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www/philosophy anonymous-response.fr.html fight...
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From: |
GNUN |
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Subject: |
www/philosophy anonymous-response.fr.html fight... |
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Date: |
Fri, 1 Oct 2021 12:02:47 -0400 (EDT) |
CVSROOT: /web/www
Module name: www
Changes by: GNUN <gnun> 21/10/01 12:02:46
Modified files:
philosophy : anonymous-response.fr.html
fighting-software-patents.fr.html
free-digital-society.fr.html free-world.fr.html
hague.fr.html
is-ever-good-use-nonfree-program.fr.html
judge-internet-usage.fr.html
keep-control-of-your-computing.fr.html
komongistan.fr.html kragen-software.fr.html
luispo-rms-interview.fr.html not-ipr.fr.html
phone-anonymous-payment.fr.html
practical.fr.html protecting.fr.html
push-copyright-aside.fr.html
self-interest.fr.html sun-in-night-time.fr.html
surveillance-testimony.fr.html
technological-neutrality.fr.html
the-root-of-this-problem.fr.html
ubuntu-spyware.fr.html ucita.fr.html
who-does-that-server-really-serve.fr.html
wsis-2003.fr.html
philosophy/po : anonymous-response.fr-en.html
fighting-software-patents.fr-en.html
free-digital-society.fr-en.html
free-world.fr-en.html hague.fr-en.html
is-ever-good-use-nonfree-program.fr-en.html
judge-internet-usage.fr-en.html
keep-control-of-your-computing.fr-en.html
komongistan.fr-en.html
kragen-software.fr-en.html
luispo-rms-interview.fr-en.html
not-ipr.fr-en.html
phone-anonymous-payment.fr-en.html
practical.fr-en.html protecting.fr-en.html
push-copyright-aside.fr-en.html
self-interest.fr-en.html
sun-in-night-time.fr-en.html
surveillance-testimony.fr-en.html
technological-neutrality.fr-en.html
the-root-of-this-problem.fr-en.html
ubuntu-spyware.fr-en.html ucita.fr-en.html
who-does-that-server-really-serve.fr-en.html
wsis-2003.fr-en.html
Log message:
Automatic update by GNUnited Nations.
CVSWeb URLs:
http://web.cvs.savannah.gnu.org/viewcvs/www/philosophy/anonymous-response.fr.html?cvsroot=www&r1=1.36&r2=1.37
http://web.cvs.savannah.gnu.org/viewcvs/www/philosophy/fighting-software-patents.fr.html?cvsroot=www&r1=1.66&r2=1.67
http://web.cvs.savannah.gnu.org/viewcvs/www/philosophy/free-digital-society.fr.html?cvsroot=www&r1=1.54&r2=1.55
http://web.cvs.savannah.gnu.org/viewcvs/www/philosophy/free-world.fr.html?cvsroot=www&r1=1.52&r2=1.53
http://web.cvs.savannah.gnu.org/viewcvs/www/philosophy/hague.fr.html?cvsroot=www&r1=1.63&r2=1.64
http://web.cvs.savannah.gnu.org/viewcvs/www/philosophy/is-ever-good-use-nonfree-program.fr.html?cvsroot=www&r1=1.25&r2=1.26
http://web.cvs.savannah.gnu.org/viewcvs/www/philosophy/judge-internet-usage.fr.html?cvsroot=www&r1=1.40&r2=1.41
http://web.cvs.savannah.gnu.org/viewcvs/www/philosophy/keep-control-of-your-computing.fr.html?cvsroot=www&r1=1.40&r2=1.41
http://web.cvs.savannah.gnu.org/viewcvs/www/philosophy/komongistan.fr.html?cvsroot=www&r1=1.6&r2=1.7
http://web.cvs.savannah.gnu.org/viewcvs/www/philosophy/kragen-software.fr.html?cvsroot=www&r1=1.54&r2=1.55
http://web.cvs.savannah.gnu.org/viewcvs/www/philosophy/luispo-rms-interview.fr.html?cvsroot=www&r1=1.75&r2=1.76
http://web.cvs.savannah.gnu.org/viewcvs/www/philosophy/not-ipr.fr.html?cvsroot=www&r1=1.70&r2=1.71
http://web.cvs.savannah.gnu.org/viewcvs/www/philosophy/phone-anonymous-payment.fr.html?cvsroot=www&r1=1.4&r2=1.5
http://web.cvs.savannah.gnu.org/viewcvs/www/philosophy/practical.fr.html?cvsroot=www&r1=1.33&r2=1.34
http://web.cvs.savannah.gnu.org/viewcvs/www/philosophy/protecting.fr.html?cvsroot=www&r1=1.66&r2=1.67
http://web.cvs.savannah.gnu.org/viewcvs/www/philosophy/push-copyright-aside.fr.html?cvsroot=www&r1=1.70&r2=1.71
http://web.cvs.savannah.gnu.org/viewcvs/www/philosophy/self-interest.fr.html?cvsroot=www&r1=1.61&r2=1.62
http://web.cvs.savannah.gnu.org/viewcvs/www/philosophy/sun-in-night-time.fr.html?cvsroot=www&r1=1.55&r2=1.56
http://web.cvs.savannah.gnu.org/viewcvs/www/philosophy/surveillance-testimony.fr.html?cvsroot=www&r1=1.6&r2=1.7
http://web.cvs.savannah.gnu.org/viewcvs/www/philosophy/technological-neutrality.fr.html?cvsroot=www&r1=1.4&r2=1.5
http://web.cvs.savannah.gnu.org/viewcvs/www/philosophy/the-root-of-this-problem.fr.html?cvsroot=www&r1=1.41&r2=1.42
http://web.cvs.savannah.gnu.org/viewcvs/www/philosophy/ubuntu-spyware.fr.html?cvsroot=www&r1=1.40&r2=1.41
http://web.cvs.savannah.gnu.org/viewcvs/www/philosophy/ucita.fr.html?cvsroot=www&r1=1.82&r2=1.83
http://web.cvs.savannah.gnu.org/viewcvs/www/philosophy/who-does-that-server-really-serve.fr.html?cvsroot=www&r1=1.64&r2=1.65
http://web.cvs.savannah.gnu.org/viewcvs/www/philosophy/wsis-2003.fr.html?cvsroot=www&r1=1.64&r2=1.65
http://web.cvs.savannah.gnu.org/viewcvs/www/philosophy/po/anonymous-response.fr-en.html?cvsroot=www&r1=1.29&r2=1.30
http://web.cvs.savannah.gnu.org/viewcvs/www/philosophy/po/fighting-software-patents.fr-en.html?cvsroot=www&r1=1.34&r2=1.35
http://web.cvs.savannah.gnu.org/viewcvs/www/philosophy/po/free-digital-society.fr-en.html?cvsroot=www&r1=1.41&r2=1.42
http://web.cvs.savannah.gnu.org/viewcvs/www/philosophy/po/free-world.fr-en.html?cvsroot=www&r1=1.32&r2=1.33
http://web.cvs.savannah.gnu.org/viewcvs/www/philosophy/po/hague.fr-en.html?cvsroot=www&r1=1.35&r2=1.36
http://web.cvs.savannah.gnu.org/viewcvs/www/philosophy/po/is-ever-good-use-nonfree-program.fr-en.html?cvsroot=www&r1=1.14&r2=1.15
http://web.cvs.savannah.gnu.org/viewcvs/www/philosophy/po/judge-internet-usage.fr-en.html?cvsroot=www&r1=1.29&r2=1.30
http://web.cvs.savannah.gnu.org/viewcvs/www/philosophy/po/keep-control-of-your-computing.fr-en.html?cvsroot=www&r1=1.30&r2=1.31
http://web.cvs.savannah.gnu.org/viewcvs/www/philosophy/po/komongistan.fr-en.html?cvsroot=www&r1=1.1&r2=1.2
http://web.cvs.savannah.gnu.org/viewcvs/www/philosophy/po/kragen-software.fr-en.html?cvsroot=www&r1=1.33&r2=1.34
http://web.cvs.savannah.gnu.org/viewcvs/www/philosophy/po/luispo-rms-interview.fr-en.html?cvsroot=www&r1=1.45&r2=1.46
http://web.cvs.savannah.gnu.org/viewcvs/www/philosophy/po/not-ipr.fr-en.html?cvsroot=www&r1=1.44&r2=1.45
http://web.cvs.savannah.gnu.org/viewcvs/www/philosophy/po/phone-anonymous-payment.fr-en.html?cvsroot=www&r1=1.2&r2=1.3
http://web.cvs.savannah.gnu.org/viewcvs/www/philosophy/po/practical.fr-en.html?cvsroot=www&r1=1.26&r2=1.27
http://web.cvs.savannah.gnu.org/viewcvs/www/philosophy/po/protecting.fr-en.html?cvsroot=www&r1=1.33&r2=1.34
http://web.cvs.savannah.gnu.org/viewcvs/www/philosophy/po/push-copyright-aside.fr-en.html?cvsroot=www&r1=1.42&r2=1.43
http://web.cvs.savannah.gnu.org/viewcvs/www/philosophy/po/self-interest.fr-en.html?cvsroot=www&r1=1.35&r2=1.36
http://web.cvs.savannah.gnu.org/viewcvs/www/philosophy/po/sun-in-night-time.fr-en.html?cvsroot=www&r1=1.32&r2=1.33
http://web.cvs.savannah.gnu.org/viewcvs/www/philosophy/po/surveillance-testimony.fr-en.html?cvsroot=www&r1=1.3&r2=1.4
http://web.cvs.savannah.gnu.org/viewcvs/www/philosophy/po/technological-neutrality.fr-en.html?cvsroot=www&r1=1.2&r2=1.3
http://web.cvs.savannah.gnu.org/viewcvs/www/philosophy/po/the-root-of-this-problem.fr-en.html?cvsroot=www&r1=1.30&r2=1.31
http://web.cvs.savannah.gnu.org/viewcvs/www/philosophy/po/ubuntu-spyware.fr-en.html?cvsroot=www&r1=1.31&r2=1.32
http://web.cvs.savannah.gnu.org/viewcvs/www/philosophy/po/ucita.fr-en.html?cvsroot=www&r1=1.45&r2=1.46
http://web.cvs.savannah.gnu.org/viewcvs/www/philosophy/po/who-does-that-server-really-serve.fr-en.html?cvsroot=www&r1=1.49&r2=1.50
http://web.cvs.savannah.gnu.org/viewcvs/www/philosophy/po/wsis-2003.fr-en.html?cvsroot=www&r1=1.33&r2=1.34
Patches:
Index: anonymous-response.fr.html
===================================================================
RCS file: /web/www/www/philosophy/anonymous-response.fr.html,v
retrieving revision 1.36
retrieving revision 1.37
diff -u -b -r1.36 -r1.37
--- anonymous-response.fr.html 31 May 2021 21:09:09 -0000 1.36
+++ anonymous-response.fr.html 1 Oct 2021 16:02:43 -0000 1.37
@@ -1,7 +1,10 @@
<!--#set var="ENGLISH_PAGE" value="/philosophy/anonymous-response.en.html" -->
<!--#include virtual="/server/header.fr.html" -->
-<!-- Parent-Version: 1.77 -->
+<!-- Parent-Version: 1.96 -->
+<!-- This page is derived from /server/standards/boilerplate.html -->
+<!--#set var="TAGS" value="essays upholding action" -->
+<!--#set var="DISABLE_TOP_ADDENDUM" value="yes" -->
<!-- This file is automatically generated by GNUnited Nations! -->
<title>Une lettre de réponse aux pièces jointes Word - Projet GNU - Free
Software
@@ -16,13 +19,19 @@
<!--#include virtual="/philosophy/po/anonymous-response.translist" -->
<!--#include virtual="/server/banner.fr.html" -->
+<!--#include virtual="/philosophy/ph-breadcrumb.fr.html" -->
+<!--GNUN: OUT-OF-DATE NOTICE-->
+<!--#include virtual="/server/top-addendum.fr.html" -->
+<div class="article reduced-width">
<h2>Une lettre de réponse aux pièces jointes Word</h2>
-<blockquote><p>
-Cette lettre recommande OpenOffice ; LibreOffice n'existait pas quand elle a
-été écrite. C'est <a href="https://www.libreoffice.org/";>LibreOffice</a> que
-nous recommandons aujourd'hui.
-</p></blockquote>
+<div class="infobox"><p>
+<em>Cette lettre recommande OpenOfficeâ¯; LibreOffice n'existait pas quand
+elle a été écrite. C'est <a
+href="https://www.libreoffice.org/";>LibreOffice</a> que nous recommandons
+aujourd'hui.</em>
+</p></div>
+<hr class="thin" />
<p>
Je suis désolé, mais j'ai été incapable de lire le document Microsoft Word
@@ -49,7 +58,7 @@
Malheureusement, il semble que Microsoft réussisse parfois. Mon application
non Microsoft n'a pas été capable d'ouvrir le document .doc que vous m'avez
envoyé. En conséquence, nous ne pouvons pas échanger d'information, jusqu'Ã
-ce que l'une des choses suivantes se produise :
+ce que l'une des choses suivantes se produiseâ¯:
</p><p>
[0] L'information que je suis censé lire ou traiter soit convertie dans un
format ouvert, format que les gens n'utilisant pas Microsoft Windows ou
@@ -65,12 +74,12 @@
</p><p>
--A
</p><p>
-PS : Vous comprenez, j'espère, que je n'ai rien contre vous
+PSâ¯: Vous comprenez, j'espère, que je n'ai rien contre vous
personnellement. Je ne peux tout simplement pas utiliser le document que
vous m'avez envoyé, et j'ai essayé de vous expliquer que l'hypothèse
implicite selon laquelle j'aurais pu le lire était erronée.
</p><p>
-PPS : Lorsque j'ai essayé d'ouvrir le document que vous m'avez envoyé, mon
+PPSâ¯: Lorsque j'ai essayé d'ouvrir le document que vous m'avez envoyé, mon
traitement de texte s'est planté, visiblement incapable d'interpréter
correctement le format .doc. Mon traitement de texte gérait quatre autres
documents à ce moment-là . Deux d'entre eux étaient des devoirs obligatoires,
@@ -80,14 +89,15 @@
barrières que Microsoft a mises en place et d'afficher correctement le
document. Je crois qu'ils sont les derniers à blâmer pour cet échec.
</p><p>
-PPPSÂ : Pour prendre connaissance des autres raisons qui font que l'on ne
+PPPSâ¯: Pour prendre connaissance des autres raisons qui font que l'on ne
doit pas choisir le format .doc dans les échanges électroniques
-d'information, je vous invite à lire <a
+d'information, je vous invite à lire «â¯<a
href="/philosophy/no-word-attachments.html">Finissons-en avec les pièces
-jointes Word !</a>. C'est peut-être long, mais cela démontre clairement les
-compromis que nous faisons vous et moi (vous en tant qu'expéditeur et moi en
-tant que destinataire) en échangeant des documents Microsoft Word.
+jointes Wordâ¯!</a>â¯Â». C'est peut-être long, mais cela démontre
clairement
+les compromis que nous faisons vous et moi (vous en tant qu'expéditeur et
+moi en tant que destinataire) en échangeant des documents Microsoft Word.
</p>
+</div>
<div class="translators-notes">
@@ -97,7 +107,7 @@
<!-- for id="content", starts in the include above -->
<!--#include virtual="/server/footer.fr.html" -->
-<div id="footer">
+<div id="footer" role="contentinfo">
<div class="unprintable">
<p>Veuillez envoyer les requêtes concernant la FSF et GNU à <<a
@@ -117,7 +127,7 @@
<web-translators@gnu.org></a>.</p>
- <p>For information on coordinating and submitting translations of
+ <p>For information on coordinating and contributing translations of
our web pages, see <a
href="/server/standards/README.translations.html">Translations
README</a>. -->
@@ -132,7 +142,7 @@
<!-- Regarding copyright, in general, standalone pages (as opposed to
files generated as part of manuals) on the GNU web server should
- be under CC BY-ND 3.0 US. Please do NOT change or remove this
+ be under CC BY-ND 4.0. Please do NOT change or remove this
without talking with the webmasters or licensing team first.
Please make sure the copyright date is consistent with the
document. For web pages, it is ok to list just the latest year the
@@ -150,9 +160,9 @@
<p>Cette page peut être utilisée suivant les conditions de la licence <a
rel="license"
-href="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nd/3.0/us/deed.fr";>Creative
-Commons attribution, pas de modification, 3.0Â Ãtats-Unis (CCÂ BY-ND
-3.0Â US)</a>.</p>
+href="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nd/4.0/deed.fr";>Creative
+Commons attribution, pas de modification, 4.0Â internationale (CCÂ BY-ND
+4.0)</a>.</p>
<!--#include virtual="/server/bottom-notes.fr.html" -->
<div class="translators-credits">
@@ -164,11 +174,12 @@
<p class="unprintable"><!-- timestamp start -->
Dernière mise à jour :
-$Date: 2021/05/31 21:09:09 $
+$Date: 2021/10/01 16:02:43 $
<!-- timestamp end -->
</p>
</div>
</div>
+<!-- for class="inner", starts in the banner include -->
</body>
</html>
Index: fighting-software-patents.fr.html
===================================================================
RCS file: /web/www/www/philosophy/fighting-software-patents.fr.html,v
retrieving revision 1.66
retrieving revision 1.67
diff -u -b -r1.66 -r1.67
--- fighting-software-patents.fr.html 4 Jul 2021 18:30:37 -0000 1.66
+++ fighting-software-patents.fr.html 1 Oct 2021 16:02:43 -0000 1.67
@@ -3,6 +3,8 @@
<!--#include virtual="/server/header.fr.html" -->
<!-- Parent-Version: 1.96 -->
<!-- This page is derived from /server/standards/boilerplate.html -->
+<!--#set var="TAGS" value="essays laws patents" -->
+<!--#set var="DISABLE_TOP_ADDENDUM" value="yes" -->
<!-- This file is automatically generated by GNUnited Nations! -->
<title>Combattre les brevets logiciels, individuellement et collectivement -
Projet
@@ -10,7 +12,10 @@
<!--#include virtual="/philosophy/po/fighting-software-patents.translist" -->
<!--#include virtual="/server/banner.fr.html" -->
-<div class="reduced-width">
+<!--#include virtual="/philosophy/ph-breadcrumb.fr.html" -->
+<!--GNUN: OUT-OF-DATE NOTICE-->
+<!--#include virtual="/server/top-addendum.fr.html" -->
+<div class="article reduced-width">
<h2>Combattre les brevets logiciels, individuellement et collectivement</h2>
<address class="byline">par Richard Stallman</address>
@@ -36,10 +41,10 @@
invalider le brevet. Autant essayer ; si vous réussissez, cela signifiera
une mine de moins dans le champ de mines. Si ce brevet est particulièrement
menaçant pour le public, la <a
-href="http://en.swpat.org/wiki/Public_Patent_Foundation";>Public Patent
-Foundation (pubpat.org)</a> peut prendre l'affaire en charge ; c'est sa
-spécialité. Si vous demandez de l'aide à la communauté des utilisateurs de
-l'informatique pour chercher une publication antérieure de la même idée Ã
+href="https://wiki.endsoftwarepatents.org/wiki/Public_Patent_FoundationPublic_Patent_Foundation";>Public
+Patent Foundation (pubpat.org)</a> peut prendre l'affaire en charge ; c'est
+sa spécialité. Si vous demandez de l'aide à la communauté des utilisateurs
+de l'informatique pour chercher une publication antérieure de la même idée
Ã
utiliser comme preuve pour invalider un brevet, nous devons tous répondre
avec les informations utiles que nous pourrions avoir.</p>
<p>
@@ -135,6 +140,22 @@
les infos nécessaires.</p>
</div>
+<!-- Regarding copyright, in general, standalone pages (as opposed to
+ files generated as part of manuals) on the GNU web server should
+ be under CC BY-ND 4.0. Please do NOT change or remove this
+ without talking with the webmasters or licensing team first.
+ Please make sure the copyright date is consistent with the
+ document. For web pages, it is ok to list just the latest year the
+ document was modified, or published.
+
+ If you wish to list earlier years, that is ok too.
+ Either "2001, 2002, 2003" or "2001-2003" are ok for specifying
+ years, as long as each year in the range is in fact a copyrightable
+ year, i.e., a year in which the document was published (including
+ being publicly visible on the web or in a revision control system).
+
+ There is more detail about copyright years in the GNU Maintainers
+ Information document, www.gnu.org/prep/maintain. -->
<p>Copyright © 2004, 2021 Richard Stallman</p>
<p>Cette page peut être utilisée suivant les conditions de la licence <a
@@ -153,7 +174,7 @@
<p class="unprintable"><!-- timestamp start -->
Dernière mise à jour :
-$Date: 2021/07/04 18:30:37 $
+$Date: 2021/10/01 16:02:43 $
<!-- timestamp end -->
</p>
Index: free-digital-society.fr.html
===================================================================
RCS file: /web/www/www/philosophy/free-digital-society.fr.html,v
retrieving revision 1.54
retrieving revision 1.55
diff -u -b -r1.54 -r1.55
--- free-digital-society.fr.html 31 May 2021 21:09:10 -0000 1.54
+++ free-digital-society.fr.html 1 Oct 2021 16:02:43 -0000 1.55
@@ -1,27 +1,46 @@
<!--#set var="ENGLISH_PAGE" value="/philosophy/free-digital-society.en.html"
-->
<!--#include virtual="/server/header.fr.html" -->
-<!-- Parent-Version: 1.90 -->
+<!-- Parent-Version: 1.96 -->
+<!-- This page is derived from /server/standards/boilerplate.html -->
+<!--#set var="TAGS" value="speeches" -->
+<!--#set var="DISABLE_TOP_ADDENDUM" value="yes" -->
<!-- This file is automatically generated by GNUnited Nations! -->
<title>Une société numérique libre - Qu'est-ce qui rend une société
numérique bonne
ou mauvaise ? - Projet GNU - Free Software Foundation</title>
+<style type="text/css" media="screen"><!--
+@media (min-width: 55em) {
+ .toc li a {
+ display: inline-block; width: 100%;
+ vertical-align: top;
+ position: relative; bottom: .15em;
+ }
+}
+-->
+</style>
<!--#include virtual="/philosophy/po/free-digital-society.translist" -->
<!--#include virtual="/server/banner.fr.html" -->
+<!--#include virtual="/philosophy/ph-breadcrumb.fr.html" -->
+<!--GNUN: OUT-OF-DATE NOTICE-->
+<!--#include virtual="/server/top-addendum.fr.html" -->
+<div class="article reduced-width">
+
<h2>Une société numérique libre - Qu'est-ce qui rend une société
numérique bonne
ou mauvaise ?</h2>
<address class="byline">par Richard Stallman</address>
+<div class="infobox">
<p><em>Transcription d'une conférence donnée à Sciences PO Paris le 19
octobre
2011</em>Â (<a
-href="http://audio-video.gnu.org/video/stallman-sciencespo-freesociety.webm";>video</a>)</p>
-<hr class="thin" />
+href="http://audio-video.gnu.org/video/stallman-sciencespo-freesociety.webm";>vidéo</a>)</p>
+</div>
-<div class="summary" style="margin-top: 1em">
+<div class="toc">
<h3 class="no-display"><a id="TOC">Table des matières</a></h3>
-<ul>
+<ul class="columns">
<li><a href="#intro">Introduction</a></li>
<li><a href="#surveillance">La surveillance</a></li>
<li><a href="#censorship">La censure</a></li>
@@ -1157,14 +1176,15 @@
à la <i>Free Software Foundation</i> sur ce site. [...] Il y a aussi la
<i>Free Software Foundation of Europe</i>, fsfe.org. Vous pouvez également
adhérer à la FSF-Europe. […]</p>
-
<div class="column-limit"></div>
-<h3 id="footnotes" style="font-size: 1.2em">Note</h3>
+
+<h3 id="footnotes" class="footnote">Note</h3>
<ol>
<li id="f1">En 2017, les derniers brevets encore valides sur la lecture des
fichiers MP3
ont, semble-t-il, expiré.</li>
</ol>
+</div>
<div class="translators-notes">
@@ -1197,7 +1217,7 @@
<!-- for id="content", starts in the include above -->
<!--#include virtual="/server/footer.fr.html" -->
-<div id="footer">
+<div id="footer" role="contentinfo">
<div class="unprintable">
<p>Veuillez envoyer les requêtes concernant la FSF et GNU à <<a
@@ -1217,7 +1237,7 @@
<web-translators@gnu.org></a>.</p>
- <p>For information on coordinating and submitting translations of
+ <p>For information on coordinating and contributing translations of
our web pages, see <a
href="/server/standards/README.translations.html">Translations
README</a>. -->
@@ -1246,7 +1266,7 @@
There is more detail about copyright years in the GNU Maintainers
Information document, www.gnu.org/prep/maintain. -->
-<p>Copyright © 2011, 2017-2020 Richard Stallman</p>
+<p>Copyright © 2011, 2014, 2021 Richard Stallman</p>
<p>Cette page peut être utilisée suivant les conditions de la licence <a
rel="license"
@@ -1264,7 +1284,7 @@
<p class="unprintable"><!-- timestamp start -->
Dernière mise à jour :
-$Date: 2021/05/31 21:09:10 $
+$Date: 2021/10/01 16:02:43 $
<!-- timestamp end -->
</p>
Index: free-world.fr.html
===================================================================
RCS file: /web/www/www/philosophy/free-world.fr.html,v
retrieving revision 1.52
retrieving revision 1.53
diff -u -b -r1.52 -r1.53
--- free-world.fr.html 31 May 2021 21:09:10 -0000 1.52
+++ free-world.fr.html 1 Oct 2021 16:02:43 -0000 1.53
@@ -1,7 +1,10 @@
<!--#set var="ENGLISH_PAGE" value="/philosophy/free-world.en.html" -->
<!--#include virtual="/server/header.fr.html" -->
-<!-- Parent-Version: 1.77 -->
+<!-- Parent-Version: 1.96 -->
+<!-- This page is derived from /server/standards/boilerplate.html -->
+<!--#set var="TAGS" value="thirdparty" -->
+<!--#set var="DISABLE_TOP_ADDENDUM" value="yes" -->
<!-- This file is automatically generated by GNUnited Nations! -->
<title>Seul le monde du Libre peut résister à Microsoft - Projet GNU - Free
@@ -9,14 +12,13 @@
<!--#include virtual="/philosophy/po/free-world.translist" -->
<!--#include virtual="/server/banner.fr.html" -->
+<!--#include virtual="/philosophy/ph-breadcrumb.fr.html" -->
+<!--GNUN: OUT-OF-DATE NOTICE-->
+<!--#include virtual="/server/top-addendum.fr.html" -->
+<div class="article reduced-width">
<h2>Seul le monde du Libre peut résister à Microsoft</h2>
-<p>par <strong>Tom Hull</strong></p>
-
-<div class="announcement">
-<blockquote><p>Cet article fait partie de notre section <a
-href="/philosophy/third-party-ideas.html">Idées de tierces
personnes</a>.</p></blockquote>
-</div>
+<address class="byline">par Tom Hull</address>
<ol>
<li>Le coût marginal de reproduction et de distribution des logiciels est
@@ -143,10 +145,11 @@
<kbd>Ctrl-Alt-Suppr</kbd>.</li>
</ol>
-<hr />
+<hr class="column-limit" />
<p>Vous trouverez des notes supplémentaires sur : <a
-href="/philosophy/free-world-notes.html">http://www.gnu.org/philosophy/free-world-notes.html</a>.</p>
+href="/philosophy/free-world-notes.html">gnu.org/philosophy/free-world-notes.html</a>.</p>
+</div>
<div class="translators-notes">
@@ -156,7 +159,7 @@
<!-- for id="content", starts in the include above -->
<!--#include virtual="/server/footer.fr.html" -->
-<div id="footer">
+<div id="footer" role="contentinfo">
<div class="unprintable">
<p>
@@ -181,7 +184,7 @@
<web-translators@gnu.org></a>.</p>
- <p>For information on coordinating and submitting translations of
+ <p>For information on coordinating and contributing translations of
our web pages, see <a
href="/server/standards/README.translations.html">Translations
README</a>. -->
@@ -194,25 +197,9 @@
les infos nécessaires.</p>
</div>
-<!-- Regarding copyright, in general, standalone pages (as opposed to
- files generated as part of manuals) on the GNU web server should
- be under CC BY-ND 4.0. Please do NOT change or remove this
- without talking with the webmasters or licensing team first.
- Please make sure the copyright date is consistent with the
- document. For web pages, it is ok to list just the latest year the
- document was modified, or published.
-
- If you wish to list earlier years, that is ok too.
- Either "2001, 2002, 2003" or "2001-2003" are ok for specifying
- years, as long as each year in the range is in fact a copyrightable
- year, i.e., a year in which the document was published (including
- being publicly visible on the web or in a revision control system).
-
- There is more detail about copyright years in the GNU Maintainers
- Information document, www.gnu.org/prep/maintain. -->
<p>Copyright © 1997 Tom Hull</p>
-<p>Vous pouvez faire des liens vers ce document et/ou le redistribuer
+<p>Vous pouvez mettre ce document en lien et/ou le redistribuer
électroniquement.</p>
<!--#include virtual="/server/bottom-notes.fr.html" -->
@@ -225,11 +212,12 @@
<p class="unprintable"><!-- timestamp start -->
Dernière mise à jour :
-$Date: 2021/05/31 21:09:10 $
+$Date: 2021/10/01 16:02:43 $
<!-- timestamp end -->
</p>
</div>
</div>
+<!-- for class="inner", starts in the banner include -->
</body>
</html>
Index: hague.fr.html
===================================================================
RCS file: /web/www/www/philosophy/hague.fr.html,v
retrieving revision 1.63
retrieving revision 1.64
diff -u -b -r1.63 -r1.64
--- hague.fr.html 10 Jul 2021 08:02:29 -0000 1.63
+++ hague.fr.html 1 Oct 2021 16:02:44 -0000 1.64
@@ -1,17 +1,25 @@
<!--#set var="ENGLISH_PAGE" value="/philosophy/hague.en.html" -->
<!--#include virtual="/server/header.fr.html" -->
-<!-- Parent-Version: 1.77 -->
+<!-- Parent-Version: 1.96 -->
+<!-- This page is derived from /server/standards/boilerplate.html -->
+<!--#set var="TAGS" value="essays las patents" -->
+<!--#set var="DISABLE_TOP_ADDENDUM" value="yes" -->
<!-- This file is automatically generated by GNUnited Nations! -->
<title>Le danger de La Haye - Projet GNU - Free Software Foundation</title>
<!--#include virtual="/philosophy/po/hague.translist" -->
<!--#include virtual="/server/banner.fr.html" -->
+<!--#include virtual="/philosophy/ph-breadcrumb.fr.html" -->
+<!--GNUN: OUT-OF-DATE NOTICE-->
+<!--#include virtual="/server/top-addendum.fr.html" -->
+<div class="article reduced-width">
<h2>Le danger de La Haye</h2>
-<p>
-par <a href="http://www.stallman.org";>Richard Stallman</a>, juin 2001</p>
+<address class="byline">par <a href="http://www.stallman.org";>Richard
Stallman</a></address>
+
+<p><i>Juin 2001</i></p>
<p>
Les européens se sont opposés énergiquement à l'introduction des brevets
@@ -208,12 +216,11 @@
mathematics</A>.<p>
-->
<p>
-Un rassemblement d'associations de consommateurs (<a
-href="http://www.tacd.org";>http://www.tacd.org</a>) a recommandé en mai 2001
-que les brevets, les copyrights et les marques (la « propriété
-intellectuelle ») soient exclus de l'application du traité de La Haye, car
-les lois qui couvrent ces domaines varient considérablement d'un pays Ã
-l'autre.</p>
+<a href="http://www.tacd.org";>Un rassemblement d'associations de
+consommateurs</a> a recommandé en mai 2001 que les brevets, les copyrights
+et les marques (la « propriété intellectuelle ») soient exclus de
+l'application du traité de La Haye, car les lois qui couvrent ces domaines
+varient considérablement d'un pays à l'autre.</p>
<p>
Il s'agit d'une bonne recommandation, mais elle ne résout qu'une partie du
@@ -234,7 +241,7 @@
la modification du traité de La Haye. Aux Ãtats-Unis, c'est le « Projet des
consommateurs pour la technologie » <i>[Consumer Project for Technology]</i>
qui conduit l'opposition ; pour plus d'informations, voir <a
-href="http://www.cptech.org/ecom/jurisdiction/hague.html";>http://www.cptech.org/ecom/jurisdiction/hague.html</a>.</p>
+href="http://www.cptech.org/ecom/jurisdiction/hague.html";>cptech.org</a>.</p>
<p>
Une conférence diplomatique commence aujourd'hui (le 6 juin 2001) pour
@@ -242,7 +249,7 @@
conscience aux ministres et au public des dangers potentiels dès que
possible.</p>
-<hr />
+<hr class="column-limit" />
<!-- link dead, disabled - yavor, 24 Apr 2007 -->
<!--
@@ -254,6 +261,8 @@
Vous trouverez plus d'informations sur les problèmes du traité de La Haye
sur <a
href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210507012748/http://web.lemuria.org/DeCSS/hague.html";>web.lemuria.org</a>.</p>
+</div>
+
<div class="translators-notes">
<!--TRANSLATORS: Use space (SPC) as msgstr if you don't have notes.-->
@@ -266,7 +275,7 @@
<!-- for id="content", starts in the include above -->
<!--#include virtual="/server/footer.fr.html" -->
-<div id="footer">
+<div id="footer" role="contentinfo">
<div class="unprintable">
<p>Veuillez envoyer les requêtes concernant la FSF et GNU à <<a
@@ -286,7 +295,7 @@
<web-translators@gnu.org></a>.</p>
- <p>For information on coordinating and submitting translations of
+ <p>For information on coordinating and contributing translations of
our web pages, see <a
href="/server/standards/README.translations.html">Translations
README</a>. -->
@@ -299,8 +308,23 @@
les infos nécessaires.</p>
</div>
-<p>Copyright © 2001 Richard Stallman<br />
-Copyright © 2001, 2021 Free Software Foundation, Inc.</p>
+<!-- Regarding copyright, in general, standalone pages (as opposed to
+ files generated as part of manuals) on the GNU web server should
+ be under CC BY-ND 4.0. Please do NOT change or remove this
+ without talking with the webmasters or licensing team first.
