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www philosophy/po/philosophy.translist philosop...
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From: |
Ineiev |
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Subject: |
www philosophy/po/philosophy.translist philosop... |
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Date: |
Thu, 13 Jan 2022 13:10:44 -0500 (EST) |
CVSROOT: /web/www
Module name: www
Changes by: Ineiev <ineiev> 22/01/13 13:10:44
Modified files:
philosophy/po : philosophy.translist fs-motives.translist
right-to-read.translist
gnu/po : thegnuproject.translist
Removed files:
philosophy/po : philosophy.ar.po fs-motives.ar.po
right-to-read.ar.po
gnu/po : thegnuproject.ar.po
philosophy : philosophy.ar.html fs-motives.ar.html
right-to-read.ar.html
gnu : thegnuproject.ar.html
Log message:
Drop bad translations, RT #1779527.
CVSWeb URLs:
http://web.cvs.savannah.gnu.org/viewcvs/www/philosophy/po/philosophy.translist?cvsroot=www&r1=1.22&r2=1.23
http://web.cvs.savannah.gnu.org/viewcvs/www/philosophy/po/fs-motives.translist?cvsroot=www&r1=1.20&r2=1.21
http://web.cvs.savannah.gnu.org/viewcvs/www/philosophy/po/right-to-read.translist?cvsroot=www&r1=1.19&r2=1.20
http://web.cvs.savannah.gnu.org/viewcvs/www/philosophy/po/philosophy.ar.po?cvsroot=www&r1=1.79&r2=0
http://web.cvs.savannah.gnu.org/viewcvs/www/philosophy/po/fs-motives.ar.po?cvsroot=www&r1=1.36&r2=0
http://web.cvs.savannah.gnu.org/viewcvs/www/philosophy/po/right-to-read.ar.po?cvsroot=www&r1=1.73&r2=0
http://web.cvs.savannah.gnu.org/viewcvs/www/gnu/po/thegnuproject.translist?cvsroot=www&r1=1.22&r2=1.23
http://web.cvs.savannah.gnu.org/viewcvs/www/gnu/po/thegnuproject.ar.po?cvsroot=www&r1=1.17&r2=0
http://web.cvs.savannah.gnu.org/viewcvs/www/philosophy/philosophy.ar.html?cvsroot=www&r1=1.48&r2=0
http://web.cvs.savannah.gnu.org/viewcvs/www/philosophy/fs-motives.ar.html?cvsroot=www&r1=1.29&r2=0
http://web.cvs.savannah.gnu.org/viewcvs/www/philosophy/right-to-read.ar.html?cvsroot=www&r1=1.23&r2=0
http://web.cvs.savannah.gnu.org/viewcvs/www/gnu/thegnuproject.ar.html?cvsroot=www&r1=1.10&r2=0
Patches:
Index: philosophy/po/philosophy.translist
===================================================================
RCS file: /web/www/www/philosophy/po/philosophy.translist,v
retrieving revision 1.22
retrieving revision 1.23
diff -u -b -r1.22 -r1.23
--- philosophy/po/philosophy.translist 15 Mar 2020 18:34:46 -0000 1.22
+++ philosophy/po/philosophy.translist 13 Jan 2022 18:10:43 -0000 1.23
@@ -3,7 +3,6 @@
value='<div id="translations">
<p>
<span dir="ltr" class="original">[en] <a lang="en" hreflang="en"
href="/philosophy/philosophy.en.html">English</a> </span>
-<span dir="ltr">[ar] <a lang="ar" hreflang="ar"
href="/philosophy/philosophy.ar.html">اÙعربÙØ©</a> </span>
<span dir="ltr">[bg] <a lang="bg" hreflang="bg"
href="/philosophy/philosophy.bg.html">бÑлгаÑÑки</a> </span>
<span dir="ltr">[ca] <a lang="ca" hreflang="ca"
href="/philosophy/philosophy.ca.html">català </a> </span>
<span dir="ltr">[cs] <a lang="cs" hreflang="cs"
href="/philosophy/philosophy.cs.html">ÄeÅ¡tina</a> </span>
@@ -31,7 +30,6 @@
</div>' -->
<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="/philosophy/philosophy.html"
hreflang="x-default" />
<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" lang="en" hreflang="en"
href="/philosophy/philosophy.en.html" title="English" />
-<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" lang="ar" hreflang="ar"
href="/philosophy/philosophy.ar.html" title="اÙعربÙØ©" />
<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" lang="bg" hreflang="bg"
href="/philosophy/philosophy.bg.html" title="бÑлгаÑÑки" />
<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" lang="ca" hreflang="ca"
href="/philosophy/philosophy.ca.html" title="català " />
<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" lang="cs" hreflang="cs"
href="/philosophy/philosophy.cs.html" title="ÄeÅ¡tina" />
Index: philosophy/po/fs-motives.translist
===================================================================
RCS file: /web/www/www/philosophy/po/fs-motives.translist,v
retrieving revision 1.20
retrieving revision 1.21
diff -u -b -r1.20 -r1.21
--- philosophy/po/fs-motives.translist 15 Mar 2020 18:34:45 -0000 1.20
+++ philosophy/po/fs-motives.translist 13 Jan 2022 18:10:43 -0000 1.21
@@ -3,7 +3,6 @@
value='<div id="translations">
<p>
<span dir="ltr" class="original">[en] <a lang="en" hreflang="en"
href="/philosophy/fs-motives.en.html">English</a> </span>
-<span dir="ltr">[ar] <a lang="ar" hreflang="ar"
href="/philosophy/fs-motives.ar.html">اÙعربÙØ©</a> </span>
<span dir="ltr">[ca] <a lang="ca" hreflang="ca"
href="/philosophy/fs-motives.ca.html">català </a> </span>
<span dir="ltr">[cs] <a lang="cs" hreflang="cs"
href="/philosophy/fs-motives.cs.html">ÄeÅ¡tina</a> </span>
<span dir="ltr">[de] <a lang="de" hreflang="de"
href="/philosophy/fs-motives.de.html">Deutsch</a> </span>
@@ -22,7 +21,6 @@
</div>' -->
<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="/philosophy/fs-motives.html"
hreflang="x-default" />
<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" lang="en" hreflang="en"
href="/philosophy/fs-motives.en.html" title="English" />
-<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" lang="ar" hreflang="ar"
href="/philosophy/fs-motives.ar.html" title="اÙعربÙØ©" />
<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" lang="ca" hreflang="ca"
href="/philosophy/fs-motives.ca.html" title="català " />
<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" lang="cs" hreflang="cs"
href="/philosophy/fs-motives.cs.html" title="ÄeÅ¡tina" />
<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" lang="de" hreflang="de"
href="/philosophy/fs-motives.de.html" title="Deutsch" />
Index: philosophy/po/right-to-read.translist
===================================================================
RCS file: /web/www/www/philosophy/po/right-to-read.translist,v
retrieving revision 1.19
retrieving revision 1.20
diff -u -b -r1.19 -r1.20
--- philosophy/po/right-to-read.translist 26 Jun 2021 09:29:00 -0000
1.19
+++ philosophy/po/right-to-read.translist 13 Jan 2022 18:10:43 -0000
1.20
@@ -3,7 +3,6 @@
value='<div id="translations">
<p>
<span dir="ltr" class="original">[en] <a lang="en" hreflang="en"
href="/philosophy/right-to-read.en.html">English</a> </span>
-<span dir="ltr">[ar] <a lang="ar" hreflang="ar"
href="/philosophy/right-to-read.ar.html">اÙعربÙØ©</a> </span>
<span dir="ltr">[bg] <a lang="bg" hreflang="bg"
href="/philosophy/right-to-read.bg.html">бÑлгаÑÑки</a> </span>
<span dir="ltr">[ca] <a lang="ca" hreflang="ca"
href="/philosophy/right-to-read.ca.html">català </a> </span>
<span dir="ltr">[cs] <a lang="cs" hreflang="cs"
href="/philosophy/right-to-read.cs.html">ÄeÅ¡tina</a> </span>
@@ -35,7 +34,6 @@
</div>' -->
<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="/philosophy/right-to-read.html"
hreflang="x-default" />
<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" lang="en" hreflang="en"
href="/philosophy/right-to-read.en.html" title="English" />
-<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" lang="ar" hreflang="ar"
href="/philosophy/right-to-read.ar.html" title="اÙعربÙØ©" />
<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" lang="bg" hreflang="bg"
href="/philosophy/right-to-read.bg.html" title="бÑлгаÑÑки" />
<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" lang="ca" hreflang="ca"
href="/philosophy/right-to-read.ca.html" title="català " />
<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" lang="cs" hreflang="cs"
href="/philosophy/right-to-read.cs.html" title="ÄeÅ¡tina" />
Index: gnu/po/thegnuproject.translist
===================================================================
RCS file: /web/www/www/gnu/po/thegnuproject.translist,v
retrieving revision 1.22
retrieving revision 1.23
diff -u -b -r1.22 -r1.23
--- gnu/po/thegnuproject.translist 24 Feb 2021 17:30:37 -0000 1.22
+++ gnu/po/thegnuproject.translist 13 Jan 2022 18:10:43 -0000 1.23
@@ -3,7 +3,6 @@
value='<div id="translations">
<p>
<span dir="ltr" class="original">[en] <a lang="en" hreflang="en"
href="/gnu/thegnuproject.en.html">English</a> </span>
-<span dir="ltr">[ar] <a lang="ar" hreflang="ar"
href="/gnu/thegnuproject.ar.html">اÙعربÙØ©</a> </span>
<span dir="ltr">[ca] <a lang="ca" hreflang="ca"
href="/gnu/thegnuproject.ca.html">català </a> </span>
<span dir="ltr">[cs] <a lang="cs" hreflang="cs"
href="/gnu/thegnuproject.cs.html">ÄeÅ¡tina</a> </span>
<span dir="ltr">[de] <a lang="de" hreflang="de"
href="/gnu/thegnuproject.de.html">Deutsch</a> </span>
@@ -31,7 +30,6 @@
</div>' -->
<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="/gnu/thegnuproject.html"
hreflang="x-default" />
<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" lang="en" hreflang="en"
href="/gnu/thegnuproject.en.html" title="English" />
-<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" lang="ar" hreflang="ar"
href="/gnu/thegnuproject.ar.html" title="اÙعربÙØ©" />
<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" lang="ca" hreflang="ca"
href="/gnu/thegnuproject.ca.html" title="català " />
<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" lang="cs" hreflang="cs"
href="/gnu/thegnuproject.cs.html" title="ÄeÅ¡tina" />
<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" lang="de" hreflang="de"
href="/gnu/thegnuproject.de.html" title="Deutsch" />
Index: philosophy/po/philosophy.ar.po
===================================================================
RCS file: philosophy/po/philosophy.ar.po
diff -N philosophy/po/philosophy.ar.po
--- philosophy/po/philosophy.ar.po 19 Aug 2021 15:03:14 -0000 1.79
+++ /dev/null 1 Jan 1970 00:00:00 -0000
@@ -1,333 +0,0 @@
-# Arabic translation of http://www.gnu.org/philosophy/philosophy.html
-# Copyright (C) 2013 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
-# This file is distributed under the same license as the original article.
-#
-# Rafik E. Younan <rafik.younan@phoenixegypt.com>, 2013.
-# Oct 2014: remove wrong msgstr's, trivially update a few strings (T.
Godefroy).
-# June 2019: id.
-# May 2021: standardize the copyright line.
-#
-msgid ""
-msgstr ""
-"Project-Id-Version: philosophy.html\n"
-"POT-Creation-Date: 2021-08-19 14:56+0000\n"
-"PO-Revision-Date: 2013-01-16 19:10+0200\n"
-"Last-Translator: Rafik E. Younan <rafik.youan@phoenixegypt.com>\n"
-"Language-Team: Arabic <www-ar-translators@gnu.org>\n"
-"Language: ar\n"
-"MIME-Version: 1.0\n"
-"Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8\n"
-"Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit\n"
-"Outdated-Since: 2013-06-18 05:25+0000\n"
-"X-Poedit-Language: Arabic\n"
-"X-Generator: Lokalize 1.0\n"
-"Plural-Forms: nplurals=2; plural=(n != 1);\n"
-
-#. type: Content of: <title>
-msgid "Philosophy of the GNU Project - GNU Project - Free Software Foundation"
-msgstr "ÙÙسÙØ© Ù
شرÙع غÙÙ - Ù
شرÙع غÙÙ - Ù
ؤسسة
اÙبرÙ
جÙات اÙØرة"
-
-#. type: Content of: <h2>
-msgid "Philosophy of the GNU Project"
-msgstr "ÙÙسÙØ© Ù
شرÙع غÙÙ"
-
-#. type: Content of: <div><div><p>
-msgid ""
-"<em>Free software</em> means that the software's users have freedom. (The "
-"issue is not about price.) We developed the GNU operating system so that "
-"users can have freedom in their computing."
-msgstr ""
-"<em>اÙبرÙ
جÙات اÙØرة</em> تعÙ٠اÙØرÙØ© ÙÙ
ستخدÙ
Ù
اÙبرÙ
جÙات. )اÙÙضÙØ© ÙÙست اÙسعر"
-"(. ÙØÙ ÙØ·Ùر ÙظاÙ
اÙتشغÙ٠جÙÙ Øت٠ÙÙا٠اÙÙ
ستخدÙ
ØرÙØ© اÙجÙسبة."
-
-#. type: Content of: <div><div><p>
-msgid ""
-"Specifically, free software means users have the <a href=\"/philosophy/free-"
-"sw.html\">four essential freedoms</a>: (0) to run the program, (1) to study "
-"and change the program in source code form, (2) to redistribute exact "
-"copies, and (3) to distribute modified versions."
-msgstr ""
-"باÙتØدÙØ¯Ø Ø§ÙبرÙ
جÙات اÙØرة تعÙ٠أ٠ÙÙÙ
ستخدÙ
<a href=\"/philosophy/free-sw.html"
-"\">أربع ØرÙات</a>: (0) تشغÙ٠اÙبرÙاÙ
Ø¬Ø (1) دراسة
ÙتغÙÙر اÙبرÙاÙ
ج Ù٠صÙرة "
-"Ø£ÙÙاد٠اÙÙ
صدرÙØ©Ø (2) إعادة تÙزÙع اÙÙسخة
اÙأصÙÙØ©Ø (3) ÙتÙزÙع اÙÙسخة اÙÙ
عدÙØ©."
-
-#. type: Content of: <div><div><p>
-msgid ""
-"Software differs from material objects—such as chairs, sandwiches, and "
-"gasoline—in that it can be copied and changed much more easily. These "
-"facilities are why software is useful; we believe a program's users should "
-"be free to take advantage of them, not solely its developer."
-msgstr ""
-"تختÙ٠اÙبرÙاÙ
ج ع٠اÙأشÙاء اÙÙ
ادÙØ©— Ø Ù
ث٠اÙÙØ±Ø§Ø³Ù Ø ÙاÙسÙدÙÙشات Ø "
-"ÙاÙبÙزÙÙ— Ø Ù
Ù ØÙØ« Ø£ÙÙ ÙÙ
ÙÙ ÙسخÙا
ÙتغÙÙرÙا بسÙÙÙØ© Ø£Ùبر. Ùذ٠اÙاخÙاص ÙÙ "
-"اÙت٠تجع٠اÙبراÙ
ج Ù
ÙÙØ¯Ø©Ø ÙÙØÙ Ùر٠أÙÙ Ùجب
Ø£Ù ÙÙÙÙ Ù
ستخدÙ
٠اÙبرÙاÙ
ج ÙادرÙÙ "
-"عÙ٠اÙاستÙادة Ù
ÙÙا ÙÙÙس Ù
Ø·ÙرÙÙا ÙÙØ·."
-
-#. type: Content of: <div><div><div><p>
-msgid "For further reading, please select a section from the menu above."
-msgstr "ÙÙراءة اÙÙ
زÙØ¯Ø Ù
Ù ÙضÙ٠إختÙر ÙÙرة Ù
Ù
اÙÙائÙ
Ø© أعÙاÙ."
-
-#. type: Content of: <div><div><p>
-msgid ""
-"See <a href=\"//audio-video.gnu.org/\">audio-video.gnu.org</a> for "
-"recordings of Richard Stallman's speeches."
-msgstr ""
-
-#. type: Content of: <h3>
-msgid "Introduction"
-msgstr "Ù
ÙدÙ
Ø©"
-
-#. type: Content of: <div><div><ul><li>
-msgid "<a href=\"/philosophy/free-sw.html\">What is Free Software?</a>"
-msgstr "<a href=\"/philosophy/free-sw.html\">Ù
ا Ù٠اÙبرÙ
جÙات
اÙØرةØ</a>"
-
-#. type: Content of: <div><div><ul><li>
-msgid ""
-"<a href=\"/philosophy/free-software-even-more-important.html\"> Why we must "
-"insist on free software</a>"
-msgstr ""
-"<a href=\"/philosophy/free-software-even-more-important.html\">اÙبرÙ
جÙات "
-"اÙØرة أضØت Ø£Ùثر Ø£ÙÙ
ÙØ© Ù
٠أ٠ÙÙت Ù
ضÙ</a>"
-
-#. type: Content of: <div><div><ul><li>
-msgid ""
-"<a href=\"/proprietary/proprietary.html\"> Proprietary software is often "
-"malware</a>"
-msgstr ""
-
-#. type: Content of: <div><div><ul><li>
-msgid "<a href=\"/gnu/gnu.html\">History of GNU/Linux</a>"
-msgstr "<a href=\"/gnu/gnu.html\">تارÙØ® غÙÙ/ÙÙÙÙس.</a>"
-
-#. type: Content of: <div><div><ul><li>
-msgid "<a href=\"/philosophy/pragmatic.html\">Copyleft: Pragmatic Idealism</a>"
-msgstr ""
-"<a href=\"/philosophy/pragmatic.html\">اÙØÙÙ٠اÙÙ
ترÙÙØ©: اÙÙ
ثاÙÙØ© اÙÙاÙعÙØ© </"
-"a>"
-
-#. type: Content of: <div><div><ul><li>
-msgid ""
-"<a href=\"/philosophy/free-doc.html\">Why Free Software Needs Free "
-"Documentation</a>"
-msgstr ""
-"<a href=\"/philosophy/free-doc.html\">ÙÙ
اذا تØتاج اÙبرÙ
جÙات اÙØرة Ø¥ÙÙ Ùثائ٠"
-"Ù
جاÙÙØ©</a>"
-
-#. type: Content of: <div><div><ul><li>
-msgid "<a href=\"/philosophy/selling.html\">Selling Free Software</a> is OK!"
-msgstr ""
-"<a href=\"/philosophy/selling.html\">بÙع اÙبرÙ
جÙات
اÙØرة</a>Ù٠أÙ
ر Ù
ÙبÙÙ!"
-
-#. type: Content of: <div><div><ul><li>
-msgid ""
-"<a href=\"/philosophy/fs-motives.html\">Motives For Writing Free Software</a>"
-msgstr ""
-"<a href=\"/philosophy/fs-motives.html\">ØرÙت٠تØتاج ÙÙبرÙ
جÙات اÙØرة</a>"
-
-#. type: Content of: <div><div><ul><li>
-msgid ""
-"<a href=\"/philosophy/right-to-read.html\">The Right to Read: A Dystopian "
-"Short Story</a> by <a href=\"http://www.stallman.org/\";> Richard Stallman</a>"
-msgstr ""
-"<a href=\"/philosophy/right-to-read.html\">اÙØÙ ÙÙ Ùراءة :
Ùبائس Ùصة ÙصÙرة</"
-"a> Ù
Ù ÙبÙ<a href=\"http://www.stallman.org/\";> رÙتشارد ستاÙÙ
اÙ</a>"
-
-#. type: Content of: <div><div><ul><li>
-msgid ""
-"<a href=\"/philosophy/open-source-misses-the-point.html\">Why “Open "
-"Source” misses the point of Free Software</a>"
-msgstr ""
-"<a href=\"/philosophy/open-source-misses-the-point.html\">ÙÙ
اذا
تتجاÙز "
-"”اÙÙ
صادر اÙÙ
ÙتÙØØ©“ ع٠اÙÙÙطة
اÙأساسÙØ© ÙÙبرÙ
جÙات اÙØرة</a>"
-
-#. type: Content of: <div><div><ul><li>
-msgid ""
-"<a href=\"/philosophy/when-free-software-isnt-practically-superior.html"
-"\">When Free Software Isn't (Practically) Superior</a>"
-msgstr ""
-"<a href=\"/philosophy/when-free-software-isnt-practically-superior.html"
-"\">Ù
ت٠Ùا تÙÙ٠اÙبرÙ
جÙات اÙØرة (عÙ
ÙÙاÙ)
Ø£ÙضÙ</a>"
-
-#. type: Content of: <div><div><ul><li>
-msgid ""
-"<a href=\"/philosophy/government-free-software.html\">Measures governments "
-"can use to promote free software</a>"
-msgstr ""
-"<a href=\"/philosophy/government-free-software.html\"> اÙإجراءات
اÙÙ
Ù
ÙÙØ© "
-"ÙÙØÙÙÙ
ات ÙدعÙ
اÙبرÙ
جÙات اÙØرة </a>"
-
-#. type: Content of: <div><div><ul><li>
-msgid "<a href=\"/education/education.html\">Free software in education</a>"
-msgstr "<a href=\"/education/education.html\">اÙبرÙ
جÙات اÙØرة
ÙاÙتعÙÙÙ
</a>"
-
-#. type: Content of: <div><div><p>
-msgid ""
-"We also keep a list of <a href=\"/links/links.html#FreedomOrganizations"
-"\">Organizations that Work for Freedom in Computer Development and "
-"Electronic Communications</a>."
-msgstr ""
-"ÙÙÙÙ
Ø£Ùضا٠باÙÙ
ØاÙظ٠عÙÙ ÙائÙ
Ø© <a
href=\"/links/links."
-"html#FreedomOrganizations\">اÙÙ
ÙظÙ
ات اÙت٠تعÙ
Ù Ù
٠أجÙ
اÙØرÙØ© Ù٠تÙÙ
ÙØ© "
-"اÙÙÙ
بÙÙتر ÙاÙاتصاÙات اÙØ¥ÙÙترÙÙÙØ©</a>."
-
-#. TRANSLATORS: Use space (SPC) as msgstr if you don't have notes.
-#. type: Content of: <div>
-msgid "*GNUN-SLOT: TRANSLATOR'S NOTES*"
-msgstr " "
-
-#. type: Content of: <div><div><p>
-msgid ""
-"Please send general FSF & GNU inquiries to <a href=\"mailto:gnu@gnu.org";
-"\"><gnu@gnu.org></a>. There are also <a href=\"/contact/\">other ways "
-"to contact</a> the FSF. Broken links and other corrections or suggestions "
-"can be sent to <a href=\"mailto:webmasters@gnu.org\";><webmasters@gnu."
-"org></a>."
-msgstr ""
-"Ùرج٠إرسا٠اÙاستÙسارات اÙÙ
تعÙÙØ© باÙÙ FSF
ÙGNU Ø¥ÙÙ <a href=\"mailto:gnu@gnu.";
-"org\"><gnu@gnu.org></a>. ÙÙا٠أÙضا٠طر٠أخرÙ
ÙÙاتصا٠<a href=\"/contact/"
-"\"><span xml:lang=\"en\" lang=\"en\"> </span> بÙ
ؤسسة اÙبرÙ
جÙات
اÙØرة</a>. "
-"Ùرج٠إرسا٠اÙÙصÙات اÙÙ
ÙÙطعة Ùأ٠تصØÙØات
أ٠اÙتراØات Ø¥ÙÙ <a href=\"mailto:";
-"webmasters@gnu.org\"><webmasters@gnu.org></a>."
-
-#. TRANSLATORS: Ignore the original text in this paragraph,
-#. replace it with the translation of these two:
-#. We work hard and do our best to provide accurate, good quality
-#. translations. However, we are not exempt from imperfection.
-#. Please send your comments and general suggestions in this regard
-#. to <a href="mailto:web-translators@gnu.org";>
-#. <web-translators@gnu.org></a>.</p>
-#. <p>For information on coordinating and contributing translations of
-#. our web pages, see <a
-#. href="/server/standards/README.translations.html">Translations
-#. README</a>.
-#. type: Content of: <div><div><p>
-msgid ""
-"Please see the <a href=\"/server/standards/README.translations.html"
-"\">Translations README</a> for information on coordinating and contributing "
-"translations of this article."
-msgstr ""
-"رغÙ
بذÙÙا Ùصار٠جÙدÙا ÙتÙÙÙر ترجÙ
ات دÙÙÙØ©
ذات جÙدة عاÙÙØ©Ø ÙØ¥ÙÙا Ùا Ùدع٠ÙÙ
ا٠"
-"اÙÙصÙص ÙØ®ÙÙÙا Ù
٠اÙأخطاء. Ùرج٠إرساÙ
اÙتعÙÙÙات ÙاÙÙ
ÙترØات اÙÙ
تعÙÙØ© بÙذا "
-"اÙشأ٠إÙ٠عÙÙا٠اÙبرÙد اÙØ¥ÙÙترÙÙÙ <a
href=\"mailto:web-translators@gnu.org";
-"\"> <web-translators@gnu.org></a>.</p> <p>ÙÙØصÙ٠عÙ٠أ٠Ù
عÙÙÙ
ات بشأ٠"
-"تÙسÙÙ ÙتÙدÙÙ
ترجÙ
ات Ù
ÙÙعÙا اÙØ¥ÙÙترÙÙÙØ
Ùرج٠اÙاطÙاع عÙ٠اÙرابط اÙتاÙÙ <a "
-"href=\"/server/standards/README.translations.html\">دÙÙ٠اÙترجÙ
Ø©</a>."
-
-#. type: Content of: <div><p>
-#, fuzzy
-msgid "Copyright © 2013, 2015-2018, 2021 Free Software Foundation, Inc."
-msgstr ""
-"ØÙÙ٠اÙÙشر:</p><p style=\"direction: ltr\">\n"
-"Copyright © 2013 Free Software Foundation, Inc. (Ù
ؤسسة اÙبرÙ
جÙات اÙØرة)"
-
-#. type: Content of: <div><p>
-msgid ""
-"This page is licensed under a <a rel=\"license\" href=\"http://";
-"creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nd/4.0/\">Creative Commons Attribution-"
-"NoDerivatives 4.0 International License</a>."
-msgstr ""
-"Ùذا اÙÙ
ÙصÙÙÙÙ Ù
رخص بÙ
Ùجب <a rel=\"license\"
href=\"http://creativecommons.org/";
-"licenses/by-nd/4.0/deed.ar\">رخصة اÙÙ
شاع اÙإبداع٠Ùسب
اÙÙ
صÙÙ - Ù
Ùع اÙاشتÙا٠"
-"4.0 دÙÙÙ</a>."
-
-#. TRANSLATORS: Use space (SPC) as msgstr if you don't want credits.
-#. type: Content of: <div><div>
-msgid "*GNUN-SLOT: TRANSLATOR'S CREDITS*"
-msgstr ""
-"تÙ
تØدÙØ« اÙترجÙ
Ø© Ù
Ù Ùب٠<em>ÙشاÙ
ÙاÙ
Ùت</em>.<br
/>ÙرÙ٠اÙترجÙ
Ø© اÙعربÙØ© "
-"بإشرا٠<em>ØساÙ
ØسÙÙ</em>."
-
-#. timestamp start
-#. type: Content of: <div><p>
-msgid "Updated:"
-msgstr "ØÙدÙثت:"
-
-#~ msgid ""
-#~ "We also maintain a list of <a href=\"/philosophy/latest-articles.html"
-#~ "\">most recently added articles</a>."
-#~ msgstr ""
-#~ "ÙÙدÙÙا ÙائÙ
Ø© Ù
Ù <a
href=\"/philosophy/latest-articles.html\">Ø£Øدث "
-#~ "اÙÙ
ÙاÙات اÙÙ
ضاÙØ©</a>."
-
-#~ msgid ""
-#~ "<a href=\"/philosophy/open-source-misses-the-point.html\">Why \"Open "
-#~ "Source\" misses the point of Free Software</a>"
-#~ msgstr ""
-#~ "<a href=\"/philosophy/open-source-misses-the-point.html\">ÙÙ
اذا
تتجاÙز "
-#~ "”اÙÙ
صادر اÙÙ
ÙتÙØØ©“ ع٠اÙÙÙطة
اÙأساسÙØ© ÙÙبرÙ
جÙات اÙØرة</a>"
-
-#~ msgid ""
-#~ "<a href=\"/philosophy/why-free.html\">Why Software Should Not Have "
-#~ "Owners</a>"
-#~ msgstr ""
-#~ "<a href=\"/philosophy/why-free.html\">ÙÙ
اذا Ùا ÙÙبغ٠ÙÙبرÙ
جÙات Ø£Ù ÙÙ
ÙÙÙا "
-#~ "أصØاب</a>"
-
-#~ msgid ""
-#~ "Our development of the GNU free software operating system is motivated by "
-#~ "the philosophy of the free software movement. This page provides an "
-#~ "introduction to that philosophy, links to the latest articles we have on "
-#~ "the subject, and links to further resources."
-#~ msgstr ""
-#~ "اÙØاÙز Ùراء تÙÙ
ÙØ© برÙ
جÙات غÙ٠اÙØرة
ÙÙظاÙ
اÙتشغÙÙ ÙÙ ÙÙسÙØ© ØرÙØ© اÙبرÙ
جÙات "
-#~ "اÙØرة. تشÙÙ Ùذ٠اÙصÙØØ© Ù
دخÙا Ø¥Ù٠تÙÙ
اÙÙÙسÙØ©Ø Ùتص٠بأØدث اÙÙ
ÙاÙات ÙدÙÙا "
-#~ "ØÙÙ Ùذا اÙÙ
ÙضÙع Ø Ùتص٠إÙÙ Ù
Ùارد أخرÙ."
-
-#~ msgid "Latest Articles"
-#~ msgstr "Ø£Øدث اÙÙ
ÙاÙات"
-
-#~ msgid ""
-#~ "Hot off the presses, here are the latest published articles on free "
-#~ "software and the GNU project."
-#~ msgstr ""
-#~ "اÙÙ
Ùاد اÙÙ
ÙØ´Ùرة اÙغÙر Ù
عÙÙØ© ÙÙصØاÙØ©Ø
ÙÙا Ø£Øدث اÙÙ
Ùاد اÙÙ
ÙØ´Ùرة ع٠"
-#~ "اÙبرÙ
جÙات اÙØرة ÙÙ
شرÙع غÙÙ."
-
-#~ msgid ""
-#~ "<a href=\"http://www.guardian.co.uk/technology/blog/2010/apr/06/digital-";
-#~ "economy-bill-richard-stallman\">Digital economy bill: One clown giveth "
-#~ "and the other clown taketh away</a>"
-#~ msgstr ""
-#~ "<a href=\"http://www.guardian.co.uk/technology/blog/2010/apr/06/digital-";
-#~ "economy-bill-richard-stallman\">إعÙا٠اÙاÙتصاد اÙرÙÙ
Ù :
Ù
Ùرج ÙاØد Ùعط٠٠"
-#~ "Ù
Ùرج أخر ÙÙزع</a>"
-
-#~ msgid "About Free Software"
-#~ msgstr "ØÙ٠اÙبرÙ
جÙات اÙØرة"
-
-#~ msgid ""
-#~ "We have many more articles than can fit on a single page. You can find "
-#~ "them on the pages linked here."
-#~ msgstr ""
-#~ "ÙدÙÙا اÙعدÙد Ù
٠اÙÙ
ÙاÙات Ø£Ùثر Ù
Ù
ا ÙÙ
ÙÙ
اØتÙاء٠عÙ٠صÙØØ© ÙاØدة. ÙÙ
ÙÙÙ "
-#~ "اÙعثÙر عÙÙÙا عÙ٠صÙØات ترتبط ÙÙا."
-
-#~ msgid ""
-#~ "<a href=\"/philosophy/essays-and-articles.html\"> Essays and articles.</"
-#~ "a> A series of articles describing the philosophy of the free software "
-#~ "movement, which is the motivation for our development of the free "
-#~ "software operating system GNU."
-#~ msgstr ""
-#~ ".تعدد Ùذ٠اÙصÙØØ© سÙسÙØ© Ù
٠اÙÙ
ÙاÙات اÙتÙ
تص٠ÙÙسÙØ© ØرÙØ© اÙبرÙ
جÙات اÙØرة Ø "
-#~ "ÙاÙت٠Ù٠اÙداÙع ÙتÙÙ
ÙتÙا ÙÙظاÙ
تشغÙÙ
اÙبرÙ
جÙات اÙØرة غÙÙ"
-
-#~ msgid ""
-#~ "<a href=\"/philosophy/speeches-and-interview.html\">Speeches and "
-#~ "interviews.</a> Links to interviews and Transcriptions of speeches about "
-#~ "free software and the GNU project."
-#~ msgstr ""
-#~ "<a href=\"/philosophy/speeches-and-interview.html\">اÙخطب ÙاÙÙ
ÙابÙات.</"
-#~ "a>رÙابط Ø¥ÙÙ Ùسخ Ù
٠اÙÙ
ÙابÙات ÙاÙخطابات
ØÙ٠اÙبرÙ
جÙات اÙØرة ÙÙ
شرÙع غÙÙ."
-
-#~ msgid ""
-#~ "<a href=\"/philosophy/third-party-ideas.html\">Third party ideas.</a> "
-#~ "These articles give other people's philosophical opinions in support of "
-#~ "free software, or related issues, and don't speak for the GNU "
-#~ "project—but we more or less agree with them."
-#~ msgstr ""
-#~ "<a href=\"/philosophy/third-party-ideas.html\">Ø£ÙÙار طرÙ
ثاÙØ«.</a> تعط٠"
-#~ "Ùذ٠اÙÙ
ÙاÙات آراء اÙÙاس اÙآخرÙÙ
اÙÙÙسÙÙØ© Ù٠دعÙ
اÙبرÙ
جÙات اÙØرة Ø£Ù Ù
سائ٠"
-#~ "Ù
تعÙÙØ© بÙØ§Ø ÙÙا تتØدث ع٠Ù
شرÙع غÙÙ
t—ÙÙÙÙ ÙØÙ ÙتÙÙ Ù
عÙÙ
تÙرÙباÙ."
-
-#~ msgid "Links to more philosophy articles"
-#~ msgstr "اÙÙ
زÙد Ù
Ù Ù
ÙاÙات اÙÙÙسÙØ©"
Index: philosophy/po/fs-motives.ar.po
===================================================================
RCS file: philosophy/po/fs-motives.ar.po
diff -N philosophy/po/fs-motives.ar.po
--- philosophy/po/fs-motives.ar.po 5 Sep 2021 08:35:47 -0000 1.36
+++ /dev/null 1 Jan 1970 00:00:00 -0000
@@ -1,343 +0,0 @@
-# Arabic translation of http://www.gnu.org/philosophy/fs-motives.html
-# Copyright (C) 2010 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
-# This file is distributed under the same license as the original article.
-# FIRST AUTHOR <EMAIL@ADDRESS>, YEAR.
-# Oct 2014: Trivial update of a few strings (T. Godefroy).
-# Faycal Alimi <faycal_alami@hotmail.com>, 2014.
-# May 2021: clean up, standardize the copyright line.
-#
-msgid ""
-msgstr ""
-"Project-Id-Version: fs-motives.html\n"
-"POT-Creation-Date: 2021-09-05 08:26+0000\n"
-"PO-Revision-Date: 2014-11-29 16:21+0100\n"
-"Last-Translator: faycal <faycal_alami@hotmail.com>\n"
-"Language-Team: Arabic <hicham@gmail.com>\n"
-"Language: ar\n"
-"MIME-Version: 1.0\n"
-"Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8\n"
-"Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit\n"
-"X-Outdated-Since: 2021-07-16 16:56+0000\n"
-
-#. type: Content of: <title>
-msgid ""
-"Motives For Writing Free Software - GNU Project - Free Software Foundation"
-msgstr "دÙاÙع Ùتابة اÙبرÙ
جÙات اÙØرة - Ù
شرÙع
غÙÙ - Ù
ؤسسة اÙبرÙ
جÙات اÙØرة"
-
-#. type: Content of: <div><h2>
-msgid "Motives For Writing Free Software"
-msgstr "دÙاÙع Ùتابة اÙبرÙ
جÙات اÙØرة"
-
-#. type: Content of: <div><p>
-msgid ""
-"Don't make the mistake of supposing that all software development has one "
-"simple motive. Here are some of the motives we know influence many people "
-"to write free software."
-msgstr ""
-"Ùا ترتÙب خطأ اÙاعتÙاد بأ٠تطÙÙر اÙبرÙ
جÙات
ÙÙÙÙ
عÙ٠داÙع ÙاØد. ÙÙÙ
ا ÙÙ٠بعض "
-"اÙدÙاÙع اÙÙاÙ
ÙØ© Ùراء Ùتابة اÙبرÙ
جÙات
اÙØرة."
-
-#. type: Content of: <div><dl><dt>
-msgid "Fun"
-msgstr "Ù
تعة"
-
-#. type: Content of: <div><dl><dd>
-msgid ""
-"For some people, often the best programmers, writing software is the "
-"greatest fun, especially when there is no boss to tell you what to do."
-msgstr ""
-"باÙÙسبة Ùبعض اÙÙØ§Ø³Ø ÙÙÙ ÙØ«Ùر Ù
٠اÙØ£ØÙاÙ
Ø£Ùض٠اÙÙ
برÙ
جÙÙØ ÙØ¥Ù Ùتابة اÙبرÙ
جÙات "
-"Ù٠أعظÙ
Ù
ØªØ¹Ø©Ø Ø®Ø§ØµØ© عÙدÙ
ا Ùا ÙÙجد أ٠رئÙس
ÙÙÙÙ ÙÙ Ù
ا Ùجب ÙعÙÙ."
-
-#. type: Content of: <div><dl><dd>
-msgid "Nearly all free software developers share this motive."
-msgstr "Ù
عظÙ
Ù
Ø·Ùر٠اÙبرÙ
جÙات اÙØرة ÙتشارÙÙÙ
Ùذا اÙداÙع."
-
-#. type: Content of: <div><dl><dt>
-msgid "Political idealism"
-msgstr "اÙÙ
ثاÙÙØ© اÙسÙاسÙØ©"
-
-#. type: Content of: <div><dl><dd>
-msgid ""
-"The desire to build a world of freedom, and help computer users escape from "
-"the power of software developers."
-msgstr ""
-"اÙرغبة Ù٠بÙاء عاÙÙ
تسÙد٠اÙØرÙØ© ÙÙ
ساعدة Ù
ستخدÙ
٠اÙØاسÙب عÙ٠اÙÙرÙب Ù
Ù ÙÙØ© "
-"Ù
Ø·Ùر٠اÙبراÙ
ج."
-
-#. type: Content of: <div><dl><dt>
-msgid "To be admired"
-msgstr "Ø£Ù ÙÙÙÙ ÙÙ Ù
عجبÙÙ"
-
-#. type: Content of: <div><dl><dd>
-msgid ""
-"If you write a successful, useful free program, the users will admire you. "
-"That feels very good."
-msgstr ""
-"إذا ÙÙت تÙتب براÙ
ج Øرة Ù
ÙÙدة ÙÙاجØØ©Ø ÙØ¥Ù Ù
٠شأÙÙا أ٠تجع٠اÙÙ
ستخدÙ
ÙÙ Ù
عجبÙÙ "
-"بÙ. ÙÙذا ÙØ®ÙÙ ÙدÙ٠شعÙرا٠جÙدا٠جدÙا."
-
-#. type: Content of: <div><dl><dt>
-msgid "Professional reputation"
-msgstr "سÙ
عة Ù
ÙÙÙØ©"
-
-#. type: Content of: <div><dl><dd>
-msgid ""
-"If you write a successful, useful free program, that will suffice to show "
-"you are a good programmer."
-msgstr ""
-"إذا ÙÙت تÙتب براÙ
ج Øرة Ù
ÙÙدة ÙÙاجØØ©Ø ÙØ¥Ù Ù
٠شأÙÙا أ٠تÙÙÙ ÙاÙÙØ© ÙإظÙار Ù
ا "
-"إذا ÙÙت Ù
برÙ
جا جÙداÙ."
-
-#. type: Content of: <div><dl><dt>
-msgid "Community"
-msgstr "اÙØس اÙجÙ
اعÙ"
-
-#. type: Content of: <div><dl><dd>
-msgid ""
-"Being part of a community by collaborating with other people in public free "
-"software projects is a motive for many programmers."
-msgstr ""
-"باÙÙسبة ÙÙعدÙد Ù
٠اÙÙ
برÙ
جÙÙØ Ùإ٠اÙداÙع
Ùراء اÙÙ
شارÙØ© ÙÙÙ
Ù Ù٠اÙاÙتÙ
اء "
-"اÙجÙ
اعÙ. ÙØ°ÙÙ Ù
Ù Ø®Ùا٠اÙتعاÙÙ Ù
ع اÙآخرÙÙ
ÙÙ Ù
شارÙع عÙ
ÙÙ
ÙØ© ÙتطÙÙر اÙبرÙ
جÙات "
-"اÙØرة."
-
-#. type: Content of: <div><dl><dt>
-msgid "Education"
-msgstr "اÙتعÙÙÙ
"
-
-#. type: Content of: <div><dl><dd>
-msgid ""
-"If you write free software, it is often an opportunity to dramatically "
-"improve both your technical and social skills; if you are a teacher, "
-"encouraging your students to take part in an existing free software project "
-"or organizing them into a free software project may provide an excellent "
-"opportunity for them."
-msgstr ""
-"Ùتابة اÙبرÙ
جÙات اÙØرة تسÙ
Ø ÙÙ ÙÙ Ù
عظÙ
اÙØ£ØÙا٠بتØسÙÙ Ù
Ùارات٠اÙتÙÙÙØ© "
-"ÙاÙاجتÙ
اعÙØ© بشÙ٠باÙر. إذا ÙÙت أستاذاÙØ
Ùإ٠تشجÙع٠ÙÙØ·Ùبة عÙ٠اÙÙ
شارÙØ© ÙÙ "
-"براÙ
ج Ù
ÙجÙدة ÙتطÙÙر اÙبرÙ
جÙات اÙØرة Ø£Ù
تÙظÙÙ
ÙÙ
ÙÙ Ù
شارÙع Ù
خصصة ÙتطÙÙر "
-"اÙبرÙ
جÙات اÙØرة سÙØ´ÙÙ Ùرصة رائعة باÙÙسبة
ÙÙÙ
. "
-
-#. type: Content of: <div><dl><dt>
-msgid "Gratitude"
-msgstr "اÙاÙ
تÙاÙ"
-
-#. type: Content of: <div><dl><dd>
-msgid ""
-"If you have used the community's free programs for years, and it has been "
-"important to your work, you feel grateful and indebted to their developers. "
-"When you write a program that could be useful to many people, that is your "
-"chance to pay it forward."
-msgstr ""
-"ÙÙ ØاÙØ© استخداÙ
Ù ÙÙبراÙ
ج اÙØرة ÙسÙÙات
عدÙدة ÙاستÙادت٠Ù
ÙÙا Ù٠عÙ
Ù٠بشÙÙ Ø®Ø§ØµØ "
-"ÙØ¥Ù٠ستشعر باÙاÙ
تÙا٠ÙاÙÙض٠ÙÙÙ
Ø·ÙرÙÙ
اÙخاصة بÙا. عÙد Ùتابة ÙبرÙاÙ
ج Ùد ÙÙÙد "
-"اÙÙØ«Ùر Ù
٠اÙÙØ§Ø³Ø ÙØ¥Ù Ùذ٠ستÙÙÙ Ùرصت٠Ùرد
اÙجÙ
ÙÙ."
-
-#. type: Content of: <div><dl><dt>
-msgid "Hatred for Microsoft"
-msgstr "اÙÙراÙÙØ© ÙÙ
اÙÙرÙسÙÙت"
-
-#. type: Content of: <div><dl><dd>
-# | It is a mistake <a href=\"/philosophy/microsoft.html\">to focus our
-# | criticism narrowly on Microsoft</a>. Indeed, Microsoft is evil, since it
-# | makes nonfree software. Even worse, it is often <a
-# | href=\"/philosophy/proprietary/malware-microsoft.html\"> malware</a> in
-# | various ways including <a
-# | href=\"http{+s+}://DefectiveByDesign.org\">DRM</a>. However, many other
-# | companies do these things, and the nastiest enemy of our freedom nowadays
-# | is <a href=\"/philosophy/proprietary/malware-apple.html\">Apple</a>.
-#, fuzzy
-#| msgid ""
-#| "It is a mistake <a href=\"/philosophy/microsoft.html\">to focus our "
-#| "criticism narrowly on Microsoft</a>. Indeed, Microsoft is evil, since it "
-#| "makes nonfree software. Even worse, it is often <a href=\"/philosophy/"
-#| "proprietary/malware-microsoft.html\"> malware</a> in various ways "
-#| "including <a href=\"http://DefectiveByDesign.org\";>DRM</a>. However, "
-#| "many other companies do these things, and the nastiest enemy of our "
-#| "freedom nowadays is <a href=\"/philosophy/proprietary/malware-apple.html"
-#| "\">Apple</a>."
-msgid ""
-"It is a mistake <a href=\"/philosophy/microsoft.html\">to focus our "
-"criticism narrowly on Microsoft</a>. Indeed, Microsoft is evil, since it "
-"makes nonfree software. Even worse, it is often <a href=\"/philosophy/"
-"proprietary/malware-microsoft.html\"> malware</a> in various ways including "
-"<a href=\"https://DefectiveByDesign.org\";>DRM</a>. However, many other "
-"companies do these things, and the nastiest enemy of our freedom nowadays is "
-"<a href=\"/philosophy/proprietary/malware-apple.html\">Apple</a>."
-msgstr ""
-"Ù
٠اÙخطأ Ø£Ù ÙرÙز ÙÙدÙا<a
href=\"/philosophy/microsoft.html\">ØصرÙا٠عÙÙ "
-"Ù
اÙÙرÙسÙÙت</a>. Ù٠اÙÙاÙØ¹Ø Ù
اÙÙرÙسÙÙت
شرÙرة ÙØ£ÙÙا تصÙع براÙ
ج غÙر Ù
جاÙÙØ©. "
-"ÙاÙأسÙØ£ Ù
Ù Ø°Ù٠أ٠اﻷÙ
ر ÙتعÙ٠ببرÙ
جÙات <a
href=\"/philosophy/proprietary/"
-"malware-microsoft.html\"> Ù
ؤذÙØ©</a> Ù٠اÙعدÙد Ù
Ù
اÙØ£ØÙاÙØ Ø¨Ù
ا ÙÙ Ø°Ù٠تطبÙÙ "
-"<a href=\"http://DefectiveByDesign.org\";>إدارة اÙÙÙÙد اÙرÙÙ
ÙØ©</a> ÙÙ "
-"اÙبراÙ
ج. ÙÙ٠اÙعدÙد Ù
٠اÙشرÙات اÙأخر٠تÙÙÙ
بÙاØد Ø£Ù ÙÙ Ù
Ù Ùذ٠اﻷÙ
Ùر. ÙاÙعد٠"
-"اﻷÙبر ÙØرÙتÙا اÙÙÙÙ
Ù٠شرÙØ© <a
href=\"/philosophy/proprietary/malware-apple."
-"html\">أبÙ</a>."
-
-#. type: Content of: <div><dl><dd>
-msgid ""
-"Nonetheless, it is a fact that many people utterly despise Microsoft, and "
-"some contribute to free software based on that feeling."
