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www/gnu po/why-gnu-linux.translist po/why-gnu-l...


From: GNUN
Subject: www/gnu po/why-gnu-linux.translist po/why-gnu-l...
Date: Tue, 12 Oct 2021 13:32:22 -0400 (EDT)

CVSROOT:        /web/www
Module name:    www
Changes by:     GNUN <gnun>     21/10/12 13:32:22

Modified files:
        gnu/po         : why-gnu-linux.translist why-gnu-linux.zh-tw.po 
Added files:
        gnu            : why-gnu-linux.zh-tw.html 
        gnu/po         : why-gnu-linux.zh-tw-en.html 

Log message:
        Automatic update by GNUnited Nations.

CVSWeb URLs:
http://web.cvs.savannah.gnu.org/viewcvs/www/gnu/why-gnu-linux.zh-tw.html?cvsroot=www&rev=1.1
http://web.cvs.savannah.gnu.org/viewcvs/www/gnu/po/why-gnu-linux.translist?cvsroot=www&r1=1.21&r2=1.22
http://web.cvs.savannah.gnu.org/viewcvs/www/gnu/po/why-gnu-linux.zh-tw.po?cvsroot=www&r1=1.4&r2=1.5
http://web.cvs.savannah.gnu.org/viewcvs/www/gnu/po/why-gnu-linux.zh-tw-en.html?cvsroot=www&rev=1.1

Patches:
Index: po/why-gnu-linux.translist
===================================================================
RCS file: /web/www/www/gnu/po/why-gnu-linux.translist,v
retrieving revision 1.21
retrieving revision 1.22
diff -u -b -r1.21 -r1.22
--- po/why-gnu-linux.translist  15 Mar 2020 18:34:42 -0000      1.21
+++ po/why-gnu-linux.translist  12 Oct 2021 17:32:22 -0000      1.22
@@ -26,6 +26,7 @@
 <span dir="ltr">[tr]&nbsp;<a lang="tr" hreflang="tr" 
href="/gnu/why-gnu-linux.tr.html">Türkçe</a> &nbsp;</span>
 <span dir="ltr">[uk]&nbsp;<a lang="uk" hreflang="uk" 
href="/gnu/why-gnu-linux.uk.html">українська</a> &nbsp;</span>
 <span dir="ltr">[zh-cn]&nbsp;<a lang="zh-cn" hreflang="zh-cn" 
href="/gnu/why-gnu-linux.zh-cn.html">简体中文</a> &nbsp;</span>
+<span dir="ltr">[zh-tw]&nbsp;<a lang="zh-tw" hreflang="zh-tw" 
href="/gnu/why-gnu-linux.zh-tw.html">繁體中文</a> &nbsp;</span>
 </p>
 </div>' -->
 <link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="/gnu/why-gnu-linux.html" 
hreflang="x-default" />
@@ -53,4 +54,5 @@
 <link rel="alternate" type="text/html" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" 
href="/gnu/why-gnu-linux.tr.html" title="Türkçe" />