+ Please make sure the copyright date is consistent with the
+ document. For web pages, it is ok to list just the latest year the
+ document was modified, or published.
+
+ If you wish to list earlier years, that is ok too.
+ Either "2001, 2002, 2003" or "2001-2003" are ok for specifying
+ years, as long as each year in the range is in fact a copyrightable
+ year, i.e., a year in which the document was published (including
+ being publicly visible on the web or in a revision control system).
+
+ There is more detail about copyright years in the GNU Maintainers
+ Information document, www.gnu.org/prep/maintain. -->
+<p>Copyright © 2001, 2021 Richard Stallman</p>
<p>Cette page peut être utilisée suivant les conditions de la licence <a
rel="license"
@@ -318,11 +342,12 @@
<p class="unprintable"><!-- timestamp start -->
Dernière mise à jour :
-$Date: 2021/07/10 08:02:29 $
+$Date: 2021/10/01 16:02:44 $
<!-- timestamp end -->
</p>
</div>
</div>
+<!-- for class="inner", starts in the banner include -->
</body>
</html>
Index: is-ever-good-use-nonfree-program.fr.html
===================================================================
RCS file: /web/www/www/philosophy/is-ever-good-use-nonfree-program.fr.html,v
retrieving revision 1.25
retrieving revision 1.26
diff -u -b -r1.25 -r1.26
--- is-ever-good-use-nonfree-program.fr.html 31 May 2021 21:09:10 -0000
1.25
+++ is-ever-good-use-nonfree-program.fr.html 1 Oct 2021 16:02:44 -0000
1.26
@@ -1,7 +1,10 @@
<!--#set var="ENGLISH_PAGE"
value="/philosophy/is-ever-good-use-nonfree-program.en.html" -->
<!--#include virtual="/server/header.fr.html" -->
-<!-- Parent-Version: 1.94 -->
+<!-- Parent-Version: 1.96 -->
+<!-- This page is derived from /server/standards/boilerplate.html -->
+<!--#set var="TAGS" value="essays aboutfs free-nonfree" -->
+<!--#set var="DISABLE_TOP_ADDENDUM" value="yes" -->
<!-- This file is automatically generated by GNUnited Nations! -->
<title>Arrive-t-il parfois qu'utiliser un programme non libre soit une bonne
@@ -9,6 +12,11 @@
<!--#include
virtual="/philosophy/po/is-ever-good-use-nonfree-program.translist" -->
<!--#include virtual="/server/banner.fr.html" -->
+<!--#include virtual="/philosophy/ph-breadcrumb.fr.html" -->
+<!--GNUN: OUT-OF-DATE NOTICE-->
+<!--#include virtual="/server/top-addendum.fr.html" -->
+<div class="article reduced-width">
+
<h2>Arrive-t-il parfois qu'utiliser un programme non libre soit une bonne
chose ?</h2>
@@ -20,8 +28,8 @@
cas pour les autres.</p>
<p>Si vous utilisez un programme non libre sur votre ordinateur, il vous prive
-de votre liberté ; c'est vous qui en êtes la première victime.(<a
-href="#footnote" id="footnote-rev"><sup>[*]</sup></a>)</p>
+de votre liberté ; c'est vous qui en êtes la première victime.<a
+href="#footnote" id="footnote-rev">[*]</a></p>
<p>Cela <em>ne veut pas dire</em> que vous « faites le mal » ou que vous
« péchez » si vous utilisez un programme non libre. Quand vous êtes la
@@ -130,8 +138,7 @@
système libre. Ce n'est pas exactement le même problème, mais on peut lui
appliquer les mêmes arguments : il est légitime de recommander l'utilisation
d'un logiciel privateur momentanément afin de le supprimer.</p>
-
-<hr />
+<div class="column-limit"></div>
<h3 class="footnote">Note</h3>
@@ -154,6 +161,7 @@
<p>Nous pensons toutefois que la voie la plus acceptable moralement est de
rejeter soigneusement ce type de contrat.</p>
+</div>
<div class="translators-notes">
@@ -166,7 +174,7 @@
<!-- for id="content", starts in the include above -->
<!--#include virtual="/server/footer.fr.html" -->
-<div id="footer">
+<div id="footer" role="contentinfo">
<div class="unprintable">
<p>Veuillez envoyer les requêtes concernant la FSF et GNU à <<a
@@ -186,7 +194,7 @@
<web-translators@gnu.org></a>.</p>
- <p>For information on coordinating and submitting translations of
+ <p>For information on coordinating and contributing translations of
our web pages, see <a
href="/server/standards/README.translations.html">Translations
README</a>. -->
@@ -215,7 +223,7 @@
There is more detail about copyright years in the GNU Maintainers
Information document, www.gnu.org/prep/maintain. -->
-<p>Copyright © 2013, 2015, 2016, 2017, 2020 Richard Stallman</p>
+<p>Copyright © 2013, 2015, 2016, 2020, 2021 Richard Stallman</p>
<p>Cette page peut être utilisée suivant les conditions de la licence <a
rel="license"
@@ -234,11 +242,12 @@
<p class="unprintable"><!-- timestamp start -->
Dernière mise à jour :
-$Date: 2021/05/31 21:09:10 $
+$Date: 2021/10/01 16:02:44 $
<!-- timestamp end -->
</p>
</div>
</div>
+<!-- for class="inner", starts in the banner include -->
</body>
</html>
Index: judge-internet-usage.fr.html
===================================================================
RCS file: /web/www/www/philosophy/judge-internet-usage.fr.html,v
retrieving revision 1.40
retrieving revision 1.41
diff -u -b -r1.40 -r1.41
--- judge-internet-usage.fr.html 31 May 2021 21:09:10 -0000 1.40
+++ judge-internet-usage.fr.html 1 Oct 2021 16:02:44 -0000 1.41
@@ -1,7 +1,10 @@
<!--#set var="ENGLISH_PAGE" value="/philosophy/judge-internet-usage.en.html"
-->
<!--#include virtual="/server/header.fr.html" -->
-<!-- Parent-Version: 1.90 -->
+<!-- Parent-Version: 1.96 -->
+<!-- This page is derived from /server/standards/boilerplate.html -->
+<!--#set var="TAGS" value="essays cultural ns" -->
+<!--#set var="DISABLE_TOP_ADDENDUM" value="yes" -->
<!-- This file is automatically generated by GNUnited Nations! -->
<title>Un utilisateur averti évalue soigneusement les différents usages
d'Internet
@@ -9,10 +12,13 @@
<!--#include virtual="/philosophy/po/judge-internet-usage.translist" -->
<!--#include virtual="/server/banner.fr.html" -->
+<!--#include virtual="/philosophy/ph-breadcrumb.fr.html" -->
+<!--GNUN: OUT-OF-DATE NOTICE-->
+<!--#include virtual="/server/top-addendum.fr.html" -->
+<div class="article reduced-width">
<h2>Un utilisateur averti évalue soigneusement les différents usages
d'Internet</h2>
-<p>par Richard Stallman<br />Publié initialement dans <a
-href="https://www.europeanbusinessreview.com/a-wise-user-judges-each-internet-usage-scenario-carefully/";>The
-European Business Review</a></p>
+
+<address class="byline">par Richard Stallman</address>
<p>Des entreprises offrent aujourd'hui aux usagers de l'informatique des
opportunités attrayantes de laisser des tiers stocker leurs données et
@@ -55,7 +61,7 @@
des obligations que cette loi impose au FBI, ce dernier les viole de façon
systématique. Le sénateur Wyden a dit que s'il pouvait révéler publiquement
quelles entorses le FBI fait à cette loi, <a
-href="http://www.wired.com/dangerroom/2011/05/secret-patriot-act/";>le grand
+href="https://www.wired.com/dangerroom/2011/05/secret-patriot-act/";>le grand
public serait en colère</a>. Les organisations européennes pourraient violer
les lois de leurs nations sur la protection des données en les confiant Ã
ces sociétés.</p>
@@ -189,6 +195,14 @@
vagues, comme le sont toutes celles qui se servent du terme « informatique
en nuage », ne peuvent être que des obstacles à cette évaluation.</p>
+<div class="infobox extra" role="complementary">
+<hr />
+<p>Publié initialement dans <a
+href="https://www.europeanbusinessreview.com/a-wise-user-judges-each-internet-usage-scenario-carefully/";><cite>The
+European Business Review</cite></a></p>
+</div>
+</div>
+
<div class="translators-notes">
<!--TRANSLATORS: Use space (SPC) as msgstr if you don't have notes.-->
@@ -203,7 +217,7 @@
<!-- for id="content", starts in the include above -->
<!--#include virtual="/server/footer.fr.html" -->
-<div id="footer">
+<div id="footer" role="contentinfo">
<div class="unprintable">
<p>Veuillez envoyer les requêtes concernant la FSF et GNU à <<a
@@ -223,7 +237,7 @@
<web-translators@gnu.org></a>.</p>
- <p>For information on coordinating and submitting translations of
+ <p>For information on coordinating and contributing translations of
our web pages, see <a
href="/server/standards/README.translations.html">Translations
README</a>. -->
@@ -252,7 +266,7 @@
There is more detail about copyright years in the GNU Maintainers
Information document, www.gnu.org/prep/maintain. -->
-<p>Copyright © 2011, 2019 Richard Stallman</p>
+<p>Copyright © 2011, 2021 Richard Stallman</p>
<p>Cette page peut être utilisée suivant les conditions de la licence <a
rel="license"
@@ -270,11 +284,12 @@
<p class="unprintable"><!-- timestamp start -->
Dernière mise à jour :
-$Date: 2021/05/31 21:09:10 $
+$Date: 2021/10/01 16:02:44 $
<!-- timestamp end -->
</p>
</div>
</div>
+<!-- for class="inner", starts in the banner include -->
</body>
</html>
Index: keep-control-of-your-computing.fr.html
===================================================================
RCS file: /web/www/www/philosophy/keep-control-of-your-computing.fr.html,v
retrieving revision 1.40
retrieving revision 1.41
diff -u -b -r1.40 -r1.41
--- keep-control-of-your-computing.fr.html 31 May 2021 21:09:10 -0000
1.40
+++ keep-control-of-your-computing.fr.html 1 Oct 2021 16:02:44 -0000
1.41
@@ -1,7 +1,10 @@
<!--#set var="ENGLISH_PAGE"
value="/philosophy/keep-control-of-your-computing.en.html" -->
<!--#include virtual="/server/header.fr.html" -->
-<!-- Parent-Version: 1.77 -->
+<!-- Parent-Version: 1.96 -->
+<!-- This page is derived from /server/standards/boilerplate.html -->
+<!--#set var="TAGS" value="essays cultural ns" -->
+<!--#set var="DISABLE_TOP_ADDENDUM" value="yes" -->
<!-- This file is automatically generated by GNUnited Nations! -->
<title>Gardez le contrôle de votre informatique, afin qu'elle ne vous
contrôle
@@ -9,19 +12,25 @@
<!--#include virtual="/philosophy/po/keep-control-of-your-computing.translist"
-->
<!--#include virtual="/server/banner.fr.html" -->
+<!--#include virtual="/philosophy/ph-breadcrumb.fr.html" -->
+<!--GNUN: OUT-OF-DATE NOTICE-->
+<!--#include virtual="/server/top-addendum.fr.html" -->
+<div class="article reduced-width">
<h2>Gardez le contrôle de votre informatique, afin qu'elle ne vous contrôle
pas !</h2>
-<p>par Richard Stallman<br />Publié initialement sur <cite>Der Spiegel
Online</cite></p>
+<address class="byline">par Richard Stallman</address>
-<p>Le World Wide Web, développé par Tim Berners Lee dans les années 90 en
tant
-que système destiné à la publication et à la lecture d'informations, se
+<div class="introduction">
+<p><em>Le World Wide Web, développé par Tim Berners Lee dans les années 90
en
+tant que système destiné à la publication et à la lecture d'informations,
se
transforme lentement en un système de traitement de l'information Ã
distance. Il stockera vos données et des données vous concernant, limitant
souvent votre accès à celles-ci mais autorisant l'accès par le FBI Ã
n'importe quel moment. Il traitera l'information pour vous, mais vous ne
pourrez pas contrôler ce qu'il fait. Il propose diverses attractions
-tentantes, mais vous devez y résister.</p>
+tentantes, mais vous devez y résister.</em></p>
+</div>
<p>Dans les années 80, la plupart des gens n'utilisaient pas d'ordinateur ;
ceux qui le faisaient utilisaient principalement des ordinateurs individuels
@@ -120,6 +129,12 @@
avoir le contrôle de leur informatique. Cela signifie qu'il vous faudra
nager à contre-courant pour en bénéficier.</p>
+<div class="infobox extra" role="complementary">
+<hr />
+<p>Publié initialement sur <cite>Der Spiegel Online</cite>.</p>
+</div>
+</div>
+
<div class="translators-notes">
<!--TRANSLATORS: Use space (SPC) as msgstr if you don't have notes.-->
@@ -131,7 +146,7 @@
<!-- for id="content", starts in the include above -->
<!--#include virtual="/server/footer.fr.html" -->
-<div id="footer">
+<div id="footer" role="contentinfo">
<div class="unprintable">
<p>Veuillez envoyer les requêtes concernant la FSF et GNU à <<a
@@ -151,7 +166,7 @@
<web-translators@gnu.org></a>.</p>
- <p>For information on coordinating and submitting translations of
+ <p>For information on coordinating and contributing translations of
our web pages, see <a
href="/server/standards/README.translations.html">Translations
README</a>. -->
@@ -166,7 +181,7 @@
<!-- Regarding copyright, in general, standalone pages (as opposed to
files generated as part of manuals) on the GNU web server should
- be under CC BY-ND 3.0 US. Please do NOT change or remove this
+ be under CC BY-ND 4.0. Please do NOT change or remove this
without talking with the webmasters or licensing team first.
Please make sure the copyright date is consistent with the
document. For web pages, it is ok to list just the latest year the
@@ -180,13 +195,13 @@
There is more detail about copyright years in the GNU Maintainers
Information document, www.gnu.org/prep/maintain. -->
-<p>Copyright © 2011 Richard Stallman</p>
+<p>Copyright © 2011, 2021 Richard Stallman</p>
<p>Cette page peut être utilisée suivant les conditions de la licence <a
rel="license"
-href="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nd/3.0/us/deed.fr";>Creative
-Commons attribution, pas de modification, 3.0Â Ãtats-Unis (CCÂ BY-ND
-3.0Â US)</a>.</p>
+href="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nd/4.0/deed.fr";>Creative
+Commons attribution, pas de modification, 4.0Â internationale (CCÂ BY-ND
+4.0)</a>.</p>
<!--#include virtual="/server/bottom-notes.fr.html" -->
<div class="translators-credits">
@@ -198,12 +213,12 @@
<p class="unprintable"><!-- timestamp start -->
Dernière mise à jour :
-$Date: 2021/05/31 21:09:10 $
+$Date: 2021/10/01 16:02:44 $
<!-- timestamp end -->
</p>
</div>
-
</div>
+<!-- for class="inner", starts in the banner include -->
</body>
</html>
Index: komongistan.fr.html
===================================================================
RCS file: /web/www/www/philosophy/komongistan.fr.html,v
retrieving revision 1.6
retrieving revision 1.7
diff -u -b -r1.6 -r1.7
--- komongistan.fr.html 31 May 2021 21:09:10 -0000 1.6
+++ komongistan.fr.html 1 Oct 2021 16:02:44 -0000 1.7
@@ -1,17 +1,25 @@
<!--#set var="ENGLISH_PAGE" value="/philosophy/komongistan.en.html" -->
<!--#include virtual="/server/header.fr.html" -->
-<!-- Parent-Version: 1.77 -->
+<!-- Parent-Version: 1.96 -->
+<!-- This page is derived from /server/standards/boilerplate.html -->
+<!--#set var="TAGS" value="essays laws noip" -->
+<!--#set var="DISABLE_TOP_ADDENDUM" value="yes" -->
<!-- This file is automatically generated by GNUnited Nations! -->
<title>L'histoire étrange du Komongistan - Projet GNU - Free Software
Foundation</title>
<!--#include virtual="/philosophy/po/komongistan.translist" -->
<!--#include virtual="/server/banner.fr.html" -->
-<h2>L'histoire étrange du Komongistan <small>(ou comment faire voler en
éclats
-l'expression «â¯propriété intellectuelleâ¯Â»)</small></h2>
+<!--#include virtual="/philosophy/ph-breadcrumb.fr.html" -->
+<!--GNUN: OUT-OF-DATE NOTICE-->
+<!--#include virtual="/server/top-addendum.fr.html" -->
+<div class="article reduced-width">
-<p>par <a href="http://www.stallman.org/";>Richard M. Stallman</a></p>
+<h2>L'histoire étrange du Komongistan<br /><small>(ou comment faire voler en
éclats l'expression «â¯propriété
+intellectuelleâ¯Â»)</small></h2>
+
+<address class="byline">par <a href="http://www.stallman.org/";>Richard
Stallman</a></address>
<p>L'objectif de cette parabole est d'illustrer à quel point l'expression
«â¯propriété intellectuelleâ¯Â» est malavisée. Quand je dis que <a
@@ -109,7 +117,7 @@
<li>Toutes les «â¯régions du Komongistanâ¯Â» possèdent des armes
nucléaires (faux
dans la mesure où ni la Mongolie, ni la Corée du Sud n'en sont dotées).</li>
- <li>Chaque «â¯régionâ¯Â» du Komongistan possède un <em>a</em> dans son
nom anglais
+ <li>Chaque «â¯régionâ¯Â» du Komongistan possède un <i>a</i> dans son nom
anglais
(vrai).</li>
</ul>
@@ -130,11 +138,11 @@
mis les modes de pensées et la société sur de fausses pistes.</p>
<p>Au terme de la discussion, ils ont décidé de conserver ce nom
générateur de
-confusion, mais se sont engagés à faire plus pour que les étudiants
-apprennent à distinguer les différences entre les trois «â¯régionsâ¯Â» du
-Komongistan. Ces efforts n'ont pas porté leurs fruits étant donné qu'ils ne
-peuvent pas empêcher les étudiants de suivre le courant de pensée qui
-amalgame ces régions.</p>
+confusion, mais se sont engagés à insister dans leurs cours sur les
+différences entre les trois «â¯régionsâ¯Â» du Komongistan, pour que les
+étudiants apprennent à les distinguer. Leurs efforts n'ont pas porté leurs
+fruits car ils ne peuvent empêcher les étudiants de suivre le courant de
+pensée qui amalgame ces régions.</p>
<p>En 1995, sous la pression des Ãtats-Unis et d'autres pays qui voulaient
n'avoir qu'une seule ambassade pour tout le Komongistan, les gouvernements
@@ -165,8 +173,9 @@
montrer que l'expression «â¯propriété intellectuelleâ¯Â» doit être
rejetée,
afin que les gens puissent étudier chacune d'elles et les évaluer sans faire
l'hypothèse qu'elles sont semblables. Voir une explication plus poussée dans
-<a href="/philosophy/not-ipr.html"> Vous avez dit «â¯propriété
-intellectuelleâ¯Â»â¯? Un séduisant mirage</a>.</p>
+«â¯<a href="/philosophy/not-ipr.html">Vous avez dit âpropriété
+intellectuelleââ¯? Un séduisant mirage</a>â¯Â».</p>
+</div>
<div class="translators-notes">
@@ -176,7 +185,7 @@
<!-- for id="content", starts in the include above -->
<!--#include virtual="/server/footer.fr.html" -->
-<div id="footer">
+<div id="footer" role="contentinfo">
<div class="unprintable">
<p>Veuillez envoyer les requêtes concernant la FSF et GNU à <<a
@@ -196,7 +205,7 @@
<web-translators@gnu.org></a>.</p>
- <p>For information on coordinating and submitting translations of
+ <p>For information on coordinating and contributing translations of
our web pages, see <a
href="/server/standards/README.translations.html">Translations
README</a>. -->
@@ -211,7 +220,7 @@
<!-- Regarding copyright, in general, standalone pages (as opposed to
files generated as part of manuals) on the GNU web server should
- be under CC BY-ND 3.0 US. Please do NOT change or remove this
+ be under CC BY-ND 4.0. Please do NOT change or remove this
without talking with the webmasters or licensing team first.
Please make sure the copyright date is consistent with the
document. For web pages, it is ok to list just the latest year the
@@ -225,7 +234,7 @@
There is more detail about copyright years in the GNU Maintainers
Information document, www.gnu.org/prep/maintain. -->
-<p>Copyright © 2015 Richard Stallman</p>
+<p>Copyright © 2015, 2021 Richard Stallman</p>
<p>Cette page peut être utilisée suivant les conditions de la licence <a
rel="license"
@@ -243,11 +252,12 @@
<p class="unprintable"><!-- timestamp start -->
Dernière mise à jour :
-$Date: 2021/05/31 21:09:10 $
+$Date: 2021/10/01 16:02:44 $
<!-- timestamp end -->
</p>
</div>
</div>
+<!-- for class="inner", starts in the banner include -->
</body>
</html>
Index: kragen-software.fr.html
===================================================================
RCS file: /web/www/www/philosophy/kragen-software.fr.html,v
retrieving revision 1.54
retrieving revision 1.55
diff -u -b -r1.54 -r1.55
--- kragen-software.fr.html 31 May 2021 21:09:10 -0000 1.54
+++ kragen-software.fr.html 1 Oct 2021 16:02:44 -0000 1.55
@@ -1,7 +1,10 @@
<!--#set var="ENGLISH_PAGE" value="/philosophy/kragen-software.en.html" -->
<!--#include virtual="/server/header.fr.html" -->
-<!-- Parent-Version: 1.77 -->
+<!-- Parent-Version: 1.96 -->
+<!-- This page is derived from /server/standards/boilerplate.html -->
+<!--#set var="TAGS" value="thirdparty" -->
+<!--#set var="DISABLE_TOP_ADDENDUM" value="yes" -->
<!-- This file is automatically generated by GNUnited Nations! -->
<title>Les gens, les lieux, les choses et les idées - Projet GNU - Free
Software
@@ -9,12 +12,16 @@
<!--#include virtual="/philosophy/po/kragen-software.translist" -->
<!--#include virtual="/server/banner.fr.html" -->
+<!--#include virtual="/philosophy/ph-breadcrumb.fr.html" -->
+<!--GNUN: OUT-OF-DATE NOTICE-->
+<!--#include virtual="/server/top-addendum.fr.html" -->
+<div class="article reduced-width">
<h2>Les gens, les lieux, les choses et les idées</h2>
-<p>
-par <strong>Kragen Sitaker <a
-href="mailto:kragen@pobox.com";><kragen@pobox.com></a></strong>
-</p>
+<address class="byline">
+par Kragen Sitaker <a
+href="mailto:kragen@pobox.com";><kragen@pobox.com></a>
+</address>
<h3 id="SEC1">Les logiciels</h3>
<p>
@@ -107,7 +114,7 @@
je suis de l'autre côté du rideau). Récemment, les événements les ont
forcés
à distribuer des implémentations logicielles de Skipjack ; ils l'ont donc
déclassifié. Voir <a
-href="https://www.schneier.com/crypto-gram/archives/1998/0715.html#skip";>http://www.schneier.com/crypto-gram-9807.html#skip
+href="https://www.schneier.com/crypto-gram/archives/1998/0715.html#skip";>schneier.com
[archivé]</a> pour plus de détails.
</p>
@@ -230,6 +237,7 @@
distribution entre de nombreuses machines de tâches nécessitant une grande
capacité de calcul.
</p>
+</div>
<div class="translators-notes">
@@ -239,7 +247,7 @@
<!-- for id="content", starts in the include above -->
<!--#include virtual="/server/footer.fr.html" -->
-<div id="footer">
+<div id="footer" role="contentinfo">
<div class="unprintable">
<p>Veuillez envoyer les requêtes concernant la FSF et GNU à <<a
@@ -259,7 +267,7 @@
<web-translators@gnu.org></a>.</p>
- <p>For information on coordinating and submitting translations of
+ <p>For information on coordinating and contributing translations of
our web pages, see <a
href="/server/standards/README.translations.html">Translations
README</a>. -->
@@ -272,22 +280,6 @@
les infos nécessaires.</p>
</div>
-<!-- Regarding copyright, in general, standalone pages (as opposed to
- files generated as part of manuals) on the GNU web server should
- be under CC BY-ND 3.0 US. Please do NOT change or remove this
- without talking with the webmasters or licensing team first.
- Please make sure the copyright date is consistent with the
- document. For web pages, it is ok to list just the latest year the
- document was modified, or published.
-
- If you wish to list earlier years, that is ok too.
- Either "2001, 2002, 2003" or "2001-2003" are ok for specifying
- years, as long as each year in the range is in fact a copyrightable
- year, i.e., a year in which the document was published (including
- being publicly visible on the web or in a revision control system).
-
- There is more detail about copyright years in the GNU Maintainers
- Information document, www.gnu.org/prep/maintain. -->
<p>Ce texte est dans le domaine public.</p>
<!--#include virtual="/server/bottom-notes.fr.html" -->
@@ -300,11 +292,12 @@
<p class="unprintable"><!-- timestamp start -->
Dernière mise à jour :
-$Date: 2021/05/31 21:09:10 $
+$Date: 2021/10/01 16:02:44 $
<!-- timestamp end -->
</p>
</div>
</div>
+<!-- for class="inner", starts in the banner include -->
</body>
</html>
Index: luispo-rms-interview.fr.html
===================================================================
RCS file: /web/www/www/philosophy/luispo-rms-interview.fr.html,v
retrieving revision 1.75
retrieving revision 1.76
diff -u -b -r1.75 -r1.76
--- luispo-rms-interview.fr.html 31 May 2021 21:09:10 -0000 1.75
+++ luispo-rms-interview.fr.html 1 Oct 2021 16:02:44 -0000 1.76
@@ -1,26 +1,28 @@
<!--#set var="ENGLISH_PAGE" value="/philosophy/luispo-rms-interview.en.html"
-->
<!--#include virtual="/server/header.fr.html" -->
-<!-- Parent-Version: 1.79 -->
+<!-- Parent-Version: 1.96 -->
+<!-- This page is derived from /server/standards/boilerplate.html -->
+<!--#set var="TAGS" value="speeches" -->
+<!--#set var="DISABLE_TOP_ADDENDUM" value="yes" -->
<!-- This file is automatically generated by GNUnited Nations! -->
-<title>Entretien : Richard M. Stallman - Projet GNU - Free Software
Foundation</title>
+<title>Entretien avec Richard Stallman (2001) - Projet GNU - Free Software
+Foundation</title>
<style type="text/css" media="screen"><!--
-blockquote {
- font-style: italic;
- margin-top: 2em;
-}
+blockquote { font-style: italic; margin-top: 2em; }
-->
</style>
<!--#include virtual="/philosophy/po/luispo-rms-interview.translist" -->
<!--#include virtual="/server/banner.fr.html" -->
-<h2>Entretien : Richard M. Stallman</h2>
+<!--#include virtual="/philosophy/ph-breadcrumb.fr.html" -->
+<!--GNUN: OUT-OF-DATE NOTICE-->
+<!--#include virtual="/server/top-addendum.fr.html" -->
+<div class="article reduced-width">
+<h2>Entretien avec Richard Stallman (2001)</h2>
-<p>
-<i>Entretien entre Louis Suarez-Potts et Richard M. Stallman.</i>
-</p>
-<hr class="thin" />
+<address class="byline">conduit par Louis Suarez-Potts</address>
<p>
Richard M. Stallman est le praticien/théoricien le plus énergique et le plus
@@ -253,8 +255,9 @@
<p>
Stallman n'a pas répondu à cette requête de clarification, mais il
se trouve
-que dans une <a href="/events/rms-nyu-2001-transcript.html">conférence</a>
-donnée récemment à l'Université de New York, il répond à la propagande de
+que dans une <a
+href="/philosophy/rms-nyu-2001-transcript.html">conférence</a> donnée
+récemment à l'Université de New York, il répond à la propagande de
Microsoft. La <i>Free Software Foundation</i> a également présenté une <a
href="/press/2001-05-04-GPL.html">défense</a> du logiciel libre.
</p>
@@ -301,7 +304,7 @@
<p>
à l'âge de la presse à imprimer, c'était vrai : le <a
-href="https://webarchive.nationalarchives.gov.uk/20140603093549/http://www.ipo.gov.uk/types/copy/c-about/c-history.htm";>copyright</a>
+href="https://webarchive.nationalarchives.gov.uk/ukgwa/20140603100055/http://www.ipo.gov.uk/types/copy/c-about/c-history.htm";>copyright</a>
était une restriction pour les maisons d'édition, car il leur imposait de
payer l'auteur d'un livre. Mais il ne restreignait pas les lecteurs, parce
que seuls les éditeurs pouvaient effectuer les actions qu'il restreignait.
@@ -392,6 +395,7 @@
<p>
De la bonne humeur. C'est l'esprit du hacker. Ha ha, sérieusement.
</p>
+</div>
<div class="translators-notes">
@@ -420,7 +424,7 @@
<!-- for id="content", starts in the include above -->
<!--#include virtual="/server/footer.fr.html" -->
-<div id="footer">
+<div id="footer" role="contentinfo">
<div class="unprintable">
<p>Veuillez envoyer les requêtes concernant la FSF et GNU à <<a
@@ -440,7 +444,7 @@
<web-translators@gnu.org></a>.</p>
- <p>For information on coordinating and submitting translations of
+ <p>For information on coordinating and contributing translations of
our web pages, see <a
href="/server/standards/README.translations.html">Translations
README</a>. -->
@@ -469,7 +473,7 @@
There is more detail about copyright years in the GNU Maintainers
Information document, www.gnu.org/prep/maintain. -->
-<p>Copyright © 2001, 2007, 2013, 2016, 2019 Free Software Foundation,
Inc.</p>
+<p>Copyright © 2001, 2021 Free Software Foundation, Inc.</p>
<p>Cette page peut être utilisée suivant les conditions de la licence <a
rel="license"
@@ -487,11 +491,12 @@
<p class="unprintable"><!-- timestamp start -->
Dernière mise à jour :
-$Date: 2021/05/31 21:09:10 $
+$Date: 2021/10/01 16:02:44 $
<!-- timestamp end -->
</p>
</div>
</div>
+<!-- for class="inner", starts in the banner include -->
</body>
</html>
Index: not-ipr.fr.html
===================================================================
RCS file: /web/www/www/philosophy/not-ipr.fr.html,v
retrieving revision 1.70
retrieving revision 1.71
diff -u -b -r1.70 -r1.71
--- not-ipr.fr.html 31 May 2021 21:09:11 -0000 1.70
+++ not-ipr.fr.html 1 Oct 2021 16:02:44 -0000 1.71
@@ -1,7 +1,10 @@
<!--#set var="ENGLISH_PAGE" value="/philosophy/not-ipr.en.html" -->
<!--#include virtual="/server/header.fr.html" -->
-<!-- Parent-Version: 1.86 -->
+<!-- Parent-Version: 1.96 -->
+<!-- This page is derived from /server/standards/boilerplate.html -->
+<!--#set var="TAGS" value="essays laws noip" -->
+<!--#set var="DISABLE_TOP_ADDENDUM" value="yes" -->
<!-- This file is automatically generated by GNUnited Nations! -->
<title>Vous avez dit « propriété intellectuelle » ? Un séduisant
mirage - Projet
@@ -9,10 +12,15 @@
<!--#include virtual="/philosophy/po/not-ipr.translist" -->
<!--#include virtual="/server/banner.fr.html" -->
+<!--#include virtual="/philosophy/ph-breadcrumb.fr.html" -->
+<!--GNUN: OUT-OF-DATE NOTICE-->
+<!--#include virtual="/server/top-addendum.fr.html" -->
+<div class="article reduced-width">
<h2>Vous avez dit « propriété intellectuelle » ? Un séduisant
mirage</h2>
-<p>par <a href="http://www.stallman.org/";>Richard M. Stallman</a></p>
+<address class="byline">par <a href="http://www.stallman.org/";>Richard
Stallman</a></address>
+<div class="introduction">
<p>
C'est devenu à la mode de jeter le copyright, les brevets et les marques
déposées (trois entités séparées et très différentes, impliquant trois
types
@@ -22,6 +30,7 @@
l'industrie profite et qu'elle entretient. Le moyen le plus simple de sortir
de cette confusion est de le rejeter complètement.
</p>
+</div>
<p>
Selon le Professeur Mark Lemley, exerçant actuellement à la <i>Stanford Law
@@ -243,7 +252,7 @@
</p>
<p>Et quand viendra l'heure de la réforme, voici <a
-href="http://fsfe.org/projects/wipo/wiwo.fr.html";>une proposition pour
+href="https://fsfe.org/projects/wipo/wiwo.fr.html";>une proposition pour
changer le nom et l'objet de l'OMPI</a>.
</p>
@@ -258,19 +267,20 @@
<p>
Les pays d'Afrique sont bien plus semblables entre eux que ne le sont ces
lois, et « l'Afrique » est un concept géographique cohérent ;
néanmoins, <a
-href="http://www.theguardian.com/world/2014/jan/24/africa-clinton";>parler de
-« l'Afrique » plutôt que d'un pays en particulier crée beaucoup de
+href="https://www.theguardian.com/world/2014/jan/24/africa-clinton";>parler
+de « l'Afrique » plutôt que d'un pays en particulier crée beaucoup de
confusion</a>.
