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www/philosophy not-ipr.zh-cn.html who-does-that...
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From: |
GNUN |
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Subject: |
www/philosophy not-ipr.zh-cn.html who-does-that... |
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Date: |
Fri, 8 Oct 2021 04:02:56 -0400 (EDT) |
CVSROOT: /web/www
Module name: www
Changes by: GNUN <gnun> 21/10/08 04:02:56
Modified files:
philosophy : not-ipr.zh-cn.html
who-does-that-server-really-serve.zh-cn.html
philosophy/po : not-ipr.zh-cn-en.html not-ipr.zh-cn.po
who-does-that-server-really-serve.zh-cn-en.html
who-does-that-server-really-serve.zh-cn.po
Log message:
Automatic update by GNUnited Nations.
CVSWeb URLs:
http://web.cvs.savannah.gnu.org/viewcvs/www/philosophy/not-ipr.zh-cn.html?cvsroot=www&r1=1.29&r2=1.30
http://web.cvs.savannah.gnu.org/viewcvs/www/philosophy/who-does-that-server-really-serve.zh-cn.html?cvsroot=www&r1=1.7&r2=1.8
http://web.cvs.savannah.gnu.org/viewcvs/www/philosophy/po/not-ipr.zh-cn-en.html?cvsroot=www&r1=1.19&r2=1.20
http://web.cvs.savannah.gnu.org/viewcvs/www/philosophy/po/not-ipr.zh-cn.po?cvsroot=www&r1=1.35&r2=1.36
http://web.cvs.savannah.gnu.org/viewcvs/www/philosophy/po/who-does-that-server-really-serve.zh-cn-en.html?cvsroot=www&r1=1.6&r2=1.7
http://web.cvs.savannah.gnu.org/viewcvs/www/philosophy/po/who-does-that-server-really-serve.zh-cn.po?cvsroot=www&r1=1.21&r2=1.22
Patches:
Index: not-ipr.zh-cn.html
===================================================================
RCS file: /web/www/www/philosophy/not-ipr.zh-cn.html,v
retrieving revision 1.29
retrieving revision 1.30
diff -u -b -r1.29 -r1.30
--- not-ipr.zh-cn.html 15 Dec 2018 14:46:29 -0000 1.29
+++ not-ipr.zh-cn.html 8 Oct 2021 08:02:56 -0000 1.30
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+<!--#set var="TAGS" value="essays laws noip" -->
+<!--#set var="DISABLE_TOP_ADDENDUM" value="yes" -->
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<title>è¿å¨ç¨“ç¥è¯äº§æ”è¿è¯åï¼å®åªæ¯çä¸å»å¾ç¾
- GNUå·¥ç¨ - èªç±è½¯ä»¶åºéä¼ï¼FSFï¼</title>
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<h2>è¿å¨ç¨“ç¥è¯äº§æ”è¿è¯åï¼å®åªæ¯çä¸å»å¾ç¾</h2>
-<p><a href="http://www.stallman.org/";>çæ¥å¾·Â·æ¯ææ¼</a> è</p>
+<address class="byline"><a
href="https://www.stallman.org/";>çæ¥å¾·Â·æ¯ææ¼</a> è</address>
+<div class="introduction">
<p>
-ç°å¨åæ¯æµè¡èµ·äºè¿ä¹ä¸ç§åæ³ï¼æçæï¼ä¸å©ååæ
è¿ä¸ä¸ªä¸è¥¿—æ¬æ¥æ¯ä¸ä¸ªåç«å¹¶ä¸ä¸åçæ¦å¿µï¼åå«æ¶åäºä¸ç»åç«å¹¶ä¸ä¸åçæ³å¾æ¡æ—ä¸è¡èå¿å°æ
åçå
¶ä»ä¸äºæä¸æå
«çæ³å¾æå¨ä¸èµ·ï¼ç¶åæè¿ä¹ä¸é
大æç©ç§°å“ç¥è¯äº§æ”ãè¿ä¹ä¸ä¸ªæ¦å¿µææ²åæ误导æ§çè¯æ±å¦ä»æäºç§æ¶å°åãå¦æ¤æµè¡å¯ä¸æ¯çº¯å±å¶ç¶ï¼èåæç许å¤å
¬å¸ï¼å°±æ¯é
çè¿ç§ææ²å误导æ¥çå©ãå®ä»¬å¯¹è¿ä¸æ¦å¿µçæ¨å¹¿å¯è°ä¸éä½åãè¦æ³å½»åºçæ¸
æè·¯ï¼è§£å³çæï¼æ们å¾å
æå¼è¿ä¸ªæ¯è¯ã
+ç°å¨åæ¯æµè¡èµ·äºè¿ä¹ä¸ç§åæ³ï¼æçæãä¸å©ååæ
è¿ä¸ä¸ªä¸è¥¿—æ¬æ¥æ¯ä¸ä¸ªåç«å¹¶ä¸ä¸åçæ¦å¿µï¼åå«æ¶åäºä¸ç»åç«å¹¶ä¸ä¸åçæ³å¾æ¡æ——ä¸è¡èå¿å°æ
åçå
¶ä»ä¸äºæä¸æå
«çæ³å¾æå¨ä¸èµ·ï¼ç¶åæè¿ä¹ä¸é
大æç©ç§°å“ç¥è¯äº§æ”ãè¿ä¹ä¸ä¸ªæ¦å¿µææ²åæ误导æ§çè¯æ±å¦ä»æäºç§æ¶å°åãå¦æ¤æµè¡å¯ä¸æ¯çº¯å±å¶ç¶ï¼èåæç许å¤å
¬å¸ï¼å°±æ¯é
çè¿ç§ææ²å误导æ¥çå©ãå®ä»¬å¯¹è¿ä¸æ¦å¿µçæ¨å¹¿å¯è°ä¸éä½åãè¦æ³å½»åºçæ¸
