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From: |
GNUN |
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Subject: |
www/philosophy free-sw.fr.html privacyaction.fr... |
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Date: |
Sat, 28 Aug 2021 12:02:47 -0400 (EDT) |
CVSROOT: /web/www
Module name: www
Changes by: GNUN <gnun> 21/08/28 12:02:47
Modified files:
philosophy : free-sw.fr.html privacyaction.fr.html
right-to-read.fr.html shouldbefree.fr.html
software-literary-patents.fr.html
software-patents.fr.html stophr3028.fr.html
surveillance-vs-democracy.fr.html
the-danger-of-ebooks.fr.html
why-copyleft.fr.html why-free.fr.html
words-to-avoid.fr.html
philosophy/po : free-sw.fr-en.html privacyaction.fr-en.html
right-to-read.fr-en.html
shouldbefree.fr-en.html
software-literary-patents.fr-en.html
software-patents.fr-en.html
stophr3028.fr-en.html
surveillance-vs-democracy.fr-en.html
the-danger-of-ebooks.fr-en.html
why-copyleft.fr-en.html why-free.fr-en.html
words-to-avoid.fr-en.html
Log message:
Automatic update by GNUnited Nations.
CVSWeb URLs:
http://web.cvs.savannah.gnu.org/viewcvs/www/philosophy/free-sw.fr.html?cvsroot=www&r1=1.170&r2=1.171
http://web.cvs.savannah.gnu.org/viewcvs/www/philosophy/privacyaction.fr.html?cvsroot=www&r1=1.58&r2=1.59
http://web.cvs.savannah.gnu.org/viewcvs/www/philosophy/right-to-read.fr.html?cvsroot=www&r1=1.125&r2=1.126
http://web.cvs.savannah.gnu.org/viewcvs/www/philosophy/shouldbefree.fr.html?cvsroot=www&r1=1.85&r2=1.86
http://web.cvs.savannah.gnu.org/viewcvs/www/philosophy/software-literary-patents.fr.html?cvsroot=www&r1=1.59&r2=1.60
http://web.cvs.savannah.gnu.org/viewcvs/www/philosophy/software-patents.fr.html?cvsroot=www&r1=1.82&r2=1.83
http://web.cvs.savannah.gnu.org/viewcvs/www/philosophy/stophr3028.fr.html?cvsroot=www&r1=1.57&r2=1.58
http://web.cvs.savannah.gnu.org/viewcvs/www/philosophy/surveillance-vs-democracy.fr.html?cvsroot=www&r1=1.75&r2=1.76
http://web.cvs.savannah.gnu.org/viewcvs/www/philosophy/the-danger-of-ebooks.fr.html?cvsroot=www&r1=1.46&r2=1.47
http://web.cvs.savannah.gnu.org/viewcvs/www/philosophy/why-copyleft.fr.html?cvsroot=www&r1=1.76&r2=1.77
http://web.cvs.savannah.gnu.org/viewcvs/www/philosophy/why-free.fr.html?cvsroot=www&r1=1.83&r2=1.84
http://web.cvs.savannah.gnu.org/viewcvs/www/philosophy/words-to-avoid.fr.html?cvsroot=www&r1=1.207&r2=1.208
http://web.cvs.savannah.gnu.org/viewcvs/www/philosophy/po/free-sw.fr-en.html?cvsroot=www&r1=1.73&r2=1.74
http://web.cvs.savannah.gnu.org/viewcvs/www/philosophy/po/privacyaction.fr-en.html?cvsroot=www&r1=1.33&r2=1.34
http://web.cvs.savannah.gnu.org/viewcvs/www/philosophy/po/right-to-read.fr-en.html?cvsroot=www&r1=1.65&r2=1.66
http://web.cvs.savannah.gnu.org/viewcvs/www/philosophy/po/shouldbefree.fr-en.html?cvsroot=www&r1=1.45&r2=1.46
http://web.cvs.savannah.gnu.org/viewcvs/www/philosophy/po/software-literary-patents.fr-en.html?cvsroot=www&r1=1.36&r2=1.37
http://web.cvs.savannah.gnu.org/viewcvs/www/philosophy/po/software-patents.fr-en.html?cvsroot=www&r1=1.58&r2=1.59
http://web.cvs.savannah.gnu.org/viewcvs/www/philosophy/po/stophr3028.fr-en.html?cvsroot=www&r1=1.37&r2=1.38
http://web.cvs.savannah.gnu.org/viewcvs/www/philosophy/po/surveillance-vs-democracy.fr-en.html?cvsroot=www&r1=1.60&r2=1.61
http://web.cvs.savannah.gnu.org/viewcvs/www/philosophy/po/the-danger-of-ebooks.fr-en.html?cvsroot=www&r1=1.38&r2=1.39
http://web.cvs.savannah.gnu.org/viewcvs/www/philosophy/po/why-copyleft.fr-en.html?cvsroot=www&r1=1.40&r2=1.41
http://web.cvs.savannah.gnu.org/viewcvs/www/philosophy/po/why-free.fr-en.html?cvsroot=www&r1=1.38&r2=1.39
http://web.cvs.savannah.gnu.org/viewcvs/www/philosophy/po/words-to-avoid.fr-en.html?cvsroot=www&r1=1.120&r2=1.121
Patches:
Index: free-sw.fr.html
===================================================================
RCS file: /web/www/www/philosophy/free-sw.fr.html,v
retrieving revision 1.170
retrieving revision 1.171
diff -u -b -r1.170 -r1.171
--- free-sw.fr.html 19 Aug 2021 08:13:18 -0000 1.170
+++ free-sw.fr.html 28 Aug 2021 16:02:43 -0000 1.171
@@ -29,7 +29,6 @@
<!--#include virtual="/philosophy/ph-breadcrumb.fr.html" -->
<!--GNUN: OUT-OF-DATE NOTICE-->
<!--#include virtual="/server/top-addendum.fr.html" -->
-<div class="reduced-width">
<h2>Qu'est-ce que le logiciel libre ?</h2>
<div class="thin"></div>
@@ -40,7 +39,7 @@
respectent la liberté des utilisateurs. En gros, cela veut dire que <b>les
utilisateurs ont la liberté d'exécuter, copier, distribuer, étudier,
modifier et améliorer ces logiciels.</b> Ainsi, « logiciel libre » fait
-référence à la liberté, pas au prix<a id="TransNote1-rev"
+référence à la liberté, pas au prix <a id="TransNote1-rev"
href="#TransNote1"><sup>a</sup></a> (pour comprendre ce concept, vous devez
penser à « liberté d'expression », pas à « entrée libre »). Pour
bien
montrer qu'il ne s'agit pas de gratuité, nous utilisons quelquefois en
@@ -63,7 +62,7 @@
collectivement) contrôlent le programme et ce qu'il fait pour eux. Quand les
utilisateurs ne contrôlent pas le programme, nous qualifions ce dernier de
« non libre », ou « privateur ».<a id="TransNote2-rev"
-href="#TransNote2"><sup>b</sup></a> Ce programme non libre contrôle les
+href="#TransNote2"><sup>b</sup></a> Ce programme non libre contrôle les
utilisateurs et son développeur le contrôle. Le programme devient donc <a
href="/philosophy/free-software-even-more-important.html">l'instrument d'un
pouvoir injuste</a>.
@@ -280,7 +279,7 @@
les versions modifiées de quelqu'un d'autre, mais pour refuser d'exécuter
les vôtres â une pratique connue sous le nom de « tivoïsation », de
« verrouillage » ou (dans la terminologie pernicieuse de ses partisans) de
-<i>secure boot</i><a id="TransNote3-rev"
+<i>secure boot</i>Â <a id="TransNote3-rev"
href="#TransNote3"><sup>c</sup></a> â la liberté 1 devient un simulacre
vide
de sens plutôt qu'une liberté concrète. Ces binaires ne sont pas libres,
même si le code source à partir duquel ils ont été compilés l'est.
@@ -291,9 +290,9 @@
modules ou des sous-programmes libres disponibles. Si la licence du
programme indique que vous ne pouvez pas lui incorporer un module existant
régi par une licence appropriée, par exemple si elle impose que vous soyez
-titulaire du copyright<a id="TransNote4-rev"
-href="#TransNote4"><sup>d</sup></a> sur tout code que vous ajoutez, alors la
-licence est trop restrictive pour être qualifiée de libre.
+titulaire du copyright <a id="TransNote4-rev"
+href="#TransNote4"><sup>d</sup></a>Â sur tout code que vous ajoutez, alors
+la licence est trop restrictive pour être qualifiée de libre.
</p>
<p>
@@ -330,8 +329,8 @@
La liberté 3 inclut la liberté de distribuer vos versions modifiées en tant
que logiciel libre. Une licence libre peut également permettre de les
distribuer sous d'autres formes ; en d'autres termes, elle n'a pas à être un
-<a href="/licenses/copyleft.html">copyleft</a><a id="TransNote5-rev"
-href="#TransNote5"><sup>e</sup></a>. Cependant, une licence qui impose que
+<a href="/licenses/copyleft.html">copyleft</a>.<a id="TransNote5-rev"
+href="#TransNote5"><sup>e</sup></a>Â Cependant, une licence qui impose que
les versions modifiées soient non libres ne peut pas être qualifiée de
licence libre.
</p>
@@ -582,61 +581,61 @@
<ul>
<li><a
-href="http://web.cvs.savannah.gnu.org/viewvc/www/philosophy/free-sw.html?root=www&r1=1.168&r2=1.169";>Version
+href="//web.cvs.savannah.gnu.org/viewvc/www/philosophy/free-sw.html?root=www&r1=1.168&r2=1.169">Version
1.169</a> explique plus clairement pourquoi les quatre libertés doivent
s'appliquer aux activités commerciales, et explique pourquoi elles
impliquent les libertés de ne pas exécuter le programme et de le supprimer
(on n'a donc pas besoin de définir séparément ces conditions).</li>
<li><a
-href="http://web.cvs.savannah.gnu.org/viewvc/www/philosophy/free-sw.html?root=www&r1=1.164&r2=1.165";>Version
+href="//web.cvs.savannah.gnu.org/viewvc/www/philosophy/free-sw.html?root=www&r1=1.164&r2=1.165">Version
1.165</a> précise que les nuisances arbitraires du code ne rendent pas
caduque la liberté 0 et que les libertés 1 et 3 permettent aux utilisateurs
de les éliminer.</li>
<li><a
-href="http://web.cvs.savannah.gnu.org/viewvc/www/philosophy/free-sw.html?root=www&r1=1.152&r2=1.153";>Version
+href="//web.cvs.savannah.gnu.org/viewvc/www/philosophy/free-sw.html?root=www&r1=1.152&r2=1.153">Version
1.153</a> précise que la liberté d'exécuter le programme signifie que rien
ne vous empêche de le faire fonctionner.</li>
<li><a
-href="http://web.cvs.savannah.gnu.org/viewvc/www/philosophy/free-sw.html?root=www&r1=1.140&r2=1.141";>Version
+href="//web.cvs.savannah.gnu.org/viewvc/www/philosophy/free-sw.html?root=www&r1=1.140&r2=1.141">Version
1.141</a> précise quel code doit être libre.</li>
<li><a
-href="http://web.cvs.savannah.gnu.org/viewvc/www/philosophy/free-sw.html?root=www&r1=1.134&r2=1.135";>Version
+href="//web.cvs.savannah.gnu.org/viewvc/www/philosophy/free-sw.html?root=www&r1=1.134&r2=1.135">Version
1.135</a> répète chaque fois que la liberté 0 est la liberté d'exécuter
le
programme comme on veut.</li>
<li><a
-href="http://web.cvs.savannah.gnu.org/viewvc/www/philosophy/free-sw.html?root=www&r1=1.133&r2=1.134";>Version
+href="//web.cvs.savannah.gnu.org/viewvc/www/philosophy/free-sw.html?root=www&r1=1.133&r2=1.134">Version
1.134</a>: la liberté 0 ne fait pas intervenir la fonctionnalité du
programme.</li>
<li><a
-href="http://web.cvs.savannah.gnu.org/viewvc/www/philosophy/free-sw.html?root=www&r1=1.130&r2=1.131";>Version
+href="//web.cvs.savannah.gnu.org/viewvc/www/philosophy/free-sw.html?root=www&r1=1.130&r2=1.131">Version
1.131</a>: une licence libre ne peut pas exiger qu'on se conforme à une
licence non libre d'un autre programme.</li>
<li><a
-href="http://web.cvs.savannah.gnu.org/viewvc/www/philosophy/free-sw.html?root=www&r1=1.128&r2=1.129";>Version
+href="//web.cvs.savannah.gnu.org/viewvc/www/philosophy/free-sw.html?root=www&r1=1.128&r2=1.129">Version
1.129</a> énonce explicitement qu'il est permis de choisir le droit
applicable et de spécifier la cour compétente (cela a toujours été notre
politique).</li>
<li><a
-href="http://web.cvs.savannah.gnu.org/viewvc/www/philosophy/free-sw.html?root=www&r1=1.121&r2=1.122";>Version
+href="//web.cvs.savannah.gnu.org/viewvc/www/philosophy/free-sw.html?root=www&r1=1.121&r2=1.122">Version
1.122</a> : un règlement sur l'exportation est un véritable problème s'il
tire à conséquence ; autrement, ce n'est qu'un problème potentiel.</li>
<li><a
-href="http://web.cvs.savannah.gnu.org/viewvc/www/philosophy/free-sw.html?root=www&r1=1.117&r2=1.118";>Version
+href="//web.cvs.savannah.gnu.org/viewvc/www/philosophy/free-sw.html?root=www&r1=1.117&r2=1.118">Version
1.118</a> précise qu'il s'agit des limites à votre droit de modifier, et non
de la nature de ces modifications. Et les modifications ne se limitent pas Ã
des « améliorations ».</li>
<li><a
-href="http://web.cvs.savannah.gnu.org/viewvc/www/philosophy/free-sw.html?root=www&r1=1.110&r2=1.111";>Version
+href="//web.cvs.savannah.gnu.org/viewvc/www/philosophy/free-sw.html?root=www&r1=1.110&r2=1.111">Version
1.111</a> précise la version 1.77 en disant que seules les
<em>restrictions</em> rétroactives sont inacceptables. Les titulaires du
copyright peuvent toujours concéder des <em>permissions</em> supplémentaires
@@ -644,39 +643,39 @@
parallèle.</li>
<li><a
-href="http://web.cvs.savannah.gnu.org/viewvc/www/philosophy/free-sw.html?root=www&r1=1.104&r2=1.105";>Version
+href="//web.cvs.savannah.gnu.org/viewvc/www/philosophy/free-sw.html?root=www&r1=1.104&r2=1.105">Version
1.105</a> élabore sur un point déjà indiqué dans la version 1.80, à savoir
que le court énoncé de la liberté 1 implique d'utiliser effectivement votre
version modifiée pour votre travail informatique.</li>
<li><a
-href="http://web.cvs.savannah.gnu.org/viewvc/www/philosophy/free-sw.html?root=www&r1=1.91&r2=1.92";>Version
+href="//web.cvs.savannah.gnu.org/viewvc/www/philosophy/free-sw.html?root=www&r1=1.91&r2=1.92">Version
1.92</a> précise que le code rendu illisible <i>[obfuscated]</i> n'est pas
considéré comme du code source.</li>
<li><a
-href="http://web.cvs.savannah.gnu.org/viewvc/www/philosophy/free-sw.html?root=www&r1=1.89&r2=1.90";>Version
+href="//web.cvs.savannah.gnu.org/viewvc/www/philosophy/free-sw.html?root=www&r1=1.89&r2=1.90">Version
1.90</a> précise que la liberté 3 implique le droit de redistribuer des
copies de votre propre version modifiée ou améliorée, et non le droit de
participer au développement d'un projet tiers.</li>
<li><a
-href="http://web.cvs.savannah.gnu.org/viewvc/www/philosophy/free-sw.html?root=www&r1=1.88&r2=1.89";>Version
+href="//web.cvs.savannah.gnu.org/viewvc/www/philosophy/free-sw.html?root=www&r1=1.88&r2=1.89">Version
1.89</a> : la liberté 3 inclut le droit de distribuer des versions
modifiées
en tant que logiciel libre.</li>
<li><a
-href="http://web.cvs.savannah.gnu.org/viewvc/www/philosophy/free-sw.html?root=www&r1=1.79&r2=1.80";>Version
+href="//web.cvs.savannah.gnu.org/viewvc/www/philosophy/free-sw.html?root=www&r1=1.79&r2=1.80">Version
1.80</a> : la liberté 1 doit être concrète, pas seulement théorique ;
autrement dit, pas de tivoïsation.</li>
<li><a
-href="http://web.cvs.savannah.gnu.org/viewvc/www/philosophy/free-sw.html?root=www&r1=1.76&r2=1.77";>Version
+href="//web.cvs.savannah.gnu.org/viewvc/www/philosophy/free-sw.html?root=www&r1=1.76&r2=1.77">Version
1.77</a> précise que tout changement rétroactif de la licence est
inacceptable, même si ce n'est pas décrit comme un remplacement complet.</li>
<li><a
-href="http://web.cvs.savannah.gnu.org/viewvc/www/philosophy/free-sw.html?root=www&r1=1.73&r2=1.74";>Version
+href="//web.cvs.savannah.gnu.org/viewvc/www/philosophy/free-sw.html?root=www&r1=1.73&r2=1.74">Version
1.74</a>Â : clarification de quatre points insuffisamment explicites, ou bien
mentionnés en divers endroits mais pas pris en compte partout :
<ul>
@@ -694,47 +693,47 @@
</li>
<li><a
-href="http://web.cvs.savannah.gnu.org/viewvc/www/philosophy/free-sw.html?root=www&r1=1.56&r2=1.57";>Version
+href="//web.cvs.savannah.gnu.org/viewvc/www/philosophy/free-sw.html?root=www&r1=1.56&r2=1.57">Version
1.57</a> : ajout de la section « Au-delà du logiciel ».</li>
<li><a
-href="http://web.cvs.savannah.gnu.org/viewvc/www/philosophy/free-sw.html?root=www&r1=1.45&r2=1.46";>Version
+href="//web.cvs.savannah.gnu.org/viewvc/www/philosophy/free-sw.html?root=www&r1=1.45&r2=1.46">Version
1.46</a> précise de quelle personne l'objectif doit être pris en compte,
dans « la liberté d'exécuter le programme, pour tous les usages ».</li>
<li><a
-href="http://web.cvs.savannah.gnu.org/viewvc/www/philosophy/free-sw.html?root=www&r1=1.40&r2=1.41";>Version
+href="//web.cvs.savannah.gnu.org/viewvc/www/philosophy/free-sw.html?root=www&r1=1.40&r2=1.41">Version
1.41</a> précise la formulation relative aux licences basées sur des
contrats.</li>
<li><a
-href="http://web.cvs.savannah.gnu.org/viewvc/www/philosophy/free-sw.html?root=www&r1=1.39&r2=1.40";>Version
+href="//web.cvs.savannah.gnu.org/viewvc/www/philosophy/free-sw.html?root=www&r1=1.39&r2=1.40">Version
1.40</a> explique qu'une licence libre doit vous autoriser à utiliser
d'autres logiciels libres disponibles pour créer vos modifications.</li>
<li><a
-href="http://web.cvs.savannah.gnu.org/viewvc/www/philosophy/free-sw.html?root=www&r1=1.38&r2=1.39";>Version
+href="//web.cvs.savannah.gnu.org/viewvc/www/philosophy/free-sw.html?root=www&r1=1.38&r2=1.39">Version
1.39</a> signale qu'il est acceptable qu'une licence vous oblige à fournir
les sources des versions logicielles que vous mettez à disposition du
public.</li>
<li><a
-href="http://web.cvs.savannah.gnu.org/viewvc/www/philosophy/free-sw.html?root=www&r1=1.30&r2=1.31";>Version
+href="//web.cvs.savannah.gnu.org/viewvc/www/philosophy/free-sw.html?root=www&r1=1.30&r2=1.31">Version
1.31</a> signale qu'il est acceptable qu'une licence vous oblige à vous
identifier en tant qu'auteur de modifications. Ce texte apporte d'autres
précisions mineures.</li>
<li><a
-href="http://web.cvs.savannah.gnu.org/viewvc/www/philosophy/free-sw.html?root=www&r1=1.22&r2=1.23";>Version
+href="//web.cvs.savannah.gnu.org/viewvc/www/philosophy/free-sw.html?root=www&r1=1.22&r2=1.23">Version
1.23</a> s'intéresse aux problèmes potentiels relatifs aux licences basées
sur des contrats.</li>
<li><a
-href="http://web.cvs.savannah.gnu.org/viewvc/www/philosophy/free-sw.html?root=www&r1=1.15&r2=1.16";>Version
+href="//web.cvs.savannah.gnu.org/viewvc/www/philosophy/free-sw.html?root=www&r1=1.15&r2=1.16">Version
1.16</a> explique pourquoi la distribution de binaires est importante.</li>
<li><a
-href="http://web.cvs.savannah.gnu.org/viewvc/www/philosophy/free-sw.html?root=www&r1=1.10&r2=1.11";>Version
+href="//web.cvs.savannah.gnu.org/viewvc/www/philosophy/free-sw.html?root=www&r1=1.10&r2=1.11">Version
1.11</a> signale qu'une licence libre peut vous obliger à envoyer une copie
des versions que vous distribuez aux développeurs précédents, sur
demande.</li>
@@ -746,7 +745,7 @@
les changements concernant les à -côtés, le formatage, l'orthographe ou
d'autres parties de la page. Si vous voulez consulter la liste intégrale des
changements, vous pouvez le faire sur l'<a
-href="http://web.cvs.savannah.gnu.org/viewvc/www/philosophy/free-sw.html?root=www&view=log";>interface
+href="//web.cvs.savannah.gnu.org/viewvc/www/philosophy/free-sw.html?root=www&view=log">interface
cvsweb</a>.</p>
<hr class="column-limit" />
@@ -759,7 +758,6 @@
trois autres, elle devait les précéder. Plutôt que de renuméroter les
autres, nous l'avons appelée liberté 0.</li>
</ol>
-</div>
<div class="translators-notes">
@@ -855,7 +853,7 @@
<p class="unprintable"><!-- timestamp start -->
Dernière mise à jour :
-$Date: 2021/08/19 08:13:18 $
+$Date: 2021/08/28 16:02:43 $
<!-- timestamp end -->
</p>
Index: privacyaction.fr.html
===================================================================
RCS file: /web/www/www/philosophy/privacyaction.fr.html,v
retrieving revision 1.58
retrieving revision 1.59
diff -u -b -r1.58 -r1.59
--- privacyaction.fr.html 31 May 2021 21:09:11 -0000 1.58
+++ privacyaction.fr.html 28 Aug 2021 16:02:43 -0000 1.59
@@ -1,19 +1,29 @@
<!--#set var="ENGLISH_PAGE" value="/philosophy/privacyaction.en.html" -->
<!--#include virtual="/server/header.fr.html" -->
-<!-- Parent-Version: 1.86 -->
+<!-- Parent-Version: 1.96 -->
+<!-- This page is derived from /server/standards/boilerplate.html -->
+<!--#set var="TAGS" value="essays cultural evils" -->
+<!--#set var="DISABLE_TOP_ADDENDUM" value="yes" -->
<!-- This file is automatically generated by GNUnited Nations! -->
<title>Protégeons l'anonymat postal - Projet GNU - Free Software
Foundation</title>
<!--#include virtual="/philosophy/po/privacyaction.translist" -->
<!--#include virtual="/server/banner.fr.html" -->