</p>
<p>
<a
-href="http://torrentfreak.com/language-matters-framing-the-copyright-monopoly-so-we-can-keep-our-liberties-130714/";>Rickard
+href="https://torrentfreak.com/language-matters-framing-the-copyright-monopoly-so-we-can-keep-our-liberties-130714/";>Rickard
Falkvinge appelle à rejeter cette expression</a>.</p>
<p><a
href="http://www.locusmag.com/Perspectives/2016/11/cory-doctorow-sole-and-despotic-dominion/";>Cory
Doctorow condamne également</a> le terme « propriété intellectuelleÂ
»</p>
+</div>
<div class="translators-notes">
@@ -280,7 +290,7 @@
<!-- for id="content", starts in the include above -->
<!--#include virtual="/server/footer.fr.html" -->
-<div id="footer">
+<div id="footer" role="contentinfo">
<div class="unprintable">
<p>Veuillez envoyer les requêtes concernant la FSF et GNU à <<a
@@ -300,7 +310,7 @@
<web-translators@gnu.org></a>.</p>
- <p>For information on coordinating and submitting translations of
+ <p>For information on coordinating and contributing translations of
our web pages, see <a
href="/server/standards/README.translations.html">Translations
README</a>. -->
@@ -329,8 +339,7 @@
There is more detail about copyright years in the GNU Maintainers
Information document, www.gnu.org/prep/maintain. -->
-<p>Copyright © 2004, 2006, 2010, 2013, 2015, 2016, 2017, 2018 Richard
-M. Stallman</p>
+<p>Copyright © 2004, 2006, 2010, 2013-2017, 2021 Richard Stallman</p>
<p>Cette page peut être utilisée suivant les conditions de la licence <a
rel="license"
@@ -348,7 +357,7 @@
<p class="unprintable"><!-- timestamp start -->
Dernière mise à jour :
-$Date: 2021/05/31 21:09:11 $
+$Date: 2021/10/01 16:02:44 $
<!-- timestamp end -->
</p>
Index: phone-anonymous-payment.fr.html
===================================================================
RCS file: /web/www/www/philosophy/phone-anonymous-payment.fr.html,v
retrieving revision 1.4
retrieving revision 1.5
diff -u -b -r1.4 -r1.5
--- phone-anonymous-payment.fr.html 31 May 2021 21:09:11 -0000 1.4
+++ phone-anonymous-payment.fr.html 1 Oct 2021 16:02:44 -0000 1.5
@@ -1,16 +1,23 @@
<!--#set var="ENGLISH_PAGE"
value="/philosophy/phone-anonymous-payment.en.html" -->
<!--#include virtual="/server/header.fr.html" -->
-<!-- Parent-Version: 1.86 -->
+<!-- Parent-Version: 1.96 -->
+<!-- This page is derived from /server/standards/boilerplate.html -->
+<!--#set var="TAGS" value="essays cultural evils" -->
+<!--#set var="DISABLE_TOP_ADDENDUM" value="yes" -->
<!-- This file is automatically generated by GNUnited Nations! -->
<title>Paiement anonyme par téléphone - Projet GNU - Free Software
Foundation</title>
<!--#include virtual="/philosophy/po/phone-anonymous-payment.translist" -->
<!--#include virtual="/server/banner.fr.html" -->
+<!--#include virtual="/philosophy/ph-breadcrumb.fr.html" -->
+<!--GNUN: OUT-OF-DATE NOTICE-->
+<!--#include virtual="/server/top-addendum.fr.html" -->
+<div class="article reduced-width">
<h2>Paiement anonyme par téléphone</h2>
-<p>par Richard Stallman</p>
+<address class="byline">par Richard Stallman</address>
<p>Voici une idée de système anonyme de paiement qui serait utile dans
certains
cas.</p>
@@ -29,6 +36,7 @@
<p>Il devrait être possible de faire ceci à l'aide d'une carte
téléphonique,
dans une cabine publique ou sur le téléphone d'une autre personne.</p>
+</div>
<div class="translators-notes">
@@ -38,7 +46,7 @@
<!-- for id="content", starts in the include above -->
<!--#include virtual="/server/footer.fr.html" -->
-<div id="footer">
+<div id="footer" role="contentinfo">
<div class="unprintable">
<p>Veuillez envoyer les requêtes concernant la FSF et GNU à <<a
@@ -58,7 +66,7 @@
<web-translators@gnu.org></a>.</p>
- <p>For information on coordinating and submitting translations of
+ <p>For information on coordinating and contributing translations of
our web pages, see <a
href="/server/standards/README.translations.html">Translations
README</a>. -->
@@ -87,7 +95,7 @@
There is more detail about copyright years in the GNU Maintainers
Information document, www.gnu.org/prep/maintain. -->
-<p>Copyright © 2018, 2019 Free Software Foundation, Inc</p>
+<p>Copyright © 2018, 2021 Free Software Foundation, Inc</p>
<p>Cette page peut être utilisée suivant les conditions de la licence <a
rel="license"
@@ -105,7 +113,7 @@
<p class="unprintable"><!-- timestamp start -->
Dernière mise à jour :
-$Date: 2021/05/31 21:09:11 $
+$Date: 2021/10/01 16:02:44 $
<!-- timestamp end -->
</p>
Index: practical.fr.html
===================================================================
RCS file: /web/www/www/philosophy/practical.fr.html,v
retrieving revision 1.33
retrieving revision 1.34
diff -u -b -r1.33 -r1.34
--- practical.fr.html 31 May 2021 21:09:11 -0000 1.33
+++ practical.fr.html 1 Oct 2021 16:02:44 -0000 1.34
@@ -1,20 +1,29 @@
<!--#set var="ENGLISH_PAGE" value="/philosophy/practical.en.html" -->
<!--#include virtual="/server/header.fr.html" -->
-<!-- Parent-Version: 1.77 -->
+<!-- Parent-Version: 1.96 -->
+<!-- This page is derived from /server/standards/boilerplate.html -->
+<!--#set var="TAGS" value="essays upholding action" -->
+<!--#set var="DISABLE_TOP_ADDENDUM" value="yes" -->
<!-- This file is automatically generated by GNUnited Nations! -->
<title>Les avantages du logiciel libre - Projet GNU - Free Software
Foundation</title>
<!--#include virtual="/philosophy/po/practical.translist" -->
<!--#include virtual="/server/banner.fr.html" -->
+<!--#include virtual="/philosophy/ph-breadcrumb.fr.html" -->
+<!--GNUN: OUT-OF-DATE NOTICE-->
+<!--#include virtual="/server/top-addendum.fr.html" -->
+<div class="article reduced-width">
<h2>Les avantages du logiciel libre</h2>
-<p>par <strong>Richard Stallman</strong></p>
+<address class="byline">par Richard Stallman</address>
-<p><strong>Les gens extérieurs au mouvement du logiciel libre posent souvent
la
+<div class="introduction">
+<p><em>Les gens extérieurs au mouvement du logiciel libre posent souvent la
question des avantages pratiques du logiciel libre. C'est une curieuse
-question.</strong></p>
+question.</em></p>
+</div>
<p>Les logiciels non libres sont mauvais, car ils nient votre liberté. Donc,
demander quels sont les avantages pratiques du logiciel libre est comme
@@ -36,6 +45,7 @@
<p>Une fois que vous aurez réalisé que c'est ce qui est en jeu avec le
logiciel
non libre, vous n'aurez plus besoin de demander quels avantages pratiques
présente le logiciel libre.</p>
+</div>
<div class="translators-notes">
@@ -45,7 +55,7 @@
<!-- for id="content", starts in the include above -->
<!--#include virtual="/server/footer.fr.html" -->
-<div id="footer">
+<div id="footer" role="contentinfo">
<div class="unprintable">
<p>Veuillez envoyer les requêtes concernant la FSF et GNU à <<a
@@ -65,7 +75,7 @@
<web-translators@gnu.org></a>.</p>
- <p>For information on coordinating and submitting translations of
+ <p>For information on coordinating and contributing translations of
our web pages, see <a
href="/server/standards/README.translations.html">Translations
README</a>. -->
@@ -80,7 +90,7 @@
<!-- Regarding copyright, in general, standalone pages (as opposed to
files generated as part of manuals) on the GNU web server should
- be under CC BY-ND 3.0 US. Please do NOT change or remove this
+ be under CC BY-ND 4.0. Please do NOT change or remove this
without talking with the webmasters or licensing team first.
Please make sure the copyright date is consistent with the
document. For web pages, it is ok to list just the latest year the
@@ -94,13 +104,13 @@
There is more detail about copyright years in the GNU Maintainers
Information document, www.gnu.org/prep/maintain. -->
-<p>Copyright © 2010 Richard Stallman</p>
+<p>Copyright © 2010, 2021 Richard Stallman</p>
<p>Cette page peut être utilisée suivant les conditions de la licence <a
rel="license"
-href="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nd/3.0/us/deed.fr";>Creative
-Commons attribution, pas de modification, 3.0Â Ãtats-Unis (CCÂ BY-ND
-3.0Â US)</a>.</p>
+href="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nd/4.0/deed.fr";>Creative
+Commons attribution, pas de modification, 4.0Â internationale (CCÂ BY-ND
+4.0)</a>.</p>
<!--#include virtual="/server/bottom-notes.fr.html" -->
<div class="translators-credits">
@@ -112,11 +122,12 @@
<p class="unprintable"><!-- timestamp start -->
Dernière mise à jour :
-$Date: 2021/05/31 21:09:11 $
+$Date: 2021/10/01 16:02:44 $
<!-- timestamp end -->
</p>
</div>
</div>
+<!-- for class="inner", starts in the banner include -->
</body>
</html>
Index: protecting.fr.html
===================================================================
RCS file: /web/www/www/philosophy/protecting.fr.html,v
retrieving revision 1.66
retrieving revision 1.67
diff -u -b -r1.66 -r1.67
--- protecting.fr.html 31 May 2021 21:09:11 -0000 1.66
+++ protecting.fr.html 1 Oct 2021 16:02:44 -0000 1.67
@@ -1,7 +1,10 @@
<!--#set var="ENGLISH_PAGE" value="/philosophy/protecting.en.html" -->
<!--#include virtual="/server/header.fr.html" -->
-<!-- Parent-Version: 1.77 -->
+<!-- Parent-Version: 1.96 -->
+<!-- This page is derived from /server/standards/boilerplate.html -->
+<!--#set var="TAGS" value="essays laws patents" -->
+<!--#set var="DISABLE_TOP_ADDENDUM" value="yes" -->
<!-- This file is automatically generated by GNUnited Nations! -->
<title>Aider à défendre le droit d'écrire des logiciels, libres ou non -
Projet GNU
@@ -9,14 +12,19 @@
<!--#include virtual="/philosophy/po/protecting.translist" -->
<!--#include virtual="/server/banner.fr.html" -->
+<!--#include virtual="/philosophy/ph-breadcrumb.fr.html" -->
+<!--GNUN: OUT-OF-DATE NOTICE-->
+<!--#include virtual="/server/top-addendum.fr.html" -->
+<div class="article reduced-width">
<h2>Aider à défendre le droit d'écrire des logiciels, libres ou non</h2>
-<blockquote><p>
+<div class="infobox" style="font-style:italic"><p>
La <i>League for Programming Freedom</i> (Ligue pour la liberté de
programmer) a maintenant cessé son activité et son site est archivé. Merci
-de rejoindre notre campagne <a href="http://endsoftpatents.org";>pour la
+de rejoindre notre campagne <a href="https://endsoftwarepatents.org";>pour la
disparition des brevets logiciels</a>Â !
-</p></blockquote>
+</p></div>
+<hr class="thin" />
<p>
Le droit d'écrire des logiciels, libres ou non, est menacé par <a
@@ -55,6 +63,7 @@
problème jusqu'à ce que vous ou votre employeur soyez poursuivis en justice,
mais il est plus prudent de prendre les devants avant que cela n'arrive.
</p>
+</div>
<div class="translators-notes">
@@ -64,7 +73,7 @@
<!-- for id="content", starts in the include above -->
<!--#include virtual="/server/footer.fr.html" -->
-<div id="footer">
+<div id="footer" role="contentinfo">
<div class="unprintable">
<p>Veuillez envoyer les requêtes concernant la FSF et GNU à <<a
@@ -84,7 +93,7 @@
<web-translators@gnu.org></a>.</p>
- <p>For information on coordinating and submitting translations of
+ <p>For information on coordinating and contributing translations of
our web pages, see <a
href="/server/standards/README.translations.html">Translations
README</a>. -->
@@ -113,7 +122,7 @@
There is more detail about copyright years in the GNU Maintainers
Information document, www.gnu.org/prep/maintain. -->
-<p>Copyright © 1996, 1997, 1998, 2007, 2008, 2013, 2015 Free Software</p>
+<p>Copyright © 1996-1998, 2007, 2021 Free Software</p>
<p>Cette page peut être utilisée suivant les conditions de la licence <a
rel="license"
@@ -131,11 +140,12 @@
<p class="unprintable"><!-- timestamp start -->
Dernière mise à jour :
-$Date: 2021/05/31 21:09:11 $
+$Date: 2021/10/01 16:02:44 $
<!-- timestamp end -->
</p>
</div>
</div>
+<!-- for class="inner", starts in the banner include -->
</body>
</html>
Index: push-copyright-aside.fr.html
===================================================================
RCS file: /web/www/www/philosophy/push-copyright-aside.fr.html,v
retrieving revision 1.70
retrieving revision 1.71
diff -u -b -r1.70 -r1.71
--- push-copyright-aside.fr.html 31 May 2021 21:09:11 -0000 1.70
+++ push-copyright-aside.fr.html 1 Oct 2021 16:02:44 -0000 1.71
@@ -1,7 +1,10 @@
<!--#set var="ENGLISH_PAGE" value="/philosophy/push-copyright-aside.en.html"
-->
<!--#include virtual="/server/header.fr.html" -->
-<!-- Parent-Version: 1.86 -->
+<!-- Parent-Version: 1.96 -->
+<!-- This page is derived from /server/standards/boilerplate.html -->
+<!--#set var="TAGS" value="essays laws copyright" -->
+<!--#set var="DISABLE_TOP_ADDENDUM" value="yes" -->
<!-- This file is automatically generated by GNUnited Nations! -->
<title>La science doit « mettre le droit d'auteur de côté » - Projet GNU
- Free
@@ -9,10 +12,15 @@
<!--#include virtual="/philosophy/po/push-copyright-aside.translist" -->
<!--#include virtual="/server/banner.fr.html" -->
+<!--#include virtual="/philosophy/ph-breadcrumb.fr.html" -->
+<!--GNUN: OUT-OF-DATE NOTICE-->
+<!--#include virtual="/server/top-addendum.fr.html" -->
+<div class="article reduced-width">
<h2>La science doit mettre le droit d'auteur de côté</h2>
-<p>par <strong>Richard M. Stallman</strong></p>
+<address class="byline">par Richard M. Stallman</address>
+<div class="introduction">
<p><em>Il arrive souvent que de nombreux points amenant à la conclusion que la
liberté du logiciel doit être universelle s'appliquent à d'autres formes
d'Åuvres d'expression, bien que de manière différente. Cet essai concerne
@@ -22,9 +30,7 @@
nombreuses personnes intéressées par le logiciel libre veulent savoir
comment ces principes peuvent s'appliquer à des domaines autres que le
logiciel.</em></p>
-
-<p>(Cet article est paru dans le forum <b>web</b>debates de la revue
-<em>Nature</em> en 2001)</p>
+</div>
<p>Il doit être évident pour tout un chacun que la littérature scientifique
est
faite pour diffuser les connaissances scientifiques, et que les revues
@@ -117,24 +123,23 @@
« pour promouvoir le progrès de la science ». Quand le droit d'auteur
freine
les progrès de la science, la science doit mettre le droit d'auteur de
côté.</p>
-<hr />
+<hr class="column-limit" />
-Suite de l'histoire
+<h3 class="footnote">Suite de l'histoire</h3>
<p>Certaines universités ont adopté des règles tendant à amoindrir le
pouvoir
-des éditeurs. Par exemple voici les règles d'accès libre du MIT :<br/>
-<a
-href="https://libraries.mit.edu/scholarly/mit-open-access/open-access-policy/";>https://libraries.mit.edu/scholarly/mit-open-access/open-access-policy/</a>.
-Nous avons cependant besoin d'une politique plus ferme, puisque celle-lÃ
-permet à certains auteurs de se retirer du système (c'est-à -dire de
-s'écraser).</p>
+des éditeurs. Par exemple voici les <a
+href="https://libraries.mit.edu/scholarly/mit-open-access/open-access-policy/";>règles
+d'accès libre du MIT</a>. Nous avons cependant besoin d'une politique plus
+ferme, puisque celle-là permet à certains auteurs de se retirer du système
+(c'est-à -dire de s'écraser).</p>
<p>Le gouvernement américain a imposé une condition appelée <i>public
-access</i> (accès du public) à certaines recherches subventionnées. Elle
-exige que ces recherches soient publiées pendant un certain laps de temps
-sur un site qui autorise tout un chacun à lire l'article. Cette exigence est
-un pas dans la bonne direction, mais elle est inadéquate parce qu'elle
-n'inclut pas la liberté de redistribuer l'article.</p>
+access</i> (accessibilité au public) à certaines recherches
+subventionnées. Elle exige que ces recherches soient publiées pendant un
+certain laps de temps sur un site qui autorise tout un chacun à lire
+l'article. Cette exigence est un pas dans la bonne direction, mais elle est
+inadéquate parce qu'elle n'inclut pas la liberté de redistribuer
l'article.</p>
<p>Curieusement, le concept antérieur d'<i>open access</i> dans l'«Â
Initiative
de Budapest pour l'accès ouvert » <i>[Budapest Open Access Initiative]</i>
@@ -145,11 +150,19 @@
<p>Cependant, le mot <i>open</i> a eu le dessus : des militants influents de
l'<i>open access</i> ont ultérieurement laissé tomber la liberté de
redistribuer. Je continue à soutenir la position de la <a
-href="http://www.budapestopenaccessinitiative.org/";><abbr title="Budapest
+href="https://www.budapestopenaccessinitiative.org/";><abbr title="Budapest
Open Access Initiative">BOAI</abbr></a>, mais maintenant qu'<i>open
access</i> veut dire quelque chose d'autre, je m'y réfère par l'expression
« publication librement redistribuable ».</p>
+<div class="infobox extra" role="complementary">
+<hr />
+<p>Cet article est paru dans <a
+href="https://web.archive.org/web/20050729110347/http://www.nature.com/nature/debates/e-access/Articles/stallman.html";><cite>Nature
+WebDebates</cite></a> en 2001.</p>
+</div>
+</div>
+
<div class="translators-notes">
<!--TRANSLATORS: Use space (SPC) as msgstr if you don't have notes.-->
@@ -166,7 +179,7 @@
<!-- for id="content", starts in the include above -->
<!--#include virtual="/server/footer.fr.html" -->
-<div id="footer">
+<div id="footer" role="contentinfo">
<div class="unprintable">
<p>Veuillez envoyer les requêtes concernant la FSF et GNU à <<a
@@ -186,7 +199,7 @@
<web-translators@gnu.org></a>.</p>
- <p>For information on coordinating and submitting translations of
+ <p>For information on coordinating and contributing translations of
our web pages, see <a
href="/server/standards/README.translations.html">Translations
README</a>. -->
@@ -215,7 +228,7 @@
There is more detail about copyright years in the GNU Maintainers
Information document, www.gnu.org/prep/maintain. -->
-<p>Copyright © 2001, 2012, 2015, 2016, 2017, 2018 Richard M. Stallman</p>
+<p>Copyright © 2001, 2010-2012, 2021 Richard M. Stallman</p>
<p>Cette page peut être utilisée suivant les conditions de la licence <a
rel="license"
@@ -233,7 +246,7 @@
<p class="unprintable"><!-- timestamp start -->
Dernière mise à jour :
-$Date: 2021/05/31 21:09:11 $
+$Date: 2021/10/01 16:02:44 $
<!-- timestamp end -->
</p>
Index: self-interest.fr.html
===================================================================
RCS file: /web/www/www/philosophy/self-interest.fr.html,v
retrieving revision 1.61
retrieving revision 1.62
diff -u -b -r1.61 -r1.62
--- self-interest.fr.html 31 May 2021 21:09:11 -0000 1.61
+++ self-interest.fr.html 1 Oct 2021 16:02:44 -0000 1.62
@@ -1,20 +1,24 @@
<!--#set var="ENGLISH_PAGE" value="/philosophy/self-interest.en.html" -->
<!--#include virtual="/server/header.fr.html" -->
-<!-- Parent-Version: 1.92 -->
+<!-- Parent-Version: 1.96 -->
+<!-- This page is derived from /server/standards/boilerplate.html -->
+<!--#set var="TAGS" value="thirdparty" -->
+<!--#set var="DISABLE_TOP_ADDENDUM" value="yes" -->
<!-- This file is automatically generated by GNUnited Nations! -->
<title>L'intérêt personnel - Projet GNU - Free Software Foundation</title>
<!--#include virtual="/philosophy/po/self-interest.translist" -->
<!--#include virtual="/server/banner.fr.html" -->
-<div class="reduced-width">
+<!--#include virtual="/philosophy/ph-breadcrumb.fr.html" -->
+<!--GNUN: OUT-OF-DATE NOTICE-->
+<!--#include virtual="/server/top-addendum.fr.html" -->
+<div class="article reduced-width">
<h2>L'intérêt personnel</h2>
<address class="byline">par Loyd Fueston</address>
-<hr class="thin" />
-<div class="article">
<p>
L'intérêt personnel est-il suffisant pour organiser une économie libreÂ
?</p>
@@ -40,7 +44,7 @@
<blockquote><p>
[Adam Smith] considérait la tentative d'expliquer tout comportement humain
sur les bases de l'intérêt personnel comme peu judicieuse analytiquement et
-pernicieuse moralement. <a href="#fn1">[1]</a>
+pernicieuse moralement. <a href="#fn1">[1]</a>
</p></blockquote>
<p>
@@ -62,7 +66,7 @@
proportion d'Américains d'agir d'une manière qui serve à la fois leur
intérêt personnel et quelques principes moraux essentiels. Outre nos us et
coutumes, notre droit positif<a id="TransNote1-rev"
-href="#TransNote1"><sup>1</sup></a> â comme celui du copyright â entre
aussi
+href="#TransNote1"><sup>1</sup></a> (comme celui du copyright) entre aussi
en jeu dans l'organisation de notre société, en bien ou en mal, mais pas
d'une manière moralement neutre.</p>
<p>
@@ -138,10 +142,9 @@
un but plus élevé, que ce soit la préservation de la liberté dans la
société
tout entière ou la préservation de l'esprit de coopération à l'intérieur
des
communautés de programmeurs, ou peut-être même les deux à la fois.</p>
-</div>
+<div class="column-limit"></div>
-<div class="infobox">
-<h3>Notes</h3>
+<h3 class="footnote">Notes</h3>
<ol>
<li id="fn1">Les deux citations sont tirées de la page 2 d'<cite>Adam
Smith: In His Time
and Ours</cite> (Adam Smith : de son temps et du nôtre), de Jerry Z.Â
Muller,
@@ -151,7 +154,6 @@
</ol>
</div>
-</div>
<div class="translators-notes">
<!--TRANSLATORS: Use space (SPC) as msgstr if you don't have notes.-->
@@ -162,7 +164,7 @@
<!-- for id="content", starts in the include above -->
<!--#include virtual="/server/footer.fr.html" -->
-<div id="footer">
+<div id="footer" role="contentinfo">
<div class="unprintable">
<p>Veuillez envoyer les requêtes concernant la FSF et GNU à <<a
@@ -182,7 +184,7 @@
<web-translators@gnu.org></a>.</p>
- <p>For information on coordinating and submitting translations of
+ <p>For information on coordinating and contributing translations of
our web pages, see <a
href="/server/standards/README.translations.html">Translations
README</a>. -->
@@ -195,22 +197,6 @@
les infos nécessaires.</p>
</div>
-<!-- Regarding copyright, in general, standalone pages (as opposed to
- files generated as part of manuals) on the GNU web server should
- be under CC BY-ND 4.0. Please do NOT change or remove this
- without talking with the webmasters or licensing team first.
- Please make sure the copyright date is consistent with the
- document. For web pages, it is ok to list just the latest year the
- document was modified, or published.
-
- If you wish to list earlier years, that is ok too.
- Either "2001, 2002, 2003" or "2001-2003" are ok for specifying
- years, as long as each year in the range is in fact a copyrightable
- year, i.e., a year in which the document was published (including
- being publicly visible on the web or in a revision control system).
-
- There is more detail about copyright years in the GNU Maintainers
- Information document, www.gnu.org/prep/maintain. -->
<p>Copyright © 1998 Loyd Fueston <a
href="mailto:fueston@banet.net";><fueston@banet.net></a></p>
@@ -228,11 +214,12 @@
<p class="unprintable"><!-- timestamp start -->
Dernière mise à jour :
-$Date: 2021/05/31 21:09:11 $
+$Date: 2021/10/01 16:02:44 $
<!-- timestamp end -->
</p>
</div>
</div>
+<!-- for class="inner", starts in the banner include -->
</body>
</html>
Index: sun-in-night-time.fr.html
===================================================================
RCS file: /web/www/www/philosophy/sun-in-night-time.fr.html,v
retrieving revision 1.55
retrieving revision 1.56
diff -u -b -r1.55 -r1.56
--- sun-in-night-time.fr.html 31 May 2021 21:09:11 -0000 1.55
+++ sun-in-night-time.fr.html 1 Oct 2021 16:02:44 -0000 1.56
@@ -1,7 +1,10 @@
<!--#set var="ENGLISH_PAGE" value="/philosophy/sun-in-night-time.en.html" -->
<!--#include virtual="/server/header.fr.html" -->
-<!-- Parent-Version: 1.77 -->
+<!-- Parent-Version: 1.96 -->
+<!-- This page is derived from /server/standards/boilerplate.html -->
+<!--#set var="TAGS" value="essays licensing traps" -->
+<!--#set var="DISABLE_TOP_ADDENDUM" value="yes" -->
<!-- This file is automatically generated by GNUnited Nations! -->
<title>Le curieux non-événement de Sun dans la pénombre - Projet GNU - Free
@@ -9,18 +12,25 @@
<!--#include virtual="/philosophy/po/sun-in-night-time.translist" -->
<!--#include virtual="/server/banner.fr.html" -->
+<!--#include virtual="/philosophy/ph-breadcrumb.fr.html" -->
+<!--GNUN: OUT-OF-DATE NOTICE-->
+<!--#include virtual="/server/top-addendum.fr.html" -->
+<div class="article reduced-width">
+
<h2>Le curieux non-événement de Sun dans la pénombre</h2>
-<p><i>Nous laissons cette page en place à des fins historiques, mais en
-décembre 2006, Sun est en train de <a
+<address class="byline">par <a href="http://www.stallman.org/";>Richard
Stallman</a></address>
+
+<div class="infobox">
+<p>Nous laissons cette page en place à des fins historiques, mais en décembre
+2006, Sun est en train de <a
href="http://www.fsf.org/news/fsf-welcomes-gpl-java.html";>republier sa
plateforme Java sous licence GNU GPL</a>. Quand ce changement de licence
-sera terminé, la plateforme Java de Sun sera un logiciel libre.</i></p>
+sera terminé, la plateforme Java de Sun sera un logiciel libre.</p>
+</div>
+<hr class="thin" />
- <p>
- par <a href="http://www.stallman.org/";>Richard M. Stallman</a><br />
- 24 mai 2006
- </p>
+<p><i>24 mai 2006</i></p>
<p>
Notre communauté a bourdonné de la rumeur que Sun avait rendu libre
(ou
@@ -94,13 +104,13 @@
</p>
<p>
- Dans le projet GNU, nous continuons à développer le <a
-href="http://gcc.gnu.org/java/";>compilateur GNU pour Java et GNU
-Classpath</a> ; nous avons fait de gros progrès l'an passé et par
conséquent
-notre plateforme libre Java est incluse dans de nombreuses distributions
-majeures GNU/Linux. Si vous voulez exécuter Java et avoir la liberté, merci
-de nous rejoindre pour apporter votre aide.
+ Dans le projet GNU, nous continuons à développer le compilateur GNU
pour
+Java et GNU Classpath ; nous avons fait de gros progrès l'an passé et par
+conséquent notre plateforme libre Java est incluse dans de nombreuses
+distributions majeures GNU/Linux. Si vous voulez exécuter Java et avoir la
+liberté, merci de nous rejoindre pour apporter votre aide.
</p>
+</div>
<div class="translators-notes">
@@ -113,7 +123,7 @@
<!-- for id="content", starts in the include above -->
<!--#include virtual="/server/footer.fr.html" -->
-<div id="footer">
+<div id="footer" role="contentinfo">
<div class="unprintable">
<p>Veuillez envoyer les requêtes concernant la FSF et GNU à <<a
@@ -133,7 +143,7 @@
<web-translators@gnu.org></a>.</p>
- <p>For information on coordinating and submitting translations of
+ <p>For information on coordinating and contributing translations of
our web pages, see <a
href="/server/standards/README.translations.html">Translations
README</a>. -->
@@ -146,13 +156,29 @@
les infos nécessaires.</p>
</div>
-<p>Copyright © 2006 Richard M. Stallman</p>
+<!-- Regarding copyright, in general, standalone pages (as opposed to
+ files generated as part of manuals) on the GNU web server should
+ be under CC BY-ND 4.0. Please do NOT change or remove this
+ without talking with the webmasters or licensing team first.
+ Please make sure the copyright date is consistent with the
+ document. For web pages, it is ok to list just the latest year the
+ document was modified, or published.
+
+ If you wish to list earlier years, that is ok too.
+ Either "2001, 2002, 2003" or "2001-2003" are ok for specifying
+ years, as long as each year in the range is in fact a copyrightable
+ year, i.e., a year in which the document was published (including
+ being publicly visible on the web or in a revision control system).
+
+ There is more detail about copyright years in the GNU Maintainers
+ Information document, www.gnu.org/prep/maintain. -->
+<p>Copyright © 2006, 2021 Richard M. Stallman</p>
<p>Cette page peut être utilisée suivant les conditions de la licence <a
rel="license"
-href="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nd/3.0/us/deed.fr";>Creative
-Commons attribution, pas de modification, 3.0Â Ãtats-Unis (CCÂ BY-ND
-3.0Â US)</a>.</p>
+href="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nd/4.0/deed.fr";>Creative
+Commons attribution, pas de modification, 4.0Â internationale (CCÂ BY-ND
+4.0)</a>.</p>
<!--#include virtual="/server/bottom-notes.fr.html" -->
<div class="translators-credits">
@@ -164,11 +190,12 @@
<p class="unprintable"><!-- timestamp start -->
Dernière mise à jour :
-$Date: 2021/05/31 21:09:11 $
+$Date: 2021/10/01 16:02:44 $
<!-- timestamp end -->
</p>
</div>
</div>
+<!-- for class="inner", starts in the banner include -->
</body>
</html>
Index: surveillance-testimony.fr.html
===================================================================
RCS file: /web/www/www/philosophy/surveillance-testimony.fr.html,v
retrieving revision 1.6
retrieving revision 1.7
diff -u -b -r1.6 -r1.7
--- surveillance-testimony.fr.html 31 May 2021 21:09:11 -0000 1.6
+++ surveillance-testimony.fr.html 1 Oct 2021 16:02:44 -0000 1.7
@@ -1,7 +1,10 @@
<!--#set var="ENGLISH_PAGE" value="/philosophy/surveillance-testimony.en.html"
-->
<!--#include virtual="/server/header.fr.html" -->
-<!-- Parent-Version: 1.86 -->
+<!-- Parent-Version: 1.96 -->
+<!-- This page is derived from /server/standards/boilerplate.html -->
+<!--#set var="TAGS" value="essays cultural evils" -->
+<!--#set var="DISABLE_TOP_ADDENDUM" value="yes" -->
<!-- This file is automatically generated by GNUnited Nations! -->
<title>Déclaration concernant la surveillance - GNU Project - Free Software
@@ -9,11 +12,17 @@
<!--#include virtual="/philosophy/po/surveillance-testimony.translist" -->
<!--#include virtual="/server/banner.fr.html" -->
+<!--#include virtual="/philosophy/ph-breadcrumb.fr.html" -->
+<!--GNUN: OUT-OF-DATE NOTICE-->
+<!--#include virtual="/server/top-addendum.fr.html" -->
+<div class="article reduced-width">
<h2>Déclaration concernant la surveillance</h2>
-<p><em>Déclaration de Richard Stallman au Conseil municipal de Cambridge
+<div class="infobox">
+<p>Déclaration de Richard Stallman au Conseil municipal de Cambridge
(Massachusetts) le 22 janvier 2018, Ã propos d'un projet d'ordonnance sur la
-surveillance.</em></p>
+surveillance.</p>
+</div>
<hr class="thin" />
<p><strong>Le Maire, M. McGovern :</strong> Merci. Richard Stallman, suivi
@@ -70,6 +79,7 @@
<p>Je voudrais suggérer qu'une personne surveillée est une personne
blessée.</p>
<p>Merci.</p>
+</div>
<div class="translators-notes">
@@ -79,7 +89,7 @@
<!-- for id="content", starts in the include above -->
<!--#include virtual="/server/footer.fr.html" -->
-<div id="footer">
+<div id="footer" role="contentinfo">
<div class="unprintable">
<p>Veuillez envoyer les requêtes concernant la FSF et GNU à <<a
@@ -99,7 +109,7 @@
<web-translators@gnu.org></a>.</p>
- <p>For information on coordinating and submitting translations of
+ <p>For information on coordinating and contributing translations of
our web pages, see <a
href="/server/standards/README.translations.html">Translations
README</a>. -->
@@ -128,7 +138,7 @@
There is more detail about copyright years in the GNU Maintainers
Information document, www.gnu.org/prep/maintain. -->
-<p>Copyright © 2018 Richard Stallman</p>
+<p>Copyright © 2018, 2021 Richard Stallman</p>
<p>Cette page peut être utilisée suivant les conditions de la licence <a
rel="license"
@@ -146,7 +156,7 @@
<p class="unprintable"><!-- timestamp start -->
Dernière mise à jour :
-$Date: 2021/05/31 21:09:11 $
+$Date: 2021/10/01 16:02:44 $
<!-- timestamp end -->
</p>
Index: technological-neutrality.fr.html
===================================================================
RCS file: /web/www/www/philosophy/technological-neutrality.fr.html,v
retrieving revision 1.4
retrieving revision 1.5
diff -u -b -r1.4 -r1.5
--- technological-neutrality.fr.html 31 May 2021 21:09:11 -0000 1.4
+++ technological-neutrality.fr.html 1 Oct 2021 16:02:44 -0000 1.5
@@ -1,7 +1,10 @@
<!--#set var="ENGLISH_PAGE"
value="/philosophy/technological-neutrality.en.html" -->
<!--#include virtual="/server/header.fr.html" -->
-<!-- Parent-Version: 1.77 -->
+<!-- Parent-Version: 1.96 -->
+<!-- This page is derived from /server/standards/boilerplate.html -->
+<!--#set var="TAGS" value="essays upholding need" -->
+<!--#set var="DISABLE_TOP_ADDENDUM" value="yes" -->
<!-- This file is automatically generated by GNUnited Nations! -->
<title>Neutralité technologique et logiciel libre - Projet GNU - Free Software
@@ -9,9 +12,13 @@
<!--#include virtual="/philosophy/po/technological-neutrality.translist" -->
<!--#include virtual="/server/banner.fr.html" -->
+<!--#include virtual="/philosophy/ph-breadcrumb.fr.html" -->
+<!--GNUN: OUT-OF-DATE NOTICE-->
+<!--#include virtual="/server/top-addendum.fr.html" -->
+<div class="article reduced-width">
<h2>Neutralité technologique et logiciel libre</h2>
-<p>par <a href="http://www.stallman.org/";>Richard Stallman</a></p>
+<address class="byline">par <a href="https://www.stallman.org/";>Richard
Stallman</a></address>
<p>Les développeurs privateurs plaidant contre les lois qui favorisent la
migration vers le logiciel libre prétendent souvent que cela va à l'encontre
@@ -68,6 +75,7 @@
<p>Lorsqu'aucun impératif éthique ne s'applique à une décision technique
particulière, alors cela peut rester du domaine de la neutralité
technologique.</p>
+</div>
<div class="translators-notes">
@@ -77,7 +85,7 @@
<!-- for id="content", starts in the include above -->
<!--#include virtual="/server/footer.fr.html" -->
-<div id="footer">
+<div id="footer" role="contentinfo">
<div class="unprintable">
<p>Veuillez envoyer les requêtes concernant la FSF et GNU à <<a
@@ -97,7 +105,7 @@
<web-translators@gnu.org></a>.</p>
- <p>For information on coordinating and submitting translations of
+ <p>For information on coordinating and contributing translations of
our web pages, see <a
href="/server/standards/README.translations.html">Translations
README</a>. -->
@@ -112,7 +120,7 @@
<!-- Regarding copyright, in general, standalone pages (as opposed to
files generated as part of manuals) on the GNU web server should
- be under CC BY-ND 3.0 US. Please do NOT change or remove this
+ be under CC BY-ND 4.0. Please do NOT change or remove this
without talking with the webmasters or licensing team first.
