www/audio-video/subtitles rms-ted-talk.en.vtt r...

[Therese Godefroy]

CVSROOT:        /webcvs/www
Module name:    www
Changes by:     Therese Godefroy <th_g> 22/10/18 07:18:59

Added files:
        audio-video/subtitles: rms-ted-talk.en.vtt rms-ted-talk.es.vtt 
                               rms-ted-talk.fa.vtt rms-ted-talk.fr.vtt 
                               rms-ted-talk.pt-br.vtt 

Log message:
        Import vtt subtitles from audio-video.gnu.org. 

CVSWeb URLs:
http://web.cvs.savannah.gnu.org/viewcvs/www/audio-video/subtitles/rms-ted-talk.en.vtt?cvsroot=www&rev=1.1
http://web.cvs.savannah.gnu.org/viewcvs/www/audio-video/subtitles/rms-ted-talk.es.vtt?cvsroot=www&rev=1.1
http://web.cvs.savannah.gnu.org/viewcvs/www/audio-video/subtitles/rms-ted-talk.fa.vtt?cvsroot=www&rev=1.1
http://web.cvs.savannah.gnu.org/viewcvs/www/audio-video/subtitles/rms-ted-talk.fr.vtt?cvsroot=www&rev=1.1
http://web.cvs.savannah.gnu.org/viewcvs/www/audio-video/subtitles/rms-ted-talk.pt-br.vtt?cvsroot=www&rev=1.1

Patches:
Index: rms-ted-talk.en.vtt
===================================================================
RCS file: rms-ted-talk.en.vtt
diff -N rms-ted-talk.en.vtt
--- /dev/null   1 Jan 1970 00:00:00 -0000
+++ rms-ted-talk.en.vtt 18 Oct 2022 11:18:54 -0000      1.1
@@ -0,0 +1,1005 @@
+WEBVTT
+
+1
+00:00:01.810 --> 00:00:05.950
+
+2
+00:00:05.950 --> 00:00:12.700
+Free software
+
+3
+00:00:12.700 --> 00:00:17.539
+is the first battle in
+the liberation of cyberspace.
+
+4
+00:00:17.539 --> 00:00:21.199
+Who controls your computer? Is it you,
+
+5
+00:00:21.199 --> 00:00:24.920
+or is it some big company
+that's really controlling it?
+
+6
+00:00:24.920 --> 00:00:27.650
+Well, what is a computer?
+
+7
+00:00:27.650 --> 00:00:30.779
+A computer is a universal machine.
+
+8
+00:00:30.779 --> 00:00:34.850
+It will do any computation you want it to,
+
+9
+00:00:34.850 --> 00:00:39.890
+because you give it a program that says
+what the computation is that you want.
+
+10
+00:00:39.890 --> 00:00:43.850
+So the computer only knows
+how to get out an instruction and do it,
+
+11
+00:00:43.850 --> 00:00:48.469
+and get another instruction and do it.
+The program has the instructions.
+
+12
+00:00:48.469 --> 00:00:51.550
+It says what to do.
+
+13
+00:00:51.550 --> 00:00:54.940
+By writing the right program,
+you can make it do anything.
+
+14
+00:00:54.940 --> 00:01:00.559
+Well... almost anything. ;-)
+So who gives instructions to your computer?
+
+15
+00:01:00.559 --> 00:01:04.129
+You might think
+it's obeying your instructions,
+
+16
+00:01:04.129 --> 00:01:07.369
+when really
+it's obeying somebody else first,
+
+17
+00:01:07.369 --> 00:01:11.490
+and you, only as much as
+that company wants it to,
+
+18
+00:01:11.490 --> 00:01:16.390
+will let it listen to you.
+With software, there are two possibilities: 
+
+19
+00:01:16.390 --> 00:01:18.320
+either the users control the program,
+
+20
+00:01:18.320 --> 00:01:23.729
+or the program controls the users.
+It's inevitably one or the other.
+
+21
+00:01:23.729 --> 00:01:26.700
+So, in order for
+the users to control the program,
+
+22
+00:01:26.700 --> 00:01:31.439
+they need the four essential freedoms.
+
+23
+00:01:31.439 --> 00:01:37.030
+And that's the definition of free software.
+Free software respects the users' freedom
+
+24
+00:01:37.030 --> 00:01:38.110
+and community.
+
+25
+00:01:38.110 --> 00:01:43.210
+Now, we often call it “libre”,
+using the French or Spanish word.
+
+26
+00:01:43.210 --> 00:01:44.329
+Pronounce it as you  like.
+The point is, that's what we mean.
+
+27
+00:01:44.329 --> 00:01:48.590
+We don't mean it's gratis.
+We're not talking about price.
+
+28
+00:01:48.590 --> 00:01:53.979
+We're concerned with your freedom,
+and we sometimes say “free/libre”
+
+29
+00:01:53.979 --> 00:01:54.689
+to show that.
+
+30
+00:01:54.689 --> 00:01:59.430
+So, freedom zero is the freedom to run
+the program as you wish, for whatever purpose.
+
+31
+00:01:59.430 --> 00:02:04.520
+Freedom 1 is the freedom
+to study the source code
+
+32
+00:02:04.520 --> 00:02:05.270
+of the program,
+
+33
+00:02:05.270 --> 00:02:09.729
+and change it so it does
+the computing you want it to do.
+
+34
+00:02:09.729 --> 00:02:14.300
+But what is the source code? Well, every
+program typically will have two forms.
+
+35
+00:02:14.300 --> 00:02:17.410
+There's the form that you can read,
+
+36
+00:02:17.410 --> 00:02:21.580
+and you can understand if you know the
+programming language. That's the source.
+
+37
+00:02:21.580 --> 00:02:25.849
+That's what programmers write and change.
+Then, there's the executable, which is
+
+38
+00:02:25.849 --> 00:02:27.030
+a bunch of numbers,
+
+39
+00:02:27.030 --> 00:02:31.489
+which even a programmer can't figure out.
+If all you get is the executable,
+
+40
+00:02:31.489 --> 00:02:34.560
+it's a horrible pain in the neck
+to figure out what it does,
+
+41
+00:02:34.560 --> 00:02:40.120
+and even harder to change it.
+So, to give you the real possibility
+
+42
+00:02:40.120 --> 00:02:40.860
+to study and change it,
+
+43
+00:02:40.860 --> 00:02:44.160
+they've gotta give you the
+source code. That's a requirement.
+
+44
+00:02:44.160 --> 00:02:49.300
+Well, with those
+two freedoms, each user separately
+
+45
+00:02:49.300 --> 00:02:53.580
+can make a copy and start changing it,
+and make it do what she wants.
+
+46
+00:02:53.580 --> 00:02:57.040
+That's individual control.
+
+47
+00:02:57.040 --> 00:03:00.390
+But what if you are not a programmer?
+You look at the source code,
+
+48
+00:03:00.390 --> 00:03:01.409
+and you don't understand it.
+
+49
+00:03:01.409 --> 00:03:04.610
+So, individual control isn't enough.
+
+50
+00:03:04.610 --> 00:03:09.239
+We also need collective control,
+which means any group of users are free
+
+51
+00:03:09.239 --> 00:03:10.209
+to work together,
+
+52
+00:03:10.209 --> 00:03:13.519
+to adapt the program to
+do what they want. Of course,
+
+53
+00:03:13.519 --> 00:03:17.709
+in the group some are programmers.
+They're the ones who actually
+
+54
+00:03:17.709 --> 00:03:18.489
+write the changes.
+
+55
+00:03:18.489 --> 00:03:22.319
+But they're doing it as part of
+the group, for what the group wants.
+
+56
+00:03:22.319 --> 00:03:26.569
+Of course, the group doesn't have
+to be everybody, so others can use it
+
+57
+00:03:26.569 --> 00:03:29.890
+some other way.
+They're all free to do that.
+
+58
+00:03:29.890 --> 00:03:33.340
+Collective control requires
+two more essential freedoms:
+
+59
+00:03:33.340 --> 00:03:36.750
+Freedom two is the freedom
+to redistribute exact copies,
+
+60
+00:03:36.750 --> 00:03:40.909
+to make the copies and then give
+them away or sell them, when you wish.
+
+61
+00:03:40.909 --> 00:03:45.110
+And freedom three is similar, but it's
+for your modified versions.
+
+62
+00:03:45.110 --> 00:03:48.870
+You're free to make copies and give
+them or sell them, when you wish.
+
+63
+00:03:48.870 --> 00:03:53.209
+We do have these freedoms. When it's
+free software, the users control
+
+64
+00:03:53.209 --> 00:03:53.860
+the program.
+
+65
+00:03:53.860 --> 00:03:57.760
+But if any of those freedoms
+is missing, then the users
+
+66
+00:03:57.760 --> 00:04:02.230
+don't control the program.
+Instead, the program controls the users,
+
+67
+00:04:02.230 --> 00:04:05.540
+and the developer controls the program.
+
+68
+00:04:05.540 --> 00:04:08.769
+So, that means
+this program is an instrument
+
+69
+00:04:08.769 --> 00:04:12.629
+of unjust power for its developer
+
+70
+00:04:12.629 --> 00:04:17.479
+over the users. 
+That means the users don't have freedom.
+
+71
+00:04:17.479 --> 00:04:21.630
+That's nonfree proprietary software,
+which we've got to get rid of.
+
+72
+00:04:21.630 --> 00:04:25.210
+Well, when you've got
+proprietary software, what happens?
+
+73
+00:04:25.210 --> 00:04:29.100
+Sometimes the program snoops on the user.
+
+74
+00:04:29.100 --> 00:04:32.220
+Sometimes it tracks the user.
+
+75
+00:04:32.220 --> 00:04:36.870
+Sometimes it restricts the user,
+and stops users from doing
+
+76
+00:04:36.870 --> 00:04:41.380
+what they want to do. You can
+see that the Blu-ray is your enemy.
+
+77
+00:04:41.380 --> 00:04:46.110
+Sometimes, the software
+remotely deletes books,
+
+78
+00:04:46.110 --> 00:04:49.680
+as Amazon did with “1984”,
+
+79
+00:04:49.680 --> 00:04:53.199
+but sometimes the developer
+
+80
+00:04:53.199 --> 00:04:57.120
+compels users to install a harmful
+
+81
+00:04:57.120 --> 00:05:01.479
+upgrade by threatening to
+take away other functionality
+
+82
+00:05:01.479 --> 00:05:04.550
+if it's not installed, as Sony did.
+
+83
+00:05:04.550 --> 00:05:08.280
+And sometimes they can even
+forcibly change the software
+
+84
+00:05:08.280 --> 00:05:14.039
+at a distance, as Microsoft can with
+Windows through the universal backdoor.
+
+85
+00:05:14.039 --> 00:05:18.169
+Sometimes, they even sabotage users,
+
+86
+00:05:18.169 --> 00:05:21.350
+as Microsoft does when it tells the NSA
+
+87
+00:05:21.350 --> 00:05:26.470
+about bugs in Windows, so it can
+use them to attack people's computers.
+
+88
+00:05:26.470 --> 00:05:30.680
+Well, what you get is,
+basically: with proprietary software,
+
+89
+00:05:30.680 --> 00:05:33.800
+the owner has power over the users,
+
+90
+00:05:33.800 --> 00:05:37.740
+and takes advantage of
+this power putting in those various
+
+91
+00:05:37.740 --> 00:05:41.960
+malicious functionalities
+to hurt the users.
+
+92
+00:05:41.960 --> 00:05:45.860
+Of course, they don't do this because
+they're sadists. They're doing it
+
+93
+00:05:45.860 --> 00:05:47.699
+just for money, for greed.
+
+94
+00:05:47.699 --> 00:05:51.039
+They have various
+ways that they can profit
+
+95
+00:05:51.039 --> 00:05:54.199
+from having this power over users,
+
+96
+00:05:54.199 --> 00:05:57.210
+which does not make it
+even the tiniest bit less evil.
+
+97
+00:05:57.210 --> 00:06:00.229
+But they have no shame about it.
+
+98
+00:06:00.229 --> 00:06:04.490
+They have conferences where they
+talk about the latest ways they can
+
+99
+00:06:04.490 --> 00:06:06.180
+take advantage of users
+
+100
+00:06:06.180 --> 00:06:10.940
+through the power they have.
+Basically, proprietary software,
+
+101
+00:06:10.940 --> 00:06:16.650
+which is now — for almost all
+the uses of proprietary software —
+
+102
+00:06:16.650 --> 00:06:20.970
+proprietary malware,
+it's software for suckers.
+
+103
+00:06:20.970 --> 00:06:24.880
+So, how do you stop being a victim?
+
+104
+00:06:24.880 --> 00:06:28.910
+Formerly, you had to stop
+using computers, but not anymore.
+
+105
+00:06:28.910 --> 00:06:33.370
+Now, you can come join us in
+the free world that we've built.
+
+106
+00:06:33.370 --> 00:06:37.780
+In 1983, I announced I would develop
+
+107
+00:06:37.780 --> 00:06:41.810
+a completely free software
+operating system called GNU.
+
+108
+00:06:41.810 --> 00:06:45.370
+In 1992, we had it almost finished,
+
+109
+00:06:45.370 --> 00:06:50.449
+but one piece was missing,
+the kernel. Linus Torvalds in that year
+
+110
+00:06:50.449 --> 00:06:53.970
+freed his kernel Linux,
+which filled the last gap,
+
+111
+00:06:53.970 --> 00:06:57.900
+and gave us the first
+complete system you could run on a PC:
+
+112
+00:06:57.900 --> 00:07:00.050
+GNU plus Linux.
+
+113
+00:07:00.050 --> 00:07:06.220
+Unfortunately, having freedom at
+one more point doesn't guarantee
+
+114
+00:07:06.220 --> 00:07:07.490
+you'll keep it.
+
+115
+00:07:07.490 --> 00:07:10.569
+There are over a thousand
+different variants of GNU/Linux.
+
+116
+00:07:10.569 --> 00:07:14.229
+They're called distributions.
+A few of them
+
+117
+00:07:14.229 --> 00:07:19.120
+are entirely free software. Most
+of them have nonfree software added,
+
+118
+00:07:19.120 --> 00:07:22.789
+because they're maintained by people
+who aren't concerned about freedom.
+
+119
+00:07:22.789 --> 00:07:26.860
+They'd rather add
+convenience, but at the cost of freedom.
+
+120
+00:07:26.860 --> 00:07:30.910
+So, you have to check
+which is a free distro.
+
+121
+00:07:30.910 --> 00:07:35.720
+To keep your freedom sometimes requires
+a sacrifice; sometimes a big sacrifice
+
+122
+00:07:35.720 --> 00:07:39.500
+as at Lexington. Sometimes... but in
+
+123
+00:07:39.500 --> 00:07:43.930
+art campaign, they tend to be
+little sacrifices.
+
+124
+00:07:43.930 --> 00:07:48.310
+Anybody with a little bit of
+maturity can make these sacrifices.
+
+125
+00:07:48.310 --> 00:07:52.680
+For instance you want applications,
+but some of them are nonfree.
+
+126
+00:07:52.680 --> 00:07:56.389
+If you want freedom, you've got
+to do without them. So there may be
+
+127
+00:07:56.389 --> 00:08:01.410
+some inconveniences you have
+to suffer for your freedom sake.
+
+128
+00:08:01.410 --> 00:08:05.169
+Then many web sites send nonfree
+
+129
+00:08:05.169 --> 00:08:09.180
+programs written in
+JavaScript to the user's browser.
+
+130
+00:08:09.180 --> 00:08:12.300
+If you don't want to run
+nonfree programs, you should install
+
+131
+00:08:12.300 --> 00:08:17.460
+LibreJS, which blocks,
+keeps out nonfree JavaScript.
+
+132
+00:08:17.460 --> 00:08:22.449
+And sometimes servers will
+offer to do your computing. They say
+
+133
+00:08:22.449 --> 00:08:26.069
+“Send us all your data.”
+Obviously for suckers.
+
+134
+00:08:26.069 --> 00:08:30.150
+Then the server does the computing,
+and sends you back the results,
+
+135
+00:08:30.150 --> 00:08:34.529
+but you're not supposed to think about
+what's happening, cuz it's a... cloud,
+
+136
+00:08:34.529 --> 00:08:38.589
+and you don't see what's going on.
+Well, you should look.
+
+137
+00:08:38.589 --> 00:08:42.419
+It's software as as service,
+as a software substitute,
+
+138
+00:08:42.419 --> 00:08:45.899
+and it takes away control
+of your computing.
+
+139
+00:08:45.899 --> 00:08:51.680
+So, a large fraction of the world's
+web servers are running GNU slash Linux
+
+140
+00:08:51.680 --> 00:08:53.060
+and other free software,
+
+141
+00:08:53.060 --> 00:08:56.870
+but I think the most
+important computers to put freedom in
+
+142
+00:08:56.870 --> 00:09:00.810
+are your computers,
+not companies' web servers.
+
+143
+00:09:00.810 --> 00:09:05.950
+They deserve freedom also, but above
+all it's people that deserve freedom.
+
+144
+00:09:05.950 --> 00:09:10.330
+So, we need to advance. And to do that,
+
+145
+00:09:10.330 --> 00:09:13.390
+we have to cross obstacles.
+One of them is
+
+146
+00:09:13.390 --> 00:09:17.600
+there are big companies that make a lot
+of money by having control over users,
+
+147
+00:09:17.600 --> 00:09:20.870
+and they don't want to
+let us advance. We have to
+
+148
+00:09:20.870 --> 00:09:25.640
+overcome their opposition. Another
+is that the mainstream media don't
+
+149
+00:09:25.640 --> 00:09:27.220
+talk about free software.
+
+150
+00:09:27.220 --> 00:09:30.640
+They have a term that they use to bury
+
+151
+00:09:30.640 --> 00:09:33.870
+these ethical issues.
+They say “open source”
+
+152
+00:09:33.870 --> 00:09:39.370
+instead. Now, it talks about
+more or less the same programs,
+
+153
+00:09:39.370 --> 00:09:43.649
+but with different ideas.
+We, the free software activists, say
+
+154
+00:09:43.649 --> 00:09:48.040
+“This is a matter of right and wrong.
+Users deserve freedom. We demand freedom.”
+
+155
+00:09:48.040 --> 00:09:51.380
+The people who say “open source”,
+they don't want to say that. Instead,
+
+156
+00:09:51.380 --> 00:09:52.120
+they say:
+
+157
+00:09:52.120 --> 00:09:55.690
+“Let the users change
+the software and redistribute it,
+
+158
+00:09:55.690 --> 00:09:59.140
+and they'll make the code better.
+They'll fix some bugs.”
+
+159
+00:09:59.140 --> 00:10:03.300
+It may be true, but it's a less important
+issue. If we want to keep our freedom, we
+
+160
+00:10:03.300 --> 00:10:04.709
+gotta talk about freedom.
+
+161
+00:10:04.709 --> 00:10:08.310
+So, say “free software”,
+and you're helping us every time.
