½Ð¸Ñ ÑÐ²Ð¾Ð±Ð¾Ð´Ñ Ð¿ÑогÑаммÑ."
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"The central idea of copyleft is that we give everyone permission to run the "
"program, copy the program, modify the program, and distribute modified "
@@ -862,7 +1007,7 @@
"опÑеделÑÑÑие “ÑвободнÑÑ Ð¿ÑогÑаммє,
гаÑанÑиÑÐ¾Ð²Ð°Ð½Ñ Ð´Ð»Ñ ÐºÐ°Ð¶Ð´Ð¾Ð³Ð¾, Ñ "
"кого еÑÑÑ ÐºÐ¾Ð¿Ð¸Ñ; они ÑÑановÑÑÑÑ
неоÑÑÑждаемÑми пÑавами."
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"For an effective copyleft, modified versions must also be free. This "
"ensures that work based on ours becomes available to our community if it is "
@@ -879,7 +1024,7 @@
"обмениваÑÑÑÑ ÑÑими изменениÑми, поÑомÑ
ÑÑо Ð¼Ñ ÑобиÑаемÑÑ Ð²Ð¾ÑполÑзоваÑÑÑÑ "
"ими, ÑÑÐ¾Ð±Ñ ÑделаÑÑ ÑÐ²Ð¾Ñ Ð½ÐµÑвободнÑÑ
веÑÑÐ¸Ñ ÑÑой пÑогÑаммє."
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"The requirement that changes must be free is essential if we want to ensure "
"freedom for every user of the program. The companies that privatized the X "
@@ -896,7 +1041,7 @@
"ÐÑли Ð±Ñ Ð²Ð½ÐµÑение изменений опÑавдÑвало
оÑказ полÑзоваÑелÑм в Ñвободе, лÑÐ±Ð¾Ð¼Ñ "
"бÑло Ð±Ñ Ð»ÐµÐ³ÐºÐ¾ воÑполÑзоваÑÑÑÑ ÑÑим
опÑавданием."
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"A related issue concerns combining a free program with nonfree code. Such a "
"combination would inevitably be nonfree; whichever freedoms are lacking for "
@@ -916,13 +1061,27 @@
"бÑÑÑ Ñаким, ÑÑÐ¾Ð±Ñ Ð±Ð¾Ð»ÐµÐµ кÑÑпнаÑ
комбиниÑÐ¾Ð²Ð°Ð½Ð½Ð°Ñ Ð²ÐµÑÑÐ¸Ñ Ñакже бÑла
Ñвободной "
"и ÑÑÐ¾Ð±Ñ Ð½Ð° нее ÑаÑпÑоÑÑÑанÑлоÑÑ Ð°Ð²ÑоÑÑкое
лево."
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
+# | The specific implementation of copyleft that we use for most GNU software
+# | is the GNU General Public License, or GNU GPL for short. We have other
+# | kinds of copyleft that are used in specific circumstances. GNU manuals
+# | are copylefted also, but use a much simpler kind of copyleft, because the
+# | complexity of the GNU GPL is not necessary for [-manuals.(2)-]
+# | {+manuals. <a href=\"#ft4\">[4]</a>+}
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "The specific implementation of copyleft that we use for most GNU software "
+#| "is the GNU General Public License, or GNU GPL for short. We have other "
+#| "kinds of copyleft that are used in specific circumstances. GNU manuals "
+#| "are copylefted also, but use a much simpler kind of copyleft, because the "
+#| "complexity of the GNU GPL is not necessary for manuals.(2)"
msgid ""
"The specific implementation of copyleft that we use for most GNU software is "
"the GNU General Public License, or GNU GPL for short. We have other kinds "
"of copyleft that are used in specific circumstances. GNU manuals are "
"copylefted also, but use a much simpler kind of copyleft, because the "
-"complexity of the GNU GPL is not necessary for manuals.(2)"
+"complexity of the GNU GPL is not necessary for manuals. <a href="
+"\"#ft4\">[4]</a>"
msgstr ""
"ÐонкÑеÑÐ½Ð°Ñ ÑеализаÑÐ¸Ñ Ð°Ð²ÑоÑÑкого лева,
коÑоÑÑÑ Ð¼Ñ Ð¿ÑименÑем в болÑÑинÑÑве "
"пÑогÑамм GNU — ÑÑо СÑандаÑÑнаÑ
обÑеÑÑÐ²ÐµÐ½Ð½Ð°Ñ Ð»Ð¸ÑÐµÐ½Ð·Ð¸Ñ GNU, или "
@@ -931,38 +1090,34 @@
"левом, но Ð¼Ñ Ð¿Ð¾Ð»ÑзÑемÑÑ Ð³Ð¾Ñаздо более
пÑоÑÑÑм видом авÑоÑÑкого лева, поÑÐ¾Ð¼Ñ "
"ÑÑо Ð´Ð»Ñ ÑÑководÑÑв не ÑÑебÑеÑÑÑ Ð²ÑÑ
ÑложноÑÑÑ GNU GPL.(2)"
-#. type: Content of: <p>
-msgid ""
-"(1) In 1984 or 1985, Don Hopkins (a very imaginative fellow) mailed me a "
-"letter. On the envelope he had written several amusing sayings, including "
-"this one: “Copyleft—all rights reversed.” I used the word "
-"“copyleft” to name the distribution concept I was developing at "
-"the time."
-msgstr ""
-"(1) Ð 1984 или 1985 Ð³Ð¾Ð´Ñ Ðон Ð¥Ð¾Ð¿ÐºÐ¸Ð½Ñ (малÑй Ñ
богаÑÑм вообÑажением) "
-"пÑиÑлал мне пиÑÑмо. Ðа конвеÑÑе он напиÑал
неÑколÑко забавнÑÑ
изÑеÑений, в "
-"Ñом ÑиÑле Ñакое: “ÐвÑоÑÑкое лево —
вÑе пÑава "
-"заÑевеÑÑиÑованє. Я воÑполÑзовалÑÑ
вÑÑажением “авÑоÑÑкое "
-"лево” в каÑеÑÑве Ð½Ð°Ð·Ð²Ð°Ð½Ð¸Ñ ÐºÐ¾Ð½ÑепÑии
ÑаÑпÑоÑÑÑанениÑ, над коÑоÑой Ñ Ð² "
-"Ñо вÑÐµÐ¼Ñ ÑабоÑал."
-
-#. type: Content of: <p>
-msgid ""
-"(2) We now use the <a href=\"/licenses/fdl.html\">GNU Free Documentation "
-"License</a> for documentation."
-msgstr ""
-"(2) СейÑÐ°Ñ Ð´Ð»Ñ Ð´Ð¾ÐºÑменÑаÑии Ð¼Ñ Ð¿Ð¾Ð»ÑзÑемÑÑ <a
href=\"/licenses/fdl.html\"> "
-"ÐиÑензией Ñвободной докÑменÑаÑии GNU</a>."
-
-#. type: Content of: <h3>
+#. type: Content of: <div><h3>
msgid "The Free Software Foundation"
msgstr "Фонд Ñвободного пÑогÑаммного
обеÑпеÑениÑ"
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
+# | As interest in using Emacs was growing, other people became involved in
+# | the GNU project, and we decided that it was time to seek funding once
+# | again. So in 1985 we created the <a
+# | href=\"http{+s+}://www.fsf.org/\">Free Software Foundation</a> (FSF), a
+# | tax-exempt charity for free software development. The <abbr title=\"Free
+# | Software Foundation\">FSF</abbr> also took over the Emacs tape
+# | distribution business; later it extended this by adding other free
+# | software (both GNU and non-GNU) to the tape, and by selling free manuals
+# | as well.
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "As interest in using Emacs was growing, other people became involved in "
+#| "the GNU project, and we decided that it was time to seek funding once "
+#| "again. So in 1985 we created the <a href=\"http://www.fsf.org/\";>Free "
+#| "Software Foundation</a> (FSF), a tax-exempt charity for free software "
+#| "development. The <abbr title=\"Free Software Foundation\">FSF</abbr> "
+#| "also took over the Emacs tape distribution business; later it extended "
+#| "this by adding other free software (both GNU and non-GNU) to the tape, "
+#| "and by selling free manuals as well."
msgid ""
"As interest in using Emacs was growing, other people became involved in the "
"GNU project, and we decided that it was time to seek funding once again. So "
-"in 1985 we created the <a href=\"http://www.fsf.org/\";>Free Software "
+"in 1985 we created the <a href=\"https://www.fsf.org/\";>Free Software "
"Foundation</a> (FSF), a tax-exempt charity for free software development. "
"The <abbr title=\"Free Software Foundation\">FSF</abbr> also took over the "
"Emacs tape distribution business; later it extended this by adding other "
@@ -979,16 +1134,37 @@
"ÑвободнÑÑ
пÑогÑамм (как GNU, Ñак и неGNU), а
Ñакже пÑодажей ÑвободнÑÑ
"
"ÑÑководÑÑв."
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
+# | Most of the FSF's income used to come from sales of copies of free
+# | software and of other related services (CD-ROMs of source code, CD-ROMs
+# | with binaries, nicely printed manuals, all with the freedom to
+# | redistribute and modify), and Deluxe Distributions (distributions for
+# | which we built the whole collection of software for the customer's choice
+# | of platform). Today the FSF still <a href=\"http{+s+}://shop.fsf.org/\">
+# | sells manuals and other gear</a>, but it gets the bulk of its funding from
+# | members' dues. You can join the FSF at <a
+# | [-href=\"http://fsf.org/join\";>fsf.org</a>.-]
+# | {+href=\"https://my.fsf.org/join\";>fsf.org</a>.+}
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "Most of the FSF's income used to come from sales of copies of free "
+#| "software and of other related services (CD-ROMs of source code, CD-ROMs "
+#| "with binaries, nicely printed manuals, all with the freedom to "
+#| "redistribute and modify), and Deluxe Distributions (distributions for "
+#| "which we built the whole collection of software for the customer's choice "
+#| "of platform). Today the FSF still <a href=\"http://shop.fsf.org/\";> "
+#| "sells manuals and other gear</a>, but it gets the bulk of its funding "
+#| "from members' dues. You can join the FSF at <a href=\"http://fsf.org/join";
+#| "\">fsf.org</a>."
msgid ""
"Most of the FSF's income used to come from sales of copies of free software "
"and of other related services (CD-ROMs of source code, CD-ROMs with "
"binaries, nicely printed manuals, all with the freedom to redistribute and "
"modify), and Deluxe Distributions (distributions for which we built the "
"whole collection of software for the customer's choice of platform). Today "
-"the FSF still <a href=\"http://shop.fsf.org/\";> sells manuals and other "
+"the FSF still <a href=\"https://shop.fsf.org/\";> sells manuals and other "
"gear</a>, but it gets the bulk of its funding from members' dues. You can "
-"join the FSF at <a href=\"http://fsf.org/join\";>fsf.org</a>."
+"join the FSF at <a href=\"https://my.fsf.org/join\";>fsf.org</a>."
msgstr ""
"Ð Ñе вÑемена доÑ
од ФСÐÐ ÑоÑÑоÑл по болÑÑей
ÑаÑÑи из пÑибÑли Ð¾Ñ Ð¿Ñодажи копий "
"ÑвободнÑÑ
пÑогÑамм и дÑÑгиÑ
ÑвÑзаннÑÑ
Ñ
ÑÑим ÑÑлÑг (компакÑ-диÑков Ñ "
@@ -1001,7 +1177,24 @@
"полÑÑÐ°ÐµÑ Ð¸Ð· ÑленÑкиÑ
взноÑов. ÐÑ Ð¼Ð¾Ð¶ÐµÑе
пÑиÑоединиÑÑÑÑ Ðº ФСÐРна <a href="
"\"http://fsf.org/join\";>fsf.org</a>."
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
+# | Free Software Foundation employees have written and maintained a number of
+# | GNU software packages. Two notable ones are the C library and the shell.
+# | The GNU C library is what every program running on a GNU/Linux system uses
+# | to communicate with Linux. It was developed by a member of the Free
+# | Software Foundation staff, Roland McGrath. The shell used on most
+# | GNU/Linux systems is <abbr title=\"Bourne Again Shell\">BASH</abbr>, the
+# | Bourne Again [-Shell(1),-] {+SHell <a href=\"#ft5\">[5]</a>,+} which
+# | was developed by FSF employee Brian Fox.
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "Free Software Foundation employees have written and maintained a number "
+#| "of GNU software packages. Two notable ones are the C library and the "
+#| "shell. The GNU C library is what every program running on a GNU/Linux "
+#| "system uses to communicate with Linux. It was developed by a member of "
+#| "the Free Software Foundation staff, Roland McGrath. The shell used on "
+#| "most GNU/Linux systems is <abbr title=\"Bourne Again Shell\">BASH</abbr>, "
+#| "the Bourne Again Shell(1), which was developed by FSF employee Brian Fox."
msgid ""
"Free Software Foundation employees have written and maintained a number of "
"GNU software packages. Two notable ones are the C library and the shell. "
@@ -1009,7 +1202,8 @@
"to communicate with Linux. It was developed by a member of the Free "
"Software Foundation staff, Roland McGrath. The shell used on most GNU/Linux "
"systems is <abbr title=\"Bourne Again Shell\">BASH</abbr>, the Bourne Again "
-"Shell(1), which was developed by FSF employee Brian Fox."
+"SHell <a href=\"#ft5\">[5]</a>, which was developed by FSF employee "
+"Brian Fox."
msgstr ""
"СоÑÑÑдники Фонда Ñвободного пÑогÑаммного
обеÑпеÑÐµÐ½Ð¸Ñ Ð½Ð°Ð¿Ð¸Ñали и поддеÑживали "
"некоÑоÑое колиÑеÑÑво пакеÑов пÑогÑамм GNU.
Ðва из наиболее "
@@ -1022,7 +1216,7 @@
"ÐпÑÑÑ Ð¾Ð±Ð¾Ð»Ð¾Ñка ÐаÑÑна”(1),
ÑазÑабоÑаннÑй ÑоÑÑÑдником ФСÐÐ ÐÑайеном "
"ФокÑом."
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"We funded development of these programs because the GNU Project was not just "
"about tools or a development environment. Our goal was a complete operating "
@@ -1032,21 +1226,12 @@
"не ÑолÑко ÑÑедÑÑва или ÑÑеда ÑазÑабоÑки.
ÐаÑей ÑелÑÑ Ð±Ñла Ð¿Ð¾Ð»Ð½Ð°Ñ "
"опеÑаÑÐ¸Ð¾Ð½Ð½Ð°Ñ ÑиÑÑема, а ÑÑи пÑогÑаммÑ
бÑли нÑÐ¶Ð½Ñ Ð´Ð»Ñ Ð´Ð¾ÑÑÐ¸Ð¶ÐµÐ½Ð¸Ñ ÑÑой Ñели."
-#. type: Content of: <p>
-msgid ""
-"(1) “Bourne Again Shell” is a play on the name “Bourne "
-"Shell”, which was the usual shell on Unix."
-msgstr ""
-"(1) “ÐпÑÑÑ Ð¾Ð±Ð¾Ð»Ð¾Ñка ÐаÑÑна” —
игÑа Ñлов, поÑÑÑÐ¾ÐµÐ½Ð½Ð°Ñ "
-"на названии “ÐболоÑка
ÐаÑÑна” — Ñак назÑвали обÑÑнÑй "
-"в Unix команднÑй инÑеÑпÑеÑаÑоÑ."
-
# type: Attribute 'title' of: <link>
-#. type: Content of: <h3>
+#. type: Content of: <div><h3>
msgid "Free software support"
msgstr "ÐоддеÑжка ÑвободнÑÑ
пÑогÑамм"
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"The free software philosophy rejects a specific widespread business "
"practice, but it is not against business. When businesses respect the "
@@ -1056,7 +1241,7 @@
"ÑаÑпÑоÑÑÑаненнÑÑ Ð´ÐµÐ»Ð¾Ð²ÑÑ Ð¿ÑакÑикÑ, но она
не пÑоÑив пÑедпÑинимаÑелÑÑÑва. "
"Ðогда пÑедпÑиÑÑÐ¸Ñ ÑважаÑÑ ÑвободÑ
полÑзоваÑелей, Ð¼Ñ Ð¶ÐµÐ»Ð°ÐµÐ¼ им ÑÑпеÑ
а."
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"Selling copies of Emacs demonstrates one kind of free software business. "
"When the FSF took over that business, I needed another way to make a "
@@ -1073,7 +1258,7 @@
"Emacs, наÑÑÑойка GCC и ÑазÑабоÑка пÑогÑамм (по
болÑÑей ÑаÑÑи — "
"пеÑÐµÐ½Ð¾Ñ GCC на новÑе плаÑÑоÑмÑ)."
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"Today each of these kinds of free software business is practiced by a number "
"of corporations. Some distribute free software collections on CD-ROM; "
@@ -1089,14 +1274,33 @@
"занимаÑÑиеÑÑ ÑвободнÑми пÑогÑаммами,
оÑнованнÑе на вÑпÑÑке новÑÑ
ÑвободнÑÑ
"
"пÑогÑаммнÑÑ
пÑодÑкÑов."
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
+# | Watch out, though—a number of companies that associate themselves
+# | with the term “open source” actually base their business on
+# | nonfree software that works with free software. These are not free
+# | software companies, they are proprietary software companies whose products
+# | tempt users away from freedom. They call these programs
+# | “value-added [-packages”,-] {+packages,”+} which shows
+# | the values they would like us to adopt: convenience above freedom. If we
+# | value freedom more, we should call them “freedom-subtracted”
+# | packages.
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "Watch out, though—a number of companies that associate themselves "
+#| "with the term “open source” actually base their business on "
+#| "nonfree software that works with free software. These are not free "
+#| "software companies, they are proprietary software companies whose "
+#| "products tempt users away from freedom. They call these programs “"
+#| "value-added packages”, which shows the values they would like us to "
+#| "adopt: convenience above freedom. If we value freedom more, we should "
+#| "call them “freedom-subtracted” packages."
msgid ""
"Watch out, though—a number of companies that associate themselves with "
"the term “open source” actually base their business on nonfree "
"software that works with free software. These are not free software "
"companies, they are proprietary software companies whose products tempt "
"users away from freedom. They call these programs “value-added "
-"packages”, which shows the values they would like us to adopt: "
+"packages,” which shows the values they would like us to adopt: "
"convenience above freedom. If we value freedom more, we should call them "
"“freedom-subtracted” packages."
msgstr ""
@@ -1111,11 +1315,11 @@
"ÑÑвоиÑÑ: пÑиоÑиÑÐµÑ ÑдобÑÑва над Ñвободой.
ÐÑли Ð¼Ñ Ñеним ÑÐ²Ð¾Ð±Ð¾Ð´Ñ Ð±Ð¾Ð»ÑÑе, Ð¼Ñ "
"Ð´Ð¾Ð»Ð¶Ð½Ñ Ð½Ð°Ð·ÑваÑÑ ÑÑи пакеÑÑ “пакеÑами Ñ
деÑиÑиÑом Ñвободє."
-#. type: Content of: <h3>
+#. type: Content of: <div><h3>
msgid "Technical goals"
msgstr "ТеÑ
ниÑеÑкие Ñели"
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"The principal goal of GNU is to be free software. Even if GNU had no "
"technical advantage over Unix, it would have a social advantage, allowing "
@@ -1126,7 +1330,7 @@
"ÑоÑиалÑное пÑеимÑÑеÑÑво —
позволение полÑзоваÑелÑм ÑоÑÑÑдниÑаÑÑ, "
"и ÑÑиÑеÑкое пÑеимÑÑеÑÑво — Ñважение
ÑÐ²Ð¾Ð±Ð¾Ð´Ñ Ð¿Ð¾Ð»ÑзоваÑелÑ."
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"But it was natural to apply the known standards of good practice to the "
"work—for example, dynamically allocating data structures to avoid "
@@ -1138,7 +1342,7 @@
"ÑÑÐ¾Ð±Ñ Ð¸Ð·Ð±ÐµÐ¶Ð°ÑÑ Ð¿ÑоизволÑнÑÑ
ÑикÑиÑованнÑÑ
огÑаниÑений на ÑазмеÑ, или "
"обÑабоÑÐºÑ Ð²ÑеÑ
возможнÑÑ
8-ÑазÑÑднÑÑ
кодов везде, где ÑÑо Ð¸Ð¼ÐµÐµÑ ÑмÑÑл. "
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"In addition, we rejected the Unix focus on small memory size, by deciding "
"not to support 16-bit machines (it was clear that 32-bit machines would be "
@@ -1157,7 +1361,7 @@
"вÑ
одной Ñайл в памÑÑÑ, а поÑом ÑканиÑоваÑÑ
его ÑодеÑжимое, не беÑпокоÑÑÑ Ð¾ "
"вводе-вÑводе."
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"These decisions enabled many GNU programs to surpass their Unix counterparts "
"in reliability and speed."
@@ -1165,11 +1369,11 @@
"ÐлагодаÑÑ ÑÑим ÑеÑениÑм многие пÑогÑаммÑ
GNU Ñмогли пÑевзойÑи Ñвои аналоги "
"из Unix по надежноÑÑи и ÑкоÑоÑÑи."
-#. type: Content of: <h3>
+#. type: Content of: <div><h3>
msgid "Donated computers"
msgstr "ÐÑинеÑеннÑе в Ð´Ð°Ñ ÐºÐ¾Ð¼Ð¿ÑÑÑеÑÑ"
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"As the GNU Project's reputation grew, people began offering to donate "
"machines running Unix to the project. These were very useful, because the "
@@ -1184,7 +1388,7 @@
"возникла ÑÑиÑеÑÐºÐ°Ñ Ð¿Ñоблема: пÑавилÑно ли
бÑло, ÑÑо Ñ Ð½Ð°Ñ Ð²Ð¾Ð¾Ð±Ñе бÑла ÐºÐ¾Ð¿Ð¸Ñ "
"Unix."
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"Unix was (and is) proprietary software, and the GNU Project's philosophy "
"said that we should not use proprietary software. But, applying the same "
@@ -1200,7 +1404,7 @@
"кÑиÑиÑно Ð´Ð»Ñ ÑазÑабоÑки Ñвободной заменÑ,
коÑоÑÐ°Ñ Ð¿Ð¾Ð¼Ð¾Ð³Ð»Ð° Ð±Ñ Ð´ÑÑгим "
"пÑекÑаÑиÑÑ Ð¿Ð¾Ð»ÑзоваÑÑÑÑ ÑÑим неÑвободнÑм
пакеÑом."
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"But, even if this was a justifiable evil, it was still an evil. Today we no "
"longer have any copies of Unix, because we have replaced them with free "
@@ -1212,11 +1416,11 @@
"опеÑаÑионнÑе ÑиÑÑемÑ. ÐÑли Ð¼Ñ Ð½Ðµ могли
замениÑÑ Ð¾Ð¿ÐµÑаÑионнÑÑ ÑиÑÑÐµÐ¼Ñ Ð¼Ð°ÑÐ¸Ð½Ñ "
"на ÑвободнÑÑ, Ð¼Ñ Ð²Ð¼ÐµÑÑо ÑÑого заменÑли
маÑинÑ."
-#. type: Content of: <h3>
+#. type: Content of: <div><h3>
msgid "The GNU Task List"
msgstr "СпиÑок Ð·Ð°Ð´Ð°Ñ GNU"
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"As the GNU Project proceeded, and increasing numbers of system components "
"were found or developed, eventually it became useful to make a list of the "
@@ -1235,13 +1439,27 @@
"напиÑÐ°Ð½Ð¸Ñ Ð¿ÑогÑамм и докÑменÑаÑии,
коÑоÑÑе, как Ð¼Ñ Ð´Ñмали, обÑзана ÑодеÑжаÑÑ "
"по-наÑÑоÑÑÐµÐ¼Ñ Ð¿Ð¾Ð»Ð½Ð°Ñ ÑиÑÑема."
-#. type: Content of: <p>
-msgid ""
-"Today (1), hardly any Unix components are left in the GNU Task List—"
-"those jobs had been done, aside from a few inessential ones. But the list "
-"is full of projects that some might call “applications”. Any "
-"program that appeals to more than a narrow class of users would be a useful "
-"thing to add to an operating system."
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
+# | [-Today (1),-]{+Today <a href=\"#ft6\">[6]</a>,+} hardly any Unix
+# | components are left in the GNU Task List—those jobs had been done,
+# | aside from a few inessential ones. But the list is full of projects that
+# | some might call [-“applications”.-]
+# | {+“applications.”+} Any program that appeals to more than a
+# | narrow class of users would be a useful thing to add to an operating
+# | system.
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "Today (1), hardly any Unix components are left in the GNU Task List—"
+#| "those jobs had been done, aside from a few inessential ones. But the "
+#| "list is full of projects that some might call “"
+#| "applications”. Any program that appeals to more than a narrow "
+#| "class of users would be a useful thing to add to an operating system."
+msgid ""
+"Today <a href=\"#ft6\">[6]</a>, hardly any Unix components are left in "
+"the GNU Task List—those jobs had been done, aside from a few "
+"inessential ones. But the list is full of projects that some might call "
+"“applications.” Any program that appeals to more than a narrow "
+"class of users would be a useful thing to add to an operating system."
msgstr ""
"Ð¡ÐµÐ³Ð¾Ð´Ð½Ñ (1) в “СпиÑке Ð·Ð°Ð´Ð°Ñ GNU” едва ли
оÑÑалиÑÑ ÐºÐ°ÐºÐ¸Ðµ-нибÑÐ´Ñ "
"компоненÑÑ Unix — вÑе ÑÑи задаÑи бÑли
вÑполненÑ, кÑоме неÑколÑкиÑ
"
@@ -1249,7 +1467,7 @@
"“пÑиложениÑми”. ÐÑбÑÑ Ð¿ÑогÑаммÑ,
пÑивлекаÑелÑнÑÑ Ð±Ð¾Ð»ÐµÐµ, Ñем Ð´Ð»Ñ "
"Ñзкого клаÑÑа полÑзоваÑелей, бÑло бÑ
полезно добавиÑÑ Ðº опеÑаÑионной ÑиÑÑеме."
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"Even games are included in the task list—and have been since the "
"beginning. Unix included games, so naturally GNU should too. But "
@@ -1263,36 +1481,32 @@
"игÑ, коÑоÑÑе бÑли в Unix. ÐмеÑÑо ÑÑого мÑ
запиÑали ÑелÑй ÑпекÑÑ Ñазного Ñода "
"игÑ, коÑоÑÑе могли Ð±Ñ Ð¿Ð¾Ð½ÑавиÑÑÑÑ
полÑзоваÑелÑм."
-#. type: Content of: <p>
-msgid ""
-"(1) That was written in 1998. In 2009 we no longer maintain a long task "
-"list. The community develops free software so fast that we can't even keep "
-"track of it all. Instead, we have a list of High Priority Projects, a much "
-"shorter list of projects we really want to encourage people to write."
-msgstr ""
-"(1) ÐÑо бÑло напиÑано в 1998 годÑ. Ð
2009 Ð³Ð¾Ð´Ñ Ð¼Ñ Ð±Ð¾Ð»ÑÑе не "
-"поддеÑживаем длиннÑй ÑпиÑок задаÑ.
СообÑеÑÑво ÑазÑабаÑÑÐ²Ð°ÐµÑ ÑвободнÑе "
-"пÑогÑÐ°Ð¼Ð¼Ñ Ñак бÑÑÑÑо, ÑÑо Ð¼Ñ Ð½Ðµ можем даже
оÑÑлеживаÑÑ Ð¸Ñ
вÑе. ÐмеÑÑо ÑÑого "
-"Ñ Ð½Ð°Ñ ÐµÑÑÑ ÑпиÑок вÑÑокопÑиоÑиÑеÑнÑÑ
пÑоекÑов — гоÑаздо более "
-"коÑоÑкий ÑпиÑок пÑоекÑов, к оÑÑÑеÑÑвлениÑ
коÑоÑÑÑ
Ð¼Ñ Ñ
оÑим пооÑÑиÑÑ Ð»Ñдей "
-"пÑежде вÑего."
-
-#. type: Content of: <h3>
+#. type: Content of: <div><h3>
msgid "The GNU Library GPL"
msgstr "ÐиблиоÑеÑÐ½Ð°Ñ GNU GPL"
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
+# | The GNU C library uses a special kind of copyleft called the GNU Library
+# | General Public [-License(1),-] {+License <a href=\"#ft7\">[7]</a>,+}
+# | which gives permission to link proprietary software with the library. Why
+# | make this exception?
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "The GNU C library uses a special kind of copyleft called the GNU Library "
+#| "General Public License(1), which gives permission to link proprietary "
+#| "software with the library. Why make this exception?"
msgid ""
"The GNU C library uses a special kind of copyleft called the GNU Library "
-"General Public License(1), which gives permission to link proprietary "
-"software with the library. Why make this exception?"
+"General Public License <a href=\"#ft7\">[7]</a>, which gives "
+"permission to link proprietary software with the library. Why make this "
+"exception?"
msgstr ""
"ÐÐ»Ñ Ð±Ð¸Ð±Ð»Ð¸Ð¾Ñеки Си GNU иÑполÑзована оÑобаÑ
ÑазновидноÑÑÑ Ð°Ð²ÑоÑÑкого лева, "
"Ð½Ð°Ð·Ð²Ð°Ð½Ð½Ð°Ñ ÐиблиоÑеÑной ÑÑандаÑÑной
обÑеÑÑвенной лиÑензией GNU (1), "
"коÑоÑÐ°Ñ Ð´Ð°ÐµÑ ÑазÑеÑение компоноваÑÑ Ñ
ÑÑой библиоÑекой неÑвободнÑе "
"пÑогÑаммÑ. ÐаÑем бÑло Ñделано ÑÑо
иÑклÑÑение?"
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"It is not a matter of principle; there is no principle that says proprietary "
"software products are entitled to include our code. (Why contribute to a "
@@ -1305,7 +1519,7 @@
"ÐÑименение LGPL Ð´Ð»Ñ Ð±Ð¸Ð±Ð»Ð¸Ð¾Ñеки Си или длÑ
лÑбой дÑÑгой библиоÑеки "
"— вопÑÐ¾Ñ ÑÑÑаÑегии."
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"The C library does a generic job; every proprietary system or compiler comes "
"with a C library. Therefore, to make our C library available only to free "
@@ -1318,7 +1532,7 @@
"пÑедоÑÑавило Ð±Ñ ÑвободнÑм пÑогÑаммам
никакого пÑеимÑÑеÑÑва — ÑÑо "
"ÑолÑко Ñоздало Ð±Ñ ÑÑимÑл не полÑзоваÑÑÑÑ
наÑей библиоÑекой."
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"One system is an exception to this: on the GNU system (and this includes GNU/"
"Linux), the GNU C library is the only C library. So the distribution terms "
@@ -1339,7 +1553,7 @@
"пÑименение ÐиблиоÑеÑной GPL — Ñ
оÑоÑее
ÑÑÑаÑегиÑеÑкое ÑеÑение Ð´Ð»Ñ "
"библиоÑеки Си."
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"For other libraries, the strategic decision needs to be considered on a case-"
"by-case basis. When a library does a special job that can help write "
@@ -1354,7 +1568,7 @@
"помоÑÑ ÑазÑабоÑÑикам дÑÑгиÑ
ÑвободнÑÑ
пÑогÑамм, Ð´Ð°Ð²Ð°Ñ Ð¸Ð¼ пÑеимÑÑеÑÑво пеÑед "
"неÑвободнÑм пÑогÑаммнÑм обеÑпеÑением."
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"Consider GNU Readline, a library that was developed to provide command-line "
"editing for BASH. Readline is released under the ordinary GNU GPL, not the "
@@ -1370,7 +1584,7 @@
"пÑиложение Ñделали Ñвободной пÑогÑаммой
именно Ð´Ð»Ñ Ñого, ÑÑÐ¾Ð±Ñ Ð¾Ð½Ð¾ могло "
"иÑполÑзоваÑÑ Readline, а ÑÑо ÑеалÑнÑй вÑигÑÑÑ
Ð´Ð»Ñ ÑообÑеÑÑва."
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"Proprietary software developers have the advantages money provides; free "
"software developers need to make advantages for each other. I hope some day "
@@ -1387,24 +1601,11 @@
"ÑÑÑоиÑелÑнÑÑ
блоков Ð´Ð»Ñ Ð½Ð¾Ð²ÑÑ
ÑвободнÑÑ
пÑогÑамм, дополнÑÑÑÑÑ Ð¸ Ñо вÑеменем "
"ÑÑÐ°Ð½ÐµÑ ÑеÑÑезнÑм ÑÑÑагом Ð´Ð»Ñ Ð´Ð°Ð»ÑнейÑего
ÑазвиÑÐ¸Ñ ÑвободнÑÑ
пÑогÑамм."
-#. type: Content of: <p>
-msgid ""
-"(1) This license is now called the GNU Lesser General Public License, to "
-"avoid giving the idea that all libraries ought to use it. See <a href=\"/"
-"philosophy/why-not-lgpl.html\">Why you shouldn't use the Lesser GPL for your "
-"next library</a> for more information."
-msgstr ""
-"(1) ÐÑа лиÑÐµÐ½Ð·Ð¸Ñ ÑейÑÐ°Ñ Ð½Ð°Ð·ÑваеÑÑÑ ÐенÑÑей
ÑÑандаÑÑной обÑеÑÑвенной "
-"лиÑензией GNU, ÑÑÐ¾Ð±Ñ Ð½Ðµ наводиÑÑ Ð½Ð° мÑÑлÑ,
бÑдÑо вÑе библиоÑеки обÑÐ·Ð°Ð½Ñ "
-"полÑзоваÑÑÑÑ ÐµÑ. ÐодÑобноÑÑи Ñм.
в ÑÑаÑÑе <a href=\"/philosophy/why-not-"
-"lgpl.html\">“ÐоÑÐµÐ¼Ñ Ð²Ð°Ð¼ не ÑледÑÐµÑ Ð¿ÑименÑÑÑ
ÐенÑÑÑÑ GPL Ð´Ð»Ñ Ñвоей "
-"ÑледÑÑÑей библиоÑеки”</a>."
-
-#. type: Content of: <h3>
+#. type: Content of: <div><h3>
msgid "Scratching an itch?"
msgstr "ТвоÑÑеÑкий зÑд?"
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"Eric Raymond says that “Every good work of software starts by "
"scratching a developer's personal itch.” Maybe that happens sometimes, "
@@ -1418,7 +1619,7 @@
"ÑазÑабоÑÐ°Ð½Ñ Ð´Ð»Ñ Ñого, ÑÑÐ¾Ð±Ñ Ð¿Ð¾Ð»ÑÑиÑÑ
полнÑÑ ÑвободнÑÑ Ð¾Ð¿ÐµÑаÑионнÑÑ ÑиÑÑемÑ. "
"ÐÑ
поÑодило ÑÑÑаÑегиÑеÑкое планиÑование,
а не импÑлÑÑ."
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"For example, we developed the GNU C library because a Unix-like system needs "
"a C library, BASH because a Unix-like system needs a shell, and GNU tar "
@@ -1431,7 +1632,7 @@
"нÑжна пÑогÑамма tar. То же Ñамое веÑно и длÑ
моиÑ
ÑобÑÑвеннÑÑ
пÑогÑамм "
"— компилÑÑоÑа Си GNU, GNU Emacs и GNU Make."
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"Some GNU programs were developed to cope with specific threats to our "
"freedom. Thus, we developed gzip to replace the Compress program, which had "
@@ -1453,7 +1654,7 @@
"пÑогÑÐ°Ð¼Ð¼Ñ ÑиÑÑованиÑ, поÑÐ¾Ð¼Ñ ÑÑо
полÑзоваÑели не Ð´Ð¾Ð»Ð¶Ð½Ñ Ð²ÑбиÑаÑÑ Ð¼ÐµÐ¶Ð´Ñ "
"конÑиденÑиалÑноÑÑÑÑ Ð¸ Ñвободой."
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"Of course, the people writing these programs became interested in the work, "
"and many features were added to them by various people for the sake of their "
@@ -1464,11 +1665,11 @@
"ÑвоиÑ
ÑобÑÑвеннÑÑ
нÑжд и инÑеÑеÑов. Ðо ÑÑо
не пÑиÑина ÑÑÑеÑÑÐ²Ð¾Ð²Ð°Ð½Ð¸Ñ ÑÑиÑ
"
"пÑогÑамм."
-#. type: Content of: <h3>
+#. type: Content of: <div><h3>
msgid "Unexpected developments"
msgstr "ÐеожиданнÑе ÑазÑабоÑки"
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"At the beginning of the GNU Project, I imagined that we would develop the "
"whole GNU system, then release it as a whole. That is not how it happened."
@@ -1476,7 +1677,7 @@
"РнаÑале пÑоекÑа GNU Ñ Ð¿ÑедÑÑавлÑл Ñебе, ÑÑо
Ð¼Ñ ÑазÑабоÑаем вÑÑ ÑиÑÑÐµÐ¼Ñ GNU, "
"а заÑем вÑпÑÑÑим ее Ñеликом. Ðо вÑÑло
по-дÑÑгомÑ."
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"Since each component of the GNU system was implemented on a Unix system, "
"each component could run on Unix systems long before a complete GNU system "
@@ -1490,7 +1691,7 @@
"ÑаÑÑиÑÑÑÑ Ð¸ пеÑеноÑиÑÑ Ð¸Ñ
— на
ÑазлиÑнÑе неÑовмеÑÑимÑе веÑÑии "
"Unix, а иногда и на дÑÑгие ÑиÑÑемÑ."
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"The process made these programs much more powerful, and attracted both funds "
"and contributors to the GNU Project. But it probably also delayed "
@@ -1506,11 +1707,11 @@
"веÑÑий и добавление возможноÑÑей к
ÑÑÑеÑÑвÑÑÑим компоненÑам, вмеÑÑо Ñого "
"ÑÑÐ¾Ð±Ñ Ð¿ÐµÑеÑ
одиÑÑ Ðº напиÑÐ°Ð½Ð¸Ñ Ð¾Ð´Ð½Ð¾Ð³Ð¾
недоÑÑаÑÑего компоненÑа за дÑÑгим."
-#. type: Content of: <h3>
+#. type: Content of: <div><h3>
msgid "The GNU Hurd"
msgstr "GNU Hurd"
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"By 1990, the GNU system was almost complete; the only major missing "
"component was the kernel. We had decided to implement our kernel as a "
@@ -1531,7 +1732,7 @@
"поÑколÑÐºÑ Ð¼Ñ Ð¶Ð´Ð°Ð»Ð¸, когда Mach вÑпÑÑÑÑÑ Ð²
каÑеÑÑве Ñвободной пÑогÑаммÑ, как "
"бÑло обеÑано."
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"One reason for choosing this design was to avoid what seemed to be the "
"hardest part of the job: debugging a kernel program without a source-level "
@@ -1550,11 +1751,11 @@
"ÑаÑÑÑлали дÑÑг дÑÑÐ³Ñ ÑообÑениÑ, оказалиÑÑ
оÑÐµÐ½Ñ ÑÑÑÐ´Ð½Ñ Ð² оÑладке. ÐоÑÑижение "
"ÑÑабилÑной ÑабоÑÑ Hurd ÑаÑÑÑнÑлоÑÑ Ð½Ð°
долгие годÑ."
-#. type: Content of: <h3>
+#. type: Content of: <div><h3>
msgid "Alix"
msgstr "Alix"
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"The GNU kernel was not originally supposed to be called the Hurd. Its "
"original name was Alix—named after the woman who was my sweetheart at "
@@ -1571,7 +1772,7 @@
"“ÐомÑ-нибÑÐ´Ñ Ñледовало Ð±Ñ Ð½Ð°Ð·Ð²Ð°ÑÑ ÑдÑо
в Ð¼Ð¾Ñ ÑеÑÑÑ”. Я ниÑего не "
"оÑвеÑил, но ÑеÑил ÑделаÑÑ ÐµÐ¹ ÑÑÑпÑиз,
назвав ÑдÑо “Alix”."
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"It did not stay that way. Michael (now Thomas) Bushnell, the main developer "
"of the kernel, preferred the name Hurd, and redefined Alix to refer to a "
@@ -1583,7 +1784,7 @@
"Alix на опÑеделеннÑÑ ÑаÑÑÑ ÑдÑа — ÑÑ,
ÑÑо пеÑеÑ
ваÑÑвала ÑиÑÑемнÑе "
"вÑÐ·Ð¾Ð²Ñ Ð¸ обÑабаÑÑвала иÑ
, ÑаÑÑÑлаÑ
ÑообÑÐµÐ½Ð¸Ñ ÑеÑвеÑам Hurd."
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"Later, Alix and I broke up, and she changed her name; independently, the "
"Hurd design was changed so that the C library would send messages directly "
@@ -1593,7 +1794,7 @@
"аÑÑ
иÑекÑÑÑа Hurd изменилаÑÑ Ñак, ÑÑо
библиоÑека Си ÑÑала ÑаÑÑÑлаÑÑ ÑообÑÐµÐ½Ð¸Ñ "
"ÑеÑвеÑам напÑÑмÑÑ, и в ÑезÑлÑÑаÑе
ÐºÐ¾Ð¼Ð¿Ð¾Ð½ÐµÐ½Ñ Alix иÑÑез из ÑиÑÑемÑ."
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"But before these things happened, a friend of hers came across the name Alix "
"in the Hurd source code, and mentioned it to her. So she did have the "
@@ -1603,11 +1804,11 @@
"Alix” в иÑÑ
одном ÑекÑÑе Hurd и ÑпомÑнÑл об
ÑÑом в ÑазговоÑе Ñ Ð½ÐµÐ¹. Так "
"ÑÑо возможноÑÑÑ Ð½Ð°Ð¹Ñи ÑдÑо, названное в ее
ÑеÑÑÑ, Ñ Ð½ÐµÐµ бÑла."
-#. type: Content of: <h3>
+#. type: Content of: <div><h3>
msgid "Linux and GNU/Linux"
msgstr "Linux и GNU/Linux"
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"The GNU Hurd is not suitable for production use, and we don't know if it "
"ever will be. The capability-based design has problems that result directly "
@@ -1619,7 +1820,7 @@
"поÑенÑиалÑнÑÑ
возможноÑÑей, еÑÑÑ
пÑоблемÑ, вÑÑекаÑÑие непоÑÑедÑÑвенно из "
"гибкоÑÑи аÑÑ
иÑекÑÑÑÑ, и неÑÑно, можно ли иÑ
ÑеÑиÑÑ."
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"Fortunately, another kernel is available. In 1991, Linus Torvalds developed "
"a Unix-compatible kernel and called it Linux. It was proprietary at first, "
@@ -1635,12 +1836,26 @@
"(ÐонеÑно, Ñоединение бÑло Ñамо по Ñебе
болÑÑой ÑабоÑой.) Ðменно благодаÑÑ "
"Linux Ð¼Ñ Ð¼Ð¾Ð¶ÐµÐ¼ ÑÐµÐ³Ð¾Ð´Ð½Ñ Ð¿Ð¾-наÑÑоÑÑемÑ
ÑабоÑаÑÑ Ð½Ð° одной из веÑÑий ÑиÑÑÐµÐ¼Ñ GNU."
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
+# | We call this system version <a href=\"/gnu/linux-and-gnu.html\">
+# | GNU/Linux</a>, to express its composition as a combination of the GNU
+# | system with Linux as the kernel. Please don't fall into the practice of
+# | calling the whole system [-“Linux”,-] {+“Linux,”+}
+# | since that means attributing our work to someone else. Please <a
+# | href=\"/gnu/gnu-linux-faq.html\"> give us equal mention</a>.
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "We call this system version <a href=\"/gnu/linux-and-gnu.html\"> GNU/"
+#| "Linux</a>, to express its composition as a combination of the GNU system "
+#| "with Linux as the kernel. Please don't fall into the practice of calling "
+#| "the whole system “Linux”, since that means attributing our "
+#| "work to someone else. Please <a href=\"/gnu/gnu-linux-faq.html\"> give "
+#| "us equal mention</a>."
msgid ""
"We call this system version <a href=\"/gnu/linux-and-gnu.html\"> GNU/Linux</"
"a>, to express its composition as a combination of the GNU system with Linux "
"as the kernel. Please don't fall into the practice of calling the whole "
-"system “Linux”, since that means attributing our work to someone "
+"system “Linux,” since that means attributing our work to someone "
"else. Please <a href=\"/gnu/gnu-linux-faq.html\"> give us equal mention</a>."
msgstr ""
"ÐÑ Ð½Ð°Ð·Ñваем ÑÑÑ Ð²ÐµÑÑÐ¸Ñ ÑиÑÑÐµÐ¼Ñ “<a
href=\"/gnu/linux-and-gnu.html"
@@ -1650,11 +1865,11 @@
"комÑ-Ñо дÑÑгомÑ. <a href=\"/gnu/gnu-linux-faq.html\">
УпоминайÑе, "
"пожалÑйÑÑа, ÑавнÑм обÑазом и наÑ</a>."
-#. type: Content of: <h3>
+#. type: Content of: <div><h3>
msgid "Challenges in our future"
msgstr "ÐаÑи ÑÑÑдноÑÑи в бÑдÑÑем"
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"We have proved our ability to develop a broad spectrum of free software. "
"This does not mean we are invincible and unstoppable. Several challenges "
@@ -1670,15 +1885,15 @@
"поÑÑебÑÐµÑ ÑеÑимоÑÑи, какÑÑ Ð²ÑказÑваÑÑ
лÑди, когда они ÑенÑÑ ÑÐ²Ð¾Ñ ÑÐ²Ð¾Ð±Ð¾Ð´Ñ Ð¸ "
"не даÑÑ Ð½Ð¸ÐºÐ¾Ð¼Ñ Ð¾ÑнÑÑÑ ÐµÐµ."
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid "The following four sections discuss these challenges."
msgstr "Ð ÑледÑÑÑиÑ
ÑеÑÑÑеÑ
ÑазделаÑ
обÑÑждаÑÑÑÑ ÑÑи пÑепÑÑÑÑвиÑ."
-#. type: Content of: <h3>
+#. type: Content of: <div><h3>
msgid "Secret hardware"
msgstr "СекÑеÑÐ½Ð°Ñ Ð°Ð¿Ð¿Ð°ÑаÑÑÑа"
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"Hardware manufacturers increasingly tend to keep hardware specifications "
"secret. This makes it difficult to write free drivers so that Linux and "
@@ -1691,7 +1906,7 @@
"аппаÑаÑÑÑÑ. Ð¡ÐµÐ³Ð¾Ð´Ð½Ñ Ñ Ð½Ð°Ñ ÐµÑÑÑ Ð¿Ð¾Ð»Ð½Ñе
ÑвободнÑе ÑиÑÑемÑ, но Ñ Ð½Ð°Ñ Ð½Ðµ бÑÐ´ÐµÑ "
"иÑ
завÑÑа, еÑли Ð¼Ñ Ð½Ðµ Ñможем поддеÑживаÑÑ
завÑÑаÑние компÑÑÑеÑÑ."
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"There are two ways to cope with this problem. Programmers can do reverse "
"engineering to figure out how to support the hardware. The rest of us can "
@@ -1704,14 +1919,29 @@
"ÑвободнÑми пÑогÑаммами; по меÑе Ñого, как
наÑи ÑÑÐ´Ñ Ð±ÑдÑÑ Ð¿Ð¾Ð¿Ð¾Ð»Ð½ÑÑÑÑÑ, "
"Ñ
ÑаниÑÑ ÑпеÑиÑикаÑии в ÑекÑеÑе бÑдеÑ
ÑÑановиÑÑÑÑ ÐºÐ°ÑаÑÑÑоÑиÑеÑки невÑгодно."
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
+# | Reverse engineering is a big job; will we have programmers with sufficient
+# | determination to undertake it? Yes—if we have built up a strong
+# | feeling that free software is a matter of principle, and nonfree drivers
+# | are intolerable. And will large numbers of us spend extra money, or even
+# | a little extra time, so we can use free drivers? Yes, if the determination
+# | to have freedom is [-widespread.-] {+widespread. <a
+# | href=\"#ft8\">[8]</a>+}
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "Reverse engineering is a big job; will we have programmers with "
+#| "sufficient determination to undertake it? Yes—if we have built up a "
+#| "strong feeling that free software is a matter of principle, and nonfree "
+#| "drivers are intolerable. And will large numbers of us spend extra money, "
+#| "or even a little extra time, so we can use free drivers? Yes, if the "
+#| "determination to have freedom is widespread."
msgid ""
"Reverse engineering is a big job; will we have programmers with sufficient "
"determination to undertake it? Yes—if we have built up a strong "
"feeling that free software is a matter of principle, and nonfree drivers are "
"intolerable. And will large numbers of us spend extra money, or even a "
"little extra time, so we can use free drivers? Yes, if the determination to "
-"have freedom is widespread."
+"have freedom is widespread. <a href=\"#ft8\">[8]</a>"
msgstr ""
"ÐбÑаÑÐ½Ð°Ñ ÑазÑабоÑка — болÑÑаÑ
ÑабоÑа; бÑдÑÑ Ð»Ð¸ Ñ Ð½Ð°Ñ "
"пÑогÑаммиÑÑÑ, ÑеÑимоÑÑи коÑоÑÑÑ
Ñ
ваÑило
Ð±Ñ Ð½Ð° ее оÑÑÑеÑÑвление? Ðа "
@@ -1721,23 +1951,11 @@
"полÑзоваÑÑÑÑ ÑвободнÑми дÑайвеÑами? Ðа,
еÑли ÑеÑимоÑÑÑ Ð¾Ð±Ð»Ð°Ð´Ð°ÑÑ Ñвободой не "
"бÑÐ´ÐµÑ ÑедкоÑÑÑÑ."
-#. type: Content of: <p>
-msgid ""
-"(2008 note: this issue extends to the BIOS as well. There is a free BIOS, "
-"<a href=\"http://www.libreboot.org/\";>LibreBoot</a> (a distribution of "
-"coreboot); the problem is getting specs for machines so that LibreBoot can "
-"support them without nonfree “blobs”.)"
-msgstr ""
-"(ÐамеÑание 2008 года: ÑÑÐ¾Ñ Ð²Ð¾Ð¿ÑÐ¾Ñ Ñакже
каÑаеÑÑÑ BIOS. ÐÑÑÑ ÑÐ²Ð¾Ð±Ð¾Ð´Ð½Ð°Ñ "
-"BIOS, назÑÐ²Ð°ÐµÐ¼Ð°Ñ <a
href=\"http://www.libreboot.org/\";>LibreBoot</a> "
-"(диÑÑÑибÑÑив coreboot); пÑоблема ÑоÑÑÐ¾Ð¸Ñ Ð²
полÑÑении ÑпеÑиÑикаÑий на маÑинÑ, "
-"ÑÑÐ¾Ð±Ñ LibreBoot мог иÑ
поддеÑживаÑÑ Ð±ÐµÐ·
неÑвободнÑÑ
“клÑкє.)"
-
-#. type: Content of: <h3>
+#. type: Content of: <div><h3>
msgid "Nonfree libraries"
msgstr "ÐеÑвободнÑе библиоÑеки"
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"A nonfree library that runs on free operating systems acts as a trap for "
"free software developers. The library's attractive features are the bait; "
@@ -1758,7 +1976,7 @@
"попÑлÑÑной, она Ð¼Ð¾Ð¶ÐµÑ Ð·Ð°Ð¼Ð°Ð½Ð¸ÑÑ Ð² западнÑ
дÑÑгиÑ
ниÑего не подозÑеваÑÑиÑ
"
"пÑогÑаммиÑÑов."
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"The first instance of this problem was the Motif toolkit, back in the 80s. "
"Although there were as yet no free operating systems, it was clear what "
@@ -1779,7 +1997,7 @@
"доÑÑаÑоÑно ÑÑÑекÑивной, ÑÑобÑ
поддеÑживаÑÑ Ð±Ð¾Ð»ÑÑинÑÑво пÑиложений Motif, "
"ÑолÑко в 1997 годÑ."
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"Between 1996 and 1998, another nonfree <abbr title=\"Graphical User Interface"
"\">GUI</abbr> toolkit library, called Qt, was used in a substantial "
@@ -1790,7 +2008,7 @@
"инÑеÑÑейÑа полÑзоваÑелÑ, Ð½Ð°Ð·Ð²Ð°Ð½Ð½Ð°Ñ Qt,
пÑименÑлаÑÑ Ð´Ð»Ñ Ð·Ð½Ð°ÑиÑелÑного коÑпÑÑа "
"ÑвободнÑÑ
пÑогÑамм, гÑаÑиÑеÑкой ÑÑедÑ
<abbr>KDE</abbr>."
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"Free GNU/Linux systems were unable to use KDE, because we could not use the "
"library. However, some commercial distributors of GNU/Linux systems who "
@@ -1809,7 +2027,7 @@
"полÑзоваÑелей Linux” никогда не озаÑÑла
мÑÑлÑ, ÑÑо здеÑÑ ÐµÑÑÑ ÐºÐ°ÐºÐ°Ñ-Ñо "
"пÑоблема. Ðоложение бÑло оÑÐµÐ½Ñ Ð¿ÐµÑалÑно."
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"The free software community responded to the problem in two ways: GNOME and "
"Harmony."
@@ -1817,7 +2035,7 @@
"СообÑеÑÑво Ñвободного пÑогÑаммного
обеÑпеÑÐµÐ½Ð¸Ñ Ð¾ÑвеÑило на пÑÐ¾Ð±Ð»ÐµÐ¼Ñ Ð´Ð²ÑÐ¼Ñ "
"меÑами: ÑÑедой GNOME и библиоÑекой Harmony."
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"GNOME, the GNU Network Object Model Environment, is GNU's desktop project. "
"Started in 1997 by Miguel de Icaza, and developed with the support of Red "
@@ -1834,7 +2052,7 @@
"неÑколÑкиÑ
ÑзÑков, а не ÑолÑко Си++. Ðо
главнÑм его назнаÑением бÑла "
"Ñвобода: ÑÑÐ¾Ð±Ñ Ð½Ðµ ÑÑебовалоÑÑ
полÑзоваÑÑÑÑ Ð½Ð¸ÐºÐ°ÐºÐ¸Ð¼Ð¸ неÑвободнÑми
пÑогÑаммами."
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"Harmony is a compatible replacement library, designed to make it possible to "
"run KDE software without using Qt."
@@ -1842,13 +2060,28 @@
"Harmony — ÑовмеÑÑÐ¸Ð¼Ð°Ñ Ð±Ð¸Ð±Ð»Ð¸Ð¾Ñека длÑ
заменÑ, ÑпÑоекÑиÑÐ¾Ð²Ð°Ð½Ð½Ð°Ñ Ð´Ð»Ñ "
"Ñого, ÑÑÐ¾Ð±Ñ Ð±Ñло возможно вÑполнÑÑÑ
пÑогÑÐ°Ð¼Ð¼Ñ KDE без Qt."
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
+# | In November 1998, the developers of Qt announced a change of license
+# | which, when carried out, should make Qt free software. There is no way to
+# | be sure, but I think that this was partly due to the community's firm
+# | response to the problem that Qt posed when it was nonfree. (The new
+# | license is inconvenient and inequitable, so it remains desirable to avoid
+# | using [-Qt.)-] {+Qt. <a href=\"#ft9\">[9]</a>)+}
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "In November 1998, the developers of Qt announced a change of license "
+#| "which, when carried out, should make Qt free software. There is no way "
+#| "to be sure, but I think that this was partly due to the community's firm "
+#| "response to the problem that Qt posed when it was nonfree. (The new "
+#| "license is inconvenient and inequitable, so it remains desirable to avoid "
+#| "using Qt.)"
msgid ""
"In November 1998, the developers of Qt announced a change of license which, "
"when carried out, should make Qt free software. There is no way to be sure, "
"but I think that this was partly due to the community's firm response to the "
"problem that Qt posed when it was nonfree. (The new license is inconvenient "
-"and inequitable, so it remains desirable to avoid using Qt.)"
+"and inequitable, so it remains desirable to avoid using Qt. <a href="
+"\"#ft9\">[9]</a>)"
msgstr ""
"РноÑбÑе 1998 года ÑазÑабоÑÑики Qt
обÑÑвили о Ñмене лиÑензии, коÑоÑаÑ, "
"когда она бÑÐ´ÐµÑ Ð¿Ñоведена, должна ÑделаÑÑ
Qt Ñвободной. ÐÑо невозможно "
@@ -1857,15 +2090,7 @@
"(ÐÐ¾Ð²Ð°Ñ Ð»Ð¸ÑÐµÐ½Ð·Ð¸Ñ Ð½ÐµÑдобна и неÑпÑаведлива,
Ñак ÑÑо до ÑиÑ
Ð¿Ð¾Ñ Ð¶ÐµÐ»Ð°ÑелÑно "
"избегаÑÑ Qt.)"
-#. type: Content of: <p>
-msgid ""
-"[Subsequent note: in September 2000, Qt was rereleased under the GNU GPL, "
-"which essentially solved this problem.]"
-msgstr ""
-"[ÐоÑледÑÑÑее замеÑание: в ÑенÑÑбÑе
2000 года Qt бÑла пеÑевÑпÑÑена под "
-"GNU GPL, ÑÑо по ÑÑÑеÑÑÐ²Ñ ÑеÑило ÑÑÑ Ð¿ÑоблемÑ.]"
-
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"How will we respond to the next tempting nonfree library? Will the whole "
"community understand the need to stay out of the trap? Or will many of us "
@@ -1877,21 +2102,42 @@
"пÑоменÑÑÑ ÑÐ²Ð¾Ð±Ð¾Ð´Ñ Ð½Ð° ÑдобÑÑво и поÑодÑÑ
ÑеÑÑезнÑÑ Ð¿ÑоблемÑ? ÐаÑе бÑдÑÑее "
"завиÑÐ¸Ñ Ð¾Ñ Ð½Ð°Ñей ÑилоÑоÑии."
-#. type: Content of: <h3>
+#. type: Content of: <div><h3>
msgid "Software patents"
msgstr "ÐаÑенÑÑ Ð½Ð° пÑогÑаммÑ"
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
+# | The worst threat we face comes from software patents, which can put
+# | algorithms and features off limits to free software for up to twenty
+# | years. The LZW compression algorithm patents were applied for in 1983,
+# | and we still cannot release free software to produce proper compressed
+# | <abbr title=\"Graphics Interchange [-Format\">GIF</abbr>s. [As of 2009
+# | they have expired.]-] {+Format\">GIF</abbr>s. <a
+# | href=\"#ft10\">[10]</a>+} In 1998, a free program to produce <abbr
+# | title=\"MPEG-1 Audio Layer 3\">MP3</abbr> compressed audio was removed
+# | from distribution under threat of a patent [-suit. [As of 2017, these
+# | patents have expired. Look how long we had to wait.]-] {+suit. <a
+# | href=\"#ft11\">[11]</a>+}
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "The worst threat we face comes from software patents, which can put "
+#| "algorithms and features off limits to free software for up to twenty "
+#| "years. The LZW compression algorithm patents were applied for in 1983, "
+#| "and we still cannot release free software to produce proper compressed "
+#| "<abbr title=\"Graphics Interchange Format\">GIF</abbr>s. [As of 2009 "
+#| "they have expired.] In 1998, a free program to produce <abbr title="
+#| "\"MPEG-1 Audio Layer 3\">MP3</abbr> compressed audio was removed from "
+#| "distribution under threat of a patent suit. [As of 2017, these patents "
+#| "have expired. Look how long we had to wait.]"
msgid ""
"The worst threat we face comes from software patents, which can put "
"algorithms and features off limits to free software for up to twenty years. "
"The LZW compression algorithm patents were applied for in 1983, and we still "
"cannot release free software to produce proper compressed <abbr title="
-"\"Graphics Interchange Format\">GIF</abbr>s. [As of 2009 they have "
-"expired.] In 1998, a free program to produce <abbr title=\"MPEG-1 Audio "
-"Layer 3\">MP3</abbr> compressed audio was removed from distribution under "
-"threat of a patent suit. [As of 2017, these patents have expired. Look how "
-"long we had to wait.]"
+"\"Graphics Interchange Format\">GIF</abbr>s. <a href=\"#ft10\">[10]</"
+"a> In 1998, a free program to produce <abbr title=\"MPEG-1 Audio Layer "
+"3\">MP3</abbr> compressed audio was removed from distribution under threat "
+"of a patent suit. <a href=\"#ft11\">[11]</a>"
msgstr ""
"Ð¡Ð°Ð¼Ð°Ñ Ð¾Ð¿Ð°ÑÐ½Ð°Ñ ÑгÑоза, вÑÑавÑÐ°Ñ Ð¿ÐµÑед нами,
иÑÑ
Ð¾Ð´Ð¸Ñ Ð¾Ñ Ð¿Ð°ÑенÑов на пÑогÑаммÑ, "
"коÑоÑÑе могÑÑ Ð²ÑноÑиÑÑ Ð°Ð»Ð³Ð¾ÑиÑÐ¼Ñ Ð¸
оÑобенноÑÑи пÑогÑамм за пÑÐµÐ´ÐµÐ»Ñ "
@@ -1904,7 +2150,7 @@
"2017 год ÑÑоки дейÑÑÐ²Ð¸Ñ ÑÑиÑ
паÑенÑов
иÑÑекли. ÐÐ¾Ñ ÐºÐ°Ðº долго нам пÑиÑлоÑÑ "
"ждаÑÑ.]"
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"There are ways to cope with patents: we can search for evidence that a "
"patent is invalid, and we can look for alternative ways to do a job. But "
@@ -1919,7 +2165,7 @@
"миÑиÑÑÑÑ Ñ Ð¾ÑÑÑÑÑÑвием какой-Ñо
оÑобенноÑÑи, коÑоÑой Ñ
оÑÑÑ Ð¿Ð¾Ð»ÑзоваÑели. "
"ЧеÑез много Ð»ÐµÑ ÑÑок паÑенÑов иÑÑекаеÑ, но
ÑÑо нам делаÑÑ Ð´Ð¾ ÑÑого?"