-msgstr ""
-"باÙإضاÙØ© Ø¥ÙÙ Ø°ÙÙØ Ùإ٠اÙعدÙد Ù
٠اﻷشخاص
ÙØتÙرÙÙ ÙÙÙا٠Ù
اÙÙرÙسÙÙØªØ ÙÙÙا٠اÙبعض "
-"Ù
Ù
Ù ÙدÙعÙÙ
Ùذا اÙØ¥Øساس ÙÙÙ
شارÙØ© ÙÙ Ù
شارÙع
اÙبرÙ
جÙات اÙØرة."
-
-#. type: Content of: <div><dl><dt>
-msgid "Money"
-msgstr "اÙÙ
اÙ"
-
-#. type: Content of: <div><dl><dd>
-msgid ""
-"A considerable number of people are paid to develop free software or have "
-"built businesses around it."
-msgstr ""
-"ÙÙا٠اÙعدÙد Ù
Ù
Ù ÙتÙÙÙÙ Ù
ÙابÙا٠Ù
ادÙاÙ
ÙتطÙÙر اÙبرÙ
جÙات اÙØرة Ø£Ù ÙبÙاء أعÙ
ا٠"
-"ØÙÙÙا."
-
-#. type: Content of: <div><dl><dt>
-msgid "Wanting a better program to use"
-msgstr "اÙرغبة Ù٠اÙØصÙ٠عÙ٠برÙاÙ
ج Ø£ÙضÙ"
-
-#. type: Content of: <div><dl><dd>
-msgid ""
-"People often work on improvements in programs they use, in order to make "
-"them more convenient. (Some commentators recognize no motive other than "
-"this, but their picture of human nature is too narrow.)"
-msgstr ""
-"غاÙبا Ù
ا ÙعÙ
٠اﻷÙراد عÙ٠إدخا٠تØسÙÙات ÙÙ
اÙبراÙ
ج اÙت٠ÙستخدÙ
ÙÙÙØ§Ø ÙØ°ÙÙ "
-"ÙجعÙÙا Ø£Ùثر Ù
ÙاءÙ
Ø©. (بعض اÙÙ
عÙÙÙÙ Ùا
ÙعرÙÙ٠داÙعا٠آخر غÙر ÙØ°Ø§Ø ÙÙÙ٠صÙرتÙÙ
"
-"ع٠اÙطبÙعة اÙبشرÙØ© ضÙÙØ© جدا)."
-
-#. type: Content of: <div><p>
-msgid ""
-"Human nature is complex, and it is quite common for a person to have "
-"multiple simultaneous motives for a single action."
-msgstr ""
-"اÙطبÙعة اÙبشرÙØ© Ù
عÙØ¯Ø©Ø ÙÙ
٠اÙشائع جدا Ø£Ù
ÙÙÙÙ ÙÙØ¥Ùسا٠دÙاÙع Ù
تعددة ÙÙ ÙÙت "
-"ÙاØد ÙعÙ
Ù ÙاØد."
-
-#. type: Content of: <div><p>
-msgid ""
-"Each person is different, and there could be other motives that are missing "
-"from this list. If you know of other motives not listed here, please send "
-"email to <a href=\"mailto:campaigns@gnu.org\";><campaigns@gnu.org></"
-"a>. If we think the other motives are likely to influence many developers, "
-"we will add them to the list."
-msgstr ""
-"ÙختÙÙ Ù٠شخص ع٠اÙØ¢Ø®Ø±Ø ÙÙ
٠اÙÙ
Ù
Ù٠أ٠تÙÙÙ
ÙÙا٠دÙاÙع أخر٠غائبة ع٠ÙØ°Ù "
-"اÙÙائÙ
Ø©. إذا ÙÙت تعر٠دÙاÙع أخر٠غÙر اÙÙ
Ø°ÙÙرة ÙÙØ§Ø ÙÙا تتردد Ù٠إرسا٠رساÙØ© "
-"Ø¥ÙÙ <a href=\"mailto:campaigns@gnu.org\";><campaigns@gnu.org></a>.
Ùإذا "
-"ÙÙا ÙعتÙد أ٠اÙدÙاÙع اÙأخر٠Ùد تؤثر عÙÙ
اÙعدÙد Ù
٠اÙÙ
Ø·ÙرÙÙØ ÙØ¥ÙÙا سÙعÙ
٠عÙÙ "
-"إضاÙتÙا ÙÙÙائÙ
Ø©."
-
-#. TRANSLATORS: Use space (SPC) as msgstr if you don't have notes.
-#. type: Content of: <div>
-msgid "*GNUN-SLOT: TRANSLATOR'S NOTES*"
-msgstr " "
-
-#. type: Content of: <div><div><p>
-msgid ""
-"Please send general FSF & GNU inquiries to <a href=\"mailto:gnu@gnu.org";
-"\"><gnu@gnu.org></a>. There are also <a href=\"/contact/\">other ways "
-"to contact</a> the FSF. Broken links and other corrections or suggestions "
-"can be sent to <a href=\"mailto:webmasters@gnu.org\";><webmasters@gnu."
-"org></a>."
-msgstr ""
-"Ùرج٠إرسا٠اÙاستÙسارات اÙÙ
تعÙÙØ© باÙÙ FSF
ÙGNU Ø¥ÙÙ <a href=\"mailto:gnu@gnu.";
-"org\"><gnu@gnu.org></a>. ÙÙا٠أÙضا٠طر٠أخرÙ
ÙÙاتصا٠<a href=\"/contact/"
-"\"><span xml:lang=\"en\" lang=\"en\"> </span> بÙ
ؤسسة اÙبرÙ
جÙات
اÙØرة</a>. "
-"Ùرج٠إرسا٠اÙÙصÙات اÙÙ
ÙÙطعة Ùأ٠تصØÙØات
أ٠اÙتراØات Ø¥ÙÙ <a href=\"mailto:";
-"webmasters@gnu.org\"><webmasters@gnu.org></a>."
-
-# TODO: submitting -> contributing.
-#. TRANSLATORS: Ignore the original text in this paragraph,
-#. replace it with the translation of these two:
-#. We work hard and do our best to provide accurate, good quality
-#. translations. However, we are not exempt from imperfection.
-#. Please send your comments and general suggestions in this regard
-#. to <a href="mailto:web-translators@gnu.org";>
-#. <web-translators@gnu.org></a>.</p>
-#. <p>For information on coordinating and contributing translations of
-#. our web pages, see <a
-#. href="/server/standards/README.translations.html">Translations
-#. README</a>.
-#. type: Content of: <div><div><p>
-# || No change detected. The change might only be in amounts of spaces.
-#, fuzzy
-#| msgid ""
-#| "Please see the <a href=\"/server/standards/README.translations.html"
-#| "\">Translations README</a> for information on coordinating and "
-#| "contributing translations of this article."
-msgid ""
-"Please see the <a href=\"/server/standards/README.translations.html"
-"\">Translations README</a> for information on coordinating and contributing "
-"translations of this article."
-msgstr ""
-"رغÙ
بذÙÙا Ùصار٠جÙدÙا ÙتÙÙÙر ترجÙ
ات دÙÙÙØ©
ذات جÙدة عاÙÙØ©Ø ÙØ¥ÙÙا Ùا Ùدع٠ÙÙ
ا٠"
-"اÙÙصÙص ÙØ®ÙÙÙا Ù
٠اÙأخطاء. Ùرج٠إرساÙ
اÙتعÙÙÙات ÙاÙÙ
ÙترØات اÙÙ
تعÙÙØ© بÙذا "
-"اÙشأ٠إÙ٠عÙÙا٠اÙبرÙد اÙØ¥ÙÙترÙÙÙ <a
href=\"mailto:web-translators@gnu.org";
-"\"> <web-translators@gnu.org></a>.</p> <p>ÙÙØصÙ٠عÙ٠أ٠Ù
عÙÙÙ
ات بشأ٠"
-"تÙسÙÙ ÙتÙدÙÙ
ترجÙ
ات Ù
ÙÙعÙا اÙØ¥ÙÙترÙÙÙØ
Ùرج٠اÙاطÙاع عÙ٠اÙرابط اÙتاÙÙ <a "
-"href=\"/server/standards/README.translations.html\">دÙÙ٠اÙترجÙ
Ø©</a>."
-
-#. type: Content of: <div><p>
-msgid "Copyright © 2009, 2021 Free Software Foundation, Inc."
-msgstr ""
-"ØÙÙ٠اÙÙشر:</p><p style=\"direction: ltr\">\n"
-"Copyright © 2009, 2021 Free Software Foundation, Inc. (Ù
ؤسسة
اÙبرÙ
جÙات "
-"اÙØرة)"
-
-#. type: Content of: <div><p>
-# || No change detected. The change might only be in amounts of spaces.
-#, fuzzy
-#| msgid ""
-#| "This page is licensed under a <a rel=\"license\" href=\"http://";
-#| "creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nd/4.0/\">Creative Commons Attribution-"
-#| "NoDerivatives 4.0 International License</a>."
-msgid ""
-"This page is licensed under a <a rel=\"license\" href=\"http://";
-"creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nd/4.0/\">Creative Commons Attribution-"
-"NoDerivatives 4.0 International License</a>."
-msgstr ""
-"Ùذا اÙÙ
ÙصÙÙÙÙ Ù
رخص بÙ
Ùجب <a rel=\"license\"
href=\"http://creativecommons.org/";
-"licenses/by-nd/4.0/deed.ar\">رخصة اÙÙ
شاع اÙإبداع٠Ùسب
اÙÙ
صÙÙ - Ù
Ùع اÙاشتÙا٠"
-"4.0 دÙÙÙ</a>."
-
-#. TRANSLATORS: Use space (SPC) as msgstr if you don't want credits.
-#. type: Content of: <div><div>
-msgid "*GNUN-SLOT: TRANSLATOR'S CREDITS*"
-msgstr "تÙ
تØدÙØ« اÙترجÙ
Ø© Ù
Ù Ùب٠<em>ÙÙص٠عÙÙ
Ù
ØسÙÙ</em>."
-
-#. timestamp start
-#. type: Content of: <div><p>
-msgid "Updated:"
-msgstr "ØÙدÙثت:"
-
-#~ msgid ""
-#~ "Please see the <a href=\"/server/standards/README.translations.html"
-#~ "\">Translations README</a> for information on coordinating and submitting "
-#~ "translations of this article."
-#~ msgstr ""
-#~ "رغÙ
بذÙÙا Ùصار٠جÙدÙا ÙتÙÙÙر ترجÙ
ات
دÙÙÙØ© ذات جÙدة عاÙÙØ©Ø ÙØ¥ÙÙا Ùا Ùدع٠"
-#~ "ÙÙ
ا٠اÙÙصÙص ÙØ®ÙÙÙا Ù
٠اÙأخطاء. ÙرجÙ
إرسا٠اÙتعÙÙÙات ÙاÙÙ
ÙترØات اÙÙ
تعÙÙØ© "
-#~ "بÙذا اÙشأ٠إÙ٠عÙÙا٠اÙبرÙد اÙØ¥ÙÙترÙÙÙ <a
href=\"mailto:web-";
-#~ "translators@gnu.org\"> <web-translators@gnu.org></a>.</p>
<p>ÙÙØصÙÙ "
-#~ "عÙ٠أ٠Ù
عÙÙÙ
ات بشأ٠تÙسÙÙ ÙتÙدÙÙ
ترجÙ
ات Ù
ÙÙعÙا اÙØ¥ÙÙترÙÙÙØ Ùرج٠اÙاطÙاع "
-#~ "عÙ٠اÙرابط اÙتاÙÙ <a
href=\"/server/standards/README.translations.html"
-#~ "\">دÙÙ٠اÙترجÙ
Ø©</a>."
-
-#~ msgid "Copyright © 2009 Free Software Foundation, Inc."
-#~ msgstr ""
-#~ "ØÙÙ٠اÙÙشر:</p><p style=\"direction: ltr\">\n"
-#~ "Copyright © 2009 Free Software Foundation, Inc. (Ù
ؤسسة اÙبرÙ
جÙات "
-#~ "اÙØرة)"
-
-#~ msgid ""
-#~ "This page is licensed under a <a rel=\"license\" href=\"http://";
-#~ "creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nd/3.0/us/\">Creative Commons Attribution-"
-#~ "NoDerivs 3.0 United States License</a>."
-#~ msgstr ""
-#~ "Ùذا اÙÙ
ÙصÙÙÙÙ Ù
رخص بÙ
Ùجب <a rel=\"license\"
href=\"http://creativecommons.";
-#~ "org/licenses/by-nd/3.0/us/deed.ar\">رخصة اÙÙ
شاع اÙإبداعÙ
Ùسب اÙÙ
صÙÙ - Ù
Ùع "
-#~ "اÙاشتÙا٠3.0 اÙÙÙاÙات اÙÙ
تØدة</a>."
Index: philosophy/po/right-to-read.ar.po
===================================================================
RCS file: philosophy/po/right-to-read.ar.po
diff -N philosophy/po/right-to-read.ar.po
--- philosophy/po/right-to-read.ar.po 28 Aug 2021 14:06:08 -0000 1.73
+++ /dev/null 1 Jan 1970 00:00:00 -0000
@@ -1,1139 +0,0 @@
-# Arabic translation of http://gnu.org/gnu/right-to-read.html
-# Copyright (C) 2010 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
-# This file is distributed under the same license as the original article.
-#
-# Osama Khalid <osamak@gnu.org>, 2010.
-# Oct 2014: trivial update of a few strings (T. Godefroy).
-# March 2017: clean up, fix links, announcement as in ebooks.
-# June 2019: update references.
-# May 2021: standardize the copyright line.
-#
-msgid ""
-msgstr ""
-"Project-Id-Version: right-to-read.html\n"
-"POT-Creation-Date: 2021-08-28 13:56+0000\n"
-"PO-Revision-Date: 2011-01-21 13:51+0200\n"
-"Last-Translator: Hicham <hicham@gmail.com>\n"
-"Language-Team: Arabic <>\n"
-"Language: ar\n"
-"MIME-Version: 1.0\n"
-"Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8\n"
-"Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit\n"
-"Outdated-Since: 2012-01-09 00:37+0000\n"
-"Plural-Forms: nplurals=6; plural=n==0 ? 0 : n==1 ? 1 : n==2 ? 2 : n%100>=3 "
-"&& n%100<=10 ? 3 : n%100>=11 && n%100<=99 ? 4 : 5;\n"
-"X-Generator: Lokalize 1.0\n"
-
-#. type: Content of: <title>
-msgid "The Right to Read - GNU Project - Free Software Foundation"
-msgstr "Ø٠اÙÙراءة - Ù
شرÙع غÙÙ Ù
ؤسسة اÙبرÙ
جÙات
اÙØرة"
-
-#. type: Content of: <div><h2>
-msgid "The Right to Read"
-msgstr "Ø٠اÙÙراءة"
-
-#. type: Content of: <div><address>
-# || No change detected. The change might only be in amounts of spaces.
-#, fuzzy
-#| msgid "by <a href=\"https://www.stallman.org/\";>Richard Stallman</a>"
-msgid "by <a href=\"https://www.stallman.org/\";>Richard Stallman</a>"
-msgstr "بÙÙÙ
<a href=\"https://www.stallman.org/\";>رÙتشارد
ستÙÙÙ
Ù</a>"
-
-#. type: Content of: <div><p>
-msgid ""
-"From <cite>The Road To Tycho</cite>, a collection of articles about the "
-"antecedents of the Lunarian Revolution, published in Luna City in 2096."
-msgstr ""
-"Ù
Ù <cite>اÙطرÙ٠إÙ٠تÙØ®Ù</cite>Ø<sup><a
href=\"#Tycho\">1</a></sup> ÙÙÙ "
-"Ù
جÙ
Ùعة Ù
ÙاÙات تتÙاÙ٠بداÙات اÙØ«Ùرة
اÙتØررÙØ©Ø ÙÙشرت ÙÙ Ù
دÙÙØ© اÙÙÙ
ر "
-"عاÙ
2096."
-
-#. type: Content of: <div><div><p>
-msgid ""
-"For Dan Halbert, the road to Tycho began in college—when Lissa Lenz "
-"asked to borrow his computer. Hers had broken down, and unless she could "
-"borrow another, she would fail her midterm project. There was no one she "
-"dared ask, except Dan."
-msgstr ""
-"بدأ اÙطرÙ٠إÙ٠تÙخ٠باÙÙسبة Ùدا٠ÙاÙبرت ÙÙ
اÙجاÙ
Ø¹Ø©Ø Ø¹ÙدÙ
ا Ø·Ùبت Ù
ÙÙ ÙÙزا ÙÙÙز "
-"استعارة ØاسÙب٠بسبب تعط٠ØاسÙبÙØ§Ø ÙÙØ£ÙÙا
-Ø¥Ù ÙÙ
تستعر غÙرÙ- Ùد تخÙÙ ÙÙ Ù
شرÙع "
-"Ù
Ùتص٠اÙعاÙ
. ÙÙ
تجرؤ عÙ٠اÙØ·Ùب Ù
٠أØد سÙÙ
داÙ."
-
-#. type: Content of: <div><div><p>
-msgid ""
-"This put Dan in a dilemma. He had to help her—but if he lent her his "
-"computer, she might read his books. Aside from the fact that you could go "
-"to prison for many years for letting someone else read your books, the very "
-"idea shocked him at first. Like everyone, he had been taught since "
-"elementary school that sharing books was nasty and wrong—something "
-"that only pirates would do."
-msgstr ""
-"Ùضع Ø·ÙبÙا دا٠ÙÙ Ù
ÙÙÙ Ù
ØØ±Ø¬Ø ÙÙد Ùا٠ÙاجبÙا
عÙÙ٠أ٠ÙساعدÙØ§Ø ÙÙÙ٠خش٠أ٠تÙرأ "
-"Ùتب٠إ٠أعارÙا ØاسÙبÙØ ÙÙ٠اÙØ£Ù
ر اÙØ°Ù Ùد
ÙÙد٠ب٠إÙ٠اÙسج٠ÙسÙÙات Ø·ÙÙÙØ© "
-"بتÙÙ
Ø© اÙسÙ
Ø§Ø ÙÙآخرÙ٠بÙراءة ÙتبÙØ ÙÙÙ
اÙÙÙرة اÙت٠صÙدÙ
ÙسÙ
اعÙا Ø£ÙÙ Ù
رة. ÙÙد "
-"Ùا٠ÙÙدرÙس ÙÙ
ا ÙÙدرÙس غÙر٠Ù
ÙØ° اÙÙ
رØÙØ©
اÙابتدائÙØ© Ø£Ù Ù
شارÙØ© اÙÙتب تصر٠سÙØ¡ "
-"ÙØ®Ø§Ø·Ø¦Ø ØªØµØ±Ù Ùا ÙÙعÙ٠إÙا اÙÙراصÙØ©."
-
-#. type: Content of: <div><div><p>
-msgid ""
-"And there wasn't much chance that the SPA—the Software Protection "
-"Authority—would fail to catch him. In his software class, Dan had "
-"learned that each book had a copyright monitor that reported when and where "
-"it was read, and by whom, to Central Licensing. (They used this information "
-"to catch reading pirates, but also to sell personal interest profiles to "
-"retailers.) The next time his computer was networked, Central Licensing "
-"would find out. He, as computer owner, would receive the harshest "
-"punishment—for not taking pains to prevent the crime."
-msgstr ""
-"Ùا٠اØتÙ
ا٠اÙÙات٠Ù
Ù SPA (سÙطة ØÙ
اÙØ© اÙبرÙ
جÙات: Software Protection "
-"Authority) ضئÙÙا. ÙÙد تعÙÙ
ÙÙ Øصة اÙبرÙ
جÙات Ø£Ù
ÙÙ Ùتاب ÙØتÙÙ Ù
راÙب ØÙÙÙ Ùشر "
-"Ùرس٠ÙÙت ÙÙ
Ùا٠Ùراءة اÙÙتاب ÙاÙشخص اÙØ°Ù
Ùرأ٠إÙÙ Ù
Ùر اÙترخÙص اÙÙ
رÙزÙ. (ÙاÙÙا "
-"ÙستخدÙ
ÙÙ Ùذ٠اÙÙ
عÙÙÙ
ات ÙÙÙبض عÙÙ ÙراصÙØ©
اÙÙØ±Ø§Ø¡Ø©Ø ÙÙÙÙÙ
ÙاÙÙا Ø£ÙضÙا ÙبÙعÙÙ "
-"سجÙات اÙÙراءة اÙشخصÙØ© Ø¥Ù٠بائع٠اÙÙتب.)
عÙدÙ
ا Ùتص٠ØاسÙب٠باÙشبÙØ©Ø Ø³ÙÙ Ùعر٠"
-"Ù
Ùر اÙترخÙص اÙÙ
رÙز٠بذÙÙØ ÙسÙÙ ÙعاÙب أشد
عÙÙبة -بصÙت٠Ù
اÙ٠اÙØاسÙب- ÙØ£ÙÙ ÙÙ
"
-"ÙÙابد اÙصعاب ÙÙ
Ùع ÙÙÙع اÙجرÙÙ
Ø©."
-
-#. type: Content of: <div><div><p>
-msgid ""
-"Of course, Lissa did not necessarily intend to read his books. She might "
-"want the computer only to write her midterm. But Dan knew she came from a "
-"middle-class family and could hardly afford the tuition, let alone her "
-"reading fees. Reading his books might be the only way she could graduate. "
-"He understood this situation; he himself had had to borrow to pay for all "
-"the research papers he read. (Ten percent of those fees went to the "
-"researchers who wrote the papers; since Dan aimed for an academic career, he "
-"could hope that his own research papers, if frequently referenced, would "
-"bring in enough to repay this loan.)"
-msgstr ""
-"ÙÙ
تÙÙ ÙÙزا ترÙد باÙضرÙرة Ùراءة ÙتبÙ. Ùد
تÙÙ٠أرادت ØاسÙب٠ÙÙتابة Ù
شرÙعÙا. "
-"ÙÙ٠دا٠Ùا٠ÙعÙÙ
Ø£ÙÙا Ù
٠عائÙØ© Ù
٠اÙطبÙØ©
اÙÙ
تÙسطة اÙت٠ÙاÙت باÙÙاد تستطÙع "
-"تØÙ
Ù ÙÙÙØ© اÙØ¯Ø±Ø§Ø³Ø©Ø ÙÙ
ا باÙ٠برسÙÙ
اÙÙراءة.
Ùد تÙÙÙ Ùراءة Ùتب٠اÙسبÙ٠اÙÙØÙد "
-"ÙÙا ÙتÙجØ. Ùا٠ÙتÙÙÙ
اÙÙ
ÙÙÙØ ÙÙÙد اضطر ÙÙ
ÙÙاÙتراض ÙÙدÙع Ø«Ù
٠اÙبØÙØ« اÙت٠"
-"ÙرأÙا. (عÙشر Ø°Ù٠اÙØ«Ù
Ù Ùا٠ÙÙباØØ«Ù٠اÙØ°Ù
ÙتبÙا اÙأبØØ§Ø«Ø Ùا٠دا٠ÙØ£Ù
٠أ٠"
-"تساعد٠أÙراÙ٠اÙبØØ«ÙØ© -إذا Ùثر اÙاستشÙاد
بÙا- Ù٠تسدÙد اÙÙرض). "
-
-#. type: Content of: <div><div><p>
-msgid ""
-"Later on, Dan would learn there was a time when anyone could go to the "
-"library and read journal articles, and even books, without having to pay. "
-"There were independent scholars who read thousands of pages without "
-"government library grants. But in the 1990s, both commercial and nonprofit "
-"journal publishers had begun charging fees for access. By 2047, libraries "
-"offering free public access to scholarly literature were a dim memory."
-msgstr ""
-"عÙÙ
دا٠ÙاØÙÙا Ø£ÙÙ ÙÙ Ù
ا Ù
ض٠Ùا٠اÙÙاس
ÙستطÙعÙ٠اÙØ°Ùاب Ø¥Ù٠اÙÙ
Ùتبة ÙÙراءة "
-"اÙÙ
ÙاÙات اÙصØÙÙØ©Ø Ø¨Ù ÙØت٠اÙÙØªØ¨Ø Ø¨Ø¯ÙÙ
اÙدÙع. Ùا٠آÙا٠اÙعÙÙ
اء اÙÙ
ستÙÙÙÙ "
-"ÙÙرؤÙ٠آÙا٠اÙØ£Ùرا٠دÙ٠اÙØاجة Ø¥ÙÙ Ù
ÙØ Ø§ÙÙ
Ùتبات اÙØÙÙÙ
ÙØ©Ø ÙÙÙ Ù٠تسعÙÙÙات "
-"اÙÙر٠اÙعشرÙÙØ Ùا٠اÙÙاشرÙ٠اÙصØÙÙÙÙ
اÙÙادÙÙÙ ÙÙØ±Ø¨Ø ÙغÙر اÙÙادÙÙÙ ÙÙØ±Ø¨Ø Ùد "
-"بدؤÙا أخذ اÙÙ
ا٠Ù
Ùاب٠اÙÙصÙÙ. بØÙÙ٠عاÙ
2046Ø Ùادت اÙÙ
Ùتبات اÙت٠تÙÙر ÙÙعاÙ
Ø© "
-"اÙÙصÙ٠اÙÙ
جاÙ٠إÙ٠اÙÙ
ؤÙÙات اÙعÙÙ
ÙØ© Ø£Ù
تزÙÙ Ù
٠اÙذاÙرة."
-
-#. type: Content of: <div><div><p>
-msgid ""
-"There were ways, of course, to get around the SPA and Central Licensing. "
-"They were themselves illegal. Dan had had a classmate in software, Frank "
-"Martucci, who had obtained an illicit debugging tool, and used it to skip "
-"over the copyright monitor code when reading books. But he had told too "
-"many friends about it, and one of them turned him in to the SPA for a reward "
-"(students deep in debt were easily tempted into betrayal). In 2047, Frank "
-"was in prison, not for pirate reading, but for possessing a debugger."
-msgstr ""
-"ÙÙجدت طر٠ÙÙتØاÙ٠عÙÙ SPA ÙÙ
Ùر اÙترخÙص اÙÙ
رÙزÙØ ÙÙÙÙا ÙاÙت غÙر ÙاÙÙÙÙØ©. Ùا٠"
-"Ùدا٠صدÙÙ Ù٠صÙÙ ÙÙبرÙ
جÙات اسÙ
Ù ÙراÙÙ Ù
ارشسÙØ ØªÙ
ÙÙ Ù
٠اÙØصÙ٠عÙ٠أداة تÙÙÙØ "
-"(debugging tool) غÙر Ù
شرÙعة Ùا٠ÙستخدÙ
Ùا ÙتخطÙ
ÙÙد Ù
راÙبة ØÙÙ٠اÙÙØ´Ø±Ø ÙÙÙÙ "
-"أخبر اÙÙØ«Ùر اÙÙØ«Ùر Ù
٠أصدÙائ٠عÙÙØ§Ø ÙØ£ÙØ´Ù
Ø£ØدÙÙ
ب٠إÙÙ SPA Ø·Ù
عÙا ÙÙ Ù
ÙاÙأة "
-"Ù
اÙÙØ© (Ùا٠ÙسÙ٠استدراج اÙØ·Ùاب اÙغارÙÙÙ ÙÙ
اÙدÙÙ٠إÙ٠اÙØ¥Ùشاء باÙأسرار). ÙÙ "
-"عاÙ
2047Ø Ùا٠ÙراÙÙ Ù٠اÙسجÙØ Ùا Ùأج٠ÙرصÙØ©
اÙÙØ±Ø§Ø¡Ø©Ø Ø¨Ù ÙاستخداÙ
اÙÙ
ÙÙØ."
-
-#. type: Content of: <div><div><p>
-msgid ""
-"Dan would later learn that there was a time when anyone could have debugging "
-"tools. There were even free debugging tools available on CD or downloadable "
-"over the net. But ordinary users started using them to bypass copyright "
-"monitors, and eventually a judge ruled that this had become their principal "
-"use in actual practice. This meant they were illegal; the debuggers' "
-"developers were sent to prison."
-msgstr ""
-"عÙÙ
دا٠ÙاØÙÙا Ø£ÙÙ ÙÙ Ù
ا Ù
ضÙØ Ùا٠أ٠شخص ÙÙ
ÙÙ٠اÙØصÙ٠عÙ٠أدÙات تÙÙÙØ. ÙاÙت "
-"تتÙÙر أدÙات تÙÙÙØ Ù
جاÙÙØ© عÙ٠أÙراص ÙÙÙ
ÙÙ
تÙزÙÙÙا عبر اÙشبÙØ©Ø ÙÙ٠اÙÙ
ستخدÙ
ÙÙ "
-"اÙعادÙÙ٠بدؤÙا Ù٠استخداÙ
Ùا Ùتخط٠Ù
راÙÙبات ØÙÙ٠اÙÙØ´Ø±Ø ÙÙرر Ùاض٠ÙÙ ÙÙاÙØ© "
-"اÙÙ
طا٠أ٠استخداÙ
اÙÙ
ÙÙØات اÙأساس٠أصبØ
ÙØ°Ù٠اÙØºØ±Ø¶Ø ÙØ£ÙÙا باÙتاÙ٠غÙر "
-"ÙاÙÙÙÙØ©Ø Ùأرس٠Ù
Ø·ÙرÙا اÙÙ
ÙÙØات Ø¥Ù٠اÙسجÙ."
-
-#. type: Content of: <div><div><p>
-msgid ""
-"Programmers still needed debugging tools, of course, but debugger vendors in "
-"2047 distributed numbered copies only, and only to officially licensed and "
-"bonded programmers. The debugger Dan used in software class was kept behind "
-"a special firewall so that it could be used only for class exercises."
-msgstr ""
-"ÙÙ
Ùز٠اÙÙ
برÙ
جÙÙ -بطبÙعة اÙØاÙ- بØاجة Ø¥ÙÙ
اÙÙ
ÙÙØØ§ØªØ ÙÙÙ Ù
Ùزع٠اÙÙ
ÙÙØات ÙÙ "
-"عاÙ
2047 ÙاÙÙا ÙÙزعÙÙ ÙسخÙا Ù
ØدÙدة Ù
ÙÙا ÙÙØ·Ø
ÙÙÙ
برÙ
جÙÙ Ù
رخص ÙÙÙ
ÙÙ
Ùث٠عÙÙÙÙ
"
-"استÙاÙ
Ùا. Ùا٠اÙÙ
ÙÙØ Ø§Ùذ٠استخدÙ
٠دا٠ÙÙ
Øصة اÙبرÙ
جÙات Ø®Ù٠جدار٠Ùار٠ÙÙÙÙ
Ùع "
-"استخداÙ
Ù ÙÙÙ
ا عدا تدرÙبات اÙØصة."
-
-#. type: Content of: <div><div><p>
-msgid ""
-"It was also possible to bypass the copyright monitors by installing a "
-"modified system kernel. Dan would eventually find out about the free "
-"kernels, even entire free operating systems, that had existed around the "
-"turn of the century. But not only were they illegal, like debuggers—"
-"you could not install one if you had one, without knowing your computer's "
-"root password. And neither the FBI nor Microsoft Support would tell you "
-"that."
-msgstr ""
-"Ùا٠Ù
٠اÙÙ
Ù
Ù٠تخط٠Ù
راÙبات ØÙÙ٠اÙÙشر
بتثبÙت ÙÙاة ÙظاÙ
Ù
ÙعدÙØ©. عÙÙ
دا٠ÙاØÙÙا "
-"بأ٠أÙÙÙØ© ØØ±Ø©Ø Ø¨Ù ÙØ£ÙظÙ
Ø© تشغÙÙ Øرة Ù
تاÙÙ
ÙØ©Ø ÙاÙت Ù
ÙجÙدة Ùب٠ÙÙاÙØ© اÙÙرÙØ "
-"ÙÙÙÙا ÙÙ
تÙÙ Ù
Ù
ÙÙعة (ÙاÙÙ
ÙÙØات) ÙØØ³Ø¨Ø Ø¨Ù ÙÙ
ÙÙ٠باÙØ¥Ù
Ùا٠تثبÙتÙا أصÙا بدÙÙ "
-"Ù
عرÙØ© ÙÙÙ
ة سر جذر<sup><a href=\"#root\">2</a></sup>
ØاسÙبÙØ ÙÙ٠تخبر٠FBI "
-"ÙÙا خدÙ
Ø© دعÙ
Ù
اÙÙرÙسÙÙت بÙا."
-
-#. type: Content of: <div><div><p>
-msgid ""
-"Dan concluded that he couldn't simply lend Lissa his computer. But he "
-"couldn't refuse to help her, because he loved her. Every chance to speak "
-"with her filled him with delight. And that she chose him to ask for help, "
-"that could mean she loved him too."
-msgstr ""
-"تÙص٠دا٠إÙ٠أÙÙ Ùا ÙستطÙع إعارة ÙÙزا
ØاسÙب٠بÙÙ Ø¨Ø³Ø§Ø·Ø©Ø ÙÙÙÙ ÙÙ
Ùستطع رÙض "
-"Ù
ساعدتÙا ÙØ£ÙÙ Ùا٠ÙØبÙا. ÙاÙت ÙÙ Ùرصة
ÙÙØدÙØ« Ù
عÙا تÙ
Ùؤ٠باÙØ³Ø¹Ø§Ø¯Ø©Ø ÙÙØ£ÙÙا "
-"Ø·Ùبت Ù
Ù٠اÙÙ
Ø³Ø§Ø¹Ø¯Ø©Ø ÙÙد ÙعÙÙ Ùذا Ø£ÙÙا تØبÙ
Ø£ÙضÙا."
-
-#. type: Content of: <div><div><p>
-msgid ""
-"Dan resolved the dilemma by doing something even more unthinkable—he "
-"lent her the computer, and told her his password. This way, if Lissa read "
-"his books, Central Licensing would think he was reading them. It was still "
-"a crime, but the SPA would not automatically find out about it. They would "
-"only find out if Lissa reported him."
-msgstr ""
-"Ø٠دا٠اÙÙ
ÙÙ٠بطرÙÙØ© ÙÙ
تÙ٠باÙØسباÙØ
أعارÙا ØاسÙبÙØ ÙأخبرÙا بÙÙÙ
Ø© سرÙ. بÙØ°Ù "
-"اÙطرÙÙØ© سÙÙ ÙعتÙد Ù
Ùر اÙترخÙص اÙÙ
رÙز٠أÙÙ
Ùرأ اÙÙتب Ø¥Ù ÙرأتÙا ÙÙزا. ÙاÙت ÙØ°Ù "
-"جرÙÙ
Ø© Ø£ÙضÙا ÙÙÙ SPA Ù٠تتÙ
ÙÙ Ù
٠اÙتشاÙÙا
تÙÙائÙÙØ§Ø ÙÙ
Ù٠أ٠تÙتشÙÙا ÙÙØ· إذا "
-"بÙÙغت ÙÙزا عÙÙ."
-
-#. type: Content of: <div><div><p>
-msgid ""
-"Of course, if the school ever found out that he had given Lissa his own "
-"password, it would be curtains for both of them as students, regardless of "
-"what she had used it for. School policy was that any interference with "
-"their means of monitoring students' computer use was grounds for "
-"disciplinary action. It didn't matter whether you did anything "
-"harmful—the offense was making it hard for the administrators to check "
-"on you. They assumed this meant you were doing something else forbidden, "
-"and they did not need to know what it was."
-msgstr ""
-"باÙØ·Ø¨Ø¹Ø Ø¥Ù Ø¹ÙÙ
ت اÙجاÙ
عة Ø£Ù٠أعط٠ÙÙزا ÙÙÙ
Ø©
سرÙØ ÙÙد ÙÙÙÙ Ø°ÙÙ Ù
سÙرتÙÙÙ
ا "
-"(ÙÙÙÙÙ
ا) ÙطاÙبÙÙØ Ø¨ØºØ¶ اÙÙطر ع٠سبب استخداÙ
Ùا ÙÙÙ
Ø© سرÙ. ÙاÙت تÙص سÙاسة "
-"اÙجاÙ
عة عÙ٠أ٠أ٠تÙاعب بأÙظÙ
Ø© Ù
راÙبة
ØÙاسÙب اÙØ·Ùاب سÙ٠تÙاÙ٠بإجرءات "
-"تأدÙبÙØ©. Ùا ÙÙÙ
ÙÙ ÙعÙت Ø´ÙئÙا Ù
ضرÙا Ø£Ù ÙÙ
تÙعÙØ ÙÙÙد صعÙبت Ù
راÙبة اÙإدارÙÙÙ "
-"عÙÙÙ. ÙÙد اÙترضÙا Ø£Ù٠تÙÙÙ
بشÙØ¡ Ù
Ù
ÙÙØ¹Ø ÙÙا
ÙÙÙ
ÙÙ
Ù
عرÙØ© Ù
ا ÙÙ."
-
-#. type: Content of: <div><div><p>
-msgid ""
-"Students were not usually expelled for this—not directly. Instead "
-"they were banned from the school computer systems, and would inevitably fail "
-"all their classes."
-msgstr ""
-"ÙÙ
ÙÙ٠اÙØ·Ùاب ÙطردÙÙ Ù
٠اÙجاÙ
عة Ù
باشرة
Ùأج٠ذÙ٠اÙØ³Ø¨Ø¨Ø ÙÙÙÙÙ
ÙاÙÙا ÙطردÙÙ Ù
Ù "
-"Ø£ÙظÙ
Ø© اÙجاÙ
عة اÙØاسÙبÙØ©Ø ÙÙØ®ÙÙÙÙ ØتÙ
Ùا ÙÙ
ÙÙ Ù
ÙادÙÙ
."
-
-#. type: Content of: <div><div><p>
-msgid ""
-"Later, Dan would learn that this kind of university policy started only in "
-"the 1980s, when university students in large numbers began using computers. "
-"Previously, universities maintained a different approach to student "
-"discipline; they punished activities that were harmful, not those that "
-"merely raised suspicion."
-msgstr ""
-"عÙÙ
دا٠ÙاØÙÙا Ø£Ù Ùذ٠اÙسÙاسة بدأت ÙÙ Ø«Ù
ÙÙÙÙات اÙÙر٠اÙعشرÙÙØ Ø¹ÙدÙ
ا بدأ Ø·Ùاب "
-"اÙجاÙ
عات باستخداÙ
اÙØاسÙب بشÙÙ Ù
Ùسع. ÙاÙت
اÙجاÙ
عة ÙÙÙ
ا Ù
ض٠تÙتÙج Ù
ÙÙجا "
-"Ù
ختÙÙا Ù٠تأدÙب اÙØ·Ùاب: ÙاÙت تعاÙب اÙØ·Ùاب
اÙØ°ÙÙ ÙÙÙÙ
Ù٠بÙشاطات Ù
Ø¶Ø±Ø©Ø ÙÙÙس ÙÙ "
-"Ù
Ù ÙÙش٠بÙÙ
."
-
-#. type: Content of: <div><div><p>
-msgid ""
-"Lissa did not report Dan to the SPA. His decision to help her led to their "
-"marriage, and also led them to question what they had been taught about "
-"piracy as children. The couple began reading about the history of "
-"copyright, about the Soviet Union and its restrictions on copying, and even "
-"the original United States Constitution. They moved to Luna, where they "
-"found others who had likewise gravitated away from the long arm of the SPA. "
-"When the Tycho Uprising began in 2062, the universal right to read soon "
-"became one of its central aims."
-msgstr ""
-"ÙÙ
تبÙÙغ ÙÙزا ع٠دا٠ÙSPAØ ÙÙا٠Ùرار٠بÙ
ساعدتÙا Ùد Ùاد Ø¥Ù٠زÙاجÙÙ
Ø§Ø ÙÙ
ا "
-"ÙادÙÙ
ا Ø¥Ù٠اÙتÙÙÙر ÙÙ Ù
ÙÙÙÙ
اÙÙرصÙØ© اÙØ°Ù
ÙاÙÙا ÙÙدرÙسÙÙ٠عÙدÙ
ا ÙاÙÙا صغارÙا. "
-"بدآ ÙÙ Ùراءة تارÙØ® ØÙÙ٠اÙÙØ´Ø±Ø ÙاÙاتØاد
اÙسÙÙÙت٠ÙÙÙÙد٠عÙ٠اÙÙØ´Ø±Ø ÙØت٠"
-"دستÙر اÙÙÙاÙات اÙÙ
تØدة اÙØ£Ù
رÙÙÙØ© اÙأصÙÙ.
Ùاجرا Ø¥Ù٠اÙÙÙ
Ø±Ø ÙÙجدا آخرÙÙ "
-"أبعدتÙÙ
Ùد SPA اÙÙ
Ù
تدة. عÙدÙ
ا بدأت Ø«Ùرة تÙØ®Ù
عاÙ
2062Ø Ø£ØµØ¨Ø Ø٠اÙÙراءة "
-"اÙعاÙ
Ø© Ø£Øد رÙائزÙا."
-
-#. type: Content of: <div><div><p>
-# | <a [-href=\"http://defectivebydesign.org/ebooks.html\";>Join-]
-# | {+href=\"https://www.defectivebydesign.org/ebooks.html\";> Join+} our
-# | mailing list about the dangers of e-books</a>.
-#, fuzzy
-#| msgid ""
-#| "<a href=\"http://defectivebydesign.org/ebooks.html\";>Join our mailing "
-#| "list about the dangers of e-books</a>."
-msgid ""
-"<a href=\"https://www.defectivebydesign.org/ebooks.html\";> Join our mailing "
-"list about the dangers of e-books</a>."
-msgstr ""
-"<a href=\"http://defectivebydesign.org/ebooks.html\";>شار٠ÙÙ ÙائÙ
تÙا "
-"اÙبرÙدÙØ© ØÙÙ Ù
خاطر اÙÙتب اÙØ¥ÙÙترÙÙÙØ©</a>."
-
-#. type: Content of: <div><div><h3>
-# | Author's Note{+s+}
-#, fuzzy
-#| msgid "Author's Note"
-msgid "Author's Notes"
-msgstr "تعÙÙ٠اÙÙ
ؤÙÙ"
-
-#. type: Content of: <div><div><ul><li><div><p>
-msgid ""
-"This story is supposedly a historical article that will be written in the "
-"future by someone else, describing Dan Halbert's youth under a repressive "
-"society shaped by the unjust forces that use “pirate” as "
-"propaganda. So it uses the terminology of that society. I have tried to "
-"project it forwards into something more visibly oppressive. See <a href=\"/"
-"philosophy/words-to-avoid.html#Piracy\">“Piracy”</a>."
-msgstr ""
-
-#. type: Content of: <div><div><ul><li><div><p>
-msgid ""
-"Computer-enforced restrictions on lending or reading books (and other kinds "
-"of published works) are known as DRM, short for “Digital Restrictions "
-"Management.” To eliminate DRM, the Free Software Foundation has "
-"established the <a href=\"https://www.defectivebydesign.org/\";>Defective by "
-"Design</a> campaign. We ask for your support."
-msgstr ""
-
-#. type: Content of: <div><div><ul><li><div><p>
-msgid ""
-"The Electronic Frontier Foundation, a separate organization not related to "
-"the Free Software Foundation, also campaigns against DRM."
-msgstr ""
-
-#. type: Content of: <div><div><p>
-# | [-This-]{+The following+} note has been updated several times since the
-# | first publication of the story.
-#, fuzzy
-#| msgid ""
-#| "This note has been updated several times since the first publication of "
-#| "the story."
-msgid ""
-"The following note has been updated several times since the first "
-"publication of the story."
-msgstr "تÙ
تØدÙت Ùذ٠اÙÙ
ÙاØظة عدة Ù
رت Ù
ÙØ° Ø£ÙÙ
Ùشر ÙÙÙصة."
-
-#. type: Content of: <div><div><ul><li><div><p>
-# | The {+battle for the+} right to read is [-a battle-] {+already+} being
-# | [-fought today.-] {+fought.+} Although it may take 50 years for our
-# | [-present way of life-] {+past freedoms+} to fade into obscurity, most of
-# | the specific {+repressive+} laws and practices described above have
-# | already been proposed; [-many-] {+some+} have been enacted into law in the
-# | US and elsewhere. In the US, the 1998 Digital Millennium Copyright Act
-# | (DMCA) [-established the legal basis-] {+gave explicit government
-# | backing+} to [-restrict-] the [-reading and lending of computerized books
-# | (and other works-] {+computer-enforced restrictions known+} as [-well).-]
-# | {+DRM, by making the distribution of programs that can break DRM a
-# | crime.+} The European Union imposed similar restrictions in a 2001
-# | copyright [-directive.-] {+directive, in a form not quite as strong.+}
-#, fuzzy
-#| msgid ""
-#| "The right to read is a battle being fought today. Although it may take "
-#| "50 years for our present way of life to fade into obscurity, most of the "
-#| "specific laws and practices described above have already been proposed; "
-#| "many have been enacted into law in the US and elsewhere. In the US, the "
-#| "1998 Digital Millennium Copyright Act (DMCA) established the legal basis "
-#| "to restrict the reading and lending of computerized books (and other "
-#| "works as well). The European Union imposed similar restrictions in a "
-#| "2001 copyright directive."
-msgid ""
-"The battle for the right to read is already being fought. Although it may "
-"take 50 years for our past freedoms to fade into obscurity, most of the "
-"specific repressive laws and practices described above have already been "
-"proposed; some have been enacted into law in the US and elsewhere. In the "
-"US, the 1998 Digital Millennium Copyright Act (DMCA) gave explicit "
-"government backing to the computer-enforced restrictions known as DRM, by "
-"making the distribution of programs that can break DRM a crime. The "
-"European Union imposed similar restrictions in a 2001 copyright directive, "
-"in a form not quite as strong."
-msgstr ""
-"تجر٠Ù
عرÙØ© Ø٠اÙÙراءة اÙÙÙÙ
. عÙ٠اÙرغÙ
Ù
Ù
أ٠اÙØ£Ù
ر Ùد Ùستغر٠50 عاÙ
Ùا Ù
Ù "
-"ÙÙتÙا اÙØاضر ÙÙتضØØ Ø¥Ùا Ø£Ù Ù
عظÙ
اÙÙÙاÙÙÙ
ÙاÙÙ
Ù
ارسات اÙÙاردة أعÙا٠اÙترØت "
-"باÙÙعÙØ Ø§ÙÙØ«Ùر Ù
ÙÙا Ø£ØµØ¨Ø Ø¬Ø²Ø¡Ùا Ù
٠تشرÙع
اÙÙÙاÙات اÙÙ
تØدة ÙبÙدا٠أخرÙ. ÙÙ "
-"اÙÙÙاÙات اÙÙ
تØØ¯Ø©Ø Ùضع ÙاÙÙÙ ØÙÙ٠اÙÙشر
اÙØ£ÙÙ٠اÙرÙÙ
Ù (DMCA: Digital "
-"Millenium Copyright Act) عاÙ
1998 اÙأساس اÙÙاÙÙÙÙ
ÙتÙÙÙد Ùراءة Ùإعارة اÙÙتب "
-"اÙرÙÙ
ÙØ© (ÙغÙرÙا Ù
٠اÙأعÙ
ا٠أÙضÙا)Ø ÙÙرض
اÙاتØاد اÙØ£ÙرÙب٠ÙÙÙدÙا Ù
شابÙØ© ÙÙ "
-"تعÙÙÙ
ات تتعÙ٠بØÙÙ٠اÙÙشر عاÙ
2001."
