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From: |
GNUN |
Subject: |
www/philosophy free-sw.uk.html po/android-and-u... |
Date: |
Fri, 1 Apr 2022 15:59:50 -0400 (EDT) |
CVSROOT: /web/www
Module name: www
Changes by: GNUN <gnun> 22/04/01 15:59:50
Modified files:
philosophy : free-sw.uk.html
philosophy/po : android-and-users-freedom.translist
android-and-users-freedom.uk.po
free-sw.uk-diff.html free-sw.uk.po
Added files:
philosophy : android-and-users-freedom.uk.html
philosophy/po : android-and-users-freedom.uk-en.html
Log message:
Automatic update by GNUnited Nations.
CVSWeb URLs:
http://web.cvs.savannah.gnu.org/viewcvs/www/philosophy/free-sw.uk.html?cvsroot=www&r1=1.35&r2=1.36
http://web.cvs.savannah.gnu.org/viewcvs/www/philosophy/android-and-users-freedom.uk.html?cvsroot=www&rev=1.1
http://web.cvs.savannah.gnu.org/viewcvs/www/philosophy/po/android-and-users-freedom.translist?cvsroot=www&r1=1.21&r2=1.22
http://web.cvs.savannah.gnu.org/viewcvs/www/philosophy/po/android-and-users-freedom.uk.po?cvsroot=www&r1=1.1&r2=1.2
http://web.cvs.savannah.gnu.org/viewcvs/www/philosophy/po/free-sw.uk-diff.html?cvsroot=www&r1=1.21&r2=1.22
http://web.cvs.savannah.gnu.org/viewcvs/www/philosophy/po/free-sw.uk.po?cvsroot=www&r1=1.85&r2=1.86
http://web.cvs.savannah.gnu.org/viewcvs/www/philosophy/po/android-and-users-freedom.uk-en.html?cvsroot=www&rev=1.1
Patches:
Index: free-sw.uk.html
===================================================================
RCS file: /web/www/www/philosophy/free-sw.uk.html,v
retrieving revision 1.35
retrieving revision 1.36
diff -u -b -r1.35 -r1.36
--- free-sw.uk.html 29 Jul 2019 21:58:37 -0000 1.35
+++ free-sw.uk.html 1 Apr 2022 19:59:49 -0000 1.36
@@ -3,7 +3,7 @@
https://www.gnu.org/philosophy/po/free-sw.uk.po</a>'
--><!--#set var="ORIGINAL_FILE" value="/philosophy/free-sw.html"
--><!--#set var="DIFF_FILE" value="/philosophy/po/free-sw.uk-diff.html"
- --><!--#set var="OUTDATED_SINCE" value="2019-03-20" -->
+ --><!--#set var="OUTDATED_SINCE" value="2021-10-11" -->
<!--#include virtual="/server/header.uk.html" -->
<!-- Parent-Version: 1.86 -->
@@ -673,7 +673,7 @@
<p class="unprintable"><!-- timestamp start -->
Ðновлено:
-$Date: 2019/07/29 21:58:37 $
+$Date: 2022/04/01 19:59:49 $
<!-- timestamp end -->
</p>
Index: po/android-and-users-freedom.translist
===================================================================
RCS file: /web/www/www/philosophy/po/android-and-users-freedom.translist,v
retrieving revision 1.21
retrieving revision 1.22
diff -u -b -r1.21 -r1.22
--- po/android-and-users-freedom.translist 17 Jun 2020 09:00:27 -0000
1.21
+++ po/android-and-users-freedom.translist 1 Apr 2022 19:59:49 -0000
1.22
@@ -11,6 +11,7 @@
<span dir="ltr">[pl] <a lang="pl" hreflang="pl"
href="/philosophy/android-and-users-freedom.pl.html">polski</a> </span>
<span dir="ltr">[ru] <a lang="ru" hreflang="ru"
href="/philosophy/android-and-users-freedom.ru.html">ÑÑÑÑкий</a>
</span>
<span dir="ltr">[tr] <a lang="tr" hreflang="tr"
href="/philosophy/android-and-users-freedom.tr.html">Türkçe</a> </span>
+<span dir="ltr">[uk] <a lang="uk" hreflang="uk"
href="/philosophy/android-and-users-freedom.uk.html">ÑкÑаÑнÑÑка</a>
</span>
<span dir="ltr">[zh-cn] <a lang="zh-cn" hreflang="zh-cn"
href="/philosophy/android-and-users-freedom.zh-cn.html">ç®ä½ä¸æ</a>
</span>
</p>
</div>' -->
@@ -24,5 +25,6 @@
<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" lang="pl" hreflang="pl"
href="/philosophy/android-and-users-freedom.pl.html" title="polski" />
<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" lang="ru" hreflang="ru"
href="/philosophy/android-and-users-freedom.ru.html" title="ÑÑÑÑкий" />
<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" lang="tr" hreflang="tr"
href="/philosophy/android-and-users-freedom.tr.html" title="Türkçe" />
+<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" lang="uk" hreflang="uk"
href="/philosophy/android-and-users-freedom.uk.html"
title="ÑкÑаÑнÑÑка" />
<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" lang="zh-cn" hreflang="zh-cn"
href="/philosophy/android-and-users-freedom.zh-cn.html" title="ç®ä½ä¸æ" />
<!-- end translist file -->
Index: po/android-and-users-freedom.uk.po
===================================================================
RCS file: /web/www/www/philosophy/po/android-and-users-freedom.uk.po,v
retrieving revision 1.1
retrieving revision 1.2
diff -u -b -r1.1 -r1.2
--- po/android-and-users-freedom.uk.po 1 Apr 2022 19:46:55 -0000 1.1
+++ po/android-and-users-freedom.uk.po 1 Apr 2022 19:59:49 -0000 1.2
@@ -15,15 +15,15 @@
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"Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8\n"
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-"Plural-Forms: nplurals=3; plural=(n%10==1 && n%100!=11 ? 0 : n%10>=2 && n%10<"
-"=4 && (n%100<10 || n%100>=20) ? 1 : 2);\n"
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"X-Generator: Lokalize 19.12.3\n"
#. type: Content of: <title>
msgid "Android and Users' Freedom - GNU Project - Free Software Foundation"
msgstr ""
-"Android Ñ ÐºÐ¾ÑиÑÑÑваÑÑка Ñвобода â ÐÑоÑÐºÑ GNU â
"
-"Фонд вÑлÑного пÑогÑамного забезпеÑеннÑ"
+"Android Ñ ÐºÐ¾ÑиÑÑÑваÑÑка Ñвобода â ÐÑоÑÐºÑ GNU â
Фонд вÑлÑного пÑогÑамного "
+"забезпеÑеннÑ"
#. type: Content of: <div><h2>
msgid "Android and Users' Freedom"
@@ -40,8 +40,8 @@
"any software system."
msgstr ""
"ÐаÑкÑлÑки Android Ð¿Ð¾Ð²Ð°Ð¶Ð°Ñ ÑÐ²Ð¾Ð±Ð¾Ð´Ñ ÑиÑ
, Ñ
Ñо
ним коÑиÑÑÑÑÑÑÑÑ? ЯкÑо ви "
-"коÑиÑÑÑÑÑеÑÑ ÐºÐ¾Ð¼Ð¿'ÑÑеÑами й ÑÑнÑÑÑе
ÑвободÑ, Ñе найважливÑÑе пиÑаннÑ, "
-"Ñке вам ваÑÑо ÑÑавиÑи пеÑед бÑдÑ-ÑкоÑ
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+"коÑиÑÑÑÑÑеÑÑ ÐºÐ¾Ð¼Ð¿'ÑÑеÑами й ÑÑнÑÑÑе
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+"вам ваÑÑо ÑÑавиÑи пеÑед бÑдÑ-ÑкоÑ
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#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
@@ -49,21 +49,20 @@
"develop software that respects users' freedom, so we and you can escape from "
"software that doesn't. By contrast, the idea of “open source” "
"focuses on how to develop code; it is a different current of thought whose "
-"principal value is <a "
-"href=\"/philosophy/open-source-misses-the-point.html\">code quality rather "
-"than freedom</a>. Thus, the concern here is not whether Android is “<a "
-"href=\"/philosophy/free-open-overlap.html\">open</a>,” but whether it "
-"allows users to be free."
+"principal value is <a href=\"/philosophy/open-source-misses-the-point.html"
+"\">code quality rather than freedom</a>. Thus, the concern here is not "
+"whether Android is “<a href=\"/philosophy/free-open-overlap.html"
+"\">open</a>,” but whether it allows users to be free."
msgstr ""
"Ðи Ñк <a href=\"https://fsf.org\">ÑÑÑ
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-"ÑозÑоблÑÑмо пÑогÑамне забезпеÑÐµÐ½Ð½Ñ Ð·
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-"Ñоб Ñ Ð¼Ð¸, Ñ Ð²Ð¸ могли вÑÑÑÑваÑиÑÑ Ð²Ñд Ñого
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-"Ñке ÑÑ
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+"ÑозÑоблÑÑмо пÑогÑамне забезпеÑÐµÐ½Ð½Ñ Ð·
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+"Ñ Ð¼Ð¸, Ñ Ð²Ð¸ могли вÑÑÑÑваÑиÑÑ Ð²Ñд Ñого
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+"доÑÑимÑÑÑÑÑÑ. ÐаÑомÑÑÑÑ ÑÐ´ÐµÑ Â«Ð²ÑдкÑиÑого
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#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
@@ -71,93 +70,91 @@
"devices, which consists of Linux (Torvalds' kernel), some libraries, a Java "
"platform and some applications. Linux aside, the software of Android "
"versions 1 and 2 was mostly developed by Google; Google released it under "
-"the Apache 2.0 license, which is a lax free software license without <a "
-"href=\"/licenses/copyleft.html\">copyleft</a>."
