Re: Once more: -static linking

[Gaius Mulley]

rudolf@muc.de writes:

> Hi Gaius,
>
> a few days ago I sent some 'example files' to you which show
> my 'static linking problem'. Did the files reach you or were
> you able to reproduce the problem?
>
>
> Thanks
>
> Rudolf

Hi Rudolf,

ah yes - many thanks!  I've just invesigated and it seems that there is
a missing -lm (in the gm2 driver - or that -lm needs to be repositioned
after all the m2 default libraries).  Ah actually I think that the -lm
should not be present on the command line.  For example:

$ gm2 -fiso -fsoft-check-all squash1.mod Ctv2.o unix.o -o squash1 -lc -lcrypt 
-lm -static
/usr/bin/ld: 
/home/gaius/opt/lib/gcc/x86_64-pc-linux-gnu/14.0.0/../../../../lib64/libm2iso.a(RealMath.o):
 in function `m2iso_RealMath_exp':
/home/gaius/GCC/gcc-read-write/build/x86_64-pc-linux-gnu/libgm2/libm2iso/../../../../libgm2/libm2iso/../../gcc/m2/gm2-libs-iso/RealMath.mod:41:
 undefined reference to `exp'
/usr/bin/ld: 
/home/gaius/opt/lib/gcc/x86_64-pc-linux-gnu/14.0.0/../../../../lib64/libm2iso.a(RealMath.o):
 in function `m2iso_RealMath_ln':
/home/gaius/GCC/gcc-read-write/build/x86_64-pc-linux-gnu/libgm2/libm2iso/../../../../libgm2/libm2iso/../../gcc/m2/gm2-libs-iso/RealMath.mod:47:
 undefined reference to `log'
/usr/bin/ld: 
/home/gaius/opt/lib/gcc/x86_64-pc-linux-gnu/14.0.0/../../../../lib64/libm2iso.a(RealMath.o):
 in function `m2iso_RealMath_sin':
/home/gaius/GCC/gcc-read-write/build/x86_64-pc-linux-gnu/libgm2/libm2iso/../../../../libgm2/libm2iso/../../gcc/m2/gm2-libs-iso/RealMath.mod:55:
 undefined reference to `sin'
/usr/bin/ld: 
/home/gaius/opt/lib/gcc/x86_64-pc-linux-gnu/14.0.0/../../../../lib64/libm2iso.a(RealMath.o):
 in function `m2iso_RealMath_cos':
/home/gaius/GCC/gcc-read-write/build/x86_64-pc-linux-gnu/libgm2/libm2iso/../../../../libgm2/libm2iso/../../gcc/m2/gm2-libs-iso/RealMath.mod:61:
 undefined reference to `cos'
/usr/bin/ld: 
/home/gaius/opt/lib/gcc/x86_64-pc-linux-gnu/14.0.0/../../../../lib64/libm2iso.a(RealMath.o):
 in function `m2iso_RealMath_tan':
/home/gaius/GCC/gcc-read-write/build/x86_64-pc-linux-gnu/libgm2/libm2iso/../../../../libgm2/libm2iso/../../gcc/m2/gm2-libs-iso/RealMath.mod:67:
 undefined reference to `tan'
/usr/bin/ld: 
/home/gaius/opt/lib/gcc/x86_64-pc-linux-gnu/14.0.0/../../../../lib64/libm2iso.a(RealMath.o):
 in function `m2iso_RealMath_arcsin':
/home/gaius/GCC/gcc-read-write/build/x86_64-pc-linux-gnu/libgm2/libm2iso/../../../../libgm2/libm2iso/../../gcc/m2/gm2-libs-iso/RealMath.mod:73:
 undefined reference to `asin'
/usr/bin/ld: 
/home/gaius/opt/lib/gcc/x86_64-pc-linux-gnu/14.0.0/../../../../lib64/libm2iso.a(RealMath.o):
 in function `m2iso_RealMath_arccos':
/home/gaius/GCC/gcc-read-write/build/x86_64-pc-linux-gnu/libgm2/libm2iso/../../../../libgm2/libm2iso/../../gcc/m2/gm2-libs-iso/RealMath.mod:79:
 undefined reference to `acos'
/usr/bin/ld: 
/home/gaius/opt/lib/gcc/x86_64-pc-linux-gnu/14.0.0/../../../../lib64/libm2iso.a(RealMath.o):
 in function `m2iso_RealMath_arctan':
/home/gaius/GCC/gcc-read-write/build/x86_64-pc-linux-gnu/libgm2/libm2iso/../../../../libgm2/libm2iso/../../gcc/m2/gm2-libs-iso/RealMath.mod:85:
 undefined reference to `atan'
/usr/bin/ld: 
/home/gaius/opt/lib/gcc/x86_64-pc-linux-gnu/14.0.0/../../../../lib64/libm2iso.a(RealMath.o):
 in function `m2iso_RealMath_power':
/home/gaius/GCC/gcc-read-write/build/x86_64-pc-linux-gnu/libgm2/libm2iso/../../../../libgm2/libm2iso/../../gcc/m2/gm2-libs-iso/RealMath.mod:91:
undefined reference to `pow'