æè·¯ï¼è§£å³çæï¼æ们å¾å
æå¼è¿ä¸ªæ¯è¯ã
</p>
+</div>
<p>
æç
§ç°ä»»èäºæ¯å¦ç¦å¤§å¦æ³å¦é¢ç Mark Lemley
ææç说æ³ï¼“ç¥è¯äº§æ”è¿ä¸æ¯è¯çæµè¡å§äº 1967
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<p>
-å¦æ¤åè§ç»äºæ们足å¤ççç±å»æå¼è¿ä¸ªè¯ãå¾å¤äººä¹æ¾æ议让æç»è¿ç±»ä¸è¥¿å个åéçåå—æè
æ¯ç±»æ¾ä¸ªæ¿æ¢çè¯ï¼ä¸è¿è¿å¤åæ¯å¼ç©ç¬ï¼ãæ¯å¦æè¿ä¹ä¸äºå»ºè®®ï¼“强è¡åæç¹æ”ï¼Imposed
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Monopoly
Priviledgesï¼IMPï¼ï¼“æ¿çæ§åæ³å¼ºå¶åæ”ï¼Government-Originated
Legally Enforced
Monopoliesï¼GOLEMï¼ãè¿æ人建议说毓æä»æ§æå©å”ï¼exclusive
rights
regimesï¼ï¼ä¸è¿ä¸è¯´èµ·é嶓æå©”è¿äºå¿ï¼é£å°±åå¾æ¥ä¸ªåéææ³<sup><a
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许贫å°å½å®¶ç产å
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¶ä¸çä¸åãæ¯å¦è¯´ï¼å
¶ä¸ä¸ä¸ªä¸çææ³ç¸å
³çé®é¢ï¼å享é³ä¹æ¬èº«æ¯å¦åºè¯¥è¢«ç¦æ¢ï¼ä¸å©æ³ååæ
¹ä¸ä¼æ¶åå°è¿é®é¢ãä¸å©æ³åæ¯ä¼æ¶åå°å¦å¤çé®é¢ï¼æ¯å¦æ¯å¦åºè¯¥å
许贫å°å½å®¶ç产å
³ä¹æ§å½çè¯ç©ï¼å¹¶è½å¤ä»¥ä½ä»·åºå®æ人ä¸å½ï¼èè¿åä¸å
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</p>
<p>å¦å¤ï¼è¿ä¹æ¯æ¶åå»æ¹åä¸çç¥è¯äº§æç»ç»ï¼WIPOï¼äºï¼è¿éæ<a
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</p>
<hr />
@@ -127,17 +134,18 @@
<p>
éæ´²çå½å®¶æ´è±¡è¿äºæ³å¾ï¼å¹¶ä¸“éæ´²”ä¹æ¯ä¸ä¸ªæ¸
æ°çå°çæ¦å¿µï¼å°½ç®¡å¦æ¤ï¼<a
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</p>
<p>
<a
-href="http://torrentfreak.com/language-matters-framing-the-copyright-monopoly-so-we-can-keep-our-liberties-130714/";>Rickard
+href="https://torrentfreak.com/language-matters-framing-the-copyright-monopoly-so-we-can-keep-our-liberties-130714/";>Rickard
Falkvingeæ¯æåºé¤è¯¥æ¯è¯</a>ã</p>
<p><a
href="http://www.locusmag.com/Perspectives/2016/11/cory-doctorow-sole-and-despotic-dominion/";>Cory
Doctorowä¹è®¤ä¸ºç¥è¯äº§æ</a>è¿ä¸æ¯è¯“ä¸å½ã”</p>
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<div class="translators-notes">
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<p>请å°æå
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@@ -171,12 +179,13 @@
<web-translators@gnu.org></a>.</p>
- <p>For information on coordinating and submitting translations of
+ <p>For information on coordinating and contributing translations of
our web pages, see <a
href="/server/standards/README.translations.html">Translations
README</a>. -->
-è¥æ¨æ³ç¿»è¯æ¬æï¼è¯·åç<a
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ä¼åå¨é误åä¸è¶³ãå¦ææ¨å¨è¿æ¹é¢æè¯è®ºæä¸è¬æ§ç建议ï¼è¯·åéè³
<a
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æåã</a>ã</p>
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<!-- Regarding copyright, in general, standalone pages (as opposed to
@@ -195,8 +204,7 @@
There is more detail about copyright years in the GNU Maintainers
Information document, www.gnu.org/prep/maintain. -->
-<p>Copyright © 2004, 2006, 2010, 2013, 2015, 2016, 2017, 2018 Richard
-M. Stallman</p>
+<p>Copyright © 2004, 2006, 2010, 2013-2017, 2021 Richard Stallman</p>
<p>æ¬é¡µé¢ä½¿ç¨<a rel="license"
href="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nd/4.0/";>Creative Commons
@@ -209,12 +217,12 @@
<b>ç¿»è¯</b>ï¼éæ¥ ï¼2010ã
<b>å®¡æ ¡</b>ï¼æå¡å¸ï¼2010ã
<b>ç¿»è¯å¢é</b>ï¼<a rel="team"
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<p class="unprintable"><!-- timestamp start -->