Please make sure the copyright date is consistent with the
document. For web pages, it is ok to list just the latest year the
@@ -126,13 +134,13 @@
There is more detail about copyright years in the GNU Maintainers
Information document, www.gnu.org/prep/maintain. -->
-<p>Copyright © 2014 Free Software Foundation, Inc.</p>
+<p>Copyright © 2014, 2021 Free Software Foundation, Inc.</p>
<p>Cette page peut être utilisée suivant les conditions de la licence <a
rel="license"
-href="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nd/3.0/us/deed.fr";>Creative
-Commons attribution, pas de modification, 3.0Â Ãtats-Unis (CCÂ BY-ND
-3.0Â US)</a>.</p>
+href="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nd/4.0/deed.fr";>Creative
+Commons attribution, pas de modification, 4.0Â internationale (CCÂ BY-ND
+4.0)</a>.</p>
<!--#include virtual="/server/bottom-notes.fr.html" -->
<div class="translators-credits">
@@ -144,11 +152,12 @@
<p class="unprintable"><!-- timestamp start -->
Dernière mise à jour :
-$Date: 2021/05/31 21:09:11 $
+$Date: 2021/10/01 16:02:44 $
<!-- timestamp end -->
</p>
</div>
</div>
+<!-- for class="inner", starts in the banner include -->
</body>
</html>
Index: the-root-of-this-problem.fr.html
===================================================================
RCS file: /web/www/www/philosophy/the-root-of-this-problem.fr.html,v
retrieving revision 1.41
retrieving revision 1.42
diff -u -b -r1.41 -r1.42
--- the-root-of-this-problem.fr.html 31 May 2021 21:09:11 -0000 1.41
+++ the-root-of-this-problem.fr.html 1 Oct 2021 16:02:44 -0000 1.42
@@ -1,7 +1,10 @@
<!--#set var="ENGLISH_PAGE"
value="/philosophy/the-root-of-this-problem.en.html" -->
<!--#include virtual="/server/header.fr.html" -->
-<!-- Parent-Version: 1.90 -->
+<!-- Parent-Version: 1.96 -->
+<!-- This page is derived from /server/standards/boilerplate.html -->
+<!--#set var="TAGS" value="essays cultural evils" -->
+<!--#set var="DISABLE_TOP_ADDENDUM" value="yes" -->
<!-- This file is automatically generated by GNUnited Nations! -->
<title>Le problème est le logiciel contrôlé par son développeur - Projet
GNU - Free
@@ -9,6 +12,10 @@
<!--#include virtual="/philosophy/po/the-root-of-this-problem.translist" -->
<!--#include virtual="/server/banner.fr.html" -->
+<!--#include virtual="/philosophy/ph-breadcrumb.fr.html" -->
+<!--GNUN: OUT-OF-DATE NOTICE-->
+<!--#include virtual="/server/top-addendum.fr.html" -->
+<div class="article reduced-width">
<h2>Le problème est le logiciel contrôlé par son développeur</h2>
<address class="byline">par Richard Stallman</address>
@@ -40,8 +47,8 @@
<p>
Il est vrai qu'un ordinateur universel vous laisse exécuter des programmes
-conçus pour <a href="/philosophy/proprietary.html">vous espionner, pour vous
-imposer des restrictions, ou même pour permettre au développeur de vous
+conçus pour <a href="/proprietary/proprietary.html">vous espionner, pour
+vous imposer des restrictions, ou même pour permettre au développeur de vous
attaquer</a>. Parmi eux il y a KaZaA, RealPlayer, le lecteur Flash d'Adobe,
Windows Media Player, Microsoft Windows et Mac OS. Windows Vista fait ces
trois choses à la fois ; il permet aussi à Microsoft de modifier les
@@ -66,7 +73,7 @@
des restrictions » (<abbr title="Digital Restrictions
Management">DRM</abbr>)Â ; notre campagne de protestation contre ces
dispositifs est hébergée sur <a
-href="http://defectivebydesign.org";>http://defectivebydesign.org</a>. (Nos
+href="https://defectivebydesign.org";>defectivebydesign.org</a>. (Nos
adversaires les appellent « gestion numérique des droits » en se basant
sur
l'idée que c'est leur droit de vous imposer des restrictions. Quand vous
choisissez un terme, vous prenez parti.)</p>
@@ -150,9 +157,9 @@
devons nous attaquer ce qui les fait vendre, la tromperie sur les prix. Si
ce qui nous préoccupe est le logiciel malveillant, nous devons exiger du
logiciel libre qui donne le contrôle aux utilisateurs.</p>
-
<div class="column-limit"></div>
-<h3 style="font-size: 1.2em">Remarque supplémentaire</h3>
+
+<h3 class="footnote">Remarque supplémentaire</h3>
<p>
La suggestion de Zittrain de réduire le délai de prescription des actions en
@@ -173,18 +180,19 @@
La solution simple et complète est d'éliminer les brevets du champ du
logiciel. Puisque le système de brevets a été créé par la loi,
débarrasser
le logiciel des brevets sera facile pourvu qu'il y ait une volonté politique
-suffisante (voir <a
-href="http://www.endsoftpatents.org";>http://www.endsoftpatents.org</a>).</p>
-
-<h3 style="font-size: 1.2em">Note</h3>
+suffisante. Voir <a href="https://endsoftwarepatents.org";><i>End Software
+Patents</i></a> (Abolir les brevets logiciels).</p>
-<p id="note1">1. Windows Vista avait à l'origine un « bouton d'arrêt »
avec lequel
-Microsoft pouvait, à distance, ordonner à l'ordinateur de cesser de
-fonctionner. Par la suite, Microsoft <a
-href="http://badvista.fsf.org/blog/windows-genuine-disadvantage";>l'a
+<h3 class="footnote">Note</h3>
+<ol>
+<li id="note1"> Windows Vista avait à l'origine un « bouton d'arrêt »
avec lequel Microsoft
+pouvait, à distance, ordonner à l'ordinateur de cesser de fonctionner. Par
+la suite, Microsoft <a
+href="https://badvista.fsf.org/blog/windows-genuine-disadvantage/";>l'a
enlevé</a> sous la pression du public, mais s'est réservé le droit de le
-remettre.
-</p>
+remettre.</li>
+</ol>
+</div>
<div class="translators-notes">
@@ -194,7 +202,7 @@
<!-- for id="content", starts in the include above -->
<!--#include virtual="/server/footer.fr.html" -->
-<div id="footer">
+<div id="footer" role="contentinfo">
<div class="unprintable">
<p>Veuillez envoyer les requêtes concernant la FSF et GNU à <<a
@@ -214,7 +222,7 @@
<web-translators@gnu.org></a>.</p>
- <p>For information on coordinating and submitting translations of
+ <p>For information on coordinating and contributing translations of
our web pages, see <a
href="/server/standards/README.translations.html">Translations
README</a>. -->
@@ -227,7 +235,23 @@
les infos nécessaires.</p>
</div>
-<p>Copyright © 2008, 2010, 2017-2020 Richard M. Stallman</p>
+<!-- Regarding copyright, in general, standalone pages (as opposed to
+ files generated as part of manuals) on the GNU web server should
+ be under CC BY-ND 4.0. Please do NOT change or remove this
+ without talking with the webmasters or licensing team first.
+ Please make sure the copyright date is consistent with the
+ document. For web pages, it is ok to list just the latest year the
+ document was modified, or published.
+
+ If you wish to list earlier years, that is ok too.
+ Either "2001, 2002, 2003" or "2001-2003" are ok for specifying
+ years, as long as each year in the range is in fact a copyrightable
+ year, i.e., a year in which the document was published (including
+ being publicly visible on the web or in a revision control system).
+
+ There is more detail about copyright years in the GNU Maintainers
+ Information document, www.gnu.org/prep/maintain. -->
+<p>Copyright © 2008, 2010, 2014, 2021 Richard Stallman</p>
<p>Cette page peut être utilisée suivant les conditions de la licence <a
rel="license"
@@ -245,7 +269,7 @@
<p class="unprintable"><!-- timestamp start -->
Dernière mise à jour :
-$Date: 2021/05/31 21:09:11 $
+$Date: 2021/10/01 16:02:44 $
<!-- timestamp end -->
</p>
Index: ubuntu-spyware.fr.html
===================================================================
RCS file: /web/www/www/philosophy/ubuntu-spyware.fr.html,v
retrieving revision 1.40
retrieving revision 1.41
diff -u -b -r1.40 -r1.41
--- ubuntu-spyware.fr.html 31 May 2021 21:09:11 -0000 1.40
+++ ubuntu-spyware.fr.html 1 Oct 2021 16:02:44 -0000 1.41
@@ -1,7 +1,10 @@
<!--#set var="ENGLISH_PAGE" value="/philosophy/ubuntu-spyware.en.html" -->
<!--#include virtual="/server/header.fr.html" -->
-<!-- Parent-Version: 1.90 -->
+<!-- Parent-Version: 1.96 -->
+<!-- This page is derived from /server/standards/boilerplate.html -->
+<!--#set var="TAGS" value="essays cultural evils" -->
+<!--#set var="DISABLE_TOP_ADDENDUM" value="yes" -->
<!-- This file is automatically generated by GNUnited Nations! -->
<title>Un logiciel espion dans Ubuntu ! Que faire ? - Projet GNU - Free
Software
@@ -9,12 +12,15 @@
<!--#include virtual="/philosophy/po/ubuntu-spyware.translist" -->
<!--#include virtual="/server/banner.fr.html" -->
+<!--#include virtual="/philosophy/ph-breadcrumb.fr.html" -->
+<!--GNUN: OUT-OF-DATE NOTICE-->
+<!--#include virtual="/server/top-addendum.fr.html" -->
+<div class="article reduced-width">
<h2>Un logiciel espion dans Ubuntu ! Que faire ?</h2>
-<address class="byline">par <a href="http://www.stallman.org/";>Richard
Stallman</a></address>
-<hr class="thin" />
+<address class="byline">par <a href="https://www.stallman.org/";>Richard
Stallman</a></address>
-<blockquote>
+<div class="introduction">
<p>Ã compter de <a
href="http://fossbytes.com/the-spyware-feature-in-ubuntu-will-be-disabled-in-ubuntu-16-04-xenial-xerus/";>la
version 16.04 d'Ubuntu</a>, la fonctionnalité de recherche espionne est
@@ -30,8 +36,7 @@
elle reste importante. Cet exemple doit apprendre à notre communauté à ne
plus faire ce genre de chose, mais pour que cela se réalise nous devons
continuer à en parler.</p>
-</blockquote>
-<div class="column-limit"></div>
+</div>
<p>L'un des principaux avantages du logiciel libre est que la communauté
protège les utilisateurs des logiciels malveillants. Aujourd'hui Ubuntu <a
@@ -90,7 +95,7 @@
<p>Ubuntu se sert de ces informations sur leurs recherches pour afficher aux
utilisateurs des publicités pour des produits vendus par Amazon. Or, <a
-href="http://stallman.org/amazon.html";>Amazon commet beaucoup de
+href="https://stallman.org/amazon.html";>Amazon commet beaucoup de
méfaits</a> ; en faisant la promotion de cette société, Canonical y
contribue. Cependant, les publicités ne sont pas le cÅur du problème. Le
véritable problème est l'espionnage des utilisateurs. Canonical affirme
@@ -183,13 +188,14 @@
l'autre forme d'influence négative qu'exerce Ubuntu dans la communauté du
logiciel libre : la légitimation des logiciels non libres.</p>
-<blockquote class="important">
+<div class="important">
<p>
La présence de logiciel non libre dans Ubuntu pose un problème d'éthique
différent. Pour qu'Ubuntu devienne éthique, il faut que cela aussi soit
corrigé.
</p>
-</blockquote>
+</div>
+</div>
<div class="translators-notes">
@@ -201,7 +207,7 @@
<!-- for id="content", starts in the include above -->
<!--#include virtual="/server/footer.fr.html" -->
-<div id="footer">
+<div id="footer" role="contentinfo">
<div class="unprintable">
<p>Veuillez envoyer les requêtes concernant la FSF et GNU à <<a
@@ -221,7 +227,7 @@
<web-translators@gnu.org></a>.</p>
- <p>For information on coordinating and submitting translations of
+ <p>For information on coordinating and contributing translations of
our web pages, see <a
href="/server/standards/README.translations.html">Translations
README</a>. -->
@@ -250,7 +256,7 @@
There is more detail about copyright years in the GNU Maintainers
Information document, www.gnu.org/prep/maintain. -->
-<p>Copyright © 2012, 2016-2020 Richard Stallman</p>
+<p>Copyright © 2012, 2014, 2016, 2021 Richard Stallman</p>
<p>Cette page peut être utilisée suivant les conditions de la licence <a
rel="license"
@@ -270,7 +276,7 @@
<p class="unprintable"><!-- timestamp start -->
Dernière mise à jour :
-$Date: 2021/05/31 21:09:11 $
+$Date: 2021/10/01 16:02:44 $
<!-- timestamp end -->
</p>
Index: ucita.fr.html
===================================================================
RCS file: /web/www/www/philosophy/ucita.fr.html,v
retrieving revision 1.82
retrieving revision 1.83
diff -u -b -r1.82 -r1.83
--- ucita.fr.html 31 May 2021 21:09:11 -0000 1.82
+++ ucita.fr.html 1 Oct 2021 16:02:44 -0000 1.83
@@ -1,14 +1,22 @@
<!--#set var="ENGLISH_PAGE" value="/philosophy/ucita.en.html" -->
<!--#include virtual="/server/header.fr.html" -->
-<!-- Parent-Version: 1.86 -->
+<!-- Parent-Version: 1.96 -->
+<!-- This page is derived from /server/standards/boilerplate.html -->
+<!--#set var="TAGS" value="essays upholding action" -->
+<!--#set var="DISABLE_TOP_ADDENDUM" value="yes" -->
<!-- This file is automatically generated by GNUnited Nations! -->
<title>Pourquoi nous devons contrer l'UCITA - Projet GNU - Free Software
Foundation</title>
<!--#include virtual="/philosophy/po/ucita.translist" -->
<!--#include virtual="/server/banner.fr.html" -->
+<!--#include virtual="/philosophy/ph-breadcrumb.fr.html" -->
+<!--GNUN: OUT-OF-DATE NOTICE-->
+<!--#include virtual="/server/top-addendum.fr.html" -->
+<div class="article reduced-width">
<h2>Pourquoi nous devons contrer l'UCITA</h2>
+<div class="thin"></div>
<p>
L'<abbr title="Uniform Computer Information Transactions Act">UCITA</abbr><a
@@ -65,14 +73,15 @@
se servir de Windows, simplement pour pouvoir lire et écrire des documents
au format Word. Les « documents de Halloween » de Microsoft annonçaient le
projet d'utiliser des formats et des protocoles secrets comme armes pour
-faire obstacle au développement de GNU/Linux <a href="#Note2">(2)</a>.</p>
+faire obstacle au développement de GNU/Linux <a
+href="#Note2">(2)</a>.</p>
<p>
C'est précisément ce type de restriction qui est employée en ce moment en
Norvège pour poursuivre en justice Jon Johansen, âgé de 16 ans, qui a pu
déterminer le format des DVD dans le but d'écrire des logiciels libres pour
les visionner sur les systèmes d'exploitation libres (l'<i>Electronic
Frontier Foundation</i> prend en charge sa défense ; cf <a
-href="http://www.eff.org/";>http://www.eff.org</a> pour plus d'information).</p>
+href="https://www.eff.org/";>eff.org</a> pour plus d'information).</p>
<p>
Certains amis du logiciel libre ont prétendu que notre communauté pourrait
bénéficier de l'UCITA en rendant insoutenables les restrictions imposées par
@@ -119,10 +128,11 @@
href="#Note3">(3)</a>, mais la Californie et l'Oklahoma sont pour
bientôt. Il y aura probablement une bataille dans chaque Ãtat, tôt ou
tard.</p>
<p>
-Pour plus d'informations sur l'UCITA, consultez <a
-href="http://web.archive.org/web/20000520080750/http://www.badsoftware.com/uccindex.htm";>http://www.badsoftware.com
-[page archivée]</a> ou lisez la page de Wikipédia qui s'y rapporte : <a
-href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uniform_Computer_Information_Transactions_Act";>http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uniform_Computer_Information_Transactions_Act</a>.
</p>
+Pour plus d'informations, consultez <a
+href="https://web.archive.org/web/20000520080750/http://www.badsoftware.com/uccindex.htm";>badsoftware.com
+[page archivée]</a> ou l'<a
+href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uniform_Computer_Information_Transactions_Act";>article
+de Wikipédia sur UCITA</a>. </p>
<!-- Link broken as of 21 Oct 2012
InfoWorld magazine is also helping to fight
@@ -131,7 +141,7 @@
http://archive.infoworld.com/cgi-bin/displayStory.pl?/features/990531ucita_home.htm</a>
-->
-<h4>Notes</h4>
+<h3 class="footnote">Notes</h3>
<ol>
<li id="Note1">D'autres personnes utilisent l'expression « open source »
pour décrire une
catégorie similaire de logiciels. J'emploie personnellement l'expression
@@ -152,13 +162,13 @@
de nos réalisations.</p>
<p>
Consulter <a
-href="/philosophy/open-source-misses-the-point.html">http://www.gnu.org/philosophy/open-source-misses-the-point.html</a>
+href="/philosophy/open-source-misses-the-point.html">gnu.org/philosophy/open-source-misses-the-point.html</a>
pour plus d'explications.<a id="TransNote4-rev"
href="#TransNote4"><sup>d</sup></a></p></li>
<li id="Note2">Le système est souvent appelé « Linux », mais Ã
proprement parler Linux
n'est que le noyau, un composant majeur du système (voir <a
-href="/gnu/linux-and-gnu.html">http://www.gnu.org/gnu/linux-and-gnu.html</a>).</li>
+href="/gnu/linux-and-gnu.html">gnu.org/gnu/linux-and-gnu.html</a>).</li>
<li id="Note3">La Chambre basse du Maryland a approuvé l'UCITA ; il y a
pression pour la
faire approuver par le Sénat de l'Ãtat avant la fin de la session
@@ -175,16 +185,16 @@
soutien.</p></li>
</ol>
-<hr />
-<p style="text-align:center">
+<hr class="column-limit" />
+<p class="c">
Si vous soutenez la campagne contre l'UCITA, <em>merci de créer des liens
clairement affichés vers cette page : http://www.4cite.org [site
fermé].</em>
</p>
-<hr />
-<h4>Liens vers d'autres articles</h4>
-<ul>
+<hr class="column-limit" />
+<h3 class="footnote">Liens vers d'autres articles</h3>
+<ul style="font-size: 1rem">
<li><a
href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160322150920/http://www.ieeeusa.org/policy/issues/UCITA";>L'IEEE
soutient le mouvement contre l'UCITA</a></li>
@@ -194,11 +204,11 @@
PDG rejoignent la bataille pour tuer l'UCITA</a></li>
<li><a
-href="http://web.archive.org/web/20010818101424/http://interlog.com/~cjazz/bnews7.htm";>Sites
-anti-UCITA et autres sites web citoyens intéressants [page archivée]</a>
+href="https://web.archive.org/web/20010818101424/http://interlog.com/~cjazz/bnews7.htm";>Sites
+anti-UCITA et autres sites citoyens intéressants [page archivée]</a>
</li>
-
</ul>
+</div>
<div class="translators-notes">
@@ -226,7 +236,7 @@
<!-- for id="content", starts in the include above -->
<!--#include virtual="/server/footer.fr.html" -->
-<div id="footer">
+<div id="footer" role="contentinfo">
<div class="unprintable">
<p>Veuillez envoyer les requêtes concernant la FSF et GNU à <<a
@@ -246,7 +256,7 @@
<web-translators@gnu.org></a>.</p>
- <p>For information on coordinating and submitting translations of
+ <p>For information on coordinating and contributing translations of
our web pages, see <a
href="/server/standards/README.translations.html">Translations
README</a>. -->
@@ -275,7 +285,7 @@
There is more detail about copyright years in the GNU Maintainers
Information document, www.gnu.org/prep/maintain. -->
-<p>Copyright © 2000, 2008, 2013, 2016-2019 Free Software Foundation,
Inc.</p>
+<p>Copyright © 2000, 2008, 2021 Free Software Foundation, Inc.</p>
<p>Cette page peut être utilisée suivant les conditions de la licence <a
rel="license"
@@ -293,7 +303,7 @@
<p class="unprintable"><!-- timestamp start -->
Dernière mise à jour :
-$Date: 2021/05/31 21:09:11 $
+$Date: 2021/10/01 16:02:44 $
<!-- timestamp end -->
</p>
Index: who-does-that-server-really-serve.fr.html
===================================================================
RCS file: /web/www/www/philosophy/who-does-that-server-really-serve.fr.html,v
retrieving revision 1.64
retrieving revision 1.65
diff -u -b -r1.64 -r1.65
--- who-does-that-server-really-serve.fr.html 31 May 2021 21:09:12 -0000
1.64
+++ who-does-that-server-really-serve.fr.html 1 Oct 2021 16:02:44 -0000
1.65
@@ -1,26 +1,31 @@
<!--#set var="ENGLISH_PAGE"
value="/philosophy/who-does-that-server-really-serve.en.html" -->
<!--#include virtual="/server/header.fr.html" -->
-<!-- Parent-Version: 1.86 -->
+<!-- Parent-Version: 1.96 -->
+<!-- This page is derived from /server/standards/boilerplate.html -->
+<!--#set var="TAGS" value="essays cultural ns" -->
+<!--#set var="DISABLE_TOP_ADDENDUM" value="yes" -->
<!-- This file is automatically generated by GNUnited Nations! -->
<title>Qui ce serveur sert-il réellement ? - Projet GNU - Free Software
Foundation</title>
<!--#include
virtual="/philosophy/po/who-does-that-server-really-serve.translist" -->
<!--#include virtual="/server/banner.fr.html" -->
+<!--#include virtual="/philosophy/ph-breadcrumb.fr.html" -->
+<!--GNUN: OUT-OF-DATE NOTICE-->
+<!--#include virtual="/server/top-addendum.fr.html" -->
+<div class="article reduced-width">
<h2>Qui ce serveur sert-il réellement ?</h2>
-<p>par <strong>Richard Stallman</strong></p>
+<address class="byline">par Richard Stallman</address>
-<blockquote><p>(La première version de cet article a été publiée dans la <a
-href="http://www.bostonreview.net/richard-stallman-free-software-DRM";><cite>Boston
-Review</cite></a>.)</p></blockquote>
-
-<p><strong>Sur Internet, utiliser un logiciel privateur<a id="TransNote1-rev"
+<div class="introduction">
+<p><em>Sur Internet, utiliser un logiciel privateur<a id="TransNote1-rev"
href="#TransNote1"><sup>1</sup></a> n'est pas le seul moyen de perdre votre
liberté informatique. Il existe une autre façon de donner à un tiers du
pouvoir sur votre informatique : le « service se substituant au logicielÂ
»,
-ou <abbr title="Service as a Software Substitute">SaaSS</abbr>.</strong></p>
+ou <abbr title="Service as a Software Substitute">SaaSS</abbr>.</em></p>
+</div>
<p>Le point essentiel est que vous pouvez avoir le contrôle d'un programme
écrit par quelqu'un d'autre (s'il est libre), mais que vous ne pouvez pas
@@ -49,7 +54,7 @@
pouvoir injuste pour y insérer des fonctionnalités malveillantes comme les
espions logiciels <i>[spyware]</i>, les portes dérobées <i>[backdoors]</i>
et les dispositifs de « gestion numérique des restrictions » (ou <a
-href="http://DefectiveByDesign.org";><abbr title="Digital Restrictions
+href="https://www.defectivebydesign.org";><abbr title="Digital Restrictions
Management">DRM</abbr></a>), qu'ils nomment « gestion numérique des
droits »<a id="TransNote2-rev" href="#TransNote2"><sup>2</sup></a> dans leur
propagande.</p>
@@ -138,9 +143,8 @@
Webb, qui s'était promise de ne jamais mettre en ligne aucune photo de sa
fille, a fait l'erreur d'utiliser un SaaSS (Instagram) pour retoucher des
photos d'elle. Le résultat, c'est qu'<a
-href="http://www.slate.com/articles/technology/data_mine_1/2013/09/privacy_facebook_kids_don_t_post_photos_of_your_kids_on_social_media.html";>elles
-ont fuité</a>.
-</p>
+href="https://slate.com/technology/2013/09/privacy-facebook-kids-dont-post-photos-of-your-kids-on-social-media.html";>elles
+ont fuité</a>.</p>
<p>Théoriquement, le chiffrement homomorphe pourrait un jour se perfectionner
au point de permettre la construction de futurs services de SaaSS qui soient
@@ -296,8 +300,7 @@
exécuter du code JavaScript non libre ; il leur donne l'illusion que leur
vie privée est respectée tout en les persuadant de la lui dévoiler. Ce sont
des problèmes importants, mais qui sont différents de celui que pose le
-SaaSS.
-</p>
+SaaSS.</p>
<p>Des services comme les moteurs de recherche rassemblent des données
provenant de tout le web et vous laissent les examiner. Regarder dans leur
@@ -464,9 +467,19 @@
données dessus. Faites votre propre travail informatique avec votre propre
copie d'un logiciel libre, par souci de votre liberté.</p>
-<h3>Voir également…</h3>
-<p><a href="/philosophy/bug-nobody-allowed-to-understand.html">Le bogue que
-personne n'est autorisé à comprendre</a>.</p>
+<div class="announcement comment" role="complementary">
+<p>Voir également «â¯<a
+href="/philosophy/bug-nobody-allowed-to-understand.html">Le bogue que
+personne n'est autorisé à comprendre</a>â¯Â».</p>
+</div>
+
+<div class="infobox extra" role="complementary">
+<hr />
+<p>La première version de cet article a été publiée dans la <a
+href="http://www.bostonreview.net/richard-stallman-free-software-DRM";><cite>Boston
+Review</cite></a>.</p>
+</div>
+</div>
<div class="translators-notes">
@@ -484,7 +497,7 @@
<!-- for id="content", starts in the include above -->
<!--#include virtual="/server/footer.fr.html" -->
-<div id="footer">
+<div id="footer" role="contentinfo">
<div class="unprintable">
<p>Veuillez envoyer les requêtes concernant la FSF et GNU à <<a
@@ -504,7 +517,7 @@
<web-translators@gnu.org></a>.</p>
- <p>For information on coordinating and submitting translations of
+ <p>For information on coordinating and contributing translations of
our web pages, see <a
href="/server/standards/README.translations.html">Translations
README</a>. -->
@@ -533,7 +546,7 @@
There is more detail about copyright years in the GNU Maintainers
Information document, www.gnu.org/prep/maintain. -->
-<p>Copyright © 2010, 2013, 2015, 2016, 2018, 2020 Richard Stallman</p>
+<p>Copyright © 2010, 2013, 2015, 2016, 2018, 2020, 2021 Richard
Stallman</p>
<p>Cette page peut être utilisée suivant les conditions de la licence <a
rel="license"
@@ -551,7 +564,7 @@
<p class="unprintable"><!-- timestamp start -->
Dernière mise à jour :
-$Date: 2021/05/31 21:09:12 $
+$Date: 2021/10/01 16:02:44 $
<!-- timestamp end -->
</p>
Index: wsis-2003.fr.html
===================================================================
RCS file: /web/www/www/philosophy/wsis-2003.fr.html,v
retrieving revision 1.64
retrieving revision 1.65
diff -u -b -r1.64 -r1.65
--- wsis-2003.fr.html 31 May 2021 21:09:12 -0000 1.64
+++ wsis-2003.fr.html 1 Oct 2021 16:02:44 -0000 1.65
@@ -1,7 +1,10 @@
<!--#set var="ENGLISH_PAGE" value="/philosophy/wsis-2003.en.html" -->
<!--#include virtual="/server/header.fr.html" -->
-<!-- Parent-Version: 1.77 -->
+<!-- Parent-Version: 1.96 -->
+<!-- This page is derived from /server/standards/boilerplate.html -->
+<!--#set var="TAGS" value="essays cultural society" -->
+<!--#set var="DISABLE_TOP_ADDENDUM" value="yes" -->
<!-- This file is automatically generated by GNUnited Nations! -->
<title>Discours de Stallman au SMSI, le 16 juillet 2003 - Projet GNU - Free
@@ -9,11 +12,13 @@
<!--#include virtual="/philosophy/po/wsis-2003.translist" -->
<!--#include virtual="/server/banner.fr.html" -->
+<!--#include virtual="/philosophy/ph-breadcrumb.fr.html" -->
+<!--GNUN: OUT-OF-DATE NOTICE-->
+<!--#include virtual="/server/top-addendum.fr.html" -->
+<div class="article reduced-width">
<h2>Discours au SMSI, le 16 juillet 2003</h2>
-<p>
-par <a href="http://www.stallman.org/";><strong>Richard Stallman</strong></a>
-</p>
+<address class="byline">par <a href="https://www.stallman.org/";>Richard
Stallman</a></address>
<p>
L'avantage des ordinateurs est qu'ils rendent faciles la copie et la
@@ -92,6 +97,7 @@
compatriotes utilisent un programme secret et contrôlé par une unique
entreprise, ce n'est plus du développement, c'est de la colonisation
électronique.</p>
+</div>
<div class="translators-notes">
@@ -104,7 +110,7 @@
<!-- for id="content", starts in the include above -->
<!--#include virtual="/server/footer.fr.html" -->
-<div id="footer">
+<div id="footer" role="contentinfo">
<div class="unprintable">
<p>Veuillez envoyer les requêtes concernant la FSF et GNU à <<a
@@ -124,7 +130,7 @@
<web-translators@gnu.org></a>.</p>
- <p>For information on coordinating and submitting translations of
+ <p>For information on coordinating and contributing translations of
our web pages, see <a
href="/server/standards/README.translations.html">Translations
README</a>. -->
@@ -139,7 +145,7 @@
<!-- Regarding copyright, in general, standalone pages (as opposed to
files generated as part of manuals) on the GNU web server should
- be under CC BY-ND 3.0 US. Please do NOT change or remove this
+ be under CC BY-ND 4.0. Please do NOT change or remove this
without talking with the webmasters or licensing team first.