 <link rel="alternate" type="text/html" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" 
href="/gnu/why-gnu-linux.uk.html" title="українська" />
 <link rel="alternate" type="text/html" lang="zh-cn" hreflang="zh-cn" 
href="/gnu/why-gnu-linux.zh-cn.html" title="简体中文" />
+<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" lang="zh-tw" hreflang="zh-tw" 
href="/gnu/why-gnu-linux.zh-tw.html" title="繁體中文" />
 <!-- end translist file -->

Index: po/why-gnu-linux.zh-tw.po
===================================================================
RCS file: /web/www/www/gnu/po/why-gnu-linux.zh-tw.po,v
retrieving revision 1.4
retrieving revision 1.5
diff -u -b -r1.4 -r1.5
--- po/why-gnu-linux.zh-tw.po   12 Oct 2021 17:19:53 -0000      1.4
+++ po/why-gnu-linux.zh-tw.po   12 Oct 2021 17:32:22 -0000      1.5
@@ -224,10 +224,10 @@
 msgstr ""
 
"如果釋出自由的替代方案只是程式設計問題的話,隨著社群的開發資源增åŠ
 ï¼Œè§£æ±ºå•é¡Œ"
 "應該只會變得更容易。但我們正面臨一些威脅
,讓程式設計可能會變得更困難:禁止自"
-"由軟體的法律。隨著軟體專利的增長,以及諸如 <abbr 
title=\"數位千禧年著作權"
-"法\">DMCA</abbr> 等禁止開發用於觀看 DVD 或聆聽 RealAudio 
串流的自由軟體的"
-"法律,我們將會發現,除了<strong>拒絕使用非自由軟體以外</strong>,我們沒有任何"
-"方法可以與這些專利與祕密資料格式戰鬥。"
+"由軟體的法律。隨著軟體專利的增長,以及諸如 <abbr 
title=\"數位千禧年著作權法"
+"\">DMCA</abbr> 等禁止開發用於觀看 DVD 或聆聽 RealAudio 
串流的自由軟體的法律,"
+"我們將會發現,除了<strong>拒絕使用非自由軟體以外</strong>,我們沒有任何方法可"
+"以與這些專利與祕密資料格式戰鬥。"
 
 #. type: Content of: <div><p>
 msgid ""

Index: why-gnu-linux.zh-tw.html
===================================================================
RCS file: why-gnu-linux.zh-tw.html
diff -N why-gnu-linux.zh-tw.html
--- /dev/null   1 Jan 1970 00:00:00 -0000
+++ why-gnu-linux.zh-tw.html    12 Oct 2021 17:32:22 -0000      1.1
@@ -0,0 +1,197 @@
+<!--#set var="ENGLISH_PAGE" value="/gnu/why-gnu-linux.en.html" -->
+
+<!--#include virtual="/server/header.zh-tw.html" -->
+<!-- Parent-Version: 1.96 -->
+<!-- This page is derived from /server/standards/boilerplate.html -->
+
+<!-- This file is automatically generated by GNUnited Nations! -->
+<title>為什麼要稱為 GNU/Linux? - GNU 專案 - 
自由軟體基金會</title>
+
+<!--#include virtual="/gnu/po/why-gnu-linux.translist" -->
+<!--#include virtual="/server/banner.zh-tw.html" -->
+<div class="article reduced-width">
+<h2>名稱的重要性</h2>
+
+<address class="byline">作者為 <a href="https://www.stallman.org/";>Richard 
Stallman</a></address>