+<!--#include virtual="/philosophy/ph-breadcrumb.fr.html" -->
+<!--GNUN: OUT-OF-DATE NOTICE-->
+<!--#include virtual="/server/top-addendum.fr.html" -->
+<div class="reduced-width">
<h2>Protégeons l'anonymat postal</h2>
-<p>
-Ce document a été écrit par Kathleen Ellis. Bien que n'étant pas Ã
-l'initiative de ce mouvement, la Fondation pour le logiciel libre lui
-apporte son soutien en le diffusant. Nous espérons que vous ferez de
même.</p>
+<address class="byline">par Kathleen Ellis</address>
+
+<div class="comment">
+<p>La Fondation pour le logiciel libre n'est pas à l'initiative de cette
+campagne, mais lui apporte son soutien en faisant passer le message. Nous
+espérons que vous ferez de même.</p>
+</div>
<h3>La situation</h3>
<p>
@@ -67,15 +77,16 @@
</address></li>
</ol>
-<h3>Plus d'informations</h3>
+<h3>Pour en savoir plus</h3>
Pour plus d'informations, consultez les pages suivantes :
<ul>
- <li><a href="http://www.privacy.org/";>Privacy.org</a></li>
+ <li>Privacy.org [en 2021Â : <a
href="https://www.epic.org/";>epic.org</a>]</li>
<li><a
href="https://www.congress.gov/bill/106th-congress/house-joint-resolution/55";>H.J.Res.55
â 106e Congrès</a></li>
</ul>
+</div>
<div class="translators-notes">
@@ -85,7 +96,7 @@
<!-- for id="content", starts in the include above -->
<!--#include virtual="/server/footer.fr.html" -->
-<div id="footer">
+<div id="footer" role="contentinfo">
<div class="unprintable">
<p>Veuillez envoyer les requêtes concernant la FSF et GNU à <<a
@@ -105,7 +116,7 @@
<web-translators@gnu.org></a>.</p>
- <p>For information on coordinating and submitting translations of
+ <p>For information on coordinating and contributing translations of
our web pages, see <a
href="/server/standards/README.translations.html">Translations
README</a>. -->
@@ -134,8 +145,7 @@
There is more detail about copyright years in the GNU Maintainers
Information document, www.gnu.org/prep/maintain. -->
-<p>Copyright © 1996, 1997, 1998, 2007, 2008, 2018 Free Software
-Foundation, Inc.</p>
+<p>Copyright © 1996, 2021 Free Software Foundation, Inc.</p>
<p>Cette page peut être utilisée suivant les conditions de la licence <a
rel="license"
@@ -153,7 +163,7 @@
<p class="unprintable"><!-- timestamp start -->
Dernière mise à jour :
-$Date: 2021/05/31 21:09:11 $
+$Date: 2021/08/28 16:02:43 $
<!-- timestamp end -->
</p>
Index: right-to-read.fr.html
===================================================================
RCS file: /web/www/www/philosophy/right-to-read.fr.html,v
retrieving revision 1.125
retrieving revision 1.126
diff -u -b -r1.125 -r1.126
--- right-to-read.fr.html 31 May 2021 21:09:11 -0000 1.125
+++ right-to-read.fr.html 28 Aug 2021 16:02:43 -0000 1.126
@@ -1,23 +1,23 @@
<!--#set var="ENGLISH_PAGE" value="/philosophy/right-to-read.en.html" -->
<!--#include virtual="/server/header.fr.html" -->
-<!-- Parent-Version: 1.90 -->
+<!-- Parent-Version: 1.96 -->
+<!-- This page is derived from /server/standards/boilerplate.html -->
+<!--#set var="TAGS" value="essays cultural access" -->
+<!--#set var="DISABLE_TOP_ADDENDUM" value="yes" -->
<!-- This file is automatically generated by GNUnited Nations! -->
<title>Le droit de lire - Projet GNU - Free Software Foundation</title>
<style type="text/css" media="print,screen"><!--
-blockquote, .comment {
- font-style: italic;
-}
-blockquote cite {
- font-style: normal;
-}
.announcement {
text-align: center;
+ box-sizing: border-box;
background: #f5f5f5;
- border-left: .3em solid #fc7;
- border-right: .3em solid #fc7;
- margin: 2.5em 0;
+ border-left: .4em solid #5c5;
+ border-right: .4em solid #5c5;
+ border-top: .1em solid #5c5;
+ border-bottom: .1em solid #5c5;
+ margin: 2.5em auto;
}
#AuthorsNote ul, #AuthorsNote li {
margin: 0;
@@ -42,19 +42,11 @@
#BadNews p.emph-box {
margin: 2.5em 6% 1em;
}
-#References {
- margin: 3em 0 2em;
-}
-#References h3 {
- font-size: 1.2em;
-}
@media (min-width: 55em) {
#AuthorsNote .columns >
p:first-child,
- #AuthorsNote li p.inline-block {
- margin-top: 0;
- }
- .comment { text-align: center; }
+ #AuthorsNote li p.inline-block { margin-top: 0; }
+ .update { font-style: italic; text-align: center; }
.table { display: table; }
.table-cell {
display: table-cell;
@@ -63,14 +55,12 @@
}
.left { padding-right: .75em; }
.right { padding-left: .75em; }
- }
}-->
<!--#if expr="$LANGUAGE_SUFFIX = /[.](ar|fa|he)/" -->
<!--
@media (min-width: 55em) {
- .left { padding-left: .75em; }
- .right { padding-right: .75em; }
- }
+ .left { padding-left: .75em; padding-right: 0; }
+ .right { padding-right: .75em; padding-left: 0; }
}-->
<!--#endif -->
@@ -81,20 +71,20 @@
<!--#include virtual="/philosophy/po/right-to-read.translist" -->
<!--#include virtual="/server/banner.fr.html" -->
+<!--#include virtual="/philosophy/ph-breadcrumb.fr.html" -->
+<!--GNUN: OUT-OF-DATE NOTICE-->
+<!--#include virtual="/server/top-addendum.fr.html" -->
+<div class="article">
<h2 class="center">Le droit de lire</h2>
<address class="byline center">
-par <a href="http://www.stallman.org/";>Richard Stallman</a></address>
-<p class="center">
-<em>Cet article a été publié dans la parution de février 1997 de
-<cite>Communications of the ACM</cite> (volume 40, numéro 2).</em></p>
-<hr class="thin" />
+par <a href="https://www.stallman.org/";>Richard Stallman</a></address>
-<div class="article">
-<blockquote class="center comment"><p>
+<p class="infobox c">
Extrait de <cite>The Road to Tycho</cite>, une collection
d'articles sur les
antécédents de la révolution lunaire publiée à Luna City en 2096.
-</p></blockquote>
+</p>
+<hr class="thin" />
<div class="columns">
<p>
@@ -245,12 +235,12 @@
objectifs principaux.</p>
</div>
-<div class="reduced-width">
-<blockquote class="announcement">
-<p><a href="http://defectivebydesign.org/ebooks.html";>Inscrivez-vous à notre
-liste de diffusion (en anglais) concernant les dangers des livres
+<div class="announcement reduced-width comment" role="complementary">
+<hr class="no-display" />
+<p><a href="https://www.defectivebydesign.org/ebooks.html";>Inscrivez-vous Ã
+notre liste de diffusion (en anglais) concernant les dangers des livres
électroniques</a>.</p>
-</blockquote>
+<hr class="no-display" />
</div>
<div id="AuthorsNote">
@@ -277,8 +267,8 @@
(et autres sortes d'Åuvres publiées) sont connues sous le nom de DRM,
raccourci pour <i>Digital Restrictions Management</i> (gestion numérique des
restrictions). Pour éliminer les DRM, la Free Software Foundation a mis en
-place la campagne <i><a href="http://DefectiveByDesign.org";>Defective by
-Design</a></i>.<a id="TransNote2-rev" href="#TransNote2"><sup>2</sup></a>
+place la campagne <i><a href="https://www.defectivebydesign.org/";>Defective
+by Design</a></i>.<a id="TransNote2-rev" href="#TransNote2"><sup>2</sup></a>
Nous demandons votre soutien.</p>
<p>L'<i>Electronic Frontier Foundation</i>, une organisation indépendante de
la
@@ -288,7 +278,7 @@
</li>
</ul>
-<p class="comment">
+<p class="update">
La note suivante a été modifiée plusieurs fois depuis la première
publication de cette histoire.</p>
@@ -511,8 +501,8 @@
Si nous voulons faire cesser les mauvaises nouvelles et en susciter quelques
bonnes, nous avons besoin de nous organiser et de nous
battre. Inscrivez-vous à la campagne <a
-href="http://defectivebydesign.org";>Defective by Design</a> (défectueux Ã
-dessein) pour donner un coup de main. Vous pouvez <a
+href="https://www.defectivebydesign.org/";>Defective by Design</a>
+(défectueux à dessein) pour donner un coup de main. Vous pouvez <a
href="http://www.fsf.org/associate";>adhérer à la FSF</a> pour soutenir
l'ensemble de notre travail. Il y a aussi de nombreux moyens d'y <a
href="/help/help.html">participer</a>.
@@ -520,10 +510,8 @@
</div>
</div>
<div class="column-limit"></div>
-</div>
-<div id="References">
-<h3>Références</h3>
+<h3 class="footnote">Références</h3>
<ul>
<li>Le « livre blanc » de l'administration : <cite>Information
Infrastructure
@@ -533,15 +521,14 @@
<em>[sic]</em> Rights</cite>Â (1995).</li>
<li>Une explication du libre blanc : <i>« <a
-href="http://www.wired.com/wired/archive/4.01/white.paper_pr.html";>The
-Copyright Grab</a> »</i>, Pamela Samuelson, <cite>Wired</cite>, 1er
-janvier 1996.</li>
+href="https://www.wired.com/1996/01/white-paper/";>The Copyright
+Grab</a> »</i>, Pamela Samuelson, <cite>Wired</cite>, 1er janvierÂ
1996.</li>
- <li><i>« <a href="http://www.law.duke.edu/boylesite/sold_out.htm";>Sold
+ <li><i>« <a href="https://law.duke.edu/boylesite/sold_out.htm";>Sold
Out</a> »</i>, James Boyle, <cite>New York Times</cite>, 31 marsÂ
1996.</li>
<li><i>« <a
-href="http://web.archive.org/web/20130508120533/http://www.interesting-people.org/archives/interesting-people/199611/msg00012.html";>Public
+href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130508120533/http://www.interesting-people.org/archives/interesting-people/199611/msg00012.html";>Public
Data or Private Data</a> »</i>, Dave Farber, <cite>Washington Post</cite>,
4 novembre 1996.</li>
@@ -551,13 +538,18 @@
à l'extension débridée des pouvoirs du copyright et des brevets, et de faire
marche arrière.</li>
</ul>
+
+<div class="infobox extra">
+<hr />
+<p>Cet article a été publié dans la parution de février 1997 de
+<cite>Communications of the ACM</cite> (volume 40, numéro 2).</p>
</div>
-<hr class="thin" />
-<blockquote id="fsfs"><p>Cet essai est publié dans <a
-href="http://shop.fsf.org/product/free-software-free-society/";><cite>Free
+<div class="edu-note c"><p id="fsfs">Cet essai est publié dans <a
+href="https://shop.fsf.org/product/free-software-free-society/";><cite>Free
Software, Free Society: The Selected Essays of Richard
-M. Stallman</cite></a>.</p></blockquote>
+M. Stallman</cite></a>.</p></div>
+</div>
<div class="translators-notes">
@@ -589,7 +581,7 @@
<!-- for id="content", starts in the include above -->
<!--#include virtual="/server/footer.fr.html" -->
-<div id="footer">
+<div id="footer" role="contentinfo">
<div class="unprintable">
<p>Veuillez envoyer les requêtes concernant la FSF et GNU à <<a
@@ -609,7 +601,7 @@
<web-translators@gnu.org></a>.</p>
- <p>For information on coordinating and submitting translations of
+ <p>For information on coordinating and contributing translations of
our web pages, see <a
href="/server/standards/README.translations.html">Translations
README</a>. -->
@@ -638,7 +630,7 @@
There is more detail about copyright years in the GNU Maintainers
Information document, www.gnu.org/prep/maintain. -->
-<p>Copyright © 1996, 2002, 2007, 2009, 2010, 2014-2016, 2019, 2020 Richard
+<p>Copyright © 1996, 2002, 2007, 2009, 2012, 2014, 2016, 2021 Richard
Stallman</p>
<p>Cette page peut être utilisée suivant les conditions de la licence <a
@@ -657,11 +649,12 @@
<p class="unprintable"><!-- timestamp start -->
Dernière mise à jour :
-$Date: 2021/05/31 21:09:11 $
+$Date: 2021/08/28 16:02:43 $
<!-- timestamp end -->
</p>
</div>
</div>
+<!-- for class="inner", starts in the banner include -->
</body>
</html>
Index: shouldbefree.fr.html
===================================================================
RCS file: /web/www/www/philosophy/shouldbefree.fr.html,v
retrieving revision 1.85
retrieving revision 1.86
diff -u -b -r1.85 -r1.86
--- shouldbefree.fr.html 19 Aug 2021 08:13:21 -0000 1.85
+++ shouldbefree.fr.html 28 Aug 2021 16:02:43 -0000 1.86
@@ -8,18 +8,22 @@
<!-- This file is automatically generated by GNUnited Nations! -->
<title>Pourquoi le logiciel doit être libre - Projet GNU - Free Software
Foundation</title>
+<style type="text/css" media="print,screen"><!--
+#content h3 { margin-top: 1.6em; }
+-->
+
+</style>
<!--#include virtual="/philosophy/po/shouldbefree.translist" -->
<!--#include virtual="/server/banner.fr.html" -->
<!--#include virtual="/philosophy/ph-breadcrumb.fr.html" -->
<!--GNUN: OUT-OF-DATE NOTICE-->
<!--#include virtual="/server/top-addendum.fr.html" -->
-<div class="reduced-width">
+<div class="article reduced-width">
<h2>Pourquoi le logiciel doit être libre</h2>
<address class="byline">par <a href="https://www.stallman.org/";>Richard
Stallman</a></address>
-<div class="article">
<p id="introduction">
L'existence du logiciel soulève forcément la question de la façon dont
doivent être prises les décisions concernant son usage. Par exemple,
@@ -54,7 +58,7 @@
dit, d'écrire des <a href="/philosophy/free-sw.html">logiciels libres</a> <a
id="f1-rev" href="#f1">(1)</a>.</p>
-<h3 id="owner-justification" class="subheader">Comment les propriétaires
justifient leur pouvoir</h3>
+<h3 id="owner-justification">Comment les propriétaires justifient leur
pouvoir</h3>
<p>
Ceux qui bénéficient du système actuel, dans lequel les programmes sont
une
propriété, présentent deux arguments en appui à leur prétention de les
@@ -103,7 +107,7 @@
choix entre logiciel privateur et pas de logiciel, c'est faire une pétition
de principe.</p>
-<h3 id="against-having-owners" class="subheader">L'argument contre la
propriété privée du logiciel</h3>
+<h3 id="against-having-owners">L'argument contre la propriété privée du
logiciel</h3>
<p>
La question qu'il faut poser, c'est : «â¯Le développement d'un logiciel
doit-il être lié à un propriétaire qui en restreint l'usageâ¯?â¯Â»</p>
@@ -525,7 +529,7 @@
des logiciels privateurs a des chances de réussir dans l'étroite limite de
ses propres règles, mais ce n'est pas ce qui est bon pour la société.</p>
-<h3 id="why-develop" class="subheader">Pourquoi les gens développeront des
logiciels</h3>
+<h3 id="why-develop">Pourquoi les gens développeront des logiciels</h3>
<p>
Si nous éliminons le droit d'auteur comme moyen d'encourager les gens Ã
développer des logiciels, au début moins de programmes seront développés,
@@ -685,7 +689,7 @@
apprendront à soutenir les développeurs d'eux-mêmes, tout comme ils ont
appris à soutenir les radios et les stations télé indépendantes.</p>
-<h3 id="productivity" class="subheader">Qu'est-ce que la productivité
logicielle� </h3>
+<h3 id="productivity">Qu'est-ce que la productivité logicielle� </h3>
<p>
Si les logiciels étaient libres, il y aurait toujours des programmeurs,
mais
peut-être en nombre moindre. Est-ce que cela serait mauvais pour la
@@ -723,7 +727,7 @@
uniquement sur le deuxième sens, limité, du terme, où l'amélioration
demande
des avancées technologiques difficiles.</p>
-<h3 id="competition" class="subheader">Est-ce que la compétition est
inévitable�</h3>
+<h3 id="competition">Est-ce que la compétition est inévitable�</h3>
<p>
Est-il inévitable que les gens entrent en compétition, qu'ils essayent de
dépasser leurs rivaux dans la société� Peut-être, oui. Mais la
compétition
@@ -769,7 +773,7 @@
société sont gaspillées dans l'équivalent économique d'une guerre civile
entre factions.</p>
-<h3 id="communism" class="subheader">«â¯Pourquoi ne pas t'établir en
Russieâ¯?â¯Â»</h3>
+<h3 id="communism">«â¯Pourquoi ne pas t'établir en Russieâ¯?â¯Â»</h3>
<p>
Aux Ãtats-Unis, toute personne favorable à autre chose que le plus
flagrant
laisser-faire égoïste a souvent entendu ce genre de réflexion. On l'entend,
@@ -802,7 +806,7 @@
communisme soviétique, alors ce sont les propriétaires de logiciel qui sont
les communistes.</p>
-<h3 id="premises" class="subheader">La question des prémisses</h3>
+<h3 id="premises">La question des prémisses</h3>
<p>
Dans cet article, je pars du principe que l'utilisateur d'un logiciel n'est
pas moins important qu'un auteur ou même que l'employeur d'un
@@ -844,7 +848,7 @@
gens prendront conscience que c'est un postulat de la droite radicale qui
n'a pas sa source dans nos traditions.</p>
-<h3 id="conclusion" class="subheader">Conclusion</h3>
+<h3 id="conclusion">Conclusion</h3>
<p>
Nous aimons à croire que notre société encourage le fait d'aider son
voisinâ¯; mais chaque fois que nous récompensons quelqu'un pour avoir posé
@@ -868,7 +872,6 @@
efficace qui encouragera la coopération volontaire et fonctionnera grâce Ã
elle.</p>
<div class="column-limit"></div>
-</div>
<h3 id="footnotes" class="footnote">Notes</h3>
@@ -899,13 +902,11 @@
href="#f3-rev" class="nounderline">↑</a></li>
</ol>
-<hr class="thin" />
-<div id="fsfs" role="complementary">
-<p>Cet essai est publié dans <a
+<hr class="no-display" />
+<div class="edu-note c"><p id="fsfs">Cet essai est publié dans <a
href="https://shop.fsf.org/product/free-software-free-society/";><cite>Free
Software, Free Society: The Selected Essays of Richard
-M. Stallman</cite></a>.</p>
-</div>
+M. Stallman</cite></a>.</p></div>
</div>
<div class="translators-notes">
@@ -966,8 +967,8 @@
les infos nécessaires.</p>
</div>
-<p>Copyright © 1991, 1992, 1998, 2000, 2001, 2006, 2007, 2010, 2021 Free
-Software Foundation, Inc.</p>
+<p>Copyright © 1991, 1992, 1998, 2006, 2010, 2021 Free Software
+Foundation, Inc.</p>
<p>Cette page peut être utilisée suivant les conditions de la licence <a
rel="license"
@@ -985,7 +986,7 @@
<p class="unprintable"><!-- timestamp start -->
Dernière mise à jour :
-$Date: 2021/08/19 08:13:21 $
+$Date: 2021/08/28 16:02:43 $
<!-- timestamp end -->
</p>
Index: software-literary-patents.fr.html
===================================================================
RCS file: /web/www/www/philosophy/software-literary-patents.fr.html,v
retrieving revision 1.59
retrieving revision 1.60
diff -u -b -r1.59 -r1.60
--- software-literary-patents.fr.html 31 May 2021 21:09:11 -0000 1.59
+++ software-literary-patents.fr.html 28 Aug 2021 16:02:44 -0000 1.60
@@ -1,7 +1,10 @@
<!--#set var="ENGLISH_PAGE"
value="/philosophy/software-literary-patents.en.html" -->
<!--#include virtual="/server/header.fr.html" -->
-<!-- Parent-Version: 1.77 -->
+<!-- Parent-Version: 1.96 -->
+<!-- This page is derived from /server/standards/boilerplate.html -->
+<!--#set var="TAGS" value="essays laws patents" -->
+<!--#set var="DISABLE_TOP_ADDENDUM" value="yes" -->
<!-- This file is automatically generated by GNUnited Nations! -->
<title>Brevets logiciels et brevets littéraires - Projet GNU - Free Software
@@ -9,14 +12,13 @@
<!--#include virtual="/philosophy/po/software-literary-patents.translist" -->
<!--#include virtual="/server/banner.fr.html" -->
+<!--#include virtual="/philosophy/ph-breadcrumb.fr.html" -->
+<!--GNUN: OUT-OF-DATE NOTICE-->
+<!--#include virtual="/server/top-addendum.fr.html" -->
+<div class="article reduced-width">
<h2>Brevets logiciels et brevets littéraires</h2>
-<p>par <strong><a href="http://stallman.org/";>Richard Stallman</a></strong></p>
-
-<p>
-<em>La première version de cet article a été publiée dans </em>The
-Guardian<em>, de Londres, le 23 juin 2005. Il a pour sujet la proposition de
-directive européenne sur les brevets logiciels</em>.</p>
+<address class="byline">par <a href="https://stallman.org/";>Richard
Stallman</a></address>
<p>
Quand les politiciens examinent la question des brevets logiciels, ils
@@ -220,11 +222,18 @@
sera l'insécurité pour tous les développeurs de logiciel.