Please make sure the copyright date is consistent with the
document. For web pages, it is ok to list just the latest year the
@@ -153,13 +159,13 @@
There is more detail about copyright years in the GNU Maintainers
Information document, www.gnu.org/prep/maintain. -->
-<p>Copyright © 2003 Richard M. Stallman</p>
+<p>Copyright © 2003, 2021 Richard Stallman</p>
<p>Cette page peut être utilisée suivant les conditions de la licence <a
rel="license"
-href="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nd/3.0/us/deed.fr";>Creative
-Commons attribution, pas de modification, 3.0Â Ãtats-Unis (CCÂ BY-ND
-3.0Â US)</a>.</p>
+href="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nd/4.0/deed.fr";>Creative
+Commons attribution, pas de modification, 4.0Â internationale (CCÂ BY-ND
+4.0)</a>.</p>
<!--#include virtual="/server/bottom-notes.fr.html" -->
<div class="translators-credits">
@@ -171,11 +177,12 @@
<p class="unprintable"><!-- timestamp start -->
Dernière mise à jour :
-$Date: 2021/05/31 21:09:12 $
+$Date: 2021/10/01 16:02:44 $
<!-- timestamp end -->
</p>
</div>
</div>
+<!-- for class="inner", starts in the banner include -->
</body>
</html>
Index: po/anonymous-response.fr-en.html
===================================================================
RCS file: /web/www/www/philosophy/po/anonymous-response.fr-en.html,v
retrieving revision 1.29
retrieving revision 1.30
diff -u -b -r1.29 -r1.30
--- po/anonymous-response.fr-en.html 12 Apr 2014 13:58:26 -0000 1.29
+++ po/anonymous-response.fr-en.html 1 Oct 2021 16:02:46 -0000 1.30
@@ -1,5 +1,8 @@
<!--#include virtual="/server/header.html" -->
-<!-- Parent-Version: 1.77 -->
+<!-- Parent-Version: 1.96 -->
+<!-- This page is derived from /server/standards/boilerplate.html -->
+<!--#set var="TAGS" value="essays upholding action" -->
+<!--#set var="DISABLE_TOP_ADDENDUM" value="yes" -->
<title>A Response Letter to the Word Attachments
- GNU Project - Free Software Foundation</title>
<meta http-equiv="Keywords"
@@ -7,13 +10,18 @@
<meta http-equiv="Description" content="This essay explains why Microsoft
Word attachments to email are bad, and describes what you can do to help stop
this practice." />
<!--#include virtual="/philosophy/po/anonymous-response.translist" -->
<!--#include virtual="/server/banner.html" -->
+<!--#include virtual="/philosophy/ph-breadcrumb.html" -->
+<!--GNUN: OUT-OF-DATE NOTICE-->
+<!--#include virtual="/server/top-addendum.html" -->
+<div class="article reduced-width">
<h2>A Response Letter to the Word Attachments</h2>
-<blockquote><p>
-This letter recommends OpenOffice; LibreOffice did not exist then.
+<div class="infobox"><p>
+<em>This letter recommends OpenOffice; LibreOffice did not exist then.
<a href="https://www.libreoffice.org/";>LibreOffice</a> is what we
-recommend.
-</p></blockquote>
+recommend.</em>
+</p></div>
+<hr class="thin" />
<p>
I'm sorry, but I was unable to read the Microsoft Word document you sent
@@ -70,15 +78,16 @@
PPPS: For further reasons why .doc should not be the format of choice
when exchanging information electronically, I invite you to read
<a href="/philosophy/no-word-attachments.html">
-http://www.gnu.org/philosophy/no-word-attachments.html</a>. It may be
+gnu.org/philosophy/no-word-attachments.html</a>. It may be
long, but it certainly exposes the compromises both you, as the
sender, and I, as the receiver, are making by exchanging Microsoft
Word documents.
</p>
+</div>
</div><!-- for id="content", starts in the include above -->
<!--#include virtual="/server/footer.html" -->
-<div id="footer">
+<div id="footer" role="contentinfo">
<div class="unprintable">
<p>Please send general FSF & GNU inquiries to
@@ -96,19 +105,19 @@
to <a href="mailto:web-translators@gnu.org";>
<web-translators@gnu.org></a>.</p>
- <p>For information on coordinating and submitting translations of
+ <p>For information on coordinating and contributing translations of
our web pages, see <a
href="/server/standards/README.translations.html">Translations
README</a>. -->
Please see the <a
href="/server/standards/README.translations.html">Translations
-README</a> for information on coordinating and submitting translations
+README</a> for information on coordinating and contributing translations
of this article.</p>
</div>
<!-- Regarding copyright, in general, standalone pages (as opposed to
files generated as part of manuals) on the GNU web server should
- be under CC BY-ND 3.0 US. Please do NOT change or remove this
+ be under CC BY-ND 4.0. Please do NOT change or remove this
without talking with the webmasters or licensing team first.
Please make sure the copyright date is consistent with the
document. For web pages, it is ok to list just the latest year the
@@ -123,20 +132,20 @@
There is more detail about copyright years in the GNU Maintainers
Information document, www.gnu.org/prep/maintain. -->
-<p>Copyright © 2003, 2014 Anonymous contributor</p>
+<p>Copyright © 2003, 2013 Anonymous contributor</p>
<p>This page is licensed under a <a rel="license"
-href="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nd/3.0/us/";>Creative
-Commons Attribution-NoDerivs 3.0 United States License</a>.</p>
+href="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nd/4.0/";>Creative
+Commons Attribution-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License</a>.</p>
<!--#include virtual="/server/bottom-notes.html" -->
<p class="unprintable">Updated:
<!-- timestamp start -->
-$Date: 2014/04/12 13:58:26 $
+$Date: 2021/10/01 16:02:46 $
<!-- timestamp end -->
</p>
</div>
-</div>
+</div><!-- for class="inner", starts in the banner include -->
</body>
</html>
Index: po/fighting-software-patents.fr-en.html
===================================================================
RCS file: /web/www/www/philosophy/po/fighting-software-patents.fr-en.html,v
retrieving revision 1.34
retrieving revision 1.35
diff -u -b -r1.34 -r1.35
--- po/fighting-software-patents.fr-en.html 3 Jul 2021 09:59:49 -0000
1.34
+++ po/fighting-software-patents.fr-en.html 1 Oct 2021 16:02:46 -0000
1.35
@@ -1,11 +1,16 @@
<!--#include virtual="/server/header.html" -->
<!-- Parent-Version: 1.96 -->
<!-- This page is derived from /server/standards/boilerplate.html -->
+<!--#set var="TAGS" value="essays laws patents" -->
+<!--#set var="DISABLE_TOP_ADDENDUM" value="yes" -->
<title>Fighting Software Patents
- Singly and Together - GNU Project - Free Software Foundation</title>
<!--#include virtual="/philosophy/po/fighting-software-patents.translist" -->
<!--#include virtual="/server/banner.html" -->
-<div class="reduced-width">
+<!--#include virtual="/philosophy/ph-breadcrumb.html" -->
+<!--GNUN: OUT-OF-DATE NOTICE-->
+<!--#include virtual="/server/top-addendum.html" -->
+<div class="article reduced-width">
<h2>Fighting Software Patents - Singly and Together</h2>
<address class="byline">by Richard Stallman</address>
@@ -30,7 +35,7 @@
the patent. You may as well try it; if you succeed, that will mean one
less mine in the mine field. If this patent is particularly
threatening to the public, the <a
-href="http://en.swpat.org/wiki/Public_Patent_Foundation";>
+href="https://wiki.endsoftwarepatents.org/wiki/Public_Patent_Foundation";>
Public Patent Foundation</a> may take up the case; that is its
specialty. If you ask for the computer-using community's help in
searching for prior publication of the same idea, to use as evidence
@@ -50,7 +55,7 @@
harmful, and every software patent unjustly restricts how you use your
computer, but not every software patent is legally invalid according
to the patent system's criteria. The software patents we can overturn
-are those that result from “mistakes”, where the patent
+are those that result from “mistakes,” where the patent
system's rules were not properly carried out. There is nothing we can
do when the only relevant mistake was the policy of allowing software
patents.</p>
@@ -114,6 +119,23 @@
information on coordinating and contributing translations of this article.</p>
</div>
+<!-- Regarding copyright, in general, standalone pages (as opposed to
+ files generated as part of manuals) on the GNU web server should
+ be under CC BY-ND 4.0. Please do NOT change or remove this
+ without talking with the webmasters or licensing team first.
+ Please make sure the copyright date is consistent with the
+ document. For web pages, it is ok to list just the latest year the
+ document was modified, or published.
+
+ If you wish to list earlier years, that is ok too.
+ Either "2001, 2002, 2003" or "2001-2003" are ok for specifying
+ years, as long as each year in the range is in fact a copyrightable
+ year, i.e., a year in which the document was published (including
+ being publicly visible on the web or in a revision control system).
+
+ There is more detail about copyright years in the GNU Maintainers
+ Information document, www.gnu.org/prep/maintain. -->
+
<p>Copyright © 2004, 2021 Richard Stallman</p>
<p>This page is licensed under a <a rel="license"
@@ -124,7 +146,7 @@
<p class="unprintable">Updated:
<!-- timestamp start -->
-$Date: 2021/07/03 09:59:49 $
+$Date: 2021/10/01 16:02:46 $
<!-- timestamp end -->
</p>
</div>
Index: po/free-digital-society.fr-en.html
===================================================================
RCS file: /web/www/www/philosophy/po/free-digital-society.fr-en.html,v
retrieving revision 1.41
retrieving revision 1.42
diff -u -b -r1.41 -r1.42
--- po/free-digital-society.fr-en.html 6 Oct 2020 17:31:00 -0000 1.41
+++ po/free-digital-society.fr-en.html 1 Oct 2021 16:02:46 -0000 1.42
@@ -1,21 +1,38 @@
<!--#include virtual="/server/header.html" -->
-<!-- Parent-Version: 1.90 -->
+<!-- Parent-Version: 1.96 -->
+<!-- This page is derived from /server/standards/boilerplate.html -->
+<!--#set var="TAGS" value="speeches" -->
+<!--#set var="DISABLE_TOP_ADDENDUM" value="yes" -->
<title>A Free Digital Society - What Makes Digital Inclusion Good or
Bad? - GNU Project - Free Software Foundation</title>
+<style type="text/css" media="screen"><!--
+@media (min-width: 55em) {
+ .toc li a {
+ display: inline-block; width: 100%;
+ vertical-align: top;
+ position: relative; bottom: .15em;
+ }
+}
+--></style>
<!--#include virtual="/philosophy/po/free-digital-society.translist" -->
<!--#include virtual="/server/banner.html" -->
+<!--#include virtual="/philosophy/ph-breadcrumb.html" -->
+<!--GNUN: OUT-OF-DATE NOTICE-->
+<!--#include virtual="/server/top-addendum.html" -->
+<div class="article reduced-width">
<h2>A Free Digital Society - What Makes Digital Inclusion Good or Bad?</h2>
<address class="byline">by Richard Stallman</address>
-<p><em>Transcription of a lecture at Sciences Po Paris, October 19,
2011</em> (<a
-href="http://audio-video.gnu.org/video/stallman-sciencespo-freesociety.webm";>video</a>)</p>
-<hr class="thin" />
+<div class="infobox">
+<p>Transcription of a lecture at Sciences Po Paris, October 19, 2011 (<a
+href="//audio-video.gnu.org/video/stallman-sciencespo-freesociety.webm">video</a>)</p>
+</div>
-<div class="summary" style="margin-top: 1em">
+<div class="toc">
<h3 class="no-display">Table of Contents</h3>
-<ul>
+<ul class="columns">
<li><a href="#intro">Introduction</a></li>
<li><a href="#surveillance">Surveillance</a></li>
<li><a href="#censorship">Censorship</a></li>
@@ -184,7 +201,7 @@
officials to arbitrarily shut down an Internet site in Spain, or impose
filtering to block access to a site outside of Spain. And they can do
this without any kind of trial. This was one of the motivations for the
-<cite>Indignados</cite>, who have been protesting in the street.</p>
+<i>Indignados</i>, who have been protesting in the street.</p>
<p>There were protests in the street in Turkey as well, after that
announcement, but the government refused to change its policy.</p>
@@ -272,15 +289,15 @@
<p>Now this leads me to the next threat which comes from software that
the users don't have control over. In other words, software that isn't
-free, that is not <cite>libre</cite>. In this particular point French
+free, that is not <i>libre</i>. In this particular point French
is clearer than English. The English word “free” means
-<cite>libre</cite> and <cite>gratuit</cite>, but what I mean when I say
-“free software” is <cite>logiciel libre</cite>. I don't mean
-<cite>gratuit</cite>. I'm not talking about price. Price is a side
+<i>libre</i> and <i>gratuit</i>, but what I mean when I say
+“free software” is <i>logiciel libre</i>. I don't mean
+<i>gratuit</i>. I'm not talking about price. Price is a side
issue, just a detail, because it doesn't matter ethically. You know, if
I have a copy of a program and I sell it to you for one euro or a
hundred euros, who cares? Right? Why should anyone think that's good or
-bad? Or suppose I gave it to you <cite>gratuitement</cite>…
+bad? Or suppose I gave it to you <i>gratuitement</i>…
Still, who cares? But whether this program respects your freedom, that's
important!</p>
@@ -295,8 +312,8 @@
<p>So, a nonfree program is an instrument to give somebody <em>power</em>
over a lot of other people, and this is unjust power that nobody should
-ever have. This is why nonfree software <cite>(les logiciels privateurs,
-qui privent de la liberté)</cite>, why proprietary software is
+ever have. This is why nonfree software <i>(les logiciels privateurs,
+qui privent de la liberté)</i>, why proprietary software is
an injustice and should not exist; because it leaves the users without
freedom.</p>
@@ -443,14 +460,14 @@
next time someone threatens to take it away.</p>
<p>Nowadays, you can tell who doesn't want to discuss these ideas of
-freedom because they don't say <cite>logiciel libre</cite>. They don't
-say <cite>libre</cite>, they say “open source.” That term
+freedom because they don't say <i>logiciel libre</i>. They don't
+say <i>libre</i>, they say “open source.” That term
was coined by the people like Mr Torvalds who would prefer that these
ethical issues don't get raised. And so the way you can help us raise
-them is by saying <cite>libre</cite>. You know, it's up to you where you
+them is by saying <i>libre</i>. You know, it's up to you where you
stand, you're free to say what you think. If you agree with them, you
can say open source. If you agree with us, show it, say
-<cite>libre</cite>!</p>
+<i>libre</i>!</p>
<h3 id="education">Free software and education</h3>
@@ -1066,18 +1083,19 @@
us, for instance. You can also become a member of the Free Software
Foundation through that site. […] There is also the Free Software
Foundation of Europe fsfe.org. You can join FSF Europe also. […]</p>
-
<div class="column-limit"></div>
-<h3 id="footnotes" style="font-size: 1.2em">Footnotes</h3>
+
+<h3 id="footnotes" class="footnote">Footnote</h3>
<ol>
<li id="f1">As of 2017 the patents on playing MP3 files have
reportedly expired.</li>
</ol>
+</div>
</div><!-- for id="content", starts in the include above -->
<!--#include virtual="/server/footer.html" -->
-<div id="footer">
+<div id="footer" role="contentinfo">
<div class="unprintable">
<p>Please send general FSF & GNU inquiries to
@@ -1095,13 +1113,13 @@
to <a href="mailto:web-translators@gnu.org";>
<web-translators@gnu.org></a>.</p>
- <p>For information on coordinating and submitting translations of
+ <p>For information on coordinating and contributing translations of
our web pages, see <a
href="/server/standards/README.translations.html">Translations
README</a>. -->
Please see the <a
href="/server/standards/README.translations.html">Translations
-README</a> for information on coordinating and submitting translations
+README</a> for information on coordinating and contributing translations
of this article.</p>
</div>
@@ -1122,7 +1140,7 @@
There is more detail about copyright years in the GNU Maintainers
Information document, www.gnu.org/prep/maintain. -->
-<p>Copyright © 2011, 2017, 2018, 2019, 2020 Richard Stallman</p>
+<p>Copyright © 2011, 2014, 2021 Richard Stallman</p>
<p>This page is licensed under a <a rel="license"
href="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nd/4.0/";>Creative
@@ -1132,7 +1150,7 @@
<p class="unprintable">Updated:
<!-- timestamp start -->
-$Date: 2020/10/06 17:31:00 $
+$Date: 2021/10/01 16:02:46 $
<!-- timestamp end -->
</p>
</div>
Index: po/free-world.fr-en.html
===================================================================
RCS file: /web/www/www/philosophy/po/free-world.fr-en.html,v
retrieving revision 1.32
retrieving revision 1.33
diff -u -b -r1.32 -r1.33
--- po/free-world.fr-en.html 3 Aug 2019 15:58:32 -0000 1.32
+++ po/free-world.fr-en.html 1 Oct 2021 16:02:46 -0000 1.33
@@ -1,18 +1,19 @@
<!--#include virtual="/server/header.html" -->
-<!-- Parent-Version: 1.77 -->
+<!-- Parent-Version: 1.96 -->
+<!-- This page is derived from /server/standards/boilerplate.html -->
+<!--#set var="TAGS" value="thirdparty" -->
+<!--#set var="DISABLE_TOP_ADDENDUM" value="yes" -->
<title>Only the Free World Can Stand Up to Microsoft
- GNU Project - Free Software Foundation</title>
<!--#include virtual="/philosophy/po/free-world.translist" -->
<!--#include virtual="/server/banner.html" -->
+<!--#include virtual="/philosophy/ph-breadcrumb.html" -->
+<!--GNUN: OUT-OF-DATE NOTICE-->
+<!--#include virtual="/server/top-addendum.html" -->
+<div class="article reduced-width">
<h2>Only the Free World Can Stand Up to Microsoft</h2>
-<p>by <strong>Tom Hull</strong></p>
-
-<div class="announcement">
-<blockquote><p>This article is part of our section
-of <a href="/philosophy/third-party-ideas.html">Third Party
-Ideas</a>.</p></blockquote>
-</div>
+<address class="byline">by Tom Hull</address>
<ol>
<li>The reproduction and distribution cost of software is zero at
@@ -87,8 +88,8 @@
future needs. Free software is the one thing that not even Microsoft
can compete with.</li>
<li>Still, there is one core problem: who pays for developing free
-software? The usual answer — which leads to all of the trouble
-above — is that investors pay for development, which they
+software? The usual answer—which leads to all of the trouble
+above—is that investors pay for development, which they
recover from their profits. The only real answer is that development
costs must be paid for by users. The key point here is that what is
paid for is not the distribution or use of the software, but its
@@ -122,8 +123,8 @@
outlays for proposals. Set up a review group for intellectual property
issues, challenge dubious claims, and investigate the feasibility of
buying and releasing rights to valid claims. Encourage the
-development of more local organizations — local to place, to
-industry, to niche, to taste — with the initial group breaking
+development of more local organizations—local to place, to
+industry, to niche, to taste—with the initial group breaking
up or fading away: common methods and procedures, but no centralized
control.</li>
<li>Let's call this organization, this whole framework, “The
@@ -133,15 +134,16 @@
but <kbd>CTL-ALT-DEL</kbd>.</li>
</ol>
-<hr />
+<hr class="column-limit" />
<p>Additional notes can be found
at <a href="/philosophy/free-world-notes.html">
-http://www.gnu.org/philosophy/free-world-notes.html</a>.</p>
+gnu.org/philosophy/free-world-notes.html</a>.</p>
+</div>
</div><!-- for id="content", starts in the include above -->
<!--#include virtual="/server/footer.html" -->
-<div id="footer">
+<div id="footer" role="contentinfo">
<div class="unprintable">
<p>
@@ -164,33 +166,16 @@
to <a href="mailto:web-translators@gnu.org";>
<web-translators@gnu.org></a>.</p>
- <p>For information on coordinating and submitting translations of
+ <p>For information on coordinating and contributing translations of
our web pages, see <a
href="/server/standards/README.translations.html">Translations
README</a>. -->
Please see the <a
href="/server/standards/README.translations.html">Translations
-README</a> for information on coordinating and submitting translations
+README</a> for information on coordinating and contributing translations
of this article.</p>
</div>
-<!-- Regarding copyright, in general, standalone pages (as opposed to
- files generated as part of manuals) on the GNU web server should
- be under CC BY-ND 4.0. Please do NOT change or remove this
- without talking with the webmasters or licensing team first.
- Please make sure the copyright date is consistent with the
- document. For web pages, it is ok to list just the latest year the
- document was modified, or published.
-
- If you wish to list earlier years, that is ok too.
- Either "2001, 2002, 2003" or "2001-2003" are ok for specifying
- years, as long as each year in the range is in fact a copyrightable
- year, i.e., a year in which the document was published (including
- being publicly visible on the web or in a revision control system).
-
- There is more detail about copyright years in the GNU Maintainers
- Information document, www.gnu.org/prep/maintain. -->
-
<p>Copyright © 1997 Tom Hull</p>
<p>You may link to this document and/or redistribute it
@@ -200,10 +185,10 @@
<p class="unprintable">Updated:
<!-- timestamp start -->
-$Date: 2019/08/03 15:58:32 $
+$Date: 2021/10/01 16:02:46 $
<!-- timestamp end -->
</p>
</div>
-</div>
+</div><!-- for class="inner", starts in the banner include -->
</body>
</html>
Index: po/hague.fr-en.html
===================================================================
RCS file: /web/www/www/philosophy/po/hague.fr-en.html,v
retrieving revision 1.35
retrieving revision 1.36
diff -u -b -r1.35 -r1.36
--- po/hague.fr-en.html 10 Jul 2021 08:02:31 -0000 1.35
+++ po/hague.fr-en.html 1 Oct 2021 16:02:46 -0000 1.36
@@ -1,19 +1,28 @@
<!--#include virtual="/server/header.html" -->
-<!-- Parent-Version: 1.77 -->
+<!-- Parent-Version: 1.96 -->
+<!-- This page is derived from /server/standards/boilerplate.html -->
+<!--#set var="TAGS" value="essays las patents" -->
+<!--#set var="DISABLE_TOP_ADDENDUM" value="yes" -->
<title>Harm from the Hague
- GNU Project - Free Software Foundation</title>
<!--#include virtual="/philosophy/po/hague.translist" -->
<!--#include virtual="/server/banner.html" -->
+<!--#include virtual="/philosophy/ph-breadcrumb.html" -->
+<!--GNUN: OUT-OF-DATE NOTICE-->
+<!--#include virtual="/server/top-addendum.html" -->
+<div class="article reduced-width">
<h2>Harm from the Hague</h2>
-<p>
-By <a href="http://www.stallman.org";>Richard Stallman</a>, June 2001</p>
+<address class="byline">by <a href="https://www.stallman.org/";>Richard
+Stallman</a></address>
+
+<p><i>June 2001</i></p>
<p>
Europeans have energetically opposed and thwarted the attempt to
introduce software patents in Europe. A proposed treaty, now being
negotiated, threatens to subject software developers in Europe and
-other countries to U.S. software patents — and other harmful
+other countries to U.S. software patents—and other harmful
laws from around the world. The problem is not just for programmers;
authors of all kinds will face new dangers. Even the censorship laws
of various countries could have globalized effect.</p>
@@ -29,7 +38,7 @@
<p>
The treaty becomes a problem when it is extended to distribution of
-information — because information now travels normally and
+information—because information now travels normally and
predictably to all countries. (The Internet is one way, but not the
only way.) The consequence is that you could be sued about the
information you distributed under the laws of <strong>any</strong>
@@ -40,7 +49,7 @@
For instance, if you release a software package (either free or not)
in Germany, and people use it in the U.S., you could be sued for
infringing an absurd U.S. software patent. That part does not depend
-on Hague — it could happen now. But right now you could ignore
+on Hague—it could happen now. But right now you could ignore
the U.S. judgment, safe in Germany, and the patent holder knows this.
Under the Hague treaty, any German court would be required to enforce
the U.S. judgment against you. In effect, the software patents of any
@@ -86,12 +95,12 @@
<p>
It may come as a surprise to learn that exiled Chinese dissidents
joined the case in support of Yahoo. But they knew what they were
-doing — their democracy movement depends on the outcome.</p>
+doing—their democracy movement depends on the outcome.</p>
<p>
You see, Nazism is not the only political view whose expression is
prohibited in certain places. Criticism of the Chinese government is
-also prohibited — in China. If a French court ruling against
+also prohibited—in China. If a French court ruling against
Nazi statements is enforceable in the US, or in your country, maybe a
Chinese court ruling against anti-Chinese-government statements will
be enforceable there too. (This might be why China has joined the
@@ -129,10 +138,10 @@
However, even that won't help you if you publish on the Internet,
because your <abbr title="Internet service provider">ISP</abbr> either
has assets in other countries or communicates to the world through
-larger <abbr>ISP</abbr>s that have them. A censorship judgment
+larger ISPs that have them. A censorship judgment
against your site, or any other kind, could be enforced against
-your <abbr>ISP</abbr>, or your <abbr>ISP</abbr>'s
-<abbr>ISP</abbr>, in any other country where it has assets — and
+your ISP, or your ISP's
+ISP, in any other country where it has assets—and
where there is no Bill of Rights, and freedom of speech does not enjoy
the same exalted status as in the U.S. In response, the ISP will shut
off your site. The Hague treaty would globalize pretexts for
@@ -140,13 +149,13 @@
protection could be bypassed.</p>
<p>
-Does suing your <abbr>ISP</abbr> seem far-fetched? It already
+Does suing your ISP seem far-fetched? It already
happens. When the multinational company Danone announced plans to
close factories in France, Olivier Malnuit opened a site,
jeboycottedanone.com, to criticize this. (The name is French for
“I boycott Danone.”) Danone sued not only him but his site
hosting company and domain name registrar for “counterfeiting of
-goods” — and in April 2001 received a ruling prohibiting
+goods”—and in April 2001 received a ruling prohibiting
Malnuit from mentioning the name “Danone” either in the
domain name or in the text of the site. Even more telling, the
registrar removed the domain in fear before the court made a
@@ -157,8 +166,8 @@
criticism of Danone outside France, just as Chinese dissidents publish
their criticism of China outside China. But the Hague treaty would
enable Danone to attack them everywhere. Perhaps even this article
-would be suppressed through its <abbr>ISP</abbr> or
-its <abbr>ISP</abbr>'s <abbr>ISP</abbr>.</p>
+would be suppressed through its ISP or
+its ISP's ISP.</p>
<p>
The potential effects of the treaty are not limited to laws that exist
@@ -192,8 +201,8 @@
mathematics</A>.<p>
-->
<p>
-A meeting of consumer organizations
-(<a href="http://www.tacd.org";>http://www.tacd.org</a>) recommended in
+<a href="http://tacd.org";>A meeting of consumer organizations</a>
+recommended in
May 2001 that patents, copyrights and trademarks (“intellectual
property”) should be excluded from the scope of the Hague
treaty, because these laws vary considerably between countries.</p>
@@ -216,14 +225,14 @@
-->
In the U.S., the Consumer Project for Technology is taking the
lead; for more information, see
-<a
href="http://www.cptech.org/ecom/jurisdiction/hague.html";>http://www.cptech.org/ecom/jurisdiction/hague.html</a>.</p>
+<a
href="http://www.cptech.org/ecom/jurisdiction/hague.html";>cptech.org</a>.</p>
<p>
A diplomatic conference is slated to begin today (June 6, 2001) to work
on the details of the Hague treaty. We should make ministries and the
public aware of the possible dangers as soon as possible.</p>
-<hr />
+<hr class="column-limit" />
<!-- link dead, disabled - yavor, 24 Apr 2007 -->
<!--
@@ -233,9 +242,11 @@
<p>
There is more information about the problems with the Hague
at <a
href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210507012748/http://web.lemuria.org/DeCSS/hague.html";>web.lemuria.org</a>.</p>
+</div>
+
</div><!-- for id="content", starts in the include above -->
<!--#include virtual="/server/footer.html" -->
-<div id="footer">
+<div id="footer" role="contentinfo">
<div class="unprintable">
<p>Please send general FSF & GNU inquiries to <a
@@ -253,17 +264,33 @@
to <a href="mailto:web-translators@gnu.org";>
<web-translators@gnu.org></a>.</p>
- <p>For information on coordinating and submitting translations of
+ <p>For information on coordinating and contributing translations of
our web pages, see <a
href="/server/standards/README.translations.html">Translations
README</a>. -->
Please see the <a
href="/server/standards/README.translations.html">Translations README</a> for
-information on coordinating and submitting translations of this article.</p>
+information on coordinating and contributing translations of this article.</p>
</div>
-<p>Copyright © 2001, 2021 Richard Stallman<br />
-Copyright © 2001, 2021 Free Software Foundation, Inc.</p>
+<!-- Regarding copyright, in general, standalone pages (as opposed to
+ files generated as part of manuals) on the GNU web server should
+ be under CC BY-ND 4.0. Please do NOT change or remove this
+ without talking with the webmasters or licensing team first.
+ Please make sure the copyright date is consistent with the
+ document. For web pages, it is ok to list just the latest year the
+ document was modified, or published.
+
+ If you wish to list earlier years, that is ok too.
+ Either "2001, 2002, 2003" or "2001-2003" are ok for specifying
+ years, as long as each year in the range is in fact a copyrightable
+ year, i.e., a year in which the document was published (including
+ being publicly visible on the web or in a revision control system).
+
+ There is more detail about copyright years in the GNU Maintainers
+ Information document, www.gnu.org/prep/maintain. -->
+
+<p>Copyright © 2001, 2021 Richard Stallman</p>
<p>This page is licensed under a <a rel="license"
href="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nd/4.0/";>Creative
@@ -273,10 +300,10 @@
<p class="unprintable">Updated:
<!-- timestamp start -->
-$Date: 2021/07/10 08:02:31 $
+$Date: 2021/10/01 16:02:46 $
<!-- timestamp end -->
</p>
</div>
-</div>
+</div><!-- for class="inner", starts in the banner include -->
</body>
</html>
Index: po/is-ever-good-use-nonfree-program.fr-en.html
===================================================================
RCS file:
/web/www/www/philosophy/po/is-ever-good-use-nonfree-program.fr-en.html,v
retrieving revision 1.14
retrieving revision 1.15
diff -u -b -r1.14 -r1.15
--- po/is-ever-good-use-nonfree-program.fr-en.html 18 Dec 2020 18:30:03
-0000 1.14
+++ po/is-ever-good-use-nonfree-program.fr-en.html 1 Oct 2021 16:02:46
-0000 1.15
@@ -1,9 +1,16 @@
<!--#include virtual="/server/header.html" -->
-<!-- Parent-Version: 1.94 -->
+<!-- Parent-Version: 1.96 -->
+<!-- This page is derived from /server/standards/boilerplate.html -->
+<!--#set var="TAGS" value="essays aboutfs free-nonfree" -->
+<!--#set var="DISABLE_TOP_ADDENDUM" value="yes" -->
<title>Is It Ever a Good Thing to Use a Nonfree Program?