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"Those of us who value free software for freedom's sake will stay with free "
"software anyway. We will manage to get work done without the patented "
@@ -1940,11 +2186,11 @@
"ÑвободнÑÑ
пÑогÑамм, Ð¼Ñ Ð½Ðµ Ð´Ð¾Ð»Ð¶Ð½Ñ Ð½Ð° ÑÑом
оÑÑанавливаÑÑÑÑ. ÐÑ Ð´Ð¾Ð»Ð¶Ð½Ñ Ð³Ð¾Ð²Ð¾ÑиÑÑ "
"о Ñвободе и пÑинÑипаÑ
."
-#. type: Content of: <h3>
+#. type: Content of: <div><h3>
msgid "Free documentation"
msgstr "Ð¡Ð²Ð¾Ð±Ð¾Ð´Ð½Ð°Ñ Ð´Ð¾ÐºÑменÑаÑиÑ"
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"The biggest deficiency in our free operating systems is not in the "
"software—it is the lack of good free manuals that we can include in "
@@ -1959,7 +2205,7 @@
"важного пакеÑа пÑогÑамм Ð½ÐµÑ Ñ
оÑоÑего
Ñвободного ÑÑководÑÑва, ÑÑо ÑеÑÑезнÑй "
"пÑобел. Ð¡ÐµÐ³Ð¾Ð´Ð½Ñ Ñ Ð½Ð°Ñ Ð¼Ð½Ð¾Ð³Ð¾ ÑакиÑ
пÑобелов."
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"Free documentation, like free software, is a matter of freedom, not price. "
"The criterion for a free manual is pretty much the same as for free "
@@ -1974,7 +2220,7 @@
"ÑазÑеÑено, в ÑлекÑÑонном виде и на бÑмаге,
Ñ Ñем ÑÑÐ¾Ð±Ñ ÑÑководÑÑво могло "
"ÑопÑовождаÑÑ ÐºÐ°Ð¶Ð´ÑÑ ÐºÐ¾Ð¿Ð¸Ñ Ð¿ÑогÑаммÑ."
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"Permission for modification is crucial too. As a general rule, I don't "
"believe that it is essential for people to have permission to modify all "
@@ -1987,7 +2233,7 @@
"ÐапÑимеÑ, Ñ Ð½Ðµ дÑмаÑ, ÑÑо Ð²Ñ Ð¸Ð»Ð¸ Ñ Ð¾Ð±ÑзанÑ
даваÑÑ ÑазÑеÑение изменÑÑÑ Ñакие "
"ÑÑаÑÑи, как ÑÑа, опиÑÑваÑÑÐ°Ñ Ð½Ð°Ñи дейÑÑвиÑ
и наÑи взглÑдÑ."
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"But there is a particular reason why the freedom to modify is crucial for "
"documentation for free software. When people exercise their right to modify "
@@ -2005,7 +2251,7 @@
"ÑÑководÑÑво, не позволÑÑÑее
пÑогÑаммиÑÑам бÑÑÑ ÑознаÑелÑнÑми и
пÑоделаÑÑ "
"ÑабоÑÑ Ð´Ð¾ конÑа, не ÑдовлеÑвоÑÑÐµÑ Ð½Ñждам
наÑего ÑообÑеÑÑва."
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"Some kinds of limits on how modifications are done pose no problem. For "
"example, requirements to preserve the original author's copyright notice, "
@@ -2030,7 +2276,7 @@
"не пÑепÑÑÑÑвÑÑÑ ÑообÑеÑÑÐ²Ñ Ñвободного
пÑогÑаммного обеÑпеÑÐµÐ½Ð¸Ñ Ð¿Ð¾Ð»ÑзоваÑÑÑÑ "
"ÑÑководÑÑвом в полном обÑеме."
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"However, it must be possible to modify all the <em>technical</em> content of "
"the manual, and then distribute the result in all the usual media, through "
@@ -2042,7 +2288,7 @@
"вÑем обÑÑнÑм каналам; в пÑоÑивном ÑлÑÑае
огÑаниÑÐµÐ½Ð¸Ñ ÑообÑеÑÑÐ²Ñ Ð¼ÐµÑаÑÑ, "
"ÑÑководÑÑво не Ñвободно и нам нÑжно
дÑÑгое ÑÑководÑÑво."
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"Will free software developers have the awareness and determination to "
"produce a full spectrum of free manuals? Once again, our future depends on "
@@ -2052,14 +2298,24 @@
"на Ñо, ÑÑÐ¾Ð±Ñ Ð¿ÑоизвеÑÑи веÑÑ ÑпекÑÑ
ÑвободнÑÑ
ÑÑководÑÑв? Ð ÑÑом ÑлÑÑае наÑе "
"бÑдÑÑее опÑÑÑ Ð·Ð°Ð²Ð¸ÑÐ¸Ñ Ð¾Ñ ÑилоÑоÑии."
-#. type: Content of: <h3>
+#. type: Content of: <div><h3>
msgid "We must talk about freedom"
msgstr "ÐÑ Ð´Ð¾Ð»Ð¶Ð½Ñ Ð³Ð¾Ð²Ð¾ÑиÑÑ Ð¾ Ñвободе"
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
+# | Estimates today are that there are ten million users of GNU/Linux systems
+# | such as Debian GNU/Linux and Red Hat [-“Linux”.-]
+# | {+“Linux.”+} Free software has developed such practical
+# | advantages that users are flocking to it for purely practical reasons.
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "Estimates today are that there are ten million users of GNU/Linux systems "
+#| "such as Debian GNU/Linux and Red Hat “Linux”. Free software "
+#| "has developed such practical advantages that users are flocking to it for "
+#| "purely practical reasons."
msgid ""
"Estimates today are that there are ten million users of GNU/Linux systems "
-"such as Debian GNU/Linux and Red Hat “Linux”. Free software has "
+"such as Debian GNU/Linux and Red Hat “Linux.” Free software has "
"developed such practical advantages that users are flocking to it for purely "
"practical reasons."
msgstr ""
@@ -2068,7 +2324,7 @@
"СвободнÑе пÑогÑÐ°Ð¼Ð¼Ñ Ð¿ÑиобÑели Ñакие
пÑакÑиÑеÑкие доÑÑоинÑÑва, ÑÑо "
"полÑзоваÑели ÑкÑÑиваÑÑÑÑ Ð²Ð¾ÐºÑÑг ниÑ
по
ÑиÑÑо пÑакÑиÑеÑким пÑиÑинам."
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"The good consequences of this are evident: more interest in developing free "
"software, more customers for free software businesses, and more ability to "
@@ -2080,7 +2336,7 @@
"повÑÑение возможноÑÑи пооÑÑÐµÐ½Ð¸Ñ ÐºÐ¾Ð¼Ð¿Ð°Ð½Ð¸Ð¹
к ÑазÑабоÑке коммеÑÑеÑкиÑ
ÑвободнÑÑ
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"пÑогÑамм вмеÑÑо неÑвободнÑÑ
пÑогÑаммнÑÑ
пÑодÑкÑов."
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"But interest in the software is growing faster than awareness of the "
"philosophy it is based on, and this leads to trouble. Our ability to meet "
@@ -2095,7 +2351,7 @@
"нам нÑжно пеÑедаваÑÑ ÑÑÑ Ð¼ÑÑÐ»Ñ Ð½Ð¾Ð²Ñм
полÑзоваÑелÑм по меÑе Ñого, как они "
"вÑÑÑпаÑÑ Ð² ÑообÑеÑÑво."
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"But we are failing to do so: the efforts to attract new users into our "
"community are far outstripping the efforts to teach them the civics of our "
@@ -2107,11 +2363,11 @@
"ÑообÑеÑÑва. Ðам нÑжно делаÑÑ Ð¸ Ñо, и
дÑÑгое, ÑоблÑÐ´Ð°Ñ Ð±Ð°Ð»Ð°Ð½Ñ Ð¼ÐµÐ¶Ð´Ñ Ð´Ð²ÑÐ¼Ñ "
"ÑÑими видами деÑÑелÑноÑÑи."
-#. type: Content of: <h3>
+#. type: Content of: <div><h3>
msgid "“Open Source”"
msgstr "“ÐÑкÑÑÑÑй иÑÑ
однÑй ÑекÑÑ”"
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"Teaching new users about freedom became more difficult in 1998, when a part "
"of the community decided to stop using the term “free software” "
@@ -2122,7 +2378,7 @@
"ÑÐ²Ð¾Ð±Ð¾Ð´Ð½Ð°Ñ Ð¿ÑогÑамма” и вмеÑÑо ÑÑого
говоÑиÑÑ “пÑогÑамма Ñ "
"оÑкÑÑÑÑм иÑÑ
однÑм ÑекÑÑом”."
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"Some who favored this term aimed to avoid the confusion of “"
"free” with “gratis”—a valid goal. Others, however, "
@@ -2144,7 +2400,7 @@
"возможноÑÑи полÑÑÐµÐ½Ð¸Ñ Ð²ÑÑококаÑеÑÑвеннÑÑ
ÑÑÑекÑивнÑÑ
пÑогÑамм, но обÑ
Ð¾Ð´Ð¸Ñ "
"ÑÑоÑоной идеи ÑвободÑ, единÑÑва и
пÑинÑипиалÑноÑÑи."
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"The “Linux” magazines are a clear example of this—they are "
"filled with advertisements for proprietary software that works with GNU/"
@@ -2156,7 +2412,7 @@
"ÑледÑÑÑий Motif или Qt, бÑдÑÑ Ð»Ð¸ ÑÑи жÑÑналÑ
пÑедоÑÑеÑегаÑÑ Ð¿ÑогÑаммиÑÑов Ð¾Ñ "
"него, или они бÑдÑÑ ÐµÐ³Ð¾ ÑекламиÑоваÑÑ?"
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"The support of business can contribute to the community in many ways; all "
"else being equal, it is useful. But winning their support by speaking even "
@@ -2169,12 +2425,24 @@
"ÑÑо еÑе болÑÑе ÑвелиÑÐ¸Ð²Ð°ÐµÑ Ð´Ð¸ÑбаланÑ
Ð¼ÐµÐ¶Ð´Ñ Ð¿Ð¾Ð¿ÑлÑÑноÑÑÑÑ Ð¸ гÑажданÑким "
"воÑпиÑанием."
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
+# | “Free software” and “open source” describe the
+# | same category of software, more or less, but say different things about
+# | the software, and about values. The GNU Project continues to use the term
+# | “free [-software”,-] {+software,”+} to express the idea
+# | that freedom, not just technology, is important.
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "“Free software” and “open source” describe the "
+#| "same category of software, more or less, but say different things about "
+#| "the software, and about values. The GNU Project continues to use the "
+#| "term “free software”, to express the idea that freedom, not "
+#| "just technology, is important."
msgid ""
"“Free software” and “open source” describe the same "
"category of software, more or less, but say different things about the "
"software, and about values. The GNU Project continues to use the term "
-"“free software”, to express the idea that freedom, not just "
+"“free software,” to express the idea that freedom, not just "
"technology, is important."
msgstr ""
"“СвободнÑе пÑогÑаммє и
“оÑкÑÑÑÑй иÑÑ
однÑй ÑекÑÑ” "
@@ -2183,11 +2451,11 @@
"“ÑÐ²Ð¾Ð±Ð¾Ð´Ð½Ð°Ñ Ð¿ÑогÑамма”, ÑÑобÑ
вÑÑазиÑÑ Ð¼ÑÑлÑ, ÑÑо важна Ñвобода, "
"а не ÑолÑко ÑеÑ
ника."
-#. type: Content of: <h3>
+#. type: Content of: <div><h3>
msgid "Try!"
msgstr "ÐопÑÑайÑÑ!"
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"Yoda's aphorism (“There is no ‘try’”) sounds neat, "
"but it doesn't work for me. I have done most of my work while anxious about "
@@ -2203,7 +2471,7 @@
"поÑÐ¾Ð¼Ñ ÑÑо Ð¼ÐµÐ¶Ð´Ñ Ð²Ñагом и моим гоÑодом не
бÑло никого, кÑоме менÑ. Ð Ð¼Ð¾ÐµÐ¼Ñ "
"ÑобÑÑÐ²ÐµÐ½Ð½Ð¾Ð¼Ñ ÑдивлениÑ, кое-ÑÑо мне
ÑдавалоÑÑ."
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"Sometimes I failed; some of my cities have fallen. Then I found another "
"threatened city, and got ready for another battle. Over time, I've learned "
@@ -2215,7 +2483,7 @@
"иÑкаÑÑ ÑгÑÐ¾Ð·Ñ Ð¸ ÑÑавиÑÑ ÑÐµÐ±Ñ Ð¼ÐµÐ¶Ð´Ñ Ð½Ð¸Ð¼Ð¸ и
моим гоÑодом, пÑизÑÐ²Ð°Ñ Ð´ÑÑгиÑ
"
"Ñ
акеÑов вÑÑаÑÑ ÑÑдом Ñо мной."
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"Nowadays, often I'm not the only one. It is a relief and a joy when I see a "
"regiment of hackers digging in to hold the line, and I realize, this city "
@@ -2232,6 +2500,241 @@
"Ñак! ÐÑли Ð²Ñ Ñ
оÑиÑе ÑоÑ
ÑаниÑÑ ÑвоÑ
ÑвободÑ, Ð²Ñ Ð´Ð¾Ð»Ð¶Ð½Ñ Ð±ÑÑÑ Ð³Ð¾ÑÐ¾Ð²Ñ Ð·Ð°ÑиÑаÑÑ "
"ее."
+# type: Content of: <h4>
+#. type: Content of: <div><h3>
+msgid "Footnotes"
+msgstr "ÐÑимеÑаниÑ"
+
+#. type: Content of: <div><ol><li>
+# | [-(1)-]The use of “hacker” to mean “security
+# | breaker” is a confusion on the part of the mass media. We hackers
+# | refuse to recognize that meaning, and continue using the word to mean
+# | someone who loves to program, someone who enjoys playful cleverness, or
+# | the combination of the two. See my article, [-<a
+# | href=\"http://stallman.org/articles/on-hacking.html\";>On Hacking</a>.-]
+# | {+“<a href=\"https://stallman.org/articles/on-hacking.html\";>On
+# | Hacking</a>.”+}
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "(1) The use of “hacker” to mean “security "
+#| "breaker” is a confusion on the part of the mass media. We hackers "
+#| "refuse to recognize that meaning, and continue using the word to mean "
+#| "someone who loves to program, someone who enjoys playful cleverness, or "
+#| "the combination of the two. See my article, <a href=\"http://stallman.";
+#| "org/articles/on-hacking.html\">On Hacking</a>."
+msgid ""
+"The use of “hacker” to mean “security breaker” is a "
+"confusion on the part of the mass media. We hackers refuse to recognize "
+"that meaning, and continue using the word to mean someone who loves to "
+"program, someone who enjoys playful cleverness, or the combination of the "
+"two. See my article, “<a href=\"https://stallman.org/articles/on-";
+"hacking.html\">On Hacking</a>.”"
+msgstr ""
+"(1) УпоÑÑебление Ñлова “Ñ
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знаÑении “взломÑик "
+"заÑиÑÑ” — оÑибка, коÑоÑой мÑ
обÑÐ·Ð°Ð½Ñ ÑÑедÑÑвам маÑÑовой "
+"инÑоÑмаÑии. ÐÑ, Ñ
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пÑизнаваÑÑ ÑÑо знаÑение и пÑодолжаем "
+"ÑпоÑÑеблÑÑÑ ÑÑо Ñлово в знаÑении “ÑоÑ,
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+"полÑÑÐ°ÐµÑ ÑдоволÑÑÑвие Ð¾Ñ Ð¸Ð³ÑÑ Ð¼ÑÑли, или
комбинаÑÐ¸Ñ Ð¸ Ñого, и "
+"дÑÑгого”. См. Ð¼Ð¾Ñ ÑÑаÑÑÑ <a
href=\"http://stallman.org/articles/";
+"on-hacking.html\"> “Ð Ñ
акеÑÑÑве”</a>."
+
+#. type: Content of: <div><ol><li>
+# | [-(1)-]As an Atheist, I don't follow any religious leaders, but I
+# | sometimes find I admire something one of them has said.
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "(1) As an Atheist, I don't follow any religious leaders, but I sometimes "
+#| "find I admire something one of them has said."
+msgid ""
+"As an Atheist, I don't follow any religious leaders, but I sometimes find I "
+"admire something one of them has said."
+msgstr ""
+"(1) Ðак аÑеиÑÑ Ñ Ð½Ðµ ÑвлÑÑÑÑ Ð¿Ð¾ÑледоваÑелем
какиÑ
Ð±Ñ Ñо ни бÑло ÑелигиознÑÑ
"
+"лидеÑов, но иногда Ñ Ð¾Ð±Ð½Ð°ÑÑживаÑ, ÑÑо воÑÑ
иÑаÑÑÑ Ñем, ÑÑо Ñказал кÑо-нибÑÐ´Ñ "
+"из ниÑ
."
+
+#. type: Content of: <div><ol><li>
+# | [-(1)-]In 1984 or 1985, Don Hopkins (a very imaginative fellow) mailed me
+# | a letter. [-On-] {+<a href=\"/graphics/copyleft-sticker.html\">On+} the
+# | [-envelope-] {+envelope</a>+} he had written several amusing sayings,
+# | including this one: “Copyleft—all rights reversed.” I
+# | used the word “copyleft” to name the distribution concept I
+# | was developing at the time.
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "(1) In 1984 or 1985, Don Hopkins (a very imaginative fellow) mailed me a "
+#| "letter. On the envelope he had written several amusing sayings, "
+#| "including this one: “Copyleft—all rights reversed.” I "
+#| "used the word “copyleft” to name the distribution concept I "
+#| "was developing at the time."
+msgid ""
+"In 1984 or 1985, Don Hopkins (a very imaginative fellow) mailed me a "
+"letter. <a href=\"/graphics/copyleft-sticker.html\">On the envelope</a> he "
+"had written several amusing sayings, including this one: “"
+"Copyleft—all rights reversed.” I used the word “"
+"copyleft” to name the distribution concept I was developing at the "
+"time."
+msgstr ""
+"(1) Ð 1984 или 1985 Ð³Ð¾Ð´Ñ Ðон Ð¥Ð¾Ð¿ÐºÐ¸Ð½Ñ (малÑй Ñ
богаÑÑм вообÑажением) "
+"пÑиÑлал мне пиÑÑмо. Ðа конвеÑÑе он напиÑал
неÑколÑко забавнÑÑ
изÑеÑений, в "
+"Ñом ÑиÑле Ñакое: “ÐвÑоÑÑкое лево —
вÑе пÑава "
+"заÑевеÑÑиÑованє. Я воÑполÑзовалÑÑ
вÑÑажением “авÑоÑÑкое "
+"лево” в каÑеÑÑве Ð½Ð°Ð·Ð²Ð°Ð½Ð¸Ñ ÐºÐ¾Ð½ÑепÑии
ÑаÑпÑоÑÑÑанениÑ, над коÑоÑой Ñ Ð² "
+"Ñо вÑÐµÐ¼Ñ ÑабоÑал."
+
+#. type: Content of: <div><ol><li>
+# | [-(2)-]We now use the <a href=\"/licenses/fdl.html\">GNU Free
+# | Documentation License</a> for documentation.
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "(2) We now use the <a href=\"/licenses/fdl.html\">GNU Free Documentation "
+#| "License</a> for documentation."
+msgid ""
+"We now use the <a href=\"/licenses/fdl.html\">GNU Free Documentation "
+"License</a> for documentation."
+msgstr ""
+"(2) СейÑÐ°Ñ Ð´Ð»Ñ Ð´Ð¾ÐºÑменÑаÑии Ð¼Ñ Ð¿Ð¾Ð»ÑзÑемÑÑ <a
href=\"/licenses/fdl.html\"> "
+"ÐиÑензией Ñвободной докÑменÑаÑии GNU</a>."
+
+#. type: Content of: <div><ol><li>
+# | [-(1)-]“Bourne Again Shell” is a play on the name
+# | “Bourne [-Shell”,-] {+Shell,”+} which was the usual
+# | shell on Unix.
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "(1) “Bourne Again Shell” is a play on the name “Bourne "
+#| "Shell”, which was the usual shell on Unix."
+msgid ""
+"“Bourne Again Shell” is a play on the name “Bourne Shell,"
+"” which was the usual shell on Unix."
+msgstr ""
+"(1) “ÐпÑÑÑ Ð¾Ð±Ð¾Ð»Ð¾Ñка ÐаÑÑна” —
игÑа Ñлов, поÑÑÑÐ¾ÐµÐ½Ð½Ð°Ñ "
+"на названии “ÐболоÑка
ÐаÑÑна” — Ñак назÑвали обÑÑнÑй "
+"в Unix команднÑй инÑеÑпÑеÑаÑоÑ."
+
+#. type: Content of: <div><ol><li>
+# | [-(1)-]That was written in 1998. In 2009 we no longer maintain a long
+# | task list. The community develops free software so fast that we can't
+# | even keep track of it all. Instead, we have a list of High Priority
+# | Projects, a much shorter list of projects we really want to encourage
+# | people to write.
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "(1) That was written in 1998. In 2009 we no longer maintain a long task "
+#| "list. The community develops free software so fast that we can't even "
+#| "keep track of it all. Instead, we have a list of High Priority Projects, "
+#| "a much shorter list of projects we really want to encourage people to "
+#| "write."
+msgid ""
+"That was written in 1998. In 2009 we no longer maintain a long task list. "
+"The community develops free software so fast that we can't even keep track "
+"of it all. Instead, we have a list of High Priority Projects, a much "
+"shorter list of projects we really want to encourage people to write."
+msgstr ""
+"(1) ÐÑо бÑло напиÑано в 1998 годÑ. Ð
2009 Ð³Ð¾Ð´Ñ Ð¼Ñ Ð±Ð¾Ð»ÑÑе не "
+"поддеÑживаем длиннÑй ÑпиÑок задаÑ.
СообÑеÑÑво ÑазÑабаÑÑÐ²Ð°ÐµÑ ÑвободнÑе "
+"пÑогÑÐ°Ð¼Ð¼Ñ Ñак бÑÑÑÑо, ÑÑо Ð¼Ñ Ð½Ðµ можем даже
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вÑе. ÐмеÑÑо ÑÑого "
+"Ñ Ð½Ð°Ñ ÐµÑÑÑ ÑпиÑок вÑÑокопÑиоÑиÑеÑнÑÑ
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коÑоÑÑÑ
Ð¼Ñ Ñ
оÑим пооÑÑиÑÑ Ð»Ñдей "
+"пÑежде вÑего."
+
+#. type: Content of: <div><ol><li>
+# | [-(1)-]This license is now called the GNU Lesser General Public License,
+# | to avoid giving the idea that all libraries ought to use it. See <a
+# | href=\"/philosophy/why-not-lgpl.html\">Why you shouldn't use the Lesser
+# | GPL for your next library</a> for more information.
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "(1) This license is now called the GNU Lesser General Public License, to "
+#| "avoid giving the idea that all libraries ought to use it. See <a href=\"/"
+#| "philosophy/why-not-lgpl.html\">Why you shouldn't use the Lesser GPL for "
+#| "your next library</a> for more information."
+msgid ""
+"This license is now called the GNU Lesser General Public License, to avoid "
+"giving the idea that all libraries ought to use it. See <a href=\"/"
+"philosophy/why-not-lgpl.html\">Why you shouldn't use the Lesser GPL for your "
+"next library</a> for more information."
+msgstr ""
+"(1) ÐÑа лиÑÐµÐ½Ð·Ð¸Ñ ÑейÑÐ°Ñ Ð½Ð°Ð·ÑваеÑÑÑ ÐенÑÑей
ÑÑандаÑÑной обÑеÑÑвенной "
+"лиÑензией GNU, ÑÑÐ¾Ð±Ñ Ð½Ðµ наводиÑÑ Ð½Ð° мÑÑлÑ,
бÑдÑо вÑе библиоÑеки обÑÐ·Ð°Ð½Ñ "
+"полÑзоваÑÑÑÑ ÐµÑ. ÐодÑобноÑÑи Ñм.
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+"lgpl.html\">“ÐоÑÐµÐ¼Ñ Ð²Ð°Ð¼ не ÑледÑÐµÑ Ð¿ÑименÑÑÑ
ÐенÑÑÑÑ GPL Ð´Ð»Ñ Ñвоей "
+"ÑледÑÑÑей библиоÑеки”</a>."
+
+#. type: Content of: <div><ol><li>
+# | [-(-]2008 note: this issue extends to the BIOS as well. There is a free
+# | BIOS, <a [-href=\"http://www.libreboot.org/\";>LibreBoot</a>-]
+# | {+href=\"https://libreboot.org/\";>LibreBoot</a>+} (a distribution of
+# | coreboot); the problem is getting specs for machines so that LibreBoot can
+# | support them without nonfree [-“blobs”.)-]
+# | {+“blobs.”+}
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "(2008 note: this issue extends to the BIOS as well. There is a free "
+#| "BIOS, <a href=\"http://www.libreboot.org/\";>LibreBoot</a> (a distribution "
+#| "of coreboot); the problem is getting specs for machines so that LibreBoot "
+#| "can support them without nonfree “blobs”.)"
+msgid ""
+"2008 note: this issue extends to the BIOS as well. There is a free BIOS, <a "
+"href=\"https://libreboot.org/\";>LibreBoot</a> (a distribution of coreboot); "
+"the problem is getting specs for machines so that LibreBoot can support them "
+"without nonfree “blobs.”"
+msgstr ""
+"(ÐамеÑание 2008 года: ÑÑÐ¾Ñ Ð²Ð¾Ð¿ÑÐ¾Ñ Ñакже
каÑаеÑÑÑ BIOS. ÐÑÑÑ ÑÐ²Ð¾Ð±Ð¾Ð´Ð½Ð°Ñ "
+"BIOS, назÑÐ²Ð°ÐµÐ¼Ð°Ñ <a
href=\"http://www.libreboot.org/\";>LibreBoot</a> "
+"(диÑÑÑибÑÑив coreboot); пÑоблема ÑоÑÑÐ¾Ð¸Ñ Ð²
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+"ÑÑÐ¾Ð±Ñ LibreBoot мог иÑ
поддеÑживаÑÑ Ð±ÐµÐ·
неÑвободнÑÑ
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+
+#. type: Content of: <div><ol><li>
+# | [-[Subsequent note: in-]{+In+} September 2000, Qt was rereleased under the
+# | GNU GPL, which essentially solved this problem.[-]-]
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "[Subsequent note: in September 2000, Qt was rereleased under the GNU GPL, "
+#| "which essentially solved this problem.]"
+msgid ""
+"In September 2000, Qt was rereleased under the GNU GPL, which essentially "
+"solved this problem."
+msgstr ""
+"[ÐоÑледÑÑÑее замеÑание: в ÑенÑÑбÑе
2000 года Qt бÑла пеÑевÑпÑÑена под "
+"GNU GPL, ÑÑо по ÑÑÑеÑÑÐ²Ñ ÑеÑило ÑÑÑ Ð¿ÑоблемÑ.]"
+
+#. type: Content of: <div><ol><li>
+msgid "As of 2009, the GIF patents have expired."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <div><ol><li>
+msgid ""
+"As of 2017, the MP3 patents have expired. Look how long we had to wait."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <div><div><p>
+# | Originally published in the book [-<em>Open Sources</em>.-] {+<cite>Open
+# | Sources</cite>.+} Richard Stallman was <a
+# | href=\"/philosophy/open-source-misses-the-point.html\"> never a supporter
+# | of “open source”</a>, but contributed this article so that the
+# | ideas of the free software movement would not be entirely absent from that
+# | book.
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "Originally published in the book <em>Open Sources</em>. Richard Stallman "
+#| "was <a href=\"/philosophy/open-source-misses-the-point.html\"> never a "
+#| "supporter of “open source”</a>, but contributed this article "
+#| "so that the ideas of the free software movement would not be entirely "
+#| "absent from that book."
+msgid ""
+"Originally published in the book <cite>Open Sources</cite>. Richard "
+"Stallman was <a href=\"/philosophy/open-source-misses-the-point.html\"> "
+"never a supporter of “open source”</a>, but contributed this "
+"article so that the ideas of the free software movement would not be "
+"entirely absent from that book."
+msgstr ""
+"ÐеÑвонаÑалÑно опÑбликовано в книге
<em>ÐÑкÑÑÑÑе иÑÑ
однÑе ÑекÑÑÑ</em>. РиÑаÑд "
+"СÑолмен <a href=\"/philosophy/open-source-misses-the-point.html\">
никогда "
+"не бÑл ÑÑоÑонником “оÑкÑÑÑого иÑÑ
одного ÑекÑÑа”</a>, но он "
+"пеÑедал ÑÑÑ ÑÑаÑÑÑ, ÑÑÐ¾Ð±Ñ Ð¸Ð´ÐµÐ¸ Ð´Ð²Ð¸Ð¶ÐµÐ½Ð¸Ñ Ð·Ð°
Ñвободное пÑогÑаммное обеÑпеÑение "
+"не оÑÑÑÑÑÑвовали в ÑÑой книге полноÑÑÑÑ."
+
# type: Content of: <div><div>
#. TRANSLATORS: Use space (SPC) as msgstr if you don't have notes.
#. type: Content of: <div>
@@ -2271,14 +2774,20 @@
#. Please send your comments and general suggestions in this regard
#. to <a href="mailto:web-translators@gnu.org";>
#. <web-translators@gnu.org></a>.</p>
-#. <p>For information on coordinating and submitting translations of
+#. <p>For information on coordinating and contributing translations of
#. our web pages, see <a
#. href="/server/standards/README.translations.html">Translations
#. README</a>.
#. type: Content of: <div><div><p>
+# || No change detected. The change might only be in amounts of spaces.
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "Please see the <a href=\"/server/standards/README.translations.html"
+#| "\">Translations README</a> for information on coordinating and "
+#| "contributing translations of this article."
msgid ""
"Please see the <a href=\"/server/standards/README.translations.html"
-"\">Translations README</a> for information on coordinating and submitting "
+"\">Translations README</a> for information on coordinating and contributing "
"translations of this article."
msgstr ""
"ÐÑ ÑÑаÑалиÑÑ ÑделаÑÑ ÑÑÐ¾Ñ Ð¿ÐµÑевод ÑоÑнÑм
и каÑеÑÑвеннÑм, но иÑклÑÑиÑÑ "
@@ -2290,9 +2799,15 @@
# type: Content of: <div><p>
#. type: Content of: <div><p>
+# | Copyright © 1998, [-2001, 2002,-] 2005, [-2006, 2007,-] 2008, 2010,
+# | 201[-4-]{+2+}, 2015, 2017, 2018, 202[-0-]{+1+} Richard Stallman
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "Copyright © 1998, 2001, 2002, 2005, 2006, 2007, 2008, 2010, 2014, "
+#| "2015, 2017, 2018, 2020 Richard Stallman"
msgid ""
-"Copyright © 1998, 2001, 2002, 2005, 2006, 2007, 2008, 2010, 2014, 2015, "
-"2017, 2018, 2020 Richard Stallman"
+"Copyright © 1998, 2005, 2008, 2010, 2012, 2015, 2017, 2018, 2021 "
+"Richard Stallman"
msgstr ""
"Copyright © 1998, 2001, 2002, 2005, 2006, 2007, 2008, 2010, 2014, 2015, "
"2017, 2018, 2020 Richard Stallman</p><p>Copyright © 2015, 2017, 2018, "
@@ -2325,14 +2840,13 @@
msgstr "Ðбновлено:"
# type: Content of: <div><p>
-#. type: Content of: <div><p>
-msgid ""
-"Copyright © 1998, 2001, 2002, 2005, 2006, 2007, 2008, 2010, 2014, 2015, "
-"2017, 2018, 2020, 2021 Richard Stallman"
-msgstr ""
-"Copyright © 1998, 2001, 2002, 2005, 2006, 2007, 2008, 2010, 2014, 2015, "
-"2017, 2018, 2020, 2021 Richard Stallman</p><p>Copyright © 2015, 2017, "
-"2018, 2020, 2021 Free Software Foundation, Inc. (translation)"
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "Copyright © 1998, 2001, 2002, 2005, 2006, 2007, 2008, 2010, 2014, "
+#~ "2015, 2017, 2018, 2020, 2021 Richard Stallman"
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "Copyright © 1998, 2001, 2002, 2005, 2006, 2007, 2008, 2010, 2014, "
+#~ "2015, 2017, 2018, 2020, 2021 Richard Stallman</p><p>Copyright © "
+#~ "2015, 2017, 2018, 2020, 2021 Free Software Foundation, Inc. (translation)"
#~ msgid ""
#~ "We call this system version GNU/Linux, to express its composition as a "
Index: thegnuproject.sq.po
===================================================================
RCS file: /web/www/www/gnu/po/thegnuproject.sq.po,v
retrieving revision 1.84
retrieving revision 1.85
diff -u -b -r1.84 -r1.85
--- thegnuproject.sq.po 29 Aug 2020 10:29:38 -0000 1.84
+++ thegnuproject.sq.po 24 Oct 2021 07:31:38 -0000 1.85
@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@
msgid ""
msgstr ""
"Project-Id-Version: \n"
-"POT-Creation-Date: 2020-07-12 02:25+0000\n"
+"POT-Creation-Date: 2021-10-24 07:25+0000\n"
"PO-Revision-Date: \n"
"Last-Translator: Besnik Bleta <besnik@programeshqip.org>\n"
"Language-Team: \n"
@@ -14,6 +14,7 @@
"MIME-Version: 1.0\n"
"Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8\n"
"Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit\n"
+"X-Outdated-Since: 2021-10-24 07:25+0000\n"
"X-Generator: Poedit 2.4.1\n"
# type: Content of: <title>
@@ -28,47 +29,23 @@
"GNU, Projekti GNU, FSF, Free Software, Free Software Foundation, Historik"
# type: Content of: <h2>
-#. type: Content of: <h2>
+#. type: Content of: <div><h2>
msgid "The GNU Project"
msgstr "Projekti GNU"
-#. type: Content of: <p>
-msgid ""
-"by <a href=\"http://www.stallman.org/\";><strong>Richard Stallman</strong></a>"
-msgstr ""
-"nga <a href=\"http://www.stallman.org/\";><strong>Richard Stallman</strong></"
-"a>"
-
-#. type: Content of: <blockquote><p>
-msgid ""
-"Originally published in the book <em>Open Sources</em>. Richard Stallman "
-"was <a href=\"/philosophy/open-source-misses-the-point.html\"> never a "
-"supporter of “open source”</a>, but contributed this article so "
-"that the ideas of the free software movement would not be entirely absent "
-"from that book."
-msgstr ""
-"Botuar fillimisht në librin <em>Burime të Hapura</em>. Richard Stallman-i "
-"nuk ka qenë kurrë <a
href=\"/philosophy/open-source-misses-the-point.html\"> "
-"përkrahës i “burimit të hapur”</a>, por kontribuoi me këtë "
-"artikull që kështu idetë e lëvizjes për <em>software</em> të lirë të
mos "
-"ishin fare të paprekura në atë libër."
-
-#. type: Content of: <blockquote><p>
-msgid ""
-"Why it is even more important than ever <a href=\"/philosophy/free-software-"
-"even-more-important.html\">to insist that the software we use be free</a>."
-msgstr ""
-"Pse është më e rëndësishme se kurrë të <a
href=\"/philosophy/free-software-"
-"even-more-important.html\">këmbëngulet që software-i që përdorim të
jetë i "
-"lirë</a>."
+#. type: Content of: <div><address>
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid "by <a href=\"https://www.stallman.org/\";>Richard Stallman</a>"
+msgid "by <a href=\"https://www.stallman.org/\";>Richard Stallman</a>"
+msgstr "nga <a href=\"https://www.stallman.org/\";>Richard Stallman</a>"
# type: Content of: <h3>
-#. type: Content of: <h3>
+#. type: Content of: <div><h3>
msgid "The first software-sharing community"
msgstr "Bashkësia e parë e ndarjes së software-it me të tjerët"
# type: Content of: <p>
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"When I started working at the <abbr title=\"Massachusetts Institute of "
"Technology\">MIT</abbr> Artificial Intelligence Lab in 1971, I became part "
@@ -86,15 +63,24 @@
"tjetër."
# type: Content of: <p>
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "The AI Lab used a timesharing operating system called <abbr title="
+#| "\"Incompatible Timesharing System\">ITS</abbr> (the Incompatible "
+#| "Timesharing System) that the lab's staff hackers (1) had designed and "
+#| "written in assembler language for the Digital <abbr title=\"Programmed "
+#| "Data Processor\">PDP</abbr>-10, one of the large computers of the era. "
+#| "As a member of this community, an AI Lab staff system hacker, my job was "
+#| "to improve this system."
msgid ""
"The AI Lab used a timesharing operating system called <abbr title="
"\"Incompatible Timesharing System\">ITS</abbr> (the Incompatible Timesharing "
-"System) that the lab's staff hackers (1) had designed and written in "
-"assembler language for the Digital <abbr title=\"Programmed Data Processor"
-"\">PDP</abbr>-10, one of the large computers of the era. As a member of "
-"this community, an AI Lab staff system hacker, my job was to improve this "
-"system."
+"System) that the lab's staff hackers <a href=\"#ft1\">[1]</a> had "
+"designed and written in assembler language for the Digital <abbr title="
+"\"Programmed Data Processor\">PDP</abbr>-10, one of the large computers of "
+"the era. As a member of this community, an AI Lab staff system hacker, my "
+"job was to improve this system."
msgstr ""
"Laboratori i IA-së përdorte një sistem operativ me ndarje kohe, të
quajtur "
"<abbr title=\"Incompatible Timesharing System\">ITS</abbr> (the Incompatible "
@@ -105,9 +91,17 @@
"puna ime kish të bënte me përmirësimin e sistemit."
# type: Content of: <p>
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "We did not call our software “free software”, because that "
+#| "term did not yet exist; but that is what it was. Whenever people from "
+#| "another university or a company wanted to port and use a program, we "
+#| "gladly let them. If you saw someone using an unfamiliar and interesting "
+#| "program, you could always ask to see the source code, so that you could "
+#| "read it, change it, or cannibalize parts of it to make a new program."
msgid ""
-"We did not call our software “free software”, because that term "
+"We did not call our software “free software,” because that term "
"did not yet exist; but that is what it was. Whenever people from another "
"university or a company wanted to port and use a program, we gladly let "
"them. If you saw someone using an unfamiliar and interesting program, you "
@@ -122,30 +116,22 @@
"kodin burim, që të mund ta lexonit, ndryshonit, ose kanibalizonit copa prej
"
"tij për të bërë një program të ri."
-# type: Content of: <p>
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><div><p>
msgid ""
-"(1) The use of “hacker” to mean “security breaker” "
-"is a confusion on the part of the mass media. We hackers refuse to "
-"recognize that meaning, and continue using the word to mean someone who "
-"loves to program, someone who enjoys playful cleverness, or the combination "
-"of the two. See my article, <a href=\"http://stallman.org/articles/on-";
-"hacking.html\">On Hacking</a>."
+"Why it is even more important than ever <a href=\"/philosophy/free-software-"
+"even-more-important.html\">to insist that the software we use be free</a>."
msgstr ""
-"(1) Përdorimi i “hacker” për të nënkuptuar kështu një
“"
-"shkelës të sigurisë” është ngatërresë nga ana e masmedias. Ne
hackers-"
-"ët nuk pranojmë ta njohim këtë nënkuptim, dhe vazhdojmë ta përdorim
fjalën "
-"për të nënkuptuar dikë të cilit i pëlqen të programojë dhe kënaqet
që i di "
-"yçklat, ose një ndërthurje të të dyjave. Shihni artikullin tim, <a
href="
-"\"http://stallman.org/articles/on-hacking.html\";>On Hacking</a>."
+"Pse është më e rëndësishme se kurrë të <a
href=\"/philosophy/free-software-"
+"even-more-important.html\">këmbëngulet që software-i që përdorim të
jetë i "
+"lirë</a>."
# type: Content of: <h3>
-#. type: Content of: <h3>
+#. type: Content of: <div><h3>
msgid "The collapse of the community"
msgstr "Vithisja e bashkësisë"
# type: Content of: <p>
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"The situation changed drastically in the early 1980s when Digital "
"discontinued the PDP-10 series. Its architecture, elegant and powerful in "
@@ -160,15 +146,24 @@
"thuajse krejt programet që përbënin ITS-në qenë të vjetruar."
# type: Content of: <p>
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "The AI Lab hacker community had already collapsed, not long before. In "
+#| "1981, the spin-off company Symbolics had hired away nearly all of the "
+#| "hackers from the AI Lab, and the depopulated community was unable to "
+#| "maintain itself. (The book Hackers, by Steve Levy, describes these "
+#| "events, as well as giving a clear picture of this community in its "
+#| "prime.) When the AI Lab bought a new PDP-10 in 1982, its administrators "
+#| "decided to use Digital's nonfree timesharing system instead of ITS."
msgid ""
"The AI Lab hacker community had already collapsed, not long before. In "
"1981, the spin-off company Symbolics had hired away nearly all of the "
"hackers from the AI Lab, and the depopulated community was unable to "
-"maintain itself. (The book Hackers, by Steve Levy, describes these events, "
-"as well as giving a clear picture of this community in its prime.) When the "
-"AI Lab bought a new PDP-10 in 1982, its administrators decided to use "
-"Digital's nonfree timesharing system instead of ITS."
+"maintain itself. (The book <cite>Hackers</cite>, by Steve Levy, describes "
+"these events, as well as giving a clear picture of this community in its "
+"prime.) When the AI Lab bought a new PDP-10 in 1982, its administrators "
+"decided to use Digital's nonfree timesharing system instead of ITS."
msgstr ""
"Bashkësia e hacker-ëve e laboratorit IA ish rrënuar tashmë, jo shumë
kohë më "
"parë. Më 1981, shoqëria Symbolics, e sapolindur, pat punësuar thuajse
krejt "
@@ -180,7 +175,7 @@
"ITS-së."
# type: Content of: <p>
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"The modern computers of the era, such as the VAX or the 68020, had their own "
"operating systems, but none of them were free software: you had to sign a "
@@ -192,7 +187,7 @@
"të ekzekutueshme."
# type: Content of: <p>
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"This meant that the first step in using a computer was to promise not to "
"help your neighbor. A cooperating community was forbidden. The rule made "
@@ -207,7 +202,7 @@
"deshët ndonjë ndryshim, na lusni që tâi bëjmë.”"
# type: Content of: <p>
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"The idea that the proprietary software social system—the system that "
"says you are not allowed to share or change software—is antisocial, "
@@ -231,11 +226,19 @@
"njerëzit se ka vetëm një mënyrë se si mund të shihet çështja."
# type: Content of: <p>
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "When software publishers talk about “enforcing” their “"
+#| "rights” or “stopping <a href=\"/philosophy/words-to-avoid."
+#| "html#Piracy\">piracy</a>”, what they actually <em>say</em> is "
+#| "secondary. The real message of these statements is in the unstated "
+#| "assumptions they take for granted, which the public is asked to accept "
+#| "without examination. Let's therefore examine them."
msgid ""
"When software publishers talk about “enforcing” their “"
"rights” or “stopping <a href=\"/philosophy/words-to-avoid."
-"html#Piracy\">piracy</a>”, what they actually <em>say</em> is "
+"html#Piracy\">piracy</a>,” what they actually <em>say</em> is "
"secondary. The real message of these statements is in the unstated "
"assumptions they take for granted, which the public is asked to accept "
"without examination. Let's therefore examine them."
@@ -249,7 +252,7 @@
"shqyrtim."
# type: Content of: <p>
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"One assumption is that software companies have an unquestionable natural "
"right to own software and thus have power over all its users. (If this were "
@@ -268,7 +271,7 @@
"të përdoruesit për kopjime."
# type: Content of: <p>
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"Another unstated assumption is that the only important thing about software "
"is what jobs it allows you to do—that we computer users should not "
@@ -280,7 +283,7 @@
"kemi."
# type: Content of: <p>
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"A third assumption is that we would have no usable software (or would never "
"have a program to do this or that particular job) if we did not offer a "
@@ -296,7 +299,7 @@
"krijojmë mjaft software të dobishëm pa vënë zinxhirë në ta."
# type: Content of: <p>
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"If we decline to accept these assumptions, and judge these issues based on "
"ordinary commonsense morality while placing the users first, we arrive at "
@@ -312,13 +315,20 @@
"in me të tjerët, ngaqë të ndihmosh njerëz të tjerë është themeli i
shoqërisë."
# type: Content of: <p>
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "There is no room here for an extensive statement of the reasoning behind "
+#| "this conclusion, so I refer the reader to the web pages <a href=\"/"
+#| "philosophy/why-free.html\"> http://www.gnu.org/philosophy/why-free.html</"
+#| "a> and <a href=\"/philosophy/free-software-even-more-important.html\"> "
+#| "http://www.gnu.org/philosophy/free-software-even-more-important.html</a>."
msgid ""
"There is no room here for an extensive statement of the reasoning behind "
-"this conclusion, so I refer the reader to the web pages <a href=\"/"
-"philosophy/why-free.html\"> http://www.gnu.org/philosophy/why-free.html</a> "
-"and <a href=\"/philosophy/free-software-even-more-important.html\"> http://";
-"www.gnu.org/philosophy/free-software-even-more-important.html</a>."
+"this conclusion, so I refer the reader to “<a href=\"/philosophy/why-"
+"free.html\">Why Software Should Not Have Owners</a>,” and “<a "
+"href=\"/philosophy/free-software-even-more-important.html\">Free Software Is "
+"Even More Important Now</a>.”"
msgstr ""
"Këtu nuk ka vend të mjaftueshëm për shtjellim të zgjeruar të arsyeve
që "
"qëndrojnë prapa këtij përfundimi, ndaj po i tregoj përdoruesit faqet web
<a "
@@ -327,12 +337,12 @@
"http://www.gnu.org/philosophy/free-software-even-more-important.html</a>."
# type: Content of: <h3>
-#. type: Content of: <h3>
+#. type: Content of: <div><h3>
msgid "A stark moral choice"
msgstr "Një zgjedhje e ashpër morale"
# type: Content of: <p>
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"With my community gone, to continue as before was impossible. Instead, I "
"faced a stark moral choice."
@@ -341,7 +351,7 @@
"të saj, u përballa me një zgjedhje morale të ashpër."
# type: Content of: <p>
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"The easy choice was to join the proprietary software world, signing "
"nondisclosure agreements and promising not to help my fellow hacker. Most "
@@ -357,7 +367,7 @@
"kolegët e tyre."
# type: Content of: <p>
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"I could have made money this way, and perhaps amused myself writing code. "
"But I knew that at the end of my career, I would look back on years of "
@@ -370,7 +380,7 @@
"kisha harxhuar jetën time për ta bërë botën një vend më të lig."
# type: Content of: <p>
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"I had already experienced being on the receiving end of a nondisclosure "
"agreement, when someone refused to give me and the MIT AI Lab the source "
@@ -389,7 +399,7 @@
"të ktheja shpinën dhe tâu bëja të njëjtën gjë të tjerëve."
# type: Content of: <p>
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"Another choice, straightforward but unpleasant, was to leave the computer "
"field. That way my skills would not be misused, but they would still be "
@@ -402,7 +412,7 @@
"përdoruesve, por kjo do të ndodhte prapëseprapë."
# type: Content of: <p>
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"So I looked for a way that a programmer could do something for the good. I "
"asked myself, was there a program or programs that I could write, so as to "
@@ -413,7 +423,7 @@
"tâi shkruaja, që të bëja të mundshme një bashkësi si njëherë e një
kohë?"
# type: Content of: <p>
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"The answer was clear: what was needed first was an operating system. That "
"is the crucial software for starting to use a computer. With an operating "
@@ -432,7 +442,16 @@
"fillonte duke bërë plane fshehtas se si tâu heqë lirinë miqve të tij."
# type: Content of: <p>
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "As an operating system developer, I had the right skills for this job. "
+#| "So even though I could not take success for granted, I realized that I "
+#| "was elected to do the job. I chose to make the system compatible with "
+#| "Unix so that it would be portable, and so that Unix users could easily "
+#| "switch to it. The name GNU was chosen, following a hacker tradition, as "
+#| "a recursive acronym for “GNU's Not Unix.” It is pronounced as "
+#| "<a href=\"/gnu/pronunciation.html\">one syllable with a hard g</a>."
msgid ""
"As an operating system developer, I had the right skills for this job. So "
"even though I could not take success for granted, I realized that I was "
@@ -440,7 +459,7 @@
"that it would be portable, and so that Unix users could easily switch to "
"it. The name GNU was chosen, following a hacker tradition, as a recursive "
"acronym for “GNU's Not Unix.” It is pronounced as <a href=\"/gnu/"
-"pronunciation.html\">one syllable with a hard g</a>."
+"pronunciation.html\">one syllable with a hard <i>g</i></a>."
msgstr ""
"Si zhvillues sistemesh operativë, kisha aftësitë e duhura për këtë
punë. "
"Ndaj, edhe pse nuk mendoja se e kisha suksesin në xhep, e kuptova se isha "
@@ -452,7 +471,7 @@
"rrokje me një g të fortë</a>."
# type: Content of: <p>
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"An operating system does not mean just a kernel, barely enough to run other "
"programs. In the 1970s, every operating system worthy of the name included "
@@ -468,44 +487,39 @@
"Do të duhej tâi përfshinte edhe sistemi operativ GNU."
# type: Content of: <p>
-#. type: Content of: <p>
-msgid "Later I heard these words, attributed to Hillel (1):"
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid "Later I heard these words, attributed to Hillel (1):"
+msgid ""
+"Later I heard these words, attributed to Hillel <a href=\"#ft2\">[2]</"
+"a>:"
msgstr "Më vonë dëgjova këto fjalë, që ia veshin Hillel-it (1):"
-#. type: Content of: <blockquote><p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><blockquote><p>
msgid "If I am not for myself, who will be for me?"
msgstr "Po sâbëra për veten, kush do të bëjë për mua?"
-#. type: Content of: <blockquote><p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><blockquote><p>
msgid "If I am only for myself, what am I?"
msgstr "Po qe se jam vetëm për veten time, çâjam?"
-#. type: Content of: <blockquote><p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><blockquote><p>
msgid "If not now, when?"
msgstr "Nëse jo tani, kur?"
# type: Content of: <p>
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid "The decision to start the GNU Project was based on a similar spirit."
msgstr ""
"Vendimi për të filluar Projektin GNU e pati bazën në një frymë të
ngjashme."
-# type: Content of: <p>
-#. type: Content of: <p>
-msgid ""
-"(1) As an Atheist, I don't follow any religious leaders, but I sometimes "
-"find I admire something one of them has said."
-msgstr ""
-"(1) Si ateist që jam, nuk ndjek ndonjë lider fetar, por ndonjëherë shoh
se "
-"admiroj ndonjë gjë mund të ketë thënë ndonjëri prej tyre."
-
# type: Content of: <h3>
-#. type: Content of: <h3>
+#. type: Content of: <div><h3>
msgid "Free as in freedom"
msgstr "I lirë si te liria"
# type: Content of: <p>
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"The term “free software” is sometimes misunderstood—it has "
"nothing to do with price. It is about freedom. Here, therefore, is the "
@@ -516,18 +530,18 @@
"i software-it të lirë."
# type: Content of: <p>
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid "A program is free software, for you, a particular user, if:"
msgstr ""
"Për ju, një përdorues i dhënë, programi është <em>software</em> i
lirë, nëse:"
# type: Content of: <ul><li>
-#. type: Content of: <ul><li>
+#. type: Content of: <div><ul><li>
msgid "You have the freedom to run the program as you wish, for any purpose."
msgstr "Jeni i lirë ta xhironi programin si të doni, për çfarëdo
qëllimi."
# type: Content of: <ul><li>
-#. type: Content of: <ul><li>
+#. type: Content of: <div><ul><li>
msgid ""
"You have the freedom to modify the program to suit your needs. (To make "
"this freedom effective in practice, you must have access to the source code, "
@@ -540,13 +554,13 @@
"jashtë mase e vështirë.)"
# type: Content of: <ul><li>
-#. type: Content of: <ul><li>
+#. type: Content of: <div><ul><li>
msgid ""
"You have the freedom to redistribute copies, either gratis or for a fee."
msgstr "Jeni i lirë të rishpërndani kopjet, falas ose kundrejt një pagese."
# type: Content of: <ul><li>
-#. type: Content of: <ul><li>
+#. type: Content of: <div><ul><li>
msgid ""
"You have the freedom to distribute modified versions of the program, so that "
"the community can benefit from your improvements."
@@ -555,7 +569,7 @@
"prej përmirësimeve tuaja të mund të përfitojë bashkësia."
# type: Content of: <p>
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"Since “free” refers to freedom, not to price, there is no "
"contradiction between selling copies and free software. In fact, the "
@@ -574,14 +588,24 @@
"i lirë."
# type: Content of: <p>
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "Because of the ambiguity of “free”, people have long looked "
+#| "for alternatives, but no one has found a better term. The English "
+#| "language has more words and nuances than any other, but it lacks a "
+#| "simple, unambiguous, word that means “free”, as in "
+#| "freedom—“unfettered” being the word that comes closest "
+#| "in meaning. Such alternatives as “liberated”, “"
+#| "freedom”, and “open” have either the wrong meaning or "
+#| "some other disadvantage."
msgid ""
-"Because of the ambiguity of “free”, people have long looked for "
+"Because of the ambiguity of “free,” people have long looked for "
"alternatives, but no one has found a better term. The English language has "
"more words and nuances than any other, but it lacks a simple, unambiguous, "
-"word that means “free”, as in freedom—“"
+"word that means “free,” as in freedom—“"
"unfettered” being the word that comes closest in meaning. Such "
-"alternatives as “liberated”, “freedom”, and “"
+"alternatives as “liberated,” “freedom,” and “"
"open” have either the wrong meaning or some other disadvantage."
msgstr ""
"Për shkak të dykuptimësisë së “i lirë”, njerëzit kanë
kërkuar "
@@ -594,12 +618,12 @@
"ndonjë mangësi tjetër."
# type: Content of: <h3>
-#. type: Content of: <h3>
+#. type: Content of: <div><h3>
msgid "GNU software and the GNU system"
msgstr "Software-i GNU dhe sistemi GNU"
# type: Content of: <p>
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"Developing a whole system is a very large project. To bring it into reach, "
"I decided to adapt and use existing pieces of free software wherever that "
@@ -614,7 +638,7 @@
"System në vend që të shkruaja një tjetër sistem dritaresh për GNU-në."
# type: Content of: <p>
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"Because of these decisions, and others like them, the GNU system is not the "
"same as the collection of all GNU software. The GNU system includes "
@@ -629,12 +653,12 @@
"përdorim sepse janë <em>software</em> i lirë."
# type: Content of: <h3>
-#. type: Content of: <h3>
+#. type: Content of: <div><h3>
msgid "Commencing the project"
msgstr "Fillimi i projektit"
# type: Content of: <p>
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"In January 1984 I quit my job at MIT and began writing GNU software. "
"Leaving MIT was necessary so that MIT would not be able to interfere with "
@@ -656,7 +680,7 @@
"software-i me të tjerët."
# type: Content of: <p>
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"However, Professor Winston, then the head of the MIT AI Lab, kindly invited "
"me to keep using the lab's facilities."
@@ -665,16 +689,24 @@
"dashamirësi të vazhdoja të përdorja mjetet e laboratorit."
# type: Content of: <h3>
-#. type: Content of: <h3>
+#. type: Content of: <div><h3>
msgid "The first steps"
msgstr "Hapat e parë"
# type: Content of: <p>
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "Shortly before beginning the GNU Project, I heard about the Free "
+#| "University Compiler Kit, also known as VUCK. (The Dutch word for “"
+#| "free” is written with a <em>v</em>.) This was a compiler designed "
+#| "to handle multiple languages, including C and Pascal, and to support "
+#| "multiple target machines. I wrote to its author asking if GNU could use "
+#| "it."
msgid ""
"Shortly before beginning the GNU Project, I heard about the Free University "
"Compiler Kit, also known as VUCK. (The Dutch word for “free” is "
-"written with a <em>v</em>.) This was a compiler designed to handle multiple "
+"written with a <i>v</i>.) This was a compiler designed to handle multiple "
"languages, including C and Pascal, and to support multiple target machines. "
"I wrote to its author asking if GNU could use it."
msgstr ""
@@ -685,7 +717,7 @@
"makinash. I shkrova autorit dhe e pyeta nëse mund të përdorej nga GNU-ja."
# type: Content of: <p>
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"He responded derisively, stating that the university was free but the "
"compiler was not. I therefore decided that my first program for the GNU "
@@ -696,7 +728,7 @@
"të duhej të ishte një përpilues shumëgjuhësh, shumëplatformësh."
# type: Content of: <p>
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"Hoping to avoid the need to write the whole compiler myself, I obtained the "
"source code for the Pastel compiler, which was a multiplatform compiler "
@@ -717,11 +749,22 @@
"Unix 68000 do të mund të lejonte vetëm 64k."
# type: Content of: <p>
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "I then realized that the Pastel compiler functioned by parsing the entire "
+#| "input file into a syntax tree, converting the whole syntax tree into a "
+#| "chain of “instructions”, and then generating the whole output "
+#| "file, without ever freeing any storage. At this point, I concluded I "
+#| "would have to write a new compiler from scratch. That new compiler is "
+#| "now known as <abbr title=\"GNU Compiler Collection\">GCC</abbr>; none of "
+#| "the Pastel compiler is used in it, but I managed to adapt and use the C "
+#| "front end that I had written. But that was some years later; first, I "
+#| "worked on GNU Emacs."
msgid ""
"I then realized that the Pastel compiler functioned by parsing the entire "
"input file into a syntax tree, converting the whole syntax tree into a chain "
-"of “instructions”, and then generating the whole output file, "
+"of “instructions,” and then generating the whole output file, "
"without ever freeing any storage. At this point, I concluded I would have "
"to write a new compiler from scratch. That new compiler is now known as "
"<abbr title=\"GNU Compiler Collection\">GCC</abbr>; none of the Pastel "
@@ -739,12 +782,12 @@
"vitesh; së pari, u mora me GNU Emacs-in."
# type: Content of: <h3>
-#. type: Content of: <h3>
+#. type: Content of: <div><h3>
msgid "GNU Emacs"
msgstr "GNU Emacs"
# type: Content of: <p>
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"I began work on GNU Emacs in September 1984, and in early 1985 it was "
"beginning to be usable. This enabled me to begin using Unix systems to do "
@@ -757,7 +800,7 @@
"përpunimet e mia deri atëherë i pata bërë në lloje të tjera makinash."
# type: Content of: <p>
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"At this point, people began wanting to use GNU Emacs, which raised the "
"question of how to distribute it. Of course, I put it on the anonymous ftp "
@@ -778,7 +821,7 @@
"së. Kështu që pyetja bëhej: çfarë duhej tâu thosha?"
# type: Content of: <p>
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"I could have said, “Find a friend who is on the net and who will make "
"a copy for you.” Or I could have done what I did with the original "
@@ -801,12 +844,12 @@
"shpërndajnë shpërndarje të plota sistemi GNU/Linux."
# type: Content of: <h3>
-#. type: Content of: <h3>
+#. type: Content of: <div><h3>
msgid "Is a program free for every user?"
msgstr "A është një program i lirë për secilin përdorues?"
# type: Content of: <p>
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"If a program is free software when it leaves the hands of its author, this "
"does not necessarily mean it will be free software for everyone who has a "
@@ -828,7 +871,7 @@
"cilat lejojnë versione të ndryshuara pronësore."
# type: Content of: <p>
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"The paradigmatic example of this problem is the X Window System. Developed "
"at MIT, and released as free software with a permissive license, it was soon "
@@ -844,11 +887,18 @@
"lirë se sa çâqe Unix-i vetë."
# type: Content of: <p>
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "The developers of the X Window System did not consider this a "
+#| "problem—they expected and intended this to happen. Their goal was "
+#| "not freedom, just “success”, defined as “having many "
+#| "users.” They did not care whether these users had freedom, only "
+#| "that they should be numerous."
msgid ""
"The developers of the X Window System did not consider this a problem—"
"they expected and intended this to happen. Their goal was not freedom, just "
-"“success”, defined as “having many users.” They did "
+"“success,” defined as “having many users.” They did "
"not care whether these users had freedom, only that they should be numerous."
msgstr ""
"Hartuesit e X Window System nuk e quajtën problem këtë—e prisnin dhe
e "
@@ -858,7 +908,7 @@
"por vetëm që këta të ishin shumë."
# type: Content of: <p>
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"This led to a paradoxical situation where two different ways of counting the "
"amount of freedom gave different answers to the question, “Is this "
@@ -878,17 +928,23 @@
"versionet pronësore që vinin bashkë me sistemet Unix, jo versionin e
lirë."
# type: Content of: <h3>
-#. type: Content of: <h3>
+#. type: Content of: <div><h3>
msgid "Copyleft and the GNU GPL"
msgstr "Copyleft-i dhe GNU GPL"
# type: Content of: <p>
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "The goal of GNU was to give users freedom, not just to be popular. So we "
+#| "needed to use distribution terms that would prevent GNU software from "
+#| "being turned into proprietary software. The method we use is called "
+#| "“copyleft”.(1)"
msgid ""
"The goal of GNU was to give users freedom, not just to be popular. So we "
"needed to use distribution terms that would prevent GNU software from being "
"turned into proprietary software. The method we use is called “"
-"copyleft”.(1)"
+"copyleft” <a href=\"#ft3\">[3]</a>."
msgstr ""
"Synimi i GNU-së qe tâi jepte përdoruesve liri, jo thjeshtë të ishte "
"popullor. Ndaj na duhej të përdornim kushte shpërndarjeje që do të "
@@ -896,7 +952,7 @@
"Metoda që përdorim quhet “copyleft”.(1)"
# type: Content of: <p>
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"Copyleft uses copyright law, but flips it over to serve the opposite of its "
"usual purpose: instead of a means for restricting a program, it becomes a "
@@ -908,7 +964,7 @@
"mjet për mbajtjen të lirë të software-it."