æåæ´æ°ï¼
-$Date: 2018/12/15 14:46:29 $
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<!-- timestamp end -->
</p>
Index: who-does-that-server-really-serve.zh-cn.html
===================================================================
RCS file: /web/www/www/philosophy/who-does-that-server-really-serve.zh-cn.html,v
retrieving revision 1.7
retrieving revision 1.8
diff -u -b -r1.7 -r1.8
--- who-does-that-server-really-serve.zh-cn.html 18 Dec 2020 08:31:43
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+++ who-does-that-server-really-serve.zh-cn.html 8 Oct 2021 08:02:56
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+<!--GNUN: OUT-OF-DATE NOTICE-->
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<h2>æå¡å¨ç©¶ç«ä¸ºè°æå¡ï¼</h2>
-<p><strong>Richard Stallman</strong> è</p>
+<address class="byline">Richard Stallman è</address>
-<blockquote><p>ï¼æ¬æ第ä¸çå表äº<a
-href="http://www.bostonreview.net/richard-stallman-free-software-DRM";>波士顿è¯è®º</a>ãï¼</p></blockquote>
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失å»èªç±çéå¾ãæå¡ä»£æ¿è½¯ä»¶ï¼æå«
SaaSSï¼å°±æ¯å¦ä¸ä¸ªè®©ä½
æ计ç®æ§å¶äº¤ç»å«äººçéå¾ã</strong></p>
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+<p><em>å¨ç½ç»ä¸ï¼ä¸æ软件ä¸æ¯å¯ä¸è®©ä½
失å»èªç±çéå¾ãæå¡ä»£æ¿è½¯ä»¶ï¼æå«
SaaSSï¼å°±æ¯å¦ä¸ä¸ªè®©ä½ æ计ç®æ§å¶äº¤ç»å«äººçéå¾ã</em></p>
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<p>éç¹æ¯ï¼ä½ å¯ä»¥æ§å¶å
¶ä»äººç¼åçç¨åºï¼å¦æå®æ¯èªç±è½¯ä»¶ï¼ï¼ä½æ¯ä½
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<h3>èæ¯ï¼ä¸æ软件å¦ä½æ¿èµ°ä½ çèªç±</h3>
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<p>åä¸æ软件ä¸åï¼SaaSSä¸éè¦ç§å¯ç代ç
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@@ -111,8 +117,7 @@
<p>究å
¶æ¬è´¨ï¼ç¤¾äº¤ç½ç»æ¯ä¸ç§æ²éååºççå½¢å¼ï¼ä¸æ¯SaaSSãç¶èï¼å¦æä¸ä¸ªæå¡ç主è¦è®¾æ½æ¯ç¤¾äº¤ç½ç»çè¯ï¼å®å°±å¯è½å¸¦æSaaSSçåè½åæ©å±ã</p>
-<p>å¦æä¸é¡¹æå¡ä¸æ¯SaaSSï¼å¹¶ä¸æå³çå®å°±æ²¡æé®é¢ãæå¡æå
¶ä»çéå¾·é®é¢ãæ¯å¦ï¼Facebook使ç¨Flashåå¸è§é¢ï¼å°±æ¯è¿«ä½¿ç¨æ·ä½¿ç¨éèªç±è½¯ä»¶ï¼å®è¦æ±ä½¿ç¨éèªç±çJavaScript代ç
ï¼å¹¶ä¸å®éè¿è®©ç¨æ·å±ç¤ºèªå·±ççæ´»æ¥è¯¯å¯¼ä»ä»¬å¯¹éç§çæè§ãè¿äºé½æ¯éè¦çé®é¢ï¼ä¸è¿ä¸åäºSaaSSã
-</p>
+<p>å¦æä¸é¡¹æå¡ä¸æ¯SaaSSï¼å¹¶ä¸æå³çå®å°±æ²¡æé®é¢ãæå¡æå
¶ä»çéå¾·é®é¢ãæ¯å¦ï¼Facebook使ç¨Flashåå¸è§é¢ï¼å°±æ¯è¿«ä½¿ç¨æ·ä½¿ç¨éèªç±è½¯ä»¶ï¼å®è¦æ±ä½¿ç¨éèªç±çJavaScript代ç
ï¼å¹¶ä¸å®éè¿è®©ç¨æ·å±ç¤ºèªå·±ççæ´»æ¥è¯¯å¯¼ä»ä»¬å¯¹éç§çæè§ãè¿äºé½æ¯éè¦çé®é¢ï¼ä¸è¿ä¸åäºSaaSSã</p>
<p>æç´¢å¼æä¹ç±»çæå¡æ¯ä»ç½ç»ä¸æ¶éæ°æ®å¹¶è®©ä½
æ¥çãæ¥çä»ä»¬æ¶éçæ°æ®ä¸æ¯æ®éæä¹ä¸çç¨æ·è®¡ç®æ´»å¨—ä½
并没ææä¾è¿ä¸ªæ¶é活娗æ以使ç¨æ¤ç±»ç½ç»æç´¢ä¸æ¯SaaSSãç¶èï¼ä½¿ç¨å
¶ä»äººçæå¡å¨ä¸ºä½
èªå·±çç½ç«é¨ç½²æ索设æ½<em>æ¯</em>SaaSSã</p>
@@ -163,8 +168,16 @@
<p>åæ¶ï¼å¦ææå
¬å¸éè¯·ä½ ä½¿ç¨å®ä»¬çæå¡å¨æ¥åä½
ç计ç®ï¼ä¸è¦æ¥åï¼ä¸è¦ä½¿ç¨SaaSSãä¸è¦è´ä¹°æå®è£
“轻客æ·ç«¯”ï¼è¿äºåªæ¯ç®åççµèï¼å®ä»¬ç计ç®è½åæ¯å¦æ¤ä¹å¼±ï¼ä½
ç计ç®åªè½å¨æå¡å¨ä¸çæ£å®æï¼é¤éä½ é
å<em>ä½
ç</em>æå¡å¨æ¥ä½¿ç¨è¿äºå®¢æ·ç«¯ã使ç¨çæ£ççµè并ææ°æ®éå¶å¨è¯¥çµèä¸ã为ä½
çèªç±èµ·è§ï¼è¯·ç¨ä½ èªå·±çèªç±è½¯ä»¶æ·è´æ¥å计ç®ã</p>
-<h3>请åæ¶åçï¼</h3>
+<div class="announcement comment" role="complementary">
<p><a
href="/philosophy/bug-nobody-allowed-to-understand.html">ä¸è®¸ä»»ä½äººäºè§£ç缺é·</a>ã</p>
+</div>
+
+<div class="infobox extra" role="complementary">