+"the Apache 2.0 license, which is a lax free software license without <a href="
+"\"/licenses/copyleft.html\">copyleft</a>."
msgstr ""
-"Android â Ñе опеÑаÑÑйна ÑиÑÑема наÑампеÑед
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+"вÑлÑного пÑогÑамного забезпеÑÐµÐ½Ð½Ñ Ð±ÐµÐ· <a
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#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"The version of Linux included in Android is not entirely free software, "
"since it contains nonfree “binary blobs” (just like Torvalds' "
-"version of Linux), some of which are really used in some Android "
-"devices. Android platforms use other nonfree firmware, too, and nonfree "
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+"version of Linux), some of which are really used in some Android devices. "
+"Android platforms use other nonfree firmware, too, and nonfree libraries. "
+"Aside from those, the source code of Android versions 1 and 2, as released "
+"by Google, is free software—but this code is insufficient to run the "
+"device. Some of the applications that generally come with Android are "
+"nonfree, too."
msgstr ""
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#. type: Content of: <div><div><p>
msgid ""
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msgstr ""
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#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
-"Android is very different from the <a "
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-"between Android and GNU/Linux is Linux, the kernel. People who erroneously "
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-"“Android contains Linux, but it isn't Linux.”(<a "
-"href=\"#linuxnote\">1</a>) Absent this confusion, the situation is simple: "
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-msgstr ""
-"Android ÑÑÑÑÑво вÑдÑÑзнÑÑÑÑÑÑ Ð²Ñд <a "
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+"Android is very different from the <a href=\"/gnu/thegnuproject.html\">GNU/"
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+"Linux, the kernel. People who erroneously think “Linux” refers "
+"to the entire GNU/Linux combination get tied in knots by these facts, and "
+"make paradoxical statements such as “Android contains Linux, but it "
+"isn't Linux.”(<a href=\"#linuxnote\">1</a>) Absent this confusion, the "
+"situation is simple: Android contains Linux, but not GNU; thus, Android and "
+"GNU/Linux are mostly different, because all they have in common is Linux."
+msgstr ""
+"Android ÑÑÑÑÑво вÑдÑÑзнÑÑÑÑÑÑ Ð²Ñд <a
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#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"Within Android, Linux the kernel remains a separate program, with its source "
"code under <a href=\"/licenses/gpl-2.0.html\">GNU GPL version 2</a>. To "
"combine Linux with code under the Apache 2.0 license would be copyright "
-"infringement, since GPL version 2 and Apache 2.0 are <a "
-"href=\"/licenses/license-list.html#apache2\">incompatible</a>. Rumors that "
-"Google has somehow converted Linux to the Apache license are erroneous; "
-"Google has no power to change the license on the code of Linux, and did not "
-"try. If the authors of Linux allowed its use under <a "
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-"combined with Apache-licensed code, and the combination could be released "
-"under GPL version 3. But Linux has not been released that way."
+"infringement, since GPL version 2 and Apache 2.0 are <a href=\"/licenses/"
+"license-list.html#apache2\">incompatible</a>. Rumors that Google has "
+"somehow converted Linux to the Apache license are erroneous; Google has no "
+"power to change the license on the code of Linux, and did not try. If the "
+"authors of Linux allowed its use under <a href=\"/licenses/gpl.html\">GPL "
+"version 3</a>, then that code could be combined with Apache-licensed code, "
+"and the combination could be released under GPL version 3. But Linux has not "
+"been released that way."
msgstr ""
"У межаÑ
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-"ÑÑого ÑобиÑи. Якби авÑоÑки й авÑоÑи Linux
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#. type: Content of: <div><p>
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#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"Unfortunately, in this case it would be a malicious circuit. Malicious "
"features are unacceptable no matter how they are implemented."
msgstr ""
-"Ðа жалÑ, Ñ ÑÑÐ¾Ð¼Ñ Ð²Ð¸Ð¿Ð°Ð´ÐºÑ Ð¹Ð´ÐµÑÑÑÑ Ð¿Ñо
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#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
@@ -411,11 +400,10 @@
"device. The point of free software is that we have control of our software "
"and our computing; a system with a back door doesn't qualify. While any "
"computing system might <em>have</em> bugs, these devices can <em>be</em> "
-"bugs. (Craig Murray, in <a "
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-"remotely converted an unsuspecting target's non-Android portable phone into "
-"a listening device.)"
+"bugs. (Craig Murray, in <a href=\"https://www.theguardian.com/books/2006/"
+"aug/12/politics\">Murder in Samarkand</a>, relates his involvement in an "
+"intelligence operation that remotely converted an unsuspecting target's non-"
+"Android portable phone into a listening device.)"
msgstr ""
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#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
@@ -440,8 +428,8 @@
"versions and this is actually done. Since it is proprietary firmware, in "
"practice only the manufacturer can make new versions—users can't."
msgstr ""
-"Хай Ñам Ñк, але вбÑÐ´Ð¾Ð²Ð°Ð½Ñ Ð² Android-ÑелеÑон
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@@ -457,11 +445,11 @@
msgstr ""
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+"конÑÑÐ¾Ð»Ñ Ð½Ð°Ð´ головним комп'ÑÑеÑом; Ñ Ð²Ð¾Ð½Ð¾
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#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
@@ -470,16 +458,14 @@
"development kit” (SDK) appear to be free, but it is hard work to check "
"this. The definition files for certain Google APIs are nonfree. Installing "
"the SDK requires signing a proprietary software license, which you should "
-"refuse to sign. <a "
-"href=\"https://redmine.replicant.us/projects/replicant/wiki/ReplicantSDK\"> "
-"Replicant's SDK</a> is a free replacement."
+"refuse to sign. <a href=\"https://redmine.replicant.us/projects/replicant/"
+"wiki/ReplicantSDK\"> Replicant's SDK</a> is a free replacement."
msgstr ""
-"Android не Ñ ÑамовÑдÑвоÑÑÐ²Ð°Ð½Ð¾Ñ ÑиÑÑемоÑ;
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+"Android не Ñ ÑамовÑдÑвоÑÑÐ²Ð°Ð½Ð¾Ñ ÑиÑÑемоÑ;
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+"виглÑдаÑÑÑ Ð²ÑлÑними, але пеÑевÑÑиÑи Ñе â
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@@ -488,17 +474,16 @@
"Recent press coverage of Android focuses on the patent wars. During 20 years "
"of campaigning for the abolition of software patents, we have warned such "
"wars could happen. Software patents could force elimination of features from "
-"Android, or even make it unavailable. See <a "
-"href=\"https://endsoftpatents.org/\">endsoftpatents.org</a> for more "
-"information about why software patents must be abolished."
-msgstr ""
-"ÐÑеÑа згадÑÑ Android Ñ ÐºÐ¾Ð½ÑекÑÑÑ Ð¿Ð°ÑенÑниÑ
вÑйн. Ðа 20 ÑокÑв "
-"кампанÑй за ÑкаÑÑÐ²Ð°Ð½Ð½Ñ Ð¿Ð°ÑенÑÑваннÑ
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+"Android, or even make it unavailable. See <a href=\"https://endsoftpatents."
+"org/\">endsoftpatents.org</a> for more information about why software "
+"patents must be abolished."
+msgstr ""
+"ÐÑеÑа згадÑÑ Android Ñ ÐºÐ¾Ð½ÑекÑÑÑ Ð¿Ð°ÑенÑниÑ
вÑйн. Ðа 20 ÑокÑв кампанÑй за "
+"ÑкаÑÑÐ²Ð°Ð½Ð½Ñ Ð¿Ð°ÑенÑÑÐ²Ð°Ð½Ð½Ñ Ð¿ÑогÑам ми
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плаÑÑоÑÐ¼Ñ Android. ÐеÑеглÑнÑÑе <a href="
+"\"https://endsoftpatents.org/\">endsoftpatents.org</a>, Ñоб
дÑзнаÑиÑÑ Ð±ÑлÑÑе "
+"пÑо Ñе, ÑÐ¾Ð¼Ñ Ð¿Ð°ÑенÑÑÐ²Ð°Ð½Ð½Ñ Ð¿ÑогÑам мÑÑиÑÑ
бÑÑи ÑкаÑовано."
#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
@@ -507,29 +492,29 @@
"ethically system of distribution, and how they fall short. This issue merits "
"the attention of the press too."
msgstr ""
-"ÐÑоÑе паÑенÑÐ½Ñ Ð°Ñаки Ñ Ð²ÑдповÑÐ´Ñ Google лиÑе
опоÑеÑедковано заÑÑпаÑÑÑ "
-"ÑÐµÐ¼Ñ ÑÑÑÑ ÑÑаÑÑÑ: ÑÐ¾Ð¼Ñ Android-виÑоби â
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+"ÐÑоÑе паÑенÑÐ½Ñ Ð°Ñаки Ñ Ð²ÑдповÑÐ´Ñ Google лиÑе
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+"ÑÑÑÑ ÑÑаÑÑÑ: ÑÐ¾Ð¼Ñ Android-виÑоби â ÑаÑÑково (й
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+"поÑиÑÐµÐ½Ð½Ñ Ð¿ÑогÑамного забезпеÑеннÑ. Це
пиÑÐ°Ð½Ð½Ñ Ñакож заÑлÑговÑÑ Ð½Ð° ÑÐ²Ð°Ð³Ñ "
+"пÑеÑи."
#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"Android is a major step towards an ethical, user-controlled, free software "
"portable phone, but there is a long way to go, and Google is taking it in "
-"the wrong direction. Hackers are working on <a "
-"href=\"https://replicant.us/\">Replicant</a>, but it's a big job to support "
-"a new device model, and there remains the problem of the firmware. Even "
-"though the Android phones of today are considerably less bad than Apple or "
-"Windows phones, they cannot be said to respect your freedom."
+"the wrong direction. Hackers are working on <a href=\"https://replicant.us/"
+"\">Replicant</a>, but it's a big job to support a new device model, and "
+"there remains the problem of the firmware. Even though the Android phones of "
+"today are considerably less bad than Apple or Windows phones, they cannot be "
+"said to respect your freedom."
msgstr ""
"Android â великий кÑок до еÑиÑного
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#. type: Content of: <div><h3>
msgid "Footnote"
@@ -537,33 +522,29 @@
#. type: Content of: <div><ol><li>
msgid ""
-"The extreme example of this confusion appears in the site "
-"linuxonandroid.com, which offers help to “install Linux [sic] on your "
-"Android devices.” This is entirely false: what they are installing is "
-"a version of the GNU system, <em>excluding</em> Linux, which is already "
-"present as part of Android. Since that site supports only <a "
-"href=\"/distros/distros.html\">nonfree GNU/Linux distros</a>, we do not "
-"recommend it."