+
+<p>
+名稱傳達了意義;我們對名稱的選擇決定了我們說出來的話的含義。不恰當的名字會傳達給人們錯誤的想法。有著å
…¶ä»–名字的玫瑰聞起來依然甜美,但如果你
把它叫作筆,那麼人們想要用它來寫字時就會很失望。而如果ä½
 
把筆稱作「玫瑰」,人們可能沒辦法理解它們有什麼用。如果ä½
 æŠŠæˆ‘們的作業系統稱作
+Linux,那就是錯誤的理解系統的起源、歷史與目的。如果你
把它稱為 <a
+href="/gnu/linux-and-gnu.html">GNU/Linux</a>,那麼你
就傳達了(雖然不夠詳細)準確的概念。</p>
+
+<div class="announcement comment" role="complementary">
+<hr class="no-display" />
+<p>要知道關於此議題的更多詳細資訊,你可以閱讀我們的 <a 
href="/gnu/gnu-linux-faq.html">GNU/Linux
+FAQ</a>、我們位於 <a href="/gnu/linux-and-gnu.html">Linux 與 GNU 
計畫</a>的頁面,其中包含了
+GNU/Linux 系統命名爭議的歷史,還有我們位於<a
+href="/gnu/gnu-users-never-heard-of-gnu.html">從未聽過 GNU 的 GNU 
使用者</a>。</p>
+<hr class="no-display" />
+</div>
+
+<p>
+這對我們的社群來說真的重要嗎?人們是否了解系統的起源、歷史與目的重要嗎?當然重要,å›
 ç‚ºå¿˜äº†æ­·å²çš„人經常註定要重蹈覆轍。圍繞著 <a
+href="/gnu/linux-and-gnu.html">GNU/Linux</a> 
所建立起來的自由世界並不保證會永遠
的流傳下去;促使我們開發
+GNU 的問題根源尚未根除,而且他們威脅著要捲土重來。</p>
+
+<p>
+當我解釋為什麼應該要叫作業系統 GNU/Linux 而非 Linux 
時,人們常常會這樣回應:</p>
+
+<blockquote><p>
+<em>即使 GNU
+專案應該獲得這些榮譽,但人們沒有給予榮譽就值得大驚小怪嗎?難道重要的不是工作已經完成,而是誰完成的嗎?ä½
 
應該放鬆一下,為工作完成而自豪,而不是擔心有沒有獲得榮譽。</em>
+</p></blockquote>
+<p>
+如果情
況真的就只是這樣的話,這會是個明智的建議。如果工作已經完成,那當然可以好好放鬆。真希望這是真的!事實是,我們還面臨許多挑戰,未來還有許多變數。我們社群的力量基植於對於自由與合作的承諾。使用
+<a href="/gnu/linux-and-gnu.html">GNU/Linux</a> 
這個名字就是人們提醒自己與告知他人這些目標的一種手段。</p>
+
+<p>
+心中不用掛念著 GNU 也可以編寫出優秀的自由軟體;以 Linux
+為名也誕生了很多優秀的作品。但從第一次被創造
出來開始,&ldquo;Linux&rdquo;
+一詞就代表了一種哲學,它並沒有特別承諾自由合作。隨著企業愈來愈常使用這個名字,我們就愈來愈難將å
…¶èˆ‡ç¤¾ç¾¤ç²¾ç¥žé€£çµèµ·ä¾†ã€‚</p>
+
+<p>
+自由軟體未來的巨大挑戰之一是:來自 &ldquo;Linux&rdquo; 
散佈公司以方便與功能強大的名義向 <a
+href="/gnu/linux-and-gnu.html">GNU/Linux</a>
+加入非自由軟體。所有主要的商業散佈版的開發者
都這麼做;沒有人把自己限制在自由軟體的範圍內。å…
¶ä¸­å¤§å¤šæ•¸ä¸¦æœªåœ¨å…¶æ•£ä½ˆç‰ˆå…§æ¨™ç¤ºéžè‡ªç”±è»Ÿé«”。很多開發者
甚至開發非自由軟體,並將其加入到系統中。有些甚至宣傳
+&ldquo;Linux&rdquo; 系統是「按使用者
數量授權」的,也就是只和 Microsoft Windows 給使用者
的自由一樣多。</p>
+
+<p>
+人們試圖以「Linux 的受歡迎程度」來為加å…
¥éžè‡ªç”±è»Ÿé«”辯護,實際上就是認為「自由誠
可貴,流行價更高」。有時這是被å…
¬é–‹æ‰¿èªçš„。舉例來說,《連線》雜誌說
+Robert McMillan(亦即 Linux 
雜誌的編輯)「覺得開放原始碼軟體前進的動力應該取決於技術,而非政治。」而
 Caldera
+的執行長更是公開敦促使用者<a
+href="https://www.zdnet.com/article/stallman-love-is-not-free/";>放棄自由的目標,而應該為了「Linux
+的流行」而努力</a>。</p>
+
+<p>
+將非自由軟體加入到 <a href="/gnu/linux-and-gnu.html">GNU/Linux</a>
+系統可能會提高受歡迎的程度,如果這是指使用 <a 
href="/gnu/linux-and-gnu.html">GNU/Linux</a>
+加