# type: Content of: <p>
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"The central idea of copyleft is that we give everyone permission to run the "
"program, copy the program, modify the program, and distribute modified "
@@ -924,7 +980,7 @@
"të drejta të patjetërsueshme."
# type: Content of: <p>
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"For an effective copyleft, modified versions must also be free. This "
"ensures that work based on ours becomes available to our community if it is "
@@ -942,7 +998,7 @@
"version tonë pronësor të programit.”"
# type: Content of: <p>
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"The requirement that changes must be free is essential if we want to ensure "
"freedom for every user of the program. The companies that privatized the X "
@@ -961,7 +1017,7 @@
"shfajësimi."
# type: Content of: <p>
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"A related issue concerns combining a free program with nonfree code. Such a "
"combination would inevitably be nonfree; whichever freedoms are lacking for "
@@ -982,13 +1038,21 @@
"<i>copyleft</i>."
# type: Content of: <p>
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "The specific implementation of copyleft that we use for most GNU software "
+#| "is the GNU General Public License, or GNU GPL for short. We have other "
+#| "kinds of copyleft that are used in specific circumstances. GNU manuals "
+#| "are copylefted also, but use a much simpler kind of copyleft, because the "
+#| "complexity of the GNU GPL is not necessary for manuals.(2)"
msgid ""
"The specific implementation of copyleft that we use for most GNU software is "
"the GNU General Public License, or GNU GPL for short. We have other kinds "
"of copyleft that are used in specific circumstances. GNU manuals are "
"copylefted also, but use a much simpler kind of copyleft, because the "
-"complexity of the GNU GPL is not necessary for manuals.(2)"
+"complexity of the GNU GPL is not necessary for manuals. <a href="
+"\"#ft4\">[4]</a>"
msgstr ""
"Sendërtimi specifik i <i>copyleft</i>-it që përdorim për shumicën e
software-"
"it GNU është GNU General Public License (Leja e Përgjithshme Publike), ose
"
@@ -997,41 +1061,27 @@
"i>, por përdorin një lloj <i>copyleft</i>-i shumë më të thjeshtë,
ngaqë "
"ndërlikueshmëria e GNU GPL nuk është e nevojshme për doracakë.(2)"
-# type: Content of: <p>
-#. type: Content of: <p>
-msgid ""
-"(1) In 1984 or 1985, Don Hopkins (a very imaginative fellow) mailed me a "
-"letter. On the envelope he had written several amusing sayings, including "
-"this one: “Copyleft—all rights reversed.” I used the word "
-"“copyleft” to name the distribution concept I was developing at "
-"the time."
-msgstr ""
-"(1) Më 1984 ose 1985, Don Hopkins (një djalë me shumë imagjinatë) më
dërgoi "
-"një letër. Mbi zarf kishte shkruar disa thënie zbavitëse, përfshi edhe "
-"këtë: “Copyleft—all rights reversed.” Përdora fjalën "
-"“copyleft” për të emërtuar konceptin e shpërndarjes që po "
-"hartoja në atë kohë."
-
-# type: Content of: <p>
-#. type: Content of: <p>
-msgid ""
-"(2) We now use the <a href=\"/licenses/fdl.html\">GNU Free Documentation "
-"License</a> for documentation."
-msgstr ""
-"(2) Tani përdorim <a href=\"/licenses/fdl.html\">Lejen e Lirë GNU për "
-"Dokumentime</a> për dokumentim."
-
# type: Content of: <h3>
-#. type: Content of: <h3>
+#. type: Content of: <div><h3>
msgid "The Free Software Foundation"
msgstr "Free Software Foundation"
# type: Content of: <p>
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "As interest in using Emacs was growing, other people became involved in "
+#| "the GNU project, and we decided that it was time to seek funding once "
+#| "again. So in 1985 we created the <a href=\"http://www.fsf.org/\";>Free "
+#| "Software Foundation</a> (FSF), a tax-exempt charity for free software "
+#| "development. The <abbr title=\"Free Software Foundation\">FSF</abbr> "
+#| "also took over the Emacs tape distribution business; later it extended "
+#| "this by adding other free software (both GNU and non-GNU) to the tape, "
+#| "and by selling free manuals as well."
msgid ""
"As interest in using Emacs was growing, other people became involved in the "
"GNU project, and we decided that it was time to seek funding once again. So "
-"in 1985 we created the <a href=\"http://www.fsf.org/\";>Free Software "
+"in 1985 we created the <a href=\"https://www.fsf.org/\";>Free Software "
"Foundation</a> (FSF), a tax-exempt charity for free software development. "
"The <abbr title=\"Free Software Foundation\">FSF</abbr> also took over the "
"Emacs tape distribution business; later it extended this by adding other "
@@ -1048,16 +1098,27 @@
"dhe jo-GNU) te kaseta, dhe duke shitur gjithashtu doracakë të lirë."
# type: Content of: <p>
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "Most of the FSF's income used to come from sales of copies of free "
+#| "software and of other related services (CD-ROMs of source code, CD-ROMs "
+#| "with binaries, nicely printed manuals, all with the freedom to "
+#| "redistribute and modify), and Deluxe Distributions (distributions for "
+#| "which we built the whole collection of software for the customer's choice "
+#| "of platform). Today the FSF still <a href=\"http://shop.fsf.org/\";> "
+#| "sells manuals and other gear</a>, but it gets the bulk of its funding "
+#| "from members' dues. You can join the FSF at <a href=\"http://fsf.org/join";
+#| "\">fsf.org</a>."
msgid ""
"Most of the FSF's income used to come from sales of copies of free software "
"and of other related services (CD-ROMs of source code, CD-ROMs with "
"binaries, nicely printed manuals, all with the freedom to redistribute and "
"modify), and Deluxe Distributions (distributions for which we built the "
"whole collection of software for the customer's choice of platform). Today "
-"the FSF still <a href=\"http://shop.fsf.org/\";> sells manuals and other "
+"the FSF still <a href=\"https://shop.fsf.org/\";> sells manuals and other "
"gear</a>, but it gets the bulk of its funding from members' dues. You can "
-"join the FSF at <a href=\"http://fsf.org/join\";>fsf.org</a>."
+"join the FSF at <a href=\"https://my.fsf.org/join\";>fsf.org</a>."
msgstr ""
"Shumica e të ardhurave të FSF-së vinin prej shitjes së kopjeve të
software-"
"it të lirë dhe të shërbimeve të tjera të ngjashme (CD-ROM-e kodi burim,
CD-"
@@ -1070,7 +1131,16 @@
"fsf.org/join\">fsf.org</a>."
# type: Content of: <p>
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "Free Software Foundation employees have written and maintained a number "
+#| "of GNU software packages. Two notable ones are the C library and the "
+#| "shell. The GNU C library is what every program running on a GNU/Linux "
+#| "system uses to communicate with Linux. It was developed by a member of "
+#| "the Free Software Foundation staff, Roland McGrath. The shell used on "
+#| "most GNU/Linux systems is <abbr title=\"Bourne Again Shell\">BASH</abbr>, "
+#| "the Bourne Again Shell(1), which was developed by FSF employee Brian Fox."
msgid ""
"Free Software Foundation employees have written and maintained a number of "
"GNU software packages. Two notable ones are the C library and the shell. "
@@ -1078,7 +1148,8 @@
"to communicate with Linux. It was developed by a member of the Free "
"Software Foundation staff, Roland McGrath. The shell used on most GNU/Linux "
"systems is <abbr title=\"Bourne Again Shell\">BASH</abbr>, the Bourne Again "
-"Shell(1), which was developed by FSF employee Brian Fox."
+"SHell <a href=\"#ft5\">[5]</a>, which was developed by FSF employee "
+"Brian Fox."
msgstr ""
"Punonjësit e <em>Free Software Foundation</em>-it kanë shkruar dhe "
"administruar një numër paketash software-i GNU. Dy prej më të shquarave "
@@ -1090,7 +1161,7 @@
"(1), i cili qe hartuar prej punonjësit të FSF-së Brian Fox."
# type: Content of: <p>
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"We funded development of these programs because the GNU Project was not just "
"about tools or a development environment. Our goal was a complete operating "
@@ -1100,22 +1171,13 @@
"për ca mjete apo mjedisi zhvillimesh. Synimi ynë qe një sistem operativ i
"
"plotë, dhe këto programe duheshin për këtë qëllim."
-# type: Content of: <p>
-#. type: Content of: <p>
-msgid ""
-"(1) “Bourne Again Shell” is a play on the name “Bourne "
-"Shell”, which was the usual shell on Unix."
-msgstr ""
-"(1) “Bourne Again Shell” është një lojë me emrin
“Bourne "
-"Shell”, i cili qe shelli i zakonshëm në Unix."
-
# type: Content of: <h3>
-#. type: Content of: <h3>
+#. type: Content of: <div><h3>
msgid "Free software support"
msgstr "Asistencë software-i të lirë"
# type: Content of: <p>
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"The free software philosophy rejects a specific widespread business "
"practice, but it is not against business. When businesses respect the "
@@ -1126,7 +1188,7 @@
"lirinë e përdoruesit, u urojmë sukses."
# type: Content of: <p>
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"Selling copies of Emacs demonstrates one kind of free software business. "
"When the FSF took over that business, I needed another way to make a "
@@ -1144,7 +1206,7 @@
"reja."
# type: Content of: <p>
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"Today each of these kinds of free software business is practiced by a number "
"of corporations. Some distribute free software collections on CD-ROM; "
@@ -1160,14 +1222,24 @@
"hedhjen në qarkullim të produkteve të reja software-i të lirë."
# type: Content of: <p>
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "Watch out, though—a number of companies that associate themselves "
+#| "with the term “open source” actually base their business on "
+#| "nonfree software that works with free software. These are not free "
+#| "software companies, they are proprietary software companies whose "
+#| "products tempt users away from freedom. They call these programs “"
+#| "value-added packages”, which shows the values they would like us to "
+#| "adopt: convenience above freedom. If we value freedom more, we should "
+#| "call them “freedom-subtracted” packages."
msgid ""
"Watch out, though—a number of companies that associate themselves with "
"the term “open source” actually base their business on nonfree "
"software that works with free software. These are not free software "
"companies, they are proprietary software companies whose products tempt "
"users away from freedom. They call these programs “value-added "
-"packages”, which shows the values they would like us to adopt: "
+"packages,” which shows the values they would like us to adopt: "
"convenience above freedom. If we value freedom more, we should call them "
"“freedom-subtracted” packages."
msgstr ""
@@ -1182,12 +1254,12 @@
"hequr”."
# type: Content of: <h3>
-#. type: Content of: <h3>
+#. type: Content of: <div><h3>
msgid "Technical goals"
msgstr "Synimet teknike"
# type: Content of: <p>
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"The principal goal of GNU is to be free software. Even if GNU had no "
"technical advantage over Unix, it would have a social advantage, allowing "
@@ -1199,7 +1271,7 @@
"etike, respektin ndaj lirisë së përdoruesit."
# type: Content of: <p>
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"But it was natural to apply the known standards of good practice to the "
"work—for example, dynamically allocating data structures to avoid "
@@ -1212,7 +1284,7 @@
"kodeve 8-bitësh të mundshëm kurdo që kjo kish kuptim."
# type: Content of: <p>
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"In addition, we rejected the Unix focus on small memory size, by deciding "
"not to support 16-bit machines (it was clear that 32-bit machines would be "
@@ -1232,7 +1304,7 @@
"e saj pa u dashur të shqetësohesh për I/O."
# type: Content of: <p>
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"These decisions enabled many GNU programs to surpass their Unix counterparts "
"in reliability and speed."
@@ -1241,12 +1313,12 @@
"ngjashmit e tyre Unix në qëndrueshmëri dhe shpejtësi."
# type: Content of: <h3>
-#. type: Content of: <h3>
+#. type: Content of: <div><h3>
msgid "Donated computers"
msgstr "Kompjutera të dhuruar"
# type: Content of: <p>
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"As the GNU Project's reputation grew, people began offering to donate "
"machines running Unix to the project. These were very useful, because the "
@@ -1262,7 +1334,7 @@
"kishim një kopje të Unix-it."
# type: Content of: <p>
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"Unix was (and is) proprietary software, and the GNU Project's philosophy "
"said that we should not use proprietary software. But, applying the same "
@@ -1279,7 +1351,7 @@
"lirë që do të ndihmonte të tjerat të reshtnin së përdoruri paketën
pronësore."
# type: Content of: <p>
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"But, even if this was a justifiable evil, it was still an evil. Today we no "
"longer have any copies of Unix, because we have replaced them with free "
@@ -1292,12 +1364,12 @@
"makine me një të lirë, zëvendësonim makinën."
# type: Content of: <h3>
-#. type: Content of: <h3>
+#. type: Content of: <div><h3>
msgid "The GNU Task List"
msgstr "Lista e Hapave GNU"
# type: Content of: <p>
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"As the GNU Project proceeded, and increasing numbers of system components "
"were found or developed, eventually it became useful to make a list of the "
@@ -1316,13 +1388,20 @@
"që, mendonim, do të duhej të përmbante një sistem vërtet i plotë."
# type: Content of: <p>
-#. type: Content of: <p>
-msgid ""
-"Today (1), hardly any Unix components are left in the GNU Task List—"
-"those jobs had been done, aside from a few inessential ones. But the list "
-"is full of projects that some might call “applications”. Any "
-"program that appeals to more than a narrow class of users would be a useful "
-"thing to add to an operating system."
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "Today (1), hardly any Unix components are left in the GNU Task List—"
+#| "those jobs had been done, aside from a few inessential ones. But the "
+#| "list is full of projects that some might call “"
+#| "applications”. Any program that appeals to more than a narrow "
+#| "class of users would be a useful thing to add to an operating system."
+msgid ""
+"Today <a href=\"#ft6\">[6]</a>, hardly any Unix components are left in "
+"the GNU Task List—those jobs had been done, aside from a few "
+"inessential ones. But the list is full of projects that some might call "
+"“applications.” Any program that appeals to more than a narrow "
+"class of users would be a useful thing to add to an operating system."
msgstr ""
"Sot (1), zor të ketë ndonjë përbërës të Unix-it te Lista e Punëve
GNU—"
"ato punë janë mbaruar, bashkë me ca të tjera jothelbësore. Por lista
është "
@@ -1331,7 +1410,7 @@
"është në interes të më shumë se një klase të ngushtë përdoruesish."
# type: Content of: <p>
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"Even games are included in the task list—and have been since the "
"beginning. Unix included games, so naturally GNU should too. But "
@@ -1346,39 +1425,30 @@
"në listë një gamë llojesh të ndryshme lojërash që përdoruesit mund
tâi "
"pëlqenin."
-# type: Content of: <p>
-#. type: Content of: <p>
-msgid ""
-"(1) That was written in 1998. In 2009 we no longer maintain a long task "
-"list. The community develops free software so fast that we can't even keep "
-"track of it all. Instead, we have a list of High Priority Projects, a much "
-"shorter list of projects we really want to encourage people to write."
-msgstr ""
-"(1) Qe shkruar më 1998. Nga 2009 e tëhu nuk mirëmbajmë një listë të
gjatë "
-"punësh. Bashkësia harton <em>software</em> të lirë me kaq shpejtësi sa
nuk "
-"arrijmë as t'i mbajmë në vëzhgim të tërë. Në vend të kësaj,
kemi një "
-"listë Projektesh të Përparësisë së lartë, një listë shumë më e
shkurtër "
-"projektesh për të cilat vërtet duam t'i nxisim njerëzit t'i "
-"shkruajnë."
-
# type: Content of: <h3>
-#. type: Content of: <h3>
+#. type: Content of: <div><h3>
msgid "The GNU Library GPL"
msgstr "GNU Library GPL"
# type: Content of: <p>
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "The GNU C library uses a special kind of copyleft called the GNU Library "
+#| "General Public License(1), which gives permission to link proprietary "
+#| "software with the library. Why make this exception?"
msgid ""
"The GNU C library uses a special kind of copyleft called the GNU Library "
-"General Public License(1), which gives permission to link proprietary "
-"software with the library. Why make this exception?"
+"General Public License <a href=\"#ft7\">[7]</a>, which gives "
+"permission to link proprietary software with the library. Why make this "
+"exception?"
msgstr ""
"Libraria GNU C përdor një lloj të veçantë <i>copyleft</i>-i të quajtur "
"<i>GNU Library General Public License</i>(1), që jep leje për lidhje të "
"software-it pronësor me librarinë. Pse duhet ky përjashtim?"
# type: Content of: <p>
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"It is not a matter of principle; there is no principle that says proprietary "
"software products are entitled to include our code. (Why contribute to a "
@@ -1392,7 +1462,7 @@
"strategjie."
# type: Content of: <p>
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"The C library does a generic job; every proprietary system or compiler comes "
"with a C library. Therefore, to make our C library available only to free "
@@ -1405,7 +1475,7 @@
"përparësi—vetëm sa do të shkurajonte përdorimin e librarisë
sonë."
# type: Content of: <p>
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"One system is an exception to this: on the GNU system (and this includes GNU/"
"Linux), the GNU C library is the only C library. So the distribution terms "
@@ -1426,7 +1496,7 @@
"përdorimi i GPL-së për Librari është strategji e mirë për librarinë
C."
# type: Content of: <p>
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"For other libraries, the strategic decision needs to be considered on a case-"
"by-case basis. When a library does a special job that can help write "
@@ -1442,7 +1512,7 @@
"software-it pronësor."
# type: Content of: <p>
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"Consider GNU Readline, a library that was developed to provide command-line "
"editing for BASH. Readline is released under the ordinary GNU GPL, not the "
@@ -1459,7 +1529,7 @@
"in, dhe ky është përfitim i njëmendtë për bashkësinë."
# type: Content of: <p>
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"Proprietary software developers have the advantages money provides; free "
"software developers need to make advantages for each other. I hope some day "
@@ -1476,26 +1546,13 @@
"<em>software</em> të lirë të ri, dhe ta rrisin këtë përparësi të "
"rëndësishme, në dobi të zhvillimit të mëtejshëm të software-it të
lirë."
-# type: Content of: <p>
-#. type: Content of: <p>
-msgid ""
-"(1) This license is now called the GNU Lesser General Public License, to "
-"avoid giving the idea that all libraries ought to use it. See <a href=\"/"
-"philosophy/why-not-lgpl.html\">Why you shouldn't use the Lesser GPL for your "
-"next library</a> for more information."
-msgstr ""
-"(1) Kjo leje tani <i>quhet GNU Lesser General Public License</i>, për të "
-"shmangur idenë se krejt libraritë janë të detyruara ta përdorin. Për
më "
-"tepër të dhëna, shihni <a href=\"/philosophy/why-not-lgpl.html\">Pse nuk
do "
-"të duhej të përdornit lejen Lesser GPL për librarinë tuaj të
ardhshme</a>."
-
# type: Content of: <h3>
-#. type: Content of: <h3>
+#. type: Content of: <div><h3>
msgid "Scratching an itch?"
msgstr "Punë sikleti?"
# type: Content of: <p>
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"Eric Raymond says that “Every good work of software starts by "
"scratching a developer's personal itch.” Maybe that happens sometimes, "
@@ -1510,7 +1567,7 @@
"një plan, jo nga një impuls."
# type: Content of: <p>
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"For example, we developed the GNU C library because a Unix-like system needs "
"a C library, BASH because a Unix-like system needs a shell, and GNU tar "
@@ -1524,7 +1581,7 @@
"programet e mi—përpiluesi GNU C, GNU Emacs, GDB dhe GNU Make."
# type: Content of: <p>
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"Some GNU programs were developed to cope with specific threats to our "
"freedom. Thus, we developed gzip to replace the Compress program, which had "
@@ -1548,7 +1605,7 @@
"privatësi."
# type: Content of: <p>
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"Of course, the people writing these programs became interested in the work, "
"and many features were added to them by various people for the sake of their "
@@ -1560,12 +1617,12 @@
"programe."
# type: Content of: <h3>
-#. type: Content of: <h3>
+#. type: Content of: <div><h3>
msgid "Unexpected developments"
msgstr "Zhvillime të papritura"
# type: Content of: <p>
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"At the beginning of the GNU Project, I imagined that we would develop the "
"whole GNU system, then release it as a whole. That is not how it happened."
@@ -1574,7 +1631,7 @@
"plotë, mandej ta hidhnim në qarkullim. Nuk ndodhi kështu."
# type: Content of: <p>
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"Since each component of the GNU system was implemented on a Unix system, "
"each component could run on Unix systems long before a complete GNU system "
@@ -1590,7 +1647,7 @@
"te sisteme të tjera."
# type: Content of: <p>
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"The process made these programs much more powerful, and attracted both funds "
"and contributors to the GNU Project. But it probably also delayed "
@@ -1607,12 +1664,12 @@
"tjetrit të përbërësve që mungonin."
# type: Content of: <h3>
-#. type: Content of: <h3>
+#. type: Content of: <div><h3>
msgid "The GNU Hurd"
msgstr "The GNU Hurd"
# type: Content of: <p>
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"By 1990, the GNU system was almost complete; the only major missing "
"component was the kernel. We had decided to implement our kernel as a "
@@ -1634,7 +1691,7 @@
"siç qe premtuar."
# type: Content of: <p>
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"One reason for choosing this design was to avoid what seemed to be the "
"hardest part of the job: debugging a kernel program without a source-level "
@@ -1654,12 +1711,12 @@
"funksionon qëndrueshëm po zgjat këtu e shumë vite."
# type: Content of: <h3>
-#. type: Content of: <h3>
+#. type: Content of: <div><h3>
msgid "Alix"
msgstr "Alix"
# type: Content of: <p>
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"The GNU kernel was not originally supposed to be called the Hurd. Its "
"original name was Alix—named after the woman who was my sweetheart at "
@@ -1677,7 +1734,7 @@
"një kernel me emrin Alix."
# type: Content of: <p>
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"It did not stay that way. Michael (now Thomas) Bushnell, the main developer "
"of the kernel, preferred the name Hurd, and redefined Alix to refer to a "
@@ -1690,7 +1747,7 @@
"sistemit dhe që do tâi trajtonte ato duke dërguar mesazhe te shërbyesit
HURD."
# type: Content of: <p>
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"Later, Alix and I broke up, and she changed her name; independently, the "
"Hurd design was changed so that the C library would send messages directly "
@@ -1702,7 +1759,7 @@
"projekti."
# type: Content of: <p>
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"But before these things happened, a friend of hers came across the name Alix "
"in the Hurd source code, and mentioned it to her. So she did have the "
@@ -1713,12 +1770,12 @@
"një kernel të quajtur me emrin e saj."
# type: Content of: <h3>
-#. type: Content of: <h3>
+#. type: Content of: <div><h3>
msgid "Linux and GNU/Linux"
msgstr "Linux dhe GNU/Linux"
# type: Content of: <p>
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"The GNU Hurd is not suitable for production use, and we don't know if it "
"ever will be. The capability-based design has problems that result directly "
@@ -1731,7 +1788,7 @@
"zgjidhje."
# type: Content of: <p>
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"Fortunately, another kernel is available. In 1991, Linus Torvalds developed "
"a Unix-compatible kernel and called it Linux. It was proprietary at first, "
@@ -1747,12 +1804,20 @@
"të lirë. (Sigurisht, vetë ndërthurja e tyre qe punë me rëndësi.)
Falë "
"Linux-it, ne sot mund të xhirojnë faktikisht një version të sistemit GNU."
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "We call this system version <a href=\"/gnu/linux-and-gnu.html\"> GNU/"
+#| "Linux</a>, to express its composition as a combination of the GNU system "
+#| "with Linux as the kernel. Please don't fall into the practice of calling "
+#| "the whole system “Linux”, since that means attributing our "
+#| "work to someone else. Please <a href=\"/gnu/gnu-linux-faq.html\"> give "
+#| "us equal mention</a>."
msgid ""
"We call this system version <a href=\"/gnu/linux-and-gnu.html\"> GNU/Linux</"
"a>, to express its composition as a combination of the GNU system with Linux "
"as the kernel. Please don't fall into the practice of calling the whole "
-"system “Linux”, since that means attributing our work to someone "
+"system “Linux,” since that means attributing our work to someone "
"else. Please <a href=\"/gnu/gnu-linux-faq.html\"> give us equal mention</a>."
msgstr ""
"Ne e quajmë këtë version sistemi <a href=\"/gnu/linux-and-gnu.html\"> GNU/"
@@ -1763,12 +1828,12 @@
"në mënyrë të barabartë</a>."
# type: Content of: <h3>
-#. type: Content of: <h3>
+#. type: Content of: <div><h3>
msgid "Challenges in our future"
msgstr "Sfida të së ardhmes sonë"
# type: Content of: <p>
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"We have proved our ability to develop a broad spectrum of free software. "
"This does not mean we are invincible and unstoppable. Several challenges "
@@ -1785,17 +1850,17 @@
"kur çmojnë lirinë e tyre dhe nuk lënë njeri tâua marrë."
# type: Content of: <p>
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid "The following four sections discuss these challenges."
msgstr "Këto sfida i trajtojnë katër ndarjet vijuese:"
# type: Content of: <h3>
-#. type: Content of: <h3>
+#. type: Content of: <div><h3>
msgid "Secret hardware"
msgstr "Hardware sekret"
# type: Content of: <p>
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"Hardware manufacturers increasingly tend to keep hardware specifications "
"secret. This makes it difficult to write free drivers so that Linux and "
@@ -1809,7 +1874,7 @@
"nuk mbulojmë kompjuterat e së nesërmes."
# type: Content of: <p>
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"There are two ways to cope with this problem. Programmers can do reverse "
"engineering to figure out how to support the hardware. The rest of us can "
@@ -1823,14 +1888,22 @@
"në një taktikë që sjell humbje."
# type: Content of: <p>
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "Reverse engineering is a big job; will we have programmers with "
+#| "sufficient determination to undertake it? Yes—if we have built up a "
+#| "strong feeling that free software is a matter of principle, and nonfree "
+#| "drivers are intolerable. And will large numbers of us spend extra money, "
+#| "or even a little extra time, so we can use free drivers? Yes, if the "
+#| "determination to have freedom is widespread."
msgid ""
"Reverse engineering is a big job; will we have programmers with sufficient "
"determination to undertake it? Yes—if we have built up a strong "
"feeling that free software is a matter of principle, and nonfree drivers are "
"intolerable. And will large numbers of us spend extra money, or even a "
"little extra time, so we can use free drivers? Yes, if the determination to "
-"have freedom is widespread."
+"have freedom is widespread. <a href=\"#ft8\">[8]</a>"
msgstr ""
"Retroinxhinierimi është punë e madhe; a do të kemi programues aq të
vendosur "
"sa tâi hyjnë atij? Po—nëse kemi krijuar ndjesinë e fortë se
software-i "
@@ -1839,25 +1912,13 @@
"tepërta, ose edhe pak kohë të tepërt, që ne të mund të përdorim
përudhës të "
"lirë? Po, nëse vendosmëria për të pasur liri përhapet gjerësisht."
-#. type: Content of: <p>
-msgid ""
-"(2008 note: this issue extends to the BIOS as well. There is a free BIOS, "
-"<a href=\"http://www.libreboot.org/\";>LibreBoot</a> (a distribution of "
-"coreboot); the problem is getting specs for machines so that LibreBoot can "
-"support them without nonfree “blobs”.)"
-msgstr ""
-"(Shënim i 2008-s: kjo çështje prek po ashtu edhe BIOS-in. Ka një BIOS
të "
-"lirë, <a href=\"http://www.libreboot.org/\";>LibreBoot</a> (një shpërndarje
e "
-"coreboot-it); problemi mbetet te pasja e specifikimeve për makinat, që "
-"kështu LibreBoot-i tâi mbulojë ato pa “blobs” jo të lirë.)"
-
# type: Content of: <h3>
-#. type: Content of: <h3>
+#. type: Content of: <div><h3>
msgid "Nonfree libraries"
msgstr "Librari jo të lira"
# type: Content of: <p>
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"A nonfree library that runs on free operating systems acts as a trap for "
"free software developers. The library's attractive features are the bait; "
@@ -1877,7 +1938,7 @@
"në grackë të tjerë programues mosdyshues."
# type: Content of: <p>
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"The first instance of this problem was the Motif toolkit, back in the 80s. "
"Although there were as yet no free operating systems, it was clear what "
@@ -1898,7 +1959,7 @@
"nga Hungry Programmers, vetëm më 1997-n u bë aq i fuqishëm, sa duhej për
të "
"mbuluar shumicën e aplikacioneve Motif."
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"Between 1996 and 1998, another nonfree <abbr title=\"Graphical User Interface"
"\">GUI</abbr> toolkit library, called Qt, was used in a substantial "
@@ -1910,7 +1971,7 @@
"të pakët software-i të lirë, desktopin <abbr title=\"K Desktop
Environment"
"\">KDE</abbr>."
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"Free GNU/Linux systems were unable to use KDE, because we could not use the "
"library. However, some commercial distributors of GNU/Linux systems who "
@@ -1929,7 +1990,7 @@
"Linux-it” nuk iu është treguar ndonjëherë ideja se këtu kish një "
"problem. Gjendja dukej e zymtë."
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"The free software community responded to the problem in two ways: GNOME and "
"Harmony."
@@ -1937,7 +1998,7 @@
"Bashkësia e software-it të lirë iu kundërpërgjigj problemit në dy
mënyra: "
"GNOME dhe Harmony."
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"GNOME, the GNU Network Object Model Environment, is GNU's desktop project. "
"Started in 1997 by Miguel de Icaza, and developed with the support of Red "
@@ -1954,7 +2015,7 @@
"+. Por synimi kryesor qe liria: të mos ia kishim nevojën asnjë software-i
"
"jo të lirë."
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"Harmony is a compatible replacement library, designed to make it possible to "
"run KDE software without using Qt."
@@ -1962,13 +2023,22 @@
"Harmony është një librari zëvendësimesh të përputhshme, hartuar për
të bërë "
"të mundur xhirimin e software-it KDE pa përdorur Qt-në."
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "In November 1998, the developers of Qt announced a change of license "
+#| "which, when carried out, should make Qt free software. There is no way "
+#| "to be sure, but I think that this was partly due to the community's firm "
+#| "response to the problem that Qt posed when it was nonfree. (The new "
+#| "license is inconvenient and inequitable, so it remains desirable to avoid "
+#| "using Qt.)"
msgid ""
"In November 1998, the developers of Qt announced a change of license which, "
"when carried out, should make Qt free software. There is no way to be sure, "
"but I think that this was partly due to the community's firm response to the "
"problem that Qt posed when it was nonfree. (The new license is inconvenient "
-"and inequitable, so it remains desirable to avoid using Qt.)"
+"and inequitable, so it remains desirable to avoid using Qt. <a href="
+"\"#ft9\">[9]</a>)"
msgstr ""
"Në Nëntor 1998, zhvilluesit e Qt-së bënë të ditur një ndryshim lejeje,
e "
"cila, kur të zbatohej, do ta shndërronte Qt-në në <em>software</em> të "
@@ -1979,16 +2049,7 @@
"së.)"
# type: Content of: <p>
-#. type: Content of: <p>
-msgid ""
-"[Subsequent note: in September 2000, Qt was rereleased under the GNU GPL, "
-"which essentially solved this problem.]"
-msgstr ""
-"[Shënim i mëpasshëm: në Shtator 2000, Qt u hodh në qarkullim nën GNU
GPL, "
-"çka në thelb e zgjidhi këtë problem.]"
-
-# type: Content of: <p>
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"How will we respond to the next tempting nonfree library? Will the whole "
"community understand the need to stay out of the trap? Or will many of us "
@@ -2001,22 +2062,32 @@
"kështu një problem të madh? E ardhmja jonë varet nga filozofia jonë."
# type: Content of: <h3>
-#. type: Content of: <h3>
+#. type: Content of: <div><h3>
msgid "Software patents"
msgstr "Patenta software-i"
# type: Content of: <p>
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "The worst threat we face comes from software patents, which can put "
+#| "algorithms and features off limits to free software for up to twenty "
+#| "years. The LZW compression algorithm patents were applied for in 1983, "
+#| "and we still cannot release free software to produce proper compressed "
+#| "<abbr title=\"Graphics Interchange Format\">GIF</abbr>s. [As of 2009 "
+#| "they have expired.] In 1998, a free program to produce <abbr title="
+#| "\"MPEG-1 Audio Layer 3\">MP3</abbr> compressed audio was removed from "
+#| "distribution under threat of a patent suit. [As of 2017, these patents "
+#| "have expired. Look how long we had to wait.]"
msgid ""
"The worst threat we face comes from software patents, which can put "
"algorithms and features off limits to free software for up to twenty years. "
"The LZW compression algorithm patents were applied for in 1983, and we still "
"cannot release free software to produce proper compressed <abbr title="
-"\"Graphics Interchange Format\">GIF</abbr>s. [As of 2009 they have "
-"expired.] In 1998, a free program to produce <abbr title=\"MPEG-1 Audio "
-"Layer 3\">MP3</abbr> compressed audio was removed from distribution under "
-"threat of a patent suit. [As of 2017, these patents have expired. Look how "
-"long we had to wait.]"
+"\"Graphics Interchange Format\">GIF</abbr>s. <a href=\"#ft10\">[10]</"
+"a> In 1998, a free program to produce <abbr title=\"MPEG-1 Audio Layer "
+"3\">MP3</abbr> compressed audio was removed from distribution under threat "
+"of a patent suit. <a href=\"#ft11\">[11]</a>"
msgstr ""
"Rreziku më i madh me të cilin përballemi vjen nga patentat e software-it,
të "
"cilat mund të mbajnë algoritme dhe veçori programesh jashtë shtrirjes së
"
@@ -2030,7 +2101,7 @@
"Shihni se sa gjatë na u desh të prisnim.]"
# type: Content of: <p>
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"There are ways to cope with patents: we can search for evidence that a "
"patent is invalid, and we can look for alternative ways to do a job. But "
@@ -2047,7 +2118,7 @@
"të bëjmë deri atëherë?"
# type: Content of: <p>
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"Those of us who value free software for freedom's sake will stay with free "
"software anyway. We will manage to get work done without the patented "
@@ -2068,12 +2139,12 @@
"duhet të ndalemi me kaq. Duhet të flasim për lirinë dhe parimet."
# type: Content of: <h3>
-#. type: Content of: <h3>
+#. type: Content of: <div><h3>
msgid "Free documentation"
msgstr "Dokumentim i lirë"
# type: Content of: <p>
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"The biggest deficiency in our free operating systems is not in the "
"software—it is the lack of good free manuals that we can include in "
@@ -2089,7 +2160,7 @@
"për sot kemi mjaft hendeqe të tillë."
# type: Content of: <p>
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"Free documentation, like free software, is a matter of freedom, not price. "
"The criterion for a free manual is pretty much the same as for free "
@@ -2104,7 +2175,7 @@
"në letër, që kështu doracaku të mund të shoqërojë çdo kopje të
programit."
# type: Content of: <p>
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"Permission for modification is crucial too. As a general rule, I don't "
"believe that it is essential for people to have permission to modify all "
@@ -2119,7 +2190,7 @@
"përshkruan veprimet tona dhe pikëpamjet tona."
# type: Content of: <p>
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"But there is a particular reason why the freedom to modify is crucial for "
"documentation for free software. When people exercise their right to modify "
@@ -2139,7 +2210,7 @@
"bashkësisë sonë."
# type: Content of: <p>
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"Some kinds of limits on how modifications are done pose no problem. For "
"example, requirements to preserve the original author's copyright notice, "
@@ -2164,7 +2235,7 @@
"së software-it të lirë rrugën që ta përdorë plotësisht doracakun."
# type: Content of: <p>
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"However, it must be possible to modify all the <em>technical</em> content of "
"the manual, and then distribute the result in all the usual media, through "
@@ -2178,7 +2249,7 @@
"tjetër."
# type: Content of: <p>
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"Will free software developers have the awareness and determination to "
"produce a full spectrum of free manuals? Once again, our future depends on "
@@ -2189,15 +2260,21 @@
"jonë është në dorë të filozofisë."
# type: Content of: <h3>
-#. type: Content of: <h3>
+#. type: Content of: <div><h3>
msgid "We must talk about freedom"
msgstr "Duhet të flasim rreth lirisë"
# type: Content of: <p>
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "Estimates today are that there are ten million users of GNU/Linux systems "
+#| "such as Debian GNU/Linux and Red Hat “Linux”. Free software "
+#| "has developed such practical advantages that users are flocking to it for "
+#| "purely practical reasons."
msgid ""
"Estimates today are that there are ten million users of GNU/Linux systems "
-"such as Debian GNU/Linux and Red Hat “Linux”. Free software has "
+"such as Debian GNU/Linux and Red Hat “Linux.” Free software has "
"developed such practical advantages that users are flocking to it for purely "
"practical reasons."
msgstr ""
@@ -2207,7 +2284,7 @@
"turren drejt tij për arsye të pastra praktike."
# type: Content of: <p>
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"The good consequences of this are evident: more interest in developing free "
"software, more customers for free software businesses, and more ability to "
@@ -2221,7 +2298,7 @@
"pronësor."
# type: Content of: <p>
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"But interest in the software is growing faster than awareness of the "
"philosophy it is based on, and this leads to trouble. Our ability to meet "
@@ -2237,7 +2314,7 @@
"rinj, dora-dorës që këta bëhen pjesë e bashkësisë."
# type: Content of: <p>
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"But we are failing to do so: the efforts to attract new users into our "
"community are far outstripping the efforts to teach them the civics of our "
@@ -2250,12 +2327,12 @@
"duhet tâi mbajmë në baraspeshë të dyja përpjekjet."
# type: Content of: <h3>
-#. type: Content of: <h3>
+#. type: Content of: <div><h3>
msgid "“Open Source”"
msgstr "“Burim i Hapur”"
# type: Content of: <p>
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"Teaching new users about freedom became more difficult in 1998, when a part "
"of the community decided to stop using the term “free software” "
@@ -2266,7 +2343,7 @@
"lirë” dhe të thoshte “software me burim të hapur” më
mirë."
# type: Content of: <p>
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"Some who favored this term aimed to avoid the confusion of “"
"free” with “gratis”—a valid goal. Others, however, "
@@ -2288,7 +2365,7 @@
"lë mënjanë idetë e lirisë, bashkësisë, dhe parimeve."
# type: Content of: <p>
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"The “Linux” magazines are a clear example of this—they are "
"filled with advertisements for proprietary software that works with GNU/"
@@ -2302,7 +2379,7 @@
"reklama për të?"
# type: Content of: <p>
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"The support of business can contribute to the community in many ways; all "
"else being equal, it is useful. But winning their support by speaking even "
@@ -2316,12 +2393,19 @@
"mes përhapjes dhe edukimit qytetar."
# type: Content of: <p>
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "“Free software” and “open source” describe the "
+#| "same category of software, more or less, but say different things about "
+#| "the software, and about values. The GNU Project continues to use the "
+#| "term “free software”, to express the idea that freedom, not "
+#| "just technology, is important."
msgid ""
"“Free software” and “open source” describe the same "
"category of software, more or less, but say different things about the "
"software, and about values. The GNU Project continues to use the term "
-"“free software”, to express the idea that freedom, not just "
+"“free software,” to express the idea that freedom, not just "
"technology, is important."
msgstr ""
"“Software-i i lirë” dhe “burimi i hapur” "
@@ -2331,12 +2415,12 @@
"liria, jo teknologjia."
# type: Content of: <h3>
-#. type: Content of: <h3>
+#. type: Content of: <div><h3>
msgid "Try!"
msgstr "Provojeni!"
# type: Content of: <p>
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"Yoda's aphorism (“There is no ‘try’”) sounds neat, "
"but it doesn't work for me. I have done most of my work while anxious about "
@@ -2353,7 +2437,7 @@
"Duke befasuar vetveten, ca herë dola me sukses."
# type: Content of: <p>
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"Sometimes I failed; some of my cities have fallen. Then I found another "
"threatened city, and got ready for another battle. Over time, I've learned "
@@ -2366,7 +2450,7 @@
"bërë thirrje <i>hackers</i>-ëve të tjerë të bëhen me mua."
# type: Content of: <p>
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"Nowadays, often I'm not the only one. It is a relief and a joy when I see a "
"regiment of hackers digging in to hold the line, and I realize, this city "
@@ -2383,6 +2467,199 @@
"merrni të mirëqenë! Po qe se doni ta ruani lirinë tuaj, duhet të jeni
të "
"përgatitur ta mbroni."
+#. type: Content of: <div><h3>
+msgid "Footnotes"
+msgstr "Poshtëshënime"
+
+# type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><ol><li>
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "(1) The use of “hacker” to mean “security "
+#| "breaker” is a confusion on the part of the mass media. We hackers "
+#| "refuse to recognize that meaning, and continue using the word to mean "
+#| "someone who loves to program, someone who enjoys playful cleverness, or "
+#| "the combination of the two. See my article, <a href=\"http://stallman.";
+#| "org/articles/on-hacking.html\">On Hacking</a>."
+msgid ""
+"The use of “hacker” to mean “security breaker” is a "
+"confusion on the part of the mass media. We hackers refuse to recognize "
+"that meaning, and continue using the word to mean someone who loves to "
+"program, someone who enjoys playful cleverness, or the combination of the "
+"two. See my article, “<a href=\"https://stallman.org/articles/on-";
+"hacking.html\">On Hacking</a>.”"
+msgstr ""
+"(1) Përdorimi i “hacker” për të nënkuptuar kështu një
“"
+"shkelës të sigurisë” është ngatërresë nga ana e masmedias. Ne
hackers-"
+"ët nuk pranojmë ta njohim këtë nënkuptim, dhe vazhdojmë ta përdorim
fjalën "
+"për të nënkuptuar dikë të cilit i pëlqen të programojë dhe kënaqet
që i di "
+"yçklat, ose një ndërthurje të të dyjave. Shihni artikullin tim, <a
href="
+"\"http://stallman.org/articles/on-hacking.html\";>On Hacking</a>."
+
+# type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><ol><li>
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "(1) As an Atheist, I don't follow any religious leaders, but I sometimes "
+#| "find I admire something one of them has said."
+msgid ""
+"As an Atheist, I don't follow any religious leaders, but I sometimes find I "
+"admire something one of them has said."
+msgstr ""
+"(1) Si ateist që jam, nuk ndjek ndonjë lider fetar, por ndonjëherë shoh
se "
+"admiroj ndonjë gjë mund të ketë thënë ndonjëri prej tyre."
+
+# type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><ol><li>
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "(1) In 1984 or 1985, Don Hopkins (a very imaginative fellow) mailed me a "
+#| "letter. On the envelope he had written several amusing sayings, "
+#| "including this one: “Copyleft—all rights reversed.” I "
+#| "used the word “copyleft” to name the distribution concept I "
+#| "was developing at the time."
+msgid ""
+"In 1984 or 1985, Don Hopkins (a very imaginative fellow) mailed me a "
+"letter. <a href=\"/graphics/copyleft-sticker.html\">On the envelope</a> he "
+"had written several amusing sayings, including this one: “"
+"Copyleft—all rights reversed.” I used the word “"
+"copyleft” to name the distribution concept I was developing at the "
+"time."
+msgstr ""
+"(1) Më 1984 ose 1985, Don Hopkins (një djalë me shumë imagjinatë) më
dërgoi "
+"një letër. Mbi zarf kishte shkruar disa thënie zbavitëse, përfshi edhe "
+"këtë: “Copyleft—all rights reversed.” Përdora fjalën "
+"“copyleft” për të emërtuar konceptin e shpërndarjes që po "
+"hartoja në atë kohë."
+
+# type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><ol><li>
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "(2) We now use the <a href=\"/licenses/fdl.html\">GNU Free Documentation "
+#| "License</a> for documentation."
+msgid ""
+"We now use the <a href=\"/licenses/fdl.html\">GNU Free Documentation "
+"License</a> for documentation."
+msgstr ""
+"(2) Tani përdorim <a href=\"/licenses/fdl.html\">Lejen e Lirë GNU për "
+"Dokumentime</a> për dokumentim."
+
+# type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><ol><li>
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "(1) “Bourne Again Shell” is a play on the name “Bourne "
+#| "Shell”, which was the usual shell on Unix."
+msgid ""
+"“Bourne Again Shell” is a play on the name “Bourne Shell,"
+"” which was the usual shell on Unix."
+msgstr ""
+"(1) “Bourne Again Shell” është një lojë me emrin
“Bourne "
+"Shell”, i cili qe shelli i zakonshëm në Unix."
+
+# type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><ol><li>
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "(1) That was written in 1998. In 2009 we no longer maintain a long task "
+#| "list. The community develops free software so fast that we can't even "
+#| "keep track of it all. Instead, we have a list of High Priority Projects, "
+#| "a much shorter list of projects we really want to encourage people to "
+#| "write."
+msgid ""
+"That was written in 1998. In 2009 we no longer maintain a long task list. "
+"The community develops free software so fast that we can't even keep track "
+"of it all. Instead, we have a list of High Priority Projects, a much "
+"shorter list of projects we really want to encourage people to write."
+msgstr ""
+"(1) Qe shkruar më 1998. Nga 2009 e tëhu nuk mirëmbajmë një listë të
gjatë "
+"punësh. Bashkësia harton <em>software</em> të lirë me kaq shpejtësi sa
nuk "
+"arrijmë as t'i mbajmë në vëzhgim të tërë. Në vend të kësaj,
kemi një "
+"listë Projektesh të Përparësisë së lartë, një listë shumë më e
shkurtër "
+"projektesh për të cilat vërtet duam t'i nxisim njerëzit t'i "
+"shkruajnë."
+
+# type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><ol><li>
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "(1) This license is now called the GNU Lesser General Public License, to "
+#| "avoid giving the idea that all libraries ought to use it. See <a href=\"/"
+#| "philosophy/why-not-lgpl.html\">Why you shouldn't use the Lesser GPL for "
+#| "your next library</a> for more information."
+msgid ""
+"This license is now called the GNU Lesser General Public License, to avoid "
+"giving the idea that all libraries ought to use it. See <a href=\"/"
+"philosophy/why-not-lgpl.html\">Why you shouldn't use the Lesser GPL for your "
+"next library</a> for more information."
+msgstr ""
+"(1) Kjo leje tani <i>quhet GNU Lesser General Public License</i>, për të "
+"shmangur idenë se krejt libraritë janë të detyruara ta përdorin. Për
më "
+"tepër të dhëna, shihni <a href=\"/philosophy/why-not-lgpl.html\">Pse nuk
do "
+"të duhej të përdornit lejen Lesser GPL për librarinë tuaj të
ardhshme</a>."
+
+#. type: Content of: <div><ol><li>
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "(2008 note: this issue extends to the BIOS as well. There is a free "
+#| "BIOS, <a href=\"http://www.libreboot.org/\";>LibreBoot</a> (a distribution "
+#| "of coreboot); the problem is getting specs for machines so that LibreBoot "
+#| "can support them without nonfree “blobs”.)"
+msgid ""
+"2008 note: this issue extends to the BIOS as well. There is a free BIOS, <a "
+"href=\"https://libreboot.org/\";>LibreBoot</a> (a distribution of coreboot); "
+"the problem is getting specs for machines so that LibreBoot can support them "
+"without nonfree “blobs.”"
+msgstr ""
+"(Shënim i 2008-s: kjo çështje prek po ashtu edhe BIOS-in. Ka një BIOS
të "
+"lirë, <a href=\"http://www.libreboot.org/\";>LibreBoot</a> (një shpërndarje
e "
+"coreboot-it); problemi mbetet te pasja e specifikimeve për makinat, që "
+"kështu LibreBoot-i tâi mbulojë ato pa “blobs” jo të lirë.)"
+
+# type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><ol><li>
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "[Subsequent note: in September 2000, Qt was rereleased under the GNU GPL, "
+#| "which essentially solved this problem.]"
+msgid ""
+"In September 2000, Qt was rereleased under the GNU GPL, which essentially "
+"solved this problem."
+msgstr ""
+"[Shënim i mëpasshëm: në Shtator 2000, Qt u hodh në qarkullim nën GNU
GPL, "
+"çka në thelb e zgjidhi këtë problem.]"
+
+#. type: Content of: <div><ol><li>
+msgid "As of 2009, the GIF patents have expired."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <div><ol><li>
+msgid ""
+"As of 2017, the MP3 patents have expired. Look how long we had to wait."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <div><div><p>
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "Originally published in the book <em>Open Sources</em>. Richard Stallman "
+#| "was <a href=\"/philosophy/open-source-misses-the-point.html\"> never a "
+#| "supporter of “open source”</a>, but contributed this article "
+#| "so that the ideas of the free software movement would not be entirely "
+#| "absent from that book."
+msgid ""
+"Originally published in the book <cite>Open Sources</cite>. Richard "
+"Stallman was <a href=\"/philosophy/open-source-misses-the-point.html\"> "
+"never a supporter of “open source”</a>, but contributed this "
+"article so that the ideas of the free software movement would not be "
+"entirely absent from that book."
+msgstr ""
+"Botuar fillimisht në librin <em>Burime të Hapura</em>. Richard Stallman-i "
+"nuk ka qenë kurrë <a
href=\"/philosophy/open-source-misses-the-point.html\"> "
+"përkrahës i “burimit të hapur”</a>, por kontribuoi me këtë "
+"artikull që kështu idetë e lëvizjes për <em>software</em> të lirë të
mos "
+"ishin fare të paprekura në atë libër."
+
# type: Content of: <div>
#. TRANSLATORS: Use space (SPC) as msgstr if you don't have notes.
#. type: Content of: <div>
@@ -2404,6 +2681,7 @@
"të dërgohen te <a href=\"mailto:webmasters@gnu.org\";><webmasters@gnu."
"org></a>."
+# TODO: submitting -> contributing.
#. TRANSLATORS: Ignore the original text in this paragraph,
#. replace it with the translation of these two:
#. We work hard and do our best to provide accurate, good quality
@@ -2411,14 +2689,19 @@
#. Please send your comments and general suggestions in this regard
#. to <a href="mailto:web-translators@gnu.org";>
#. <web-translators@gnu.org></a>.</p>
-#. <p>For information on coordinating and submitting translations of
+#. <p>For information on coordinating and contributing translations of
#. our web pages, see <a
#. href="/server/standards/README.translations.html">Translations
#. README</a>.
#. type: Content of: <div><div><p>
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "Please see the <a href=\"/server/standards/README.translations.html"
+#| "\">Translations README</a> for information on coordinating and "
+#| "contributing translations of this article."
msgid ""
"Please see the <a href=\"/server/standards/README.translations.html"
-"\">Translations README</a> for information on coordinating and submitting "
+"\">Translations README</a> for information on coordinating and contributing "
"translations of this article."
msgstr ""
"Përpiqemi fort dhe bëjmë sa mundemi për të ofruar përkthime me cilësi
të "
@@ -2430,9 +2713,13 @@
"standards/README.translations.html\">README për përkthimet</a>."
#. type: Content of: <div><p>
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "Copyright © 1998, 2001, 2002, 2005, 2006, 2007, 2008, 2010, 2014, "
+#| "2015, 2017, 2018, 2020 Richard Stallman"
msgid ""
-"Copyright © 1998, 2001, 2002, 2005, 2006, 2007, 2008, 2010, 2014, 2015, "
-"2017, 2018, 2020 Richard Stallman"
+"Copyright © 1998, 2005, 2008, 2010, 2012, 2015, 2017, 2018, 2021 "
+"Richard Stallman"
msgstr ""
"Të drejta kopjimi © 1998, 2001, 2002, 2005, 2006, 2007, 2008, 2010, "
"2014, 2015, 2017, 2018, 2020 Richard Stallman"
Index: thegnuproject.tr.po
===================================================================
RCS file: /web/www/www/gnu/po/thegnuproject.tr.po,v
retrieving revision 1.50
retrieving revision 1.51
diff -u -b -r1.50 -r1.51
--- thegnuproject.tr.po 24 Oct 2021 07:25:26 -0000 1.50
+++ thegnuproject.tr.po 24 Oct 2021 07:31:38 -0000 1.51
@@ -11,7 +11,7 @@
msgid ""
msgstr ""
"Project-Id-Version: thegnuproject.html\n"
-"POT-Creation-Date: 2020-07-12 02:25+0000\n"
+"POT-Creation-Date: 2021-10-24 07:25+0000\n"
"PO-Revision-Date: 2021-02-15 12:50+0200\n"
"Last-Translator: T. E. Kalayci <tekrei@member.fsf.org>\n"
"Language-Team: Turkish <www-tr-comm@gnu.org>\n"
@@ -19,6 +19,7 @@
"MIME-Version: 1.0\n"
"Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8\n"
"Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit\n"
+"X-Outdated-Since: 2021-10-24 07:25+0000\n"
"Plural-Forms: nplurals=1; plural=0;\n"
"X-Generator: Poedit 2.3\n"
@@ -30,45 +31,21 @@
msgid "GNU, GNU Project, FSF, Free Software, Free Software Foundation, History"
msgstr "GNU, GNU Projesi, FSF, Ãzgür Yazılım, Ãzgür Yazılım Vakfı,
Tarihçe"
-#. type: Content of: <h2>
+#. type: Content of: <div><h2>
msgid "The GNU Project"
msgstr "GNU Projesi"
-#. type: Content of: <p>
-msgid ""
-"by <a href=\"http://www.stallman.org/\";><strong>Richard Stallman</strong></a>"
-msgstr ""
-"yazan <a href=\"http://www.stallman.org/\";><strong>Richard Stallman</"
-"strong></a>"
-
-#. type: Content of: <blockquote><p>
-msgid ""
-"Originally published in the book <em>Open Sources</em>. Richard Stallman "
-"was <a href=\"/philosophy/open-source-misses-the-point.html\"> never a "
-"supporter of “open source”</a>, but contributed this article so "
-"that the ideas of the free software movement would not be entirely absent "
-"from that book."
-msgstr ""
-"Orijinali <em>Açık Kaynaklar</em> kitabında yayınlanmıÅtır. Richard
Stallman "
-"<a href=\"/philosophy/open-source-misses-the-point.html\">hiç bir zaman "
-"“açık kaynak” destekçisi olmamıÅtır</a>, ancak özgür
yazılım "
-"hareketinin fikirlerinin kitapta eksik kalmaması için bu yazıyla kitaba "
-"katkıda bulunmuÅtur."
+#. type: Content of: <div><address>
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid "by <a href=\"https://www.stallman.org/\";>Richard Stallman</a>"
+msgid "by <a href=\"https://www.stallman.org/\";>Richard Stallman</a>"
+msgstr "yazan <a href=\"https://www.stallman.org/\";>Richard Stallman</a>"
-#. type: Content of: <blockquote><p>
-msgid ""
-"Why it is even more important than ever <a href=\"/philosophy/free-software-"
-"even-more-important.html\">to insist that the software we use be free</a>."
-msgstr ""
-"Neden <a href=\"/philosophy/free-software-even-more-important.html"
-"\">kullandıÄımız yazılımın özgür olacaÄı konusunda ısrar
etmek</a> her "
-"zamankinden daha önemli."
-
-#. type: Content of: <h3>
+#. type: Content of: <div><h3>
msgid "The first software-sharing community"
msgstr "Ä°lk yazılım paylaÅma topluluÄu"
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"When I started working at the <abbr title=\"Massachusetts Institute of "
"Technology\">MIT</abbr> Artificial Intelligence Lab in 1971, I became part "
@@ -84,15 +61,24 @@
"bilgisayar tarihi kadar eskiydi, tariflerin paylaÅılmasının aÅçılık
kadar "
"eski olması gibi. Ancak bunu çok iyi bir Åekilde baÅardık."
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "The AI Lab used a timesharing operating system called <abbr title="
+#| "\"Incompatible Timesharing System\">ITS</abbr> (the Incompatible "
+#| "Timesharing System) that the lab's staff hackers (1) had designed and "
+#| "written in assembler language for the Digital <abbr title=\"Programmed "
+#| "Data Processor\">PDP</abbr>-10, one of the large computers of the era. "
+#| "As a member of this community, an AI Lab staff system hacker, my job was "
+#| "to improve this system."
msgid ""
"The AI Lab used a timesharing operating system called <abbr title="
"\"Incompatible Timesharing System\">ITS</abbr> (the Incompatible Timesharing "
-"System) that the lab's staff hackers (1) had designed and written in "
-"assembler language for the Digital <abbr title=\"Programmed Data Processor"
-"\">PDP</abbr>-10, one of the large computers of the era. As a member of "
-"this community, an AI Lab staff system hacker, my job was to improve this "
-"system."
+"System) that the lab's staff hackers <a href=\"#ft1\">[1]</a> had "
+"designed and written in assembler language for the Digital <abbr title="
+"\"Programmed Data Processor\">PDP</abbr>-10, one of the large computers of "
+"the era. As a member of this community, an AI Lab staff system hacker, my "
+"job was to improve this system."
msgstr ""
"YZ Laboratuvarı, zamanın en büyük bilgisayarlarından biri olan Digital
<abbr "
"title=\"Programmed Data Processor\">PDP</abbr>-10 için laboratuvar ekibi "
@@ -102,9 +88,17 @@
"kullanmaktaydı. Bu topluluÄun bir üyesi, YZ laboratuvar sistem hackerâı
"
"olarak, benim görevim bu sistemi daha da geliÅtirmekti."
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "We did not call our software “free software”, because that "
+#| "term did not yet exist; but that is what it was. Whenever people from "
+#| "another university or a company wanted to port and use a program, we "
+#| "gladly let them. If you saw someone using an unfamiliar and interesting "
+#| "program, you could always ask to see the source code, so that you could "
+#| "read it, change it, or cannibalize parts of it to make a new program."
msgid ""
-"We did not call our software “free software”, because that term "
+"We did not call our software “free software,” because that term "
"did not yet exist; but that is what it was. Whenever people from another "
"university or a company wanted to port and use a program, we gladly let "
"them. If you saw someone using an unfamiliar and interesting program, you "
@@ -119,27 +113,20 @@
"kaynak kodunu okur, deÄiÅtirir ya da yeni bir program oluÅturmak için, "
"parçalayıp baÅka Åekilde birleÅtirirsiniz."
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><div><p>
msgid ""
-"(1) The use of “hacker” to mean “security breaker” "
-"is a confusion on the part of the mass media. We hackers refuse to "
-"recognize that meaning, and continue using the word to mean someone who "
-"loves to program, someone who enjoys playful cleverness, or the combination "
-"of the two. See my article, <a href=\"http://stallman.org/articles/on-";
-"hacking.html\">On Hacking</a>."
+"Why it is even more important than ever <a href=\"/philosophy/free-software-"
+"even-more-important.html\">to insist that the software we use be free</a>."
msgstr ""
-"(1) Yaygın medyada “güvenlik kırıcısı”nı ifade etmek için
“"
-"hacker”ın kullanılması kafa karıÅıklıÄı yaratır. Biz
hackerâlar bu "
-"ifadeyi kabul etmeyiz ve hackerâın kelime anlamı olarak
“programlamayı "
-"seven, oyuncu zekadan veya bunların bir bileÅiminden hoÅlanan kimse”
"
-"tanımını kullanmayı tercih ederiz. <a
href=\"http://stallman.org/articles/on-";
-"hacking.html\">Hacking üzerine</a> baÅlıklı yazıma bakabilirsiniz."
+"Neden <a href=\"/philosophy/free-software-even-more-important.html"
+"\">kullandıÄımız yazılımın özgür olacaÄı konusunda ısrar
etmek</a> her "
+"zamankinden daha önemli."
-#. type: Content of: <h3>
+#. type: Content of: <div><h3>
msgid "The collapse of the community"
msgstr "TopluluÄun ÃöküÅü"
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"The situation changed drastically in the early 1980s when Digital "
"discontinued the PDP-10 series. Its architecture, elegant and powerful in "
@@ -153,15 +140,24 @@
"geniÅleyemedi. Bunun anlamı ITS'ye yönelik olarak yazılmıŠolan bütün
"
"programların geçersiz hale gelmesiydi."
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "The AI Lab hacker community had already collapsed, not long before. In "
+#| "1981, the spin-off company Symbolics had hired away nearly all of the "
+#| "hackers from the AI Lab, and the depopulated community was unable to "
+#| "maintain itself. (The book Hackers, by Steve Levy, describes these "
+#| "events, as well as giving a clear picture of this community in its "
+#| "prime.) When the AI Lab bought a new PDP-10 in 1982, its administrators "
+#| "decided to use Digital's nonfree timesharing system instead of ITS."
msgid ""
"The AI Lab hacker community had already collapsed, not long before. In "
"1981, the spin-off company Symbolics had hired away nearly all of the "
"hackers from the AI Lab, and the depopulated community was unable to "
-"maintain itself. (The book Hackers, by Steve Levy, describes these events, "
-"as well as giving a clear picture of this community in its prime.) When the "
-"AI Lab bought a new PDP-10 in 1982, its administrators decided to use "
-"Digital's nonfree timesharing system instead of ITS."
+"maintain itself. (The book <cite>Hackers</cite>, by Steve Levy, describes "
+"these events, as well as giving a clear picture of this community in its "
+"prime.) When the AI Lab bought a new PDP-10 in 1982, its administrators "
+"decided to use Digital's nonfree timesharing system instead of ITS."
msgstr ""
"YZ laboratuvarı zaten çökmüÅtü. 1981 yılında, Symbolics firması YZ "
"Laboratuvarındaki hackerâların hemen hemen hepsini iÅten çıkardı ve
bu "
@@ -171,7 +167,7 @@
"yeni makine üzerinde ITS yerine özgür olmayan bir zaman paylaÅımlı
sistemi "
"kullanmaya karar verdi."
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"The modern computers of the era, such as the VAX or the 68020, had their own "
"operating systems, but none of them were free software: you had to sign a "
@@ -182,7 +178,7 @@
"deÄildi: çalıÅtırılabilir bir kopya elde etmek için, bir gizlilik
anlaÅması "
"imzalamanız gerekliydi."