-msgstr ""
-"ÐÑайнÑй випадок ÑÐ°ÐºÐ¾Ñ Ð¿Ð»ÑÑанини можна
побаÑиÑи на ÑайÑÑ "
-"linuxonandroid.com, Ñкий пÑдказÑÑ, Ñк «вÑÑановиÑи
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GNU/Linux</a>, "
+"The extreme example of this confusion appears in the site linuxonandroid."
+"com, which offers help to “install Linux [sic] on your Android devices."
+"” This is entirely false: what they are installing is a version of the "
+"GNU system, <em>excluding</em> Linux, which is already present as part of "
+"Android. Since that site supports only <a href=\"/distros/distros.html"
+"\">nonfree GNU/Linux distros</a>, we do not recommend it."
+msgstr ""
+"ÐÑайнÑй випадок ÑÐ°ÐºÐ¾Ñ Ð¿Ð»ÑÑанини можна
побаÑиÑи на ÑайÑÑ linuxonandroid.com, "
+"Ñкий пÑдказÑÑ, Ñк «вÑÑановиÑи Linux [sic] на
ваÑÑ Android-пÑиÑÑÑоÑ». Це "
+"абÑолÑÑно Ñ
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ÑиÑÑеми GNU â <em>за винÑÑком</em> "
+"ÑдÑа Linux, коÑÑе й Ñак наÑвне в ÑÐºÐ»Ð°Ð´Ñ Android.
ÐÑкÑлÑки ÑÐ°Ð¹Ñ Ð¿ÑдÑÑимÑÑ "
+"лиÑе <a href=\"/distros/distros.html\">невÑлÑнÑ
диÑÑÑибÑÑиви GNU/Linux</a>, "
"ми його не Ñадимо."
#. type: Content of: <div><div>
msgid ""
-"First published in <cite><a "
-"href=\"https://www.guardian.co.uk/technology/2011/sep/19/android-free-software"
-"-stallman\"> "
-"The Guardian</a></cite>."
-msgstr ""
-"ÐпеÑÑе опÑилÑднено в <cite><a "
-"href=\"https://www.guardian.co.uk/technology/2011/sep/19/android-free-software"
-"-stallman\"> "
-"The Guardian</a></cite>."
+"First published in <cite><a href=\"https://www.guardian.co.uk/"
+"technology/2011/sep/19/android-free-software-stallman\"> The Guardian</a></"
+"cite>."
+msgstr ""
+"ÐпеÑÑе опÑилÑднено в <cite><a
href=\"https://www.guardian.co.uk/"
+"technology/2011/sep/19/android-free-software-stallman\"> The Guardian</a></"
+"cite>."
#. TRANSLATORS: Use space (SPC) as msgstr if you don't have notes.
#. type: Content of: <div>
@@ -572,48 +553,44 @@
#. type: Content of: <div><div><p>
msgid ""
-"Please send general FSF & GNU inquiries to <a "
-"href=\"mailto:gnu@gnu.org\"><gnu@gnu.org></a>. There are also <a "
-"href=\"/contact/\">other ways to contact</a> the FSF. Broken links and "
-"other corrections or suggestions can be sent to <a "
-"href=\"mailto:webmasters@gnu.org\"><webmasters@gnu.org></a>."
-msgstr ""
-"ÐагалÑÐ½Ñ Ð·Ð°Ð¿Ð¸Ñи до ÑÐ¾Ð½Ð´Ñ Ñа GNU можеÑе
надÑилаÑи за адÑеÑÐ¾Ñ <a "
-"href=\"mailto:gnu@gnu.org\"><gnu@gnu.org></a>. Рй <a "
-"href=\"/contact/\">ÑнÑÑ ÑпоÑоби зв'ÑзкÑ</a> з Ñондом.
ÐÑо Ñ
Ð¸Ð±Ð½Ñ Ð¿Ð¾ÑÐ¸Ð»Ð°Ð½Ð½Ñ "
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пиÑаÑи за адÑеÑÐ¾Ñ <a "
-"href=\"mailto:webmasters@gnu.org\"><webmasters@gnu.org></a>."
+"Please send general FSF & GNU inquiries to <a href=\"mailto:gnu@gnu.org"
+"\"><gnu@gnu.org></a>. There are also <a href=\"/contact/\">other ways "
+"to contact</a> the FSF. Broken links and other corrections or suggestions "
+"can be sent to <a href=\"mailto:webmasters@gnu.org\"><webmasters@gnu."
+"org></a>."
+msgstr ""
+"ÐагалÑÐ½Ñ Ð·Ð°Ð¿Ð¸Ñи до ÑÐ¾Ð½Ð´Ñ Ñа GNU можеÑе
надÑилаÑи за адÑеÑÐ¾Ñ <a href=\"mailto:"
+"gnu@gnu.org\"><gnu@gnu.org></a>. Рй <a href=\"/contact/\">ÑнÑÑ "
+"ÑпоÑоби зв'ÑзкÑ</a> з Ñондом. ÐÑо Ñ
ибнÑ
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+"пÑопозиÑÑÑ Ð¼Ð¾Ð¶ÐµÑе пиÑаÑи за адÑеÑÐ¾Ñ <a
href=\"mailto:webmasters@gnu.org"
+"\"><webmasters@gnu.org></a>."
+#
+#
+#
#. TRANSLATORS: Ignore the original text in this paragraph,
#. replace it with the translation of these two:
-#
#. We work hard and do our best to provide accurate, good quality
#. translations. However, we are not exempt from imperfection.
#. Please send your comments and general suggestions in this regard
#. to <a href="mailto:web-translators@gnu.org">
-#
#. <web-translators@gnu.org></a>.</p>
-#
#. <p>For information on coordinating and contributing translations of
#. our web pages, see <a
#. href="/server/standards/README.translations.html">Translations
#. README</a>.
#. type: Content of: <div><div><p>
msgid ""
-"Please see the <a "
-"href=\"/server/standards/README.translations.html\">Translations README</a> "
-"for information on coordinating and contributing translations of this "
-"article."
-msgstr ""
-"ÐокладаÑмо вÑÑÑ
зÑÑилÑ, Ñоб пеÑеклад бÑв
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#. type: Content of: <div><p>
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+"This page is licensed under a <a rel=\"license\" href=\"http://"
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Index: po/free-sw.uk-diff.html
===================================================================
RCS file: /web/www/www/philosophy/po/free-sw.uk-diff.html,v
retrieving revision 1.21
retrieving revision 1.22
diff -u -b -r1.21 -r1.22
--- po/free-sw.uk-diff.html 11 Oct 2021 13:04:42 -0000 1.21
+++ po/free-sw.uk-diff.html 1 Apr 2022 19:59:49 -0000 1.22
@@ -843,7 +843,7 @@
<p class="unprintable">Updated:
<!-- timestamp start -->
-$Date: 2021/10/11 13:04:42 $
+$Date: 2022/04/01 19:59:49 $
<!-- timestamp end -->
</p>
</div>
Index: po/free-sw.uk.po
===================================================================
RCS file: /web/www/www/philosophy/po/free-sw.uk.po,v
retrieving revision 1.85
retrieving revision 1.86
diff -u -b -r1.85 -r1.86
--- po/free-sw.uk.po 1 Apr 2022 19:42:38 -0000 1.85
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Index: android-and-users-freedom.uk.html
===================================================================
RCS file: android-and-users-freedom.uk.html
diff -N android-and-users-freedom.uk.html
--- /dev/null 1 Jan 1970 00:00:00 -0000
+++ android-and-users-freedom.uk.html 1 Apr 2022 19:59:49 -0000 1.1
@@ -0,0 +1,346 @@
+<!--#set var="ENGLISH_PAGE"
value="/philosophy/android-and-users-freedom.en.html" -->
+
+<!--#include virtual="/server/header.uk.html" -->
+<!-- Parent-Version: 1.96 -->
+<!-- This page is derived from /server/standards/boilerplate.html -->
+<!--#set var="TAGS" value="essays aboutfs practice" -->
+<!--#set var="DISABLE_TOP_ADDENDUM" value="yes" -->
+
+<!-- This file is automatically generated by GNUnited Nations! -->
+<title>Android Ñ ÐºÐ¾ÑиÑÑÑваÑÑка Ñвобода â ÐÑоÑкÑ
GNU â Фонд вÑлÑного пÑогÑамного
