www/philosophy copyright-and-globalization.zh-c...

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Changes by:     GNUN <gnun>     21/10/14 22:31:35

Modified files:
        philosophy     : copyright-and-globalization.zh-cn.html 
        philosophy/po  : copyright-and-globalization.zh-cn-en.html 
                         copyright-and-globalization.zh-cn.po 

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Index: copyright-and-globalization.zh-cn.html
===================================================================
RCS file: /web/www/www/philosophy/copyright-and-globalization.zh-cn.html,v
retrieving revision 1.4
retrieving revision 1.5
diff -u -b -r1.4 -r1.5
--- copyright-and-globalization.zh-cn.html      27 Sep 2021 02:32:23 -0000      
1.4
+++ copyright-and-globalization.zh-cn.html      15 Oct 2021 02:31:35 -0000      
1.5
@@ -18,20 +18,18 @@
 <h2>网络时代的版权和国际化</h2>
 
 <div class="infobox">
-<p>以下是经过编辑的演讲实录。该演讲于 2001 年 4 月 19 
日下午 5 点到 7 点在 <abbr title="Massachusetts
-Institute of Technology">MIT</abbr> 的通讯论坛做出。</p>
+<p>以下是经过编辑的演讲实录。该演讲于 2001 年 4 月 19 
日周四在 <abbr title="Massachusetts Institute of
+Technology">MIT</abbr> 的通讯论坛做出。</p>
 </div>
 <hr class="thin" />
 
 <p>
 <b>DAVID THORBURN，主持人</b>：我们今天的演讲嘉宾——Richard
-Stallmanâ€”â€”æ˜¯è®¡ç®—æœºä¸–ç•Œçš„ä¼ å¥‡äººç‰©ï¼Œè€Œæˆ‘ä¸ºä»–åŒ¹é…å…
±äº«è®²å°çš„受访人的经历就很有教育意义。<abbr>MIT</abbr>
-的一位知名教授对我说，Stallman
+Stallmanâ€”â€”æ˜¯è®¡ç®—æœºä¸–ç•Œçš„ä¼ å¥‡äººç‰©ï¼Œè€Œæˆ‘ä¸ºä»–åŒ¹é…å…
±äº«è®²å°çš„受访人的经历就很有教育意义。MIT 
的一位知名教授对我说，Stallman
 