-
-#. type: Content of: <div><div><ul><li><div><p>
-# | [-In 2001, Disney-funded Senator Hollings proposed a bill called the SSSCA
-# | that would require every new computer to have mandatory copy-restriction
-# | facilities that the user cannot bypass. Following the Clipper chip and
-# | similar US government key-escrow proposals, this shows a long-term trend:
-# | computer systems are increasingly set up to give absentees with clout
-# | control over the people actually using the computer system.-]The [-SSSCA
-# | was later renamed to the unpronounceable CBDTPA, which was glossed as the
-# | “Consume But Don't Try Programming Act”.</p>\\n<p>\\nThe-] US
-# | [-began attempting to use the proposed Free Trade Area of the Americas
-# | (FTAA) treaty-] {+campaigns+} to impose [-the same-] {+such+} rules on
-# | [-all the countries in-] the [-Western Hemisphere. The FTAA is one-]
-# | {+rest+} of the {+world through+} so-called [-free trade treaties, which-]
-# | {+“free trade” treaties. <a
-# | href=\"https://stallman.org/business-supremacy-treaties.html\";>
-# | Business-supremacy treaties</a> is a more fitting term for them, since
-# | they+} are [-actually-] designed to [-<a
-# | href=\"https://stallman.org/business-supremacy-treaties.html\";>give-]
-# | {+give+} business [-increased power-] {+dominion+} over {+nominally+}
-# | democratic [-governments</a>; imposing laws like the DMCA-] {+states. The
-# | DMCA's policy of criminalizing programs that break DRM+} is [-typical-]
-# | {+one+} of [-this spirit. The FTAA was effectively killed by Lula,
-# | President-] {+many unjust policies that these treaties impose across a
-# | wide range+} of [-Brazil, who rejected the DMCA requirement and others.-]
-# | {+fields.+}
-#, fuzzy
-#| msgid ""
-#| "In 2001, Disney-funded Senator Hollings proposed a bill called the SSSCA "
-#| "that would require every new computer to have mandatory copy-restriction "
-#| "facilities that the user cannot bypass. Following the Clipper chip and "
-#| "similar US government key-escrow proposals, this shows a long-term trend: "
-#| "computer systems are increasingly set up to give absentees with clout "
-#| "control over the people actually using the computer system. The SSSCA "
-#| "was later renamed to the unpronounceable CBDTPA, which was glossed as the "
-#| "“Consume But Don't Try Programming Act”.</p>\n"
-#| "<p>\n"
-#| "The US began attempting to use the proposed Free Trade Area of the "
-#| "Americas (FTAA) treaty to impose the same rules on all the countries in "
-#| "the Western Hemisphere. The FTAA is one of the so-called free trade "
-#| "treaties, which are actually designed to <a href=\"https://stallman.org/";
-#| "business-supremacy-treaties.html\">give business increased power over "
-#| "democratic governments</a>; imposing laws like the DMCA is typical of "
-#| "this spirit. The FTAA was effectively killed by Lula, President of "
-#| "Brazil, who rejected the DMCA requirement and others."
-msgid ""
-"The US campaigns to impose such rules on the rest of the world through so-"
-"called “free trade” treaties. <a href=\"https://stallman.org/";
-"business-supremacy-treaties.html\"> Business-supremacy treaties</a> is a "
-"more fitting term for them, since they are designed to give business "
-"dominion over nominally democratic states. The DMCA's policy of "
-"criminalizing programs that break DRM is one of many unjust policies that "
-"these treaties impose across a wide range of fields."
-msgstr ""
-"Ù٠عاÙ
2001Ø Ø§ÙØªØ±Ø Ø§ÙسÙÙاتÙر ÙÙÙÙÙغز اÙذ٠تÙ
ÙÙ٠دزÙÙ ÙاÙÙÙÙا Ùدع٠SSSCA ÙطاÙب "
-"أ٠تØتÙ٠جÙ
Ùع اÙØÙاسÙب اÙجدÙدة أدÙات Ø¥ÙزاÙ
ÙØ© ÙÙ
Ùع اÙÙسخ ÙÙا ÙÙ
ÙÙ ÙÙÙ
ستخدÙ
"
-"تجاÙزÙØ§Ø Ø¹Ùبت٠رÙاÙØ© Clipper ÙغÙرÙا Ù
Ù
اÙاÙتراØات اÙت٠أتت بÙا اÙØÙÙÙ
Ø© "
-"اÙØ£Ù
رÙÙÙØ©. Ø¥Ù Ùذا ÙظÙر تÙجÙÙا ÙدÙÙ
Ùا بجعÙ
Ø£ÙظÙ
Ø© اÙØاسÙب تعط٠غرباء تØÙÙ
Ùا ÙاسعÙا "
-"باستخداÙ
اÙÙاس ÙØ£ÙظÙ
تÙÙ
. أعÙدت تسÙ
ÙØ© SSSCA
Ø¥Ù٠اÙاسÙ
اÙØ°Ù Ùا ÙÙ
ÙÙ ÙØ·ÙÙ "
-"CBDTPAØ ÙاÙØ°Ù ÙÙسÙ
Ù Ù
جازÙا ”ÙاÙÙ٠استÙÙÙ
ÙÙا تØاÙ٠أ٠تبرÙ
ج“ "
-"“Consume But Don't Try Programming Act”.</p>\n"
-"<p>\n"
-"ØاÙÙت اÙÙÙاÙات اÙÙ
تØدة استغÙا٠اتÙاÙÙØ© Ù
ÙØ·ÙØ© اÙتجارة اÙØرة بÙ٠اÙØ£Ù
رÙÙÙتÙÙ "
-"(FTAA) ÙÙرض ÙÙس اÙÙÙÙد عÙÙ Ù٠دÙÙ Ùص٠اÙÙرة
اÙغربÙ. تÙ
Ø«Ù FTAA Ù
ا Ùعر٠"
-"باتÙاÙÙات \"اÙتجارة اÙØرة\" اÙت٠تÙد٠أصÙا
Ø¥Ù٠تعزÙز ÙÙØ© اÙتجار عÙ٠اÙØÙÙÙ
ات "
-"اÙدÙÙ
ÙراطÙØ© بÙرض ÙÙاÙÙÙ Ù
شابÙØ© ÙÙاÙÙÙ DMCA.
Ùت٠رئÙس اÙبرازÙÙ ÙÙÙا FTAA اÙØ°Ù "
-"رÙض شرط DMCA ÙغÙر٠Ù
٠اÙشرÙØ·."
-
-#. type: Content of: <div><div><ul><li><div><p>
-# | [-Since then, the-]{+The+} US has imposed [-similar-] {+DMCA+}
-# | requirements on [-countries such as Australia-] {+Australia, Panama,
-# | Colombia+} and [-Mexico-] {+South Korea+} through bilateral [-“free
-# | trade”-] agreements, and on countries such as Costa Rica through
-# | another treaty, CAFTA. [-Ecuador's President Correa refused to sign a
-# | “free trade” agreement-] {+Obama has escalated the campaign+}
-# | with {+two new proposed treaties, the TPP and+} the [-US, but I've heard
-# | Ecuador had adopted something like-] {+TTIP. The TPP would impose+} the
-# | [-DMCA in 2003.-] {+DMCA, along with many other wrongs, on 12 countries on
-# | the Pacific Ocean. The TTIP would impose similar strictures on Europe.
-# | All these treaties must be defeated, or abolished.+}
-#, fuzzy
-#| msgid ""
-#| "Since then, the US has imposed similar requirements on countries such as "
-#| "Australia and Mexico through bilateral “free trade” "
-#| "agreements, and on countries such as Costa Rica through another treaty, "
-#| "CAFTA. Ecuador's President Correa refused to sign a “free "
-#| "trade” agreement with the US, but I've heard Ecuador had adopted "
-#| "something like the DMCA in 2003."
-msgid ""
-"The US has imposed DMCA requirements on Australia, Panama, Colombia and "
-"South Korea through bilateral agreements, and on countries such as Costa "
-"Rica through another treaty, CAFTA. Obama has escalated the campaign with "
-"two new proposed treaties, the TPP and the TTIP. The TPP would impose the "
-"DMCA, along with many other wrongs, on 12 countries on the Pacific Ocean. "
-"The TTIP would impose similar strictures on Europe. All these treaties must "
-"be defeated, or abolished."
-msgstr ""
-"Ùرضت اÙÙÙاÙات اÙÙ
تØدة Ù
ÙØ° Ø°Ù٠اÙØÙ٠شرÙØ· Ù
شابÙØ© عÙ٠بÙدا٠أخر٠Ù
ث٠أسراÙÙا "
-"ÙاÙÙ
ÙسÙÙ Ù٠اتÙاÙات âتجارة Øرةâ Ø«ÙائÙØ©Ø
ÙعÙÙ ÙÙستارÙÙا باتÙاÙÙØ© أخر٠ÙÙÙ "
-"CAFTA. رÙض رئÙس اÙØ¥ÙÙادÙر ÙرÙا تÙÙÙع اتÙاÙ
âتجارة Øرةâ Ù
ع اÙÙÙاÙات اÙÙ
تØØ¯Ø©Ø "
-"ÙÙÙ ÙصÙÙ٠أÙ٠اعتÙ
د ÙاÙÙÙÙا Ù
شابÙØ© ÙDMCA ÙÙ
عاÙ
2003."
-
-#. type: Content of: <div><div><ul><li><div><p>
-msgid ""
-"Even the World Wide Web Consortium has fallen under the shadow of the "
-"copyright industry; it is on the verge of approving a DRM system as an "
-"official part of the web specifications."
-msgstr ""
-
-#. type: Content of: <div><div><ul><li><div><div><p>
-msgid ""
-"Nonfree software tends to have <a href=\"/proprietary/\">abusive features of "
-"many kinds</a>, which lead to the conclusion that <a href=\"/philosophy/free-"
-"software-even-more-important.html\">you can never trust a nonfree program</"
-"a>. We must insist on free (libre) software only, and reject nonfree "
-"programs."
-msgstr ""
-
-#. type: Content of: <div><div><ul><li><div><p>
-msgid ""
-"With Windows Vista, Microsoft admitted it had built in a back door: "
-"Microsoft can use it to forcibly install software “upgrades,” "
-"even if users consider them rather to be downgrades. It can also order all "
-"machines running Vista to refuse to run a certain device driver. The main "
-"purpose of Vista's clampdown on users was to impose DRM that users can't "
-"overcome. Of course, Windows 10 is no better."
-msgstr ""
-
-#. type: Content of: <div><div><ul><li><div><p>
-msgid ""
-"One of the ideas in the story was not proposed in reality until 2002. This "
-"is the idea that the FBI and Microsoft will keep the root passwords for your "
-"personal computers, and not let you have them."
-msgstr ""
-"Ø¥Øد٠اÙØ£ÙÙار اÙÙاردة Ù٠اÙÙصة ÙÙ
تÙجد
ØÙÙÙØ© Ùب٠عاÙ
2002Ø ÙÙ٠اØتÙاظ FBI "
-"ÙÙ
اÙÙرÙسÙÙت بÙÙÙ
ات سر اÙجذر عÙÙ ØÙاسÙبÙ
اÙشخصÙØ© ÙعدÙ
إعطائÙا ÙÙ."
-
-#. type: Content of: <div><div><ul><li><div><p>
-# | The proponents of this scheme [-have given it-] {+gave early versions+}
-# | names such as “trusted computing” and
-# | [-“Palladium”. We call it <a
-# | href=\"/philosophy/can-you-trust.html\">“treacherous
-# | computing”</a> because the effect is to make your computer obey
-# | companies even to the extent of disobeying and defying you. This was
-# | implemented in 2007-] {+“Palladium,” but+} as [-part of <a
-# | href=\"http://badvista.org/\";>Windows Vista</a>; we expect Apple to do
-# | something similar. In this scheme,-] {+ultimately put into use,+} it is
-# | [-the manufacturer that keeps the secret code, but the FBI would have
-# | little trouble getting it.-] {+called “secure boot.”+}
-#, fuzzy
-#| msgid ""
-#| "The proponents of this scheme have given it names such as “trusted "
-#| "computing” and “Palladium”. We call it <a href=\"/"
-#| "philosophy/can-you-trust.html\">“treacherous computing”</a> "
-#| "because the effect is to make your computer obey companies even to the "
-#| "extent of disobeying and defying you. This was implemented in 2007 as "
-#| "part of <a href=\"http://badvista.org/\";>Windows Vista</a>; we expect "
-#| "Apple to do something similar. In this scheme, it is the manufacturer "
-#| "that keeps the secret code, but the FBI would have little trouble getting "
-#| "it."
-msgid ""
-"The proponents of this scheme gave early versions names such as “"
-"trusted computing” and “Palladium,” but as ultimately put "
-"into use, it is called “secure boot.”"
-msgstr ""
-"أطÙ٠أÙصار Ùذا اÙÙ
خطط عÙÙ٠اسÙ
âاÙØÙسبة
اÙÙ
ÙØ«ÙÙØ©â ÙâاÙØراسةâ. ÙØÙ ÙسÙ
ÙÙ â<a "
-"href=\"/philosophy/can-you-trust.html\">اÙØÙسبة اÙخبÙثة</a>â
Ùأ٠أثر٠Ù٠جع٠"
-"ØاسÙب٠ÙØ·Ùع اÙشرÙات Ùدرجة عصÙاÙÙ ÙتØدÙÙ.
تÙ
تÙÙÙØ° اÙÙ
خطط Ù٠عاÙ
2007 ÙÙ <a "
-"href=\"http://badvista.org/\";>ÙÙÙدÙز ÙÙستا</a> ÙÙتÙÙع Ø£Ù
تÙÙÙ
أب٠بشÙØ¡ "
-"Ù
Ù
اثÙ. ÙÙ Ùذا اÙÙ
Ø®Ø·Ø·Ø ÙÙ
Ù٠اÙÙ
صÙع اÙرÙ
ز
اÙسرÙØ ÙÙÙ FBI ستÙاج٠بعض اÙÙ
صاعب "
-"عÙد Ù
ØاÙÙØ© اÙØصÙ٠عÙÙÙ."
-
-#. type: Content of: <div><div><ul><li><div><p>
-# | What Microsoft keeps is not exactly a password in the traditional sense;
-# | no person ever types it on a terminal. Rather, it is a signature and
-# | encryption key that corresponds to a second key stored in your computer.
-# | This enables Microsoft, and potentially any web sites that cooperate with
-# | Microsoft, the ultimate control over what the user can do on [-his-]
-# | {+per+} own computer. {+Microsoft is likely to use that control on behalf
-# | of the FBI when asked: it already <a
-# | href=\"/proprietary/malware-microsoft.html\">shows the NSA security bugs
-# | in Windows</a> to exploit.+}
-#, fuzzy
-#| msgid ""
-#| "What Microsoft keeps is not exactly a password in the traditional sense; "
-#| "no person ever types it on a terminal. Rather, it is a signature and "
-#| "encryption key that corresponds to a second key stored in your computer. "
-#| "This enables Microsoft, and potentially any web sites that cooperate with "
-#| "Microsoft, the ultimate control over what the user can do on his own "
-#| "computer."
-msgid ""
-"What Microsoft keeps is not exactly a password in the traditional sense; no "
-"person ever types it on a terminal. Rather, it is a signature and "
-"encryption key that corresponds to a second key stored in your computer. "
-"This enables Microsoft, and potentially any web sites that cooperate with "
-"Microsoft, the ultimate control over what the user can do on per own "
-"computer. Microsoft is likely to use that control on behalf of the FBI when "
-"asked: it already <a href=\"/proprietary/malware-microsoft.html\">shows the "
-"NSA security bugs in Windows</a> to exploit."
-msgstr ""
-"Ù
اÙÙرÙسÙÙت Ùا تØتÙظ بÙÙÙ
Ø© سر Øسب اÙÙ
ÙÙÙÙ
اÙتÙÙÙدÙØ ÙÙÙ Ùا تÙتبÙا Ù٠طرÙÙØ©Ø "
-"ÙÙÙÙا عبارة ع٠تÙÙÙع ÙÙ
ÙØªØ§Ø ØªØ¹Ù
ÙØ© Ù
تص٠بÙ
ÙØªØ§Ø Ø¢Ø®Ø± Ù
ÙخزÙ٠عÙÙ ØاسÙب٠ÙÙ٠اÙØ£Ù
ر "
-"اÙØ°Ù ÙÙÙ
ÙÙÙ Ù
اÙÙرÙسÙÙت (ÙØ£Ù Ù
ÙÙع Ùب ÙتعاÙÙ
Ù
ع Ù
اÙÙرÙسÙÙت) Ù
٠اÙتØÙÙ
اÙÙاÙ
٠بÙ
ا "
-"ÙÙ
ÙÙ ÙÙÙ
ستخدÙ
Ù ÙعÙ٠باÙØاسÙب اÙØ°Ù ÙÙ
ÙÙÙ."
-
-#. type: Content of: <div><div><ul><li><div><p>
-# | [-Vista also gives Microsoft additional powers; for instance,
-# | Microsoft-]{+Secure boot+} can [-forcibly install upgrades, and it can
-# | order all machines running Vista to refuse to run-] {+be implemented in+}
-# | a [-certain device driver. The main purpose of Vista's many restrictions
-# | is to impose DRM (Digital Restrictions Management)-] {+way+} that [-users
-# | can't overcome. The threat of DRM is why we have established-]
-# | {+permits+} the [-<a href=\"http://DefectiveByDesign.org\";> Defective by
-# | Design</a> campaign.-] {+user to specify the signature key and decide what
-# | software to sign. In practice, PCs designed for Windows 10 carry only
-# | Microsoft's key, and whether the machine's owner can install any other
-# | system (such as GNU/Linux) is under Microsoft's control. We call this
-# | <em>restricted boot</em>.+}
-#, fuzzy
-#| msgid ""
-#| "Vista also gives Microsoft additional powers; for instance, Microsoft can "
-#| "forcibly install upgrades, and it can order all machines running Vista to "
-#| "refuse to run a certain device driver. The main purpose of Vista's many "
-#| "restrictions is to impose DRM (Digital Restrictions Management) that "
-#| "users can't overcome. The threat of DRM is why we have established the "
-#| "<a href=\"http://DefectiveByDesign.org\";> Defective by Design</a> "
-#| "campaign."
-msgid ""
-"Secure boot can be implemented in a way that permits the user to specify the "
-"signature key and decide what software to sign. In practice, PCs designed "
-"for Windows 10 carry only Microsoft's key, and whether the machine's owner "
-"can install any other system (such as GNU/Linux) is under Microsoft's "
-"control. We call this <em>restricted boot</em>."
-msgstr ""
-"Ùعط٠ÙÙستا Ù
اÙÙرÙسÙÙت ÙÙ٠أخرÙØ ÙعÙ٠سبÙÙ
اÙÙ
ثا٠ÙÙ
ÙÙ ÙÙ
اÙÙرÙسÙÙت أ٠تÙثبÙت "
-"اÙتØدÙثات باÙÙÙØ©Ø ÙبإÙ
ÙاÙÙا أ٠تأÙ
ر جÙ
Ùع
اÙأجÙزة اÙت٠تعÙ
٠بÙÙستا أ٠ترÙض "
-"تشغÙ٠جÙاز Ù
عÙÙ. إ٠اÙÙد٠اÙأساس٠ÙÙØ«Ùر Ù
Ù
ÙÙÙد ÙÙستا ÙÙ Ùرض DRM (إدارة "
-"اÙÙÙÙد اÙرÙÙ
ÙØ©: Digital Restrictions Management) اÙت٠Ùا
ÙÙ
ÙÙ ÙÙÙ
ستخدÙ
ÙÙ "
-"اÙتخÙص Ù
ÙÙا. إ٠خطر DRM ÙÙ Ù
ا دÙعÙا ÙإطÙا٠ØÙ
ÙØ© <a href=\"http://";
-"DefectiveByDesign.org\">دÙ
ÙرÙا تصÙ
ÙÙ
Ùا</a>."
-
-#. type: Content of: <div><div><ul><li><div><p>
-# | [-When-]{+In 1997, when+} this story was first [-written,-] {+published,+}
-# | the SPA was threatening small Internet service providers, demanding they
-# | permit the SPA to monitor all users. Most ISPs surrendered when
-# | threatened, because they [-cannot-] {+could not+} afford to fight back in
-# | court. One ISP, Community ConneXion in Oakland, California, refused the
-# | demand and was actually sued. The SPA later dropped the suit, but
-# | [-obtained-] the [-DMCA, which-] {+DMCA+} gave [-them-] {+it+} the power
-# | [-they-] {+it+} sought.
-#, fuzzy
-#| msgid ""
-#| "When this story was first written, the SPA was threatening small Internet "
-#| "service providers, demanding they permit the SPA to monitor all users. "
-#| "Most ISPs surrendered when threatened, because they cannot afford to "
-#| "fight back in court. One ISP, Community ConneXion in Oakland, "
-#| "California, refused the demand and was actually sued. The SPA later "
-#| "dropped the suit, but obtained the DMCA, which gave them the power they "
-#| "sought."
-msgid ""
-"In 1997, when this story was first published, the SPA was threatening small "
-"Internet service providers, demanding they permit the SPA to monitor all "
-"users. Most ISPs surrendered when threatened, because they could not afford "
-"to fight back in court. One ISP, Community ConneXion in Oakland, "
-"California, refused the demand and was actually sued. The SPA later dropped "
-"the suit, but the DMCA gave it the power it sought."
-msgstr ""
-"عÙدÙ
ا ÙÙتبت Ùذ٠اÙÙØµØ©Ø ÙاÙت SPA تÙدد Ù
زÙدÙ
خدÙ
Ø© اÙØ¥ÙترÙت اÙصغار ÙتطاÙب "
-"باÙسÙ
Ø§Ø ÙÙا بÙ
راÙبة جÙ
Ùع اÙÙ
ستخدÙ
ÙÙ.
استسÙÙ
Ù
عظÙ
Ù
زÙد٠اÙخدÙ
Ø© ÙÙذا اÙتÙدÙد "
-"ÙØ£ÙÙÙ
Ùا ÙستطÙعÙ٠تØÙ
Ù ÙÙÙØ© Ù
Øاربت٠Ù٠اÙÙ
ØاÙÙ
. رÙض Community ConneXion ÙÙÙ "
-"Ø£Øد Ù
زÙد٠اÙخدÙ
Ø© Ù٠أÙÙÙاÙد ÙÙ ÙÙاÙØ©
ÙاÙÙÙÙرÙÙا اÙÙ
Ø·Ùب ÙتÙ
ت ÙعÙا Ù
ØاÙÙ
تÙØ "
-"Ø¥Ùا Ø£Ù SPA سØبت اÙÙضÙØ© ÙاØÙÙØ§Ø ÙÙÙ DMCA أعطاÙÙ
اÙÙÙØ© اÙت٠ÙاÙÙا ÙسعÙ٠إÙÙÙا."
-
-#. type: Content of: <div><div><ul><li><div><p>
-# | The SPA, which actually stands for Software Publishers Association, has
-# | been replaced in its police-like role by the Business Software Alliance.
-# | The BSA is not, today, an official police force; unofficially, it acts
-# | like one. Using methods reminiscent of the erstwhile Soviet Union, it
-# | invites people to inform on their coworkers and friends. A BSA terror
-# | campaign in Argentina in 2001 made slightly veiled threats that people
-# | sharing software would be [-raped.-] {+raped in prison.+}
-#, fuzzy
-#| msgid ""
-#| "The SPA, which actually stands for Software Publishers Association, has "
-#| "been replaced in its police-like role by the Business Software Alliance. "
-#| "The BSA is not, today, an official police force; unofficially, it acts "
-#| "like one. Using methods reminiscent of the erstwhile Soviet Union, it "
-#| "invites people to inform on their coworkers and friends. A BSA terror "
-#| "campaign in Argentina in 2001 made slightly veiled threats that people "
-#| "sharing software would be raped."
-msgid ""
-"The SPA, which actually stands for Software Publishers Association, has been "
-"replaced in its police-like role by the Business Software Alliance. The BSA "
-"is not, today, an official police force; unofficially, it acts like one. "
-"Using methods reminiscent of the erstwhile Soviet Union, it invites people "
-"to inform on their coworkers and friends. A BSA terror campaign in "
-"Argentina in 2001 made slightly veiled threats that people sharing software "
-"would be raped in prison."
-msgstr ""
-"Ø£ÙستبدÙت SPA (اÙت٠Ù٠أصÙا اختصار Ùرابطة
Ùاشر٠اÙبرÙ
جÙات: Software "
-"Publisher's Association) Ù٠دÙرÙا اÙبÙÙÙس٠بتØاÙÙ
تجار اÙبرÙ
جÙات (Business "
-"Software Alliance). Ùا Ùعتبر BSA اÙÙÙÙ
ÙÙØ© بÙÙÙسÙØ©
رسÙ
ÙØ©Ø ÙÙÙÙا تتصر٠ÙÙ
ا ÙÙ "
-"ÙاÙت ÙØ°ÙÙØ ÙÙ٠تستخدÙ
Ùسائ٠تذÙرÙا بعÙد
اÙاتØاد اÙسÙÙÙت٠بدعÙتÙا اÙÙاس Ø£Ù "
-"ÙبÙغÙا ع٠زÙ
ÙائÙÙ
Ù٠اÙعÙ
Ù ÙأصدÙائÙÙ
. ÙÙ
عاÙ
2001 أشارت Ø¥Øد٠ØÙ
Ùات BSA "
-"اÙتخÙÙÙÙØ© Ù٠اÙأرجتÙÙ٠إÙ٠تÙدÙدات ضÙ
ÙÙØ©
باÙتÙا٠عرض Ù
Ù Ùتشار٠اÙبرÙ
جÙات. "
-
-#. type: Content of: <div><div><ul><li><div><p>
-msgid ""
-"The university security policies described above are not imaginary. For "
-"example, a computer at one Chicago-area university displayed this message "
-"upon login:"
-msgstr ""
-"سÙاسات اÙØ£Ù
٠اÙجاÙ
عÙØ© اÙÙ
Ø°ÙÙرة أعÙا٠ÙÙست
Ø®ÙاÙÙØ©Ø ÙØ¥Øد٠جاÙ
عات Ø´ÙÙاغ٠تعرض "
-"Ùذ٠اÙرساÙØ© عÙد اÙدخÙÙ:"
-
-#. type: Content of: <div><div><ul><li><div><blockquote><p>
-msgid ""
-"This system is for the use of authorized users only. Individuals using this "
-"computer system without authority or in the excess of their authority are "
-"subject to having all their activities on this system monitored and recorded "
-"by system personnel. In the course of monitoring individuals improperly "
-"using this system or in the course of system maintenance, the activities of "
-"authorized user may also be monitored. Anyone using this system expressly "
-"consents to such monitoring and is advised that if such monitoring reveals "
-"possible evidence of illegal activity or violation of University regulations "
-"system personnel may provide the evidence of such monitoring to University "
-"authorities and/or law enforcement officials."
-msgstr ""
-"ÙÙ
ÙÙ ÙÙØ· ÙÙÙ
ستخدÙ
Ù٠اÙÙ
ØµØ±Ø ÙÙÙ
استخداÙ
Ùذا اÙÙظاÙ
. اÙØ£Ùراد اÙØ°ÙÙ ÙستخدÙ
ÙÙ "
-"ÙظاÙ
اÙØاسÙب Ùذا دÙ٠تصرÙØ Ø£Ù Ø¨Ø´ÙÙ ÙتجاÙز
تصرÙØÙÙ
سÙÙ ÙÙÙÙÙ٠عرضة ÙÙ
راÙبة "
-"ÙتسجÙÙ ÙÙ ÙشاطاتÙÙ
عÙÙ Ùذا اÙÙظاÙ
Ù
Ù ÙبÙ
اÙإدارÙÙÙ. Ù٠إطار Ù
راÙبة اÙØ£Ùراد "
-"اÙØ°ÙÙ ÙستخدÙ
ÙÙ Ùذا اÙÙظاÙ
بطرÙÙØ© غÙر Ù
ÙائÙ
Ø© Ø£Ù Ù٠إطار اÙإشرا٠عÙ٠اÙÙظاÙ
Ø "
-"ÙÙ
Ù٠أ٠ÙÙراÙÙب اÙÙ
ستخدÙ
Ù٠اÙÙ
صرØÙÙ
Ø£ÙضÙا. أ٠شخص ÙستخدÙ
Ùذا اÙÙظاÙ
ÙÙر صراØØ© "
-"بÙذ٠اÙرÙابة ÙØ£Ù Ùذ٠اÙرÙابة Ùد تظÙر أدÙØ© Ù
ØتÙ
ÙØ© ÙÙشاط غÙر ÙاÙÙÙ٠أ٠خار٠"
-"ÙتعÙÙÙ
ات اÙجاÙ
Ø¹Ø©Ø ÙÙÙ
Ù٠أ٠ÙÙÙر اÙإدارÙÙÙ
أدÙØ© Ù
٠اÙÙ
راÙبة Ø¥Ù٠سÙطات اÙجاÙ
عة "
-"أ٠اÙسÙطات اÙÙاÙÙÙÙØ©."
-
-#. type: Content of: <div><div><ul><li><div><p>
-msgid ""
-"This is an interesting approach to the Fourth Amendment: pressure most "
-"everyone to agree, in advance, to waive their rights under it."
-msgstr ""
-"Ø¥Ù Ùذا ÙÙاÙتزاÙ
رائع باÙتعدÙ٠اÙرابع<sup><a
href=\"#fourth\">3</a></sup>: "
-"اضغط عÙ٠اÙجÙ
Ùع ÙÙÙاÙÙÙا Ù
سبÙا عÙÙ
اÙتÙاز٠ع٠ÙÙ ØÙÙÙÙÙ
تØتÙ."
-
-#. type: Content of: <div><div><h3>
-msgid "Bad News"
-msgstr "اخبار سÙئة"
-
-#. type: Content of: <div><div><p>
-# | The battle for the right to read is [-already in progress,-] {+going
-# | against us so far.+} The enemy is organized, [-while-] {+and+} we are
-# | [-not, so it is going against us. Here are articles about bad things that
-# | have happened since the original publication of this article.-] {+not.+}
-#, fuzzy
-#| msgid ""
-#| "The battle for the right to read is already in progress, The enemy is "
-#| "organized, while we are not, so it is going against us. Here are "
-#| "articles about bad things that have happened since the original "
-#| "publication of this article."
-msgid ""
-"The battle for the right to read is going against us so far. The enemy is "
-"organized, and we are not."
-msgstr ""
-"ÙتÙاÙÙ <a href=\"#AuthorsNote\">تعÙÙ٠اÙÙ
ؤÙÙ</a>
ØدÙØ«Ùا ع٠Ù
عرÙØ© Ø٠اÙÙراءة "
-"ÙاÙرÙابة اÙØ¥ÙÙترÙÙÙØ©. ÙÙد بدأت اÙÙ
عرÙØ©
اÙØ¢ÙØ ÙÙا ÙصÙتÙÙ ÙÙ
ÙاÙتÙ٠ع٠اÙتÙÙÙات "
-"اÙت٠Ùجر٠تطÙÙرÙا ÙØرÙ
اÙÙ Ù
Ù ØÙÙ ÙÙ
اÙÙراءة."
-
-#. type: Content of: <div><div><div><p>
-msgid ""
-"Today's commercial e-books <a href=\"/philosophy/the-danger-of-ebooks.html"
-"\"> abolish readers' traditional freedoms</a>. Amazon's e-book reader "
-"product, which I call the “<a href=\"/philosophy/why-call-it-the-"
-"swindle.html\">Amazon Swindle</a>” because it's designed to swindle "
-"readers out of the traditional freedoms of readers of books, is run by "
-"software with several demonstrated <a href=\"/proprietary/malware-kindle-"
-"swindle.html\">Orwellian functionalities</a>. Any one of them calls for "
-"rejecting the product completely:"
-msgstr ""
-
-#. type: Content of: <div><div><div><ul><li><p>
-# | [-<a
-# |
href=\"http://www.zdnet.com/article/seybold-opens-chapter-on-digital-books/\";>Electronic
-# | Publishing:</a> An article about distribution of books in electronic
-# | form,-]{+It spies on everything the user does: it reports which book the
-# | user is reading, and which page, and it reports when the user highlights
-# | text,+} and [-copyright issues affecting-] {+any notes+} the [-right to
-# | read a copy.-] {+user enters.+}
-#, fuzzy
-#| msgid ""
-#| "<a href=\"http://www.zdnet.com/article/seybold-opens-chapter-on-digital-";
-#| "books/\">Electronic Publishing:</a> An article about distribution of "
-#| "books in electronic form, and copyright issues affecting the right to "
-#| "read a copy."
-msgid ""
-"It spies on everything the user does: it reports which book the user is "
-"reading, and which page, and it reports when the user highlights text, and "
-"any notes the user enters."
-msgstr ""
-"<a href=\"http://www.zdnet.com/article/seybold-opens-chapter-on-digital-books";
-"\">Electronic Publishing</a>: Ù
ÙاÙØ© ع٠تÙزÙع اÙÙتب
بصÙغة Ø¥ÙÙترÙÙÙØ© ÙÙ
شاÙÙ "
-"ØÙÙ٠اÙÙشر اÙت٠تؤثر عÙÙ ØÙ Ùراءة اÙÙسخة."
-
-#. type: Content of: <div><div><div><ul><li><p>
-# | [-<a
-# |
href=\"http://news.microsoft.com/1999/08/30/microsoft-announces-new-software-for-reading-on-screen\";>Books
-# | inside Computers:</a> Software-]{+It has DRM, which is intended+} to
-# | [-control who can read books and documents on a PC.-] {+block users from
-# | sharing copies.+}
-#, fuzzy
-#| msgid ""
-#| "<a href=\"http://news.microsoft.com/1999/08/30/microsoft-announces-new-";
-#| "software-for-reading-on-screen\">Books inside Computers:</a> Software to "
-#| "control who can read books and documents on a PC."
-msgid "It has DRM, which is intended to block users from sharing copies."
-msgstr ""
-"<a href=\"http://news.microsoft.com/1999/08/30/microsoft-announces-new-";
-"software-for-reading-on-screen\">Books inside Computers</a>: برÙ
جÙات
تتØÙÙ
"
-"بÙ
Ù ÙÙ
ÙÙÙ Ùراءة اÙÙتب ÙاÙÙثائ٠عÙÙ
اÙØÙاسÙب اÙشخصÙØ©."
-
-#. type: Content of: <div><div><div><ul><li><p>
-msgid ""
-"It has a back door with which Amazon can remotely erase any book. In 2009, "
-"it erased thousands of copies of 1984, by George Orwell."
-msgstr ""
-
-#. type: Content of: <div><div><div><ul><li><p>
-msgid ""
-"In case all that isn't Orwellian enough, there is a universal back door with "
-"which Amazon can remotely change the software, and introduce any other form "
-"of nastiness."
-msgstr ""
-
-#. type: Content of: <div><div><div><p>
-msgid ""
-"Amazon's e-book distribution is oppressive, too. It identifies the user and "
-"records what books the user obtains. It also requires users to agree to an "
-"antisocial contract that they won't share copies with others. My conscience "
-"tells me that, if I had agreed to such a contract, the lesser evil would be "
-"to defy it and share copies anyway; however, to be entirely good, I should "
-"not agree to it in the first place. Therefore, I refuse to agree to such "
-"contracts, whether for software, for e-books, for music, or for anything "
-"else."
-msgstr ""
-
-#. type: Content of: <div><div><div><p>
-msgid ""
-"If we want to stop the bad news and create some good news, we need to "
-"organize and fight. Subscribe to the FSF's <a href=\"https://www.";
-"defectivebydesign.org/\"> Defective by Design</a> campaign to lend a hand. "
-"You can <a href=\"https://www.fsf.org/associate\";>join the FSF</a> to "
-"support our work more generally. There is also a <a href=\"/help/help.html"
-"\">list of ways to participate in our work</a>."
-msgstr ""
-
-#. type: Content of: <div><h3>
-msgid "References"
-msgstr "Ù
راجع"
-
-#. type: Content of: <div><ul><li>
-msgid ""
-"The administration's “White Paper”: Information Infrastructure "
-"Task Force, Intellectual Property [<a href=\"/philosophy/not-ipr.html\">sic</"
-"a>] and the National Information Infrastructure: The Report of the Working "
-"Group on Intellectual Property [sic] Rights (1995)."
-msgstr ""
-
-#. type: Content of: <div><ul><li>
-msgid ""
-"<a href=\"https://www.wired.com/1996/01/white-paper/\";>An explanation of the "
-"White Paper: The Copyright Grab</a>, Pamela Samuelson, <cite>Wired</cite>, "
-"January 1st, 1996."
-msgstr ""
-
-#. type: Content of: <div><ul><li>
-msgid ""
-"<a href=\"https://law.duke.edu/boylesite/sold_out.htm\";>Sold Out</a>, James "
-"Boyle, <cite>New York Times</cite>, March 31, 1996."
-msgstr ""
-
-#. type: Content of: <div><ul><li>
-msgid ""
-"<a href=\"https://web.archive.org/web/20130508120533/http://www.interesting-";
-"people.org/archives/interesting-people/199611/msg00012.html\">Public Data or "
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Index: gnu/po/thegnuproject.ar.po
===================================================================
RCS file: gnu/po/thegnuproject.ar.po
diff -N gnu/po/thegnuproject.ar.po
--- gnu/po/thegnuproject.ar.po 25 Dec 2021 21:34:16 -0000 1.17
+++ /dev/null 1 Jan 1970 00:00:00 -0000
@@ -1,2834 +0,0 @@
-# Arabic translation of https://www.gnu.org/gnu/thegnuproject.html
-# Copyright (C) 2018 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
-# This file is distributed under the same license as the original article.
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-# Mohammed Isam <mohammed_isam1984@yahoo.com>, 2018.
-# Lubna Mohammed, 2018 (proofreading).
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-#
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جÙات اÙØØ±Ø©Ø Ù
ؤسسة اÙبرÙ
جÙات اÙØØ±Ø©Ø Ø§ÙتارÙØ®"
-
-#. type: Content of: <div><h2>
-msgid "The GNU Project"
-msgstr "Ù
شرÙع جÙÙ"
-
-#. type: Content of: <div><address>
-# || No change detected. The change might only be in amounts of spaces.
-#, fuzzy
-#| msgid "by <a href=\"https://www.stallman.org/\";>Richard Stallman</a>"
-msgid "by <a href=\"https://www.stallman.org/\";>Richard Stallman</a>"
-msgstr "بÙÙÙ
<a href=\"https://www.stallman.org/\";>رÙتشارد
ستÙÙÙ
Ù</a>"
-
-#. type: Content of: <div><h3>
-msgid "The first software-sharing community"
-msgstr "Ø£ÙÙ Ù
جتÙ
ع ÙÙ
شارÙØ© اÙبرÙ
جÙات"
-
-#. type: Content of: <div><p>
-msgid ""
-"When I started working at the <abbr title=\"Massachusetts Institute of "
-"Technology\">MIT</abbr> Artificial Intelligence Lab in 1971, I became part "
-"of a software-sharing community that had existed for many years. Sharing of "
-"software was not limited to our particular community; it is as old as "
-"computers, just as sharing of recipes is as old as cooking. But we did it "
-"more than most."
-msgstr ""
-"ØÙÙÙ
ا بدأت اÙعÙ
٠بÙ
ختبر اÙØ°Ùاء اﻻصطÙاعÙ
بÙ
عÙد Ù
اساشÙستس ÙÙتÙÙÙÙÙجÙا <abbr "
-"title=\"Massachusetts Institute of Technology\">MIT</abbr> Ù٠اÙعاÙ
1971Ù
Ø "
-"Ùجدت Ø£ÙÙ٠صرت جزءا٠Ù
Ù Ù
جتÙ
ع ÙÙÙÙ
بÙ
شارÙØ©
اÙبرÙ
جÙØ§ØªØ Ø§Ùشئ اÙØ°Ù Ùا٠Ù
تÙاصÙا٠ÙÙ "
-"اﻷعÙاÙ
اÙت٠سبÙت اÙتØاÙ٠باÙÙ
ختبر. ÙÙ
تÙÙ
Ù
شارÙØ© اÙبرÙ
جÙات Ù
Ùتصرة تØدÙدا٠عÙÙ "
-"Ù
جتÙ
عÙØ§Ø Ø¨Ù ÙاÙت Ù
Ù
ارسة ÙدÙÙ
Ø© ÙدÙ
اÙØÙاسÙب ÙÙسÙØ§Ø Ù
Ø«ÙÙ
ا Ø£Ù Ù
شارÙØ© ÙصÙات "
-"اÙطبخ ÙدÙÙ
Ø© ÙدÙ
عÙ
ÙÙØ© اÙطبخ ÙÙ Øد ذاتÙا.
غÙر Ø£ÙÙا ÙÙا ÙÙÙÙ
باÙÙ
شارÙØ© Ø£Ùثر "
-"بÙØ«Ùر Ù
٠غÙرÙا."
-
-#. type: Content of: <div><p>
-# | The AI Lab used a timesharing operating system called <abbr
-# | title=\"Incompatible Timesharing System\">ITS</abbr> (the Incompatible
-# | Timesharing System) that the lab's staff [-hackers (1)-]
-# | {+hackers <a href=\"#ft1\">[1]</a>+} had designed and written in
-# | assembler language for the Digital <abbr title=\"Programmed Data
-# | Processor\">PDP</abbr>-10, one of the large computers of the era. As a
-# | member of this community, an AI Lab staff system hacker, my job was to
-# | improve this system.
-#, fuzzy
-#| msgid ""
-#| "The AI Lab used a timesharing operating system called <abbr title="
-#| "\"Incompatible Timesharing System\">ITS</abbr> (the Incompatible "
-#| "Timesharing System) that the lab's staff hackers (1) had designed and "
-#| "written in assembler language for the Digital <abbr title=\"Programmed "
-#| "Data Processor\">PDP</abbr>-10, one of the large computers of the era. "
-#| "As a member of this community, an AI Lab staff system hacker, my job was "
-#| "to improve this system."
-msgid ""
-"The AI Lab used a timesharing operating system called <abbr title="
-"\"Incompatible Timesharing System\">ITS</abbr> (the Incompatible Timesharing "
-"System) that the lab's staff hackers <a href=\"#ft1\">[1]</a> had "
-"designed and written in assembler language for the Digital <abbr title="
-"\"Programmed Data Processor\">PDP</abbr>-10, one of the large computers of "
-"the era. As a member of this community, an AI Lab staff system hacker, my "
-"job was to improve this system."
-msgstr ""
-"Ùا٠Ù
ختبر اÙØ°Ùاء اﻻصطÙاع٠ÙستخدÙ
ÙظاÙ
تشغÙÙ ÙعتÙ
د Ù
بدأ اÙÙ
شارÙØ© باÙÙÙØªØ ÙÙا٠"
-"اÙÙظاÙ
Ùدع٠ÙظاÙ
اÙÙ
شارÙØ© باÙÙÙت غÙر
اÙتÙاÙÙÙ <abbr title=\"Incompatible "
-"Timesharing System\">ITS</abbr> (the Incompatible Timesharing System). ÙاÙ
"
-"ÙراصÙØ© اÙÙ
برÙ
جÙÙ ÙÙ ÙرÙ٠عÙ
٠اÙÙ
ختبر (1) Ùد
صÙ
Ù
Ùا ÙبرÙ
جÙا اÙÙظاÙ
باستخداÙ
"
-"Ùغة اÙتجÙ
ÙØ¹Ø Ø¹Ù٠أجÙزة دÙجÙتا٠<abbr
title=\"Programmed Data Processor"
-"\">PDP</abbr>-10Ø ÙÙÙ Ù
٠أضخÙ
اÙØÙاسÙب اÙت٠ÙاÙت Ù
ÙجÙدة ÙÙ Ø°Ù٠اÙÙÙت. ÙØÙØ« "
-"Ø£ÙÙÙ ÙÙت عضÙا٠ÙÙ Ùذا اÙÙ
جتÙ
Ø¹Ø ÙÙ
برÙ
جا٠ÙÙ
ÙرÙ٠عÙ
Ù Ù
ختبر اÙØ°Ùاء اﻻصطÙاعÙØ ÙÙد "
-"ÙاÙت ÙظÙÙت٠تتطÙب أ٠أÙÙÙ
بتØسÙÙ Ùذا
اÙÙظاÙ
."
-
-#. type: Content of: <div><p>
-# | We did not call our software “free [-software”,-]
-# | {+software,”+} because that term did not yet exist; but that is what
-# | it was. Whenever people from another university or a company wanted to
-# | port and use a program, we gladly let them. If you saw someone using an
-# | unfamiliar and interesting program, you could always ask to see the source
-# | code, so that you could read it, change it, or cannibalize parts of it to
-# | make a new program.
-#, fuzzy
-#| msgid ""
-#| "We did not call our software “free software”, because that "
-#| "term did not yet exist; but that is what it was. Whenever people from "
-#| "another university or a company wanted to port and use a program, we "
-#| "gladly let them. If you saw someone using an unfamiliar and interesting "
-#| "program, you could always ask to see the source code, so that you could "
-#| "read it, change it, or cannibalize parts of it to make a new program."
-msgid ""
-"We did not call our software “free software,” because that term "
-"did not yet exist; but that is what it was. Whenever people from another "
-"university or a company wanted to port and use a program, we gladly let "
-"them. If you saw someone using an unfamiliar and interesting program, you "
-"could always ask to see the source code, so that you could read it, change "
-"it, or cannibalize parts of it to make a new program."
-msgstr ""
-"ÙÙ Ø°Ù٠اÙÙÙØªØ ÙÙ
ÙÙÙ ÙØ·Ù٠عÙ٠برÙ
جÙاتÙا
ÙÙظ “اÙبرÙ
جÙات اÙØرة”Ø "
-"ÙØ°Ù٠ﻷ٠اÙÙÙظ ÙÙ
ÙÙÙ Ùد تÙ
اختراع٠بعدØ
ÙÙÙÙ Ùذا ï»» ÙÙ
Ùع Ù
٠أ٠Ù
ا ÙÙا ÙÙ
ارس٠"
-"Ùا٠ØرÙØ© اÙبرÙ
جÙات. ØÙÙÙ
ا Ùا٠اÙÙ
برÙ
جÙÙ
اÙتابعÙÙ ÙجاÙ
عة أخر٠أ٠شرÙØ© Ù
ختÙÙØ© "
-"ÙرغبÙÙ Ù٠استخداÙ
أ٠ترÙÙØ© Ø£Øد براÙ
جÙاØ
ÙÙا ÙسÙ
Ø ÙÙÙ
بذÙÙ. ØÙÙÙ
ا ÙÙت تر٠"
-"شخصا٠آخر ÙستخدÙ
برÙاÙ
جا٠غÙر Ù
Ø£ÙÙÙ ÙÙجذب
Ø°Ù٠اÙتباÙÙØ Ùا٠بإÙ
ÙاÙ٠أ٠تطÙب Ù
Ù "
-"اÙشخص اﻵخر Ø£Ù ÙسÙ
Ø Ù٠برؤÙØ© Ø´Ùرة اÙÙ
صدرØ
ØÙØ« ÙÙ
ÙÙ٠أ٠تÙرأÙØ§Ø ÙتÙÙÙ
"
-"بتعدÙÙÙØ§Ø ÙÙ
Ù Ø«Ù
تستخدÙ
أجزاء Ù
ÙÙا ÙعÙ
Ù
برÙاÙ
ج جدÙد ÙÙÙاÙ."
-
-#. type: Content of: <div><div><p>
-msgid ""
-"Why it is even more important than ever <a href=\"/philosophy/free-software-"
-"even-more-important.html\">to insist that the software we use be free</a>."
-msgstr ""
-"ÙÙ
اذا ÙؤÙ
٠أÙÙ Ù
٠اﻷÙÙ
ÙØ© بÙ
Ùا٠<a
href=\"/philosophy/free-software-even-more-"
-"important.html\">Ø£Ù Ùصر جÙ
Ùعا٠عÙ٠أ٠تÙÙ٠اÙبرÙ
جÙات اÙت٠ÙستخدÙ
Ùا Øرة</a>."