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"This meant that the first step in using a computer was to promise not to "
"help your neighbor. A cooperating community was forbidden. The rule made "
@@ -197,7 +193,7 @@
"korsansınız. Herhangi bir deÄiÅiklik isterseniz, bu deÄiÅikliÄin
yapılmasını "
"bizden rica edin.”"
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"The idea that the proprietary software social system—the system that "
"says you are not allowed to share or change software—is antisocial, "
@@ -219,11 +215,19 @@
"insanları, bu konuya yönelik tek bir bakıŠaçısı olduÄuna inandırmak
için "
"uzun ve zorlu bir çalıÅma yürütmüÅlerdir."
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "When software publishers talk about “enforcing” their “"
+#| "rights” or “stopping <a href=\"/philosophy/words-to-avoid."
+#| "html#Piracy\">piracy</a>”, what they actually <em>say</em> is "
+#| "secondary. The real message of these statements is in the unstated "
+#| "assumptions they take for granted, which the public is asked to accept "
+#| "without examination. Let's therefore examine them."
msgid ""
"When software publishers talk about “enforcing” their “"
"rights” or “stopping <a href=\"/philosophy/words-to-avoid."
-"html#Piracy\">piracy</a>”, what they actually <em>say</em> is "
+"html#Piracy\">piracy</a>,” what they actually <em>say</em> is "
"secondary. The real message of these statements is in the unstated "
"assumptions they take for granted, which the public is asked to accept "
"without examination. Let's therefore examine them."
@@ -235,7 +239,7 @@
"varsayımlardadır; insanların üzerine kafa yormadan bunları kabul etmesi "
"beklenmektedir. Åimdi bunları inceleyelim."
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"One assumption is that software companies have an unquestionable natural "
"right to own software and thus have power over all its users. (If this were "
@@ -252,7 +256,7 @@
"ancak telif hakkı kullanıcıların doÄal kopyalama hakkını
sınırlandıran ve "
"hükümet tarafından dayatılan yapay bir tekeldir."
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"Another unstated assumption is that the only important thing about software "
"is what jobs it allows you to do—that we computer users should not "
@@ -262,7 +266,7 @@
"hangi iÅleri yapmaya izin verdiÄidir, biz bilgisayar kullanıcılarının
ne tür "
"topluluklara sahip olmaya izinli olduÄumuza aldırmamalıyız."
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"A third assumption is that we would have no usable software (or would never "
"have a program to do this or that particular job) if we did not offer a "
@@ -277,7 +281,7 @@
"yazılım üretebileceÄini göstermesinden önce bu varsayım uygunmuÅ gibi
"
"görünmüŠolabilir."
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"If we decline to accept these assumptions, and judge these issues based on "
"ordinary commonsense morality while placing the users first, we arrive at "
@@ -291,13 +295,20 @@
"programlarını deÄiÅtirme ve yazılımlarını paylaÅma konusunda özgür
olmalıdır "
"çünkü diÄer insanlara yardımcı olmak toplumun temelidir."
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "There is no room here for an extensive statement of the reasoning behind "
+#| "this conclusion, so I refer the reader to the web pages <a href=\"/"
+#| "philosophy/why-free.html\"> http://www.gnu.org/philosophy/why-free.html</"
+#| "a> and <a href=\"/philosophy/free-software-even-more-important.html\"> "
+#| "http://www.gnu.org/philosophy/free-software-even-more-important.html</a>."
msgid ""
"There is no room here for an extensive statement of the reasoning behind "
-"this conclusion, so I refer the reader to the web pages <a href=\"/"
-"philosophy/why-free.html\"> http://www.gnu.org/philosophy/why-free.html</a> "
-"and <a href=\"/philosophy/free-software-even-more-important.html\"> http://";
-"www.gnu.org/philosophy/free-software-even-more-important.html</a>."
+"this conclusion, so I refer the reader to “<a href=\"/philosophy/why-"
+"free.html\">Why Software Should Not Have Owners</a>,” and “<a "
+"href=\"/philosophy/free-software-even-more-important.html\">Free Software Is "
+"Even More Important Now</a>.”"
msgstr ""
"Burada bu sonuca varmayı açıklamaya yetecek yer kalmadı, bu yüzden "
"okuyuculara <a href=\"/philosophy/why-free.html\"> http://www.gnu.org/";
@@ -305,11 +316,11 @@
"more-important.html\"> http://www.gnu.org/philosophy/free-software-even-more-";
"important.html</a> sayfalarını öneririm."
-#. type: Content of: <h3>
+#. type: Content of: <div><h3>
msgid "A stark moral choice"
msgstr "Yalın Ahlaki Seçim"
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"With my community gone, to continue as before was impossible. Instead, I "
"faced a stark moral choice."
@@ -317,7 +328,7 @@
"TopluluÄumuzun sona ermesiyle, daha önceki gibi devam etmek mümkün
deÄildi. "
"Bunun yerine, bir yalın ahlaki seçimle karÅı karÅıya geldim."
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"The easy choice was to join the proprietary software world, signing "
"nondisclosure agreements and promising not to help my fellow hacker. Most "
@@ -331,7 +342,7 @@
"geliÅtiriyor olacaktım, böylece diÄer insanların da hacker
arkadaÅlarına "
"ihanet etmesine iliÅkin baskıyı arttıracaktım."
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"I could have made money this way, and perhaps amused myself writing code. "
"But I knew that at the end of my career, I would look back on years of "
@@ -343,7 +354,7 @@
"yılları görecek ve yıllarımı dünyayı daha kötü bir yer haline
getirmekle "
"geçirmiÅ olduÄumu fark edecektim."
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"I had already experienced being on the receiving end of a nondisclosure "
"agreement, when someone refused to give me and the MIT AI Lab the source "
@@ -360,7 +371,7 @@
"kendime söyleyemem. Yazıcı programı benimle paylaÅılmayınca çok
sinirlendim; "
"vazgeçip, arkamı dönüp ben de aynı Åeyi bir baÅkasına yapamazdım."
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"Another choice, straightforward but unpleasant, was to leave the computer "
"field. That way my skills would not be misused, but they would still be "
@@ -372,7 +383,7 @@
"harcanmıŠolacaktı. Bilgisayar kullanıcılarını bölme ve sınırlama
konusunda "
"suçlamayı hak etmeyecektim ama bu, bir Åekilde gerçekleÅecekti."
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"So I looked for a way that a programmer could do something for the good. I "
"asked myself, was there a program or programs that I could write, so as to "
@@ -382,7 +393,7 @@
"Kendi kendime, bir topluluÄu yeniden mümkün hale getirebilecek bir
programı "
"yazıp yazamayacaÄımı sordum?"
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"The answer was clear: what was needed first was an operating system. That "
"is the crucial software for starting to use a computer. With an operating "
@@ -400,7 +411,16 @@
"katılmaya davet edebiliriz. Ve herkes, arkadaÅlarını mahrum etmeden bir "
"bilgisayarı kullanabilir."
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "As an operating system developer, I had the right skills for this job. "
+#| "So even though I could not take success for granted, I realized that I "
+#| "was elected to do the job. I chose to make the system compatible with "
+#| "Unix so that it would be portable, and so that Unix users could easily "
+#| "switch to it. The name GNU was chosen, following a hacker tradition, as "
+#| "a recursive acronym for “GNU's Not Unix.” It is pronounced as "
+#| "<a href=\"/gnu/pronunciation.html\">one syllable with a hard g</a>."
msgid ""
"As an operating system developer, I had the right skills for this job. So "
"even though I could not take success for granted, I realized that I was "
@@ -408,7 +428,7 @@
"that it would be portable, and so that Unix users could easily switch to "
"it. The name GNU was chosen, following a hacker tradition, as a recursive "
"acronym for “GNU's Not Unix.” It is pronounced as <a href=\"/gnu/"
-"pronunciation.html\">one syllable with a hard g</a>."
+"pronunciation.html\">one syllable with a hard <i>g</i></a>."
msgstr ""
"Bir iÅletim sistemi geliÅtiricisi olarak, bu iÅ için doÄru yeteneklere "
"sahiptim. Bu nedenle, hak ettiÄim baÅarıyı elde edebileceÄimi
düÅünmesem de, "
@@ -419,7 +439,7 @@
"seçilmiÅti. <a href=\"/gnu/pronunciation.html\">Sert bir g ile tek hece</a>
"
"Åeklinde telaffuz ediliyor."
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"An operating system does not mean just a kernel, barely enough to run other "
"programs. In the 1970s, every operating system worthy of the name included "
@@ -434,39 +454,35 @@
"içermekteydi . ITSâte, Multicsâte, VMSâte ve Unixâte bunlar vardı.
GNU "
"iÅletim sistemi de bunları içerecekti."
-#. type: Content of: <p>
-msgid "Later I heard these words, attributed to Hillel (1):"
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid "Later I heard these words, attributed to Hillel (1):"
+msgid ""
+"Later I heard these words, attributed to Hillel <a href=\"#ft2\">[2]</"
+"a>:"
msgstr "Daha sonra Hillelâe atfedilen (1) Åu sözleri duydum:"
-#. type: Content of: <blockquote><p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><blockquote><p>
msgid "If I am not for myself, who will be for me?"
msgstr "Ben kendim için deÄilsem, benim için olacak kimdir?"
-#. type: Content of: <blockquote><p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><blockquote><p>
msgid "If I am only for myself, what am I?"
msgstr "Ben yalnızca kendim içinsem, ben neyim?"
-#. type: Content of: <blockquote><p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><blockquote><p>
msgid "If not now, when?"
msgstr "Åimdi deÄilse, ne zaman?"
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid "The decision to start the GNU Project was based on a similar spirit."
msgstr "GNU Projesini baÅlatma kararı benzer bir ruhu esas almaktadır."
-#. type: Content of: <p>
-msgid ""
-"(1) As an Atheist, I don't follow any religious leaders, but I sometimes "
-"find I admire something one of them has said."
-msgstr ""
-"Bir ateist olarak, dini liderleri izlemiyorum ama bazen dini liderlerden "
-"birinin söylediÄi bir sözü beÄendiÄimi fark ediyorum."
-
-#. type: Content of: <h3>
+#. type: Content of: <div><h3>
msgid "Free as in freedom"
msgstr "âFree Softwareâ'deki âFreeâ Ãzgürlük Anlamındadır"
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"The term “free software” is sometimes misunderstood—it has "
"nothing to do with price. It is about freedom. Here, therefore, is the "
@@ -477,19 +493,19 @@
"ifadesinin ücretle bir ilgisi yoktur. Burada âfreeâ ifadesi
özgürlükle "
"ilgilidir. Bu nedenle, burada özgür yazılımın tanımı."
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid "A program is free software, for you, a particular user, if:"
msgstr ""
"AÅaÄıdaki Åartlar yerine getirildiÄinde, sizin gibi belirli bir
kullanıcı "
"için, bir program özgür bir yazılımdır:"
-#. type: Content of: <ul><li>
+#. type: Content of: <div><ul><li>
msgid "You have the freedom to run the program as you wish, for any purpose."
msgstr ""
"Programı herhangi bir amaçla, istediÄiniz gibi çalıÅtırma
özgürlüÄüne "
"sahipseniz."
-#. type: Content of: <ul><li>
+#. type: Content of: <div><ul><li>
msgid ""
"You have the freedom to modify the program to suit your needs. (To make "
"this freedom effective in practice, you must have access to the source code, "
@@ -501,14 +517,14 @@
"koduna eriÅebilmelisiniz, çünkü kaynak kodu olmaksızın bir programda "
"deÄiÅiklikler yapmak aÅırı zordur.)"
-#. type: Content of: <ul><li>
+#. type: Content of: <div><ul><li>
msgid ""
"You have the freedom to redistribute copies, either gratis or for a fee."
msgstr ""
"Kopyaları ücretsiz olarak ya da belirli bir ücret karÅılıÄında
yeniden "
"daÄıtma özgürlüÄüne sahipseniz."
-#. type: Content of: <ul><li>
+#. type: Content of: <div><ul><li>
msgid ""
"You have the freedom to distribute modified versions of the program, so that "
"the community can benefit from your improvements."
@@ -516,7 +532,7 @@
"Toplumun geliÅmelerden faydalanmasını saÄlamak için, programın
deÄiÅtirilmiÅ "
"sürümlerini daÄıtma özgürlüÄüne sahipseniz."
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"Since “free” refers to freedom, not to price, there is no "
"contradiction between selling copies and free software. In fact, the "
@@ -533,14 +549,24 @@
"nedenle, insanların bu koleksiyonlara ekleyemediÄi bir program özgür
yazılım "
"deÄildir."
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "Because of the ambiguity of “free”, people have long looked "
+#| "for alternatives, but no one has found a better term. The English "
+#| "language has more words and nuances than any other, but it lacks a "
+#| "simple, unambiguous, word that means “free”, as in "
+#| "freedom—“unfettered” being the word that comes closest "
+#| "in meaning. Such alternatives as “liberated”, “"
+#| "freedom”, and “open” have either the wrong meaning or "
+#| "some other disadvantage."
msgid ""
-"Because of the ambiguity of “free”, people have long looked for "
+"Because of the ambiguity of “free,” people have long looked for "
"alternatives, but no one has found a better term. The English language has "
"more words and nuances than any other, but it lacks a simple, unambiguous, "
-"word that means “free”, as in freedom—“"
+"word that means “free,” as in freedom—“"
"unfettered” being the word that comes closest in meaning. Such "
-"alternatives as “liberated”, “freedom”, and “"
+"alternatives as “liberated,” “freedom,” and “"
"open” have either the wrong meaning or some other disadvantage."
msgstr ""
"âÃzgürâün (Free kelimesinin Ä°ngilizce'deki) anlam belirsizliÄinden
dolayı, "
@@ -551,11 +577,11 @@
"âzincirsizâ anlamca en yakın gelen sözcüktür. âÃzgür
bırakılmıÅâ, âözgürlükâ "
"ve âaçıkâ yanlıŠbir anlama ya da baÅka bazı dezavantajlara
sahiptir."
-#. type: Content of: <h3>
+#. type: Content of: <div><h3>
msgid "GNU software and the GNU system"
msgstr "GNU Yazılımı ve GNU Sistemi"
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"Developing a whole system is a very large project. To bring it into reach, "
"I decided to adapt and use existing pieces of free software wherever that "
@@ -569,7 +595,7 @@
"olarak TeXâi kullanmaya karar verdim, GNU için baÅka bir pencere sistemi "
"yazmak yerine X Window Sistemini kullanmaya karar verdim."
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"Because of these decisions, and others like them, the GNU system is not the "
"same as the collection of all GNU software. The GNU system includes "
@@ -582,11 +608,11 @@
"amaçları için diÄer insanlar ve projeler tarafından geliÅtirilen ancak
özgür "
"yazılım oldukları için kullanabildiÄimiz programları içerir."
-#. type: Content of: <h3>
+#. type: Content of: <div><h3>
msgid "Commencing the project"
msgstr "Projenin BaÅlatılması"
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"In January 1984 I quit my job at MIT and began writing GNU software. "
"Leaving MIT was necessary so that MIT would not be able to interfere with "
@@ -605,7 +631,7 @@
"dönüÅtürebilirdi. ÃalıÅmaların sonuçsuz kalmasını ve baÅarısız
olmasını "
"istemiyordum, amacım yeni bir yazılım paylaÅım topluluÄu
oluÅturmaktı."
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"However, Professor Winston, then the head of the MIT AI Lab, kindly invited "
"me to keep using the lab's facilities."
@@ -614,15 +640,23 @@
"Profesör Winston, beni, kibarca laboratuvarın olanaklarını kullanmaya
devam "
"etmem yönünde teÅvik etti."
-#. type: Content of: <h3>
+#. type: Content of: <div><h3>
msgid "The first steps"
msgstr "İlk Adımlar"
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "Shortly before beginning the GNU Project, I heard about the Free "
+#| "University Compiler Kit, also known as VUCK. (The Dutch word for “"
+#| "free” is written with a <em>v</em>.) This was a compiler designed "
+#| "to handle multiple languages, including C and Pascal, and to support "
+#| "multiple target machines. I wrote to its author asking if GNU could use "
+#| "it."
msgid ""
"Shortly before beginning the GNU Project, I heard about the Free University "
"Compiler Kit, also known as VUCK. (The Dutch word for “free” is "
-"written with a <em>v</em>.) This was a compiler designed to handle multiple "
+"written with a <i>v</i>.) This was a compiler designed to handle multiple "
"languages, including C and Pascal, and to support multiple target machines. "
"I wrote to its author asking if GNU could use it."
msgstr ""
@@ -633,7 +667,7 @@
"tasarlanmıŠbir derleyiciydi. GNUânun bunu kullanıp kullanamayacaÄını
sormak "
"için yazarına yazdım."
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"He responded derisively, stating that the university was free but the "
"compiler was not. I therefore decided that my first program for the GNU "
@@ -643,7 +677,7 @@
"özgür olmadıÄını söyledi. Bu nedenle, GNU Projesi için ilk
programımın çok-"
"dilli çok platformlu bir derleyici olmasına karar verdim."
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"Hoping to avoid the need to write the whole compiler myself, I obtained the "
"source code for the Pastel compiler, which was a multiplatform compiler "
@@ -664,11 +698,22 @@
"mevcut 68000 Unix sisteminin yalnızca 64kâya izin verdiÄini fark
ettiÄimde "
"bundan vazgeçtim."
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "I then realized that the Pastel compiler functioned by parsing the entire "
+#| "input file into a syntax tree, converting the whole syntax tree into a "
+#| "chain of “instructions”, and then generating the whole output "
+#| "file, without ever freeing any storage. At this point, I concluded I "
+#| "would have to write a new compiler from scratch. That new compiler is "
+#| "now known as <abbr title=\"GNU Compiler Collection\">GCC</abbr>; none of "
+#| "the Pastel compiler is used in it, but I managed to adapt and use the C "
+#| "front end that I had written. But that was some years later; first, I "
+#| "worked on GNU Emacs."
msgid ""
"I then realized that the Pastel compiler functioned by parsing the entire "
"input file into a syntax tree, converting the whole syntax tree into a chain "
-"of “instructions”, and then generating the whole output file, "
+"of “instructions,” and then generating the whole output file, "
"without ever freeing any storage. At this point, I concluded I would have "
"to write a new compiler from scratch. That new compiler is now known as "
"<abbr title=\"GNU Compiler Collection\">GCC</abbr>; none of the Pastel "
@@ -685,11 +730,11 @@
"uyarlamayı ve kullanmayı saÄladım. Ancak bunu birkaç yıl sonra "
"gerçekleÅtirdim; ilk olarak, GNU Emacs üzerinde çalıÅtım."
-#. type: Content of: <h3>
+#. type: Content of: <div><h3>
msgid "GNU Emacs"
msgstr "GNU Emacs"
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"I began work on GNU Emacs in September 1984, and in early 1985 it was "
"beginning to be usable. This enabled me to begin using Unix systems to do "
@@ -702,7 +747,7 @@
"kullanmayı öÄrenme konusunda bir ilgim yoktu, o zamana kadar düzenleme "
"iÅlemlerimi diÄer makineler üzerinde gerçekleÅtirmiÅtim."
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"At this point, people began wanting to use GNU Emacs, which raised the "
"question of how to distribute it. Of course, I put it on the anonymous ftp "
@@ -723,7 +768,7 @@
"ftp ile bir kopyasını alamadı. Bu nedenle, Åu soru ortaya çıktı:
onlara ne "
"diyecektim?"
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"I could have said, “Find a friend who is on the net and who will make "
"a copy for you.” Or I could have done what I did with the original "
@@ -745,11 +790,11 @@
"daÄıtım iÅine baÅladım, böylece, günümüzde Linux-tabanlı GNU
sistemlerini "
"daÄıtan firmalar için öncü oldum."
-#. type: Content of: <h3>
+#. type: Content of: <div><h3>
msgid "Is a program free for every user?"
msgstr "Bir program her kullanıcı için özgür müdür?"
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"If a program is free software when it leaves the hands of its author, this "
"does not necessarily mean it will be free software for everyone who has a "
@@ -769,7 +814,7 @@
"deÄiÅtirilmiŠözel mülk sürümlere izin veren basit izin lisansları
altında "
"daÄıtılmıÅtır."
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"The paradigmatic example of this problem is the X Window System. Developed "
"at MIT, and released as free software with a permissive license, it was soon "
@@ -784,11 +829,18 @@
"aynı anlaÅma ile kapsanmıÅtır. Xâin bu kopyaları, bundan böyle
Unixâin "
"olduÄundan daha fazla özgür yazılım deÄildir."
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "The developers of the X Window System did not consider this a "
+#| "problem—they expected and intended this to happen. Their goal was "
+#| "not freedom, just “success”, defined as “having many "
+#| "users.” They did not care whether these users had freedom, only "
+#| "that they should be numerous."
msgid ""
"The developers of the X Window System did not consider this a problem—"
"they expected and intended this to happen. Their goal was not freedom, just "
-"“success”, defined as “having many users.” They did "
+"“success,” defined as “having many users.” They did "
"not care whether these users had freedom, only that they should be numerous."
msgstr ""
"X Window Sisteminin geliÅtiricileri bunu bir problem olarak görmemiÅler ,
bu "
@@ -797,7 +849,7 @@
"tanımlanmaktaydı. Kullanıcıların özgürlüÄe sahip olup olmamaları
umurlarında "
"deÄildi, tek istedikleri çok sayıda kullanıcıya sahip olmaktı."
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"This led to a paradoxical situation where two different ways of counting the "
"amount of freedom gave different answers to the question, “Is this "
@@ -816,23 +868,29 @@
"X kullanıcısı, Unix sistemleriyle birlikte verilen özel mülk sürümleri
"
"kullanmaktadır, özgür sürümü kullanmamaktadır."
-#. type: Content of: <h3>
+#. type: Content of: <div><h3>
msgid "Copyleft and the GNU GPL"
msgstr "Copyleft ve GNU GPL"
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "The goal of GNU was to give users freedom, not just to be popular. So we "
+#| "needed to use distribution terms that would prevent GNU software from "
+#| "being turned into proprietary software. The method we use is called "
+#| "“copyleft”.(1)"
msgid ""
"The goal of GNU was to give users freedom, not just to be popular. So we "
"needed to use distribution terms that would prevent GNU software from being "
"turned into proprietary software. The method we use is called “"
-"copyleft”.(1)"
+"copyleft” <a href=\"#ft3\">[3]</a>."
msgstr ""
"GNUânun hedefi yalnızca popüler olmak deÄil kullanıcılara özgürlük
de "
"saÄlamaktır. Bu nedenle, GNU yazılımının özel mülk yazılıma
dönüÅtürülmesini "
"önleyen daÄıtım terimlerini kullanmamız gereklidir. KullandıÄımız
yöntem "
"copyleft yöntemidir. (1)"
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"Copyleft uses copyright law, but flips it over to serve the opposite of its "
"usual purpose: instead of a means for restricting a program, it becomes a "
@@ -842,7 +900,7 @@
"etmesi için onu ters yüz eder: yazılımı özel hale getirmek yerine,
yazılımı "
"özgür tutmanın bir aracı haline gelir."
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"The central idea of copyleft is that we give everyone permission to run the "
"program, copy the program, modify the program, and distribute modified "
@@ -856,7 +914,7 @@
"özgürlükler, yazılımın kopyasına sahip herkes için mevcuttur; bu,
geri "
"alınamaz bir haktır."
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"For an effective copyleft, modified versions must also be free. This "
"ensures that work based on ours becomes available to our community if it is "
@@ -872,7 +930,7 @@
"deÄiÅiklikleri paylaÅamazsın çünkü programın özel mülk sürümünü
oluÅturmak "
"için bu deÄiÅiklikleri kullanacaÄımâ denmesini önler."
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"The requirement that changes must be free is essential if we want to ensure "
"freedom for every user of the program. The companies that privatized the X "
@@ -889,7 +947,7 @@
"DeÄiÅikliklerin yapılması kullanıcıların özgürlüklerinin inkâr
edilmesine "
"iliÅkin bir özürse, herkesin bu bahaneden yararlanması kolaydır."
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"A related issue concerns combining a free program with nonfree code. Such a "
"combination would inevitably be nonfree; whichever freedoms are lacking for "
@@ -908,13 +966,21 @@
"gibi bir programa eklenmiÅ herhangi bir Åey, birleÅtirilmiÅ daha büyük "
"sürümün de özgür ve copyleft olmasını gerektirecektir."
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "The specific implementation of copyleft that we use for most GNU software "
+#| "is the GNU General Public License, or GNU GPL for short. We have other "
+#| "kinds of copyleft that are used in specific circumstances. GNU manuals "
+#| "are copylefted also, but use a much simpler kind of copyleft, because the "
+#| "complexity of the GNU GPL is not necessary for manuals.(2)"
msgid ""
"The specific implementation of copyleft that we use for most GNU software is "
"the GNU General Public License, or GNU GPL for short. We have other kinds "
"of copyleft that are used in specific circumstances. GNU manuals are "
"copylefted also, but use a much simpler kind of copyleft, because the "
-"complexity of the GNU GPL is not necessary for manuals.(2)"
+"complexity of the GNU GPL is not necessary for manuals. <a href="
+"\"#ft4\">[4]</a>"
msgstr ""
"Birçok GNU yazılımı için kullandıÄımız copyleftâin özel
gerçekleÅtirimi, GNU "
"Genel Kamu Lisansı ya da kısaca GNU GPLâdir. Bazı özel durumlarda ve "
@@ -922,37 +988,25 @@
"kılavuzu da copyleft edilir ancak çok daha basit bir copyleft tipi "
"kullanırlar çünkü GNU GPLânin karmaÅıklıÄı kılavuzlar için
gerekmez. (2)"
-#. type: Content of: <p>
-msgid ""
-"(1) In 1984 or 1985, Don Hopkins (a very imaginative fellow) mailed me a "
-"letter. On the envelope he had written several amusing sayings, including "
-"this one: “Copyleft—all rights reversed.” I used the word "
-"“copyleft” to name the distribution concept I was developing at "
-"the time."
-msgstr ""
-"(1) 1984 ya da 1985 yılında, Don Hopkins (hayal gücü çok geniŠolan bir
"
-"adam) bana bir mektup gönderdi. Mektubunda birçok komik Åey yazıyordu,
Åu da "
-"bunlardan biriydi: âCopyleft , tüm hakları ters çevrilmiÅtirâ.
âCopyleftâ "
-"sözcüÄünü o zamanlar geliÅtirmekte olduÄum daÄıtım kavramını
adlandırmak "
-"için kullanmıÅtım."
-
-#. type: Content of: <p>
-msgid ""
-"(2) We now use the <a href=\"/licenses/fdl.html\">GNU Free Documentation "
-"License</a> for documentation."
-msgstr ""
-"(2) Åimdi belgeler için <a href=\"/licenses/fdl.html\">GNU Ãzgür "
-"Belgelendirme Lisansı</a>nı kullanıyoruz."
-
-#. type: Content of: <h3>
+#. type: Content of: <div><h3>
msgid "The Free Software Foundation"
msgstr "Ãzgür Yazılım Vakfı"
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "As interest in using Emacs was growing, other people became involved in "
+#| "the GNU project, and we decided that it was time to seek funding once "
+#| "again. So in 1985 we created the <a href=\"http://www.fsf.org/\";>Free "
+#| "Software Foundation</a> (FSF), a tax-exempt charity for free software "
+#| "development. The <abbr title=\"Free Software Foundation\">FSF</abbr> "
+#| "also took over the Emacs tape distribution business; later it extended "
+#| "this by adding other free software (both GNU and non-GNU) to the tape, "
+#| "and by selling free manuals as well."
msgid ""
"As interest in using Emacs was growing, other people became involved in the "
"GNU project, and we decided that it was time to seek funding once again. So "
-"in 1985 we created the <a href=\"http://www.fsf.org/\";>Free Software "
+"in 1985 we created the <a href=\"https://www.fsf.org/\";>Free Software "
"Foundation</a> (FSF), a tax-exempt charity for free software development. "
"The <abbr title=\"Free Software Foundation\">FSF</abbr> also took over the "
"Emacs tape distribution business; later it extended this by adding other "
@@ -968,16 +1022,27 @@
"yazılımları (hem GNU hem de GNU-olmayan) ekleyerek ve özgür
kılavuzları "
"satarak bu iÅi geniÅletti."
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "Most of the FSF's income used to come from sales of copies of free "
+#| "software and of other related services (CD-ROMs of source code, CD-ROMs "
+#| "with binaries, nicely printed manuals, all with the freedom to "
+#| "redistribute and modify), and Deluxe Distributions (distributions for "
+#| "which we built the whole collection of software for the customer's choice "
+#| "of platform). Today the FSF still <a href=\"http://shop.fsf.org/\";> "
+#| "sells manuals and other gear</a>, but it gets the bulk of its funding "
+#| "from members' dues. You can join the FSF at <a href=\"http://fsf.org/join";
+#| "\">fsf.org</a>."
msgid ""
"Most of the FSF's income used to come from sales of copies of free software "
"and of other related services (CD-ROMs of source code, CD-ROMs with "
"binaries, nicely printed manuals, all with the freedom to redistribute and "
"modify), and Deluxe Distributions (distributions for which we built the "
"whole collection of software for the customer's choice of platform). Today "
-"the FSF still <a href=\"http://shop.fsf.org/\";> sells manuals and other "
+"the FSF still <a href=\"https://shop.fsf.org/\";> sells manuals and other "
"gear</a>, but it gets the bulk of its funding from members' dues. You can "
-"join the FSF at <a href=\"http://fsf.org/join\";>fsf.org</a>."
+"join the FSF at <a href=\"https://my.fsf.org/join\";>fsf.org</a>."
msgstr ""
"FSF'nin gelirlerinin çoÄu özgür yazılımın ve ilgili diÄer hizmetlerin
"
"satıÅından gelmektedir (hepsi de yeniden daÄıtma ve deÄiÅtirme "
@@ -989,7 +1054,16 @@
"aidatlarından saÄlıyor. FSF'ye <a
href=\"http://fsf.org/join\";>fsf.org</a> "
"baÄlantısından üye olabilirsiniz."
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "Free Software Foundation employees have written and maintained a number "
+#| "of GNU software packages. Two notable ones are the C library and the "
+#| "shell. The GNU C library is what every program running on a GNU/Linux "
+#| "system uses to communicate with Linux. It was developed by a member of "
+#| "the Free Software Foundation staff, Roland McGrath. The shell used on "
+#| "most GNU/Linux systems is <abbr title=\"Bourne Again Shell\">BASH</abbr>, "
+#| "the Bourne Again Shell(1), which was developed by FSF employee Brian Fox."
msgid ""
"Free Software Foundation employees have written and maintained a number of "
"GNU software packages. Two notable ones are the C library and the shell. "
@@ -997,7 +1071,8 @@
"to communicate with Linux. It was developed by a member of the Free "
"Software Foundation staff, Roland McGrath. The shell used on most GNU/Linux "
"systems is <abbr title=\"Bourne Again Shell\">BASH</abbr>, the Bourne Again "
-"Shell(1), which was developed by FSF employee Brian Fox."
+"SHell <a href=\"#ft5\">[5]</a>, which was developed by FSF employee "
+"Brian Fox."
msgstr ""
"Ãzgür Yazılım Vakfı çalıÅanları bazı GNU yazılım paketlerini
yazmıŠve "
"ellerinde tutmuÅtur. Bunlardan tanınmıŠiki tanesi C kütüphanesi ve
kabuktur "
@@ -1008,7 +1083,7 @@
"Again Shell (1), bu kabuk, FSF çalıÅanı olan Brian Fox tarafından "
"geliÅtirilmiÅtir."
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"We funded development of these programs because the GNU Project was not just "
"about tools or a development environment. Our goal was a complete operating "
@@ -1018,19 +1093,11 @@
"araçlar ya da bir geliÅtirme ortamı hakkında deÄildi. Hedefimiz tam bir "
"iÅletim sistemiydi ve bu programlar söz konusu hedef için gerekliydi."
-#. type: Content of: <p>
-msgid ""
-"(1) “Bourne Again Shell” is a play on the name “Bourne "
-"Shell”, which was the usual shell on Unix."
-msgstr ""
-"(1) âBourne again Shellâ âBourne Shellâ adı üzerinde bir Åakadır,
bu, "
-"Unixâteki genel kabuktur."
-
-#. type: Content of: <h3>
+#. type: Content of: <div><h3>
msgid "Free software support"
msgstr "Ãzgür Yazılım DesteÄi"
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"The free software philosophy rejects a specific widespread business "
"practice, but it is not against business. When businesses respect the "
@@ -1040,7 +1107,7 @@
"ticarete karÅı deÄildir. Ä°Åyerleri kullanıcıların özgürlüÄüne
saygı "
"duyduÄunda, onlara baÅarı dileriz."
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"Selling copies of Emacs demonstrates one kind of free software business. "
"When the FSF took over that business, I needed another way to make a "
@@ -1056,7 +1123,7 @@
"yazılım geliÅiminin nasıl uyarlanacaÄı (çoÄunlukla GCCâyi yeni
platformlara "
"taÅıyan) gibi konular için eÄitim vermeyi de içermektedir."
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"Today each of these kinds of free software business is practiced by a number "
"of corporations. Some distribute free software collections on CD-ROM; "
@@ -1072,14 +1139,24 @@
"yazılım ürünlerinin baÅlatılmasını esas alan özgür yazılım
firmalarını "
"görmeye baÅladık bile."
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "Watch out, though—a number of companies that associate themselves "
+#| "with the term “open source” actually base their business on "
+#| "nonfree software that works with free software. These are not free "
+#| "software companies, they are proprietary software companies whose "
+#| "products tempt users away from freedom. They call these programs “"
+#| "value-added packages”, which shows the values they would like us to "
+#| "adopt: convenience above freedom. If we value freedom more, we should "
+#| "call them “freedom-subtracted” packages."
msgid ""
"Watch out, though—a number of companies that associate themselves with "
"the term “open source” actually base their business on nonfree "
"software that works with free software. These are not free software "
"companies, they are proprietary software companies whose products tempt "
"users away from freedom. They call these programs “value-added "
-"packages”, which shows the values they would like us to adopt: "
+"packages,” which shows the values they would like us to adopt: "
"convenience above freedom. If we value freedom more, we should call them "
"“freedom-subtracted” packages."
msgstr ""
@@ -1092,11 +1169,11 @@
"özgürlükten önce kazanç. ÃzgürlüÄe daha çok deÄer veriyorsak,
bunları “"
"özgürlüÄü eksiltilmiÅ” ürünler olarak adlandırmalıyız."
-#. type: Content of: <h3>
+#. type: Content of: <div><h3>
msgid "Technical goals"
msgstr "Teknik hedefler"
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"The principal goal of GNU is to be free software. Even if GNU had no "
"technical advantage over Unix, it would have a social advantage, allowing "
@@ -1107,7 +1184,7 @@
"olmasına imkân verir ve etik bir avantajı vardır, kullanıcıların
özgürlüÄüne "
"saygı duyar."
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"But it was natural to apply the known standards of good practice to the "
"work—for example, dynamically allocating data structures to avoid "
@@ -1119,7 +1196,7 @@
"yapılarının dinamik olarak tahsis edilmesi ve anlamlı olan her yerde
mümkün "
"olan tüm 8-bitli kodların kontrol edilmesi gibi."
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"In addition, we rejected the Unix focus on small memory size, by deciding "
"not to support 16-bit machines (it was clear that 32-bit machines would be "
@@ -1137,7 +1214,7 @@
"okumasını, daha sonra içeriÄini I/O konusunda tedirginliÄe
kapılmaksızın "
"taramasını saÄladık."
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"These decisions enabled many GNU programs to surpass their Unix counterparts "
"in reliability and speed."
@@ -1145,11 +1222,11 @@
"Bu kararlar, birçok GNU programının Unix benzerlerini, güvenilirlik ve
hız "
"açısından geçmesini mümkün kılmıÅtır."
-#. type: Content of: <h3>
+#. type: Content of: <div><h3>
msgid "Donated computers"
msgstr "BaÄıÅlanan Bilgisayarlar"
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"As the GNU Project's reputation grew, people began offering to donate "
"machines running Unix to the project. These were very useful, because the "
@@ -1164,7 +1241,7 @@
"deÄiÅtirmekti. Ancak bu durum etik bir sorunu ortaya çıkardı: Unixâin
bir "
"kopyasına sahip olmamız doÄru mudur."
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"Unix was (and is) proprietary software, and the GNU Project's philosophy "
"said that we should not use proprietary software. But, applying the same "
@@ -1179,7 +1256,7 @@
"insanların özel mülk paketi kullanmalarını durdurmasına yardımcı olan
özgür "
"programı kullanabilmek için özel mülk paketin kullanılması
mantıklıdır."
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"But, even if this was a justifiable evil, it was still an evil. Today we no "
"longer have any copies of Unix, because we have replaced them with free "
@@ -1192,11 +1269,11 @@
"özgür bir iÅletim sistemiyle deÄiÅtiremediysek, bunun yerine makineyi "
"deÄiÅtirirdik."
-#. type: Content of: <h3>
+#. type: Content of: <div><h3>
msgid "The GNU Task List"
msgstr "GNU Görev Listesi"
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"As the GNU Project proceeded, and increasing numbers of system components "
"were found or developed, eventually it became useful to make a list of the "
@@ -1213,13 +1290,20 @@
"ek olarak, gerçekten tam bir sistemin sahip olmasının gerekli olduÄunu "
"düÅündüÄümüz diÄer yararlı yazılım ve belgeleme projelerini
listeledik."
-#. type: Content of: <p>
-msgid ""
-"Today (1), hardly any Unix components are left in the GNU Task List—"
-"those jobs had been done, aside from a few inessential ones. But the list "
-"is full of projects that some might call “applications”. Any "
-"program that appeals to more than a narrow class of users would be a useful "
-"thing to add to an operating system."
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "Today (1), hardly any Unix components are left in the GNU Task List—"
+#| "those jobs had been done, aside from a few inessential ones. But the "
+#| "list is full of projects that some might call “"
+#| "applications”. Any program that appeals to more than a narrow "
+#| "class of users would be a useful thing to add to an operating system."
+msgid ""
+"Today <a href=\"#ft6\">[6]</a>, hardly any Unix components are left in "
+"the GNU Task List—those jobs had been done, aside from a few "
+"inessential ones. But the list is full of projects that some might call "
+"“applications.” Any program that appeals to more than a narrow "
+"class of users would be a useful thing to add to an operating system."
msgstr ""
"Günümüzde (1), GNU Görev Listesinde ancak birkaç tane Unix bileÅeni "
"kalmıÅtır, bu iÅler (birkaç tane önemsiz iÅ hariç olmak üzere) "
@@ -1228,7 +1312,7 @@
"fazlasını gerektiren herhangi bir program, iÅletim sistemine eklenecek "
"yararlı bir birimdir."
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"Even games are included in the task list—and have been since the "
"beginning. Unix included games, so naturally GNU should too. But "
@@ -1242,34 +1326,27 @@
"oyun listesini izlemedik. Bunun yerine, kullanıcıların sevebildiÄi
farklı "
"oyun tipi çeÅitlerini listeledik."
-#. type: Content of: <p>
-msgid ""
-"(1) That was written in 1998. In 2009 we no longer maintain a long task "
-"list. The community develops free software so fast that we can't even keep "
-"track of it all. Instead, we have a list of High Priority Projects, a much "
-"shorter list of projects we really want to encourage people to write."
-msgstr ""
-"(1) Bu 1998'de yazıldı. 2009'da artık uzun bir görev listesi tutmuyoruz. "
-"Topluluk o kadar hızlı özgür yazılım geliÅtiriyor ki hepsini bile
takip "
-"edemiyoruz. Bunun yerine Yüksek Ãncelikli Projelerin bir listesi var, "
-"insanları daha çok yazmaya teÅvik etmek istediÄimiz çok daha kısa bir "
-"projeler listesi."
-
-#. type: Content of: <h3>
+#. type: Content of: <div><h3>
msgid "The GNU Library GPL"
msgstr "GNU Kütüphane GPL"
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "The GNU C library uses a special kind of copyleft called the GNU Library "
+#| "General Public License(1), which gives permission to link proprietary "
+#| "software with the library. Why make this exception?"
msgid ""
"The GNU C library uses a special kind of copyleft called the GNU Library "
-"General Public License(1), which gives permission to link proprietary "
-"software with the library. Why make this exception?"
+"General Public License <a href=\"#ft7\">[7]</a>, which gives "
+"permission to link proprietary software with the library. Why make this "
+"exception?"
msgstr ""
"GNU C kütüphanesi, GNU Kütüphane Genel Kamu Lisansı (1) olarak
adlandırılan "
"ve özel mülk yazılımla kütüphane arasında baÄlantı kurma iznini
saÄlayan "
"özel bir copyleft tipini kullanmaktadır. Bu istisnai durumun nedeni nedir?"
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"It is not a matter of principle; there is no principle that says proprietary "
"software products are entitled to include our code. (Why contribute to a "
@@ -1281,7 +1358,7 @@
"reddeden bir projeye niye katılalım?) C kütüphanesi ya da herhangi bir "
"kütüphane için LGPL kullanılması bir strateji hususudur."
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"The C library does a generic job; every proprietary system or compiler comes "
"with a C library. Therefore, to make our C library available only to free "
@@ -1293,7 +1370,7 @@
"özgür yazılıma açık kılmak özgür yazılıma hiçbir avantaj
saÄlamayacaktır, bu "
"yalnızca kütüphanemizin kullanımını engelleyecektir."
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"One system is an exception to this: on the GNU system (and this includes GNU/"
"Linux), the GNU C library is the only C library. So the distribution terms "
@@ -1314,7 +1391,7 @@
"kıracaktır. Bu, GPL Kütüphane kullanımının C kütüphanesi için iyi
bir "
"strateji olmasının nedenidir."
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"For other libraries, the strategic decision needs to be considered on a case-"
"by-case basis. When a library does a special job that can help write "
@@ -1329,7 +1406,7 @@
"yazılım geliÅtiricilerine yardımcı olmanın bir yolu olacaktır, bu da
özel "
"mülk yazılıma karÅı onlara bir avantaj saÄlayacaktır."
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"Consider GNU Readline, a library that was developed to provide command-line "
"editing for BASH. Readline is released under the ordinary GNU GPL, not the "
@@ -1345,7 +1422,7 @@
"azından bir tane yararlı uygulama belirli olarak gerçekleÅtirilmiÅtir "
"böylece Readline kullanılabilir ve bu, toplum için gerçek bir
kazançtır."
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"Proprietary software developers have the advantages money provides; free "
"software developers need to make advantages for each other. I hope some day "
@@ -1362,24 +1439,11 @@
"oluÅturacak ve daha fazla özgür yazılım geliÅtirmesi için önemli bir
avantaj "
"saÄlayacaklar."
-#. type: Content of: <p>
-msgid ""
-"(1) This license is now called the GNU Lesser General Public License, to "
-"avoid giving the idea that all libraries ought to use it. See <a href=\"/"
-"philosophy/why-not-lgpl.html\">Why you shouldn't use the Lesser GPL for your "
-"next library</a> for more information."
-msgstr ""
-"(1) Bu lisans Åimdi GNU Kısıtlı Genel Kamu Lisansı adını almıÅtır, "
-"kütüphanelerin onu kullanması gerektiÄi fikrini vermemek için.
Ayrıntılı "
-"bilgi için <a href=\"/philosophy/why-not-lgpl.html\">Bir sonraki "
-"kütüphaneniz için neden Kısıtlı GPL kullanmamalısınız</a> yazısına
"
-"bakabilirsiniz."
-
-#. type: Content of: <h3>
+#. type: Content of: <div><h3>
msgid "Scratching an itch?"
msgstr "Arzuyu kaÅımak?"
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"Eric Raymond says that “Every good work of software starts by "
"scratching a developer's personal itch.” Maybe that happens sometimes, "
@@ -1393,7 +1457,7 @@
"sahip olmak için geliÅtirilmiÅtir. Bunlar, bir bakıŠaçısından ve bir
"
"plandan gelmektedir, bir dürtüden deÄil."
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"For example, we developed the GNU C library because a Unix-like system needs "
"a C library, BASH because a Unix-like system needs a shell, and GNU tar "
@@ -1407,7 +1471,7 @@
"programlarım için de aynısı geçerlidir: GNU C derleyicisi, GNU Emacs,
GDB ve "
"GNU Make."
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"Some GNU programs were developed to cope with specific threats to our "
"freedom. Thus, we developed gzip to replace the Compress program, which had "
@@ -1430,7 +1494,7 @@
"Gizlilik Kılavuzunu geliÅtirmekteyiz çünkü kullanıcılar gizlilik ve
özgürlük "
"arasında bir tercih yapmak zorunda kalmamalıdır."
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"Of course, the people writing these programs became interested in the work, "
"and many features were added to them by various people for the sake of their "
@@ -1440,11 +1504,11 @@
"kendi ihtiyaçları ve çıkarları için, çeÅitli insanlar tarafından
bunlara "
"birçok özellik eklenmiÅtir. Ancak programların var olma nedeni bu
deÄildir."
-#. type: Content of: <h3>
+#. type: Content of: <div><h3>
msgid "Unexpected developments"
msgstr "Beklenmedik geliÅmeler"
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"At the beginning of the GNU Project, I imagined that we would develop the "
"whole GNU system, then release it as a whole. That is not how it happened."
@@ -1453,7 +1517,7 @@
"daha sonra bir bütün olarak yayınlayabileceÄimizi hayal etmiÅtim. Ancak "
"durum böyle olmadı."
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"Since each component of the GNU system was implemented on a Unix system, "
"each component could run on Unix systems long before a complete GNU system "
@@ -1467,7 +1531,7 @@
"kullanıcılar, bunları, çeÅitli uyumsuz Unix sürümlerine ve bazen de
diÄer "
"sistemlere geniÅletmeye ve taÅımaya baÅladı."
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"The process made these programs much more powerful, and attracted both funds "
"and contributors to the GNU Project. But it probably also delayed "
@@ -1483,11 +1547,11 @@
"çok, bu bileÅenlerin devamlılıÄının saÄlanmasına ve mevcut
bileÅenlere yeni "
"özelliklerin eklenmesine harcandı."
-#. type: Content of: <h3>
+#. type: Content of: <div><h3>
msgid "The GNU Hurd"
msgstr "GNU Hurd"
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"By 1990, the GNU system was almost complete; the only major missing "
"component was the kernel. We had decided to implement our kernel as a "
@@ -1507,7 +1571,7 @@
"olduÄu gibi özgür yazılım olarak daÄıtılmasını beklerken,
geliÅtirmenin "
"baÅlaması gecikti."
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"One reason for choosing this design was to avoid what seemed to be the "
"hardest part of the job: debugging a kernel program without a source-level "
@@ -1526,11 +1590,11 @@
"sunucuların hatalarının ayıklanmasının çok zor olduÄu fark edildi.
Hurd "
"çalıÅmasının gerçekleÅtirilmesi yıllara yayıldı."
-#. type: Content of: <h3>
+#. type: Content of: <div><h3>
msgid "Alix"
msgstr "Alix"
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"The GNU kernel was not originally supposed to be called the Hurd. Its "
"original name was Alix—named after the woman who was my sweetheart at "
@@ -1546,7 +1610,7 @@
"adımın bir çekirdeÄe verilmesi lazımâ derdi. Hiçbir Åey söylemezdim
ancak "
"çekirdeÄe Alix adını vererek ona sürpriz yapmaya karar verdim."
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"It did not stay that way. Michael (now Thomas) Bushnell, the main developer "
"of the kernel, preferred the name Hurd, and redefined Alix to refer to a "
@@ -1558,7 +1622,7 @@
"belirli bir kısmının adı olmasına karar verdi, bu kısım sistem
çaÄrılarını "
"alan ve Hurd sunucularına mesaj göndererek kontrol eden kısımdır."
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"Later, Alix and I broke up, and she changed her name; independently, the "
"Hurd design was changed so that the C library would send messages directly "
@@ -1569,7 +1633,7 @@
"doÄrudan mesajlar göndermeye baÅladı ve bu durum Alix bileÅeninin
tasarımdan "
"çıkarılmasına neden oldu."
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"But before these things happened, a friend of hers came across the name Alix "
"in the Hurd source code, and mentioned it to her. So she did have the "
@@ -1579,11 +1643,11 @@
"kodunda Alix ismine rastladı ve Alixâe bunu söyledi. Böylece Alix kendi
adı "
"verilen çekirdeÄi öÄrenmiÅ oldu."
-#. type: Content of: <h3>
+#. type: Content of: <div><h3>
msgid "Linux and GNU/Linux"
msgstr "Linux ve GNU/Linux"
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"The GNU Hurd is not suitable for production use, and we don't know if it "
"ever will be. The capability-based design has problems that result directly "
@@ -1594,7 +1658,7 @@
"YeteneÄe dayalı tasarım; doÄrudan tasarımın esnekliÄinden kaynaklanan "
"sorunlara sahiptir ve çözümlerin var olup olmadıÄı açık deÄildir."
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"Fortunately, another kernel is available. In 1991, Linus Torvalds developed "
"a Unix-compatible kernel and called it Linux. It was proprietary at first, "
@@ -1611,12 +1675,20 @@
"(Bunların birleÅtirilmesi de tabi ki kendi içinde önemli bir iÅti). "
"Günümüzde GNU sisteminin bir sürümünün çalıÅtırılması Linux
sayesindedir."
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "We call this system version <a href=\"/gnu/linux-and-gnu.html\"> GNU/"
+#| "Linux</a>, to express its composition as a combination of the GNU system "
+#| "with Linux as the kernel. Please don't fall into the practice of calling "
+#| "the whole system “Linux”, since that means attributing our "
+#| "work to someone else. Please <a href=\"/gnu/gnu-linux-faq.html\"> give "
+#| "us equal mention</a>."
msgid ""
"We call this system version <a href=\"/gnu/linux-and-gnu.html\"> GNU/Linux</"
"a>, to express its composition as a combination of the GNU system with Linux "
"as the kernel. Please don't fall into the practice of calling the whole "
-"system “Linux”, since that means attributing our work to someone "
+"system “Linux,” since that means attributing our work to someone "
"else. Please <a href=\"/gnu/gnu-linux-faq.html\"> give us equal mention</a>."
msgstr ""
"Ãekirdek olarak GNU sisteminin Linuxâla birleÅiminin oluÅumunu ifade
etmek "
@@ -1626,11 +1698,11 @@
"Lütfen <a href=\"/gnu/gnu-linux-faq.html\"> bizden de eÅit derecede söz "
"edin</a>."
-#. type: Content of: <h3>
+#. type: Content of: <div><h3>
msgid "Challenges in our future"
msgstr "GeleceÄimizde Ortaya Ãıkabilecek Sorunlar"
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"We have proved our ability to develop a broad spectrum of free software. "
"This does not mean we are invincible and unstoppable. Several challenges "
@@ -1647,15 +1719,15 @@
"deÄer vermeleri ve onu kimsenin almasına izin vermemeleri konusunda "
"kararlılık göstermesini gerektirecektir."
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid "The following four sections discuss these challenges."
msgstr "AÅaÄıdaki dört bölüm bu hususları açıklamaktadır."
-#. type: Content of: <h3>
+#. type: Content of: <div><h3>
msgid "Secret hardware"
msgstr "Gizli Donanım"
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"Hardware manufacturers increasingly tend to keep hardware specifications "
"secret. This makes it difficult to write free drivers so that Linux and "
@@ -1668,7 +1740,7 @@
"Günümüzde bütün özgür sistemlere sahibiz ancak yarının
bilgisayarlarını "
"destekleyemezsek, yarın bunlara da sahip olamayacaÄız."
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"There are two ways to cope with this problem. Programmers can do reverse "
"engineering to figure out how to support the hardware. The rest of us can "
@@ -1681,14 +1753,22 @@
"desteklenen donanımı seçebilir; sayımız arttıkça, belirtimlerin
gizliliÄi "
"kendi kendine terk edilen bir politika haline gelecektir."
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "Reverse engineering is a big job; will we have programmers with "
+#| "sufficient determination to undertake it? Yes—if we have built up a "
+#| "strong feeling that free software is a matter of principle, and nonfree "
+#| "drivers are intolerable. And will large numbers of us spend extra money, "
+#| "or even a little extra time, so we can use free drivers? Yes, if the "
+#| "determination to have freedom is widespread."
msgid ""
"Reverse engineering is a big job; will we have programmers with sufficient "
"determination to undertake it? Yes—if we have built up a strong "
"feeling that free software is a matter of principle, and nonfree drivers are "
"intolerable. And will large numbers of us spend extra money, or even a "
"little extra time, so we can use free drivers? Yes, if the determination to "
-"have freedom is widespread."
+"have freedom is widespread. <a href=\"#ft8\">[8]</a>"
msgstr ""
"Tersine mühendislik önemli bir iÅtir; bunu üstlenebilecek yeterli "
"kararlılıÄa sahip programcılarımız var mı? Evet, özgür yazılımın
bir ilke "
@@ -1697,24 +1777,11 @@
"fazladan para harcarsak ya da hatta biraz fazladan zaman harcarsak? Evet, "
"özgürlüÄe sahip olma kararlılıÄı yaygınsa bu olabilir."
-#. type: Content of: <p>
-msgid ""
-"(2008 note: this issue extends to the BIOS as well. There is a free BIOS, "
-"<a href=\"http://www.libreboot.org/\";>LibreBoot</a> (a distribution of "
-"coreboot); the problem is getting specs for machines so that LibreBoot can "
-"support them without nonfree “blobs”.)"
-msgstr ""
-"(2008 notu: bu konu BIOS'a da geniÅletilebilir. Ãzgür bir BIOS vardır, <a
"
-"href=\"http://www.libreboot.org/\";>LibreBoot</a>; sorun (bir coreboot "
-"daÄıtımı olan) LibreBoot'un özgür olmayan “bloblar” olmadan
"
-"onları destekleyebilmesini saÄlamak için makine belirtimlerini elde "
-"etmektir.)"
-
-#. type: Content of: <h3>
+#. type: Content of: <div><h3>
msgid "Nonfree libraries"
msgstr "Ãzgür olmayan Kütüphaneler"
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"A nonfree library that runs on free operating systems acts as a trap for "
"free software developers. The library's attractive features are the bait; "
@@ -1732,7 +1799,7 @@
"kötüsü, özel mülk kütüphaneyi kullanan bir program gözde hale
gelirse, "
"Åüpheci olmayan diÄer programcıları da tuzaÄa düÅürebilir."
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"The first instance of this problem was the Motif toolkit, back in the 80s. "
"Although there were as yet no free operating systems, it was clear what "
@@ -1752,7 +1819,7 @@
"aldı; Hungry Programcıları tarafından geliÅtirilen LessTif, yalnızca
1997âde "
"birçok Motif uygulamasını desteklemek için yeterince güçlü hale geldi."
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"Between 1996 and 1998, another nonfree <abbr title=\"Graphical User Interface"
"\">GUI</abbr> toolkit library, called Qt, was used in a substantial "
@@ -1764,7 +1831,7 @@
"\">GUI</abbr>) araç-kiti kütüphanesi özgür yazılım koleksiyonunda,
masaüstü "
"<abbr title=\"K Desktop Environment\">KDE</abbr>'de kullanıldı."
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"Free GNU/Linux systems were unable to use KDE, because we could not use the "
"library. However, some commercial distributors of GNU/Linux systems who "
@@ -1782,14 +1849,14 @@
"destekledi ve milyonlarca yeni âLinux kullanıcısıâ bununla ilgili bir "
"problemin var olduÄu fikrine inanmadılar. Bu durum korkutucu
görünüyordu."
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"The free software community responded to the problem in two ways: GNOME and "
"Harmony."
msgstr ""
"Ãzgür yazılım topluluÄu probleme iki Åekilde yanıt verdi: GNOME ve
Harmony."
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"GNOME, the GNU Network Object Model Environment, is GNU's desktop project. "
"Started in 1997 by Miguel de Icaza, and developed with the support of Red "
@@ -1806,7 +1873,7 @@
"vardır, yalnızca C++âı deÄil, çeÅitli dilleri de destekler. Ancak
temel "
"amacı özgürlüktür: özgür olmayan hiçbir yazılıma ihtiyaç duymaz."
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"Harmony is a compatible replacement library, designed to make it possible to "
"run KDE software without using Qt."
@@ -1814,13 +1881,22 @@
"Harmony, uyumlu bir deÄiÅtirme kütüphanesidir, Qtâyi kullanmaksızın
KDE "
"yazılımının çalıÅtırılmasını mümkün kılmak için
tasarlanmıÅtır."
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "In November 1998, the developers of Qt announced a change of license "
+#| "which, when carried out, should make Qt free software. There is no way "
+#| "to be sure, but I think that this was partly due to the community's firm "
+#| "response to the problem that Qt posed when it was nonfree. (The new "
+#| "license is inconvenient and inequitable, so it remains desirable to avoid "
+#| "using Qt.)"
msgid ""
"In November 1998, the developers of Qt announced a change of license which, "
"when carried out, should make Qt free software. There is no way to be sure, "
"but I think that this was partly due to the community's firm response to the "
"problem that Qt posed when it was nonfree. (The new license is inconvenient "
-"and inequitable, so it remains desirable to avoid using Qt.)"
+"and inequitable, so it remains desirable to avoid using Qt. <a href="
+"\"#ft9\">[9]</a>)"
msgstr ""
"1998 yılının Kasım ayında, Qtânin geliÅtiricileri, bir lisans
deÄiÅikliÄini "
"anons etti, bu lisans deÄiÅikliÄinin gerçekleÅmesiyle, Qt özgür
yazılım "
@@ -1829,15 +1905,7 @@
"kaynaklanmaktadır. (Yeni lisans elveriÅsiz ve eÅitlikten uzaktır, bu "
"nedenle, Qtânin kullanımının önlenmesi istenmektedir.)"
-#. type: Content of: <p>
-msgid ""
-"[Subsequent note: in September 2000, Qt was rereleased under the GNU GPL, "
-"which essentially solved this problem.]"
-msgstr ""
-"[not: Eylül 2000'de Qt GNU GPL olarak yayınlanmıÅtır, bu problem "
-"çözülmüÅtür.]"
-
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"How will we respond to the next tempting nonfree library? Will the whole "
"community understand the need to stay out of the trap? Or will many of us "
@@ -1849,21 +1917,31 @@
"kullanıÅlılık için özgürlükten vazgeçecek mi ya da büyük bir
problem mi "
"ortaya çıkacak? GeleceÄimiz felsefemize baÄlıdır."
-#. type: Content of: <h3>
+#. type: Content of: <div><h3>
msgid "Software patents"
msgstr "Yazılım Patentleri"
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "The worst threat we face comes from software patents, which can put "
+#| "algorithms and features off limits to free software for up to twenty "
+#| "years. The LZW compression algorithm patents were applied for in 1983, "
+#| "and we still cannot release free software to produce proper compressed "
+#| "<abbr title=\"Graphics Interchange Format\">GIF</abbr>s. [As of 2009 "
+#| "they have expired.] In 1998, a free program to produce <abbr title="
+#| "\"MPEG-1 Audio Layer 3\">MP3</abbr> compressed audio was removed from "
+#| "distribution under threat of a patent suit. [As of 2017, these patents "
+#| "have expired. Look how long we had to wait.]"
msgid ""
"The worst threat we face comes from software patents, which can put "
"algorithms and features off limits to free software for up to twenty years. "
"The LZW compression algorithm patents were applied for in 1983, and we still "
"cannot release free software to produce proper compressed <abbr title="
-"\"Graphics Interchange Format\">GIF</abbr>s. [As of 2009 they have "
-"expired.] In 1998, a free program to produce <abbr title=\"MPEG-1 Audio "
-"Layer 3\">MP3</abbr> compressed audio was removed from distribution under "
-"threat of a patent suit. [As of 2017, these patents have expired. Look how "
-"long we had to wait.]"
+"\"Graphics Interchange Format\">GIF</abbr>s. <a href=\"#ft10\">[10]</"
+"a> In 1998, a free program to produce <abbr title=\"MPEG-1 Audio Layer "
+"3\">MP3</abbr> compressed audio was removed from distribution under threat "
+"of a patent suit. <a href=\"#ft11\">[11]</a>"
msgstr ""
"KarÅılaÅtıÄımız en büyük tehdit yazılım patentlerinden
gelmektedir, bu "
"patentler, özgür yazılıma yirmi yıla kadar varabilen algoritma ve
özellik "
@@ -1876,7 +1954,7 @@
"kaldırılmıÅtı. [2017 itibariyle bu patentlerin de süresi doldu, bakın
ne "
"kadar uzun bekledik.]"
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"There are ways to cope with patents: we can search for evidence that a "
"patent is invalid, and we can look for alternative ways to do a job. But "
@@ -1891,7 +1969,7 @@
"istediÄi birtakım özelliklerden mahrum bırakmaya zorlayabilir. Uzun bir
süre "
"sonra patentlerin süresi dolar, ama o zamana kadar ne yapacaÄız?"
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"Those of us who value free software for freedom's sake will stay with free "
"software anyway. We will manage to get work done without the patented "
@@ -1911,11 +1989,11 @@
"pratik etkililiÄi hakkında konuÅmak yararlı iken, burada durmamalıyız. "
"Ãzgürlük ve ilke hakkında konuÅmalıyız."
-#. type: Content of: <h3>
+#. type: Content of: <div><h3>
msgid "Free documentation"
msgstr "Ãzgür belgeler"
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"The biggest deficiency in our free operating systems is not in the "
"software—it is the lack of good free manuals that we can include in "
@@ -1929,7 +2007,7 @@
"önemli bir özgür yazılım paketi iyi bir özgür belgeyle birlikte "
"verilmediÄinde, bu büyük bir eksiktir. Günümüzde bu gibi eksiklerimiz
vardır."
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"Free documentation, like free software, is a matter of freedom, not price. "
"The criterion for a free manual is pretty much the same as for free "
@@ -1944,7 +2022,7 @@
"verilmelidir, bu, çevrim-içi olarak ya da kaÄıt biçiminde olabilir,
böylece "
"kılavuz, programın her kopyasıyla birlikte verilebilir."