上使用某些非自由軟體的人數。但同時,這也代表了社群會像接受一件好事那樣接受非自由軟體,並且忘記自由的目標。如果與目標南è½
…北轍,那走得再快也不是好事。</p>
+
+<p>
+當非自由的「附加元件」是函式庫或程式設計工å…
·ï¼Œå®ƒå¯èƒ½æœƒè®Šæˆè‡ªç”±è»Ÿé«”開發者
的陷阱。當他們編寫依賴於非自由軟體包
的自由軟體時,他們的作品便無法被收納入完å…
¨è‡ªç”±çš„系統。Motif
+與 Qt 過去以這種方式困住了很多自由軟體,所造
成的問題花費了數年的時間才得以解決。Motif
+甚至是直到被淘汰、不再被使用時,它的問題才完å…
¨æ¶ˆé™¤ã€‚其後昇陽的非自由 Java 實作也有類似的效果:幸好 <a
+href="/philosophy/java-trap.html">Java 
陷阱</a>現在大多已被修正。</p>
+
+<p>
+如果我們的社群繼續朝這個方向發展,<a 
href="/gnu/linux-and-gnu.html">GNU/Linux</a>
+的未來就會變成自由與非自由å…
ƒä»¶çš„鑲嵌體。五年之後,我們仍會有大量的自由軟體;但是只要我們一不小心,GNU/Linux
+將會變得一旦使用者找不到其期待
的非自由軟體的就無法使用。如果發生這種狀況,那我們的自由運動就失敗了。</p>
+
+<p>
+如果釋出自由的替代方案只是程式設計問題的話,隨著社群的開發資源增åŠ
 ï¼Œè§£æ±ºå•é¡Œæ‡‰è©²åªæœƒè®Šå¾—更容易。但我們正面臨一些威脅
,讓程式設計可能會變得更困難:禁止自由軟體的法律。隨著軟體專利的增長,以及諸如
+<abbr title="數位千禧年著作權法">DMCA</abbr> 
等禁止開發用於觀看 DVD 或聆聽 RealAudio
+串流的自由軟體的法律,我們將會發現,除了<strong>拒絕使用非自由軟體以外</strong>,我們沒有任何方法可以與這些專利與祕密資料æ
 ¼å¼æˆ°é¬¥ã€‚</p>
+
+<p>
+應對這些挑戰需要許多不同面向的努力。但首要之務是記住自由合作的目標。對強大可é
 
軟體的渴望並不足以激勵人們付出很大的努力。我們需要的是人們在為自由與社群奮戰時所展現的決心,這樣的決心才能å¤
 è®“人們持之以恒永不放棄。</p>
+
+<p>
+在我們的社群中,這個目標與決心主要源自於 GNU 
專案。我們是堅定談論關於自由與社群的那一群人;而為 
&ldquo;Linux&rdquo;
+說話的那些組織通常不會討論這個。關於 &ldquo;Linux&rdquo; 
的雜誌通充滿了非自由軟體的廣告;打包
+&ldquo;Linux&rdquo; 系統的公司將非自由軟體放到系統中;其他å…
¬å¸é€éŽé–‹ç™¼åœ¨ GNU/Linux 上執行的非自由軟體來支援
+&ldquo;Linux&rdquo;;&ldquo;Linux&rdquo;
+使用者
群組則會邀請這些軟體的銷售員。社群中的人們有機會接觸到自由與決心議題的地方就是
 GNU 專案。</p>
+
+<p>
+但當人們碰到這些議題的時候,他們還會覺得跟自己有關嗎?</p>
+
+<p>
+如果用戶知道他們在用的系統是來自於 GNU 
專案他們就會看到自己與 GNU
+的直接關係。他們不會自動認同我們的理念,但至少有理由認真思考一下這個問題。反過來,那些認為自己是「Linux
 使用者」,並且認為 GNU
+專案「開發了一些有用的 Linux å·¥å…
·ã€çš„人們,往往只是意識到自己和 GNU 
的非直接關係。在看到 GNU 
的理念時,他們可能只會直接略過。</p>
+
+<p>
+GNU
+專案是理想主義的,而今支持理想主義的人都會遇到巨大的障礙;主流的觀念是促使人們拋棄理想主義,å›
 ç‚ºé‚£æ˜¯ã€Œä¸åˆ‡å¯¦éš›çš„」。我們的理想主義是完å…
¨åˆ‡åˆå¯¦éš›çš„:正因如此,所以我們才有了一個自由的
+<a href="/gnu/linux-and-gnu.html">GNU/Linux</a>
+作業系統。喜愛這個系統人們應該要了解到正是因
為我們的理想主義才得以使這個系統成為現實。</p>
+
+<p>
+如果「工作」已經完成,如果除了榮譽以外沒有其它事情
可做,那麼就此罷手或許是個比較好的選擇。但情
況並非如此。為了激勵人們去完成必
要的工作,我們需要人們認同我們已經完成的工作。請協助我們,請稱這個作業系統為
+<a href="/gnu/linux-and-gnu.html">GNU/Linux</a>。</p>
+
+<hr class="no-display" />
+<div class="edu-note c"><p id="fsfs">本文發表於<a
+href="https://shop.fsf.org/product/free-software-free-society/";><cite>自由軟體,自由社會:理查史托曼文選</cite></a>。</p></div>
+</div>
+
+<div class="translators-notes">
+