需要被当作一个圣经寓言中的魔幻人物来理解&mdash;&mdash;就像ä¼
 说的英雄。&ldquo;想象一下,&rdquo;
-他说，&ldquo;摩西或耶利米&mdash;，最好是耶利米。&rdquo;我说，&ldquo;啊，那真是太令人敬仰了。&rdquo;</p>
-<p>
-真的很棒。这使我进一步确信了他对世界做出的贡献。那么ä½
 为什么迟迟不肯和他å…
±äº«è®²å°å‘¢ï¼Ÿ&rdquo;他回答说：&ldquo;就像耶利米或摩西一æ 
·ï¼Œä»–会直接碾压我的。虽然我不要和他出现在一个舞台上，但是如果ä½
 问我世界上现在还在世的
-5 个真正帮助了大家的人，Richard Stallman 是å…
¶ä¸­ä¹‹ä¸€ã€‚&rdquo;</p>
+他说，&ldquo;摩西或耶利米&mdash;，最好是耶利米。&rdquo;我说，&ldquo;啊，那真是太令人敬仰了。这让我感觉是和他对世界的贡献是相é
…çš„。那么又是什么让我不想和他共享讲台呢?&rdquo;
+他回答说：&ldquo;就象摩西或耶利米，他的å…
‰èŠ’ä¼šç›´æŽ¥ç§’æ€æŽ‰æˆ‘ã€‚æˆ‘ä¸ä¼šå’Œä»–ä¸€èµ·ä¸Šè®²å°çš„ï¼Œä½†æ˜¯å¦‚æžœä½ 
问我真正帮助到大家、尚在世上的人名，Richard
+Stallman 会在前五个人之中。&rdquo;</p>
 <p>
 <b>RICHARD STALLMAN</b>：我应该
 [以解释我为什么拒绝了该论坛被网播来开头]，以å…
å¤§å®¶ä¸å®Œå…¨æ¸…楚å…
¶ä¸­çš„问题：网播的软件要求用户下载某些软件来接收广播内
容。这个软件不是自由软件。它可以å…
è´¹èŽ·å¾—ï¼Œä¸è¿‡åªæ˜¯å¯æ‰§è¡Œæ–‡ä»¶â€”â€”ä¸€å †ç¥žç§˜çš„æ•°å­—ã€‚</p>
@@ -47,7 +45,7 @@
 å½“ç„¶ï¼Œäººä»¬ä¹Ÿä¼šé—®ä¸€äº›æ„šè ¢çš„é—®é¢˜ï¼Œæ¯”å¦‚ 
&ldquo;那么，硬件是否应该是自由的呢？&rdquo; 
&ldquo;这个话筒是否应该是自由的？&rdquo;</p>
 <p>
 å¯æ˜¯ï¼Œè¿™æ˜¯ä»€ä¹ˆæ„æ€å‘¢ï¼Ÿæ˜¯ä½ 
æœ‰è‡ªç”±å¤åˆ¶å’Œæ›´æ”¹å®ƒå—ï¼Ÿå¥½å§ï¼Œå¯¹äºŽæ›´æ”¹ï¼Œå¦‚æžœæ˜¯ä½ 
ä¹°çš„è¯ç­’ï¼Œæ²¡äººä¼šæ‹¦ç€ä½ 
更改它。对于复制，没有人有复制话筒的机器。除了在
-&ldquo;Star Trek&rdquo;
+<cite>Star Trek</cite>
 
里，而那些并不存在。也许将来有纳米科技的分析器和重构器，而复制物理器件成为可能，那时是否有自由复制物理器件的问题就开始真正重要起来。如果技术真的发展到那一步，我们会看到食品å
…
¬å¸ä¼å›¾é˜»æ­¢äººä»¬å¤åˆ¶é£Ÿå“ï¼Œè¿™å°†æ˜¯ä¸€ä¸ªé‡è¦çš„政治问题。我不知道会不会那æ
 ·ï¼›ç›®å‰åªæ˜¯å‡æƒ³ã€‚</p>
 <p>
 ä½†æ˜¯å¯¹å…¶ä»–ç±»åž‹çš„ä¿¡æ¯ï¼Œä½ å¯ä»¥æå‡ºè¿™ä¸ªé—®é¢˜ï¼Œå› 
为计算机可以存储任何信息，可想而知，它们可以被复制和修改。所以自由软件的道德问题，用户复制和修改软件的权利，和å
…¶ä»–公开信息的问题是一æ 
·çš„。现在，我要讨论的不是隐私信息，比如，不是私人信息，这些信息本就不应该是å
…¬å¼€çš„ã€‚æˆ‘è¦è®¨è®ºçš„æ˜¯ä½ 对å…
¬å¼€å¯å¾—信息的权利，我们并不试图对这些信息保密。</p>
@@ -119,7 +117,7 @@
 DVD çš„æ ¼å¼ã€‚ç„¶è€Œï¼Œç¾Žå›½åœ¨é˜»æ­¢äººä»¬åˆ†å‘å·²ç»å…
¬å¼€çš„信息方面还是世界的领头羊。</p>
 <p>
 