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"Permission for modification is crucial too. As a general rule, I don't "
"believe that it is essential for people to have permission to modify all "
@@ -1957,7 +2035,7 @@
"inanmıyorum. ÃrneÄin, iÅlemlerimizi ve görüÅlerimizi tanımlayan bu
gibi "
"makaleleri deÄiÅtirmek için izin vermek zorunda olduÄumuzu sanmıyorum."
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"But there is a particular reason why the freedom to modify is crucial for "
"documentation for free software. When people exercise their right to modify "
@@ -1976,7 +2054,7 @@
"olmalarına izin vermeyen ve iÅi tanımlamayan özgür olmayan bir kılavuz,
"
"topluluÄun ihtiyaçlarını karÅılamaz."
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"Some kinds of limits on how modifications are done pose no problem. For "
"example, requirements to preserve the original author's copyright notice, "
@@ -2002,7 +2080,7 @@
"kısımların teknik-olmayan baÅlıkları ele almaları durumunda,
silinemeyen ya "
"da deÄiÅtirilemeyen kısımlara sahip olma konusunda bir problem yoktur."
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"However, it must be possible to modify all the <em>technical</em> content of "
"the manual, and then distribute the result in all the usual media, through "
@@ -2014,7 +2092,7 @@
"olmalıdır; aksi takdirde, kısıtlamalar topluluÄu engellemektedir,
kılavuz "
"özgür deÄildir ve baÅka bir kılavuza ihtiyaç duyarız."
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"Will free software developers have the awareness and determination to "
"produce a full spectrum of free manuals? Once again, our future depends on "
@@ -2024,14 +2102,20 @@
"bilincine ve kararlılıÄına sahip olacak mıdır? Yine, geleceÄimiz
felsefeye "
"baÄlıdır."
-#. type: Content of: <h3>
+#. type: Content of: <div><h3>
msgid "We must talk about freedom"
msgstr "Ãzgürlük Hakkında KonuÅmalıyız"
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "Estimates today are that there are ten million users of GNU/Linux systems "
+#| "such as Debian GNU/Linux and Red Hat “Linux”. Free software "
+#| "has developed such practical advantages that users are flocking to it for "
+#| "purely practical reasons."
msgid ""
"Estimates today are that there are ten million users of GNU/Linux systems "
-"such as Debian GNU/Linux and Red Hat “Linux”. Free software has "
+"such as Debian GNU/Linux and Red Hat “Linux.” Free software has "
"developed such practical advantages that users are flocking to it for purely "
"practical reasons."
msgstr ""
@@ -2040,7 +2124,7 @@
"pratik avantajlar sunmuÅtur ki, kullanıcılar tamamen uygulamaya iliÅkin "
"nedenlerden dolayı özgür yazılımı kullanmaktadır, uygulamaktadır."
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"The good consequences of this are evident: more interest in developing free "
"software, more customers for free software businesses, and more ability to "
@@ -2052,7 +2136,7 @@
"özel mülk yazılım ürünleri yerine ticari özgür yazılımın
geliÅtirilmesi için "
"firmaların daha fazla cesaretlendirilmesi için olanak demektir."
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"But interest in the software is growing faster than awareness of the "
"philosophy it is based on, and this leads to trouble. Our ability to meet "
@@ -2067,7 +2151,7 @@
"olmak için, topluluÄumuza girdiklerinde yeni kullanıcılara bu fikri
yaymamız "
"gereklidir."
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"But we are failing to do so: the efforts to attract new users into our "
"community are far outstripping the efforts to teach them the civics of our "
@@ -2079,11 +2163,11 @@
"fazlasıyla geride bırakmaktadır. Her ikisini de gerçekleÅtirmemiz ve iki
"
"çabayı da dengede tutmamız gereklidir."
-#. type: Content of: <h3>
+#. type: Content of: <div><h3>
msgid "“Open Source”"
msgstr "“Açık Kaynak”"
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"Teaching new users about freedom became more difficult in 1998, when a part "
"of the community decided to stop using the term “free software” "
@@ -2093,7 +2177,7 @@
"topluluÄun bir kısmı âözgür yazılımâ terimi yerine âaçık
kaynak yazılımıâ "
"terimini kullanmaya karar verdi."
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"Some who favored this term aimed to avoid the confusion of “"
"free” with “gratis”—a valid goal. Others, however, "
@@ -2113,7 +2197,7 @@
"yazılımın gerçekleÅtirilmesi potansiyeline odaklanmaktadır ancak
özgürlük, "
"toplum ve ilke fikirlerinden uzak durmaktadır."
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"The “Linux” magazines are a clear example of this—they are "
"filled with advertisements for proprietary software that works with GNU/"
@@ -2125,7 +2209,7 @@
"çıktıÄında, bu dergiler programcıları bundan uzak durması konusunda
uyaracak "
"mı yoksa onun için reklam mı yayınlayacaklar?"
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"The support of business can contribute to the community in many ways; all "
"else being equal, it is useful. But winning their support by speaking even "
@@ -2138,12 +2222,19 @@
"yardımlaÅma ve yurttaÅların eÄitimindeki dengesizlÄi daha da "
"kötüleÅtirecektir."
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "“Free software” and “open source” describe the "
+#| "same category of software, more or less, but say different things about "
+#| "the software, and about values. The GNU Project continues to use the "
+#| "term “free software”, to express the idea that freedom, not "
+#| "just technology, is important."
msgid ""
"“Free software” and “open source” describe the same "
"category of software, more or less, but say different things about the "
"software, and about values. The GNU Project continues to use the term "
-"“free software”, to express the idea that freedom, not just "
+"“free software,” to express the idea that freedom, not just "
"technology, is important."
msgstr ""
"âÃzgür yazılımâ ve âaçık kaynakâ yaklaÅık olarak aynı
yazılım kategorisini "
@@ -2151,11 +2242,11 @@
"GNU Projesi, yalnızca teknolojinin deÄil özgürlüÄün de önemli
olduÄunu ifade "
"etmek için âözgür yazılımâ ifadesini kullanmaya devam eder."
-#. type: Content of: <h3>
+#. type: Content of: <div><h3>
msgid "Try!"
msgstr "Deneyin!"
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"Yoda's aphorism (“There is no ‘try’”) sounds neat, "
"but it doesn't work for me. I have done most of my work while anxious about "
@@ -2171,7 +2262,7 @@
"denedim çünkü düÅmanım ile Åehrim arasında benden baÅka hiç kimse
yoktu. "
"ÅaÅırtıcı bir Åekilde, bazen baÅarılı oldum."
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"Sometimes I failed; some of my cities have fallen. Then I found another "
"threatened city, and got ready for another battle. Over time, I've learned "
@@ -2183,7 +2274,7 @@
"tehditleri aramayı ve kendimi tehditlerle Åehrim arasına koymayı
öÄrendim ve "
"diÄer hackerâların gelip bana katılmaları konusunda çaÄrı yaptım."
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"Nowadays, often I'm not the only one. It is a relief and a joy when I see a "
"regiment of hackers digging in to hold the line, and I realize, this city "
@@ -2199,6 +2290,194 @@
"veremeyiz. Teslim olmayalım! ÃzgürlüÄümüzü korumak istiyorsak, her
zaman "
"hazır olmalıyız."
+#. type: Content of: <div><h3>
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid "Footnotes"
+msgid "Footnotes"
+msgstr "Dipnotlar"
+
+#. type: Content of: <div><ol><li>
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "(1) The use of “hacker” to mean “security "
+#| "breaker” is a confusion on the part of the mass media. We hackers "
+#| "refuse to recognize that meaning, and continue using the word to mean "
+#| "someone who loves to program, someone who enjoys playful cleverness, or "
+#| "the combination of the two. See my article, <a href=\"http://stallman.";
+#| "org/articles/on-hacking.html\">On Hacking</a>."
+msgid ""
+"The use of “hacker” to mean “security breaker” is a "
+"confusion on the part of the mass media. We hackers refuse to recognize "
+"that meaning, and continue using the word to mean someone who loves to "
+"program, someone who enjoys playful cleverness, or the combination of the "
+"two. See my article, “<a href=\"https://stallman.org/articles/on-";
+"hacking.html\">On Hacking</a>.”"
+msgstr ""
+"(1) Yaygın medyada “güvenlik kırıcısı”nı ifade etmek için
“"
+"hacker”ın kullanılması kafa karıÅıklıÄı yaratır. Biz
hackerâlar bu "
+"ifadeyi kabul etmeyiz ve hackerâın kelime anlamı olarak
“programlamayı "
+"seven, oyuncu zekadan veya bunların bir bileÅiminden hoÅlanan kimse”
"
+"tanımını kullanmayı tercih ederiz. <a
href=\"http://stallman.org/articles/on-";
+"hacking.html\">Hacking üzerine</a> baÅlıklı yazıma bakabilirsiniz."
+
+#. type: Content of: <div><ol><li>
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "(1) As an Atheist, I don't follow any religious leaders, but I sometimes "
+#| "find I admire something one of them has said."
+msgid ""
+"As an Atheist, I don't follow any religious leaders, but I sometimes find I "
+"admire something one of them has said."
+msgstr ""
+"Bir ateist olarak, dini liderleri izlemiyorum ama bazen dini liderlerden "
+"birinin söylediÄi bir sözü beÄendiÄimi fark ediyorum."
+
+#. type: Content of: <div><ol><li>
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "(1) In 1984 or 1985, Don Hopkins (a very imaginative fellow) mailed me a "
+#| "letter. On the envelope he had written several amusing sayings, "
+#| "including this one: “Copyleft—all rights reversed.” I "
+#| "used the word “copyleft” to name the distribution concept I "
+#| "was developing at the time."
+msgid ""
+"In 1984 or 1985, Don Hopkins (a very imaginative fellow) mailed me a "
+"letter. <a href=\"/graphics/copyleft-sticker.html\">On the envelope</a> he "
+"had written several amusing sayings, including this one: “"
+"Copyleft—all rights reversed.” I used the word “"
+"copyleft” to name the distribution concept I was developing at the "
+"time."
+msgstr ""
+"(1) 1984 ya da 1985 yılında, Don Hopkins (hayal gücü çok geniŠolan bir
"
+"adam) bana bir mektup gönderdi. Mektubunda birçok komik Åey yazıyordu,
Åu da "
+"bunlardan biriydi: âCopyleft , tüm hakları ters çevrilmiÅtirâ.
âCopyleftâ "
+"sözcüÄünü o zamanlar geliÅtirmekte olduÄum daÄıtım kavramını
adlandırmak "
+"için kullanmıÅtım."
+
+#. type: Content of: <div><ol><li>
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "(2) We now use the <a href=\"/licenses/fdl.html\">GNU Free Documentation "
+#| "License</a> for documentation."
+msgid ""
+"We now use the <a href=\"/licenses/fdl.html\">GNU Free Documentation "
+"License</a> for documentation."
+msgstr ""
+"(2) Åimdi belgeler için <a href=\"/licenses/fdl.html\">GNU Ãzgür "
+"Belgelendirme Lisansı</a>nı kullanıyoruz."
+
+#. type: Content of: <div><ol><li>
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "(1) “Bourne Again Shell” is a play on the name “Bourne "
+#| "Shell”, which was the usual shell on Unix."
+msgid ""
+"“Bourne Again Shell” is a play on the name “Bourne Shell,"
+"” which was the usual shell on Unix."
+msgstr ""
+"(1) âBourne again Shellâ âBourne Shellâ adı üzerinde bir Åakadır,
bu, "
+"Unixâteki genel kabuktur."
+
+#. type: Content of: <div><ol><li>
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "(1) That was written in 1998. In 2009 we no longer maintain a long task "
+#| "list. The community develops free software so fast that we can't even "
+#| "keep track of it all. Instead, we have a list of High Priority Projects, "
+#| "a much shorter list of projects we really want to encourage people to "
+#| "write."
+msgid ""
+"That was written in 1998. In 2009 we no longer maintain a long task list. "
+"The community develops free software so fast that we can't even keep track "
+"of it all. Instead, we have a list of High Priority Projects, a much "
+"shorter list of projects we really want to encourage people to write."
+msgstr ""
+"(1) Bu 1998'de yazıldı. 2009'da artık uzun bir görev listesi tutmuyoruz. "
+"Topluluk o kadar hızlı özgür yazılım geliÅtiriyor ki hepsini bile
takip "
+"edemiyoruz. Bunun yerine Yüksek Ãncelikli Projelerin bir listesi var, "
+"insanları daha çok yazmaya teÅvik etmek istediÄimiz çok daha kısa bir "
+"projeler listesi."
+
+#. type: Content of: <div><ol><li>
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "(1) This license is now called the GNU Lesser General Public License, to "
+#| "avoid giving the idea that all libraries ought to use it. See <a href=\"/"
+#| "philosophy/why-not-lgpl.html\">Why you shouldn't use the Lesser GPL for "
+#| "your next library</a> for more information."
+msgid ""
+"This license is now called the GNU Lesser General Public License, to avoid "
+"giving the idea that all libraries ought to use it. See <a href=\"/"
+"philosophy/why-not-lgpl.html\">Why you shouldn't use the Lesser GPL for your "
+"next library</a> for more information."
+msgstr ""
+"(1) Bu lisans Åimdi GNU Kısıtlı Genel Kamu Lisansı adını almıÅtır, "
+"kütüphanelerin onu kullanması gerektiÄi fikrini vermemek için.
Ayrıntılı "
+"bilgi için <a href=\"/philosophy/why-not-lgpl.html\">Bir sonraki "
+"kütüphaneniz için neden Kısıtlı GPL kullanmamalısınız</a> yazısına
"
+"bakabilirsiniz."
+
+#. type: Content of: <div><ol><li>
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "(2008 note: this issue extends to the BIOS as well. There is a free "
+#| "BIOS, <a href=\"http://www.libreboot.org/\";>LibreBoot</a> (a distribution "
+#| "of coreboot); the problem is getting specs for machines so that LibreBoot "
+#| "can support them without nonfree “blobs”.)"
+msgid ""
+"2008 note: this issue extends to the BIOS as well. There is a free BIOS, <a "
+"href=\"https://libreboot.org/\";>LibreBoot</a> (a distribution of coreboot); "
+"the problem is getting specs for machines so that LibreBoot can support them "
+"without nonfree “blobs.”"
+msgstr ""
+"(2008 notu: bu konu BIOS'a da geniÅletilebilir. Ãzgür bir BIOS vardır, <a
"
+"href=\"http://www.libreboot.org/\";>LibreBoot</a>; sorun (bir coreboot "
+"daÄıtımı olan) LibreBoot'un özgür olmayan “bloblar” olmadan
"
+"onları destekleyebilmesini saÄlamak için makine belirtimlerini elde "
+"etmektir.)"
+
+#. type: Content of: <div><ol><li>
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "[Subsequent note: in September 2000, Qt was rereleased under the GNU GPL, "
+#| "which essentially solved this problem.]"
+msgid ""
+"In September 2000, Qt was rereleased under the GNU GPL, which essentially "
+"solved this problem."
+msgstr ""
+"[not: Eylül 2000'de Qt GNU GPL olarak yayınlanmıÅtır, bu problem "
+"çözülmüÅtür.]"
+
+#. type: Content of: <div><ol><li>
+msgid "As of 2009, the GIF patents have expired."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <div><ol><li>
+msgid ""
+"As of 2017, the MP3 patents have expired. Look how long we had to wait."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <div><div><p>
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "Originally published in the book <em>Open Sources</em>. Richard Stallman "
+#| "was <a href=\"/philosophy/open-source-misses-the-point.html\"> never a "
+#| "supporter of “open source”</a>, but contributed this article "
+#| "so that the ideas of the free software movement would not be entirely "
+#| "absent from that book."
+msgid ""
+"Originally published in the book <cite>Open Sources</cite>. Richard "
+"Stallman was <a href=\"/philosophy/open-source-misses-the-point.html\"> "
+"never a supporter of “open source”</a>, but contributed this "
+"article so that the ideas of the free software movement would not be "
+"entirely absent from that book."
+msgstr ""
+"Orijinali <em>Açık Kaynaklar</em> kitabında yayınlanmıÅtır. Richard
Stallman "
+"<a href=\"/philosophy/open-source-misses-the-point.html\">hiç bir zaman "
+"“açık kaynak” destekçisi olmamıÅtır</a>, ancak özgür
yazılım "
+"hareketinin fikirlerinin kitapta eksik kalmaması için bu yazıyla kitaba "
+"katkıda bulunmuÅtur."
+
#. TRANSLATORS: Use space (SPC) as msgstr if you don't have notes.
#. type: Content of: <div>
msgid "*GNUN-SLOT: TRANSLATOR'S NOTES*"
@@ -2225,14 +2504,19 @@
#. Please send your comments and general suggestions in this regard
#. to <a href="mailto:web-translators@gnu.org";>
#. <web-translators@gnu.org></a>.</p>
-#. <p>For information on coordinating and submitting translations of
+#. <p>For information on coordinating and contributing translations of
#. our web pages, see <a
#. href="/server/standards/README.translations.html">Translations
#. README</a>.
#. type: Content of: <div><div><p>
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "Please see the <a href=\"/server/standards/README.translations.html"
+#| "\">Translations README</a> for information on coordinating and "
+#| "contributing translations of this article."
msgid ""
"Please see the <a href=\"/server/standards/README.translations.html"
-"\">Translations README</a> for information on coordinating and submitting "
+"\">Translations README</a> for information on coordinating and contributing "
"translations of this article."
msgstr ""
"Ãevirilerimizde bulmuÅ olabileceÄiniz hataları, aklınızdaki soru ve "
@@ -2246,9 +2530,13 @@
"\">çalıÅma sayfamızı</a> ziyaret edebilirsiniz."
#. type: Content of: <div><p>
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "Copyright © 1998, 2001, 2002, 2005, 2006, 2007, 2008, 2010, 2014, "
+#| "2015, 2017, 2018, 2020 Richard Stallman"
msgid ""
-"Copyright © 1998, 2001, 2002, 2005, 2006, 2007, 2008, 2010, 2014, 2015, "
-"2017, 2018, 2020 Richard Stallman"
+"Copyright © 1998, 2005, 2008, 2010, 2012, 2015, 2017, 2018, 2021 "
+"Richard Stallman"
msgstr ""
"Copyright © 1998, 2001, 2002, 2005, 2006, 2007, 2008, 2010, 2014, 2015, "
"2017, 2018, 2020 Richard Stallman"
@@ -2301,13 +2589,19 @@
msgid "Updated:"
msgstr "Son Güncelleme:"
-#. type: Content of: <div><p>
-msgid ""
-"Copyright © 1998, 2001, 2002, 2005, 2006, 2007, 2008, 2010, 2014, 2015, "
-"2017, 2018, 2020, 2021 Richard Stallman"
-msgstr ""
-"Copyright © 1998, 2001, 2002, 2005, 2006, 2007, 2008, 2010, 2014, 2015, "
-"2017, 2018, 2020, 2021 Richard Stallman"
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "by <a href=\"http://www.stallman.org/\";><strong>Richard Stallman</"
+#~ "strong></a>"
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "yazan <a href=\"http://www.stallman.org/\";><strong>Richard Stallman</"
+#~ "strong></a>"
+
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "Copyright © 1998, 2001, 2002, 2005, 2006, 2007, 2008, 2010, 2014, "
+#~ "2015, 2017, 2018, 2020, 2021 Richard Stallman"
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "Copyright © 1998, 2001, 2002, 2005, 2006, 2007, 2008, 2010, 2014, "
+#~ "2015, 2017, 2018, 2020, 2021 Richard Stallman"
#~ msgid ""
#~ "We call this system version GNU/Linux, to express its composition as a "
Index: thegnuproject.uk.po
===================================================================
RCS file: /web/www/www/gnu/po/thegnuproject.uk.po,v
retrieving revision 1.43
retrieving revision 1.44
diff -u -b -r1.43 -r1.44
--- thegnuproject.uk.po 24 Oct 2021 07:25:24 -0000 1.43
+++ thegnuproject.uk.po 24 Oct 2021 07:31:39 -0000 1.44
@@ -7,7 +7,7 @@
msgid ""
msgstr ""
"Project-Id-Version: thegnuproject.html\n"
-"POT-Creation-Date: 2020-07-12 02:25+0000\n"
+"POT-Creation-Date: 2021-10-24 07:25+0000\n"
"PO-Revision-Date: 2018-05-23 20:04+0200\n"
"Last-Translator: Andriy Bandura <andriykopanytsia@gmail.com>\n"
"Language-Team: Ukrainian <>\n"
@@ -15,6 +15,7 @@
"MIME-Version: 1.0\n"
"Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8\n"
"Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit\n"
+"X-Outdated-Since: 2021-10-24 07:25+0000\n"
"Plural-Forms: nplurals=3; plural=(n%10==1 && n%100!=11 ? 0 : n%10>=2 && n"
"%10<=4 && (n%100<10 || n%100>=20) ? 1 : 2);\n"
"X-Generator: Lokalize 2.0\n"
@@ -29,44 +30,21 @@
"GNU, пÑÐ¾ÐµÐºÑ GNU, ФСÐÐ, вÑлÑÐ½Ñ Ð¿ÑогÑами, Фонд
вÑлÑного пÑогÑамного "
"забезпеÑеннÑ, ÑÑÑоÑÑÑ"
-#. type: Content of: <h2>
+#. type: Content of: <div><h2>
msgid "The GNU Project"
msgstr "ÐÑÐ¾ÐµÐºÑ GNU"
-#. type: Content of: <p>
-msgid ""
-"by <a href=\"http://www.stallman.org/\";><strong>Richard Stallman</strong></a>"
-msgstr ""
-"<a href=\"http://www.stallman.org/\";><strong>Ð ÑÑаÑд
СÑолмен</strong></a>"
-
-#. type: Content of: <blockquote><p>
-msgid ""
-"Originally published in the book <em>Open Sources</em>. Richard Stallman "
-"was <a href=\"/philosophy/open-source-misses-the-point.html\"> never a "
-"supporter of “open source”</a>, but contributed this article so "
-"that the ideas of the free software movement would not be entirely absent "
-"from that book."
-msgstr ""
-"СпоÑаÑÐºÑ Ð¾Ð¿ÑблÑковано в ÐºÐ½Ð¸Ð·Ñ <em>ÐÑдкÑиÑÑ
виÑ
ÑÐ´Ð½Ñ ÐºÐ¾Ð´Ð¸</em>. Ð ÑÑаÑд СÑолмен "
-"<a href=\"/philosophy/open-source-misses-the-point.html\"> нÑколи не
бÑв "
-"пÑиÑ
илÑником “вÑдкÑиÑого виÑ
Ñдного
кодє</a>, але вÑн пеÑедав ÑÑ "
-"ÑÑаÑÑÑ, Ñоб ÑÐ´ÐµÑ ÑÑÑ
Ñ Ð·Ð° вÑлÑне пÑогÑамне
забезпеÑÐµÐ½Ð½Ñ Ð½Ðµ бÑли вÑдÑÑÑÐ½Ñ Ð² "
-"ÑÑй ÐºÐ½Ð¸Ð·Ñ Ð¿Ð¾Ð²Ð½ÑÑÑÑ."
+#. type: Content of: <div><address>
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid "by <a href=\"https://www.stallman.org/\";>Richard Stallman</a>"
+msgid "by <a href=\"https://www.stallman.org/\";>Richard Stallman</a>"
+msgstr "<a href=\"https://www.stallman.org/\";>Ð ÑÑаÑд СÑолмен</a>"
-#. type: Content of: <blockquote><p>
-msgid ""
-"Why it is even more important than ever <a href=\"/philosophy/free-software-"
-"even-more-important.html\">to insist that the software we use be free</a>."
-msgstr ""
-"Ð§Ð¾Ð¼Ñ Ð·Ð°Ñаз важливо, Ñк нÑколи, <a
href=\"/philosophy/free-software-even-more-"
-"important.html\"> наполÑгаÑи на ÑомÑ, Ñоб
пÑогÑами, Ñкими ми коÑиÑÑÑÑмоÑÑ, "
-"бÑли вÑлÑними</a>."
-
-#. type: Content of: <h3>
+#. type: Content of: <div><h3>
msgid "The first software-sharing community"
msgstr "ÐеÑÑа гÑомада обмÑÐ½Ñ Ð¿ÑогÑамами"
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"When I started working at the <abbr title=\"Massachusetts Institute of "
"Technology\">MIT</abbr> Artificial Intelligence Lab in 1971, I became part "
@@ -82,15 +60,24 @@
"Ñамо ÑÑаÑий, Ñк комп'ÑÑеÑи, подÑбно до
Ñого, Ñк обмÑн ÑеÑепÑами, Ñак Ñамо "
"ÑÑаÑий, Ñк кÑлÑнаÑÑÑ. Ðле ми займалиÑÑ Ñим
бÑлÑÑе, нÑж ÑнÑÑ."
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "The AI Lab used a timesharing operating system called <abbr title="
+#| "\"Incompatible Timesharing System\">ITS</abbr> (the Incompatible "
+#| "Timesharing System) that the lab's staff hackers (1) had designed and "
+#| "written in assembler language for the Digital <abbr title=\"Programmed "
+#| "Data Processor\">PDP</abbr>-10, one of the large computers of the era. "
+#| "As a member of this community, an AI Lab staff system hacker, my job was "
+#| "to improve this system."
msgid ""
"The AI Lab used a timesharing operating system called <abbr title="
"\"Incompatible Timesharing System\">ITS</abbr> (the Incompatible Timesharing "
-"System) that the lab's staff hackers (1) had designed and written in "
-"assembler language for the Digital <abbr title=\"Programmed Data Processor"
-"\">PDP</abbr>-10, one of the large computers of the era. As a member of "
-"this community, an AI Lab staff system hacker, my job was to improve this "
-"system."
+"System) that the lab's staff hackers <a href=\"#ft1\">[1]</a> had "
+"designed and written in assembler language for the Digital <abbr title="
+"\"Programmed Data Processor\">PDP</abbr>-10, one of the large computers of "
+"the era. As a member of this community, an AI Lab staff system hacker, my "
+"job was to improve this system."
msgstr ""
"ÐабоÑаÑоÑÑÑ Ð¨Ð (Ð´Ð°Ð»Ñ ÐШÐ) коÑиÑÑÑвалаÑÑ
опеÑаÑÑÐ¹Ð½Ð¾Ñ ÑиÑÑÐµÐ¼Ð¾Ñ Ð¿Ñд Ð½Ð°Ð·Ð²Ð¾Ñ "
"<abbr title=\"Incompatible Timesharing System\">ITS</abbr>
(ÐеÑÑмÑÑна "
@@ -100,9 +87,17 @@
"ÐÐ¾Ñ ÑобоÑа Ñк Ñлена ÑпÑлÑноÑи, ÑÑаÑного Ñ
акеÑа ÐШÐ, полÑгала в полÑпÑÐµÐ½Ð½Ñ "
"ÑÑÑÑ ÑиÑÑеми."
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "We did not call our software “free software”, because that "
+#| "term did not yet exist; but that is what it was. Whenever people from "
+#| "another university or a company wanted to port and use a program, we "
+#| "gladly let them. If you saw someone using an unfamiliar and interesting "
+#| "program, you could always ask to see the source code, so that you could "
+#| "read it, change it, or cannibalize parts of it to make a new program."
msgid ""
-"We did not call our software “free software”, because that term "
+"We did not call our software “free software,” because that term "
"did not yet exist; but that is what it was. Whenever people from another "
"university or a company wanted to port and use a program, we gladly let "
"them. If you saw someone using an unfamiliar and interesting program, you "
@@ -117,28 +112,20 @@
"виÑ
Ñдний ÑекÑÑ, Ñоб його можна бÑло
пÑоÑиÑаÑи, змÑниÑи або ÑозÑбÑаÑи на "
"запÑаÑÑини Ð´Ð»Ñ Ð½Ð¾Ð²Ð¾Ñ Ð¿ÑогÑами."
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><div><p>
msgid ""
-"(1) The use of “hacker” to mean “security breaker” "
-"is a confusion on the part of the mass media. We hackers refuse to "
-"recognize that meaning, and continue using the word to mean someone who "
-"loves to program, someone who enjoys playful cleverness, or the combination "
-"of the two. See my article, <a href=\"http://stallman.org/articles/on-";
-"hacking.html\">On Hacking</a>."
+"Why it is even more important than ever <a href=\"/philosophy/free-software-"
+"even-more-important.html\">to insist that the software we use be free</a>."
msgstr ""
-"(1) ÐÐ¶Ð¸Ð²Ð°Ð½Ð½Ñ Ñлова “Ñ
акеє Ñ Ð·Ð½Ð°ÑеннÑ
“зломлÑÐ²Ð°Ñ "
-"заÑ
иÑÑÑ” помилка, ÑÐºÐ¾Ñ Ð¼Ð¸
зобов'ÑÐ·Ð°Ð½Ñ Ð·Ð°Ñобам маÑÐ¾Ð²Ð¾Ñ "
-"ÑнÑоÑмаÑÑÑ. Ðи, Ñ
акеÑи, вÑдмовлÑÑмоÑÑ
визнаваÑи Ñе знаÑÐµÐ½Ð½Ñ Ð¹ пÑодовжÑÑмо "
-"вживаÑи Ñе Ñлово в знаÑÐµÐ½Ð½Ñ “Ñой, Ñ
Ñо
лÑбиÑÑ Ð¿ÑогÑамÑваÑи, Ñ
Ñо оÑÑимÑÑ "
-"Ð·Ð°Ð´Ð¾Ð²Ð¾Ð»ÐµÐ½Ð½Ñ Ð²Ñд гÑи дÑмки, або комбÑнаÑÑÑ
Ñ Ñого, Ñ ÑнÑого”. Ðив. "
-"Ð¼Ð¾Ñ ÑÑаÑÑÑ <a href=\"http://stallman.org/articles/on-hacking.html\";>
“"
-"ÐÑо Ñ
акеÑÑÑво”</a>."
+"Ð§Ð¾Ð¼Ñ Ð·Ð°Ñаз важливо, Ñк нÑколи, <a
href=\"/philosophy/free-software-even-more-"
+"important.html\"> наполÑгаÑи на ÑомÑ, Ñоб
пÑогÑами, Ñкими ми коÑиÑÑÑÑмоÑÑ, "
+"бÑли вÑлÑними</a>."
-#. type: Content of: <h3>
+#. type: Content of: <div><h3>
msgid "The collapse of the community"
msgstr "ÐÐ°Ð³Ð¸Ð±ÐµÐ»Ñ Ð³Ñомади"
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"The situation changed drastically in the early 1980s when Digital "
"discontinued the PDP-10 series. Its architecture, elegant and powerful in "
@@ -153,15 +140,24 @@
"вÑÑÑмдеÑÑÑиÑ
. Це ознаÑало, Ñо майже вÑÑ
пÑогÑами, ÑÐºÑ Ñкладали ITS, "
"заÑÑаÑÑли."
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "The AI Lab hacker community had already collapsed, not long before. In "
+#| "1981, the spin-off company Symbolics had hired away nearly all of the "
+#| "hackers from the AI Lab, and the depopulated community was unable to "
+#| "maintain itself. (The book Hackers, by Steve Levy, describes these "
+#| "events, as well as giving a clear picture of this community in its "
+#| "prime.) When the AI Lab bought a new PDP-10 in 1982, its administrators "
+#| "decided to use Digital's nonfree timesharing system instead of ITS."
msgid ""
"The AI Lab hacker community had already collapsed, not long before. In "
"1981, the spin-off company Symbolics had hired away nearly all of the "
"hackers from the AI Lab, and the depopulated community was unable to "
-"maintain itself. (The book Hackers, by Steve Levy, describes these events, "
-"as well as giving a clear picture of this community in its prime.) When the "
-"AI Lab bought a new PDP-10 in 1982, its administrators decided to use "
-"Digital's nonfree timesharing system instead of ITS."
+"maintain itself. (The book <cite>Hackers</cite>, by Steve Levy, describes "
+"these events, as well as giving a clear picture of this community in its "
+"prime.) When the AI Lab bought a new PDP-10 in 1982, its administrators "
+"decided to use Digital's nonfree timesharing system instead of ITS."
msgstr ""
"ÐÑомада Ñ
акеÑÑв ÐШРвже ÑозвалилаÑÑ
незадовго до ÑÑого. У 1981 ÑоÑÑ "
"вÑддÑлилаÑÑ ÐºÐ¾Ð¼Ð¿Ð°Ð½ÑÑ Symbolics, Ñка
пеÑеманила майже вÑÑÑ
Ñ
акеÑÑв з ÐШÐ, Ñ "
@@ -171,7 +167,7 @@
"адмÑнÑÑÑÑаÑÑÑ Ð²Ð¸ÑÑÑила коÑиÑÑÑваÑиÑÑ
невÑлÑÐ½Ð¾Ñ ÑиÑÑÐµÐ¼Ð¾Ñ Ð¿Ð¾Ð´ÑÐ»Ñ ÑаÑÑ ÐºÐ¾Ð¼Ð¿Ð°Ð½ÑÑ "
"Digital замÑÑÑÑ ITS."
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"The modern computers of the era, such as the VAX or the 68020, had their own "
"operating systems, but none of them were free software: you had to sign a "
@@ -181,7 +177,7 @@
"опеÑаÑÑÐ¹Ð½Ñ ÑиÑÑеми, але жодна з ниÑ
не
бÑла вÑлÑноÑ: доводилоÑÑ Ð¿ÑдпиÑÑваÑи "
"договÑÑ Ð¿Ñо неÑозголоÑеннÑ, Ñоб оÑÑимаÑи Ñ
оÑа б копÑÑ Ð²Ð¸ÐºÐ¾Ð½ÑваниÑ
ÑайлÑв."
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"This meant that the first step in using a computer was to promise not to "
"help your neighbor. A cooperating community was forbidden. The rule made "
@@ -195,7 +191,7 @@
"обмÑнÑÑÑеÑÑ Ð·Ñ ÑвоÑм ÑÑÑÑдом, Ñо ви
пÑÑаÑ. ЯкÑо вам поÑÑÑÐ±Ð½Ñ "
"бÑдÑ-ÑÐºÑ Ð·Ð¼Ñни, пÑоÑÑÑÑ Ð½Ð°Ñ Ð²Ð½ÐµÑÑи ÑÑ
”."
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"The idea that the proprietary software social system—the system that "
"says you are not allowed to share or change software—is antisocial, "
@@ -219,11 +215,19 @@
"пÑаÑÑвали над Ñим, Ñоб пеÑеконаÑи лÑдей,
Ñо на Ñе пиÑÐ°Ð½Ð½Ñ Ð¼Ð¾Ð¶Ð½Ð° дивиÑиÑÑ "
"ÑÑлÑки з однÑÑÑ Ð¿Ð¾Ð·Ð¸ÑÑÑ."
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "When software publishers talk about “enforcing” their “"
+#| "rights” or “stopping <a href=\"/philosophy/words-to-avoid."
+#| "html#Piracy\">piracy</a>”, what they actually <em>say</em> is "
+#| "secondary. The real message of these statements is in the unstated "
+#| "assumptions they take for granted, which the public is asked to accept "
+#| "without examination. Let's therefore examine them."
msgid ""
"When software publishers talk about “enforcing” their “"
"rights” or “stopping <a href=\"/philosophy/words-to-avoid."
-"html#Piracy\">piracy</a>”, what they actually <em>say</em> is "
+"html#Piracy\">piracy</a>,” what they actually <em>say</em> is "
"secondary. The real message of these statements is in the unstated "
"assumptions they take for granted, which the public is asked to accept "
"without examination. Let's therefore examine them."
@@ -235,7 +239,7 @@
"ÑÐºÑ Ð²Ð¾Ð½Ð¸ вважаÑÑÑ Ñамо ÑÐ¾Ð±Ð¾Ñ Ð·ÑозÑмÑлими
Ñ ÑÐºÑ ÑÑÑпÑлÑÑÑво пÑоÑÑÑÑ Ð¿ÑийнÑÑи "
"без пеÑевÑÑки. ÐÑже, давайÑе ÑÑ
пеÑевÑÑимо."
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"One assumption is that software companies have an unquestionable natural "
"right to own software and thus have power over all its users. (If this were "
@@ -252,7 +256,7 @@
"авÑоÑÑÑке пÑаво не Ñ Ð¿ÑиÑодним, Ñе ÑÑÑÑна
монополÑÑ, введена деÑжавоÑ, Ñка "
"обмежÑÑ Ð¿ÑиÑодне пÑаво коÑиÑÑÑваÑÑв
копÑÑваÑи."
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"Another unstated assumption is that the only important thing about software "
"is what jobs it allows you to do—that we computer users should not "
@@ -263,7 +267,7 @@
"наÑ, коÑиÑÑÑваÑÑв комп'ÑÑеÑÑв, не повинно
ÑÑÑбÑваÑи, Ñкого ÑÐ¾Ð´Ñ ÑÑÑпÑлÑÑÑво "
"нам дозволено маÑи."
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"A third assumption is that we would have no usable software (or would never "
"have a program to do this or that particular job) if we did not offer a "
@@ -279,7 +283,7 @@
"пÑодемонÑÑÑÑвав, Ñо ми можемо зÑобиÑи
безлÑÑ ÐºÐ¾ÑиÑниÑ
пÑогÑам, не накладаÑÑи "
"на ниÑ
ланÑÑгÑв."
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"If we decline to accept these assumptions, and judge these issues based on "
"ordinary commonsense morality while placing the users first, we arrive at "
@@ -293,13 +297,20 @@
"вÑлÑÐ½Ñ Ð·Ð¼ÑнÑваÑи пÑогÑами пÑд ÑвоÑ
поÑÑеби Ñ Ð¾Ð±Ð¼ÑнÑваÑиÑÑ Ð¿ÑогÑамами, ÑÐ¾Ð¼Ñ "
"Ñо допомога ÑнÑим лÑдÑм ÑÑановиÑÑ Ð¾ÑновÑ
ÑÑÑпÑлÑÑÑва."
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "There is no room here for an extensive statement of the reasoning behind "
+#| "this conclusion, so I refer the reader to the web pages <a href=\"/"
+#| "philosophy/why-free.html\"> http://www.gnu.org/philosophy/why-free.html</"
+#| "a> and <a href=\"/philosophy/free-software-even-more-important.html\"> "
+#| "http://www.gnu.org/philosophy/free-software-even-more-important.html</a>."
msgid ""
"There is no room here for an extensive statement of the reasoning behind "
-"this conclusion, so I refer the reader to the web pages <a href=\"/"
-"philosophy/why-free.html\"> http://www.gnu.org/philosophy/why-free.html</a> "
-"and <a href=\"/philosophy/free-software-even-more-important.html\"> http://";
-"www.gnu.org/philosophy/free-software-even-more-important.html</a>."
+"this conclusion, so I refer the reader to “<a href=\"/philosophy/why-"
+"free.html\">Why Software Should Not Have Owners</a>,” and “<a "
+"href=\"/philosophy/free-software-even-more-important.html\">Free Software Is "
+"Even More Important Now</a>.”"
msgstr ""
"ТÑÑ Ð½ÐµÐ´Ð¾ÑÑаÑнÑо мÑÑÑÑ Ð´Ð»Ñ Ð´Ð¾ÐºÐ»Ð°Ð´Ð½Ð¾Ð³Ð¾
Ð²Ð¸ÐºÐ»Ð°Ð´Ñ Ð¿ÑиÑин, Ñо пÑизводÑÑÑ Ð´Ð¾ ÑÑого "
"виÑновкÑ, ÑÐ¾Ð¼Ñ Ñ Ð²ÑдÑÐ¸Ð»Ð°Ñ ÑиÑаÑа до
ÑÑоÑÑнок <a href=\"/philosophy/why-free."
@@ -307,11 +318,11 @@
"philosophy/free-software-even-more-important.html\"> http://www.gnu.org/";
"philosophy/free-software-even-more-important.html</a>."
-#. type: Content of: <h3>
+#. type: Content of: <div><h3>
msgid "A stark moral choice"
msgstr "ТвеÑдий моÑалÑний вибÑÑ"
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"With my community gone, to continue as before was impossible. Instead, I "
"faced a stark moral choice."
@@ -319,7 +330,7 @@
"ÐÑкÑлÑки Ð¼Ð¾Ñ Ð³Ñомада зникла, Ñ Ð½Ðµ мÑг
пÑодовжÑваÑи жиÑи, Ñк ÑанÑÑе. ÐамÑÑÑÑ "
"ÑÑого пеÑÐµÐ´Ñ Ð¼Ð½Ð¾Ñ Ð¿Ð¾ÑÑав ÑвеÑдий
моÑалÑний вибÑÑ."
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"The easy choice was to join the proprietary software world, signing "
"nondisclosure agreements and promising not to help my fellow hacker. Most "
@@ -333,7 +344,7 @@
"випÑÑкали б на ÑмоваÑ
неÑозголоÑеннÑ,
збÑлÑÑÑÑÑи Ñаким Ñином ÑиÑк на ÑнÑиÑ
"
"лÑдей, Ñоб вони Ñеж зÑадили ÑвоÑÑ
побÑаÑимÑв."
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"I could have made money this way, and perhaps amused myself writing code. "
"But I knew that at the end of my career, I would look back on years of "
@@ -345,7 +356,7 @@
"ÑÐºÑ Ñ Ð±ÑдÑвав ÑÑÑни, Ñоб Ñоз'ÑднаÑи лÑдей,
Ñ Ð²ÑдÑÑÑ, Ñо Ñ Ð¿ÑовÑв ÑÐ²Ð¾Ñ Ð¶Ð¸ÑÑÑ, "
"ÑоблÑÑи ÑвÑÑ Ð³ÑÑÑим."
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"I had already experienced being on the receiving end of a nondisclosure "
"agreement, when someone refused to give me and the MIT AI Lab the source "
@@ -364,7 +375,7 @@
"вÑдмовивÑÑ Ð¿Ð¾Ð´ÑлиÑиÑÑ Ð· нами; Ñ Ð½Ðµ мÑг
вÑÑаÑи на його мÑÑÑе Ñ ÑобиÑи Ñе Ñаме "
"Ñодо вÑÑÑ
ÑнÑиÑ
."
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"Another choice, straightforward but unpleasant, was to leave the computer "
"field. That way my skills would not be misused, but they would still be "
@@ -376,7 +387,7 @@
"але вони вÑе-Ñаки пÑопали даÑемно. Я не бÑв
би винен в Ñоз'ÑÐ´Ð½Ð°Ð½Ð½Ñ Ñ "
"Ð¾Ð±Ð¼ÐµÐ¶ÐµÐ½Ð½Ñ ÐºÐ¾ÑиÑÑÑваÑÑв комп'ÑÑеÑÑв, але
Ñим не Ð¼ÐµÐ½Ñ Ñе вÑдбÑвалоÑÑ Ð±."
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"So I looked for a way that a programmer could do something for the good. I "
"asked myself, was there a program or programs that I could write, so as to "
@@ -386,7 +397,7 @@
"Ñебе, Ñи не бÑло пÑогÑами або пÑогÑам, ÑкÑ
Ñ Ð¼Ñг би напиÑаÑи з Ñим, Ñоб "
"ÑпÑлÑноÑа Ð·Ð½Ð¾Ð²Ñ ÑÑала можливоÑ."
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"The answer was clear: what was needed first was an operating system. That "
"is the crucial software for starting to use a computer. With an operating "
@@ -405,7 +416,16 @@
"би в Ð·Ð¼Ð¾Ð·Ñ ÐºÐ¾ÑиÑÑÑваÑиÑÑ ÐºÐ¾Ð¼Ð¿'ÑÑеÑом, не
поÑинаÑÑи з змови, Ñка позбавлÑÑ "
"його дÑÑзÑв."
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "As an operating system developer, I had the right skills for this job. "
+#| "So even though I could not take success for granted, I realized that I "
+#| "was elected to do the job. I chose to make the system compatible with "
+#| "Unix so that it would be portable, and so that Unix users could easily "
+#| "switch to it. The name GNU was chosen, following a hacker tradition, as "
+#| "a recursive acronym for “GNU's Not Unix.” It is pronounced as "
+#| "<a href=\"/gnu/pronunciation.html\">one syllable with a hard g</a>."
msgid ""
"As an operating system developer, I had the right skills for this job. So "
"even though I could not take success for granted, I realized that I was "
@@ -413,7 +433,7 @@
"that it would be portable, and so that Unix users could easily switch to "
"it. The name GNU was chosen, following a hacker tradition, as a recursive "
"acronym for “GNU's Not Unix.” It is pronounced as <a href=\"/gnu/"
-"pronunciation.html\">one syllable with a hard g</a>."
+"pronunciation.html\">one syllable with a hard <i>g</i></a>."
msgstr ""
"У мене Ñк Ñ ÑозÑобника опеÑаÑÑйноÑ
ÑиÑÑеми бÑли поÑÑÑÐ±Ð½Ñ Ð´Ð»Ñ ÑÑÑÑ ÑобоÑи "
"навиÑки. ТомÑ, Ñ
оÑа не мÑг ÑвеÑдо ÑозÑаÑ
овÑваÑи на ÑÑпÑÑ
, Ñ ÑÑвÑдомлÑвав, Ñо "
@@ -424,7 +444,7 @@
"Ðона вимовлÑÑÑÑÑÑ Ñк <a
href=\"/gnu/pronunciation.html\">один Ñклад з "
"ÑкÑаÑнÑÑким Ò</a>."
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"An operating system does not mean just a kernel, barely enough to run other "
"programs. In the 1970s, every operating system worthy of the name included "
@@ -439,39 +459,35 @@
"поÑÑÐ¾Ð²Ñ Ð¿ÑогÑами Ñа багаÑо ÑнÑого. Ðони
бÑли в ITS, вони бÑли в Multics, "
"вони бÑли в VMS, вони бÑли Ñ Ð² Unix. Ðони бÑдÑÑÑ
Ñ Ð² опеÑаÑÑйнÑй ÑиÑÑÐµÐ¼Ñ GNU."
-#. type: Content of: <p>
-msgid "Later I heard these words, attributed to Hillel (1):"
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid "Later I heard these words, attributed to Hillel (1):"
+msgid ""
+"Later I heard these words, attributed to Hillel <a href=\"#ft2\">[2]</"
+"a>:"
msgstr "ÐÑзнÑÑе Ñ Ð¿Ð¾ÑÑв ÑÐ°ÐºÑ Ñлова,
пÑипиÑÑÐ²Ð°Ð½Ñ Ð¥ÑÐ»ÐµÐ»Ñ (1):"
-#. type: Content of: <blockquote><p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><blockquote><p>
msgid "If I am not for myself, who will be for me?"
msgstr "ЯкÑо Ñ Ð½Ðµ за Ñебе, Ñ
Ñо бÑде за мене?"
-#. type: Content of: <blockquote><p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><blockquote><p>
msgid "If I am only for myself, what am I?"
msgstr "ЯкÑо Ñ ÑÑлÑки за Ñебе, Ñ
Ñо Ñ Ñакий?"
-#. type: Content of: <blockquote><p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><blockquote><p>
msgid "If not now, when?"
msgstr "ЯкÑо не заÑаз, Ñо коли?"
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid "The decision to start the GNU Project was based on a similar spirit."
msgstr "Ð ÑÑÐµÐ½Ð½Ñ Ð¿Ð¾ÑаÑи пÑÐ¾ÐµÐºÑ GNU бÑло
заÑноване на ÑÑ
Ð¾Ð¶Ð¾Ð¼Ñ ÑÑвленнÑ."
-#. type: Content of: <p>
-msgid ""
-"(1) As an Atheist, I don't follow any religious leaders, but I sometimes "
-"find I admire something one of them has said."
-msgstr ""
-"(1) Як аÑеÑÑÑ Ñ Ð½Ðµ Ñ Ð¿Ð¾ÑлÑдовником бÑдÑ-ÑкиÑ
ÑелÑгÑйниÑ
лÑдеÑÑв, але ÑÐ½Ð¾Ð´Ñ Ñ "
-"виÑвлÑÑ, Ñо заÑ
оплÑÑÑÑ Ñим, Ñо Ñказав Ñ
Ñо-небÑÐ´Ñ Ð· ниÑ
."
-
-#. type: Content of: <h3>
+#. type: Content of: <div><h3>
msgid "Free as in freedom"
msgstr "ÐÑлÑний вÑд Ñлова волÑ"
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"The term “free software” is sometimes misunderstood—it has "
"nothing to do with price. It is about freedom. Here, therefore, is the "
@@ -481,15 +497,15 @@
"вÑн не Ð¼Ð°Ñ Ð½ÑÑкого вÑдноÑÐµÐ½Ð½Ñ Ð´Ð¾ ваÑÑоÑÑÑ.
ÐÑн вÑдноÑиÑÑÑÑ Ð´Ð¾ волÑ. Таким "
"Ñином, оÑÑ Ð²Ð¸Ð·Ð½Ð°ÑÐµÐ½Ð½Ñ Ð²ÑлÑÐ½Ð¾Ñ Ð¿ÑогÑами."
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid "A program is free software, for you, a particular user, if:"
msgstr "ÐÑогÑама вÑлÑна Ð´Ð»Ñ Ð²Ð°Ñ, конкÑеÑного
коÑиÑÑÑваÑа, ÑкÑо:"
-#. type: Content of: <ul><li>
+#. type: Content of: <div><ul><li>
msgid "You have the freedom to run the program as you wish, for any purpose."
msgstr "Ðи вÑлÑÐ½Ñ Ð²Ð¸ÐºÐ¾Ð½ÑваÑи пÑогÑамÑ, Ñк вам
завгодно, в бÑдÑ-ÑкиÑ
ÑÑлÑÑ
."
-#. type: Content of: <ul><li>
+#. type: Content of: <div><ul><li>
msgid ""
"You have the freedom to modify the program to suit your needs. (To make "
"this freedom effective in practice, you must have access to the source code, "
@@ -500,12 +516,12 @@
"пÑакÑиÑно здÑйÑненна, Ñ Ð²Ð°Ñ Ð¿Ð¾Ð²Ð¸Ð½ÐµÐ½ бÑÑи
доÑÑÑп до поÑаÑкового ÑекÑÑÑ, "
"оÑкÑлÑки вноÑиÑи змÑни в пÑогÑÐ°Ð¼Ñ Ð±ÐµÐ· виÑ
Ñдного ÑекÑÑÑ Ð½Ð°Ð´Ð·Ð²Ð¸Ñайно важко.)"
-#. type: Content of: <ul><li>
+#. type: Content of: <div><ul><li>
msgid ""
"You have the freedom to redistribute copies, either gratis or for a fee."
msgstr "Ðи вÑлÑно пеÑеÑозповÑÑджÑваÑи копÑÑ,
безкоÑÑовно або за гÑоÑÑ."
-#. type: Content of: <ul><li>
+#. type: Content of: <div><ul><li>
msgid ""
"You have the freedom to distribute modified versions of the program, so that "
"the community can benefit from your improvements."
@@ -513,7 +529,7 @@
"Ðи вÑлÑÐ½Ñ Ð¿Ð¾ÑиÑÑваÑи змÑÐ½ÐµÐ½Ñ Ð²ÐµÑÑÑÑ
пÑогÑами Ñак, Ñоб ÑÑÑпÑлÑÑÑво могло "
"оÑÑимÑваÑи коÑиÑÑÑ Ð²Ñд ваÑиÑ
полÑпÑенÑ."
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"Since “free” refers to freedom, not to price, there is no "
"contradiction between selling copies and free software. In fact, the "
@@ -529,14 +545,24 @@
"ÑпоÑÑб оÑÑимаÑи коÑÑи на ÑозвиÑок вÑлÑниÑ
пÑогÑам. Таким Ñином, пÑогÑама, "
"ÑÐºÑ Ð»Ñди не можÑÑÑ Ð²ÐºÐ»ÑÑаÑи в ÑÑ Ð·Ð±ÑÑники,
не Ñ Ð²ÑлÑноÑ."
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "Because of the ambiguity of “free”, people have long looked "
+#| "for alternatives, but no one has found a better term. The English "
+#| "language has more words and nuances than any other, but it lacks a "
+#| "simple, unambiguous, word that means “free”, as in "
+#| "freedom—“unfettered” being the word that comes closest "
+#| "in meaning. Such alternatives as “liberated”, “"
+#| "freedom”, and “open” have either the wrong meaning or "
+#| "some other disadvantage."
msgid ""
-"Because of the ambiguity of “free”, people have long looked for "
+"Because of the ambiguity of “free,” people have long looked for "
"alternatives, but no one has found a better term. The English language has "
"more words and nuances than any other, but it lacks a simple, unambiguous, "
-"word that means “free”, as in freedom—“"
+"word that means “free,” as in freedom—“"
"unfettered” being the word that comes closest in meaning. Such "
-"alternatives as “liberated”, “freedom”, and “"
+"alternatives as “liberated,” “freedom,” and “"
"open” have either the wrong meaning or some other disadvantage."
msgstr ""
"ÐеоднознаÑнÑÑÑÑ Ñлова “вÑлÑний”
пÑивела до довгиÑ
поÑÑкÑв "
@@ -548,11 +574,11 @@
"волє (“пÑогÑами волє) Ñ
“вÑдкÑиÑий”, маÑÑÑ "
"або невÑÑне знаÑеннÑ, або ÑкийÑÑ ÑнÑий
недолÑк."
-#. type: Content of: <h3>
+#. type: Content of: <div><h3>
msgid "GNU software and the GNU system"
msgstr "ÐÑогÑами GNU Ñ ÑиÑÑема GNU"
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"Developing a whole system is a very large project. To bring it into reach, "
"I decided to adapt and use existing pieces of free software wherever that "
@@ -567,7 +593,7 @@
"ÑкоÑиÑÑаÑиÑÑ ÑиÑÑÐµÐ¼Ð¾Ñ X Window замÑÑÑÑ
Ñого, Ñоб пиÑаÑи Ñе Ð¾Ð´Ð½Ñ Ð²ÑÐºÐ¾Ð½Ð½Ñ "
"ÑиÑÑÐµÐ¼Ñ Ð´Ð»Ñ GNU."
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"Because of these decisions, and others like them, the GNU system is not the "
"same as the collection of all GNU software. The GNU system includes "
@@ -581,11 +607,11 @@
"пÑоекÑами Ñ ÑÑ
влаÑниÑ
ÑÑлÑÑ
, але Ñкими ми
можемо ÑкоÑиÑÑаÑиÑÑ, ÑÐ¾Ð¼Ñ Ñо вони "
"вÑлÑнÑ."
-#. type: Content of: <h3>
+#. type: Content of: <div><h3>
msgid "Commencing the project"
msgstr "ÐоÑаÑок пÑоекÑÑ"
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"In January 1984 I quit my job at MIT and began writing GNU software. "
"Leaving MIT was necessary so that MIT would not be able to interfere with "
@@ -605,7 +631,7 @@
"Ñого, заÑади Ñого вона задÑмÑвалаÑÑ
ÑÑвоÑÐµÐ½Ð½Ñ Ð½Ð¾Ð²Ð¾Ð³Ð¾ гÑомади "
"обмÑÐ½Ñ Ð¿ÑогÑамами."
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"However, Professor Winston, then the head of the MIT AI Lab, kindly invited "
"me to keep using the lab's facilities."
@@ -613,15 +639,23 @@
"ÐÑоÑе пÑоÑеÑÐ¾Ñ Ð£ÑнÑÑон, ÑодÑÑнÑй кеÑÑвник
ÐШÐ, лÑб'Ñзно запÑоÑив мене "
"пÑодовжÑваÑи коÑиÑÑÑваÑиÑÑ ÑеÑÑÑÑами
лабоÑаÑоÑÑÑ."
-#. type: Content of: <h3>
+#. type: Content of: <div><h3>
msgid "The first steps"
msgstr "ÐеÑÑÑ ÐºÑоки"
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "Shortly before beginning the GNU Project, I heard about the Free "
+#| "University Compiler Kit, also known as VUCK. (The Dutch word for “"
+#| "free” is written with a <em>v</em>.) This was a compiler designed "
+#| "to handle multiple languages, including C and Pascal, and to support "
+#| "multiple target machines. I wrote to its author asking if GNU could use "
+#| "it."
msgid ""
"Shortly before beginning the GNU Project, I heard about the Free University "
"Compiler Kit, also known as VUCK. (The Dutch word for “free” is "
-"written with a <em>v</em>.) This was a compiler designed to handle multiple "
+"written with a <i>v</i>.) This was a compiler designed to handle multiple "
"languages, including C and Pascal, and to support multiple target machines. "
"I wrote to its author asking if GNU could use it."
msgstr ""
@@ -632,7 +666,7 @@
"пÑдÑÑимки багаÑÑоÑ
ÑÑлÑовиÑ
маÑин. Я
напиÑав його авÑоÑÑ Ñ Ð·Ð°Ð¿Ð¸Ñав, Ñи не "
"може GNU ÑкоÑиÑÑаÑиÑÑ Ñим компÑлÑÑоÑом."
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"He responded derisively, stating that the university was free but the "
"compiler was not. I therefore decided that my first program for the GNU "
@@ -642,7 +676,7 @@
"компÑлÑÑÐ¾Ñ Ð½Ñ. Таким Ñином, Ñ
виÑÑÑив, Ñо моÑÑ Ð¿ÐµÑÑÐ¾Ñ Ð¿ÑогÑÐ°Ð¼Ð¾Ñ "
"Ð´Ð»Ñ Ð¿ÑоекÑÑ GNU ÑÑане багаÑомовний
багаÑоплаÑÑоÑмний компÑлÑÑоÑ."
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"Hoping to avoid the need to write the whole compiler myself, I obtained the "
"source code for the Pastel compiler, which was a multiplatform compiler "
@@ -662,11 +696,22 @@
"коли Ñ Ð²Ð¸Ñвив, Ñо компÑлÑÑоÑÑ Ð¿Ð¾ÑÑÑбно
багаÑо Ð¼ÐµÐ³Ð°Ð±Ð°Ð¹Ñ ÑÑекового пÑоÑÑоÑÑ, а "
"доÑÑÑпна ÑиÑÑема Unix 68000 допÑÑкала ÑÑлÑки
64k."
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "I then realized that the Pastel compiler functioned by parsing the entire "
+#| "input file into a syntax tree, converting the whole syntax tree into a "
+#| "chain of “instructions”, and then generating the whole output "
+#| "file, without ever freeing any storage. At this point, I concluded I "
+#| "would have to write a new compiler from scratch. That new compiler is "
+#| "now known as <abbr title=\"GNU Compiler Collection\">GCC</abbr>; none of "
+#| "the Pastel compiler is used in it, but I managed to adapt and use the C "
+#| "front end that I had written. But that was some years later; first, I "
+#| "worked on GNU Emacs."
msgid ""
"I then realized that the Pastel compiler functioned by parsing the entire "
"input file into a syntax tree, converting the whole syntax tree into a chain "
-"of “instructions”, and then generating the whole output file, "
+"of “instructions,” and then generating the whole output file, "
"without ever freeing any storage. At this point, I concluded I would have "
"to write a new compiler from scratch. That new compiler is now known as "
"<abbr title=\"GNU Compiler Collection\">GCC</abbr>; none of the Pastel "
@@ -683,11 +728,11 @@
"викоÑиÑÑовÑваÑи пÑепÑоÑеÑÐ¾Ñ Ð¡Ñ, Ñкий Ñ
напиÑав. Ðле Ñе ÑÑалоÑÑ ÐºÑлÑка ÑокÑв "
"поÑомÑ; ÑпоÑаÑÐºÑ Ñ Ð¿ÑаÑÑвав над GNU Emacs."
-#. type: Content of: <h3>
+#. type: Content of: <div><h3>
msgid "GNU Emacs"
msgstr "GNU Emacs"
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"I began work on GNU Emacs in September 1984, and in early 1985 it was "
"beginning to be usable. This enabled me to begin using Unix systems to do "
@@ -700,7 +745,7 @@
"коÑиÑÑÑÐ²Ð°Ð½Ð½Ñ vi або ed Ð¼ÐµÐ½Ñ Ð±Ñло не ÑÑкаво,
до ÑÑого Ñ Ð¿Ñоводив ÑедагÑÐ²Ð°Ð½Ð½Ñ "
"на ÑнÑиÑ
видаÑ
маÑин."
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"At this point, people began wanting to use GNU Emacs, which raised the "
"question of how to distribute it. Of course, I put it on the anonymous ftp "
@@ -720,7 +765,7 @@
"ÐнÑеÑнеÑÑ Ñ Ð½Ðµ могли оÑÑимаÑи копÑÑ Ð· ftp.
ÐÑже, пиÑÐ°Ð½Ð½Ñ Ð±Ñло в ÑомÑ, Ñо "
"Ð¼ÐµÐ½Ñ Ñм казаÑи?"
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"I could have said, “Find a friend who is on the net and who will make "
"a copy for you.” Or I could have done what I did with the original "
@@ -742,11 +787,11 @@
"поÑиÑÐµÐ½Ð½Ñ Ð²ÑлÑниÑ
пÑогÑам Ñ ÑÑав
пÑедÑеÑÐµÑ ÐºÐ¾Ð¼Ð¿Ð°Ð½Ñй, ÑÐºÑ Ð² наÑÑ Ð´Ð½Ñ "
"поÑиÑÑÑÑÑ ÑÑÐ»Ñ ÑиÑÑеми GNU/Linux."
-#. type: Content of: <h3>
+#. type: Content of: <div><h3>
msgid "Is a program free for every user?"
msgstr "ÐÐ»Ñ ÐºÐ¾Ð¶Ð½Ð¾Ð³Ð¾ коÑиÑÑÑваÑа пÑогÑама
вÑлÑна?"
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"If a program is free software when it leaves the hands of its author, this "
"does not necessarily mean it will be free software for everyone who has a "
@@ -766,7 +811,7 @@
"пÑава, але вони поÑиÑÑÑÑÑÑÑ Ð¿Ñд пÑоÑÑими
необмежÑвалÑними лÑÑензÑÑми, ÑÐºÑ "
"допÑÑкаÑÑÑ Ð½ÐµÐ²ÑлÑÐ½Ñ Ð¼Ð¾Ð´Ð¸ÑÑкаÑÑÑ."