+
+162
+00:10:08.310 --> 00:10:12.630
+Another obstacle is that
+lots of schools teach nonfree software,
+
+163
+00:10:12.630 --> 00:10:16.230
+which is basically like
+teaching the kids to smoke tobacco.
+
+164
+00:10:16.230 --> 00:10:20.480
+It's implanting dependence, which is
+the opposite of what a school should do.
+
+165
+00:10:20.480 --> 00:10:24.579
+A school should prepare citizens to live
+
+166
+00:10:24.579 --> 00:10:29.329
+in a strong, capable,
+independent, cooperating
+
+167
+00:10:29.329 --> 00:10:33.399
+and free society, which means
+teaching free software
+
+168
+00:10:33.399 --> 00:10:37.420
+in school. But there's another reason
+to do that: for education.
+
+169
+00:10:37.420 --> 00:10:40.740
+Some kids want to become
+programmers. They're curious.
+
+170
+00:10:40.740 --> 00:10:44.480
+They wanna know how the programs work.
+Well the one studying free software
+
+171
+00:10:44.480 --> 00:10:45.579
+can understand it.
+
+172
+00:10:45.579 --> 00:10:49.339
+The one who is studying a
+nonfree program can't learn anything,
+
+173
+00:10:49.339 --> 00:10:53.180
+because the knowledge
+in the nonfree program
+
+174
+00:10:53.180 --> 00:10:56.440
+is withheld, denied to the students.
+
+175
+00:10:56.440 --> 00:11:00.570
+So, to uphold a spirit of education, the
+school should make sure its programs
+
+176
+00:11:00.570 --> 00:11:01.300
+are free.
+
+177
+00:11:01.300 --> 00:11:05.800
+But there's an even more important
+reason. Schools should teach the spirit
+
+178
+00:11:05.800 --> 00:11:07.160
+of goodwill,
+
+179
+00:11:07.160 --> 00:11:11.050
+the habit of helping other
+people. So the class should say:
+
+180
+00:11:11.050 --> 00:11:15.790
+“If you bring a program to class,
+just as if you bring cookies to class,
+
+181
+00:11:15.790 --> 00:11:19.440
+you gotta share it with everyone else.
+You can't keep it to yourself.
+
+182
+00:11:19.440 --> 00:11:23.660
+You got to share the source code
+so other people can learn.
+
+183
+00:11:23.660 --> 00:11:27.089
+So, don't bring any
+proprietary software to this class.”
+
+184
+00:11:27.089 --> 00:11:31.880
+The school has to set a good
+example by following its own rule.
+
+185
+00:11:31.880 --> 00:11:35.350
+It should bring only
+free software to class, except
+
+186
+00:11:35.350 --> 00:11:39.279
+as a reverse engineering exercise.
+
+187
+00:11:39.279 --> 00:11:44.579
+Another obstacle is there's hardware we
+don't know how to write free software for,
+
+188
+00:11:44.579 --> 00:11:48.490
+because they won't tell us
+how to use the hardware. That's shocking.
+
+189
+00:11:48.490 --> 00:11:52.260
+They want to sell you the product,
+and they won't tell you how to use it.
+
+190
+00:11:52.260 --> 00:11:55.760
+They say: “Here's a
+nonfree program you can use.
+
+191
+00:11:55.760 --> 00:11:59.260
+Run it, and shut up. Don't bother us.”
+
+192
+00:11:59.260 --> 00:12:03.880
+Well, how do we find out how to run
+their hardware? With reverse engineering,
+
+193
+00:12:03.880 --> 00:12:07.589
+you gotta study all those
+zeros and ones to figure out
+
+194
+00:12:07.589 --> 00:12:11.350
+what they really do, and
+write down how to use that hardware,
+
+195
+00:12:11.350 --> 00:12:14.370
+so someone else can
+write a free program to do it.
+
+196
+00:12:14.370 --> 00:12:19.250
+It's hard work, but it can be done. If
+you wanna make a big technical contribution,
+
+197
+00:12:19.250 --> 00:12:23.079
+that's what you should do. Each new area
+
+198
+00:12:23.079 --> 00:12:27.380
+or activity of life
+can bring with it new human rights
+
+199
+00:12:27.380 --> 00:12:31.220
+that are necessary, and
+the human rights depend on each other.
+
+200
+00:12:31.220 --> 00:12:35.440
+If you lose one, it becomes
+harder to maintain the others.
+
+201
+00:12:35.440 --> 00:12:39.750
+So, nowadays computing
+is so important in society
+
+202
+00:12:39.750 --> 00:12:44.040
+that the freedoms of free
+software are among the human rights
+
+203
+00:12:44.040 --> 00:12:47.100
+that society must establish and protect.
+
+204
+00:12:47.100 --> 00:12:51.649
+Thus... how to help?
+Well, you can write free software.
+
+205
+00:12:51.649 --> 00:12:54.930
+You can organize groups to campaign, and
+
+206
+00:12:54.930 --> 00:12:58.149
+persuade schools and governments
+to move to free software.
+
+207
+00:12:58.149 --> 00:13:01.709
+You can help other people when
+they have trouble using free software,
+
+208
+00:13:01.709 --> 00:13:06.300
+or help them install it.
+You can say “free software”, and spread
+
+209
+00:13:06.300 --> 00:13:08.399
+the philosophical ideas.
+
+210
+00:13:08.399 --> 00:13:13.230
+Moving to free software is the first
+step in the liberation of cyberspace.
+
+211
+00:13:13.230 --> 00:13:17.000
+But of course, we also use the internet.
+We need other freedoms there,
+
+212
+00:13:17.000 --> 00:13:20.660
+like network neutrality, and
+putting an end
+
+213
+00:13:20.660 --> 00:13:25.320
+to surveillance of people in general.
+

Index: rms-ted-talk.es.vtt
===================================================================
RCS file: rms-ted-talk.es.vtt
diff -N rms-ted-talk.es.vtt
--- /dev/null   1 Jan 1970 00:00:00 -0000
+++ rms-ted-talk.es.vtt 18 Oct 2022 11:18:57 -0000      1.1
@@ -0,0 +1,1136 @@
+WEBVTT
+
+1
+00:00:00.000 --> 00:00:07.000
+Traductor: Fr Javier Colmenar Expósito
+Revisor: Lidia Cámara de la Fuente
+Modificado 15/04/2021: Javier Sepulveda
+Supervisado 21/04/2021: Richard Matthew Stallman
+Agradecimientos: PicaPica HackLab
+
+2
+00:00:11.123 --> 00:00:15.141
+El software libre es la primera batalla
+
+3
+00:00:15.141 --> 00:00:18.162
+en la liberación del ciberespacio.
+
+4
+00:00:18.163 --> 00:00:20.223
+¿Quién controla tu computadora?
+
+5
+00:00:20.245 --> 00:00:25.678
+¿Eres tú o es alguna gran compañía,
+quién realmente la está controlando?
+
+6
+00:00:25.774 --> 00:00:27.786
+Bueno, ¿Qué es una computadora?
+
+7
+00:00:27.790 --> 00:00:31.858
+Una computadora es
+una máquina universal.
+
+8
+00:00:31.873 --> 00:00:35.125
+Hará cualquier computación que tú pidas
+
+9
+00:00:35.125 --> 00:00:37.405
+porque le diste un programa que dice
+
+10
+00:00:37.439 --> 00:00:40.167
+que computación es la que le pides ejecutar.
+
+11
+00:00:40.179 --> 00:00:43.982
+Entonces, la computadora solo sabe
+como recibir una instrucción y ejecutarla,
+
+12
+00:00:43.998 --> 00:00:46.358
+recibir otra instrucción y ejecutarla.
+
+13
+00:00:46.358 --> 00:00:50.557
+El programa tiene las instrucciones
+que dicen qué hacer.
+
+14
+00:00:50.612 --> 00:00:55.252
+Encontes, escribiendo el programa adecuado,
+puedes conseguir que haga cualquier cosa.
+
+15
+00:00:55.252 --> 00:00:57.665
+Bueno, casi cualquier cosa.
+
+16
+00:00:57.670 --> 00:01:00.698
+Entonces, ¿Quién da las instrucciones a
+tu computadora?
+
+17
+00:01:00.728 --> 00:01:04.327
+Puedes pensar que obedece tus instrucciones
+
+18
+00:01:04.355 --> 00:01:07.495
+cuando realmente está obedeciendo
+a alguien más antes,
+
+19
+00:01:07.552 --> 00:01:13.953
+y tú solo puedes ser escuchado hasta
+donde la compañía te permita.
+
+20
+00:01:13.992 --> 00:01:16.049
+Con el software,
+hay dos posibilidades:
+
+21
+00:01:16.093 --> 00:01:21.491
+O bien los usuarios controlan
+o el programa controla a los usuarios.
+
+22
+00:01:21.492 --> 00:01:23.842
+Es inevitablemente una u otra.
+
+23
+00:01:23.893 --> 00:01:27.092
+Así, para que los usuarios puedan controlar
+el programa,
+
+24
+00:01:27.133 --> 00:01:30.920
+ellos necesitan las
+4 libertades esenciales.
+
+25
+00:01:30.920 --> 00:01:34.404
+Estas hacen la definición de software libre.
+
+26
+00:01:34.435 --> 00:01:38.355
+El software libre es el software que respeta la libertad
+de los usuarios y de la comunidad.
+
+27
+00:01:38.367 --> 00:01:42.394
+Frecuentemente los llamamos "Libre"
+utilizando la palabra Francesa o Española.
+
+28
+00:01:42.408 --> 00:01:45.716
+Pronunciado como quieran,
+la cuestión es qué es lo que significa.
+
+29
+00:01:45.734 --> 00:01:48.798
+No queremos decir que es gratis,
+no hablamos sobre el precio.
+
+30
+00:01:48.799 --> 00:01:51.038
+Estamos preocupados por la libertad,
+
+31
+00:01:51.045 --> 00:01:55.554
+y a veces decimos
+"Free/Libre" para demostrarlo.
+
+32
+00:01:55.575 --> 00:01:58.476
+La libertad número 0
+es la de utilizar el programa
+
+33
+00:01:58.500 --> 00:02:01.239
+como quieras
+para cualquier propósito.
+
+34
+00:02:01.239 --> 00:02:05.357
+La libertad número 1 es la libertad de estudiar
+el código fuente del programa
+
+35
+00:02:05.377 --> 00:02:09.717
+y cambiarlo, para que haga la computación que tú quieras que haga.
+
+36
+00:02:09.738 --> 00:02:11.449
+Pero, ¿qué es el código fuente?
+
+37
+00:02:11.465 --> 00:02:14.576
+Bueno, normalmente cada programa típicamente
+tendrá dos formas.
+
+38
+00:02:14.639 --> 00:02:18.390
+Hay una forma que puedes leer y entender
+
+39
+00:02:18.406 --> 00:02:20.485
+si conoces el lenguaje de programación.
+
+40
+00:02:20.527 --> 00:02:21.929
+Ese es el código fuente.
+
+41
+00:02:21.949 --> 00:02:24.321
+Es lo que los programadores
+escriben y modifican.
+
+42
+00:02:24.342 --> 00:02:27.222
+Luego, hay un ejecutable, que es
+un montón de números
+
+43
+00:02:27.222 --> 00:02:29.583
+que incluso un programador
+no puede entender.
+
+44
+00:02:29.602 --> 00:02:31.583
+Si todo lo que tienes es el ejecutable,
+
+45
+00:02:31.594 --> 00:02:34.982
+podría ser un horroroso dolor de cabeza
+imaginarse qué es lo que hace,
+
+46
+00:02:34.995 --> 00:02:36.866
+e incluso más difícil de cambiar.
+
+47
+00:02:36.879 --> 00:02:41.069
+Por lo que para tener la posibilidad real
+de estudiarlo y cambiarlo,
+
+48
+00:02:41.069 --> 00:02:42.941
+tienen que darte el código fuente.
+
+49
+00:02:42.958 --> 00:02:44.621
+Es un requisito.
+
+50
+00:02:44.629 --> 00:02:47.453
+Con estas dos libertades,
+
+51
+00:02:47.464 --> 00:02:50.301
+cada usuario separadamente puede hacer una copia,
+
+52
+00:02:50.321 --> 00:02:54.091
+y empezar a cambiarla y
+hacer que haga lo que ella quiere.
+
+53
+00:02:54.105 --> 00:02:56.746
+Eso es control individual.
+
+54
+00:02:56.754 --> 00:02:58.914
+Pero, ¿qué ocurre si no eres programador?
+
+55
+00:02:58.922 --> 00:03:01.703
+Cuando miras el código fuente y
+no puedes entenderlo.
+
+56
+00:03:01.743 --> 00:03:04.783
+El control individual no es suficiente.
+
+57
+00:03:04.795 --> 00:03:06.962
+También necesitamos el control colectivo,
+
+58
+00:03:06.975 --> 00:03:10.363
+lo que significa que cualquier grupo
+de usuarios es libre de trabajar juntos
+
+59
+00:03:10.373 --> 00:03:12.914
+para adaptar el programa a lo que ellos quieran.
+
+60
+00:03:12.929 --> 00:03:16.026
+Por supuesto, en el grupo algunos de ellos
+serán programadores.
+
+61
+00:03:16.049 --> 00:03:18.721
+Ellos son quienes realmente
+escriben los cambios,
+
+62
+00:03:18.722 --> 00:03:20.839
+pero lo hacen como parte del grupo
+
+63
+00:03:20.859 --> 00:03:22.608
+para lo que el grupo quiere.
+
+64
+00:03:22.622 --> 00:03:25.388
+Por supuesto, el grupo no tiene
+por que ser todo el mundo.
+
+65
+00:03:25.409 --> 00:03:27.586
+Otros pueden usarlo de otra forma.
+
+66
+00:03:27.587 --> 00:03:30.131
+Todos son libres para hacer eso.
+
+67
+00:03:30.141 --> 00:03:33.501
+El control colectivo requiere dos
+libertades esenciales más.
+
+68
+00:03:33.505 --> 00:03:36.976
+La libertad número 2
+es la de redistribuir copias exactas,
+
+69
+00:03:36.976 --> 00:03:38.927
+hacer copias y regalarlas
+
+70
+00:03:38.946 --> 00:03:41.026
+o venderlas cuando deseen.
+
+71
+00:03:41.059 --> 00:03:43.012
+La libertad número 3 es similar,
+
+72
+00:03:43.035 --> 00:03:45.276
+pero es para tus versiones modificadas.
+
+73
+00:03:45.300 --> 00:03:49.172
+Puedes hacer copias y darlas
+o venderlas cuando desees.
+
+74
+00:03:49.240 --> 00:03:52.202
+Si realmente tienes estas libertades,
+enonces el software es libre,
+
+75
+00:03:52.216 --> 00:03:54.093
+los usuarios controlan el programa.
+
+76
+00:03:54.130 --> 00:03:56.785
+Pero si alguna de estas libertades falta,
+
+77
+00:03:56.819 --> 00:03:59.537
+entonces los usuarios no controlan
+al programa.
+
+78
+00:03:59.538 --> 00:04:05.580
+En lugar de esto, el programa los controla
+a ellos y el desarrollador controla el programa.
+
+79
+00:04:05.594 --> 00:04:10.632
+Entonces esto significa que este programa es
+un instrumento de poder injusto
+
+80
+00:04:10.680 --> 00:04:14.539
+del desarrollador sobre los usuarios.
+
+81
+00:04:14.563 --> 00:04:17.500
+Eso significa que los usuarios
+no tienen libertad,
+
+82
+00:04:17.560 --> 00:04:21.797
+eso no es libre, sino software privativo y tenemos que
+deshacernos de él.
+
+83
+00:04:21.826 --> 00:04:25.262
+Bueno, cuando tienes software privativo
+¿que pasa?
+
+84
+00:04:25.274 --> 00:04:29.102
+A veces el programa fisgonea al usuario.
+
+85
+00:04:29.154 --> 00:04:32.219
+A veces rastrea al usuario.
+
+86
+00:04:32.282 --> 00:04:35.235
+A veces rastrea al usuario,
+
+87
+00:04:35.261 --> 00:04:38.178
+A veces restringe al usuario e impide a los usuarios hacer
+lo que ellos quieren hacer.
+
+88
+00:04:38.194 --> 00:04:41.297
+Pueden ver como el rayo azul es su enemigo.
+
+89
+00:04:41.315 --> 00:04:42.347
+(Risas)
+
+90
+00:04:42.365 --> 00:04:45.994
+A veces el software borra remotamente libros
+
+91
+00:04:46.027 --> 00:04:49.115
+tal y como Amazon hizo con
+"1984"
+
+92
+00:04:49.139 --> 00:04:54.764
+A veces el desarrollador obliga a los usuarios
+
+93
+00:04:54.848 --> 00:04:58.405
+a instalar una actualización perjudicial,
+
+94
+00:04:58.421 --> 00:05:01.529
+amenazando con eliminar alguna
+otra funcionalidad
+
+95
+00:05:01.555 --> 00:05:04.668
+si no se instala, como lo hizo
+Sony.
+
+96
+00:05:04.690 --> 00:05:09.443
+Pueden incluso cambiar por la fuerza
+el software a distancia
+
+97
+00:05:09.445 --> 00:05:14.631
+como Microsoft puede hace con  Windows
+mediante la puerta trasera universal.
+
+98
+00:05:14.678 --> 00:05:18.175
+Incluso pueden sabotear a los usuarios,
+
+99
+00:05:18.216 --> 00:05:23.370
+como Microsoft hace, cuando le dice a
+la NSA sobre fallos en Windows,
+
+100
+00:05:23.394 --> 00:05:26.673
+para  que puedan usarlos para
+atacar las computadoras de la gente.
+
+101
+00:05:26.691 --> 00:05:30.751
+Bueno esto es básicamente lo que tienes,
+con el software privativo,
+
+102
+00:05:30.771 --> 00:05:33.795
+el dueño tiene el poder sobre
+los usuarios,
+
+103
+00:05:33.807 --> 00:05:36.034
+y se aprovecha de este poder,
+
+104
+00:05:36.060 --> 00:05:39.906
+poniendo estas funcionalidades maliciosas
+
+105
+00:05:39.915 --> 00:05:41.937
+para perjudicar a los usuarios.
+
+106
+00:05:41.951 --> 00:05:44.916
+Por supuesto que no lo hacen
+porque sean sádicos;
+
+107
+00:05:44.940 --> 00:05:47.719
+lo hacen únicamente por dinero,
+por avaricia.
+
+108
+00:05:47.738 --> 00:05:51.111
+Ellos tienen varias formas de sacar provecho
+
+109
+00:05:51.132 --> 00:05:53.759
+por tener este poder sobre los usuarios,
+
+110
+00:05:53.794 --> 00:05:58.355
+lo cual no disminuye lo malévolo de su conducta.
+
+111
+00:05:58.375 --> 00:06:00.253
+Ellos no se avergüenzan por esto.
