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www/philosophy/po right-to-read.zh-tw.po


From: Po-Yen Huang
Subject: www/philosophy/po right-to-read.zh-tw.po
Date: Sat, 26 Jun 2021 05:09:25 -0400 (EDT)

CVSROOT:        /web/www
Module name:    www
Changes by:     Po-Yen Huang <s8321414> 21/06/26 05:09:25

Added files:
        philosophy/po  : right-to-read.zh-tw.po 

Log message:
        right-to-read.zh-tw.po: Add zh-tw translations.

CVSWeb URLs:
http://web.cvs.savannah.gnu.org/viewcvs/www/philosophy/po/right-to-read.zh-tw.po?cvsroot=www&rev=1.1

Patches:
Index: right-to-read.zh-tw.po
===================================================================
RCS file: right-to-read.zh-tw.po
diff -N right-to-read.zh-tw.po
--- /dev/null   1 Jan 1970 00:00:00 -0000
+++ right-to-read.zh-tw.po      26 Jun 2021 09:09:24 -0000      1.1
@@ -0,0 +1,770 @@
+# LANGUAGE translation of https://www.gnu.org/philosophy/right-to-read.html
+# Copyright (C) 2021 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
+# This file is distributed under the same license as the original article.
+#
+# Jeff Huang <s8321414@gmail.com>, 2021.
+msgid ""
+msgstr ""
+"Project-Id-Version: right-to-read.html\n"
+"POT-Creation-Date: 2020-10-06 08:28+0000\n"
+"PO-Revision-Date: 2021-06-26 17:04+0800\n"
+"Language-Team: Traditional Chinese <www-zh-tw-translators@gnu.org>\n"
+"MIME-Version: 1.0\n"
+"Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8\n"
+"Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit\n"
+"X-Generator: Lokalize 21.04.2\n"
+"Last-Translator: Jeff Huang <s8321414@gmail.com>\n"
+"Plural-Forms: nplurals=1; plural=0;\n"
+"Language: zh_TW\n"
+
+#. type: Content of: <title>
+msgid "The Right to Read - GNU Project - Free Software Foundation"
+msgstr "閱讀的權利 - GNU 專案 - 自由軟體基金會"
+
+#. type: Content of: <h2>
+msgid "The Right to Read"
+msgstr "閱讀的權利"
+
+#. type: Content of: <address>
+msgid "by <a href=\"http://www.stallman.org/\";>Richard Stallman</a>"
+msgstr "作者為 <a href=\"http://www.stallman.org/\";>Richard Stallman</a>"
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"<em>This article appeared in the February 1997 issue of <cite>Communications "
+"of the ACM</cite> (Volume 40, Number 2).</em>"
+msgstr ""
+"<em>本文首次發表於1997年2月號的<cite>《ACM 通訊》</cite>"
+"(第 40 卷,第 2 號)。</em>"
+
+#. type: Content of: <div><blockquote><p>
+msgid ""
+"From <cite>The Road To Tycho</cite>, a collection of articles about the "
+"antecedents of the Lunarian Revolution, published in Luna City in 2096."
+msgstr ""
+"本文來自 <cite>The Road To Tycho</cite>,一本關於月球革命"
+"原因的文章集,於2096年在月球市出版。"
+
+#. type: Content of: <div><div><p>
+msgid ""
+"For Dan Halbert, the road to Tycho began in college&mdash;when Lissa Lenz "
+"asked to borrow his computer.  Hers had broken down, and unless she could "
+"borrow another, she would fail her midterm project.  There was no one she "
+"dared ask, except Dan."
+msgstr ""
+"對 Dan Halbert 來說,會接觸到 The Road To Tycho 是因
為在大學期間 ── "
+"Lissa Lenz 向他借電腦。因為她的電è…
¦å£žäº†ï¼Œè€Œé™¤éžå¥¹å¯ä»¥å€Ÿåˆ°å¦ä¸€å°ï¼Œå¦å‰‡"
+"她的期中專題勢必會失敗,而且除了 Dan 以外,她不敢問å…
¶ä»–人。"
+
+#. type: Content of: <div><div><p>
+msgid ""
+"This put Dan in a dilemma.  He had to help her&mdash;but if he lent her his "
+"computer, she might read his books.  Aside from the fact that you could go "
+"to prison for many years for letting someone else read your books, the very "
+"idea shocked him at first.  Like everyone, he had been taught since "
+"elementary school that sharing books was nasty and wrong&mdash;something "
+"that only pirates would do."
+msgstr ""
+"這讓 Dan 有點為難,一方面想要幫助她 ── 
但他知道倘若他借她電腦,她可"
+"能會閱讀他的書。除了讓別人看到你
自己收藏的書可能會讓你坐上好幾年的牢"
+"以外,這種念é 
­çš„出現也讓他感到震驚。和所有人一樣,他從小學開始就被教"
+"導說分享書籍是錯誤的事情 ── 這是只有那些盜版者
才會做的事情。"
+
+#. type: Content of: <div><div><p>
+msgid ""
+"And there wasn't much chance that the SPA&mdash;the Software Protection "
+"Authority&mdash;would fail to catch him.  In his software class, Dan had "
+"learned that each book had a copyright monitor that reported when and where "
+"it was read, and by whom, to Central Licensing.  (They used this information "
+"to catch reading pirates, but also to sell personal interest profiles to "
+"retailers.)  The next time his computer was networked, Central Licensing "
+"would find out.  He, as computer owner, would receive the harshest "
+"punishment&mdash;for not taking pains to prevent the crime."