+<hr />
+<p>ï¼æ¬æ第ä¸çå表äº<a
+href="http://www.bostonreview.net/richard-stallman-free-software-DRM";>波士顿è¯è®º</a>ãï¼</p>
+</div>
+</div>
<div class="translators-notes">
@@ -178,7 +191,7 @@
<!-- for id="content", starts in the include above -->
<!--#include virtual="/server/footer.zh-cn.html" -->
-<div id="footer">
+<div id="footer" role="contentinfo">
<div class="unprintable">
<p>请å°æå
³èªç±è½¯ä»¶åºéä¼(FSF) &
GNUçä¸è¬æ§é®é¢åéå°<a
@@ -197,12 +210,13 @@
<web-translators@gnu.org></a>.</p>
- <p>For information on coordinating and submitting translations of
+ <p>For information on coordinating and contributing translations of
our web pages, see <a
href="/server/standards/README.translations.html">Translations
README</a>. -->
-è¥æ¨æ³ç¿»è¯æ¬æï¼è¯·åç<a
-href="/server/standards/README.translations.html">ç¿»è¯é¡»ç¥</a>è·åæå
³åè°åæ交翻è¯çç¸å
³äºé¡¹ã</p>
+æ们尽æ大åªåæ¥æä¾ç²¾ååé«è´¨éçç¿»è¯ï¼ä½é¾å
ä¼åå¨é误åä¸è¶³ãå¦ææ¨å¨è¿æ¹é¢æè¯è®ºæä¸è¬æ§ç建议ï¼è¯·åéè³
<a
+href="mailto:web-translators@gnu.org";><web-translators@gnu.org></a>ã</p><p>å
³äºè¿è¡åè°ä¸æ交翻è¯çæ´å¤ä¿¡æ¯åè§
+<a href="/server/standards/README.translations.html">ãè¯è
æåã</a>ã</p>
</div>
<!-- Regarding copyright, in general, standalone pages (as opposed to
@@ -221,7 +235,7 @@
There is more detail about copyright years in the GNU Maintainers
Information document, www.gnu.org/prep/maintain. -->
-<p>Copyright © 2010, 2013, 2015, 2016, 2018, 2020 Richard Stallman</p>
+<p>Copyright © 2010, 2013, 2015, 2016, 2018, 2020, 2021 Richard
Stallman</p>
<p>æ¬é¡µé¢ä½¿ç¨<a rel="license"
href="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nd/4.0/";>Creative Commons
@@ -232,12 +246,12 @@
<!--TRANSLATORS: Use space (SPC) as msgstr if you don't want credits.-->
<b>ç¿»è¯å¢é</b>ï¼<a rel="team"
-href="https://savannah.gnu.org/projects/www-zh-cn/";><CTT></a>ï¼2017-2020ã</div>
+href="https://savannah.gnu.org/projects/www-zh-cn/";><CTT></a>ï¼2017-2021ã</div>
<p class="unprintable"><!-- timestamp start -->
æåæ´æ°ï¼
-$Date: 2020/12/18 08:31:43 $
+$Date: 2021/10/08 08:02:56 $
<!-- timestamp end -->
</p>
Index: po/not-ipr.zh-cn-en.html
===================================================================
RCS file: /web/www/www/philosophy/po/not-ipr.zh-cn-en.html,v
retrieving revision 1.19
retrieving revision 1.20
diff -u -b -r1.19 -r1.20
--- po/not-ipr.zh-cn-en.html 15 Dec 2018 14:46:39 -0000 1.19
+++ po/not-ipr.zh-cn-en.html 8 Oct 2021 08:02:56 -0000 1.20
@@ -1,22 +1,32 @@
<!--#include virtual="/server/header.html" -->
-<!-- Parent-Version: 1.86 -->
+<!-- Parent-Version: 1.96 -->
+<!-- This page is derived from /server/standards/boilerplate.html -->
+<!--#set var="TAGS" value="essays laws noip" -->
+<!--#set var="DISABLE_TOP_ADDENDUM" value="yes" -->
<title>Did You Say “Intellectual Property”? It's a Seductive
Mirage
- GNU Project - Free Software Foundation</title>
<!--#include virtual="/philosophy/po/not-ipr.translist" -->
<!--#include virtual="/server/banner.html" -->
+<!--#include virtual="/philosophy/ph-breadcrumb.html" -->
+<!--GNUN: OUT-OF-DATE NOTICE-->
+<!--#include virtual="/server/top-addendum.html" -->
+<div class="article reduced-width">