+забезпеÑеннÑ</title>
+
+<!--#include virtual="/philosophy/po/android-and-users-freedom.translist" -->
+<!--#include virtual="/server/banner.uk.html" -->
+<!--#include virtual="/philosophy/ph-breadcrumb.uk.html" -->
+<!--GNUN: OUT-OF-DATE NOTICE-->
+<!--#include virtual="/server/top-addendum.uk.html" -->
+<div class="article reduced-width">
+<h2>Android Ñ ÐºÐ¾ÑиÑÑÑваÑÑка Ñвобода</h2>
+
+<address class="byline">Ð ÑÑаÑд СÑолмен</address>
+
+<p>
+ÐаÑкÑлÑки Android Ð¿Ð¾Ð²Ð°Ð¶Ð°Ñ ÑÐ²Ð¾Ð±Ð¾Ð´Ñ ÑиÑ
, Ñ
Ñо ним
коÑиÑÑÑÑÑÑÑÑ? ЯкÑо ви
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ÑвободÑ, Ñе найважливÑÑе пиÑаннÑ, Ñке
+вам ваÑÑо ÑÑавиÑи пеÑед бÑдÑ-ÑкоÑ
пÑогÑÐ°Ð¼Ð½Ð¾Ñ ÑиÑÑемоÑ.</p>
+
+<p>Ðи Ñк <a href="https://fsf.org">ÑÑÑ
за вÑлÑне
пÑогÑамне забезпеÑеннÑ</a>,
+ÑозÑоблÑÑмо пÑогÑамне забезпеÑÐµÐ½Ð½Ñ Ð·
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Ñвобод, Ñоб
+Ñ Ð¼Ð¸, Ñ Ð²Ð¸ могли вÑÑÑÑваÑиÑÑ Ð²Ñд Ñого
пÑогÑамне забезпеÑеннÑ, Ñке ÑÑ
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кодÑ» зоÑеÑеджÑÑÑÑÑÑ Ð½Ð° меÑодологÑÑ
+ÑозÑобки кодÑ; Ñе ÑнÑа ÑеÑÑÑ Ð¼Ð¸ÑленнÑ, де
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не
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Android «<a
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Ñи залиÑаÑ
+його викоÑиÑÑÐ°Ð½Ð½Ñ Ð½Ð°Ñ Ñ Ð²Ð°Ñ Ð²ÑлÑними.</p>
+
+<p>Android â Ñе опеÑаÑÑйна ÑиÑÑема наÑампеÑед
Ð´Ð»Ñ Ð¼Ð¾Ð±ÑлÑниÑ
ÑелеÑонÑв Ñа ÑнÑиÑ
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пÑд лÑÑензÑÑÑ Apache 2.0
â Ð¿Ð¾Ð±Ð»Ð°Ð¶Ð»Ð¸Ð²Ð¾Ñ Ð»ÑÑензÑÑÑ
+вÑлÑного пÑогÑамного забезпеÑÐµÐ½Ð½Ñ Ð±ÐµÐ· <a
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+
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вÑлÑне пÑогÑамне забезпеÑеннÑ,
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вÑлÑним пÑогÑамним забезпеÑеннÑм â
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+
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+<p>ÐÑдÑÑимайÑе кампанÑÑ <a
+href="https://fsfe.org/activities/android/">«ÐизволÑÑе ÑвÑй
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+
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ÑакÑаÑ
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поÑÐ´Ð½Ð°Ð½Ð½Ñ Ð¼Ð¾Ð¶Ð½Ð° бÑло б випÑÑÑиÑи
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+<p>Google доÑÑималиÑÑ Ð²Ð¸Ð¼Ð¾Ð³Ð¸ ÐагалÑноÑ
гÑомадÑÑÐºÐ¾Ñ Ð»ÑÑензÑÑ GNU Ð´Ð»Ñ Linux, але
+лÑÑензÑÑ Apache ÑеÑÑи Android не вимагаÑ
опÑилÑÐ´Ð½ÐµÐ½Ð½Ñ Ð²Ð¸Ñ
Ñдного кодÑ. Google
+Ñказали, Ñо нÑколи не випÑÑÑÑÑÑ Ð²Ð¸Ñ
Ñдного
ÐºÐ¾Ð´Ñ Android 3.0 (кÑÑм
+Linux). ÐиÑ
Ñдний код Android 3.1 Ñакож бÑло
заÑÑимано, ÑобÑо Android 3, за
+винÑÑком Linux, бÑв пÑоÑÑо невÑлÑним
пÑогÑамним забезпеÑеннÑм.</p>
+
+<p>Google Ñказали, Ñо не випÑÑкаÑÑÑ ÐºÐ¾Ð´Ñ 3.0
ÑеÑез його вади, й Ñо лÑдÑм ÑлÑд
+доÑекаÑиÑÑ Ð½Ð°ÑÑÑпного випÑÑкÑ. Це могло
бÑÑи Ñ
оÑоÑÐ¾Ñ Ð¿Ð¾ÑÐ°Ð´Ð¾Ñ Ð´Ð»Ñ ÑиÑ
, кого
+ÑÑкавиÑÑ Ð¿ÑоÑÑо ÑобоÑа Android, але в ниÑ
бÑло
вÑднÑÑо ÑÐ²Ð¾Ð±Ð¾Ð´Ñ ÑÑ
валиÑи Ñе
+ÑÑÑÐµÐ½Ð½Ñ ÑамоÑÑÑйно. Ð ÑÑ, Ñ
Ñо вмÑÑ
ÑозÑоблÑÑи й допÑаÑÑовÑваÑи, не оÑÑимали
+змоги пеÑенеÑÑи ÑкÑ-небÑÐ´Ñ Ð·Ð¼Ñни до ÑвоÑÑ
веÑÑÑй.</p>
+
+<p>Ðа ÑаÑÑÑ, Google згодом випÑÑÑили виÑ
Ñдний
код Android 3.*, коли випÑÑкали
+веÑÑÑÑ 4 (одÑÐ°Ð·Ñ Ð· виÑ
Ñдним кодом). ÐпиÑана
пÑоблема виÑвилаÑÑ ÑимÑаÑовим
+вÑдÑ
иленнÑм, а не ÑозвоÑоÑом полÑÑики.
ÐÑÑм, Ñе вÑе ж ÑÑалоÑÑ, а оÑже може
+ÑÑаÑиÑÑ Ñ Ð·Ð½Ð¾Ð²Ñ.</p>
+
+<p>Хай Ñам Ñк, виÑ
Ñдний код ÑÑзниÑ
веÑÑÑй
Android бÑло пеÑеважно випÑÑено Ñк
+вÑлÑне пÑогÑамне забезпеÑеннÑ. Чи ознаÑаÑ
Ñе, Ñо виÑоби з викоÑиÑÑаннÑм ÑиÑ
+веÑÑÑй Android поважаÑÑÑ ÐºÐ¾ÑиÑÑÑваÑÑкÑ
ÑвободÑ? ÐÑ â з кÑлÑкоÑ
пÑиÑин.</p>
+
+<p>ÐеÑÑ Ð·Ð° вÑе, бÑлÑÑÑÑÑÑ Ñз ниÑ
мÑÑÑÑÑÑ
невÑлÑÐ½Ñ Ð·Ð°ÑÑоÑÑнки Google Ð´Ð»Ñ Ð·Ð²'ÑзкÑ
+з Ñакими ÑлÑжбами, Ñк YouTube Ñ Google Maps.
ÐÑÑÑÑйно вони не вÑ
одÑÑÑ Ð´Ð¾
+Android, але Ñе не ознаÑаÑ, нÑби з виÑобом ÑÑе
гаÑазд. ÐагаÑо вÑлÑниÑ
+заÑÑоÑÑнкÑв, доÑÑÑпниÑ
Ð´Ð»Ñ ÑаннÑÑ
веÑÑÑй
Android бÑло <a
+href="https://arstechnica.com/gadgets/2013/10/googles-iron-grip-on-android-controlling-open-source-by-any-means-necessary/">
+замÑнено невÑлÑними заÑÑоÑÑнками</a>; в 2013
з'ÑвилиÑÑ Android-пÑиÑÑÑоÑ, <a
+href="https://www.androidbeat.com/2013/12/new-google-play-edition-devices-lack-photo-gallery-app-use-google/">
+на ÑкиÑ
пеÑеглÑдаÑи знÑмки можливо лиÑе
невÑлÑним заÑÑоÑÑнком Google+</a>. У
+2014, Google оголоÑили, Ñо <a
+href="https://arstechnica.com/gadgets/2014/06/android-wear-auto-and-tv-save-you-from-skins-and-oems-from-themselves/">Android
+веÑÑÑÑ Ð´Ð»Ñ ÑелевÑзоÑÑв, годинникÑв Ñ
авÑÑвок бÑдÑÑÑ Ð¿ÐµÑеважно
+невÑлÑними.</a>
+</p>
+
+<p>ÐÑлÑÑÑÑÑÑ Android-пÑиÑÑÑоÑв мÑÑÑÑÑÑ
невÑлÑÐ½Ñ Ð¿ÑогÑами Google Play (ÑанÑÑе
+«Android Market»). Це пÑогÑамне забезпеÑÐµÐ½Ð½Ñ Ð·Ð°Ð¾Ñ
оÑÑÑ ÑиÑ
, Ñ
Ñо Ð¼Ð°Ñ Ð¾Ð±Ð»Ñковий
+Ð·Ð°Ð¿Ð¸Ñ Google, вÑÑановлÑваÑи невÑлÑнÑ
заÑÑоÑÑнки. Ðоно Ñакож мÑÑÑиÑÑ Ð±ÐµÐºÐ´Ð¾Ñ,
+Ñкий Ð´Ð°Ñ Google Ð·Ð¼Ð¾Ð³Ñ Ð¿ÑимÑÑово
вÑÑановлÑваÑи Ñи видалÑÑи заÑÑоÑÑнки. (Ðо
+ÑÑÑÑ, Ð±ÐµÐºÐ´Ð¾Ñ Ð´ÑÑ Ð½Ð° вÑÑÑ
пÑиÑÑÑоÑÑ
одÑазÑ,
Ñ
оÑа ÑÑого не доведено.) Google
+Play оÑÑÑÑйно не Ñ Ñкладником Android; Ñе не
ÑобиÑÑ Ð¹Ð¾Ð³Ð¾ анÑÑÑоÑ
и менÑ
+поганим.
+</p>
+
+<p>Google поÑÑнÑли Ñимало оÑновниÑ
загалÑниÑ
ÑÑнкÑÑй до невÑлÑÐ½Ð¾Ñ <a
+href="https://blog.grobox.de/2016/the-proprietarization-of-android-google-play-services-and-apps/">бÑблÑоÑеки
+Google Play Services</a>. ЯкÑо заÑÑоÑÑнок Ð¼Ð°Ñ Ð²ÑлÑний
код, але залежиÑÑ Ð²Ñд
+Google Play Services, Ñо на пÑакÑиÑÑ Ð²ÐµÑÑ Ð·Ð°ÑÑоÑÑнок
невÑлÑний; вÑн не може
+пÑаÑÑваÑи на вÑлÑнÑй веÑÑÑÑ Android,
напÑиклад на Replicant.
+</p>
+
+<p>ЯкÑо ви ÑÑнÑÑÑе ÑвободÑ, ÑникайÑе
невÑлÑниÑ
заÑÑоÑÑнкÑв, ÑÐºÑ Ð¿ÑопонÑÑ Google
+Play. ÐÑÑановлÑваÑи вÑлÑÐ½Ñ Android-заÑÑоÑÑнки
можливо без Google Play:
+оÑÑимайÑе ÑÑ
Ñз <a href="https://f-droid.org/">f-droid.org</a>.
+</p>
+
+<p>Android-виÑоби мÑÑÑÑÑÑ Ñ ÑÐ²Ð¾Ñ Ð½ÐµÐ²ÑлÑнÑ
бÑблÑоÑеки. ÐÑÑÑÑйно вони не Ñ
+ÑаÑÑÐ¸Ð½Ð¾Ñ Android, але оÑкÑлÑки ÑÑзний
ÑÑнкÑÑонал Android на ниÑ
ÑпиÑаÑÑÑÑÑ,
+вони Ñ ÑаÑÑÐ¸Ð½Ð¾Ñ Ð¿ÑакÑиÑно бÑдÑ-Ñкого
вÑÑÐ°Ð½Ð¾Ð²Ð»ÐµÐ½Ð½Ñ Android.</p>
+
+<p>ÐавÑÑÑ Ð¿ÑогÑами, ÑÐºÑ Ð¾ÑÑÑÑйно Ñ ÑаÑÑиноÑ
Android, можÑÑÑ Ð½Ðµ вÑдповÑдаÑи
+виÑ
ÑÐ´Ð½Ð¾Ð¼Ñ ÐºÐ¾Ð´Ñ Ð²Ñд Google. ÐиÑобники
пÑиÑÑÑоÑв можÑÑÑ Ð²Ð½Ð¾ÑиÑи змÑни й ÑаÑÑо
+не випÑÑкаÑÑÑ Ð²Ð¸Ñ
Ñдного ÐºÐ¾Ð´Ñ ÑвоÑÑ
веÑÑÑй.