-
-#. type: Content of: <div><h3>
-msgid "The collapse of the community"
-msgstr "اÙÙÙار اÙÙ
جتÙ
ع اﻷÙÙÙ"
-
-#. type: Content of: <div><p>
-msgid ""
-"The situation changed drastically in the early 1980s when Digital "
-"discontinued the PDP-10 series. Its architecture, elegant and powerful in "
-"the 60s, could not extend naturally to the larger address spaces that were "
-"becoming feasible in the 80s. This meant that nearly all of the programs "
-"composing ITS were obsolete."
-msgstr ""
-"Ù٠بداÙØ© اÙØ«Ù
اÙÙÙÙات Ù
٠اÙÙر٠اÙÙ
اضÙØ
تغÙر اÙÙضع ÙÙÙا٠عÙ
ا Ùا٠عÙÙÙØ ÙØ°ÙÙ "
-"ØÙÙÙ
ا Ùررت شرÙØ© دÙجÙتا٠Digital Ø¥ÙÙا٠تصÙÙع
سÙسÙØ© ØÙاسÙب PDP-10. بÙÙÙ
ا Ùا٠"
-"اÙتصÙ
ÙÙ
راÙÙا٠ÙÙÙÙا٠بÙ
ا ÙÙاسب
اÙستÙÙÙØ§ØªØ Ø¥ï»» Ø£ÙÙ ÙØ´Ù Ù٠اÙتÙسع بÙ
ا ÙÙائÙ
"
-"Ù
ساØات اÙعÙاÙÙ٠اÙضخÙ
Ø© اÙت٠صارت Ù
تÙÙرة
Ù٠اÙØ«Ù
اÙÙÙÙات. Ùذا Ùا٠ÙعÙ٠أ٠جÙ
Ùع "
-"اÙبراÙ
ج اÙت٠تÙÙÙ Ù
ÙÙا ÙظاÙ
اÙÙ
شارÙØ©
باÙÙÙت غÙر اÙتÙاÙÙÙ ITS Ùد أصبØت باÙÙØ© "
-"ÙغÙر صاÙØØ© ÙÙعÙ
Ù."
-
-#. type: Content of: <div><p>
-# | The AI Lab hacker community had already collapsed, not long before. In
-# | 1981, the spin-off company Symbolics had hired away nearly all of the
-# | hackers from the AI Lab, and the depopulated community was unable to
-# | maintain itself. (The book [-Hackers,-] {+<cite>Hackers</cite>,+} by
-# | Steve Levy, describes these events, as well as giving a clear picture of
-# | this community in its prime.) When the AI Lab bought a new PDP-10 in
-# | 1982, its administrators decided to use Digital's nonfree timesharing
-# | system instead of ITS.
-#, fuzzy
-#| msgid ""
-#| "The AI Lab hacker community had already collapsed, not long before. In "
-#| "1981, the spin-off company Symbolics had hired away nearly all of the "
-#| "hackers from the AI Lab, and the depopulated community was unable to "
-#| "maintain itself. (The book Hackers, by Steve Levy, describes these "
-#| "events, as well as giving a clear picture of this community in its "
-#| "prime.) When the AI Lab bought a new PDP-10 in 1982, its administrators "
-#| "decided to use Digital's nonfree timesharing system instead of ITS."
-msgid ""
-"The AI Lab hacker community had already collapsed, not long before. In "
-"1981, the spin-off company Symbolics had hired away nearly all of the "
-"hackers from the AI Lab, and the depopulated community was unable to "
-"maintain itself. (The book <cite>Hackers</cite>, by Steve Levy, describes "
-"these events, as well as giving a clear picture of this community in its "
-"prime.) When the AI Lab bought a new PDP-10 in 1982, its administrators "
-"decided to use Digital's nonfree timesharing system instead of ITS."
-msgstr ""
-"Ùا٠Ù
جتÙ
ع اÙÙراصÙØ© اÙÙ
برÙ
جÙ٠بÙ
ختبر
اÙØ°Ùاء اﻻصطÙاع٠Ùد اÙÙار Ùب٠ذÙ٠بÙترة "
-"ÙصÙرة. ÙÙ٠اÙعاÙ
1981Ù
Ø ÙاÙت شرÙØ© سÙÙ
بÙÙÙس
(Symbolics) Ùد ÙجØت Ù٠تÙظÙ٠أغÙب "
-"اÙÙراصÙØ© اÙÙ
برÙ
جÙ٠اÙتابعÙÙ ÙÙ
ختبر
اÙØ°Ùاء اÙاصطÙاعÙØ Ù
Ù
ا أد٠ﻹضعا٠Ù
جتÙ
ع "
-"اÙÙ
برÙ
جÙ٠اÙذ٠صار عاجزا٠ع٠اÙÙ
شارÙØ©
بÙÙس اÙطرÙÙØ© اÙسابÙØ©. (Ø¥Ù Ùتاب اÙÙراصÙØ© "
-"(Hackers)Ø Ù
٠تأÙÙ٠ستÙÙ ÙÙÙÙØ ÙØÙÙ ÙصÙاÙ
دÙÙÙا٠ÙÙذ٠اﻷØØ¯Ø§Ø«Ø Ø¨Ø§ï»¹Ø¶Ø§ÙØ© Ø¥Ù٠أÙÙ "
-"ÙرسÙ
صÙرة ÙاضØØ© ÙÙذا اÙÙ
جتÙ
ع Ù٠ذرÙØ©
ÙشاطÙ). ÙÙÙ
ا Ø¨Ø¹Ø¯Ø ØÙÙÙ
ا ÙاÙ
Ù
ختبر "
-"اÙØ°Ùاء اﻻصطÙاع٠Ù٠اÙعاÙ
1982Ù
بشراء جÙاز
ØاسÙب PDP-10 ØدÙØ«Ø Ùرر اÙÙ
دراء "
-"استخداÙ
ÙظاÙ
تشغÙ٠اÙÙ
شارÙØ© باÙÙÙت Ù
Ù
دÙجÙتاÙØ ÙاÙØ°Ù ÙÙ
ÙÙÙ ØراÙØ Ø¹Ùضا٠ع٠"
-"ÙظاÙ
ITS اÙÙدÙÙ
."
-
-#. type: Content of: <div><p>
-msgid ""
-"The modern computers of the era, such as the VAX or the 68020, had their own "
-"operating systems, but none of them were free software: you had to sign a "
-"nondisclosure agreement even to get an executable copy."
-msgstr ""
-"أجÙزة اÙØÙاسÙب اÙØدÙثة ÙÙ Ø°Ù٠اÙÙÙتØ
ÙجÙاز VAX أ٠جÙاز 68020Ø ÙاÙت جÙ
ÙعÙا "
-"تØÙ٠أÙظÙ
Ø© اÙتشغÙ٠اÙخاصة بÙØ§Ø ÙاÙت٠ÙÙ
ÙÙ٠أÙÙا ØراÙ: Ùا٠Ùجب عÙÙ٠أ٠تÙÙÙ
"
-"بتÙÙÙع اتÙاÙÙØ© عدÙ
Ø¥Ùشاء اﻷسرار ÙÙ ÙÙت
ترغب باÙØصÙ٠عÙÙ Ùسخة Ù
٠اÙبرÙاÙ
ج."
-
-#. type: Content of: <div><p>
-msgid ""
-"This meant that the first step in using a computer was to promise not to "
-"help your neighbor. A cooperating community was forbidden. The rule made "
-"by the owners of proprietary software was, “If you share with your "
-"neighbor, you are a pirate. If you want any changes, beg us to make them."
-"”"
-msgstr ""
-"Ùا٠Ùذا ÙعÙ٠أ٠أÙ٠خطÙØ© ÙتÙجب عÙÙ٠اÙÙÙاÙ
بÙا ﻻستخداÙ
جÙاز ØاسÙب Ù٠أ٠تعد "
-"بأÙÙ Ù٠تÙدÙ
Ùد اÙعÙÙ ÙجارÙØ Ø¨Ù
ا ÙعÙ٠تØرÙÙ
اÙÙ
شارÙØ© Ù٠اÙÙ
جتÙ
ع. Ùا٠اÙÙاÙÙÙ "
-"اÙجدÙد اÙØ°Ù Ùضع٠Ù
Ùا٠اÙبرÙ
جÙات
اﻻØتÙارÙØ© ÙÙ: “إذا ÙÙ
ت باÙÙ
شارÙØ© Ù
ع "
-"جارÙØ ÙØ£Ùت إذا٠ÙرصاÙ. إذا ÙÙت ترغب بإجراء
أ٠تعدÙÙات عÙ٠اÙبرÙاÙ
Ø¬Ø Ùجب عÙÙÙ "
-"أ٠تتÙس٠إÙÙÙا ÙÙÙÙÙ
بذÙÙ.”"
-
-#. type: Content of: <div><p>
-msgid ""
-"The idea that the proprietary software social system—the system that "
-"says you are not allowed to share or change software—is antisocial, "
-"that it is unethical, that it is simply wrong, may come as a surprise to "
-"some readers. But what else could we say about a system based on dividing "
-"the public and keeping users helpless? Readers who find the idea surprising "
-"may have taken the proprietary software social system as a given, or judged "
-"it on the terms suggested by proprietary software businesses. Software "
-"publishers have worked long and hard to convince people that there is only "
-"one way to look at the issue."
-msgstr ""
-"Ùد ÙتÙاجأ بعض اÙÙراء Ù
Ù ÙÙرة أ٠اÙÙظاÙ
اﻻجتÙ
اع٠ÙÙبرÙ
جÙات اﻻØتÙارÙØ© — "
-"ÙÙ٠اÙÙظاÙ
اÙØ°Ù ÙÙرض ÙاÙÙ٠عدÙ
اÙÙ
شارÙØ©
ÙعدÙ
تعدÙ٠اÙبرÙ
جÙات — ÙÙ ÙظاÙ
"
-"ï»» اجتÙ
اعÙØ ÙÙ
ا Ø£ÙÙ ÙظاÙ
ï»» أخÙاÙÙØ
ÙباÙتاÙÙ ÙÙÙ Ù
Ù
ارسة خاطئة Ù
٠أساسÙا. ÙÙÙÙ "
-"Ù
اذا ÙÙ
ÙÙÙا Ø£Ù ÙØ·Ù٠عÙÙ ÙظاÙ
ÙعتÙ
د عÙÙ
تÙرÙ٠اÙرأ٠اÙعاÙ
Ø ÙÙجع٠اÙÙ
ستخدÙ
ÙÙ ï»» "
-"ØÙÙ ÙÙÙ
Ùï»» ÙÙØ©Ø Ø§ÙÙارئ اÙØ°Ù Ùجد Ùذ٠اÙÙÙرة
Ù
Ùاجئة ÙÙ Ù
٠اÙتÙع بأ٠ÙظاÙ
"
-"اÙبرÙ
جÙات اﻻØتÙارÙØ© اﻻجتÙ
اع٠ÙÙ ÙظاÙ
Ù
ÙسÙÙÙ
بÙØ Ø£Ù ÙÙ Ù
Ù ØÙÙ
عÙ٠اÙÙظاÙ
"
-"باﻻعتÙ
اد عÙ٠اÙشرÙØ· اÙت٠ÙرضÙا عÙÙ٠أصØاب
اÙبرÙ
جÙات اﻻØتÙارÙØ© Ø£ÙÙسÙÙ
. ÙÙ
ÙÙÙا "
-"Ø£Ù ÙتÙÙÙ
Ø°ÙÙØ ÙÙاشر٠اÙبراÙ
ج Ùد بذÙÙا
اÙÙØ«Ùر Ù
٠اÙÙÙت ÙاÙجÙد ﻹÙÙاع "
-"اÙÙ
ستخدÙ
Ù٠بأ٠ÙÙا٠طرÙÙØ© ÙاØدة ÙÙØ· ÙÙØÙÙ
عÙÙ Ùذ٠اÙÙ
سأÙØ©."
-
-#. type: Content of: <div><p>
-# | When software publishers talk about “enforcing” their
-# | “rights” or “stopping <a
-# | [-href=\"/philosophy/words-to-avoid.html#Piracy\">piracy</a>”,-]
-# | {+href=\"/philosophy/words-to-avoid.html#Piracy\">piracy</a>,”+}
-# | what they actually <em>say</em> is secondary. The real message of these
-# | statements is in the unstated assumptions they take for granted, which the
-# | public is asked to accept without examination. Let's therefore examine
-# | them.
-#, fuzzy
-#| msgid ""
-#| "When software publishers talk about “enforcing” their “"
-#| "rights” or “stopping <a href=\"/philosophy/words-to-avoid."
-#| "html#Piracy\">piracy</a>”, what they actually <em>say</em> is "
-#| "secondary. The real message of these statements is in the unstated "
-#| "assumptions they take for granted, which the public is asked to accept "
-#| "without examination. Let's therefore examine them."
-msgid ""
-"When software publishers talk about “enforcing” their “"
-"rights” or “stopping <a href=\"/philosophy/words-to-avoid."
-"html#Piracy\">piracy</a>,” what they actually <em>say</em> is "
-"secondary. The real message of these statements is in the unstated "
-"assumptions they take for granted, which the public is asked to accept "
-"without examination. Let's therefore examine them."
-msgstr ""
-"ØÙÙÙ
ا ÙتØدث Ùاشر٠اÙبراÙ
ج ع٠“Ùرض
ØÙÙÙÙÙ
” باÙÙÙØ©Ø Ø£Ù ”"
-"Ù
Øاربة ÙØ¥ÙÙا٠<a
href=\"/philosophy/words-to-avoid.html#Piracy\">اÙÙرصÙØ©</"
-"a>“ Ùإ٠بÙ
ا <em>ÙÙÙÙÙÙÙ</em> Ù٠اÙØÙÙÙØ© ÙÙس Ù
ÙÙ
ا٠عÙ٠اﻹطÙاÙ. اÙرساÙØ© "
-"اÙØÙÙÙÙØ© Ù
Ù Ùراء تصرÙØاتÙÙ
تÙÙ
Ù ÙÙ
اÙتراضاتÙÙ
غÙر اÙÙ
عÙÙØ©Ø ÙاÙت٠ÙتعÙ٠عÙÙ "
-"اÙجÙ
ÙÙر اÙÙبÙ٠بÙا بدÙ٠بØØ« أ٠تÙ
ØÙص.
إذاÙØ ÙÙÙÙÙ
باÙبØØ« ÙÙ Ùذ٠اﻻÙتراضات اﻵÙ."
-
-#. type: Content of: <div><p>
-msgid ""
-"One assumption is that software companies have an unquestionable natural "
-"right to own software and thus have power over all its users. (If this were "
-"a natural right, then no matter how much harm it does to the public, we "
-"could not object.) Interestingly, the US Constitution and legal tradition "
-"reject this view; copyright is not a natural right, but an artificial "
-"government-imposed monopoly that limits the users' natural right to copy."
-msgstr ""
-"Ø£Øد Ùذ٠اﻻÙتراضات Ù٠أ٠شرÙات اÙبرÙ
جÙات Ù
Ù ØÙÙا أ٠تÙ
تÙ٠اÙبرÙ
جÙØ§ØªØ ÙباÙتاÙÙ "
-"أ٠تÙرض سÙطتÙا عÙ٠جÙ
Ùع اÙÙ
ستخدÙ
ÙÙØ ÙØ£Ù
Ùذا Ø٠طبÙع٠ÙغÙر Ùاب٠ÙÙÙÙاش. (إذا "
-"سÙÙ
Ùا بأ٠Ùذا Ø٠طبÙعÙØ ÙØ¥Ù Ø°ÙÙ ÙعÙ٠أÙÙا
ÙÙ ÙتÙ
ÙÙ Ù
٠اﻻعتراض عÙÙÙØ Ø¨ØºØ¶ "
-"اÙÙظر ع٠Ù
Ùدار اﻷذ٠اÙذ٠سÙسبب٠ÙÙجÙ
ÙÙر). Ù
٠اÙÙ
Ø«Ùر ÙÙاÙتÙ
اÙ
أ٠دستÙر "
-"اÙÙÙاÙات اÙÙ
تØدة ÙاÙÙÙاÙ
Ùس اÙÙاÙÙÙÙØ©
ترÙضا٠ÙجÙØ© اÙÙظر ÙØ°ÙØ ØÙØ« Ø£Ù ØÙÙÙ "
-"اÙÙ
ÙÙÙØ© ÙÙست ØÙÙÙا٠أصÙÙØ©Ø ÙØ¥ÙÙ
ا Ù٠خطة
اØتÙارÙØ© Ù
صطÙعة تÙرضÙا اÙØÙÙÙ
ات ÙتÙ
Ùع "
-"اÙÙ
ستخدÙ
ÙÙ Ù
Ù Ù
Ù
ارسة ØÙÙÙ
اÙطبÙع٠ÙÙ
اÙÙÙÙ ÙاÙÙ
شارÙØ©."
-
-#. type: Content of: <div><p>
-msgid ""
-"Another unstated assumption is that the only important thing about software "
-"is what jobs it allows you to do—that we computer users should not "
-"care what kind of society we are allowed to have."
-msgstr ""
-"ÙÙا٠اÙتراض ضÙ
Ù٠آخر ÙÙض٠بأ٠اÙشئ اÙÙØÙد
ذ٠اﻷÙÙ
ÙØ© ÙÙ Ù
ÙضÙع اÙبرÙ
جÙات ÙÙ "
-"ÙÙع اÙÙظائ٠اÙت٠ÙÙ
ÙÙ٠اÙÙÙاÙ
بÙا — بÙ
عÙ٠أÙÙا ÙÙ
ستخدÙ
Ù ØÙاسÙب Ùجب Ø£Ùا "
-"ÙÙتÙ
Ø£Ù ÙÙÙر ÙÙ ÙÙع اÙÙ
جتÙ
ع اÙØ°Ù ÙÙسÙ
ÙØ
ÙÙا باÙعÙØ´ ÙÙÙ."
-
-#. type: Content of: <div><p>
-msgid ""
-"A third assumption is that we would have no usable software (or would never "
-"have a program to do this or that particular job) if we did not offer a "
-"company power over the users of the program. This assumption may have "
-"seemed plausible, before the free software movement demonstrated that we can "
-"make plenty of useful software without putting chains on it."
-msgstr ""
-"ÙÙا٠اÙتراض ثاÙØ« بأÙÙا ÙÙ
ستخدÙ
ÙÙ Ù
ضطرÙÙ
ÙÙسÙ
Ø§Ø ÙشرÙات اÙبرÙ
جÙات بأ٠تسÙطر "
-"عÙÙ Ù
ستخدÙ
٠برÙ
جÙاتÙØ§Ø Ùإﻻ ÙÙÙ ÙتÙ
ÙÙ Ù
Ù
اÙØصÙ٠عÙ٠براÙ
ج ÙعاÙØ© (Ø£Ù ÙÙ ÙتÙ
ÙÙ "
-"Ù
٠اÙØصÙ٠عÙ٠برÙاÙ
ج ÙÙÙÙ
بÙذ٠اÙÙظÙÙØ© Ø£Ù
تÙÙ). ربÙ
ا بدا Ùذا اﻻÙتراض Ù
ÙØ·ÙÙا٠"
-"ÙÙÙÙÙØ© اﻷÙÙÙØ Ø¥ï»» Ø£Ù ØرÙØ© اÙبرÙ
جÙات اÙØرة
Ùد برÙÙت عÙ٠أÙÙا ÙÙ
ÙÙÙا Ø£Ù ÙتØص٠"
-"عÙ٠اÙÙØ«Ùر Ù
٠اÙبرÙ
جÙات اÙÙ
ÙÙدة بدÙ٠أÙ
Ùضع ÙÙÙدا٠عÙÙÙا."
-
-#. type: Content of: <div><p>
-msgid ""
-"If we decline to accept these assumptions, and judge these issues based on "
-"ordinary commonsense morality while placing the users first, we arrive at "
-"very different conclusions. Computer users should be free to modify "
-"programs to fit their needs, and free to share software, because helping "
-"other people is the basis of society."
-msgstr ""
-"إذا ÙررÙا Ø£Ù ÙرÙض Ùذ٠اﻻÙØªØ±Ø§Ø¶Ø§ØªØ ÙأردÙا
Ø£Ù ÙØÙÙ
عÙÙ Ùذ٠اÙÙ
سائ٠استÙادا٠عÙÙ "
-"اÙÙ
ÙØ·Ù ÙاﻷخÙا٠ÙÙØدÙÙ
Ø§Ø ÙاضعÙ٠اÙÙ
ستخدÙ
Ø£ÙÙاÙØ ÙØ¥ÙÙا سÙص٠Ù٠اÙÙÙاÙØ© ÙÙتائج "
-"Ù
ختÙÙØ© ÙÙÙاÙ. ÙÙبغ٠أ٠تÙÙÙ Ùد٠Ù
ستخدÙ
Ù
اÙØÙاسÙب ØرÙØ© تعدÙ٠اÙبرÙ
جÙات بÙ
ا "
-"ÙÙاسب اØتÙاجاتÙÙ
Ø ÙÙ
ا ÙÙبغ٠أ٠تÙÙÙ ÙدÙÙÙ
ØرÙØ© Ù
شارÙØ© اÙبرÙ
جÙØ§ØªØ Ø¨Ø¨Ø³Ø§Ø·Ø© ï»·Ù "
-"Ù
ساعدة اﻵخرÙÙ Ù٠اﻷساس Ù٠بÙاء اÙÙ
جتÙ
ع."
-
-#. type: Content of: <div><p>
-# | There is no room here for an extensive statement of the reasoning behind
-# | this conclusion, so I refer the reader to [-the web pages <a
-# | href=\"/philosophy/why-free.html\">
-# | http://www.gnu.org/philosophy/why-free.html</a>-] {+“<a
-# | href=\"/philosophy/why-free.html\">Why Software Should Not Have
-# | Owners</a>,”+} and [-<a
-# | href=\"/philosophy/free-software-even-more-important.html\">
-# | http://www.gnu.org/philosophy/free-software-even-more-important.html</a>.-]
-# | {+“<a
-# | href=\"/philosophy/free-software-even-more-important.html\">Free Software
-# | Is Even More Important Now</a>.”+}
-#, fuzzy
-#| msgid ""
-#| "There is no room here for an extensive statement of the reasoning behind "
-#| "this conclusion, so I refer the reader to the web pages <a href=\"/"
-#| "philosophy/why-free.html\"> http://www.gnu.org/philosophy/why-free.html</"
-#| "a> and <a href=\"/philosophy/free-software-even-more-important.html\"> "
-#| "http://www.gnu.org/philosophy/free-software-even-more-important.html</a>."
-msgid ""
-"There is no room here for an extensive statement of the reasoning behind "
-"this conclusion, so I refer the reader to “<a href=\"/philosophy/why-"
-"free.html\">Why Software Should Not Have Owners</a>,” and “<a "
-"href=\"/philosophy/free-software-even-more-important.html\">Free Software Is "
-"Even More Important Now</a>.”"
-msgstr ""
-"بÙ
ا أ٠اÙÙ
ساØØ© ï»» تسÙ
Ø Ø¨Ø¹Ø±Ø¶ Ù
Ø·ÙÙ ÙÙأسباب
اÙت٠تÙÙدÙا ÙÙذ٠اÙÙتÙØ¬Ø©Ø Ø¹ÙÙÙ ÙÙØµØ "
-"اÙÙارئ باﻻطÙاع عÙ٠صÙØØ© <a
href=\"/philosophy/why-free.html\"> http://www.";
-"gnu.org/philosophy/why-free.html</a> ÙصÙØØ© <a href=\"/philosophy/free-"
-"software-even-more-important.html\"> http://www.gnu.org/philosophy/free-";
-"software-even-more-important.html</a>."
-
-#. type: Content of: <div><h3>
-msgid "A stark moral choice"
-msgstr "اÙØ®Ùار اﻷخÙاÙ٠اÙÙاسÙ"
-
-#. type: Content of: <div><p>
-msgid ""
-"With my community gone, to continue as before was impossible. Instead, I "
-"faced a stark moral choice."
-msgstr ""
-"بعد اÙÙÙار Ù
جتÙ
ع٠اÙÙدÙÙ
Ø ØµØ§Ø± Ù
٠اÙÙ
ستØÙÙ
عÙ٠أ٠أÙاص٠ÙاÙسابÙ. ÙعÙÙ٠صار "
-"عÙ٠أ٠أÙÙÙ
بأÙس٠خÙار أخÙاÙ٠عÙ٠اﻹطÙاÙ."
-
-#. type: Content of: <div><p>
-msgid ""
-"The easy choice was to join the proprietary software world, signing "
-"nondisclosure agreements and promising not to help my fellow hacker. Most "
-"likely I would also be developing software that was released under "
-"nondisclosure agreements, thus adding to the pressure on other people to "
-"betray their fellows too."
-msgstr ""
-"اÙØ®Ùار اﻷسÙÙ Ùا٠أ٠أÙضÙ
ÙعاÙÙ
اÙبرÙ
جÙات
اﻻØتÙارÙØ©Ø ØÙØ« Ø£ÙÙÙ
بتÙÙÙع اتÙاÙÙات "
-"عدÙ
Ø¥Ùشاء Ø§ï»·Ø³Ø±Ø§Ø±Ø ÙØ£Ùطع Ùعدا٠بأÙا أساعد
زÙ
Ùائ٠اÙÙ
برÙ
جÙÙ. عÙÙ Ø§ï»·Ø±Ø¬Ø Ø£ÙÙÙ ÙÙت "
-"سأÙÙÙ
بتطÙÙر برÙ
جÙات سÙتÙ
إصدارÙا تØت
اتÙاÙÙات عدÙ
Ø¥Ùشاء Ù
Ù
اثÙØ©Ø Ù
Ù
ا سÙزÙد "
-"اÙضغط عÙ٠اﻵخرÙÙ ÙÙضطرÙÙ
ÙØ®ÙاÙØ© زÙ
ÙائÙÙ
باÙÙ
Ø«Ù."
-
-#. type: Content of: <div><p>
-msgid ""
-"I could have made money this way, and perhaps amused myself writing code. "
-"But I knew that at the end of my career, I would look back on years of "
-"building walls to divide people, and feel I had spent my life making the "
-"world a worse place."
-msgstr ""
-"Ùا٠ÙÙ
ÙÙÙ٠جÙ٠اÙÙØ«Ùر Ù
٠اÙÙ
ا٠بسÙÙÙ Ùذا
اÙطرÙÙØ ÙربÙ
ا Ø£Ù
تعت ÙÙس٠بÙتابة "
-"اÙبراÙ
ج ÙÙ ÙÙس اÙÙÙت. اÙÙ
Ø´ÙÙØ© Ø£ÙÙÙ ÙÙت أعÙÙ
Ø£Ù٠عÙدÙ
ا تÙتÙÙ Ù
سÙرت٠اÙÙ
ÙÙÙØ©Ø "
-"عÙدÙا سأÙظر ÙÙÙراء ÙجÙ
Ùع اÙسÙÙات اÙتÙ
ÙضÙتÙا Ù٠بÙاء اÙجدرا٠اÙت٠تÙص٠اÙÙاس "
-"ع٠بعضÙÙ
Ø ÙعÙدÙا سأشعر بأÙÙÙ ÙضÙت سÙÙ
ØÙات٠Ù٠جع٠اÙعاÙÙ
Ù
ÙاÙا٠أسÙØ£ ÙÙعÙØ´ "
-"ÙÙÙ."
-
-#. type: Content of: <div><p>
-msgid ""
-"I had already experienced being on the receiving end of a nondisclosure "
-"agreement, when someone refused to give me and the MIT AI Lab the source "
-"code for the control program for our printer. (The lack of certain features "
-"in this program made use of the printer extremely frustrating.) So I could "
-"not tell myself that nondisclosure agreements were innocent. I was very "
-"angry when he refused to share with us; I could not turn around and do the "
-"same thing to everyone else."
-msgstr ""
-"ÙÙت Ùد جربت أ٠أÙÙ٠عÙ٠اÙطر٠اﻵخر Ù
Ù
اتÙاÙÙØ© عدÙ
Ø¥Ùشاء Ø§ï»·Ø³Ø±Ø§Ø±Ø ÙØ°ÙÙ ØÙÙÙ
ا "
-"رÙض Ø£ØدÙÙ
إعطائ٠أÙا ÙÙ
ختبر اÙØ°Ùاء
اﻻصطÙاع٠شÙرة اÙÙ
صدر ÙÙبرÙاÙ
ج اÙØ°Ù ÙتØÙÙ
"
-"Ù٠آÙتÙا اÙطابعة. (Ùا٠استخداÙ
Ùذ٠اﻵÙØ©
اÙطابعة Ù
Ø«Ùرا٠ÙÙاØباط بصÙرة ÙبÙØ±Ø©Ø "
-"ÙØ°ÙÙ Ùسبة ÙغÙاب بعض اÙخصائص اÙÙ
ÙÙ
Ø© Ù
Ù
برÙاÙ
ج اÙتØÙÙ
). ÙعÙÙÙØ ÙÙ
أتÙ
Ù٠أبدا٠"
-"Ù
٠إÙÙاع ÙÙس٠بأ٠اتÙاÙÙات عدÙ
Ø¥Ùشاء
اﻷسرار برÙئة. ÙÙت غاضبا٠ÙÙغاÙØ© ØÙÙÙ
ا "
-"رÙض Ø°Ù٠اÙشخص Ù
شارÙØ© اÙبرÙاÙ
ج Ù
عÙØ§Ø ÙÙÙ
أستطع أ٠أدÙر عÙ٠عÙب٠ÙØ£ÙÙÙ
بÙع٠"
-"ÙÙس اÙشئ Ù
ع اﻵخرÙÙ."
-
-#. type: Content of: <div><p>
-msgid ""
-"Another choice, straightforward but unpleasant, was to leave the computer "
-"field. That way my skills would not be misused, but they would still be "
-"wasted. I would not be culpable for dividing and restricting computer "
-"users, but it would happen nonetheless."
-msgstr ""
-"اÙØ®Ùار Ø§ï»µØ®Ø±Ø ÙاÙØ°Ù Ùا٠Ù
باشرا٠ÙÙÙÙ٠غÙر Ù
رÙØ Ø¥Ø·ÙاÙاÙØ Ùا٠أ٠أغادر Ù
جا٠"
-"اÙØÙسبة ÙÙائÙاÙ. Ùا٠Ùذا ÙعÙ٠أ٠Ùدرات٠ÙÙ
Ùساء استخداÙ
ÙØ§Ø ÙÙÙ٠سÙتÙ
Ø¥ÙدارÙا. "
-"Ùا٠Ùذا سÙعÙ٠أÙضا٠أÙÙÙ Ù٠أÙÙÙ Ù
سئÙÙاÙ
ع٠تÙرÙØ© ÙتØجÙÙ
Ù
ستخدÙ
٠اÙØÙاسÙØ¨Ø Ø¥ï»» "
-"Ø£Ù Ùذا ÙÙ
ÙÙÙ ÙÙÙ
Ùع ØدÙØ«ÙÙ
ا Ù٠جÙ
Ùع
اﻷØÙاÙ."
-
-#. type: Content of: <div><p>
-msgid ""
-"So I looked for a way that a programmer could do something for the good. I "
-"asked myself, was there a program or programs that I could write, so as to "
-"make a community possible once again?"
-msgstr ""
-"ÙÙ Ùذا جعÙÙ٠أبØØ« ع٠طرÙÙØ© ÙÙ
ÙÙÙ٠بÙا ÙÙ
برÙ
ج أ٠أÙع٠شÙئا٠جÙدا٠ÙخدÙ
Ø© "
-"اÙÙ
جتÙ
ع. سأÙت ÙÙس٠سؤاÙاÙ: ÙÙ ÙÙا٠أ٠برÙاÙ
ج (أ٠براÙ
ج) ÙÙ
ÙÙÙ٠أ٠أÙÙÙ
"
-"بÙتابتÙØ§Ø ÙاÙت٠ستجع٠باﻹÙ
Ùا٠إÙشاء Ù
جتÙ
ع Ù
شار٠Ù
٠جدÙدØ"
-
-#. type: Content of: <div><p>
-msgid ""
-"The answer was clear: what was needed first was an operating system. That "
-"is the crucial software for starting to use a computer. With an operating "
-"system, you can do many things; without one, you cannot run the computer at "
-"all. With a free operating system, we could again have a community of "
-"cooperating hackers—and invite anyone to join. And anyone would be "
-"able to use a computer without starting out by conspiring to deprive his or "
-"her friends."
-msgstr ""
-"اﻹجابة ÙاÙت ÙاضØØ©: ÙØتاج Ø£ÙÙا٠ÙÙظاÙ
تشغÙÙ Ùب٠Ù٠شئ. ÙظاÙ
اÙتشغÙÙ Ù٠اÙخطÙØ© "
-"اﻷÙÙ٠اÙت٠ÙØتاجÙا ÙÙبدأ باستخداÙ
جÙاز
اÙØاسÙب. ØÙÙÙ
ا ÙÙÙÙ ÙدÙÙ ÙظاÙ
تشغÙÙØ "
-"عÙدÙا ÙÙ
ÙÙ٠أ٠تÙع٠اÙعدÙد Ù
٠اﻷشÙØ§Ø¡Ø Ø£Ù
ا
بدÙÙ ÙظاÙ
اÙتشغÙ٠سÙتعذر عÙÙÙ "
-"تشغÙ٠اÙØاسÙب Ù
٠أساسÙ. بÙجÙد ÙظاÙ
تشغÙÙ
ØØ±Ø ÙÙ
ÙÙÙا Ø£Ù ÙعÙد Ø¥Ùشاء Ù
جتÙ
ع "
-"اÙÙراصÙØ© اÙÙ
تعاÙÙÙÙ — ÙÙ
ا ÙÙ
ÙÙÙا دعÙØ©
أ٠شخص ÙÙاÙضÙ
اÙ
. أ٠شخص سÙتÙ
ÙÙ "
-"Ù
٠استخداÙ
ØاسÙب٠بدÙ٠أ٠Ùضطر بدءا٠ÙÙتآÙ
ر ضد زÙ
Ùائ٠ÙØرÙ
اÙÙÙ
Ù
Ù ØرÙتÙÙ
"
-"اÙبرÙ
جÙØ©."
-
-#. type: Content of: <div><p>
-# | As an operating system developer, I had the right skills for this job. So
-# | even though I could not take success for granted, I realized that I was
-# | elected to do the job. I chose to make the system compatible with Unix so
-# | that it would be portable, and so that Unix users could easily switch to
-# | it. The name GNU was chosen, following a hacker tradition, as a recursive
-# | acronym for “GNU's Not Unix.” It is pronounced as <a
-# | href=\"/gnu/pronunciation.html\">one syllable with a [-hard g</a>.-]
-# | {+hard <i>g</i></a>.+}
-#, fuzzy
-#| msgid ""
-#| "As an operating system developer, I had the right skills for this job. "
-#| "So even though I could not take success for granted, I realized that I "
-#| "was elected to do the job. I chose to make the system compatible with "
-#| "Unix so that it would be portable, and so that Unix users could easily "
-#| "switch to it. The name GNU was chosen, following a hacker tradition, as "
-#| "a recursive acronym for “GNU's Not Unix.” It is pronounced as "
-#| "<a href=\"/gnu/pronunciation.html\">one syllable with a hard g</a>."
-msgid ""
-"As an operating system developer, I had the right skills for this job. So "
-"even though I could not take success for granted, I realized that I was "
-"elected to do the job. I chose to make the system compatible with Unix so "
-"that it would be portable, and so that Unix users could easily switch to "
-"it. The name GNU was chosen, following a hacker tradition, as a recursive "
-"acronym for “GNU's Not Unix.” It is pronounced as <a href=\"/gnu/"
-"pronunciation.html\">one syllable with a hard <i>g</i></a>."
-msgstr ""
-"بصÙت٠Ù
برÙ
ج Ø£ÙظÙ
Ø© تشغÙÙ ÙÙد ÙÙت Ø£Ù
تÙÙ
اÙصÙات اÙÙ
ؤÙÙØ© ÙÙذ٠اÙÙ
ÙÙ
Ø©. ÙØ°ÙÙØ "
-"ÙرغÙ
ا٠ع٠أÙÙÙ ÙÙ
Ø£ÙÙ Ù
تأÙدا٠Ù
٠اÙÙجاØØ
ÙÙد أدرÙت Ø£ÙÙÙ Ùد تÙ
اختÙار٠ÙÙØ°Ù "
-"اÙÙ
ÙÙ
Ø©. اخترت أ٠أجع٠ÙظاÙ
اÙتشغÙÙ Ù
ÙائÙ
اÙ
ÙÙÙÙÙس (Unix) بØÙØ« تÙÙ٠اÙبرÙ
جÙات "
-"ÙابÙØ© ÙÙترÙÙØ©Ø ÙØت٠ÙتÙ
ÙÙ Ù
ستخدÙ
Ù ÙÙÙÙس Ù
٠اﻻÙتÙا٠بسÙÙÙØ© ÙÙÙظاÙ
اÙجدÙد. ÙÙ
ت "
-"باختÙار اسÙ
جÙÙ (GNU)Ø Ø¹Ù٠عادة اÙÙراصÙØ© اÙÙ
برÙ
جÙÙØ Ùاختصار Ù
تÙرر بÙ
عÙÙ "
-"“جÙÙ ÙÙس ÙÙÙÙس Ø£Ù GNU's Not Unix.” ÙÙÙØ·Ù <a
href=\"/gnu/"
-"pronunciation.html\">ÙÙ
Ùطع ÙÙظ٠ÙاØد Ù
ع تشدÙد اÙجÙÙ
</a>."
-
-#. type: Content of: <div><p>
-msgid ""
-"An operating system does not mean just a kernel, barely enough to run other "
-"programs. In the 1970s, every operating system worthy of the name included "
-"command processors, assemblers, compilers, interpreters, debuggers, text "
-"editors, mailers, and much more. ITS had them, Multics had them, VMS had "
-"them, and Unix had them. The GNU operating system would include them too."
-msgstr ""
-"إ٠أ٠ÙظاÙ
تشغÙÙ Ùجب Ø£Ù ÙØتÙ٠أشÙاء Ø£Ùثر Ù
Ù
ÙÙاة اÙÙظاÙ
Ø ÙاÙت٠باÙÙاد تسÙ
Ø "
-"بتشغÙ٠اÙبراÙ
ج اﻷخرÙ. Ù٠اÙسبعÙÙÙات ÙاÙت
جÙ
Ùع ÙظÙ
اÙتشغÙ٠اÙÙ
ØترÙ
Ø© تØتÙ٠عÙÙ "
-"Ù
عاÙجات Ø£ÙاÙ
Ø±Ø ÙÙ
ÙجÙ
Ùعات ÙÙ
ترجÙ
ات ÙÙ
ÙصØÙØات ÙÙØ´Ùرة اÙبرÙ
جÙØ©Ø ÙÙ
Øررات ÙصÙØµØ "
-"ÙبراÙ
ج برÙد اÙÙترÙÙÙØ ÙاÙÙØ«Ùر غÙرÙا Ù
Ù
اÙبراÙ
ج. ÙظاÙ
ITS Ùا٠ÙØتÙÙÙØ§Ø ÙÙ
ا "
-"ÙاÙت Ø£ÙظÙ
Ø© Multics ÙVMS ÙUnix جÙ
ÙعÙا. Ùا٠Ùذا ÙعÙÙ
Ø£Ù ÙظاÙ
جÙ٠سÙØتÙÙ ÙØ°Ù "
-"اÙبراÙ
ج Ø£ÙضاÙ."
-
-#. type: Content of: <div><p>
-# | Later I heard these words, attributed to [-Hillel (1):-] {+Hillel <a
-# | href=\"#ft2\">[2]</a>:+}
-#, fuzzy
-#| msgid "Later I heard these words, attributed to Hillel (1):"
-msgid ""
-"Later I heard these words, attributed to Hillel <a href=\"#ft2\">[2]</"
-"a>:"
-msgstr "ÙاØÙاÙØ Ø³Ù
عت Ùذ٠اÙÙÙÙ
Ø§ØªØ ÙاÙتÙ
تÙÙسÙب Ø¥ÙÙ ÙÙÙÙÙ (Hillel) (1):"
-
-#. type: Content of: <div><blockquote><p>
-msgid "If I am not for myself, who will be for me?"
-msgstr "ÙÙ ÙÙ
Ø£Ù٠داعÙ
ا٠ÙÙÙسÙØ ÙÙ
٠سÙدعÙ
ÙÙØ"
-
-#. type: Content of: <div><blockquote><p>
-msgid "If I am only for myself, what am I?"
-msgstr "ÙÙ ÙÙ
Ø£ÙتÙ
باﻵخرÙÙØ ÙÙ
٠أÙاØ"
-
-#. type: Content of: <div><blockquote><p>
-msgid "If not now, when?"
-msgstr "ÙÙ ÙÙ
Ø£ÙعÙÙا اﻵÙØ ÙÙ
ت٠إذاÙØ"
-
-#. type: Content of: <div><p>
-msgid "The decision to start the GNU Project was based on a similar spirit."
-msgstr "Ùرار٠بإÙشاء Ù
شرÙع جÙÙ Ùا٠Ù
ستÙدا٠عÙÙ
عÙÙÙØ© Ù
شابÙØ© ÙÙØ°Ù."
-
-#. type: Content of: <div><h3>
-msgid "Free as in freedom"
-msgstr "Øر ÙÙ
ا Ù٠اÙØرÙØ©"
-
-#. type: Content of: <div><p>
-msgid ""
-"The term “free software” is sometimes misunderstood—it has "
-"nothing to do with price. It is about freedom. Here, therefore, is the "
-"definition of free software."
-msgstr ""
-"إ٠تعبÙر “اÙبرÙ
جÙات اÙØرة” ÙØ«Ùرا٠Ù
ا
Ùساء ÙÙÙ
Ù — ÙÙÙ ï»» "
-"عÙاÙØ© Ù٠باÙÙ
اÙØ ÙØ¥ÙÙ
ا ÙÙعÙÙ٠باÙØرÙØ©. ÙÙÙ
ا ÙÙÙØ Ø³ÙÙÙÙ
بتعرÙ٠اÙبرÙ
جÙات اÙØرة."
-
-#. type: Content of: <div><p>
-msgid "A program is free software, for you, a particular user, if:"
-msgstr ""
-"Ùعتبر اÙبرÙاÙ
ج اÙÙ
عÙ٠برÙ
جÙØ© Øرة باÙÙسبة
Ù٠أÙÙا اÙÙ
ستخدÙ
ØÙÙÙ
ا ÙستÙÙÙ ÙØ°Ù "
-"اÙشرÙØ·:"
-
-#. type: Content of: <div><ul><li>
-msgid "You have the freedom to run the program as you wish, for any purpose."
-msgstr ""
-"ØÙÙÙ
ا تÙÙÙ ÙدÙÙ ØرÙØ© استخداÙ
اÙبرÙاÙ
ج بأÙ
صÙرة تراÙا Ù
ÙØ§Ø³Ø¨Ø©Ø ï»·Ù ØºØ±Ø¶ ترغب بÙ."
-
-#. type: Content of: <div><ul><li>
-msgid ""
-"You have the freedom to modify the program to suit your needs. (To make "
-"this freedom effective in practice, you must have access to the source code, "
-"since making changes in a program without having the source code is "
-"exceedingly difficult.)"
-msgstr ""
-"ØÙÙÙ
ا تÙÙÙ ÙدÙÙ ØرÙØ© تعدÙ٠اÙبرÙاÙ
ج
ÙÙÙاسب اØتÙاجات٠اÙخاصة. (Øت٠تÙÙÙ ÙØ°Ù "
-"اÙØرÙØ© عÙ
ÙÙØ©Ø Ùجب أ٠تتÙÙر ÙدÙÙ Ø´Ùرة اÙÙ
صدر اÙخاصة باÙبرÙاÙ
Ø¬Ø ØÙØ« أ٠تعدÙÙ "
-"اÙبرÙاÙ
ج بدÙÙ ÙجÙد Ø´Ùرة اÙÙ
صدر Ø£Ù
ر صعب
ÙÙغاÙØ©)."
-
-#. type: Content of: <div><ul><li>
-msgid ""
-"You have the freedom to redistribute copies, either gratis or for a fee."
-msgstr ""
-"ØÙÙÙ
ا تÙÙÙ ÙدÙÙ ØرÙØ© إعادة تÙزÙع Ùسخ Ù
Ù
اÙبرÙاÙ
Ø¬Ø Ù
جاÙا٠أ٠برسÙÙ
Ù
اÙÙØ©."
-
-#. type: Content of: <div><ul><li>
-msgid ""
-"You have the freedom to distribute modified versions of the program, so that "
-"the community can benefit from your improvements."
-msgstr ""
-"ØÙÙÙ
ا تÙÙÙ ÙدÙÙ ØرÙØ© إعادة تÙزÙع Ùسخ Ù
عدÙØ©
Ù
٠اÙبرÙاÙ
Ø¬Ø Ø¨ØÙØ« ÙÙ
ÙÙ ÙÙÙ
جتÙ
ع أ٠"
-"ÙستÙÙد Ù
٠تØسÙÙات٠اÙت٠أدخÙتÙا عÙÙ
اÙبرÙاÙ
ج اﻷصÙ."
-
-#. type: Content of: <div><p>
-msgid ""
-"Since “free” refers to freedom, not to price, there is no "
-"contradiction between selling copies and free software. In fact, the "
-"freedom to sell copies is crucial: collections of free software sold on CD-"
-"ROMs are important for the community, and selling them is an important way "
-"to raise funds for free software development. Therefore, a program which "
-"people are not free to include on these collections is not free software."
-msgstr ""
-"بÙ
ا Ø£Ù “اÙØرÙØ©” ÙÙا ترÙ
ز ÙÙÙع٠Ùا ÙÙÙ
اÙØ Ø¹ÙÙÙ ÙÙÙس ÙÙا٠تضارب "
-"بÙÙ ÙÙ٠اÙبرÙ
جÙØ© Øرة ÙÙÙÙÙا تباع بسعر. ÙÙ
اÙÙاÙØ¹Ø ÙØ¥Ù ØرÙØ© بÙع Ùسخ Ù
Ù "
-"اÙبراÙ
ج ÙÙ ØرÙØ© أساسÙØ©: إ٠اÙÙ
جتÙ
ع ÙستÙÙد Ù
Ù Ù
جÙ
Ùعات اÙبرÙ
جÙات اÙØرة اÙت٠"
-"تباع عÙ٠اﻷÙراص اÙÙ
ضغÙØ·Ø©Ø ØÙØ« Ø£ÙÙا تشÙÙ Ù
صدرا٠ÙاÙ
ا٠Ù
Ù Ù
صادر جÙ
ع اﻷÙ
ÙاÙØ "
-"ÙاÙت٠تساعد Ù٠تطÙÙر اÙبرÙ
جÙات اÙØرة. Ùذا
ÙعÙ٠أ٠أ٠برÙ
جÙØ© ï»» ÙÙسÙ
Ø Ø¨Ø¥Ø¯Ø®Ø§ÙÙا "
-"ÙÙ Ùذ٠اÙÙ
جÙ
Ùعات Ù٠بطبÙعة اÙØا٠برÙ
جÙØ©
غÙر Øرة."
-
-#. type: Content of: <div><p>
-# | Because of the ambiguity of [-“free”,-]
-# | {+“free,”+} people have long looked for alternatives, but no
-# | one has found a better term. The English language has more words and
-# | nuances than any other, but it lacks a simple, unambiguous, word that
-# | means [-“free”,-] {+“free,”+} as in
-# | freedom—“unfettered” being the word that comes closest
-# | in meaning. Such alternatives as [-“liberated”,
-# | “freedom”,-] {+“liberated,”
-# | “freedom,”+} and “open” have either the wrong
-# | meaning or some other disadvantage.