+msgstr ""
+"而且他也沒有什麼機會可以躲避 SPA(Software Protection 
Authority、軟體保護局)"
+"的追查。在軟體課堂上,Dan 
學到了任何書籍都有著作權監控器,然後當這些書籍被非"
+"其所有者閱讀時,著作權監視器就會馬上回報這件事情
給授權中央(他們會使用這個資"
+"訊來抓住任何的盜版者
,但他們同時也會把一些個人偏好的資料賣給零售商)。當下次"
+"他的電腦上網的時候,授權中心就會知道這件事情
,而他身為電腦的持有者,會因為沒"
+"有避免造成犯罪而受到嚴厲的處罰。"
+
+#. type: Content of: <div><div><p>
+msgid ""
+"Of course, Lissa did not necessarily intend to read his books.  She might "
+"want the computer only to write her midterm.  But Dan knew she came from a "
+"middle-class family and could hardly afford the tuition, let alone her "
+"reading fees.  Reading his books might be the only way she could graduate.  "
+"He understood this situation; he himself had had to borrow to pay for all "
+"the research papers he read.  (Ten percent of those fees went to the "
+"researchers who wrote the papers; since Dan aimed for an academic career, he "
+"could hope that his own research papers, if frequently referenced, would "
+"bring in enough to repay this loan.)"
+msgstr ""
+"當然,Lissa 也不是想要看他的書,她只是想要用電è…
¦ä¾†åšæœŸä¸­ä½œæ¥­ã€‚但 Dan 知道她來"
+"自於一個中產階級家庭,連學費都難以負
擔,更別提閱讀費。而閱讀他的書可能就是她"
+"能畢業的唯一途徑。Dan 
深知這一點;而他自己也不得不借錢才能看到他需要閱讀的ç 
”"
+"究論文(閱讀費的一成是給作者的,因為 Dan 
的目標是成為一名研究者,他當然也希望"
+"他的研究論文可以被頻繁引用,這樣他就可以償還他所欠
下的債務)。"
+
+#. type: Content of: <div><div><p>
+msgid ""
+"Later on, Dan would learn there was a time when anyone could go to the "
+"library and read journal articles, and even books, without having to pay.  "
+"There were independent scholars who read thousands of pages without "
+"government library grants.  But in the 1990s, both commercial and nonprofit "
+"journal publishers had begun charging fees for access.  By 2047, libraries "
+"offering free public access to scholarly literature were a dim memory."
+msgstr ""
+"後來,Dan 
了解到曾經有那麼一個年代,所有人都可以去圖書館å…
è²»é–±è®€æœŸåˆŠæ–‡ç« "
+",甚至是書籍。還有過一些獨立的學者
,他們在沒有政府圖書館所許可的情況下可"
+"以閱讀上千é 
çš„資料。但是自從1990年代開始,商業和非營利的出版商都開始了付"
+"費查閱機制,而到了2047年,向大眾å…
è²»æä¾›å­¸è¡“文獻的圖書館已成為了模糊的記"
+"憶。"
+
+#. type: Content of: <div><div><p>
+msgid ""
+"There were ways, of course, to get around the SPA and Central Licensing.  "
+"They were themselves illegal.  Dan had had a classmate in software, Frank "
+"Martucci, who had obtained an illicit debugging tool, and used it to skip "
+"over the copyright monitor code when reading books.  But he had told too "
+"many friends about it, and one of them turned him in to the SPA for a reward "
+"(students deep in debt were easily tempted into betrayal).  In 2047, Frank "
+"was in prison, not for pirate reading, but for possessing a debugger."
+msgstr ""
+"當然,是有一些方法可以繞過 SPA 和授權中心的。"
+"但毫無疑問都是非法的。 Dan 在軟體課上有一個同"
+"學,Frank Martucci,他不知道從哪裡取得了一個"
+"違法的除錯工具,然後使用這個工具來跳過著作權"
+"監控的程式碼,但他把這件事告訴給太多人,其中"
+"某個人便為了檢舉獎金而向 SPA 舉發了他(負債的"
+"學生是很容易為了誘惑而背叛朋友的),而2047"
+"年 Frank 就進了監獄,不是因為非法閱讀,而是因"
+"為擁有這個除錯工具。"
+
+#. type: Content of: <div><div><p>
+msgid ""
+"Dan would later learn that there was a time when anyone could have debugging "
+"tools.  There were even free debugging tools available on CD or downloadable "
+"over the net.  But ordinary users started using them to bypass copyright "
+"monitors, and eventually a judge ruled that this had become their principal "
+"use in actual practice.  This meant they were illegal; the debuggers' "
+"developers were sent to prison."
+msgstr ""
+"後來,Dan 
了解到曾經有那麼一個年代,人人都可以擁有這個除錯"
+"工具。有專門裝有此工具的å…
‰ç¢Ÿç‰‡ï¼Œç”šè‡³é‚„可以到網路上下載。然"
+"而使用者幾乎都使用這個工å…
·è·³éŽè‘—作權監控,法官判定這個行為"
+"是違法的,最後導致工具開發者進了監獄。"
+
+#. type: Content of: <div><div><p>
+msgid ""
+"Programmers still needed debugging tools, of course, but debugger vendors in "
+"2047 distributed numbered copies only, and only to officially licensed and "
+"bonded programmers.  The debugger Dan used in software class was kept behind "
+"a special firewall so that it could be used only for class exercises."
+msgstr ""
+"但是當然,程式設計師們仍然需要除錯程式,但2047年時,除錯程式"
+"的供應商僅
發佈帶有編號的副本,並且只賣給有正式授權和持有擔保"
+"書的工程師們。Dan 
在軟體課上使用的除錯程式被特殊的防火牆保護"
+",所以它只能用於課堂練習。"
+
+#. type: Content of: <div><div><p>
+msgid ""
+"It was also possible to bypass the copyright monitors by installing a "
+"modified system kernel.  Dan would eventually find out about the free "
+"kernels, even entire free operating systems, that had existed around the "
+"turn of the century.  But not only were they illegal, like debuggers&mdash;"
+"you could not install one if you had one, without knowing your computer's "
+"root password.  And neither the FBI nor Microsoft Support would tell you "
+"that."