GNU GPL зобов'ÑзÑÑ ÑÑ
поÑиÑÑваÑи
+код ÑÑ
нÑÑ
веÑÑÑй Linux, ÑкÑо вони законоÑлÑÑ
нÑнÑ. РеÑÑа кодÑ, пÑд
+Ð¿Ð¾Ð±Ð»Ð°Ð¶Ð»Ð¸Ð²Ð¾Ñ Ð»ÑÑензÑÑÑ Apache, не вимагаÑ
випÑÑкаÑи ÑÑ Ð²ÐµÑÑÑÑ Ð²Ð¸Ñ
Ñдного кодÑ,
+ÑÐºÑ Ð²Ð¾Ð½Ð¸ дÑйÑно викоÑиÑÑовÑÑÑÑ.</p>
+
+<p>Ðдин коÑиÑÑÑÐ²Ð°Ñ Ð²Ð¸Ñвив, Ñо до багаÑÑоÑ
пÑогÑам Ñ ÑÑй ÑиÑÑÐµÐ¼Ñ Android, Ñз
+ÑÐºÐ¾Ñ Ð²Ñн пÑидбав пÑиÑÑÑÑй, бÑло <a
+href="https://www.beneaththewaves.net/Projects/Motorola_Is_Listening.html">впиÑано
+надÑÐ¸Ð»Ð°Ð½Ð½Ñ Ð¾ÑобиÑÑиÑ
даниÑ
до Motorola.</a>
ÐеÑÐºÑ Ð²Ð¸Ñобники додаÑÑÑ <a
+href="https://androidsecuritytest.com/features/logs-and-services/loggers/carrieriq/">
+пÑиÑ
Ð¾Ð²Ð°Ð½Ñ Ð¿Ð°ÐºÑнки комплекÑного ÑÑеженнÑ,
напÑиклад Carrier IQ.</a></p>
+
+<p><a href="https://replicant.us/">Replicant</a> â Ñе вÑлÑна
веÑÑÑÑ
+Android. РозÑобниÑÑ Ð¹ ÑозÑобники Replicant
замÑнили багаÑо невÑлÑниÑ
+бÑблÑоÑек Ð´Ð»Ñ Ð´ÐµÑкиÑ
моделей пÑиÑÑÑоÑв.
ÐевÑлÑÐ½Ñ Ð·Ð°ÑÑоÑÑнки вилÑÑено, але ви
+б Ñ Ð½Ðµ Ñ
оÑÑли ÑÑ
викоÑиÑÑовÑваÑи. ÐонÑÑаÑÑ:
LineageOS (ÑнÑа змÑнена веÑÑÑÑ
+Android, взÑÑа за оÑÐ½Ð¾Ð²Ñ Replicant) не Ñ Ð²ÑлÑноÑ, бо
мÑÑÑиÑÑ Ð´ÐµÑÐºÑ Ð½ÐµÐ²ÑлÑнÑ
+пÑогÑами.</p>
+
+<p>ÐагаÑо Android-пÑиÑÑÑоÑв â «ÑиÑани»: ÑÑ
ÑозÑоблено Ñаким Ñином, Ñоб ви не
+мали змоги вÑÑановиÑи й викоÑиÑÑовÑваÑи
змÑÐ½ÐµÐ½Ñ Ð²Ð°Ð¼Ð¸ пÑогÑами, а мÑÑили
+покладаÑиÑÑ Ð½Ð° веÑÑÑÑ ÐºÐ¾Ð¼Ð¿Ð°Ð½ÑÑ. Ð ÑакиÑ
випадкаÑ
, виконÑÐ²Ð°Ð½Ñ Ñайли невÑлÑнÑ,
+навÑÑÑ ÑкÑо ÑÑ
зÑбÑано з вÑлÑного й
доÑÑÑпного вам виÑ
Ñдного кодÑ. ÐÑоÑе
+деÑÐºÑ Android-пÑиÑÑÑÐ¾Ñ Ð¼Ð¾Ð¶Ð»Ð¸Ð²Ð¾ «ÑÑÑÑваÑи»
(змÑÑиÑи надаÑи root â
+адмÑнÑÑÑÑаÑÐ¸Ð²Ð½Ñ Ð¿Ñава), Ñоб вÑÑановиÑи
ÑнÑе пÑогÑамне забезпеÑеннÑ.</p>
+
+<p>ÐÐ°Ð¶Ð»Ð¸Ð²Ñ Ð²Ð±ÑÐ´Ð¾Ð²Ð°Ð½Ñ Ð¿ÑогÑами Ñи дÑайвеÑи
пеÑеважно Ñакож влаÑниÑÑкÑ: длÑ
+меÑÐµÐ¶Ñ Ð¼Ð¾Ð±ÑлÑного зв'ÑзкÑ, WiFi, bluetooth, GPS,
3D-гÑаÑÑки, камеÑи,
+динамÑка й ÑаÑом навÑÑÑ Ð´Ð»Ñ Ð¼ÑкÑоÑонÑ.
ÐеÑÐºÑ Ð· ниÑ
можÑÑÑ Ð±ÑÑи вÑлÑними в
+ÑÐ¾Ñ Ñи ÑнÑÐ¾Ñ Ð¼Ð¾Ð´ÐµÐ»Ñ, а без деÑкиÑ
можливо
обÑйÑиÑÑ â але ви не обÑйдеÑеÑÑ
+без мÑкÑоÑона Ñи меÑÐµÐ¶Ñ Ð¼Ð¾Ð±ÑлÑного
зв'ÑзкÑ.</p>
+
+<p>ÐÑогÑами мобÑлÑÐ½Ð¾Ñ Ð¼ÐµÑÐµÐ¶Ñ â вбÑдованÑ.
Якби вÑе, Ñо вони Ñобили, â Ñе бÑÑи
+на мÑÑÑÑ Ð¹ на ваÑÑ Ð²Ð¸Ð¼Ð¾Ð³Ñ Ð¿ÐµÑедаваÑи ÑоÑÑ Ñ
меÑежÑ, ми вважали б ÑÑ
+ÑÑвнознаÑними елекÑÑоннÑй ÑÑ
емÑ.
ÐаполÑгаÑÑи, Ñо пÑогÑами на
обÑиÑлÑвалÑномÑ
+пÑиÑÑÑÐ¾Ñ Ð¼ÑÑÑÑÑ Ð±ÑÑи вÑлÑними, ми можемо
не зважаÑи на вбÑÐ´Ð¾Ð²Ð°Ð½Ñ Ð¿ÑогÑами,
+ÑÐºÑ Ð½Ñколи не змÑнÑÑÑÑÑÑ, бо з
коÑиÑÑÑваÑÑÐºÐ¾Ñ ÑоÑки зоÑÑ Ð½ÐµÐ²Ð°Ð¶Ð»Ð¸Ð²Ð¾,
пÑогÑама
+Ñе Ñи ÑÑ
ема.</p>
+
+<p>Ðа жалÑ, Ñ ÑÑÐ¾Ð¼Ñ Ð²Ð¸Ð¿Ð°Ð´ÐºÑ Ð¹Ð´ÐµÑÑÑÑ Ð¿Ñо
зловмиÑÐ½Ñ ÑÑ
емÑ. ÐловмиÑÐ½Ñ ÑÑнкÑÑÑ
+непÑийнÑÑÐ½Ñ Ð½ÐµÐ·Ð°Ð»ÐµÐ¶Ð½Ð¾ вÑд Ñого, Ñк ÑÑ
вÑÑлено.</p>
+
+<p>Ðа бÑлÑÑоÑÑÑ Android-пÑиÑÑÑоÑв ÑÑ Ð¿ÑогÑами
маÑÑÑ ÑÑÑлÑки влади, Ñо можÑÑÑ
+пеÑеÑвоÑиÑи виÑÑб Ñ Ð¿ÑиÑÑÑÑй пÑоÑлÑÑ
овÑваннÑ. Ðа деÑкиÑ
вони можÑÑÑ ÐºÐµÑÑваÑи
+мÑкÑоÑоном. Ðа деÑкиÑ
вони можÑÑÑ
оÑÑимÑваÑи повний конÑÑÐ¾Ð»Ñ Ð½Ð°Ð´ оÑновним
+комп'ÑÑеÑом ÑеÑез ÑпÑлÑÐ½Ñ Ð¿Ð°Ð¼'ÑÑÑ, Ñ ÑкÑй
вони можÑÑÑ Ð·Ð°Ð¼ÑниÑи бÑдÑ-Ñке
+вÑÑановлене вами вÑлÑне пÑогÑамне
забезпеÑеннÑ. Ðа деÑкиÑ
моделÑÑ
, ÑкÑо не
+на вÑÑÑ
, зовнÑÑнÑй конÑÑÐ¾Ð»Ñ Ð½Ð°Ð´ Ñими
вбÑдованими пÑогÑамами здаÑний замÑниÑи
+ÑеÑÑÑ Ð¿ÑогÑамного забезпеÑÐµÐ½Ð½Ñ Ð½Ð°
пÑиÑÑÑоÑ. СÑÑÑ Ð²ÑлÑного пÑогÑамного
+забезпеÑÐµÐ½Ð½Ñ â маÑи конÑÑÐ¾Ð»Ñ Ð½Ð°Ð´ ÑвоÑми
пÑиÑÑÑоÑми й ÑвоÑми обÑиÑленнÑми;
+ÑиÑÑема з бекдоÑом не Ñ Ð²ÑлÑноÑ. ÐÑдÑ-Ñка
обÑиÑлÑвалÑна ÑиÑÑема може
+<em>мÑÑÑиÑи</em> вади, але ÑÑ Ð¿ÑиÑÑÑÐ¾Ñ Ð¼Ð¾Ð¶ÑÑÑ
<em>бÑÑи</em> вадами. ÐÑеÒ
+ÐÑÑей Ñ ÐºÐ½Ð¸Ð·Ñ <a
+href="https://www.theguardian.com/books/2006/aug/12/politics">ÐбивÑÑво
в
+СамаÑкандÑ</a> ÑозповÑÐ´Ð°Ñ Ð¿Ñо ÑÐ²Ð¾Ñ ÑÑаÑÑÑ Ñ