-#, fuzzy
-#| msgid ""
-#| "Because of the ambiguity of “free”, people have long looked "
-#| "for alternatives, but no one has found a better term. The English "
-#| "language has more words and nuances than any other, but it lacks a "
-#| "simple, unambiguous, word that means “free”, as in "
-#| "freedom—“unfettered” being the word that comes closest "
-#| "in meaning. Such alternatives as “liberated”, “"
-#| "freedom”, and “open” have either the wrong meaning or "
-#| "some other disadvantage."
-msgid ""
-"Because of the ambiguity of “free,” people have long looked for "
-"alternatives, but no one has found a better term. The English language has "
-"more words and nuances than any other, but it lacks a simple, unambiguous, "
-"word that means “free,” as in freedom—“"
-"unfettered” being the word that comes closest in meaning. Such "
-"alternatives as “liberated,” “freedom,” and “"
-"open” have either the wrong meaning or some other disadvantage."
-msgstr ""
-"Ùظرا٠ÙغÙ
Ùض Ù
عÙÙ ÙÙÙ
Ø© “اÙØرÙØ©”Ø
ÙØ¥ÙÙا Ùد بØØ«Ùا Ù
Ø·ÙÙا٠ع٠بدائ٠"
-"ÙÙØ§Ø Ø¥ï»» Ø£ÙÙا ÙÙ
Ùجد تعبÙرا٠آخر Ø£Ùثر Ù
Ùاسبة Ù
ÙÙا. إ٠اÙÙغة اﻻÙجÙÙزÙØ© تزخر "
-"باÙÙÙÙ
ات ذات اÙÙرÙ٠اÙØ´ÙÙÙØ© اÙبسÙطة Ø£Ùثر Ù
٠أ٠Ùغة أخرÙØ ÙÙÙÙÙا تÙتÙر ÙÙجÙد "
-"ÙÙÙ
Ø© بسÙطة ÙغÙر غاÙ
ضة تØÙ
Ù Ù
عÙÙ “Øر”
ÙÙ
ا Ù٠اÙØرÙØ© — "
-"“غÙر Ù
ÙÙد (unfettered)” Ù٠أÙثر ÙÙÙ
Ø© Ù
ÙائÙ
Ø© Ù٠اÙÙ
عÙÙ. اÙÙ
رادÙات "
-"اﻷخر٠Ù
Ø«Ù “Ù
ÙØÙرÙر (liberated)”Ø Ù“ Ù
ستÙÙ (freedom)”Ø "
-"Ù“Ù
ÙتÙØ (open)” جÙ
ÙعÙا تØÙ
Ù Ù
عÙÙÙ
خاطئاÙØ Ø£Ù ØªØ¹Ø§ÙÙ Ù
Ù ÙصÙر آخر ÙÙ "
-"اÙÙ
عÙÙ."
-
-#. type: Content of: <div><h3>
-msgid "GNU software and the GNU system"
-msgstr "برÙ
جÙات جÙÙ ÙÙظاÙ
تشغÙ٠جÙÙ"
-
-#. type: Content of: <div><p>
-msgid ""
-"Developing a whole system is a very large project. To bring it into reach, "
-"I decided to adapt and use existing pieces of free software wherever that "
-"was possible. For example, I decided at the very beginning to use TeX as "
-"the principal text formatter; a few years later, I decided to use the X "
-"Window System rather than writing another window system for GNU."
-msgstr ""
-"إ٠تطÙÙر ÙظاÙ
تشغÙÙ Ù
تÙاÙ
Ù ÙÙ Ù
شرÙع ضخÙ
ÙÙغاÙØ©. ÙØت٠ÙتÙ
ÙÙ Ù
٠اÙÙصÙÙ "
-"ÙغاÙتÙØ§Ø Ùررت أ٠أÙØ·ÙÙع ÙأستخدÙ
اÙبرÙ
جÙات
اÙØرة اÙÙ
تÙÙرة ÙÙÙ
ا Ø£Ù
ÙÙ Ø°ÙÙ. ÙÙ
ثا٠"
-"عÙÙ Ø°ÙÙØ Ùررت Ù
ÙØ° اÙبداÙØ© استخداÙ
تÙÙ (TeX)
ÙÙ
Ùس٠اÙÙصÙص اÙرئÙسÙ. بعد عدة "
-"سÙÙØ§ØªØ Ùررت استخداÙ
ÙظاÙ
عرض Ø¥Ùس (X Window System)
بدÙا٠ع٠Ùتابة ÙظاÙ
عرض "
-"جدÙد خصÙصا٠Ù
٠أج٠جÙÙ."
-
-#. type: Content of: <div><p>
-msgid ""
-"Because of these decisions, and others like them, the GNU system is not the "
-"same as the collection of all GNU software. The GNU system includes "
-"programs that are not GNU software, programs that were developed by other "
-"people and projects for their own purposes, but which we can use because "
-"they are free software."
-msgstr ""
-"بسبب Ùذ٠اÙÙØ±Ø§Ø±Ø§ØªØ ÙاÙÙØ«Ùر غÙرÙØ§Ø ÙØ¥Ù ÙظاÙ
جÙÙ Ù٠أÙثر Ù
Ù Ù
جرد تجÙ
Ùع "
-"ÙبرÙ
جÙات جÙÙ. Ø¥Ù ÙظاÙ
جÙÙ ÙØتÙ٠اÙعدÙد Ù
Ù
اÙبرÙ
جÙات اÙت٠ÙÙ
ÙتÙ
تطÙÙرÙا ÙÙ "
-"Ù
شرÙع جÙÙ. Ùذ٠اÙبرÙ
جÙات تÙ
تطÙÙرÙا Ù
Ù ÙبÙ
Ù
برÙ
جÙ٠آخرÙÙ ÙخدÙ
Ø© أغراضÙÙ
Ø "
-"ÙÙÙÙÙا تÙ
ÙÙا Ù
٠استخداÙ
Ùا ï»·ÙÙا برÙ
جÙات
Øرة."
-
-#. type: Content of: <div><h3>
-msgid "Commencing the project"
-msgstr "بداÙØ© إطÙا٠اÙÙ
شرÙع"
-
-#. type: Content of: <div><p>
-msgid ""
-"In January 1984 I quit my job at MIT and began writing GNU software. "
-"Leaving MIT was necessary so that MIT would not be able to interfere with "
-"distributing GNU as free software. If I had remained on the staff, MIT "
-"could have claimed to own the work, and could have imposed their own "
-"distribution terms, or even turned the work into a proprietary software "
-"package. I had no intention of doing a large amount of work only to see it "
-"become useless for its intended purpose: creating a new software-sharing "
-"community."
-msgstr ""
-"Ù٠اÙعاÙ
1984Ù
Ø ØºØ§Ø¯Ø±Øª ÙظÙÙت٠ÙÙ Ù
عÙد Ù
اساشÙستس ÙÙتÙÙÙÙÙجÙا Ùبدأت ÙÙ Ùتابة "
-"براÙ
ج جÙÙ. Ù
غادرت٠ÙÙÙ
عÙد ÙاÙت Ù
ÙÙ
Ø© Øت٠ﻻ
Ùتدخ٠اÙÙ
عÙد Ù٠تÙزÙع جÙÙ ÙبرÙ
جÙØ© "
-"Øرة. ÙÙ ÙÙت ظÙÙت Ù
ÙظÙا٠Ùد٠اÙÙ
عÙØ¯Ø Ùا٠ÙÙ
Ù٠أ٠Ùدع٠اÙÙ
عÙد اÙ
تÙاÙÙ ÙÙعÙ
ÙØ "
-"ÙÙ
Ù Ø«Ù
ÙÙÙÙ
اÙÙ
سئÙÙÙ٠بÙرض شرÙØ·ÙÙ
اÙخاصة
عÙ٠عÙ
ÙÙØ© اÙتÙزÙØ¹Ø Ø£Ù Ø±Ø¨Ù
ا ÙاÙ
Ùا "
-"بتØÙÙ٠اÙعÙ
Ù ÙØزÙ
Ø© براÙ
ج اØتÙارÙØ©. ÙÙ
ÙÙÙ
Ùد٠اﻻستعداد ببذ٠Ù
جÙÙد ÙبÙر ÙÙ "
-"Ùذا اÙعÙ
ÙØ ÙÙØ· ﻷرا٠تØÙÙ ÙعÙ
Ù ï»» ÙخدÙ
اÙغرض اﻷساس٠Ù
٠إÙشائÙØ ÙÙ٠إعادة بÙاء "
-"Ù
جتÙ
ع Ù
شار٠ÙÙبرÙ
جÙات."
-
-#. type: Content of: <div><p>
-msgid ""
-"However, Professor Winston, then the head of the MIT AI Lab, kindly invited "
-"me to keep using the lab's facilities."
-msgstr ""
-"ÙÙÙ٠برÙÙÙسÙر ÙÙستÙÙØ ÙاÙØ°Ù Ùا٠رئÙس Ù
ختبر اÙØ°Ùاء اﻻصطÙاع٠بÙ
عÙد Ù
اساشÙستس "
-"ÙÙتÙÙÙÙÙجÙا ÙÙ Ø°Ù٠اÙÙÙØªØ ÙاÙ
Ù
Ø´ÙÙراÙ
بدعÙت٠ÙÙ
ÙاصÙØ© استخداÙ
Ù
Ùارد اÙÙ
ختبر."
-
-#. type: Content of: <div><h3>
-msgid "The first steps"
-msgstr "اÙخطÙات اﻷÙÙÙ"
-
-#. type: Content of: <div><p>
-# | Shortly before beginning the GNU Project, I heard about the Free
-# | University Compiler Kit, also known as VUCK. (The Dutch word for
-# | “free” is written with a [-<em>v</em>.)-] {+<i>v</i>.)+} This
-# | was a compiler designed to handle multiple languages, including C and
-# | Pascal, and to support multiple target machines. I wrote to its author
-# | asking if GNU could use it.
-#, fuzzy
-#| msgid ""
-#| "Shortly before beginning the GNU Project, I heard about the Free "
-#| "University Compiler Kit, also known as VUCK. (The Dutch word for “"
-#| "free” is written with a <em>v</em>.) This was a compiler designed "
-#| "to handle multiple languages, including C and Pascal, and to support "
-#| "multiple target machines. I wrote to its author asking if GNU could use "
-#| "it."
-msgid ""
-"Shortly before beginning the GNU Project, I heard about the Free University "
-"Compiler Kit, also known as VUCK. (The Dutch word for “free” is "
-"written with a <i>v</i>.) This was a compiler designed to handle multiple "
-"languages, including C and Pascal, and to support multiple target machines. "
-"I wrote to its author asking if GNU could use it."
-msgstr ""
-"ÙÙت Ùد سÙ
عت ع٠Ù
جÙ
Ùعة Ù
ترجÙ
ات اÙجاÙ
عة
اÙØرة (Free University Compiler Kit)Ø "
-"اÙÙ
عرÙÙØ© باÙاسÙ
اÙÙ
ختصر VUCKØ Ùب٠Ùترة
ÙصÙرة Ù
٠بدئ٠اÙعÙ
٠عÙÙ Ù
شرÙع جÙÙ. "
-"(ÙÙÙ
Ø© “Øرة” Ù٠اﻷÙÙ
اÙÙØ© تبدأ بØرÙ
<em>v</em>. Ùذا اÙبرÙاÙ
ج Ùا٠"
-"عبارة ع٠برÙاÙ
ج Ù
ترجÙ
تÙ
تصÙ
ÙÙ
Ù ÙترجÙ
ة عدة
Ùغات Ù
ختÙÙØ©Ø Ù
٠ضÙ
ÙÙا Ùغة س٠(C) "
-"ÙباسÙا٠(Pascal)Ø ÙÙ
ا Ø£ÙÙ Ùا٠ÙستÙد٠عدة أجÙزة
Ù
ختÙÙØ©. عÙÙÙ ÙÙد ÙÙ
ت باÙتÙاص٠"
-"Ù
ع صاØب اÙبرÙاÙ
ج ﻷسأÙ٠إ٠Ùا٠بإÙ
Ùا٠Ù
شرÙع جÙ٠أ٠ÙستÙÙد Ù
٠عÙ
ÙÙ."
-
-#. type: Content of: <div><p>
-msgid ""
-"He responded derisively, stating that the university was free but the "
-"compiler was not. I therefore decided that my first program for the GNU "
-"Project would be a multilanguage, multiplatform compiler."
-msgstr ""
-"Ùا٠رد اÙÙ
برÙ
ج عÙ٠ساخراÙØ Ø¨ÙÙÙ٠أ٠ÙÙÙ
اÙجاÙ
عة Øرة ï»» ÙعÙ٠بضرÙرة اÙØا٠أ٠"
-"اÙÙ
ترجÙ
Ù
جاÙÙ. Ùا٠Ùذا Ù
ا دÙعÙ٠ﻷ٠أÙرر Ø£Ù
Ø£Ù٠برÙاÙ
ج ÙÙ Ù
شرÙع جÙ٠سÙÙÙÙ "
-"Ù
ترجÙ
ا٠Ù
تعدد اÙÙغات ÙاﻷÙداÙ."
-
-#. type: Content of: <div><p>
-msgid ""
-"Hoping to avoid the need to write the whole compiler myself, I obtained the "
-"source code for the Pastel compiler, which was a multiplatform compiler "
-"developed at Lawrence Livermore Lab. It supported, and was written in, an "
-"extended version of Pascal, designed to be a system-programming language. I "
-"added a C front end, and began porting it to the Motorola 68000 computer. "
-"But I had to give that up when I discovered that the compiler needed many "
-"megabytes of stack space, and the available 68000 Unix system would only "
-"allow 64k."
-msgstr ""
-"ÙÙت أتÙ
Ù٠أﻻ أضطر ÙÙتابة اÙبرÙاÙ
ج ÙاÙ
ÙاÙ
بÙÙسÙØ ÙÙØ°Ù٠تØصÙÙت عÙÙ Ø´Ùرة اÙÙ
صدر "
-"ÙÙ
ترجÙ
باسÙا٠(Pascal)Ø ØÙØ« Ùا٠Ù
ترجÙ
ا٠Ù
تعدد
اÙÙÙاعد (multiplatform)Ø ØªÙ
"
-"تطÙÙر٠ÙÙ Ù
ختبر ÙÙرÙس ÙÙرÙ
Ùر. Ùا٠اÙÙ
ترجÙ
ÙدعÙ
Ùسخة Ù
Ù
تدة Ù
٠باسÙاÙØ ÙÙÙ ÙÙس "
-"اÙÙغة اÙت٠تÙ
ت Ùتابة اÙبرÙاÙ
ج ÙÙس٠بÙاØ
ÙÙا٠اÙغرض Ù
ÙÙا أ٠تÙÙÙ Ùغة برÙ
جة "
-"ï»·ÙظÙ
Ø© اÙتشغÙÙ. ÙÙ
ت بإضاÙØ© ÙاجÙØ© Ø£Ù
اÙ
ÙØ©
ÙÙغة س٠(C)Ø Ø¨Ø¹Ø¯Ùا بدأت بترÙÙØ© "
-"اÙÙ
ترجÙ
ÙÙعÙ
٠عÙÙ ØاسÙب Ù
ÙتÙرÙÙا 68000. ÙÙ
اÙÙÙاÙØ© اضطررت ﻷ٠أÙغ٠اÙÙÙرة "
-"بÙاÙ
ÙÙا ØÙÙÙ
ا اÙتشÙت أ٠اÙÙ
ترجÙ
Ùا٠ÙØتاج
Ùعدة Ù
ÙجاباÙتات Ù
Ù Ù
ساØØ© اÙÙ
ÙراÙÙÙ
"
-"(stack space)Ø Ø¨ÙÙÙ
ا Ùا٠ÙظاÙ
ÙÙÙÙس اÙÙ
تÙÙر عÙÙ
ØاسÙب 68000 ÙسÙ
Ø Ø¨Ù64 "
-"ÙÙÙÙباÙت ÙØد٠أÙص٠ÙÙ
ساØØ© اÙÙ
ÙراÙÙÙ
."
-
-#. type: Content of: <div><p>
-# | I then realized that the Pastel compiler functioned by parsing the entire
-# | input file into a syntax tree, converting the whole syntax tree into a
-# | chain of [-“instructions”,-] {+“instructions,”+}
-# | and then generating the whole output file, without ever freeing any
-# | storage. At this point, I concluded I would have to write a new compiler
-# | from scratch. That new compiler is now known as <abbr title=\"GNU
-# | Compiler Collection\">GCC</abbr>; none of the Pastel compiler is used in
-# | it, but I managed to adapt and use the C front end that I had written.
-# | But that was some years later; first, I worked on GNU Emacs.
-#, fuzzy
-#| msgid ""
-#| "I then realized that the Pastel compiler functioned by parsing the entire "
-#| "input file into a syntax tree, converting the whole syntax tree into a "
-#| "chain of “instructions”, and then generating the whole output "
-#| "file, without ever freeing any storage. At this point, I concluded I "
-#| "would have to write a new compiler from scratch. That new compiler is "
-#| "now known as <abbr title=\"GNU Compiler Collection\">GCC</abbr>; none of "
-#| "the Pastel compiler is used in it, but I managed to adapt and use the C "
-#| "front end that I had written. But that was some years later; first, I "
-#| "worked on GNU Emacs."
-msgid ""
-"I then realized that the Pastel compiler functioned by parsing the entire "
-"input file into a syntax tree, converting the whole syntax tree into a chain "
-"of “instructions,” and then generating the whole output file, "
-"without ever freeing any storage. At this point, I concluded I would have "
-"to write a new compiler from scratch. That new compiler is now known as "
-"<abbr title=\"GNU Compiler Collection\">GCC</abbr>; none of the Pastel "
-"compiler is used in it, but I managed to adapt and use the C front end that "
-"I had written. But that was some years later; first, I worked on GNU Emacs."
-msgstr ""
-"Ùا٠Ùذا ØÙÙÙ
ا أدرÙت Ø£Ù Ù
ترجÙ
باسÙا٠ÙاÙ
ÙÙÙÙ
بتØÙÙ٠اÙÙ
Ù٠اÙÙ
دخ٠بÙاÙ
ÙÙØ Ù
Ù "
-"Ø«Ù
ÙÙÙÙ
بإÙشاء شجرÙØ© تعتÙ
د عÙ٠اÙبÙÙØ©
اÙترÙÙبÙØ© ÙÙÙ
Ù٠اÙÙ
دخÙØ Ù
Ù Ø«Ù
ÙÙÙÙ
"
-"بتØÙÙ٠اÙشجرÙØ© ÙسÙسÙØ© Ù
Ù “اﻷÙاÙ
ر”Ø
ÙأخÙرا٠ÙÙÙÙ
بتÙÙÙد Ù
ÙÙ "
-"اÙÙ
Ø®Ø±Ø¬Ø§ØªØ ÙÙ Ø°Ù٠بدÙ٠أ٠ÙÙÙÙ
بتØرÙر اÙÙ
ساØØ© اÙتخزÙÙÙØ© اÙÙ
شغÙÙØ© سابÙاÙ. عÙدÙ
ا "
-"ÙصÙت ÙÙذ٠اÙÙÙØ·Ø©Ø Ø£Ø¯Ø±Ùت Ø£ÙÙ٠سأضطر ÙÙتابة
Ù
ترجÙ
جدÙد Ù
٠اÙبداÙØ©Ø ÙاÙØ°Ù Ø£ØµØ¨Ø "
-"Ùعر٠ÙÙÙ
ا بعد باسÙ
ج٠س٠س٠(<abbr title=\"GNU Compiler
Collection\">GCC</"
-"abbr>). ÙÙ
Ø£ÙÙ
باستخداÙ
Ø£Ù Ø´Ùرة Ù
Ù Ù
ترجÙ
باسÙا٠اﻷصÙÙØ ÙÙÙÙ٠استÙدت Ù
Ù "
-"اÙÙاجÙØ© اﻷÙ
اÙ
ÙØ© ÙÙغة س٠(C) اÙت٠ÙÙ
ت
بÙتابتÙا Ù
Ù ÙبÙ. ÙÙ Ùذا Øدث بعد عدة "
-"سÙÙØ§ØªØ Ø¥Ø° Ø£ÙÙ٠بدأت Ø£ÙÙا٠بÙتابة برÙاÙ
ج
جÙ٠إÙÙ
اÙس (GNU Emacs)."
-
-#. type: Content of: <div><h3>
-msgid "GNU Emacs"
-msgstr "برÙاÙ
ج جÙ٠إÙÙ
اÙس (GNU Emacs)"
-
-#. type: Content of: <div><p>
-msgid ""
-"I began work on GNU Emacs in September 1984, and in early 1985 it was "
-"beginning to be usable. This enabled me to begin using Unix systems to do "
-"editing; having no interest in learning to use vi or ed, I had done my "
-"editing on other kinds of machines until then."
-msgstr ""
-"بدأت اÙعÙ
٠عÙ٠برÙاÙ
ج جÙ٠إÙÙ
اÙس Ù٠سبتÙ
بر
1984Ù
Ø ÙبÙ
Ø·Ùع عاÙ
1985Ù
Ùا٠Ùد "
-"تØÙÙ ÙبرÙاÙ
ج صاÙØ ÙÙاستعÙ
اÙ. Ùا٠Ùذا Ù
ÙÙ
اÙ
ﻷ٠اÙبرÙاÙ
ج ساعدÙ٠ﻷتÙ
ÙÙ Ù
Ù "
-"استخداÙ
Ø£ÙظÙ
Ø© تشغÙÙ ÙÙÙÙس ï»·ÙÙÙ
بتØرÙر اÙÙ
ÙÙØ§ØªØ Ø¥Ø° Ø£ÙÙÙ ÙÙ
Ø£Ù٠راغبا٠Ù٠تعÙÙ
"
-"ÙÙÙÙØ© استخداÙ
برÙاÙ
ج Ù٠آ٠(vi) أ٠إÙد (ed)Ø
ÙÙØ°ÙÙ ÙÙت Ø£ÙÙÙ
بتØرÙر Ù
ÙÙات٠"
-"عÙ٠أÙظÙ
Ø© أخر٠Øت٠اÙتÙÙت Ù
Ù Ùتابة Ø¥ÙÙ
اÙس."
-
-#. type: Content of: <div><p>
-msgid ""
-"At this point, people began wanting to use GNU Emacs, which raised the "
-"question of how to distribute it. Of course, I put it on the anonymous ftp "
-"server on the MIT computer that I used. (This computer, prep.ai.mit.edu, "
-"thus became the principal GNU ftp distribution site; when it was "
-"decommissioned a few years later, we transferred the name to our new ftp "
-"server.) But at that time, many of the interested people were not on the "
-"Internet and could not get a copy by ftp. So the question was, what would I "
-"say to them?"
-msgstr ""
-"ÙÙ Ùذا اÙÙÙØªØ Ùا٠برÙاÙ
ج جÙ٠إÙÙ
اÙس Ùد بدأ
باجتذاب اﻷÙØ¸Ø§Ø±Ø Ùأبد٠اÙعدÙدÙÙ "
-"رغبتÙÙ
Ù٠استخداÙ
ÙØ Ù
Ù
ا برز Ù
ع٠اÙسؤاÙ:
ÙÙ٠سأÙÙÙ
بتÙزÙع اÙبرÙاÙ
Ø¬Ø Ø¨Ø·Ø¨Ùعة "
-"اÙØاÙØ ÙÙ
ت بÙضع اÙبرÙاÙ
ج عÙ٠اÙÙ
خدÙ
اÙÙ
جÙÙÙ Ù
ستخدÙ
ا٠برÙتÙÙÙÙ ÙÙ٠اÙÙ
ÙÙات (Ø¥Ù "
-"ت٠ب٠أ٠ftp)Ø Ø¹Ù٠جÙاز اÙØاسÙب اÙØ°Ù ÙÙت
أستخدÙ
٠بÙ
عÙد Ù
اساشÙستس "
-"ÙÙتÙÙÙÙÙجÙا. (Ùذا اÙØاسÙØ¨Ø ÙعÙÙاÙÙ
prep.ai.mit.eduØ Ø£ØµØ¨Ø Ø£ÙÙ Ù
خدÙ
إ٠ت٠ب٠"
-"ÙستخدÙ
Ù ÙتÙزÙع ÙظاÙ
جÙÙ. استÙ
ر Ùذا Øت٠تÙ
Ø¥ÙÙا٠اÙجÙاز ع٠اÙخدÙ
Ø© بعدÙا "
-"بسÙÙØ§ØªØ ØÙÙÙ
ا ÙÙ
Ùا بتØÙÙ٠اﻻسÙ
ÙÙ
خدÙ
Ø¥Ù
ت٠ب٠آخر). اÙÙ
Ø´ÙÙØ© ÙاÙت Ø£ÙÙ ÙÙ Ø°ÙÙ "
-"اÙÙÙØªØ ÙÙ
ÙÙ٠أغÙب اÙÙ
ÙتÙ
Ù٠باÙÙ
شرÙع Ù
تصÙÙ٠بشبÙØ© اﻻÙترÙØªØ ÙباÙتاÙÙ ÙÙ
"
-"ÙÙÙÙÙا ÙادرÙ٠عÙ٠اÙتØص٠عÙÙ Ùسخة Ù
٠جÙÙ
عبر برÙتÙÙÙÙ ÙÙ٠اÙÙ
ÙÙات. Ù
Ù ÙÙا "
-"برز اÙسؤا٠اÙثاÙÙ: Ù
ا اÙØ٠اÙذ٠سأخبر Ùؤﻻء
اﻷشخاص بÙØ"
-
-#. type: Content of: <div><p>
-msgid ""
-"I could have said, “Find a friend who is on the net and who will make "
-"a copy for you.” Or I could have done what I did with the original "
-"PDP-10 Emacs: tell them, “Mail me a tape and a <abbr title=\"Self-"
-"addressed Stamped Envelope\">SASE</abbr>, and I will mail it back with Emacs "
-"on it.” But I had no job, and I was looking for ways to make money "
-"from free software. So I announced that I would mail a tape to whoever "
-"wanted one, for a fee of $150. In this way, I started a free software "
-"distribution business, the precursor of the companies that today distribute "
-"entire GNU/Linux system distributions."
-msgstr ""
-"Ùا٠ÙÙ
ÙÙÙ٠أ٠أÙÙÙ ÙÙÙ
: “اعثرÙا عÙ٠صدÙÙ
ÙدÙ٠اتصا٠بشبÙØ© اﻻÙترÙØªØ "
-"ÙسÙÙÙÙ
Ù٠بعÙ
Ù Ùسخة ÙÙÙ
.” Ø£Ù Ùا٠ÙÙ
ÙÙÙÙ
أ٠أÙع٠Ù
ا ÙعÙت٠ببرÙاÙ
ج "
-"Ø¥ÙÙ
اÙس اﻷصÙ٠عÙ٠جÙاز دÙجÙتا٠PDP-10: أ٠أÙÙÙ
ÙÙÙ
“أرسÙÙا Ø¥Ù٠شرائطÙÙ
Ø "
-"ÙÙ
ظارÙÙا٠برÙدÙØ© Ù
عÙÙÙØ© Ø¥Ù٠أÙÙسÙÙ
<abbr
title=\"Self-addressed Stamped "
-"Envelope\">SASE</abbr>Ø ÙسأÙÙÙ
بإعادتÙا ÙÙÙ
برÙدÙاÙ
ÙعÙÙÙا برÙاÙ
ج "
-"Ø¥ÙÙ
اÙس”. اÙÙ
Ø´ÙÙØ© Ø£ÙÙÙ ÙÙ
ÙÙÙ Ùد٠ÙظÙÙØ©Ø
ÙÙÙت أبØØ« ع٠طر٠ÙجÙ٠اÙÙ
ا٠"
-"باستخداÙ
اÙبرÙ
جÙات اÙØرة. عÙدÙا أعÙÙت
Ø£ÙÙ٠سأÙÙÙ
بإرسا٠شرÙØ· عبر اÙبرÙد ÙÙÙ "
-"Ù
Ù Ùرغب بذÙÙØ ÙÙاء رسÙ
Ù
اÙÙ ÙبÙغ 150 دÙÙار.
بÙذ٠اÙطرÙÙØ©Ø ØªÙ
ÙÙت Ù
٠بدء Ù
شرÙع "
-"عÙ
Ù ÙتÙزÙع اÙبرÙ
جÙات اÙØØ±Ø©Ø ÙÙ٠اÙÙ
شرÙع
اÙØ°Ù Ùبعت Ù
Ù٠اÙشرÙات اÙØدÙثة اÙت٠"
-"تÙÙÙ
بتÙزÙع إصدارات جÙÙ/ÙÙÙÙس اÙÙ
تعددة."
-
-#. type: Content of: <div><h3>
-msgid "Is a program free for every user?"
-msgstr "Ù
ت٠ÙÙÙ٠جÙ
Ùع Ù
ستخدÙ
٠برÙاÙ
ج Ù
عÙÙ
Ø£ØراراÙØ"
-
-#. type: Content of: <div><p>
-msgid ""
-"If a program is free software when it leaves the hands of its author, this "
-"does not necessarily mean it will be free software for everyone who has a "
-"copy of it. For example, <a href=\"/philosophy/categories."
-"html#PublicDomainSoftware\"> public domain software</a> (software that is "
-"not copyrighted) is free software; but anyone can make a proprietary "
-"modified version of it. Likewise, many free programs are copyrighted but "
-"distributed under simple permissive licenses which allow proprietary "
-"modified versions."
-msgstr ""
-"ØÙÙÙØ© أ٠برÙاÙ
جا٠Ù
ا Ùصدر٠صاØب٠ÙبرÙ
جÙØ©
Øرة ï»» تعÙ٠باÙضرÙرة Ø£Ù٠سÙظ٠برÙ
جÙØ© "
-"Øرة باÙÙسبة ÙجÙ
Ùع اÙÙ
ستخدÙ
Ù٠اÙØ°ÙÙ ÙÙ
ÙÙÙÙ
Ùسخة Ù
٠اÙبرÙاÙ
ج. عÙ٠سبÙ٠اÙÙ
ثاÙØ "
-"ÙØ¥Ù <a href=\"/philosophy/categories.html#PublicDomainSoftware\">برÙ
جÙات "
-"اÙÙ
شاع اÙعاÙ
</a> (اÙبرÙ
جÙات اÙت٠ÙÙس عÙÙÙا
ØÙÙÙ Ù
ÙÙÙØ©) تعتبر برÙ
جÙات٠ØØ±Ø©Ø "
-"غÙر Ø£Ù٠بإÙ
Ùا٠أ٠شخص تطÙÙر Ùسخة اØتÙارÙØ© Ù
عدÙØ© Ù
ÙÙا. باÙÙ
Ø«ÙØ Ùإ٠اÙعدÙد Ù
Ù "
-"اÙبرÙ
جÙات اÙØرة عÙÙÙا ØÙÙÙ Ù
ÙÙÙØ©Ø ØºÙر
Ø£ÙÙا ÙتÙ
تÙزÙعÙا تØت رخص بسÙطة "
-"ÙÙ
تساÙÙØ©Ø Ù
Ù
ا ÙسÙ
Ø ÙÙبعض بتطÙÙر Ùسخ
اØتÙارÙØ© Ù
عدÙØ© Ù
٠اÙبرÙ
جÙات اÙÙ
عÙÙØ©."
-
-#. type: Content of: <div><p>
-msgid ""
-"The paradigmatic example of this problem is the X Window System. Developed "
-"at MIT, and released as free software with a permissive license, it was soon "
-"adopted by various computer companies. They added X to their proprietary "
-"Unix systems, in binary form only, and covered by the same nondisclosure "
-"agreement. These copies of X were no more free software than Unix was."
-msgstr ""
-"اÙÙ
ثا٠اÙÙÙ
Ùذج٠ÙÙذ٠اÙÙ
Ø´ÙÙØ© ÙÙ ÙظاÙ
عرض
Ø¥Ùس (X Window System). Ùذا اÙÙظاÙ
"
-"تÙ
تطÙÙر٠ÙÙ Ù
عÙد Ù
اساشÙستس ÙÙتÙÙÙÙÙجÙØ§Ø Ù
Ù Ø«Ù
تÙ
إصدار٠ÙبرÙ
جÙØ© Øرة تØت "
-"رخصة Ù
تساÙÙØ©. ÙÙ
ÙÙ
ض اÙÙØ«Ùر Ù
٠اÙÙÙت ØتÙ
ÙاÙ
ت شرÙات اÙØÙسبة اÙÙ
ختÙÙØ© "
-"باستخداÙ
اÙÙظاÙ
Ø ØÙØ« ÙاÙ
Ùا بإضاÙØ© ÙظاÙ
عرض Ø¥Ùس ÙØ£ÙظÙ
Ø© ÙÙÙÙس اÙاØتÙارÙØ© "
-"اÙخاصة بÙÙ
Ø ÙتÙ
Ø°ÙÙ Ù٠اÙصÙرة اÙØ«ÙائÙØ© ÙÙØ·
(أ٠بدÙ٠تÙÙÙر Ø´Ùرة اÙÙ
صدر)Ø "
-"ÙاستÙ
ر استخداÙ
اتÙاÙÙات عدÙ
Ø¥Ùشاء اﻷسرار
ÙتغطÙØ© ÙظاÙ
عرض Ø¥Ùس. Ùذ٠اÙÙسخ Ù
Ù "
-"ÙظاÙ
عرض Ø¥Ùس ÙÙ
تÙÙ ØØ±Ø©Ø Ù
Ø«ÙÙا Ù
ث٠أÙظÙ
Ø©
ÙÙÙÙس اÙت٠ÙاÙت تدعÙ
Ùا."
-
-#. type: Content of: <div><p>
-# | The developers of the X Window System did not consider this a
-# | problem—they expected and intended this to happen. Their goal was
-# | not freedom, just [-“success”,-] {+“success,”+}
-# | defined as “having many users.” They did not care whether
-# | these users had freedom, only that they should be numerous.
-#, fuzzy
-#| msgid ""
-#| "The developers of the X Window System did not consider this a "
-#| "problem—they expected and intended this to happen. Their goal was "
-#| "not freedom, just “success”, defined as “having many "
-#| "users.” They did not care whether these users had freedom, only "
-#| "that they should be numerous."
-msgid ""
-"The developers of the X Window System did not consider this a problem—"
-"they expected and intended this to happen. Their goal was not freedom, just "
-"“success,” defined as “having many users.” They did "
-"not care whether these users had freedom, only that they should be numerous."
-msgstr ""
-"Ù
Ø·Ùر٠ÙظاÙ
عرض Ø¥Ùس ÙÙ
ÙعتبرÙا ÙØ°Ù Ù
Ø´ÙÙØ©—ÙÙد ÙاÙÙا ÙتÙÙعÙÙ ÙØ°Ø§Ø Ø¨Ù "
-"ÙÙسعÙ٠إÙÙÙ. ÙÙ
ÙÙ٠غرضÙÙ
اÙØرÙØ©Ø Ø¨Ù ÙÙØ·
“اÙÙØ¬Ø§Ø”Ø ÙÙا٠تعرÙÙÙÙ
"
-"ÙÙÙØ¬Ø§Ø ÙÙ “اÙØصÙ٠عÙ٠أÙبر عدد Ù
٠اÙÙ
ستخدÙ
ÙÙ”. ÙÙ
ÙÙÙÙÙا Ù
ÙتÙ
ÙÙ "
-"بØرÙØ© Ù
ستخدÙ
ÙÙÙ
Ø Ø¨Ùدر Ù
ا ÙاÙÙا Ù
ÙتÙ
ÙÙ
بعددÙÙ
."
-
-#. type: Content of: <div><p>
-msgid ""
-"This led to a paradoxical situation where two different ways of counting the "
-"amount of freedom gave different answers to the question, “Is this "
-"program free?” If you judged based on the freedom provided by the "
-"distribution terms of the MIT release, you would say that X was free "
-"software. But if you measured the freedom of the average user of X, you "
-"would have to say it was proprietary software. Most X users were running "
-"the proprietary versions that came with Unix systems, not the free version."
-msgstr ""
-"Ùذا أد٠إÙÙ ØاÙØ© Ù
٠اÙتÙاÙØ¶Ø ØÙØ« Ø£Ù ÙجÙد
طرÙÙتÙÙ ÙØساب Ùسبة اÙØرÙØ© أد٠ÙÙجÙد "
-"إجابات Ù
ختÙÙØ© ÙÙسؤاÙ: “ÙÙ Ùذ٠اÙبرÙ
جÙØ©
Øرةؔ إذا ÙÙ
ت باÙØÙÙ
"
-"استÙادا٠عÙ٠اÙØرÙØ© اÙت٠تÙÙÙÙا اتÙاÙÙØ©
تÙزÙع Ù
عÙد Ù
اساشÙستس ÙÙتÙÙÙÙÙجÙØ§Ø "
-"ÙÙ
ÙÙ٠أ٠تÙÙ٠عÙدÙا Ø£Ù ÙظاÙ
تÙزÙع Ø¥Ùس ÙاÙ
برÙ
جÙØ© Øرة. Ø£Ù
ا ÙÙ ÙÙ
ت بØساب Ù
تÙسط "
-"اÙØرÙØ© ÙÙ
ستخدÙ
ÙظاÙ
عرض Ø¥ÙØ³Ø Ø¹ÙدÙا ستضطر
ÙÙÙÙ٠بأ٠إÙس Ùا٠برÙ
جÙØ© اØتÙارÙØ©. "
-"أغÙب اÙÙ
ستخدÙ
ÙÙ ÙÙ Ø°Ù٠اÙÙÙت ÙاÙÙا ÙستخدÙ
Ù٠اÙÙسخ اﻻØتÙارÙØ© اÙت٠جاءت Ù
ع "
-"Ø£ÙظÙ
Ø© ÙÙÙÙØ³Ø ï»» اÙÙسخة اÙØرة Ù
Ù ÙظاÙ
اÙعرض
Ø¥Ùس."
-
-#. type: Content of: <div><h3>
-msgid "Copyleft and the GNU GPL"
-msgstr "اÙØÙÙ٠اÙÙ
ترÙÙØ© ÙاتÙاÙÙØ© جÙ٠اÙعاÙ
Ø©"
-
-#. type: Content of: <div><p>
-# | The goal of GNU was to give users freedom, not just to be popular. So we
-# | needed to use distribution terms that would prevent GNU software from
-# | being turned into proprietary software. The method we use is called
-# | [-“copyleft”.(1)-] {+“copyleft” <a
-# | href=\"#ft3\">[3]</a>.+}
-#, fuzzy
-#| msgid ""
-#| "The goal of GNU was to give users freedom, not just to be popular. So we "
-#| "needed to use distribution terms that would prevent GNU software from "
-#| "being turned into proprietary software. The method we use is called "
-#| "“copyleft”.(1)"
-msgid ""
-"The goal of GNU was to give users freedom, not just to be popular. So we "
-"needed to use distribution terms that would prevent GNU software from being "
-"turned into proprietary software. The method we use is called “"
-"copyleft” <a href=\"#ft3\">[3]</a>."
-msgstr ""
-"ÙÙ
ÙÙ٠اÙÙد٠Ù
Ù Ùراء Ù
شرÙع جÙ٠تØصÙÙ
اÙØ´ÙØ±Ø©Ø ÙØ¥ÙÙ
ا Ùا٠إعطاء اÙÙ
ستخدÙ
ÙÙ ÙاÙ
Ù "
-"ØرÙتÙÙ
. Ù
Ù Ø«Ù
Ùا٠ÙزاÙ
ا٠عÙÙÙا Ø£Ù ÙستخدÙ
شرÙØ· تÙزÙع Ù
٠شأÙÙا أ٠تÙ
Ùع تØÙÙÙ "
-"براÙ
ج جÙÙ ÙبراÙ
ج اØتÙارÙØ©. اÙطرÙÙØ© اÙتÙ
استخدÙ
ÙاÙا أصبØت تعر٠باسÙ
“"
-"اÙØÙÙ٠اÙÙ
ترÙÙØ©”.(1)"
-
-#. type: Content of: <div><p>
-msgid ""
-"Copyleft uses copyright law, but flips it over to serve the opposite of its "
-"usual purpose: instead of a means for restricting a program, it becomes a "
-"means for keeping the program free."
-msgstr ""
-"طرÙÙØ© اÙØÙÙ٠اÙÙ
ترÙÙØ© تستخدÙ
ÙÙاÙÙÙ ØÙÙÙ
اÙÙ
ÙÙÙØ©Ø ÙÙÙÙÙا تÙÙبÙا رأسا٠عÙÙ "
-"عÙØ¨Ø ÙتخدÙ
اÙغرض اÙÙ
عاÙس ÙÙغرض اÙعادÙ:
بدÙا٠ع٠استخداÙ
ØÙÙ٠اÙÙ
ÙÙÙØ© ÙتÙÙÙد "
-"برÙاÙ
ج Ù
Ø§Ø ØªØµØ¨Ø Ø§ÙØÙÙÙ ÙسÙÙØ© Ùجع٠اÙبرÙاÙ
ج ØراÙ."
-
-#. type: Content of: <div><p>
-msgid ""
-"The central idea of copyleft is that we give everyone permission to run the "
-"program, copy the program, modify the program, and distribute modified "
-"versions—but not permission to add restrictions of their own. Thus, "
-"the crucial freedoms that define “free software” are guaranteed "
-"to everyone who has a copy; they become inalienable rights."
-msgstr ""
-"اÙÙÙرة اﻷساسÙØ© Ù
Ù Ùراء اÙØÙÙ٠اÙÙ
ترÙÙØ© ÙÙ
إعطاء اÙجÙ
Ùع رخصة ÙتشغÙ٠اÙبرÙاÙ
Ø¬Ø "
-"Ùسخ اÙبرÙاÙ
Ø¬Ø ØªØ¹Ø¯Ù٠اÙبرÙاÙ
Ø¬Ø ÙÙشر اÙÙسخ
اÙÙ
عدÙØ©—إﻻ Ø£ÙÙ Ù
٠غÙر اÙÙ
سÙ
ÙØ "
-"إضاÙØ© ÙÙÙد جدÙدة عÙ٠اÙبرÙاÙ
ج. باÙتاÙÙØ
Ùإ٠اÙØرÙات اﻷساسÙØ© اÙت٠ÙتÙ
تعرÙÙ "
-"“اÙبرÙ
جÙات اÙØرة” عبرÙØ§Ø ØªØ¹ØªØ¨Ø± ØÙاÙ
Ù
ضÙ
ÙÙا٠ÙÙÙ Ùرد ÙÙ
تÙÙ Ùسخة٠Ù
Ù "
-"اÙبرÙاÙ
Ø¬Ø ÙÙÙ ØÙÙ٠دائÙ
Ø© ÙغÙر ÙابÙØ© ÙÙÙ
صادرة أ٠اÙتØÙÙÙ."
-
-#. type: Content of: <div><p>
-msgid ""
-"For an effective copyleft, modified versions must also be free. This "
-"ensures that work based on ours becomes available to our community if it is "
-"published. When programmers who have jobs as programmers volunteer to "
-"improve GNU software, it is copyleft that prevents their employers from "
-"saying, “You can't share those changes, because we are going to use "
-"them to make our proprietary version of the program.”"
-msgstr ""
-"Øت٠تÙØ¬Ø ÙÙرة اÙØÙÙ٠اÙÙ
ترÙÙØ©Ø Ùجب أ٠تÙÙÙ
اÙÙسخ اÙÙ
عدÙØ© Ù
٠برÙاÙ
ج Ù
ا Øرة "
-"Ø£ÙضاÙ. Ùذ٠اÙخطÙØ© تضÙ
٠أ٠أ٠عÙ
Ù ÙتÙ
تطÙÙرÙ
بÙاء٠عÙ٠عÙ
ÙÙا سÙÙÙÙ Ù
تÙÙرا٠"
-"ÙÙ
جتÙ
عÙا Øا٠ÙشرÙ. ØÙÙÙ
ا ÙÙÙÙ
اÙÙ
برÙ
جÙÙ
اÙÙØ°ÙÙ ÙشغÙÙÙ Ùظائ٠برÙ
جة Ù٠شرÙاتÙÙ
"
-"باÙتطÙع ÙتطÙÙر ÙتØسÙ٠برÙ
جÙات جÙÙØ ÙØ¥Ù
اÙØÙÙ٠اÙÙ
ترÙÙØ© ÙÙ Ù
ا ÙÙ
Ùع شرÙاتÙÙ
Ù
Ù "
-"اÙÙÙÙ: “ÙÙ
Ùع عÙÙÙÙ
Ù
شارÙØ© Ùذ٠اÙتØسÙÙات
اÙبرÙ
جÙØ©Ø ï»·ÙÙا سÙÙÙÙ
"
-"باستخداÙ
Ùا ÙتطÙÙر ÙسختÙا اﻻØتÙارÙØ© Ù
Ù
اÙبرÙاÙ
ج.”"
-
-#. type: Content of: <div><p>
-msgid ""
-"The requirement that changes must be free is essential if we want to ensure "
-"freedom for every user of the program. The companies that privatized the X "
-"Window System usually made some changes to port it to their systems and "
-"hardware. These changes were small compared with the great extent of X, but "
-"they were not trivial. If making changes were an excuse to deny the users "
-"freedom, it would be easy for anyone to take advantage of the excuse."
-msgstr ""
-"Øت٠ÙضÙ
Ù ØرÙØ© ÙÙ Ùرد ÙستخدÙ
برÙاÙ
جا٠Ù
اØ
Ùا بد Ù
٠اÙتأÙÙد عÙ٠أ٠أ٠تعدÙ٠عÙÙ "
-"اÙبرÙاÙ
ج اÙØر Ùجب Ø£Ù ÙÙÙÙ Øرا٠أÙضاÙ. Ø¥Ù
اÙشرÙات اÙت٠ÙاÙ
ت بخصخصة ÙظاÙ
عرض Ø¥Ùس "
-"غاÙبا٠Ù
ا ÙاÙت تÙÙÙ
بإجراء بعض اÙتعدÙÙات
Øت٠تتÙ
ÙÙ Ù
٠ترÙÙØ© اÙبرÙاÙ
ج ÙÙتÙاÙÙ "
-"Ù
ع Ø£ÙظÙ
تÙÙ
ÙÙ
عداتÙÙ
. ÙرغÙ
Ø£Ù Ùذ٠اÙتعدÙÙات
ÙاÙت صغÙرة باÙÙ
ÙارÙØ© Ù
ع ØجÙ
"
-"ÙضخاÙ
Ø© ÙظاÙ
عرض Ø¥ÙØ³Ø Ø¥ï»» Ø£ÙÙا ÙÙ
تÙÙ
تغÙÙرات تاÙÙØ©. إذا Ùا٠إجراء اÙتغÙÙرات "
-"عذرا٠ÙاÙÙا٠ÙØرÙ
ا٠اÙÙ
ستخدÙ
ÙÙ Ù
Ù ØرÙاتÙÙ
Ø Ø¹ÙدÙا ÙØµØ¨Ø Ù
٠اÙسÙ٠عÙÙ ÙائÙÙ Ù
Ù Ùا٠"
-"Ø£Ù Ùستغ٠Ùذا اÙعذر ÙÙ
صÙØت٠اÙشخصÙØ©."
-
-#. type: Content of: <div><p>
-msgid ""
-"A related issue concerns combining a free program with nonfree code. Such a "
-"combination would inevitably be nonfree; whichever freedoms are lacking for "
-"the nonfree part would be lacking for the whole as well. To permit such "
-"combinations would open a hole big enough to sink a ship. Therefore, a "
-"crucial requirement for copyleft is to plug this hole: anything added to or "
-"combined with a copylefted program must be such that the larger combined "
-"version is also free and copylefted."