+<!--TRANSLATORS: Use space (SPC) as msgstr if you don't have notes.-->
+ </div>
+</div>
+
+<!-- for id="content", starts in the include above -->
+<!--#include virtual="/server/footer.zh-tw.html" -->
+<div id="footer" role="contentinfo">
+<div class="unprintable">
+
+<p>請來信到 <a href="mailto:gnu@gnu.org";>&lt;gnu@gnu.org&gt;</a> 
詢問有關自由軟體基金會(FSF)和
+GNU 的一般問題;或者<a href="/contact/">以å…
¶ä»–方式</a>聯絡自由軟體基金會。至於損毀的連結及å…
¶ä»–修正和建議,可以將之寄給 <a
+href="mailto:webmasters@gnu.org";>&lt;webmasters@gnu.org&gt;</a>。</p>
+
+<p>
+<!-- TRANSLATORS: Ignore the original text in this paragraph,
+        replace it with the translation of these two:
+
+        We work hard and do our best to provide accurate, good quality
+        translations.  However, we are not exempt from imperfection.
+        Please send your comments and general suggestions in this regard
+        to <a href="mailto:web-translators@gnu.org";>
+
+        &lt;web-translators@gnu.org&gt;</a>.</p>
+
+        <p>For information on coordinating and contributing translations of
+        our web pages, see <a
+        href="/server/standards/README.translations.html">Translations
+        README</a>. -->
+我們努力盡所能提供貼切、品質良善的翻譯。然而,我們無法十å
…¨åç¾Žï¼Œé‚„請將你的意見評述與一般建議寄給 <a
+href="mailto:web-translators@gnu.org";>&lt;web-translators@gnu.org&gt;</a>。</p>
+<p>請參照 <a href="/server/standards/README.translations.html">翻譯讀我 
README</a>
+來瞭解協調和提交我們的網頁翻譯相關事宜。</p>
+</div>
+
+<!-- Regarding copyright, in general, standalone pages (as opposed to
+     files generated as part of manuals) on the GNU web server should
+     be under CC BY-ND 4.0.  Please do NOT change or remove this
+     without talking with the webmasters or licensing team first.
+     Please make sure the copyright date is consistent with the
+     document.  For web pages, it is ok to list just the latest year the
+     document was modified, or published.
+     
+     If you wish to list earlier years, that is ok too.
+     Either "2001, 2002, 2003" or "2001-2003" are ok for specifying
+     years, as long as each year in the range is in fact a copyrightable
+     year, i.e., a year in which the document was published (including
+     being publicly visible on the web or in a revision control system).