<h2>Did You Say “Intellectual Property”? It's a Seductive
Mirage</h2>
-<p>by <a href="http://www.stallman.org/";>Richard M. Stallman</a></p>
+<address class="byline">by
+<a href="https://www.stallman.org/";>Richard Stallman</a></address>
+<div class="introduction">
<p>
It has become fashionable to toss copyright, patents, and
trademarks—three separate and different entities involving three
separate and different sets of laws—plus a dozen other laws into
-one pot and call it “intellectual property”. The
+one pot and call it “intellectual property.” The
distorting and confusing term did not become common by accident.
Companies that gain from the confusion promoted it. The clearest way
out of the confusion is to reject the term entirely.
</p>
+</div>
<p>
According to Professor Mark Lemley, now of the Stanford Law School,
@@ -47,7 +57,7 @@
have proposed their own alternatives (often humorous). Suggestions
include IMPs, for Imposed Monopoly Privileges, and GOLEMs, for
Government-Originated Legally Enforced Monopolies. Some speak of
-“exclusive rights regimes”, but referring to restrictions
+“exclusive rights regimes,” but referring to restrictions
as “rights” is doublethink too.
</p>
@@ -87,7 +97,7 @@
Trademark law, by contrast, was not intended to promote any particular
way of acting, but simply to enable buyers to know what they are
buying. Legislators under the influence of the term “intellectual
-property”, however, have turned it into a scheme that provides
+property,” however, have turned it into a scheme that provides
incentives for advertising. And these are just
three out of many laws that the term refers to.
</p>
@@ -103,11 +113,11 @@
In practice, nearly all general statements you encounter that are
formulated using “intellectual property” will be false.
For instance, you'll see claims that “its” purpose is to
-“promote innovation”, but that only fits patent law and
+“promote innovation,” but that only fits patent law and
perhaps plant variety monopolies. Copyright law is not concerned with
innovation; a pop song or novel is copyrighted even if there is
nothing innovative about it. Trademark law is not concerned with
-innovation; if I start a tea store and call it “rms tea”,
+innovation; if I start a tea store and call it “rms tea,”
that would be a solid trademark even if I sell the same teas in the
same way as everyone else. Trade secret law is not concerned with
innovation, except tangentially; my list of tea customers would be a
@@ -115,7 +125,7 @@
<p>
You will also see assertions that “intellectual property”
-is concerned with “creativity”, but really that only fits
+is concerned with “creativity,” but really that only fits
copyright law. More than creativity is needed to make a patentable
invention. Trademark law and trade secret law have nothing to do with
creativity; the name “rms tea” isn't creative at all, and
@@ -130,13 +140,13 @@
practice often grab for that label because it has become familiar to
them. By using it, they misrepresent the nature of the issue. It
would be better to use an accurate term, such as “legislative
-colonization”, that gets to the heart of the matter.