+
+112
+00:06:00.260 --> 00:06:04.010
+Ellos hacen conferencias donde
+hablan sobre las últimas formas
+
+113
+00:06:04.031 --> 00:06:08.374
+de cómo aprovecharse del usuario
+a través del poder que tienen.
+
+114
+00:06:08.397 --> 00:06:11.077
+Básicamente, el software privativo,
+
+115
+00:06:11.104 --> 00:06:15.823
+para casi todos los usuarios del software privativo,
+
+116
+00:06:15.841 --> 00:06:18.595
+están usando malware privativo.
+
+117
+00:06:18.613 --> 00:06:21.020
+Es "software para tontos".
+
+118
+00:06:21.048 --> 00:06:24.812
+¿Cómo dejar de ser una víctima?
+
+119
+00:06:24.859 --> 00:06:28.931
+Antiguamente tenías que dejar de usar
+computadoras, pero ya no.
+
+120
+00:06:28.948 --> 00:06:34.265
+Ahora, puedes unirte a nosotros en
+el mundo libre que hemos creado.
+
+121
+00:06:34.290 --> 00:06:38.120
+En 1983, anuncié que desarrollaría
+
+122
+00:06:38.172 --> 00:06:41.821
+un sistema operativo totalmente libre
+llamado GNU.
+
+123
+00:06:41.838 --> 00:06:45.415
+En 1992, lo teníamos casi terminado,
+
+124
+00:06:45.439 --> 00:06:48.179
+pero faltaba una pieza, el núcleo [kernel].
+
+125
+00:06:48.200 --> 00:06:52.546
+Linus Torvalds, en aquel año, liberó
+su núcleo Linux,
+
+126
+00:06:52.580 --> 00:06:55.188
+el cual rellenó el último hueco,
+y nos dió
+
+127
+00:06:55.195 --> 00:07:00.045
+el primer sistema operativo completo
+para arrancar en un PC: GNU/Linux.
+
+128
+00:07:00.079 --> 00:07:07.403
+Desafortunadamente, tener libertad
+en un punto, no garantiza que puedas mantenerla.
+
+129
+00:07:07.415 --> 00:07:11.408
+Hay más de mil de variantes
+diferentes de GNU/Linux.
+
+130
+00:07:11.430 --> 00:07:13.418
+Que se llaman distribuciones.
+
+131
+00:07:13.439 --> 00:07:16.279
+Algunas son enteramente software libre;
+
+132
+00:07:16.279 --> 00:07:18.959
+la mayoría de ellas contienen software no-libre añadido,
+
+133
+00:07:18.959 --> 00:07:22.584
+porque son mantenidas por personas
+que no están preocupadas por la libertad.
+
+134
+00:07:22.600 --> 00:07:26.860
+Prefieren añadir comodidad
+a costa de la libertad.
+
+135
+00:07:26.879 --> 00:07:30.969
+Por eso tienes que comprobar
+que es una distribución es libre.
+
+136
+00:07:30.984 --> 00:07:33.753
+Mantener tu libertad a veces requiere
+un sacrificio,
+
+137
+00:07:33.762 --> 00:07:37.728
+a veces un gran sacrificio, como
+en Lexington.
+
+138
+00:07:37.760 --> 00:07:43.959
+Pero en nuestra campaña tienden a ser
+pequeños sacrificios.
+
+139
+00:07:43.977 --> 00:07:48.337
+Cualquier persona con un poco de madurez
+puede hacer estos pequeños sacrificios.
+
+140
+00:07:48.364 --> 00:07:52.681
+Por ejemplo,tú quieres aplicaciones pero
+algunas no son libres.
+
+141
+00:07:52.699 --> 00:07:55.398
+Si quieres libertad, tienes
+que hacerlo sin ellas.
+
+142
+00:07:55.411 --> 00:07:58.063
+Puede haber algunos inconvenientes
+
+143
+00:07:58.079 --> 00:08:01.324
+a sufrir por el bien de tu libertad.
+
+144
+00:08:01.354 --> 00:08:05.851
+Muchas páginas Web mandan programas no-libres,
+
+145
+00:08:05.861 --> 00:08:09.174
+escritos en JavaScript al navegador del usuario.
+
+146
+00:08:09.191 --> 00:08:11.422
+Si no quieres ejecutar
+un programa no-libre,
+
+147
+00:08:11.438 --> 00:08:13.878
+tu debes instalar LibreJS
+
+148
+00:08:13.900 --> 00:08:17.571
+que bloquea, y evita
+el JavaScript no-libre.
+
+149
+00:08:17.595 --> 00:08:21.902
+Y a veces, los servidores
+te ofrecerán realizar tu computación.
+
+150
+00:08:21.916 --> 00:08:24.254
+Dicen, "Envíanos toda tu información."
+
+151
+00:08:24.269 --> 00:08:26.099
+Obviamente, para tontos.
+
+152
+00:08:26.129 --> 00:08:30.211
+El servidor hace la computación y te
+devuelve los resultados.
+
+153
+00:08:30.225 --> 00:08:32.866
+Supuestamente no deberías pensar
+sobre que lo que pasa,
+
+154
+00:08:32.895 --> 00:08:37.537
+porque es una "nube", y no puedes
+ver lo que ocurre.
+
+155
+00:08:37.554 --> 00:08:39.188
+Pues deberías mirar.
+
+156
+00:08:39.198 --> 00:08:42.486
+Se ofrece como un servicio como sustituto
+del software,
+
+157
+00:08:42.510 --> 00:08:47.303
+y te quita el control de tu computación.
+
+158
+00:08:47.331 --> 00:08:50.037
+Una gran parte de los
+servidores del mundo
+
+159
+00:08:50.079 --> 00:08:53.139
+se ejecutan sobre GNU/Linux
+y otro software libre.
+
+160
+00:08:53.145 --> 00:08:56.984
+Pero, creo que los ordenadores
+mas importantes donde establecer la libertad
+
+161
+00:08:57.012 --> 00:09:00.768
+son vuestros ordenadores, y no los servidores web de empresas.
+
+162
+00:09:00.792 --> 00:09:02.612
+Ellos merecen ser libres también.
+
+163
+00:09:02.620 --> 00:09:05.943
+Pero por encima de todo es la gente
+la que merece libertad.
+
+164
+00:09:05.957 --> 00:09:08.879
+Necesitamos avanzar,
+
+165
+00:09:08.879 --> 00:09:12.294
+y para ello, tenemos
+que cruzar obstáculos.
+
+166
+00:09:12.325 --> 00:09:14.547
+Uno de ellos es, que hay grandes compañías
+
+167
+00:09:14.550 --> 00:09:17.641
+que ganan mucho dinero teniendo
+el control sobre los usuarios.
+
+168
+00:09:17.663 --> 00:09:19.875
+Y estas no quieren dejarnos avanzar.
+
+169
+00:09:19.890 --> 00:09:22.850
+Tenemos que vencer su oposición.
+
+170
+00:09:22.880 --> 00:09:27.280
+Otra es que los medios de comunicación
+principales no hablan del software libre.
+
+171
+00:09:27.295 --> 00:09:32.359
+Ellos tienen un término, que usan para
+enterrar estas cuestiones éticas.
+
+172
+00:09:32.386 --> 00:09:35.238
+Lo llaman  en cambio "Open Source" o "código abierto".
+
+173
+00:09:35.266 --> 00:09:39.459
+Ahora, hablamos de más o menos de
+los mismos programas,
+
+174
+00:09:39.477 --> 00:09:41.396
+pero con diferentes ideas.
+
+175
+00:09:41.415 --> 00:09:43.655
+Donde los activistas del
+software libre dicen,
+
+176
+00:09:43.668 --> 00:09:45.587
+"Es una cuestión de lo correcto y
+lo incorrecto.
+
+177
+00:09:45.601 --> 00:09:47.857
+Los usuarios merecen libertad,
+nosotros exigimos libertad."
+
+178
+00:09:47.873 --> 00:09:50.757
+La gente que habla de Open Source o código abierto,
+no quieren decir esto.
+
+179
+00:09:50.776 --> 00:09:52.176
+En cambio, dicen,
+
+180
+00:09:52.190 --> 00:09:55.778
+"Dejen que los usuarios cambien
+el software y lo redistribuyan
+
+181
+00:09:55.842 --> 00:09:57.629
+y que así mejoren el código.
+
+182
+00:09:57.650 --> 00:09:58.909
+Y corregirán muchos fallos."
+
+183
+00:10:00.168 --> 00:10:01.427
+Quizás sea verdad, pero
+es un tema menos importante.
+
+184
+00:10:01.438 --> 00:10:04.709
+Si queremos mantener nuestra libertad,
+tenemos que hablar de la libertad.
+
+185
+00:10:04.725 --> 00:10:08.327
+Digan "software libre", y así
+nos ayudarán cada vez.
+
+186
+00:10:08.360 --> 00:10:12.688
+Otro obstáculo es que muchas escuelas
+enseñan software no-libre,
+
+187
+00:10:12.700 --> 00:10:16.242
+que básicamente es como enseñar
+a los niños a fumar tabaco.
+
+188
+00:10:16.251 --> 00:10:18.226
+Es implantar la dependencia,
+
+189
+00:10:18.241 --> 00:10:20.560
+lo cual es lo opuesto a lo que las escuelas
+deberían hacer.
+
+190
+00:10:20.567 --> 00:10:24.571
+La escuela debería preparar a
+los ciudadanos para vivir
+
+191
+00:10:24.583 --> 00:10:30.903
+en una sociedad fuerte, capaz,
+independiente, cooperativa y libre
+
+192
+00:10:30.914 --> 00:10:34.553
+lo cual significa, enseñar software libre
+en las escuelas.
+
+193
+00:10:34.573 --> 00:10:37.466
+Pero hay otra razón para hacer esto
+en la educación.
+
+194
+00:10:37.483 --> 00:10:40.776
+Algunos niños quieren convertirse
+en programadores, ellos son curiosos.
+
+195
+00:10:40.779 --> 00:10:42.662
+Quieren saber cómo funciona
+el programa.
+
+196
+00:10:42.671 --> 00:10:45.671
+Cuando alguien que estudia software libre
+puede comprenderlo,
+
+197
+00:10:45.696 --> 00:10:49.432
+el que estudia un programa no-libre
+no puede aprender nada,
+
+198
+00:10:49.440 --> 00:10:53.194
+porque el conocimiento en
+el programa no-libre
+
+199
+00:10:53.226 --> 00:10:56.493
+es retenido y negado a los estudiantes.
+
+200
+00:10:56.513 --> 00:10:58.827
+Para mantener el espíritu de la educación,
+
+201
+00:10:58.840 --> 00:11:01.385
+la escuela debería asegurarse de
+que sus programas son libres.
+
+202
+00:11:01.398 --> 00:11:04.284
+Pero aún hay una razón, incluso más importante:
+
+203
+00:11:04.300 --> 00:11:07.170
+Las escuelas deberían enseñar el espíritu
+de la buena voluntad,
+
+204
+00:11:07.187 --> 00:11:09.329
+el hábito de ayudar a otros.
+
+205
+00:11:09.339 --> 00:11:11.120
+La clase debería decir,
+
+206
+00:11:11.138 --> 00:11:13.443
+Si traes un programa a clase,
+
+207
+00:11:13.455 --> 00:11:15.838
+es como si trajeras galletas a clase,
+
+208
+00:11:15.853 --> 00:11:17.873
+tienes que compartirlas con todos.
+
+209
+00:11:17.886 --> 00:11:19.563
+No puedes guardártelas para ti solo.
+
+210
+00:11:19.576 --> 00:11:23.689
+Tienes que compartir el código fuente,
+para que otros puedan aprender.
+
+211
+00:11:23.712 --> 00:11:27.090
+Así que no traigas ningún
+software privativo a esta clase.
+
+212
+00:11:27.100 --> 00:11:31.899
+La escuela tiene que dar un buen ejemplo
+siguiendo sus propias normas:
+
+213
+00:11:31.905 --> 00:11:34.562
+Deberías traer únicamente
+software libre a esta clase,
+
+214
+00:11:34.603 --> 00:11:39.291
+excepto si es un ejercicio
+de ingeniería inversa.
+
+215
+00:11:39.314 --> 00:11:41.924
+Otro obstáculo es que hay hardware
+
+216
+00:11:41.944 --> 00:11:44.681
+para el cual no sabemos cómo
+escribir el código,
+
+217
+00:11:44.707 --> 00:11:47.467
+porque tampoco nos cuentan cómo
+usar dicho hardware.
+
+218
+00:11:47.487 --> 00:11:50.202
+Es sorprendente que quieran
+venderte el producto
+
+219
+00:11:50.215 --> 00:11:52.295
+y no te digan cómo usarlo.
+
+220
+00:11:52.307 --> 00:11:55.781
+Dicen, "Aquí tienes un programa
+no-libre para utilizarlo.
+
+221
+00:11:55.793 --> 00:11:59.248
+Ejecútalo y calla.
+No nos molestes."
+
+222
+00:11:59.302 --> 00:12:03.905
+¿Cómo se puede averiguar cómo funciona
+ese hardware con ingeniería inversa?
+
+223
+00:12:03.918 --> 00:12:08.559
+Tienes que estudiar todos esos ceros
+y uno para imaginarte qué hacen,
+
+224
+00:12:08.589 --> 00:12:11.390
+y anotar cómo utilizar el hardware,
+
+225
+00:12:11.410 --> 00:12:14.379
+para que alguien pueda escribir
+el programa libre que lo haga.
+
+226
+00:12:14.390 --> 00:12:16.693
+Es un trabajo duro pero puede hacerse.
+
+227
+00:12:16.708 --> 00:12:19.282
+Si quieres hacer una
+gran contribución técnica,
+
+228
+00:12:19.301 --> 00:12:21.247
+eso es lo que deberías hacer.
+
+229
+00:12:21.275 --> 00:12:24.659
+Cada nueva área, actividad de la vida,
+
+230
+00:12:24.696 --> 00:12:28.867
+puede traer consigo nuevos derechos
+humanos que son necesarios.
+
+231
+00:12:28.885 --> 00:12:31.302
+Los derechos humanos dependen
+unos de los otros.
+
+232
+00:12:31.316 --> 00:12:32.769
+Si pierdes uno,
+
+233
+00:12:32.780 --> 00:12:35.550
+se hace difícil mantener los otros.
+
+234
+00:12:35.571 --> 00:12:39.773
+Por eso, hoy en día la informática
+es tan importante para la sociedad
+
+235
+00:12:39.794 --> 00:12:44.059
+que las libertades del software libre
+se encuentran entre los derechos humanos
+
+236
+00:12:44.075 --> 00:12:47.177
+que la sociedad debe establecer y proteger.
+
+237
+00:12:47.178 --> 00:12:49.637
+Así, ¿Cómo ayudar?
+
+238
+00:12:49.656 --> 00:12:51.677
+Puedes escribir software libre,
+
+239
+00:12:51.692 --> 00:12:54.469
+organizar grupos en una campaña
+
+240
+00:12:54.478 --> 00:12:58.157
+y persuadir a las escuelas y gobiernos
+para adoptar el software libre.
+
+241
+00:12:58.175 --> 00:13:01.798
+Puedes ayudar a otra gente cuando
+tienen problemas usando software libre,
+
+242
+00:13:01.815 --> 00:13:03.687
+o incluso ayudarles a instalarlo.
+
+243
+00:13:03.696 --> 00:13:08.375
+Puedes decir, "software libre,"
+y difundir la idea filosófica.
+
+244
+00:13:08.399 --> 00:13:13.279
+Cambiarse al software libre es el primer
+paso de la liberación del ciberespacio,
+
+245
+00:13:13.294 --> 00:13:15.408
+pero por supuesto, necesitamos Internet.
+
+246
+00:13:15.421 --> 00:13:17.031
+Necesitamos otras libertades allí,
+
+247
+00:13:17.060 --> 00:13:20.729
+como la neutralidad de la red,
+y poner fin a
+
+248
+00:13:20.751 --> 00:13:24.478
+la vigilancia masiva de las personas en general.
+
+249
+00:13:24.839 --> 00:13:27.295
+(Aplausos)
+

Index: rms-ted-talk.fa.vtt
===================================================================
RCS file: rms-ted-talk.fa.vtt
diff -N rms-ted-talk.fa.vtt
--- /dev/null   1 Jan 1970 00:00:00 -0000
+++ rms-ted-talk.fa.vtt 18 Oct 2022 11:18:58 -0000      1.1
@@ -0,0 +1,1080 @@
+WEBVTT
+
+1
+00:00:11.123 --> 00:00:15.141
+نرم افزار آزاد اولین نبرد 
+
+2
+00:00:15.141 --> 00:00:18.162
+در آزادسازی فضای مجازی است.
+
+3
+00:00:18.163 --> 00:00:20.223
+چه کسی رایانه‌ی شما را کنترل می‌کند؟
+
+4
+00:00:20.245 --> 00:00:25.678
+این شما هستید و یا برخی شرکت‌های بزرگ که
+رایانه‌ی شما را کنترل می‌کنند؟
+
+5
+00:00:25.774 --> 00:00:27.786
+رایانه چیست؟
+
+6
+00:00:27.790 --> 00:00:31.858
+رایانه‌ی یک ابزار عمومی است.
+
+7
+00:00:31.873 --> 00:00:35.125
+هر محاسبه‌ای که شما بخواهید را انجام م
ی‌دهد
+
+8
+00:00:35.125 --> 00:00:37.405
+چون شما برنامه‌ای را به آن داده‌اید که م
ی‌گوید
+
+9
+00:00:37.439 --> 00:00:40.167
+شما چه محاسباتی را نیاز دارید.
+
+10
+00:00:40.179 --> 00:00:43.982
+رایانه فقط می‌داند که یک دستور را
+چگونه دریافت و اجرا کند،
+
+11
+00:00:43.998 --> 00:00:46.358
+و دستور دیگری را دریافت و اجرا کند.
+
+12
+00:00:46.358 --> 00:00:50.557
+برنامه‌ها دستوراتی دارند که می‌گویند
+رایانه چکار کند.
+
+13
+00:00:50.612 --> 00:00:55.252
+با نوشتن یک برنامه‌ی درست،
+شما می‌تونید هر کاری را انجام دهید.
+
+14
+00:00:55.252 --> 00:00:57.665
+خوب تقریباً هر کاری.
+
+15
+00:00:57.670 --> 00:01:00.698
+چه کسی دستورات را به رایانه‌ی شما می‌دهد؟
+
+16
+00:01:00.728 --> 00:01:04.327
+ممکن است شما فکر کنید که از شما اطاعت م
ی‌کند،
+
+17
+00:01:04.355 --> 00:01:07.495
+زمانی که واقعاً از کس دیگری پیروی می‌کند
+
+18
+00:01:07.552 --> 00:01:13.953
+و از شما فقط به اندازه‌ای که شرکتش
+به آن اجازه داده است پیروی می‌کند.
+
+19
+00:01:13.992 --> 00:01:16.049
+با وجود نرم‌افزارها ۲ امکان وجود دارد:
+
+20
+00:01:16.093 --> 00:01:21.491
+اینکه کاربران برنامه‌ها را کنترل کنند 
+و یا برنامه‌ها کاربران را کنترل کنند.