-msgstr ""
-"ÙÙا٠Ù
Ø´ÙÙØ© Ù
شابÙØ© تتعÙ٠بدÙ
ج برÙاÙ
ج Øر Ù
ع
Ø´Ùرة غÙر Øرة. Ù
Ø«Ù Ùذا اÙدÙ
ج ÙتÙجت٠"
-"دائÙ
ا٠Ù
ا تÙÙ٠برÙاÙ
جا٠غÙر ØØ±Ø ï»·Ù Ø£Ù ØرÙØ©
غائبة ع٠اÙجزء غÙر اÙØر سÙ٠تÙÙÙ "
-"غائبة ع٠اÙÙ٠اÙÙ
دÙ
ج Ø£ÙضاÙ. اÙسÙ
Ø§Ø Ø¨Ù
Ø«Ù
Ùذا اÙدÙ
ج ستÙتج عÙ٠عÙاÙب ÙØ®ÙÙ
Ø©Ø "
-"ÙÙØ°ÙÙ ÙØ¥Ù Ù
٠أÙÙ
اÙأشÙاء اÙت٠تÙÙرÙا
اÙØÙÙ٠اÙÙ
ترÙÙØ© ÙÙ Ùرصة تÙاÙÙ ÙØ°Ù "
-"اÙÙ
Ø´ÙÙØ©Ø ÙØ°Ù٠عبر اشتراط أ٠أ٠شئ ÙتÙ
دÙ
جÙ
أ٠إضاÙت٠ÙبرÙاÙ
ج Ø°Ù ØÙÙÙ Ù
ترÙÙØ© "
-"Ùجب Ø£Ù ÙÙتج عÙ٠برÙاÙ
ج Øر ÙØ°Ù ØÙÙÙ Ù
ترÙÙØ©
Ø£ÙضاÙ."
-
-#. type: Content of: <div><p>
-# | The specific implementation of copyleft that we use for most GNU software
-# | is the GNU General Public License, or GNU GPL for short. We have other
-# | kinds of copyleft that are used in specific circumstances. GNU manuals
-# | are copylefted also, but use a much simpler kind of copyleft, because the
-# | complexity of the GNU GPL is not necessary for [-manuals.(2)-]
-# | {+manuals <a href=\"#ft4\">[4]</a>.+}
-#, fuzzy
-#| msgid ""
-#| "The specific implementation of copyleft that we use for most GNU software "
-#| "is the GNU General Public License, or GNU GPL for short. We have other "
-#| "kinds of copyleft that are used in specific circumstances. GNU manuals "
-#| "are copylefted also, but use a much simpler kind of copyleft, because the "
-#| "complexity of the GNU GPL is not necessary for manuals.(2)"
-msgid ""
-"The specific implementation of copyleft that we use for most GNU software is "
-"the GNU General Public License, or GNU GPL for short. We have other kinds "
-"of copyleft that are used in specific circumstances. GNU manuals are "
-"copylefted also, but use a much simpler kind of copyleft, because the "
-"complexity of the GNU GPL is not necessary for manuals <a href="
-"\"#ft4\">[4]</a>."
-msgstr ""
-"إ٠رخصة جÙ٠اÙعاÙ
Ø© (GNU GPL) تعد Ø£Ùثر تطبÙ٠عÙ
ÙÙ Ù
ستخدÙ
Ù٠ترخÙص براÙ
ج جÙÙØ "
-"Ù
ع اÙتÙÙÙÙ ÙÙجÙد رخص ØÙÙÙ Ù
ترÙÙØ© أخر٠ÙتÙ
استخداÙ
Ùا ÙÙ ØاÙات Ù
عÙÙØ©. ÙÙ
Ø«Ùا٠"
-"ÙتÙ
ترخÙص ÙتÙبات جÙ٠باستخداÙ
رخصة ØÙÙÙ Ù
ترÙÙØ© Ù
Ø¨Ø³Ø·Ø©Ø Ùظرا٠ﻷ٠رخصة جÙÙ "
-"اÙعاÙ
Ø© Ø£Ùثر تعÙÙدا٠Ù
Ù
ا تØتاج٠اÙÙتÙبات.(2)"
-
-#. type: Content of: <div><h3>
-msgid "The Free Software Foundation"
-msgstr "Ù
ؤسسة اÙبرÙ
جÙات اÙØرة"
-
-#. type: Content of: <div><p>
-# | As interest in using Emacs was growing, other people became involved in
-# | the GNU project, and we decided that it was time to seek funding once
-# | again. So in 1985 we created the <a
-# | href=\"http{+s+}://www.fsf.org/\">Free Software Foundation</a> (FSF), a
-# | tax-exempt charity for free software development. The [-<abbr
-# | title=\"Free Software Foundation\">FSF</abbr>-] {+FSF+} also took over the
-# | Emacs tape distribution business; later it extended this by adding other
-# | free software (both GNU and non-GNU) to the tape, and by selling free
-# | manuals as well.
-#, fuzzy
-#| msgid ""
-#| "As interest in using Emacs was growing, other people became involved in "
-#| "the GNU project, and we decided that it was time to seek funding once "
-#| "again. So in 1985 we created the <a href=\"http://www.fsf.org/\";>Free "
-#| "Software Foundation</a> (FSF), a tax-exempt charity for free software "
-#| "development. The <abbr title=\"Free Software Foundation\">FSF</abbr> "
-#| "also took over the Emacs tape distribution business; later it extended "
-#| "this by adding other free software (both GNU and non-GNU) to the tape, "
-#| "and by selling free manuals as well."
-msgid ""
-"As interest in using Emacs was growing, other people became involved in the "
-"GNU project, and we decided that it was time to seek funding once again. So "
-"in 1985 we created the <a href=\"https://www.fsf.org/\";>Free Software "
-"Foundation</a> (FSF), a tax-exempt charity for free software development. "
-"The FSF also took over the Emacs tape distribution business; later it "
-"extended this by adding other free software (both GNU and non-GNU) to the "
-"tape, and by selling free manuals as well."
-msgstr ""
-"Ùا٠اﻻÙتÙ
اÙ
ببرÙاÙ
ج Ø¥ÙÙ
اÙس Ù
تزاÙداÙØ Ù
Ù
ا
Ùتج عÙ٠زÙادة عدد اﻷشخاص اÙÙ
ÙتÙ
ÙÙ "
-"باÙÙ
شارÙØ© ÙÙ Ù
شرÙع جÙÙØ ÙÙØ°ÙÙ ÙررÙا Ø£ÙÙ Ùد
Øا٠اÙÙÙت ÙÙبØØ« ع٠Ù
صادر تÙ
ÙÙÙ "
-"Ù
رة أخرÙØ Ù
Ù
ا Ùتج عÙ٠إÙشاء <a
href=\"http://www.fsf.org/\";>Ù
ؤسسة اÙبرÙ
جÙات "
-"اÙØرة</a> (FSF)Ø ÙÙÙ Ù
ÙظÙ
Ø© Ø®ÙرÙØ© Ù
عÙÙØ© Ù
Ù
اÙØ¶Ø±Ø§Ø¦Ø¨Ø ØªÙعÙÙ٠بتطÙÙر اÙبرÙ
جÙات "
-"اÙØرة. Ù
ع Ù
رÙر اÙزÙ
ÙØ ØªÙÙت <abbr title=\"Free Software
Foundation\">Ù
ؤسسة "
-"اÙبرÙ
جÙات اÙØرة</abbr> Ù
ÙÙ
Ø© تÙزÙع أشرطة Ø¥ÙÙ
اÙØ³Ø Ù
Ù Ø«Ù
تÙسعت ÙتÙ
ت إضاÙØ© "
-"برÙ
جÙات Øرة أخر٠(بعضÙا Ù
٠جÙÙ ÙاÙبعض Ù
Ù
جÙات أخرÙ) ÙÙØ´Ø±Ø§Ø¦Ø·Ø ÙÙ
ا أصبØت تبÙع "
-"اÙÙتÙبات اÙØرة Ø£ÙضاÙ."
-
-#. type: Content of: <div><p>
-# | Most of the FSF's income used to come from sales of copies of free
-# | software and of other related services (CD-ROMs of source code, CD-ROMs
-# | with binaries, nicely printed manuals, all with the freedom to
-# | redistribute and modify), and Deluxe Distributions (distributions for
-# | which we built the whole collection of software for the customer's choice
-# | of platform). Today the FSF still <a href=\"http{+s+}://shop.fsf.org/\">
-# | sells manuals and other gear</a>, but it gets the bulk of its funding from
-# | members' dues. You can join the FSF at <a
-# | [-href=\"http://fsf.org/join\";>fsf.org</a>.-]
-# | {+href=\"https://my.fsf.org/join\";>fsf.org</a>.+}
-#, fuzzy
-#| msgid ""
-#| "Most of the FSF's income used to come from sales of copies of free "
-#| "software and of other related services (CD-ROMs of source code, CD-ROMs "
-#| "with binaries, nicely printed manuals, all with the freedom to "
-#| "redistribute and modify), and Deluxe Distributions (distributions for "
-#| "which we built the whole collection of software for the customer's choice "
-#| "of platform). Today the FSF still <a href=\"http://shop.fsf.org/\";> "
-#| "sells manuals and other gear</a>, but it gets the bulk of its funding "
-#| "from members' dues. You can join the FSF at <a href=\"http://fsf.org/join";
-#| "\">fsf.org</a>."
-msgid ""
-"Most of the FSF's income used to come from sales of copies of free software "
-"and of other related services (CD-ROMs of source code, CD-ROMs with "
-"binaries, nicely printed manuals, all with the freedom to redistribute and "
-"modify), and Deluxe Distributions (distributions for which we built the "
-"whole collection of software for the customer's choice of platform). Today "
-"the FSF still <a href=\"https://shop.fsf.org/\";> sells manuals and other "
-"gear</a>, but it gets the bulk of its funding from members' dues. You can "
-"join the FSF at <a href=\"https://my.fsf.org/join\";>fsf.org</a>."
-msgstr ""
-"Ù
ؤسسة اÙبرÙ
جÙات اÙØرة ÙاÙت تÙتسب أغÙب
دخÙÙا Ù
Ù Ù
بÙعات Ùسخ اÙبرÙ
جÙات اÙØØ±Ø©Ø "
-"باﻹضاÙØ© ÙخدÙ
ات أخر٠Ù
تعÙÙØ© بذÙÙ (Ù
بÙعات
اÙشرائط اÙÙ
ضغÙطة اÙت٠تØتÙ٠عÙÙ Ø´Ùرة "
-"اÙÙ
صدر أ٠اÙصÙغة اÙØ«ÙائÙØ© ÙبراÙ
جÙاØ
ÙاÙÙتÙبات اÙÙ
طبÙعة بصÙرة Ø¬Ø°Ø§Ø¨Ø©Ø Ù
ع تأÙÙد "
-"ØرÙØ© اÙتعدÙÙ Ùإعادة اÙÙشر ÙÙجÙ
Ùع). Ù
صدر
دخ٠آخر Ùا٠اÙتÙزÙعات اÙÙاخرة (ÙÙÙ "
-"اÙÙسخ اÙت٠ÙÙÙÙ
بتجÙ
ÙعÙا خصÙصا٠ÙتÙائÙ
بÙئة اÙزبÙ٠اÙØاسÙبÙØ©). اÙÙÙÙ
Ø ï»» زاÙت "
-"Ù
ؤسسة اÙبرÙ
جÙات اÙØرة <a
href=\"http://shop.fsf.org/\";>تÙÙÙ
ببÙع اÙÙتÙبات "
-"Ùبعض اÙÙ
عدات اﻷخرÙ</a>Ø Ø¥ï»» أ٠أغÙبÙØ© اÙتÙ
ÙÙ٠صارت تأت٠Ù
٠اشتراÙات اﻷعضاء. "
-"ÙÙ
ÙÙ٠أ٠تÙضÙ
ÙÙÙ
ؤسسة <a
href=\"http://fsf.org/join\";>باÙاشترا٠عبر Ùذا "
-"اÙرابط</a>."
-
-#. type: Content of: <div><p>
-# | Free Software Foundation employees have written and maintained a number of
-# | GNU software packages. Two notable ones are the C library and the shell.
-# | The GNU C library is what every program running on a GNU/Linux system uses
-# | to communicate with Linux. It was developed by a member of the Free
-# | Software Foundation staff, Roland McGrath. The shell used on most
-# | GNU/Linux systems is [-<abbr title=\"Bourne Again Shell\">BASH</abbr>,-]
-# | {+BASH,+} the Bourne Again [-Shell(1),-] {+SHell <a
-# | href=\"#ft5\">[5]</a>,+} which was developed by FSF employee Brian Fox.
-#, fuzzy
-#| msgid ""
-#| "Free Software Foundation employees have written and maintained a number "
-#| "of GNU software packages. Two notable ones are the C library and the "
-#| "shell. The GNU C library is what every program running on a GNU/Linux "
-#| "system uses to communicate with Linux. It was developed by a member of "
-#| "the Free Software Foundation staff, Roland McGrath. The shell used on "
-#| "most GNU/Linux systems is <abbr title=\"Bourne Again Shell\">BASH</abbr>, "
-#| "the Bourne Again Shell(1), which was developed by FSF employee Brian Fox."
-msgid ""
-"Free Software Foundation employees have written and maintained a number of "
-"GNU software packages. Two notable ones are the C library and the shell. "
-"The GNU C library is what every program running on a GNU/Linux system uses "
-"to communicate with Linux. It was developed by a member of the Free "
-"Software Foundation staff, Roland McGrath. The shell used on most GNU/Linux "
-"systems is BASH, the Bourne Again SHell <a href=\"#ft5\">[5]</a>, "
-"which was developed by FSF employee Brian Fox."
-msgstr ""
-"Ù
ÙظÙÙ Ù
ؤسسة اÙبرÙ
جÙات اÙØرة ÙاÙ
Ùا بÙتابة
ÙتطÙÙر Ù
جÙ
Ùعة Ù
Ù ØزÙ
اÙبراÙ
ج اÙخاصة "
-"بجÙÙØ ÙاÙت٠ÙØ°Ùر Ù
ÙÙا Ù
Ùتبة Ùغة س٠(C) ÙÙ
ÙÙÙÙÙØ° اﻷÙاÙ
ر. Ø¥Ù Ù
Ùتبة س٠اÙخاصة بجÙÙ "
-"Ù٠اÙØزÙ
Ø© اÙبرÙ
جÙØ© اÙت٠تستخدÙ
Ùا Ù٠اÙبراÙ
ج اÙت٠تعÙ
٠عÙ٠أÙظÙ
Ø© جÙÙ/ÙÙÙÙس "
-"ØÙÙÙ
ا تتÙاص٠Ù
ع ÙÙاة اÙÙظاÙ
(ÙÙÙÙس). Ùذ٠اÙÙ
Ùتبة ÙاÙ
بتطÙÙرÙا Ø£Øد Ù
ÙظÙÙ "
-"Ù
ؤسسة اÙبرÙ
جÙات اÙØØ±Ø©Ø ÙÙ٠اÙسÙد رÙÙاÙد Ù
اÙجراث. Ø£Ù
ا Ù
ÙÙØ° اﻷÙاÙ
ر اÙÙ
ستخدÙ
"
-"عÙ٠أغÙبÙØ© Ø£ÙظÙ
Ø© جÙÙ/ÙÙÙÙس ÙÙ٠باش (<abbr
title=\"Bourne Again Shell\">BASH</"
-"abbr>)Ø ÙÙ٠اختصار ÙÙجÙ
ÙØ© اﻹÙجÙÙزÙØ© (اÙÙسخة
اÙجدÙدة Ù
Ù Ù
ÙÙØ° Ø£ÙاÙ
ر بÙرÙ) (1). "
-"Ù
ÙÙØ° Ø£ÙاÙ
ر باش ÙاÙ
بتطÙÙر٠Ù
Ùظ٠اÙÙ
ؤسسة
براÙا٠ÙÙÙس."
-
-#. type: Content of: <div><p>
-msgid ""
-"We funded development of these programs because the GNU Project was not just "
-"about tools or a development environment. Our goal was a complete operating "
-"system, and these programs were needed for that goal."
-msgstr ""
-"ÙÙد ÙÙ
Ùا بتÙ
ÙÙ٠تطÙÙر Ùذ٠اÙبراÙ
ج ببساطة
ï»·Ù Ù
شرÙع جÙÙ ÙÙ
ÙÙÙ ÙتÙ
ØÙر ØÙÙ "
-"اﻷدÙات أ٠بÙئة اÙتطÙÙر ÙÙØ·Ø ÙØ¥ÙÙ
ا ÙاÙ
ÙدÙÙا تطÙÙر ÙظاÙ
تشغÙÙ Ù
تÙاÙ
ÙØ ÙÙØ°Ù "
-"اÙبراÙ
ج ÙاÙت خطÙØ© أساسÙØ© Ù٠اÙÙصÙÙ ÙÙذا
اÙÙدÙ."
-
-#. type: Content of: <div><h3>
-msgid "Free software support"
-msgstr "ÙÙÙ ÙدعÙ
اÙبرÙ
جÙات اÙØرة"
-
-#. type: Content of: <div><p>
-msgid ""
-"The free software philosophy rejects a specific widespread business "
-"practice, but it is not against business. When businesses respect the "
-"users' freedom, we wish them success."
-msgstr ""
-"Ø¥Ù ÙÙسÙØ© اÙبرÙ
جÙات اÙØرة ترÙض اÙتجارة
باÙبرÙ
جÙات عÙÙ Ùطا٠ÙØ§Ø³Ø¹Ø ÙÙÙÙÙا ÙÙ "
-"ÙÙس اÙÙÙت ï»» ترÙض ÙÙرة اÙتجارة بصÙرة عاÙ
Ø©.
ØÙÙÙ
ا ÙÙÙÙ
أصØاب اﻷعÙ
ا٠باØتراÙ
"
-"ØرÙØ© اÙÙ
ستخدÙ
ÙÙØ ØÙÙÙا ÙتÙ
ÙÙ ÙÙÙ
اÙÙجاØ
Ùï»» شئ غÙرÙ."
-
-#. type: Content of: <div><p>
-msgid ""
-"Selling copies of Emacs demonstrates one kind of free software business. "
-"When the FSF took over that business, I needed another way to make a "
-"living. I found it in selling services relating to the free software I had "
-"developed. This included teaching, for subjects such as how to program GNU "
-"Emacs and how to customize GCC, and software development, mostly porting GCC "
-"to new platforms."
-msgstr ""
-"ØÙÙÙ
ا ÙÙ
Ùا ببÙع Ùسخ Ù
٠برÙاÙ
ج Ø¥ÙÙ
اÙØ³Ø ÙاÙ
Ùذا ÙÙعا٠Ù
٠أÙÙاع اÙتجارة اÙÙ
عتÙ
دة "
-"عÙ٠اÙبرÙ
جÙات اÙØرة. ÙÙÙÙ ØÙÙÙ
ا تÙÙت Ù
ؤسسة
اÙبرÙ
جÙات اÙØرة Ùذ٠اÙØªØ¬Ø§Ø±Ø©Ø Ùا٠"
-"عÙ٠أ٠أجد طرÙÙة٠أخر٠ÙÙسب ÙÙÙ
Ø© اÙعÙØ´Ø
ÙÙد Ùجدت اÙØÙ Ù٠بÙع اÙخدÙ
ات اÙÙ
تعÙÙØ© "
-"باÙبرÙ
جÙات اÙØرة اÙت٠ÙÙ
ت بتطÙÙرÙا. ÙØ°Ù
اÙخدÙ
ات ÙاÙت تشÙ
٠اÙتعÙÙÙ
ÙاÙتثÙÙÙ "
-"ÙÙ Ù
ÙاضÙع Ù
ختÙÙØ©Ø ÙÙÙ٠تÙÙÙ
ببرÙ
جة جÙ٠إÙÙ
اÙØ³Ø ÙÙÙ٠تÙÙÙ
بتخصÙص Ù
ÙجÙ
Ùع جÙÙ "
-"(GCC)Ø ÙÙÙ٠تÙÙÙ
بتطÙÙر برÙ
جÙات٠اÙخاصةØ
ÙÙÙ٠تÙÙÙ
بترÙÙØ© Ù
ÙجÙ
Ùع جÙÙ ÙÙعÙ
٠عÙÙ "
-"Ø£ÙظÙ
Ø© تشغÙ٠أخرÙ."
-
-#. type: Content of: <div><p>
-msgid ""
-"Today each of these kinds of free software business is practiced by a number "
-"of corporations. Some distribute free software collections on CD-ROM; "
-"others sell support at levels ranging from answering user questions, to "
-"fixing bugs, to adding major new features. We are even beginning to see "
-"free software companies based on launching new free software products."
-msgstr ""
-"اÙÙÙÙ
تÙÙÙ
اÙعدÙد Ù
٠اÙÙ
ؤسسات بÙ
Ù
ارسة
Ø£ÙÙاع Ù
ختÙÙØ© Ù
٠تجارة اÙبرÙ
جÙات اÙØرة "
-"اÙÙ
Ø°ÙÙرة سابÙاÙ. بعضÙا تÙÙÙ
بتÙزÙع Ù
جÙ
Ùعات Ù
٠اÙبرÙ
جÙات اÙØرة عÙ٠أÙراص "
-"Ù
ضغÙطة. بÙÙÙ
ا ÙÙÙÙ
اÙبعض اﻵخر ببÙع خدÙ
ات
اÙدعÙ
Ø ÙاÙت٠تتعدد Ù
ستÙÙاتÙا Ù
Ù "
-"اﻹجابة عÙ٠أسئÙØ© اÙÙ
ستخدÙ
ÙÙØ ï»¹ØµÙØ§Ø Ø£Ø®Ø·Ø§Ø¡
اÙبرÙ
جÙØ§ØªØ ï»¹Ø¶Ø§ÙØ© Ù
Ùزات Ùخصائص جدÙدة "
-"ÙÙبراÙ
ج. Ù٠اÙØÙÙÙØ©Ø ÙÙد تطÙر اﻷÙ
ر ØتÙ
صرÙا Ùر٠شرÙات برÙ
جÙات ÙاÙ
ÙØ© ÙتÙ
"
-"Ø¥ÙشاؤÙا ÙتÙÙÙ
ببÙع برÙ
جÙاتÙا اÙØرة."
-
-#. type: Content of: <div><p>
-# | Watch out, though—a number of companies that associate themselves
-# | with the term “open source” actually base their business on
-# | nonfree software that works with free software. These are not free
-# | software companies, they are proprietary software companies whose products
-# | tempt users away from freedom. They call these programs
-# | “value-added [-packages”,-] {+packages,”+} which shows
-# | the values they would like us to adopt: convenience above freedom. If we
-# | value freedom more, we should call them “freedom-subtracted”
-# | packages.
-#, fuzzy
-#| msgid ""
-#| "Watch out, though—a number of companies that associate themselves "
-#| "with the term “open source” actually base their business on "
-#| "nonfree software that works with free software. These are not free "
-#| "software companies, they are proprietary software companies whose "
-#| "products tempt users away from freedom. They call these programs “"
-#| "value-added packages”, which shows the values they would like us to "
-#| "adopt: convenience above freedom. If we value freedom more, we should "
-#| "call them “freedom-subtracted” packages."
-msgid ""
-"Watch out, though—a number of companies that associate themselves with "
-"the term “open source” actually base their business on nonfree "
-"software that works with free software. These are not free software "
-"companies, they are proprietary software companies whose products tempt "
-"users away from freedom. They call these programs “value-added "
-"packages,” which shows the values they would like us to adopt: "
-"convenience above freedom. If we value freedom more, we should call them "
-"“freedom-subtracted” packages."
-msgstr ""
-"ÙÙÙÙ ÙÙبغ٠أخذ اÙØÙطة ÙاÙØذر—ÙاÙعدÙد Ù
٠اÙشرÙات اÙت٠Ùرتبط اسÙ
Ùا بÙÙظ "
-"“اÙÙ
صادر اÙÙ
ÙتÙØØ© (open source)” ÙÙ ÙÙ
اÙØÙÙÙØ© شرÙات تعتÙ
د ÙÙ "
-"عÙ
ÙÙا عÙ٠براÙ
ج غÙر ØØ±Ø©Ø Ù
ختÙطة ببراÙ
ج
Øرة. Ù
Ø«Ù Ùذ٠اÙشرÙات ï»» تعتبر شرÙات "
-"براÙ
ج ØØ±Ø©Ø ÙØ¥ÙÙ
ا Ù٠شرÙات براÙ
ج اØتÙارÙØ©
تستخدÙ
Ù
ÙتجاتÙا Ùتغر٠اÙÙ
ستخدÙ
ÙÙ "
-"ÙتجذبÙÙ
بعÙدا٠ع٠ØرÙتÙÙ
. Ùذ٠اÙبراÙ
ج ÙØ·ÙÙ
عÙÙÙا Ø£ØÙاÙاÙ: “ØزÙ
اÙÙÙÙ
Ø© "
-"اÙÙ
ضاÙØ©”. Ùذا اÙÙÙظ ÙرÙÙا اÙÙÙÙ
اÙتÙ
ÙرÙدÙÙ Ù
Ùا Ø£Ù ÙتبÙاÙØ§Ø ÙÙÙ "
-"اÙسÙÙÙØ© ÙاÙÙ
ÙاءÙ
Ø© Ùب٠اÙØرÙØ©. إذا ÙÙا ÙÙدر
ØرÙتÙا Ø£Ùثر Ù
٠أ٠شئ Ø¢Ø®Ø±Ø Ø¹ÙدÙا "
-"سÙÙ ÙØ·Ù٠عÙÙÙÙ
“ØزÙ
اÙØرÙØ© اÙÙ
ÙÙÙدة”."
-
-#. type: Content of: <div><h3>
-msgid "Technical goals"
-msgstr "اﻷÙدا٠اÙتÙÙÙØ© ÙÙÙ
شرÙع"
-
-#. type: Content of: <div><p>
-msgid ""
-"The principal goal of GNU is to be free software. Even if GNU had no "
-"technical advantage over Unix, it would have a social advantage, allowing "
-"users to cooperate, and an ethical advantage, respecting the user's freedom."
-msgstr ""
-"إ٠اÙÙد٠اﻷساس٠Ù
Ù Ùراء Ù
شرÙع جÙÙ Ù٠تطÙÙر
اÙبرÙ
جÙات اÙØرة. Øت٠إ٠Ùا٠جÙÙ "
-"ÙÙتÙر ÙÙ
Ùزات تÙÙÙØ© تجعÙ٠أÙض٠Ù
Ù ÙÙÙÙسØ
Ùإ٠جÙ٠سÙظ٠صاØب اﻷÙضÙÙØ© اﻻجتÙ
اعÙØ©Ø "
-"ï»·ÙÙ ÙسÙ
Ø ÙÙÙ
ستخدÙ
Ù٠باÙتعاÙÙØ ÙÙ
ا Ø£Ù ÙÙ
اﻷÙضÙÙØ© اﻷخÙاÙÙØ©Ø ï»·ÙÙ ÙØترÙ
ØرÙØ© "
-"اÙÙ
ستخدÙ
."
-
-#. type: Content of: <div><p>
-msgid ""
-"But it was natural to apply the known standards of good practice to the "
-"work—for example, dynamically allocating data structures to avoid "
-"arbitrary fixed size limits, and handling all the possible 8-bit codes "
-"wherever that made sense."
-msgstr ""
-"رغÙ
Ø°ÙÙØ Ùا٠Ù
٠اÙطبÙع٠أ٠ÙÙÙÙ
بتطبÙÙ Ù
عاÙÙر اÙÙ
Ù
ارسة اÙجÙدة عÙÙ "
-"عÙ
ÙÙا—عÙ٠سبÙ٠اÙÙ
ثاÙØ ØªØ®ØµÙص ÙÙاÙÙ
اÙبÙاÙات Ù٠اÙذاÙرة بصÙرة دÙÙاÙ
ÙÙÙØ© "
-"ÙØسب اÙØÙØ¬Ø©Ø Ù
Ù
ا ÙÙتج عÙ٠تÙاÙÙ Ù
Ø´ÙÙØ©
اﻷØجاÙ
اÙثابتة ÙاÙت٠Ùد ï»» تÙÙÙ Ù
عرÙÙØ© "
-"Ù
سبÙاÙ. Ù
ثا٠آخر ÙÙÙ
Ù Ù٠استخداÙ
جÙ
Ùع
Ø£ÙÙاع اÙØ´Ùرات ذات 8 بت Ù٠اÙØاÙات اÙت٠"
-"Ùا٠ÙÙÙا Ùذا اﻻستخداÙ
Ù
ÙØ·ÙÙاÙ."
-
-#. type: Content of: <div><p>
-msgid ""
-"In addition, we rejected the Unix focus on small memory size, by deciding "
-"not to support 16-bit machines (it was clear that 32-bit machines would be "
-"the norm by the time the GNU system was finished), and to make no effort to "
-"reduce memory usage unless it exceeded a megabyte. In programs for which "
-"handling very large files was not crucial, we encouraged programmers to read "
-"an entire input file into core, then scan its contents without having to "
-"worry about I/O."
-msgstr ""
-"باﻹضاÙØ© ÙØ°ÙÙ ÙÙد رÙضÙا طرÙÙØ© ÙÙÙÙس ÙÙ
اÙترÙÙز عÙ٠اﻻستخداÙ
اÙÙ
ÙØ®Ùض ÙÙذاÙØ±Ø©Ø "
-"ÙØ°ÙÙ ØÙÙÙ
ا ÙررÙا عدÙ
دعÙ
اﻷجÙزة اÙتÙ
تتÙÙ٠بÙÙتÙا Ù
Ù 16 بت (Ùا٠Ù
٠اÙÙØ§Ø¶Ø "
-"باÙÙسبة Ø¥ÙÙÙا أ٠اﻷجÙزة ذات اÙبÙÙØ© اÙÙ
ÙÙÙØ© Ù
Ù 32 بت سÙÙ ØªØµØ¨Ø Ø´Ùئا٠عادÙا٠"
-"ØÙÙÙ
ا ÙÙتÙÙ Ù
٠تطÙÙر ÙظاÙ
جÙÙ)Ø ÙÙ
ا ÙررÙا
عدÙ
بذ٠Ù
جÙÙد Ù٠تخÙÙض استخداÙ
"
-"اÙذاÙرة إﻻ ØÙÙÙ
ا ÙتجاÙز 1 Ù
ÙجاباÙت.
باÙÙسبة ÙÙبراÙ
ج اÙت٠ÙÙ
تÙ٠تØتاج "
-"ÙÙتعاÙ
Ù Ù
ع Ù
ÙÙات بÙاÙات ÙبÙØ±Ø©Ø ÙÙا Ùشجع
اÙÙ
برÙ
جÙÙ ÙÙÙ ÙÙÙÙ
Ùا بÙتابة براÙ
جÙÙ
"
-"بØÙØ« تÙÙÙ
بÙراءة اÙÙ
Ù٠اÙÙ
دخ٠ÙاÙ
Ùا٠إÙÙ
ذاÙرة اÙØاسÙØ¨Ø Ù
Ù Ø«Ù
ÙÙÙÙ
اÙبراÙ
ج "
-"باÙعÙ
٠عÙÙ Ù
ØتÙÙات اÙÙ
ÙÙØ Ù
٠دÙ٠اÙتÙÙÙر
Ù٠عÙ
ÙÙات اﻹدخا٠Ùاﻹخراج (I/O)."
-
-#. type: Content of: <div><p>
-msgid ""
-"These decisions enabled many GNU programs to surpass their Unix counterparts "
-"in reliability and speed."
-msgstr ""
-"Ùذ٠اÙÙرارات Ùا٠ÙÙا باÙغ اﻷثر Ù٠جعÙ
اÙÙØ«Ùر Ù
٠براÙ
ج جÙ٠تتÙ
Ùز ع٠Ù
Ø«ÙÙاتÙا "
-"ÙÙ ÙظاÙ
ÙÙÙÙØ³Ø ÙÙÙ
ا ÙتعÙ٠باÙسرعة ÙدÙØ©
اﻷداء."
-
-#. type: Content of: <div><h3>
-msgid "Donated computers"
-msgstr "أجÙزة اÙØاسÙب اÙÙ
تبرع بÙا"
-
-#. type: Content of: <div><p>
-msgid ""
-"As the GNU Project's reputation grew, people began offering to donate "
-"machines running Unix to the project. These were very useful, because the "
-"easiest way to develop components of GNU was to do it on a Unix system, and "
-"replace the components of that system one by one. But they raised an "
-"ethical issue: whether it was right for us to have a copy of Unix at all."
-msgstr ""
-"ØÙÙÙ
ا بدأت سÙ
عة Ù
شرÙع جÙ٠باÙتزاÙØ¯Ø ØµØ§Ø±
اÙÙاس ÙتبرعÙ٠بأجÙزة ØÙاسÙب تعÙ
٠عÙÙ "
-"ÙظاÙ
ÙÙÙÙس ÙدعÙ
اÙÙ
شرÙع. Ùذ٠اﻷجÙزة ÙاÙت Ù
ÙÙدة ÙÙغاÙØ©Ø ï»·Ù Ø£Ø³Ù٠طرÙÙØ© ÙتطÙÙر "
-"ÙظاÙ
جÙÙ ÙاÙت باÙعÙ
٠عÙÙ ÙظاÙ
ÙÙÙÙØ³Ø ØÙØ«
ÙÙا ÙÙÙÙ
باستبدا٠Ù
ÙÙÙات اÙÙظاÙ
"
-"ÙاØدا٠تÙ٠اﻵخر. ÙÙÙÙ Ùذ٠اﻷجÙزة جÙبت Ù
عÙا سؤاÙا٠أخÙاÙÙا٠Ù
ÙÙ
اÙ: ÙÙ ÙجÙز ÙÙا "
-"بداÙة٠أ٠ÙÙ
تÙÙ Ùسخة Ù
Ù ÙظاÙ
ÙÙÙÙسØ"
-
-#. type: Content of: <div><p>
-msgid ""
-"Unix was (and is) proprietary software, and the GNU Project's philosophy "
-"said that we should not use proprietary software. But, applying the same "
-"reasoning that leads to the conclusion that violence in self defense is "
-"justified, I concluded that it was legitimate to use a proprietary package "
-"when that was crucial for developing a free replacement that would help "
-"others stop using the proprietary package."
-msgstr ""
-"Ø¥Ù ÙظاÙ
ÙÙÙÙس Ùا٠(Ùï»» ÙزاÙ) برÙاÙ
جاÙ
اØتÙارÙاÙØ ÙÙÙسÙØ© Ù
شرÙع جÙ٠تÙÙ٠بÙضÙØ "
-"Ø£ÙÙا Ùجب أﻻ ÙستخدÙ
أ٠برÙاÙ
ج اØتÙار٠Ù
ÙÙ
ا
ÙاÙ. ÙÙÙÙ ØÙÙÙ
ا ÙÙÙÙ
بتطبÙ٠اÙÙ
ÙØ·Ù "
-"اÙØ°Ù ÙÙÙد٠ﻷ٠استخداÙ
اÙعÙÙ ÙÙ ØاÙات
اÙدÙاع ع٠اÙÙÙس ÙÙ ØÙ Ù
شرÙØ¹Ø ØÙÙÙا ستص٠"
-"ÙÙÙتÙجة اÙت٠ÙصÙت Ø¥ÙÙÙا Ø£Ùا Ù
Ù ÙبÙØ ÙÙÙ
Ø£ÙÙ Ù
٠اÙÙ
شرÙع Ù٠أ٠تستخدÙ
ØزÙ
Ø© "
-"اØتÙارÙØ© ØÙÙÙ
ا ÙÙÙÙ Ùذا Ø£Ù
را٠ØاسÙ
اÙ
سÙساعد٠Ù٠تطÙÙر بدÙÙ Øر ÙÙذ٠اÙØزÙ
Ø©Ø Ù
Ù
ا "
-"سÙساعد اÙآخرÙÙ ÙÙتÙÙÙÙا ع٠استخداÙ
اÙØزÙ
Ø©
اﻻØتÙارÙØ© ÙÙÙÙÙ
Ùا باستخداÙ
اÙبدÙÙ "
-"اÙØر."
-
-#. type: Content of: <div><p>
-msgid ""
-"But, even if this was a justifiable evil, it was still an evil. Today we no "
-"longer have any copies of Unix, because we have replaced them with free "
-"operating systems. If we could not replace a machine's operating system "
-"with a free one, we replaced the machine instead."
-msgstr ""
-"ÙÙÙÙ Øت٠ÙÙ ÙجدÙا Ù
ÙØ·Ùا٠Ù
Ù Ùراء اÙشرØ
ÙØ¥ÙÙ ï»» Ùزا٠شراÙ. اﻵ٠ÙÙس ÙدÙÙا Ø£Ù Ùسخة "
-"Ù
Ù ÙظاÙ
ÙÙÙÙس اÙÙدÙÙ
Ø ï»·ÙÙا ÙÙ
Ùا
باستبداÙÙا جÙ
Ùعا٠بأÙظÙ
Ø© تشغÙÙ Øرة. ØÙÙÙ
ا "
-"عجزÙا ع٠استبدا٠ÙظاÙ
تشغÙ٠جÙاز٠Ù
ا بآخر
ØØ±Ø ÙÙ
Ùا باستبدا٠اÙجÙاز ÙÙسÙ."
-
-#. type: Content of: <div><h3>
-msgid "The GNU Task List"
-msgstr "ÙائÙ
Ø© Ù
ÙاÙ
Ù
شرÙع جÙÙ"
-
-#. type: Content of: <div><p>
-msgid ""
-"As the GNU Project proceeded, and increasing numbers of system components "
-"were found or developed, eventually it became useful to make a list of the "
-"remaining gaps. We used it to recruit developers to write the missing "
-"pieces. This list became known as the GNU Task List. In addition to "
-"missing Unix components, we listed various other useful software and "
-"documentation projects that, we thought, a truly complete system ought to "
-"have."
-msgstr ""
-"بÙ
رÙر اÙزÙ
ÙØ ØªØ·Ùر Ù
شرÙع جÙÙØ Ùزاد عدد
اÙبراÙ
ج اÙت٠ÙÙ
Ùا بتطÙÙرÙا ÙإضاÙتÙا "
-"ÙÙÙظاÙ
. Ù٠اÙÙÙاÙØ© ÙجدÙا Ø£ÙÙ Ù
٠اÙÙ
ÙÙد ÙÙا
Ø£Ù Ùضع ÙائÙ
Ø© باﻷجزاء اÙÙاÙصة "
-"ÙتساعدÙا Ù٠عÙ
ÙÙا. Ùذ٠اÙÙائÙ
Ø© ÙاÙت Ù
ÙÙدة
ØÙÙÙ
ا اØتجÙا ÙتجÙÙد Ù
برÙ
جÙÙ "
-"ÙÙÙÙÙ
Ùا بتطÙÙر اﻷجزاء اÙÙاÙصة Ù
٠اÙÙظاÙ
.
بÙ
رÙر اÙزÙ
ÙØ Ø£ØµØ¨Øت Ùذ٠اÙÙائÙ
ة تعر٠"
-"بÙائÙ
Ø© Ù
ÙاÙ
Ù
شرÙع جÙÙ. ÙاÙت اÙÙائÙ
Ø© تØÙÙØ
باﻹضاÙØ© ﻷجزاء ÙÙÙÙس اÙÙ
ÙÙÙدة ÙÙ "
-"جÙÙØ Ø¨Ø±Ø§Ù
جا٠ÙÙثائÙا٠أخر٠أØسسÙا Ø£ÙÙا
جزء أساس٠ﻷ٠ÙظاÙ
ÙرÙد Ø£Ù ÙÙÙÙ ÙظاÙ
ا٠"
-"Ù
تÙاÙ
ÙاÙ."
-
-#. type: Content of: <div><p>
-# | [-Today (1),-]{+Today <a href=\"#ft6\">[6]</a>,+} hardly any Unix
-# | components are left in the GNU Task List—those jobs had been done,
-# | aside from a few inessential ones. But the list is full of projects that
-# | some might call [-“applications”.-]
-# | {+“applications.”+} Any program that appeals to more than a
-# | narrow class of users would be a useful thing to add to an operating
-# | system.
-#, fuzzy
-#| msgid ""
-#| "Today (1), hardly any Unix components are left in the GNU Task List—"
-#| "those jobs had been done, aside from a few inessential ones. But the "
-#| "list is full of projects that some might call “"
-#| "applications”. Any program that appeals to more than a narrow "
-#| "class of users would be a useful thing to add to an operating system."
-msgid ""
-"Today <a href=\"#ft6\">[6]</a>, hardly any Unix components are left in "
-"the GNU Task List—those jobs had been done, aside from a few "
-"inessential ones. But the list is full of projects that some might call "
-"“applications.” Any program that appeals to more than a narrow "
-"class of users would be a useful thing to add to an operating system."
-msgstr ""
-"اÙÙÙÙ
(1) زاÙت أغÙب أجزاء ÙÙÙÙس اÙÙ
ÙÙÙدة Ù
Ù
ÙائÙ
Ø© Ù
ÙاÙ
جÙٗجÙ
Ùع ÙØ°Ù "
-"اﻷجزاء تÙ
ت إضاÙتÙا ÙجÙÙØ Ø¨Ø§Ø³ØªØ«Ùاء اÙÙÙÙÙ
جدا٠Ù
٠اÙبراÙ
ج اÙثاÙÙÙØ©. ï»» زاÙت "
-"اÙÙائÙ
Ø© Ù
ÙÙئة باÙÙ
شارÙع اÙت٠ÙØ·Ù٠عÙÙÙا
اÙبعض “تطبÙÙات”. إ٠أ٠"
-"برÙاÙ
ج Ùجتذب Ø£Ùثر Ù
Ù Ù
جÙ
Ùعة صغÙرة Ù
٠اÙÙ
ستخدÙ
ÙÙ Ùعتبر إضاÙØ© Ù
ÙÙدة ÙÙظاÙ
"
-"اÙتشغÙÙ."
-
-#. type: Content of: <div><p>
-msgid ""
-"Even games are included in the task list—and have been since the "
-"beginning. Unix included games, so naturally GNU should too. But "
-"compatibility was not an issue for games, so we did not follow the list of "
-"games that Unix had. Instead, we listed a spectrum of different kinds of "
-"games that users might like."
-msgstr ""
-"Ø¥Ù ÙائÙ
Ø© اÙÙ
ÙاÙ
تØتÙÙ Øت٠عÙ٠أÙعاب—ÙÙد
ÙاÙت ÙØ°ÙÙ Ù
ÙØ° اÙبداÙØ©. بÙ
ا أ٠"
-"ÙÙÙÙس Ùا٠ÙØتÙ٠عÙ٠أÙØ¹Ø§Ø¨Ø ÙÙ
٠اÙطبÙع٠ÙاÙ
Ø£Ù ÙØتÙ٠جÙ٠عÙ٠أÙعاب Ø£ÙضاÙ. ÙÙ
"
-"ÙÙ٠عدÙ
اÙتÙاÙ٠بÙ٠اÙÙظاÙ
ÙÙ ÙØ´ÙÙ Ù
Ø´ÙÙØ©Ø
ÙÙØ°ÙÙ ÙÙ
ÙÙتÙ
بÙائÙ
Ø© اﻷÙعاب اÙت٠"
-"اØتÙ٠عÙÙÙا ÙÙÙÙس. بدÙا٠ع٠ذÙÙØ ÙÙ
Ùا
بإدراج Ù
جÙ
Ùعة Ù
٠اﻷÙعاب اÙÙ
ختÙÙØ© اÙت٠"
-"اعتÙدÙا أ٠اÙÙ
ستخدÙ
Ù٠سÙÙ ÙØبÙÙÙا."
-
-#. type: Content of: <div><h3>
-# | The GNU [-Library-] {+Lesser+} GPL
-#, fuzzy
-#| msgid "The GNU Library GPL"
-msgid "The GNU Lesser GPL"
-msgstr "رخصة Ù
Ùتبة جÙ٠اÙعاÙ
Ø© (GNU Library GPL)"
-
-#. type: Content of: <div><p>
-# | The GNU C library uses a special kind of copyleft called the GNU
-# | [-Library-] {+Lesser+} General Public [-License(1),-] {+License <a
-# | href=\"#ft7\">[7]</a>,+} which gives permission to link proprietary
-# | software with the library. Why make this exception?
-#, fuzzy
-#| msgid ""
-#| "The GNU C library uses a special kind of copyleft called the GNU Library "
-#| "General Public License(1), which gives permission to link proprietary "
-#| "software with the library. Why make this exception?"
-msgid ""
-"The GNU C library uses a special kind of copyleft called the GNU Lesser "
-"General Public License <a href=\"#ft7\">[7]</a>, which gives "
-"permission to link proprietary software with the library. Why make this "
-"exception?"
-msgstr ""
-"Ø¥Ù Ù
Ùتبة Ùغة س٠(C) اÙتابعة ÙÙ
شرÙع جÙÙ
تستخدÙ
ÙÙعا٠خاصا٠Ù
٠رخص اÙØÙÙÙ "
-"اÙÙ
ترÙÙØ©Ø ÙØ·Ù٠عÙÙÙا اسÙ
رخصة Ù
Ùتبة جÙÙ
اÙعاÙ
Ø© (1)Ø ÙاÙت٠تسÙ
Ø Ø¨Ø±Ø¨Ø· اÙبراÙ
ج "
-"اﻻØتÙارÙØ© باÙÙ
Ùتبة. ÙÙ
اذا ÙÙ
Ùا بÙذا
اﻻستثÙاءØ"
-
-#. type: Content of: <div><p>
-msgid ""
-"It is not a matter of principle; there is no principle that says proprietary "
-"software products are entitled to include our code. (Why contribute to a "
-"project predicated on refusing to share with us?) Using the LGPL for the C "
-"library, or for any library, is a matter of strategy."
-msgstr ""
-"اÙÙ
سأÙØ© ÙÙست Ù
سأÙØ© Ù
Ø¨Ø¯Ø£Ø Ø¥Ø° Ø£ÙÙ Ùا ÙجÙد ÙÙÙ
بدأ اÙØ°Ù ÙÙÙ٠أ٠اÙبرÙ
جÙات "
-"اﻻØتÙارÙØ© تÙ
تÙ٠اÙØÙ Ù٠استخداÙ
Ø´ÙرتÙا
اÙبرÙ
جÙØ©. (ÙÙ
اذا ÙÙÙÙ
باÙÙ
شارÙØ© ÙÙ "
-"Ù
شرÙع ÙعÙÙ
سÙÙا٠أÙ٠سÙرÙض اÙتعاÙÙ ÙاÙÙ
شارÙØ© Ù
عÙاØ) إ٠استخداÙ
اÙرخصة اÙخاصة "
-"ÙÙ
Ùتبة Ùغة س٠ÙÙ ØرÙØ© استراتÙجÙØ© بØتة."
-
-#. type: Content of: <div><p>
-msgid ""
-"The C library does a generic job; every proprietary system or compiler comes "
-"with a C library. Therefore, to make our C library available only to free "
-"software would not have given free software any advantage—it would "
-"only have discouraged use of our library."
-msgstr ""
-"Ø¥Ù ÙظÙÙØ© Ù
Ùتبة Ùغة س٠تعتبر ÙظÙÙØ© عاÙ
Ø©Ø ï»·Ù
Ø£Ù ÙظاÙ
اØتÙار٠أ٠Ù
ÙجÙ
Ùع Ø´Ùرة "
-"ÙØتاج ÙÙجÙد Ù
Ùتبة Ùغة سÙ. ÙÙØ°ÙÙ ÙÙØ٠إ٠ÙÙا
سÙجع٠Ù
Ùتبة Ùغة س٠Ù
تÙÙرة Øصرا٠"
-"عÙ٠اÙبرÙ
جÙات اÙØØ±Ø©Ø ÙØ¥Ù Ùذ٠اÙخطÙØ© ÙÙ
تÙÙ
Ùتعط٠اÙبرÙ
جÙات اÙØرة Ø£Ù "
-"Ø£ÙضÙÙØ©—عÙ٠اÙعÙس تÙ
اÙ
اÙØ ÙاÙت ÙØ°Ù
اÙخطÙØ© ستثبط Ù
Ù ÙرغبÙ٠باستخداÙ
"
-"Ù
ÙتبتÙا."