+msgstr ""
+"還有其他方法可以繞過著作權監控,就是安裝一個"
+"修改過的作業系統核心。Dan 最終會發現,在世紀"
+"之初,作業系統核心、甚至是整個作業系統全部都"
+"是自由的。但不知他們和除錯程式一樣是非法的 ── "
+"就算你拿到了作業系統,在不知道電腦的 root 密碼"
+"的情況下,你也無法安裝,無論是 FBI 還是微軟的"
+"支援團隊都不會告訴你密碼是什麼。"
+
+#. type: Content of: <div><div><p>
+msgid ""
+"Dan concluded that he couldn't simply lend Lissa his computer.  But he "
+"couldn't refuse to help her, because he loved her.  Every chance to speak "
+"with her filled him with delight.  And that she chose him to ask for help, "
+"that could mean she loved him too."
+msgstr ""
+"Dan 最後得出的結論是,他不能簡單地就把電腦借給 
Lissa。但他"
+"也不能不借,因
為他愛著她。每一次在與她交談的時候,他都感覺"
+"自己充滿喜悅
,而既然她選擇向他求助,這也意味著她可能也愛著他。"
+
+#. type: Content of: <div><div><p>
+msgid ""
+"Dan resolved the dilemma by doing something even more unthinkable&mdash;he "
+"lent her the computer, and told her his password.  This way, if Lissa read "
+"his books, Central Licensing would think he was reading them.  It was still "
+"a crime, but the SPA would not automatically find out about it.  They would "
+"only find out if Lissa reported him."
+msgstr ""
+"Dan 選擇了一個令人意想不到的方式來解決這個難題 ── 
他"
+"把電腦的密碼給她,這樣哪怕 Lissa 
閱讀了他的書,授權中心"
+"就會以為是 Dan 自己在看。當然這同樣也是違法的,但除"
+"非 Lissa 回報,不然 SPA 不可能會發現。"
+
+#. type: Content of: <div><div><p>
+msgid ""
+"Of course, if the school ever found out that he had given Lissa his own "
+"password, it would be curtains for both of them as students, regardless of "
+"what she had used it for.  School policy was that any interference with "
+"their means of monitoring students' computer use was grounds for "
+"disciplinary action.  It didn't matter whether you did anything "
+"harmful&mdash;the offense was making it hard for the administrators to check "
+"on you.  They assumed this meant you were doing something else forbidden, "
+"and they did not need to know what it was."
+msgstr ""
+"當然,如果學校發現他給 Lissa 他的密碼,"
+"那他們就完蛋了。學校的政策是做出任何對"
+"於干擾他們監視學生電腦的行為都是要被懲"
+"罰的,儘管你做的事情是完全無害的。因為"
+"如果你做出了干擾監視的行為,那他們無法"
+"真的判斷你有沒有被禁止的事情,他們因此"
+"直接假定你違規了,至於你究竟做了什麼,"
+"他們不需要知道。"
+
+#. type: Content of: <div><div><p>
+msgid ""
+"Students were not usually expelled for this&mdash;not directly.  Instead "
+"they were banned from the school computer systems, and would inevitably fail "
+"all their classes."
+msgstr ""
+"學生通常不會因此而被開除 ── 至少不是直接被開除。"
+"但他們會被禁止使用學校的電腦系統,這必然導致他們"
+"所有的課程都無法通過。"
+
+#. type: Content of: <div><div><p>
+msgid ""
+"Later, Dan would learn that this kind of university policy started only in "
+"the 1980s, when university students in large numbers began using computers.  "
+"Previously, universities maintained a different approach to student "
+"discipline; they punished activities that were harmful, not those that "
+"merely raised suspicion."
+msgstr ""
+"此後,Dan 
可能會了解到說這樣子的政策是在1980年代才開始的,"
+"當時有大量的大學生開始使用電腦。在此之前,大學的æ 
¡è¦æ–¼æ­¤å…¨"
+"然不同,他們此前只會懲罰有害的行為,而不是那些只是引起懷疑"
+"的行為。"
+
+#. type: Content of: <div><div><p>
+msgid ""
+"Lissa did not report Dan to the SPA.  His decision to help her led to their "
+"marriage, and also led them to question what they had been taught about "
+"piracy as children.  The couple began reading about the history of "
+"copyright, about the Soviet Union and its restrictions on copying, and even "
+"the original United States Constitution.  They moved to Luna, where they "
+"found others who had likewise gravitated away from the long arm of the SPA.  "
+"When the Tycho Uprising began in 2062, the universal right to read soon "
+"became one of its central aims."
+msgstr ""
+"Lissa 沒有向 SPA 舉報 Dan,而 Dan 
選擇幫助她也促使了他們最後走向婚姻的殿堂,這"
+"也讓他們開始質疑了從小所接收到的關於盜版的教育是否是合理的。他們夫婦開始閱讀"
+"有關著作權的歷史,關於蘇聯對於複製行為的限制,以及美國憲法的起源。他們搬到了"
+"月亮城裡,在這裡他們發現了很多逃離 SPA 荼毒的å…
¶ä»–人,當2062年的 Tycho 革命開"
+"始時,所有人的閱讀權利成為了他們主要的奮鬥目標之一。"
+
+#. type: Content of: <div><div><blockquote><p>
+msgid ""
+"<a href=\"http://defectivebydesign.org/ebooks.html\";>Join our mailing list "
+"about the dangers of e-books</a>."
+msgstr ""
+"<a href=\"http://defectivebydesign.org/ebooks.html\";>請加å…
¥æˆ‘們關於電子書"
+"危害的郵件清單</a>."