+
+21
+00:01:21.492 --> 00:01:23.842
+یکی از این دو حالت اجتناب ناپذیر است.
+
+22
+00:01:23.893 --> 00:01:27.092
+در حالتی که کاربران برنامه را کنترل م
ی‌کنند،
+
+23
+00:01:27.133 --> 00:01:30.920
+به چهار آزادی اساسی احتیاج دارند.
+
+24
+00:01:30.920 --> 00:01:34.404
+این تعریف نرم‌افزار آزاد است.
+
+25
+00:01:34.435 --> 00:01:38.355
+نرم‌افزار آزاد به آزادی کاربران و جامعه 
احترام می‌گذارد.
+
+26
+00:01:38.367 --> 00:01:42.394
+امروزه، ما آن را اغلب اوقات « لیبره» که
+یک کلمه‌ی فرانسوی و یا اسپانیایی است، م
ی‌نامیم.
+
+27
+00:01:42.408 --> 00:01:45.716
+هر چه می‌خواهید صدایش کنید،
+مهم مفهوم صحبت ماست.
+
+28
+00:01:45.734 --> 00:01:48.798
+منظور ما مجانی نیست،
+ما صحبتی از قیمت نمی‌کنیم.
+
+29
+00:01:48.799 --> 00:01:51.038
+ما نگران آزادی شما هستیم،
+
+30
+00:01:51.045 --> 00:01:55.554
+و به همین دلیل گاهی از واژه‌های «Free/Libre» 
+استفاده می‌کنیم تا این موضوع را نشان دهیم.
+
+31
+00:01:55.575 --> 00:01:58.476
+آزادی شماره‌ی صفر، آزادی در اجرای برنامه 
است،
+
+32
+00:01:58.500 --> 00:02:01.239
+به طریقی که شما دوست دارید و برای هر موضوعی.
+
+33
+00:02:01.239 --> 00:02:05.357
+آزادی شماره‌ی یک، آزادی در خواندن کد منبع 
برنامه است،
+
+34
+00:02:05.377 --> 00:02:09.717
+و این که آن را تغییر بدهید، به گونه‌ای که
+محاسبات مورد نظر شما را انجام دهد.
+
+35
+00:02:09.738 --> 00:02:11.449
+اما کد منبع چیست؟
+
+36
+00:02:11.465 --> 00:02:14.576
+هر برنامه‌ای معمولاً دو شکل دارد.
+
+37
+00:02:14.639 --> 00:02:18.390
+نوعی که شما می‌توانید بخوانید و بفهمید،
+
+38
+00:02:18.406 --> 00:02:20.485
+اگر با زبان‌های برنامه نویسی آشنا باشید.
+
+39
+00:02:20.527 --> 00:02:21.929
+این کد منبع است.
+
+40
+00:02:21.949 --> 00:02:24.321
+این فرمی است که برنامه نویسان
+می‌نویسند و تغییر می‌دهند.
+
+41
+00:02:24.342 --> 00:02:27.222
+همچنین فرم دیگری وجود دارد که قابل اجراست
+و از دسته‌ای از اعداد تشکیل شده است،
+
+42
+00:02:27.222 --> 00:02:29.583
+که برنامه نویسان نمی‌توانند درک کنند.
+
+43
+00:02:29.602 --> 00:02:31.583
+اگر فقط فرم قابل اجرا را داشته باشید،
+
+44
+00:02:31.594 --> 00:02:34.982
+کار بسیار سختی است که بفهمید چگونه کار م
ی‌کند،
+
+45
+00:02:34.995 --> 00:02:36.866
+و حتی سخت‌تر است که تغییرش دهید.
+
+46
+00:02:36.879 --> 00:02:41.069
+پس، برای این که به شما امکان خواندن و تغییر 
آن را بدهند
+
+47
+00:02:41.069 --> 00:02:42.941
+باید کد منبع را به شما بدهند.
+
+48
+00:02:42.958 --> 00:02:44.621
+این یک الزام است.
+
+49
+00:02:44.629 --> 00:02:47.453
+با این دو آزادی،
+
+50
+00:02:47.464 --> 00:02:50.301
+هر کاربر می‌تواند به طور جداگانه یک کپی 
داشته باشد
+
+51
+00:02:50.321 --> 00:02:54.091
+وتغییرش دهد بگونه‌ای که هر کاری که او 
خواست انجام شود.
+
+52
+00:02:54.105 --> 00:02:56.746
+این کنترل فردی است.
+
+53
+00:02:56.754 --> 00:02:58.914
+اما اگر شما یک برنامه نویس نباشید چه؟
+
+54
+00:02:58.922 --> 00:03:01.703
+شما به کد منبع نگاه می‌کنید
+ولی چیزی از آن متوجه نمی‌شوید.
+
+55
+00:03:01.743 --> 00:03:04.783
+کنترل فردی کافی نیست.
+
+56
+00:03:04.795 --> 00:03:06.962
+ما همچنین به کنترل عمومی نیاز داریم.
+
+57
+00:03:06.975 --> 00:03:10.363
+که معنی آن این است که هر گروه از
+کابران آزاد باشند که باهم کار کنند
+
+58
+00:03:10.373 --> 00:03:12.914
+تا برنامه بگونه‌ای تنظیم شود که آنها م
ی‌خواهند.
+
+59
+00:03:12.929 --> 00:03:16.026
+البته برخی از اعضای گروه برنامه‌نویس 
هستند.
+
+60
+00:03:16.049 --> 00:03:18.721
+آنها کسانی هستند که عملاً می‌نویسند و 
تغییر می دهند.
+
+61
+00:03:18.722 --> 00:03:20.839
+اما آنها آن کار را در قالب یک گروه انجام می 
دهند،
+
+62
+00:03:20.859 --> 00:03:22.608
+برای چیزی که گروه نیاز دارد.
+
+63
+00:03:22.622 --> 00:03:25.388
+البته گروه نباید از همه‌ی مردم تشکیل شده 
باشد.
+
+64
+00:03:25.409 --> 00:03:27.586
+دیگران می‌توانند از طریق دیگری از آن 
استفاده کنند.
+
+65
+00:03:27.587 --> 00:03:30.131
+همه‌ی آنها آزادند که از آن استفاده کنند.
+
+66
+00:03:30.141 --> 00:03:33.501
+کنترل عمومی به دو آزادی خاص دیگر هم نیاز 
دارد.
+
+67
+00:03:33.505 --> 00:03:36.976
+آزادی دوم، آزادی در باز توزیع کپی‌های دقیق 
است،
+
+68
+00:03:36.976 --> 00:03:38.927
+تا شما کپی‌هایی تهیه کنید و آن‌ها را به 
دیگران بدهید.
+
+69
+00:03:38.946 --> 00:03:41.026
+و هر زمان که خواستید آنها را بفروشید.
+
+70
+00:03:41.059 --> 00:03:43.012
+آزادی سوم مانند قبلی است،
+
+71
+00:03:43.035 --> 00:03:45.276
+اما برای نسخه‌ی تغییر یافته‌ی شماست.
+
+72
+00:03:45.300 --> 00:03:49.172
+شما آزادید که نسخه‌هایی تهیه کنید 
+و آن‌ها را به دیگران بدهیدد و یا بفروشید.
+
+73
+00:03:49.240 --> 00:03:52.202
+اگر شما این آزادی‌ها را دارید،
+پس این یک نرم‌افزار آزاد است،
+
+74
+00:03:52.216 --> 00:03:54.093
+و کاربران برنامه‌ها را کنترل می‌کند.
+
+75
+00:03:54.130 --> 00:03:56.785
+اما اگر یکی از این آزادی‌ها نباشد،
+
+76
+00:03:56.819 --> 00:03:59.537
+کاربران برنامه‌ها را کنترل نمی‌کنند.
+
+77
+00:03:59.538 --> 00:04:05.580
+برنامه‌ها کاربران را کنترل می‌کنند 
+و توسعه دهندگان برنامه‌ها را.
+
+78
+00:04:05.594 --> 00:04:10.632
+بنابرابن، برنامه یک ابزار قدرت 
ناعادلانه‌ای می‌شود
+
+79
+00:04:10.680 --> 00:04:14.539
+برای توسعه دهندگان، علیه کابران.
+
+80
+00:04:14.563 --> 00:04:17.500
+و این به این معناست که کاربران آزادی ندارند.
+
+81
+00:04:17.560 --> 00:04:21.797
+این نرم‌افزار غیرآزاد و انحصاری است
+که ما باید از شر آن خلاص شویم.
+
+82
+00:04:21.826 --> 00:04:25.262
+وقتی شما یک نرم‌افزار انحصاری می‌گیرید، 
چه اتفاقی میافتد؟
+
+83
+00:04:25.274 --> 00:04:29.102
+گاهی اوقات، برنامه‌ها از کاربران جاسوس م
ی‌کنند.
+
+84
+00:04:29.154 --> 00:04:32.219
+گاهی اوقات، فعالیت‌های کاربران را رهگیری م
ی‌کنند.
+
+85
+00:04:32.282 --> 00:04:35.235
+گاهی اوقات، کاربران را محدود می‌کنند،
+
+86
+00:04:35.261 --> 00:04:38.178
+و نمی‌گذارنند کابران کاری را که م
ی‌خواهند، انجام دهند.
+
+87
+00:04:38.194 --> 00:04:41.297
+شما می‌توانید ببینید که بلورِی دشمن شماست.
+
+88
+00:04:41.315 --> 00:04:42.347
+[خندیدن]
+
+89
+00:04:42.365 --> 00:04:45.994
+گاهی اوقات، نرم‌افزار‌ها کتاب‌ها را پاک م
ی‌کنند،
+
+90
+00:04:46.027 --> 00:04:49.115
+همان کاری که آمازون با کتاب «۱۹۸۴» انجام 
داد.
+
+91
+00:04:49.139 --> 00:04:54.764
+گاهی اوقات، توسعه دهندگان کاربران را مجبور 
می‌کنند
+
+92
+00:04:54.848 --> 00:04:58.405
+تا بروزرسانی‌های مُضری را نصب نمایند،
+
+93
+00:04:58.421 --> 00:05:01.529
+این کار را با تهدید به از کار انداختن
+یک قابلیت انجام می‌دهند.
+
+94
+00:05:01.555 --> 00:05:04.668
+مثل کاری که Sony انجام داد.
+
+95
+00:05:04.690 --> 00:05:09.443
+گاهی اوقات، آنها در یک فاصله،
+نرم‌افزار را تغییر می‌دهند، حتی به زور!
+
+96
+00:05:09.445 --> 00:05:14.631
+مثل کاری که مایکروسافت توسط 
+در‌های پشتی فراگیر ویندوز انجام می‌دهد.
+
+97
+00:05:14.678 --> 00:05:18.175
+گاهی اوقات، آن‌ها حتی دست به 
+خرابکاری علیه کاربران می‌زنند
+
+98
+00:05:18.216 --> 00:05:23.370
+مثل وقتی که مایکروسافت اطلاعاتی
+در مورد باگ‌های ویندوز به NSA داد،
+
+99
+00:05:23.394 --> 00:05:26.673
+پس، آن‌ها می‌توانند به رایانه‌ی افراد حم
له کنند.
+
+100
+00:05:26.691 --> 00:05:30.751
+چیزی که شما با نرم‌افزار انحصاری بدست م
ی‌آورید،
+
+101
+00:05:30.771 --> 00:05:33.795
+اساساً قدرت مالک بر کاربران است،
+
+102
+00:05:33.807 --> 00:05:36.034
+و از نتایج این قدرت،
+
+103
+00:05:36.060 --> 00:05:39.906
+قرار دادن آن ویژگی‌های مخرب در برنامه است،
+
+104
+00:05:39.915 --> 00:05:41.937
+تا به کاربر آسیب برساند.
+
+105
+00:05:41.951 --> 00:05:44.916
+البته آن‌ها این کار را به علت
+ دیگرآزاری انجام نمی دهند؛
+
+106
+00:05:44.940 --> 00:05:47.719
+آن‌ها این کار را فقط برای پول
+ و طمع ورزی انجام می‌دهند.
+
+107
+00:05:47.738 --> 00:05:51.111
+آن‌ها راه‌های مختلفی دارند تا
+
+108
+00:05:51.132 --> 00:05:53.759
+از داشتن این قدرت علیه کاربران،
+ سود بدست بی‌آورند.
+
+109
+00:05:53.794 --> 00:05:58.355
+که حتی کمتر از یک ذره‌ی کوچک از شیطان 
نیستند.
+
+110
+00:05:58.375 --> 00:06:00.253
+اما آن‌ها هیچ شرمی از این کار ندارند.
+
+111
+00:06:00.260 --> 00:06:04.010
+آن‌ها گردهمایی‌هایی دارند تا
+ در مورد آخرین روش‌هایی که
+
+112
+00:06:04.031 --> 00:06:08.374
+می‌توانند از این قدرت علیه کاربران
+ استفاده کنند، صحبت کنند.
+
+113
+00:06:08.397 --> 00:06:11.077
+اساساً، نرم‌افزار انحصاری،
+
+114
+00:06:11.104 --> 00:06:15.823
+که امروزه تقریباً برای اکثر
+ کاربران آن صادق است، 
+
+115
+00:06:15.841 --> 00:06:18.595
+بد افزار انحصاری است.
+
+116
+00:06:18.613 --> 00:06:21.020
+این «نرم‌افزار ساده لوح‌هاست »
+
+117
+00:06:21.048 --> 00:06:24.812
+چگونه شما از اینکه قربانی باشید جلوگیری 
کنید؟
+
+118
+00:06:24.859 --> 00:06:28.931
+سابق بر این، شما مجبور بودید که دیگر از 
رایانه
+ استفاده نکنید، ولی امروزه این طور نیست.
+
+119
+00:06:28.948 --> 00:06:34.265
+امروزه، شما می‌توانید به ما بپیوندید،
+ در دنیای آزادی که ما ساخته‌ایم.
+
+120
+00:06:34.290 --> 00:06:38.120
+در سال ۱۹۸۳ من اطلاع رسانی کردم که
+
+121
+00:06:38.172 --> 00:06:41.821
+در حال توسعه‌ی یک سیستم‌عامل
+کاملاً آزاد به نام GNU گنو هستم
+
+122
+00:06:41.838 --> 00:06:45.415
+در سال ۱۹۹۲ ما تقریباً تمامش کرده بودیم.
+
+123
+00:06:45.439 --> 00:06:48.179
+اما یک قطعه از آن باقی مانده بود،
+ هسته‌ی سیستم‌عامل.
+
+124
+00:06:48.200 --> 00:06:52.546
+لینوس ترووالدز در آن سال کرنل
+ خود را به صورت آزاد منتشر کرد،
+
+125
+00:06:52.580 --> 00:06:55.188
+که آخرین جای خلی را پر کرد
+
+126
+00:06:55.195 --> 00:07:00.045
+و اولین سیستم‌عامل آزادی را که شما م
ی‌توانید روی
+رایانه‌ی خود اجرا کنید، به ما داد: 
گنو/لینوکس.
+
+127
+00:07:00.079 --> 00:07:07.403
+متاسفانه، داشتن آزادی در یک نقطه، 
+ضمانتی بر داشتن آن در آینده نیست.
+
+128
+00:07:07.415 --> 00:07:11.408
+بیش از هزار شاخه از گنو/لینوکس وجود دارد.
+
+129
+00:07:11.430 --> 00:07:13.418
+به آن‌ها «توزیع‌»‌ها گفته می‌شود.
+
+130
+00:07:13.439 --> 00:07:16.279
+تعداد کمی از آن‌ها کاملاً آزاد هستند؛
+
+131
+00:07:16.279 --> 00:07:18.959
+بیشتر آنها حاوی نرم‌افزارهای غیر آزاد 
هستند،
+
+132
+00:07:18.959 --> 00:07:22.584
+بخاطر اینکه توسط افرادی توسعه داده
+ می شوند که نگران آزادی نیستند.
+
+133
+00:07:22.600 --> 00:07:26.860
+راحتی را اضافه کرده‌اند، اما به قیمت آزادی.
+
+134
+00:07:26.879 --> 00:07:30.969
+بنا براین، شما باید کنترل کنید
+ که کدام توزیع آزاد است.
+
+135
+00:07:30.984 --> 00:07:33.753
+گاهی اوقات، برای حفظ آزادی خود نیاز به 
فداکاری دارید،
+
+136
+00:07:33.762 --> 00:07:37.728
+گاهی یک فداکاری بزرگ، مثلاً در Lexington.
+
+137
+00:07:37.760 --> 00:07:43.959
+اما در کمپین ما،
+نیاز به کمی فداکاری است.
+
+138
+00:07:43.977 --> 00:07:48.337
+هر شخص نسبتاً با کمالاتی می‌تواند 
+این فداکاری کوچک را انجام دهد.
+
+139
+00:07:48.364 --> 00:07:52.681
+به عنوان مثال، شما به تعدای نرم افزار 
+نیاز دارید که برخی از آن‌ها غیر آزاد هستند.
+
+140
+00:07:52.699 --> 00:07:55.398
+   اگر شما آزادی می‌خواهید،
+باید بدون این نرم‌افزار ها سر کنید.
+
+141
+00:07:55.411 --> 00:07:58.063
+در این حالت دردسر‌هایی وجود دارد
+
+142
+00:07:58.079 --> 00:08:01.324
+که شما برای آزادی خود متحمل می‌شوید.
+
+143
+00:08:01.354 --> 00:08:05.851
+خیلی از وب سایت‌ها برنامه‌های غیر آزادی را
+
+144
+00:08:05.861 --> 00:08:09.174
+که به زبان جاوا-اسکریپت نوشته شده‌اند،
+ به مرورگر کاربر می‌فرستند.
+
+145
+00:08:09.191 --> 00:08:11.422
+اگر شما نمی‌خواهید برنامه‌ی غیر آزاد اجرا 
کنید،
+
+146
+00:08:11.438 --> 00:08:13.878
+شما باید LibreJS را نصب کنید
+
+147
+00:08:13.900 --> 00:08:17.571
+که جاوا اسکریپت غیر آزاد را دور می‌کند.
+
+148
+00:08:17.595 --> 00:08:21.902
+گاهی اوقات، سرور‌ها پیشنهاد می‌کنند
+ که محاسبات شما را انجام دهند.
+
+149
+00:08:21.916 --> 00:08:24.254
+آن‌ها می‌گویند: «همه‌ی اطلاعات خود را 
برای ما بفرست.»
+
+150
+00:08:24.269 --> 00:08:26.099
+بدیهی است، برای ساده لوحان.
+
+151
+00:08:26.129 --> 00:08:30.211
+بعد، سرور محاسبات را انجام می‌دهد 
+و نتایج را برای شما می‌فرستد.