+colonization,” that gets to the heart of the matter.
</p>
<p>
Laymen are not alone in being confused by this term. Even law
professors who teach these laws are lured and distracted by the
-seductiveness of the term “intellectual property”, and
+seductiveness of the term “intellectual property,” and
make general statements that conflict with facts they know. For
example, one professor wrote in 2006:
</p>
@@ -179,7 +189,7 @@
<p>
Another problem is that, at the broad scale implicit in the term
“intellectual
-property”, the specific issues raised by the various laws become
+property,” the specific issues raised by the various laws become
nearly invisible. These issues arise from the specifics of each
law—precisely what the term “intellectual property”
encourages people to ignore. For instance, one issue relating to
@@ -227,7 +237,7 @@
</p>
<p>And when it comes to reforming WIPO, here is <a
-href="http://fsfe.org/projects/wipo/wiwo.en.html";>one proposal for
+href="https://fsfe.org/activities/wipo/wiwo.en.html";>one proposal for
changing the name and substance of WIPO</a>.
</p>
@@ -241,23 +251,24 @@
<p>
Countries in Africa are a lot more similar than these laws, and
“Africa” is a coherent geographical concept; nonetheless,
-<a href="http://www.theguardian.com/world/2014/jan/24/africa-clinton";>
+<a href="https://www.theguardian.com/world/2014/jan/24/africa-clinton";>
talking about “Africa” instead of a specific country
causes lots of confusion</a>.
</p>
<p>
-<a
href="http://torrentfreak.com/language-matters-framing-the-copyright-monopoly-so-we-can-keep-our-liberties-130714/";>
+<a
href="https://torrentfreak.com/language-matters-framing-the-copyright-monopoly-so-we-can-keep-our-liberties-130714/";>
Rickard Falkvinge supports rejection of this term</a>.</p>
<p><a
href="http://www.locusmag.com/Perspectives/2016/11/cory-doctorow-sole-and-despotic-dominion/";>
Cory Doctorow also condemns</a> the term “intellectual
property.”</p>
+</div>
</div><!-- for id="content", starts in the include above -->
<!--#include virtual="/server/footer.html" -->
-<div id="footer">
+<div id="footer" role="contentinfo">
<div class="unprintable">
<p>Please send general FSF & GNU inquiries to
@@ -275,13 +286,13 @@
to <a href="mailto:web-translators@gnu.org";>
<web-translators@gnu.org></a>.</p>
- <p>For information on coordinating and submitting translations of
+ <p>For information on coordinating and contributing translations of
our web pages, see <a
href="/server/standards/README.translations.html">Translations
README</a>. -->
Please see the <a
href="/server/standards/README.translations.html">Translations
-README</a> for information on coordinating and submitting translations
+README</a> for information on coordinating and contributing translations
of this article.</p>
</div>
@@ -302,7 +313,7 @@
There is more detail about copyright years in the GNU Maintainers
Information document, www.gnu.org/prep/maintain. -->
-<p>Copyright © 2004, 2006, 2010, 2013, 2015, 2016, 2017, 2018 Richard M.
Stallman</p>
+<p>Copyright © 2004, 2006, 2010, 2013-2017, 2021 Richard Stallman</p>
<p>This page is licensed under a <a rel="license"
href="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nd/4.0/";>Creative
@@ -312,7 +323,7 @@
<p class="unprintable">Updated:
<!-- timestamp start -->
-$Date: 2018/12/15 14:46:39 $
+$Date: 2021/10/08 08:02:56 $
<!-- timestamp end -->
</p>
</div>
Index: po/not-ipr.zh-cn.po
===================================================================
RCS file: /web/www/www/philosophy/po/not-ipr.zh-cn.po,v
retrieving revision 1.35
retrieving revision 1.36
diff -u -b -r1.35 -r1.36
--- po/not-ipr.zh-cn.po 8 Oct 2021 07:42:02 -0000 1.35
+++ po/not-ipr.zh-cn.po 8 Oct 2021 08:02:56 -0000 1.36
@@ -15,7 +15,6 @@
"MIME-Version: 1.0\n"
"Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8\n"
"Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit\n"
-"X-Outdated-Since: 2021-10-01 10:56+0000\n"
# type: Content of: <title>
#. type: Content of: <title>
Index: po/who-does-that-server-really-serve.zh-cn-en.html
===================================================================
RCS file:
/web/www/www/philosophy/po/who-does-that-server-really-serve.zh-cn-en.html,v
retrieving revision 1.6
retrieving revision 1.7
diff -u -b -r1.6 -r1.7
--- po/who-does-that-server-really-serve.zh-cn-en.html 18 Dec 2020 08:31:44
-0000 1.6
+++ po/who-does-that-server-really-serve.zh-cn-en.html 8 Oct 2021 08:02:56
-0000 1.7
@@ -1,22 +1,25 @@
<!--#include virtual="/server/header.html" -->
-<!-- Parent-Version: 1.86 -->
+<!-- Parent-Version: 1.96 -->
+<!-- This page is derived from /server/standards/boilerplate.html -->
+<!--#set var="TAGS" value="essays cultural ns" -->
+<!--#set var="DISABLE_TOP_ADDENDUM" value="yes" -->
<title>Who Does That Server Really Serve?