+
+#. type: Content of: <div><div><h3>
+msgid "Author's Notes"
+msgstr "作者小記"
+
+#. type: Content of: <div><div><ul><li><div><p>
+msgid ""
+"This story is supposedly a historical article that will be written in the "
+"future by someone else, describing Dan Halbert's youth under a repressive "
+"society shaped by the unjust forces that use &ldquo;pirate&rdquo; as "
+"propaganda. So it uses the terminology of that society.  I have tried to "
+"project it forwards into something more visibly oppressive. See <a href=\"/"
+"philosophy/words-to-avoid.html#Piracy\">&ldquo;Piracy&rdquo;</a>."
+msgstr ""
+"這則應該會變成未來某個人所寫的歷史故
事,他描述的是年輕時"
+"生活在專制社會的 Dan Halbert,這是個不å…
¬ä¸ç¾©çš„社會,他們"
+"使用「盜版」一詞作為口號,所以這個故
事也使用了那個社會的"
+"用語,我試著將他投射成某個更具壓迫感的事物。請見<a 
href=\"/"
+"philosophy/words-to-avoid.html#Piracy\">「盜版」</a>。"
+
+#. type: Content of: <div><div><ul><li><div><p>
+msgid ""
+"Computer-enforced restrictions on lending or reading books (and other kinds "
+"of published works) are known as DRM, short for &ldquo;Digital Restrictions "
+"Management&rdquo;.  To eliminate DRM, the Free Software Foundation has "
+"established the <a href=\"http://DefectiveByDesign.org\";>Defective by "
+"Design</a> campaign.  We ask for your support."
+msgstr ""
+"使用電腦來限制對於書籍(或是其他出版品)"
+"的借閱或閱讀行為被稱之為 DRM,&ldquo;Digital Restriction "
+"Management&rdquo; 的縮寫。而自由軟體基金會為了消滅 DRM"
+",發起了稱作 <a href=\"http://DefectiveByDesign.org\";>Defective by "
+"Design</a> 的活動,我們請求你的支援。"
+
+#. type: Content of: <div><div><ul><li><div><p>
+msgid ""
+"The Electronic Frontier Foundation, a separate organization not related to "
+"the Free Software Foundation, also campaigns against DRM."
+msgstr ""
+"電子前哨基金會 (Electronic Frontier 
Foundation),一個與自由軟體基金會無關的"
+"獨立組織,也參與了反 DRM 的運動。"
+
+#. type: Content of: <div><div><p>
+msgid ""
+"The following note has been updated several times since the first "
+"publication of the story."
+msgstr "此註記在發表後進行了多次更新。"
+
+#. type: Content of: <div><div><ul><li><div><p>
+msgid ""
+"The battle for the right to read is already being fought.  Although it may "
+"take 50 years for our past freedoms to fade into obscurity, most of the "
+"specific repressive laws and practices described above have already been "
+"proposed; some have been enacted into law in the US and elsewhere.  In the "
+"US, the 1998 Digital Millennium Copyright Act (DMCA) gave explicit "
+"government backing to the computer-enforced restrictions known as DRM, by "
+"making the distribution of programs that can break DRM a crime.  The "
+"European Union imposed similar restrictions in a 2001 copyright directive, "
+"in a form not quite as strong."
+msgstr ""
+"對於閱讀權的戰爭已然開始。雖然可能要花50年我們才會發現"
+"現在所擁有的自由完å…
¨è¢«å‰å¥ªï¼Œä½†æœ¬æ–‡è£¡é¢æ‰€è¬›è¨´çš„一些專制"
+"法律與作法已被提出,有些在美國與其他地方已被é 
’布成為法"
+"律。在美國,1998年所頒佈的數位千禧年著作權法 (DMCA) 明"
+"文賦予了政府對於 DRM 的支持,該法案把破解 DRM 的程式稱"
+"之為犯罪。而歐盟在2001年所é 
’佈的法令也類似,只是以不那"
+"麼強烈的形式產生而已。"
+
+#. type: Content of: <div><div><ul><li><div><p>
+msgid ""
+"The US campaigns to impose such rules on the rest of the world through so-"
+"called &ldquo;free trade&rdquo; treaties.  <a href=\"https://stallman.org/";
+"business-supremacy-treaties.html\"> Business-supremacy treaties</a> is a "
+"more fitting term for them, since they are designed to give business "
+"dominion over nominally democratic states.  The DMCA's policy of "
+"criminalizing programs that break DRM is one of many unjust policies that "
+"these treaties impose across a wide range of fields."
+msgstr ""
+"美國透過所謂的「自由貿易」條約來強加
這類的規則到世界上的其他國家。<a href="
+"\"https://stallman.org/business-supremacy-treaties.html\";>商業至上條約</a>å
…¶"
+"實更確切一點,因
為這些條約是設計來透過商業來統治那些名義上民主的國家。而
 "
+"DMCA 政策將破解 DRM 
的程式歸類成犯罪行為只是這類條約眾多不公平的政策之一"
+",而這些條約已經被大範圍的推行到不同領域了。"
+
+#. type: Content of: <div><div><ul><li><div><p>
+msgid ""
+"The US has imposed DMCA requirements on Australia, Panama, Colombia and "
+"South Korea through bilateral agreements, and on countries such as Costa "
+"Rica through another treaty, CAFTA.  Obama has escalated the campaign with "
+"two new proposed treaties, the TPP and the TTIP.  The TPP would impose the "
+"DMCA, along with many other wrongs, on 12 countries on the Pacific Ocean.  "
+"The TTIP would impose similar strictures on Europe.  All these treaties must "
+"be defeated, or abolished."