+
+152
+00:08:30.225 --> 00:08:32.866
+اما شما هیچ تصوری از اینکه 
+چه اتفاقی رخ می‌دهد ندارید،
+
+153
+00:08:32.895 --> 00:08:37.537
+زیرا که این یک «ابر» (cloud) است 
+و شما چیزی نمی‌بینید.
+
+154
+00:08:37.554 --> 00:08:39.188
+شما باید نگاه کنید.
+
+155
+00:08:39.198 --> 00:08:42.486
+این یک خدمت است به عنوان جایگزین نرم
‌افزار،
+
+156
+00:08:42.510 --> 00:08:47.303
+و کنترل شما را از محاسباتتان بر می‌دارد.
+
+157
+00:08:47.331 --> 00:08:50.037
+بخش بزرگی از وب سرور‌های دنیا 
+
+158
+00:08:50.079 --> 00:08:53.139
+گنو/لینوکس و دیگر نرم افزارهای آزاد
+ را اجرا می‌کنند.
+
+159
+00:08:53.145 --> 00:08:56.984
+اما من فکر می‌کنم مهم‌ترین رایانه‌هایی
+ که باید آزادی در آن باشد
+
+160
+00:08:57.012 --> 00:09:00.768
+رایانه‌ی شماست، نه وب سرور‌های کمپانی‌ها.
+
+161
+00:09:00.792 --> 00:09:02.612
+آن‌ها هم لیاقت آزادی را دارند،
+
+162
+00:09:02.620 --> 00:09:05.943
+اما بالاتر از آن‌ها مردم هستند
+ که لیاقت آزادی دارند.
+
+163
+00:09:05.957 --> 00:09:08.879
+پس ما نیاز به پیشروی داریم،
+
+164
+00:09:08.879 --> 00:09:12.294
+و برای رسیدن به آن،
+نیاز داریم تا موانع را از سر راه برداریم.
+
+165
+00:09:12.325 --> 00:09:14.547
+یکی از آن‌ها کمپانی‌های بزرگ هستند
+
+166
+00:09:14.550 --> 00:09:17.641
+که پول زیادی بوسیله‌ی کنترل کردن
+ کاربران بدست می‌آورند.
+
+167
+00:09:17.663 --> 00:09:19.875
+آن‌ها نمی‌خواهند به ما اجازه‌ی پیشروی 
بدهند.
+
+168
+00:09:19.890 --> 00:09:22.850
+ما باید بر جبهه‌ی آن‌ها غلبه کنیم.
+
+169
+00:09:22.880 --> 00:09:27.280
+یکی دیگر از موانع این است که رسانه‌های اصلی
+ در مورد نرم‌افزار آزاد صحبت نمی کنند.
+
+170
+00:09:27.295 --> 00:09:32.359
+آن‌ها از عبارت دیگری استفاده می‌کنند
+ تا این موضوع اخلاقی را دفن کنند.
+
+171
+00:09:32.386 --> 00:09:35.238
+می‌گویند «متن باز» (open source)
+
+172
+00:09:35.266 --> 00:09:39.459
+آن‌ها کم و بیش در مورد یک سری
+ از برنامه‌ها صحبت می‌کنند.
+
+173
+00:09:39.477 --> 00:09:41.396
+اما با دیدگاه متفاوتی.
+
+174
+00:09:41.415 --> 00:09:43.655
+فعّالان نرم‌افزار آزاد می‌گویند،
+
+175
+00:09:43.668 --> 00:09:45.587
+«این یک موضوع حق و باطل است،
+
+176
+00:09:45.601 --> 00:09:47.857
+کاربران مستحق آزادی هستند.
+ما طالب آزادی هستیم.»
+
+177
+00:09:47.873 --> 00:09:50.757
+افرادی که می‌گویند متن باز،
+نمی‌خواهند این حرف را بزنند.
+
+178
+00:09:50.776 --> 00:09:52.176
+در عوض،آن‌ها می‌گویند،
+
+179
+00:09:52.190 --> 00:09:55.778
+« اجازه بدهید کاربران نرم‌افزار‌ها
+ را تغییر و باز نشر دهند،
+
+180
+00:09:55.842 --> 00:09:57.629
+آن‌ها کد‌ها را بهتر خواهند کرد.
+
+181
+00:09:57.650 --> 00:09:59.161
+آن‌ها اشکال‌ها را برطرف می‌کنند.»
+
+182
+00:09:59.170 --> 00:10:01.427
+این ممکن است درست با شد، ولی این موضوع کم 
اهمیت‌تری است.
+
+183
+00:10:01.438 --> 00:10:04.709
+اگر ما می‌خواهیم آزادی شما را حفظ کنیم،
+ باید راجع به آزادی صحبت کنیم.
+
+184
+00:10:04.725 --> 00:10:08.327
+پس بگویید، «نرم‌افزار آزاد» و
+ هر بار به ما کمک کنید.
+
+185
+00:10:08.360 --> 00:10:12.688
+مشکل دیگر این است که بیشتر مدارس
+نرم‌افزار‌های غیر آزاد را درس می‌دهند.
+
+186
+00:10:12.700 --> 00:10:16.242
+مانند این می‌ماند که به کودکان
+ یاد بدهیم تنباکو بکشند.
+
+187
+00:10:16.251 --> 00:10:18.226
+این یک وابستگی القاء شده است،
+
+188
+00:10:18.241 --> 00:10:20.560
+که بر عکس کاری است که مدارس باید انجام دهند.
+189
+00:10:20.567 --> 00:10:24.571
+مدارس باید شهروندان را آماده کنند تا 
+
+190
+00:10:24.583 --> 00:10:30.903
+تا در یک همبستگی قوی، مستعد و مستقل 
+و در جامعه‌ای آزاد زندگی کنند،
+
+191
+00:10:30.914 --> 00:10:34.553
+که معنی آن این است که مدارس باید 
+نرم‌افزار‌های آزاد را تدریس کنند.
+
+192
+00:10:34.573 --> 00:10:37.466
+اما دلیل دیگری هم برای
+ این کار وجود دارد.
+
+193
+00:10:37.483 --> 00:10:40.776
+بعضی از بچه‌ها دوست دارند برنامه نویس شوند.
+آن‌ها کنجکاوند.
+
+194
+00:10:40.779 --> 00:10:42.662
+آن‌ها دوست دارند که بدانند 
+برنامه‌ها چجوری کار می‌کنند.
+
+195
+00:10:42.671 --> 00:10:45.671
+زمانی که کسی یک برنامه‌ی آزاد
+را مطالعه می کند، آن را می‌فهمد،
+
+196
+00:10:45.696 --> 00:10:49.432
+کسی که یک برنامه‌ی غیر آزاد را 
+مطالعه می کند، چیزی یاد نمی‌گیرد،
+
+197
+00:10:49.440 --> 00:10:53.194
+زیرا که دانش در برنامه‌های غیر آزاد
+
+198
+00:10:53.226 --> 00:10:56.493
+از دانش آموزان منع شده است.
+
+199
+00:10:56.513 --> 00:10:58.827
+پس برای حمایت کردن از روح آموزش،
+
+200
+00:10:58.840 --> 00:11:01.385
+مدرسه باید از آزاد بودن 
+نرم‌افزار اطمینان حاصل کند.
+
+201
+00:11:01.398 --> 00:11:04.284
+اما یک دلیل مهم‌تر هم وجود داد:
+
+202
+00:11:04.300 --> 00:11:07.170
+مدارس باید روح کار نیک را هم آموزش دهند،
+
+203
+00:11:07.187 --> 00:11:09.329
+خوی کمک کردن به دیگران.
+
+204
+00:11:09.339 --> 00:11:11.120
+کلاس باید بگوید:
+
+205
+00:11:11.138 --> 00:11:13.443
+« وقتی شما یک برنامه به کلاس آوردید،
+
+206
+00:11:13.455 --> 00:11:15.838
+مثل زمانی است که شما کلوچه‌هایی را به کلاس 
اوردید،
+
+207
+00:11:15.853 --> 00:11:17.873
+باید اون رو با دیگران شریک بشید.
+
+208
+00:11:17.886 --> 00:11:19.563
+شما نمی‌توانید اون رو برای خودتون 
نگهدارید.
+
+209
+00:11:19.576 --> 00:11:23.689
+شما باید کد منبع رو به اشتراک 
+بگذارید تا دیگران آن را یاد بگیرند.
+
+210
+00:11:23.712 --> 00:11:27.090
+پس هیچ نرم‌افزار انحصاری را به کلاس 
نیاورید.»
+
+211
+00:11:27.100 --> 00:11:31.899
+مدارس باید مثال‌های خوبی باشند، 
+بوسیله‌ی قوانینی که خود برقرار می کنند:
+
+212
+00:11:31.905 --> 00:11:34.562
+« شما باید فقط نرم افزار آزاد به کلاس 
بیاورید،
+
+213
+00:11:34.603 --> 00:11:39.291
+بجز تمرین مهندسی معکوس.»
+
+214
+00:11:39.314 --> 00:11:41.924
+مانع دیگر سخت‌افزار است،
+
+215
+00:11:41.944 --> 00:11:44.681
+ما نمی‌دانیم که چگونه‌ باید
+برای آن‌ها نرم‌افزار بنویسیم،
+
+216
+00:11:44.707 --> 00:11:47.467
+چرا که به ما نمی‌گویند 
+سخت‌افزار چگونه کار می کند.
+
+217
+00:11:47.487 --> 00:11:50.202
+این منزجر کننده است،
+آن‌ها می‌خواهند محصولشان را به شما 
بفروشند،
+
+218
+00:11:50.215 --> 00:11:52.295
+و به شما نمی‌گویند که چگونه کار می کند.
+
+219
+00:11:52.307 --> 00:11:55.781
+می گویند: «اینجا یک نرم‌افزار
+ غیر آزاد وجود دارد
+
+220
+00:11:55.793 --> 00:11:59.248
+اجرایش کن و خفه شو.
+مزاحم ما نشو.»
+
+221
+00:11:59.302 --> 00:12:03.905
+ما چگونه می‌توانیم بفهمیم که از سخت‌افزار 
+چگونه باید استفاده کرد؟ با مهندسی معکوس.
+
+222
+00:12:03.918 --> 00:12:08.559
+شما باید تمام آن صفر و یک‌ها را مطالعه کرده
+و پی ببرید که آن‌ها واقعاً چگونه کار می 
کنند.
+
+223
+00:12:08.589 --> 00:12:11.390
+و بنویسید که این سخت‌افزار چگونه کار می 
کند.
+
+224
+00:12:11.410 --> 00:12:14.379
+پس یک شخص دیگر می‌تواند برنامه‌ی
+آزادی برای استفاده از آن بنویسد.
+
+225
+00:12:14.390 --> 00:12:16.693
+کار بسیار سختی است، ولی قابل اجراست.
+
+226
+00:12:16.708 --> 00:12:19.282
+اگر شما می خواهید یک مشارکت فنی بزرگ داشته 
باشید،
+
+227
+00:12:19.301 --> 00:12:21.247
+این کاری است که باید انجام بدهید.
+
+228
+00:12:21.275 --> 00:12:24.659
+هر عرصه و فعالیت جدیدی از زندگی،
+
+229
+00:12:24.696 --> 00:12:28.867
+می تواند حقوق جدیدی برای 
+بشر ایجاد کند که مهم هستند.
+
+230
+00:12:28.885 --> 00:12:31.302
+حقوق بشر به یکدیگر وابسته‌اند.
+
+231
+00:12:31.316 --> 00:12:32.769
+اگر یکی را از دست بدهید،
+
+232
+00:12:32.780 --> 00:12:35.550
+حفظ دیگری سخت‌تر می‌شود.
+
+233
+00:12:35.571 --> 00:12:39.773
+محاسبه کردن یکی از امور خیلی مهم در جامعه 
است،
+
+234
+00:12:39.794 --> 00:12:44.059
+که آزادی نرم‌افزار را در بین حقوق بشر قرار 
می‌دهد،
+
+235
+00:12:44.075 --> 00:12:47.177
+جامعه باید آن را بدست بیاورد و حفظ کند.
+
+236
+00:12:47.178 --> 00:12:49.637
+پس، چگونه کمک کنیم؟
+
+237
+00:12:49.656 --> 00:12:51.677
+شما می‌توانید یک نرم‌افزار آزاد بنویسید.
+
+238
+00:12:51.692 --> 00:12:54.469
+شما می‌توانید برای مبارزه یک گروه را 
+سازماندهی کنید.
+
+239
+00:12:54.478 --> 00:12:58.157
+مدارس و دولت‌ها را به حرکت به سوی
+ نرم‌افزار آزاد ترقیب کنید.
+
+240
+00:12:58.175 --> 00:13:01.798
+شما می‌توانید، وقتی که دیگران در استفاده 
از نرم‌افزار
+ آزاد به مشکل برخورده‌اند، به آن‌ها کمک 
کنید،
+
+241
+00:13:01.815 --> 00:13:03.687
+یا به آن‌ها کمک کنید آن را نصب کنند.
+
+242
+00:13:03.696 --> 00:13:08.375
+شما می‌توانید بگویید «نرم‌افزار آزاد»
+ و فلسفه‌ی آن را گسترش دهید.
+
+243
+00:13:08.399 --> 00:13:13.279
+حرکت به سمت نرم‌افزار آزاد اولین 
+قدم در آزادسازی فضای سایبری است.
+
+244
+00:13:13.294 --> 00:13:15.408
+البته ما از اینترنت هم استفاده می‌کنیم.
+
+245
+00:13:15.421 --> 00:13:17.031
+ما آزادی‌های دیگری هم در آنجا نیاز داریم.
+
+246
+00:13:17.060 --> 00:13:20.729
+مثل بی طرف بودن شبکه،
+پایان دادن به
+
+247
+00:13:20.751 --> 00:13:24.478
+تجسس عمومی مردم.
+
+248
+00:13:24.839 --> 00:13:27.295
+(تشویق)

Index: rms-ted-talk.fr.vtt
===================================================================
RCS file: rms-ted-talk.fr.vtt
diff -N rms-ted-talk.fr.vtt
--- /dev/null   1 Jan 1970 00:00:00 -0000
+++ rms-ted-talk.fr.vtt 18 Oct 2022 11:18:58 -0000      1.1
@@ -0,0 +1,829 @@
+WEBVTT
+
+00:00:11.000 --> 00:00:12.500
+Le logiciel libre
+
+00:00:12.500 --> 00:00:17.900
+est la première bataille dans la
+libération du cyberespace.
+
+00:00:18.080 --> 00:00:20.080
+Qui contrôle votre ordinateur?
+
+00:00:20.080 --> 00:00:25.540
+Est-ce vous, ou bien une grosse
+société qui le contrôle vraiment?
+
+00:00:25.540 --> 00:00:27.760
+Qu'est-ce qu'un ordinateur?
+
+00:00:27.760 --> 00:00:30.520
+C'est une machine universelle.
+
+00:00:30.520 --> 00:00:35.040
+Elle va calculer tout ce qu'on veut,
+
+00:00:35.040 --> 00:00:40.180
+car on lui donne un programme
+qui lui dit ce qu'on veut calculer.
+
+00:00:40.180 --> 00:00:43.940
+Ainsi, l'ordinateur ne sait que
+prendre une instruction et l'effectuer,
+
+00:00:43.940 --> 00:00:46.140
+et prendre une autre
+instruction et l'effectuer.
+
+00:00:46.140 --> 00:00:48.380
+Le programme donne les instructions.
+
+00:00:48.380 --> 00:00:50.160
+Il dit quoi faire.
+
+00:00:50.160 --> 00:00:55.100
+Alors, en écrivant le bon programme,
+on peut lui faire faire n'importe quoi,
+
+00:00:55.100 --> 00:00:57.060
+enfin presque n'importe quoi... ;)
+
+00:00:57.060 --> 00:01:00.740
+Qui donne des instructions
+Ã  votre ordinateur?
+
+00:01:00.740 --> 00:01:04.380
+Vous pensez peut-être
+qu'il obéit à vos instructions,
+
+00:01:04.380 --> 00:01:07.280
+mais en fait il obéit
+d'abord à quelqu'un d'autre,
+
+00:01:07.280 --> 00:01:10.500
+ensuite à vous,
+dans la mesure où cette société
+
+00:01:10.500 --> 00:01:13.240
+permet à l'ordinateur de vous écouter.
+
+00:01:13.240 --> 00:01:15.700
+Avec le logiciel, de deux choses l'une:
+
+00:01:15.700 --> 00:01:18.600
+soit les utilisateurs
+contrôlent le programme,
+
+00:01:18.600 --> 00:01:21.600
+soit le programme
+contrôle les utilisateurs.
+
+00:01:21.600 --> 00:01:23.729
+C'est forcément l'un ou l'autre.
+
+00:01:23.729 --> 00:01:28.360
+Pour contrôler le programme,
+les utilisateurs ont besoin
+
+00:01:28.360 --> 00:01:31.439
+des 4 libertés essentielles.
+
+00:01:31.439 --> 00:01:34.200
+C'est la définition du logiciel libre
+<i>(free software)</i>.
+
+00:01:34.200 --> 00:01:38.110
+Le logiciel libre respecte la liberté
+des utilisateurs et leur communauté.
+
+00:01:38.110 --> 00:01:43.000
+En anglais, nous disons souvent «libre»,
+comme en français ou en espagnol,
+
+00:01:43.000 --> 00:01:46.780
+pour souligner
+qu'il ne s'agit pas de gratuité.
+
+00:01:46.780 --> 00:01:48.660
+Nous ne parlons pas de prix.
+
+00:01:48.660 --> 00:01:50.920
+Nous avons à cœur votre liberté
+
+00:01:50.920 --> 00:01:55.690
+et parfois nous disons
+«free/libre» pour le montrer.
+
+00:01:55.690 --> 00:02:01.440
+Liberté 0: utiliser le programme comme
+vous voulez, dans n’importe quel but.
+
+00:02:01.440 --> 00:02:07.600
+Liberté 1: étudier son code source
+et le modifier pour qu'il fasse
+
+00:02:07.600 --> 00:02:09.520
+ce que vous voulez.
+
+00:02:09.520 --> 00:02:13.000
+Mais qu’est-ce que le code source?
+Tous les programmes
+
+00:02:13.000 --> 00:02:17.210
+ont typiquement deux formes.
+Il y a celle que vous pouvez lire,
+
+00:02:17.210 --> 00:02:20.800
+et comprendre si vous connaissez
+le langage de programmation.
+
+00:02:20.800 --> 00:02:21.900
+C'est la source.
+
+00:02:21.900 --> 00:02:24.320
+C'est ce que les programmeurs
+écrivent et modifient.
+
+00:02:24.320 --> 00:02:27.030
+Puis il y a l'exécutable,
+une série de chiffres
+
+00:02:27.030 --> 00:02:29.540
+que même un programmeur
+ne peut comprendre.
+
+00:02:29.540 --> 00:02:31.489
+Si tout ce qu'on a est l'exécutable,
+
+00:02:31.489 --> 00:02:34.900
+c'est très dur de comprendre
+ce que fait le programme,
+
+00:02:34.900 --> 00:02:36.400
+et encore plus de le modifier.