- GNU Project - Free Software Foundation</title>
-
<!--#include
virtual="/philosophy/po/who-does-that-server-really-serve.translist" -->
<!--#include virtual="/server/banner.html" -->
-
+<!--#include virtual="/philosophy/ph-breadcrumb.html" -->
+<!--GNUN: OUT-OF-DATE NOTICE-->
+<!--#include virtual="/server/top-addendum.html" -->
+<div class="article reduced-width">
<h2>Who does that server really serve?</h2>
-<p>by <strong>Richard Stallman</strong></p>
-
-<blockquote><p>(The first version was published
-in <a href="http://www.bostonreview.net/richard-stallman-free-software-DRM";>
-Boston Review</a>.)</p></blockquote>
+<address class="byline">by Richard Stallman</address>
-<p><strong>On the Internet, proprietary software isn't the only way to
+<div class="introduction">
+<p><em>On the Internet, proprietary software isn't the only way to
lose your computing freedom. Service as a Software Substitute, or SaaSS, is
-another way to give someone else power over your computing.</strong></p>
+another way to give someone else power over your computing.</em></p>
+</div>
<p>The basic point is, you can have control over a program someone
else wrote (if it's free), but you can never have control over a
@@ -28,7 +31,7 @@
substitute for running your copy of a program. The term is ours;
articles and ads won't use it, and they won't tell you whether a
service is SaaSS. Instead they will probably use the vague and
-distracting term “cloud”, which lumps SaaSS together with
+distracting term “cloud,” which lumps SaaSS together with
various other practices, some abusive and some ok. With the
explanation and examples in this page, you can tell whether a service
is SaaSS.</p>
@@ -41,7 +44,7 @@
control because the owner (a company such as Apple or Microsoft)
controls it. The owner often takes advantage of this unjust power by
inserting malicious features such as spyware, back doors, and <a
-href="http://DefectiveByDesign.org";>Digital Restrictions Management
+href="https://www.defectivebydesign.org";>Digital Restrictions Management
(DRM)</a> (referred to as “Digital Rights Management” in
their propaganda).</p>
@@ -76,7 +79,7 @@
<p>What does it mean to say that a given computing activity
is <em>your own</em>? It means that no one else is inherently
involved in it. To clarify the meaning of “inherently
-involved”, we present a thought experiment. Suppose that any
+involved,” we present a thought experiment. Suppose that any
free software you might need for the job is available to you, and
whatever data you might need, as well as computers of whatever speed,
functionality and capacity might be required. Could you do this
@@ -125,9 +128,8 @@
nature of SaaSS. Amy Webb, who intended never to post any photos of
her daughter, made the mistake of using SaaSS (Instagram) to edit
photos of her. Eventually
-<a
href="http://www.slate.com/articles/technology/data_mine_1/2013/09/privacy_facebook_kids_don_t_post_photos_of_your_kids_on_social_media.html";>
they
-leaked from there</a>.
-</p>
+<a
href="https://slate.com/technology/2013/09/privacy-facebook-kids-dont-post-photos-of-your-kids-on-social-media.html";>
+they leaked from there</a>.</p>
<p>Theoretically, homomorphic encryption might some day advance to the
point where future SaaSS services might be constructed to be unable to
@@ -158,8 +160,8 @@
<h3>SaaSS and SaaS</h3>
<p>Originally we referred to this problematical practice as
-“SaaS”, which stands for “Software as a
-Service”. It's a commonly used term for setting up software on a
+“SaaS,” which stands for “Software as a
+Service.” It's a commonly used term for setting up software on a
server rather than offering copies of it to users, and we thought it
described precisely the cases where this problem occurs.</p>
@@ -167,7 +169,7 @@
communication services—activities for which this issue is not
applicable. In addition, the term “Software as a Service”
doesn't explain <em>why</em> the practice is bad. So we coined the term
-“Service as a Software Substitute”, which defines the bad
+“Service as a Software Substitute,” which defines the bad
practice more clearly and says what is bad about it.</p>
<h3>Untangling the SaaSS Issue from the Proprietary Software Issue</h3>
@@ -216,7 +218,7 @@
to do your own computing on data provided by you.</p>
<p>This issue demonstrates the depth of the difference between
-“open” and “free”. Source code that is open
+“open” and “free.” Source code that is open
source <a href="/philosophy/free-open-overlap.html">is, nearly always,
free</a>. However, the idea of
an <a href="https://opendefinition.org/ossd/";>“open
@@ -271,8 +273,7 @@
software; it requires running nonfree JavaScript code; and it gives
users a misleading impression of privacy while luring them into baring
their lives to Facebook. Those are important issues, different from
-the SaaSS issue.