ÑозвÑдÑвалÑнÑй опеÑаÑÑÑ, де
+мобÑлÑний ÑелеÑон (не Android) бÑло ÑеÑез
меÑÐµÐ¶Ñ Ð¿ÐµÑеÑвоÑено на пÑиÑÑÑÑй длÑ
+пÑоÑлÑÑ
овÑÐ²Ð°Ð½Ð½Ñ ÑÑлÑ, Ñка пÑо Ñе навÑÑÑ Ð½Ðµ
пÑдозÑÑвала.</p>
+
+<p>Хай Ñам Ñк, але вбÑÐ´Ð¾Ð²Ð°Ð½Ñ Ð² Android-ÑелеÑон
пÑогÑами Ð´Ð»Ñ Ð¼Ð¾Ð±ÑлÑÐ½Ð¾Ñ Ð¼ÐµÑÐµÐ¶Ñ Ð½Ðµ
+ÑÑвнознаÑÐ½Ñ ÑÑ
емÑ, бо апаÑаÑне
забезпеÑÐµÐ½Ð½Ñ Ð´Ð°Ñ Ð·Ð¼Ð¾Ð³Ñ Ð²ÑÑановлÑваÑи новÑ
+веÑÑÑÑ, й Ñе ÑпÑÐ°Ð²Ð´Ñ ÑобиÑÑÑÑ. ÐÑкÑлÑки
вбÑдовано влаÑниÑÑÐºÑ Ð¿ÑогÑамÑ, на
+пÑакÑиÑÑ Ð»Ð¸Ñе виÑобниÑÑво може ÑÑвоÑÑваÑи
Ð½Ð¾Ð²Ñ Ð²ÐµÑÑÑÑ, а ви â нÑ.</p>
+
+<p>СклавÑи ÑÑ Ñези докÑпи, ми можемо ÑеÑпÑÑи
невÑлÑне пÑогÑамне забезпеÑеннÑ
+Ð´Ð»Ñ Ð¼Ð¾Ð±ÑлÑÐ½Ð¾Ñ Ð¼ÐµÑежÑ, ÑкÑо його неможливо
оновиÑи; воно не може оÑÑимаÑи
+конÑÑÐ¾Ð»Ñ Ð½Ð°Ð´ головним комп'ÑÑеÑом; Ñ Ð²Ð¾Ð½Ð¾
не може здÑйÑнÑваÑи зв'Ñзок, поки
+вÑлÑна опеÑаÑÑйна ÑиÑÑема Ð¹Ð¾Ð¼Ñ Ð½Ðµ
дозволиÑÑ (ÑкÑо Ð²Ð·Ð°Ð³Ð°Ð»Ñ Ð´Ð¾Ð·Ð²Ð¾Ð»ÑÑ). ÐнÑими
+Ñловами, воно мÑÑиÑÑ Ð±ÑÑи ÑÑвнознаÑним
елекÑÑоннÑй ÑÑ
емÑ, й ÑÑ ÑÑ
ема мÑÑиÑÑ
+не бÑÑи злоÑинноÑ. ТеÑ
нÑÑно ÑÑлком можливо
вигоÑовиÑи Android-ÑелеÑон Ñз
+Ñакими Ñ
аÑакÑеÑиÑÑиками, але нам не вÑдомо
пÑо жодне Ñаке виÑобниÑÑво.</p>
+
+<p>Android не Ñ ÑамовÑдÑвоÑÑÐ²Ð°Ð½Ð¾Ñ ÑиÑÑемоÑ;
ÑозÑобка Android мÑÑиÑÑ Ð²ÐµÑÑиÑÑ Ð½Ð°
+певнÑй ÑнÑÑй ÑиÑÑемÑ. ÐаÑоби Google SDK
(«набоÑÑ Ð´Ð»Ñ ÑозÑобки пÑогÑам»)
+виглÑдаÑÑÑ Ð²ÑлÑними, але пеÑевÑÑиÑи Ñе â
важка пÑаÑÑ. Файли оголоÑеннÑ
+деÑкиÑ
API Google невÑлÑнÑ. ÐÑÑÐ°Ð½Ð¾Ð²Ð»ÐµÐ½Ð½Ñ SDK
Ð²Ð¸Ð¼Ð°Ð³Ð°Ñ Ð¿ÑдпиÑÐ°Ð½Ð½Ñ Ð²Ð»Ð°ÑниÑÑкоÑ
+лÑÑензÑÑ Ð¿ÑогÑамного забезпеÑеннÑ, ÑкÑ
вам ÑлÑд вÑдмовлÑÑиÑÑ Ð¿ÑдпиÑÑваÑи. <a
+href="https://redmine.replicant.us/projects/replicant/wiki/ReplicantSDK">
+Replicant SDK</a> â вÑлÑна замÑна.</p>
+
+<p>ÐÑеÑа згадÑÑ Android Ñ ÐºÐ¾Ð½ÑекÑÑÑ Ð¿Ð°ÑенÑниÑ
вÑйн. Ðа 20 ÑокÑв кампанÑй за
+ÑкаÑÑÐ²Ð°Ð½Ð½Ñ Ð¿Ð°ÑенÑÑÐ²Ð°Ð½Ð½Ñ Ð¿ÑогÑам ми
неодноÑазово попеÑеджали пÑо ймовÑÑнÑÑÑÑ
+ÑакиÑ
вÑйн. ÐаÑенÑи на пÑогÑамне
забезпеÑÐµÐ½Ð½Ñ Ð¼Ð¾Ð¶ÑÑÑ Ð·Ð¾Ð±Ð¾Ð²'ÑзаÑи Google
+вилÑÑиÑи Ð¿ÐµÐ²Ð½Ñ Ð¼Ð¾Ð¶Ð»Ð¸Ð²Ð¾ÑÑÑ â Ñи й ÑамÑ
плаÑÑоÑÐ¼Ñ Android. ÐеÑеглÑнÑÑе <a
+href="https://endsoftpatents.org/">endsoftpatents.org</a>, Ñоб
дÑзнаÑиÑÑ
+бÑлÑÑе пÑо Ñе, ÑÐ¾Ð¼Ñ Ð¿Ð°ÑенÑÑÐ²Ð°Ð½Ð½Ñ Ð¿ÑогÑам
мÑÑиÑÑ Ð±ÑÑи ÑкаÑовано.</p>
+
+<p>ÐÑоÑе паÑенÑÐ½Ñ Ð°Ñаки Ñ Ð²ÑдповÑÐ´Ñ Google
лиÑе опоÑеÑедковано заÑÑпаÑÑÑ ÑемÑ
+ÑÑÑÑ ÑÑаÑÑÑ: ÑÐ¾Ð¼Ñ Android-виÑоби â ÑаÑÑково (й
лиÑе ÑаÑÑково) еÑиÑна ÑиÑÑема
+поÑиÑÐµÐ½Ð½Ñ Ð¿ÑогÑамного забезпеÑеннÑ. Це
пиÑÐ°Ð½Ð½Ñ Ñакож заÑлÑговÑÑ Ð½Ð° ÑвагÑ
+пÑеÑи.</p>
+
+<p>Android â великий кÑок до еÑиÑного
мобÑлÑного ÑелеÑÐ¾Ð½Ñ Ð· коÑиÑÑÑваÑÑким
+конÑÑолем Ñ Ð²ÑлÑним пÑогÑамним
забезпеÑеннÑм, але до ÑÑого Ñе Ñк до неба
+ÑаÑки, й Google ÑпÑÑмовÑÑ Ð¹Ð¾Ð³Ð¾ в Ñ
ибномÑ
напÑÑмÑ. ТÑÐ¸Ð²Ð°Ñ Ð»ÑбиÑелÑÑÑка ÑобоÑа
+над <a href="https://replicant.us/">Replicant</a>, але пÑдÑÑимка
+ÑÑзноманÑÑниÑ
пÑиÑÑÑоÑв Ð²Ð¸Ð¼Ð°Ð³Ð°Ñ Ð²ÐµÐ»Ð¸ÐºÐ¸Ñ
зÑÑÐ¸Ð»Ñ Ñ Ð½Ðµ Ñозв'ÑзÑÑ Ð¿Ñоблеми
+вбÑдованиÑ
пÑогÑам. Android-ÑелеÑони
ÑÑÐ¾Ð³Ð¾Ð´ÐµÐ½Ð½Ñ Ð·Ð½Ð°Ñно Ð¼ÐµÐ½Ñ ÑкÑдливÑ, нÑж
+ÑелеÑони Apple Ñи Windows, але неможливо вдаваÑи,
нÑби вони поважаÑÑÑ Ð²Ð°ÑÑ
+ÑвободÑ.</p>
+<div class="column-limit"></div>
+
+<h3 class="footnote">ÐиноÑка</h3>
+<ol>
+<li id="linuxnote">ÐÑайнÑй випадок ÑÐ°ÐºÐ¾Ñ Ð¿Ð»ÑÑанини
можна побаÑиÑи на ÑайÑÑ linuxonandroid.com,
+Ñкий пÑдказÑÑ, Ñк «вÑÑановиÑи Linux [sic] на
ваÑÑ Android-пÑиÑÑÑоÑ». Це
+абÑолÑÑно Ñ
ибно: вони вÑÑановлÑÑÑÑ Ð²ÐµÑÑÑÑ
ÑиÑÑеми GNU â <em>за винÑÑком</em>
+ÑдÑа Linux, коÑÑе й Ñак наÑвне в ÑÐºÐ»Ð°Ð´Ñ Android.
ÐÑкÑлÑки ÑÐ°Ð¹Ñ Ð¿ÑдÑÑимÑÑ
+лиÑе <a href="/distros/distros.html">невÑлÑнÑ
диÑÑÑибÑÑиви GNU/Linux</a>, ми
+його не Ñадимо.