+
+00:02:36.400 --> 00:02:40.600
+Alors, pour vous donner vraiment
+le moyen de l'étudier et de le modifier,
+
+00:02:40.600 --> 00:02:44.220
+ils doivent vous donner
+le code source. C'est obligatoire.
+
+00:02:44.220 --> 00:02:49.300
+Avec ces deux libertés,
+chaque utilisateur séparément
+
+00:02:49.300 --> 00:02:53.900
+peut faire une copie et la modifier
+pour lui faire faire ce qu'il veut.
+
+00:02:53.900 --> 00:02:56.320
+C'est le contrôle individuel.
+
+00:02:56.320 --> 00:03:00.390
+Mais si vous n'êtes pas programmeur?
+Vous regardez le code source,
+
+00:03:00.390 --> 00:03:01.800
+et vous n'y comprenez rien.
+
+00:03:01.800 --> 00:03:04.740
+Le contrôle individuel ne suffit pas.
+
+00:03:04.740 --> 00:03:07.560
+Nous avons aussi besoin
+d'un contrôle collectif.
+
+00:03:07.560 --> 00:03:10.300
+Cela signifie que tout groupe
+d'utilisateurs est libre
+
+00:03:10.300 --> 00:03:13.200
+de coopérer pour faire faire
+au programme ce qu'il veut.
+
+00:03:13.200 --> 00:03:16.700
+Bien sûr, dans un groupe,
+certains sont programmeurs.
+
+00:03:16.700 --> 00:03:18.489
+Ce sont eux qui font les modifications,
+
+00:03:18.489 --> 00:03:22.580
+mais ils les font comme membres
+du groupe, pour concrétiser sa volonté.
+
+00:03:22.580 --> 00:03:24.800
+Le groupe n'a pas besoin
+d'englober tout le monde.
+
+00:03:24.800 --> 00:03:28.890
+D'autres peuvent utiliser le code à 
+leur façon. Ils sont libres de le faire.
+
+00:03:28.890 --> 00:03:33.340
+Le contrôle collectif requiert
+deux autres libertés essentielles.
+
+00:03:33.340 --> 00:03:36.750
+Liberté 2: redistribuer
+des copies exactes.
+
+00:03:36.750 --> 00:03:40.909
+Faire des copies, puis les donner
+ou les vendre quand vous le voulez.
+
+00:03:40.909 --> 00:03:43.900
+Et liberté 3: même chose, mais pour
+vos versions modifiées.
+
+00:03:43.900 --> 00:03:47.000
+Vous êtes libres de les copier et de
+donner ou vendre les copies 
+
+00:03:47.000 --> 00:03:48.870
+quand vous le voulez.
+
+00:03:48.870 --> 00:03:51.000
+Nous avons ces libertés essentielles.
+
+00:03:51.000 --> 00:03:53.860
+Quand c'est du logiciel libre, les
+utilisateurs contrôlent le programme.
+
+00:03:53.860 --> 00:03:55.900
+Mais s'il manque une de ces libertés,
+
+00:03:55.900 --> 00:04:00.000
+les utilisateurs
+ne contrôlent pas le programme.
+
+00:04:00.000 --> 00:04:05.540
+C'est le programme qui les contrôle,
+et le développeur contrôle le programme.
+
+00:04:05.540 --> 00:04:11.000
+Ça veut dire que ce programme est
+l'instrument d'un pouvoir illégitime
+
+00:04:11.000 --> 00:04:14.200
+du développeur sur les utilisateurs.
+
+00:04:14.200 --> 00:04:17.479
+Ça veut dire que
+les utilisateurs ne sont pas libres.
+
+00:04:17.479 --> 00:04:21.630
+C'est un logiciel non libre, privateur,
+dont nous devons nous débarrasser.
+
+00:04:21.630 --> 00:04:25.210
+Avec le logiciel privateur,
+qu'arrive-t-il?
+
+00:04:25.210 --> 00:04:29.100
+Parfois, le programme
+espionne l'utilisateur.
+
+00:04:29.100 --> 00:04:32.220
+Parfois, il le suit à la trace.
+
+00:04:32.220 --> 00:04:37.200
+Parfois, il restreint l'utilisateur
+et l'empêche de faire ce qu'il veut.
+
+00:04:37.200 --> 00:04:41.380
+Vous pouvez voir que le rayon
+bleu de Blu-ray est votre ennemi. ;)
+
+00:04:41.380 --> 00:04:46.110
+Parfois, le logiciel
+détruit à distance des livres,
+
+00:04:46.110 --> 00:04:49.680
+comme l'a fait Amazon avec «1984».
+
+00:04:49.680 --> 00:04:56.200
+Parfois, le développeur force
+l'utilisateur à installer 
+
+00:04:56.200 --> 00:05:02.200
+une mise à jour nocive, en le menaçant
+de retirer d'autres fonctionnalités,
+
+00:05:02.200 --> 00:05:04.550
+comme l'a fait Sony.
+
+00:05:04.550 --> 00:05:08.500
+Et il peut même modifier
+le logiciel à distance,
+
+00:05:08.500 --> 00:05:14.039
+comme le peut Microsoft, via la porte
+dérobée universelle de Windows.
+
+00:05:14.039 --> 00:05:19.000
+Parfois, ils font même du sabotage,
+comme Microsoft, quand il divulgue
+
+00:05:19.000 --> 00:05:23.700
+Ã  la NSA les bogues de Windows
+pour qu'elle s'en serve
+
+00:05:23.700 --> 00:05:26.470
+afin d'attaquer les ordinateurs
+des utilisateurs.
+
+00:05:26.470 --> 00:05:33.800
+En somme, avec le logiciel privateur,
+le propriétaire a le pouvoir
+
+00:05:33.800 --> 00:05:39.300
+et en profite pour ajouter ces
+fonctionnalités malveillantes,
+
+00:05:39.300 --> 00:05:41.960
+nocives pour les utilisateurs.
+
+00:05:41.960 --> 00:05:45.800
+Bien sûr, ils ne font pas ça
+par sadisme, ils le font juste
+
+00:05:45.800 --> 00:05:47.699
+pour l'argent, par avidité.
+
+00:05:47.699 --> 00:05:54.199
+Ils ont différents moyens de profiter
+de leur pouvoir sur les utilisateurs,
+
+00:05:54.199 --> 00:05:57.300
+ce qui ne réduit en rien leurs torts.
+
+00:05:57.300 --> 00:06:00.229
+Mais ils ne connaissent pas la honte.
+
+00:06:00.229 --> 00:06:04.490
+Ils tiennent des conférences
+où ils discutent de nouvelles méthodes
+
+00:06:04.490 --> 00:06:08.800
+pour profiter des utilisateurs
+via le pouvoir qu'ils détiennent.
+
+00:06:08.800 --> 00:06:12.100
+À la base,
+le logiciel privateur est maintenant
+
+00:06:12.100 --> 00:06:16.100
+(pour la plupart de ses usages)
+
+00:06:16.100 --> 00:06:20.970
+un logiciel malveillant.
+C'est du logiciel pour les pigeons.
+
+00:06:20.970 --> 00:06:24.500
+Alors, comment cesser d'être victime?
+
+00:06:24.500 --> 00:06:27.100
+Auparavant, vous deviez
+cesser d'utiliser des ordinateurs,
+
+00:06:27.100 --> 00:06:29.100
+mais ce n'est plus le cas. Maintenant,
+
+00:06:29.100 --> 00:06:33.370
+vous pouvez nous rejoindre dans le
+monde libre que nous avons construit.
+
+00:06:33.370 --> 00:06:38.600
+En 1983, j'ai annoncé le développement
+d'un système d’exploitation
+
+00:06:38.600 --> 00:06:41.810
+entièrement libre, appelé GNU.
+
+00:06:41.810 --> 00:06:45.370
+En 1992, nous l'avions presque terminé,
+
+00:06:45.370 --> 00:06:50.449
+mais il manquait un morceau: le noyau.
+La même année Linus Torvalds
+
+00:06:50.449 --> 00:06:53.970
+a libéré son noyau Linux,
+qui a complété le puzzle
+
+00:06:53.970 --> 00:06:59.400
+et nous a donné le premier système
+complet pour PC: GNU + Linux.
+
+00:06:59.400 --> 00:07:05.200
+Hélas, jouir de la liberté
+dans un domaine de plus
+
+00:07:05.200 --> 00:07:07.490
+ne garantit pas de la conserver.
+
+00:07:07.490 --> 00:07:12.400
+Il y a plus de mille variantes de
+GNU/Linux appelées distributions.
+
+00:07:12.400 --> 00:07:15.400
+Quelques-unes sont 100% libres;
+
+00:07:15.400 --> 00:07:18.800
+la plupart ont des ajouts
+de logiciels non libres,
+
+00:07:18.800 --> 00:07:22.789
+car elles sont maintenues par des
+gens que la liberté n'intéresse pas.
+
+00:07:22.789 --> 00:07:26.860
+Ils préfèrent améliorer le confort,
+mais au prix de la liberté.
+
+00:07:26.860 --> 00:07:30.910
+Donc, vous devez vérifier
+quelles distros sont libres.
+
+00:07:30.910 --> 00:07:34.400
+Pour conserver votre liberté,
+il faut parfois faire des sacrifices,
+
+00:07:34.400 --> 00:07:39.000
+parfois de grands sacrifices,
+comme à Lexington. Parfois...
+
+00:07:39.000 --> 00:07:41.600
+Mais dans une bataille en peinture,
+
+00:07:41.600 --> 00:07:43.930
+ce sont plutôt de petits sacrifices.
+
+00:07:43.930 --> 00:07:48.310
+N'importe qui avec avec un
+peu de maturité peut les faire.
+
+00:07:48.310 --> 00:07:52.680
+Par exemple, vous voulez des applis,
+mais certaines ne sont pas libres.
+
+00:07:52.680 --> 00:07:55.700
+Si vous voulez la liberté,
+vous allez faire sans elles.
+
+00:07:55.700 --> 00:07:59.400
+Donc il y peut y avoir quelques
+inconvénients dont vous souffrirez
+
+00:07:59.400 --> 00:08:01.410
+au nom de votre liberté.
+
+00:08:01.410 --> 00:08:05.300
+Ensuite, de nombreux sites web
+envoient des programmes non libres
+
+00:08:05.300 --> 00:08:09.180
+écrits en JavaScript
+au navigateur de l'utilisateur.
+
+00:08:09.180 --> 00:08:12.200
+Si vous ne voulez pas faire
+tourner de programme non libre,
+
+00:08:12.200 --> 00:08:17.460
+vous devez installer LibreJS,
+qui bloque le JavaScript non libre.
+
+00:08:17.460 --> 00:08:22.449
+Et parfois, les serveurs proposent de
+faire vos calculs. Ils vous disent:
+
+00:08:22.449 --> 00:08:26.069
+«Envoyez-nous toutes vos données.»
+Évidemment, c’est pour les pigeons.
+
+00:08:26.069 --> 00:08:30.150
+Ainsi, le serveur fait les calculs
+et vous renvoie le résultat.
+
+00:08:30.150 --> 00:08:34.529
+Mais vous n'êtes pas censé savoir
+comment: c'est le <i>cloud</i>, le nuage,
+
+00:08:34.529 --> 00:08:38.589
+et vous ne voyez pas ce qui se passe.
+Eh bien, vous devriez regarder!
+
+00:08:38.589 --> 00:08:42.419
+C'est un «SaaSS», un
+service qui remplace un logiciel
+
+00:08:42.419 --> 00:08:45.899
+et prend la main sur votre informatique.
+
+00:08:45.899 --> 00:08:51.680
+Une grande partie des serveurs
+mondiaux utilise GNU/Linux
+
+00:08:51.680 --> 00:08:53.060
+et autres logiciels libres.
+
+00:08:53.060 --> 00:08:56.870
+Mais je pense que les ordinateurs
+les plus importants à «libérer»
+
+00:08:56.870 --> 00:09:00.810
+sont les vôtres, pas
+les serveurs web des entreprises.
+
+00:09:00.810 --> 00:09:05.950
+Ils méritent aussi la liberté, mais ce
+sont surtout les gens qui la méritent.
+
+00:09:05.950 --> 00:09:11.300
+Alors, nous devons progresser, et
+pour ce faire franchir des obstacles.
+
+00:09:11.300 --> 00:09:15.500
+L'un d'eux est qu'il y a de grosses
+sociétés qui s'enrichissent beaucoup
+
+00:09:15.500 --> 00:09:17.600
+grâce au contrôle sur les utilisateurs,
+
+00:09:17.600 --> 00:09:20.100
+et elles ne veulent pas
+nous laisser progresser.
+
+00:09:20.100 --> 00:09:22.800
+Il nous faut vaincre leur opposition.
+
+00:09:22.800 --> 00:09:27.220
+Un autre est que les médias
+ne parlent pas de logiciel libre.
+
+00:09:27.220 --> 00:09:31.640
+Ils ont un terme qui enterre
+toutes ces questions éthiques:
+
+00:09:31.640 --> 00:09:34.700
+ils disent «open source» à la place.
+
+00:09:34.700 --> 00:09:39.370
+Cela parle à peu près
+des mêmes programmes,
+
+00:09:39.370 --> 00:09:41.900
+mais avec des idées différentes.
+
+00:09:41.900 --> 00:09:45.500
+Nous, activistes du libre, disons:
+«C'est une question de bien et de mal.
+
+00:09:45.500 --> 00:09:48.040
+Les utilisateurs méritent la liberté.
+Nous exigeons la liberté.»
+
+00:09:48.040 --> 00:09:52.120
+Les gens de l'open source 
+ne veulent pas dire ça, mais plutôt:
+
+00:09:52.120 --> 00:09:55.690
+«Laissons les utilisateurs
+modifier le code et le redistribuer.
+
+00:09:55.690 --> 00:09:59.140
+Ils vont l'améliorer 
+et corriger des bogues.»
+
+00:09:59.140 --> 00:10:01.100
+Peut-être, mais c'est moins important.
+
+00:10:01.100 --> 00:10:04.709
+Si nous voulons garder notre liberté,
+nous devons parler de liberté.
+
+00:10:04.709 --> 00:10:08.310
+Alors, dites «logiciel libre»
+et vous nous aiderez à chaque fois.
+
+00:10:08.310 --> 00:10:12.630
+Autre obstacle: beaucoup d’écoles
+enseignent le logiciel non libre,
+
+00:10:12.630 --> 00:10:16.230
+ce qui revient à enseigner aux
+enfants à fumer des cigarettes.
+
+00:10:16.230 --> 00:10:20.480
+C'est implanter de la dépendance, le
+contraire de ce que doit faire l’école.
+
+00:10:20.480 --> 00:10:27.000
+L'école doit préparer les citoyens à 
+vivre dans une société forte, capable,
+
+00:10:27.000 --> 00:10:30.000
+indépendante, solidaire et libre,
+
+00:10:30.000 --> 00:10:33.900
+ce qui signifie
+enseigner le logiciel libre à l'école.
+
+00:10:33.900 --> 00:10:37.420
+Il y a une autre raison de
+le faire: sa valeur éducative.
+
+00:10:37.420 --> 00:10:40.740
+Certains jeunes veulent devenir
+programmeurs. Ils sont curieux,
+
+00:10:40.740 --> 00:10:43.250
+ils veulent savoir
+comment fonctionnent les programmes.
+
+00:10:43.250 --> 00:10:45.579
+Celui qui étudie le logiciel libre
+peut comprendre.
+
+00:10:45.579 --> 00:10:49.339
+Celui qui étudie le logiciel non libre
+ne peut rien apprendre,
+
+00:10:49.339 --> 00:10:56.440
+car la connaissance, dans le logiciel
+non libre, est refusée aux étudiants.
+
+00:10:56.440 --> 00:10:59.400
+Pour maintenir un environnement
+éducatif, l'école doit s'assurer 
+
+00:10:59.400 --> 00:11:01.300
+que ses programmes sont libres.
+
+00:11:01.300 --> 00:11:07.160
+Et plus important encore, l’école doit
+enseigner l'esprit de bonne volonté,
+
+00:11:07.160 --> 00:11:11.050
+l’habitude de l'entraide.
+Donc, elle doit dire:
+
+00:11:11.050 --> 00:11:13.100
+«Si vous apportez un programme en classe
+
+00:11:13.100 --> 00:11:15.790
+(comme lorsque 
+vous apportez des biscuits)
+
+00:11:15.790 --> 000:11:19.440
+vous devez le partager avec tous.
+Vous ne pouvez le garder pour vous.
+
+00:11:19.440 --> 00:11:23.660
+Vous devez partager le code source
+pour que d'autres puissent apprendre.
+
+00:11:23.660 --> 00:11:27.089
+Alors, n'apportez pas de logiciel
+privateur dans cette classe.»
+
+00:11:27.089 --> 00:11:31.880
+L'école doit donner le bon exemple
+en suivant sa propre règle:
+
+00:11:31.880 --> 00:11:35.350
+apporter uniquement du logiciel
+libre en classe, sauf pour les
+
+00:11:35.350 --> 00:11:39.279
+exercices d’ingénierie inversée.
+
+00:11:39.279 --> 00:11:43.000
+Autre obstacle, il y a du matériel
+pour lequel nous ne savons pas faire
+
+00:11:43.000 --> 00:11:46.600
+de logiciel libre, car on ne nous
+dit pas comment utiliser le matériel.
+
+00:11:46.600 --> 00:11:48.490
+C'est choquant!
+
+00:11:48.490 --> 00:11:52.260
+Ils veulent vous vendre le produit et
+ne vous disent pas comment l'utiliser.
+
+00:11:52.260 --> 00:11:56.600
+Ils disent: «Tiens, voici un logiciel
+non libre; utilise-le et ferme-la!
+
+00:11:56.600 --> 00:11:59.260
+Ne nous dérange pas!»
+
+00:11:59.260 --> 00:12:02.200
+Comment apprend-on à faire 
+fonctionner leur matériel?
+
+00:12:02.200 --> 00:12:03.880
+Par ingénierie inversée.
+
+00:12:03.880 --> 00:12:08.200
+On doit étudier tous ces 0 et ces 1
+pour trouver ce qu'ils font vraiment
+
+00:12:08.200 --> 00:12:10.500
+et décrire comment utiliser ce matériel,
+
+00:12:10.500 --> 00:12:14.370
+afin que quelqu'un d'autre puisse
+écrire un logiciel libre pour ça.
+
+00:12:14.370 --> 00:12:16.400
+C'est difficile, mais faisable.
+
+00:12:16.400 --> 00:12:20.000
+Si vous voulez faire une
+grande contribution technique,
+
+00:12:20.000 --> 00:12:21.800
+c'est ce que vous devez faire.
+
+00:12:21.800 --> 00:12:25.000
+Chaque nouveau domaine ou
+nouvelle activité peut comporter
+
+00:12:25.000 --> 00:12:28.200
+de nouveaux droits humains,
+qui sont nécessaires.
+
+00:12:28.200 --> 00:12:31.220
+Les droits humains
+dépendent les uns des autres.