+     
+     There is more detail about copyright years in the GNU Maintainers
+     Information document, www.gnu.org/prep/maintain. -->
+<p>Copyright &copy; 2000, 2007, 2021 Richard Stallman</p>
+
+<p>本頁面採用<a rel="license"
+href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nd/4.0/deed.zh_TW";>創用 CC
+姓名標示-禁止改作 4.0 國際</a>條款給予授權。</p>
+
+<!--#include virtual="/server/bottom-notes.zh-tw.html" -->
+<div class="translators-credits">
+
+<!--TRANSLATORS: Use space (SPC) as msgstr if you don't want credits.-->
+<b>翻譯</b>:黃柏諺 <a href="mailto:s8321414 (at) gmail (dot) 
com">&lt;s8321414
+(at) gmail (dot) com&gt;</a>, 2019.
+<b>校稿</b>:洪朝貴 <a href="mailto:ckhung (at) cyut (dot) edu (dot)
+tw">&lt;ckhung (at) cyut (dot) edu (dot) tw&gt;</a>, 2021.</div>
+
+<p class="unprintable"><!-- timestamp start -->
+更新時間︰
+
+$Date: 2021/10/12 17:32:22 $
+
+<!-- timestamp end -->
+</p>
+</div>
+</div>
+<!-- for class="inner", starts in the banner include -->
+</body>
+</html>

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+<!--#include virtual="/server/header.html" -->
+<!-- Parent-Version: 1.96 -->
+<!-- This page is derived from /server/standards/boilerplate.html -->
+<title>Why GNU/Linux?
+- GNU Project - Free Software Foundation</title>
+<!--#include virtual="/gnu/po/why-gnu-linux.translist" -->
+<!--#include virtual="/server/banner.html" -->
+<div class="article reduced-width">
+<h2>What's in a Name?</h2>
+
+<address class="byline">by <a
+href="https://www.stallman.org/";>Richard Stallman</a></address>
+
+<p>
+Names convey meanings; our choice of names determines the meaning of
+what we say.  An inappropriate name gives people the wrong idea.  A
+rose by any other name would smell as sweet&mdash;but if you call it a pen,
+people will be rather disappointed when they try to write with it.
+And if you call pens &ldquo;roses,&rdquo; people may not realize what
+they are good for.  If you call our operating system
+Linux, that conveys a mistaken idea of the system's
+origin, history, and purpose.  If you call
+it <a href="/gnu/linux-and-gnu.html">GNU/Linux</a>, that conveys
+(though not in detail) an accurate idea.</p>
+
+<div class="announcement comment" role="complementary">
+<hr class="no-display" />
+<p>To learn more about this issue, you can read
+our <a href="/gnu/gnu-linux-faq.html">GNU/Linux FAQ</a>, our page on 
+<a href="/gnu/linux-and-gnu.html">Linux and the GNU System</a>, which gives a 
history of the GNU/Linux system as it relates to this issue of naming, 
+and our page on <a href="/gnu/gnu-users-never-heard-of-gnu.html">GNU
+Users Who Have Never Heard of GNU</a>.</p>
+<hr class="no-display" />
+</div>
+
+<p>
+Does this really matter for our community?  Is it important whether people
+know the system's origin, history, and purpose?  Yes&mdash;because people
+who forget history are often condemned to repeat it.  The Free World
+that has developed around <a href="/gnu/linux-and-gnu.html">GNU/Linux</a>
+is not guaranteed to survive; the problems that
+led us to develop GNU are not completely eradicated, and they threaten
+to come back.</p>
+
+<p>
+When I explain why it's appropriate to call the operating system
+GNU/Linux rather than Linux, people
+sometimes respond this way:</p>
+
+<blockquote><p>
+<em>
+    Granted that the GNU Project deserves credit for this work, is
+    it really worth a fuss when people don't give credit?  Isn't the
+    important thing that the job was done, not who did it?  You
+    ought to relax, take pride in the job well done, and not worry
+    about the credit.
+</em>
+</p></blockquote>
+<p>
+This would be wise advice, if only the situation were like that&mdash;if
+the job were done and it were time to relax.  If only that were true!