+msgstr ""
+"美國已經透過雙邊協定將 DMCA 
推廣到澳洲、巴拿馬、哥倫比亞與"
+"韓國,並且在哥斯達黎加等國家透過另一項條約 CAFTA 
來強加類似"
+"的要求,歐巴馬總統還使用了 TPP 和 TTIP 這å…
©å€‹æ–°æå‡ºçš„條約來"
+"升級這個行動。TPP 向太平洋地區 12 個國家推廣 
DMCA,連帶許"
+"多其他錯誤政策。而 TTIP 
會向歐洲國家推廣類似的法規。這些條"
+"約都必須要被廢除或是撤銷。"
+
+#. type: Content of: <div><div><ul><li><div><p>
+msgid ""
+"Even the World Wide Web Consortium has fallen under the shadow of the "
+"copyright industry; it is on the verge of approving a DRM system as an "
+"official part of the web specifications."
+msgstr ""
+"就連全球資訊網協會 (W3C) 也已經被籠
罩在著作權行業的陰影下"
+",它甚至正要批准 DRM 系統進入正式的網路規範。"
+
+#. type: Content of: <div><div><ul><li><div><div><p>
+msgid ""
+"Nonfree software tends to have <a href=\"/proprietary/\">abusive features of "
+"many kinds</a>, which lead to the conclusion that <a href=\"/philosophy/free-"
+"software-even-more-important.html\">you can never trust a nonfree program</"
+"a>.  We must insist on free (libre)  software only, and reject nonfree "
+"programs."
+msgstr ""
+"非自由軟體傾向於擁有<a href=\"/proprietary/\">多種易被濫用的"
+"功能</a>,因此可以得出如此結論,亦即<a 
href=\"/philosophy/free-software-even-more-important.ht"
+"ml\">"
+"不要相信任何非自由軟體</a>。我們必須堅
持只使用自由軟體,"
+"然後拒絕所有非自由軟體。"
+
+#. type: Content of: <div><div><ul><li><div><p>
+msgid ""
+"With Windows Vista, Microsoft admitted it had built in a back door: "
+"Microsoft can use it to forcibly install software &ldquo;upgrades,&rdquo; "
+"even if users consider them rather to be downgrades.  It can also order all "
+"machines running Vista to refuse to run a certain device driver.  The main "
+"purpose of Vista's clampdown on users was to impose DRM that users can't "
+"overcome.  Of course, Windows 10 is no better."
+msgstr ""
+"對於 Windows Vista 來說,微軟承認了他們內建了後門:"
+"微軟可以使用它來強迫安裝軟體「升級」,即使使用者想"
+"要的是降級。它也可以命令所有 Vista 電腦的程式拒絕執"
+"行某個指定的裝置驅動程式。Vista 這樣子限制使用者的"
+"目的便是為了要引入 DRM,使用者根本無從去反抗。當"
+"然 Windows 10 也沒有比較好。"
+
+#. type: Content of: <div><div><ul><li><div><p>
+msgid ""
+"One of the ideas in the story was not proposed in reality until 2002.  This "
+"is the idea that the FBI and Microsoft will keep the root passwords for your "
+"personal computers, and not let you have them."
+msgstr ""
+"這個故事所講到的其中一個想法在2002年被實現了。"
+"就是 FBI 與微軟擁有您電腦的密碼,而你自己卻沒有。"
+
+#. type: Content of: <div><div><ul><li><div><p>
+msgid ""
+"The proponents of this scheme gave early versions names such as &ldquo;"
+"trusted computing&rdquo; and &ldquo;Palladium&rdquo;, but as ultimately put "
+"into use, it is called &ldquo;secure boot&rdquo;."
+msgstr ""
+"這個方案的提倡者在比較早期的方案為它命名為"
+"「可信賴運算」與 &ldquo;Palladium&rdquo;,"
+"但最終投入使用之時,其被稱之為「安全啟動」。"
+
+#. type: Content of: <div><div><ul><li><div><p>
+msgid ""
+"What Microsoft keeps is not exactly a password in the traditional sense; no "
+"person ever types it on a terminal.  Rather, it is a signature and "
+"encryption key that corresponds to a second key stored in your computer.  "
+"This enables Microsoft, and potentially any web sites that cooperate with "
+"Microsoft, the ultimate control over what the user can do on per own "
+"computer.  Microsoft is likely to use that control on behalf of the FBI when "
+"asked: it already <a href=\"/proprietary/malware-microsoft.html\">shows the "
+"NSA security bugs in Windows</a> to exploit."
+msgstr ""
+"微軟所擁有的並不是傳統意義上的密碼,甚至沒有人會真的將他輸å
…¥åˆ°çµ‚端機裡面。"
+"更確切來說,其為一個簽章與一把與你電è…
¦ä¸Šå„²å­˜çš„金鑰相對的另一把金鑰。這讓微"
+"軟,甚至任何與微軟合作的網站,都可以完全的控制使用者
的電腦。微軟可能會"
+"在 FBI 要求時幫助 FBI 控制,他們<a 
href=\"/proprietary/malware-microsoft.html\">"
+"已向 NSA 展示了 Windows 漏洞</a>可供利用。"
+
+#. type: Content of: <div><div><ul><li><div><p>
+msgid ""
+"Secure boot can be implemented in a way that permits the user to specify the "
+"signature key and decide what software to sign.  In practice, PCs designed "
+"for Windows 10 carry only Microsoft's key, and whether the machine's owner "
+"can install any other system (such as GNU/Linux) is under Microsoft's "
+"control.  We call this <em>restricted boot</em>."