+
+00:12:31.220 --> 00:12:35.440
+Si vous en perdez un, il devient plus
+difficile de conserver les autres.
+
+00:12:35.440 --> 00:12:39.750
+De nos jours, l'informatique est 
+si importante pour la société
+
+00:12:39.750 --> 00:12:44.040
+que les libertés du logiciel libre
+font partie des droits humains
+
+00:12:44.040 --> 00:12:47.100
+que la société doit établir et protéger.
+
+00:12:47.100 --> 00:12:51.649
+Alors... comment aider?
+Vous pouvez écrire un logiciel libre,
+
+00:12:51.649 --> 00:12:54.700
+organiser des groupes pour
+lancer des campagnes et persuader
+
+00:12:54.700 --> 00:12:58.149
+des écoles et des administrations
+de migrer vers le logiciel libre.
+
+00:12:58.149 --> 00:13:02.200
+Vous pouvez aider des gens qui ont des
+difficultés avec des logiciels libres,
+
+00:13:02.200 --> 00:13:04.700
+ou à les aider à les installer.
+
+00:13:04.700 --> 00:13:08.399
+Vous pouvez dire «logiciel libre»
+et propager sa philosophie.
+
+00:13:08.399 --> 00:13:10.200
+Migrer vers le logiciel libre
+
+00:13:10.200 --> 00:13:13.230
+est la première étape vers
+la libération du cyberespace.
+
+00:13:13.230 --> 00:13:17.000
+Mais nous utilisons aussi Internet.
+Là , on a besoin d'autres libertés,
+
+00:13:17.000 --> 00:13:24.300
+comme la neutralité du net et
+la fin de la surveillance généralisée.
+
+00:13:25.300 --> 00:13:31.000
+Traduction de Julie Cohen-Bacrie, ing.
+pour le 2e Colloque libre de l’Adte le 4 avril 2015,
+revue par Richard Stallman le 7 avril 2015. CC-BY
+Sous-titres révisés par trad-gnu en juillet 2022. 
+
+00:13:31.000 --> 00:13:35.400
+Adte pour le logiciel libre en enseignement supérieur: http://adte.ca
+Groupe trad-gnu de l'April: trad-gnu@april.org
+

Index: rms-ted-talk.pt-br.vtt
===================================================================
RCS file: rms-ted-talk.pt-br.vtt
diff -N rms-ted-talk.pt-br.vtt
--- /dev/null   1 Jan 1970 00:00:00 -0000
+++ rms-ted-talk.pt-br.vtt      18 Oct 2022 11:18:59 -0000      1.1
@@ -0,0 +1,1451 @@
+WEBVTT
+
+1
+00:00:00.897 --> 00:00:07.477
+"Software Livre, Sociedade Livre"
+
+2
+00:00:10.804 --> 00:00:14.526
+O software livre é a primeira batalha
+
+3
+00:00:14.692 --> 00:00:16.805
+na libertação do cyberspace
+
+4
+00:00:16.252 --> 00:00:20.175
+Quem controla seu computador? Você?
+
+5
+00:00:20.459 --> 00:00:22.873
+Ou é alguma grande companhia
+
+6
+00:00:22.944 --> 00:00:25.053
+que na verdade controla ele?
+
+7
+00:00:25.127 --> 00:00:27.345
+Bem, o que é um computador?
+
+8
+00:00:27.436 --> 00:00:30.156
+Um computador é uma máquina universal.
+
+9
+00:00:30.134 --> 00:00:34.056
+Ele realiza qualquer processamento que você queira,
+
+10
+00:00:34.203 --> 00:00:36.823
+porque você fornece a ele um programa que diz
+
+11
+00:00:36.881 --> 00:00:39.199
+qual processamento você quer fazer.
+
+12
+00:00:39.339 --> 00:00:41.210
+Então o computador apenas sabe
+
+13
+00:00:41.404 --> 00:00:43.416
+como recuperar um comando e executá-lo,
+
+14
+00:00:43.438 --> 00:00:45.448
+e recuperar
+outro comando e executá-lo, assim por diante.
+
+15
+00:00:45.640 --> 00:00:47.870
+O programa tem os comandos.
+
+16
+00:00:47.901 --> 00:00:49.414
+Ele diz o que fazer.
+
+17
+00:00:49.626 --> 00:00:52.609
+Então... escrevendo o programa correto
+
+18
+00:00:52.624 --> 00:00:54.231
+você pode fazer qualquer coisa.
+
+19
+00:00:53.731 --> 00:00:56.145
+Bem, quase qualquer coisa.
+
+20
+00:00:56.455 --> 00:00:59.679
+Então, quem dá
+os comandos para o seu computador?
+
+21
+00:00:59.923 --> 00:01:03.146
+Você pode pensar
+que ele está obedecendo os seus comandos,
+
+22
+00:01:03.415 --> 00:01:05.666
+quando na verdade ele está obedecendo
+
+23
+00:01:05.732 --> 00:01:06.836
+outras pessoas primeiro,
+
+24
+00:01:06.576 --> 00:01:09.147
+e te obedecendo apenas o quanto
+
+25
+00:01:09.221 --> 00:01:10.834
+a companhia quer que te obedeça...
+
+26
+00:01:10.810 --> 00:01:12.821
+... ou quanto a
+companhia quer que ele te escute.
+
+27
+00:01:13.017 --> 00:01:15.537
+Existem duas possibilidades para o software:
+
+28
+00:01:15.554 --> 00:01:17.570
+ou os usuários controlam o programa
+
+29
+00:01:17.617 --> 00:01:20.342
+ou o programa controla os usuários.
+
+30
+00:01:20.517 --> 00:01:22.934
+É inevitável que aconteça uma ou a outra coisa.
+
+31
+00:01:23.052 --> 00:01:25.456
+Então, para que os usuários
+
+32
+00:01:25.528 --> 00:01:26.733
+possam controlar o programa,
+
+33
+00:01:26.549 --> 00:01:29.268
+eles precisam de quatro liberdades essenciais.
+
+34
+00:01:30.167 --> 00:01:33.596
+E esta é a definição de software livre.
+
+35
+00:01:33.748 --> 00:01:35.605
+O software livre respeita
+
+36
+00:01:35.636 --> 00:01:37.657
+a liberdade e a comunidade dos usuários.
+
+37
+00:01:37.612 --> 00:01:39.725
+Nós geralmente chamamos ele de "libre",
+
+38
+00:01:39.829 --> 00:01:42.047
+usando a palavra em Francês ou Espanhol
+
+39
+00:01:42.050 --> 00:01:43.865
+---pronuncie como quiser. A questão é,
+
+40
+00:01:43.984 --> 00:01:45.375
+o que nós queremos dizer;
+
+41
+00:01:45.417 --> 00:01:46.727
+não queremos dizer que é de graça.
+
+42
+00:01:46.544 --> 00:01:48.157
+Não estamos falando de preço;
+
+43
+00:01:48.203 --> 00:01:50.121
+estamos preocupados com sua liberdade.
+
+44
+00:01:50.218 --> 00:01:54.048
+E nós
+algumas vezes dizemos free/libre para significar isso.
+
+45
+00:01:54.317 --> 00:01:56.812
+Então, a Liberdade 0 é a liberdade
+
+46
+00:01:56.908 --> 00:01:58.822
+de executar o programa sempre que quiser,
+
+47
+00:01:58.656 --> 00:02:00.475
+seja qual for o propósito.
+
+48
+00:02:00.551 --> 00:02:02.584
+A Liberdade 1 é a liberdade
+
+49
+00:02:02.635 --> 00:02:04.463
+que permite estudar o código-fonte do programa
+
+50
+00:02:04.678 --> 00:02:07.073
+e mudá-lo para que possa realizar
+
+51
+00:02:07.255 --> 00:02:08.964
+o processamento que você deseja.
+
+52
+00:02:08.734 --> 00:02:11.049
+Mas o que é o código-fonte?
+
+53
+00:02:11.145 --> 00:02:12.552
+Bem, todo programa tipicamente
+
+54
+00:02:12.628 --> 00:02:13.939
+está em um de dois formatos possíveis:
+
+55
+00:02:13.526 --> 00:02:16.246
+existe o formato que você consegue ler
+
+56
+00:02:16.328 --> 00:02:18.037
+e você consegue entender
+
+57
+00:02:17.966 --> 00:02:19.685
+se você conhecer a linguagem de programação
+
+58
+00:02:19.828 --> 00:02:20.889
+--este é o código-fonte,
+
+59
+00:02:21.061 --> 00:02:23.683
+isto é o que
+os programadores escrevem e alteram--
+
+60
+00:02:23.694 --> 00:02:25.194
+e existe o executável,
+
+61
+00:02:25.231 --> 00:02:26.540
+que é um monte de números,
+
+62
+00:02:26.412 --> 00:02:28.726
+que nem mesmo
+um programador consegue entender.
+
+63
+00:02:28.904 --> 00:02:30.817
+Se tudo que você tem é o executável,
+
+64
+00:02:30.831 --> 00:02:32.732
+será um grande problema
+
+65
+00:02:32.765 --> 00:02:34.175
+conseguir entender o que o programa faz,
+
+66
+00:02:34.112 --> 00:02:35.929
+e um problema mais difícil ainda alterá-lo.
+
+67
+00:02:35.938 --> 00:02:39.246
+Então,
+para que você tenha a real possibilidade
+
+68
+00:02:39.298 --> 00:02:40.506
+de estudá-lo e alterá-lo,
+
+69
+00:02:40.333 --> 00:02:42.624
+é preciso disponibilizar o código-fonte.
+
+70
+00:02:42.712 --> 00:02:43.819
+Este é um requisito fundamental.
+
+71
+00:02:43.804 --> 00:02:46.318
+Bem, com essas duas liberdades,
+
+72
+00:02:46.458 --> 00:02:48.676
+cada usuário, individualmente,
+
+73
+00:02:48.898 --> 00:02:51.118
+pode fazer uma cópia e começar a alterá-lo,
+
+74
+00:02:51.176 --> 00:02:53.089
+para que ele faça o que ele quer.
+
+75
+00:02:53.241 --> 00:02:55.656
+Isto é uma liberdade individual.
+
+76
+00:02:55.890 --> 00:02:58.407
+Mas, e se você não for um programador?
+
+77
+00:02:58.436 --> 00:02:59.717
+Você olha o código-fonte
+
+78
+00:02:59.797 --> 00:03:01.006
+e não consegue entendê-lo.
+
+79
+00:03:01.122 --> 00:03:03.941
+Liberdade individual não é suficiente;
+
+80
+00:03:04.046 --> 00:03:06.560
+nós também precisamos de liberdade coletiva,
+
+81
+00:03:06.624 --> 00:03:07.531
+que significa
+
+82
+00:03:07.168 --> 00:03:08.479
+que qualquer grupo de usuários
+
+83
+00:03:08.575 --> 00:03:09.783
+são livres para trabalhar juntos
+
+84
+00:03:09.736 --> 00:03:12.152
+para adaptar o programa para o que eles querem.
+
+85
+00:03:12.259 --> 00:03:13.964
+Claro que, no grupo,
+
+86
+00:03:13.995 --> 00:03:15.308
+alguns são programadores,
+
+87
+00:03:15.312 --> 00:03:17.100
+são os que vão realmente
+
+88
+00:03:17.152 --> 00:03:18.059
+escrever as alterações,
+
+89
+00:03:17.844 --> 00:03:20.162
+mas estarão fazendo isso como parte do grupo
+
+90
+00:03:20.333 --> 00:03:21.840
+para atender o que o grupo quer.
+
+91
+00:03:22.101 --> 00:03:24.523
+Claro,
+os grupos podem não ter todas as pessoas;
+
+92
+00:03:24.546 --> 00:03:26.961
+e alguns podem usar de alguma outra forma;
+
+93
+00:03:27.115 --> 00:03:28.625
+são todos livres para fazer como quiserem.
+
+94
+00:03:28.757 --> 00:03:31.182
+Então, essa liberdade coletiva requer
+
+95
+00:03:31.214 --> 00:03:33.127
+mais duas liberdades essenciais:
+
+96
+00:03:32.583 --> 00:03:34.603
+A Liberdade 2 é a liberdade
+
+97
+00:03:34.669 --> 00:03:36.280
+para redistribuir cópias exatas
+
+98
+00:03:36.279 --> 00:03:38.694
+---fazer as cópias e distribuí-las
+
+99
+00:03:38.741 --> 00:03:40.649
+ou vendê-las quando quiser.
+
+100
+00:03:40.688 --> 00:03:42.714
+E a Liberdade 3 é similar
+
+101
+00:03:42.815 --> 00:03:44.726
+mas é aplicada nas versões modificadas:
+
+102
+00:03:44.572 --> 00:03:46.026
+você é livre para fazer cópias
+
+103
+00:03:46.142 --> 00:03:47.554
+e distribuí-las ou vendê-las
+
+104
+00:03:47.569 --> 00:03:48.679
+quando quiser.
+
+105
+00:03:48.780 --> 00:03:50.695
+Então, se tivermos essas liberdades,
+
+106
+00:03:50.745 --> 00:03:51.897
+então é software livre:
+
+107
+00:03:51.939 --> 00:03:53.348
+os usuários controlam o programa.
+
+108
+00:03:53.437 --> 00:03:55.849
+Mas se alguma dessas liberdades estiver faltando,
+
+109
+00:03:55.946 --> 00:03:59.071
+então os usuários não controlam o programa,
+
+110
+00:03:59.223 --> 00:04:01.234
+ao contrário, o programa controla os usuários,
+
+111
+00:04:01.352 --> 00:04:04.581
+e o desenvolvedor controla o programa.
+
+112
+00:04:04.773 --> 00:04:07.382
+Isto significa que o programa é
+
+113
+00:04:07.523 --> 00:04:09.739
+um instrumento de poder injusto,
+
+114
+00:04:09.859 --> 00:04:13.783
+poder do desenvolvedor sobre os usuários.
+
+115
+00:04:13.952 --> 00:04:16.877
+Isto significa que
+os usuários não têm liberdade.
+
+116
+00:04:16.949 --> 00:04:19.869
+É software proprietário, não-livre,
+
+117
+00:04:19.820 --> 00:04:20.928
+que temos que eliminar.
+
+118
+00:04:20.986 --> 00:04:22.790
+Bem, quando você tem
+
+119
+00:04:22.826 --> 00:04:24.337
+software proprietário, o que acontece?
+
+120
+00:04:24.608 --> 00:04:27.929
+Algumas vezes
+o programa recolhe informações sobre o usuário,
+
+121
+00:04:28.036 --> 00:04:31.059
+algumas vezes ele rastreia o usuário,
+
+122
+00:04:31.581 --> 00:04:34.902
+algumas vezes ele restringe o usuário
+
+123
+00:04:35.143 --> 00:04:37.663
+---impede os usuários
+de fazerem o que eles querem fazer.
+
+124
+00:04:37.837 --> 00:04:40.657
+Você pode ver que o Raio Azul é seu inimigo.
+(trocadilho com o nome da mídia ótica)
+
+125
+00:04:41.245 --> 00:04:45.274
+Algumas vezes
+o software apaga livros, remotamente,
+
+126
+00:04:45.409 --> 00:04:47.727
+como a Amazon fez com 1984.
+
+127
+00:04:48.636 --> 00:04:52.362
+Uh, algumas vezes o desenvolvedor
+
+128
+00:04:52.647 --> 00:04:57.280
+obriga o usuário a instalar uma atualização danosa,
+
+129
+00:04:57.759 --> 00:05:00.679
+ameaçando
+retirar alguma outra funcionalidade
+
+130
+00:05:00.968 --> 00:05:04.189
+se não for instalado, como a Sony fez.
+
+131
+00:05:04.279 --> 00:05:05.715
+E algumas vezes eles podem até
+
+132
+00:05:05.802 --> 00:05:07.510
+forçar uma alteração no software
+
+133
+00:05:07.646 --> 00:05:08.866
+a distância,
+
+134
+00:05:08.970 --> 00:05:11.181
+como a Microsoft pode fazer com o Windows,
+
+135
+00:05:11.253 --> 00:05:13.172
+através da backdoor universal ("porta dos fundos").
+
+136
+00:05:13.283 --> 00:05:17.606
+Então, algumas vezes eles até sabotam os usuários,
+
+137
+00:05:17.851 --> 00:05:20.574
+como a Microsoft faz quando informa a NSA
+
+138
+00:05:20.851 --> 00:05:22.862
+sobre defeitos no Windows,
+
+139
+00:05:23.141 --> 00:05:24.091
+de forma que ela pode usá-los
+
+140
+00:05:24.104 --> 00:05:25.616
+para atacar os computadores das pessoas.
+
+141
+00:05:25.928 --> 00:05:28.143
+Bem, o que você tem, basicamente,
+
+142
+00:05:28.177 --> 00:05:30.205
+com software proprietário,
+
+143
+00:05:30.302 --> 00:05:32.820
+o proprietário tem poder sobre os usuários,
+
+144
+00:05:33.024 --> 00:05:35.441
+e tira vantagem deste poder,
+
+145
+00:05:35.624 --> 00:05:39.028
+inserindo
+essas várias funcionalidades maliciosas,
+
+146
+00:05:39.019 --> 00:05:41.138
+para atingir os usuários.
+
+147
+00:05:41.457 --> 00:05:42.859
+Claro que eles não fazem isso
+
+148
+00:05:42.909 --> 00:05:44.334
+porque são sádicos;
+
+149
+00:05:44.147 --> 00:05:46.865
+eles fazem isso apenas por dinheiro.
+
+150
+00:05:47.229 --> 00:05:50.148
+Eles têm várias formas para poder lucrar
+
+151
+00:05:50.489 --> 00:05:52.802
+a partir deste poder sobre os usuários,
+
+152
+00:05:53.064 --> 00:05:55.187
+o que não os fazem nem um pouco
+
+153
+00:05:55.326 --> 00:05:57.640
+menos maldosos.
+
+154
+00:05:57.683 --> 00:05:59.788
+Mas eles não tem nenhuma vergonha sobre isso:
+
+155
+00:05:59.963 --> 00:06:02.177
+eles têm
+conferências onde eles falam sobre
+
+156
+00:06:02.321 --> 00:06:05.340
+as formas mais
+modernas para tirar vantagem dos usuários
+
+157
+00:06:05.436 --> 00:06:07.452
+através do poder que eles têm.
+
+158
+00:06:08.360 --> 00:06:11.277
+Basicamente, software proprietário...
+
+159
+00:06:11.576 --> 00:06:12.377
+...
+
+160
+00:06:12.497 --> 00:06:15.512
+quase todos os usuários de software proprietário,
+
+161
+00:06:15.454 --> 00:06:17.971
+estão usando malware proprietário;
+
+162
+00:06:18.043 --> 00:06:20.156
+é software para "bobos"
+(pessoas facilmente enganáveis)
+
+163
+00:06:20.532 --> 00:06:23.757
+Então, como parar de ser vítima?