</p>
+<div class="infobox extra">
<hr />
-<blockquote id="fsfs"><p>Cet essai est publié dans <a
-href="http://shop.fsf.org/product/free-software-free-society/";><cite>Free
+<p>La première version de cet article a été publiée dans <cite>The
+Guardian</cite>, de Londres, le 23 juin 2005. Il a pour sujet la proposition
+de directive européenne sur les brevets logiciels.</p>
+</div>
+
+<div class="edu-note c"><p id="fsfs">Cet essai est publié dans <a
+href="https://shop.fsf.org/product/free-software-free-society/";><cite>Free
Software, Free Society: The Selected Essays of Richard
-M. Stallman</cite></a>Â [en].</p></blockquote>
+M. Stallman</cite></a>Â [en].</p></div>
+</div>
<div class="translators-notes">
@@ -234,7 +243,7 @@
<!-- for id="content", starts in the include above -->
<!--#include virtual="/server/footer.fr.html" -->
-<div id="footer">
+<div id="footer" role="contentinfo">
<div class="unprintable">
<p>Veuillez envoyer les requêtes concernant la FSF et GNU à <<a
@@ -254,7 +263,7 @@
<web-translators@gnu.org></a>.</p>
- <p>For information on coordinating and submitting translations of
+ <p>For information on coordinating and contributing translations of
our web pages, see <a
href="/server/standards/README.translations.html">Translations
README</a>. -->
@@ -283,7 +292,7 @@
There is more detail about copyright years in the GNU Maintainers
Information document, www.gnu.org/prep/maintain. -->
-<p>Copyright © 2005, 2007, 2008, 2020 Richard Stallman</p>
+<p>Copyright © 2005, 2009, 2021 Richard Stallman</p>
<p>Cette page peut être utilisée suivant les conditions de la licence <a
rel="license"
@@ -301,11 +310,12 @@
<p class="unprintable"><!-- timestamp start -->
Dernière mise à jour :
-$Date: 2021/05/31 21:09:11 $
+$Date: 2021/08/28 16:02:44 $
<!-- timestamp end -->
</p>
</div>
</div>
+<!-- for class="inner", starts in the banner include -->
</body>
</html>
Index: software-patents.fr.html
===================================================================
RCS file: /web/www/www/philosophy/software-patents.fr.html,v
retrieving revision 1.82
retrieving revision 1.83
diff -u -b -r1.82 -r1.83
--- software-patents.fr.html 31 May 2021 21:09:11 -0000 1.82
+++ software-patents.fr.html 28 Aug 2021 16:02:44 -0000 1.83
@@ -1,30 +1,37 @@
<!--#set var="ENGLISH_PAGE" value="/philosophy/software-patents.en.html" -->
<!--#include virtual="/server/header.fr.html" -->
-<!-- Parent-Version: 1.90 -->
+<!-- Parent-Version: 1.96 -->
+<!-- This page is derived from /server/standards/boilerplate.html -->
+<!--#set var="TAGS" value="speeches" -->
+<!--#set var="DISABLE_TOP_ADDENDUM" value="yes" -->
<!-- This file is automatically generated by GNUnited Nations! -->
<title>Les brevets logiciels - Projet GNU - Free Software Foundation</title>
<!--#include virtual="/philosophy/po/software-patents.translist" -->
<!--#include virtual="/server/banner.fr.html" -->
+<!--#include virtual="/philosophy/ph-breadcrumb.fr.html" -->
+<!--GNUN: OUT-OF-DATE NOTICE-->
+<!--#include virtual="/server/top-addendum.fr.html" -->
+<div class="article reduced-width">
<h2>Les brevets logiciels, obstacles au développement logiciel</h2>
-<p>par <strong>Richard Stallman</strong></p>
+<address class="byline">par Richard Stallman</address>
-<p>
-<i>L'original de ce texte est la transcription d'une conférence de Richard
+<div class="infobox">
+<p>L'original de ce texte est la transcription d'une conférence de Richard
M. Stallman, donnée le 25 mars 2002 au <a
-href="http://www.cl.cam.ac.uk/";>Laboratoire d'informatique</a> de
+href="https://www.cl.cam.ac.uk/";>Laboratoire d'informatique</a> de
l'Université de Cambridge et organisée par la <a
-href="http://www.fipr.org/";>Foundation for Information Policy
-Research</a>. Cette transcription et son <a
-href="http://audio-video.gnu.org/audio/#patent-cambridge-2002-03-25";>enregistrement
-audio</a> ont été effectués par Nicholas Hill. La mise en page HTML et les
-liens sont de Markus Kuhn. La version originale est hébergée sur <a
-href="http://www.cl.cam.ac.uk/~mgk25/stallman-patents.html";>http://www.cl.cam.ac.uk/~mgk25/stallman-patents.html</a>.</i>
-</p>
-
+href="https://www.fipr.org/";>Foundation for Information Policy
Research</a>.</p>
+<p>Transcription (<a
+href="https://www.cl.cam.ac.uk/~mgk25/stallman-patents.html";>version
+originale</a>) et <a
+href="//audio-video.gnu.org/audio/#patent-cambridge-2002-03-25">enregistrement
+audio</a> de Nicholas Hill. Mise en page HTML et liens de Markus Kuhn.</p>
+</div>
+<hr class="thin" />
<p>
Vous êtes peut-être familiers avec mon travail sur les <a
@@ -52,7 +59,7 @@
<p>
Vous avez peut-être entendu des gens utiliser le terme « <a
-href="http://www.wipo.org/about-ip/fr/";>propriété
+href="https://www.wipo.org/about-ip/en/";>propriété
intellectuelle</a> ». Comme vous pouvez le voir, ce terme est partial. Il
présuppose que tout ce dont vous parlez doit être traité comme une sorte de
propriété. Pourtant ce n'est qu'une des nombreuses options. Ce terme de
@@ -244,12 +251,13 @@
des arguments était que les ingénieurs n'essayent pas de lire les brevets
pour apprendre quoi que ce soit, car ils sont trop difficiles Ã
comprendre. L'étude citait un ingénieur qui disait : « Je ne reconnais pas
-mes propres inventions dans ces brevets. »
+mes propres inventions dans ces brevets dans ce jargon. »
</p>
<p>
Ce n'est pas seulement théorique. Aux environs de 1990, un programmeur du
-nom de <a href="http://www.atarimagazines.com/startv2n3/hypercard.html";>Paul
+nom de <a
+href="https://www.atarimagazines.com/startv2n3/hypercard.html";>Paul
Heckel</a> a poursuivi Apple en revendiquant que HyperCard violait deux de
ses <a href="https://patents.justia.com/patent/4486857";>brevets</a>. Quand
il avait vu HyperCard pour la première fois, il ne pensait pas que cela ait
@@ -395,14 +403,14 @@
images que les gens pourraient afficher dans leurs logiciels, il se révéla
donc extrêmement difficile de passer à un algorithme différent. Nous n'avons
pas été capables de le faire en 10 ans ! Oui, un <a
-href="http://www.w3.org/Graphics/PNG/";>autre format d'image</a> a été défini
-à partir de l'algorithme Gzip lorsque les gens ont commencé à être menacés
-de poursuites judiciaires pour l'utilisation de fichiers GIF. Quand nous
-avons commencé à leur dire d'arrêter de les utiliser, de passer aux fichiers
-PNG, ils répondaient : « Nous ne pouvons pas changer. Les navigateurs ne
-gèrent pas encore le nouveau format. » Et les développeurs de navigateurs
-disaient de leur côté : « Il n'y a pas urgence. Après tout, personne
-n'utilise ce format de fichier. »
+href="https://www.w3.org/Graphics/PNG/";>autre format d'image</a> a été
+défini à partir de l'algorithme Gzip lorsque les gens ont commencé à être
+menacés de poursuites judiciaires pour l'utilisation de fichiers GIF. Quand
+nous avons commencé à leur dire d'arrêter de les utiliser, de passer aux
+fichiers PNG, ils répondaient : « Nous ne pouvons pas changer. Les
+navigateurs ne gèrent pas encore le nouveau format. » Et les développeurs
de
+navigateurs disaient de leur côté : « Il n'y a pas urgence. Après tout,
+personne n'utilise ce format de fichier. »
</p>
<p>
@@ -454,8 +462,8 @@
facto. Alors, si ce format ou ce protocole est breveté, c'est un vrai
désastre pour vous. Il y a même des standards officiels qui sont restreints
par des brevets. Il y a eu un tollé en septembre dernier quand le <a
-href="http://www.w3.org/TR/patent-practice";>World Wide Web Consortium</a> a
-proposé l'adoption de standards qui étaient couverts par des brevets. La
+href="https://www.w3.org/TR/patent-practice/";>World Wide Web Consortium</a>
+a proposé l'adoption de standards qui étaient couverts par des brevets. La
communauté a objecté et ils ont donc fait marche arrière.
Ils en sont venus à insister sur le fait que tout brevet devait pouvoir être
librement mis en Åuvre par quiconque et que chacun devait être libre
@@ -969,7 +977,7 @@
auditeurs puissent apprécier et qu'ils reconnaissent comme de la
musique. Personne n'est assez génial pour réinventer la musique et faire
quelque chose que les gens voudraient écouter. <a
-href="http://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pierre_Boulez";>Pierre Boulez</a> disait
+href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pierre_Boulez";>Pierre Boulez</a> disait
qu'il essaierait de le faire, mais qui écoute du Boulez ?
</p>
@@ -1086,9 +1094,9 @@
vu d'accélération particulière après 1990. Aux Ãtats-Unis il n'y a pas eu
de
débat politique, par contre un débat important a eu lieu en Europe. Il y a
plusieurs années, des pressions ont été exercées pour amender le traité de
-Munich qui avait mis en place l'<a href="http://www.epo.org/";>Office
+Munich qui avait mis en place l'<a href="https://www.epo.org/";>Office
européen des brevets</a>. Ce traité a une <a
-href="http://www.epo.org/law-practice/legal-texts/html/epc/1973/e/ar52.html";>clause
+href="https://www.epo.org/law-practice/legal-texts/html/epc/1973/e/ar52.html";>clause
disant que le logiciel n'est pas brevetable</a>. Ces pressions visaient Ã
l'amender pour autoriser les brevets logiciels. Mais la communauté s'en
aperçut. Ce furent en fait les développeurs et les utilisateurs de logiciel
@@ -1167,14 +1175,15 @@
droit d'auteur, qui n'a vraiment rien à voir avec les brevets logiciels
excepté qu'il est traité par les mêmes personnes. Il s'agit de
l'interprétation d'une récente directive européenne sur le copyright, une
-loi horrible semblable à la <a href="http://www.eff.org/issues/dmca";>Digital
-Millennium Copyright Act aux Ãtats-Unis</a><a id="TransNote3-rev"
+loi horrible semblable à la <a
+href="https://www.eff.org/issues/dmca";>Digital Millennium Copyright Act aux
+Ãtats-Unis</a><a id="TransNote3-rev"
href="#TransNote3"><sup>c</sup></a>. Mais les pays ont une certaine latitude
pour décider comment la transposer. Le Royaume-Uni propose le moyen le plus
draconien possible de le faire. Vous pourriez grandement réduire son pouvoir
de nuisance en la transposant correctement. Le Royaume-Uni veut maximiser
l'effet tyrannique de cette directive. Il semble qu'un certain groupe, le <a
-href="http://webarchive.nationalarchives.gov.uk/20070603164510/http://www.dti.gov.uk/";>Ministère
+href="https://webarchive.nationalarchives.gov.uk/20070603164510/http://www.dti.gov.uk/";>Ministère
du commerce et de l'industrie</a> [page archivée], ait besoin d'être
recadré. Il est nécessaire de poser des limites à son activité, de
l'empêcher de créer de nouvelles formes de pouvoir.
@@ -1202,14 +1211,15 @@
<p>
Nous devons faire prendre conscience aux dirigeants d'entreprises de ce que
peuvent leur faire les brevets logiciels. Obtenez leur soutien en <a
-href="http://www.ffii.org/";>combattant les brevets logiciels en Europe</a>.
+href="https://ffii.org/";>combattant les brevets logiciels en Europe</a>.
</p>
<p>
La bataille n'est pas terminée. Elle peut encore être gagnée.