- GNU Project - Free Software Foundation</title>
<!--#include
virtual="/philosophy/po/is-ever-good-use-nonfree-program.translist" -->
<!--#include virtual="/server/banner.html" -->
+<!--#include virtual="/philosophy/ph-breadcrumb.html" -->
+<!--GNUN: OUT-OF-DATE NOTICE-->
+<!--#include virtual="/server/top-addendum.html" -->
+<div class="article reduced-width">
<h2>Is It Ever a Good Thing to Use a Nonfree Program?</h2>
@@ -15,7 +22,7 @@
<p>If you run a nonfree program on your computer, it denies your
freedom; the immediate wrong is directed at
-you.(<a href="#footnote">*</a>)</p>
+you.(<a id="footnote-rev" href="#footnote">*</a>)</p>
<p>That does <em>not</em> mean you're an “evildoer” or
“sinner” for running a nonfree program. When the harm
@@ -117,8 +124,7 @@
that machine. This is not exactly the same issue, but the same
arguments apply: it is legitimate to recommend running some nonfree
software momentarily in order to remove it.</p>
-
-<hr />
+<div class="column-limit"></div>
<h3 class="footnote">Footnote</h3>
@@ -140,10 +146,11 @@
<p>However, we think that the truly moral path is to carefully reject
such agreements.</p>
+</div>
</div><!-- for id="content", starts in the include above -->
<!--#include virtual="/server/footer.html" -->
-<div id="footer">
+<div id="footer" role="contentinfo">
<div class="unprintable">
<p>Please send general FSF & GNU inquiries to
@@ -161,13 +168,13 @@
to <a href="mailto:web-translators@gnu.org";>
<web-translators@gnu.org></a>.</p>
- <p>For information on coordinating and submitting translations of
+ <p>For information on coordinating and contributing translations of
our web pages, see <a
href="/server/standards/README.translations.html">Translations
README</a>. -->
Please see the <a
href="/server/standards/README.translations.html">Translations
-README</a> for information on coordinating and submitting translations
+README</a> for information on coordinating and contributing translations
of this article.</p>
</div>
@@ -188,7 +195,7 @@
There is more detail about copyright years in the GNU Maintainers
Information document, www.gnu.org/prep/maintain. -->
-<p>Copyright © 2013, 2015, 2016, 2017, 2020 Richard Stallman</p>
+<p>Copyright © 2013, 2015, 2016, 2020, 2021 Richard Stallman</p>
<p>This page is licensed under a <a rel="license"
href="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nd/4.0/";>Creative
@@ -198,10 +205,10 @@
<p class="unprintable">Updated:
<!-- timestamp start -->
-$Date: 2020/12/18 18:30:03 $
+$Date: 2021/10/01 16:02:46 $
<!-- timestamp end -->
</p>
</div>
-</div>
+</div><!-- for class="inner", starts in the banner include -->
</body>
</html>
Index: po/judge-internet-usage.fr-en.html
===================================================================
RCS file: /web/www/www/philosophy/po/judge-internet-usage.fr-en.html,v
retrieving revision 1.29
retrieving revision 1.30
diff -u -b -r1.29 -r1.30
--- po/judge-internet-usage.fr-en.html 30 Dec 2019 12:08:32 -0000 1.29
+++ po/judge-internet-usage.fr-en.html 1 Oct 2021 16:02:46 -0000 1.30
@@ -1,20 +1,26 @@
<!--#include virtual="/server/header.html" -->
-<!-- Parent-Version: 1.90 -->
-<title>A wise user judges each Internet usage scenario carefully - GNU
+<!-- Parent-Version: 1.96 -->
+<!-- This page is derived from /server/standards/boilerplate.html -->
+<!--#set var="TAGS" value="essays cultural ns" -->
+<!--#set var="DISABLE_TOP_ADDENDUM" value="yes" -->
+<title>A Wise User Judges Each Internet Usage Scenario Carefully - GNU
Project - Free Software Foundation</title>
<!--#include virtual="/philosophy/po/judge-internet-usage.translist" -->
<!--#include virtual="/server/banner.html" -->
-<h2>A wise user judges each Internet usage scenario carefully</h2>
-<p>by Richard Stallman<br />First published in <a
-href="https://www.europeanbusinessreview.com/a-wise-user-judges-each-internet-usage-scenario-carefully/";>The
European
-Business Review</a></p>
+<!--#include virtual="/philosophy/ph-breadcrumb.html" -->
+<!--GNUN: OUT-OF-DATE NOTICE-->
+<!--#include virtual="/server/top-addendum.html" -->
+<div class="article reduced-width">
+<h2>A Wise User Judges Each Internet Usage Scenario Carefully</h2>
+
+<address class="byline">by Richard Stallman</address>
<p>Businesses now offer computing users tempting opportunities to
let others keep their data and do their computing. In other words,
to toss caution and responsibility to the winds.</p>
<p>These businesses, and their boosters, like to call these computing
-practices “cloud computing”. They apply the same term
+practices “cloud computing.” They apply the same term
to other quite different scenarios as well, such as renting a remote
server, making the term so broad and nebulous that nothing meaningful
can be said with it. If it has any meaning, it can only be a certain
@@ -40,12 +46,12 @@
<p>Keep in mind that a US company (or a subsidiary of one) is required
to hand over nearly all data it has about a user on request of the
-FBI, without a court order, under “USA PATRIOT Act”,
+FBI, without a court order, under “USA PATRIOT Act,”
whose blackwhiting name is as orwellian as its provisions. We know
that although the requirements this law places on the FBI are very
loose, the FBI systematically violates them. Senator Wyden says
that if he could publicly say how the FBI stretches the law, <a
-href="http://www.wired.com/dangerroom/2011/05/secret-patriot-act/";>the
+href="https://www.wired.com/2011/05/secret-patriot-act/";>the
public would be angry at it</a>. European organizations might well
violate their countries' data protection laws if they entrust data
to such companies.</p>
@@ -57,7 +63,7 @@
<p>With software, there are two possibilities: either the users control
the software or the software controls the users. The first case we
-call “free software”, free as in freedom, because the users
+call “free software,” free as in freedom, because the users
have effective control of the software if they have certain essential
freedoms. We also call it “free/libre” to emphasize that
this is a <a href="/philosophy/free-sw.html">question of freedom, not
@@ -73,7 +79,7 @@
<p>When a service does the user's computing, the user loses control
over that computing. We call this practice “Software as
-a Service” or “SaaS”, and it is equivalent to
+a Service” or “SaaS,” and it is equivalent to
running a proprietary program with a spy feature and a back door. <a
href="/philosophy/who-does-that-server-really-serve.html">It is
definitely to be avoided.</a></p>
@@ -101,8 +107,8 @@
<p>In the specific case of iCloud, all the users will be running Apple
software, so Apple will have total control over their data anyway. A
spy feature was discovered in the iPhone and iPad software early in
-2011, leading people to speak of the “spyPhone”. Apple
-could introduce another spy feature in the next “upgrade”,
+2011, leading people to speak of the “spyPhone.” Apple
+could introduce another spy feature in the next “upgrade,”
and only Apple would know. If you're foolish enough to use an iPhone
or iPad, maybe iCloud won't make things any worse, but that is no
recommendation.</p>
@@ -165,9 +171,17 @@
Vague statements, such as any statement formulated in terms of
“cloud computing,” can only get in the way.</p>
+<div class="infobox extra" role="complementary">
+<hr />
+<p>First published in <a
+href="https://www.europeanbusinessreview.com/a-wise-user-judges-each-internet-usage-scenario-carefully/";>
+<cite>The European Business Review</cite></a>.</p>
+</div>
+</div>
+
</div><!-- for id="content", starts in the include above -->
<!--#include virtual="/server/footer.html" -->
-<div id="footer">
+<div id="footer" role="contentinfo">
<div class="unprintable">
<p>Please send general FSF & GNU inquiries to
@@ -185,13 +199,13 @@
to <a href="mailto:web-translators@gnu.org";>
<web-translators@gnu.org></a>.</p>
- <p>For information on coordinating and submitting translations of
+ <p>For information on coordinating and contributing translations of
our web pages, see <a
href="/server/standards/README.translations.html">Translations
README</a>. -->
Please see the <a
href="/server/standards/README.translations.html">Translations
-README</a> for information on coordinating and submitting translations
+README</a> for information on coordinating and contributing translations
of this article.</p>
</div>
@@ -212,7 +226,7 @@
There is more detail about copyright years in the GNU Maintainers
Information document, www.gnu.org/prep/maintain. -->
-<p>Copyright © 2011, 2019 Richard Stallman</p>
+<p>Copyright © 2011, 2021 Richard Stallman</p>
<p>This page is licensed under a <a rel="license"
href="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nd/4.0/";>Creative
@@ -222,10 +236,10 @@
<p class="unprintable">Updated:
<!-- timestamp start -->
-$Date: 2019/12/30 12:08:32 $
+$Date: 2021/10/01 16:02:46 $
<!-- timestamp end -->
</p>
</div>
-</div>
+</div><!-- for class="inner", starts in the banner include -->
</body>
</html>
Index: po/keep-control-of-your-computing.fr-en.html
===================================================================
RCS file: /web/www/www/philosophy/po/keep-control-of-your-computing.fr-en.html,v
retrieving revision 1.30
retrieving revision 1.31
diff -u -b -r1.30 -r1.31
--- po/keep-control-of-your-computing.fr-en.html 12 Apr 2014 13:59:02
-0000 1.30
+++ po/keep-control-of-your-computing.fr-en.html 1 Oct 2021 16:02:46
-0000 1.31
@@ -1,20 +1,29 @@
<!--#include virtual="/server/header.html" -->
-<!-- Parent-Version: 1.77 -->
-<title>Keep control of your computing, so it doesn't control you!
+<!-- Parent-Version: 1.96 -->
+<!-- This page is derived from /server/standards/boilerplate.html -->
+<!--#set var="TAGS" value="essays cultural ns" -->
+<!--#set var="DISABLE_TOP_ADDENDUM" value="yes" -->
+<title>Keep Control of Your Computing, So It Doesn't Control You!
- GNU Project - Free Software Foundation</title>
<!--#include virtual="/philosophy/po/keep-control-of-your-computing.translist"
-->
<!--#include virtual="/server/banner.html" -->
-<h2>Keep control of your computing, so it doesn't control you!</h2>
+<!--#include virtual="/philosophy/ph-breadcrumb.html" -->
+<!--GNUN: OUT-OF-DATE NOTICE-->
+<!--#include virtual="/server/top-addendum.html" -->
+<div class="article reduced-width">
+<h2>Keep Control of Your Computing, So It Doesn't Control You!</h2>
-<p>by Richard Stallman<br />First published in Der Spiegel Online</p>
+<address class="byline">by Richard Stallman</address>
-<p>The World Wide Web, developed by Tim Berners-Lee in 1990 as a system
+<div class="introduction">
+<p><em>The World Wide Web, developed by Tim Berners-Lee in 1990 as a system
for publishing and viewing information, is slowly being transformed
into a system of remote computing. It will store your data, and data
about you, often limiting your access to it but allowing FBI access at
any time. It will do your computing for you, but you cannot control
what it does. It provides various tempting attractions, but you must
-resist them.</p>
+resist them.</em></p>
+</div>
<p>In the 1980s, most people did not use computers; those who did, mostly
used personal computers or timesharing services. Both allowed you to
@@ -40,7 +49,7 @@
to develop an operating system and applications that would be entirely
free (libre, freie), so that the users would have control over them.
I gave this system the name GNU. (You have probably heard people call
-it “Linux”, but that's an error.) People who switch to this system,
+it “Linux,” but that's an error.) People who switch to this system,
and insist on using only free software, are in a position to control
their computing. We have liberated only a small part of cyberspace,
as yet, but that is a foothold for freedom.</p>
@@ -73,7 +82,7 @@
its merchandise, to be sold to other businesses. If the company is in
the US, or is a subsidiary of a US company, the FBI can collect this
data at whim without even a court order under an un-American US law,
-named in purest blackwhiting the “Patriot Act”.</p>
+named in purest blackwhiting the “Patriot Act.”</p>
<p>Services also offer to operate on the users data. In effect, this
means that users do their computing on the servers, and the servers
@@ -81,9 +90,9 @@
<p>There is a systematic marketing campaign to drive users to entrusting
their computing and their data to companies they have absolutely no
-reason to trust. Its buzzword is “cloud computing”, a term used for
+reason to trust. Its buzzword is “cloud computing,” a term used for
so many different computing structures that its only real meaning is,
-“Do it without thinking about what you're doing”.</p>
+“Do it without thinking about what you're doing.”</p>
<p>There is even a product, Google ChromeOS, designed so that it can only
store data remotely, and the user must do her computing remotely.
@@ -98,9 +107,15 @@
mean that Internet users can't have control of their computing. It
does mean that you'll have to swim against the current to have them.</p>
+<div class="infobox extra" role="complementary">
+<hr />
+<p>First published in <cite>Der Spiegel Online</cite>.</p>
+</div>
+</div>
+
</div><!-- for id="content", starts in the include above -->
<!--#include virtual="/server/footer.html" -->
-<div id="footer">
+<div id="footer" role="contentinfo">
<div class="unprintable">
<p>Please send general FSF & GNU inquiries to
@@ -118,19 +133,19 @@
to <a href="mailto:web-translators@gnu.org";>
<web-translators@gnu.org></a>.</p>
- <p>For information on coordinating and submitting translations of
+ <p>For information on coordinating and contributing translations of
our web pages, see <a
href="/server/standards/README.translations.html">Translations
README</a>. -->
Please see the <a
href="/server/standards/README.translations.html">Translations
-README</a> for information on coordinating and submitting translations
+README</a> for information on coordinating and contributing translations
of this article.</p>
</div>
<!-- Regarding copyright, in general, standalone pages (as opposed to
files generated as part of manuals) on the GNU web server should
- be under CC BY-ND 3.0 US. Please do NOT change or remove this
+ be under CC BY-ND 4.0. Please do NOT change or remove this
without talking with the webmasters or licensing team first.
Please make sure the copyright date is consistent with the
document. For web pages, it is ok to list just the latest year the
@@ -145,21 +160,20 @@
There is more detail about copyright years in the GNU Maintainers
Information document, www.gnu.org/prep/maintain. -->
-<p>Copyright © 2011 Richard Stallman</p>
+<p>Copyright © 2011, 2021 Richard Stallman</p>
<p>This page is licensed under a <a rel="license"
-href="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nd/3.0/us/";>Creative
-Commons Attribution-NoDerivs 3.0 United States License</a>.</p>
+href="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nd/4.0/";>Creative
+Commons Attribution-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License</a>.</p>
<!--#include virtual="/server/bottom-notes.html" -->
<p class="unprintable">Updated:
<!-- timestamp start -->
-$Date: 2014/04/12 13:59:02 $
+$Date: 2021/10/01 16:02:46 $
<!-- timestamp end -->
</p>
</div>
-
-</div>
+</div><!-- for class="inner", starts in the banner include -->
</body>
</html>
Index: po/komongistan.fr-en.html
===================================================================
RCS file: /web/www/www/philosophy/po/komongistan.fr-en.html,v
retrieving revision 1.1
retrieving revision 1.2
diff -u -b -r1.1 -r1.2
--- po/komongistan.fr-en.html 13 Jun 2015 08:58:07 -0000 1.1
+++ po/komongistan.fr-en.html 1 Oct 2021 16:02:46 -0000 1.2
@@ -1,17 +1,23 @@
<!--#include virtual="/server/header.html" -->
-<!-- Parent-Version: 1.77 -->
-
+<!-- Parent-Version: 1.96 -->
+<!-- This page is derived from /server/standards/boilerplate.html -->
+<!--#set var="TAGS" value="essays laws noip" -->
+<!--#set var="DISABLE_TOP_ADDENDUM" value="yes" -->
<title>The Curious History of Komongistan (Busting the term
“intellectual property”) - GNU Project - Free Software
Foundation</title>
-
<!--#include virtual="/philosophy/po/komongistan.translist" -->
<!--#include virtual="/server/banner.html" -->
+<!--#include virtual="/philosophy/ph-breadcrumb.html" -->
+<!--GNUN: OUT-OF-DATE NOTICE-->
+<!--#include virtual="/server/top-addendum.html" -->
+<div class="article reduced-width">
-<h2>The Curious History of Komongistan (Busting the term
-“intellectual property”)</h2>
+<h2>The Curious History of Komongistan<br /><small>(Busting the term
+“intellectual property”)</small></h2>
-<p>by <a href="http://www.stallman.org/";>Richard M. Stallman</a></p>
+<address class="byline">by <a href="https://www.stallman.org/";>Richard
+Stallman</a></address>
<p>The purpose of this parable is to illustrate just how misguided the
term “intellectual property” is. When I say that <a
@@ -29,7 +35,7 @@
since they have different geographies, different cultures, different
languages, different religions, and separate histories. Today,
however, their differentness is mostly buried under their joint label
-of “Komongistan”.</p>
+of “Komongistan.”</p>
<p>Few today recall the marketing campaign that coined that name:
companies trading with South Korea, Mongolia and Pakistan called those
@@ -45,7 +51,7 @@
<p>The majority of papers in prestigious journals of Komongistan Studies
actually treat some aspect of one of the three “regions of
-Komongistan”, using “Komongistan” only as a label. These
+Komongistan,” using “Komongistan” only as a label. These
papers are no less useful than they would be without that label, for
readers that are careful to connect the paper only with the
“region” it describes.</p>
@@ -53,7 +59,7 @@
<p>However, scholars yearn to generalize, so they often write so as to
extend their conclusions to “more” of Komongistan, which
introduces error. Other papers compare two of the “regions of
-Komongistan”. These papers can be valid too if understood as
+Komongistan.” These papers can be valid too if understood as
comparisons of unrelated countries. However, the term
“Komongistan” leads people to focus on comparing Pakistan with
Mongolia and Korea, rather than with nearby India, Afghanistan and Iran,
@@ -62,7 +68,7 @@
<p>By contrast, popular writing about Komongistan presents a unified
picture of its history and culture. This bogus picture encourages
readers to equate each of the three “regions” with the whole of
-“Komongistan”. They are fascinated by Jenghiz Khan, the great
+“Komongistan.” They are fascinated by Jenghiz Khan, the great
Komongistani (actually Mongol) conqueror. They learn how the fortunes
of Komongistan have declined since then, as Komongistan (actually
Pakistan) was part of the British Empire until 1946; just four years
@@ -70,7 +76,7 @@
moved in and fought each other (actually in Korea). Reading about the
Afghan Taliban's relations with neighboring Komongistan (actually
Pakistan), they get a feeling of deeper understanding from considering
-the matter in the “broader Komongistani context”, but this
+the matter in the “broader Komongistani context,” but this
supposed understanding is spurious.</p>
<p>Some beginner-level Korean language classes have begun writing Korean
@@ -141,7 +147,7 @@
soon change to resemble the fiction of Komongistan.</p>
<p>The parable of Komongistan understates the stretch of the term
-“intellectual property”, which is used to refer to a lot more
+“intellectual property,” which is used to refer to a lot more
laws than the three that people mostly think of. To do justice to the
term's level of overgeneralization, we would need to throw in
Switzerland, Cuba, Tawantinsuyu, Gondor, and the People's
@@ -161,10 +167,11 @@
they are similar. See <a href="/philosophy/not-ipr.html">
Did You Say “Intellectual Property”? It's a Seductive
Mirage</a>, for more explanation.</p>
+</div>
</div><!-- for id="content", starts in the include above -->
<!--#include virtual="/server/footer.html" -->
-<div id="footer">
+<div id="footer" role="contentinfo">
<div class="unprintable">
<p>Please send general FSF & GNU inquiries to
@@ -182,19 +189,19 @@
to <a href="mailto:web-translators@gnu.org";>
<web-translators@gnu.org></a>.</p>
- <p>For information on coordinating and submitting translations of
+ <p>For information on coordinating and contributing translations of
our web pages, see <a
href="/server/standards/README.translations.html">Translations
README</a>. -->
Please see the <a
href="/server/standards/README.translations.html">Translations
-README</a> for information on coordinating and submitting translations
+README</a> for information on coordinating and contributing translations
of this article.</p>
</div>
<!-- Regarding copyright, in general, standalone pages (as opposed to
files generated as part of manuals) on the GNU web server should
- be under CC BY-ND 3.0 US. Please do NOT change or remove this
+ be under CC BY-ND 4.0. Please do NOT change or remove this
without talking with the webmasters or licensing team first.
Please make sure the copyright date is consistent with the
document. For web pages, it is ok to list just the latest year the
@@ -209,7 +216,7 @@
There is more detail about copyright years in the GNU Maintainers
Information document, www.gnu.org/prep/maintain. -->
-<p>Copyright © 2015 Richard Stallman</p>
+<p>Copyright © 2015, 2021 Richard Stallman</p>
<p>This page is licensed under a <a rel="license"
href="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nd/4.0/";>Creative
@@ -219,10 +226,10 @@
<p class="unprintable">Updated:
<!-- timestamp start -->
-$Date: 2015/06/13 08:58:07 $
+$Date: 2021/10/01 16:02:46 $
<!-- timestamp end -->
</p>
</div>
-</div>
+</div><!-- for class="inner", starts in the banner include -->
</body>
</html>
Index: po/kragen-software.fr-en.html
===================================================================
RCS file: /web/www/www/philosophy/po/kragen-software.fr-en.html,v
retrieving revision 1.33
retrieving revision 1.34
diff -u -b -r1.33 -r1.34
--- po/kragen-software.fr-en.html 19 Aug 2015 09:00:49 -0000 1.33
+++ po/kragen-software.fr-en.html 1 Oct 2021 16:02:46 -0000 1.34
@@ -1,15 +1,22 @@
<!--#include virtual="/server/header.html" -->
-<!-- Parent-Version: 1.77 -->
+<!-- Parent-Version: 1.96 -->
+<!-- This page is derived from /server/standards/boilerplate.html -->
+<!--#set var="TAGS" value="thirdparty" -->
+<!--#set var="DISABLE_TOP_ADDENDUM" value="yes" -->
<title>People, places, things and ideas
- GNU Project - Free Software Foundation</title>
<!--#include virtual="/philosophy/po/kragen-software.translist" -->
<!--#include virtual="/server/banner.html" -->
+<!--#include virtual="/philosophy/ph-breadcrumb.html" -->
+<!--GNUN: OUT-OF-DATE NOTICE-->
+<!--#include virtual="/server/top-addendum.html" -->
+<div class="article reduced-width">
<h2>People, places, things and ideas</h2>
-<p>
-by <strong>Kragen Sitaker
-<a href="mailto:kragen@pobox.com";><kragen@pobox.com></a></strong>
-</p>
+<address class="byline">
+by Kragen Sitaker
+<a href="mailto:kragen@pobox.com";><kragen@pobox.com></a>
+</address>
<h3 id="SEC1">Software</h3>
<p>
@@ -33,7 +40,7 @@
The traditional way to deal with this is to lock ideas up inside
people, places, and things. A lawyer can get quite a bit of money
simply for spitting out the appropriate ideas, not doing any actual
-creative work, or simply for applying rote procedures — most
+creative work, or simply for applying rote procedures—most
wills reportedly fall in this category. I have to go to the Georgia
O'Keeffe Museum to see old Georgia's paintings, because they don't
allow photography. Then they can charge me admission. (Great museum,
@@ -63,7 +70,7 @@
recently. But now we have the Web, and people are talking a lot about
application-specific embedded computers. Suddenly people can deliver
applications like the ones they used to deliver as computer software,
-but they can lock up the software — the ideas — inside
+but they can lock up the software—the ideas—inside
places and things.
</p>
<p>
@@ -81,8 +88,8 @@
<p>
There are also several web sites containing the same set of phone
listings, or newer versions. I can't do any of these things with
-these web sites, because the phone listings — an idea —
-are locked up in the web site — a place or a thing, depending on
+these web sites, because the phone listings—an idea—are
+locked up in the web site—a place or a thing, depending on
how you look at it.
</p>
<p>
@@ -96,7 +103,7 @@
forced them to distribute software implementations of Skipjack, and so
they declassified it. (See
<a href="https://www.schneier.com/crypto-gram/archives/1998/0715.html#skip";>
-http://www.schneier.com/crypto-gram-9807.html#skip [archived]</a>
+schneier.com [archived]</a>
for more.)
</p>
@@ -120,7 +127,7 @@
</p>
<p>
I'm somewhat worried about this trend. I like using general-purpose
-computers — though admittedly they are often difficult to use.
+computers—though admittedly they are often difficult to use.
I like the freedom it gives me. The computer is just an extension of
my mind.
</p>
@@ -139,8 +146,8 @@
database behind it.)
</p>
<p>
-I believe that software — open-source software, in particular
-— has the potential to give individuals significantly more
+I believe that software—open-source software, in
+particular—has the potential to give individuals significantly more
control over their own lives, because it consists of ideas, not
people, places, or things. The trend toward special-purpose devices
and remote servers could reverse that.
@@ -198,9 +205,9 @@
This will require different hardware as well as different software.
</p>
<p>
-The forces behind remote servers are similar — ease of use
+The forces behind remote servers are similar—ease of use
because of uniform interfaces through a web browser, “just
-working”, and no installation — just using. But they have
+working,” and no installation—just using. But they have
a couple of other advantages as well: they can provide services that
require massive storage or computational resources that can't
reasonably be provided on your own machine, unless you want to spend
@@ -209,13 +216,14 @@
</p>
<p>
I think these extra advantages are probably impossible to overcome at
-the moment — although I'm interested in research on distributing
+the moment—although I'm interested in research on distributing
big computational jobs over many machines.
</p>
+</div>
</div><!-- for id="content", starts in the include above -->
<!--#include virtual="/server/footer.html" -->
-<div id="footer">
+<div id="footer" role="contentinfo">
<div class="unprintable">
<p>Please send general FSF & GNU inquiries to
@@ -233,43 +241,26 @@
to <a href="mailto:web-translators@gnu.org";>
<web-translators@gnu.org></a>.</p>
- <p>For information on coordinating and submitting translations of
+ <p>For information on coordinating and contributing translations of
our web pages, see <a
href="/server/standards/README.translations.html">Translations
README</a>. -->
Please see the <a
href="/server/standards/README.translations.html">Translations
-README</a> for information on coordinating and submitting translations
+README</a> for information on coordinating and contributing translations
of this article.</p>
</div>
-<!-- Regarding copyright, in general, standalone pages (as opposed to
- files generated as part of manuals) on the GNU web server should
- be under CC BY-ND 3.0 US. Please do NOT change or remove this
- without talking with the webmasters or licensing team first.
- Please make sure the copyright date is consistent with the
- document. For web pages, it is ok to list just the latest year the
- document was modified, or published.
-
- If you wish to list earlier years, that is ok too.
- Either "2001, 2002, 2003" or "2001-2003" are ok for specifying
- years, as long as each year in the range is in fact a copyrightable
- year, i.e., a year in which the document was published (including
- being publicly visible on the web or in a revision control system).
-
- There is more detail about copyright years in the GNU Maintainers
- Information document, www.gnu.org/prep/maintain. -->
-
<p>This text is in the public domain.</p>
<!--#include virtual="/server/bottom-notes.html" -->
<p class="unprintable">Updated:
<!-- timestamp start -->
-$Date: 2015/08/19 09:00:49 $
+$Date: 2021/10/01 16:02:46 $
<!-- timestamp end -->
</p>
</div>
-</div>
+</div><!-- for class="inner", starts in the banner include -->
</body>
</html>
Index: po/luispo-rms-interview.fr-en.html
===================================================================
RCS file: /web/www/www/philosophy/po/luispo-rms-interview.fr-en.html,v
retrieving revision 1.45
retrieving revision 1.46
diff -u -b -r1.45 -r1.46
--- po/luispo-rms-interview.fr-en.html 24 Jun 2019 12:31:45 -0000 1.45
+++ po/luispo-rms-interview.fr-en.html 1 Oct 2021 16:02:46 -0000 1.46
@@ -1,22 +1,22 @@
<!--#include virtual="/server/header.html" -->
-<!-- Parent-Version: 1.79 -->
-<title>Interview: Richard M. Stallman
+<!-- Parent-Version: 1.96 -->
+<!-- This page is derived from /server/standards/boilerplate.html -->
+<!--#set var="TAGS" value="speeches" -->
+<!--#set var="DISABLE_TOP_ADDENDUM" value="yes" -->
+<title>Interview with Richard Stallman (2001)
- GNU Project - Free Software Foundation</title>
<style type="text/css" media="screen"><!--
-blockquote {
- font-style: italic;
- margin-top: 2em;
-}
+blockquote { font-style: italic; margin-top: 2em; }
--></style>
<!--#include virtual="/philosophy/po/luispo-rms-interview.translist" -->
<!--#include virtual="/server/banner.html" -->
-<h2>Interview: Richard M. Stallman</h2>
+<!--#include virtual="/philosophy/ph-breadcrumb.html" -->
+<!--GNUN: OUT-OF-DATE NOTICE-->
+<!--#include virtual="/server/top-addendum.html" -->
+<div class="article reduced-width">
+<h2>Interview with Richard Stallman (2001)</h2>
-<p>
-<i>This is an interview between Louis Suarez-Potts and Richard
-M. Stallman.</i>
-</p>
-<hr class="thin" />
+<address class="byline">conducted by Louis Suarez-Potts</address>
<p>
Richard M. Stallman is the most forceful and famous
@@ -241,7 +241,7 @@
<p>
Stallman did not respond to this query for clarification, but as it
- happened, a <a href="/events/rms-nyu-2001-transcript.txt">speech</a>
+ happened, a <a
href="/philosophy/rms-nyu-2001-transcript.html">speech</a>
he recently presented at New York University responded to
Microsoft's propaganda. The Free Software Foundation has presented a
<a href="/press/2001-05-04-GPL.html">defense</a>, of free software,
@@ -288,7 +288,7 @@
<p>
In the age of the printing press, that was true:
-<a
href="https://webarchive.nationalarchives.gov.uk/20140603093549/http://www.ipo.gov.uk/types/copy/c-about/c-history.htm";>copyright</a>
+<a
href="https://webarchive.nationalarchives.gov.uk/ukgwa/20140603100055/http://www.ipo.gov.uk/types/copy/c-about/c-history.htm";>copyright</a>
was an industrial restriction on publishers, requiring them to pay the
author of a book. It did not restrict the readers, because the actions
it restricted were things only a publisher could do.
@@ -381,10 +381,11 @@
<p>
I accomplish mirth. That's the hacker spirit—Ha Ha, Only Serious.
</p>
+</div>
</div><!-- for id="content", starts in the include above -->
<!--#include virtual="/server/footer.html" -->
-<div id="footer">
+<div id="footer" role="contentinfo">
<div class="unprintable">
<p>Please send general FSF & GNU inquiries to
@@ -402,13 +403,13 @@
to <a href="mailto:web-translators@gnu.org";>
<web-translators@gnu.org></a>.</p>
- <p>For information on coordinating and submitting translations of
+ <p>For information on coordinating and contributing translations of
our web pages, see <a
href="/server/standards/README.translations.html">Translations
README</a>. -->
Please see the <a
href="/server/standards/README.translations.html">Translations
-README</a> for information on coordinating and submitting translations
+README</a> for information on coordinating and contributing translations
of this article.</p>
</div>
@@ -429,7 +430,7 @@
There is more detail about copyright years in the GNU Maintainers
Information document, www.gnu.org/prep/maintain. -->
-<p>Copyright © 2001, 2007, 2013, 2016, 2019 Free Software Foundation,
Inc.</p>
+<p>Copyright © 2001, 2021 Free Software Foundation, Inc.</p>
<p>This page is licensed under a <a rel="license"
href="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nd/4.0/";>Creative
@@ -439,10 +440,10 @@
<p class="unprintable">Updated:
<!-- timestamp start -->
-$Date: 2019/06/24 12:31:45 $
+$Date: 2021/10/01 16:02:46 $
<!-- timestamp end -->
</p>
</div>
-</div>
+</div><!-- for class="inner", starts in the banner include -->
</body>
</html>
Index: po/not-ipr.fr-en.html
===================================================================
RCS file: /web/www/www/philosophy/po/not-ipr.fr-en.html,v
retrieving revision 1.44
retrieving revision 1.45
diff -u -b -r1.44 -r1.45
--- po/not-ipr.fr-en.html 15 Dec 2018 14:46:39 -0000 1.44
+++ po/not-ipr.fr-en.html 1 Oct 2021 16:02:46 -0000 1.45
@@ -1,22 +1,32 @@
<!--#include virtual="/server/header.html" -->
-<!-- Parent-Version: 1.86 -->
+<!-- Parent-Version: 1.96 -->
+<!-- This page is derived from /server/standards/boilerplate.html -->
+<!--#set var="TAGS" value="essays laws noip" -->
+<!--#set var="DISABLE_TOP_ADDENDUM" value="yes" -->
<title>Did You Say “Intellectual Property”? It's a Seductive
Mirage
- GNU Project - Free Software Foundation</title>
<!--#include virtual="/philosophy/po/not-ipr.translist" -->
<!--#include virtual="/server/banner.html" -->
+<!--#include virtual="/philosophy/ph-breadcrumb.html" -->
+<!--GNUN: OUT-OF-DATE NOTICE-->
+<!--#include virtual="/server/top-addendum.html" -->
+<div class="article reduced-width">
<h2>Did You Say “Intellectual Property”? It's a Seductive
Mirage</h2>
-<p>by <a href="http://www.stallman.org/";>Richard M. Stallman</a></p>
+<address class="byline">by
+<a href="https://www.stallman.org/";>Richard Stallman</a></address>
+<div class="introduction">
<p>
It has become fashionable to toss copyright, patents, and
trademarks—three separate and different entities involving three
separate and different sets of laws—plus a dozen other laws into
-one pot and call it “intellectual property”. The
+one pot and call it “intellectual property.” The
distorting and confusing term did not become common by accident.
Companies that gain from the confusion promoted it. The clearest way
out of the confusion is to reject the term entirely.
</p>
+</div>
<p>
According to Professor Mark Lemley, now of the Stanford Law School,
@@ -47,7 +57,7 @@
have proposed their own alternatives (often humorous). Suggestions
include IMPs, for Imposed Monopoly Privileges, and GOLEMs, for
Government-Originated Legally Enforced Monopolies. Some speak of
-“exclusive rights regimes”, but referring to restrictions
+“exclusive rights regimes,” but referring to restrictions
as “rights” is doublethink too.
</p>
@@ -87,7 +97,7 @@
Trademark law, by contrast, was not intended to promote any particular
way of acting, but simply to enable buyers to know what they are
buying. Legislators under the influence of the term “intellectual
-property”, however, have turned it into a scheme that provides
+property,” however, have turned it into a scheme that provides
incentives for advertising. And these are just
three out of many laws that the term refers to.
</p>
@@ -103,11 +113,11 @@
In practice, nearly all general statements you encounter that are
formulated using “intellectual property” will be false.
For instance, you'll see claims that “its” purpose is to
-“promote innovation”, but that only fits patent law and
+“promote innovation,” but that only fits patent law and
perhaps plant variety monopolies. Copyright law is not concerned with
innovation; a pop song or novel is copyrighted even if there is
nothing innovative about it. Trademark law is not concerned with
-innovation; if I start a tea store and call it “rms tea”,
+innovation; if I start a tea store and call it “rms tea,”
that would be a solid trademark even if I sell the same teas in the
same way as everyone else. Trade secret law is not concerned with
innovation, except tangentially; my list of tea customers would be a
@@ -115,7 +125,7 @@
<p>
You will also see assertions that “intellectual property”
-is concerned with “creativity”, but really that only fits
+is concerned with “creativity,” but really that only fits
copyright law. More than creativity is needed to make a patentable
invention. Trademark law and trade secret law have nothing to do with
creativity; the name “rms tea” isn't creative at all, and
@@ -130,13 +140,13 @@
practice often grab for that label because it has become familiar to
them. By using it, they misrepresent the nature of the issue. It
would be better to use an accurate term, such as “legislative
-colonization”, that gets to the heart of the matter.
+colonization,” that gets to the heart of the matter.
</p>
<p>
Laymen are not alone in being confused by this term. Even law
professors who teach these laws are lured and distracted by the
-seductiveness of the term “intellectual property”, and
+seductiveness of the term “intellectual property,” and
make general statements that conflict with facts they know. For
example, one professor wrote in 2006:
</p>
@@ -179,7 +189,7 @@
<p>
Another problem is that, at the broad scale implicit in the term
“intellectual
-property”, the specific issues raised by the various laws become
+property,” the specific issues raised by the various laws become
nearly invisible. These issues arise from the specifics of each
law—precisely what the term “intellectual property”
encourages people to ignore. For instance, one issue relating to
@@ -227,7 +237,7 @@
</p>
<p>And when it comes to reforming WIPO, here is <a
-href="http://fsfe.org/projects/wipo/wiwo.en.html";>one proposal for
+href="https://fsfe.org/activities/wipo/wiwo.en.html";>one proposal for
changing the name and substance of WIPO</a>.
</p>
@@ -241,23 +251,24 @@
<p>
Countries in Africa are a lot more similar than these laws, and
“Africa” is a coherent geographical concept; nonetheless,
-<a href="http://www.theguardian.com/world/2014/jan/24/africa-clinton";>
+<a href="https://www.theguardian.com/world/2014/jan/24/africa-clinton";>
talking about “Africa” instead of a specific country
causes lots of confusion</a>.