不过，美国并不是第一个重视这件事的国家。前苏联曾对此非常重视。在前苏联æ—
 授权复制和分发被称为
-Samizdat，为了界定这些行为，他们制定了一系列方法：第一，每台复印机都有人看守并监督和阻止人们非法复制。第二，对非法复制è€
…è¿›è¡Œä¸¥åŽ‰çš„å¤„ç½šã€‚ä½ å¯èƒ½å› 
此被流放到西伯利亚。第三，安插线人，让每个人向警察汇报å
…¶é‚»å±…和同事的活动。第四，连带责任&mdash;&mdash;ä½ ï¼ä½ 
å¯¹ä¸€ç»„äººè´Ÿè´£ï¼å¦‚æžœæˆ‘æŠ“åˆ°å…¶ä¸­ä»»ä½•äººè¿è§„ï¼Œé‚£ä¹ˆä½ 
ä¹Ÿè¦è¿›ç›‘ç‹±ã€‚å› æ­¤ï¼Œæœ€å¥½çœ‹ç´§ç‚¹ã€‚ç¬¬äº”ï¼Œå®£ä¼ 
，从儿童开始灌输只有可恶的敌人才会非法复制的思想。</p>
+<i>Samizdat</i>，为了界定这些行为，他们制定了一系列方法：第一，每台复印机都有人看守并监督和阻止人们非法复制。第二，对非法复制è€
…è¿›è¡Œä¸¥åŽ‰çš„å¤„ç½šã€‚ä½ å¯èƒ½å› 
此被流放到西伯利亚。第三，安插线人，让每个人向警察汇报å
…¶é‚»å±…和同事的活动。第四，连带责任&mdash;&mdash;ä½ ï¼ä½ 
å¯¹ä¸€ç»„äººè´Ÿè´£ï¼å¦‚æžœæˆ‘æŠ“åˆ°å…¶ä¸­ä»»ä½•äººè¿è§„ï¼Œé‚£ä¹ˆä½ 
ä¹Ÿè¦è¿›ç›‘ç‹±ã€‚å› æ­¤ï¼Œæœ€å¥½çœ‹ç´§ç‚¹ã€‚ç¬¬äº”ï¼Œå®£ä¼ 
，从儿童开始灌输只有可恶的敌人才会非法复制的思想。</p>
 <p>
 现在，美国也在使用同æ 
·çš„方法。第一，看守复制设备。虽然，在复印店，看管人可以查看ä½
 å¤å°çš„ä¸œè¥¿ã€‚ä½†æ˜¯ï¼Œç”¨äººæ¥çœ‹ç®¡ä½ 
åœ¨ç”µè„‘é‡Œå¤åˆ¶ä¸œè¥¿å°±å¤ªæ˜‚è´µäº†ï¼›äººå·¥å¤ªé«˜ã€‚å› 
此，他们安排了机器警卫。这就是数字千禧版权法案的目的。这个软件会安è£
…åœ¨ä½ çš„ç”µè„‘é‡Œï¼›è¿™æ˜¯ä½ è®¿é—®æœ‰å…
³æ•°æ®çš„å”¯ä¸€é€”ç»ï¼Œè€Œä¸”å®ƒä¼šé˜²æ­¢ä½ 复制。</p>
 <p>
@@ -197,7 +195,7 @@
 ç¾Žå…ƒã€‚å¦‚æžœä½ çœŸçš„å¾ˆå–œæ¬¢è¿™ä¸ªä½œå“ï¼Œä½ 
ä¹Ÿèƒ½å¤šæ¬¡ç»™é’±ã€‚è¿™äº›é’±è¦æ¯”ä½œå®¶å’Œè‰ºæœ¯å®¶çŽ°åœ¨ä»Žé”€å”®ä¸€å¼  CD
 里获得的微薄收益要高。以作家和音乐家的名义对å…
¬ä¼—要求å…
¨éƒ¨ç‰ˆæƒçš„发行商从来都是在欺骗作家和音乐家，并没有给他们应得的份额。</p>
 <p>
-我建议大家读一下 Courtney Love 在 &ldquo;Salon&rdquo;
+我建议大家读一下 Courtney Love 在 <cite>Salon</cite>
 æ‚å¿—çš„ä¸€ç¯‡æ–‡ç« 
，它讲得是海盗使用音乐家作品而不付费的计划。海盗指的就是录音å
…¬å¸ï¼Œä»–们平均只付给音乐家销售额的 4%
 作为报é…
¬ã€‚当然，非常成功的音乐家获得较高的份额。他们得到大销售额的高于
 4% 的分成，而大多数音乐家只得到小销售额的低于 4% 
的分成。</p>
 <p>
@@ -478,7 +476,7 @@
 <p class="unprintable"><!-- timestamp start -->
 最后更新：
 