</p>
+<div class="column-limit"></div>
-<h3>Notes</h3>
+<h3 class="footnote">Notes</h3>
<ol>
<li id="f1">Il y a approximativement 300 à 400 pièces uniques dans une
transmission
automatique et la transmission est généralement le composant le plus
@@ -1243,11 +1253,12 @@
class="nounderline">↑</a></li>
</ol>
-<hr />
-<blockquote id="fsfs"><p>Cet essai est publié dans <a
-href="http://shop.fsf.org/product/free-software-free-society/";><cite>Free
+<hr class="no-display" />
+<div class="edu-note c"><p id="fsfs">Cet essai est publié dans <a
+href="https://shop.fsf.org/product/free-software-free-society/";><cite>Free
Software, Free Society: The Selected Essays of Richard
-M. Stallman</cite></a>.</p></blockquote>
+M. Stallman</cite></a>.</p></div>
+</div>
<div class="translators-notes">
@@ -1265,7 +1276,7 @@
<!-- for id="content", starts in the include above -->
<!--#include virtual="/server/footer.fr.html" -->
-<div id="footer">
+<div id="footer" role="contentinfo">
<div class="unprintable">
<p>Veuillez envoyer les requêtes concernant la FSF et GNU à <<a
@@ -1285,7 +1296,7 @@
<web-translators@gnu.org></a>.</p>
- <p>For information on coordinating and submitting translations of
+ <p>For information on coordinating and contributing translations of
our web pages, see <a
href="/server/standards/README.translations.html">Translations
README</a>. -->
@@ -1314,7 +1325,7 @@
There is more detail about copyright years in the GNU Maintainers
Information document, www.gnu.org/prep/maintain. -->
-<p>Copyright © 2002, 2015-2020 Richard Stallman.</p>
+<p>Copyright © 2002, 2006, 2021 Richard Stallman.</p>
<p>Cette page peut être utilisée suivant les conditions de la licence <a
rel="license"
@@ -1332,7 +1343,7 @@
<p class="unprintable"><!-- timestamp start -->
Dernière mise à jour :
-$Date: 2021/05/31 21:09:11 $
+$Date: 2021/08/28 16:02:44 $
<!-- timestamp end -->
</p>
Index: stophr3028.fr.html
===================================================================
RCS file: /web/www/www/philosophy/stophr3028.fr.html,v
retrieving revision 1.57
retrieving revision 1.58
diff -u -b -r1.57 -r1.58
--- stophr3028.fr.html 31 May 2021 21:09:11 -0000 1.57
+++ stophr3028.fr.html 28 Aug 2021 16:02:44 -0000 1.58
@@ -1,30 +1,46 @@
<!--#set var="ENGLISH_PAGE" value="/philosophy/stophr3028.en.html" -->
<!--#include virtual="/server/header.fr.html" -->
-<!-- Parent-Version: 1.86 -->
+<!-- Parent-Version: 1.96 -->
+<!-- This page is derived from /server/standards/boilerplate.html -->
+<!--#set var="TAGS" value="essays cultural access" -->
+<!--#set var="DISABLE_TOP_ADDENDUM" value="yes" -->
<!-- This file is automatically generated by GNUnited Nations! -->
<title>Stoppez HRÂ 3028 - Projet GNU - Free Software Foundation</title>
+<style type="text/css" media="print,screen"><!--
+.foreword { margin: 2em 0 2em 15%; color: #444; }
+.foreword p { margin: 0; }
+.foreword p + p { text-align: right; }
+-->
+</style>
<!--#include virtual="/philosophy/po/stophr3028.translist" -->
<!--#include virtual="/server/banner.fr.html" -->
+<!--#include virtual="/philosophy/ph-breadcrumb.fr.html" -->
+<!--GNUN: OUT-OF-DATE NOTICE-->
+<!--#include virtual="/server/top-addendum.fr.html" -->
+<div class="article reduced-width">
<h2>Stoppez HR 3028 - Protégez Internet - Stoppez les monopoles des marques
déposées</h2>
-<p>
-Ceci est posté pour le compte de Marc Rotenberg <a
-href="mailto:rotenberg@epic.org";><rotenberg@epic.org></a>. Vous
-trouverez plus d'informations en suivant les liens au bas de cette page.</p>
+<address class="byline">par Marc Rotenberg <<a
+href="mailto:rotenberg@epic.org";>rotenberg@epic.org</a>></address>
+<blockquote class="foreword">
<p>
-<em>« Cette proposition de loi suit un schéma : chaque fois que le Congrès
-veut créer un nouveau monopole couvrant une activité auparavant ouverte Ã
-tous, ou étendre et accroître un ancien monopole, il applique le terme
+ Cette proposition de loi suit un schéma : chaque fois que le Congrès veut
+créer un nouveau monopole couvrant une activité auparavant ouverte à tous,
+ou étendre et accroître un ancien monopole, il applique le terme
« piratage » à l'activité libre que le monopole s'appropriera. Par
conséquent, chaque fois que vous verrez quelque chose qui est décrit comme
du « piratage », excepté pour l'abordage de bateaux, faites attention Ã
vos
-libertés ! » <cite>-- Richard Stallman</cite></em>
+libertés !</p>
+ <p>â <i>Richard Stallman</i>
</p>
+</blockquote>
+
+<p><em>Pour en savoir plus, suivez les liens au bas de cette page.</em></p>
<h3>Urgent</h3>
@@ -121,7 +137,7 @@
<ul>
<li><a
-href="https://www.congress.gov/bill/116th-congress/house-bill/3028";>Informations
+href="https://www.congress.gov/bill/106th-congress/house-bill/3028";>Informations
sur HRÂ 3028, y compris le texte de la proposition de loi</a></li>
<li><a
href="https://www.icann.org/resources/pages/help/dndr/udrp-en";>Informations
@@ -132,6 +148,7 @@
de l'<abbr title="Association for Computing Machinery">ACM</abbr> et
d'experts juridiques sur les problèmes soulevés par HR 3028</a></li>
</ul>
+</div>
<div class="translators-notes">
@@ -146,7 +163,7 @@
<!-- for id="content", starts in the include above -->
<!--#include virtual="/server/footer.fr.html" -->
-<div id="footer">
+<div id="footer" role="contentinfo">
<div class="unprintable">
<p>Veuillez envoyer les requêtes concernant la FSF et GNU à <<a
@@ -166,7 +183,7 @@
<web-translators@gnu.org></a>.</p>
- <p>For information on coordinating and submitting translations of
+ <p>For information on coordinating and contributing translations of
our web pages, see <a
href="/server/standards/README.translations.html">Translations
README</a>. -->
@@ -195,8 +212,7 @@
There is more detail about copyright years in the GNU Maintainers
Information document, www.gnu.org/prep/maintain. -->
-<p>Copyright © 1999, 2008, 2014, 2016, 2018, 2021 Free Software
-Foundation, Inc.</p>
+<p>Copyright © 1999, 2021 Free Software Foundation, Inc.</p>
<p>Cette page peut être utilisée suivant les conditions de la licence <a
rel="license"
@@ -214,7 +230,7 @@
<p class="unprintable"><!-- timestamp start -->
Dernière mise à jour :
-$Date: 2021/05/31 21:09:11 $
+$Date: 2021/08/28 16:02:44 $
<!-- timestamp end -->
</p>
Index: surveillance-vs-democracy.fr.html
===================================================================
RCS file: /web/www/www/philosophy/surveillance-vs-democracy.fr.html,v
retrieving revision 1.75
retrieving revision 1.76
diff -u -b -r1.75 -r1.76
--- surveillance-vs-democracy.fr.html 22 Aug 2021 15:31:42 -0000 1.75
+++ surveillance-vs-democracy.fr.html 28 Aug 2021 16:02:44 -0000 1.76
@@ -3,6 +3,8 @@
<!--#include virtual="/server/header.fr.html" -->
<!-- Parent-Version: 1.96 -->
<!-- This page is derived from /server/standards/boilerplate.html -->
+<!--#set var="TAGS" value="essays cultural evils" -->
+<!--#set var="DISABLE_TOP_ADDENDUM" value="yes" -->
<!-- This file is automatically generated by GNUnited Nations! -->
<title>Quel niveau de surveillance la démocratie peut-elle endurer ? -
Projet GNU -
@@ -21,22 +23,14 @@
<!-- GNUN: localize URL /graphics/dog.small.jpg -->
<!--#include virtual="/philosophy/po/surveillance-vs-democracy.translist" -->
<!--#include virtual="/server/banner.fr.html" -->
+<!--#include virtual="/philosophy/ph-breadcrumb.fr.html" -->
+<!--GNUN: OUT-OF-DATE NOTICE-->
+<!--#include virtual="/server/top-addendum.fr.html" -->
+<div class="article">
<h2 class="center">Quel niveau de surveillance la démocratie peut-elle
endurer ?</h2>
<address class="byline center">par <a href="https://www.stallman.org/";>Richard
Stallman</a></address>
-<!-- rms: I deleted the link because of Wired's announced
- anti-ad-block system -->
-<blockquote class="center"><p><em>Une version de cet article a été
initialement publiée dans
-<cite>Wired</cite> en octobre 2013.<br />
-à lire également : « <a
-href="https://www.theguardian.com/commentisfree/2018/apr/03/facebook-abusing-data-law-privacy-big-tech-surveillance";>A
-radical proposal to keep your personal data safe</a> » (une proposition
-radicale pour assurer la sécurité de vos données personnelles), publié dans
-<cite>The Guardian</cite> en avril 2018.</em></p></blockquote>
-
-<div class="article">
-
<div id="intro">
<div class="pict wide">
<a href="/graphics/dog.html">
@@ -99,7 +93,7 @@
loin encore.</p>
</div>
-<h3 class="subheader" style="clear: both">Le niveau de surveillance à ne pas
dépasser dans une démocratie</h3>
+<h3 style="clear: both">Le niveau de surveillance à ne pas dépasser dans une
démocratie</h3>
<div class="columns">
<p>Si les lanceurs d'alerte n'osent pas révéler les crimes, délits et
@@ -136,7 +130,7 @@
journaliste ou comme opposant.</p>
</div>
-<h3 class="subheader">L'information, une fois collectée, sera utilisée à de
mauvaises fins</h3>
+<h3>L'information, une fois collectée, sera utilisée à de mauvaises
fins</h3>
<div class="columns">
<p id="willbemisused">Quand les gens reconnaissent que la surveillance
généralisée atteint un
@@ -232,7 +226,7 @@
l'Ãtat.</p>
</div>
-<h3 class="subheader">Une protection solide de la vie privée doit être
technique</h3>
+<h3>Une protection solide de la vie privée doit être technique</h3>
<div class="columns">
<p>L'Electronic Frontier Foundation ainsi que d'autres structures propose un
@@ -266,7 +260,7 @@
ne pas l'appliquer momentanément, cela n'aurait presque aucun sens.</p>
</div>
-<h3 class="subheader">En premier lieu, ne soyez pas imprudent</h3>
+<h3>En premier lieu, ne soyez pas imprudent</h3>
<div class="columns">
<p>Pour conserver une vie privée, il ne faut pas la jeter aux orties : le
@@ -315,7 +309,7 @@
gens qui sont pas légitimement suspects.</p>
</div>
-<h3 class="subheader">Nous devons intégrer à chaque système le respect de
la vie privée</h3>
+<h3>Nous devons intégrer à chaque système le respect de la vie privée</h3>
<div class="columns">
<p>Si nous ne voulons pas d'une société de surveillance totale, nous devons
@@ -339,7 +333,7 @@
numériques, dès leur conception [<a href="#ambientprivacy">1</a>].</p>
</div>
-<h3 class="subheader">Remède à la collecte de données : les garder
dispersées</h3>
+<h3>Remède à la collecte de données : les garder dispersées</h3>
<div class="columns">
<p id="dispersal">Pour rendre la surveillance possible sans porter atteinte Ã
la vie privée,
@@ -384,7 +378,17 @@
autre question.</p>
</div>
-<h3 id="digitalcash" class="subheader">Remède à la surveillance du commerce
sur Internet</h3>
+<div class="announcement comment" role="complementary">
+<hr class="no-display" />
+<p>à lire également : « <a
+href="https://www.theguardian.com/commentisfree/2018/apr/03/facebook-abusing-data-law-privacy-big-tech-surveillance";>A
+radical proposal to keep your personal data safe</a> » (une proposition
+radicale pour assurer la sécurité de vos données personnelles), publié dans
+<cite>The Guardian</cite> en avril 2018.</p>
+<hr class="no-display" />
+</div>
+
+<h3 id="digitalcash">Remède à la surveillance du commerce sur Internet</h3>
<div class="columns">
<p>La collecte de données provient essentiellement des activités numériques
@@ -455,7 +459,7 @@
vous.</p>
</div>
-<h3 class="subheader">Remède à la surveillance des déplacements</h3>
+<h3>Remède à la surveillance des déplacements</h3>
<div class="columns">
<p>Nous devons convertir la collecte numérique de péage en paiement anonyme
@@ -521,7 +525,7 @@
l'identité du client.</p>
</div>
-<h3 class="subheader">Remède aux dossiers sur les communications</h3>
+<h3>Remède aux dossiers sur les communications</h3>
<div class="columns">
<p>Les fournisseurs de services Internet et les compagnies de téléphone
@@ -571,7 +575,7 @@
destinataire.</p>
</div>
-<h3 class="subheader">Mais un minimum de surveillance est nécessaire.</h3>
+<h3>Mais un minimum de surveillance est nécessaire.</h3>
<div class="columns">
<p>Pour que l'Ãtat puisse identifier les auteurs de crimes ou délits, il doit
@@ -649,6 +653,15 @@
href="https://idlewords.com/2019/06/the_new_wilderness.htm";>respect ambient
de la vie privée</a>.</li>
</ol>
+
+<div class="infobox extra">
+<hr />
+
+<!-- rms: I deleted the link because of Wired's announced
+ anti-ad-block system -->
+<p>Une version de cet article a été initialement publiée dans
+<cite>Wired</cite> en octobre 2013.</p>
+</div>
</div>
<div class="translators-notes">
@@ -730,7 +743,7 @@
There is more detail about copyright years in the GNU Maintainers
Information document, www.gnu.org/prep/maintain. -->
-<p>Copyright © 2015-2021 Richard Stallman</p>
+<p>Copyright © 2013-2019, 2021 Richard Stallman</p>
<p>Cette page peut être utilisée suivant les conditions de la licence <a
rel="license"
@@ -750,7 +763,7 @@
<p class="unprintable"><!-- timestamp start -->
Dernière mise à jour :
-$Date: 2021/08/22 15:31:42 $
+$Date: 2021/08/28 16:02:44 $
<!-- timestamp end -->
</p>
Index: the-danger-of-ebooks.fr.html
===================================================================
RCS file: /web/www/www/philosophy/the-danger-of-ebooks.fr.html,v
retrieving revision 1.46
retrieving revision 1.47
diff -u -b -r1.46 -r1.47
--- the-danger-of-ebooks.fr.html 31 May 2021 21:09:11 -0000 1.46
+++ the-danger-of-ebooks.fr.html 28 Aug 2021 16:02:44 -0000 1.47
@@ -1,16 +1,25 @@
<!--#set var="ENGLISH_PAGE" value="/philosophy/the-danger-of-ebooks.en.html"
-->
<!--#include virtual="/server/header.fr.html" -->
-<!-- Parent-Version: 1.90 -->
+<!-- Parent-Version: 1.96 -->
+<!-- This page is derived from /server/standards/boilerplate.html -->
+<!--#set var="TAGS" value="essays cultural access" -->
+<!--#set var="DISABLE_TOP_ADDENDUM" value="yes" -->
<!-- This file is automatically generated by GNUnited Nations! -->
<title>Le danger des livres électroniques - Projet GNU - Free Software
Foundation</title>
<!--#include virtual="/philosophy/po/the-danger-of-ebooks.translist" -->
<!--#include virtual="/server/banner.fr.html" -->
+<!--#include virtual="/philosophy/ph-breadcrumb.fr.html" -->
+<!--GNUN: OUT-OF-DATE NOTICE-->
+<!--#include virtual="/server/top-addendum.fr.html" -->
+<div class="article reduced-width">
<h2>Le danger des livres électroniques</h2>
-<p class="comment">à une époque où les entreprises dominent nos
gouvernements et écrivent nos
+<address class="byline">par Richard Stallman</address>
+
+<p>à une époque où les entreprises dominent nos gouvernements et écrivent
nos
lois, chaque avancée technologique leur offre une bonne occasion d'imposer
des restrictions supplémentaires au public. Les technologies qui auraient pu
nous donner plus d'autonomie sont à la place utilisées pour nous
enchaîner.</p>
@@ -55,7 +64,7 @@
<p>Chacune de ces violations est une régression pour les livres électroniques
par rapport aux livres imprimés. Nous devons rejeter les livres
électroniques jusqu'à ce qu'ils respectent notre liberté [<a
-href="#footnote2">2</a>].</p>
+href="#footnote2">1</a>].</p>
<p>Les entreprises vendant des livres électroniques disent qu'abolir nos
libertés usuelles est une nécessité afin de continuer à payer les
@@ -67,7 +76,7 @@
<ul>
<li>distribuer la recette d'une taxe aux auteurs en fonction de la racine
-cubique de leur popularité [<a href="#footnote1">1</a>] ;</li>
+cubique de leur popularité [<a href="#footnote1">2</a>] ;</li>
<li>construire des lecteurs qui permettent aux utilisateurs de payer les
auteurs
de manière anonyme et volontaire.</li>
</ul>
@@ -76,25 +85,27 @@
projet Gutenberg ne le font pas), mais ils le feront si les entreprises le
décident. C'est à nous de les en empêcher.</p>
-<blockquote class="announcement">
-<p>Rejoignez le combat : inscrivez-vous sur <a
-href="http://DefectiveByDesign.org/ebooks.html";>
-http://DefectiveByDesign.org/ebooks.html</a>.</p>
-</blockquote>
+<div class="announcement comment" role="complementary">
+<hr class="no-display" />
+<p>Rejoignez le combat : inscrivez-vous à notre <a
+href="https://www.defectivebydesign.org/ebooks.html";>liste de discussion sur
+les dangers des livres électroniques</a>.</p>
+<hr class="no-display" />
+</div>
-<div class="column-limit"></div>
-<h3 style="font-size: 1.2em">Notes</h3>
+<h3 class="footnote">Notes</h3>
<ol>
+<li id="footnote2">[2019] Pour montrer que nous rejetons la liseuse d'Amazon,
nous l'appelons
+<a href="/philosophy/why-call-it-the-swindle.html"><i>the Swindle</i></a>
+(l'arnaqueuse).</li>
<li id="footnote1">Vous trouverez des renseignements complémentaires dans ma
conférence « <a
href="/philosophy/copyright-versus-community.html">Copyright contre
communauté à l'âge des réseaux informatiques</a> » et dans <a
-href="http://stallman.org/articles/internet-sharing-license.en.html";> ma
+href="https://stallman.org/articles/internet-sharing-license.en.html";> ma
lettre ouverte de 2012 à Monsieur José Sarney, président du Sénat
brésilien</a>.</li>
-<li id="footnote2">[2019] Pour montrer que nous rejetons la liseuse d'Amazon,
nous l'appelons
-<a href="/philosophy/why-call-it-the-swindle.html"><i>the Swindle</i></a>
-(l'arnaqueuse).</li>
</ol>
+</div>
<div class="translators-notes">
@@ -104,7 +115,7 @@
<!-- for id="content", starts in the include above -->
<!--#include virtual="/server/footer.fr.html" -->
-<div id="footer">
+<div id="footer" role="contentinfo">
<div class="unprintable">
<p>Veuillez envoyer les requêtes concernant la FSF et GNU à <<a
@@ -124,7 +135,7 @@
<web-translators@gnu.org></a>.</p>
- <p>For information on coordinating and submitting translations of
+ <p>For information on coordinating and contributing translations of
our web pages, see <a
href="/server/standards/README.translations.html">Translations
README</a>. -->
@@ -153,7 +164,7 @@
There is more detail about copyright years in the GNU Maintainers
Information document, www.gnu.org/prep/maintain. -->
-<p>Copyright © 2011, 2014, 2015, 2016, 2019 Richard Stallman</p>
+<p>Copyright © 2011, 2015, 2021 Richard Stallman</p>
<p>Cette page peut être utilisée suivant les conditions de la licence <a
rel="license"
@@ -171,11 +182,12 @@
<p class="unprintable"><!-- timestamp start -->
Dernière mise à jour :
-$Date: 2021/05/31 21:09:11 $
+$Date: 2021/08/28 16:02:44 $
<!-- timestamp end -->
</p>
</div>
</div>
+<!-- for class="inner", starts in the banner include -->
</body>
</html>
Index: why-copyleft.fr.html
===================================================================
RCS file: /web/www/www/philosophy/why-copyleft.fr.html,v
retrieving revision 1.76
retrieving revision 1.77
diff -u -b -r1.76 -r1.77
--- why-copyleft.fr.html 19 Aug 2021 08:13:22 -0000 1.76
+++ why-copyleft.fr.html 28 Aug 2021 16:02:44 -0000 1.77
@@ -8,21 +8,15 @@
<!-- This file is automatically generated by GNUnited Nations! -->
<title>Pourquoi le copyleft ? - Projet GNU - Free Software Foundation</title>
-<style type="text/css" media="print,screen"><!--
-.epigraph { text-align: right; color: #404040; }
-.epigraph p { display: inline-block; text-align: left; width: 80%; }
--->
-</style>
<!--#include virtual="/philosophy/po/why-copyleft.translist" -->
<!--#include virtual="/server/banner.fr.html" -->
<!--#include virtual="/philosophy/ph-breadcrumb.fr.html" -->
<!--GNUN: OUT-OF-DATE NOTICE-->
<!--#include virtual="/server/top-addendum.fr.html" -->
-<div class="reduced-width">
+<div class="article reduced-width">
<h2>Pourquoi le copyleft ?</h2>
-<div class="article">
<div class="important">
<p><em>« Quand il s'agit de défendre la liberté d'autrui, ne pas résister
et
laisser faire est un acte de faiblesse, non d'humilité. »</em></p>
@@ -85,7 +79,6 @@
privatrice du système MINIX</a>, libre mais sans copyleft.</li>
</ul>
</div>
-</div>
<div class="translators-notes">
@@ -162,7 +155,7 @@
<p class="unprintable"><!-- timestamp start -->
Dernière mise à jour :
-$Date: 2021/08/19 08:13:22 $
+$Date: 2021/08/28 16:02:44 $
<!-- timestamp end -->
</p>
Index: why-free.fr.html
===================================================================
RCS file: /web/www/www/philosophy/why-free.fr.html,v
retrieving revision 1.83
retrieving revision 1.84
diff -u -b -r1.83 -r1.84
--- why-free.fr.html 19 Aug 2021 08:13:22 -0000 1.83
+++ why-free.fr.html 28 Aug 2021 16:02:44 -0000 1.84
@@ -18,12 +18,11 @@
<!--#include virtual="/philosophy/ph-breadcrumb.fr.html" -->
<!--GNUN: OUT-OF-DATE NOTICE-->
<!--#include virtual="/server/top-addendum.fr.html" -->
-<div class="reduced-width">
+<div class="article reduced-width">