-</p>
+the SaaSS issue.</p>
<p>Services such as search engines collect data from around the web
and let you examine it. Looking through their collection of data
@@ -406,7 +407,7 @@
using servers. For instance, we can create a peer-to-peer program
through which collaborators can share data encrypted. The free
software community should develop distributed peer-to-peer
-replacements for important “web applications”. It may be
+replacements for important “web applications.” It may be
wise to release them under
the <a href="/licenses/why-affero-gpl.html"> GNU Affero GPL</a>, since
they are likely candidates for being converted into server-based
@@ -416,19 +417,29 @@
<p>In the meantime, if a company invites you to use its server to do
your own computing tasks, don't yield; don't use SaaSS. Don't buy or
-install “thin clients”, which are simply computers so weak
+install “thin clients,” which are simply computers so weak
they make you do the real work on a server, unless you're going to use
them with <em>your</em> server. Use a real computer and keep your
data there. Do your own computing with your own copy of a free
program, for your freedom's sake.</p>
-<h3>See also:</h3>
-<p><a href="/philosophy/bug-nobody-allowed-to-understand.html">The
+<div class="announcement comment" role="complementary">
+<p>See also:
+<a href="/philosophy/bug-nobody-allowed-to-understand.html">The
Bug Nobody is Allowed to Understand</a>.</p>
+</div>
+
+<div class="infobox extra" role="complementary">
+<hr />
+<p>The first version of this article was published
+in the <a
href="http://www.bostonreview.net/richard-stallman-free-software-DRM";>
+Boston Review</a>.</p>
+</div>
+</div>
</div><!-- for id="content", starts in the include above -->
<!--#include virtual="/server/footer.html" -->
-<div id="footer">
+<div id="footer" role="contentinfo">
<div class="unprintable">
<p>Please send general FSF & GNU inquiries to
@@ -446,13 +457,13 @@
to <a href="mailto:web-translators@gnu.org";>
<web-translators@gnu.org></a>.</p>
- <p>For information on coordinating and submitting translations of
+ <p>For information on coordinating and contributing translations of
our web pages, see <a
href="/server/standards/README.translations.html">Translations
README</a>. -->
Please see the <a
href="/server/standards/README.translations.html">Translations
-README</a> for information on coordinating and submitting translations
+README</a> for information on coordinating and contributing translations
of this article.</p>
</div>
@@ -473,7 +484,7 @@
There is more detail about copyright years in the GNU Maintainers
Information document, www.gnu.org/prep/maintain. -->
-<p>Copyright © 2010, 2013, 2015, 2016, 2018, 2020 Richard Stallman</p>
+<p>Copyright © 2010, 2013, 2015, 2016, 2018, 2020, 2021 Richard
Stallman</p>
<p>This page is licensed under a <a rel="license"
href="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nd/4.0/";>Creative
@@ -483,7 +494,7 @@
<p class="unprintable">Updated:
<!-- timestamp start -->
-$Date: 2020/12/18 08:31:44 $
+$Date: 2021/10/08 08:02:56 $
<!-- timestamp end -->
</p>
</div>
Index: po/who-does-that-server-really-serve.zh-cn.po
===================================================================
RCS file:
/web/www/www/philosophy/po/who-does-that-server-really-serve.zh-cn.po,v
retrieving revision 1.21
retrieving revision 1.22
diff -u -b -r1.21 -r1.22
--- po/who-does-that-server-really-serve.zh-cn.po 8 Oct 2021 07:53:14
-0000 1.21
+++ po/who-does-that-server-really-serve.zh-cn.po 8 Oct 2021 08:02:56
-0000 1.22
@@ -14,7 +14,6 @@
"MIME-Version: 1.0\n"
"Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8\n"
"Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit\n"
-"X-Outdated-Since: 2021-10-01 10:56+0000\n"
#. type: Content of: <title>
msgid ""
@@ -88,11 +87,11 @@
msgid ""
"Our solution to this problem is developing <em>free software</em> and "
"rejecting proprietary software. Free software means that you, as a user, "
-"have four essential freedoms: (0) to run the program as you wish, "
-"(1) to study and change the source code so it does what you wish, "
-"(2) to redistribute exact copies, and (3) to redistribute copies "
-"of your modified versions. (See the <a href=\"/philosophy/free-sw.html"
-"\">free software definition</a>.)"
+"have four essential freedoms: (0) to run the program as you wish, (1)"
+" to study and change the source code so it does what you wish, (2) "
+"to redistribute exact copies, and (3) to redistribute copies of your "
+"modified versions. (See the <a href=\"/philosophy/free-sw.html\">free "
+"software definition</a>.)"
msgstr ""
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