+But challenges abound, and this is no time to take the future for
+granted.  Our community's strength rests on commitment to freedom and
+cooperation.  Using the name <a href="/gnu/linux-and-gnu.html">GNU/Linux</a>
+is a way for people to remind
+themselves and inform others of these goals.</p>
+
+<p>
+It is possible to write good free software without thinking of GNU;
+much good work has been done in the name of Linux also.  But the term
+&ldquo;Linux&rdquo; has been associated ever since it was first coined
+with a philosophy that does not make a commitment to the freedom to
+cooperate.  As the name is increasingly used by business, we will
+have even more trouble making it connect with community spirit.</p>
+
+<p>
+A great challenge to the future of free software comes from the
+tendency of the &ldquo;Linux&rdquo; distribution companies to add
+nonfree software to <a href="/gnu/linux-and-gnu.html">GNU/Linux</a>
+in the name of convenience and power.  All the major commercial
+distribution developers do this; none limits itself to free software.
+Most of them do not clearly identify the nonfree
+packages in their distributions.  Many even develop nonfree software
+and add it to the system.  Some outrageously advertise
+&ldquo;Linux&rdquo; systems that are &ldquo;licensed per seat,&rdquo;
+which give the user as much freedom as Microsoft Windows.</p>
+
+<p>
+People try to justify adding nonfree software in the name of the
+&ldquo;popularity of Linux&rdquo;&mdash;in effect, valuing popularity above
+freedom.  Sometimes this is openly admitted.  For instance, Wired
+Magazine said that Robert McMillan, editor of Linux Magazine, &ldquo;feels
+that the move toward open source software should be fueled by
+technical, rather than political, decisions.&rdquo; And Caldera's
+<abbr title="Chief Executive Officer">CEO</abbr> openly urged
+users
+to <a href="https://www.zdnet.com/article/stallman-love-is-not-free/";>drop
+the goal of freedom and work instead for the &ldquo;popularity of
+Linux&rdquo;</a>.</p>
+
+<p>
+Adding nonfree software to the <a
+href="/gnu/linux-and-gnu.html">GNU/Linux</a> system may increase the
+popularity, if by popularity we mean the number of people using some
+of <a href="/gnu/linux-and-gnu.html">GNU/Linux</a> in combination with
+nonfree software.  But at the same time, it implicitly encourages the
+community to accept nonfree software as a good thing, and forget the
+goal of freedom.  It is not good to drive faster if you can't stay on the
+road.</p>
+
+<p>
+When the nonfree &ldquo;add-on&rdquo; is a library or programming
+tool, it can become a trap for free software developers.  When they
+write free software that depends on the nonfree package, their
+software cannot be part of a completely free system.  Motif and Qt
+trapped large amounts of free software in this way in the past,
+creating problems whose solutions took years.  Motif remained somewhat
+of a problem until it became obsolete and was no longer used.  Later,
+Sun's nonfree Java implementation had a similar effect:
+the <a href="/philosophy/java-trap.html">Java Trap</a>, fortunately now
+mostly corrected.</p>
+
+<p>
+If our community keeps moving in this direction, it could redirect the
+future of <a href="/gnu/linux-and-gnu.html">GNU/Linux</a> into a mosaic of 
free and nonfree components.
+Five years from now, we will surely still have plenty of free
+software; but if we are not careful, it will hardly be usable without
+the nonfree software that users expect to find with it.  If this
+happens, our campaign for freedom will have failed.</p>
+
+<p>
+If releasing free alternatives were simply a matter of programming,
+solving future problems might become easier as our community's
+development resources increase.  But we face obstacles that threaten
+to make this harder: laws that prohibit free software.  As software
+patents mount up, and as laws like the
+<abbr title="Digital Millennium Copyright Act">DMCA</abbr> are
+used to prohibit the development of free software for important jobs
+such as viewing a DVD or listening to a RealAudio stream, we will find
+ourselves with no clear way to fight the patented and secret data
+formats except to <strong>reject the nonfree programs that use
+them</strong>.</p>
+
+<p>
+Meeting these challenges will require many different kinds of effort.