<h2>Pourquoi les logiciels ne doivent pas avoir de propriétaire</h2>
<address class="byline">par <a href="http://www.stallman.org/";>Richard
Stallman</a></address>
-<div class="article">
<p>
Les techniques numériques de l'information contribuent à l'intérêt
général
en rendant plus commodes sa copie et sa modification. Les ordinateurs
@@ -334,20 +333,17 @@
<p>
Vous méritez du logiciel libre.</p>
<div class="column-limit"></div>
-</div>
<h3 class="footnote">Note</h3>
<ol>
<li id="footnote1">Les poursuites furent ensuite abandonnées.</li>
</ol>
-<hr class="thin" />
-<div id="fsfs" role="complementary">
-<p>Cet essai est publié dans le livre <a
+<hr class="no-display" />
+<div class="edu-note c"><p id="fsfs">Cet essai est publié dans le livre <a
href="https://shop.fsf.org/product/free-software-free-society/";><cite>Free
Software, Free Society: The Selected Essays of Richard
-M. Stallman</cite></a>.</p>
-</div>
+M. Stallman</cite></a>.</p></div>
</div>
<div class="translators-notes">
@@ -432,7 +428,7 @@
<p class="unprintable"><!-- timestamp start -->
Dernière mise à jour :
-$Date: 2021/08/19 08:13:22 $
+$Date: 2021/08/28 16:02:44 $
<!-- timestamp end -->
</p>
Index: words-to-avoid.fr.html
===================================================================
RCS file: /web/www/www/philosophy/words-to-avoid.fr.html,v
retrieving revision 1.207
retrieving revision 1.208
diff -u -b -r1.207 -r1.208
--- words-to-avoid.fr.html 19 Aug 2021 08:13:22 -0000 1.207
+++ words-to-avoid.fr.html 28 Aug 2021 16:02:44 -0000 1.208
@@ -1414,11 +1414,11 @@
</p>
<!-- GNUN-SORT-STOP -->
-<hr class="thin" />
-<p id="fsfs">Cet essai est publié dans <a
+<hr class="no-display" />
+<div class="edu-note c"><p id="fsfs">Cet essai est publié dans <a
href="https://shop.fsf.org/product/free-software-free-society/";><cite>Free
Software, Free Society: The Selected Essays of Richard
-M. Stallman</cite></a>.</p>
+M. Stallman</cite></a>.</p></div>
</div>
<div class="translators-notes">
@@ -1523,7 +1523,7 @@
<p class="unprintable"><!-- timestamp start -->
Dernière mise à jour :
-$Date: 2021/08/19 08:13:22 $
+$Date: 2021/08/28 16:02:44 $
<!-- timestamp end -->
</p>
Index: po/free-sw.fr-en.html
===================================================================
RCS file: /web/www/www/philosophy/po/free-sw.fr-en.html,v
retrieving revision 1.73
retrieving revision 1.74
diff -u -b -r1.73 -r1.74
--- po/free-sw.fr-en.html 19 Aug 2021 08:13:25 -0000 1.73
+++ po/free-sw.fr-en.html 28 Aug 2021 16:02:45 -0000 1.74
@@ -20,7 +20,6 @@
<!--#include virtual="/philosophy/ph-breadcrumb.html" -->
<!--GNUN: OUT-OF-DATE NOTICE-->
<!--#include virtual="/server/top-addendum.html" -->
-<div class="reduced-width">
<h2>What is Free Software?</h2>
<div class="thin"></div>
@@ -548,80 +547,80 @@
<ul>
-<li><a
href="http://web.cvs.savannah.gnu.org/viewvc/www/philosophy/free-sw.html?root=www&r1=1.168&r2=1.169";>Version
+<li><a
href="//web.cvs.savannah.gnu.org/viewvc/www/philosophy/free-sw.html?root=www&r1=1.168&r2=1.169">Version
1.169</a>: Explain more clearly why the four freedoms must apply
to commercial activity. Explain why the four freedoms imply the
freedom not to run the program and the freedom to delete it, so there
is no need to state those as separate requirements.</li>
-<li><a
href="http://web.cvs.savannah.gnu.org/viewvc/www/philosophy/free-sw.html?root=www&r1=1.164&r2=1.165";>Version
+<li><a
href="//web.cvs.savannah.gnu.org/viewvc/www/philosophy/free-sw.html?root=www&r1=1.164&r2=1.165">Version
1.165</a>: Clarify that arbitrary annoyances in the code do not
negate freedom 0, and that freedoms 1 and 3 enable users to remove them.</li>
-<li><a
href="http://web.cvs.savannah.gnu.org/viewvc/www/philosophy/free-sw.html?root=www&r1=1.152&r2=1.153";>Version
+<li><a
href="//web.cvs.savannah.gnu.org/viewvc/www/philosophy/free-sw.html?root=www&r1=1.152&r2=1.153">Version
1.153</a>: Clarify that freedom to run the program means nothing stops
you from making it run.</li>
-<li><a
href="http://web.cvs.savannah.gnu.org/viewvc/www/philosophy/free-sw.html?root=www&r1=1.140&r2=1.141";>Version
+<li><a
href="//web.cvs.savannah.gnu.org/viewvc/www/philosophy/free-sw.html?root=www&r1=1.140&r2=1.141">Version
1.141</a>: Clarify which code needs to be free.</li>
-<li><a
href="http://web.cvs.savannah.gnu.org/viewvc/www/philosophy/free-sw.html?root=www&r1=1.134&r2=1.135";>Version
+<li><a
href="//web.cvs.savannah.gnu.org/viewvc/www/philosophy/free-sw.html?root=www&r1=1.134&r2=1.135">Version
1.135</a>: Say each time that freedom 0 is the freedom to run the program
as you wish.</li>
-<li><a
href="http://web.cvs.savannah.gnu.org/viewvc/www/philosophy/free-sw.html?root=www&r1=1.133&r2=1.134";>Version
+<li><a
href="//web.cvs.savannah.gnu.org/viewvc/www/philosophy/free-sw.html?root=www&r1=1.133&r2=1.134">Version
1.134</a>: Freedom 0 is not a matter of the program's functionality.</li>
-<li><a
href="http://web.cvs.savannah.gnu.org/viewvc/www/philosophy/free-sw.html?root=www&r1=1.130&r2=1.131";>Version
+<li><a
href="//web.cvs.savannah.gnu.org/viewvc/www/philosophy/free-sw.html?root=www&r1=1.130&r2=1.131">Version
1.131</a>: A free license may not require compliance with a nonfree license
of another program.</li>
-<li><a
href="http://web.cvs.savannah.gnu.org/viewvc/www/philosophy/free-sw.html?root=www&r1=1.128&r2=1.129";>Version
+<li><a
href="//web.cvs.savannah.gnu.org/viewvc/www/philosophy/free-sw.html?root=www&r1=1.128&r2=1.129">Version
1.129</a>: State explicitly that choice of law and choice of forum
specifications are allowed. (This was always our policy.)</li>
-<li><a
href="http://web.cvs.savannah.gnu.org/viewvc/www/philosophy/free-sw.html?root=www&r1=1.121&r2=1.122";>Version
+<li><a
href="//web.cvs.savannah.gnu.org/viewvc/www/philosophy/free-sw.html?root=www&r1=1.121&r2=1.122">Version
1.122</a>: An export control requirement is a real problem if the
requirement is nontrivial; otherwise it is only a potential problem.</li>
-<li><a
href="http://web.cvs.savannah.gnu.org/viewvc/www/philosophy/free-sw.html?root=www&r1=1.117&r2=1.118";>Version
+<li><a
href="//web.cvs.savannah.gnu.org/viewvc/www/philosophy/free-sw.html?root=www&r1=1.117&r2=1.118">Version
1.118</a>: Clarification: the issue is limits on your right to modify,
not on what modifications you have made. And modifications are not limited
to “improvements”</li>
-<li><a
href="http://web.cvs.savannah.gnu.org/viewvc/www/philosophy/free-sw.html?root=www&r1=1.110&r2=1.111";>Version
+<li><a
href="//web.cvs.savannah.gnu.org/viewvc/www/philosophy/free-sw.html?root=www&r1=1.110&r2=1.111">Version
1.111</a>: Clarify 1.77 by saying that only
retroactive <em>restrictions</em> are unacceptable. The copyright
holders can always grant additional <em>permission</em> for use of the
work by releasing the work in another way in parallel.</li>
-<li><a
href="http://web.cvs.savannah.gnu.org/viewvc/www/philosophy/free-sw.html?root=www&r1=1.104&r2=1.105";>Version
+<li><a
href="//web.cvs.savannah.gnu.org/viewvc/www/philosophy/free-sw.html?root=www&r1=1.104&r2=1.105">Version
1.105</a>: Reflect, in the brief statement of freedom 1, the point
(already stated in version 1.80) that it includes really using your modified
version for your computing.</li>
-<li><a
href="http://web.cvs.savannah.gnu.org/viewvc/www/philosophy/free-sw.html?root=www&r1=1.91&r2=1.92";>Version
+<li><a
href="//web.cvs.savannah.gnu.org/viewvc/www/philosophy/free-sw.html?root=www&r1=1.91&r2=1.92">Version
1.92</a>: Clarify that obfuscated code does not qualify as source code.</li>
-<li><a
href="http://web.cvs.savannah.gnu.org/viewvc/www/philosophy/free-sw.html?root=www&r1=1.89&r2=1.90";>Version
+<li><a
href="//web.cvs.savannah.gnu.org/viewvc/www/philosophy/free-sw.html?root=www&r1=1.89&r2=1.90">Version
1.90</a>: Clarify that freedom 3 means the right to distribute copies
of your own modified or improved version, not a right to participate
in someone else's development project.</li>
-<li><a
href="http://web.cvs.savannah.gnu.org/viewvc/www/philosophy/free-sw.html?root=www&r1=1.88&r2=1.89";>Version
+<li><a
href="//web.cvs.savannah.gnu.org/viewvc/www/philosophy/free-sw.html?root=www&r1=1.88&r2=1.89">Version
1.89</a>: Freedom 3 includes the right to release modified versions as
free software.</li>
-<li><a
href="http://web.cvs.savannah.gnu.org/viewvc/www/philosophy/free-sw.html?root=www&r1=1.79&r2=1.80";>Version
+<li><a
href="//web.cvs.savannah.gnu.org/viewvc/www/philosophy/free-sw.html?root=www&r1=1.79&r2=1.80">Version
1.80</a>: Freedom 1 must be practical, not just theoretical;
i.e., no tivoization.</li>
-<li><a
href="http://web.cvs.savannah.gnu.org/viewvc/www/philosophy/free-sw.html?root=www&r1=1.76&r2=1.77";>Version
+<li><a
href="//web.cvs.savannah.gnu.org/viewvc/www/philosophy/free-sw.html?root=www&r1=1.76&r2=1.77">Version
1.77</a>: Clarify that all retroactive changes to the license are
unacceptable, even if it's not described as a complete
replacement.</li>
-<li><a
href="http://web.cvs.savannah.gnu.org/viewvc/www/philosophy/free-sw.html?root=www&r1=1.73&r2=1.74";>Version
+<li><a
href="//web.cvs.savannah.gnu.org/viewvc/www/philosophy/free-sw.html?root=www&r1=1.73&r2=1.74">Version
1.74</a>: Four clarifications of points not explicit enough, or stated
in some places but not reflected everywhere:
<ul>
@@ -635,38 +634,38 @@
</ul>
</li>
-<li><a
href="http://web.cvs.savannah.gnu.org/viewvc/www/philosophy/free-sw.html?root=www&r1=1.56&r2=1.57";>Version
+<li><a
href="//web.cvs.savannah.gnu.org/viewvc/www/philosophy/free-sw.html?root=www&r1=1.56&r2=1.57">Version
1.57</a>: Add "Beyond Software" section.</li>
-<li><a
href="http://web.cvs.savannah.gnu.org/viewvc/www/philosophy/free-sw.html?root=www&r1=1.45&r2=1.46";>Version
+<li><a
href="//web.cvs.savannah.gnu.org/viewvc/www/philosophy/free-sw.html?root=www&r1=1.45&r2=1.46">Version
1.46</a>: Clarify whose purpose is significant in the freedom to run
the program for any purpose.</li>
-<li><a
href="http://web.cvs.savannah.gnu.org/viewvc/www/philosophy/free-sw.html?root=www&r1=1.40&r2=1.41";>Version
+<li><a
href="//web.cvs.savannah.gnu.org/viewvc/www/philosophy/free-sw.html?root=www&r1=1.40&r2=1.41">Version
1.41</a>: Clarify wording about contract-based licenses.</li>
-<li><a
href="http://web.cvs.savannah.gnu.org/viewvc/www/philosophy/free-sw.html?root=www&r1=1.39&r2=1.40";>Version
+<li><a
href="//web.cvs.savannah.gnu.org/viewvc/www/philosophy/free-sw.html?root=www&r1=1.39&r2=1.40">Version
1.40</a>: Explain that a free license must allow to you use other
available free software to create your modifications.</li>
-<li><a
href="http://web.cvs.savannah.gnu.org/viewvc/www/philosophy/free-sw.html?root=www&r1=1.38&r2=1.39";>Version
+<li><a
href="//web.cvs.savannah.gnu.org/viewvc/www/philosophy/free-sw.html?root=www&r1=1.38&r2=1.39">Version
1.39</a>: Note that it is acceptable for a license to require you to
provide source for versions of the software you put into public
use.</li>
-<li><a
href="http://web.cvs.savannah.gnu.org/viewvc/www/philosophy/free-sw.html?root=www&r1=1.30&r2=1.31";>Version
+<li><a
href="//web.cvs.savannah.gnu.org/viewvc/www/philosophy/free-sw.html?root=www&r1=1.30&r2=1.31">Version
1.31</a>: Note that it is acceptable for a license to require you to
identify yourself as the author of modifications. Other minor
clarifications throughout the text.</li>
-<li><a
href="http://web.cvs.savannah.gnu.org/viewvc/www/philosophy/free-sw.html?root=www&r1=1.22&r2=1.23";>Version
+<li><a
href="//web.cvs.savannah.gnu.org/viewvc/www/philosophy/free-sw.html?root=www&r1=1.22&r2=1.23">Version
1.23</a>: Address potential problems related to contract-based
licenses.</li>
-<li><a
href="http://web.cvs.savannah.gnu.org/viewvc/www/philosophy/free-sw.html?root=www&r1=1.15&r2=1.16";>Version
+<li><a
href="//web.cvs.savannah.gnu.org/viewvc/www/philosophy/free-sw.html?root=www&r1=1.15&r2=1.16">Version
1.16</a>: Explain why distribution of binaries is important.</li>
-<li><a
href="http://web.cvs.savannah.gnu.org/viewvc/www/philosophy/free-sw.html?root=www&r1=1.10&r2=1.11";>Version
+<li><a
href="//web.cvs.savannah.gnu.org/viewvc/www/philosophy/free-sw.html?root=www&r1=1.10&r2=1.11">Version
1.11</a>: Note that a free license may require you to send a copy of
versions you distribute to previous developers on request.</li>
@@ -677,7 +676,7 @@
interpretations. For instance, the list does not include changes in
asides, formatting, spelling, punctuation, or other parts of the page.
You can review the complete list of changes to the page through
-the <a
href="http://web.cvs.savannah.gnu.org/viewvc/www/philosophy/free-sw.html?root=www&view=log";>cvsweb
+the <a
href="//web.cvs.savannah.gnu.org/viewvc/www/philosophy/free-sw.html?root=www&view=log">cvsweb
interface</a>.</p>
<hr class="column-limit" />
@@ -689,7 +688,6 @@
It was clearly more basic than the other three, so it properly should
precede them. Rather than renumber the others, we made it freedom 0.</li>
</ol>
-</div>
</div><!-- for id="content", starts in the include above -->
<!--#include virtual="/server/footer.html" -->
@@ -749,7 +747,7 @@
<p class="unprintable">Updated:
<!-- timestamp start -->
-$Date: 2021/08/19 08:13:25 $
+$Date: 2021/08/28 16:02:45 $
<!-- timestamp end -->
</p>
</div>
Index: po/privacyaction.fr-en.html
===================================================================
RCS file: /web/www/www/philosophy/po/privacyaction.fr-en.html,v
retrieving revision 1.33
retrieving revision 1.34
diff -u -b -r1.33 -r1.34
--- po/privacyaction.fr-en.html 15 Dec 2018 14:46:40 -0000 1.33
+++ po/privacyaction.fr-en.html 28 Aug 2021 16:02:45 -0000 1.34
@@ -1,15 +1,25 @@
<!--#include virtual="/server/header.html" -->
-<!-- Parent-Version: 1.86 -->
+<!-- Parent-Version: 1.96 -->
+<!-- This page is derived from /server/standards/boilerplate.html -->
+<!--#set var="TAGS" value="essays cultural evils" -->
+<!--#set var="DISABLE_TOP_ADDENDUM" value="yes" -->
<title>Protect Postal Privacy
- GNU Project - Free Software Foundation</title>
<!--#include virtual="/philosophy/po/privacyaction.translist" -->
<!--#include virtual="/server/banner.html" -->
+<!--#include virtual="/philosophy/ph-breadcrumb.html" -->
+<!--GNUN: OUT-OF-DATE NOTICE-->
+<!--#include virtual="/server/top-addendum.html" -->
+<div class="reduced-width">
<h2>Protect Postal Privacy</h2>
-<p>
-The following information was written by Kathleen Ellis. The Free
+<address class="byline">by Kathleen Ellis</address>
+
+<div class="comment">
+<p>The Free
Software Foundation does not lead this campaign, but we support it by
spreading the word and hope that you do too.</p>
+</div>
<h3>Background</h3>
<p>
@@ -20,7 +30,7 @@
anonymous mail transactions, and could put millions of CMRA
customers in danger. Any CMRA or CMRA customer who refuses to
comply with this regulation would effectively lose their right to
-recieve mail.</p>
+receive mail.</p>
<p>
The proposed regulation (published in the Federal Register on March
25, 1999) requires that CMRAs collect names, home addresses,
@@ -38,7 +48,7 @@
serve as a deterrent to criminals. “It will be a simple process
for those with financial means to rent homes, apartments, office
space, or the executive suites available in most major metropolitan
-areas”, says Postal Watch's website.</p>
+area,” says Postal Watch's website.</p>
<p>
Congressman Ron Paul has introduced House Joint Resolution 55, which
would effectively revoke the Postal Service's new regulations
@@ -65,14 +75,15 @@
For further information, see the following web pages:
<ul>
- <li><a href="http://www.privacy.org/";>Privacy.org</a></li>
+ <li>Privacy.org [in 2021: <a href="https://www.epic.org/";>epic.org</a>]</li>
<li><a
href="https://www.congress.gov/bill/106th-congress/house-joint-resolution/55";>
- H.J.Res.55 – 106th Congress</a></li>
+ H.J.Res.55—106th Congress</a></li>
</ul>
+</div>
</div><!-- for id="content", starts in the include above -->
<!--#include virtual="/server/footer.html" -->
-<div id="footer">
+<div id="footer" role="contentinfo">
<div class="unprintable">
<p>Please send general FSF & GNU inquiries to
@@ -90,13 +101,13 @@
to <a href="mailto:web-translators@gnu.org";>
<web-translators@gnu.org></a>.</p>
- <p>For information on coordinating and submitting translations of
+ <p>For information on coordinating and contributing translations of
our web pages, see <a
href="/server/standards/README.translations.html">Translations
README</a>. -->
Please see the <a
href="/server/standards/README.translations.html">Translations
-README</a> for information on coordinating and submitting translations
+README</a> for information on coordinating and contributing translations
of this article.</p>
</div>
@@ -117,8 +128,7 @@
There is more detail about copyright years in the GNU Maintainers
Information document, www.gnu.org/prep/maintain. -->
-<p>Copyright © 1996, 1997, 1998, 2007, 2008, 2018 Free Software
-Foundation, Inc.</p>
+<p>Copyright © 1996, 2021 Free Software Foundation, Inc.</p>
<p>This page is licensed under a <a rel="license"
href="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nd/4.0/";>Creative
@@ -128,7 +138,7 @@
<p class="unprintable">Updated:
<!-- timestamp start -->
-$Date: 2018/12/15 14:46:40 $
+$Date: 2021/08/28 16:02:45 $
<!-- timestamp end -->
</p>
</div>
Index: po/right-to-read.fr-en.html
===================================================================
RCS file: /web/www/www/philosophy/po/right-to-read.fr-en.html,v
retrieving revision 1.65
retrieving revision 1.66
diff -u -b -r1.65 -r1.66
--- po/right-to-read.fr-en.html 26 Oct 2020 13:34:18 -0000 1.65
+++ po/right-to-read.fr-en.html 28 Aug 2021 16:02:46 -0000 1.66
@@ -1,20 +1,20 @@
<!--#include virtual="/server/header.html" -->
-<!-- Parent-Version: 1.90 -->
+<!-- Parent-Version: 1.96 -->
+<!-- This page is derived from /server/standards/boilerplate.html -->
+<!--#set var="TAGS" value="essays cultural access" -->
+<!--#set var="DISABLE_TOP_ADDENDUM" value="yes" -->
<title>The Right to Read
- GNU Project - Free Software Foundation</title>
<style type="text/css" media="print,screen"><!--
-blockquote, .comment {
- font-style: italic;
-}
-blockquote cite {
- font-style: normal;
-}
.announcement {
text-align: center;
+ box-sizing: border-box;
background: #f5f5f5;
- border-left: .3em solid #fc7;
- border-right: .3em solid #fc7;
- margin: 2.5em 0;
+ border-left: .4em solid #5c5;
+ border-right: .4em solid #5c5;
+ border-top: .1em solid #5c5;
+ border-bottom: .1em solid #5c5;
+ margin: 2.5em auto;
}
#AuthorsNote ul, #AuthorsNote li {
margin: 0;
@@ -39,18 +39,10 @@
#BadNews p.emph-box {
margin: 2.5em 6% 1em;
}
-#References {
- margin: 3em 0 2em;
-}
-#References h3 {
- font-size: 1.2em;
-}
@media (min-width: 55em) {
#AuthorsNote .columns > p:first-child,
- #AuthorsNote li p.inline-block {
- margin-top: 0;
- }
- .comment { text-align: center; }
+ #AuthorsNote li p.inline-block { margin-top: 0; }
+ .update { font-style: italic; text-align: center; }
.table { display: table; }
.table-cell {
display: table-cell;
@@ -59,35 +51,32 @@
}
.left { padding-right: .75em; }
.right { padding-left: .75em; }
- }
}-->
<!--#if expr="$LANGUAGE_SUFFIX = /[.](ar|fa|he)/" -->
<!--
@media (min-width: 55em) {
- .left { padding-left: .75em; }
- .right { padding-right: .75em; }
- }
+ .left { padding-left: .75em; padding-right: 0; }
+ .right { padding-right: .75em; padding-left: 0; }
}-->
<!--#endif -->
</style>
<!--#include virtual="/philosophy/po/right-to-read.translist" -->
<!--#include virtual="/server/banner.html" -->
+<!--#include virtual="/philosophy/ph-breadcrumb.html" -->
+<!--GNUN: OUT-OF-DATE NOTICE-->
+<!--#include virtual="/server/top-addendum.html" -->
+<div class="article">
<h2 class="center">The Right to Read</h2>
<address class="byline center">
-by <a href="http://www.stallman.org/";>Richard Stallman</a></address>
-<p class="center">
-<em>This article appeared in the February 1997 issue
-of <cite>Communications of the ACM</cite> (Volume 40, Number
-2).</em></p>
-<hr class="thin" />
+by <a href="https://www.stallman.org/";>Richard Stallman</a></address>
-<div class="article">
-<blockquote class="center comment"><p>
+<p class="infobox c">
From <cite>The Road To Tycho</cite>, a collection of
articles about the antecedents of the Lunarian
Revolution, published in Luna City in 2096.