-$Date: 2021/09/27 02:32:23 $
+$Date: 2021/10/15 02:31:35 $
 
 <!-- timestamp end -->
 </p>

Index: po/copyright-and-globalization.zh-cn-en.html
===================================================================
RCS file: /web/www/www/philosophy/po/copyright-and-globalization.zh-cn-en.html,v
retrieving revision 1.2
retrieving revision 1.3
diff -u -b -r1.2 -r1.3
--- po/copyright-and-globalization.zh-cn-en.html        27 Sep 2021 02:32:24 
-0000      1.2
+++ po/copyright-and-globalization.zh-cn-en.html        15 Oct 2021 02:31:35 
-0000      1.3
@@ -16,8 +16,7 @@
 <div class="infobox">
 <p>The following is an edited transcript from a speech given
 at <abbr title="Massachusetts Institute of Technology">MIT</abbr> in
-the Communications Forum on Thursday, April 19, 2001 from 5:00pm -
-7:00pm</p>
+the Communications Forum on Thursday, April 19, 2001.</p>
 </div>
 <hr class="thin" />
 
@@ -30,8 +29,7 @@
 biblical parable&mdash;a kind of Old Testament anecdote-lesson.
 &ldquo;Imagine,&rdquo; he said, &ldquo;a Moses or a Jeremiah&mdash;better
 a Jeremiah.&rdquo; And I said, &ldquo;Well, that's very
-admirable.&rdquo;</p>
-<p>
+admirable.
 That sounds wonderful.  It confirms my sense of the kind of
 contribution he has made to the world.  Then why are you reluctant to
 share the podium with him?&rdquo; His answer: &ldquo;Like Jeremiah or
@@ -72,7 +70,7 @@
 Well, what does that mean?  Should you be free to copy it and change
 it?  Well, as for changing it, if you buy the microphone, nobody is
 going to stop you from changing it.  And as for copying it, nobody has
-a microphone copier.  Outside of &ldquo;Star Trek,&rdquo; those things
+a microphone copier.  Outside of <cite>Star Trek</cite>, those things
 don't exist.  Maybe some day there'll be nanotechnological analyzers
 and assemblers, and it really will be possible to copy a physical
 object, and then these issues of whether you're free to do that will
@@ -338,7 +336,7 @@
 <p>
 The U.S. though is not the first country to make a priority of this.
 The Soviet Union treated it as very important.  There this
-unauthorized copying and redistribution was known as Samizdat and to
+unauthorized copying and redistribution was known as <i>samizdat</i> and to
 stamp it out, they developed a series of methods: First, guards
 watching every piece of copying equipment to check what people were
 copying to prevent forbidden copying.  Second, harsh punishments for
@@ -552,19 +550,19 @@
 the only thing that people really need to be allowed to do.</p>
 <p>
 The next question is: Should people have the right to do commercial
-verbatim copying?  Or is non-commercial enough?  You see, these are
+verbatim copying?  Or is noncommercial enough?  You see, these are
 two different activities we can distinguish, so that we can consider
-the questions separately&mdash;the right to do non-commercial
+the questions separately&mdash;the right to do noncommercial
 verbatim copying and the right to do commercial verbatim copying.
 Well, it might be a good compromise policy to have copyright cover
 commercial verbatim copying but allow everyone the right to do
-non-commercial verbatim copying.  This way, the copyright on the
+noncommercial verbatim copying.  This way, the copyright on the
 commercial verbatim copying, as well as on all modified versions&mdash;only
 the author could approve a modified version&mdash;would
 still provide the same revenue stream that it provides now to fund the
 writing of these works, to whatever extent it does.</p>
 <p>
-By allowing the non-commercial verbatim copying, it means the
+By allowing the noncommercial verbatim copying, it means the
 copyright no longer has to intrude into everybody's home.  It becomes
 an industrial regulation again, easy to enforce and painless, no
 longer requiring draconian punishments and informers for the sake of