</p>
<p>
-<a
href="http://torrentfreak.com/language-matters-framing-the-copyright-monopoly-so-we-can-keep-our-liberties-130714/";>
+<a
href="https://torrentfreak.com/language-matters-framing-the-copyright-monopoly-so-we-can-keep-our-liberties-130714/";>
Rickard Falkvinge supports rejection of this term</a>.</p>
<p><a
href="http://www.locusmag.com/Perspectives/2016/11/cory-doctorow-sole-and-despotic-dominion/";>
Cory Doctorow also condemns</a> the term “intellectual
property.”</p>
+</div>
</div><!-- for id="content", starts in the include above -->
<!--#include virtual="/server/footer.html" -->
-<div id="footer">
+<div id="footer" role="contentinfo">
<div class="unprintable">
<p>Please send general FSF & GNU inquiries to
@@ -275,13 +286,13 @@
to <a href="mailto:web-translators@gnu.org";>
<web-translators@gnu.org></a>.</p>
- <p>For information on coordinating and submitting translations of
+ <p>For information on coordinating and contributing translations of
our web pages, see <a
href="/server/standards/README.translations.html">Translations
README</a>. -->
Please see the <a
href="/server/standards/README.translations.html">Translations
-README</a> for information on coordinating and submitting translations
+README</a> for information on coordinating and contributing translations
of this article.</p>
</div>
@@ -302,7 +313,7 @@
There is more detail about copyright years in the GNU Maintainers
Information document, www.gnu.org/prep/maintain. -->
-<p>Copyright © 2004, 2006, 2010, 2013, 2015, 2016, 2017, 2018 Richard M.
Stallman</p>
+<p>Copyright © 2004, 2006, 2010, 2013-2017, 2021 Richard Stallman</p>
<p>This page is licensed under a <a rel="license"
href="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nd/4.0/";>Creative
@@ -312,7 +323,7 @@
<p class="unprintable">Updated:
<!-- timestamp start -->
-$Date: 2018/12/15 14:46:39 $
+$Date: 2021/10/01 16:02:46 $
<!-- timestamp end -->
</p>
</div>
Index: po/phone-anonymous-payment.fr-en.html
===================================================================
RCS file: /web/www/www/philosophy/po/phone-anonymous-payment.fr-en.html,v
retrieving revision 1.2
retrieving revision 1.3
diff -u -b -r1.2 -r1.3
--- po/phone-anonymous-payment.fr-en.html 28 Jan 2019 13:58:48 -0000
1.2
+++ po/phone-anonymous-payment.fr-en.html 1 Oct 2021 16:02:46 -0000
1.3
@@ -1,12 +1,19 @@
<!--#include virtual="/server/header.html" -->
-<!-- Parent-Version: 1.86 -->
+<!-- Parent-Version: 1.96 -->
+<!-- This page is derived from /server/standards/boilerplate.html -->
+<!--#set var="TAGS" value="essays cultural evils" -->
+<!--#set var="DISABLE_TOP_ADDENDUM" value="yes" -->
<title>Anonymous Payment by Phone
- GNU Project - Free Software Foundation</title>
<!--#include virtual="/philosophy/po/phone-anonymous-payment.translist" -->
<!--#include virtual="/server/banner.html" -->
+<!--#include virtual="/philosophy/ph-breadcrumb.html" -->
+<!--GNUN: OUT-OF-DATE NOTICE-->
+<!--#include virtual="/server/top-addendum.html" -->
+<div class="article reduced-width">
<h2>Anonymous Payment by Phone</h2>
-<p>by Richard Stallman</p>
+<address class="byline">by Richard Stallman</address>
<p>Here is an idea for an anonymous payment system that would be useful
for some applications.</p>
@@ -25,10 +32,11 @@
<p>It should be possible to do this using a phone card on a payphone
or anyone else's telephone.</p>
+</div>
</div><!-- for id="content", starts in the include above -->
<!--#include virtual="/server/footer.html" -->
-<div id="footer">
+<div id="footer" role="contentinfo">
<div class="unprintable">
<p>Please send general FSF & GNU inquiries to
@@ -46,13 +54,13 @@
to <a href="mailto:web-translators@gnu.org";>
<web-translators@gnu.org></a>.</p>
- <p>For information on coordinating and submitting translations of
+ <p>For information on coordinating and contributing translations of
our web pages, see <a
href="/server/standards/README.translations.html">Translations
README</a>. -->
Please see the <a
href="/server/standards/README.translations.html">Translations
-README</a> for information on coordinating and submitting translations
+README</a> for information on coordinating and contributing translations
of this article.</p>
</div>
@@ -73,7 +81,7 @@
There is more detail about copyright years in the GNU Maintainers
Information document, www.gnu.org/prep/maintain. -->
-<p>Copyright © 2018, 2019 Free Software Foundation, Inc.</p>
+<p>Copyright © 2018, 2021 Free Software Foundation, Inc.</p>
<p>This page is licensed under a <a rel="license"
href="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nd/4.0/";>Creative
@@ -83,7 +91,7 @@
<p class="unprintable">Updated:
<!-- timestamp start -->
-$Date: 2019/01/28 13:58:48 $
+$Date: 2021/10/01 16:02:46 $
<!-- timestamp end -->
</p>
</div>
Index: po/practical.fr-en.html
===================================================================
RCS file: /web/www/www/philosophy/po/practical.fr-en.html,v
retrieving revision 1.26
retrieving revision 1.27
diff -u -b -r1.26 -r1.27
--- po/practical.fr-en.html 12 Apr 2014 13:59:31 -0000 1.26
+++ po/practical.fr-en.html 1 Oct 2021 16:02:46 -0000 1.27
@@ -1,15 +1,24 @@
<!--#include virtual="/server/header.html" -->
-<!-- Parent-Version: 1.77 -->
+<!-- Parent-Version: 1.96 -->
+<!-- This page is derived from /server/standards/boilerplate.html -->
+<!--#set var="TAGS" value="essays upholding action" -->
+<!--#set var="DISABLE_TOP_ADDENDUM" value="yes" -->
<title>The advantages of free software
- GNU Project - Free Software Foundation</title>
<!--#include virtual="/philosophy/po/practical.translist" -->
<!--#include virtual="/server/banner.html" -->
+<!--#include virtual="/philosophy/ph-breadcrumb.html" -->
+<!--GNUN: OUT-OF-DATE NOTICE-->
+<!--#include virtual="/server/top-addendum.html" -->
+<div class="article reduced-width">
<h2>The advantages of free software</h2>
-<p>by <strong>Richard Stallman</strong></p>
+<address class="byline">by Richard Stallman</address>
-<p><strong>People outside the free software movement frequently ask about
-the practical advantages of free software. It is a curious
question.</strong></p>
+<div class="introduction">
+<p><em>People outside the free software movement frequently ask about
+the practical advantages of free software. It is a curious question.</em></p>
+</div>
<p>Nonfree software is bad because it denies your freedom. Thus, asking
about the practical advantages of free software is like asking about
@@ -30,10 +39,11 @@
<p>Once you realize that that's what's at stake with nonfree software,
you won't need to ask what practical advantages free software has.</p>
+</div>
</div><!-- for id="content", starts in the include above -->
<!--#include virtual="/server/footer.html" -->
-<div id="footer">
+<div id="footer" role="contentinfo">
<div class="unprintable">
<p>Please send general FSF & GNU inquiries to
@@ -51,19 +61,19 @@
to <a href="mailto:web-translators@gnu.org";>
<web-translators@gnu.org></a>.</p>
- <p>For information on coordinating and submitting translations of
+ <p>For information on coordinating and contributing translations of
our web pages, see <a
href="/server/standards/README.translations.html">Translations
README</a>. -->
Please see the <a
href="/server/standards/README.translations.html">Translations
-README</a> for information on coordinating and submitting translations
+README</a> for information on coordinating and contributing translations
of this article.</p>
</div>
<!-- Regarding copyright, in general, standalone pages (as opposed to
files generated as part of manuals) on the GNU web server should
- be under CC BY-ND 3.0 US. Please do NOT change or remove this
+ be under CC BY-ND 4.0. Please do NOT change or remove this
without talking with the webmasters or licensing team first.
Please make sure the copyright date is consistent with the
document. For web pages, it is ok to list just the latest year the
@@ -78,20 +88,20 @@
There is more detail about copyright years in the GNU Maintainers
Information document, www.gnu.org/prep/maintain. -->
-<p>Copyright © 2010 Richard Stallman</p>
+<p>Copyright © 2010, 2021 Richard Stallman</p>
<p>This page is licensed under a <a rel="license"
-href="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nd/3.0/us/";>Creative
-Commons Attribution-NoDerivs 3.0 United States License</a>.</p>
+href="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nd/4.0/";>Creative
+Commons Attribution-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License</a>.</p>
<!--#include virtual="/server/bottom-notes.html" -->
<p class="unprintable">Updated:
<!-- timestamp start -->
-$Date: 2014/04/12 13:59:31 $
+$Date: 2021/10/01 16:02:46 $
<!-- timestamp end -->
</p>
</div>
-</div>
+</div><!-- for class="inner", starts in the banner include -->
</body>
</html>
Index: po/protecting.fr-en.html
===================================================================
RCS file: /web/www/www/philosophy/po/protecting.fr-en.html,v
retrieving revision 1.33
retrieving revision 1.34
diff -u -b -r1.33 -r1.34
--- po/protecting.fr-en.html 19 Aug 2015 09:00:49 -0000 1.33
+++ po/protecting.fr-en.html 1 Oct 2021 16:02:46 -0000 1.34
@@ -1,18 +1,23 @@
<!--#include virtual="/server/header.html" -->
-<!-- Parent-Version: 1.77 -->
-
-<title>Help Protect the Rights to Write Both Non-Free and Free Software - GNU
Project - Free Software Foundation</title>
-
+<!-- Parent-Version: 1.96 -->
+<!-- This page is derived from /server/standards/boilerplate.html -->
+<!--#set var="TAGS" value="essays laws patents" -->
+<!--#set var="DISABLE_TOP_ADDENDUM" value="yes" -->
+<title>Help Protect the Rights to Write Both Nonfree and Free Software - GNU
Project - Free Software Foundation</title>
<!--#include virtual="/philosophy/po/protecting.translist" -->
<!--#include virtual="/server/banner.html" -->
-
+<!--#include virtual="/philosophy/ph-breadcrumb.html" -->
+<!--GNUN: OUT-OF-DATE NOTICE-->
+<!--#include virtual="/server/top-addendum.html" -->
+<div class="article reduced-width">
<h2>Help Protect the Rights to Write Both Nonfree and Free Software</h2>
-<blockquote><p>
+<div class="infobox" style="font-style:italic"><p>
The League for Programming Freedom is inactive now and its website is archived.
-Please join our <a href="http://endsoftpatents.org";>End Software Patents</a>
+Please join our <a href="https://endsoftwarepatents.org";>End Software
Patents</a>
campaign!
-</p></blockquote>
+</p></div>
+<hr class="thin" />
<p>
The right to write both nonfree and free software is threatened by
@@ -51,11 +56,11 @@
problem until you or your employer is sued, but it is more prudent to
organize before that happens.
</p>
+</div>
</div><!-- for id="content", starts in the include above -->
-
<!--#include virtual="/server/footer.html" -->
-<div id="footer">
+<div id="footer" role="contentinfo">
<div class="unprintable">
<p>Please send general FSF & GNU inquiries to
@@ -73,13 +78,13 @@
to <a href="mailto:web-translators@gnu.org";>
<web-translators@gnu.org></a>.</p>
- <p>For information on coordinating and submitting translations of
+ <p>For information on coordinating and contributing translations of
our web pages, see <a
href="/server/standards/README.translations.html">Translations
README</a>. -->
Please see the <a
href="/server/standards/README.translations.html">Translations
-README</a> for information on coordinating and submitting translations
+README</a> for information on coordinating and contributing translations
of this article.</p>
</div>
@@ -100,8 +105,7 @@
There is more detail about copyright years in the GNU Maintainers
Information document, www.gnu.org/prep/maintain. -->
-<p>Copyright © 1996, 1997, 1998, 2007, 2008, 2013, 2015
-Free Software Foundation, Inc.</p>
+<p>Copyright © 1996-1998, 2007, 2021 Free Software Foundation, Inc.</p>
<p>This page is licensed under a <a rel="license"
href="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nd/4.0/";>Creative
@@ -111,10 +115,10 @@
<p class="unprintable">Updated:
<!-- timestamp start -->
-$Date: 2015/08/19 09:00:49 $
+$Date: 2021/10/01 16:02:46 $
<!-- timestamp end -->
</p>
</div>
-</div>
+</div><!-- for class="inner", starts in the banner include -->
</body>
</html>
Index: po/push-copyright-aside.fr-en.html
===================================================================
RCS file: /web/www/www/philosophy/po/push-copyright-aside.fr-en.html,v
retrieving revision 1.42
retrieving revision 1.43
diff -u -b -r1.42 -r1.43
--- po/push-copyright-aside.fr-en.html 15 Dec 2018 14:46:40 -0000 1.42
+++ po/push-copyright-aside.fr-en.html 1 Oct 2021 16:02:46 -0000 1.43
@@ -1,13 +1,21 @@
<!--#include virtual="/server/header.html" -->
-<!-- Parent-Version: 1.86 -->
+<!-- Parent-Version: 1.96 -->
+<!-- This page is derived from /server/standards/boilerplate.html -->
+<!--#set var="TAGS" value="essays laws copyright" -->
+<!--#set var="DISABLE_TOP_ADDENDUM" value="yes" -->
<title>Science must “push copyright aside”
- GNU Project - Free Software Foundation</title>
<!--#include virtual="/philosophy/po/push-copyright-aside.translist" -->
<!--#include virtual="/server/banner.html" -->
+<!--#include virtual="/philosophy/ph-breadcrumb.html" -->
+<!--GNUN: OUT-OF-DATE NOTICE-->
+<!--#include virtual="/server/top-addendum.html" -->
+<div class="article reduced-width">
<h2>Science must push copyright aside</h2>
-<p>by <strong>Richard M. Stallman</strong></p>
+<address class="byline">by Richard M. Stallman</address>
+<div class="introduction">
<p><em>Many points that lead to a conclusion that software freedom must be
universal often apply to other forms of expressive works, albeit in
different ways. This essay concerns the application of principles
@@ -16,9 +24,7 @@
include essays like this here since many people interested in Free
Software want to know more about how the principles can be applied to
areas other than software.</em></p>
-
-<p>(This article appeared in <em>Nature</em> magazine's
-<b>web</b>debates forum in 2001.)</p>
+</div>
<p>It should be a truism that the scientific literature exists to
disseminate scientific knowledge, and that scientific journals exist
@@ -54,7 +60,7 @@
that the purpose of scientific literature is to enable them to publish
journals so as to collect subscriptions from scientists and
students. Such thinking is known as “confusion of the means with
-the ends”.</p>
+the ends.”</p>
<p>Their approach has been to restrict access even to read the
scientific literature to those who can and will pay for it. They use
@@ -104,41 +110,49 @@
results by restricting access.</p>
<p>The US Constitution says that copyright exists “to promote
-the Progress of Science”. When copyright impedes the progress of
+the Progress of Science.” When copyright impedes the progress of
science, science must push copyright out of the way.</p>
-<hr />
+<hr class="column-limit" />
-Later developments:
+<h3 class="footnote">Later developments</h3>
<p>Some universities have adopted policies to thwart the journal
-publishers' power. For instance, here is MIT's.<br/>
+publishers' power. For instance, look at
<a
href="https://libraries.mit.edu/scholarly/mit-open-access/open-access-policy/";>
-https://libraries.mit.edu/scholarly/mit-open-access/open-access-policy/</a>.
+MIT Faculty Open Access Policy</a>.
Stronger policies are needed, however, as this one permits individual
-authors to "opt out" (i.e., cave in).</p>
+authors to “opt out” (i.e., cave in).</p>
-<p>The US government has imposed a requirement known as "public
-access" on some funded research. This requires publication within a
+<p>The US government has imposed a requirement known as “public
+access” on some funded research. This requires publication within a
certain period in a site that allows anyone to view the article. This
requirement is a positive step, but inadequate because it does not
include freedom to redistribute the article.</p>
-<p>Curiously, the concept of "open access" in the 2002 Budapest Open
+<p>Curiously, the concept of “open access” in the 2002 Budapest
Open
Access Initiative did include freedom to redistribute. I signed that
-declaration, despite my distaste for the word "open", because the
+declaration, despite my distaste for the word “open", because the
substance of the position was right.</p>
-<p>However, the word "open" had the last laugh: influential
-campaigners for "open access" subsequently dropped freedom to
+<p>However, the word “open” had the last laugh: influential
+campaigners for “open access” subsequently dropped freedom to
redistribute from their goals. I stand by the position of
-the <a href="http://www.budapestopenaccessinitiative.org/";>BOAI</a>, but now
that
-"open access" means something else, I refer to it as "redistributable
-publication" or "free-to-mirror publication".</p>
+the <a href="https://www.budapestopenaccessinitiative.org/";>BOAI</a>, but now
that
+“open access” means something else, I refer to it as
“redistributable
+publication” or “free-to-mirror publication.”</p>
+
+<div class="infobox extra" role="complementary">
+<hr />
+<p>This article appeared in <a
+href="https://web.archive.org/web/20050729110347/http://www.nature.com/nature/debates/e-access/Articles/stallman.html";>
+<cite>Nature WebDebates</cite></a> in 2001.</p>
+</div>
+</div>
</div><!-- for id="content", starts in the include above -->
<!--#include virtual="/server/footer.html" -->
-<div id="footer">
+<div id="footer" role="contentinfo">
<div class="unprintable">
<p>Please send general FSF & GNU inquiries to
@@ -156,13 +170,13 @@
to <a href="mailto:web-translators@gnu.org";>
<web-translators@gnu.org></a>.</p>
- <p>For information on coordinating and submitting translations of
+ <p>For information on coordinating and contributing translations of
our web pages, see <a
href="/server/standards/README.translations.html">Translations
README</a>. -->
Please see the <a
href="/server/standards/README.translations.html">Translations
-README</a> for information on coordinating and submitting translations
+README</a> for information on coordinating and contributing translations
of this article.</p>
</div>
@@ -183,7 +197,7 @@
There is more detail about copyright years in the GNU Maintainers
Information document, www.gnu.org/prep/maintain. -->
-<p>Copyright © 2001, 2012, 2015, 2016, 2017, 2018 Richard M. Stallman</p>
+<p>Copyright © 2001, 2010-2012, 2021 Richard M. Stallman</p>
<p>This page is licensed under a <a rel="license"
href="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nd/4.0/";>Creative
@@ -193,7 +207,7 @@
<p class="unprintable">Updated:
<!-- timestamp start -->
-$Date: 2018/12/15 14:46:40 $
+$Date: 2021/10/01 16:02:46 $
<!-- timestamp end -->
</p>
</div>
Index: po/self-interest.fr-en.html
===================================================================
RCS file: /web/www/www/philosophy/po/self-interest.fr-en.html,v
retrieving revision 1.35
retrieving revision 1.36
diff -u -b -r1.35 -r1.36
--- po/self-interest.fr-en.html 10 Nov 2020 17:37:38 -0000 1.35
+++ po/self-interest.fr-en.html 1 Oct 2021 16:02:46 -0000 1.36
@@ -1,16 +1,20 @@
<!--#include virtual="/server/header.html" -->
-<!-- Parent-Version: 1.92 -->
+<!-- Parent-Version: 1.96 -->
+<!-- This page is derived from /server/standards/boilerplate.html -->
+<!--#set var="TAGS" value="thirdparty" -->
+<!--#set var="DISABLE_TOP_ADDENDUM" value="yes" -->
<title>Self-Interest
- GNU Project - Free Software Foundation</title>
<!--#include virtual="/philosophy/po/self-interest.translist" -->
<!--#include virtual="/server/banner.html" -->
-<div class="reduced-width">
+<!--#include virtual="/philosophy/ph-breadcrumb.html" -->
+<!--GNUN: OUT-OF-DATE NOTICE-->
+<!--#include virtual="/server/top-addendum.html" -->
+<div class="article reduced-width">
<h2>Self-Interest</h2>
<address class="byline">by Loyd Fueston</address>
-<hr class="thin" />
-<div class="article">
<p>
Is Self-Interest Sufficient to Organize a Free Economy?</p>
@@ -57,7 +61,7 @@
a society organized to allow a high percentage of Americans to act in
such a way as to serve both their self-interest and some substantial
stock of moral principles. Not only our habits and customs, but also
-our positive laws — such as those of copyright — enter
+our positive laws—such as those of copyright—enter
into that organization of our society, for good or bad, but not in a
morally neutral manner.</p>
<p>
@@ -101,9 +105,9 @@
There are, of course, noneconomic values. Indeed, there are
<em>only</em> noneconomic values. Economics is not a value itself but
merely a method of trading off one value against another. If
-statements about ‘noneconomic values’ (or, more
-specifically, ‘social values’ or ‘human
-values’) are meant to deny the inherent reality of trade-offs,
+statements about “noneconomic values” (or, more
+specifically, “social values” or “human
+values”) are meant to deny the inherent reality of trade-offs,
or to exempt some particular value from the trade-off process, then
such selfless ideals can be no more effectively demonstrated than by
trading off financial gains in the interest of such ideals. This is an
@@ -115,7 +119,7 @@
some sort of moral power to self-interest; he was instead arguing
against those who think there should be an easy path to the reform of
a society which may have a particular moral defect. Those are two
-sides to the same coin — serving self-interest may put a person
+sides to the same coin—serving self-interest may put a person
in conflict with moral values and the attempt to serve moral values
may lead to some sacrifice of one's self-interest.</p>
<p>
@@ -130,23 +134,21 @@
the preservation of liberty in the society as a whole or the
preservation of a cooperative spirit within communities of
programmers, or maybe both of those at the same time.</p>
-</div>
+<div class="column-limit"></div>
-<div class="infobox">
-<h3>Footnotes</h3>
+<h3 class="footnote">Footnotes</h3>
<ol>
- <li id="fn1">Both quotes are from page 2 of “Adam Smith: In His Time and
-Ours”, Jerry Z. Muller, Princeton: Princeton University Press,
+ <li id="fn1">Both quotes are from page 2 of <cite>Adam Smith: In His Time and
+Ours</cite>, Jerry Z. Muller, Princeton: Princeton University Press,
1993.</li>
- <li id="fn2">From page 79 of “Knowledge & Decisions”,
+ <li id="fn2">From page 79 of <cite>Knowledge & Decisions</cite>,
Thomas Sowell, New York: Basic Books, 1980.</li>
</ol>
</div>
-</div>
</div><!-- for id="content", starts in the include above -->
<!--#include virtual="/server/footer.html" -->
-<div id="footer">
+<div id="footer" role="contentinfo">
<div class="unprintable">
<p>Please send general FSF & GNU inquiries to
@@ -164,33 +166,16 @@
to <a href="mailto:web-translators@gnu.org";>
<web-translators@gnu.org></a>.</p>
- <p>For information on coordinating and submitting translations of
+ <p>For information on coordinating and contributing translations of
our web pages, see <a
href="/server/standards/README.translations.html">Translations
README</a>. -->
Please see the <a
href="/server/standards/README.translations.html">Translations
-README</a> for information on coordinating and submitting translations
+README</a> for information on coordinating and contributing translations
of this article.</p>
</div>
-<!-- Regarding copyright, in general, standalone pages (as opposed to
- files generated as part of manuals) on the GNU web server should
- be under CC BY-ND 4.0. Please do NOT change or remove this
- without talking with the webmasters or licensing team first.
- Please make sure the copyright date is consistent with the
- document. For web pages, it is ok to list just the latest year the
- document was modified, or published.
-
- If you wish to list earlier years, that is ok too.
- Either "2001, 2002, 2003" or "2001-2003" are ok for specifying
- years, as long as each year in the range is in fact a copyrightable
- year, i.e., a year in which the document was published (including
- being publicly visible on the web or in a revision control system).
-
- There is more detail about copyright years in the GNU Maintainers
- Information document, www.gnu.org/prep/maintain. -->
-
<p>Copyright © 1998 Loyd
Fueston <a href="mailto:fueston@banet.net";><fueston@banet.net></a></p>
@@ -201,10 +186,10 @@
<p class="unprintable">Updated:
<!-- timestamp start -->
-$Date: 2020/11/10 17:37:38 $
+$Date: 2021/10/01 16:02:46 $
<!-- timestamp end -->
</p>
</div>
-</div>
+</div><!-- for class="inner", starts in the banner include -->
</body>
</html>
Index: po/sun-in-night-time.fr-en.html
===================================================================
RCS file: /web/www/www/philosophy/po/sun-in-night-time.fr-en.html,v
retrieving revision 1.32
retrieving revision 1.33
diff -u -b -r1.32 -r1.33
--- po/sun-in-night-time.fr-en.html 12 Apr 2014 13:59:51 -0000 1.32
+++ po/sun-in-night-time.fr-en.html 1 Oct 2021 16:02:46 -0000 1.33
@@ -1,24 +1,32 @@
<!--#include virtual="/server/header.html" -->
-<!-- Parent-Version: 1.77 -->
-
+<!-- Parent-Version: 1.96 -->
+<!-- This page is derived from /server/standards/boilerplate.html -->
+<!--#set var="TAGS" value="essays licensing traps" -->
+<!--#set var="DISABLE_TOP_ADDENDUM" value="yes" -->
<title>The Curious Incident of Sun in the Night-Time - GNU Project - Free
Software Foundation</title>
-
<!--#include virtual="/philosophy/po/sun-in-night-time.translist" -->
<!--#include virtual="/server/banner.html" -->
+<!--#include virtual="/philosophy/ph-breadcrumb.html" -->
+<!--GNUN: OUT-OF-DATE NOTICE-->
+<!--#include virtual="/server/top-addendum.html" -->
+<div class="article reduced-width">
<h2>The Curious Incident of Sun in the Night-Time</h2>
-<p><i>We leave this web page in place for the sake of history,
+<address class="byline">by <a href="https://www.stallman.org/";>Richard
+Stallman</a></address>
+
+<div class="infobox">
+<p>We leave this web page in place for the sake of history,
but as of December 2006, Sun is in the middle of <a
-href="http://www.fsf.org/news/fsf-welcomes-gpl-java.html";>rereleasing
+href="https://www.fsf.org/news/fsf-welcomes-gpl-java.html";>rereleasing
its Java platform under the GNU GPL</a>. When this license change is
-completed, we expect Sun's Java will be free software.</i></p>
+completed, we expect Sun's Java will be free software.</p>
+</div>
+<hr class="thin" />
- <p>
- by <a href="http://www.stallman.org/";>Richard M. Stallman</a><br />
- May 24, 2006.
- </p>
+<p><i>May 24, 2006</i></p>
<p>
Our community has been abuzz with the rumor that Sun has made
@@ -66,7 +74,7 @@
Sun's Java platform is free software, or even open source. It
only predicts that the platform will be “widely
available” on “leading open source
- platforms”. Available, that is, as proprietary
+ platforms.” Available, that is, as proprietary
software, on terms that deny your freedom.
</p>
@@ -76,7 +84,7 @@
announcements carefully. Ever since the term “open
source” was coined, we have seen companies find ways to
use it and their product name in the same sentence. (They
- don't seem to do this with “free software”,
+ don't seem to do this with “free software,”
though they could if they wanted to.) The careless reader
may note the two terms in proximity and falsely assume that
one talks about the other.
@@ -95,17 +103,18 @@
<p>
We in the GNU Project continue developing the
- <a href="http://gcc.gnu.org/java/";>GNU Compiler for Java and
- GNU Classpath</a>; we made great progress in the past year,
+ GNU Compiler for Java and
+ GNU Classpath; we made great progress in the past year,
so our free platform for Java is included in many major
GNU/Linux distros. If you want to run Java and have freedom,
please join in and help.
</p>
+</div>
</div><!-- for id="content", starts in the include above -->
<!--#include virtual="/server/footer.html" -->
-<div id="footer">
+<div id="footer" role="contentinfo">
<div class="unprintable">
<p>Please send general FSF & GNU inquiries to
@@ -123,30 +132,47 @@
to <a href="mailto:web-translators@gnu.org";>
<web-translators@gnu.org></a>.</p>
- <p>For information on coordinating and submitting translations of
+ <p>For information on coordinating and contributing translations of
our web pages, see <a
href="/server/standards/README.translations.html">Translations
README</a>. -->
Please see the <a
href="/server/standards/README.translations.html">Translations
-README</a> for information on coordinating and submitting translations
+README</a> for information on coordinating and contributing translations
of this article.</p>
</div>
-<p>Copyright © 2006 Richard M. Stallman</p>
+<!-- Regarding copyright, in general, standalone pages (as opposed to
+ files generated as part of manuals) on the GNU web server should
+ be under CC BY-ND 4.0. Please do NOT change or remove this
+ without talking with the webmasters or licensing team first.
+ Please make sure the copyright date is consistent with the
+ document. For web pages, it is ok to list just the latest year the
+ document was modified, or published.
+
+ If you wish to list earlier years, that is ok too.
+ Either "2001, 2002, 2003" or "2001-2003" are ok for specifying
+ years, as long as each year in the range is in fact a copyrightable
+ year, i.e., a year in which the document was published (including
+ being publicly visible on the web or in a revision control system).
+
+ There is more detail about copyright years in the GNU Maintainers
+ Information document, www.gnu.org/prep/maintain. -->
+
+<p>Copyright © 2006, 2021 Richard Stallman</p>
<p>This page is licensed under a <a rel="license"
-href="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nd/3.0/us/";>Creative
-Commons Attribution-NoDerivs 3.0 United States License</a>.</p>
+href="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nd/4.0/";>Creative
+Commons Attribution-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License</a>.</p>
<!--#include virtual="/server/bottom-notes.html" -->
<p class="unprintable">Updated:
<!-- timestamp start -->
-$Date: 2014/04/12 13:59:51 $
+$Date: 2021/10/01 16:02:46 $
<!-- timestamp end -->
</p>
</div>
-</div>
+</div><!-- for class="inner", starts in the banner include -->
</body>
</html>
Index: po/surveillance-testimony.fr-en.html
===================================================================
RCS file: /web/www/www/philosophy/po/surveillance-testimony.fr-en.html,v
retrieving revision 1.3
retrieving revision 1.4
diff -u -b -r1.3 -r1.4
--- po/surveillance-testimony.fr-en.html 15 Dec 2018 14:46:42 -0000
1.3
+++ po/surveillance-testimony.fr-en.html 1 Oct 2021 16:02:46 -0000
1.4
@@ -1,12 +1,21 @@
<!--#include virtual="/server/header.html" -->
-<!-- Parent-Version: 1.86 -->
+<!-- Parent-Version: 1.96 -->
+<!-- This page is derived from /server/standards/boilerplate.html -->
+<!--#set var="TAGS" value="essays cultural evils" -->
+<!--#set var="DISABLE_TOP_ADDENDUM" value="yes" -->
<title>Surveillance Testimony - GNU Project - Free Software Foundation</title>
<!--#include virtual="/philosophy/po/surveillance-testimony.translist" -->
<!--#include virtual="/server/banner.html" -->
+<!--#include virtual="/philosophy/ph-breadcrumb.html" -->
+<!--GNUN: OUT-OF-DATE NOTICE-->
+<!--#include virtual="/server/top-addendum.html" -->
+<div class="article reduced-width">
<h2>Surveillance Testimony</h2>
-<p><em>Richard Stallman's statement to the Cambridge City Council, Jan 22,
2018,
-about the proposed Cambridge surveillance ordinance.</em></p>
+<div class="infobox">
+<p>Richard Stallman's statement to the Cambridge City Council, Jan 22, 2018,
+about the proposed Cambridge surveillance ordinance.</p>
+</div>
<hr class="thin" />
<p><strong>Mayor McGovern:</strong> Thank you. Richard Stallman followed by
Elaine DeRosa.</p>
@@ -22,7 +31,7 @@
likely to raise concerns,” any recording of what is observed should be
assumed to raise civil liberties concerns.</p>
-<p>There's also a definition of “surveillance technology”, which I
think is
+<p>There's also a definition of “surveillance technology,” which I
think is
far too limited.</p>
<p>I suggest that any physical device or system including computers running
@@ -50,16 +59,17 @@
<p>And I think that same requirement should apply to any kind of surveillance
that hasn't gone through the regular process.</p>
-<p>[Item] number 9 talks about “persons injured in violation of the
Ordinance”,
+<p>[Item] number 9 talks about “persons injured in violation of the
Ordinance,”
but I don't think there's a definition of what it means to be injured.</p>
<p>I'd like to suggest that to be surveilled is to be injured.</p>
<p>Thank you.</p>
+</div>
</div><!-- for id="content", starts in the include above -->
<!--#include virtual="/server/footer.html" -->
-<div id="footer">
+<div id="footer" role="contentinfo">
<div class="unprintable">
<p>Please send general FSF & GNU inquiries to
@@ -77,13 +87,13 @@
to <a href="mailto:web-translators@gnu.org";>
<web-translators@gnu.org></a>.</p>
- <p>For information on coordinating and submitting translations of
+ <p>For information on coordinating and contributing translations of
our web pages, see <a
href="/server/standards/README.translations.html">Translations
README</a>. -->
Please see the <a
href="/server/standards/README.translations.html">Translations
-README</a> for information on coordinating and submitting translations
+README</a> for information on coordinating and contributing translations
of this article.</p>
</div>
@@ -104,7 +114,7 @@
There is more detail about copyright years in the GNU Maintainers
Information document, www.gnu.org/prep/maintain. -->
-<p>Copyright © 2018 Richard Stallman</p>
+<p>Copyright © 2018, 2021 Richard Stallman</p>
<p>This page is licensed under a <a rel="license"
href="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nd/4.0/";>Creative
@@ -114,7 +124,7 @@
<p class="unprintable">Updated:
<!-- timestamp start -->
-$Date: 2018/12/15 14:46:42 $
+$Date: 2021/10/01 16:02:46 $
<!-- timestamp end -->
</p>
</div>
Index: po/technological-neutrality.fr-en.html
===================================================================
RCS file: /web/www/www/philosophy/po/technological-neutrality.fr-en.html,v
retrieving revision 1.2
retrieving revision 1.3
diff -u -b -r1.2 -r1.3
--- po/technological-neutrality.fr-en.html 7 Nov 2014 09:27:25 -0000
1.2
+++ po/technological-neutrality.fr-en.html 1 Oct 2021 16:02:46 -0000
1.3
@@ -1,16 +1,24 @@
<!--#include virtual="/server/header.html" -->
-<!-- Parent-Version: 1.77 -->
+<!-- Parent-Version: 1.96 -->
+<!-- This page is derived from /server/standards/boilerplate.html -->
+<!--#set var="TAGS" value="essays upholding need" -->
+<!--#set var="DISABLE_TOP_ADDENDUM" value="yes" -->
<title>Technological Neutrality and Free Software
- GNU Project - Free Software Foundation</title>
<!--#include virtual="/philosophy/po/technological-neutrality.translist" -->
<!--#include virtual="/server/banner.html" -->
+<!--#include virtual="/philosophy/ph-breadcrumb.html" -->
+<!--GNUN: OUT-OF-DATE NOTICE-->
+<!--#include virtual="/server/top-addendum.html" -->
+<div class="article reduced-width">
<h2>Technological Neutrality and Free Software</h2>
-<p>by <a href="http://www.stallman.org/";>Richard Stallman</a></p>
+<address class="byline">by <a href="https://www.stallman.org/";>Richard
+Stallman</a></address>
<p>Proprietary developers arguing against laws to move towards free
software often claim this violates the principle of
-“technological neutrality”. The conclusion is wrong, but
+“technological neutrality.” The conclusion is wrong, but
where is the error?</p>
<p>Technological neutrality is the principle that the state should not
@@ -58,10 +66,11 @@
<p>When no ethical imperatives apply to a certain technical decision,
it can be left to the domain of technological neutrality.</p>
+</div>
</div><!-- for id="content", starts in the include above -->
<!--#include virtual="/server/footer.html" -->
-<div id="footer">
+<div id="footer" role="contentinfo">
<div class="unprintable">
<p>Please send general FSF & GNU inquiries to
@@ -79,19 +88,19 @@
to <a href="mailto:web-translators@gnu.org";>
<web-translators@gnu.org></a>.</p>
- <p>For information on coordinating and submitting translations of
+ <p>For information on coordinating and contributing translations of
our web pages, see <a
href="/server/standards/README.translations.html">Translations
README</a>. -->
Please see the <a
href="/server/standards/README.translations.html">Translations
-README</a> for information on coordinating and submitting translations
+README</a> for information on coordinating and contributing translations
of this article.</p>
</div>
<!-- Regarding copyright, in general, standalone pages (as opposed to
files generated as part of manuals) on the GNU web server should
- be under CC BY-ND 3.0 US. Please do NOT change or remove this
+ be under CC BY-ND 4.0. Please do NOT change or remove this
without talking with the webmasters or licensing team first.