-</p></blockquote>
+</p>
+<hr class="thin" />
<div class="columns">
<p>
@@ -227,10 +216,11 @@
universal right to read soon became one of its central aims.</p>
</div>
-<div class="reduced-width">
-<blockquote class="announcement">
-<p><a href="http://defectivebydesign.org/ebooks.html";>Join our mailing list
about the dangers of e-books</a>.</p>
-</blockquote>
+<div class="announcement reduced-width comment" role="complementary">
+<hr class="no-display" />
+<p><a href="https://www.defectivebydesign.org/ebooks.html";>
+Join our mailing list about the dangers of e-books</a>.</p>
+<hr class="no-display" />
</div>
<div id="AuthorsNote">
@@ -255,9 +245,9 @@
<div class="reduced-width">
<p>Computer-enforced restrictions on lending or reading books (and other
kinds of published works) are known as DRM, short for
-“Digital Restrictions Management”. To
+“Digital Restrictions Management.” To
eliminate DRM, the Free Software Foundation has
-established the <a href="http://DefectiveByDesign.org";>Defective by
+established the <a href="https://www.defectivebydesign.org/";>Defective by
Design</a> campaign. We ask for your support.</p>
<p>The Electronic Frontier Foundation, a separate organization not
@@ -268,7 +258,7 @@
</li>
</ul>
-<p class="comment">
+<p class="update">
The following note has been updated several times since the first
publication of the story.</p>
@@ -348,8 +338,8 @@
<p>
The proponents of this scheme gave early versions names such as
-“trusted computing” and “Palladium”, but as
-ultimately put into use, it is called “secure boot”.</p>
+“trusted computing” and “Palladium,” but as
+ultimately put into use, it is called “secure boot.”</p>
<p>
What Microsoft keeps is not exactly a password in the traditional
@@ -475,19 +465,17 @@
<p class="emph-box">
If we want to stop the bad news and create some good news, we need
to organize and fight. Subscribe to the
-FSF's <a href="http://defectivebydesign.org";> Defective by Design</a>
+FSF's <a href="https://www.defectivebydesign.org/";> Defective by Design</a>
campaign to lend a hand. You
-can <a href="http://www.fsf.org/associate";>join the FSF</a> to support
+can <a href="https://www.fsf.org/associate";>join the FSF</a> to support
our work more generally. There is also a <a href="/help/help.html">list of
ways
to participate in our work</a>.
</p>
</div>
</div>
<div class="column-limit"></div>
-</div>
-<div id="References">
-<h3>References</h3>
+<h3 class="footnote">References</h3>
<ul>
<li>The administration's “White Paper”: Information
@@ -496,32 +484,37 @@
National Information Infrastructure: The Report of the Working
Group on Intellectual Property [sic] Rights (1995).</li>
- <li><a href="http://www.wired.com/wired/archive/4.01/white.paper_pr.html";>An
+ <li><a href="https://www.wired.com/1996/01/white-paper/";>An
explanation of the White Paper:
The Copyright Grab</a>, Pamela Samuelson, <cite>Wired</cite>,
January 1st, 1996.</li>
- <li><a href="http://www.law.duke.edu/boylesite/sold_out.htm";>Sold Out</a>,
+ <li><a href="https://law.duke.edu/boylesite/sold_out.htm";>Sold Out</a>,
James Boyle, <cite>New York Times</cite>, March 31, 1996.</li>
- <li><a
href="http://web.archive.org/web/20130508120533/http://www.interesting-people.org/archives/interesting-people/199611/msg00012.html";>Public
Data or Private Data</a>,
+ <li><a
href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130508120533/http://www.interesting-people.org/archives/interesting-people/199611/msg00012.html";>Public
Data or Private Data</a>,
Dave Farber, <cite>Washington Post</cite>, November 4, 1996.</li>
<li><a
href="https://web.archive.org/web/20151113122141/http://public-domain.org/";>Union
for the Public
Domain</a>—an organization which aims to resist and
reverse the overextension of copyright and patent powers.</li>
</ul>
+
+<div class="infobox extra">
+<hr />
+<p>This article appeared in the February 1997 issue of <cite>Communications
+of the ACM</cite> (Volume 40, Number 2).</p>
</div>
-<hr class="thin" />
-<blockquote id="fsfs"><p>This essay is published
-in <a href="http://shop.fsf.org/product/free-software-free-society/";><cite>Free
+<div class="edu-note c"><p id="fsfs">This essay is published in
+<a href="https://shop.fsf.org/product/free-software-free-society/";><cite>Free
Software, Free Society: The Selected Essays of Richard
-M. Stallman</cite></a>.</p></blockquote>
+M. Stallman</cite></a>.</p></div>
+</div>
</div><!-- for id="content", starts in the include above -->
<!--#include virtual="/server/footer.html" -->
-<div id="footer">
+<div id="footer" role="contentinfo">
<div class="unprintable">
<p>Please send general FSF & GNU inquiries to
@@ -539,13 +532,13 @@
to <a href="mailto:web-translators@gnu.org";>
<web-translators@gnu.org></a>.</p>
- <p>For information on coordinating and submitting translations of
+ <p>For information on coordinating and contributing translations of
our web pages, see <a
href="/server/standards/README.translations.html">Translations
README</a>. -->
Please see the <a
href="/server/standards/README.translations.html">Translations
-README</a> for information on coordinating and submitting translations
+README</a> for information on coordinating and contributing translations
of this article.</p>
</div>
@@ -566,7 +559,8 @@
There is more detail about copyright years in the GNU Maintainers
Information document, www.gnu.org/prep/maintain. -->
-<p>Copyright © 1996, 2002, 2007, 2009, 2010, 2014, 2015, 2016, 2019, 2020
Richard Stallman</p>
+<p>Copyright © 1996, 2002, 2007, 2009, 2012, 2014, 2016, 2021
+Richard Stallman</p>
<p>This page is licensed under a <a rel="license"
href="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nd/4.0/";>Creative
@@ -576,10 +570,10 @@
<p class="unprintable">Updated:
<!-- timestamp start -->
-$Date: 2020/10/26 13:34:18 $
+$Date: 2021/08/28 16:02:46 $
<!-- timestamp end -->
</p>
</div>
-</div>
+</div><!-- for class="inner", starts in the banner include -->
</body>
</html>
Index: po/shouldbefree.fr-en.html
===================================================================
RCS file: /web/www/www/philosophy/po/shouldbefree.fr-en.html,v
retrieving revision 1.45
retrieving revision 1.46
diff -u -b -r1.45 -r1.46
--- po/shouldbefree.fr-en.html 19 Aug 2021 08:13:28 -0000 1.45
+++ po/shouldbefree.fr-en.html 28 Aug 2021 16:02:46 -0000 1.46
@@ -5,18 +5,21 @@
<!--#set var="DISABLE_TOP_ADDENDUM" value="yes" -->
<title>Why Software Should Be Free
- GNU Project - Free Software Foundation</title>
+<style type="text/css" media="print,screen"><!--
+#content h3 { margin-top: 1.6em; }
+-->
+</style>
<!--#include virtual="/philosophy/po/shouldbefree.translist" -->
<!--#include virtual="/server/banner.html" -->
<!--#include virtual="/philosophy/ph-breadcrumb.html" -->
<!--GNUN: OUT-OF-DATE NOTICE-->
<!--#include virtual="/server/top-addendum.html" -->
-<div class="reduced-width">
+<div class="article reduced-width">
<h2>Why Software Should Be Free</h2>
<address class="byline">by <a href="https://www.stallman.org/";>Richard
Stallman</a></address>
-<div class="article">
<p id="introduction">
The existence of software inevitably raises the question of how
decisions about its use should be made. For example, suppose one
@@ -51,7 +54,7 @@
<a href="/philosophy/free-sw.html">“free”
software</a>.<a href="#f1">(1)</a></p>
-<h3 id="owner-justification" class="subheader">How Owners Justify Their
Power</h3>
+<h3 id="owner-justification">How Owners Justify Their Power</h3>
<p>
Those who benefit from the current system where programs are property
offer two arguments in support of their claims to own programs: the
@@ -99,7 +102,7 @@
have owners. To formulate the choice as between proprietary software
versus no software is begging the question.</p>
-<h3 id="against-having-owners" class="subheader">The Argument against Having
Owners</h3>
+<h3 id="against-having-owners">The Argument against Having Owners</h3>
<p>
The question at hand is, “Should development of software be linked
with having owners to restrict the use of it?”</p>
@@ -491,7 +494,7 @@
making proprietary software stands a chance of success in its own narrow
terms, but it is not what is good for society.</p>
-<h3 id="why-develop" class="subheader">Why People Will Develop Software</h3>
+<h3 id="why-develop">Why People Will Develop Software</h3>
<p>
If we eliminate copyright as a means of encouraging
people to develop software, at first less software will be developed,
@@ -637,7 +640,7 @@
developers without coercion, just as they have learned to support public
radio and television stations.</p>
-<h3 id="productivity" class="subheader">What Is Software Productivity? </h3>
+<h3 id="productivity">What Is Software Productivity? </h3>
<p>
If software were free, there would still be programmers, but perhaps
fewer of them. Would this be bad for society?</p>
@@ -672,7 +675,7 @@
productivity” focus only on the second, limited, sense of the
term, where improvement requires difficult technological advances.</p>
-<h3 id="competition" class="subheader">Is Competition Inevitable?</h3>
+<h3 id="competition">Is Competition Inevitable?</h3>
<p>
Is it inevitable that people will try to compete, to surpass their
rivals in society? Perhaps it is. But competition itself is not
@@ -716,7 +719,7 @@
prohibited. Society's resources are squandered on the economic
equivalent of factional civil war.</p>
-<h3 id="communism" class="subheader">“Why Don't You Move to
Russia?”</h3>
+<h3 id="communism">“Why Don't You Move to Russia?”</h3>
<p>
In the United States, any advocate of other than the most extreme
form of laissez-faire selfishness has often heard this accusation. For
@@ -746,7 +749,7 @@
Thus, if we are to judge views by their resemblance to Russian
Communism, it is the software owners who are the Communists.</p>
-<h3 id="premises" class="subheader">The Question of Premises</h3>
+<h3 id="premises">The Question of Premises</h3>
<p>
I make the assumption in this paper that a user of software is no
less important than an author, or even an author's employer. In other
@@ -788,7 +791,7 @@
awareness that this is a radical right-wing assumption rather than a
traditionally recognized one will weaken its appeal.</p>
-<h3 id="conclusion" class="subheader">Conclusion</h3>
+<h3 id="conclusion">Conclusion</h3>
<p>
We like to think that our society encourages helping your neighbor;
but each time we reward someone for obstructionism, or admire them for
@@ -811,7 +814,6 @@
this: at least in one area, we will replace the jungle with a more
efficient system which encourages and runs on voluntary cooperation.</p>
<div class="column-limit"></div>
-</div>
<h3 id="footnotes" class="footnote">Footnotes</h3>
@@ -840,13 +842,11 @@
destructive.</li>
</ol>
-<hr class="thin" />
-<div id="fsfs" role="complementary">
-<p>This essay is published in
+<hr class="no-display" />
+<div class="edu-note c"><p id="fsfs">This essay is published in
<a href="https://shop.fsf.org/product/free-software-free-society/";><cite>Free
Software, Free Society: The Selected Essays of Richard
-M. Stallman</cite></a>.</p>
-</div>
+M. Stallman</cite></a>.</p></div>
</div>
</div><!-- for id="content", starts in the include above -->
@@ -878,8 +878,8 @@
information on coordinating and contributing translations of this article.</p>
</div>
-<p>Copyright © 1991, 1992, 1998, 2000, 2001, 2006, 2007, 2010, 2021 Free
-Software Foundation, Inc.</p>
+<p>Copyright © 1991, 1992, 1998, 2006, 2010, 2021 Free Software
+Foundation, Inc.</p>
<p>This page is licensed under a <a rel="license"
href="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nd/4.0/";>Creative
@@ -889,7 +889,7 @@
<p class="unprintable">Updated:
<!-- timestamp start -->
-$Date: 2021/08/19 08:13:28 $
+$Date: 2021/08/28 16:02:46 $
<!-- timestamp end -->
</p>
</div>
Index: po/software-literary-patents.fr-en.html
===================================================================
RCS file: /web/www/www/philosophy/po/software-literary-patents.fr-en.html,v
retrieving revision 1.36
retrieving revision 1.37
diff -u -b -r1.36 -r1.37
--- po/software-literary-patents.fr-en.html 26 Oct 2020 19:00:55 -0000
1.36
+++ po/software-literary-patents.fr-en.html 28 Aug 2021 16:02:46 -0000
1.37
@@ -1,17 +1,20 @@
<!--#include virtual="/server/header.html" -->
-<!-- Parent-Version: 1.77 -->
+<!-- Parent-Version: 1.96 -->
+<!-- This page is derived from /server/standards/boilerplate.html -->
+<!--#set var="TAGS" value="essays laws patents" -->
+<!--#set var="DISABLE_TOP_ADDENDUM" value="yes" -->
<title>Software Patents and Literary Patents - GNU Project -
Free Software Foundation</title>
<!--#include virtual="/philosophy/po/software-literary-patents.translist" -->
<!--#include virtual="/server/banner.html" -->
+<!--#include virtual="/philosophy/ph-breadcrumb.html" -->
+<!--GNUN: OUT-OF-DATE NOTICE-->
+<!--#include virtual="/server/top-addendum.html" -->
+<div class="article reduced-width">
<h2>Software Patents and Literary Patents</h2>
-<p>by <strong><a href="http://stallman.org/";>Richard Stallman</a></strong></p>
-
-<p>
-<em>The first version of this article was published in
-<cite>The Guardian</cite>, of London, on June 23, 2005. It focused on
-the proposed European software patent directive.</em></p>
+<address class="byline">by <a href="https://stallman.org/";>Richard
+Stallman</a></address>
<p>
When politicians consider the question of software patents, they are
@@ -126,7 +129,7 @@
</ul>
<p>
-through the name “Jean Valjean”, but at least this patent
+through the name “Jean Valjean,” but at least this patent
would have been easy to avoid.
</p>
@@ -212,15 +215,22 @@
blocked, the result will be to put all software developers in danger.
</p>
+<div class="infobox extra">
<hr />
-<blockquote id="fsfs"><p>This essay is published
-in <a href="http://shop.fsf.org/product/free-software-free-society/";><cite>Free
+<p>The first version of this article was published in
+<cite>The Guardian</cite>, of London, on June 23, 2005. It focused on
+the proposed European software patent directive.</p>
+</div>
+
+<div class="edu-note c"><p id="fsfs">This essay is published in
+<a href="https://shop.fsf.org/product/free-software-free-society/";><cite>Free
Software, Free Society: The Selected Essays of Richard
-M. Stallman</cite></a>.</p></blockquote>
+M. Stallman</cite></a>.</p></div>
+</div>
</div><!-- for id="content", starts in the include above -->
<!--#include virtual="/server/footer.html" -->
-<div id="footer">
+<div id="footer" role="contentinfo">
<div class="unprintable">
<p>Please send general FSF & GNU inquiries to
@@ -238,13 +248,13 @@
to <a href="mailto:web-translators@gnu.org";>
<web-translators@gnu.org></a>.</p>
- <p>For information on coordinating and submitting translations of
+ <p>For information on coordinating and contributing translations of
our web pages, see <a
href="/server/standards/README.translations.html">Translations
README</a>. -->
Please see the <a
href="/server/standards/README.translations.html">Translations
-README</a> for information on coordinating and submitting translations
+README</a> for information on coordinating and contributing translations
of this article.</p>
</div>
@@ -265,7 +275,7 @@
There is more detail about copyright years in the GNU Maintainers
Information document, www.gnu.org/prep/maintain. -->
-<p>Copyright © 2005, 2007, 2008, 2020 Richard Stallman</p>
+<p>Copyright © 2005, 2009, 2021 Richard Stallman</p>
<p>This page is licensed under a <a rel="license"
href="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nd/4.0/";>Creative
@@ -275,10 +285,10 @@
<p class="unprintable">Updated:
<!-- timestamp start -->
-$Date: 2020/10/26 19:00:55 $
+$Date: 2021/08/28 16:02:46 $
<!-- timestamp end -->
</p>
</div>
-</div>
+</div><!-- for class="inner", starts in the banner include -->
</body>
</html>
Index: po/software-patents.fr-en.html
===================================================================
RCS file: /web/www/www/philosophy/po/software-patents.fr-en.html,v
retrieving revision 1.58
retrieving revision 1.59
diff -u -b -r1.58 -r1.59
--- po/software-patents.fr-en.html 26 Oct 2020 13:34:18 -0000 1.58
+++ po/software-patents.fr-en.html 28 Aug 2021 16:02:46 -0000 1.59
@@ -1,27 +1,32 @@
<!--#include virtual="/server/header.html" -->
-<!-- Parent-Version: 1.90 -->
+<!-- Parent-Version: 1.96 -->
+<!-- This page is derived from /server/standards/boilerplate.html -->
+<!--#set var="TAGS" value="speeches" -->
+<!--#set var="DISABLE_TOP_ADDENDUM" value="yes" -->
<title>Software Patents - GNU Project - Free Software Foundation</title>
<!--#include virtual="/philosophy/po/software-patents.translist" -->
<!--#include virtual="/server/banner.html" -->
+<!--#include virtual="/philosophy/ph-breadcrumb.html" -->
+<!--GNUN: OUT-OF-DATE NOTICE-->
+<!--#include virtual="/server/top-addendum.html" -->
+<div class="article reduced-width">
<h2>Software patents — Obstacles to software development</h2>
-<p>by <strong>Richard Stallman</strong></p>
+<address class="byline">by Richard Stallman</address>
-<p>
-<i>
-This is the transcription of a talk presented by Richard M. Stallman on
+<div class="infobox">
+<p>This is the transcription of a talk presented by Richard M. Stallman on
March 25, 2002, at the University of Cambridge
-<a href="http://www.cl.cam.ac.uk/";>Computer Laboratory</a>,
-organized by the <a href="http://www.fipr.org/";>Foundation for Information
-Policy Research</a>. Transcript and
-<a href="http://audio-video.gnu.org/audio/#patent-cambridge-2002-03-25";>
-audio recording</a> by Nicholas Hill. HTML editing and links by Markus
-Kuhn. The original version is hosted at
-<a href="http://www.cl.cam.ac.uk/~mgk25/stallman-patents.html";>
-http://www.cl.cam.ac.uk/~mgk25/stallman-patents.html</a>.