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"The paradigmatic example of this problem is the X Window System. Developed "
"at MIT, and released as free software with a permissive license, it was soon "
@@ -781,11 +826,18 @@
"Ñ Ð¿Ð¾ÑиÑили на Ð½ÐµÑ Ñой Ñамий договÑÑ
пÑо неÑозголоÑеннÑ. Ð¦Ñ ÐºÐ¾Ð¿ÑÑ X бÑли "
"не бÑлÑÑе вÑлÑнÑ, нÑж Unix."
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "The developers of the X Window System did not consider this a "
+#| "problem—they expected and intended this to happen. Their goal was "
+#| "not freedom, just “success”, defined as “having many "
+#| "users.” They did not care whether these users had freedom, only "
+#| "that they should be numerous."
msgid ""
"The developers of the X Window System did not consider this a problem—"
"they expected and intended this to happen. Their goal was not freedom, just "
-"“success”, defined as “having many users.” They did "
+"“success,” defined as “having many users.” They did "
"not care whether these users had freedom, only that they should be numerous."
msgstr ""
"РозÑобники ÑиÑÑеми X Window не вважали Ñе
пÑÐ¾Ð±Ð»ÐµÐ¼Ð¾Ñ — вони "
@@ -794,7 +846,7 @@
"коÑиÑÑÑваÑÑв”. Ðм бÑло вÑе одно, Ñи Ñ Ñ
ÑиÑ
коÑиÑÑÑваÑÑв волÑ; вони "
"дбали ÑÑлÑки пÑо Ñе, Ñоб коÑиÑÑÑваÑÑ Ð±Ñли
ÑиÑленнÑ."
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"This led to a paradoxical situation where two different ways of counting the "
"amount of freedom gave different answers to the question, “Is this "
@@ -812,23 +864,29 @@
"невÑлÑними веÑÑÑÑми, ÑÐºÑ Ð¿Ð¾ÑÑавлÑлиÑÑ Ð·
ÑиÑÑемами Unix, а не з вÑлÑÐ½Ð¾Ñ "
"веÑÑÑÑÑ."
-#. type: Content of: <h3>
+#. type: Content of: <div><h3>
msgid "Copyleft and the GNU GPL"
msgstr "ÐопÑлеÑÑ Ñа GNU GPL"
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "The goal of GNU was to give users freedom, not just to be popular. So we "
+#| "needed to use distribution terms that would prevent GNU software from "
+#| "being turned into proprietary software. The method we use is called "
+#| "“copyleft”.(1)"
msgid ""
"The goal of GNU was to give users freedom, not just to be popular. So we "
"needed to use distribution terms that would prevent GNU software from being "
"turned into proprietary software. The method we use is called “"
-"copyleft”.(1)"
+"copyleft” <a href=\"#ft3\">[3]</a>."
msgstr ""
"ÐеÑÐ¾Ñ GNU бÑло даÑи коÑиÑÑÑваÑам волÑ, а не
пÑоÑÑо бÑÑи попÑлÑÑноÑ. Ð¢Ð¾Ð¼Ñ Ð½Ð°Ð¼ "
"поÑÑÑбно бÑло заÑÑоÑÑваÑи Ñмови
ÑозповÑÑдженнÑ, ÑÐºÑ Ð·Ð°Ð¿Ð¾Ð±Ñгли б
пеÑеÑвоÑÐµÐ½Ð½Ñ "
"пÑогÑам GNU Ñ Ð½ÐµÐ²ÑлÑÐ½Ñ Ð¿ÑогÑами. ÐеÑод, Ñким
ми коÑиÑÑÑÑмоÑÑ, називаÑÑÑÑÑ "
"“копÑлеÑÑом”.(1)"
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"Copyleft uses copyright law, but flips it over to serve the opposite of its "
"usual purpose: instead of a means for restricting a program, it becomes a "
@@ -839,7 +897,7 @@
"замÑÑÑÑ Ñого, Ñоб бÑÑи заÑобом обмеженнÑ
пÑогÑами, вÑн ÑÑÐ°Ñ Ð·Ð°Ñобом "
"збеÑÐµÐ¶ÐµÐ½Ð½Ñ Ñвободи пÑогÑами."
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"The central idea of copyleft is that we give everyone permission to run the "
"program, copy the program, modify the program, and distribute modified "
@@ -854,7 +912,7 @@
"пÑогÑамє, гаÑанÑÐ¾Ð²Ð°Ð½Ñ Ð´Ð»Ñ ÐºÐ¾Ð¶Ð½Ð¾Ð³Ð¾, Ñ
кого Ñ ÐºÐ¾Ð¿ÑÑ; вони ÑÑаÑÑÑ "
"невÑдÑÑжÑваними пÑавами."
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"For an effective copyleft, modified versions must also be free. This "
"ensures that work based on ours becomes available to our community if it is "
@@ -870,7 +928,7 @@
"Ðам не можна обмÑнÑваÑиÑÑ Ñими змÑнами,
ÑÐ¾Ð¼Ñ Ñо ми збиÑаÑмоÑÑ ÑкоÑиÑÑаÑиÑÑ "
"ними, Ñоб зÑобиÑи ÑÐ²Ð¾Ñ Ð½ÐµÐ²ÑлÑÐ½Ñ Ð²ÐµÑÑÑÑ
ÑÑÑÑ Ð¿ÑогÑами”."
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"The requirement that changes must be free is essential if we want to ensure "
"freedom for every user of the program. The companies that privatized the X "
@@ -887,7 +945,7 @@
"випÑавдовÑвало вÑÐ´Ð¼Ð¾Ð²Ñ ÐºÐ¾ÑиÑÑÑваÑам Ñ
ÑвободÑ, бÑдÑ-Ñ
Ñо легко б ÑкоÑиÑÑавÑÑ "
"Ñим випÑавданнÑм."
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"A related issue concerns combining a free program with nonfree code. Such a "
"combination would inevitably be nonfree; whichever freedoms are lacking for "
@@ -906,13 +964,21 @@
"бÑÑи Ñаким, Ñоб велика комбÑнована веÑÑÑÑ
Ñакож бÑла вÑлÑÐ½Ð¾Ñ Ñ Ñоб на Ð½ÐµÑ "
"поÑиÑÑвавÑÑ ÐºÐ¾Ð¿ÑлеÑÑ."
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "The specific implementation of copyleft that we use for most GNU software "
+#| "is the GNU General Public License, or GNU GPL for short. We have other "
+#| "kinds of copyleft that are used in specific circumstances. GNU manuals "
+#| "are copylefted also, but use a much simpler kind of copyleft, because the "
+#| "complexity of the GNU GPL is not necessary for manuals.(2)"
msgid ""
"The specific implementation of copyleft that we use for most GNU software is "
"the GNU General Public License, or GNU GPL for short. We have other kinds "
"of copyleft that are used in specific circumstances. GNU manuals are "
"copylefted also, but use a much simpler kind of copyleft, because the "
-"complexity of the GNU GPL is not necessary for manuals.(2)"
+"complexity of the GNU GPL is not necessary for manuals. <a href="
+"\"#ft4\">[4]</a>"
msgstr ""
"ÐонкÑеÑна ÑеалÑзаÑÑÑ ÐºÐ¾Ð¿ÑлеÑÑÑ, ÑÐºÑ Ð¼Ð¸
заÑÑоÑовÑÑмо в бÑлÑÑоÑÑÑ Ð¿ÑогÑам "
"GNU — Ñе загалÑна гÑомадÑÑка лÑÑензÑÑ
GNU, або ÑкоÑоÑено GNU GPL. "
@@ -921,37 +987,25 @@
"видом копÑлеÑÑÑ, ÑÐ¾Ð¼Ñ Ñо Ð´Ð»Ñ Ð¿Ð¾ÑÑбникÑв не
поÑÑÑбна ÑÑÑ ÑкладнÑÑÑÑ GNU GPL."
"(2)"
-#. type: Content of: <p>
-msgid ""
-"(1) In 1984 or 1985, Don Hopkins (a very imaginative fellow) mailed me a "
-"letter. On the envelope he had written several amusing sayings, including "
-"this one: “Copyleft—all rights reversed.” I used the word "
-"“copyleft” to name the distribution concept I was developing at "
-"the time."
-msgstr ""
-"(1) У 1984 Ñи 1985 ÑоÑÑ Ðон ХопкÑÐ½Ñ (Ñнак з
багаÑÐ¾Ñ ÑÑвоÑ) надÑÑлав "
-"Ð¼ÐµÐ½Ñ Ð»Ð¸ÑÑа. Ðа конвеÑÑÑ Ð²Ñн напиÑав кÑлÑка
кÑмедниÑ
виÑловÑв, зокÑема Ñаке: "
-"“ÐопÑлеÑÑ ÑÑÑ Ð¿Ñава
заÑевеÑÑованє. Я ÑкоÑиÑÑавÑÑ "
-"виÑазом “копÑлеÑÑ ” в ÑкоÑÑÑ Ð½Ð°Ð·Ð²Ð¸
конÑепÑÑÑ Ð¿Ð¾ÑиÑеннÑ, над ÑÐºÐ¾Ñ "
-"Ñ Ð² Ñой ÑÐ°Ñ Ð¿ÑаÑÑвав."
-
-#. type: Content of: <p>
-msgid ""
-"(2) We now use the <a href=\"/licenses/fdl.html\">GNU Free Documentation "
-"License</a> for documentation."
-msgstr ""
-"(2) ÐаÑаз Ð´Ð»Ñ Ð´Ð¾ÐºÑменÑаÑÑÑ Ð¼Ð¸ коÑиÑÑÑÑмоÑÑ
<a href=\"/licenses/fdl.html\"> "
-"ÐÑÑензÑÑÑ Ð²ÑлÑÐ½Ð¾Ñ Ð´Ð¾ÐºÑменÑаÑÑÑ GNU </a>."
-
-#. type: Content of: <h3>
+#. type: Content of: <div><h3>
msgid "The Free Software Foundation"
msgstr "Фонд вÑлÑного пÑогÑамного
забезпеÑеннÑ"
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "As interest in using Emacs was growing, other people became involved in "
+#| "the GNU project, and we decided that it was time to seek funding once "
+#| "again. So in 1985 we created the <a href=\"http://www.fsf.org/\";>Free "
+#| "Software Foundation</a> (FSF), a tax-exempt charity for free software "
+#| "development. The <abbr title=\"Free Software Foundation\">FSF</abbr> "
+#| "also took over the Emacs tape distribution business; later it extended "
+#| "this by adding other free software (both GNU and non-GNU) to the tape, "
+#| "and by selling free manuals as well."
msgid ""
"As interest in using Emacs was growing, other people became involved in the "
"GNU project, and we decided that it was time to seek funding once again. So "
-"in 1985 we created the <a href=\"http://www.fsf.org/\";>Free Software "
+"in 1985 we created the <a href=\"https://www.fsf.org/\";>Free Software "
"Foundation</a> (FSF), a tax-exempt charity for free software development. "
"The <abbr title=\"Free Software Foundation\">FSF</abbr> also took over the "
"Emacs tape distribution business; later it extended this by adding other "
@@ -967,16 +1021,27 @@
"ÑÑÑÑÑкаÑ
; згодом вона доповнилаÑÑ
додаваннÑм на ÑÑÑÑÑÐºÑ ÑнÑиÑ
вÑлÑниÑ
"
"пÑогÑам (Ñк GNU, Ñак Ñ Ð½Ðµ GNU), а Ñакож пÑодажем
вÑлÑниÑ
поÑÑбникÑв."
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "Most of the FSF's income used to come from sales of copies of free "
+#| "software and of other related services (CD-ROMs of source code, CD-ROMs "
+#| "with binaries, nicely printed manuals, all with the freedom to "
+#| "redistribute and modify), and Deluxe Distributions (distributions for "
+#| "which we built the whole collection of software for the customer's choice "
+#| "of platform). Today the FSF still <a href=\"http://shop.fsf.org/\";> "
+#| "sells manuals and other gear</a>, but it gets the bulk of its funding "
+#| "from members' dues. You can join the FSF at <a href=\"http://fsf.org/join";
+#| "\">fsf.org</a>."
msgid ""
"Most of the FSF's income used to come from sales of copies of free software "
"and of other related services (CD-ROMs of source code, CD-ROMs with "
"binaries, nicely printed manuals, all with the freedom to redistribute and "
"modify), and Deluxe Distributions (distributions for which we built the "
"whole collection of software for the customer's choice of platform). Today "
-"the FSF still <a href=\"http://shop.fsf.org/\";> sells manuals and other "
+"the FSF still <a href=\"https://shop.fsf.org/\";> sells manuals and other "
"gear</a>, but it gets the bulk of its funding from members' dues. You can "
-"join the FSF at <a href=\"http://fsf.org/join\";>fsf.org</a>."
+"join the FSF at <a href=\"https://my.fsf.org/join\";>fsf.org</a>."
msgstr ""
"Ð ÑÑ ÑаÑи доÑ
Ñд ФÐÐÐ ÑкладавÑÑ
здебÑлÑÑого з пÑибÑÑÐºÑ Ð²Ñд пÑÐ¾Ð´Ð°Ð¶Ñ ÐºÐ¾Ð¿Ñй "
"вÑлÑниÑ
пÑогÑам Ñа ÑнÑиÑ
пов'ÑзаниÑ
з Ñим
поÑлÑг (компакÑ-диÑкÑв з виÑ
Ñдним "
@@ -988,7 +1053,16 @@
"але оÑÐ½Ð¾Ð²Ð½Ñ ÑаÑÑÐ¸Ð½Ñ ÐºÐ¾ÑÑÑв вÑн оÑÑимÑÑ Ð·
ÑленÑÑкиÑ
внеÑкÑв. Ðи можеÑе "
"пÑиÑднаÑиÑÑ Ð´Ð¾ ФÐÐРна <a
href=\"http://fsf.org/join\";>fsf.org</a>."
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "Free Software Foundation employees have written and maintained a number "
+#| "of GNU software packages. Two notable ones are the C library and the "
+#| "shell. The GNU C library is what every program running on a GNU/Linux "
+#| "system uses to communicate with Linux. It was developed by a member of "
+#| "the Free Software Foundation staff, Roland McGrath. The shell used on "
+#| "most GNU/Linux systems is <abbr title=\"Bourne Again Shell\">BASH</abbr>, "
+#| "the Bourne Again Shell(1), which was developed by FSF employee Brian Fox."
msgid ""
"Free Software Foundation employees have written and maintained a number of "
"GNU software packages. Two notable ones are the C library and the shell. "
@@ -996,7 +1070,8 @@
"to communicate with Linux. It was developed by a member of the Free "
"Software Foundation staff, Roland McGrath. The shell used on most GNU/Linux "
"systems is <abbr title=\"Bourne Again Shell\">BASH</abbr>, the Bourne Again "
-"Shell(1), which was developed by FSF employee Brian Fox."
+"SHell <a href=\"#ft5\">[5]</a>, which was developed by FSF employee "
+"Brian Fox."
msgstr ""
"СпÑвÑобÑÑники Ð¤Ð¾Ð½Ð´Ñ Ð²ÑлÑного пÑогÑамного
забезпеÑÐµÐ½Ð½Ñ Ð½Ð°Ð¿Ð¸Ñали Ñ "
"пÑдÑÑимÑвали деÑÐºÑ ÐºÑлÑкÑÑÑÑ Ð¿Ð°ÐºÐµÑÑв
пÑогÑам GNU. ÐÐ²Ñ Ð½Ð°Ð¹Ð±ÑлÑÑ Ð¿ÑимÑÑÐ½Ñ - "
@@ -1008,7 +1083,7 @@
"Shell\">BASH</abbr>, ÐÐ½Ð¾Ð²Ñ Ð¾Ð±Ð¾Ð»Ð¾Ð½ÐºÐ° ÐаÑÑна (1),
ÑозÑоблений ÑпÑвÑобÑÑником "
"ФÐÐÐ ÐÑайÑном ФокÑом."
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"We funded development of these programs because the GNU Project was not just "
"about tools or a development environment. Our goal was a complete operating "
@@ -1018,20 +1093,11 @@
"ÑÑлÑки коÑÑи або ÑеÑедовиÑе ÑозÑобки.
ÐаÑÐ¾Ñ Ð¼ÐµÑÐ¾Ñ Ð±Ñла повна опеÑаÑÑйна "
"ÑиÑÑема, а ÑÑ Ð¿ÑогÑами бÑли поÑÑÑÐ±Ð½Ñ Ð´Ð»Ñ
доÑÑÐ³Ð½ÐµÐ½Ð½Ñ ÑÑÑÑ Ð¼ÐµÑи."
-#. type: Content of: <p>
-msgid ""
-"(1) “Bourne Again Shell” is a play on the name “Bourne "
-"Shell”, which was the usual shell on Unix."
-msgstr ""
-"(1) “ÐÐ½Ð¾Ð²Ñ Ð¾Ð±Ð¾Ð»Ð¾Ð½ÐºÐ° ÐаÑÑна” гÑа
ÑлÑв, побÑдована на "
-"Ð½Ð°Ð·Ð²Ñ “Ðболонка ÐаÑÑна” — Ñак
називали звиÑайний "
-"командний ÑнÑеÑпÑеÑаÑÐ¾Ñ Unix."
-
-#. type: Content of: <h3>
+#. type: Content of: <div><h3>
msgid "Free software support"
msgstr "ÐÑдÑÑимка вÑлÑниÑ
пÑогÑам"
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"The free software philosophy rejects a specific widespread business "
"practice, but it is not against business. When businesses respect the "
@@ -1041,7 +1107,7 @@
"дÑÐ»Ð¾Ð²Ñ Ð¿ÑакÑикÑ, але вона не пÑоÑи
пÑдпÑиÑмниÑÑва. Ðоли пÑдпÑиÑмÑÑва "
"поважаÑÑÑ ÑÐ²Ð¾Ð±Ð¾Ð´Ñ ÐºÐ¾ÑиÑÑÑваÑÑв, ми
бажаÑмо Ñм ÑÑпÑÑ
Ñ."
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"Selling copies of Emacs demonstrates one kind of free software business. "
"When the FSF took over that business, I needed another way to make a "
@@ -1058,7 +1124,7 @@
"ÑозÑобка пÑогÑам (здебÑлÑÑого —
пеÑенеÑÐµÐ½Ð½Ñ GCC на Ð½Ð¾Ð²Ñ "
"плаÑÑоÑми)."
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"Today each of these kinds of free software business is practiced by a number "
"of corporations. Some distribute free software collections on CD-ROM; "
@@ -1074,14 +1140,24 @@
"вÑлÑними пÑогÑамами Ñ Ð·Ð¾ÑеÑÐµÐ´Ð¶ÐµÐ½Ñ Ð½Ð°
випÑÑÐºÑ Ð½Ð¾Ð²Ð¸Ñ
вÑлÑниÑ
пÑогÑамниÑ
"
"пÑодÑкÑÑв."
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "Watch out, though—a number of companies that associate themselves "
+#| "with the term “open source” actually base their business on "
+#| "nonfree software that works with free software. These are not free "
+#| "software companies, they are proprietary software companies whose "
+#| "products tempt users away from freedom. They call these programs “"
+#| "value-added packages”, which shows the values they would like us to "
+#| "adopt: convenience above freedom. If we value freedom more, we should "
+#| "call them “freedom-subtracted” packages."
msgid ""
"Watch out, though—a number of companies that associate themselves with "
"the term “open source” actually base their business on nonfree "
"software that works with free software. These are not free software "
"companies, they are proprietary software companies whose products tempt "
"users away from freedom. They call these programs “value-added "
-"packages”, which shows the values they would like us to adopt: "
+"packages,” which shows the values they would like us to adopt: "
"convenience above freedom. If we value freedom more, we should call them "
"“freedom-subtracted” packages."
msgstr ""
@@ -1095,11 +1171,11 @@
"заÑвоÑÑи: пÑÑоÑиÑÐµÑ Ð·ÑÑÑноÑÑÑ Ð½Ð°Ð´
ÑвободоÑ. ЯкÑо ми ÑÑнÑÑмо ÑÐ²Ð¾Ð±Ð¾Ð´Ñ Ð±ÑлÑÑе, "
"ми Ð¿Ð¾Ð²Ð¸Ð½Ð½Ñ Ð½Ð°Ð·Ð¸Ð²Ð°Ñи ÑÑ Ð¿Ð°ÐºÐµÑи
“пакеÑами з деÑÑÑиÑом Ñвободи”."
-#. type: Content of: <h3>
+#. type: Content of: <div><h3>
msgid "Technical goals"
msgstr "ТеÑ
нÑÑÐ½Ñ ÑÑлÑ"
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"The principal goal of GNU is to be free software. Even if GNU had no "
"technical advantage over Unix, it would have a social advantage, allowing "
@@ -1110,7 +1186,7 @@
"дозвÑл коÑиÑÑÑваÑам ÑпÑвпÑаÑÑваÑи, Ñ
еÑиÑна пеÑевага - повага Ñвободи "
"коÑиÑÑÑваÑа."
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"But it was natural to apply the known standards of good practice to the "
"work—for example, dynamically allocating data structures to avoid "
@@ -1122,7 +1198,7 @@
"ÑникнÑÑи довÑлÑниÑ
ÑÑкÑованиÑ
обмеженÑ
на ÑозмÑÑ, або обÑÐ¾Ð±ÐºÑ Ð²ÑÑÑ
можливиÑ
"
"8-ÑозÑÑдниÑ
кодÑв ÑкÑÑзÑ, де Ñе Ð¼Ð°Ñ ÑенÑ."
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"In addition, we rejected the Unix focus on small memory size, by deciding "
"not to support 16-bit machines (it was clear that 32-bit machines would be "
@@ -1141,7 +1217,7 @@
"Ñайл в пам'ÑÑÑ, а поÑÑм ÑканÑваÑи його
вмÑÑÑ, не ÑÑÑбÑÑÑиÑÑ Ð¿ÑовведеннÑ-"
"виведеннÑ."
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"These decisions enabled many GNU programs to surpass their Unix counterparts "
"in reliability and speed."
@@ -1149,11 +1225,11 @@
"ÐавдÑки Ñим ÑÑÑеннÑм багаÑо пÑогÑам GNU
змогли пеÑевеÑÑиÑи ÑÐ²Ð¾Ñ Ð°Ð½Ð°Ð»Ð¾Ð³Ð¸Ð· "
"Unix по надÑйноÑÑÑ Ñ ÑвидкоÑÑÑ."
-#. type: Content of: <h3>
+#. type: Content of: <div><h3>
msgid "Donated computers"
msgstr "ÐодаÑÐ¾Ð²Ð°Ð½Ñ ÐºÐ¾Ð¼Ð¿'ÑÑеÑи"
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"As the GNU Project's reputation grew, people began offering to donate "
"machines running Unix to the project. These were very useful, because the "
@@ -1168,7 +1244,7 @@
"зв'ÑÐ·ÐºÑ Ð· Ñим виникла еÑиÑна пÑоблема: Ñи
вÑÑним Ñ Ñе, Ñо Ñ Ð½Ð°Ñ Ð²Ð·Ð°Ð³Ð°Ð»Ñ Ð±Ñла "
"копÑÑ Unix."
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"Unix was (and is) proprietary software, and the GNU Project's philosophy "
"said that we should not use proprietary software. But, applying the same "
@@ -1184,7 +1260,7 @@
"коли Ñе кÑиÑиÑно Ð´Ð»Ñ ÑозÑобки вÑлÑноÑ
замÑни, Ñка допомогла б ÑнÑим "
"пÑипиниÑи коÑиÑÑÑваÑиÑÑ Ñим невÑлÑним
пакеÑом."
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"But, even if this was a justifiable evil, it was still an evil. Today we no "
"longer have any copies of Unix, because we have replaced them with free "
@@ -1196,11 +1272,11 @@
"ЯкÑо ми не могли замÑниÑи опеÑаÑÑйнÑ
ÑиÑÑÐµÐ¼Ñ Ð¼Ð°Ñинина вÑлÑнÑ, ми замÑÑÑÑ "
"ÑÑого замÑнÑвали маÑинÑ."
-#. type: Content of: <h3>
+#. type: Content of: <div><h3>
msgid "The GNU Task List"
msgstr "СпиÑок Ð·Ð°Ð²Ð´Ð°Ð½Ñ GNU"
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"As the GNU Project proceeded, and increasing numbers of system components "
"were found or developed, eventually it became useful to make a list of the "
@@ -1218,13 +1294,20 @@
"ÑнÑÑ ÐºÐ¾ÑиÑÐ½Ñ Ð¿ÑоекÑи з напиÑÐ°Ð½Ð½Ñ Ð¿ÑогÑам
Ñ Ð´Ð¾ÐºÑменÑаÑÑÑ, ÑкÑ, Ñк ми дÑмали, "
"зобов'Ñзана ÑÑÑимÑваÑи по-ÑпÑавжнÑомÑ
повна ÑиÑÑема."
-#. type: Content of: <p>
-msgid ""
-"Today (1), hardly any Unix components are left in the GNU Task List—"
-"those jobs had been done, aside from a few inessential ones. But the list "
-"is full of projects that some might call “applications”. Any "
-"program that appeals to more than a narrow class of users would be a useful "
-"thing to add to an operating system."
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "Today (1), hardly any Unix components are left in the GNU Task List—"
+#| "those jobs had been done, aside from a few inessential ones. But the "
+#| "list is full of projects that some might call “"
+#| "applications”. Any program that appeals to more than a narrow "
+#| "class of users would be a useful thing to add to an operating system."
+msgid ""
+"Today <a href=\"#ft6\">[6]</a>, hardly any Unix components are left in "
+"the GNU Task List—those jobs had been done, aside from a few "
+"inessential ones. But the list is full of projects that some might call "
+"“applications.” Any program that appeals to more than a narrow "
+"class of users would be a useful thing to add to an operating system."
msgstr ""
"СÑÐ¾Ð³Ð¾Ð´Ð½Ñ (1) Ñ “СпиÑÐºÑ Ð·Ð°Ð²Ð´Ð°Ð½Ñ GNU”
навÑÑд Ñи залиÑилиÑÑ ÑкÑ-"
"небÑÐ´Ñ ÐºÐ¾Ð¼Ð¿Ð¾Ð½ÐµÐ½Ñи Unix вÑÑ ÑÑ
Ð·Ð°Ð²Ð´Ð°Ð½Ð½Ñ Ð±Ñли виконанÑ, кÑÑм "
@@ -1233,7 +1316,7 @@
"пÑÐ¸Ð²Ð°Ð±Ð»Ð¸Ð²Ñ Ð±ÑлÑÑе, нÑж Ð´Ð»Ñ Ð²ÑзÑкого клаÑÑ
коÑиÑÑÑваÑÑв, бÑло б коÑиÑно "
"додаÑи до опеÑаÑÑÐ¹Ð½Ð¾Ñ ÑиÑÑеми."
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"Even games are included in the task list—and have been since the "
"beginning. Unix included games, so naturally GNU should too. But "
@@ -1247,35 +1330,28 @@
"ÑпиÑокÑгоÑ, ÑÐºÑ Ð±Ñли в Unix. ÐамÑÑÑÑ ÑÑого ми
запиÑали ÑÑлий ÑпекÑÑ ÑÑзного "
"ÑодÑÑгоÑ, ÑÐºÑ Ð¼Ð¾Ð³Ð»Ð¸ б ÑподобаÑиÑÑ
коÑиÑÑÑваÑам."
-#. type: Content of: <p>
-msgid ""
-"(1) That was written in 1998. In 2009 we no longer maintain a long task "
-"list. The community develops free software so fast that we can't even keep "
-"track of it all. Instead, we have a list of High Priority Projects, a much "
-"shorter list of projects we really want to encourage people to write."
-msgstr ""
-"(1) Це бÑло напиÑано в 1998 ÑоÑÑ. Ðз 2009 ÑÐ¾ÐºÑ Ð¼Ð¸
бÑлÑÑе не пÑдÑÑимÑÑмо "
-"довгий ÑпиÑок завданÑ. СпÑвÑоваÑиÑÑво
ÑозÑоблÑÑ Ð²ÑлÑÐ½Ñ Ð¿ÑогÑами Ñак Ñвидко, "
-"Ñо ми не можемо навÑÑÑ Ð²ÑдÑлÑдковÑваÑи ÑÑ
ÑÑÑ. ÐамÑÑÑÑ ÑÑого Ñ Ð½Ð°Ñ Ñ ÑпиÑок "
-"виÑокопÑÑоÑиÑеÑниÑ
пÑоекÑÑв - набагаÑо
коÑоÑÑий ÑпиÑок пÑоекÑÑв, до "
-"здÑйÑÐ½ÐµÐ½Ð½Ñ ÑкиÑ
ми Ñ
оÑемо заоÑ
оÑиÑи лÑдей
пеÑÑ Ð·Ð° вÑе."
-
-#. type: Content of: <h3>
+#. type: Content of: <div><h3>
msgid "The GNU Library GPL"
msgstr "ÐÑблÑоÑеÑна GNU GPL"
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "The GNU C library uses a special kind of copyleft called the GNU Library "
+#| "General Public License(1), which gives permission to link proprietary "
+#| "software with the library. Why make this exception?"
msgid ""
"The GNU C library uses a special kind of copyleft called the GNU Library "
-"General Public License(1), which gives permission to link proprietary "
-"software with the library. Why make this exception?"
+"General Public License <a href=\"#ft7\">[7]</a>, which gives "
+"permission to link proprietary software with the library. Why make this "
+"exception?"
msgstr ""
"ÐÑблÑоÑека GNU Ð¡Ñ Ð²Ð¸ÐºÐ¾ÑиÑÑовÑÑ Ð¾Ñобливий
ÑÑзновид копÑлеÑÑÑ, Ñкий "
"називаÑÑÑÑÑ ÐÑблÑоÑеÑÐ½Ð¾Ñ ÑÑандаÑÑноÑ
гÑомадÑÑÐºÐ¾Ñ Ð»ÑÑензÑÑÑ GNU (1), Ñка "
"Ð´Ð°Ñ Ð´Ð¾Ð·Ð²Ñл компонÑваÑи з ÑÑÑÑ Ð±ÑблÑоÑекоÑ
невÑлÑÐ½Ñ Ð¿ÑогÑами. ÐавÑÑо бÑв "
"зÑоблений винÑÑок?"
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"It is not a matter of principle; there is no principle that says proprietary "
"software products are entitled to include our code. (Why contribute to a "
@@ -1288,7 +1364,7 @@
"ÐаÑÑоÑÑÐ²Ð°Ð½Ð½Ñ LGPL Ð´Ð»Ñ Ð±ÑблÑоÑеки Ð¡Ñ Ð°Ð±Ð¾ длÑ
бÑдÑ-ÑÐºÐ¾Ñ ÑнÑÐ¾Ñ Ð±ÑблÑоÑеки - Ñе "
"пиÑÐ°Ð½Ð½Ñ ÑÑÑаÑегÑÑ."
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"The C library does a generic job; every proprietary system or compiler comes "
"with a C library. Therefore, to make our C library available only to free "
@@ -1301,7 +1377,7 @@
"вÑлÑним пÑогÑамами нÑÑкоÑ
пеÑеваги — Ñе ÑÑлÑки ÑÑвоÑило б
ÑÑимÑл "
"не коÑиÑÑÑваÑиÑÑ Ð½Ð°ÑÐ¾Ñ Ð±ÑблÑоÑекоÑ."
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"One system is an exception to this: on the GNU system (and this includes GNU/"
"Linux), the GNU C library is the only C library. So the distribution terms "
@@ -1321,7 +1397,7 @@
"ÑозÑоблÑÑи вÑлÑÐ½Ñ Ð¿ÑогÑами. ÐÑÑ ÑомÑ
заÑÑоÑÑÐ²Ð°Ð½Ð½Ñ ÐÑблÑоÑеÑÐ½Ð¾Ñ GPL "
" гаÑне ÑÑÑаÑегÑÑне ÑÑÑÐµÐ½Ð½Ñ Ð´Ð»Ñ
бÑблÑоÑеки СÑ."
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"For other libraries, the strategic decision needs to be considered on a case-"
"by-case basis. When a library does a special job that can help write "
@@ -1336,7 +1412,7 @@
"вÑлÑниÑ
пÑогÑам, надаÑÑи Ñм пеÑевагÑ
пеÑед невÑлÑним пÑогÑамним "
"забезпеÑеннÑм."
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"Consider GNU Readline, a library that was developed to provide command-line "
"editing for BASH. Readline is released under the ordinary GNU GPL, not the "
@@ -1352,7 +1428,7 @@
"пÑогÑÐ°Ð¼Ð¾Ñ Ñаме Ð´Ð»Ñ Ñого, Ñоб вÑн мÑг
викоÑиÑÑовÑваÑи Readline, а Ñе ÑеалÑний "
"вигÑÐ°Ñ Ð´Ð»Ñ ÑпÑлÑноÑи."
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"Proprietary software developers have the advantages money provides; free "
"software developers need to make advantages for each other. I hope some day "
@@ -1369,24 +1445,11 @@
"пÑогÑам, доповнÑваÑимеÑÑÑÑ Ñа з ÑаÑом
ÑÑане ÑеÑйозним важелем Ð´Ð»Ñ Ð¿Ð¾Ð´Ð°Ð»ÑÑого "
"ÑозвиÑÐºÑ Ð²ÑлÑниÑ
пÑогÑам."
-#. type: Content of: <p>
-msgid ""
-"(1) This license is now called the GNU Lesser General Public License, to "
-"avoid giving the idea that all libraries ought to use it. See <a href=\"/"
-"philosophy/why-not-lgpl.html\">Why you shouldn't use the Lesser GPL for your "
-"next library</a> for more information."
-msgstr ""
-"(1) Ð¦Ñ Ð»ÑÑензÑÑ Ð·Ð°Ñаз називаÑÑÑÑÑ ÐенÑоÑ
ÑÑандаÑÑÐ½Ð¾Ñ Ð³ÑомадÑÑÐºÐ¾Ñ Ð»ÑÑензÑÑÑ "
-"GNU, Ñоб не наводиÑи на дÑмкÑ, нÑби вÑÑ
бÑблÑоÑеки зобов'ÑÐ·Ð°Ð½Ñ ÐºÐ¾ÑиÑÑÑваÑиÑÑ "
-"неÑ. ÐодÑобиÑÑ Ð´Ð¸Ð². Ñ ÑÑаÑÑÑ <a
href=\"/philosophy/why-not-lgpl.html"
-"\">“Ð§Ð¾Ð¼Ñ Ð²Ð°Ð¼ не ÑлÑд заÑÑоÑовÑваÑи ÐенÑÑ
GPL Ð´Ð»Ñ ÑвоÑÑ Ð½Ð°ÑÑÑÐ¿Ð½Ð¾Ñ "
-"бÑблÑоÑеки”</a>."
-
-#. type: Content of: <h3>
+#. type: Content of: <div><h3>
msgid "Scratching an itch?"
msgstr "ТвоÑÑа неÑеÑплÑÑка?"
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"Eric Raymond says that “Every good work of software starts by "
"scratching a developer's personal itch.” Maybe that happens sometimes, "
@@ -1400,7 +1463,7 @@
"ÑозÑÐ¾Ð±Ð»ÐµÐ½Ñ Ð´Ð»Ñ Ñого, Ñоб оÑÑимаÑи повнÑ
вÑлÑÐ½Ñ Ð¾Ð¿ÐµÑаÑÑÐ¹Ð½Ñ ÑиÑÑемÑ. ÐÑ
"
"поÑодило ÑÑÑаÑегÑÑне планÑваннÑ, а не
ÑмпÑлÑÑ."
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"For example, we developed the GNU C library because a Unix-like system needs "
"a C library, BASH because a Unix-like system needs a shell, and GNU tar "
@@ -1413,7 +1476,7 @@
"Unix поÑÑÑбна пÑогÑама tar. Те ж Ñаме вÑÑно Ñ
Ð´Ð»Ñ Ð¼Ð¾ÑÑ
влаÑниÑ
пÑогÑам "
"— компÑлÑÑÐ¾Ñ GNU СÑ, GNU Emacs Ñ GNU Make. "
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"Some GNU programs were developed to cope with specific threats to our "
"freedom. Thus, we developed gzip to replace the Compress program, which had "
@@ -1434,7 +1497,7 @@
"Guard, Ñоб замÑниÑи попÑлÑÑÐ½Ñ Ð½ÐµÐ²ÑлÑнÑ
пÑогÑÐ°Ð¼Ñ ÑиÑÑÑваннÑ, ÑÐ¾Ð¼Ñ Ñо "
"коÑиÑÑÑваÑÑ Ð½Ðµ Ð¿Ð¾Ð²Ð¸Ð½Ð½Ñ Ð²Ð¸Ð±Ð¸ÑаÑи мÑж
конÑÑденÑÑйнÑÑÑÑ Ñ ÑвободоÑ."
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"Of course, the people writing these programs became interested in the work, "
"and many features were added to them by various people for the sake of their "
@@ -1444,11 +1507,11 @@
"Ñ ÑÑÐ·Ð½Ñ Ð»Ñди додали до ÑиÑ
пÑогÑам багаÑо
можливоÑÑей Ð´Ð»Ñ Ð·Ð°Ð´Ð¾Ð²Ð¾Ð»ÐµÐ½Ð½Ñ ÑвоÑÑ
"
"влаÑниÑ
поÑÑеб Ñа ÑнÑеÑеÑÑв. Ðле Ñе не
пÑиÑина ÑÑнÑÐ²Ð°Ð½Ð½Ñ ÑиÑ
пÑогÑам."
-#. type: Content of: <h3>
+#. type: Content of: <div><h3>
msgid "Unexpected developments"
msgstr "ÐеÑподÑÐ²Ð°Ð½Ñ ÑозÑобки"
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"At the beginning of the GNU Project, I imagined that we would develop the "
"whole GNU system, then release it as a whole. That is not how it happened."
@@ -1456,7 +1519,7 @@
"Ðа поÑаÑÐºÑ Ð¿ÑоекÑÑ GNU Ñ ÑÑвлÑв ÑобÑ, Ñо ми
ÑозÑобимо вÑÑ ÑиÑÑÐµÐ¼Ñ GNU, а "
"поÑÑм випÑÑÑимо ÑÑ ÑÑлком. Ðле вийÑло
по-ÑнÑомÑ."
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"Since each component of the GNU system was implemented on a Unix system, "
"each component could run on Unix systems long before a complete GNU system "
@@ -1470,7 +1533,7 @@
"пеÑеноÑиÑи ÑÑ
на ÑÑÐ·Ð½Ñ Ð½ÐµÑÑмÑÑнÑ
веÑÑÑÑ Unix, а ÑÐ½Ð¾Ð´Ñ Ñ Ð½Ð° ÑнÑÑ "
"ÑиÑÑеми."
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"The process made these programs much more powerful, and attracted both funds "
"and contributors to the GNU Project. But it probably also delayed "
@@ -1486,11 +1549,11 @@
"Ð´Ð¾Ð´Ð°Ð²Ð°Ð½Ð½Ñ Ð¼Ð¾Ð¶Ð»Ð¸Ð²Ð¾ÑÑей до ÑÑнÑÑÑиÑ
компоненÑÑв, замÑÑÑÑ Ñого Ñоб пеÑеÑ
одиÑи "
"до напиÑÐ°Ð½Ð½Ñ Ð¾Ð´Ð½Ð¾Ð³Ð¾ вÑдÑÑÑнÑого
компоненÑа за ÑнÑим."
-#. type: Content of: <h3>
+#. type: Content of: <div><h3>
msgid "The GNU Hurd"
msgstr "GNU Hurd"
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"By 1990, the GNU system was almost complete; the only major missing "
"component was the kernel. We had decided to implement our kernel as a "
@@ -1510,7 +1573,7 @@
"вÑддаливÑÑ, бо ми Ñекали, коли Mach
випÑÑÑÑÑÑ Ð² ÑкоÑÑÑ Ð²ÑлÑÐ½Ð¾Ñ Ð¿ÑогÑами, Ñк "
"бÑло обÑÑÑно."
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"One reason for choosing this design was to avoid what seemed to be the "
"hardest part of the job: debugging a kernel program without a source-level "
@@ -1529,11 +1592,11 @@
"виÑвилиÑÑ Ð´Ñже важкими в налагодженнÑ.
ÐоÑÑÐ³Ð½ÐµÐ½Ð½Ñ ÑÑабÑлÑÐ½Ð¾Ñ ÑобоÑи Hurd "
"ÑозÑÑгнÑлоÑÑ Ð½Ð° Ð´Ð¾Ð²Ð³Ñ Ñоки."
-#. type: Content of: <h3>
+#. type: Content of: <div><h3>
msgid "Alix"
msgstr "Alix"
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"The GNU kernel was not originally supposed to be called the Hurd. Its "
"original name was Alix—named after the woman who was my sweetheart at "
@@ -1550,7 +1613,7 @@
"ÑеÑÑÑ”. Я нÑÑого не вÑдповÑв, але
виÑÑÑив зÑобиÑи Ñй ÑÑÑпÑиз, назвавÑи "
"ÑдÑо “Alix”."
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"It did not stay that way. Michael (now Thomas) Bushnell, the main developer "
"of the kernel, preferred the name Hurd, and redefined Alix to refer to a "
@@ -1562,7 +1625,7 @@
"ÑаÑÑÐ¸Ð½Ñ ÑдÑа ÑÑ, Ñо пеÑеÑ
оплÑвала
ÑиÑÑÐµÐ¼Ð½Ñ Ð²Ð¸ÐºÐ»Ð¸ÐºÐ¸ Ñа обÑоблÑла "
"ÑÑ
, ÑозÑилаÑÑи повÑÐ´Ð¾Ð¼Ð»ÐµÐ½Ð½Ñ ÑеÑвеÑÑв Hurd."
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"Later, Alix and I broke up, and she changed her name; independently, the "
"Hurd design was changed so that the C library would send messages directly "
@@ -1573,7 +1636,7 @@
"повÑÐ´Ð¾Ð¼Ð»ÐµÐ½Ð½Ñ ÑеÑвеÑÑв безпоÑеÑеднÑо, Ñ Ð²
ÑезÑлÑÑаÑÑ ÐºÐ¾Ð¼Ð¿Ð¾Ð½ÐµÐ½Ñ Alix зник з "
"ÑиÑÑеми."
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"But before these things happened, a friend of hers came across the name Alix "
"in the Hurd source code, and mentioned it to her. So she did have the "
@@ -1583,11 +1646,11 @@
"Alix” Ñ Ð²Ð¸Ñ
ÑÐ´Ð½Ð¾Ð¼Ñ ÑекÑÑÑ Hurd Ñ Ð·Ð³Ð°Ð´Ð°Ð² пÑо
Ñе в ÑÐ¾Ð·Ð¼Ð¾Ð²Ñ Ð· неÑ. Так Ñо "
"можливÑÑÑÑ Ð·Ð½Ð°Ð¹Ñи ÑдÑо, назване на ÑÑ
ÑеÑÑÑ, Ñ Ð½ÐµÑ Ð±Ñла."
-#. type: Content of: <h3>
+#. type: Content of: <div><h3>
msgid "Linux and GNU/Linux"
msgstr "Linux Ñа GNU/Linux"
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"The GNU Hurd is not suitable for production use, and we don't know if it "
"ever will be. The capability-based design has problems that result directly "
@@ -1599,7 +1662,7 @@
"поÑенÑÑйниÑ
можливоÑÑей, Ñ Ð¿Ñоблеми, Ñо
випливаÑÑÑ Ð±ÐµÐ·Ð¿Ð¾ÑеÑеднÑо з гнÑÑкоÑÑÑ "
"аÑÑ
ÑÑекÑÑÑи Ñ Ð½ÐµÐ·ÑозÑмÑло, Ñи можна ÑÑ
виÑÑÑиÑи."
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"Fortunately, another kernel is available. In 1991, Linus Torvalds developed "
"a Unix-compatible kernel and called it Linux. It was proprietary at first, "
@@ -1615,12 +1678,20 @@
"бÑло Ñамо по ÑÐ¾Ð±Ñ Ð²ÐµÐ»Ð¸ÐºÐ¾Ñ ÑобоÑоÑ.) Саме
завдÑки Linux ми можемо ÑÑÐ¾Ð³Ð¾Ð´Ð½Ñ Ð¿Ð¾ "
"ÑпÑавжнÑÐ¾Ð¼Ñ Ð¿ÑаÑÑваÑи на однÑй з веÑÑÑй
ÑиÑÑеми GNU."
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "We call this system version <a href=\"/gnu/linux-and-gnu.html\"> GNU/"
+#| "Linux</a>, to express its composition as a combination of the GNU system "
+#| "with Linux as the kernel. Please don't fall into the practice of calling "
+#| "the whole system “Linux”, since that means attributing our "
+#| "work to someone else. Please <a href=\"/gnu/gnu-linux-faq.html\"> give "
+#| "us equal mention</a>."
msgid ""
"We call this system version <a href=\"/gnu/linux-and-gnu.html\"> GNU/Linux</"
"a>, to express its composition as a combination of the GNU system with Linux "
"as the kernel. Please don't fall into the practice of calling the whole "
-"system “Linux”, since that means attributing our work to someone "
+"system “Linux,” since that means attributing our work to someone "
"else. Please <a href=\"/gnu/gnu-linux-faq.html\"> give us equal mention</a>."
msgstr ""
"Ðи називаÑмо ÑÑ Ð²ÐµÑÑÑÑ ÑиÑÑеми “<a
href=\"/gnu/linux-and-gnu.html"
@@ -1630,11 +1701,11 @@
"href=\"/gnu/gnu-linux-faq.html\"> ÐгадÑйÑе, бÑÐ´Ñ Ð»Ð°Ñка,
належним Ñином Ñ "
"наÑ</a>."
-#. type: Content of: <h3>
+#. type: Content of: <div><h3>
msgid "Challenges in our future"
msgstr "Ðиклики Ñ Ð¼Ð°Ð¹Ð±ÑÑнÑомÑ"
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"We have proved our ability to develop a broad spectrum of free software. "
"This does not mean we are invincible and unstoppable. Several challenges "
@@ -1649,15 +1720,15 @@
"наполегливоÑÑÑ, ÑÐ½Ð¾Ð´Ñ Ð¿ÑоÑÑгом довгиÑ
ÑокÑв. Це Ð²Ð¸Ð¼Ð°Ð³Ð°Ñ ÑÑÑÑÑоÑÑÑ, ÑÐºÑ "
"виÑвлÑÑÑÑ Ð»Ñди, коли вони ÑÑнÑÑÑÑ ÑвоÑ
ÑÐ²Ð¾Ð±Ð¾Ð´Ñ Ñ Ð½Ðµ даÑÑÑ Ð½ÑÐºÐ¾Ð¼Ñ Ð·Ð°Ð±ÑаÑи ÑÑ."
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid "The following four sections discuss these challenges."
msgstr "У наÑÑÑпниÑ
ÑоÑиÑÑоÑ
ÑоздÑлаÑ
обговоÑÑÑÑÑÑÑ ÑÑ Ð²Ð¸ÐºÐ»Ð¸ÐºÐ¸."
-#. type: Content of: <h3>
+#. type: Content of: <div><h3>
msgid "Secret hardware"
msgstr "СекÑеÑна апаÑаÑÑÑа"
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"Hardware manufacturers increasingly tend to keep hardware specifications "
"secret. This makes it difficult to write free drivers so that Linux and "
@@ -1670,7 +1741,7 @@
"СÑÐ¾Ð³Ð¾Ð´Ð½Ñ Ñ Ð½Ð°Ñ Ñ Ð¿Ð¾Ð²Ð½Ñ Ð²ÑлÑÐ½Ñ ÑиÑÑеми, але
Ñ Ð½Ð°Ñ Ð½Ðµ бÑде ÑÑ
завÑÑа, ÑкÑо ми "
"не зможемо пÑдÑÑимÑваÑи завÑÑаÑнÑ
комп'ÑÑеÑи."
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"There are two ways to cope with this problem. Programmers can do reverse "
"engineering to figure out how to support the hardware. The rest of us can "
@@ -1683,14 +1754,22 @@
"Ñого, Ñк наÑÑ ÑÑди бÑдÑÑÑ Ð¿Ð¾Ð¿Ð¾Ð²Ð½ÑваÑиÑÑ,
збеÑÑгаÑи ÑпеÑиÑÑкаÑÑÑ Ð² ÑекÑеÑÑ "
"бÑде ÑÑаваÑи каÑаÑÑÑоÑÑÑно невигÑдно."
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "Reverse engineering is a big job; will we have programmers with "
+#| "sufficient determination to undertake it? Yes—if we have built up a "
+#| "strong feeling that free software is a matter of principle, and nonfree "
+#| "drivers are intolerable. And will large numbers of us spend extra money, "
+#| "or even a little extra time, so we can use free drivers? Yes, if the "
+#| "determination to have freedom is widespread."
msgid ""
"Reverse engineering is a big job; will we have programmers with sufficient "
"determination to undertake it? Yes—if we have built up a strong "
"feeling that free software is a matter of principle, and nonfree drivers are "
"intolerable. And will large numbers of us spend extra money, or even a "
"little extra time, so we can use free drivers? Yes, if the determination to "
-"have freedom is widespread."
+"have freedom is widespread. <a href=\"#ft8\">[8]</a>"
msgstr ""
"ÐвоÑоÑна ÑозÑобка - велика ÑобоÑа; Ñи
бÑдÑÑÑ Ñ Ð½Ð°Ñ Ð¿ÑогÑамÑÑÑи, ÑÑÑÑÑоÑÑÑ "
"ÑкиÑ
виÑÑаÑило б на ÑÑ Ð·Ð´ÑйÑненнÑ? Так,
ÑкÑо ми виÑ
оваÑмо ÑÑÑÐ¹ÐºÑ "
@@ -1699,23 +1778,11 @@
"ÑаÑÑ, Ñоб ми могли коÑиÑÑÑваÑиÑÑ Ð²ÑлÑними
дÑайвеÑами? Так, ÑкÑо ÑÑÑÑÑÑÑÑÑ "
"володÑÑи ÑÐ²Ð¾Ð±Ð¾Ð´Ð¾Ñ Ð½Ðµ бÑде ÑÑдкÑÑÑÑ."
-#. type: Content of: <p>
-msgid ""
-"(2008 note: this issue extends to the BIOS as well. There is a free BIOS, "
-"<a href=\"http://www.libreboot.org/\";>LibreBoot</a> (a distribution of "
-"coreboot); the problem is getting specs for machines so that LibreBoot can "
-"support them without nonfree “blobs”.)"
-msgstr ""
-"(ÐаÑÐ²Ð°Ð¶ÐµÐ½Ð½Ñ 2008 ÑокÑ: ÑÑ Ð¿Ñоблема Ñакож
ÑÑоÑÑÑÑÑÑÑ BIOS. ÐÑнÑÑ Ð²ÑлÑна "
-"BIOS, <a
href=\"http://www.libreboot.org/\";>LibreBoot</a>(диÑÑÑибÑÑив "
-"coreboot); пÑоблема полÑÐ³Ð°Ñ Ð² оÑÑиманнÑ
ÑпеÑиÑÑкаÑÑй на маÑини, Ñоб "
-"LibreBoot мÑг ÑÑ
пÑдÑÑимÑваÑи без невÑлÑниÑ
лÑпок.)"
-
-#. type: Content of: <h3>
+#. type: Content of: <div><h3>
msgid "Nonfree libraries"
msgstr "ÐевÑлÑÐ½Ñ Ð±ÑблÑоÑеки"
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"A nonfree library that runs on free operating systems acts as a trap for "
"free software developers. The library's attractive features are the bait; "
@@ -1734,7 +1801,7 @@
"ÑкÑо пÑогÑама, Ñка коÑиÑÑÑÑÑÑÑÑ Ð½ÐµÐ²ÑлÑноÑ
бÑблÑоÑекоÑ, ÑÑÐ°Ñ Ð¿Ð¾Ð¿ÑлÑÑноÑ, вона "
"може заманиÑи в паÑÑÐºÑ ÑнÑиÑ
нÑÑого не
пÑдозÑÑÑÑиÑ
пÑогÑамÑÑÑÑв."
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"The first instance of this problem was the Motif toolkit, back in the 80s. "
"Although there were as yet no free operating systems, it was clear what "
@@ -1754,7 +1821,7 @@
"“ÐÐ¾Ð»Ð¾Ð´Ð½Ñ Ð¿ÑогÑамÑÑÑи”, ÑÑала
доÑÑаÑнÑо еÑекÑивноÑ, Ñоб "
"пÑдÑÑимÑваÑи бÑлÑÑÑÑÑÑ Ð´Ð¾Ð´Ð°ÑкÑв Motif,
ÑÑлÑки в 1997 ÑоÑÑ."
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"Between 1996 and 1998, another nonfree <abbr title=\"Graphical User Interface"
"\">GUI</abbr> toolkit library, called Qt, was used in a substantial "
@@ -1765,7 +1832,7 @@
"коÑиÑÑÑваÑа, названа Qt, заÑÑоÑовÑвалаÑÑ
Ð´Ð»Ñ Ð·Ð½Ð°Ñного маÑÐ¸Ð²Ñ Ð²ÑлÑниÑ
пÑогÑам "
"Ñ Ð³ÑаÑÑÑÐ½Ð¾Ð¼Ñ ÑеÑедовиÑÑ <abbr title=\"K Desktop
Environment\">KDE</abbr>."
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"Free GNU/Linux systems were unable to use KDE, because we could not use the "
"library. However, some commercial distributors of GNU/Linux systems who "
@@ -1783,7 +1850,7 @@
"заÑÑоÑовÑваÑи Qt, Ñ Ð¼ÑлÑйони новиÑ
коÑиÑÑÑваÑÑв Linux нÑколи не оÑÑвала "
"дÑмка, Ñо ÑÑÑ Ñ ÑкаÑÑ Ð¿Ñоблема. СÑановиÑе
бÑло дÑже ÑÑмним."
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"The free software community responded to the problem in two ways: GNOME and "
"Harmony."
@@ -1791,7 +1858,7 @@
"СпÑлÑноÑа вÑлÑного пÑогÑамного
забезпеÑÐµÐ½Ð½Ñ Ð²ÑдповÑло на пÑÐ¾Ð±Ð»ÐµÐ¼Ñ "
"двомазаÑ
одами: ÑеÑедовиÑем GNOME Ñ
бÑблÑоÑÐµÐºÐ¾Ñ Harmony."
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"GNOME, the GNU Network Object Model Environment, is GNU's desktop project. "
"Started in 1997 by Miguel de Icaza, and developed with the support of Red "
@@ -1808,7 +1875,7 @@
"головним його пÑизнаÑеннÑм бÑла Ñвобода:
не поÑÑÑбно бÑло коÑиÑÑÑваÑиÑÑ "
"жодними невÑлÑними пÑогÑамами."
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"Harmony is a compatible replacement library, designed to make it possible to "
"run KDE software without using Qt."
@@ -1816,13 +1883,22 @@
"Harmony - ÑÑмÑÑна бÑблÑоÑека Ð´Ð»Ñ Ð·Ð°Ð¼Ñни,
ÑпÑоекÑована Ð´Ð»Ñ Ñого, аби бÑло "
"можливо виконÑваÑи пÑогÑами KDE без Qt."
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "In November 1998, the developers of Qt announced a change of license "
+#| "which, when carried out, should make Qt free software. There is no way "
+#| "to be sure, but I think that this was partly due to the community's firm "
+#| "response to the problem that Qt posed when it was nonfree. (The new "
+#| "license is inconvenient and inequitable, so it remains desirable to avoid "
+#| "using Qt.)"
msgid ""
"In November 1998, the developers of Qt announced a change of license which, "
"when carried out, should make Qt free software. There is no way to be sure, "
"but I think that this was partly due to the community's firm response to the "
"problem that Qt posed when it was nonfree. (The new license is inconvenient "
-"and inequitable, so it remains desirable to avoid using Qt.)"
+"and inequitable, so it remains desirable to avoid using Qt. <a href="
+"\"#ft9\">[9]</a>)"
msgstr ""
"У лиÑÑÐ¾Ð¿Ð°Ð´Ñ 1998 ÑÐ¾ÐºÑ ÑозÑобники Qt
оголоÑили пÑо змÑÐ½Ñ Ð»ÑÑензÑÑ, Ñка, "
"коли вона бÑде пÑоведена, повинна зÑобиÑи
Qt вÑлÑноÑ. Це неможливо довеÑÑи, "
@@ -1830,15 +1906,7 @@
"пÑоблемÑ, ÑÐºÑ Ð¿Ð¾Ñодила Qt, коли бÑла
невÑлÑноÑ. (Ðова лÑÑензÑÑ Ð½ÐµÐ·ÑÑÑна й "
"неÑпÑаведлива, ÑÐ¾Ð¼Ñ Ð´Ð¾ ÑиÑ
пÑÑ Ð±Ð°Ð¶Ð°Ð½Ð¾
ÑникаÑи Qt.)"
-#. type: Content of: <p>
-msgid ""
-"[Subsequent note: in September 2000, Qt was rereleased under the GNU GPL, "
-"which essentially solved this problem.]"
-msgstr ""
-"[ÐаÑÑÑпне заÑваженнÑ: Ñ Ð²ÐµÑеÑÐ½Ñ 2000 ÑÐ¾ÐºÑ Qt
бÑла випÑÑена пÑд GNU GPL, Ñо, "
-"по ÑÑÑÑ, виÑÑÑило ÑÑ Ð¿ÑоблемÑ.]"
-
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"How will we respond to the next tempting nonfree library? Will the whole "
"community understand the need to stay out of the trap? Or will many of us "
@@ -1850,21 +1918,31 @@
"зÑÑÑнÑÑÑÑ Ñ Ð¿Ð¾ÑодÑÑÑ ÑеÑÐ¹Ð¾Ð·Ð½Ñ Ð¿ÑоблемÑ?
ÐаÑе майбÑÑÐ½Ñ Ð·Ð°Ð»ÐµÐ¶Ð¸ÑÑ Ð²Ñд наÑÐ¾Ñ "
"ÑÑлоÑоÑÑÑ."
-#. type: Content of: <h3>
+#. type: Content of: <div><h3>
msgid "Software patents"
msgstr "ÐаÑенÑи на пÑогÑами"
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "The worst threat we face comes from software patents, which can put "
+#| "algorithms and features off limits to free software for up to twenty "
+#| "years. The LZW compression algorithm patents were applied for in 1983, "
+#| "and we still cannot release free software to produce proper compressed "
+#| "<abbr title=\"Graphics Interchange Format\">GIF</abbr>s. [As of 2009 "
+#| "they have expired.] In 1998, a free program to produce <abbr title="
+#| "\"MPEG-1 Audio Layer 3\">MP3</abbr> compressed audio was removed from "
+#| "distribution under threat of a patent suit. [As of 2017, these patents "
+#| "have expired. Look how long we had to wait.]"
msgid ""
"The worst threat we face comes from software patents, which can put "
"algorithms and features off limits to free software for up to twenty years. "
"The LZW compression algorithm patents were applied for in 1983, and we still "
"cannot release free software to produce proper compressed <abbr title="
-"\"Graphics Interchange Format\">GIF</abbr>s. [As of 2009 they have "
-"expired.] In 1998, a free program to produce <abbr title=\"MPEG-1 Audio "
-"Layer 3\">MP3</abbr> compressed audio was removed from distribution under "
-"threat of a patent suit. [As of 2017, these patents have expired. Look how "
-"long we had to wait.]"
+"\"Graphics Interchange Format\">GIF</abbr>s. <a href=\"#ft10\">[10]</"
+"a> In 1998, a free program to produce <abbr title=\"MPEG-1 Audio Layer "
+"3\">MP3</abbr> compressed audio was removed from distribution under threat "
+"of a patent suit. <a href=\"#ft11\">[11]</a>"
msgstr ""
"ÐайнебезпеÑнÑÑа загÑоза, Ñо поÑÑала пеÑед
нами, виÑ
одиÑÑ Ð²Ñд паÑенÑÑв на "
"пÑогÑами, ÑÐºÑ Ð¼Ð¾Ð¶ÑÑÑ Ð²Ð¸Ð½Ð¾ÑиÑи алгоÑиÑми
Ñа ÑÑнкÑÑÑ Ð¿ÑогÑам за Ð¼ÐµÐ¶Ñ Ð²ÑлÑного "
@@ -1877,7 +1955,7 @@
"позовÑ. [Ðа 2017 ÑÑк ÑеÑмÑн дÑÑ ÑиÑ
паÑенÑÑв
минÑв. ÐÑÑ Ñк довго нам "
"довелоÑÑ ÑекаÑи.]"
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"There are ways to cope with patents: we can search for evidence that a "
"patent is invalid, and we can look for alternative ways to do a job. But "
@@ -1892,7 +1970,7 @@
"ÑкоÑÑÑ Ð¾ÑобливоÑÑÑ, ÑÐºÑ Ñ
оÑÑÑÑ
коÑиÑÑÑваÑÑ. ЧеÑез певний ÑÐ°Ñ Ð´ÑÑ Ð¿Ð°ÑенÑÑв "
"мине, але Ñо нам ÑобиÑи до ÑÑого?"
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"Those of us who value free software for freedom's sake will stay with free "
"software anyway. We will manage to get work done without the patented "
@@ -1912,11 +1990,11 @@
"ÑозÑобки, надÑйнÑÑÑÑ Ñ ÐµÑекÑивнÑÑÑÑ ÑкиÑ
оÑÑ Ð²ÑлÑниÑ
пÑогÑам, ми не Ð¿Ð¾Ð²Ð¸Ð½Ð½Ñ "
"на ÑÑÐ¾Ð¼Ñ Ð·ÑпинÑÑиÑÑ. Ðи Ð¿Ð¾Ð²Ð¸Ð½Ð½Ñ Ð³Ð¾Ð²Ð¾ÑиÑи
пÑо ÑÐ²Ð¾Ð±Ð¾Ð´Ñ Ñ Ð¿ÑинÑипи."