+</li>
+</ol>
+
+<div class="infobox extra" role="complementary">
+<hr />
+ÐпеÑÑе опÑилÑднено в <cite><a
+href="https://www.guardian.co.uk/technology/2011/sep/19/android-free-software-stallman">
+The Guardian</a></cite>.
+</div>
+</div>
+
+<div class="translators-notes">
+
+<!--TRANSLATORS: Use space (SPC) as msgstr if you don't have notes.-->
+ </div>
+</div>
+
+<!-- for id="content", starts in the include above -->
+<!--#include virtual="/server/footer.uk.html" -->
+<div id="footer" role="contentinfo">
+<div class="unprintable">
+
+<p>ÐагалÑÐ½Ñ Ð·Ð°Ð¿Ð¸Ñи до ÑÐ¾Ð½Ð´Ñ Ñа GNU можеÑе
надÑилаÑи за адÑеÑÐ¾Ñ <a
+href="mailto:gnu@gnu.org"><gnu@gnu.org></a>. Рй <a
+href="/contact/">ÑнÑÑ ÑпоÑоби зв'ÑзкÑ</a> з Ñондом.
ÐÑо Ñ
Ð¸Ð±Ð½Ñ Ð¿Ð¾ÑÐ¸Ð»Ð°Ð½Ð½Ñ Ð¹
+ÑнÑÑ Ð²Ð¸Ð¿ÑÐ°Ð²Ð»ÐµÐ½Ð½Ñ Ñи пÑопозиÑÑÑ Ð¼Ð¾Ð¶ÐµÑе
пиÑаÑи за адÑеÑÐ¾Ñ <a
+href="mailto:webmasters@gnu.org"><webmasters@gnu.org></a>.</p>
+
+<p>
+<!-- TRANSLATORS: Ignore the original text in this paragraph,
+ replace it with the translation of these two:
+
+ We work hard and do our best to provide accurate, good quality
+ translations. However, we are not exempt from imperfection.
+ Please send your comments and general suggestions in this regard
+ to <a href="mailto:web-translators@gnu.org">
+
+ <web-translators@gnu.org></a>.</p>
+
+ <p>For information on coordinating and contributing translations of
+ our web pages, see <a
+ href="/server/standards/README.translations.html">Translations
+ README</a>. -->
+ÐокладаÑмо вÑÑÑ
зÑÑилÑ, Ñоб пеÑеклад бÑв
ÑоÑним Ñ ÑкÑÑним. ÐнодÑ
+пÑипÑÑкаÑмоÑÑ Ð¿Ð¾Ð¼Ð¸Ð»Ð¾Ðº. ÐÑоÑимо надÑилаÑи
коменÑаÑÑ Ð¹ пÑопозиÑÑÑ Ñодо
+пеÑÐµÐºÐ»Ð°Ð´Ñ Ð·Ð° адÑеÑÐ¾Ñ <a
+href="mailto:web-translators@gnu.org"><web-translators@gnu.org></a>.</p><p>Як
+ми пеÑекладаÑмо вебÑÑоÑÑнки й Ñк нам Ñ
ÑÑÐ¾Ð¼Ñ Ð´Ð¾Ð¿Ð¾Ð¼Ð¾Ð³Ñи, ÑозповÑÐ´Ð°Ñ Ð½Ð°Ñ <a
+href="/server/standards/README.translations.html">поÑÑбник Ñз
пеÑекладÑ</a>.</p>
+</div>
+
+<!-- Regarding copyright, in general, standalone pages (as opposed to
+ files generated as part of manuals) on the GNU web server should
+ be under CC BY-ND 4.0. Please do NOT change or remove this
+ without talking with the webmasters or licensing team first.
+ Please make sure the copyright date is consistent with the
+ document. For web pages, it is ok to list just the latest year the
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+
+ If you wish to list earlier years, that is ok too.
+ Either "2001, 2002, 2003" or "2001-2003" are ok for specifying
+ years, as long as each year in the range is in fact a copyrightable
+ year, i.e., a year in which the document was published (including
+ being publicly visible on the web or in a revision control system).
+
+ There is more detail about copyright years in the GNU Maintainers
+ Information document, www.gnu.org/prep/maintain. -->
+<p>Copyright © 2011-2016, 2021 Richard Stallman (Ð ÑÑаÑд
СÑолмен)</p>
+
+<p>Ð¦Ñ ÑÑоÑÑнка доÑÑÑпна на ÑмоваÑ
<a rel="license"
+href="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nd/4.0/deed.uk"> лÑÑензÑÑ
+Creative Commons Attribution-NoDerivatives 4.0 International (<em>Ðз
+зазнаÑеннÑм авÑоÑÑÑва â Ðез поÑ
ÑдниÑ
ÑвоÑÑв 4.0 ÐÑжнаÑодна</em>)</a>.</p>
+
+<!--#include virtual="/server/bottom-notes.uk.html" -->
+<div class="translators-credits">
+
+<!--TRANSLATORS: Use space (SPC) as msgstr if you don't want credits.-->
+ÐÑдÑÑимка ÑкÑаÑнÑÑкого пеÑекладÑ: ÐениÑ
ÐикÑла (nykula@ukr.net)</div>
+
+<p class="unprintable"><!-- timestamp start -->
+Ðновлено:
+
+$Date: 2022/04/01 19:59:49 $
+
+<!-- timestamp end -->
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+</div>
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+<!-- for class="inner", starts in the banner include -->
+</body>
+</html>
Index: po/android-and-users-freedom.uk-en.html
===================================================================
RCS file: po/android-and-users-freedom.uk-en.html
diff -N po/android-and-users-freedom.uk-en.html
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+<!--#include virtual="/server/header.html" -->
+<!-- Parent-Version: 1.96 -->
+<!-- This page is derived from /server/standards/boilerplate.html -->
+<!--#set var="TAGS" value="essays aboutfs practice" -->
+<!--#set var="DISABLE_TOP_ADDENDUM" value="yes" -->
+<title>Android and Users' Freedom
+- GNU Project - Free Software Foundation</title>
+<!--#include virtual="/philosophy/po/android-and-users-freedom.translist" -->
+<!--#include virtual="/server/banner.html" -->
+<!--#include virtual="/philosophy/ph-breadcrumb.html" -->
+<!--GNUN: OUT-OF-DATE NOTICE-->
+<!--#include virtual="/server/top-addendum.html" -->
+<div class="article reduced-width">
+<h2>Android and Users' Freedom</h2>
+
+<address class="byline">by Richard Stallman</address>
+
+<p>
+To what extent does Android respect the freedom of its users? For a
+computer user that values freedom, that is the most important question
+to ask about any software system.</p>
+
+<p>In the <a href="https://fsf.org">free/libre software movement</a>, we
+develop software that respects users' freedom, so we and you can escape
+from software that doesn't. By contrast, the idea of “open
+source” focuses on how to develop code; it is a different current
+of thought whose principal value is <a
+href="/philosophy/open-source-misses-the-point.html">code
+quality rather than freedom</a>. Thus, the concern here is not whether
+Android is “<a href="/philosophy/free-open-overlap.html">open</a>,”
+but whether it allows users to be free.</p>
+
+<p>Android is an operating system primarily for mobile phones and
+other devices, which
+consists of Linux (Torvalds' kernel), some libraries, a Java platform
+and some applications. Linux aside, the software of Android versions
+1 and 2 was mostly developed by Google; Google released it under the
+Apache 2.0 license, which is a lax free software license without
+<a href="/licenses/copyleft.html">copyleft</a>.</p>
+
+<p>The version of Linux included in Android is not entirely free
+software, since it contains nonfree “binary blobs” (just
+like Torvalds' version of Linux), some of which are really used in some
+Android devices. Android platforms use other nonfree firmware, too,
+and nonfree libraries. Aside from those, the source code of Android
+versions 1 and 2, as released by Google, is free software—but this
+code is insufficient to run the device. Some of the applications that
+generally come with Android are nonfree, too.</p>
+
+<div class="announcement comment" role="complementary">
+<hr class="no-display" />
+<p>Support the <a href="https://fsfe.org/activities/android/">Free Your
+Android</a> campaign.</p>
+<hr class="no-display" />
+</div>
+
+<p>Android is very different from the <a
+href="/gnu/thegnuproject.html">GNU/Linux operating
+system</a> because it contains very little of GNU. Indeed, just about
+the only component in common between Android and GNU/Linux is Linux, the
+kernel. People who erroneously think “Linux” refers to the
+entire GNU/Linux combination get tied in knots by these facts, and make
+paradoxical statements such as “Android contains Linux, but it
+isn't Linux.”(<a href="#linuxnote">1</a>) Absent this confusion,
+the situation is simple: Android contains Linux, but not GNU; thus,
+Android and GNU/Linux are mostly different, because all they have in
+common is Linux.</p>
+
+<p>Within Android, Linux the kernel remains a separate program, with its
+source code under <a href="/licenses/gpl-2.0.html">GNU GPL
+version 2</a>. To combine Linux with code under the Apache 2.0 license
+would be copyright infringement, since GPL version 2 and Apache 2.0 are
+<a href="/licenses/license-list.html#apache2">incompatible</a>.
+Rumors that Google has somehow converted Linux to the Apache license are
+erroneous; Google has no power to change the license on the code of
+Linux, and did not try. If the authors of Linux allowed its use under <a
+href="/licenses/gpl.html">GPL version 3</a>,
+then that code could be combined with Apache-licensed code, and the
+combination could be released under GPL version 3. But Linux has not
+been released that way.</p>
+
+<p>Google has complied with the requirements of the GNU General Public
+License for Linux, but the Apache license on the rest of Android does
+not require source release. Google said it would never publish the
+source code of Android 3.0 (aside from Linux). Android 3.1 source code
+was also withheld, making Android 3, apart from Linux, nonfree
+software pure and simple.</p>
+
+<p>Google said it withheld the 3.0 source code because it was buggy, and
+that people should wait for the next release. That may be good advice
+for people who simply want to run the Android system, but the users
+should be the ones to decide this. Anyway, developers and tinkerers
+who want to include some of the changes in their own versions could
+use that code just fine.</p>
+
+<p>Fortunately, Google later released the source code for Android 3.*
+when it released version 4 (also with source code). The problem above
+turned out to be a temporary aberration rather than a policy shift.