@@ -630,7 +628,7 @@
 public in the name of the authors and musicians are giving those
 authors and musicians the shaft all the time.</p>
 <p>
-I recommend you read Courtney Love's article in &ldquo;Salon&rdquo;
+I recommend you read Courtney Love's article in <cite>Salon</cite>
 magazine, an article about pirates that plan to use musicians' work
 without paying them.  These pirates are the record companies that pay
 musicians 4% of the sales figures, on the average.  Of course, the
@@ -878,7 +876,7 @@
 <p>
 <b>STALLMAN</b>:  No.  That's not what I proposed.  Remember, I'm proposing
 that there should be copyright covering commercial distribution and
-permitting only verbatim redistribution non-commercially.  So anyone
+permitting only verbatim redistribution noncommercially.  So anyone
 who modified it to put in a pointer to his website, instead of a
 pointer to the real author's website, would still be infringing the
 copyright and could be sued exactly as he could be sued today.</p>
@@ -1088,7 +1086,7 @@
 care to lay out for us?</p>
 <p>
 <b>STALLMAN</b>:  Well, the idea of giving everyone permission for
-non-commercial verbatim copying of two kinds of works, certainly, may
+noncommercial verbatim copying of two kinds of works, certainly, may
 be thought of as extending what fair use is.  It's bigger than what's
 fair use currently. If your idea is that the public trades away
 certain freedoms to get more progress, then you can draw the line at
@@ -1100,18 +1098,18 @@
 So, for example, copyright does not prevent us from singing Christmas
 carols seasonally but it prevents the public performance.  And I'm
 wondering if it might be useful to think about instead of expanding
-fair use to unlimited, non-commercial, verbatim copying, to something
+fair use to unlimited, noncommercial, verbatim copying, to something
 less than that but more than the present concept of fair use.</p>
 <p>
 <b>STALLMAN</b>:  I used to think that that might be enough, and then Napster
 convinced me otherwise because Napster is used by its users for
-non-commercial, verbatim redistribution.  The Napster server, itself,
+noncommercial, verbatim redistribution.  The Napster server, itself,
 is a commercial activity but the people who are actually putting
-things up are doing so non-commercially, and they could have done so
+things up are doing so noncommercially, and they could have done so
 on their websites just as easily.  The tremendous excitement about,
 interest in, and use of Napster shows that that's very useful.  So I'm
 convinced now that people should have the right to publicly
-non-commercially, redistributed, verbatim copies of everything.</p>
+noncommercially, redistributed, verbatim copies of everything.</p>
 <p>
 <b>QUESTION</b>: One analogy that was recently suggested to me for the
 whole Napster question was the analogy of the public library.  I
@@ -1322,7 +1320,7 @@
 
 <p class="unprintable">Updated:
 <!-- timestamp start -->
-$Date: 2021/09/27 02:32:24 $
+$Date: 2021/10/15 02:31:35 $
 <!-- timestamp end -->
 </p>
 </div>

Index: po/copyright-and-globalization.zh-cn.po
===================================================================
RCS file: /web/www/www/philosophy/po/copyright-and-globalization.zh-cn.po,v
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retrieving revision 1.16
diff -u -b -r1.15 -r1.16
--- po/copyright-and-globalization.zh-cn.po     15 Oct 2021 01:59:51 -0000      
1.15
+++ po/copyright-and-globalization.zh-cn.po     15 Oct 2021 02:31:35 -0000      
1.16
@@ -14,7 +14,6 @@
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 "Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8\n"
 "Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit\n"
-"X-Outdated-Since: 2021-10-14 13:25+0000\n"
 
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