-</i>
-</p>
-
+<a href="https://www.cl.cam.ac.uk/";>Computer Laboratory</a>,
+organized by the <a href="https://www.fipr.org/";>Foundation for Information
+Policy Research</a>.</p>
+<p>Transcript (<a
+href="https://www.cl.cam.ac.uk/~mgk25/stallman-patents.html";>original
+version</a>) and <a
+href="//audio-video.gnu.org/audio/#patent-cambridge-2002-03-25">audio
+recording</a> by Nicholas Hill. HTML editing and links by Markus Kuhn.</p>
+</div>
+<hr class="thin" />
<p>
You might have been familiar with my work on
@@ -47,8 +52,8 @@
<p>
You may have heard people using a misleading term
-“<a href="http://www.wipo.org/about-ip/en/";>Intellectual
-Property</a>”. This term, as you can see, is biased. It makes
+“<a href="https://www.wipo.org/about-ip/en/";>Intellectual
+Property</a>.” This term, as you can see, is biased. It makes
an assumption that whatever it is you are talking about, the way to
treat it is as a kind of property, which is one among many
alternatives. This term “Intellectual Property”
@@ -72,7 +77,7 @@
you try to think about them by lumping them together, you are
guaranteed to come to foolish conclusions. There is literally no
sensible intelligent opinion you can have about “Intellectual
-Property”. If you want to think clearly, don't lump them
+Property.” If you want to think clearly, don't lump them
together. Think about copyrights and then think about patents. Learn
about copyright law and separately learn about patent law.
</p>
@@ -132,7 +137,7 @@
what it would be like for you to get a patent. What it would be like
for you to be walking down the street with a patent in your pocket so
that every so often you can pull it out and point it out at somebody
-and say “Give Me Your Money!”. There is a reason for this
+and say “Give Me Your Money!” There is a reason for this
bias, which is that most of the people who will tell you about this
patent system have a stake in it, so they want you like it.
</p>
@@ -233,16 +238,16 @@
of the things they cited was that engineers don't try reading patents
to learn anything, as it is too hard to understand them. They quoted
one engineer saying “I can't recognize my own inventions in
-patenteese”.
+patenteese.”
</p>
<p>
This is not just theoretical. Around 1990, a programmer named
-<a href="http://www.atarimagazines.com/startv2n3/hypercard.html";>Paul
+<a href="https://www.atarimagazines.com/startv2n3/hypercard.html";>Paul
Heckel</a> sued Apple claiming that Hypercard infringed a couple of
his <a href="https://patents.justia.com/patent/4486857";>patents</a>.
When he first saw Hypercard, he didn't think it had anything to do
-with his patent, with his “Inventions”. It didn't look
+with his patent, with his “Inventions.” It didn't look
similar. When his lawyer told him that you could read the patents as
covering part of Hypercard, he decided to attack Apple.
<span class="gnun-split"></span>When I had a
@@ -257,7 +262,7 @@
are sure to lose, If you do something here, there is a substantial
chance of losing, and if you really want to be safe, stay out of this
area. And, by the way, there is a sizable element of chance in the
-outcome of any law suit”.
+outcome of any law suit.”
</p>
<p>
@@ -365,7 +370,7 @@
happened to have the weekly patent column in it. I didn't see a copy
of the Times more than once every few months. So I looked at it and
it said that somebody had got a patent for “Inventing a new
-method of compressing data”.
+method of compressing data.”
<span class="gnun-split"></span>I figured I better take a look at
this patent. I got a copy and it turned out to cover the program that
we were just a week away from releasing. That program died before it
@@ -382,13 +387,13 @@
make an image that people could display with their software, it turned
out extremely hard to switch over to a different algorithm. We have
not been able to do it in 10 years! Yes, people use the gzip
-algorithm to define <a href="http://www.w3.org/Graphics/PNG/";>another
+algorithm to define <a href="https://www.w3.org/Graphics/PNG/";>another
image format</a>, once people started getting threatened with law
suits for using GIF files. When we started saying to people stop
using GIF files, switch over to this, people said “We can't
-switch. The browsers don't support the new format yet”. The
+switch. The browsers don't support the new format yet.” The
browser developers said “We're not in a hurry about this. After
-all, nobody is using this file format”.
+all, nobody is using this file format.”
</p>
<p>
@@ -439,7 +444,7 @@
if that format or protocol is patented, that is a real disaster for
you. There are even official standards that are restricted by
patents. There was a big political uproar last September when the
-<a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/patent-practice";>World Wide Web
+<a href="https://www.w3.org/TR/patent-practice/";>World Wide Web
Consortium</a> was proposing to start adopting standards that were
covered by patents. The community objected so they reversed
themselves.
@@ -542,13 +547,13 @@
<p>
This phenomenon of cross-licensing refutes a common myth, the myth of
the starving genius. The myth that patents “protect” the
-“small inventor”. Those terms are propaganda terms. You
+“small inventor.” Those terms are propaganda terms. You
shouldn't use them. The scenario is like this: Suppose there is a
brilliant designer of whatever of whatever. Suppose he has spent
years starving in the attic designing a new wonderful kind of whatever
and now wants to manufacture it and isn't it a shame the big companies
are going to go into competition with him, take away all the business
-and he'll “starve”.
+and he'll “starve.”
<span class="gnun-split"></span>I will have to point out that people
in high tech fields are not generally working on their own and that
ideas don't come in a vacuum, they are based on ideas of others and
@@ -568,7 +573,7 @@
against all of them in court, I will just go back and find some more.
So, why don't you cross license with me?” And then this
brilliant small inventor says “Well, OK, I'll cross
-license”. So he can go back and make these wonderful whatever
+license.” So he can go back and make these wonderful whatever
it is, but so can IBM. IBM gets access to his patent and gets the
right to compete with him, which means that this patent didn't
“protect” him at all. The patent system doesn't really do
@@ -666,7 +671,7 @@
obvious</a>! Patent bureaucrats have all sorts of excuses to
justify ignoring what programmers think. They say “Oh! But you
have to consider it in terms of the way things were 10 or 20 years
-ago”. Then they discovered that if they talk something to death
+ago.” Then they discovered that if they talk something to death
then you can eventually lose your bearings. Anything can look
unobvious if you tear it apart enough, analyze it enough. You simply
lose all standard of obviousness or at least lose the ability to
@@ -741,7 +746,7 @@
bluff them away by showing them the prior art. It depends upon
whether they can get scared off that way or they might think
“well, you are just bluffing, we figure you can't really go to
-court, you can't afford it so we'll sue you anyway”.
+court, you can't afford it so we'll sue you anyway.”
</p>
<p>
@@ -759,7 +764,7 @@
<p>
Now, people used to say to me, “Well, there are patents in other
-fields, why should software be exempt?”. Note the bizarre
+fields, why should software be exempt?.” Note the bizarre
assumption in there that somehow we are all supposed to suffer through
the patent system. It is like saying “Some people get cancer.
Why should you be exempt?” As I see it, each person who doesn't
@@ -786,7 +791,7 @@
<p>
That fits in with the naive idea of the patent system that we have,
that if you are designing a new product, you are going to get
-“The Patent”. The idea that there is one patent per
+“The Patent.” The idea that there is one patent per
product and that it covers the idea of that product. In some fields
it is closer to being true. In other fields it is further from being
true. This is because software packages are usually very big. They
@@ -819,7 +824,7 @@
<span class="gnun-split"></span>You see, the advocates of software patents say
“well yes, there may be problems but more important than any
problems, the patents must promote innovation and that is so important
-it doesn't matter what problems you cause”. Of course, they
+it doesn't matter what problems you cause.” Of course, they
don't say that out loud because it is ridiculous but implicitly they
want you to believe that as long as it promotes progress, that
outweighs any possible cost. But actually, there is no reason to
@@ -945,13 +950,13 @@
<span class="gnun-split"></span>When
you complain about this, the patent holders would say “Ah
Beethoven, you are just bitching because you have no ideas of your
-own. All you want to do is rip off our inventions”. Beethoven,
+own. All you want to do is rip off our inventions.” Beethoven,
as it happens, had a lot of new musical ideas but he had to use a lot
of existing musical ideas in order to make recognizable music. In
order to make music that listeners could possibly like, that they
could recognize as music. Nobody is so brilliant that he can
re-invent music and make something that people would want to listen
-to. <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pierre_Boulez";>Pierre
+to. <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pierre_Boulez";>Pierre
Boulez</a> said he would try to do that, but who listens to Pierre
Boulez?
</p>
@@ -1066,9 +1071,9 @@
particular speed up in progress after 1990. There was no political
debate in the US, but in Europe there has been a big political debate.
Several years ago there was a push to amend the
-Munich treaty that established the <a href="http://www.epo.org/";>
+Munich treaty that established the <a href="https://www.epo.org/";>
European Patent Office</a>. It has a
-<a
href="http://www.epo.org/law-practice/legal-texts/html/epc/1973/e/ar52.html";>
+<a
href="https://www.epo.org/law-practice/legal-texts/html/epc/1973/e/ar52.html";>
clause saying that software is not patentable</a>. The push was to
amend that to start allowing software patents. But the community took
notice of this. It was actually free software developers and free
@@ -1144,13 +1149,13 @@
issue which really has nothing to do with software patents except that
it is being handled by the same people. It is a question of
interpreting the recent EU copyright directive, a horrible law like
-the <a href="http://www.eff.org/issues/dmca";>Digital Millennium Copyright
+the <a href="https://www.eff.org/issues/dmca";>Digital Millennium Copyright
Act in the US</a>. But there is some latitude for countries to decide
how to implement it. The UK is proposing the most draconian possible
way of implementing this directive. You could greatly reduce the harm
that it does by implementing it properly. The UK wants to maximize
the tyrannical effect of this directive. It seems there is a certain
-group, the <a
href="http://webarchive.nationalarchives.gov.uk/20070603164510/http://www.dti.gov.uk/";>Department
of Trade and
+group, the <a
href="https://webarchive.nationalarchives.gov.uk/ukgwa/20070603164510/http://www.dti.gov.uk/";>Department
of Trade and
Industry [archived]</a>, who need to be reined in. It is necessary to put a
check on their activities. Stop their creating new forms of power.
</p>
@@ -1176,15 +1181,16 @@
<p>
We need to make management aware of what software patents will do to
them. Get their support
-in <a href="http://www.ffii.org/";>fighting against
+in <a href="https://ffii.org/";>fighting against
software patents in Europe</a>.
</p>
<p>
The battle is not over. It still can be won.
</p>
+<div class="column-limit"></div>
-<h3>Footnotes</h3>
+<h3 class="footnote">Footnotes</h3>
<ol>
<li id="f1">There are approximately 300-400 unique parts in an
automatic transmission, and a transmission is generally the most
@@ -1216,15 +1222,16 @@
spread.</li>
</ol>
-<hr />
-<blockquote id="fsfs"><p>This essay is published
-in <a href="http://shop.fsf.org/product/free-software-free-society/";><cite>Free
+<hr class="no-display" />
+<div class="edu-note c"><p id="fsfs">This essay is published in
+<a href="https://shop.fsf.org/product/free-software-free-society/";><cite>Free
Software, Free Society: The Selected Essays of Richard
-M. Stallman</cite></a>.</p></blockquote>
+M. Stallman</cite></a>.</p></div>
+</div>
</div><!-- for id="content", starts in the include above -->
<!--#include virtual="/server/footer.html" -->
-<div id="footer">
+<div id="footer" role="contentinfo">
<div class="unprintable">
<p>Please send general FSF & GNU inquiries to
@@ -1242,13 +1249,13 @@
to <a href="mailto:web-translators@gnu.org";>
<web-translators@gnu.org></a>.</p>
- <p>For information on coordinating and submitting translations of
+ <p>For information on coordinating and contributing translations of
our web pages, see <a
href="/server/standards/README.translations.html">Translations
README</a>. -->
Please see the <a
href="/server/standards/README.translations.html">Translations
-README</a> for information on coordinating and submitting translations
+README</a> for information on coordinating and contributing translations
of this article.</p>
</div>
@@ -1269,7 +1276,7 @@
There is more detail about copyright years in the GNU Maintainers
Information document, www.gnu.org/prep/maintain. -->
-<p>Copyright © 2002, 2015, 2016, 2017, 2018, 2019, 2020 Richard
Stallman.</p>
+<p>Copyright © 2002, 2006, 2021 Richard Stallman.</p>
<p>This page is licensed under a <a rel="license"
href="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nd/4.0/";>Creative
@@ -1279,7 +1286,7 @@
<p class="unprintable">Updated:
<!-- timestamp start -->
-$Date: 2020/10/26 13:34:18 $
+$Date: 2021/08/28 16:02:46 $
<!-- timestamp end -->
</p>
</div>
Index: po/stophr3028.fr-en.html
===================================================================
RCS file: /web/www/www/philosophy/po/stophr3028.fr-en.html,v
retrieving revision 1.37
retrieving revision 1.38
diff -u -b -r1.37 -r1.38
--- po/stophr3028.fr-en.html 12 Apr 2021 10:04:27 -0000 1.37
+++ po/stophr3028.fr-en.html 28 Aug 2021 16:02:46 -0000 1.38
@@ -1,28 +1,40 @@
<!--#include virtual="/server/header.html" -->
-<!-- Parent-Version: 1.86 -->
+<!-- Parent-Version: 1.96 -->
+<!-- This page is derived from /server/standards/boilerplate.html -->
+<!--#set var="TAGS" value="essays cultural access" -->
+<!--#set var="DISABLE_TOP_ADDENDUM" value="yes" -->
<title>Stop H.R. 3028
- GNU Project - Free Software Foundation</title>
+<style type="text/css" media="print,screen"><!--
+.foreword { margin: 2em 0 2em 15%; color: #444; }
+.foreword p { margin: 0; }
+.foreword p + p { text-align: right; }
+--></style>
<!--#include virtual="/philosophy/po/stophr3028.translist" -->
<!--#include virtual="/server/banner.html" -->
+<!--#include virtual="/philosophy/ph-breadcrumb.html" -->
+<!--GNUN: OUT-OF-DATE NOTICE-->
+<!--#include virtual="/server/top-addendum.html" -->
+<div class="article reduced-width">
<h2>Stop H.R. 3028 - Protect the Net - Stop the Trademark Monopolists</h2>
-<p>
-This is posted on behalf of Marc Rotenberg
-<a href="mailto:rotenberg@epic.org";><rotenberg@epic.org></a>.
-More information is available by following the links at the end of
-this page.</p>
+<address class="byline">by Marc Rotenberg <<a
+href="mailto:rotenberg@epic.org";>rotenberg@epic.org</a>></address>
+<blockquote class="foreword">
<p>
-<cite>
This bill fits a pattern: every time Congress wants to create a new
monopoly covering some activity formerly open to all, or extend and
increase an old monopoly, they apply the term “piracy”
to the free activity that the monopoly will stamp out. So whenever
you see anything described as “piracy” aside from the
- capturing of ships, watch out for your liberties! -- Richard
- Stallman
-</cite>
+ capturing of ships, watch out for your liberties!</p>
+ <p>—<i>Richard Stallman</i>
</p>
+</blockquote>
+
+<p><em>More information is available by following the links at the end of
+this page.</em></p>
<h3>Urgent</h3>
@@ -116,17 +128,18 @@
<h3>Relevant Information</h3>
<ul>
- <li><a href="https://www.congress.gov/bill/116th-congress/house-bill/3028";>
+ <li><a href="https://www.congress.gov/bill/106th-congress/house-bill/3028";>
Information about H.R. 3028, including the Text of the bill</a></li>
<li><a href="https://www.icann.org/resources/pages/help/dndr/udrp-en";>
Information about the ICANN Uniform Dispute Resolution Policy</a></li>
<li><a
href="https://web.archive.org/web/20000815221026/http://www.acm.org/usacm/trademark.html";>
Letter from ACM, Legal Experts on Problems with H.R. 3028</a></li>
</ul>
+</div>
</div><!-- for id="content", starts in the include above -->
<!--#include virtual="/server/footer.html" -->
-<div id="footer">
+<div id="footer" role="contentinfo">
<div class="unprintable">
<p>Please send general FSF & GNU inquiries to
@@ -144,13 +157,13 @@
to <a href="mailto:web-translators@gnu.org";>
<web-translators@gnu.org></a>.</p>
- <p>For information on coordinating and submitting translations of
+ <p>For information on coordinating and contributing translations of
our web pages, see <a
href="/server/standards/README.translations.html">Translations
README</a>. -->
Please see the <a
href="/server/standards/README.translations.html">Translations
-README</a> for information on coordinating and submitting translations
+README</a> for information on coordinating and contributing translations
of this article.</p>
</div>
@@ -171,7 +184,7 @@
There is more detail about copyright years in the GNU Maintainers
Information document, www.gnu.org/prep/maintain. -->
-<p>Copyright © 1999, 2008, 2014, 2016, 2018, 2021 Free Software
Foundation, Inc.</p>
+<p>Copyright © 1999, 2021 Free Software Foundation, Inc.</p>
<p>This page is licensed under a <a rel="license"
href="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nd/4.0/";>Creative
@@ -181,7 +194,7 @@
<p class="unprintable">Updated:
<!-- timestamp start -->
-$Date: 2021/04/12 10:04:27 $
+$Date: 2021/08/28 16:02:46 $
<!-- timestamp end -->
</p>
</div>
Index: po/surveillance-vs-democracy.fr-en.html
===================================================================
RCS file: /web/www/www/philosophy/po/surveillance-vs-democracy.fr-en.html,v
retrieving revision 1.60
retrieving revision 1.61
diff -u -b -r1.60 -r1.61
--- po/surveillance-vs-democracy.fr-en.html 22 Aug 2021 15:03:07 -0000
1.60
+++ po/surveillance-vs-democracy.fr-en.html 28 Aug 2021 16:02:47 -0000
1.61
@@ -1,6 +1,8 @@
<!--#include virtual="/server/header.html" -->
<!-- Parent-Version: 1.96 -->
<!-- This page is derived from /server/standards/boilerplate.html -->
+<!--#set var="TAGS" value="essays cultural evils" -->
+<!--#set var="DISABLE_TOP_ADDENDUM" value="yes" -->
<title>How Much Surveillance Can Democracy Withstand?