+msgstr ""
+"安全啟動是被實作來允許使用者指定特定簽章
金鑰來決定讓什麼軟體簽章。"
+"而在實務上,為 Windows 10 設計的個人電腦僅
搭載了微軟的金鑰,且即便"
+"電腦的所有人安裝了其他系統(例如 
GNU/Linux),他也仍在微軟的控制下"
+"。我們將之稱為<em>受限啟動</em>。"
+
+#. type: Content of: <div><div><ul><li><div><p>
+msgid ""
+"In 1997, when this story was first published, the SPA was threatening small "
+"Internet service providers, demanding they permit the SPA to monitor all "
+"users.  Most ISPs surrendered when threatened, because they could not afford "
+"to fight back in court.  One ISP, Community ConneXion in Oakland, "
+"California, refused the demand and was actually sued.  The SPA later dropped "
+"the suit, but the DMCA gave it the power it sought."
+msgstr ""
+"1997年本文首次發表時,SPA 正在威脅
一些小型的網際網路服務提供商,"
+"要求他們允許 SPA 來監控所有使用者。大多數的 ISP 
都屈服於其淫威之下"
+",因為他們無力承擔法律訴訟的高昂費用。而其中一個 
ISP,"
+"加州 Oakland 的 ConneXion 真的拒絕了 SPA 
的要求,然後也真的被起訴"
+"了。雖然 SPA 後來撤回了訴訟,但 DMCA 
卻又給了他們想要的權力。"
+
+#. type: Content of: <div><div><ul><li><div><p>
+msgid ""
+"The SPA, which actually stands for Software Publishers Association, has been "
+"replaced in its police-like role by the Business Software Alliance.  The BSA "
+"is not, today, an official police force; unofficially, it acts like one.  "
+"Using methods reminiscent of the erstwhile Soviet Union, it invites people "
+"to inform on their coworkers and friends.  A BSA terror campaign in "
+"Argentina in 2001 made slightly veiled threats that people sharing software "
+"would be raped in prison."
+msgstr ""
+"SPA,其實是軟體出版者協會 (Software Publishers Association) 
的簡寫,"
+"而其已被類似於警察的 BSA (Business Softeware Alliance) 所取代。"
+"BSA 目前還不是正式的警察,不過å…
¶æ‰®æ¼”的就是非正式的警察。使用的手段"
+"令人想起了前蘇聯,它邀請人們來舉發自己的同事與朋友。BSA
 在2001年阿"
+"根廷的一個恐怖行動毫不掩飾的威脅
著人們說分享軟體的人們在監獄中會被強暴。"
+
+#. type: Content of: <div><div><ul><li><div><p>
+msgid ""
+"The university security policies described above are not imaginary.  For "
+"example, a computer at one Chicago-area university displayed this message "
+"upon login:"
+msgstr ""
+"在這個故事當中所描述的大學安全政策也並不是杜撰的。"
+"舉個例子,芝加哥的某間大學裡有一台電腦,在登入的時"
+"候會顯示這樣的字樣:"
+
+#. type: Content of: <div><div><ul><li><div><blockquote><p>
+msgid ""
+"This system is for the use of authorized users only.  Individuals using this "
+"computer system without authority or in the excess of their authority are "
+"subject to having all their activities on this system monitored and recorded "
+"by system personnel.  In the course of monitoring individuals improperly "
+"using this system or in the course of system maintenance, the activities of "
+"authorized user may also be monitored.  Anyone using this system expressly "
+"consents to such monitoring and is advised that if such monitoring reveals "
+"possible evidence of illegal activity or violation of University regulations "
+"system personnel may provide the evidence of such monitoring to University "
+"authorities and/or law enforcement officials."
+msgstr ""
+"這個系統僅供被授權的使用者
使用。沒有得到授權或是越權使用"
+"的人的動作都會被系統人員監視並紀錄。在進行不當使用檢測或"
+"是在進行系統維護的時候,獲得授權的使用者
也可能會被監控。"
+"使用這個系統即意味著完å…
¨åŒæ„é€™æ¨£å­çš„監控行為,並了解如果"
+"監控得出的證據,將會被遞交至學校或是執法部門。"
+
+#. type: Content of: <div><div><ul><li><div><p>
+msgid ""
+"This is an interesting approach to the Fourth Amendment: pressure most "
+"everyone to agree, in advance, to waive their rights under it."
+msgstr ""
+"這是對於(美國憲法)第四修正案的一個很有趣的解讀:"
+"實現強迫所有人都同意,來讓他們放棄自己在此修正案下"
+"的權利。"
+
+#. type: Content of: <div><div><h3>
+msgid "Bad News"
+msgstr "壞消息"
+
+#. type: Content of: <div><div><p>
+msgid ""
+"The battle for the right to read is going against us so far.  The enemy is "
+"organized, and we are not."
+msgstr ""
+"到目前為止,關於閱讀權利的抗爭對我們不利,"
+"且敵人是有組織的行動,而我們不是。"
+
+#. type: Content of: <div><div><div><p>
+msgid ""
+"Today's commercial e-books <a href=\"/philosophy/the-danger-of-ebooks.html"
+"\"> abolish readers' traditional freedoms</a>.  Amazon's e-book reader "
+"product, which I call the &ldquo;<a href=\"/philosophy/why-call-it-the-"
+"swindle.html\">Amazon Swindle</a>&rdquo; because it's designed to swindle "
+"readers out of the traditional freedoms of readers of books, is run by "
+"software with several demonstrated <a href=\"/proprietary/malware-kindle-"
+"swindle.html\">Orwellian functionalities</a>.  Any one of them calls for "
+"rejecting the product completely:"
+msgstr ""
+"今日的商業電子書<a 
href=\"/philosophy/the-danger-of-ebooks.html\">剝奪了使用者"
+"的傳統自由</a>。亞馬遜的電子書閱讀器,我稱之為<a 
href=\"/philosophy/why-call-"
+"it-the-swindle.html\">亞馬遜 Swindle</a>(譯者
註:騙局之意),因為這正是為了欺"
+"騙讀者來放棄傳統閱讀的自由而設計的。其展示了好幾種 
<a href=\"/proprietary/malware-kindle-swindle."