-#. type: Content of: <h3>
+#. type: Content of: <div><h3>
msgid "Free documentation"
msgstr "ÐÑлÑна докÑменÑаÑÑÑ"
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"The biggest deficiency in our free operating systems is not in the "
"software—it is the lack of good free manuals that we can include in "
@@ -1931,7 +2009,7 @@
"Ð½ÐµÐ¼Ð°Ñ Ñ
оÑоÑого вÑлÑного поÑÑбника, Ñе
ÑеÑÐ¹Ð¾Ð·Ð½Ñ ÑпÑÑеннÑ. СÑÐ¾Ð³Ð¾Ð´Ð½Ñ Ñ Ð½Ð°Ñ "
"багаÑо ÑакиÑ
пÑогалин."
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"Free documentation, like free software, is a matter of freedom, not price. "
"The criterion for a free manual is pretty much the same as for free "
@@ -1945,7 +2023,7 @@
"ÑÐ¾Ð¼Ñ ÑиÑÐ»Ñ ÐºÐ¾Ð¼ÐµÑÑÑйний пÑодаж) повинне
бÑÑи дозволено, в елекÑÑÐ¾Ð½Ð½Ð¾Ð¼Ñ "
"виглÑÐ´Ñ Ñа на папеÑÑ, Ñоб поÑÑбник мÑг
ÑÑпÑоводжÑваÑи ÐºÐ¾Ð¶Ð½Ñ ÐºÐ¾Ð¿ÑÑ Ð¿ÑогÑами."
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"Permission for modification is crucial too. As a general rule, I don't "
"believe that it is essential for people to have permission to modify all "
@@ -1958,7 +2036,7 @@
"ÐапÑиклад, Ñ Ð½Ðµ дÑмаÑ, Ñо ви або Ñ
зобов'ÑÐ·Ð°Ð½Ñ Ð´Ð°Ð²Ð°Ñи дозвÑл змÑнÑваÑи ÑÐ°ÐºÑ "
"ÑÑаÑÑÑ, Ñк ÑÑ, Ñо опиÑÑÑ Ð½Ð°ÑÑ Ð´ÑÑ Ñ Ð½Ð°ÑÑ
поглÑди."
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"But there is a particular reason why the freedom to modify is crucial for "
"documentation for free software. When people exercise their right to modify "
@@ -1975,7 +2053,7 @@
"докÑменÑаÑÑÑ. ÐевÑлÑний поÑÑбник, Ñкий не
дозволÑÑ Ð¿ÑогÑамÑÑÑам бÑÑи "
"ÑвÑдомими Ñ Ð²Ð¸ÐºÐ¾Ð½Ð°Ñи ÑобоÑÑ Ð´Ð¾ кÑнÑÑ, не
вÑдповÑÐ´Ð°Ñ Ð¿Ð¾ÑÑебам наÑÐ¾Ñ ÑпÑлÑноÑи."
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"Some kinds of limits on how modifications are done pose no problem. For "
"example, requirements to preserve the original author's copyright notice, "
@@ -1999,7 +2077,7 @@
"змÑнами в пÑогÑамÑ. ÐнÑими Ñловами, вони
не пеÑеÑкоджаÑÑÑ ÑпÑлÑноÑÑ Ð²ÑлÑного "
"пÑогÑамного забезпеÑÐµÐ½Ð½Ñ ÐºÐ¾ÑиÑÑÑваÑиÑÑ
поÑÑбником Ñ Ð¿Ð¾Ð²Ð½Ð¾Ð¼Ñ Ð¾Ð±ÑÑзÑ."
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"However, it must be possible to modify all the <em>technical</em> content of "
"the manual, and then distribute the result in all the usual media, through "
@@ -2011,7 +2089,7 @@
"звиÑайним каналам; в ÑнÑÐ¾Ð¼Ñ Ð²Ð¸Ð¿Ð°Ð´ÐºÑ ÑакÑ
Ð¾Ð±Ð¼ÐµÐ¶ÐµÐ½Ð½Ñ Ð·Ð°Ð²Ð°Ð¶Ð°ÑÑÑ Ð½Ð°ÑÑй "
"ÑпÑлÑноÑÑ, бо поÑÑбник не вÑлÑний Ñ Ð½Ð°Ð¼
поÑÑÑбно ÑнÑий поÑÑбник."
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"Will free software developers have the awareness and determination to "
"produce a full spectrum of free manuals? Once again, our future depends on "
@@ -2021,14 +2099,20 @@
"Ñоб ÑÑвоÑиÑи ÑвеÑÑ ÑпекÑÑ Ð²ÑлÑниÑ
поÑÑбникÑв? У ÑÑÐ¾Ð¼Ñ Ð²Ð¸Ð¿Ð°Ð´ÐºÑ Ð½Ð°Ñе майбÑÑÐ½Ñ "
"Ð·Ð½Ð¾Ð²Ñ Ð·Ð°Ð»ÐµÐ¶Ð¸ÑÑ Ð²Ñд ÑÑлоÑоÑÑÑ."
-#. type: Content of: <h3>
+#. type: Content of: <div><h3>
msgid "We must talk about freedom"
msgstr "Ðи Ð¿Ð¾Ð²Ð¸Ð½Ð½Ñ Ð³Ð¾Ð²Ð¾ÑиÑи пÑо ÑвободÑ"
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "Estimates today are that there are ten million users of GNU/Linux systems "
+#| "such as Debian GNU/Linux and Red Hat “Linux”. Free software "
+#| "has developed such practical advantages that users are flocking to it for "
+#| "purely practical reasons."
msgid ""
"Estimates today are that there are ten million users of GNU/Linux systems "
-"such as Debian GNU/Linux and Red Hat “Linux”. Free software has "
+"such as Debian GNU/Linux and Red Hat “Linux.” Free software has "
"developed such practical advantages that users are flocking to it for purely "
"practical reasons."
msgstr ""
@@ -2037,7 +2121,7 @@
"пÑогÑами набÑли ÑÐ°ÐºÑ Ð¿ÑакÑиÑÐ½Ñ Ð¿ÐµÑеваги,
Ñо коÑиÑÑÑваÑÑ Ð³ÑÑÑÑÑÑÑÑÑ Ð½Ð°Ð²ÐºÐ¾Ð»Ð¾ "
"ниÑ
по ÑиÑÑо пÑакÑиÑниÑ
пÑиÑинаÑ
."
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"The good consequences of this are evident: more interest in developing free "
"software, more customers for free software businesses, and more ability to "
@@ -2049,7 +2133,7 @@
"пÑдвиÑÐµÐ½Ð½Ñ Ð¼Ð¾Ð¶Ð»Ð¸Ð²Ð¾ÑÑÑ Ð·Ð°Ð¾Ñ
оÑеннÑ
компанÑй до ÑозÑобки комеÑÑÑйниÑ
вÑлÑниÑ
"
"пÑогÑам замÑÑÑÑ Ð½ÐµÐ²ÑлÑниÑ
пÑогÑамниÑ
пÑодÑкÑÑв."
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"But interest in the software is growing faster than awareness of the "
"philosophy it is based on, and this leads to trouble. Our ability to meet "
@@ -2064,7 +2148,7 @@
"пеÑедаваÑи ÑÑ Ð´ÑÐ¼ÐºÑ Ð½Ð¾Ð²Ð¸Ð¼ коÑиÑÑÑваÑам по
мÑÑÑ Ñого, Ñк вони вÑÑÑпаÑÑÑ Ñ "
"наÑÑ Ð³ÑомадÑ."
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"But we are failing to do so: the efforts to attract new users into our "
"community are far outstripping the efforts to teach them the civics of our "
@@ -2076,11 +2160,11 @@
"ÑпÑлÑноÑи. Ðам поÑÑÑбно ÑобиÑи Ñ Ñе, Ñ
ÑнÑе, доÑÑимÑÑÑиÑÑ Ð±Ð°Ð»Ð°Ð½ÑÑ Ð¼Ñж Ñими "
"двома видами дÑÑлÑноÑÑÑ."
-#. type: Content of: <h3>
+#. type: Content of: <div><h3>
msgid "“Open Source”"
msgstr "“ÐÑдкÑиÑий виÑ
Ñдний код”"
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"Teaching new users about freedom became more difficult in 1998, when a part "
"of the community decided to stop using the term “free software” "
@@ -2090,7 +2174,7 @@
"ÑаÑÑина ÑпÑлÑноÑи виÑÑÑила пÑипиниÑи
коÑиÑÑÑваÑиÑÑ ÑеÑмÑном âвÑлÑна "
"пÑогÑамаâ Ñа замÑÑÑÑ ÑÑого говоÑиÑи
âпÑогÑама з вÑдкÑиÑим виÑ
Ñдним кодомâ."
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"Some who favored this term aimed to avoid the confusion of “"
"free” with “gratis”—a valid goal. Others, however, "
@@ -2111,7 +2195,7 @@
"кодє зоÑеÑеджена на можливоÑÑÑ
оÑÑÐ¸Ð¼Ð°Ð½Ð½Ñ Ð²Ð¸ÑокоÑкÑÑниÑ
еÑекÑивниÑ
"
"пÑогÑам, але обÑ
одиÑÑ ÑÑоÑÐ¾Ð½Ð¾Ñ ÑÐ´ÐµÑ Ð²Ð¾Ð»Ñ,
ÑдноÑÑÑ Ñ Ð¿ÑинÑиповоÑÑÑ."
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"The “Linux” magazines are a clear example of this—they are "
"filled with advertisements for proprietary software that works with GNU/"
@@ -2123,7 +2207,7 @@
"з'ÑвиÑÑÑÑ Ð½Ð°ÑÑÑпний Motif або Qt, Ñи бÑдÑÑÑ ÑÑ
жÑÑнали заÑÑеÑÑгаÑи "
"пÑогÑамÑÑÑÑв вÑд нÑого або вони бÑдÑÑÑ
його ÑекламÑваÑи?"
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"The support of business can contribute to the community in many ways; all "
"else being equal, it is useful. But winning their support by speaking even "
@@ -2135,12 +2219,19 @@
"Ñе менÑе пÑо ÑÐ²Ð¾Ð±Ð¾Ð´Ñ Ñ Ð¿ÑинÑипи, Ñе може
пÑизвеÑÑи до каÑаÑÑÑоÑи; Ñе Ñе "
"бÑлÑÑе поÑилÑÑ Ð´Ð¸ÑÐ±Ð°Ð»Ð°Ð½Ñ Ð¼Ñж
попÑлÑÑнÑÑÑÑ Ñ ÑивÑлÑним виÑ
ованнÑм."
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "“Free software” and “open source” describe the "
+#| "same category of software, more or less, but say different things about "
+#| "the software, and about values. The GNU Project continues to use the "
+#| "term “free software”, to express the idea that freedom, not "
+#| "just technology, is important."
msgid ""
"“Free software” and “open source” describe the same "
"category of software, more or less, but say different things about the "
"software, and about values. The GNU Project continues to use the term "
-"“free software”, to express the idea that freedom, not just "
+"“free software,” to express the idea that freedom, not just "
"technology, is important."
msgstr ""
"“ÐÑлÑÐ½Ñ Ð¿ÑогÑами” Ñ “вÑдкÑиÑий
виÑ
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@@ -2149,11 +2240,11 @@
"вÑлÑна пÑогÑама”, Ñоб виÑловиÑи дÑмка,
Ñо Ð²Ð°Ð¶Ð»Ð¸Ð²Ð¾Ñ Ñ Ñвобода взагалÑ, "
"а не ÑÑлÑки ÑеÑ
нологÑÑ."
-#. type: Content of: <h3>
+#. type: Content of: <div><h3>
msgid "Try!"
msgstr "СпÑобÑйÑе!"
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"Yoda's aphorism (“There is no ‘try’”) sounds neat, "
"but it doesn't work for me. I have done most of my work while anxious about "
@@ -2169,7 +2260,7 @@
"ÑÐ¾Ð¼Ñ Ñо мÑж воÑогом Ñ Ð¼Ð¾Ñм мÑÑÑом не бÑло
нÑкого, кÑÑм мене. Ðа мÑй влаÑний "
"подив деÑо Ð¼ÐµÐ½Ñ Ð²Ð´Ð°Ð²Ð°Ð»Ð¾ÑÑ."
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"Sometimes I failed; some of my cities have fallen. Then I found another "
"threatened city, and got ready for another battle. Over time, I've learned "
@@ -2181,7 +2272,7 @@
"Ñ ÑÑавиÑи Ñебе мÑж ними Ñ Ð¼Ð¾Ñм мÑÑÑом,
закликаÑÑи ÑнÑиÑ
Ñ
акеÑÑв вÑÑаÑи поÑÑÑ "
"Ð·Ñ Ð¼Ð½Ð¾Ñ."
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"Nowadays, often I'm not the only one. It is a relief and a joy when I see a "
"regiment of hackers digging in to hold the line, and I realize, this city "
@@ -2197,6 +2288,195 @@
"Ðи не можемо дÑмаÑи, Ñо майбÑÑÐ½Ñ Ñвободи
забезпеÑено. Ðе дÑмайÑе Ñак! ЯкÑо "
"ви Ñ
оÑеÑе збеÑегÑи ÑÐ²Ð¾Ñ ÑвободÑ, ви
Ð¿Ð¾Ð²Ð¸Ð½Ð½Ñ Ð±ÑÑи гоÑÐ¾Ð²Ñ Ð·Ð°Ñ
иÑаÑи ÑÑ."
+#. type: Content of: <div><h3>
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid "Footnotes"
+msgid "Footnotes"
+msgstr "ÐиноÑки"
+
+#. type: Content of: <div><ol><li>
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "(1) The use of “hacker” to mean “security "
+#| "breaker” is a confusion on the part of the mass media. We hackers "
+#| "refuse to recognize that meaning, and continue using the word to mean "
+#| "someone who loves to program, someone who enjoys playful cleverness, or "
+#| "the combination of the two. See my article, <a href=\"http://stallman.";
+#| "org/articles/on-hacking.html\">On Hacking</a>."
+msgid ""
+"The use of “hacker” to mean “security breaker” is a "
+"confusion on the part of the mass media. We hackers refuse to recognize "
+"that meaning, and continue using the word to mean someone who loves to "
+"program, someone who enjoys playful cleverness, or the combination of the "
+"two. See my article, “<a href=\"https://stallman.org/articles/on-";
+"hacking.html\">On Hacking</a>.”"
+msgstr ""
+"(1) ÐÐ¶Ð¸Ð²Ð°Ð½Ð½Ñ Ñлова “Ñ
акеє Ñ Ð·Ð½Ð°ÑеннÑ
“зломлÑÐ²Ð°Ñ "
+"заÑ
иÑÑÑ” помилка, ÑÐºÐ¾Ñ Ð¼Ð¸
зобов'ÑÐ·Ð°Ð½Ñ Ð·Ð°Ñобам маÑÐ¾Ð²Ð¾Ñ "
+"ÑнÑоÑмаÑÑÑ. Ðи, Ñ
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визнаваÑи Ñе знаÑÐµÐ½Ð½Ñ Ð¹ пÑодовжÑÑмо "
+"вживаÑи Ñе Ñлово в знаÑÐµÐ½Ð½Ñ “Ñой, Ñ
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+"Ð·Ð°Ð´Ð¾Ð²Ð¾Ð»ÐµÐ½Ð½Ñ Ð²Ñд гÑи дÑмки, або комбÑнаÑÑÑ
Ñ Ñого, Ñ ÑнÑого”. Ðив. "
+"Ð¼Ð¾Ñ ÑÑаÑÑÑ <a href=\"http://stallman.org/articles/on-hacking.html\";>
“"
+"ÐÑо Ñ
акеÑÑÑво”</a>."
+
+#. type: Content of: <div><ol><li>
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "(1) As an Atheist, I don't follow any religious leaders, but I sometimes "
+#| "find I admire something one of them has said."
+msgid ""
+"As an Atheist, I don't follow any religious leaders, but I sometimes find I "
+"admire something one of them has said."
+msgstr ""
+"(1) Як аÑеÑÑÑ Ñ Ð½Ðµ Ñ Ð¿Ð¾ÑлÑдовником бÑдÑ-ÑкиÑ
ÑелÑгÑйниÑ
лÑдеÑÑв, але ÑÐ½Ð¾Ð´Ñ Ñ "
+"виÑвлÑÑ, Ñо заÑ
оплÑÑÑÑ Ñим, Ñо Ñказав Ñ
Ñо-небÑÐ´Ñ Ð· ниÑ
."
+
+#. type: Content of: <div><ol><li>
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "(1) In 1984 or 1985, Don Hopkins (a very imaginative fellow) mailed me a "
+#| "letter. On the envelope he had written several amusing sayings, "
+#| "including this one: “Copyleft—all rights reversed.” I "
+#| "used the word “copyleft” to name the distribution concept I "
+#| "was developing at the time."
+msgid ""
+"In 1984 or 1985, Don Hopkins (a very imaginative fellow) mailed me a "
+"letter. <a href=\"/graphics/copyleft-sticker.html\">On the envelope</a> he "
+"had written several amusing sayings, including this one: “"
+"Copyleft—all rights reversed.” I used the word “"
+"copyleft” to name the distribution concept I was developing at the "
+"time."
+msgstr ""
+"(1) У 1984 Ñи 1985 ÑоÑÑ Ðон ХопкÑÐ½Ñ (Ñнак з
багаÑÐ¾Ñ ÑÑвоÑ) надÑÑлав "
+"Ð¼ÐµÐ½Ñ Ð»Ð¸ÑÑа. Ðа конвеÑÑÑ Ð²Ñн напиÑав кÑлÑка
кÑмедниÑ
виÑловÑв, зокÑема Ñаке: "
+"“ÐопÑлеÑÑ ÑÑÑ Ð¿Ñава
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+"виÑазом “копÑлеÑÑ ” в ÑкоÑÑÑ Ð½Ð°Ð·Ð²Ð¸
конÑепÑÑÑ Ð¿Ð¾ÑиÑеннÑ, над ÑÐºÐ¾Ñ "
+"Ñ Ð² Ñой ÑÐ°Ñ Ð¿ÑаÑÑвав."
+
+#. type: Content of: <div><ol><li>
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "(2) We now use the <a href=\"/licenses/fdl.html\">GNU Free Documentation "
+#| "License</a> for documentation."
+msgid ""
+"We now use the <a href=\"/licenses/fdl.html\">GNU Free Documentation "
+"License</a> for documentation."
+msgstr ""
+"(2) ÐаÑаз Ð´Ð»Ñ Ð´Ð¾ÐºÑменÑаÑÑÑ Ð¼Ð¸ коÑиÑÑÑÑмоÑÑ
<a href=\"/licenses/fdl.html\"> "
+"ÐÑÑензÑÑÑ Ð²ÑлÑÐ½Ð¾Ñ Ð´Ð¾ÐºÑменÑаÑÑÑ GNU </a>."
+
+#. type: Content of: <div><ol><li>
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "(1) “Bourne Again Shell” is a play on the name “Bourne "
+#| "Shell”, which was the usual shell on Unix."
+msgid ""
+"“Bourne Again Shell” is a play on the name “Bourne Shell,"
+"” which was the usual shell on Unix."
+msgstr ""
+"(1) “ÐÐ½Ð¾Ð²Ñ Ð¾Ð±Ð¾Ð»Ð¾Ð½ÐºÐ° ÐаÑÑна” гÑа
ÑлÑв, побÑдована на "
+"Ð½Ð°Ð·Ð²Ñ “Ðболонка ÐаÑÑна” — Ñак
називали звиÑайний "
+"командний ÑнÑеÑпÑеÑаÑÐ¾Ñ Unix."
+
+#. type: Content of: <div><ol><li>
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "(1) That was written in 1998. In 2009 we no longer maintain a long task "
+#| "list. The community develops free software so fast that we can't even "
+#| "keep track of it all. Instead, we have a list of High Priority Projects, "
+#| "a much shorter list of projects we really want to encourage people to "
+#| "write."
+msgid ""
+"That was written in 1998. In 2009 we no longer maintain a long task list. "
+"The community develops free software so fast that we can't even keep track "
+"of it all. Instead, we have a list of High Priority Projects, a much "
+"shorter list of projects we really want to encourage people to write."
+msgstr ""
+"(1) Це бÑло напиÑано в 1998 ÑоÑÑ. Ðз 2009 ÑÐ¾ÐºÑ Ð¼Ð¸
бÑлÑÑе не пÑдÑÑимÑÑмо "
+"довгий ÑпиÑок завданÑ. СпÑвÑоваÑиÑÑво
ÑозÑоблÑÑ Ð²ÑлÑÐ½Ñ Ð¿ÑогÑами Ñак Ñвидко, "
+"Ñо ми не можемо навÑÑÑ Ð²ÑдÑлÑдковÑваÑи ÑÑ
ÑÑÑ. ÐамÑÑÑÑ ÑÑого Ñ Ð½Ð°Ñ Ñ ÑпиÑок "
+"виÑокопÑÑоÑиÑеÑниÑ
пÑоекÑÑв - набагаÑо
коÑоÑÑий ÑпиÑок пÑоекÑÑв, до "
+"здÑйÑÐ½ÐµÐ½Ð½Ñ ÑкиÑ
ми Ñ
оÑемо заоÑ
оÑиÑи лÑдей
пеÑÑ Ð·Ð° вÑе."
+
+#. type: Content of: <div><ol><li>
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "(1) This license is now called the GNU Lesser General Public License, to "
+#| "avoid giving the idea that all libraries ought to use it. See <a href=\"/"
+#| "philosophy/why-not-lgpl.html\">Why you shouldn't use the Lesser GPL for "
+#| "your next library</a> for more information."
+msgid ""
+"This license is now called the GNU Lesser General Public License, to avoid "
+"giving the idea that all libraries ought to use it. See <a href=\"/"
+"philosophy/why-not-lgpl.html\">Why you shouldn't use the Lesser GPL for your "
+"next library</a> for more information."
+msgstr ""
+"(1) Ð¦Ñ Ð»ÑÑензÑÑ Ð·Ð°Ñаз називаÑÑÑÑÑ ÐенÑоÑ
ÑÑандаÑÑÐ½Ð¾Ñ Ð³ÑомадÑÑÐºÐ¾Ñ Ð»ÑÑензÑÑÑ "
+"GNU, Ñоб не наводиÑи на дÑмкÑ, нÑби вÑÑ
бÑблÑоÑеки зобов'ÑÐ·Ð°Ð½Ñ ÐºÐ¾ÑиÑÑÑваÑиÑÑ "
+"неÑ. ÐодÑобиÑÑ Ð´Ð¸Ð². Ñ ÑÑаÑÑÑ <a
href=\"/philosophy/why-not-lgpl.html"
+"\">“Ð§Ð¾Ð¼Ñ Ð²Ð°Ð¼ не ÑлÑд заÑÑоÑовÑваÑи ÐенÑÑ
GPL Ð´Ð»Ñ ÑвоÑÑ Ð½Ð°ÑÑÑÐ¿Ð½Ð¾Ñ "
+"бÑблÑоÑеки”</a>."
+
+#. type: Content of: <div><ol><li>
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "(2008 note: this issue extends to the BIOS as well. There is a free "
+#| "BIOS, <a href=\"http://www.libreboot.org/\";>LibreBoot</a> (a distribution "
+#| "of coreboot); the problem is getting specs for machines so that LibreBoot "
+#| "can support them without nonfree “blobs”.)"
+msgid ""
+"2008 note: this issue extends to the BIOS as well. There is a free BIOS, <a "
+"href=\"https://libreboot.org/\";>LibreBoot</a> (a distribution of coreboot); "
+"the problem is getting specs for machines so that LibreBoot can support them "
+"without nonfree “blobs.”"
+msgstr ""
+"(ÐаÑÐ²Ð°Ð¶ÐµÐ½Ð½Ñ 2008 ÑокÑ: ÑÑ Ð¿Ñоблема Ñакож
ÑÑоÑÑÑÑÑÑÑ BIOS. ÐÑнÑÑ Ð²ÑлÑна "
+"BIOS, <a
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+"coreboot); пÑоблема полÑÐ³Ð°Ñ Ð² оÑÑиманнÑ
ÑпеÑиÑÑкаÑÑй на маÑини, Ñоб "
+"LibreBoot мÑг ÑÑ
пÑдÑÑимÑваÑи без невÑлÑниÑ
лÑпок.)"
+
+#. type: Content of: <div><ol><li>
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "[Subsequent note: in September 2000, Qt was rereleased under the GNU GPL, "
+#| "which essentially solved this problem.]"
+msgid ""
+"In September 2000, Qt was rereleased under the GNU GPL, which essentially "
+"solved this problem."
+msgstr ""
+"[ÐаÑÑÑпне заÑваженнÑ: Ñ Ð²ÐµÑеÑÐ½Ñ 2000 ÑÐ¾ÐºÑ Qt
бÑла випÑÑена пÑд GNU GPL, Ñо, "
+"по ÑÑÑÑ, виÑÑÑило ÑÑ Ð¿ÑоблемÑ.]"
+
+#. type: Content of: <div><ol><li>
+msgid "As of 2009, the GIF patents have expired."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <div><ol><li>
+msgid ""
+"As of 2017, the MP3 patents have expired. Look how long we had to wait."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <div><div><p>
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "Originally published in the book <em>Open Sources</em>. Richard Stallman "
+#| "was <a href=\"/philosophy/open-source-misses-the-point.html\"> never a "
+#| "supporter of “open source”</a>, but contributed this article "
+#| "so that the ideas of the free software movement would not be entirely "
+#| "absent from that book."
+msgid ""
+"Originally published in the book <cite>Open Sources</cite>. Richard "
+"Stallman was <a href=\"/philosophy/open-source-misses-the-point.html\"> "
+"never a supporter of “open source”</a>, but contributed this "
+"article so that the ideas of the free software movement would not be "
+"entirely absent from that book."
+msgstr ""
+"СпоÑаÑÐºÑ Ð¾Ð¿ÑблÑковано в ÐºÐ½Ð¸Ð·Ñ <em>ÐÑдкÑиÑÑ
виÑ
ÑÐ´Ð½Ñ ÐºÐ¾Ð´Ð¸</em>. Ð ÑÑаÑд СÑолмен "
+"<a href=\"/philosophy/open-source-misses-the-point.html\"> нÑколи не
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+"пÑиÑ
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+"ÑÑаÑÑÑ, Ñоб ÑÐ´ÐµÑ ÑÑÑ
Ñ Ð·Ð° вÑлÑне пÑогÑамне
забезпеÑÐµÐ½Ð½Ñ Ð½Ðµ бÑли вÑдÑÑÑÐ½Ñ Ð² "
+"ÑÑй ÐºÐ½Ð¸Ð·Ñ Ð¿Ð¾Ð²Ð½ÑÑÑÑ."
+
#. TRANSLATORS: Use space (SPC) as msgstr if you don't have notes.
#. type: Content of: <div>
msgid "*GNUN-SLOT: TRANSLATOR'S NOTES*"
@@ -2223,14 +2503,19 @@
#. Please send your comments and general suggestions in this regard
#. to <a href="mailto:web-translators@gnu.org";>
#. <web-translators@gnu.org></a>.</p>
-#. <p>For information on coordinating and submitting translations of
+#. <p>For information on coordinating and contributing translations of
#. our web pages, see <a
#. href="/server/standards/README.translations.html">Translations
#. README</a>.
#. type: Content of: <div><div><p>
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "Please see the <a href=\"/server/standards/README.translations.html"
+#| "\">Translations README</a> for information on coordinating and "
+#| "contributing translations of this article."
msgid ""
"Please see the <a href=\"/server/standards/README.translations.html"
-"\">Translations README</a> for information on coordinating and submitting "
+"\">Translations README</a> for information on coordinating and contributing "
"translations of this article."
msgstr ""
"Ðи намагалиÑÑ Ð·ÑобиÑи Ñей пеÑеклад ÑоÑним
Ñа ÑкÑÑним, але виклÑÑиÑи "
@@ -2241,9 +2526,13 @@
"translations.html\">“ÐоÑÑÐ±Ð½Ð¸ÐºÑ Ð·
пеÑекладє</a>."
#. type: Content of: <div><p>
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "Copyright © 1998, 2001, 2002, 2005, 2006, 2007, 2008, 2010, 2014, "
+#| "2015, 2017, 2018, 2020 Richard Stallman"
msgid ""
-"Copyright © 1998, 2001, 2002, 2005, 2006, 2007, 2008, 2010, 2014, 2015, "
-"2017, 2018, 2020 Richard Stallman"
+"Copyright © 1998, 2005, 2008, 2010, 2012, 2015, 2017, 2018, 2021 "
+"Richard Stallman"
msgstr ""
"Copyright © 1998, 2001, 2002, 2005, 2006, 2007, 2008, 2010, 2014, 2015, "
"2017, 2018, 2020 Richard Stallman (Ð ÑÑаÑд СÑолмен)"
@@ -2270,13 +2559,31 @@
msgid "Updated:"
msgstr "Ðновлено:"
-#. type: Content of: <div><p>
-msgid ""
-"Copyright © 1998, 2001, 2002, 2005, 2006, 2007, 2008, 2010, 2014, 2015, "
-"2017, 2018, 2020, 2021 Richard Stallman"
-msgstr ""
-"Copyright © 1998, 2001, 2002, 2005, 2006, 2007, 2008, 2010, 2014, 2015, "
-"2017, 2018, 2020, 2021 Richard Stallman (Ð ÑÑаÑд СÑолмен)"
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "by <a href=\"http://www.stallman.org/\";><strong>Richard Stallman</"
+#~ "strong></a>"
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "<a href=\"http://www.stallman.org/\";><strong>Ð ÑÑаÑд
СÑолмен</strong></a>"
+
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "Please see the <a href=\"/server/standards/README.translations.html"
+#~ "\">Translations README</a> for information on coordinating and submitting "
+#~ "translations of this article."
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "Ðи намагалиÑÑ Ð·ÑобиÑи Ñей пеÑеклад
ÑоÑним Ñа ÑкÑÑним, але виклÑÑиÑи "
+#~ "можливÑÑÑÑ Ð¿Ð¾Ð¼Ð¸Ð»ÐºÐ¸ ми не можемо.
ÐадÑилайÑе, бÑÐ´Ñ Ð»Ð°Ñка, ÑÐ²Ð¾Ñ Ð·Ð°ÑÐ²Ð°Ð¶ÐµÐ½Ð½Ñ "
+#~ "Ñ Ð¿ÑопозиÑÑÑ Ñодо пеÑÐµÐºÐ»Ð°Ð´Ñ Ð·Ð° адÑеÑÐ¾Ñ <a
href=\"mailto:web-";
+#~ "translators@gnu.org\"><web-translators@gnu.org></a>. </"
+#~ "p><p>ÐÑдомоÑÑÑ Ð· кооÑдинаÑÑÑ Ñа
пÑопозиÑÑй пеÑекладÑв наÑиÑ
ÑÑаÑей див. Ñ "
+#~ "<a
href=\"/server/standards/README.translations.html\">“ÐоÑÑбникÑ
з "
+#~ "пеÑекладє</a>."
+
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "Copyright © 1998, 2001, 2002, 2005, 2006, 2007, 2008, 2010, 2014, "
+#~ "2015, 2017, 2018, 2020, 2021 Richard Stallman"
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "Copyright © 1998, 2001, 2002, 2005, 2006, 2007, 2008, 2010, 2014, "
+#~ "2015, 2017, 2018, 2020, 2021 Richard Stallman (Ð ÑÑаÑд
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#~ msgid ""
#~ "We call this system version GNU/Linux, to express its composition as a "
Index: thegnuproject.zh-cn.po
===================================================================
RCS file: /web/www/www/gnu/po/thegnuproject.zh-cn.po,v
retrieving revision 1.18
retrieving revision 1.19
diff -u -b -r1.18 -r1.19
--- thegnuproject.zh-cn.po 24 Oct 2021 07:25:26 -0000 1.18
+++ thegnuproject.zh-cn.po 24 Oct 2021 07:31:39 -0000 1.19
@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@
msgid ""
msgstr ""
"Project-Id-Version: thegnuproject.html\n"
-"POT-Creation-Date: 2020-07-12 02:25+0000\n"
+"POT-Creation-Date: 2021-10-24 07:25+0000\n"
"PO-Revision-Date: 2020-07-13 11:02+0800\n"
"Last-Translator: Wensheng Xie <wxie@member.fsf.org>\n"
"Language-Team: Chinese <www-zh-cn-translators@gnu.org>\n"
@@ -14,6 +14,7 @@
"MIME-Version: 1.0\n"
"Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8\n"
"Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit\n"
+"X-Outdated-Since: 2021-10-24 07:25+0000\n"
#. type: Content of: <title>
msgid "About the GNU Project - GNU Project - Free Software Foundation"
@@ -23,41 +24,22 @@
msgid "GNU, GNU Project, FSF, Free Software, Free Software Foundation, History"
msgstr "GNUãGNUå·¥ç¨ãFSFãèªç±è½¯ä»¶ãèªç±è½¯ä»¶åºéä¼ãåå²"
-#. type: Content of: <h2>
+#. type: Content of: <div><h2>
msgid "The GNU Project"
msgstr "GNUå·¥ç¨"
-#. type: Content of: <p>
-msgid ""
-"by <a href=\"http://www.stallman.org/\";><strong>Richard Stallman</strong></a>"
-msgstr ""
-"<a href=\"http://www.stallman.org/\";><strong>Richard Stallman</strong></a>
è"
-
-#. type: Content of: <blockquote><p>
-msgid ""
-"Originally published in the book <em>Open Sources</em>. Richard Stallman "
-"was <a href=\"/philosophy/open-source-misses-the-point.html\"> never a "
-"supporter of “open source”</a>, but contributed this article so "
-"that the ideas of the free software movement would not be entirely absent "
-"from that book."
-msgstr ""
-"æåå表äº<em>å¼æº</em>ä¸ä¹¦ãRichard Stallmanæ¬äºº<a
href=\"/philosophy/open-"
-"source-misses-the-point.html\">ä»æ¥ä¸æ¯æ“å¼æº”</a>ï¼ä½ä»è¿æ¯è´¡ç®"
-"äºæ¤æãè¿æ ·åå¯ä»¥é¿å
èªç±è½¯ä»¶è¿å¨çç念å¨é£æ¬ä¹¦ä¸è¢«å®å
¨å¿½ç¥ã"
-
-#. type: Content of: <blockquote><p>
-msgid ""
-"Why it is even more important than ever <a href=\"/philosophy/free-software-"
-"even-more-important.html\">to insist that the software we use be free</a>."
-msgstr ""
-"为ä»ä¹ç°å¨<a
href=\"/philosophy/free-software-even-more-important.html\">åæ"
-"软件èªç±æ¯ä»¥å¾æ´å éè¦</a>ã"
+# type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><address>
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid "by <a href=\"https://www.stallman.org/\";>Richard Stallman</a>"
+msgid "by <a href=\"https://www.stallman.org/\";>Richard Stallman</a>"
+msgstr "<a href=\"https://www.stallman.org/\";>çæ¥å¾·Â·æ¯ææ¼</a> è"
-#. type: Content of: <h3>
+#. type: Content of: <div><h3>
msgid "The first software-sharing community"
msgstr "第ä¸ä¸ªè½¯ä»¶å享社åº"
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"When I started working at the <abbr title=\"Massachusetts Institute of "
"Technology\">MIT</abbr> Artificial Intelligence Lab in 1971, I became part "
@@ -71,15 +53,24 @@
"çä¸ä¸ªè½¯ä»¶å
±äº«ç¤¾åºçä¸åã并ä¸æ¯åªææ们ç社åºå享软件ï¼å享软件ä»çµèåºç°å°±"
"å¼å§äºï¼æ£å¦å享èè°±ä»ç¹é¥ªåºç°å°±å¼å§äºä¸æ
·ãä½æ¯æ们åå¾æ´å¤ã"
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "The AI Lab used a timesharing operating system called <abbr title="
+#| "\"Incompatible Timesharing System\">ITS</abbr> (the Incompatible "
+#| "Timesharing System) that the lab's staff hackers (1) had designed and "
+#| "written in assembler language for the Digital <abbr title=\"Programmed "
+#| "Data Processor\">PDP</abbr>-10, one of the large computers of the era. "
+#| "As a member of this community, an AI Lab staff system hacker, my job was "
+#| "to improve this system."
msgid ""
"The AI Lab used a timesharing operating system called <abbr title="
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+"designed and written in assembler language for the Digital <abbr title="
+"\"Programmed Data Processor\">PDP</abbr>-10, one of the large computers of "
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-#. type: Content of: <p>
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+#| msgid ""
+#| "We did not call our software “free software”, because that "
+#| "term did not yet exist; but that is what it was. Whenever people from "
+#| "another university or a company wanted to port and use a program, we "
+#| "gladly let them. If you saw someone using an unfamiliar and interesting "
+#| "program, you could always ask to see the source code, so that you could "
+#| "read it, change it, or cannibalize parts of it to make a new program."
msgid ""
-"We did not call our software “free software”, because that term "
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-#. type: Content of: <p>
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msgid ""
-"(1) The use of “hacker” to mean “security breaker” "
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-"hacking.html\">On Hacking</a>."
+"Why it is even more important than ever <a href=\"/philosophy/free-software-"
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msgstr ""
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-#. type: Content of: <h3>
+#. type: Content of: <div><h3>
msgid "The collapse of the community"
msgstr "社åºç解ä½"
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"The situation changed drastically in the early 1980s when Digital "
"discontinued the PDP-10 series. Its architecture, elegant and powerful in "
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"é
èæåçæ¶ææ æ³èªç¶å»¶ä¼¸å°å
«å年代å¼å§ä½¿ç¨çæ´å¤§çå°å空é´ãè¿æå³çå ä¹æ"
"æææITSçç¨åºé½è¿æ¶äºã"
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "The AI Lab hacker community had already collapsed, not long before. In "
+#| "1981, the spin-off company Symbolics had hired away nearly all of the "
+#| "hackers from the AI Lab, and the depopulated community was unable to "
+#| "maintain itself. (The book Hackers, by Steve Levy, describes these "
+#| "events, as well as giving a clear picture of this community in its "
+#| "prime.) When the AI Lab bought a new PDP-10 in 1982, its administrators "
+#| "decided to use Digital's nonfree timesharing system instead of ITS."
msgid ""
"The AI Lab hacker community had already collapsed, not long before. In "
"1981, the spin-off company Symbolics had hired away nearly all of the "
"hackers from the AI Lab, and the depopulated community was unable to "
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-"AI Lab bought a new PDP-10 in 1982, its administrators decided to use "
-"Digital's nonfree timesharing system instead of ITS."
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+"these events, as well as giving a clear picture of this community in its "
+"prime.) When the AI Lab bought a new PDP-10 in 1982, its administrators "
+"decided to use Digital's nonfree timesharing system instead of ITS."
msgstr ""
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åï¼äººå·¥æºè½å®éªå®¤çé»å®¢ç¤¾åºå·²ç»è§£ä½äºã1981å¹´ï¼ä»å®éªå®¤åæåºæ¥ç"
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-#. type: Content of: <p>
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msgid ""
"The modern computers of the era, such as the VAX or the 68020, had their own "
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-#. type: Content of: <p>
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msgid ""
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"æè
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-#. type: Content of: <p>
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msgid ""
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"社ä¼ç³»ç»ï¼æè
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-#. type: Content of: <p>
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+#| msgid ""
+#| "When software publishers talk about “enforcing” their “"
+#| "rights” or “stopping <a href=\"/philosophy/words-to-avoid."
+#| "html#Piracy\">piracy</a>”, what they actually <em>say</em> is "
+#| "secondary. The real message of these statements is in the unstated "
+#| "assumptions they take for granted, which the public is asked to accept "
+#| "without examination. Let's therefore examine them."
msgid ""
"When software publishers talk about “enforcing” their “"
"rights” or “stopping <a href=\"/philosophy/words-to-avoid."
-"html#Piracy\">piracy</a>”, what they actually <em>say</em> is "
+"html#Piracy\">piracy</a>,” what they actually <em>say</em> is "
"secondary. The real message of these statements is in the unstated "
"assumptions they take for granted, which the public is asked to accept "
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-#. type: Content of: <p>
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msgid ""
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-#. type: Content of: <p>
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-#. type: Content of: <p>
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¶ä¸æ¨ªå
éé¾ã"
-#. type: Content of: <p>
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msgid ""
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-#. type: Content of: <p>
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+#| msgid ""
+#| "There is no room here for an extensive statement of the reasoning behind "
+#| "this conclusion, so I refer the reader to the web pages <a href=\"/"
+#| "philosophy/why-free.html\"> http://www.gnu.org/philosophy/why-free.html</"
+#| "a> and <a href=\"/philosophy/free-software-even-more-important.html\"> "
+#| "http://www.gnu.org/philosophy/free-software-even-more-important.html</a>."
msgid ""
"There is no room here for an extensive statement of the reasoning behind "
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+"href=\"/philosophy/free-software-even-more-important.html\">Free Software Is "
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msgstr ""
"é´äºç¯å¹
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"\"> http://www.gnu.org/philosophy/free-software-even-more-important.html</"
"a>ã"
-#. type: Content of: <h3>
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msgid "A stark moral choice"
msgstr "严é
·çéå¾·ææ©"
-#. type: Content of: <p>
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msgid ""
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msgstr "社åºä¸å¤åå¨ï¼ææ æ³ç»´æåæ
·ãåè¿æ¥ï¼æé¢ä¸´ç严é
·çéå¾·ææ©ã"
-#. type: Content of: <p>
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-#. type: Content of: <p>
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msgid ""
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-#. type: Content of: <p>
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-#. type: Content of: <p>
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-#. type: Content of: <p>
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-#. type: Content of: <p>
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-#. type: Content of: <p>
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+#| msgid ""
+#| "As an operating system developer, I had the right skills for this job. "
+#| "So even though I could not take success for granted, I realized that I "
+#| "was elected to do the job. I chose to make the system compatible with "
+#| "Unix so that it would be portable, and so that Unix users could easily "
+#| "switch to it. The name GNU was chosen, following a hacker tradition, as "
+#| "a recursive acronym for “GNU's Not Unix.” It is pronounced as "
+#| "<a href=\"/gnu/pronunciation.html\">one syllable with a hard g</a>."
msgid ""
"As an operating system developer, I had the right skills for this job. So "
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-#. type: Content of: <p>
-msgid "Later I heard these words, attributed to Hillel (1):"
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
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msgstr "æåæ¥å¬å°Hillelæ¾ç»è¯´è¿ï¼1)ï¼"
-#. type: Content of: <blockquote><p>
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msgid "If I am not for myself, who will be for me?"
msgstr "æä¸ä¸ºæï¼è°ä¼ä¸ºæï¼"
-#. type: Content of: <blockquote><p>
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msgid "If I am only for myself, what am I?"
msgstr "æåªä¸ºæï¼æåæ¯è°ï¼"
-#. type: Content of: <blockquote><p>
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msgid "If not now, when?"
msgstr "è¥éç°å¨ï¼æ´å¾
ä½æ¶ï¼"
-#. type: Content of: <p>
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msgid "The decision to start the GNU Project was based on a similar spirit."
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-
-#. type: Content of: <h3>
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msgid "Free as in freedom"
msgstr "Freeæ¯freedomææçèªç±"
-#. type: Content of: <p>
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msgid ""
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-#. type: Content of: <p>
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msgid "A program is free software, for you, a particular user, if:"
msgstr "ä¸ä¸ªè½¯ä»¶å¯¹ä½ä¸ºç¨æ·çä½ æ¯èªç±è½¯ä»¶ï¼å¦æï¼"
-#. type: Content of: <ul><li>
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msgid "You have the freedom to run the program as you wish, for any purpose."
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-#. type: Content of: <ul><li>
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msgstr "ä½ æèªç±å»åå软件æ·è´ï¼æ 论æ¯å¦æ¶è´¹ã"
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msgid "GNU software and the GNU system"
msgstr "GNU软件åGNUç³»ç»"
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msgstr "å·¥ç¨å¯å¨"
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msgid "The first steps"
msgstr "æåçå æ¥"
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+#| msgid ""
+#| "Shortly before beginning the GNU Project, I heard about the Free "
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+#| "multiple target machines. I wrote to its author asking if GNU could use "
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+#| "now known as <abbr title=\"GNU Compiler Collection\">GCC</abbr>; none of "
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+#| "front end that I had written. But that was some years later; first, I "
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msgid "GNU Emacs"
msgstr "GNU Emacs"
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msgid "Is a program free for every user?"
msgstr "ç¨åºå¯¹æ¯ä¸ªç¨æ·é½èªç±åï¼"
-#. type: Content of: <p>
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+#| "problem—they expected and intended this to happen. Their goal was "
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+#| "users.” They did not care whether these users had freedom, only "
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msgid "Copyleft and the GNU GPL"
msgstr "CopyleftåGNU GPL"
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+#| msgid ""
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+#| "needed to use distribution terms that would prevent GNU software from "
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msgid "The Free Software Foundation"
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+#| "redistribute and modify), and Deluxe Distributions (distributions for "
+#| "which we built the whole collection of software for the customer's choice "
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+#| "system uses to communicate with Linux. It was developed by a member of "
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æ
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"å´å³å®ä»¥Alixå½åå
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msgid ""
"It did not stay that way. Michael (now Thomas) Bushnell, the main developer "
"of the kernel, preferred the name Hurd, and redefined Alix to refer to a "
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"Later, Alix and I broke up, and she changed her name; independently, the "
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"åéæ¶æ¯ï¼Alixé¨ä»¶å°±ä»å
æ ¸éæ¶å¤±äºã"
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"But before these things happened, a friend of hers came across the name Alix "
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"以她ååå½åçå
æ ¸ã"
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msgid "Linux and GNU/Linux"
msgstr "LinuxåGNU/Linux"
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msgid ""
"The GNU Hurd is not suitable for production use, and we don't know if it "
"ever will be. The capability-based design has problems that result directly "
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Hurdç°å¨è¿ä¸éç¨äºäº§å级åºç¨ãæ们ä¹ä¸ç¥éå®ä»ä¹æ¶åå¯ä»¥æçãçµæ´»ç设计"
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æ¥ã"
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"Fortunately, another kernel is available. In 1991, Linus Torvalds developed "
"a Unix-compatible kernel and called it Linux. It was proprietary at first, "
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"å®ä»¬ä¸¤ä¸ªæ¬èº«å°±æ¯ä¸ä¸ªåºå¤§çå·¥ç¨ãï¼æ£æ¯ç±äºæäºLinuxï¼æ们ä»å¤©æè½å¤è¿è¡ä¸ä¸ª"
"GNUç³»ç»ã"
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+#| msgid ""
+#| "We call this system version <a href=\"/gnu/linux-and-gnu.html\"> GNU/"
+#| "Linux</a>, to express its composition as a combination of the GNU system "
+#| "with Linux as the kernel. Please don't fall into the practice of calling "
+#| "the whole system “Linux”, since that means attributing our "
+#| "work to someone else. Please <a href=\"/gnu/gnu-linux-faq.html\"> give "
+#| "us equal mention</a>."
msgid ""
"We call this system version <a href=\"/gnu/linux-and-gnu.html\"> GNU/Linux</"
"a>, to express its composition as a combination of the GNU system with Linux "
"as the kernel. Please don't fall into the practice of calling the whole "
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"æ们称ä¹ä¸º<a
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"å¹³ççå®£ä¼ </a>ã"
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msgid "Challenges in our future"
msgstr "æªæ¥çææ"
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msgid ""
"We have proved our ability to develop a broad spectrum of free software. "
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msgid "The following four sections discuss these challenges."
msgstr "以ä¸åè讨论è¿äºææã"
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msgid "Secret hardware"
msgstr "ä¿å¯ç硬件"
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msgid ""
"Hardware manufacturers increasingly tend to keep hardware specifications "
"secret. This makes it difficult to write free drivers so that Linux and "
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"çèªç±é©±å¨è½¯ä»¶åå¾å°é¾èµ·æ¥ãä»å¤©æ们æäºå®æ´çèªç±è½¯ä»¶ç³»ç»ï¼ä½æ¯å¦æä¸è½æ¯æ"
"æªæ¥ç计ç®æºï¼æ们æ天就ä¼å¤±å»è¿ä¸ªèªç±è½¯ä»¶ç³»ç»ã"
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"There are two ways to cope with this problem. Programmers can do reverse "
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"å°±åææ¯åºæ¥èªå°ã"
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+#| "Reverse engineering is a big job; will we have programmers with "
+#| "sufficient determination to undertake it? Yes—if we have built up a "
+#| "strong feeling that free software is a matter of principle, and nonfree "
+#| "drivers are intolerable. And will large numbers of us spend extra money, "
+#| "or even a little extra time, so we can use free drivers? Yes, if the "
+#| "determination to have freedom is widespread."
msgid ""
"Reverse engineering is a big job; will we have programmers with sufficient "
"determination to undertake it? Yes—if we have built up a strong "
"feeling that free software is a matter of principle, and nonfree drivers are "
"intolerable. And will large numbers of us spend extra money, or even a "
"little extra time, so we can use free drivers? Yes, if the determination to "
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msgid "Nonfree libraries"
msgstr "éèªç±è½¯ä»¶åº"
-#. type: Content of: <p>
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msgid ""
"A nonfree library that runs on free operating systems acts as a trap for "
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ã该工ä½æç»äºè®¸å¤å¹´ï¼ç´å°1997å¹´ï¼ç±åçå©ç¨åºåå¼åçLessTifï¼æåå¾è¶³å¤"
"强大æ¥ä»£æ¿Motifç大é¨ååè½ã"
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"Between 1996 and 1998, another nonfree <abbr title=\"Graphical User Interface"
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ï¼å«å Qtï¼è¢«ä¸ä¸ªå®é
ä¸æ¯èªç±è½¯ä»¶çéåï¼<abbr "
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æ¡é¢æ使ç¨ã"
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"Free GNU/Linux systems were unable to use KDE, because we could not use the "
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åµåå¾ä¸¥å³»ã"
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"The free software community responded to the problem in two ways: GNOME and "
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ä¾èµä»»ä½éèªç±è½¯ä»¶ã"
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"Harmony is a compatible replacement library, designed to make it possible to "
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¶è®¾è®¡ç¨æ¥è¿è¡KDE软件èæ é使ç¨Qtã"
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+#| "In November 1998, the developers of Qt announced a change of license "
+#| "which, when carried out, should make Qt free software. There is no way "
+#| "to be sure, but I think that this was partly due to the community's firm "
+#| "response to the problem that Qt posed when it was nonfree. (The new "
+#| "license is inconvenient and inequitable, so it remains desirable to avoid "
+#| "using Qt.)"
msgid ""
"In November 1998, the developers of Qt announced a change of license which, "
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§GNU GPLåå¸ï¼è¿å°±ä»æ
¹æ¬ä¸è§£å³äºè¿ä¸ªé®é¢ã]"
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"é·é±ï¼æææ人ä¼ä¸ºäºå¥½ç¨èæ¾å¼èªç±ï¼ä»èå¶é
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msgid "Software patents"
msgstr "软件ä¸å©"
-#. type: Content of: <p>
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+#| msgid ""
+#| "The worst threat we face comes from software patents, which can put "
+#| "algorithms and features off limits to free software for up to twenty "
+#| "years. The LZW compression algorithm patents were applied for in 1983, "
+#| "and we still cannot release free software to produce proper compressed "
+#| "<abbr title=\"Graphics Interchange Format\">GIF</abbr>s. [As of 2009 "
+#| "they have expired.] In 1998, a free program to produce <abbr title="
+#| "\"MPEG-1 Audio Layer 3\">MP3</abbr> compressed audio was removed from "
+#| "distribution under threat of a patent suit. [As of 2017, these patents "
+#| "have expired. Look how long we had to wait.]"
msgid ""
"The worst threat we face comes from software patents, which can put "
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+"3\">MP3</abbr> compressed audio was removed from distribution under threat "
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å¹´å¯ç¨ä¸å©ï¼æ们è³ä»ä¸è½åå¸å¯ä»¥çæéå½å缩ç <abbr "
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å¹´ï¼è¿äºä¸å©è¿æãççæ们çäºå¤é¿æ¶é´ã]"
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"There are ways to cope with patents: we can search for evidence that a "
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ï¼ä¸å©ä¼è¿æï¼ä½æ¯"
"å¨æ¤ä¹åæ们æä¹åï¼"
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æææ§çæ¶åï¼å¨æ们è°è®ºèªç±è½¯ä»¶ç"
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msgid "Free documentation"
msgstr "èªç±ææ¡£"
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msgid ""
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没æç¸åºçä¼è´¨èªç±ææ¡£ï¼å°±æ¯å·®è·ãè¿æ ·ç"
"å·®è·æ们ç®åæå¾å¤ã"
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æ¬åä¸éå®ï¼ï¼æ 论æ¯å¨çº¿è¿"
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"Permission for modification is crucial too. As a general rule, I don't "
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许修æ¹æ¬æï¼æ¬ææè¿°çæ¯æ们çè¡å¨åç"
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"åºåä¿®æ¹æ档以éåºè½¯ä»¶çä¿®æ¹ãæ¢å¥è¯è¯´ï¼å®ä»¬æ²¡æé»æ¢èªç±è½¯ä»¶ç¤¾åºä½¿ç¨æ´ä¸ªæ"
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é¡»è¦å
许修æ¹ææ¡£çææ<em>ææ¯</em>å
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¨æ¹ä½çèªç±ææ¡£ï¼æ们çæªæ¥åä¸æ¬¡ä¾èµ"
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msgid "We must talk about freedom"
msgstr "æ们å¿
须论åèªç±"
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+#| "such as Debian GNU/Linux and Red Hat “Linux”. Free software "
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+#. type: Content of: <div><h3>
msgid "“Open Source”"
msgstr "“å¼æº”"
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"Teaching new users about freedom became more difficult in 1998, when a part "
"of the community decided to stop using the term “free software” "
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"溔代濓èªç±è½¯ä»¶”ã"
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msgid ""
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-#. type: Content of: <p>
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msgid ""
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msgid ""
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+#| msgid ""
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+#| "same category of software, more or less, but say different things about "
+#| "the software, and about values. The GNU Project continues to use the "
+#| "term “free software”, to express the idea that freedom, not "
+#| "just technology, is important."
msgid ""
"“Free software” and “open source” describe the same "
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msgid "Try!"
msgstr "å°è¯ï¼"
-#. type: Content of: <p>
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msgid ""
"Yoda's aphorism (“There is no ‘try’”) sounds neat, "
"but it doesn't work for me. I have done most of my work while anxious about "
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+#. type: Content of: <div><h3>
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid "Footnotes"
+msgid "Footnotes"
+msgstr "è注"
+
+#. type: Content of: <div><ol><li>
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "(1) The use of “hacker” to mean “security "
+#| "breaker” is a confusion on the part of the mass media. We hackers "
+#| "refuse to recognize that meaning, and continue using the word to mean "
+#| "someone who loves to program, someone who enjoys playful cleverness, or "
+#| "the combination of the two. See my article, <a href=\"http://stallman.";
+#| "org/articles/on-hacking.html\">On Hacking</a>."
+msgid ""
+"The use of “hacker” to mean “security breaker” is a "
+"confusion on the part of the mass media. We hackers refuse to recognize "
+"that meaning, and continue using the word to mean someone who loves to "
+"program, someone who enjoys playful cleverness, or the combination of the "
+"two. See my article, “<a href=\"https://stallman.org/articles/on-";
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+#. type: Content of: <div><ol><li>
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "(1) As an Atheist, I don't follow any religious leaders, but I sometimes "
+#| "find I admire something one of them has said."
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+#. type: Content of: <div><ol><li>
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "(1) In 1984 or 1985, Don Hopkins (a very imaginative fellow) mailed me a "
+#| "letter. On the envelope he had written several amusing sayings, "
+#| "including this one: “Copyleft—all rights reversed.” I "
+#| "used the word “copyleft” to name the distribution concept I "
+#| "was developing at the time."
+msgid ""
+"In 1984 or 1985, Don Hopkins (a very imaginative fellow) mailed me a "
+"letter. <a href=\"/graphics/copyleft-sticker.html\">On the envelope</a> he "
+"had written several amusing sayings, including this one: “"
+"Copyleft—all rights reversed.” I used the word “"
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+"time."
+msgstr ""
+"ï¼1ï¼å¨å¤§çº¦1984æ1985å¹´ï¼Don Hopkinsï¼ä¸ä¸ªæå
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+
+#. type: Content of: <div><ol><li>
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "(2) We now use the <a href=\"/licenses/fdl.html\">GNU Free Documentation "
+#| "License</a> for documentation."
+msgid ""
+"We now use the <a href=\"/licenses/fdl.html\">GNU Free Documentation "
+"License</a> for documentation."
+msgstr ""
+"ï¼2ï¼æ们ç®å使ç¨<a href=\"/licenses/fdl.html\">GNU Free
Documentation "
+"License</a>æ¥ææææ¡£ã"
+
+#. type: Content of: <div><ol><li>
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "(1) “Bourne Again Shell” is a play on the name “Bourne "
+#| "Shell”, which was the usual shell on Unix."
+msgid ""
+"“Bourne Again Shell” is a play on the name “Bourne Shell,"
+"” which was the usual shell on Unix."
+msgstr ""
+"(1) “Bourne Again Shell”æ¯å¯¹“Bourne
Shell”è¿ä¸å称表"
+"è¾¾æ¬æï¼åè
æ¯Unixç³»ç»ä¸å¸¸ç¨çshellã"
+
+#. type: Content of: <div><ol><li>
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "(1) That was written in 1998. In 2009 we no longer maintain a long task "
+#| "list. The community develops free software so fast that we can't even "
+#| "keep track of it all. Instead, we have a list of High Priority Projects, "
+#| "a much shorter list of projects we really want to encourage people to "
+#| "write."
+msgid ""
+"That was written in 1998. In 2009 we no longer maintain a long task list. "
+"The community develops free software so fast that we can't even keep track "
+"of it all. Instead, we have a list of High Priority Projects, a much "
+"shorter list of projects we really want to encourage people to write."
+msgstr ""
+"(1)å½æ¶æ¯1998å¹´ãå¨2009å¹´æ们ä¸åç»´æ¤å¾é¿çä»»å¡å表ã社åºå¼åèªç±è½¯ä»¶çé度æ¯"
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+
+#. type: Content of: <div><ol><li>
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "(1) This license is now called the GNU Lesser General Public License, to "
+#| "avoid giving the idea that all libraries ought to use it. See <a href=\"/"
+#| "philosophy/why-not-lgpl.html\">Why you shouldn't use the Lesser GPL for "
+#| "your next library</a> for more information."
+msgid ""
+"This license is now called the GNU Lesser General Public License, to avoid "
+"giving the idea that all libraries ought to use it. See <a href=\"/"
+"philosophy/why-not-lgpl.html\">Why you shouldn't use the Lesser GPL for your "
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+
+#. type: Content of: <div><ol><li>
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "(2008 note: this issue extends to the BIOS as well. There is a free "
+#| "BIOS, <a href=\"http://www.libreboot.org/\";>LibreBoot</a> (a distribution "
+#| "of coreboot); the problem is getting specs for machines so that LibreBoot "
+#| "can support them without nonfree “blobs”.)"
+msgid ""
+"2008 note: this issue extends to the BIOS as well. There is a free BIOS, <a "
+"href=\"https://libreboot.org/\";>LibreBoot</a> (a distribution of coreboot); "
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+"ï¼2008年注ï¼æ¤é®é¢è¿æ©å±å°BIOSç¨åºãè¿éæä¸ä¸ªèªç±çBIOS软件ï¼<a
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+
+#. type: Content of: <div><ol><li>
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+#| msgid ""
+#| "[Subsequent note: in September 2000, Qt was rereleased under the GNU GPL, "
+#| "which essentially solved this problem.]"
+msgid ""
+"In September 2000, Qt was rereleased under the GNU GPL, which essentially "
+"solved this problem."
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§GNU GPLåå¸ï¼è¿å°±ä»æ
¹æ¬ä¸è§£å³äºè¿ä¸ªé®é¢ã]"
+
+#. type: Content of: <div><ol><li>
+msgid "As of 2009, the GIF patents have expired."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <div><ol><li>
+msgid ""
+"As of 2017, the MP3 patents have expired. Look how long we had to wait."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <div><div><p>
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "Originally published in the book <em>Open Sources</em>. Richard Stallman "
+#| "was <a href=\"/philosophy/open-source-misses-the-point.html\"> never a "
+#| "supporter of “open source”</a>, but contributed this article "
+#| "so that the ideas of the free software movement would not be entirely "
+#| "absent from that book."
+msgid ""
+"Originally published in the book <cite>Open Sources</cite>. Richard "
+"Stallman was <a href=\"/philosophy/open-source-misses-the-point.html\"> "
+"never a supporter of “open source”</a>, but contributed this "
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+"æåå表äº<em>å¼æº</em>ä¸ä¹¦ãRichard Stallmanæ¬äºº<a
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+
#. TRANSLATORS: Use space (SPC) as msgstr if you don't have notes.
#. type: Content of: <div>
msgid "*GNUN-SLOT: TRANSLATOR'S NOTES*"
@@ -1906,9 +2188,7 @@
"ç³»æ¹æ³</a>èç³»èªç±è½¯ä»¶åºéä¼ï¼FSFï¼ãæå
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"å°<a href=\"mailto:webmasters@gnu.org\";><webmasters@gnu.org></a>ã"
-#
-#
-#
+# TODO: submitting -> contributing.
#. TRANSLATORS: Ignore the original text in this paragraph,
#. replace it with the translation of these two:
#. We work hard and do our best to provide accurate, good quality
@@ -1916,23 +2196,32 @@
#. Please send your comments and general suggestions in this regard
#. to <a href="mailto:web-translators@gnu.org";>
#. <web-translators@gnu.org></a>.</p>
-#. <p>For information on coordinating and submitting translations of
+#. <p>For information on coordinating and contributing translations of
#. our web pages, see <a
#. href="/server/standards/README.translations.html">Translations
#. README</a>.