-
-#. type: Content of: <div><p>
-# | One system is an exception to this: on the GNU system (and this includes
-# | GNU/Linux), the GNU C library is the only C library. So the distribution
-# | terms of the GNU C library determine whether it is possible to compile a
-# | proprietary program for the GNU system. There is no ethical reason to
-# | allow proprietary applications on the GNU system, but strategically it
-# | seems that disallowing them would do more to discourage use of the GNU
-# | system than to encourage development of free applications. That is why
-# | using the [-Library-] {+Lesser+} GPL is a good strategy for the C library.
-#, fuzzy
-#| msgid ""
-#| "One system is an exception to this: on the GNU system (and this includes "
-#| "GNU/Linux), the GNU C library is the only C library. So the distribution "
-#| "terms of the GNU C library determine whether it is possible to compile a "
-#| "proprietary program for the GNU system. There is no ethical reason to "
-#| "allow proprietary applications on the GNU system, but strategically it "
-#| "seems that disallowing them would do more to discourage use of the GNU "
-#| "system than to encourage development of free applications. That is why "
-#| "using the Library GPL is a good strategy for the C library."
-msgid ""
-"One system is an exception to this: on the GNU system (and this includes GNU/"
-"Linux), the GNU C library is the only C library. So the distribution terms "
-"of the GNU C library determine whether it is possible to compile a "
-"proprietary program for the GNU system. There is no ethical reason to allow "
-"proprietary applications on the GNU system, but strategically it seems that "
-"disallowing them would do more to discourage use of the GNU system than to "
-"encourage development of free applications. That is why using the Lesser "
-"GPL is a good strategy for the C library."
-msgstr ""
-"ÙÙا٠ÙظاÙ
ÙاØد ÙØ´Ù٠استثÙاءا٠ÙÙÙاعدةØ
ÙÙÙ ÙظاÙ
جÙÙ (بÙ
ا ÙØ´Ù
٠جÙÙ/ÙÙÙÙس)Ø ØÙØ« "
-"Ø£Ù Ù
Ùتبة Ùغة س٠اÙخاصة بجÙÙ ÙÙ Ù
Ùتبة Ùغة سÙ
اÙÙØÙدة عÙÙ Ùذا اÙÙظاÙ
. باÙتاÙÙ "
-"Ùإ٠شرÙØ· اÙتÙزÙع اÙخاصة بÙ
Ùتبة Ùغة سÙ
ستØدد Ù
ا إذا Ùا٠Ù
٠اÙÙ
Ù
Ù٠تجÙ
Ùع "
-"برÙاÙ
ج اØتÙار٠بØÙØ« ÙØµØ¨Ø Ø¨Ø§ï»¹Ù
Ùا٠أ٠ÙعÙ
Ù
عÙÙ ÙظاÙ
جÙÙ. عÙ٠اÙرغÙ
Ù
٠عدÙ
ÙجÙد "
-"سبب أخÙاÙÙ ÙجعÙÙا ÙسÙ
Ø Ø¨Ø§ÙبرÙ
جÙات
اÙاØتÙارÙØ© عÙÙ ÙظاÙ
جÙÙØ Ø¥ï»» Ø£ÙÙ ÙبدÙØ Ù
Ù "
-"ÙاØÙØ© استراتÙجÙØ©Ø Ø£Ù Ù
Ùع Ùذ٠اÙبراÙ
ج Ù
Ù
اÙعÙ
٠عÙÙ ÙظاÙ
جÙ٠سÙÙÙÙ Ù٠أثر "
-"سÙبÙØ Ø¥Ø° Ø£Ù٠سÙثبط اÙÙ
ستخدÙ
ÙÙ Ù
Ù ÙظاÙ
جÙÙØ
بدÙا٠ع٠أ٠Ùشجع اÙÙ
برÙ
جÙÙ ÙتطÙÙر "
-"اÙبراÙ
ج اÙØرة. ÙÙذ٠اﻷسباب Ùإ٠استخداÙ
رخصة Ù
Ùتبة جÙ٠اÙعاÙ
Ø© Ù٠خطÙØ© "
-"استراتÙجÙØ© ÙÙÙ
ا Ùخص Ù
Ùتبة Ùغة سÙ."
-
-#. type: Content of: <div><p>
-msgid ""
-"For other libraries, the strategic decision needs to be considered on a case-"
-"by-case basis. When a library does a special job that can help write "
-"certain kinds of programs, then releasing it under the GPL, limiting it to "
-"free programs only, is a way of helping other free software developers, "
-"giving them an advantage against proprietary software."
-msgstr ""
-"باÙÙسبة ÙÙ
Ùتبات اÙÙغات اﻷخرÙØ Ùإ٠اÙÙرار
اﻻستراتÙج٠Ùجب Ø£Ù ÙتÙ
اتخاذ٠ÙÙÙ "
-"ØاÙØ© عÙÙ Øدة. ØÙÙÙ
ا تÙÙÙ
اÙÙ
Ùتبة اÙÙ
عÙÙØ©
بأداء ÙظÙÙØ© خاصة تجعÙÙا Ù
ÙÙدة "
-"ÙÙتابة اÙبرÙ
جÙØ§ØªØ ØÙÙÙا ÙÙÙ٠ترخÙصÙا
باستخداÙ
رخصة جÙ٠اÙعاÙ
Ø© (GPL) Ù
ÙÙ
اÙØ "
-"ØÙØ« Ø£Ù Ùذا سÙØصر استخداÙ
اÙÙ
Ùتبة اÙÙ
عÙÙØ©
عÙ٠اÙبرÙ
جÙات اÙØرة ÙÙØ·Ø Ù
Ù
ا سÙساعد "
-"Ù
Ø·Ùر٠اÙبرÙ
جÙات اÙØرة ÙÙعطÙÙÙ
Ø£ÙضÙÙØ© ضد Ù
Ø·Ùر٠اÙبرÙ
جÙات اﻻØتÙارÙØ©."
-
-#. type: Content of: <div><p>
-# | Consider GNU Readline, a library that was developed to provide
-# | command-line editing for BASH. Readline is released under the ordinary
-# | GNU GPL, not the [-Library-] {+Lesser+} GPL. This probably does reduce
-# | the amount Readline is used, but that is no loss for us. Meanwhile, at
-# | least one useful application has been made free software specifically so
-# | it could use Readline, and that is a real gain for the community.
-#, fuzzy
-#| msgid ""
-#| "Consider GNU Readline, a library that was developed to provide command-"
-#| "line editing for BASH. Readline is released under the ordinary GNU GPL, "
-#| "not the Library GPL. This probably does reduce the amount Readline is "
-#| "used, but that is no loss for us. Meanwhile, at least one useful "
-#| "application has been made free software specifically so it could use "
-#| "Readline, and that is a real gain for the community."
-msgid ""
-"Consider GNU Readline, a library that was developed to provide command-line "
-"editing for BASH. Readline is released under the ordinary GNU GPL, not the "
-"Lesser GPL. This probably does reduce the amount Readline is used, but that "
-"is no loss for us. Meanwhile, at least one useful application has been made "
-"free software specifically so it could use Readline, and that is a real gain "
-"for the community."
-msgstr ""
-"عÙ٠سبÙ٠اÙÙ
ثاÙØ ÙØ¥Ù Ù
Ùتبة رÙدÙاÙÙ (GNU
Readline)Ø ÙاÙت٠تÙ
تطÙÙرÙا ÙتÙÙر "
-"خدÙ
ات تØرÙر سطÙر اﻷÙاÙ
ر ÙÙ Ù
ÙÙØ° Ø£ÙاÙ
ر باش
(BASH)Ø Ùذ٠اÙÙ
Ùتبة Ù
رخصة باستخداÙ
"
-"رخصة جÙ٠اÙعاÙ
Ø© اÙعادÙØ© (GNU GPL)Ø ÙÙÙس
باستخداÙ
رخصة اÙÙ
Ùتبة (Library GPL). "
-"Ùذا اﻷÙ
ر عÙÙ Ø§ï»·Ø±Ø¬Ø Ø³Ùؤثر سÙبا٠عÙ٠عدد
اÙبراÙ
ج اÙت٠تستخدÙ
رÙدÙاÙÙØ Ø¥ï»» Ø£Ù Ùذا "
-"ï»» Ùعتبر خسارة باÙÙسبة Ø¥ÙÙÙا. ÙÙ ÙÙس اÙÙÙتØ
ÙÙا٠براÙ
ج Ù
ÙÙد ÙاØد عÙ٠اﻷÙ٠تÙ
"
-"تطÙÙر٠ÙبرÙ
جÙØ© Øرة تستخدÙ
Ù
Ùتبة رÙدÙاÙÙØ
ÙÙذا ÙØ¬Ø§Ø ØÙÙÙ٠باÙÙسبة ÙÙ
جتÙ
ع "
-"اÙبرÙ
جÙات اÙØرة."
-
-#. type: Content of: <div><p>
-msgid ""
-"Proprietary software developers have the advantages money provides; free "
-"software developers need to make advantages for each other. I hope some day "
-"we will have a large collection of GPL-covered libraries that have no "
-"parallel available to proprietary software, providing useful modules to "
-"serve as building blocks in new free software, and adding up to a major "
-"advantage for further free software development."
-msgstr ""
-"Ù
برÙ
ج٠اÙبرÙ
جÙات اﻻØتÙارÙØ© ÙدÙÙÙ
Ø£ÙضÙÙØ©
اÙÙ
اÙØ Ø£Ù
ا Ù
برÙ
ج٠اÙبرÙ
جÙات اÙØرة "
-"ÙعÙÙÙÙ
Ø£Ù ÙصÙعÙا Ø£ÙضÙÙاتÙÙ
ÙبعضÙÙ
اÙبعض.
أتÙ
ÙÙ ÙÙ ÙÙÙ
Ù
٠اﻷÙاÙ
Ø£Ù ÙÙÙÙ ÙدÙÙا "
-"Ù
جÙ
Ùعة ضخÙ
Ø© Ù
٠اÙÙ
Ùتبات اÙبرÙ
جÙØ© اÙÙ
رخصة
برخصة جÙ٠اÙعاÙ
Ø©Ø ÙاÙت٠ÙÙس ÙدÙÙا "
-"Ù
Ø«ÙÙ Ù٠عاÙÙ
اÙبرÙ
جÙات اﻻØتÙارÙØ©. Ù
Ø«Ù ÙØ°Ù
اÙÙ
Ùتبات ستÙÙر ÙØدات اÙبÙاء "
-"اﻷساسÙØ© اÙت٠ستساعد Ù٠تطÙÙر اÙبرÙ
جÙات
اÙØØ±Ø©Ø ÙÙ
ع اÙÙÙت ستتراÙÙ
اﻷÙضÙÙØ© بØÙØ« "
-"ÙÙ
Ù٠تطÙÙر براÙ
ج Øرة Ø£Ùثر ÙØ£Ùثر."
-
-#. type: Content of: <div><h3>
-msgid "Scratching an itch?"
-msgstr "ÙÙÙ ÙÙ
Ù٠تÙبÙØ© اÙÙ
تطÙبات (أ٠خدش
اÙØÙØ©)Ø"
-
-#. type: Content of: <div><p>
-msgid ""
-"Eric Raymond says that “Every good work of software starts by "
-"scratching a developer's personal itch.” Maybe that happens sometimes, "
-"but many essential pieces of GNU software were developed in order to have a "
-"complete free operating system. They come from a vision and a plan, not "
-"from impulse."
-msgstr ""
-"إرÙ٠راÙÙ
ÙÙد Ùا٠“إ٠أ٠عÙ
٠برÙ
ج٠جÙد
Ùبدأ Ù
٠خدش اÙÙ
برÙ
ج ÙØÙت٠اÙخاصة."
-"” ربÙ
ا Ùا٠Ùذا Ù
ا ÙØدث Ù٠بعض اﻷØÙاÙØ
ÙÙÙ٠اÙØÙÙÙØ© أ٠اÙعدÙد Ù
٠أجزاء "
-"جÙ٠اﻷساسÙØ© تÙ
تطÙÙرÙا Øت٠ÙتÙ
ÙÙ Ù
Ù
اÙØصÙ٠عÙÙ ÙظاÙ
تشغÙÙ ØØ±Ø Ø£Ù Ø£Ù Ø§ÙبراÙ
ج "
-"جاءت ÙتÙجة رؤÙØ© Ùخطة استراتÙجÙØ©Ø ï»» ÙتÙجة
اÙدÙاع ÙØظÙ."
-
-#. type: Content of: <div><p>
-msgid ""
-"For example, we developed the GNU C library because a Unix-like system needs "
-"a C library, BASH because a Unix-like system needs a shell, and GNU tar "
-"because a Unix-like system needs a tar program. The same is true for my own "
-"programs—the GNU C compiler, GNU Emacs, GDB and GNU Make."
-msgstr ""
-"ÙÙ
Ø«ÙاÙØ ØÙÙÙ
ا ÙÙ
Ùا بتطÙÙر Ù
Ùتبة Ùغة سÙ
اÙخاصة بجÙÙØ Ùا٠Ùذا ﻷ٠أ٠ÙظاÙ
Ù
شاب٠"
-"ÙÙÙÙÙس ÙØتاج ÙÙجÙد Ù
Ùتبة سÙ. ØÙÙÙ
ا Ø·ÙرÙا Ù
ÙÙØ° Ø£ÙاÙ
ر باش (BASH)Ø Ùا٠Ùذا ï»·Ù "
-"Ø£Ù ÙظاÙ
Ù
شاب٠ÙÙÙÙÙس ÙØتاج ÙÙجÙد Ù
ÙÙØ° Ø£ÙاÙ
Ø±Ø ÙØÙÙÙ
ا ÙÙ
Ùا بتطÙÙر برÙاÙ
ج "
-"اﻷرشÙØ© تار (GNU tar)Ø Ùا٠Ùذا ﻷ٠أ٠ÙظاÙ
Ù
شابÙ
ÙÙÙÙÙس Ùجب Ø£Ù ÙØتÙ٠عÙÙ "
-"برÙاÙ
ج أرشÙØ©. ÙÙس Ùذا اﻷÙ
ر ÙÙطب٠عÙÙ
اÙبراÙ
ج اÙت٠ÙÙ
ت بتطÙÙرÙا شخصÙاٗ"
-"Ù
ÙجÙ
Ùع Ùغة س٠(GNU C compiler)Ø ÙبرÙاÙ
ج Ø¥ÙÙ
اÙس (GNU
Emacs)Ø ÙÙ
ÙصØÙØ Ø§ÙØ´Ùرة "
-"(GDB)Ø ÙبرÙاÙ
ج اﻹÙشاء (GNU Make)."
-
-#. type: Content of: <div><p>
-msgid ""
-"Some GNU programs were developed to cope with specific threats to our "
-"freedom. Thus, we developed gzip to replace the Compress program, which had "
-"been lost to the community because of the <abbr title=\"Lempel-Ziv-Welch"
-"\">LZW</abbr> patents. We found people to develop LessTif, and more "
-"recently started <abbr title=\"GNU Network Object Model Environment\">GNOME</"
-"abbr> and Harmony, to address the problems caused by certain proprietary "
-"libraries (see below). We are developing the GNU Privacy Guard to replace "
-"popular nonfree encryption software, because users should not have to choose "
-"between privacy and freedom."
-msgstr ""
-"بعض براÙ
ج جÙ٠تÙ
تطÙÙرÙا ÙتتجاÙب Ù
ع بعض
اÙتÙدÙدات اÙت٠ÙاÙت تÙاج٠ØرÙاتÙا. "
-"ÙÙ
Ø«Ùا٠ÙÙ
Ùا بتطÙÙر برÙاÙ
ج ضغط اÙÙ
ÙÙات (gzip)
ÙÙØÙ Ù
Ø٠برÙاÙ
ج اÙضغط اÙخاص "
-"بÙÙÙÙس (Compress)Ø ÙاÙذ٠اÙتسب٠اÙÙ
جتÙ
ع بسبب Ù
Ø´ÙÙØ© براءة اختراع Ø®ÙارزÙ
ÙØ© "
-"ÙÙ
بÙÙ-زÙÙ-ÙÙÙØ´ (<abbr title=\"Lempel-Ziv-Welch\">LZW</abbr> ).
شاÙدÙا "
-"اÙÙ
جتÙ
ع اÙبرÙ
ج٠ÙÙÙ ÙÙÙÙ
بتطÙÙر بÙئة برÙ
جة ÙستÙ٠اÙرسÙÙ
ÙØ© (LessTif)Ø ÙÙ
ا "
-"شاÙدÙا تطÙر بÙئة Ø³Ø·Ø Ø§ÙÙ
Ùتب جÙÙÙ
(<abbr
title=\"GNU Network Object Model "
-"Environment\">GNOME</abbr>)Ø ÙÙ
شرÙع ÙارÙ
ÙÙÙ (Harmony)Ø
ÙاÙت٠Ùتجت جÙ
ÙعÙا Ù
Ù "
-"اÙرغبة ÙÙ Ø٠اÙÙ
شاÙ٠اÙت٠تسببÙا Ù
Ùتبات
برÙ
جÙØ© اØتÙارÙØ© Ù
عÙÙØ© (اÙظر أدÙاÙ). "
-"ÙØ٠اﻵ٠ÙÙÙÙ
بتطÙÙر برÙاÙ
ج جÙÙ ÙØÙ
اÙØ©
اÙخصÙصÙØ© (GNU Privacy Guard) ÙÙÙ ÙØÙ "
-"Ù
ØÙ ÙظÙر٠Ù
٠براÙ
ج اÙتشÙÙر اﻻØتÙارÙØ©Ø ï»¹ÙÙ
اÙÙا بأ٠اÙÙ
ستخدÙ
ÙÙ ï»» Ùجب Ø£Ù ÙتÙ
"
-"تخÙÙرÙÙ
بÙ٠خصÙصÙتÙÙ
ÙØرÙتÙÙ
."
-
-#. type: Content of: <div><p>
-msgid ""
-"Of course, the people writing these programs became interested in the work, "
-"and many features were added to them by various people for the sake of their "
-"own needs and interests. But that is not why the programs exist."
-msgstr ""
-"باÙØ·Ø¨Ø¹Ø Ùإ٠اÙÙ
برÙ
جÙ٠اÙÙ
سئÙÙÙ٠ع٠Ùتابة
Ùذ٠اÙبراÙ
ج أصبØÙا Ù
ÙتÙ
Ù٠باÙعÙ
ÙØ "
-"ÙÙ
Ù Ø«Ù
تÙ
ت إضاÙØ© اÙÙØ«Ùر Ù
٠اÙخصائص Ù
Ù ÙبÙ
أشخاص آخرÙÙØ ÙخدÙ
Ø© أغراضÙÙ
"
-"ÙاÙتÙ
اÙ
اتÙÙ
. إﻻ Ø£Ù Ùذا ÙÙس اÙسبب اÙØ°Ù
ÙÙتÙبÙت Ùذ٠اÙبراÙ
ج Ù
٠أجÙÙ Ù٠اÙÙ
ÙاÙ
"
-"اﻷÙÙ."
-
-#. type: Content of: <div><h3>
-msgid "Unexpected developments"
-msgstr "تطÙرات غÙر Ù
تÙÙعة"
-
-#. type: Content of: <div><p>
-msgid ""
-"At the beginning of the GNU Project, I imagined that we would develop the "
-"whole GNU system, then release it as a whole. That is not how it happened."
-msgstr ""
-"Ù٠بداÙØ© إطÙا٠Ù
شرÙع جÙÙØ ÙÙت أتخÙ٠أÙÙا
سÙÙÙÙ
بتطÙÙر ÙظاÙ
جÙÙ ÙÙ ÙÙÙتÙØ ÙÙ
Ù "
-"Ø«Ù
سÙÙÙÙ
بإطÙا٠اÙÙظاÙ
Ù
تÙاÙ
Ùا٠ÙÙÙ
ستخدÙ
ÙÙØ Ø¥ï»» أ٠اﻷÙ
ر ÙÙ
ÙتÙ
عÙÙ Ùذا اÙÙسÙ."
-
-#. type: Content of: <div><p>
-msgid ""
-"Since each component of the GNU system was implemented on a Unix system, "
-"each component could run on Unix systems long before a complete GNU system "
-"existed. Some of these programs became popular, and users began extending "
-"them and porting them—to the various incompatible versions of Unix, "
-"and sometimes to other systems as well."
-msgstr ""
-"بÙ
ا أ٠جÙ
Ùع Ù
ÙÙÙات ÙظاÙ
جÙ٠تÙ
تطÙÙرÙا عÙÙ
ÙظاÙ
ÙÙÙÙØ³Ø Ùإ٠جÙ
Ùع Ùذ٠اÙÙ
ÙÙÙات "
-"ÙاÙت تعÙ
٠عÙ٠أÙظÙ
Ø© تشغÙÙ ÙÙÙÙس Ùب٠أ٠ÙÙتÙ
Ù ÙظاÙ
جÙ٠بÙترة Ø·ÙÙÙØ©. بعض ÙØ°Ù "
-"اÙبراÙ
ج Ø£ØµØ¨Ø Ù
Ø´ÙÙراÙØ Ùبدأ اÙÙ
ستخدÙ
ÙÙ ÙÙ
تÙسÙع اÙبراÙ
ج ÙترÙÙتÙا ÙتعÙ
٠عÙÙ "
-"Ø£ÙظÙ
Ø© تشغÙ٠أخرٗÙ
ث٠أÙظÙ
Ø© ÙÙÙÙس اÙÙ
ختÙÙØ© ÙاÙت٠ÙÙ
تÙ٠تتÙاÙÙ Ù
ع "
-"بعضÙØ§Ø Ø¨Ø§ï»¹Ø¶Ø§ÙØ© Ùبعض Ø£ÙظÙ
Ø© اÙتشغÙ٠اﻷخرÙ."
-
-#. type: Content of: <div><p>
-msgid ""
-"The process made these programs much more powerful, and attracted both funds "
-"and contributors to the GNU Project. But it probably also delayed "
-"completion of a minimal working system by several years, as GNU developers' "
-"time was put into maintaining these ports and adding features to the "
-"existing components, rather than moving on to write one missing component "
-"after another."
-msgstr ""
-"Ùذ٠اÙعÙ
ÙÙØ© جعÙت بعض اÙبراÙ
ج Ø£ÙÙÙ Ù
Ù
ا
ÙاÙØªØ ÙÙ
ا Ø£ÙÙا اجتذبت اÙتÙ
ÙÙÙ "
-"ÙاÙÙ
تطÙعÙÙ ÙÙ
شرÙع جÙÙ. Ù
٠اÙÙاØÙØ© اﻷخرÙØ
ÙØ¥Ù Ùذا Ùد أد٠ÙتأخÙر اÙتÙ
ا٠ÙظاÙ
"
-"اÙتشغÙÙ ÙÙ ÙÙÙتÙØ ï»·Ù Ù
Ø·Ùر٠جÙ٠أصبØÙا
ÙÙضÙÙ ÙÙتÙÙ
Ù٠صÙاÙØ© Ùسخ اÙبراÙ
ج "
-"اÙÙ
ختÙÙØ©Ø ÙإضاÙØ© Ù
Ùزات جدÙدة ÙÙذ٠اÙبراÙ
Ø¬Ø Ø¹Ùضا٠ع٠اﻻÙتÙ
اÙ
بÙتابة اﻷجزاء "
-"اÙÙاÙصة Ù
٠اÙÙظاÙ
."
-
-#. type: Content of: <div><h3>
-msgid "The GNU Hurd"
-msgstr "ÙÙاة ÙÙرد (The GNU Hurd)"
-
-#. type: Content of: <div><p>
-msgid ""
-"By 1990, the GNU system was almost complete; the only major missing "
-"component was the kernel. We had decided to implement our kernel as a "
-"collection of server processes running on top of Mach. Mach is a "
-"microkernel developed at Carnegie Mellon University and then at the "
-"University of Utah; the GNU Hurd is a collection of servers (i.e., a herd of "
-"GNUs) that run on top of Mach, and do the various jobs of the Unix kernel. "
-"The start of development was delayed as we waited for Mach to be released as "
-"free software, as had been promised."
-msgstr ""
-"بØÙÙ٠عاÙ
1990Ù
Ø Ùا٠ÙظاÙ
جÙÙ Ùد شار٠عÙÙ
اﻻÙتÙ
اÙØ Ø¨Ø§Ø³ØªØ«Ùاء اÙجزء اÙÙ
ÙÙÙØ¯Ø "
-"ÙاÙØ°Ù Ùا٠ÙÙاة اÙÙظاÙ
. ÙÙا Ùد ÙررÙا تطÙÙر
ÙÙاة اÙÙظاÙ
اÙخاصة بÙا ÙÙ
جÙ
Ùعة Ù
Ù "
-"اÙعÙ
ÙÙات اÙخدÙ
ÙØ© (server processes) اÙت٠تعÙ
٠عÙÙ
رأس ÙÙاة Ù
ا٠(Mach). ÙÙاة "
-"Ù
ا٠اÙÙ
صغرة (microkernel) ÙÙ ÙÙاة ÙظاÙ
تÙ
تطÙÙرÙا Ù٠جاÙ
عة ÙارÙÙج٠Ù
ÙÙÙÙ "
-"(Carnegie Mellon University) بداÙØ©ÙØ Ù
Ù Ø«Ù
Ù٠جاÙ
عة
ÙÙتا٠(University of "
-"Utah). ÙÙاة ÙÙرد ÙÙ Ù
جÙ
Ùعة Ù
٠اÙÙ
خدÙÙ
ات (ÙÙ
Ù
Ø«Ù
جاء اﻻسÙ
Ø Ø£Ù Ø£Ù ÙÙرد Ù
عÙاÙا "
-"باﻻÙجÙÙزÙØ© اÙÙØ·Ùع) ÙاÙت٠ستعÙ
٠عÙ٠رأس
ÙÙاة Ù
اÙØ ØÙØ« ستÙÙÙ
بعÙ
Ù ÙاÙØ© اÙÙظائ٠"
-"اÙت٠تÙÙÙ
بÙا ÙÙاة ÙظاÙ
ÙÙÙÙس. تأخر تطÙÙر
ÙÙاة ÙÙرد ï»·ÙÙا ÙÙا ÙÙتظر إطÙا٠"
-"ÙÙاة Ù
ا٠ÙبرÙ
جÙØ© ØØ±Ø©Ø ÙØ°Ù٠اÙشئ اÙØ°Ù ÙÙا
Ùد ÙÙعدÙا بÙ."
-
-#. type: Content of: <div><p>
-msgid ""
-"One reason for choosing this design was to avoid what seemed to be the "
-"hardest part of the job: debugging a kernel program without a source-level "
-"debugger to do it with. This part of the job had been done already, in "
-"Mach, and we expected to debug the Hurd servers as user programs, with GDB. "
-"But it took a long time to make that possible, and the multithreaded servers "
-"that send messages to each other have turned out to be very hard to debug. "
-"Making the Hurd work solidly has stretched on for many years."
-msgstr ""
-"Ù
٠أسباب اختÙارÙا ÙÙذا اÙتصÙ
ÙÙ
ÙÙ Ù
ØاÙÙØ©
تÙاÙ٠اÙجزء اﻷصعب Ù
٠اÙÙ
ÙÙ
Ø©: ÙÙÙ "
-"Ù
ØاÙÙØ© تصØÙØ Ø£Ø®Ø·Ø§Ø¡ ÙÙاة اÙÙظاÙ
Ø Ø¨Ø¯Ù٠أÙ
ÙÙÙÙ ÙدÙÙا Ù
ÙصØÙÙØ Ùادر عÙ٠اÙتصØÙØ Ø¹ÙÙ "
-"Ù
ستÙÙ Ø´Ùرة اÙÙ
صدر. Ùذ٠اÙÙ
ÙÙ
Ø© ÙاÙت Ùد اÙتÙ
Ùت باÙÙع٠ÙÙ ÙÙاة Ù
اÙØ ÙعÙÙÙ ÙÙد "
-"ÙÙا ÙتÙÙع Ø£ÙÙا سÙÙÙÙ
بتصØÙØ Ø£Ø®Ø·Ø§Ø¡ ÙÙاة
ÙÙرد باعتبارÙا براÙ
ج Ù
ستخدÙ
عادÙØ©Ø "
-"ÙØ°Ù٠باستخداÙ
Ù
ÙصØÙØ Ø´Ùرة جÙÙ (GDB). Ù
٠اÙÙ
ؤس٠أ٠اﻷÙ
ر استغر٠ÙÙتا٠طÙÙÙا٠"
-"ÙÙغاÙØ©Ø ÙÙ
ا أ٠اÙÙ
خدÙÙ
ات Ù
تعددة اÙÙظائÙ
(multithreaded servers)Ø ÙاÙت٠تتÙاص٠"
-"Ù
ع بعضÙا اÙبعض باستخداÙ
اÙرسائÙØ Ø§ØªØ¶Ø
Ø£ÙÙا صعبة اÙتصØÙØ. اÙÙتÙجة أ٠اﻷÙ
ر "
-"استغر٠أعÙاÙ
ا٠طÙÙÙØ© Ùتص٠ÙÙاة ÙÙرد ÙÙ
رØÙØ© اÙÙضÙج."
-
-#. type: Content of: <div><h3>
-msgid "Alix"
-msgstr "Ø£ÙÙÙس"
-
-#. type: Content of: <div><p>
-msgid ""
-"The GNU kernel was not originally supposed to be called the Hurd. Its "
-"original name was Alix—named after the woman who was my sweetheart at "
-"the time. She, a Unix system administrator, had pointed out how her name "
-"would fit a common naming pattern for Unix system versions; as a joke, she "
-"told her friends, “Someone should name a kernel after me.” I "
-"said nothing, but decided to surprise her with a kernel named Alix."
-msgstr ""
-"ÙÙ
ÙÙÙ Ù
٠اÙÙ
Ùترض بداÙة٠أ٠تÙسÙ
Ù ÙÙاة جÙÙ
باسÙ
ÙÙرد. اﻻسÙ
اﻷصÙÙ Ùا٠"
-"Ø£ÙÙÙس—ÙÙ٠اسÙ
اÙÙ
رأة اÙت٠ÙاÙت ØبÙبتÙ
ÙÙ Ø°Ù٠اÙÙÙت. ÙاÙت Ø£ÙÙÙس Ù
دÙرة "
-"ÙظاÙ
ÙÙÙÙس (system administrator)Ø ÙÙاÙت Ùد أشارت Ù
Ù
Ùب٠ﻷ٠اسÙ
Ùا سÙتÙاÙÙ Ù
ع "
-"ÙÙ
Ø· اÙتسÙ
ÙØ© اÙÙ
تبع عÙ٠أÙظÙ
Ø© ÙÙÙÙس. ÙعÙÙ
سبÙ٠اÙÙ
زاØØ Ø£Ø®Ø¨Ø±Øª Ø£ÙÙÙس صاØباتÙا "
-"بأÙÙ “ÙÙبغ٠أ٠ÙÙÙÙ
شخص Ù
ا بتسÙ
ÙØ© ÙÙاة
ÙظاÙ
باسÙ
Ù.” ÙÙ
أعÙ٠أÙا "
-"Ø¨Ø´Ø¦Ø ÙÙÙÙÙÙ Ùررت أ٠أÙاجئÙا بÙÙاة ÙظاÙ
Ù
سÙ
اة باسÙ
Ø£ÙÙÙس."
-
-#. type: Content of: <div><p>
-msgid ""
-"It did not stay that way. Michael (now Thomas) Bushnell, the main developer "
-"of the kernel, preferred the name Hurd, and redefined Alix to refer to a "
-"certain part of the kernel—the part that would trap system calls and "
-"handle them by sending messages to Hurd servers."
-msgstr ""
-"ÙÙ
ÙستÙ
ر اﻷÙ
ر عÙÙ Ùذ٠اÙطرÙÙØ©Ø ï»·Ù Ù
اÙÙÙ
بÙØ´ÙÙÙ (ÙاÙØ°Ù Ùعر٠اﻵ٠باسÙ
تÙÙ
اس)Ø "
-"ÙÙ٠اÙÙ
Ø·Ùر اÙرئÙس٠ÙÙÙÙØ§Ø©Ø ÙضÙ٠اسÙ
ÙÙردØ
ÙÙ
ا Ø£Ù٠أعاد تعرÙ٠أÙÙÙس ÙترÙ
ز Ø¥ÙÙ "
-"جزء Ù
عÙÙ Ù
٠اÙÙÙاة—ÙÙ٠اÙجزء اÙØ°Ù
ÙستÙب٠استدعاءات اÙÙظاÙ
(system "
-"calls) ÙÙ
Ù Ø«Ù
ÙÙÙÙ
بÙ
عاÙجتÙا عبر إرساÙ
اÙرسائ٠ÙÙ
خدÙÙ
ات ÙÙرد."
-
-#. type: Content of: <div><p>
-msgid ""
-"Later, Alix and I broke up, and she changed her name; independently, the "
-"Hurd design was changed so that the C library would send messages directly "
-"to servers, and this made the Alix component disappear from the design."
-msgstr ""
-"ÙاØÙاÙØ Ø§ÙÙصÙت ع٠أÙÙÙØ³Ø ÙÙاÙ
ت Ù٠بتغÙÙر
اسÙ
Ùا. Ù
Ù ÙاØÙØ© أخرÙØ Ùا٠تصÙ
ÙÙ
ÙÙرد "
-"Ùد تغÙر بØÙØ« صارت Ù
Ùتبة Ùغة س٠ترسÙ
اÙرسائ٠Ù
باشرة ÙÙÙ
خدÙÙ
Ø§ØªØ ÙÙذا Ù
ا جع٠"
-"اÙجزء اÙÙ
سÙ
٠أÙÙÙس ÙتÙ
Ø¥Ùغاؤ٠ÙÙختÙÙ Ù
Ù
ÙÙاة اÙÙظاÙ
."
-
-#. type: Content of: <div><p>
-msgid ""
-"But before these things happened, a friend of hers came across the name Alix "
-"in the Hurd source code, and mentioned it to her. So she did have the "
-"chance to find a kernel named after her."
-msgstr ""
-"ÙÙÙÙ Ùب٠أ٠تØدث جÙ
Ùع Ùذ٠اÙتغÙÙØ±Ø§ØªØ ÙاÙ
Ø£Øد أصدÙائÙا Ùد رأ٠اسÙ
Ø£ÙÙÙس ØÙÙÙ
ا "
-"Ùا٠ÙطاÙع Ø´Ùرة اÙÙ
صدر اÙخاصة بÙÙاة ÙÙردØ
ÙÙ
Ù Ø«Ù
Ø°Ùر اﻷÙ
ر ÙÙا. ÙÙÙذا تسÙÙ ÙÙا "
-"أ٠تر٠ÙÙاة ÙظاÙ
Ù
سÙ
اة باسÙ
Ùا."
-
-#. type: Content of: <div><h3>
-msgid "Linux and GNU/Linux"
-msgstr "ÙÙÙÙس ÙجÙÙ/ÙÙÙÙس"
-
-#. type: Content of: <div><p>
-msgid ""
-"The GNU Hurd is not suitable for production use, and we don't know if it "
-"ever will be. The capability-based design has problems that result directly "
-"from the flexibility of the design, and it is not clear whether solutions "
-"exist."
-msgstr ""
-"ï»» زاÙت ÙÙاة ÙÙرد غÙر صاÙØØ© ÙÙاستخداÙ
اÙعÙ
ÙÙØ Ùï»» ÙعÙÙ
Ø¥Ù ÙاÙت ستص٠ÙØ°Ù "
-"اÙÙ
رØÙØ© عÙ٠اﻹطÙاÙ. إ٠اÙتصÙ
ÙÙ
اÙÙائÙ
عÙÙ
اÙÙدرات ب٠Ù
شاÙÙ Ùاتجة ع٠Ù
رÙÙØ© "
-"اÙتصÙ
ÙÙ
ÙÙسÙØ Ùï»» Ùبد٠أ٠ÙÙاÙÙ ØÙÙÙاÙ
ÙÙذ٠اÙÙ
شاÙÙ Ù٠اÙÙÙت اÙØاÙÙ."
-
-#. type: Content of: <div><p>
-msgid ""
-"Fortunately, another kernel is available. In 1991, Linus Torvalds developed "
-"a Unix-compatible kernel and called it Linux. It was proprietary at first, "
-"but in 1992, he made it free software; combining Linux with the not-quite-"
-"complete GNU system resulted in a complete free operating system. "
-"(Combining them was a substantial job in itself, of course.) It is due to "
-"Linux that we can actually run a version of the GNU system today."
-msgstr ""
-"ÙØس٠اÙØØ¸Ø ÙÙا٠ÙÙاة ÙظاÙ
أخر٠Ù
تÙÙرة. ÙÙ
اÙعاÙ
1991Ù
ÙاÙ
ÙÙÙÙس تÙرÙاÙدس "
-"(Linus Torvalds) بتطÙÙر ÙÙاة ÙظاÙ
Ù
تÙاÙÙØ© Ù
ع
ÙÙÙÙØ³Ø ÙأطÙ٠عÙÙÙا اسÙ
ÙÙÙÙس "
-"(Linux). Ù٠اÙبداÙØ© ÙاÙت اÙÙÙاة اØتÙارÙØ©Ø
ÙÙÙÙ Ù٠اÙعاÙ
1992Ù
ÙاÙ
ÙÙÙÙس "
-"بترخÙصÙا ÙبرÙ
جÙØ© Øرة. عÙ
ÙÙØ© دÙ
ج ÙÙاة ÙÙÙÙس
Ù
ع ÙظاÙ
جÙ٠غÙر اÙÙ
ÙتÙ
Ù Ùتج عÙÙا "
-"ÙظاÙ
تشغÙÙ Øر Ù
تÙاÙ
Ù. (عÙ
ÙÙØ© اÙدÙ
ج ÙÙسÙا
ÙاÙت عÙ
ÙÙØ© ÙبÙرة بطبÙعة اÙØاÙ). Ø¥Ù "
-"اÙÙض٠ÙعÙد ÙÙÙاة ÙÙÙÙس ÙتÙ
ÙÙÙا Ù
٠استخداÙ
Ùسخة Ù
تÙاÙ
ÙØ© Ù
Ù ÙظاÙ
جÙ٠اÙÙÙÙ
."
-
-#. type: Content of: <div><p>
-# | We call this system version <a href=\"/gnu/linux-and-gnu.html\">
-# | GNU/Linux</a>, to express its composition as a combination of the GNU
-# | system with Linux as the kernel. Please don't fall into the practice of
-# | calling the whole system [-“Linux”,-] {+“Linux,”+}
-# | since that means attributing our work to someone else. Please <a
-# | href=\"/gnu/gnu-linux-faq.html\"> give us equal mention</a>.
-#, fuzzy
-#| msgid ""
-#| "We call this system version <a href=\"/gnu/linux-and-gnu.html\"> GNU/"
-#| "Linux</a>, to express its composition as a combination of the GNU system "
-#| "with Linux as the kernel. Please don't fall into the practice of calling "
-#| "the whole system “Linux”, since that means attributing our "
-#| "work to someone else. Please <a href=\"/gnu/gnu-linux-faq.html\"> give "
-#| "us equal mention</a>."
-msgid ""
-"We call this system version <a href=\"/gnu/linux-and-gnu.html\"> GNU/Linux</"
-"a>, to express its composition as a combination of the GNU system with Linux "
-"as the kernel. Please don't fall into the practice of calling the whole "
-"system “Linux,” since that means attributing our work to someone "
-"else. Please <a href=\"/gnu/gnu-linux-faq.html\"> give us equal mention</a>."
-msgstr ""
-"Ùذ٠اÙÙسخة ÙسÙ
ÙÙا <a
href=\"/gnu/linux-and-gnu.html\">جÙÙ/ÙÙÙÙس (GNU/Linux)</"
-"a>Ø ÙØ°ÙÙ ÙÙÙ ÙÙØ¶Ø Ø£Ù Ø§ÙÙسخة عبارة ع٠Ù
زÙج
ÙتÙÙÙ Ù
Ù ÙظاÙ
جÙÙØ Ø¨Ø§Ø³ØªØ®Ø¯Ø§Ù
ÙÙÙÙس "
-"ÙÙÙاة اÙÙظاÙ
. أرج٠Ù
٠اÙÙارئ أﻻ ÙÙع ÙÙ
اÙخطأ اÙشائع ÙÙÙÙÙ
بتسÙ
ÙØ© اÙÙظاÙ
"
-"“ÙÙÙÙس”Ø ï»·Ù Ùذا ÙعÙÙ Ùسب عÙ
ÙÙا Ùشخص
آخر. أرج٠Ù
٠اÙجÙ
Ùع Ø£Ù <a "
-"href=\"/gnu/gnu-linux-faq.html\">ÙÙسبÙا Ø¥ÙÙÙا Ùض٠أعÙ
اÙÙا</a>."
-
-#. type: Content of: <div><h3>
-msgid "Challenges in our future"
-msgstr "اÙتØدÙات اÙÙادÙ
Ø©"
-
-#. type: Content of: <div><p>
-msgid ""
-"We have proved our ability to develop a broad spectrum of free software. "
-"This does not mean we are invincible and unstoppable. Several challenges "
-"make the future of free software uncertain; meeting them will require "
-"steadfast effort and endurance, sometimes lasting for years. It will "
-"require the kind of determination that people display when they value their "
-"freedom and will not let anyone take it away."
-msgstr ""
-"ÙÙد برÙÙÙا عÙÙ Ù
ÙدرتÙا عÙ٠تطÙÙر Ù
جÙ
Ùعة Ù
ختÙÙØ© Ù
٠اÙبرÙ
جÙات اÙØØ±Ø©Ø ÙÙÙÙ Ùذا ï»» "
-"ÙعÙ٠أÙÙا ï»» ÙÙÙر أ٠أÙÙا Ùصعب Ø¥ÙÙاÙÙا.
ÙÙاÙ٠اÙعدÙد Ù
٠اÙتØدÙات اÙت٠تجع٠"
-"Ù
ستÙب٠اÙبرÙ
جÙات اÙØرة غÙر ÙØ§Ø¶Ø Ø§ÙÙ
عاÙÙ
Ø Ù
ÙاجÙØ© Ùذ٠اÙتØدÙات ستØتاج Ù
Ùا Ùبذ٠"
-"Ù
جÙÙد Ù
تÙاص٠ÙÙتطÙÙر Ùدرة عÙ٠اÙتØÙ
Ù Ùد تÙ
تد ÙسÙÙات Ù
تÙاصÙØ©. ستØتاج Ù
Ùا "
-"تصÙ
ÙÙ
ا٠Ù
٠اÙÙÙع اÙØ°Ù ÙظÙر ØÙÙÙ
ا ÙÙدر
اÙÙاس ØرÙتÙÙ
ÙÙصرÙا عÙ٠أﻻ ÙسÙ
ØÙا ÙÙائ٠"
-"Ù
Ù Ùا٠بأ٠ÙجردÙÙ
Ù
ÙÙا."
-
-#. type: Content of: <div><p>
-msgid "The following four sections discuss these challenges."
-msgstr "اﻷجزاء اﻷربعة اÙÙادÙ
Ø© ستÙاÙØ´ ÙØ°Ù
اÙتØدÙات باÙتÙصÙÙ."
-
-#. type: Content of: <div><h4>
-msgid "Secret hardware"
-msgstr "Ù
ÙاصÙات اÙعتاد اÙسرÙØ©"
-
-#. type: Content of: <div><p>
-msgid ""
-"Hardware manufacturers increasingly tend to keep hardware specifications "
-"secret. This makes it difficult to write free drivers so that Linux and "
-"XFree86 can support new hardware. We have complete free systems today, but "
-"we will not have them tomorrow if we cannot support tomorrow's computers."
-msgstr ""
-"Ù
صÙع٠اÙعتاد ÙÙ
ÙÙÙ٠بÙثرة ï»·Ù ÙØاÙظÙا عÙÙ
سرÙØ© Ù
ÙاصÙات عتادÙÙ
Ø Ùذا اﻷÙ
ر Ùجع٠"
-"Ù
٠اÙصعب Ùتابة Ù
ØرÙات Øرة تتÙØ ÙÙÙاة ÙÙÙÙس
ÙÙÙظاÙ
عرض Ø¥Ùس (XFree86) أ٠تدعÙ
"
-"اÙعتاد اÙجدÙد. ÙدÙÙا Ø£ÙظÙ
Ø© Øرة بÙاÙ
ÙÙا
اÙÙÙÙ
Ø ÙÙÙÙÙا سÙÙÙدÙا غدا٠إ٠ÙÙ
ÙتÙ
ÙÙ "
-"Ù
٠دعÙ
ØÙاسÙب اÙغد."
-
-#. type: Content of: <div><p>
-msgid ""
-"There are two ways to cope with this problem. Programmers can do reverse "
-"engineering to figure out how to support the hardware. The rest of us can "
-"choose the hardware that is supported by free software; as our numbers "
-"increase, secrecy of specifications will become a self-defeating policy."
-msgstr ""
-"ÙÙا٠طرÙÙتا٠ÙÙتعاÙ
Ù Ù
ع Ùذ٠اÙÙ
Ø´ÙÙØ©. ÙÙ
ÙÙ
ÙÙÙ
برÙ
جÙ٠أ٠ÙÙÙÙ
Ùا بعÙ
ÙÙØ© اÙÙÙدسة "
-"اÙعÙسÙØ© Øت٠ÙتÙ
ÙÙÙا Ù
Ù Ù
عرÙØ© ÙÙÙ ÙÙ
ÙÙÙا
دعÙ
اÙعتاد اÙÙ
عÙÙ. بÙÙتÙا ÙÙ
Ù٠أ٠"
-"ÙختارÙا استخداÙ
اÙعتاد اÙÙ
دعÙÙ
باÙبرÙ
جÙات اÙØرة. طاÙÙ
ا أ٠أعدادÙا Ù
ستÙ
رة ÙÙ "
-"اÙتزاÙد Ùإ٠سرÙØ© اÙÙ
ÙاصÙات سÙÙتÙ٠بÙا اﻷÙ
ر Ø£Ù ØªØµØ¨Ø Ø³Ùاسة دØر ذاتÙ."
-
-#. type: Content of: <div><p>
-# | Reverse engineering is a big job; will we have programmers with sufficient
-# | determination to undertake it? Yes—if we have built up a strong
-# | feeling that free software is a matter of principle, and nonfree drivers
-# | are intolerable. And will large numbers of us spend extra money, or even
-# | a little extra time, so we can use free drivers? Yes, if the determination
-# | to have freedom is [-widespread.-] {+widespread <a
-# | href=\"#ft8\">[8]</a>.+}
-#, fuzzy
-#| msgid ""
-#| "Reverse engineering is a big job; will we have programmers with "
-#| "sufficient determination to undertake it? Yes—if we have built up a "
-#| "strong feeling that free software is a matter of principle, and nonfree "
-#| "drivers are intolerable. And will large numbers of us spend extra money, "
-#| "or even a little extra time, so we can use free drivers? Yes, if the "
-#| "determination to have freedom is widespread."
-msgid ""
-"Reverse engineering is a big job; will we have programmers with sufficient "
-"determination to undertake it? Yes—if we have built up a strong "
-"feeling that free software is a matter of principle, and nonfree drivers are "
-"intolerable. And will large numbers of us spend extra money, or even a "
-"little extra time, so we can use free drivers? Yes, if the determination to "
-"have freedom is widespread <a href=\"#ft8\">[8]</a>."