+"html\">歐威爾式的功能</a>,我們應該完全拒絕包
含這種功能的軟體。"
+
+#. type: Content of: <div><div><div><ul><li><p>
+msgid ""
+"It spies on everything the user does: it reports which book the user is "
+"reading, and which page, and it reports when the user highlights text, and "
+"any notes the user enters."
+msgstr ""
+"其監控了使用者所做的一切:回報使用者在閱讀哪一本書"
+"的哪一頁,甚至回報說使用者把哪一句話標為重點以及做"
+"了哪些註釋。"
+
+#. type: Content of: <div><div><div><ul><li><p>
+msgid "It has DRM, which is intended to block users from sharing copies."
+msgstr "其也有 DRM,來防止使用者分享副本。"
+
+#. type: Content of: <div><div><div><ul><li><p>
+msgid ""
+"It has a back door with which Amazon can remotely erase any book.  In 2009, "
+"it erased thousands of copies of 1984, by George Orwell."
+msgstr ""
+"其還有後門,讓亞馬遜可以遠端抹除任何書籍。2009年時,"
+"其刪除了數千本由喬治·歐威爾所著的《一九八四》副本。"
+
+#. type: Content of: <div><div><div><ul><li><p>
+msgid ""
+"In case all that isn't Orwellian enough, there is a universal back door with "
+"which Amazon can remotely change the software, and introduce any other form "
+"of nastiness."
+msgstr ""
+"如果這還不夠歐威爾式,å…
¶é‚„有一個更大的後門,讓亞馬遜可以"
+"在遠端修改修改軟體,並引入任何形式的惡意軟體。"
+
+#. type: Content of: <div><div><div><p>
+msgid ""
+"Amazon's e-book distribution is oppressive, too.  It identifies the user and "
+"records what books the user obtains.  It also requires users to agree to an "
+"antisocial contract that they won't share copies with others.  My conscience "
+"tells me that, if I had agreed to such a contract, the lesser evil would be "
+"to defy it and share copies anyway; however, to be entirely good, I should "
+"not agree to it in the first place.  Therefore, I refuse to agree to such "
+"contracts, whether for software, for e-books, for music, or for anything "
+"else."
+msgstr ""
+"亞馬遜的電子書散佈方式也具有壓迫性,其會識別使用者
並"
+"紀錄使用者所取得的書。其同時也要求使用者
同意一個反社"
+"會契約,亦即使用者
不得與他人分享書籍副本。我的意識告"
+"訴我,即便我同意了這份合約,我仍然會相較不那麼邪惡的"
+"違反這個條約然後分享書籍副本。然而,如果要完å…
¨å–„意,"
+"我首先就不該同意。因
此,我拒絕同意這種合約,不管是軟"
+"體、電子書、音樂,還是任何東西。"
+
+#. type: Content of: <div><div><div><p>
+msgid ""
+"If we want to stop the bad news and create some good news, we need to "
+"organize and fight.  Subscribe to the FSF's <a href=\"http://";
+"defectivebydesign.org\"> Defective by Design</a> campaign to lend a hand.  "
+"You can <a href=\"http://www.fsf.org/associate\";>join the FSF</a> to support "
+"our work more generally.  There is also a <a href=\"/help/help.html\">list "
+"of ways to participate in our work</a>."
+msgstr ""
+"如果我們想要減少這種壞消息然後創造一些好消息,我們必
須"
+"組織起來抗爭。訂閱自由軟體基金會的 <a 
href=\"http://defectivebydesign.org\";>"
+"Defective by Design</a> 活動以助我們一臂之力。您可以<a"
+" href=\"http://www.fsf.org/associate\";>"
+"加入自由軟體基金會</a> 來支援我們的工作。這裡還有一張"
+"<a href=\"/help/help.html\">參與我們工作的方式清單</a>。"
+
+#. type: Content of: <div><h3>
+msgid "References"
+msgstr "參考資料"
+
+#. type: Content of: <div><ul><li>
+msgid ""
+"The administration's &ldquo;White Paper&rdquo;: Information Infrastructure "
+"Task Force, Intellectual Property [<a href=\"/philosophy/not-ipr.html\">sic</"
+"a>] and the National Information Infrastructure: The Report of the Working "
+"Group on Intellectual Property [sic] Rights (1995)."
+msgstr ""
+"政府的「白皮書」:Information Infrastructure "
+"Task Force, Intellectual Property [<a 
href=\"/philosophy/not-ipr.html\">原文如此</"
+"a>]與 National Information Infrastructure: The Report of the Working "
+"Group on Intellectual Property [原文如此] Rights (1995)."
+
+#. type: Content of: <div><ul><li>
+msgid ""
+"<a href=\"http://www.wired.com/wired/archive/4.01/white.paper_pr.html\";>An "
+"explanation of the White Paper: The Copyright Grab</a>, Pamela Samuelson, "
+"<cite>Wired</cite>, January 1st, 1996."
+msgstr ""
+"<a href=\"http://www.wired.com/wired/archive/4.01/white.paper_pr.html\";>An "
+"explanation of the White Paper: The Copyright Grab</a>, Pamela Samuelson, "
+"<cite>《Wired》</cite>, January 1st, 1996."
+
+#. type: Content of: <div><ul><li>
+msgid ""
+"<a href=\"http://www.law.duke.edu/boylesite/sold_out.htm\";>Sold Out</a>, "
+"James Boyle, <cite>New York Times</cite>, March 31, 1996."
+msgstr ""
+"<a href=\"http://www.law.duke.edu/boylesite/sold_out.htm\";>Sold Out</a>, "
+"James Boyle, <cite>《紐約時報》</cite>, March 31, 1996."