Please make sure the copyright date is consistent with the
document. For web pages, it is ok to list just the latest year the
@@ -106,20 +115,20 @@
There is more detail about copyright years in the GNU Maintainers
Information document, www.gnu.org/prep/maintain. -->
-<p>Copyright © 2014 Free Software Foundation, Inc.</p>
+<p>Copyright © 2014, 2021 Free Software Foundation, Inc.</p>
<p>This page is licensed under a <a rel="license"
-href="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nd/3.0/us/";>Creative
-Commons Attribution-NoDerivs 3.0 United States License</a>.</p>
+href="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nd/4.0/";>Creative
+Commons Attribution-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License</a>.</p>
<!--#include virtual="/server/bottom-notes.html" -->
<p class="unprintable">Updated:
<!-- timestamp start -->
-$Date: 2014/11/07 09:27:25 $
+$Date: 2021/10/01 16:02:46 $
<!-- timestamp end -->
</p>
</div>
-</div>
+</div><!-- for class="inner", starts in the banner include -->
</body>
</html>
Index: po/the-root-of-this-problem.fr-en.html
===================================================================
RCS file: /web/www/www/philosophy/po/the-root-of-this-problem.fr-en.html,v
retrieving revision 1.30
retrieving revision 1.31
diff -u -b -r1.30 -r1.31
--- po/the-root-of-this-problem.fr-en.html 6 Oct 2020 17:31:00 -0000
1.30
+++ po/the-root-of-this-problem.fr-en.html 1 Oct 2021 16:02:46 -0000
1.31
@@ -1,9 +1,16 @@
<!--#include virtual="/server/header.html" -->
-<!-- Parent-Version: 1.90 -->
+<!-- Parent-Version: 1.96 -->
+<!-- This page is derived from /server/standards/boilerplate.html -->
+<!--#set var="TAGS" value="essays cultural evils" -->
+<!--#set var="DISABLE_TOP_ADDENDUM" value="yes" -->
<title>The Problem Is Software Controlled By Its Developer
- GNU Project - Free Software Foundation</title>
<!--#include virtual="/philosophy/po/the-root-of-this-problem.translist" -->
<!--#include virtual="/server/banner.html" -->
+<!--#include virtual="/philosophy/ph-breadcrumb.html" -->
+<!--GNUN: OUT-OF-DATE NOTICE-->
+<!--#include virtual="/server/top-addendum.html" -->
+<div class="article reduced-width">
<h2>The Problem Is Software Controlled By Its Developer</h2>
<address class="byline">by Richard Stallman</address>
@@ -33,7 +40,7 @@
<p>
It is true that a general computer lets you run programs designed to
-<a href="/philosophy/proprietary.html">spy on you, restrict you, or
+<a href="/proprietary/proprietary.html">spy on you, restrict you, or
even let the developer attack you</a>. Such programs include KaZaA,
RealPlayer, Adobe Flash Player, Windows Media Player, Microsoft
Windows, and MacOS. Windows Vista does all three of those things; it
@@ -55,7 +62,7 @@
books. Features that artificially obstruct use of your data are known
as Digital Restrictions Management (DRM); our protest campaign against
DRM is hosted
-at <a href="http://defectivebydesign.org";>http://defectivebydesign.org</a>.
(Our
+at <a href="https://www.defectivebydesign.org/";>defectivebydesign.org</a>. (Our
adversaries call DRM “Digital Rights Management” based on their
idea
that restricting you is their right. When you choose a term, you
choose your side.)</p>
@@ -137,9 +144,9 @@
should tackle the issue of the price deception that sells them.
If we are concerned about malware, we should insist on free
software that gives the users control.</p>
-
<div class="column-limit"></div>
-<h3 style="font-size: 1.2em">Postnote</h3>
+
+<h3 class="footnote">Postnote</h3>
<p>
Zittrain's suggestion to reduce the statute of limitations on software
@@ -159,21 +166,22 @@
of software. Since the patent system is created by statute,
eliminating patents from software will be easy given sufficient
political
-will. (See <a
href="http://www.endsoftpatents.org";>http://www.endsoftpatents.org</a>.)</p>
+will. (See <a href="https://endsoftwarepatents.org";>End Software
Patents</a>.)</p>
-<h3 style="font-size: 1.2em">Footnote</h3>
-
-<p id="note1">1. Windows Vista initially had a “kill switch” with
+<h3 class="footnote">Footnote</h3>
+<ol>
+<li id="note1">Windows Vista initially had a “kill switch” with
which Microsoft could remotely command the computer to stop
functioning. Microsoft
-subsequently <a
href="http://badvista.fsf.org/blog/windows-genuine-disadvantage";>removed
+subsequently <a
href="https://badvista.fsf.org/blog/windows-genuine-disadvantage/";>removed
this</a>, ceding to public pressure, but reserved the
-“right” to put it back in.
-</p>
+“right” to put it back in.</li>
+</ol>
+</div>
</div><!-- for id="content", starts in the include above -->
<!--#include virtual="/server/footer.html" -->
-<div id="footer">
+<div id="footer" role="contentinfo">
<div class="unprintable">
<p>Please send general FSF & GNU inquiries to
@@ -191,17 +199,34 @@
to <a href="mailto:web-translators@gnu.org";>
<web-translators@gnu.org></a>.</p>
- <p>For information on coordinating and submitting translations of
+ <p>For information on coordinating and contributing translations of
our web pages, see <a
href="/server/standards/README.translations.html">Translations
README</a>. -->
Please see the <a
href="/server/standards/README.translations.html">Translations
-README</a> for information on coordinating and submitting translations
+README</a> for information on coordinating and contributing translations
of this article.</p>
</div>
-<p>Copyright © 2008, 2010, 2017, 2018, 2019, 2020 Richard M. Stallman</p>
+<!-- Regarding copyright, in general, standalone pages (as opposed to
+ files generated as part of manuals) on the GNU web server should
+ be under CC BY-ND 4.0. Please do NOT change or remove this
+ without talking with the webmasters or licensing team first.
+ Please make sure the copyright date is consistent with the
+ document. For web pages, it is ok to list just the latest year the
+ document was modified, or published.
+
+ If you wish to list earlier years, that is ok too.
+ Either "2001, 2002, 2003" or "2001-2003" are ok for specifying
+ years, as long as each year in the range is in fact a copyrightable
+ year, i.e., a year in which the document was published (including
+ being publicly visible on the web or in a revision control system).
+
+ There is more detail about copyright years in the GNU Maintainers
+ Information document, www.gnu.org/prep/maintain. -->
+
+<p>Copyright © 2008, 2010, 2014, 2021 Richard Stallman</p>
<p>This page is licensed under a <a rel="license"
href="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nd/4.0/";>Creative
@@ -211,7 +236,7 @@
<p class="unprintable">Updated:
<!-- timestamp start -->
-$Date: 2020/10/06 17:31:00 $
+$Date: 2021/10/01 16:02:46 $
<!-- timestamp end -->
</p>
</div>
Index: po/ubuntu-spyware.fr-en.html
===================================================================
RCS file: /web/www/www/philosophy/po/ubuntu-spyware.fr-en.html,v
retrieving revision 1.31
retrieving revision 1.32
diff -u -b -r1.31 -r1.32
--- po/ubuntu-spyware.fr-en.html 6 Oct 2020 17:31:00 -0000 1.31
+++ po/ubuntu-spyware.fr-en.html 1 Oct 2021 16:02:46 -0000 1.32
@@ -1,16 +1,22 @@
<!--#include virtual="/server/header.html" -->
-<!-- Parent-Version: 1.90 -->
+<!-- Parent-Version: 1.96 -->
+<!-- This page is derived from /server/standards/boilerplate.html -->
+<!--#set var="TAGS" value="essays cultural evils" -->
+<!--#set var="DISABLE_TOP_ADDENDUM" value="yes" -->
<title>Ubuntu Spyware: What to Do?
- GNU Project - Free Software Foundation</title>
<!--#include virtual="/philosophy/po/ubuntu-spyware.translist" -->
<!--#include virtual="/server/banner.html" -->
+<!--#include virtual="/philosophy/ph-breadcrumb.html" -->
+<!--GNUN: OUT-OF-DATE NOTICE-->
+<!--#include virtual="/server/top-addendum.html" -->
+<div class="article reduced-width">
<h2>Ubuntu Spyware: What to Do?</h2>
<address class="byline">by
-<a href="http://www.stallman.org/";>Richard Stallman</a></address>
-<hr class="thin" />
+<a href="https://www.stallman.org/";>Richard Stallman</a></address>
-<blockquote>
+<div class="introduction">
<p>Since <a
href="http://fossbytes.com/the-spyware-feature-in-ubuntu-will-be-disabled-in-ubuntu-16-04-xenial-xerus/";>Ubuntu
version 16.04</a>, the spyware search facility is now disabled by
default. It appears that the campaign of pressure launched by this
@@ -25,8 +31,7 @@
page has partly changed, the page is still important. This example
should teach our community not to do such things again, but in order
for that to happen, we must continue to talk about it.</p>
-</blockquote>
-<div class="column-limit"></div>
+</div>
<p>One of the major advantages of free software is that the community
protects users from malicious software. Now
@@ -81,7 +86,7 @@
<p>Ubuntu uses the information about searches to show the user ads to buy
various things from Amazon.
- <a href="http://stallman.org/amazon.html";>Amazon commits many
+ <a href="https://stallman.org/amazon.html";>Amazon commits many
wrongs</a>; by promoting Amazon, Canonical contributes to them.
However, the ads are not the core of the problem. The main issue is
the spying. Canonical says it does not tell Amazon who searched for
@@ -161,16 +166,17 @@
the other form of negative influence that Ubuntu exerts in the free
software community: legitimizing nonfree software.</p>
-<blockquote class="important">
+<div class="important">
<p>
The presence of nonfree software in Ubuntu is a separate ethical
issue. For Ubuntu to be ethical, that too must be fixed.
</p>
-</blockquote>
+</div>
+</div>
</div><!-- for id="content", starts in the include above -->
<!--#include virtual="/server/footer.html" -->
-<div id="footer">
+<div id="footer" role="contentinfo">
<div class="unprintable">
<p>Please send general FSF & GNU inquiries to
@@ -188,13 +194,13 @@
to <a href="mailto:web-translators@gnu.org";>
<web-translators@gnu.org></a>.</p>
- <p>For information on coordinating and submitting translations of
+ <p>For information on coordinating and contributing translations of
our web pages, see <a
href="/server/standards/README.translations.html">Translations
README</a>. -->
Please see the <a
href="/server/standards/README.translations.html">Translations
-README</a> for information on coordinating and submitting translations
+README</a> for information on coordinating and contributing translations
of this article.</p>
</div>
@@ -215,7 +221,7 @@
There is more detail about copyright years in the GNU Maintainers
Information document, www.gnu.org/prep/maintain. -->
-<p>Copyright © 2012, 2016, 2017, 2018, 2019, 2020 Richard Stallman</p>
+<p>Copyright © 2012, 2014, 2016, 2021 Richard Stallman</p>
<p>This page is licensed under a <a rel="license"
href="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nd/4.0/";>Creative
@@ -225,7 +231,7 @@
<p class="unprintable">Updated:
<!-- timestamp start -->
-$Date: 2020/10/06 17:31:00 $
+$Date: 2021/10/01 16:02:46 $
<!-- timestamp end -->
</p>
</div>
Index: po/ucita.fr-en.html
===================================================================
RCS file: /web/www/www/philosophy/po/ucita.fr-en.html,v
retrieving revision 1.45
retrieving revision 1.46
diff -u -b -r1.45 -r1.46
--- po/ucita.fr-en.html 13 Apr 2019 14:30:06 -0000 1.45
+++ po/ucita.fr-en.html 1 Oct 2021 16:02:46 -0000 1.46
@@ -1,10 +1,18 @@
<!--#include virtual="/server/header.html" -->
-<!-- Parent-Version: 1.86 -->
+<!-- Parent-Version: 1.96 -->
+<!-- This page is derived from /server/standards/boilerplate.html -->
+<!--#set var="TAGS" value="essays upholding action" -->
+<!--#set var="DISABLE_TOP_ADDENDUM" value="yes" -->
<title>Why We Must Fight UCITA - GNU Project
- Free Software Foundation</title>
<!--#include virtual="/philosophy/po/ucita.translist" -->
<!--#include virtual="/server/banner.html" -->
+<!--#include virtual="/philosophy/ph-breadcrumb.html" -->
+<!--GNUN: OUT-OF-DATE NOTICE-->
+<!--#include virtual="/server/top-addendum.html" -->
+<div class="article reduced-width">
<h2>Why We Must Fight UCITA</h2>
+<div class="thin"></div>
<p>
UCITA is a proposed law, designed by the proprietary software
@@ -51,7 +59,7 @@
<p>
That could be a disastrous obstacle for development of free software
that can serve users' practical needs, because communicating with
-users of non-free software is one of those needs. Many users today
+users of nonfree software is one of those needs. Many users today
feel that they must run Windows, simply so they can read and write
files in Word format. Microsoft's “Halloween documents”
announced a plan to use secret formats and protocols as a weapon to
@@ -62,11 +70,11 @@
prosecute 16-year-old Jon Johansen, who figured out the format of DVDs
to make it possible to write free software to play them on free
operating systems. (The Electronic Frontier Foundation is helping
-with his defense; see <a href="http://www.eff.org/";>http://www.eff.org</a>
+with his defense; see <a href="https://www.eff.org/";>eff.org</a>
for further information.)</p>
<p>
Some friends of free software have argued that UCITA would benefit our
-community, by making non-free software intolerably restrictive, and
+community, by making nonfree software intolerably restrictive, and
thus driving users to us. Realistically speaking, this is unlikely,
because it assumes that proprietary software developers will act
against their own interests. They may be greedy and ruthless, but
@@ -107,17 +115,17 @@
later.</p>
<p>
For more information about UCITA, see
-<a
href="http://web.archive.org/web/20000520080750/http://www.badsoftware.com/uccindex.htm";>http://www.badsoftware.com
-[Archived Page]</a> or read the UCITA page on
-Wikipedia: <a
href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uniform_Computer_Information_Transactions_Act";>
-http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uniform_Computer_Information_Transactions_Act</a>.
</p>
+<a
href="https://web.archive.org/web/20000520080750/http://www.badsoftware.com/uccindex.htm";>
+badsoftware.com [Archived Page]</a> or read the <a
+href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uniform_Computer_Information_Transactions_Act";>
+UCITA page on Wikipedia</a>. </p>
<!-- Link broken as of 21 Oct 2012
InfoWorld magazine is also helping to fight
against UCITA; see
<a
href="http://archive.infoworld.com/cgi-bin/displayStory.pl?/features/990531ucita_home.htm";>
http://archive.infoworld.com/cgi-bin/displayStory.pl?/features/990531ucita_home.htm</a>
-->
-<h4>Notes</h4>
+<h3 class="footnote">Notes</h3>
<ol>
<li id="Note1">Other people have been using the term “open
source” to describe a similar category of software. I use the
@@ -126,12 +134,12 @@
replaced or absorbed us.
<p>
If you value your freedom as well as your convenience, I suggest you
-use the term “free software”, not “open
-source”, to describe your own work, so as to stand up clearly
+use the term “free software,” not “open
+source,” to describe your own work, so as to stand up clearly
for your values.</p>
<p>
If you value accuracy, please use the term “free
-software”, not “open source”, to describe the work
+software,” not “open source,” to describe the work
of the Free Software Movement. The GNU operating system, its
GNU/Linux variant, the many GNU software packages, and the GNU GPL,
are all primarily the work of the Free Software Movement. The
@@ -139,13 +147,13 @@
views, but they should not do so on the basis of our achievements.</p>
<p>
See <a href="/philosophy/open-source-misses-the-point.html">
-http://www.gnu.org/philosophy/open-source-misses-the-point.html</a> for
+gnu.org/philosophy/open-source-misses-the-point.html</a> for
more explanation.</p></li>
-<li id="Note2">The system is often called “Linux”, but
+<li id="Note2">The system is often called “Linux,” but
properly speaking Linux is actually the kernel, one major component of
the system (see
-<a
href="/gnu/linux-and-gnu.html">http://www.gnu.org/gnu/linux-and-gnu.html</a>).</li>
+<a href="/gnu/linux-and-gnu.html">gnu.org/gnu/linux-and-gnu.html</a>).</li>
<li id="Note3">The Maryland lower house has approved UCITA; there is a
push to get the state senate to approve it before the end of the
@@ -160,31 +168,31 @@
forward this message to that person and ask for per support.</p></li>
</ol>
-<hr />
-<p style="text-align:center">
+<hr class="column-limit" />
+<p class="c">
If you support the anti UCITA campaign, <em>please make prominent links to
this page, http://www.4cite.org [closed].</em>
</p>
-<hr />
-<h4>Links to other articles</h4>
-<ul>
+<hr class="column-limit" />
+<h3 class="footnote">Links to other articles</h3>
+<ul style="font-size: 1rem">
<li><a
href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160322150920/http://www.ieeeusa.org/policy/issues/UCITA";>IEEE
supports the movement to oppose UCITA [Archived Page]</a></li>
<li><a
href="https://www.computerworld.com/article/2593115/cios-join-fight-to-kill-ucita.html";>CIOs
join fight to kill UCITA</a></li>
- <li><a
href="http://web.archive.org/web/20010818101424/http://interlog.com/~cjazz/bnews7.htm";>Anti
+ <li><a
href="https://web.archive.org/web/20010818101424/http://interlog.com/~cjazz/bnews7.htm";>Anti
UCITA, and other interesting links maintained by Citizens on the Web
[Archived Page]</a>
</li>
-
</ul>
+</div>
</div><!-- for id="content", starts in the include above -->
<!--#include virtual="/server/footer.html" -->
-<div id="footer">
+<div id="footer" role="contentinfo">
<div class="unprintable">
<p>Please send general FSF & GNU inquiries to
@@ -202,13 +210,13 @@
to <a href="mailto:web-translators@gnu.org";>
<web-translators@gnu.org></a>.</p>
- <p>For information on coordinating and submitting translations of
+ <p>For information on coordinating and contributing translations of
our web pages, see <a
href="/server/standards/README.translations.html">Translations
README</a>. -->
Please see the <a
href="/server/standards/README.translations.html">Translations
-README</a> for information on coordinating and submitting translations
+README</a> for information on coordinating and contributing translations
of this article.</p>
</div>
@@ -229,7 +237,7 @@
There is more detail about copyright years in the GNU Maintainers
Information document, www.gnu.org/prep/maintain. -->
-<p>Copyright © 2000, 2008, 2013, 2016, 2017, 2018, 2019 Free Software
Foundation, Inc.</p>
+<p>Copyright © 2000, 2008, 2021 Free Software Foundation, Inc.</p>
<p>This page is licensed under a <a rel="license"
href="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nd/4.0/";>Creative
@@ -239,7 +247,7 @@
<p class="unprintable">Updated:
<!-- timestamp start -->
-$Date: 2019/04/13 14:30:06 $
+$Date: 2021/10/01 16:02:46 $
<!-- timestamp end -->
</p>
</div>
Index: po/who-does-that-server-really-serve.fr-en.html
===================================================================
RCS file:
/web/www/www/philosophy/po/who-does-that-server-really-serve.fr-en.html,v
retrieving revision 1.49
retrieving revision 1.50
diff -u -b -r1.49 -r1.50
--- po/who-does-that-server-really-serve.fr-en.html 18 Dec 2020 18:30:03
-0000 1.49
+++ po/who-does-that-server-really-serve.fr-en.html 1 Oct 2021 16:02:46
-0000 1.50
@@ -1,22 +1,25 @@
<!--#include virtual="/server/header.html" -->
-<!-- Parent-Version: 1.86 -->
+<!-- Parent-Version: 1.96 -->
+<!-- This page is derived from /server/standards/boilerplate.html -->
+<!--#set var="TAGS" value="essays cultural ns" -->
+<!--#set var="DISABLE_TOP_ADDENDUM" value="yes" -->
<title>Who Does That Server Really Serve?
- GNU Project - Free Software Foundation</title>
-
<!--#include
virtual="/philosophy/po/who-does-that-server-really-serve.translist" -->
<!--#include virtual="/server/banner.html" -->
-
+<!--#include virtual="/philosophy/ph-breadcrumb.html" -->
+<!--GNUN: OUT-OF-DATE NOTICE-->
+<!--#include virtual="/server/top-addendum.html" -->
+<div class="article reduced-width">
<h2>Who does that server really serve?</h2>
-<p>by <strong>Richard Stallman</strong></p>
-
-<blockquote><p>(The first version was published
-in <a href="http://www.bostonreview.net/richard-stallman-free-software-DRM";>
-Boston Review</a>.)</p></blockquote>
+<address class="byline">by Richard Stallman</address>
-<p><strong>On the Internet, proprietary software isn't the only way to
+<div class="introduction">
+<p><em>On the Internet, proprietary software isn't the only way to
lose your computing freedom. Service as a Software Substitute, or SaaSS, is
-another way to give someone else power over your computing.</strong></p>
+another way to give someone else power over your computing.</em></p>
+</div>
<p>The basic point is, you can have control over a program someone
else wrote (if it's free), but you can never have control over a
@@ -28,7 +31,7 @@
substitute for running your copy of a program. The term is ours;
articles and ads won't use it, and they won't tell you whether a
service is SaaSS. Instead they will probably use the vague and
-distracting term “cloud”, which lumps SaaSS together with
+distracting term “cloud,” which lumps SaaSS together with
various other practices, some abusive and some ok. With the
explanation and examples in this page, you can tell whether a service
is SaaSS.</p>
@@ -41,7 +44,7 @@
control because the owner (a company such as Apple or Microsoft)
controls it. The owner often takes advantage of this unjust power by
inserting malicious features such as spyware, back doors, and <a
-href="http://DefectiveByDesign.org";>Digital Restrictions Management
+href="https://www.defectivebydesign.org";>Digital Restrictions Management
(DRM)</a> (referred to as “Digital Rights Management” in
their propaganda).</p>
@@ -76,7 +79,7 @@
<p>What does it mean to say that a given computing activity
is <em>your own</em>? It means that no one else is inherently
involved in it. To clarify the meaning of “inherently
-involved”, we present a thought experiment. Suppose that any
+involved,” we present a thought experiment. Suppose that any
free software you might need for the job is available to you, and
whatever data you might need, as well as computers of whatever speed,
functionality and capacity might be required. Could you do this
@@ -125,9 +128,8 @@
nature of SaaSS. Amy Webb, who intended never to post any photos of
her daughter, made the mistake of using SaaSS (Instagram) to edit
photos of her. Eventually
-<a
href="http://www.slate.com/articles/technology/data_mine_1/2013/09/privacy_facebook_kids_don_t_post_photos_of_your_kids_on_social_media.html";>
they
-leaked from there</a>.
-</p>
+<a
href="https://slate.com/technology/2013/09/privacy-facebook-kids-dont-post-photos-of-your-kids-on-social-media.html";>
+they leaked from there</a>.</p>
<p>Theoretically, homomorphic encryption might some day advance to the
point where future SaaSS services might be constructed to be unable to
@@ -158,8 +160,8 @@
<h3>SaaSS and SaaS</h3>
<p>Originally we referred to this problematical practice as
-“SaaS”, which stands for “Software as a
-Service”. It's a commonly used term for setting up software on a
+“SaaS,” which stands for “Software as a
+Service.” It's a commonly used term for setting up software on a
server rather than offering copies of it to users, and we thought it
described precisely the cases where this problem occurs.</p>
@@ -167,7 +169,7 @@
communication services—activities for which this issue is not
applicable. In addition, the term “Software as a Service”
doesn't explain <em>why</em> the practice is bad. So we coined the term
-“Service as a Software Substitute”, which defines the bad
+“Service as a Software Substitute,” which defines the bad
practice more clearly and says what is bad about it.</p>
<h3>Untangling the SaaSS Issue from the Proprietary Software Issue</h3>
@@ -216,7 +218,7 @@
to do your own computing on data provided by you.</p>
<p>This issue demonstrates the depth of the difference between
-“open” and “free”. Source code that is open
+“open” and “free.” Source code that is open
source <a href="/philosophy/free-open-overlap.html">is, nearly always,
free</a>. However, the idea of
an <a href="https://opendefinition.org/ossd/";>“open
@@ -271,8 +273,7 @@
software; it requires running nonfree JavaScript code; and it gives
users a misleading impression of privacy while luring them into baring
their lives to Facebook. Those are important issues, different from
-the SaaSS issue.
-</p>
+the SaaSS issue.</p>
<p>Services such as search engines collect data from around the web
and let you examine it. Looking through their collection of data
@@ -406,7 +407,7 @@
using servers. For instance, we can create a peer-to-peer program
through which collaborators can share data encrypted. The free
software community should develop distributed peer-to-peer
-replacements for important “web applications”. It may be
+replacements for important “web applications.” It may be
wise to release them under
the <a href="/licenses/why-affero-gpl.html"> GNU Affero GPL</a>, since
they are likely candidates for being converted into server-based
@@ -416,19 +417,29 @@
<p>In the meantime, if a company invites you to use its server to do
your own computing tasks, don't yield; don't use SaaSS. Don't buy or
-install “thin clients”, which are simply computers so weak
+install “thin clients,” which are simply computers so weak
they make you do the real work on a server, unless you're going to use
them with <em>your</em> server. Use a real computer and keep your
data there. Do your own computing with your own copy of a free
program, for your freedom's sake.</p>
-<h3>See also:</h3>
-<p><a href="/philosophy/bug-nobody-allowed-to-understand.html">The
+<div class="announcement comment" role="complementary">
+<p>See also:
+<a href="/philosophy/bug-nobody-allowed-to-understand.html">The
Bug Nobody is Allowed to Understand</a>.</p>
+</div>
+
+<div class="infobox extra" role="complementary">
+<hr />
+<p>The first version of this article was published
+in the <a
href="http://www.bostonreview.net/richard-stallman-free-software-DRM";>
+Boston Review</a>.</p>
+</div>
+</div>
</div><!-- for id="content", starts in the include above -->
<!--#include virtual="/server/footer.html" -->
-<div id="footer">
+<div id="footer" role="contentinfo">
<div class="unprintable">
<p>Please send general FSF & GNU inquiries to
@@ -446,13 +457,13 @@
to <a href="mailto:web-translators@gnu.org";>
<web-translators@gnu.org></a>.</p>
- <p>For information on coordinating and submitting translations of
+ <p>For information on coordinating and contributing translations of
our web pages, see <a
href="/server/standards/README.translations.html">Translations
README</a>. -->
Please see the <a
href="/server/standards/README.translations.html">Translations
-README</a> for information on coordinating and submitting translations
+README</a> for information on coordinating and contributing translations
of this article.</p>
</div>
@@ -473,7 +484,7 @@
There is more detail about copyright years in the GNU Maintainers
Information document, www.gnu.org/prep/maintain. -->
-<p>Copyright © 2010, 2013, 2015, 2016, 2018, 2020 Richard Stallman</p>
+<p>Copyright © 2010, 2013, 2015, 2016, 2018, 2020, 2021 Richard
Stallman</p>
<p>This page is licensed under a <a rel="license"
href="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nd/4.0/";>Creative
@@ -483,7 +494,7 @@
<p class="unprintable">Updated:
<!-- timestamp start -->
-$Date: 2020/12/18 18:30:03 $
+$Date: 2021/10/01 16:02:46 $
<!-- timestamp end -->
</p>
</div>
Index: po/wsis-2003.fr-en.html
===================================================================
RCS file: /web/www/www/philosophy/po/wsis-2003.fr-en.html,v
retrieving revision 1.33
retrieving revision 1.34
diff -u -b -r1.33 -r1.34
--- po/wsis-2003.fr-en.html 12 Apr 2014 14:00:11 -0000 1.33
+++ po/wsis-2003.fr-en.html 1 Oct 2021 16:02:46 -0000 1.34
@@ -1,14 +1,20 @@
<!--#include virtual="/server/header.html" -->
-<!-- Parent-Version: 1.77 -->
+<!-- Parent-Version: 1.96 -->
+<!-- This page is derived from /server/standards/boilerplate.html -->
+<!--#set var="TAGS" value="essays cultural society" -->
+<!--#set var="DISABLE_TOP_ADDENDUM" value="yes" -->
<title>Stallman's Speech at WSIS, 16 July 2003
- GNU Project - Free Software Foundation</title>
<!--#include virtual="/philosophy/po/wsis-2003.translist" -->
<!--#include virtual="/server/banner.html" -->
+<!--#include virtual="/philosophy/ph-breadcrumb.html" -->
+<!--GNUN: OUT-OF-DATE NOTICE-->
+<!--#include virtual="/server/top-addendum.html" -->
+<div class="article reduced-width">
<h2>Speech at WSIS, 16 July 2003</h2>
-<p>
-by <a href="http://www.stallman.org/";><strong>Richard Stallman</strong></a>
-</p>
+<address class="byline">by <a href="https://www.stallman.org/";>Richard
+Stallman</a></address>
<p>
The benefit of computers is that it's easier to copy and manipulate
@@ -44,12 +50,12 @@
<p>
Computer users need software that respects their freedom. We call it
-“free (libre) software”, meaning freedom, not gratis. You
+“free (libre) software,” meaning freedom, not gratis. You
have the freedom to run it, study it, change it, and redistribute
it.</p>
<p>
-Free software means you control your computing. With non-free
+Free software means you control your computing. With nonfree
software, the software owners control it. They put in spy features,
back doors, restrictions.</p>
@@ -66,7 +72,7 @@
software, users can make it follow standards.</p>
<p>
-You need free software to train master programmers. Non-free software
+You need free software to train master programmers. Nonfree software
is a secret, so nobody can learn from it. Free software gives
talented young people in Africa the chance to learn how to work on
real software. School should also teach students the spirit of
@@ -77,10 +83,11 @@
in your country uses a program that's secret and controlled by a
single company, that's not development, that's electronic
colonization.</p>
+</div>
</div><!-- for id="content", starts in the include above -->
<!--#include virtual="/server/footer.html" -->
-<div id="footer">
+<div id="footer" role="contentinfo">
<div class="unprintable">
<p>Please send general FSF & GNU inquiries to
@@ -98,19 +105,19 @@
to <a href="mailto:web-translators@gnu.org";>
<web-translators@gnu.org></a>.</p>
- <p>For information on coordinating and submitting translations of
+ <p>For information on coordinating and contributing translations of
our web pages, see <a
href="/server/standards/README.translations.html">Translations
README</a>. -->
Please see the <a
href="/server/standards/README.translations.html">Translations
-README</a> for information on coordinating and submitting translations
+README</a> for information on coordinating and contributing translations
of this article.</p>
</div>
<!-- Regarding copyright, in general, standalone pages (as opposed to
files generated as part of manuals) on the GNU web server should
- be under CC BY-ND 3.0 US. Please do NOT change or remove this
+ be under CC BY-ND 4.0. Please do NOT change or remove this
without talking with the webmasters or licensing team first.
Please make sure the copyright date is consistent with the
document. For web pages, it is ok to list just the latest year the
@@ -125,20 +132,20 @@
There is more detail about copyright years in the GNU Maintainers
Information document, www.gnu.org/prep/maintain. -->
-<p>Copyright © 2003 Richard M. Stallman</p>
+<p>Copyright © 2003, 2021 Richard Stallman</p>
<p>This page is licensed under a <a rel="license"
-href="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nd/3.0/us/";>Creative
-Commons Attribution-NoDerivs 3.0 United States License</a>.</p>
+href="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nd/4.0/";>Creative
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<p class="unprintable">Updated:
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+$Date: 2021/10/01 16:02:46 $
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