+However, what happens once may happen again.</p>
+
+<p>In any case, most of the source code of various versions of Android
+has been released as free software. Does that mean that products using
+those Android versions respect users' freedom? No, for several
+reasons.</p>
+
+<p>First of all, most of them contain nonfree Google applications for
+talking to services such as YouTube and Google Maps. These are
+officially not part of Android, but that doesn't make the product ok.
+Many of the free applications available for earlier versions of
+Android have
+been <a
href="https://arstechnica.com/gadgets/2013/10/googles-iron-grip-on-android-controlling-open-source-by-any-means-necessary/">
+replaced by nonfree applications</a>; in 2013 Android devices appeared
+which <a
href="https://www.androidbeat.com/2013/12/new-google-play-edition-devices-lack-photo-gallery-app-use-google/">
+provided no way to view photos except through a nonfree Google+
+app</a>. In 2014 Google announced
+that <a
href="https://arstechnica.com/gadgets/2014/06/android-wear-auto-and-tv-save-you-from-skins-and-oems-from-themselves/">Android
+versions for TVs, watches and cars would be largely nonfree.</a>
+</p>
+
+<p>Most Android devices come with the nonfree Google Play software
+(formerly “Android Market”). This software invites users
+with a Google account to install nonfree apps. It also has a back
+door with which Google can forcibly install or deinstall apps. (This
+probably makes it a universal back door, though that is not proved.)
+Google Play is officially not part of Android, but that doesn't make
+it any less bad.
+</p>
+
+<p>Google has moved many basic general facilities into the
+nonfree <a
href="https://blog.grobox.de/2016/the-proprietarization-of-android-google-play-services-and-apps/">Google
+Play Services library</a>. If an app's own code is free software but
+it depends on Google Play Services, that app as a whole is effectively
+nonfree; it can't run on a free version of Android, such as Replicant.
+</p>
+
+<p>If you value freedom, you don't want the nonfree apps that Google
+Play offers. To install free Android apps, you don't need Google
+Play, because you can get them
+from <a href="https://f-droid.org/">f-droid.org</a>.
+</p>
+
+<p>Android products also come with nonfree libraries. These are
+officially not part of Android, but since various Android
+functionalities depend on them, they are part of any real Android
+installation.</p>
+
+<p>Even the programs that are officially part of Android may not
+correspond to the source code Google releases. Manufacturers may
+change this code, and often they don't release the source code for
+their versions. The GNU GPL requires them to distribute the code for
+their versions of Linux, assuming they comply. The rest of the code,
+under the lax Apache license, does not require them to release the
+source version that they really use.</p>
+
+<p>One user discovered that many of the programs in the Android system
+that came with his phone
+were <a
href="https://www.beneaththewaves.net/Projects/Motorola_Is_Listening.html">modified
+to send personal data to Motorola.</a> Some manufacturers add
+a <a
href="https://androidsecuritytest.com/features/logs-and-services/loggers/carrieriq/">
+hidden general surveillance package such as Carrier IQ.</a></p>
+
+<p><a href="https://replicant.us/">Replicant</a> is the free version of
+Android. The Replicant developers have replaced many nonfree
+libraries, for certain device models. The nonfree apps are excluded,
+but you certainly don't want to use those. By contrast, CyanogenMod
+(another modified version of Android) is nonfree, as it contains some
+nonfree programs.</p>
+
+<p>Many Android devices are “tyrants”: they are designed so users
+cannot install and run their own modified software, only the versions
+approved by some company. In that situation, the executables are not
+free even if they were made from sources that are free and available
+to you. However, some Android devices can be “rooted” so
+users can install different software.</p>
+
+<p>Important firmware or drivers are generally proprietary also. These
+handle the phone network radio, WiFi, bluetooth, GPS, 3D graphics, the
+camera, the speaker, and in some cases the microphone too. On some
+models, a few of these drivers are free, and there are some that you
+can do without—but you can't do without the microphone or the
+phone network radio.</p>
+
+<p>The phone network firmware comes preinstalled. If all it did was
+sit there and talk to the phone network when you wish, we could regard
+it as equivalent to a circuit. When we insist that the software in a
+computing device must be free, we can overlook preinstalled firmware
+that will never be upgraded, because it makes no difference to the
+user that it's a program rather than a circuit.</p>
+
+<p>Unfortunately, in this case it would be a malicious circuit.
+Malicious features are unacceptable no matter how they are
+implemented.</p>
+
+<p>On most Android devices, this firmware has so much control that it
+could turn the product into a listening device. On some, it controls
+the microphone. On some, it can take full control of the main
+computer, through shared memory, and can thus override or replace
+whatever free software you have installed. With some, perhaps all,
+models it is possible to exercise remote control of this firmware to
+overwrite the rest of the software in the device. The point of free
+software is that we have control of our software and our computing;
+a system with a back door doesn't qualify. While any computing system
+might <em>have</em> bugs, these devices can <em>be</em> bugs. (Craig
+Murray,
+in <a href="https://www.theguardian.com/books/2006/aug/12/politics">Murder
+in Samarkand</a>, relates his involvement in an intelligence operation
+that remotely converted an unsuspecting target's non-Android portable
+phone into a listening device.)</p>
+
+<p>In any case, the phone network firmware in an Android phone is not
+equivalent to a circuit, because the hardware allows installation of
+new versions and this is actually done. Since it is proprietary
+firmware, in practice only the manufacturer can make new
+versions—users can't.</p>
+
+<p>Putting these points together, we can tolerate nonfree phone
+network firmware provided new versions of it won't be loaded, it can't
+take control of the main computer, and it can only communicate when
+and as the free operating system chooses to let it communicate. In
+other words, it has to be equivalent to circuitry, and that circuitry
+must not be malicious. There is no technical obstacle to building an
+Android phone which has these characteristics, but we don't know of
+any.</p>
+
+<p>Android is not a self-hosting system; development for Android needs
+to be done on some other system. The tools in Google's
+“software development kit” (SDK) appear to be free,
+but it is hard work to check this. The definition files for certain
+Google APIs are nonfree. Installing the SDK requires signing a
+proprietary software license, which you should refuse to sign.
+<a href="https://redmine.replicant.us/projects/replicant/wiki/ReplicantSDK">
+Replicant's SDK</a> is a free replacement.</p>
+
+<p>Recent press coverage of Android focuses on the patent wars. During
+20 years of campaigning for the abolition of software patents, we have
+warned such wars could happen. Software patents could force
+elimination of features from Android, or even make it unavailable.
+See <a href="https://endsoftpatents.org/">endsoftpatents.org</a> for more
+information about why software patents must be abolished.</p>
+
+<p>However, the patent attacks and Google's responses are not directly
+relevant to the topic of this article: how Android products partly
+approach an ethically system of distribution, and how they fall
+short. This issue merits the attention of the press too.</p>
+
+<p>Android is a major step towards an ethical, user-controlled, free
+software portable phone, but there is a long way to go, and Google is
+taking it in the wrong direction. Hackers are working
+on <a href="https://replicant.us/">Replicant</a>, but it's a big job to
+support a new device model, and there remains the problem of the
+firmware. Even though the Android phones of today are considerably
+less bad than Apple or Windows phones, they cannot be said to
+respect your freedom.</p>
+<div class="column-limit"></div>
+
+<h3 class="footnote">Footnote</h3>
+<ol>
+<li id="linuxnote">The extreme example of this confusion appears in
+the site linuxonandroid.com, which offers help to “install Linux
+[sic] on your Android devices.” This is entirely false: what
+they are installing is a version of the GNU system, <em>excluding</em>
+Linux, which is already present as part of Android. Since that site
+supports only <a href="/distros/distros.html">nonfree GNU/Linux
+distros</a>, we do not recommend it.
+</li>
+</ol>
+
+<div class="infobox extra" role="complementary">
+<hr />
+First published in <cite><a
+href="https://www.guardian.co.uk/technology/2011/sep/19/android-free-software-stallman">
+The Guardian</a></cite>.
+</div>
+</div>
+
+</div><!-- for id="content", starts in the include above -->
+<!--#include virtual="/server/footer.html" -->
+<div id="footer" role="contentinfo">
+<div class="unprintable">
+
+<p>Please send general FSF & GNU inquiries to <a
+href="mailto:gnu@gnu.org"><gnu@gnu.org></a>. There are also <a
+href="/contact/">other ways to contact</a> the FSF. Broken links and other
+corrections or suggestions can be sent to <a
+href="mailto:webmasters@gnu.org"><webmasters@gnu.org></a>.</p>
+
+<p><!-- TRANSLATORS: Ignore the original text in this paragraph,
+ replace it with the translation of these two:
+
+ We work hard and do our best to provide accurate, good quality
+ translations. However, we are not exempt from imperfection.
+ Please send your comments and general suggestions in this regard
+ to <a href="mailto:web-translators@gnu.org">
+ <web-translators@gnu.org></a>.</p>
+
+ <p>For information on coordinating and contributing translations of
+ our web pages, see <a
+ href="/server/standards/README.translations.html">Translations
+ README</a>. -->
+Please see the <a
+href="/server/standards/README.translations.html">Translations README</a> for
+information on coordinating and contributing translations of this article.</p>
+</div>
+
+<!-- Regarding copyright, in general, standalone pages (as opposed to
+ files generated as part of manuals) on the GNU web server should
+ be under CC BY-ND 4.0. Please do NOT change or remove this
+ without talking with the webmasters or licensing team first.
+ Please make sure the copyright date is consistent with the
+ document. For web pages, it is ok to list just the latest year the
+ document was modified, or published.
+
+ If you wish to list earlier years, that is ok too.
+ Either "2001, 2002, 2003" or "2001-2003" are ok for specifying
+ years, as long as each year in the range is in fact a copyrightable
+ year, i.e., a year in which the document was published (including
+ being publicly visible on the web or in a revision control system).
+
+ There is more detail about copyright years in the GNU Maintainers
+ Information document, www.gnu.org/prep/maintain. -->
+
+<p>Copyright © 2011-2016, 2021 Richard Stallman</p>
+
+<p>This page is licensed under a <a rel="license"
+href="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nd/4.0/">Creative
+Commons Attribution-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License</a>.</p>
+
+<!--#include virtual="/server/bottom-notes.html" -->
+
+<p class="unprintable">Updated:
+<!-- timestamp start -->
+$Date: 2022/04/01 19:59:49 $
+<!-- timestamp end -->
+</p>
+</div>
+</div><!-- for class="inner", starts in the banner include -->
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