+
+#. type: Content of: <div><ul><li>
+msgid ""
+"<a href=\"http://web.archive.org/web/20130508120533/http://www.interesting-";
+"people.org/archives/interesting-people/199611/msg00012.html\">Public Data or "
+"Private Data</a>, Dave Farber, <cite>Washington Post</cite>, November 4, "
+"1996."
+msgstr ""
+"<a href=\"http://web.archive.org/web/20130508120533/http://www.interesting-";
+"people.org/archives/interesting-people/199611/msg00012.html\">Public Data or "
+"Private Data</a>, Dave Farber, <cite>《華盛頓郵報》</cite>, November 
4, "
+"1996."
+
+#. type: Content of: <div><ul><li>
+msgid ""
+"<a href=\"https://web.archive.org/web/20151113122141/http://public-domain.";
+"org/\">Union for the Public Domain</a>&mdash;an organization which aims to "
+"resist and reverse the overextension of copyright and patent powers."
+msgstr ""
+"<a href=\"https://web.archive.org/web/20151113122141/http://public-domain.";
+"org/\">公有領域聯盟</a> ── 
一個旨在抵制與扭轉著作權與專利權過度擴張的組織。"
+
+#. type: Content of: <blockquote><p>
+msgid ""
+"This essay is published in <a href=\"http://shop.fsf.org/product/free-";
+"software-free-society/\"><cite>Free Software, Free Society: The Selected "
+"Essays of Richard M. Stallman</cite></a>."
+msgstr ""
+"本文發表於<a 
href=\"http://shop.fsf.org/product/free-software-free-society/";
+"\"><cite>自由軟體,自由社會:理查史托曼文選</cite></a>"
+
+#. TRANSLATORS: Use space (SPC) as msgstr if you don't have notes.
+#. type: Content of: <div>
+msgid "*GNUN-SLOT: TRANSLATOR'S NOTES*"
+msgstr " "
+
+#. type: Content of: <div><div><p>
+msgid ""
+"Please send general FSF &amp; GNU inquiries to <a href=\"mailto:gnu@gnu.org";
+"\">&lt;gnu@gnu.org&gt;</a>.  There are also <a href=\"/contact/\">other ways "
+"to contact</a> the FSF.  Broken links and other corrections or suggestions "
+"can be sent to <a href=\"mailto:webmasters@gnu.org\";>&lt;webmasters@gnu."
+"org&gt;</a>."
+msgstr ""
+"請來信到 <a href=\"mailto:gnu@gnu.org\";>&lt;gnu@gnu.org&gt;</a> 
詢問有關自由"
+"軟體基金會(FSF)和\n"
+"GNU 的一般問題;或者<a href=\"/contact/\">以å…
¶ä»–方式</a>聯絡自由軟體基金會。"
+"至於損毀的連結及其他修正和建議,可以將之寄給 <a 
href=\"mailto:webmasters@gnu.";
+"org\">&lt;webmasters@gnu.org&gt;</a>。"
+
+#
+#
+#
+#. TRANSLATORS: Ignore the original text in this paragraph,
+#. replace it with the translation of these two:
+#. We work hard and do our best to provide accurate, good quality
+#. translations.  However, we are not exempt from imperfection.
+#. Please send your comments and general suggestions in this regard
+#. to <a href="mailto:web-translators@gnu.org";>
+#. &lt;web-translators@gnu.org&gt;</a>.</p>
+#. <p>For information on coordinating and submitting translations of
+#. our web pages, see <a
+#. href="/server/standards/README.translations.html">Translations
+#. README</a>.
+#. type: Content of: <div><div><p>
+msgid ""
+"Please see the <a href=\"/server/standards/README.translations.html"
+"\">Translations README</a> for information on coordinating and submitting "
+"translations of this article."
+msgstr ""
+"我們努力盡所能提供貼切、品質良善的翻譯。然而,我們無法十å
…¨åç¾Žï¼Œé‚„請將你的意"
+"見評述與一般建議寄給 <a 
href=\"mailto:web-translators@gnu.org\";>&lt;web-"
+"translators@gnu.org&gt;</a>\n"
+"請參照 <a href=\"/server/standards/README.translations.html\">翻譯讀我 
"
+"README</a> 來瞭解協調和提交我們的網頁翻譯相關事宜。"
+
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
+msgid ""
+"Copyright &copy; 1996, 2002, 2007, 2009, 2010, 2014, 2015, 2016, 2019, 2020 "
+"Richard Stallman"
+msgstr ""
+"Copyright &copy; 1996, 2002, 2007, 2009, 2010, 2014, 2015, 2016, 2019, 2020 "
+"Richard Stallman"
+
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
+msgid ""
+"This page is licensed under a <a rel=\"license\" href=\"http://";
+"creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nd/4.0/\">Creative Commons Attribution-"
+"NoDerivatives 4.0 International License</a>."
+msgstr ""
+"本頁面採用<a rel=\"license\" 
href=\"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-";
+"nd/4.0/deed.zh_TW\">創用 CC 姓名標示-禁止改作 4.0 
國際</a>條款給予授權。"
+
+#. TRANSLATORS: Use space (SPC) as msgstr if you don't want credits.
+#. type: Content of: <div><div>
+msgid "*GNUN-SLOT: TRANSLATOR'S CREDITS*"
+msgstr ""
+"<b>翻譯</b>:Lin Lee <a href=\"mailto:lin.cs09 (at) nctu (dot) edu (dot) 
tw\">&lt;"
+"lin.cs09 (at) nctu (dot) edu (dot) tw&gt;</a>, 2021. \n"
+"<b>校閱</b>:黃柏諺 <a href=\"mailto:s8321414 (at) gmail (dot) 
com\">&lt;"
+"s8321414 (at) gmail (dot) com&gt;</a>, 2021."
+
+#. timestamp start
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
+msgid "Updated:"
+msgstr "更新時間:"



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