+But what we need above all, to confront any kind of challenge, is to
+remember the goal of freedom to cooperate.  We can't expect a mere
+desire for powerful, reliable software to motivate people to make
+great efforts.  We need the kind of determination that people have
+when they fight for their freedom and their community&mdash;determination
+to keep on for years and not give up.</p>
+
+<p>
+In our community, this goal and this determination emanate mainly from
+the GNU Project.  We're the ones who talk about freedom and community
+as something to stand firm for; the organizations that speak of
+&ldquo;Linux&rdquo; normally don't say this.  The magazines about
+&ldquo;Linux&rdquo; are typically full of ads for nonfree software;
+the companies that package &ldquo;Linux&rdquo; add nonfree software
+to the system; other companies &ldquo;support Linux&rdquo; by
+developing nonfree applications to run on GNU/Linux; the user groups
+for &ldquo;Linux&rdquo; typically invite salesman to present those
+applications.  The main place people in our community are likely to
+come across the idea of freedom and determination is in the GNU
+Project.</p>
+
+<p>
+But when people come across it, will they feel it relates to them?</p>
+
+<p>
+People who know they are using a system that came out of the GNU
+Project can see a direct relationship between themselves and GNU.
+They won't automatically agree with our philosophy, but at least they
+will see a reason to think seriously about it.  In contrast, people
+who consider themselves &ldquo;Linux users,&rdquo; and believe that
+the GNU Project &ldquo;developed tools which proved to be useful in
+Linux,&rdquo; typically perceive only an indirect relationship between
+GNU and themselves.  They may just ignore the GNU philosophy when they
+come across it.</p>
+
+<p>
+The GNU Project is idealistic, and anyone encouraging idealism today
+faces a great obstacle: the prevailing ideology encourages people to
+dismiss idealism as &ldquo;impractical.&rdquo;  Our idealism has been
+extremely practical: it is the reason we have a
+free <a href="/gnu/linux-and-gnu.html">GNU/Linux</a> operating system.
+People who love this system ought to know that it is our idealism made
+real.</p>
+
+<p>
+If &ldquo;the job&rdquo; really were done, if there were nothing at
+stake except credit, perhaps it would be wiser to let the matter drop.
+But we are not in that position.  To inspire people to do the work
+that needs to be done, we need to be recognized for what we have
+already done.  Please help us, by calling the operating
+system <a href="/gnu/linux-and-gnu.html">GNU/Linux</a>.</p>
+
+<hr class="no-display" />
+<div class="edu-note c"><p id="fsfs">This essay is published in
+<a href="https://shop.fsf.org/product/free-software-free-society/";><cite>Free
+Software, Free Society: The Selected Essays of Richard
+M. Stallman</cite></a>.</p></div>
+</div>
+
+</div><!-- for id="content", starts in the include above -->
+<!--#include virtual="/server/footer.html" -->
+<div id="footer" role="contentinfo">
+<div class="unprintable">
+
+<p>Please send general FSF &amp; GNU inquiries to
+<a href="mailto:gnu@gnu.org";>&lt;gnu@gnu.org&gt;</a>.
+There are also <a href="/contact/">other ways to contact</a>
+the FSF.  Broken links and other corrections or suggestions can be sent
+to <a href="mailto:webmasters@gnu.org";>&lt;webmasters@gnu.org&gt;</a>.</p>
+
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+Please see the <a
+href="/server/standards/README.translations.html">Translations
+README</a> for information on coordinating and contributing translations
+of this article.</p>
+</div>
+
+<!-- Regarding copyright, in general, standalone pages (as opposed to
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+     be under CC BY-ND 4.0.  Please do NOT change or remove this
+     without talking with the webmasters or licensing team first.
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+     If you wish to list earlier years, that is ok too.
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+<p>Copyright &copy; 2000, 2007, 2021 Richard Stallman</p>
+
+<p>This page is licensed under a <a rel="license"
+href="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nd/4.0/";>Creative
+Commons Attribution-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License</a>.</p>
+
+<!--#include virtual="/server/bottom-notes.html" -->
+
+<p class="unprintable">Updated:
+<!-- timestamp start -->
+$Date: 2021/10/12 17:32:22 $
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