+
+164
+00:06:23.915 --> 00:06:27.389
+Antigamente,
+você teria que parar de usar computadores,
+
+165
+00:06:27.462 --> 00:06:28.569
+hoje não mais.
+
+166
+00:06:28.487 --> 00:06:30.901
+Agora você pode se juntar a nós em um mundo livre
+
+167
+00:06:30.976 --> 00:06:32.615
+que nós construímos.
+
+168
+00:06:33.195 --> 00:06:37.124
+Em 1983, anunciei que desenvolveria
+
+169
+00:06:37.265 --> 00:06:40.031
+um sistema operacional completo, livre,
+
+170
+00:06:40.124 --> 00:06:41.233
+chamado de GNU.
+
+171
+00:06:41.206 --> 00:06:44.933
+Em 1992, ele estava quase pronto
+
+172
+00:06:45.107 --> 00:06:47.823
+mas faltava uma peça, o kernel.
+
+173
+00:06:48.229 --> 00:06:49.557
+Naquele ano, Linus Torvalds
+
+174
+00:06:49.641 --> 00:06:51.652
+liberou seu kernel Linux,
+
+175
+00:06:51.971 --> 00:06:54.390
+preenchendo a última lacuna e nos dando
+
+176
+00:06:54.518 --> 00:06:56.283
+o primeiro sistema completo
+
+177
+00:06:56.366 --> 00:06:57.476
+que você poderia usar em um PC,
+
+178
+00:06:57.448 --> 00:06:59.466
+GNU mais o Linux.
+
+179
+00:06:59.781 --> 00:07:02.107
+Infelizmente,
+
+180
+00:07:02.161 --> 00:07:04.704
+ter liberdade em um ponto
+
+181
+00:07:04.723 --> 00:07:06.131
+não garante que você vai mantê-la.
+
+182
+00:07:06.661 --> 00:07:08.860
+Existem mais de milhares diferentes
+
+183
+00:07:08.909 --> 00:07:11.124
+variantes de GNU/Linux;
+
+184
+00:07:11.145 --> 00:07:12.742
+são chamadas de "distribuições".
+
+185
+00:07:12.936 --> 00:07:15.452
+Poucas delas são totalmente software livre;
+
+186
+00:07:15.862 --> 00:07:18.380
+a maioria delas contêm software não-livre
+
+187
+00:07:18.574 --> 00:07:20.395
+porque são mantidas por pessoas
+
+188
+00:07:20.370 --> 00:07:21.884
+que não estão preocupadas com liberdade.
+
+189
+00:07:22.510 --> 00:07:24.712
+Elas adicionam coisas buscando facilidade...
+
+190
+00:07:24.795 --> 00:07:25.805
+ao custo da liberdade.
+
+191
+00:07:26.244 --> 00:07:29.669
+Então,
+você deve conferir, qual delas é uma distro livre.
+
+192
+00:07:30.080 --> 00:07:33.402
+Manter sua liberdade
+algumas vezes requer sacrifício,
+
+193
+00:07:33.470 --> 00:07:35.077
+algumas vezes um grande sacrifício,
+
+194
+00:07:35.139 --> 00:07:37.053
+como em Lexington.
+(início da luta pela independência dos EUA)
+
+195
+00:07:37.490 --> 00:07:40.106
+Algumas vezes... mas na nossa campanha,
+
+196
+00:07:40.168 --> 00:07:42.583
+eles tendem a ser pequenos sacrifícios:
+
+197
+00:07:43.883 --> 00:07:45.751
+qualquer pessoa com um pouco de maturidade
+
+198
+00:07:45.796 --> 00:07:47.303
+pode fazer estes sacrifícios.
+
+199
+00:07:47.855 --> 00:07:50.273
+Por exemplo, você quer aplicações,
+
+200
+00:07:50.645 --> 00:07:51.941
+mas algumas delas não são livres:
+
+201
+00:07:52.009 --> 00:07:53.217
+se você quer liberdade,
+
+202
+00:07:53.508 --> 00:07:55.116
+você precisa se virar sem elas.
+
+203
+00:07:55.160 --> 00:07:57.345
+Vão existir alguns inconvenientes
+
+204
+00:07:57.427 --> 00:07:58.534
+que você vai sofrer
+
+205
+00:07:58.965 --> 00:08:00.370
+para defender sua liberdade.
+
+206
+00:08:00.868 --> 00:08:05.302
+Vários Web Sites enviam programas não-livres,
+
+207
+00:08:05.545 --> 00:08:08.461
+escritos em Javascript, para o navegador do usuário;
+
+208
+00:08:08.808 --> 00:08:10.818
+se você não quer executar programas não-livres,
+
+209
+00:08:10.858 --> 00:08:13.073
+você deve instalar a LibreJS,
+
+210
+00:08:13.231 --> 00:08:17.058
+que bloqueia, mantém fora, Javascript não-livre.
+
+211
+00:08:17.228 --> 00:08:19.321
+E algumas vezes servidores
+
+212
+00:08:19.361 --> 00:08:21.475
+se oferecerem para realizar seu processamento;
+
+213
+00:08:21.800 --> 00:08:23.711
+eles dizem, "Nos envie todos os seus dados"
+
+214
+00:08:23.812 --> 00:08:25.625
+---obviamente para "bobos"---
+
+215
+00:08:25.694 --> 00:08:27.741
+e então o servidor realiza o processamento
+
+216
+00:08:27.811 --> 00:08:29.220
+e te envia de volta os resultados,
+
+217
+00:08:30.036 --> 00:08:30.926
+mas não se espera que você
+
+218
+00:08:30.935 --> 00:08:32.247
+pense sobre o que está acontecendo,
+
+219
+00:08:32.577 --> 00:08:33.663
+"porque é a nuvem!"
+
+220
+00:08:33.861 --> 00:08:36.683
+e você não vê o que está acontecendo.
+
+221
+00:08:36.996 --> 00:08:38.302
+Bem, você deveria ver!
+
+222
+00:08:38.476 --> 00:08:39.397
+É software como...
+
+223
+00:08:39.494 --> 00:08:41.614
+É um Serviço como Substituto de Software
+
+224
+00:08:41.849 --> 00:08:44.871
+e ele retira seu controle sobre seu processamento.
+
+225
+00:08:45.527 --> 00:08:49.857
+Então, grande parte
+dos servidores Web do mundo
+
+226
+00:08:50.032 --> 00:08:52.645
+estão executando
+GNU/Linux ou algum outro software livre,
+
+227
+00:08:53.018 --> 00:08:55.191
+mas eu penso
+que os computadores mais importantes
+
+228
+00:08:55.265 --> 00:08:56.167
+para se colocar liberdade
+
+229
+00:08:56.399 --> 00:08:58.111
+são os SEUS computadores,
+
+230
+00:08:58.209 --> 00:09:00.422
+não os servidores Web das companhias.
+
+231
+00:09:00.485 --> 00:09:01.994
+Eles necessitam de liberdade também,
+
+232
+00:09:02.075 --> 00:09:03.584
+mas, acima de tudo,
+
+233
+00:09:03.651 --> 00:09:05.666
+são as pessoas que necessitam de liberdade.
+
+234
+00:09:05.864 --> 00:09:08.379
+Então nós precisamos avançar,
+
+235
+00:09:08.508 --> 00:09:10.019
+e para fazer isso, nós
+
+236
+00:09:10.089 --> 00:09:12.005
+precisamos atravessar alguns obstáculos:
+
+237
+00:09:12.050 --> 00:09:13.258
+Um deles é que
+
+238
+00:09:13.413 --> 00:09:14.214
+existem grandes companhias
+
+239
+00:09:14.246 --> 00:09:15.355
+que ganham muito dinheiro
+
+240
+00:09:15.405 --> 00:09:17.422
+através deste controle sobre os usuários,
+
+241
+00:09:17.491 --> 00:09:19.104
+e eles não querem nos deixar avançar.
+
+242
+00:09:19.222 --> 00:09:21.941
+Nós temos que superar a oposição delas.
+
+243
+00:09:22.135 --> 00:09:25.156
+Outra é que a grande mídia
+
+244
+00:09:25.294 --> 00:09:26.802
+não fala sobre software livre;
+
+245
+00:09:26.849 --> 00:09:28.686
+eles têm um termo, que usam
+
+246
+00:09:28.764 --> 00:09:31.683
+para esconder essas questões éticas:
+
+247
+00:09:31.628 --> 00:09:34.350
+eles falam,
+alternativamente, em "código aberto" (open source).
+
+248
+00:09:34.630 --> 00:09:37.429
+Falam, mais ou menos, sobre
+
+249
+00:09:37.440 --> 00:09:38.544
+os mesmos programas,
+
+250
+00:09:38.715 --> 00:09:40.527
+mas com ideias diferentes.
+
+251
+00:09:40.680 --> 00:09:43.003
+Onde ativistas do software livre falam,
+
+252
+00:09:43.151 --> 00:09:44.868
+"Isto é uma questão de certo e errado;
+
+253
+00:09:45.132 --> 00:09:46.421
+usuários necessitam de liberdade,
+
+254
+00:09:46.656 --> 00:09:47.460
+nós necessitamos de liberdade,"
+
+255
+00:09:47.643 --> 00:09:48.961
+as pessoas que falam "código aberto,"
+
+256
+00:09:49.175 --> 00:09:49.984
+elas não querem falar sobre isso.
+
+257
+00:09:50.440 --> 00:09:51.553
+Ao invés disso eles falam,
+
+258
+00:09:51.727 --> 00:09:55.259
+"Deixem os usuários
+modificarem o software e redistribuírem ele
+
+259
+00:09:55.432 --> 00:09:57.194
+e eles vão tornar o código melhor,
+
+260
+00:09:57.248 --> 00:09:58.354
+eles irão consertar alguns defeitos."
+
+261
+00:09:58.639 --> 00:10:00.958
+Pode até ser verdade,
+mas é uma questão de menor importância.
+
+262
+00:10:01.230 --> 00:10:02.786
+Se queremos manter nossa liberdade,
+
+263
+00:10:02.857 --> 00:10:04.266
+temos que falar sobre nossa liberdade,
+
+264
+00:10:04.530 --> 00:10:06.162
+então fale "software livre"
+
+265
+00:10:06.260 --> 00:10:07.771
+e você está nos ajudando sempre.
+
+266
+00:10:07.880 --> 00:10:10.169
+Outro obstáculo é que muitas escolas
+
+267
+00:10:10.235 --> 00:10:11.753
+ensinam software não-livre,
+
+268
+00:10:11.988 --> 00:10:14.545
+o que é,
+basicamente, como ensinar as crianças
+
+269
+00:10:14.580 --> 00:10:15.489
+a fumar cigarros.
+
+270
+00:10:15.603 --> 00:10:17.619
+É implantar a dependência,
+
+271
+00:10:17.808 --> 00:10:19.825
+o que é o oposto ao que as escolas devem fazer.
+
+272
+00:10:19.947 --> 00:10:24.663
+Uma escola deve preparar cidadãos para viver
+
+273
+00:10:25.489 --> 00:10:27.777
+numa sociedade forte, capaz, independente,
+
+274
+00:10:27.796 --> 00:10:30.213
+cooperativa e livre,
+
+275
+00:10:30.785 --> 00:10:33.707
+e isto significa
+ensinar software livre nas escolas.
+
+276
+00:10:33.979 --> 00:10:35.954
+Mas existe outra razão para fazer isso:
+
+277
+00:10:35.978 --> 00:10:36.785
+pela educação.
+
+278
+00:10:37.287 --> 00:10:39.104
+Algumas crianças querem se tornar programadores,
+
+279
+00:10:39.178 --> 00:10:39.984
+elas são curiosas,
+
+280
+00:10:40.289 --> 00:10:42.105
+elas querem saber como os programas funcionam.
+
+281
+00:10:42.194 --> 00:10:43.914
+Bem, aquela que estuda usando software livre
+
+282
+00:10:43.967 --> 00:10:44.873
+pode entender o software;
+
+283
+00:10:45.119 --> 00:10:47.233
+aquele que estuda um programa não-livre
+
+284
+00:10:47.321 --> 00:10:48.633
+não consegue aprender nada,
+
+285
+00:10:48.937 --> 00:10:52.471
+porque o conhecimento no programa não-livre
+
+286
+00:10:52.551 --> 00:10:53.658
+está escondido,
+
+287
+00:10:53.950 --> 00:10:55.861
+proibido para os estudantes.
+
+288
+00:10:56.143 --> 00:10:58.260
+Então, para defender o espírito da educação,
+
+289
+00:10:58.440 --> 00:11:00.760
+a escola
+deve assegurar que seus programas são livres.
+
+290
+00:11:00.959 --> 00:11:02.974
+Mas existe uma razão ainda mais importante:
+
+291
+00:11:03.156 --> 00:11:06.183
+escolas devem ensinar o espírito da boa vontade,
+
+292
+00:11:06.460 --> 00:11:08.475
+o hábito de ajudar outras pessoas.
+
+293
+00:11:08.666 --> 00:11:10.382
+Então a classe deve dizer,
+
+294
+00:11:10.562 --> 00:11:12.785
+"Se você trouxer um programa para usar em classe,
+
+295
+00:11:12.822 --> 00:11:15.039
+tal como se você trouxer biscoitos para a classe,
+
+296
+00:11:15.277 --> 00:11:17.294
+você terá que compartilhá-lo com todo mundo;
+
+297
+00:11:17.557 --> 00:11:18.970
+você não pode mantê-lo apenas para você mesmo;
+
+298
+00:11:19.019 --> 00:11:20.835
+você deve compartilhar o código-fonte,
+
+299
+00:11:20.949 --> 00:11:23.068
+para que outras pessoas possam aprender.
+
+300
+00:11:23.251 --> 00:11:24.356
+Então, não traga nenhum
+
+301
+00:11:24.546 --> 00:11:25.956
+software proprietário para esta classe."
+
+302
+00:11:26.336 --> 00:11:29.259
+A escola tem que dar um bom exemplo
+
+303
+00:11:29.458 --> 00:11:31.777
+seguindo sua própria regra;
+
+304
+00:11:31.864 --> 00:11:34.081
+só deve trazer apenas software livre para a classe,
+
+305
+00:11:34.198 --> 00:11:37.524
+a não ser como um exercício de engenharia reversa.
+
+306
+00:11:39.284 --> 00:11:40.992
+Outro obstáculo é que existe hardware
+
+307
+00:11:41.117 --> 00:11:43.535
+que não sabemos
+como escrever software para ele,
+
+308
+00:11:44.013 --> 00:11:46.534
+porque
+eles não dizem pra gente como usar o hardware.
+
+309
+00:11:46.550 --> 00:11:48.200
+Isto é um absurdo!
+
+310
+00:11:48.318 --> 00:11:49.830
+Eles querem te vender o produto,
+
+311
+00:11:49.932 --> 00:11:51.643
+e não querem dizer como você pode usá-lo.
+
+312
+00:11:51.928 --> 00:11:54.851
+Eles dizem, "Aqui está um programa não-livre,
+
+313
+00:11:55.023 --> 00:11:57.646
+execute ele e cale a boca, não nos incomode."
+
+314
+00:11:59.065 --> 00:12:00.696
+Bem, como conseguimos saber
+
+315
+00:12:00.781 --> 00:12:01.885
+como usar aquele hardware?
+
+316
+00:12:02.029 --> 00:12:03.368
+Com engenharia reversa.
+
+317
+00:12:03.529 --> 00:12:05.647
+Você deve estudar todos aqueles 0's e 1's
+
+318
+00:12:05.690 --> 00:12:07.809
+para entender o que eles realmente fazem
+
+319
+00:12:08.109 --> 00:12:10.928
+e descrever como usar aquele hardware
+
+320
+00:12:10.978 --> 00:12:12.239
+para que alguma outra pessoa possa escrever
+
+321
+00:12:12.307 --> 00:12:13.515
+um programa livre que funcione com ele.
+
+322
+00:12:13.761 --> 00:12:16.281
+É trabalho difícil, mas pode ser feito.
+
+323
+00:12:16.356 --> 00:12:17.145
+Se você quer dar
+
+324
+00:12:17.172 --> 00:12:18.482
+uma contribuição técnica grande,
+
+325
+00:12:18.631 --> 00:12:20.699
+é isto que você deve fazer.
+
+326
+00:12:20.834 --> 00:12:22.350
+Cada nova área,
+
+327
+00:12:23.044 --> 00:12:24.051
+de atividade da vida,
+
+328
+00:12:24.240 --> 00:12:26.571
+traz com ela novos direitos humanos
+
+329
+00:12:26.672 --> 00:12:27.880
+que são necessários.
+
+330
+00:12:28.178 --> 00:12:30.702
+E os direitos humanos dependem uns dos outros:
+
+331
+00:12:31.068 --> 00:12:33.325
+se você perde um, torna-se mais difícil
+
+332
+00:12:33.347 --> 00:12:34.550
+manter os outros.
+
+333
+00:12:35.129 --> 00:12:38.954
+Então, hoje em dia,
+computação é tão importante na sociedade
+
+334
+00:12:39.185 --> 00:12:41.198
+que as liberdades do software livre
+
+335
+00:12:41.364 --> 00:12:43.283
+estão entre os direitos humanos
+
+336
+00:12:43.410 --> 00:12:46.330
+que a sociedade deve estabelecer e proteger.
+
+337
+00:12:46.515 --> 00:12:49.134
+Então, como ajudar?
+
+338
+00:12:49.640 --> 00:12:50.949
+Bem, você pode escrever software livre.
+
+339
+00:12:51.248 --> 00:12:52.756
+Você pode organizar grupos
+
+340
+00:12:52.777 --> 00:12:56.300
+para fazer campanha
+e persuadir escolas e governos
+
+341
+00:12:56.464 --> 00:12:57.263
+a migrarem para software livre.
+
+342
+00:12:57.440 --> 00:12:59.045
+Você pode ajudar outras pessoas
+
+343
+00:12:59.172 --> 00:13:00.887
+quando elas tiverem
+algum problema no uso de software livre.
+
+344
+00:13:01.277 --> 00:13:02.588
+Ou pode ajudá-las na instalação.
+
+345
+00:13:02.885 --> 00:13:05.298
+Você pode dizer "software livre"
+
+346
+00:13:05.456 --> 00:13:07.229
+e espalhar as ideias filosóficas.
+
+347
+00:13:08.161 --> 00:13:10.499
+Migrar para software livre é o primeiro passo
+
+348
+00:13:10.583 --> 00:13:12.797
+na libertação do cyberspace.
+
+349
+00:13:12.898 --> 00:13:14.810
+Mas, é claro, nós também usamos a Internet;
+
+350
+00:13:14.950 --> 00:13:16.466
+nós precisamos de outras liberdades lá,
+
+351
+00:13:16.597 --> 00:13:18.212
+tal como neutralidade de rede
+
+352
+00:13:18.393 --> 00:13:21.720
+e colocando um fim na vigilância
+
+353
+00:13:21.819 --> 00:13:23.633
+das pessoas em geral.
+