The -lm will provoke gm2 to add the -lm library before the default
m2 libraries - resulting in the undefined references above.  If we run
the command line with:

$ gm2 -fiso -fsoft-check-all squash1.mod Ctv2.o unix.o -o squash1 -lc -lcrypt 
-lm -static -v

   ...

/home/gaius/opt/lib/gcc/x86_64-pc-linux-gnu/14.0.0/collect2 -plugin \
/home/gaius/opt/lib/gcc/x86_64-pc-linux-gnu/14.0.0/liblto_plugin.so \
-plugin-opt=/home/gaius/opt/lib/gcc/x86_64-pc-linux-gnu/14.0.0/lto-wrapper \
-plugin-opt=-fresolution=/tmp/ccgJ1kSh.res \
-plugin-opt=-pass-through=-lgcc -plugin-opt=-pass-through=-lgcc_eh \
-plugin-opt=-pass-through=-lc -m elf_x86_64 -static -o squash1 \
/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/crt1.o /lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/crti.o \
/home/gaius/opt/lib/gcc/x86_64-pc-linux-gnu/14.0.0/crtbeginT.o \
-L/home/gaius/opt/lib/gcc/x86_64-pc-linux-gnu/14.0.0 \
-L/home/gaius/opt/lib/gcc/x86_64-pc-linux-gnu/14.0.0/../../../../lib64 \
-L/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu -L/lib/../lib64 -L/usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu \
-L/usr/lib/../lib64 \
-L/home/gaius/opt/lib/gcc/x86_64-pc-linux-gnu/14.0.0/../../.. /tmp/ccZt6UtL.o \
Ctv2.o unix.o -lc -lcrypt -lm -lm2iso -lm2cor -lm2pim -lm2log -lstdc++ \
              ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
-lpthread --start-group -lgcc -lgcc_eh -lc --end-group \
/home/gaius/opt/lib/gcc/x86_64-pc-linux-gnu/14.0.0/crtend.o \
/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/crtn.o


the -lm is inserted prior to -lm2iso -lm2cor -lm2pim -lm2log and the
atan etc is unresolved.  If we omit the -lm then the gm2 driver adds -lm
as a default library (it always does this providing the host has a
-lm and it always places default libraries after user specified libraries).

$ gm2 -fiso -fsoft-check-all squash1.mod Ctv2.o unix.o -o squash1 -lc -lcrypt 
-static
$ file squash1
squash1: ELF 64-bit LSB executable, x86-64, version 1 (GNU/Linux),
statically linked, for GNU/Linux 3.2.0, with debug_info, not stripped

hope this helps - and sorry for the delay in replying,

regards,
Gaius