- GNU Project - Free Software Foundation</title>
<style type="text/css" media="print,screen"><!--
@@ -15,22 +17,15 @@
<!-- GNUN: localize URL /graphics/dog.small.jpg -->
<!--#include virtual="/philosophy/po/surveillance-vs-democracy.translist" -->
<!--#include virtual="/server/banner.html" -->
+<!--#include virtual="/philosophy/ph-breadcrumb.html" -->
+<!--GNUN: OUT-OF-DATE NOTICE-->
+<!--#include virtual="/server/top-addendum.html" -->
+<div class="article">
<h2 class="center">How Much Surveillance Can Democracy Withstand?</h2>
<address class="byline center">by
<a href="https://www.stallman.org/";>Richard Stallman</a></address>
-<!-- rms: I deleted the link because of Wired's announced
- anti-ad-block system -->
-<blockquote class="center"><p><em>A version of this article was first
published in
-<cite>Wired</cite> in October 2013.<br />
-Also consider reading “<a
-href="https://www.theguardian.com/commentisfree/2018/apr/03/facebook-abusing-data-law-privacy-big-tech-surveillance";>A
-radical proposal to keep your personal data safe</a>,” published in
-<cite>The Guardian</cite> in April 2018.</em></p></blockquote>
-
-<div class="article">
-
<div id="intro">
<div class="pict wide">
<a href="/graphics/dog.html">
@@ -87,7 +82,7 @@
or her. We need to go further.</p>
</div>
-<h3 class="subheader" style="clear: both">The Upper Limit on Surveillance in a
Democracy</h3>
+<h3 style="clear: both">The Upper Limit on Surveillance in a Democracy</h3>
<div class="columns">
<p>If whistleblowers don't dare reveal crimes and lies, we lose the
@@ -120,7 +115,7 @@
spoke to a known journalist or a known dissident.</p>
</div>
-<h3 class="subheader">Information, Once Collected, Will Be Misused</h3>
+<h3>Information, Once Collected, Will Be Misused</h3>
<div class="columns">
<p id="willbemisused">When people recognize
@@ -206,7 +201,7 @@
that is easily accessible to the state.</p>
</div>
-<h3 class="subheader">Robust Protection for Privacy Must Be Technical</h3>
+<h3>Robust Protection for Privacy Must Be Technical</h3>
<div class="columns">
<p>The Electronic Frontier Foundation and other organizations propose
@@ -238,7 +233,7 @@
ignoring this law, the idea would hardly make sense.</p>
</div>
-<h3 class="subheader">First, Don't Be Foolish</h3>
+<h3>First, Don't Be Foolish</h3>
<div class="columns">
<p>To have privacy, you must not throw it away: the first one who has
@@ -283,7 +278,7 @@
suspects.</p>
</div>
-<h3 class="subheader">We Must Design Every System for Privacy</h3>
+<h3>We Must Design Every System for Privacy</h3>
<div class="columns">
<p>If we don't want a total surveillance society, we must consider
@@ -306,7 +301,7 @@
systems [<a href="#ambientprivacy">1</a>].</p>
</div>
-<h3 class="subheader">Remedy for Collecting Data: Leaving It Dispersed</h3>
+<h3>Remedy for Collecting Data: Leaving It Dispersed</h3>
<div class="columns">
<p id="dispersal">One way to make monitoring safe for privacy is
@@ -346,7 +341,16 @@
but that is another issue.</p>
</div>
-<h3 id="digitalcash" class="subheader">Remedy for Internet Commerce
Surveillance</h3>
+<div class="announcement comment" role="complementary">
+<hr class="no-display" />
+<p>Also consider reading “<a
+href="https://www.theguardian.com/commentisfree/2018/apr/03/facebook-abusing-data-law-privacy-big-tech-surveillance";>A
+radical proposal to keep your personal data safe</a>,” published in
+<cite>The Guardian</cite> in April 2018.</p>
+<hr class="no-display" />
+</div>
+
+<h3 id="digitalcash">Remedy for Internet Commerce Surveillance</h3>
<div class="columns">
<p>Most data collection comes from people's own digital activities.
@@ -411,7 +415,7 @@
knows nothing about you.</p>
</div>
-<h3 class="subheader">Remedy for Travel Surveillance</h3>
+<h3>Remedy for Travel Surveillance</h3>
<div class="columns">
<p>We must convert digital toll collection to anonymous payment (using
@@ -471,7 +475,7 @@
borrower's identity immediately.</p>
</div>
-<h3 class="subheader">Remedy for Communications Dossiers</h3>
+<h3>Remedy for Communications Dossiers</h3>
<div class="columns">
<p>Internet service providers and telephone companies keep extensive
@@ -513,7 +517,7 @@
would be hard to determine that you had sent mail to me.</p>
</div>
-<h3 class="subheader">But Some Surveillance Is Necessary</h3>
+<h3>But Some Surveillance Is Necessary</h3>
<div class="columns">
<p>For the state to find criminals, it needs to be able to investigate
@@ -583,6 +587,14 @@
href="https://idlewords.com/2019/06/the_new_wilderness.htm";>ambient
privacy</a>.</li>
</ol>
+
+<div class="infobox extra">
+<hr />
+<!-- rms: I deleted the link because of Wired's announced
+ anti-ad-block system -->
+<p>A version of this article was first published in
+<cite>Wired</cite> in October 2013.</p>
+</div>
</div>
</div><!-- for id="content", starts in the include above -->
@@ -632,7 +644,7 @@
There is more detail about copyright years in the GNU Maintainers
Information document, www.gnu.org/prep/maintain. -->
-<p>Copyright © 2015, 2016, 2017, 2018, 2019, 2020, 2021 Richard
Stallman</p>
+<p>Copyright © 2013-2019, 2021 Richard Stallman</p>
<p>This page is licensed under a <a rel="license"
href="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nd/4.0/";>Creative
@@ -642,7 +654,7 @@
<p class="unprintable">Updated:
<!-- timestamp start -->
-$Date: 2021/08/22 15:03:07 $
+$Date: 2021/08/28 16:02:47 $
<!-- timestamp end -->
</p>
</div>
Index: po/the-danger-of-ebooks.fr-en.html
===================================================================
RCS file: /web/www/www/philosophy/po/the-danger-of-ebooks.fr-en.html,v
retrieving revision 1.38
retrieving revision 1.39
diff -u -b -r1.38 -r1.39
--- po/the-danger-of-ebooks.fr-en.html 30 Dec 2019 12:08:33 -0000 1.38
+++ po/the-danger-of-ebooks.fr-en.html 28 Aug 2021 16:02:47 -0000 1.39
@@ -1,12 +1,21 @@
<!--#include virtual="/server/header.html" -->
-<!-- Parent-Version: 1.90 -->
+<!-- Parent-Version: 1.96 -->
+<!-- This page is derived from /server/standards/boilerplate.html -->
+<!--#set var="TAGS" value="essays cultural access" -->
+<!--#set var="DISABLE_TOP_ADDENDUM" value="yes" -->
<title>The Danger of E-Books
- GNU Project - Free Software Foundation</title>
<!--#include virtual="/philosophy/po/the-danger-of-ebooks.translist" -->
<!--#include virtual="/server/banner.html" -->
+<!--#include virtual="/philosophy/ph-breadcrumb.html" -->
+<!--GNUN: OUT-OF-DATE NOTICE-->
+<!--#include virtual="/server/top-addendum.html" -->
+<div class="article reduced-width">
<h2>The Danger of E-Books</h2>
-<p class="comment">In an age where business dominates our governments and
writes our laws,
+<address class="byline">by Richard Stallman</address>
+
+<p>In an age where business dominates our governments and writes our laws,
every technological advance offers business an opportunity to impose new
restrictions on the public. Technologies that could have empowered us are
used to chain us instead.</p>
@@ -45,7 +54,7 @@
</ul>
<p>Even one of these infringements makes e-books a step backward from
-printed books. We must reject e-books until they respect our freedom [<a
href="#footnote2">2</a>].</p>
+printed books. We must reject e-books until they respect our freedom [<a
href="#footnote2">1</a>].</p>
<p>The e-book companies say denying our traditional freedoms is
necessary to continue to pay authors. The current copyright system
@@ -56,36 +65,38 @@
<ul>
<li>To distribute tax funds to authors based on the cube root of each
-author's popularity [<a href="#footnote1">1</a>].</li>
+author's popularity [<a href="#footnote1">2</a>].</li>
<li>To design players so users can send authors anonymous voluntary
payments.</li>
</ul>
<p>E-books need not attack our freedom (Project Gutenberg's e-books don't),
but they will if companies get to decide. It's up to us to stop them.</p>
-<blockquote class="announcement">
+<div class="announcement comment" role="complementary">
+<hr class="no-display" />
<p>Join the fight: sign up
-at <a href="http://DefectiveByDesign.org/ebooks.html";>
-http://DefectiveByDesign.org/ebooks.html</a>.</p>
-</blockquote>
+for <a href="https://www.defectivebydesign.org/ebooks.html";>
+our mailing list about the dangers of eBooks</a>.</p>
+<hr class="no-display" />
+</div>
-<div class="column-limit"></div>
-<h3 style="font-size: 1.2em">Footnotes</h3>
+<h3 class="footnote">Footnotes</h3>
<ol>
+<li id="footnote2">[2019] To show our rejection of Amazon's e-book reader,
+we call it <a href="/philosophy/why-call-it-the-swindle.html">the
+Swindle</a>.</li>
<li id="footnote1">See both my speech
<a href="/philosophy/copyright-versus-community.html">“Copyright
versus Community in the Age of Computer Networks”</a>
-and <a href="http://stallman.org/articles/internet-sharing-license.en.html";>my
+and <a href="https://stallman.org/articles/internet-sharing-license.en.html";>my
2012 open letter to the President of the Brazilian Senate</a>, Senator
José Sarney, for more on this.</li>
-<li id="footnote2">[2019] To show our rejection of Amazon's e-book reader,
-we call it <a href="/philosophy/why-call-it-the-swindle.html">the
-Swindle</a>.</li>
</ol>
+</div>
</div><!-- for id="content", starts in the include above -->
<!--#include virtual="/server/footer.html" -->
-<div id="footer">
+<div id="footer" role="contentinfo">
<div class="unprintable">
<p>Please send general FSF & GNU inquiries to
@@ -103,13 +114,13 @@
to <a href="mailto:web-translators@gnu.org";>
<web-translators@gnu.org></a>.</p>
- <p>For information on coordinating and submitting translations of
+ <p>For information on coordinating and contributing translations of
our web pages, see <a
href="/server/standards/README.translations.html">Translations
README</a>. -->
Please see the <a
href="/server/standards/README.translations.html">Translations
-README</a> for information on coordinating and submitting translations
+README</a> for information on coordinating and contributing translations
of this article.</p>
</div>
@@ -130,7 +141,7 @@
There is more detail about copyright years in the GNU Maintainers
Information document, www.gnu.org/prep/maintain. -->
-<p>Copyright © 2011, 2014, 2015, 2016, 2019 Richard Stallman</p>
+<p>Copyright © 2011, 2015, 2021 Richard Stallman</p>
<p>This page is licensed under a <a rel="license"
href="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nd/4.0/";>Creative
@@ -140,10 +151,10 @@
<p class="unprintable">Updated:
<!-- timestamp start -->
-$Date: 2019/12/30 12:08:33 $
+$Date: 2021/08/28 16:02:47 $
<!-- timestamp end -->
</p>
</div>
-</div>
+</div><!-- for class="inner", starts in the banner include -->
</body>
</html>
Index: po/why-copyleft.fr-en.html
===================================================================
RCS file: /web/www/www/philosophy/po/why-copyleft.fr-en.html,v
retrieving revision 1.40
retrieving revision 1.41
diff -u -b -r1.40 -r1.41
--- po/why-copyleft.fr-en.html 19 Aug 2021 08:13:29 -0000 1.40
+++ po/why-copyleft.fr-en.html 28 Aug 2021 16:02:47 -0000 1.41
@@ -5,19 +5,14 @@
<!--#set var="DISABLE_TOP_ADDENDUM" value="yes" -->
<title>Why Copyleft?
- GNU Project - Free Software Foundation</title>
-<style type="text/css" media="print,screen"><!--
-.epigraph { text-align: right; color: #404040; }
-.epigraph p { display: inline-block; text-align: left; width: 80%; }
---></style>
<!--#include virtual="/philosophy/po/why-copyleft.translist" -->
<!--#include virtual="/server/banner.html" -->
<!--#include virtual="/philosophy/ph-breadcrumb.html" -->
<!--GNUN: OUT-OF-DATE NOTICE-->
<!--#include virtual="/server/top-addendum.html" -->
-<div class="reduced-width">
+<div class="article reduced-width">
<h2>Why Copyleft?</h2>
-<div class="article">
<div class="important">
<p><em>When it comes to defending everyone's freedom, to lie
down and do nothing is an act of weakness, not humility.</em></p>
@@ -38,7 +33,7 @@
licenses was an “act of humility”: “I ask nothing of
those who use my code, except to credit me.” It is rather a
stretch to describe a legal demand for credit as
-“humility”, but there is a deeper point to be considered
+“humility,” but there is a deeper point to be considered
here.
</p>
@@ -80,7 +75,6 @@
processors.</li>
</ul>
</div>
-</div>
</div><!-- for id="content", starts in the include above -->
<!--#include virtual="/server/footer.html" -->
@@ -139,7 +133,7 @@
<p class="unprintable">Updated:
<!-- timestamp start -->
-$Date: 2021/08/19 08:13:29 $
+$Date: 2021/08/28 16:02:47 $
<!-- timestamp end -->
</p>
</div>
Index: po/why-free.fr-en.html
===================================================================
RCS file: /web/www/www/philosophy/po/why-free.fr-en.html,v
retrieving revision 1.38
retrieving revision 1.39
diff -u -b -r1.38 -r1.39
--- po/why-free.fr-en.html 19 Aug 2021 08:13:29 -0000 1.38
+++ po/why-free.fr-en.html 28 Aug 2021 16:02:47 -0000 1.39
@@ -13,13 +13,12 @@
<!--#include virtual="/philosophy/ph-breadcrumb.html" -->
<!--GNUN: OUT-OF-DATE NOTICE-->
<!--#include virtual="/server/top-addendum.html" -->
-<div class="reduced-width">
+<div class="article reduced-width">
<h2>Why Software Should Not Have Owners</h2>
<address class="byline">by <a href="https://www.stallman.org/";>Richard
Stallman</a></address>
-<div class="article">
<p>
Digital information technology contributes to the world by making it
easier to copy and modify information. Computers promise to make this
@@ -27,7 +26,7 @@
<p>
Not everyone wants it to be easier. The system of copyright gives
-software programs “owners”, most of whom aim to withhold
+software programs “owners,” most of whom aim to withhold
software's potential benefit from the rest of the public. They would
like to be the only ones who can copy and modify the software that we
use.</p>
@@ -86,8 +85,8 @@
<p>
Owners use smear words such as “piracy” and
-“theft”, as well as expert terminology such as
-“intellectual property” and “damage”, to
+“theft,” as well as expert terminology such as
+“intellectual property” and “damage,” to
suggest a certain line of thinking to the public—a simplistic
analogy between programs and physical objects.</p>
@@ -240,7 +239,7 @@
<p>
And, above all, society needs to encourage the spirit of voluntary
cooperation in its citizens. When software owners tell us that
-helping our neighbors in a natural way is “piracy”, they
+helping our neighbors in a natural way is “piracy,” they
pollute our society's civic spirit.</p>
<p>
@@ -305,20 +304,17 @@
<p>
You deserve free software.</p>
<div class="column-limit"></div>
-</div>
<h3 class="footnote">Footnote</h3>
<ol>
<li id="footnote1">The charges were subsequently dismissed.</li>
</ol>
-<hr class="thin" />
-<div id="fsfs" role="complementary">
-<p>This essay is published in
+<hr class="no-display" />
+<div class="edu-note c"><p id="fsfs">This essay is published in
<a href="https://shop.fsf.org/product/free-software-free-society/";><cite>Free
Software, Free Society: The Selected Essays of Richard
-M. Stallman</cite></a>.</p>
-</div>
+M. Stallman</cite></a>.</p></div>
</div>
</div><!-- for id="content", starts in the include above -->
@@ -378,7 +374,7 @@
<p class="unprintable">Updated:
<!-- timestamp start -->
-$Date: 2021/08/19 08:13:29 $
+$Date: 2021/08/28 16:02:47 $
<!-- timestamp end -->
</p>
</div>
Index: po/words-to-avoid.fr-en.html
===================================================================
RCS file: /web/www/www/philosophy/po/words-to-avoid.fr-en.html,v
retrieving revision 1.120
retrieving revision 1.121
diff -u -b -r1.120 -r1.121
--- po/words-to-avoid.fr-en.html 19 Aug 2021 08:13:29 -0000 1.120
+++ po/words-to-avoid.fr-en.html 28 Aug 2021 16:02:47 -0000 1.121
@@ -240,8 +240,8 @@
<h3 id="Assets">“Assets”</h3>
<!-- GNUN-SORT-END-KEY -->
<p>
-To refer to published works as “assets”, or “digital
-assets”, is even worse than calling
+To refer to published works as “assets,” or “digital
+assets,” is even worse than calling
them <a href="#Content">“content”</a> — it presumes
they have no value to society except commercial value.</p>
@@ -282,7 +282,7 @@
<!-- GNUN-SORT-END-KEY -->
<p id="Cloud">
The term “cloud computing” (or
-just “cloud”, in the context of
+just “cloud,” in the context of
computing) is a marketing buzzword with no coherent meaning. It is
used for a range of different activities whose only common
characteristic is that they use the Internet for something beyond
@@ -328,7 +328,7 @@
NIST definition of "cloud computing"</a> mentions three scenarios that
raise different ethical issues: Software as a Service, Platform as a
Service, and Infrastructure as a Service. However, that definition
-does not match the common use of “cloud computing”, since
+does not match the common use of “cloud computing,” since
it does not include storing data in online services. Software as a
Service as defined by NIST overlaps considerably with Service as a
Software Substitute, which mistreats the user, but the two concepts
@@ -819,7 +819,7 @@
search for something on the internet. “Google” is just the
name of one particular search engine among others. We suggest to use
the term “search the web” or (in some contexts) just
-“search”. Try to use a search engine that respects your
+“search.” Try to use a search engine that respects your
privacy; for instance, <a href="https://duckduckgo.com/";>DuckDuckGo</a>
claims not to track its users. (There is no way for outsiders to
verify claims of that kind.)</p>
@@ -969,7 +969,7 @@
monetized gold, silver, copper, printed paper, special kinds of
seashells, and large rocks. However, we now see a tendency to use the
word in another way, meaning “to use something as a basis for
-profit”.</p>
+profit.”</p>
<p>
That usage casts the profit as primary, and the thing used to get the
profit as secondary. That attitude applied to a software project is
@@ -1300,7 +1300,7 @@
methodology. It distinguishes “open source” and
”shared source” as answers, but they overlap —
Microsoft uses the latter as a marketing term to cover a range of
-practices, some of which are “open source”. Thus, this
+practices, some of which are “open source.” Thus, this
term really conveys no coherent information, but it provides an
opportunity to say “open source” in pages describing free
software programs.</p>
@@ -1384,11 +1384,11 @@
</p>
<!-- GNUN-SORT-STOP -->
-<hr class="thin" />
-<p id="fsfs">This essay is published in
+<hr class="no-display" />
+<div class="edu-note c"><p id="fsfs">This essay is published in
<a href="https://shop.fsf.org/product/free-software-free-society/";><cite>Free
Software, Free Society: The Selected Essays of Richard
-M. Stallman</cite></a>.</p>
+M. Stallman</cite></a>.</p></div>
</div>
</div><!-- for id="content", starts in the include above -->
@@ -1448,7 +1448,7 @@
<p class="unprintable">Updated:
<!-- timestamp start -->
-$Date: 2021/08/19 08:13:29 $
+$Date: 2021/08/28 16:02:47 $
<!-- timestamp end -->
</p>
</div>
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