#. type: Content of: <div><div><p>
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "Please see the <a href=\"/server/standards/README.translations.html"
+#| "\">Translations README</a> for information on coordinating and "
+#| "contributing translations of this article."
msgid ""
"Please see the <a href=\"/server/standards/README.translations.html"
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+"\">Translations README</a> for information on coordinating and contributing "
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+#| "Copyright © 1998, 2001, 2002, 2005, 2006, 2007, 2008, 2010, 2014, "
+#| "2015, 2017, 2018, 2020 Richard Stallman"
msgid ""
-"Copyright © 1998, 2001, 2002, 2005, 2006, 2007, 2008, 2010, 2014, 2015, "
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msgstr ""
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msgid "Updated:"
msgstr "æåæ´æ°ï¼"
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+#~ "by <a href=\"http://www.stallman.org/\";><strong>Richard Stallman</"
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href=\"/server/standards/README.translations.html"
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+#~ "Copyright © 1998, 2001, 2002, 2005, 2006, 2007, 2008, 2010, 2014, "
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Index: thegnuproject.zh-tw.po
===================================================================
RCS file: /web/www/www/gnu/po/thegnuproject.zh-tw.po,v
retrieving revision 1.44
retrieving revision 1.45
diff -u -b -r1.44 -r1.45
--- thegnuproject.zh-tw.po 24 Oct 2021 07:25:18 -0000 1.44
+++ thegnuproject.zh-tw.po 24 Oct 2021 07:31:39 -0000 1.45
@@ -7,7 +7,7 @@
msgid ""
msgstr ""
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-"POT-Creation-Date: 2020-07-12 02:25+0000\n"
+"POT-Creation-Date: 2021-10-24 07:25+0000\n"
"PO-Revision-Date: 2018-09-02 17:14+0800\n"
"Last-Translator: Cheng-Chia Tseng <pswo10680@gmail.com>\n"
"Language-Team: Chinese <www-zh-tw-translators@gnu.org>\n"
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-#. type: Content of: <h2>
+#. type: Content of: <div><h2>
msgid "The GNU Project"
msgstr "GNU å°æ¡"
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+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid "by <a href=\"http://www.stallman.org/\";>Richard Stallman</a>"
+msgid "by <a href=\"https://www.stallman.org/\";>Richard Stallman</a>"
+msgstr "ä½è
çº <a href=\"http://www.stallman.org/\";>Richard Stallman</a>"
-#. type: Content of: <blockquote><p>
-msgid ""
-"Why it is even more important than ever <a href=\"/philosophy/free-software-"
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-
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msgid "The first software-sharing community"
msgstr "ææ©çè»é«å
±äº«ç¤¾ç¾¤"
-#. type: Content of: <p>
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msgid ""
"When I started working at the <abbr title=\"Massachusetts Institute of "
"Technology\">MIT</abbr> Artificial Intelligence Lab in 1971, I became part "
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+# | The AI Lab used a timesharing operating system called <abbr
+# | title=\"Incompatible Timesharing System\">ITS</abbr> (the Incompatible
+# | Timesharing System) that the lab's staff [-hackers (1)-]
+# | {+hackers <a href=\"#ft1\">[1]</a>+} had designed and written in
+# | assembler language for the Digital <abbr title=\"Programmed Data
+# | Processor\">PDP</abbr>-10, one of the large computers of the era. As a
+# | member of this community, an AI Lab staff system hacker, my job was to
+# | improve this system.
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "The AI Lab used a timesharing operating system called <abbr title="
+#| "\"Incompatible Timesharing System\">ITS</abbr> (the Incompatible "
+#| "Timesharing System) that the lab's staff hackers (1) had designed and "
+#| "written in assembler language for the Digital <abbr title=\"Programmed "
+#| "Data Processor\">PDP</abbr>-10, one of the large computers of the era. "
+#| "As a member of this community, an AI Lab staff system hacker, my job was "
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"The AI Lab used a timesharing operating system called <abbr title="
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-#. type: Content of: <p>
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+# | We did not call our software “free [-software”,-]
+# | {+software,”+} because that term did not yet exist; but that is what
+# | it was. Whenever people from another university or a company wanted to
+# | port and use a program, we gladly let them. If you saw someone using an
+# | unfamiliar and interesting program, you could always ask to see the source
+# | code, so that you could read it, change it, or cannibalize parts of it to
+# | make a new program.
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "We did not call our software “free software”, because that "
+#| "term did not yet exist; but that is what it was. Whenever people from "
+#| "another university or a company wanted to port and use a program, we "
+#| "gladly let them. If you saw someone using an unfamiliar and interesting "
+#| "program, you could always ask to see the source code, so that you could "
+#| "read it, change it, or cannibalize parts of it to make a new program."
msgid ""
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"did not yet exist; but that is what it was. Whenever people from another "
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"them. If you saw someone using an unfamiliar and interesting program, you "
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-#. type: Content of: <p>
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msgid ""
-"(1) The use of “hacker” to mean “security breaker” "
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-"recognize that meaning, and continue using the word to mean someone who "
-"loves to program, someone who enjoys playful cleverness, or the combination "
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-"hacking.html\">On Hacking</a>."
+"Why it is even more important than ever <a href=\"/philosophy/free-software-"
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-#. type: Content of: <h3>
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msgid "The collapse of the community"
msgstr "社群崩解"
-#. type: Content of: <p>
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msgid ""
"The situation changed drastically in the early 1980s when Digital "
"discontinued the PDP-10 series. Its architecture, elegant and powerful in "
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éæ·æ±°ã"
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
+# | The AI Lab hacker community had already collapsed, not long before. In
+# | 1981, the spin-off company Symbolics had hired away nearly all of the
+# | hackers from the AI Lab, and the depopulated community was unable to
+# | maintain itself. (The book [-Hackers,-] {+<cite>Hackers</cite>,+} by
+# | Steve Levy, describes these events, as well as giving a clear picture of
+# | this community in its prime.) When the AI Lab bought a new PDP-10 in
+# | 1982, its administrators decided to use Digital's nonfree timesharing
+# | system instead of ITS.
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "The AI Lab hacker community had already collapsed, not long before. In "
+#| "1981, the spin-off company Symbolics had hired away nearly all of the "
+#| "hackers from the AI Lab, and the depopulated community was unable to "
+#| "maintain itself. (The book Hackers, by Steve Levy, describes these "
+#| "events, as well as giving a clear picture of this community in its "
+#| "prime.) When the AI Lab bought a new PDP-10 in 1982, its administrators "
+#| "decided to use Digital's nonfree timesharing system instead of ITS."
msgid ""
"The AI Lab hacker community had already collapsed, not long before. In "
"1981, the spin-off company Symbolics had hired away nearly all of the "
"hackers from the AI Lab, and the depopulated community was unable to "
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msgid ""
"The idea that the proprietary software social system—the system that "
"says you are not allowed to share or change software—is antisocial, "
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-#. type: Content of: <p>
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+# | When software publishers talk about “enforcing” their
+# | “rights” or “stopping <a
+# | [-href=\"/philosophy/words-to-avoid.html#Piracy\">piracy</a>”,-]
+# | {+href=\"/philosophy/words-to-avoid.html#Piracy\">piracy</a>,”+}
+# | what they actually <em>say</em> is secondary. The real message of these
+# | statements is in the unstated assumptions they take for granted, which the
+# | public is asked to accept without examination. Let's therefore examine
+# | them.
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "When software publishers talk about “enforcing” their “"
+#| "rights” or “stopping <a href=\"/philosophy/words-to-avoid."
+#| "html#Piracy\">piracy</a>”, what they actually <em>say</em> is "
+#| "secondary. The real message of these statements is in the unstated "
+#| "assumptions they take for granted, which the public is asked to accept "
+#| "without examination. Let's therefore examine them."
msgid ""
"When software publishers talk about “enforcing” their “"
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-#. type: Content of: <p>
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-#. type: Content of: <p>
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+# | There is no room here for an extensive statement of the reasoning behind
+# | this conclusion, so I refer the reader to [-the web pages <a
+# | href=\"/philosophy/why-free.html\">
+# | http://www.gnu.org/philosophy/why-free.html</a>-] {+“<a
+# | href=\"/philosophy/why-free.html\">Why Software Should Not Have
+# | Owners</a>,”+} and [-<a
+# | href=\"/philosophy/free-software-even-more-important.html\">
+# | http://www.gnu.org/philosophy/free-software-even-more-important.html</a>.-]
+# | {+“<a
+# | href=\"/philosophy/free-software-even-more-important.html\">Free Software
+# | Is Even More Important Now</a>.”+}
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+#| msgid ""
+#| "There is no room here for an extensive statement of the reasoning behind "
+#| "this conclusion, so I refer the reader to the web pages <a href=\"/"
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+#| "a> and <a href=\"/philosophy/free-software-even-more-important.html\"> "
+#| "http://www.gnu.org/philosophy/free-software-even-more-important.html</a>."
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msgstr "å´é
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msgid ""
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+# | As an operating system developer, I had the right skills for this job. So
+# | even though I could not take success for granted, I realized that I was
+# | elected to do the job. I chose to make the system compatible with Unix so
+# | that it would be portable, and so that Unix users could easily switch to
+# | it. The name GNU was chosen, following a hacker tradition, as a recursive
+# | acronym for “GNU's Not Unix.” It is pronounced as <a
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msgid ""
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msgid ""
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-msgid "Later I heard these words, attributed to Hillel (1):"
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
+# | Later I heard these words, attributed to [-Hillel (1):-] {+Hillel <a
+# | href=\"#ft2\">[2]</a>:+}
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid "Later I heard these words, attributed to Hillel (1):"
+msgid ""
+"Later I heard these words, attributed to Hillel <a href=\"#ft2\">[2]</"
+"a>:"
msgstr "å¾ä¾æè½å°å¸åç¾é·è
(Hillel) æçä¸çéå¸è©± (1)ï¼"
-#. type: Content of: <blockquote><p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><blockquote><p>
msgid "If I am not for myself, who will be for me?"
msgstr "å¦ææä¸çºæï¼èª°ä¾çºæï¼"
-#. type: Content of: <blockquote><p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><blockquote><p>
msgid "If I am only for myself, what am I?"
msgstr "å¦ææåªçºæï¼æåæ¯èª°ï¼"
-#. type: Content of: <blockquote><p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><blockquote><p>
msgid "If not now, when?"
msgstr "å¦æä¸æ¯ç¾å¨ï¼æ´å¾
ä½æï¼"
-#. type: Content of: <p>
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msgid "The decision to start the GNU Project was based on a similar spirit."
msgstr "ç¼èµ· GNU å°æ¡ç決å®åºæ¼é¡ä¼¼çç²¾ç¥ã"
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-msgid ""
-"(1) As an Atheist, I don't follow any religious leaders, but I sometimes "
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ï¼æä¸è·é¨ä»»ä½å®æé
è¢ï¼ä½æå¶ç¾æ欣è³ä»åä¹ä¸æ說çä¸äºè©±ã"
-
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+#. type: Content of: <div><h3>
msgid "Free as in freedom"
msgstr "å¦ Freedom è¬èªç±"
-#. type: Content of: <p>
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msgid ""
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msgid "A program is free software, for you, a particular user, if:"
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ï¼ç¨å¼åªæå¨æ»¿è¶³ä¸åæ¢ä»¶æææ¯èªç±è»é«ï¼"
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msgid "You have the freedom to run the program as you wish, for any purpose."
msgstr "ä½ ææä¾ç
§ä½
æ³æ³å·è¡è©²ç¨å¼çèªç±ï¼ç¡è«ä»»ä½ç¨éã"
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msgid ""
"You have the freedom to modify the program to suit your needs. (To make "
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msgid ""
"You have the freedom to redistribute copies, either gratis or for a fee."
msgstr "ä½ ææå次æ£å¸ç¨å¼å¯æ¬çèªç±ï¼ç¡è«å
è²»ææ¯æ¶è²»ã"
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msgid ""
"You have the freedom to distribute modified versions of the program, so that "
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ä½ çæ¹åèåçã"
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+# | Because of the ambiguity of [-“free”,-]
+# | {+“free,”+} people have long looked for alternatives, but no
+# | one has found a better term. The English language has more words and
+# | nuances than any other, but it lacks a simple, unambiguous, word that
+# | means [-“free”,-] {+“free,”+} as in
+# | freedom—“unfettered” being the word that comes closest
+# | in meaning. Such alternatives as [-“liberated”,
+# | “freedom”,-] {+“liberated,”
+# | “freedom,”+} and “open” have either the wrong
+# | meaning or some other disadvantage.
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+#| msgid ""
+#| "Because of the ambiguity of “free”, people have long looked "
+#| "for alternatives, but no one has found a better term. The English "
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+#| "simple, unambiguous, word that means “free”, as in "
+#| "freedom—“unfettered” being the word that comes closest "
+#| "in meaning. Such alternatives as “liberated”, “"
+#| "freedom”, and “open” have either the wrong meaning or "
+#| "some other disadvantage."
msgid ""
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-#. type: Content of: <h3>
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msgid "GNU software and the GNU system"
msgstr "GNU è»é«è GNU 系統"
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msgid ""
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msgid "Commencing the project"
msgstr "å±éå°æ¡"
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msgid ""
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msgid "The first steps"
msgstr "ææ©çè·¯"
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+# | Shortly before beginning the GNU Project, I heard about the Free
+# | University Compiler Kit, also known as VUCK. (The Dutch word for
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+# | was a compiler designed to handle multiple languages, including C and
+# | Pascal, and to support multiple target machines. I wrote to its author
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+# | I then realized that the Pastel compiler functioned by parsing the entire
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+# | chain of [-“instructions”,-] {+“instructions,”+}
+# | and then generating the whole output file, without ever freeing any
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+# | from scratch. That new compiler is now known as <abbr title=\"GNU
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msgid "Is a program free for every user?"
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+# | The developers of the X Window System did not consider this a
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+# | not freedom, just [-“success”,-] {+“success,”+}
+# | defined as “having many users.” They did not care whether
+# | these users had freedom, only that they should be numerous.
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msgid "Copyleft and the GNU GPL"
msgstr "èä½å³ (Copyleft) å GNU GPL"
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+# | The goal of GNU was to give users freedom, not just to be popular. So we
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+# | The specific implementation of copyleft that we use for most GNU software
+# | is the GNU General Public License, or GNU GPL for short. We have other
+# | kinds of copyleft that are used in specific circumstances. GNU manuals
+# | are copylefted also, but use a much simpler kind of copyleft, because the
+# | complexity of the GNU GPL is not necessary for [-manuals.(2)-]
+# | {+manuals. <a href=\"#ft4\">[4]</a>+}
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+#| msgid ""
+#| "The specific implementation of copyleft that we use for most GNU software "
+#| "is the GNU General Public License, or GNU GPL for short. We have other "
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+#| "are copylefted also, but use a much simpler kind of copyleft, because the "
+#| "complexity of the GNU GPL is not necessary for manuals.(2)"
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msgid "The Free Software Foundation"
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+# | As interest in using Emacs was growing, other people became involved in
+# | the GNU project, and we decided that it was time to seek funding once
+# | again. So in 1985 we created the <a
+# | href=\"http{+s+}://www.fsf.org/\">Free Software Foundation</a> (FSF), a
+# | tax-exempt charity for free software development. The <abbr title=\"Free
+# | Software Foundation\">FSF</abbr> also took over the Emacs tape
+# | distribution business; later it extended this by adding other free
+# | software (both GNU and non-GNU) to the tape, and by selling free manuals
+# | as well.
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "As interest in using Emacs was growing, other people became involved in "
+#| "the GNU project, and we decided that it was time to seek funding once "
+#| "again. So in 1985 we created the <a href=\"http://www.fsf.org/\";>Free "
+#| "Software Foundation</a> (FSF), a tax-exempt charity for free software "
+#| "development. The <abbr title=\"Free Software Foundation\">FSF</abbr> "
+#| "also took over the Emacs tape distribution business; later it extended "
+#| "this by adding other free software (both GNU and non-GNU) to the tape, "
+#| "and by selling free manuals as well."
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+# | Most of the FSF's income used to come from sales of copies of free
+# | software and of other related services (CD-ROMs of source code, CD-ROMs
+# | with binaries, nicely printed manuals, all with the freedom to
+# | redistribute and modify), and Deluxe Distributions (distributions for
+# | which we built the whole collection of software for the customer's choice
+# | of platform). Today the FSF still <a href=\"http{+s+}://shop.fsf.org/\">
+# | sells manuals and other gear</a>, but it gets the bulk of its funding from
+# | members' dues. You can join the FSF at <a
+# | [-href=\"http://fsf.org/join\";>fsf.org</a>.-]
+# | {+href=\"https://my.fsf.org/join\";>fsf.org</a>.+}
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+#| msgid ""
+#| "Most of the FSF's income used to come from sales of copies of free "
+#| "software and of other related services (CD-ROMs of source code, CD-ROMs "
+#| "with binaries, nicely printed manuals, all with the freedom to "
+#| "redistribute and modify), and Deluxe Distributions (distributions for "
+#| "which we built the whole collection of software for the customer's choice "
+#| "of platform). Today the FSF still <a href=\"http://shop.fsf.org/\";> "
+#| "sells manuals and other gear</a>, but it gets the bulk of its funding "
+#| "from members' dues. You can join the FSF at <a href=\"http://fsf.org/join";
+#| "\">fsf.org</a>."
msgid ""
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+# | Free Software Foundation employees have written and maintained a number of
+# | GNU software packages. Two notable ones are the C library and the shell.
+# | The GNU C library is what every program running on a GNU/Linux system uses
+# | to communicate with Linux. It was developed by a member of the Free
+# | Software Foundation staff, Roland McGrath. The shell used on most
+# | GNU/Linux systems is <abbr title=\"Bourne Again Shell\">BASH</abbr>, the
+# | Bourne Again [-Shell(1),-] {+SHell <a href=\"#ft5\">[5]</a>,+} which
+# | was developed by FSF employee Brian Fox.
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "Free Software Foundation employees have written and maintained a number "
+#| "of GNU software packages. Two notable ones are the C library and the "
+#| "shell. The GNU C library is what every program running on a GNU/Linux "
+#| "system uses to communicate with Linux. It was developed by a member of "
+#| "the Free Software Foundation staff, Roland McGrath. The shell used on "
+#| "most GNU/Linux systems is <abbr title=\"Bourne Again Shell\">BASH</abbr>, "
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msgid "Free software support"
msgstr "èªç±è»é«æ¯æ´æå"
-#. type: Content of: <p>
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msgid ""
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+# | Watch out, though—a number of companies that associate themselves
+# | with the term “open source” actually base their business on
+# | nonfree software that works with free software. These are not free
+# | software companies, they are proprietary software companies whose products
+# | tempt users away from freedom. They call these programs
+# | “value-added [-packages”,-] {+packages,”+} which shows
+# | the values they would like us to adopt: convenience above freedom. If we
+# | value freedom more, we should call them “freedom-subtracted”
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+#| "Watch out, though—a number of companies that associate themselves "
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+#| "software companies, they are proprietary software companies whose "
+#| "products tempt users away from freedom. They call these programs “"
+#| "value-added packages”, which shows the values they would like us to "
+#| "adopt: convenience above freedom. If we value freedom more, we should "
+#| "call them “freedom-subtracted” packages."
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msgid "Technical goals"
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+# | [-Today (1),-]{+Today <a href=\"#ft6\">[6]</a>,+} hardly any Unix
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msgid "The GNU Library GPL"
msgstr "GNU å½å¼åº« GPL"
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+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
+# | The GNU C library uses a special kind of copyleft called the GNU Library
+# | General Public [-License(1),-] {+License <a href=\"#ft7\">[7]</a>,+}
+# | which gives permission to link proprietary software with the library. Why
+# | make this exception?
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "The GNU C library uses a special kind of copyleft called the GNU Library "
+#| "General Public License(1), which gives permission to link proprietary "
+#| "software with the library. Why make this exception?"
msgid ""
"The GNU C library uses a special kind of copyleft called the GNU Library "
-"General Public License(1), which gives permission to link proprietary "
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"GNU C å½å¼åº«ä½¿ç¨ä¸ç¨®ç¹æ®çèä½å³å¼ææ¬ï¼ç¨±çº GNU
å½å¼åº«éç¨å
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msgid ""
"It is not a matter of principle; there is no principle that says proprietary "
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"è¦è²¢ç»é£äºé æææçµåæåå享çå°æ¡ï¼ï¼è® C
å½å¼åº«ä½¿ç¨ LGPLï¼ææ¯è®ä»»ä½å½å¼"
"åº«ä½¿ç¨ LGPLï¼æ¯åçç¥åé¡ã"
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msgid ""
"The C library does a generic job; every proprietary system or compiler comes "
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帶ä¾ä»»ä½åªå¢ââåªæè®äººä¸é¡ä½¿ç¨æåçå½"
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"One system is an exception to this: on the GNU system (and this includes GNU/"
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系統ï¼é¼åµä¸å°èªç±è»é«çéç¼ãé£å°±æ¯çºä»éº¼ä½¿ç¨ LGPL
å°æ¼ C å½"
"å¼åº«èè¨æ¯å好çç¥ã"
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msgid ""
"For other libraries, the strategic decision needs to be considered on a case-"
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"æ°å¯«æé¡ç¨å¼æç¹æ®ä½ç¨æï¼é£éº¼å¯ä»¥å°å®ä»¥ GPL
ç¼è¡ï¼éå¶åªè½è®èªç±è»é«åç¨ï¼å¦"
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¶ä»èªç±è»é«éç¼è
ï¼è®ä»åæåªå¢å°æå°æè»é«ã"
-#. type: Content of: <p>
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msgid ""
"Consider GNU Readline, a library that was developed to provide command-line "
"editing for BASH. Readline is released under the ordinary GNU GPL, not the "
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"次æ¸ï¼ä½å°æåä¾èªªæ²æä»éº¼æ失ãç®åï¼è³å°æå好ç¨çæç¨ç¨å¼å
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msgid ""
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"好ç¨ç模çµä½çºå»ºæ§æ°èªç±è»é«çç£å¡ï¼å
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-msgid ""
-"(1) This license is now called the GNU Lesser General Public License, to "
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-"philosophy/why-not-lgpl.html\">Why you shouldn't use the Lesser GPL for your "
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æææå½å¼åº«é½è©²ä½¿ç¨éåææ¬æ¢æ¬¾çæ³æ³ãè«åé±<a
href=\"/"
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LGPL</a> æ·±å
¥ç"
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msgid "Scratching an itch?"
msgstr "æåç¢ï¼"
-#. type: Content of: <p>
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msgid ""
"Eric Raymond says that “Every good work of software starts by "
"scratching a developer's personal itch.” Maybe that happens sometimes, "
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"å§ããæ許é£ç¨®äºæ
å¶ç¾æç¼çï¼ä½æ¯è¨±å¤ GNU
è»é«çéè¦çµä»¶é½æ¯åºæ¼å¸ææé åºå®"
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è¦åè¨ç«ï¼èä¸æ¯è¡åã"
-#. type: Content of: <p>
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msgid ""
"For example, we developed the GNU C library because a Unix-like system needs "
"a C library, BASH because a Unix-like system needs a shell, and GNU tar "
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"tar ç¨å¼ãè³æ¼æææ°å¯«çç¨å¼äº¦æ¯å¦æ¤ââGNU C
ç·¨è¯å¨ãGNU EmacsãGDB å GNU "
"Make çã"
-#. type: Content of: <p>
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msgid ""
"Some GNU programs were developed to cope with specific threats to our "
"freedom. Thus, we developed gzip to replace the Compress program, which had "
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"Privacy Guard ä¾å代åæ¡è¿çéèªç±å å¯è»é«ï¼å çºä½¿ç¨è
ä¸æé·å¨é±ç§èèªç±å
©è
"
"ä¹éåææã"
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msgid ""
"Of course, the people writing these programs became interested in the work, "
"and many features were added to them by various people for the sake of their "
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"ç¶ç¶ï¼æ°å¯«éäºç¨å¼ç人ä¹æéå§å°éé¡å·¥ä½æå°æ趣ï¼èåå¼å樣ç人åºæ¼èªèº«éæ±"
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msgid "Unexpected developments"
msgstr "æªé æçéç¼"
-#. type: Content of: <p>
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msgid ""
"At the beginning of the GNU Project, I imagined that we would develop the "
"whole GNU system, then release it as a whole. That is not how it happened."
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"å¨ GNU å°æ¡åµç«ä¹åï¼ææ³åèæåæå
éç¼åºæ´å GNU
系統ï¼ç¶å¾åæ´å¥ä¸èµ·ç¼"
"è¡ãä¸éç¾å¯¦ä¸¦éå¦æ¤ã"
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msgid ""
"Since each component of the GNU system was implemented on a Unix system, "
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éäºè»é«ä¸¦ç§»æ¤ââ移æ¤å°å種ä¸ç¸å®¹ç Unix
çæ¬ä¸ï¼ä¹ææå被移æ¤å°å
¶ä»ç³»çµ±"
"å»ã"
-#. type: Content of: <p>
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msgid ""
"The process made these programs much more powerful, and attracted both funds "
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"äºç§»æ¤çï¼ä¸¦ä¸çºæ¢æççµä»¶å¢æ·»æ°åè½ï¼æ以è¼å°æ¥çºæ°å¯«å¦ä¸é
GNU éæªæççµ"
"件ã"
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msgid "The GNU Hurd"
msgstr "GNU Hurd"
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msgid ""
"By 1990, the GNU system was almost complete; the only major missing "
"component was the kernel. We had decided to implement our kernel as a "
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§æ
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åææ¿è«¾éã"
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msgid ""
"One reason for choosing this design was to avoid what seemed to be the "
"hardest part of the job: debugging a kernel program without a source-level "
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"é¯ãä½éå»è±ä¸å¾é·ä¸æ®µæéæé漸è¡å¾éï¼å¤å·è¡åºç伺æå¨å½¼æ¤éå³éè¨æ¯åèè®"
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è½ç©©åºå°éä½ã"
-#. type: Content of: <h3>
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msgid "Alix"
msgstr "Alix"
-#. type: Content of: <p>
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msgid ""
"The GNU kernel was not originally supposed to be called the Hurd. Its "
"original name was Alix—named after the woman who was my sweetheart at "
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"åè¦åï¼å¥¹ä»¥èªªç¬è©±çæ¹å¼åæåå說ï¼ãç該æ人ç¨æçåå幫æ
¸å¿å½åçããæä»"
"麼話ä¹æ²èªªï¼åªæ¯ä¸å®æ±ºå¿è¦åä¸ååçº Alix çå
§æ
¸å¿ä¾çµ¦å¥¹é©åã"
-#. type: Content of: <p>
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msgid ""
"It did not stay that way. Michael (now Thomas) Bushnell, the main developer "
"of the kernel, preferred the name Hurd, and redefined Alix to refer to a "
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"Hurd éåå稱ï¼ç¶å¾æ Alix éæ°å®ç¾©çºå
§æ ¸å¿çå
¶ä¸ä¸é¨åââææ系統å¼å«ä¸¦å³éè¨"
"æ¯çµ¦ Hurd 伺æå¨ä¾èçå®åçéé¨åã"
-#. type: Content of: <p>
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msgid ""
"Later, Alix and I broke up, and she changed her name; independently, the "
"Hurd design was changed so that the C library would send messages directly "
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è¨è¨ä¹æ¹äºï¼C å½å¼åº«æç´æ¥å³è¨"
"æ¯çµ¦ä¼ºæå¨ï¼æ以 Alix çµä»¶ä¹å¾è¨è¨ä¸æ¶å¤±äºã"
-#. type: Content of: <p>
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msgid ""
"But before these things happened, a friend of hers came across the name Alix "
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¶ä¸ä¸ä½æåæ¾å¶ç¶ç¼ç¾ Hurd
æºå§ç¢¼ä¸æå Alixï¼æ"
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§æ
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-#. type: Content of: <h3>
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msgid "Linux and GNU/Linux"
msgstr "Linux å GNU/Linux"
-#. type: Content of: <p>
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msgid ""
"The GNU Hurd is not suitable for production use, and we don't know if it "
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"GNU Hurd
ä¸é©åä¸è¬å·¥ä½çç¢ä½¿ç¨ï¼æåä¹ä¸ç¥éå®å°åºè½ä¸è½èµ°å°é£æ¥ã以è½åçºåº"
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æ¥å°åºææ²æå解決æ¹æ¡ã"
-#. type: Content of: <p>
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msgid ""
"Fortunately, another kernel is available. In 1991, Linus Torvalds developed "
"a Unix-compatible kernel and called it Linux. It was proprietary at first, "
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"ä½æ¥ç³»çµ±ãï¼ç¶ç¶ï¼æå®åæå¨ä¸èµ·æ¬èº«ä¹æ¯åå¾éè¦çå·¥ä½ãï¼å
çºæäº Linuxï¼æ"
"åä»æ¥æå¾ä»¥çæ£éè¡ä¸å¥ GNU 系統ã"
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+# | We call this system version <a href=\"/gnu/linux-and-gnu.html\">
+# | GNU/Linux</a>, to express its composition as a combination of the GNU
+# | system with Linux as the kernel. Please don't fall into the practice of
+# | calling the whole system [-“Linux”,-] {+“Linux,”+}
+# | since that means attributing our work to someone else. Please <a
+# | href=\"/gnu/gnu-linux-faq.html\"> give us equal mention</a>.
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "We call this system version <a href=\"/gnu/linux-and-gnu.html\"> GNU/"
+#| "Linux</a>, to express its composition as a combination of the GNU system "
+#| "with Linux as the kernel. Please don't fall into the practice of calling "
+#| "the whole system “Linux”, since that means attributing our "
+#| "work to someone else. Please <a href=\"/gnu/gnu-linux-faq.html\"> give "
+#| "us equal mention</a>."
msgid ""
"We call this system version <a href=\"/gnu/linux-and-gnu.html\"> GNU/Linux</"
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"else. Please <a href=\"/gnu/gnu-linux-faq.html\"> give us equal mention</a>."
msgstr ""
"æåå°é樣ç系統çæ¬ç¨±çº <a
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¨é½æ¸åå¨å¥äººåä¸ãè«<a href="
"\"/gnu/gnu-linux-faq.html\">å¹³çæåæåçè²¢ç»</a>ã"
-#. type: Content of: <h3>
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msgid "Challenges in our future"
msgstr "æåæªä¾çææ°"
-#. type: Content of: <p>
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msgid ""
"We have proved our ability to develop a broad spectrum of free software. "
"This does not mean we are invincible and unstoppable. Several challenges "
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"éæ許å¤ææ°è®èªç±è»é«çæªä¾ä¸ææï¼è¦éæéäºææ°é
è¦æå¿åæ¯
åï¼ææå¾æçº"
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-#. type: Content of: <p>
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msgid "The following four sections discuss these challenges."
msgstr "ä¸é¢ååå°ç¯è¨è«å°åå¥æ¢è¨éäºææ°ã"
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msgid "Secret hardware"
msgstr "ç¥å¯ç¡¬é«"
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msgid ""
"Hardware manufacturers increasingly tend to keep hardware specifications "
"secret. This makes it difficult to write free drivers so that Linux and "
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"å XFree86
è½æ¯æ´æ°ç¡¬é«è®å¾æ´çºå°é£ãéç¶æåä»æ¥å·²ç¶æå®æ´çèªç±ç³»çµ±ï¼ä½åªè¦"
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¦ï¼æåææ¥å°±ç¡æ³ææå®æ´çèªç±ç³»çµ±ã"
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msgid ""
"There are two ways to cope with this problem. Programmers can do reverse "
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"ä¸çæåï¼åå¯ä»¥é¸æèªç±è»é«è½æ¯æ´ç硬é«ï¼åªè¦æåç人æ¸å¢å
ï¼ç¥å¯è¦æ ¼å°±æäº"
"èªææ¯æ»
ççç¥ã"
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+# | Reverse engineering is a big job; will we have programmers with sufficient
+# | determination to undertake it? Yes—if we have built up a strong
+# | feeling that free software is a matter of principle, and nonfree drivers
+# | are intolerable. And will large numbers of us spend extra money, or even
+# | a little extra time, so we can use free drivers? Yes, if the determination
+# | to have freedom is [-widespread.-] {+widespread. <a
+# | href=\"#ft8\">[8]</a>+}
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "Reverse engineering is a big job; will we have programmers with "
+#| "sufficient determination to undertake it? Yes—if we have built up a "
+#| "strong feeling that free software is a matter of principle, and nonfree "
+#| "drivers are intolerable. And will large numbers of us spend extra money, "
+#| "or even a little extra time, so we can use free drivers? Yes, if the "
+#| "determination to have freedom is widespread."
msgid ""
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ç¨å°éèªç±çãBlobãï¼"
-
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msgid "Nonfree libraries"
msgstr "éèªç±å½å¼åº«"
-#. type: Content of: <p>
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msgid ""
"A nonfree library that runs on free operating systems acts as a trap for "
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¶ä»æ²ææ³å°åé¡çç¨å¼è¨è¨å¸«ä¸èµ·è½å
¥åå¥ä¸ã"
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msgid ""
"The first instance of this problem was the Motif toolkit, back in the 80s. "
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å·¥ä½è±äºè¨±å¤å¹´ï¼ç± Hungry
Programmers éç¼ç "
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æç¨ç¨å¼ã"
-#. type: Content of: <p>
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msgid ""
"Between 1996 and 1998, another nonfree <abbr title=\"Graphical User Interface"
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·çµå½å¼åº«ï¼å被ç¨æ¼ <abbr
title=\"K "
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æ¡é¢éå¥å¯¦ç¨çèªç±è»é«éåä¸ã"
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msgid ""
"Free GNU/Linux systems were unable to use KDE, because we could not use the "
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"ââæ´å¤åè½ãä½è¼å°èªç±ç系統æ¼çèªçãKDE
é£ç¾¤äººå¾ç©æ¥µé¼åµç¨å¼è¨è¨å¸«æ¡ç¨ Qtï¼"
"èéæ¸ç¾è¬åæ°æãLinux 使ç¨è
ãä¹å¾æ²æ¥è§¸éé樣åææåé¡çæ³æ³ã"
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msgid ""
"The free software community responded to the problem in two ways: GNOME and "
"Harmony."
msgstr "èªç±è»é«ç¤¾ç¾¤ä»¥å
©é
å°æ¡åæï¼GNOME è Harmonyã"
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msgid ""
"GNOME, the GNU Network Object Model Environment, is GNU's desktop project. "
"Started in 1997 by Miguel de Icaza, and developed with the support of Red "
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"éæä¸äºæè¡ä¸çåªé»ï¼ä¾å¦å»£æ³æ¯æ´è¨±å¤èªè¨ï¼ä¸å®åªæ
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"é»éæ¯èªç±ï¼ä¸é è¦ç¨å°ä»»ä½éèªç±è»é«ã"
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msgid ""
"Harmony is a compatible replacement library, designed to make it possible to "
"run KDE software without using Qt."
msgstr ""
"Harmony æ¯åç¸å®¹çæ¿ä»£å½å¼åº«ï¼è¨è¨å¸æè½å¨ä¸ä½¿ç¨ Qt çæ
æ³ä¸å·è¡ KDE è»é«ã"
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+# | In November 1998, the developers of Qt announced a change of license
+# | which, when carried out, should make Qt free software. There is no way to
+# | be sure, but I think that this was partly due to the community's firm
+# | response to the problem that Qt posed when it was nonfree. (The new
+# | license is inconvenient and inequitable, so it remains desirable to avoid
+# | using [-Qt.)-] {+Qt. <a href=\"#ft9\">[9]</a>)+}
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "In November 1998, the developers of Qt announced a change of license "
+#| "which, when carried out, should make Qt free software. There is no way "
+#| "to be sure, but I think that this was partly due to the community's firm "
+#| "response to the problem that Qt posed when it was nonfree. (The new "
+#| "license is inconvenient and inequitable, so it remains desirable to avoid "
+#| "using Qt.)"
msgid ""
"In November 1998, the developers of Qt announced a change of license which, "
"when carried out, should make Qt free software. There is no way to be sure, "
"but I think that this was partly due to the community's firm response to the "
"problem that Qt posed when it was nonfree. (The new license is inconvenient "
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+"and inequitable, so it remains desirable to avoid using Qt. <a href="
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"1998å¹´11ææï¼Qt çéç¼è
宣å¸æ´åææ¬æ¢æ¬¾ï¼å¯¦ç¾ä¹å¾æ該è½è® Qt è®æèªç±è»é«ã"
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-"[Subsequent note: in September 2000, Qt was rereleased under the GNU GPL, "
-"which essentially solved this problem.]"
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-"[å¾è¨ï¼2000å¹´9æï¼Qt 以 GNU GPL
ææ¬éæ°ç¼è¡ï¼æ確解決äºåè¿°éäºåé¡ã]"
-
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msgid ""
"How will we respond to the next tempting nonfree library? Will the whole "
"community understand the need to stay out of the trap? Or will many of us "
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"æ§åï¼ææ¯æåä¹ä¸æ許å¤äººé¡ææ¨æ£èªç±å°å°±æ¹ä¾¿ï¼æçµç¢çæ´é
大çåé¡ï¼æåç"
"æªä¾å決æ¼æåçç念ææ³ã"
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msgid "Software patents"
msgstr "è»é«å°å©"
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
+# | The worst threat we face comes from software patents, which can put
+# | algorithms and features off limits to free software for up to twenty
+# | years. The LZW compression algorithm patents were applied for in 1983,
+# | and we still cannot release free software to produce proper compressed
+# | <abbr title=\"Graphics Interchange [-Format\">GIF</abbr>s. [As of 2009
+# | they have expired.]-] {+Format\">GIF</abbr>s. <a
+# | href=\"#ft10\">[10]</a>+} In 1998, a free program to produce <abbr
+# | title=\"MPEG-1 Audio Layer 3\">MP3</abbr> compressed audio was removed
+# | from distribution under threat of a patent [-suit. [As of 2017, these
+# | patents have expired. Look how long we had to wait.]-] {+suit. <a
+# | href=\"#ft11\">[11]</a>+}
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "The worst threat we face comes from software patents, which can put "
+#| "algorithms and features off limits to free software for up to twenty "
+#| "years. The LZW compression algorithm patents were applied for in 1983, "
+#| "and we still cannot release free software to produce proper compressed "
+#| "<abbr title=\"Graphics Interchange Format\">GIF</abbr>s. [As of 2009 "
+#| "they have expired.] In 1998, a free program to produce <abbr title="
+#| "\"MPEG-1 Audio Layer 3\">MP3</abbr> compressed audio was removed from "
+#| "distribution under threat of a patent suit. [As of 2017, these patents "
+#| "have expired. Look how long we had to wait.]"
msgid ""
"The worst threat we face comes from software patents, which can put "
"algorithms and features off limits to free software for up to twenty years. "
"The LZW compression algorithm patents were applied for in 1983, and we still "
"cannot release free software to produce proper compressed <abbr title="
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"æåæé¢å°çæå¯æå¨è
ä¾èªè»é«å°å©ãè»é«å°å©è½éå¶èªç±è»é«ä¸è½å¯¦ä½æäºæ¼ç®æ³"
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¨æ¸éæï¼çæåå°åºçäº"
"å¤ä¹
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msgid ""
"There are ways to cope with patents: we can search for evidence that a "
"patent is invalid, and we can look for alternative ways to do a job. But "
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"å©å¯è¿«ä½¿ææèªç±è»é«é½æ¬ 缺æäºä½¿ç¨è
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å¾ï¼å°å©çµæ¼é"
"æï¼ä½é£æåæåè½åäºä»éº¼ï¼"
-#. type: Content of: <p>
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msgid ""
"Those of us who value free software for freedom's sake will stay with free "
"software anyway. We will manage to get work done without the patented "
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"å¾æåçè§é»çï¼å°æ¼æ¨åèªç±è»é«å¾æç¨èï¼ä½æåä¸è©²å°±åå¨é£è£¡ãæåå¿
é é²ä¸"
"æ¥è«è«èªç±ååååé¡ã"
-#. type: Content of: <h3>
+#. type: Content of: <div><h3>
msgid "Free documentation"
msgstr "èªç±æ件"
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"The biggest deficiency in our free operating systems is not in the "
"software—it is the lack of good free manuals that we can include in "
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"質èªç±æåãæ件æ¯ä»»ä½è»é«å
å¿
è¦çä¸é¨åï¼ç¶éè¦çèªç±è»é«å
æ²æé¨éè¯å¥½çèª"
"ç±æåæï¼é£æ¯ä¸å¡å¤§ç¼ºé·ãæåä»æ¥éæ許å¤é樣åç缺é·ã"
-#. type: Content of: <p>
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msgid ""
"Free documentation, like free software, is a matter of freedom, not price. "
"The criterion for a free manual is pretty much the same as for free "
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ç¹å®çèªç±ãå¿
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許å次æ£å¸ï¼å
å«åæ¥é·å®ï¼ï¼ç¡è«åª"
"é«æ¡ç¨ç·ä¸æç´æ¬ï¼å¦æ¤æå便å¾ä»¥ä¼´é¨ç¨å¼å¯æ¬ã"
-#. type: Content of: <p>
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msgid ""
"Permission for modification is crucial too. As a general rule, I don't "
"believe that it is essential for people to have permission to modify all "
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"ä¾å¦ï¼æèªçºä½
ææé½ä¸æç¶ææ¬å©ä¿®æ¹åæ¬æç¸åé¡åçæç« ï¼å
çºæ¬ç¯æç« æè¿°ç"
"æ¯æåçåä½è¡çºåæåçæ³æ³è§é»ã"
-#. type: Content of: <p>
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msgid ""
"But there is a particular reason why the freedom to modify is crucial for "
"documentation for free software. When people exercise their right to modify "
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"æç¨çæ件ãè¥æ¯éèªç±çæåï¼ä¾¿ä¸å
許ç¨å¼è¨è¨å¸«è²»æ¤ç¨å¿å®æä½æ¥ï¼ä¹å°±ç¡æ³æ»¿"
"足æå社群æéã"
-#. type: Content of: <p>
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msgid ""
"Some kinds of limits on how modifications are done pose no problem. For "
"example, requirements to preserve the original author's copyright notice, "
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"ä¿®å¾æ´ç¬¦åä¿®æ¹å¾çç¨å¼çæ¬ãæå¥è©±èªªï¼éäºéå¶ç¡æ³é»æ¢èªç±è»é«ç¤¾ç¾¤å®æ´å©ç¨é"
"份æåã"
-#. type: Content of: <p>
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msgid ""
"However, it must be possible to modify all the <em>technical</em> content of "
"the manual, and then distribute the result in all the usual media, through "
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"ææ常è¦åªé«ãééææå°å¸¸ç®¡éæ£å¸ï¼å¦åï¼éé¡éå¶ç¢ºå¯¦æé»ç¤ç¤¾ç¾¤ï¼é樣ä¸ä¾é"
"份æåå°±ä¸èªç±ï¼æåéè¦æ°å¯«å
¶ä»æåã"
-#. type: Content of: <p>
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msgid ""
"Will free software developers have the awareness and determination to "
"produce a full spectrum of free manuals? Once again, our future depends on "
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"èªç±è»é«éç¼è
æ¯å¦è½è¦ºç¥å°èªç±æåï¼ä¸¦ä¸æ決å¿è£½ä½åºå
¨é¢çèªç±æåå¢ï¼åä¸"
"次ï¼æåçæªä¾å決æ¼æåçç念ææ³ã"
-#. type: Content of: <h3>
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msgid "We must talk about freedom"
msgstr "æåå¿
é è«è«èªç±"
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
+# | Estimates today are that there are ten million users of GNU/Linux systems
+# | such as Debian GNU/Linux and Red Hat [-“Linux”.-]
+# | {+“Linux.”+} Free software has developed such practical
+# | advantages that users are flocking to it for purely practical reasons.
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "Estimates today are that there are ten million users of GNU/Linux systems "
+#| "such as Debian GNU/Linux and Red Hat “Linux”. Free software "
+#| "has developed such practical advantages that users are flocking to it for "
+#| "purely practical reasons."
msgid ""
"Estimates today are that there are ten million users of GNU/Linux systems "
-"such as Debian GNU/Linux and Red Hat “Linux”. Free software has "
+"such as Debian GNU/Linux and Red Hat “Linux.” Free software has "
"developed such practical advantages that users are flocking to it for purely "
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"ä»æ¥ä¼°è¨ç´æä¸åè¬äººä½¿ç¨ GNU/Linux 系統ï¼ä¾å¦ Debian
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"ãLinuxããèªç±è»é«å·²ç¼å±åºå¯¦åä¸çåªå¢ï¼è®ä½¿ç¨è
åç´ç²¹åºæ¼å¯¦åå ç´ ç¾¤éè³æ¤ã"
-#. type: Content of: <p>
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msgid ""
"The good consequences of this are evident: more interest in developing free "
"software, more customers for free software businesses, and more ability to "
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-#. type: Content of: <p>
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msgid ""
"But interest in the software is growing faster than awareness of the "
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"使ç¨è
ç¥éã"
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msgid ""
"But we are failing to do so: the efforts to attract new users into our "
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¬æ°å¸æè²»çè¦å·¥ãæåéè¦å
©è
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æåçåªåéç¶æ"
"平衡ã"
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msgid "“Open Source”"
msgstr "ãéæºã"
-#. type: Content of: <p>
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msgid ""
"Teaching new users about freedom became more difficult in 1998, when a part "
"of the community decided to stop using the term “free software” "
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æéèªç±ä¹äºè®å¾æ´å å°é£ï¼å
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software)ã"
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msgid ""
"Some who favored this term aimed to avoid the confusion of “"
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"æ¼èªç±ãé«æ¼ç¤¾ç¾¤ãé«æ¼ååçæ³æ³ãæ以ï¼ãéæºãéå巧辯è©èç¦å¨ç¢åºé«å質ã"
"強大è»é«çå¯è½æ§ä¸ï¼ä½æ¯è¿´é¿èªç±ã社群ãååéäºæ³æ³ã"
-#. type: Content of: <p>
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msgid ""
"The “Linux” magazines are a clear example of this—they are "
"filled with advertisements for proprietary software that works with GNU/"
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"åãå¦ææä¸ä¸å Motif ææ¯ Qt
åºç¾ï¼éäºéèªé£éæè¦åç¨å¼è¨è¨å¸«è©²é é¢å®åï¼"
"éæ¯æ幫å®æ廣åï¼"
-#. type: Content of: <p>
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msgid ""
"The support of business can contribute to the community in many ways; all "
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å社群çæå±èå
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+# | “Free software” and “open source” describe the
+# | same category of software, more or less, but say different things about
+# | the software, and about values. The GNU Project continues to use the term
+# | “free [-software”,-] {+software,”+} to express the idea
+# | that freedom, not just technology, is important.
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+#| msgid ""
+#| "“Free software” and “open source” describe the "
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+#| "the software, and about values. The GNU Project continues to use the "
+#| "term “free software”, to express the idea that freedom, not "
+#| "just technology, is important."
msgid ""
"“Free software” and “open source” describe the same "
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msgid "Try!"
msgstr "å試ï¼"
-#. type: Content of: <p>
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msgid ""
"Yoda's aphorism (“There is no ‘try’”) sounds neat, "
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msgid ""
"Nowadays, often I'm not the only one. It is a relief and a joy when I see a "
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æºå起身æµæã"
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+# || No change detected. The change might only be in amounts of spaces.
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid "Footnotes"
+msgid "Footnotes"
+msgstr "註é"
+
+#. type: Content of: <div><ol><li>
+# | [-(1)-]The use of “hacker” to mean “security
+# | breaker” is a confusion on the part of the mass media. We hackers
+# | refuse to recognize that meaning, and continue using the word to mean
+# | someone who loves to program, someone who enjoys playful cleverness, or
+# | the combination of the two. See my article, [-<a
+# | href=\"http://stallman.org/articles/on-hacking.html\";>On Hacking</a>.-]
+# | {+“<a href=\"https://stallman.org/articles/on-hacking.html\";>On
+# | Hacking</a>.”+}
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "(1) The use of “hacker” to mean “security "
+#| "breaker” is a confusion on the part of the mass media. We hackers "
+#| "refuse to recognize that meaning, and continue using the word to mean "
+#| "someone who loves to program, someone who enjoys playful cleverness, or "
+#| "the combination of the two. See my article, <a href=\"http://stallman.";
+#| "org/articles/on-hacking.html\">On Hacking</a>."
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+"program, someone who enjoys playful cleverness, or the combination of the "
+"two. See my article, “<a href=\"https://stallman.org/articles/on-";
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+msgstr ""
+"(1) 身çºç¡ç¥è«è
ï¼æä¸è·é¨ä»»ä½å®æé
è¢ï¼ä½æå¶ç¾æ欣è³ä»åä¹ä¸æ說çä¸äºè©±ã"
+
+#. type: Content of: <div><ol><li>
+# | [-(1)-]In 1984 or 1985, Don Hopkins (a very imaginative fellow) mailed me
+# | a letter. [-On-] {+<a href=\"/graphics/copyleft-sticker.html\">On+} the
+# | [-envelope-] {+envelope</a>+} he had written several amusing sayings,
+# | including this one: “Copyleft—all rights reversed.” I
+# | used the word “copyleft” to name the distribution concept I
+# | was developing at the time.
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "(1) In 1984 or 1985, Don Hopkins (a very imaginative fellow) mailed me a "
+#| "letter. On the envelope he had written several amusing sayings, "
+#| "including this one: “Copyleft—all rights reversed.” I "
+#| "used the word “copyleft” to name the distribution concept I "
+#| "was developing at the time."
+msgid ""
+"In 1984 or 1985, Don Hopkins (a very imaginative fellow) mailed me a "
+"letter. <a href=\"/graphics/copyleft-sticker.html\">On the envelope</a> he "
+"had written several amusing sayings, including this one: “"
+"Copyleft—all rights reversed.” I used the word “"
+"copyleft” to name the distribution concept I was developing at the "
+"time."
+msgstr ""
+"(1) å¨1984å¹´æ1985å¹´çæåï¼Don
Hopkinsï¼ä¸ä½å¾ææ³ååçåè¢ï¼æ¾å¯çµ¦æä¸å°"
+"ä¿¡ãå¨ä¿¡å°ä¸ä»å¯«ä¸å¥½å¹¾å¥æ趣ç話ï¼å
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+"æçº ãCopyleft—all rights
reversed.ãï¼ãæ便æ¡ç¨ãèä½å³ãå½åæç¶æ"
+"ç¼å±çæ£å¸æ¦å¿µã"
+
+#. type: Content of: <div><ol><li>
+# | [-(2)-]We now use the <a href=\"/licenses/fdl.html\">GNU Free
+# | Documentation License</a> for documentation.
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "(2) We now use the <a href=\"/licenses/fdl.html\">GNU Free Documentation "
+#| "License</a> for documentation."
+msgid ""
+"We now use the <a href=\"/licenses/fdl.html\">GNU Free Documentation "
+"License</a> for documentation."
+msgstr ""
+"(2) æåçæ件ç¾å¨ä½¿ç¨ <a href=\"/licenses/fdl.html\">GNU
èªç±æ件ææ¬ (Free "
+"Documentation License)</a>ã"
+
+#. type: Content of: <div><ol><li>
+# | [-(1)-]“Bourne Again Shell” is a play on the name
+# | “Bourne [-Shell”,-] {+Shell,”+} which was the usual
+# | shell on Unix.
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "(1) “Bourne Again Shell” is a play on the name “Bourne "
+#| "Shell”, which was the usual shell on Unix."
+msgid ""
+"“Bourne Again Shell” is a play on the name “Bourne Shell,"
+"” which was the usual shell on Unix."
+msgstr ""
+"(1)ãBourne Again Shellãæ¯å°ãBourne
Shellãä½çæåéæ²ï¼Bourne Shell æ¯ "
+"Unix ä¸å¸¸è¦çå¤è¡¨æ®¼ã"
+
+#. type: Content of: <div><ol><li>
+# | [-(1)-]That was written in 1998. In 2009 we no longer maintain a long
+# | task list. The community develops free software so fast that we can't
+# | even keep track of it all. Instead, we have a list of High Priority
+# | Projects, a much shorter list of projects we really want to encourage
+# | people to write.
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "(1) That was written in 1998. In 2009 we no longer maintain a long task "
+#| "list. The community develops free software so fast that we can't even "
+#| "keep track of it all. Instead, we have a list of High Priority Projects, "
+#| "a much shorter list of projects we really want to encourage people to "
+#| "write."
+msgid ""
+"That was written in 1998. In 2009 we no longer maintain a long task list. "
+"The community develops free software so fast that we can't even keep track "
+"of it all. Instead, we have a list of High Priority Projects, a much "
+"shorter list of projects we really want to encourage people to write."
+msgstr ""
+"(1)
æéé»çº1998å¹´ãå°äº2009å¹´ï¼æåå·²ä¸åç¶è·é樣ä¸ä»½åé·çå·¥ä½å表ã社群é"
+"ç¼èªç±è»é«çé度ä¹å¿«ä»¥è³æ¼æåç¡æ³è·å¾ä¸è¨éçè
³æ¥ãæåæ¹çºç¶è·ãé«åªå
å°"
+"æ¡ãå表ï¼ä¸ä»½æåé常æ³è¦é¼åµäººåæ°å¯«çå°æ¡åå®ï¼é·åº¦è¼çã"
+
+#. type: Content of: <div><ol><li>
+# | [-(1)-]This license is now called the GNU Lesser General Public License,
+# | to avoid giving the idea that all libraries ought to use it. See <a
+# | href=\"/philosophy/why-not-lgpl.html\">Why you shouldn't use the Lesser
+# | GPL for your next library</a> for more information.
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "(1) This license is now called the GNU Lesser General Public License, to "
+#| "avoid giving the idea that all libraries ought to use it. See <a href=\"/"
+#| "philosophy/why-not-lgpl.html\">Why you shouldn't use the Lesser GPL for "
+#| "your next library</a> for more information."
+msgid ""
+"This license is now called the GNU Lesser General Public License, to avoid "
+"giving the idea that all libraries ought to use it. See <a href=\"/"
+"philosophy/why-not-lgpl.html\">Why you shouldn't use the Lesser GPL for your "
+"next library</a> for more information."
+msgstr ""
+"(1) éåææ¬æ¢æ¬¾ç®åå·²ç¶æ¹ç¨±çº GNU 寬é¬éç¨å
¬ç¾ææ¬
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+"License)ï¼é¿å
é
æææå½å¼åº«é½è©²ä½¿ç¨éåææ¬æ¢æ¬¾çæ³æ³ãè«åé±<a
href=\"/"
+"philosophy/why-not-lgpl.html\">çºä½ä½ ä¸æ該è®ä½ ä¸åå½å¼åº«ä½¿ç¨
LGPL</a> æ·±å
¥ç"
+"解æ´å¤è³è¨ã"
+
+#. type: Content of: <div><ol><li>
+# | [-(-]2008 note: this issue extends to the BIOS as well. There is a free
+# | BIOS, <a [-href=\"http://www.libreboot.org/\";>LibreBoot</a>-]
+# | {+href=\"https://libreboot.org/\";>LibreBoot</a>+} (a distribution of
+# | coreboot); the problem is getting specs for machines so that LibreBoot can
+# | support them without nonfree [-“blobs”.)-]
+# | {+“blobs.”+}
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "(2008 note: this issue extends to the BIOS as well. There is a free "
+#| "BIOS, <a href=\"http://www.libreboot.org/\";>LibreBoot</a> (a distribution "
+#| "of coreboot); the problem is getting specs for machines so that LibreBoot "
+#| "can support them without nonfree “blobs”.)"
+msgid ""
+"2008 note: this issue extends to the BIOS as well. There is a free BIOS, <a "
+"href=\"https://libreboot.org/\";>LibreBoot</a> (a distribution of coreboot); "
+"the problem is getting specs for machines so that LibreBoot can support them "
+"without nonfree “blobs.”"
+msgstr ""
+"ï¼2008年註ï¼éåè°é¡ä¹å»¶ä¼¸å° BIOSãæåèªç±ç BIOSï¼<a
href=\"http://www.";
+"libreboot.org/\">LibreBoot</a>ï¼coreboot
çæ£å¸çï¼ï¼åé¡å¨æ¼è¦åå¾æ©å¨çè¦"
+"æ ¼ï¼å¦æ¤ LibreBoot æå¾ä»¥æ¯æ´éäºè¨åèä¸å¿
ç¨å°éèªç±çãBlobãï¼"
+
+#. type: Content of: <div><ol><li>
+# | [-[Subsequent note: in-]{+In+} September 2000, Qt was rereleased under the
+# | GNU GPL, which essentially solved this problem.[-]-]
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "[Subsequent note: in September 2000, Qt was rereleased under the GNU GPL, "
+#| "which essentially solved this problem.]"
+msgid ""
+"In September 2000, Qt was rereleased under the GNU GPL, which essentially "
+"solved this problem."
+msgstr ""
+"[å¾è¨ï¼2000å¹´9æï¼Qt 以 GNU GPL
ææ¬éæ°ç¼è¡ï¼æ確解決äºåè¿°éäºåé¡ã]"
+
+#. type: Content of: <div><ol><li>
+msgid "As of 2009, the GIF patents have expired."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <div><ol><li>
+msgid ""
+"As of 2017, the MP3 patents have expired. Look how long we had to wait."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <div><div><p>
+# | Originally published in the book [-<em>Open Sources</em>.-] {+<cite>Open
+# | Sources</cite>.+} Richard Stallman was <a
+# | href=\"/philosophy/open-source-misses-the-point.html\"> never a supporter
+# | of “open source”</a>, but contributed this article so that the
+# | ideas of the free software movement would not be entirely absent from that
+# | book.
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "Originally published in the book <em>Open Sources</em>. Richard Stallman "
+#| "was <a href=\"/philosophy/open-source-misses-the-point.html\"> never a "
+#| "supporter of “open source”</a>, but contributed this article "
+#| "so that the ideas of the free software movement would not be entirely "
+#| "absent from that book."
+msgid ""
+"Originally published in the book <cite>Open Sources</cite>. Richard "
+"Stallman was <a href=\"/philosophy/open-source-misses-the-point.html\"> "
+"never a supporter of “open source”</a>, but contributed this "
+"article so that the ideas of the free software movement would not be "
+"entirely absent from that book."
+msgstr ""
+"æç« åè¼æ¼ <em>Open Sources</em> ä¸æ¸ä¸ãçæ¥ã»å²ææ¼å
ç
(Richard Stallman)"
+"<a href=\"/philosophy/open-source-misses-the-point.html\">
å¾ä¾ä¸æ¯ãéæºãæ"
+"ãOpen Sourceãçæ¯æè
</a>ï¼ä½åºæ¼ä¸é¡è®èªç±è»é«éåçæ³æ³å¨è©²æ¸ä¸å®å
¨ç¼ºå¸è"
+"寫ä¸æ¬æã"
+
#. TRANSLATORS: Use space (SPC) as msgstr if you don't have notes.
#. type: Content of: <div>
msgid "*GNUN-SLOT: TRANSLATOR'S NOTES*"
@@ -1954,14 +2458,23 @@
#. Please send your comments and general suggestions in this regard
#. to <a href="mailto:web-translators@gnu.org";>
#. <web-translators@gnu.org></a>.</p>
-#. <p>For information on coordinating and submitting translations of
+#. <p>For information on coordinating and contributing translations of
#. our web pages, see <a
#. href="/server/standards/README.translations.html">Translations
#. README</a>.
#. type: Content of: <div><div><p>
+# | Please see the <a
+# | href=\"/server/standards/README.translations.html\">Translations
+# | README</a> for information on coordinating and [-submitting-]
+# | {+contributing+} translations of this article.
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "Please see the <a href=\"/server/standards/README.translations.html"
+#| "\">Translations README</a> for information on coordinating and submitting "
+#| "translations of this article."
msgid ""
"Please see the <a href=\"/server/standards/README.translations.html"
-"\">Translations README</a> for information on coordinating and submitting "
+"\">Translations README</a> for information on coordinating and contributing "
"translations of this article."
msgstr ""
"æååªåç¡æè½æä¾è²¼åãå質è¯åçç¿»è¯ãç¶èï¼æåç¡æ³åå
¨åç¾ï¼éè«å°ä½ çæ"
@@ -1971,9 +2484,15 @@
"å®ã"
#. type: Content of: <div><p>
+# | Copyright © 1998, [-2001, 2002,-] 2005, [-2006, 2007,-] 2008, 2010,
+# | 201[-4-]{+2+}, 2015, 2017, 2018, 202[-0-]{+1+} Richard Stallman
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "Copyright © 1998, 2001, 2002, 2005, 2006, 2007, 2008, 2010, 2014, "
+#| "2015, 2017, 2018, 2020 Richard Stallman"
msgid ""
-"Copyright © 1998, 2001, 2002, 2005, 2006, 2007, 2008, 2010, 2014, 2015, "
-"2017, 2018, 2020 Richard Stallman"
+"Copyright © 1998, 2005, 2008, 2010, 2012, 2015, 2017, 2018, 2021 "
+"Richard Stallman"
msgstr ""
"Copyright © 1998, 2001, 2002, 2005, 2006, 2007, 2008, 2010, 2014, 2015, "
"2017, 2018, 2020 Richard Stallman"
@@ -1999,10 +2518,9 @@
msgid "Updated:"
msgstr "æ´æ°æé︰"
-#. type: Content of: <div><p>
-msgid ""
-"Copyright © 1998, 2001, 2002, 2005, 2006, 2007, 2008, 2010, 2014, 2015, "
-"2017, 2018, 2020, 2021 Richard Stallman"
-msgstr ""
-"Copyright © 1998, 2001, 2002, 2005, 2006, 2007, 2008, 2010, 2014, 2015, "
-"2017, 2018, 2020, 2021 Richard Stallman"
+#~ msgid ""
+#~ "Copyright © 1998, 2001, 2002, 2005, 2006, 2007, 2008, 2010, 2014, "
+#~ "2015, 2017, 2018, 2020, 2021 Richard Stallman"
+#~ msgstr ""
+#~ "Copyright © 1998, 2001, 2002, 2005, 2006, 2007, 2008, 2010, 2014, "
+#~ "2015, 2017, 2018, 2020, 2021 Richard Stallman"
- www/gnu/po thegnuproject.ar.po thegnuproject.ca...,
GNUN <=