-msgstr ""
-"ÙÙÙ٠اÙÙÙدسة اÙعÙسÙØ© Ù
ÙÙ
Ø© صعبة. Ù٠سÙÙÙÙ
ÙدÙÙا Ù
برÙ
جÙÙ ÙÙÙ
Ùدرة ÙعزÙ
"
-"ÙÙتÙ
ÙÙÙا Ù
٠إÙÙ
ا٠اÙÙ
ÙÙ
Ø©Ø Ø¨Ø§ÙتأÙÙد—ÙÙØ·
إذا تÙ
ÙÙا Ù
٠بÙاء شعÙر ÙÙ٠بأ٠"
-"ØرÙØ© اÙبرÙ
جÙات ÙÙ Ù
سأÙØ© Ù
Ø¨Ø¯Ø£Ø Ùأ٠اÙÙ
ØرÙات اﻻØتÙارÙØ© Ù٠أÙ
ر غÙر Ù
ÙبÙ٠عÙÙ "
-"اﻹطÙاÙ. إذا٠Ù٠سÙÙÙÙ
أغÙبÙا ببذ٠اÙÙ
اÙØ
أ٠اÙÙÙÙÙ Ù
٠اÙزÙ
ÙØ Øت٠ÙتÙ
Ù٠جÙ
Ùعا٠"
-"Ù
٠استخداÙ
اÙÙ
ØرÙات اÙØØ±Ø©Ø Ø¨Ø§ÙتأÙÙØ¯Ø Ø¥Ø°Ø§
Ùا٠اﻹصرار عÙÙ ÙÙ٠اÙØرÙØ© شعÙرا٠"
-"عاÙ
اÙ."
-
-#. type: Content of: <div><h4>
-msgid "Nonfree libraries"
-msgstr "اÙÙ
Ùتبات اÙبرÙ
جÙØ© غÙر اÙØرة"
-
-#. type: Content of: <div><p>
-msgid ""
-"A nonfree library that runs on free operating systems acts as a trap for "
-"free software developers. The library's attractive features are the bait; "
-"if you use the library, you fall into the trap, because your program cannot "
-"usefully be part of a free operating system. (Strictly speaking, we could "
-"include your program, but it won't <em>run</em> with the library missing.) "
-"Even worse, if a program that uses the proprietary library becomes popular, "
-"it can lure other unsuspecting programmers into the trap."
-msgstr ""
-"اÙÙ
Ùتبات اÙبرÙ
جÙØ© غÙر اÙØرة ÙاÙت٠تÙستخدÙ
عÙ٠أÙظÙ
Ø© اÙتشغÙ٠اÙØرة تعÙ
Ù Ùشر٠"
-"ﻻصطÙاد Ù
Ø·Ùر٠اÙبرÙ
جÙات اÙØرة. ÙÙ ÙØ°Ù
اÙØاÙØ©Ø ØªØ¹Ù
٠خصائص اÙÙ
Ùتبة اÙجذابة "
-"ÙطعÙ
Ø Ø¨ØÙØ« Ø£Ù٠إذا ÙÙ
ت باستعÙ
ا٠اÙÙ
ÙتبةØ
عÙدÙا تÙÙÙ ÙÙعت Ù٠اÙشرÙØ ï»·Ù "
-"برÙاÙ
ج٠عÙدÙا ÙÙ ÙØµØ¨Ø Ø¬Ø²Ø¡Ø§Ù Ù
٠أÙظÙ
Ø©
اÙتشغÙ٠اÙØرة. (بصÙرة أدÙØ ÙÙ
ÙÙÙا Ø£Ù "
-"Ùدرج برÙاÙ
ج٠Ù٠اÙÙظاÙ
Ø ÙÙÙ٠اÙبرÙاÙ
ج ÙÙ
ÙتÙ
ÙÙ <em>Ù
٠اÙعÙ
Ù</em> Ù٠غÙاب "
-"اÙÙ
Ùتبة اÙÙ
عÙÙØ©). اﻷسÙØ£ Ù
Ù Ùذا ØÙÙÙ
ا ÙصبØ
اÙبرÙاÙ
ج اÙØ°Ù ÙستخدÙ
اÙÙ
Ùتبة "
-"اﻻØتÙارÙØ© Ù
Ø´ÙÙراÙØ ØÙÙÙا سÙÙÙÙ
Ùذا
اÙبرÙاÙ
ج بإغراء اÙÙ
برÙ
جÙ٠اﻵخرÙÙ ÙÙÙعÙا
ÙÙ "
-"ÙÙس اÙشرÙ."
-
-#. type: Content of: <div><p>
-msgid ""
-"The first instance of this problem was the Motif toolkit, back in the 80s. "
-"Although there were as yet no free operating systems, it was clear what "
-"problem Motif would cause for them later on. The GNU Project responded in "
-"two ways: by asking individual free software projects to support the free X "
-"Toolkit widgets as well as Motif, and by asking for someone to write a free "
-"replacement for Motif. The job took many years; LessTif, developed by the "
-"Hungry Programmers, became powerful enough to support most Motif "
-"applications only in 1997."
-msgstr ""
-"Ø£ÙÙ Ù
ثا٠ÙÙذ٠اÙÙ
Ø´ÙÙØ© Ùا٠Ù٠اÙØ«Ù
اÙÙÙÙاتØ
Ù
ع Ù
جÙ
Ùعة أدÙات Ù
ÙتÙÙ (Motif). رغÙ
"
-"Ø£ÙÙ ÙÙ
ÙÙÙ ÙÙا٠أÙظÙ
Ø© تشغÙÙ Øرة ÙÙ Ø°ÙÙ
اÙÙÙØªØ Ø¥ï»» Ø£ÙÙ Ùا٠Ù
٠اÙÙØ§Ø¶Ø ØجÙ
"
-"اÙÙ
Ø´ÙÙØ© اÙت٠ستسببÙا Ù
ÙتÙÙ ÙÙØ£ÙظÙ
Ø© اÙØرة
ÙÙÙ
ا بعد. Ùا٠رد Ù
شرÙع جÙ٠عÙÙ "
-"Ù
ستÙÙÙÙ: باÙØ·Ùب Ù
Ù Ù
شارÙع اÙبرÙ
جÙات اÙØرة
اÙÙ
ÙÙردة أ٠تدعÙ
Ù
جÙ
Ùعة أدÙات Ø¥Ùس "
-"اÙØرة (X Toolkit) باﻹضاÙØ© ÙدعÙ
Ùا ÙÙ
ÙتÙÙØ
ÙباÙØ·Ùب Ù
٠بعضÙÙ
Ø£Ù ÙÙÙÙ
Ùا بتطÙÙر "
-"بدÙÙ Øر ÙÙ
ÙتÙÙ. Ùذ٠اÙÙ
ÙÙ
Ø© استغرÙت اÙعدÙد Ù
٠اÙسÙÙØ§ØªØ Ø¥ï»» Ø£Ù ÙÙسÙ
ÙتÙÙ "
-"(LessTif)Ø Ø§ÙÙ
Ø·Ùر Ù
Ù Ùب٠Ù
جÙ
Ùعة اÙÙ
برÙ
جÙÙ
اÙتÙاÙÙÙ (Hungry Programmers) صار "
-"Ù
٠اÙÙÙØ© بØÙØ« Ø£ØµØ¨Ø ÙدعÙ
أغÙبÙØ© تطبÙÙات Ù
ÙتÙ٠بØÙÙ٠عاÙ
1997Ù
."
-
-#. type: Content of: <div><p>
-msgid ""
-"Between 1996 and 1998, another nonfree <abbr title=\"Graphical User Interface"
-"\">GUI</abbr> toolkit library, called Qt, was used in a substantial "
-"collection of free software, the desktop <abbr title=\"K Desktop Environment"
-"\">KDE</abbr>."
-msgstr ""
-"بÙ٠عاÙ
Ù 1996Ù
Ù1998Ù
ظÙرت Ù
جÙ
Ùعة أدÙات غÙر
Øرة أخرÙØ ØªÙعÙÙ٠ببرÙ
جة اÙÙاجÙات "
-"اÙرسÙÙ
ÙØ© (<abbr title=\"Graphical User Interface\">GUI</abbr>).
Ùذ٠اÙÙ
جÙ
Ùعة "
-"سÙ
Ùت ÙÙÙت (Qt) ÙأصبØت تستخدÙ
ÙÙ Ù
جÙ
Ùعة Ù
Ùدرة
Ù
٠اÙبرÙ
جÙات اÙØØ±Ø©Ø Ø¨Ù
ا ÙÙÙا "
-"بÙئة Ø³Ø·Ø Ø§ÙÙ
Ùتب \"ÙÙÙ\" (<abbr title=\"K Desktop
Environment\">KDE</abbr>)."
-
-#. type: Content of: <div><p>
-msgid ""
-"Free GNU/Linux systems were unable to use KDE, because we could not use the "
-"library. However, some commercial distributors of GNU/Linux systems who "
-"were not strict about sticking with free software added KDE to their "
-"systems—producing a system with more capabilities, but less freedom. "
-"The KDE group was actively encouraging more programmers to use Qt, and "
-"millions of new “Linux users” had never been exposed to the idea "
-"that there was a problem in this. The situation appeared grim."
-msgstr ""
-"ÙÙ
ÙÙ٠باﻹÙ
Ùا٠استخداÙ
بÙئة ÙÙÙ (KDE) عÙÙ
Ø£ÙظÙ
Ø© جÙÙ/ÙÙÙÙس اÙØØ±Ø©Ø ÙØ°ÙÙ ï»·ÙÙا "
-"ÙÙ
ÙÙÙ ÙستطÙع استخداÙ
Ù
Ùتبة ÙÙÙت. إﻻ Ø£Ù
بعض إصدارات جÙÙ/ÙÙÙÙØ³Ø ÙاÙت٠ÙÙ
تÙÙ "
-"تÙ
اÙع استخداÙ
اÙبرÙ
جÙات غÙر اÙØØ±Ø©Ø ÙاÙ
ت
بإضاÙØ© بÙئة ÙÙ٠إÙ٠تÙ٠اﻷÙظÙ
Ø©—"
-"Ù
Ù
ا Ùتج عÙ٠أÙظÙ
Ø© ذات Ùدرات أعÙÙØ ÙÙÙÙÙا
ذات ØرÙØ© Ø£ÙÙ. Ù
جÙ
Ùعة بÙئة ÙÙÙ ÙاÙت "
-"تشجع اÙÙ
برÙ
جÙ٠بÙÙØ© ÙÙÙ ÙستخدÙ
Ùا Ù
Ùتبة
ÙÙÙØªØ Ù
Ù
ا Ùتج عÙ٠أ٠اÙÙ
ÙاÙÙÙ Ù
Ù "
-"“Ù
ستخدÙ
Ù ÙÙÙÙس” اÙØدÙØ«ÙÙ ÙÙ
ÙÙÙ
ÙدÙÙÙ
أدÙÙ ÙÙرة بØجÙ
ÙطبÙعة "
-"اÙÙ
Ø´ÙÙØ©. Ùا٠اÙÙضع Ùبد٠سÙئا٠ÙÙغاÙØ©."
-
-#. type: Content of: <div><p>
-msgid ""
-"The free software community responded to the problem in two ways: GNOME and "
-"Harmony."
-msgstr ""
-"استجاب Ù
جتÙ
ع اÙبرÙ
جÙات اÙØرة ÙÙذ٠اÙÙ
Ø´ÙÙØ©
بطرÙÙتÙÙ: بÙئة Ø³Ø·Ø Ù
Ùتب جÙÙÙ
"
-"(GNOME)Ø ÙÙ
شرÙع ÙارÙ
ÙÙÙ (Harmony)."
-
-#. type: Content of: <div><p>
-msgid ""
-"GNOME, the GNU Network Object Model Environment, is GNU's desktop project. "
-"Started in 1997 by Miguel de Icaza, and developed with the support of Red "
-"Hat Software, GNOME set out to provide similar desktop facilities, but using "
-"free software exclusively. It has technical advantages as well, such as "
-"supporting a variety of languages, not just C++. But its main purpose was "
-"freedom: not to require the use of any nonfree software."
-msgstr ""
-"Ù
شرÙع جÙÙÙ
(ÙÙ٠اختصار Ùعبارة بÙئة ÙÙ
Ùذج
اÙÙائ٠اÙشبÙÙØ Ø£Ù GNU Network "
-"Object Model Environment) ÙÙ Ù
شرÙع بÙئة Ø³Ø·Ø Ø§ÙÙ
Ùتب
اÙخاص بجÙÙ. Ù٠عاÙ
1997Ù
"
-"بدأ Ù
ÙجÙ٠د٠إÙÙازا Ùذا اÙÙ
شرÙع بدعÙ
Ù
Ù
شرÙØ© رÙدÙات (Red Hat)Ø ÙÙا٠اÙغرض "
-"تÙÙÙر Ø¥Ù
ÙاÙÙات Ù
شابÙØ© ÙØ³Ø·Ø Ø§ÙÙ
ÙØªØ¨Ø ÙÙÙÙ
باستخداÙ
برÙ
جÙات Øرة ØصرÙاÙ. ÙÙا٠بعض "
-"اÙÙ
Ùزات اÙتÙÙÙØ© Ø£ÙضاÙØ Ù
ث٠أ٠جÙÙÙ
ÙدعÙ
Ù
جÙ
Ùعة Ù
ختÙÙØ© Ù
Ù Ùغات اÙبرÙ
Ø¬Ø©Ø ÙØ£ÙÙ "
-"ÙÙس Ù
ØصÙرا٠عÙÙ Ùغة سÙ++. ÙÙÙ٠اÙغرض اﻷساسÙ
Ù
٠اÙÙ
شرÙع Ùا٠اÙØرÙØ©: أﻻ Ùضطر "
-"Ø£Øد ﻻستخداÙ
أ٠برÙ
جÙات غÙر Øرة."
-
-#. type: Content of: <div><p>
-msgid ""
-"Harmony is a compatible replacement library, designed to make it possible to "
-"run KDE software without using Qt."
-msgstr ""
-"Ù
شرÙع ÙارÙ
ÙÙÙ Ù٠عبارة ع٠Ù
Ùتبة تÙاÙÙÙØ©
بدÙÙØ©Ø ØªÙ
تصÙ
ÙÙ
Ùا Ùتجع٠باﻹÙ
Ùا٠"
-"تشغÙ٠براÙ
ج بÙئة ÙÙ٠بدÙ٠اÙØÙجة ﻻستخداÙ
Ù
Ùتبة ÙÙÙت."
-
-#. type: Content of: <div><p>
-# | In November 1998, the developers of Qt announced a change of license
-# | which, when carried out, should make Qt free software. There is no way to
-# | be sure, but I think that this was partly due to the community's firm
-# | response to the problem that Qt posed when it was nonfree. (The new
-# | license is inconvenient and inequitable, so it remains desirable to avoid
-# | using [-Qt.)-] {+Qt <a href=\"#ft9\">[9]</a>.)+}
-#, fuzzy
-#| msgid ""
-#| "In November 1998, the developers of Qt announced a change of license "
-#| "which, when carried out, should make Qt free software. There is no way "
-#| "to be sure, but I think that this was partly due to the community's firm "
-#| "response to the problem that Qt posed when it was nonfree. (The new "
-#| "license is inconvenient and inequitable, so it remains desirable to avoid "
-#| "using Qt.)"
-msgid ""
-"In November 1998, the developers of Qt announced a change of license which, "
-"when carried out, should make Qt free software. There is no way to be sure, "
-"but I think that this was partly due to the community's firm response to the "
-"problem that Qt posed when it was nonfree. (The new license is inconvenient "
-"and inequitable, so it remains desirable to avoid using Qt <a href="
-"\"#ft9\">[9]</a>.)"
-msgstr ""
-"Ù٠عاÙ
1998Ù
أعÙÙ Ù
Ø·Ùر٠Ù
Ùتبة ÙÙÙت ع٠إجراء
تغÙÙر Ù٠رخصتÙÙ
Ø ÙاÙØ°Ù Ùا٠Ù
Ù "
-"شأÙ٠أ٠Ùجع٠Ù
Ù ÙÙÙت برÙ
جÙØ© Øرة. عÙ٠اÙرغÙ
Ù
٠أÙÙ Ù
٠اÙصعب Ù
عرÙØ© اÙØÙÙÙØ©Ø Ø¥ï»» "
-"Ø£ÙÙ٠أعتÙد Ø£Ù Ùذ٠اÙخطÙØ© Ùا٠سببÙا (عÙÙ
اﻷÙ٠جزئÙاÙ) Ù
ÙÙ٠اÙÙ
جتÙ
ع اÙصارÙ
إزاء "
-"اÙÙ
Ø´ÙÙØ© اÙت٠سببتÙا Ù
Ùتبة ÙÙÙت ØÙÙÙ
ا ÙاÙت
غÙر Øرة. (ï»» زاÙت اÙرخصة اÙجدÙدة "
-"غÙر Ù
رÙØØ© ÙغÙر Ù
ÙصÙØ©Ø ÙعÙÙÙ ï»» زا٠Ù
Ù
اﻷÙض٠تÙاد٠استخداÙ
ÙÙÙت)."
-
-#. type: Content of: <div><p>
-msgid ""
-"How will we respond to the next tempting nonfree library? Will the whole "
-"community understand the need to stay out of the trap? Or will many of us "
-"give up freedom for convenience, and produce a major problem? Our future "
-"depends on our philosophy."
-msgstr ""
-"اÙسؤا٠اﻵÙ: ÙÙ٠سÙستجÙب ÙÙÙ
Ùتبة اÙبرÙ
جÙØ©
غÙر اÙØرة اÙت٠ستأت٠تاÙÙاÙØ ÙÙ "
-"سÙتÙÙÙ
اÙÙ
جتÙ
ع بÙÙÙت٠أÙÙ
ÙØ© اÙبÙاء بعÙداÙ
ع٠Ùذا اÙشرÙØ Ø£Ù
أ٠بعضÙا سÙÙرر "
-"اÙتÙاز٠ع٠ØرÙتÙÙ
Ù
٠أج٠اÙراØØ© ÙسÙÙÙØ©
اﻻستخداÙ
Ø Ù
Ù
ا سÙÙتج عÙÙ Ù
Ø´ÙÙØ© ÙبÙرة "
-"بÙ٠تأÙÙØ¯Ø Ø¥Ù Ù
ستÙبÙÙا ÙعتÙ
د تÙ
اÙ
ا٠عÙÙ
ÙÙسÙتÙا."
-
-#. type: Content of: <div><h4>
-msgid "Software patents"
-msgstr "براءات اختراع اÙبرÙ
جÙات"
-
-#. type: Content of: <div><p>
-# | The worst threat we face comes from software patents, which can put
-# | algorithms and features off limits to free software for up to twenty
-# | years. The LZW compression algorithm patents were applied for in 1983,
-# | and we still cannot release free software to produce proper compressed
-# | <abbr title=\"Graphics Interchange [-Format\">GIF</abbr>s. [As of 2009
-# | they have expired.]-] {+Format\">GIF</abbr> <a
-# | href=\"#ft10\">[10]</a>.+} In 1998, a free program to produce <abbr
-# | title=\"MPEG-1 Audio Layer 3\">MP3</abbr> compressed audio was removed
-# | from distribution under threat of a patent [-suit. [As of 2017, these
-# | patents have expired. Look how long we had to wait.]-] {+suit <a
-# | href=\"#ft11\">[11]</a>.+}
-#, fuzzy
-#| msgid ""
-#| "The worst threat we face comes from software patents, which can put "
-#| "algorithms and features off limits to free software for up to twenty "
-#| "years. The LZW compression algorithm patents were applied for in 1983, "
-#| "and we still cannot release free software to produce proper compressed "
-#| "<abbr title=\"Graphics Interchange Format\">GIF</abbr>s. [As of 2009 "
-#| "they have expired.] In 1998, a free program to produce <abbr title="
-#| "\"MPEG-1 Audio Layer 3\">MP3</abbr> compressed audio was removed from "
-#| "distribution under threat of a patent suit. [As of 2017, these patents "
-#| "have expired. Look how long we had to wait.]"
-msgid ""
-"The worst threat we face comes from software patents, which can put "
-"algorithms and features off limits to free software for up to twenty years. "
-"The LZW compression algorithm patents were applied for in 1983, and we still "
-"cannot release free software to produce proper compressed <abbr title="
-"\"Graphics Interchange Format\">GIF</abbr> <a href=\"#ft10\">[10]</"
-"a>. In 1998, a free program to produce <abbr title=\"MPEG-1 Audio Layer "
-"3\">MP3</abbr> compressed audio was removed from distribution under threat "
-"of a patent suit <a href=\"#ft11\">[11]</a>."
-msgstr ""
-"إ٠أÙبر تÙدÙد ÙÙاجÙÙ Ùأت٠Ù
Ù Ùب٠براءات
اختراع اÙبرÙ
جÙØ§ØªØ ÙاÙت٠Ù
٠شأÙÙا Ø£Ù "
-"تجع٠اÙØ®ÙارزÙ
Ùات ÙاÙÙ
Ùزات بعÙدة ع٠Ù
تÙاÙÙ
اÙبرÙ
جÙات اÙØرة ÙÙ
دة Ùد تص٠إÙÙ "
-"عشرÙ٠عاÙ
اÙ. عÙ٠سبÙ٠اÙÙ
ثاÙØ ÙØ¥Ù Ø®ÙارزÙ
ÙØ©
اÙضغط اÙÙ
عرÙÙØ© باسÙ
ÙÙ
بÙÙ-زÙÙ-ÙÙÙØ´ "
-"(LZW) تÙ
تسجÙÙÙا Ùبراءة اختراع Ù٠اÙعاÙ
1983Ù
Ø
Ùï»» زÙÙا اÙÙÙÙ
عاجزÙ٠ع٠إصدار "
-"براÙ
ج Øرة ÙÙ
ÙÙÙا Ø¥Ùتاج Ù
ÙÙات جÙÙ (<abbr
title=\"Graphics Interchange Format"
-"\">GIF</abbr>) Ù
ضغÙطة بÙذ٠اÙØ®ÙارزÙ
ÙØ©. [اÙتÙت
صÙاØÙØ© براءة اﻻختراع Ùذا ÙÙ "
-"اÙعاÙ
2009Ù
]. Ù
ثا٠آخر Øدث Ù٠اÙعاÙ
1998Ù
Ø ØÙØ«
اضطررÙا ﻹÙÙا٠تÙزÙع برÙاÙ
ج "
-"ﻹÙشاء Ù
ÙÙات Ø¥Ù
ب٠3 اÙصÙتÙØ© (<abbr title=\"MPEG-1 Audio
Layer 3\">MP3</"
-"abbr>)Ø ÙØ°Ù٠بسبب اÙتÙدÙد برÙع ÙضÙØ© سرÙØ©
براءة اﻻختراع. [براءة اﻻختراع ÙØ°Ù "
-"اÙتÙت صÙاØÙتÙا Ù٠اÙعاÙ
2017Ù
. ÙÙ
ÙÙ٠أ٠ترÙ
Ø·Ù٠اÙÙترة اÙت٠اضطررÙا ï»»ÙتظارÙا "
-"Øت٠تÙتÙ٠صÙاØÙØ© اÙÙثائÙ]."
-
-#. type: Content of: <div><p>
-msgid ""
-"There are ways to cope with patents: we can search for evidence that a "
-"patent is invalid, and we can look for alternative ways to do a job. But "
-"each of these methods works only sometimes; when both fail, a patent may "
-"force all free software to lack some feature that users want. After a long "
-"wait, the patents expire, but what will we do until then?"
-msgstr ""
-"ÙÙا٠طرÙÙتا٠ÙÙتعاÙ
Ù Ù
ع براءات اﻻختراع: ÙÙ
ÙÙÙا اÙبØØ« ع٠Ù
ا Ùثبت أ٠براءة "
-"اﻻختراع باطÙØ©Ø Ø£Ù ÙÙ
ÙÙÙا Ø£Ù ÙبØØ« ع٠طرÙ
بدÙÙØ© ﻹÙجاز ÙÙس اÙÙ
ÙÙ
Ø©. اÙÙ
Ø´ÙÙØ© Ø£Ù "
-"ÙÙا ÙاتÙ٠اÙطرÙÙتÙ٠تعÙ
Ùا٠ÙÙ ØاÙات Ù
عÙÙØ©Ø ÙØÙÙÙ
ا تÙش٠اÙطرÙÙتاÙØ Ø¹ÙدÙا ÙÙ
ÙÙ "
-"Ùبراءة اﻻختراع أ٠تجبر اÙبرÙ
جÙات اÙØرة
عÙ٠أ٠تÙÙد بعض اÙÙ
Ùزات ÙاÙخصائص اÙت٠"
-"ÙØتاجÙا اÙÙ
ستخدÙ
ÙÙ. باÙØ·Ø¨Ø¹Ø ØÙÙÙ
ا ÙÙتظر
ÙÙترة Ø·ÙÙÙØ© Ùإ٠براءات اﻻختراع تÙتÙÙ "
-"صÙاØÙتÙا (Ù
٠اÙÙ
تÙÙع أ٠تÙتÙ٠صÙاØÙØ©
براءات اختراع Ø¥Ù
ب٠3 ÙÙ 2018Ù
)Ø ÙÙÙÙ "
-"Ù
ا اÙذ٠سÙÙعÙÙ Øت٠Ùأت٠تارÙØ® اÙتÙاء
اÙصÙاØÙØ©Ø"
-
-#. type: Content of: <div><p>
-msgid ""
-"Those of us who value free software for freedom's sake will stay with free "
-"software anyway. We will manage to get work done without the patented "
-"features. But those who value free software because they expect it to be "
-"technically superior are likely to call it a failure when a patent holds it "
-"back. Thus, while it is useful to talk about the practical effectiveness of "
-"the “bazaar” model of development, and the reliability and power "
-"of some free software, we must not stop there. We must talk about freedom "
-"and principle."
-msgstr ""
-"Ùؤﻻء اÙØ°ÙÙ ÙÙدرÙ٠اÙبرÙ
جÙات اÙØرة Ù
٠أجÙ
اÙØرÙØ© بÙÙÙا سÙÙ ÙÙتزÙ
Ù٠باستخداÙ
"
-"اÙبرÙ
جÙات اÙØرة Ù٠جÙ
Ùع اﻷØÙاÙØ ÙسÙتÙ
ÙÙ Ù
٠أداء عÙ
ÙÙا بدÙ٠اÙاضطرار ﻻستخداÙ
"
-"اÙÙ
Ùزات ÙاÙخصائص اÙÙ
سجÙØ© تØت براءات
اﻻختراع. ÙÙÙ٠اÙØ°ÙÙ ÙÙدرÙ٠اÙبرÙ
جÙات "
-"اÙØرة ï»·ÙÙÙ
ÙتÙÙعÙÙ Ù
ÙÙا أ٠تÙÙ٠أÙض٠Ù
Ù
ÙاØÙØ© تÙÙÙØ©Ø Ùؤﻻء Ù
٠سÙص٠اÙبرÙ
جÙات "
-"اÙØرة باÙÙØ´Ù ØÙÙÙ
ا تعجز ع٠أداء ÙظÙÙØ©Ù Ù
ا
بسبب براءات اﻻختراع. ÙعÙÙÙØ ÙرغÙ
"
-"Ø¥ÙجابÙØ© اÙØدÙØ« ع٠اÙÙÙائد اÙعÙ
ÙÙØ© ÙÙÙ
Ùذج
“اÙبازار” Ù٠اÙتطÙÙØ±Ø "
-"ÙÙÙØ© ÙدÙØ© أداء بعض اÙبرÙ
جÙات اÙØØ±Ø©Ø Ø¥ï»»
Ø£ÙÙا Ùجب أﻻ ÙتÙÙÙ ÙÙا. ï»» بد Ù
٠أ٠"
-"ÙÙ
ض٠ÙدÙ
ا٠ÙÙتØدث ع٠اÙØرÙØ© ÙاÙÙ
بادئ."
-
-#. type: Content of: <div><h4>
-msgid "Free documentation"
-msgstr "اÙÙثائ٠اÙØرة"
-
-#. type: Content of: <div><p>
-msgid ""
-"The biggest deficiency in our free operating systems is not in the "
-"software—it is the lack of good free manuals that we can include in "
-"our systems. Documentation is an essential part of any software package; "
-"when an important free software package does not come with a good free "
-"manual, that is a major gap. We have many such gaps today."
-msgstr ""
-"إ٠أÙبر ÙÙص ÙÙ ÙظاÙ
تشغÙ٠جÙ٠اÙØر ÙÙس عجز
اÙبراÙ
ج—Ø¥ÙÙ
ا ÙÙ ÙÙØ© "
-"اÙÙتÙبات اÙØرة اÙجÙØ¯Ø©Ø ÙاÙت٠ÙÙ
ÙÙÙا Ø£Ù
ÙجعÙÙا جزءا٠Ù
٠أÙظÙ
Ø© تشغÙÙÙا. عÙ
ÙÙØ© "
-"اÙتÙØ«ÙÙ Ù٠جزء ï»» Ùتجزأ Ù
٠أ٠ØزÙ
Ø© برÙ
جÙØ©Ø
ÙØÙÙÙ
ا تعجز ØزÙ
Ø© برÙ
جÙØ© Ù
ÙÙ
ة ع٠"
-"تÙÙÙر ÙتÙب جÙد ÙØØ±Ø ÙØ¥Ù Ùذ٠تعتبر ثغرة
ÙبÙرة. ÙÙأس٠ÙØÙ ÙدÙÙا اÙعدÙد Ù
Ù ÙØ°Ù "
-"اÙثغرات ØاÙÙاÙ."
-
-#. type: Content of: <div><p>
-msgid ""
-"Free documentation, like free software, is a matter of freedom, not price. "
-"The criterion for a free manual is pretty much the same as for free "
-"software: it is a matter of giving all users certain freedoms. "
-"Redistribution (including commercial sale) must be permitted, online and on "
-"paper, so that the manual can accompany every copy of the program."
-msgstr ""
-"اÙÙثائ٠اÙØØ±Ø©Ø Ù
Ø«ÙÙا Ù
ث٠اÙبرÙ
جÙات اÙØرةØ
تÙعÙ٠باÙØرÙØ© ÙÙÙس باÙÙ
اÙ. اÙÙ
عÙار "
-"اﻷساس٠ÙÙÙثائ٠اÙØرة Ù٠تÙرÙبا٠ÙÙس٠اÙÙ
ستخدÙ
ÙÙبرÙ
جÙات اÙØرة: ï»» بد Ù
٠إعطاء "
-"جÙ
Ùع اÙÙ
ستخدÙ
ÙÙ ØرÙات Ù
عÙÙØ©. ï»» بد Ù
٠اÙسÙ
Ø§Ø Ø¨Ø¥Ø¹Ø§Ø¯Ø© اÙتÙزÙع (بÙ
ا ÙØ´Ù
٠اÙبÙع "
-"اÙتجارÙ)Ø Ø¹Ø¨Ø± اﻻÙترÙت Ø£Ù Ù٠صÙرة Ù
طبÙعةØ
ÙÙضÙ
٠أ٠اÙÙتÙب سÙتراÙÙ Ù
ع جÙ
Ùع Ùسخ "
-"اÙبرÙاÙ
ج Ù٠جÙ
Ùع اﻷØÙاÙ."
-
-#. type: Content of: <div><p>
-msgid ""
-"Permission for modification is crucial too. As a general rule, I don't "
-"believe that it is essential for people to have permission to modify all "
-"sorts of articles and books. For example, I don't think you or I are "
-"obliged to give permission to modify articles like this one, which describe "
-"our actions and our views."
-msgstr ""
-"اÙسÙ
Ø§Ø Ø¨Ø¥Ø¬Ø±Ø§Ø¡ اÙتعدÙÙات Ù
ÙÙ
Ø£ÙضاÙ. ÙÙاعدة
عاÙ
Ø©Ø Ø£Ùا ï»» أؤÙ
٠أÙÙ Ù
٠اÙضرÙر٠"
-"إعطاء اÙجÙ
Ùع إذÙا٠بتعدÙÙ Ù٠أÙÙاع اÙÙتب
ÙاÙÙ
ÙاÙات. عÙ٠سبÙ٠اÙÙ
ثاÙØ Ø£Ùا ï»» "
-"أعتÙد Ø£ÙÙ٠أÙا أ٠أÙت Ù
ضطرا٠ﻹعطاء اﻹذÙ
بتعدÙÙ Ù
ÙاÙات ÙÙذ٠اÙÙ
ÙاÙØ©Ø ï»·ÙÙا "
-"تعÙس تصرÙاتÙا ÙرؤاÙا اÙشخصÙØ©."
-
-#. type: Content of: <div><p>
-msgid ""
-"But there is a particular reason why the freedom to modify is crucial for "
-"documentation for free software. When people exercise their right to modify "
-"the software, and add or change its features, if they are conscientious they "
-"will change the manual, too—so they can provide accurate and usable "
-"documentation with the modified program. A nonfree manual, which does not "
-"allow programmers to be conscientious and finish the job, does not fill our "
-"community's needs."
-msgstr ""
-"عÙ٠اÙرغÙ
Ù
Ù ÙØ°Ø§Ø ÙØ¥Ù ÙÙاÙ٠سببا٠ÙجعÙ
ØرÙØ© اÙتعدÙÙ Ø´Ùئا٠أساسÙا٠ÙÙÙ
ا ÙتعÙÙ "
-"بتÙØ«Ù٠اÙبرÙ
جÙات اÙØرة. ØÙÙÙ
ا ÙÙ
ارس اÙÙاس
ØÙÙÙ
Ù٠تعدÙ٠اÙبرÙاÙ
ج بØÙØ« ÙÙÙÙ
ÙÙ "
-"بإضاÙØ© أ٠تعدÙ٠خصائص٠ÙÙ
Ù
ÙزاتÙØ Ùإ٠اÙÙ
ÙتزÙ
Ù٠أخÙاÙÙا٠Ù
ÙÙÙ
سÙÙÙÙ
Ù٠بتعدÙÙ "
-"اÙÙتÙب Ø£ÙضاٗبØÙØ« ÙستطÙعÙ٠تÙÙÙر ÙثائÙ
صØÙØØ© ÙÙ
ÙÙدة تعÙس تعدÙÙاتÙÙ
اÙت٠"
-"أجرÙÙا عÙ٠اÙبرÙاÙ
ج. اÙÙتÙبات غÙر اÙØرةØ
ÙاÙت٠ﻻ تسÙ
Ø ÙÙÙ
برÙ
جÙ٠بأ٠ÙÙÙÙÙا "
-"Ù
ÙتزÙ
Ù٠أخÙاÙÙا٠ÙÙÙÙÙ
Ùا بإÙÙ
ا٠Ù
ÙاÙ
ÙÙ
Øت٠اÙÙÙاÙØ©Ø Ùذ٠اÙÙتÙبات ï»» تÙÙ "
-"باØتÙاجات Ù
جتÙ
عÙا اÙØر."
-
-#. type: Content of: <div><p>
-msgid ""
-"Some kinds of limits on how modifications are done pose no problem. For "
-"example, requirements to preserve the original author's copyright notice, "
-"the distribution terms, or the list of authors, are OK. It is also no "
-"problem to require modified versions to include notice that they were "
-"modified, even to have entire sections that may not be deleted or changed, "
-"as long as these sections deal with nontechnical topics. These kinds of "
-"restrictions are not a problem because they don't stop the conscientious "
-"programmer from adapting the manual to fit the modified program. In other "
-"words, they don't block the free software community from making full use of "
-"the manual."
-msgstr ""
-"بصÙرة عاÙ
Ø©Ø ÙÙس ÙÙاÙÙ Ù
Ø´ÙÙØ© ÙÙ Ùضع بعض
اÙÙÙÙد عÙ٠اÙطرÙÙØ© اÙت٠ÙتÙ
بÙا إجراء "
-"اÙتعدÙÙات عÙ٠اÙÙثائ٠اÙØرة. عÙ٠سبÙ٠اÙÙ
ثاÙØ Ø§Ø´ØªØ±Ø§Ø· اﻹبÙاء عÙÙ ØÙÙ٠اÙÙ
ÙÙÙØ© "
-"اÙخاصة باÙÙ
ؤÙ٠اﻷصÙÙØ ÙشرÙØ· اÙتÙزÙعØ
ÙÙائÙ
Ø© اÙÙ
ؤÙÙÙÙØ ÙÙ Ùذ٠اﻷشÙاء Ù
ÙبÙÙØ© "
-"Ùï»» غبار عÙÙÙا. باÙÙ
Ø«ÙØ ÙÙس ÙÙا٠Ù
Ø´ÙÙØ© ÙÙ
Ø¥ÙزاÙ
اÙÙسخ اÙÙ
عدÙØ© بأ٠تعÙÙ
"
-"اÙÙ
ستخدÙ
بأÙÙا Ùسخ Ù
عدÙØ© Ù
٠اﻷصÙØ ÙÙ
ا ÙÙ
Ù٠اشتراط عدÙ
تعدÙ٠أ٠Øذ٠أجزاء "
-"ÙاÙ
ÙØ© Ù
٠اﻷصÙØ Ø·Ø§ÙÙ
ا Ø£Ù Ùذ٠اﻷجزاء ï»» تتضÙ
Ù Ù
ÙاضÙعا٠تÙÙÙØ©. Ùذ٠اÙÙÙÙد ï»» غبار "
-"عÙÙÙØ§Ø ï»·ÙÙا Ù٠تشÙÙ Ù
Ø´ÙÙØ© باÙÙسبة ÙÙÙ
برÙ
جÙ٠اÙÙ
ÙتزÙ
Ù٠اÙØ°ÙÙ ÙرغبÙ٠بتعدÙÙ "
-"اÙÙتÙب اÙÙ
عÙÙ ÙÙÙائÙ
اÙبرÙاÙ
ج اÙÙ
عدÙ.
بعبارة أخرÙØ Ù
Ø«Ù Ùذ٠اÙÙÙÙد ï»» تÙ
Ùع "
-"Ù
جتÙ
ع اÙبرÙ
جÙات اÙØرة Ù
٠اﻻستÙادة اÙÙاÙ
ÙØ© Ù
٠اÙÙتÙب."
-
-#. type: Content of: <div><p>
-msgid ""
-"However, it must be possible to modify all the <em>technical</em> content of "
-"the manual, and then distribute the result in all the usual media, through "
-"all the usual channels; otherwise, the restrictions do obstruct the "
-"community, the manual is not free, and we need another manual."
-msgstr ""
-"عÙ٠اÙرغÙ
Ù
Ù Ø°ÙÙØ ÙÙا بد Ù
٠اÙتأÙد Ø£Ù٠باﻹÙ
Ùا٠تعدÙ٠اÙÙ
ØتÙÙ <em>اÙتÙÙÙ</em> "
-"ÙÙÙتÙØ¨Ø ÙÙ
Ù Ø«Ù
تÙزÙع اÙÙتÙب اÙجدÙد عبر
اÙÙسائط اÙÙ
Ø¹ØªØ§Ø¯Ø©Ø Ø¨Ø§Ø³ØªØ®Ø¯Ø§Ù
اÙÙÙÙات "
-"اÙÙ
Ø£ÙÙÙØ©. Ù
٠دÙÙ Ùذ٠اﻹÙ
ÙاÙÙØ©Ø ØªØµØ¨Ø ÙØ°Ù
اÙÙÙÙد عائÙا٠أÙ
اÙ
اÙÙ
جتÙ
Ø¹Ø ÙÙØµØ¨Ø "
-"اÙÙتÙب غÙر ØراÙØ ÙعÙدÙا سÙØتاج ÙÙتÙب آخر."
-
-#. type: Content of: <div><p>
-msgid ""
-"Will free software developers have the awareness and determination to "
-"produce a full spectrum of free manuals? Once again, our future depends on "
-"philosophy."
-msgstr ""
-"Ù٠سÙÙÙÙ Ù
برÙ
ج٠اÙبرÙ
جÙات اÙØرة باÙÙعÙ
ÙاÙتصÙ
ÙÙ
اÙÙاÙ٠ﻹÙتاج Ø·ÙÙ Ù
تÙاÙ
Ù Ù
Ù "
-"اÙÙتÙبات اÙØØ±Ø©Ø ÙÙÙ
رة اÙثاÙÙØ©Ø Ùبد٠أ٠Ù
ستÙبÙÙا ÙعتÙ
د عÙÙ ÙÙسÙتÙا."
-
-#. type: Content of: <div><h3>
-msgid "We must talk about freedom"
-msgstr "Ùجب Ø£Ù ÙتØدث ع٠اÙØرÙØ©"
-
-#. type: Content of: <div><p>
-# | Estimates today are that there are ten million users of GNU/Linux systems
-# | such as Debian GNU/Linux and Red Hat [-“Linux”.-]
-# | {+“Linux.”+} Free software has developed such practical
-# | advantages that users are flocking to it for purely practical reasons.
-#, fuzzy
-#| msgid ""
-#| "Estimates today are that there are ten million users of GNU/Linux systems "
-#| "such as Debian GNU/Linux and Red Hat “Linux”. Free software "
-#| "has developed such practical advantages that users are flocking to it for "
-#| "purely practical reasons."
-msgid ""
-"Estimates today are that there are ten million users of GNU/Linux systems "
-"such as Debian GNU/Linux and Red Hat “Linux.” Free software has "
-"developed such practical advantages that users are flocking to it for purely "
-"practical reasons."
-msgstr ""
-"اﻷرÙاÙ
اÙتÙدÙرÙØ© تخبرÙا Ø£Ù ÙÙا٠عشرة Ù
ÙاÙÙÙ Ù
ستخدÙ
ﻷجÙزة جÙÙ/ÙÙÙÙس اÙÙÙÙ
Ø "
-"بÙ
ا ÙØ´Ù
٠دÙبÙا٠(Debian) جÙÙ/ÙÙÙÙس ٠رÙدÙات (Red
Hat) “ÙÙÙÙس”. "
-"اÙبرÙ
جÙات اÙØرة Ùد ÙصÙت Ù
رØÙØ© Ù
٠اÙتÙ
Ùز
اÙعÙ
Ù٠بØÙØ« صار اÙÙ
ستخدÙ
ÙÙ ÙÙرعÙÙ "
-"Ø¥ÙÙÙا ﻷسباب عÙ
ÙÙØ© بØتة."
-
-#. type: Content of: <div><p>
-msgid ""
-"The good consequences of this are evident: more interest in developing free "
-"software, more customers for free software businesses, and more ability to "
-"encourage companies to develop commercial free software instead of "
-"proprietary software products."
-msgstr ""
-"اÙÙتائج اﻹÙجابÙØ© ÙÙذا اﻷÙ
ر ÙاضØØ©Ø Ù
Ø«Ù
اﻻÙتÙ
اÙ
اÙÙ
تزاÙد بتطÙÙر اÙبرÙ
جÙات "
-"اÙØØ±Ø©Ø ÙازدÙاد أعداد زبائ٠شرÙات اÙبرÙ
جÙات اÙØØ±Ø©Ø ÙزÙادة اÙÙدرة عÙ٠إÙÙاع "
-"اÙشرÙات بتطÙÙر برÙ
جÙاتÙÙ
اÙØرة بشÙÙ
تجارÙØ Ø¹Ùضا٠ع٠تطÙÙر برÙ
جÙاتÙÙ
بصÙرة "
-"اØتÙارÙØ©."
-
-#. type: Content of: <div><p>
-msgid ""
-"But interest in the software is growing faster than awareness of the "
-"philosophy it is based on, and this leads to trouble. Our ability to meet "
-"the challenges and threats described above depends on the will to stand firm "
-"for freedom. To make sure our community has this will, we need to spread "
-"the idea to the new users as they come into the community."
-msgstr ""
-"ÙÙÙ٠اﻻÙتÙ
اÙ
باÙبرÙ
جÙات ÙتÙاÙ
٠بصÙرة
أسرع Ù
٠اÙÙع٠باÙÙÙسÙØ© اÙت٠تÙÙ
Ù ÙراءÙØ "
-"ÙÙذا Ùد ÙÙÙدÙا ÙÙ
شاÙ٠جÙ
Ø©. ÙدرتÙا عÙÙ Ù
ÙاجÙØ© اÙتØدÙات ÙاÙÙ
خاطر اÙÙ
Ø°ÙÙرة "
-"أعÙا٠تعتÙ
د عÙ٠إرادتÙا ÙÙÙÙÙÙ Ùدا٠ÙاØدة
Ù
٠أج٠اÙØرÙØ©. ÙÙÙ ÙتأÙد Ù
٠أ٠"
-"Ù
جتÙ
عÙا ÙÙ
تÙÙ ÙØ°Ù Ø§ï»¹Ø±Ø§Ø¯Ø©Ø Ùجب عÙÙÙا Ø£Ù
ÙÙشر اÙÙÙرة ÙÙ Ùسط اÙÙ
ستخدÙ
Ù٠اÙجدد "
-"Øا٠اÙضÙ
اÙ
ÙÙ
ÙÙÙ
جتÙ
ع اÙØر."
-
-#. type: Content of: <div><p>
-msgid ""
-"But we are failing to do so: the efforts to attract new users into our "
-"community are far outstripping the efforts to teach them the civics of our "
-"community. We need to do both, and we need to keep the two efforts in "
-"balance."
-msgstr ""
-"ÙÙÙÙÙا ÙÙأس٠ÙÙØ´Ù ÙÙ Ùع٠Ùذا اﻷÙ
ر: اÙÙ
جÙÙدات اÙÙ
بذÙÙØ© Ùجذب اÙÙ
ستخدÙ
Ù٠اÙجدد "
-"ÙضÙ
ÙÙ
ÙÙ
جتÙ
عÙا تÙÙÙ ÙتتجاÙز اÙÙ
جÙÙدات اÙÙ
بذÙÙØ© ÙتعÙÙÙ
ÙÙ
اÙÙ
بادئ اﻷÙÙÙØ© "
-"ÙÙ
جتÙ
عÙا. ÙتÙجب عÙÙÙا Ø£Ù ÙÙÙÙ
باÙÙ
جÙÙدÙÙ Ù
عاÙØ ÙÙ
ا ÙتÙجب عÙÙÙا Ø£Ù ÙØاÙظ عÙÙ "
-"اÙتÙاز٠بÙÙÙÙ
ا."
-
-#. type: Content of: <div><h3>
-msgid "“Open Source”"
-msgstr "“اÙÙ
صادر اÙÙ
ÙتÙØØ©”"
-
-#. type: Content of: <div><p>
-msgid ""
-"Teaching new users about freedom became more difficult in 1998, when a part "
-"of the community decided to stop using the term “free software” "
-"and say “open source software” instead."
-msgstr ""
-"Ù
ØاÙÙØ© تعÙÙÙ
اÙÙ
ستخدÙ
Ù٠اÙجدد Ù
بادئ
اÙØرÙØ© أصبØت Ø£Ùثر صعÙبة Ù٠اÙعاÙ
1998Ù
Ø "
-"ØÙÙÙ
ا Ùرر جزء Ù
Ù Ù
جتÙ
ع اÙبرÙ
جÙات اÙØرة Ø£Ù
ÙتÙÙÙÙا ع٠استخداÙ
تعبÙر “"
-"اÙبرÙ
جÙات اÙØرة”Ø ÙاستخدÙ
Ùا تعبÙر
“اÙبرÙ
جÙات Ù
ÙتÙØØ© "
-"اÙÙ
صدر” عÙضا٠عÙÙ."
-
-#. type: Content of: <div><p>
-msgid ""
-"Some who favored this term aimed to avoid the confusion of “"
-"free” with “gratis”—a valid goal. Others, however, "
-"aimed to set aside the spirit of principle that had motivated the free "
-"software movement and the GNU Project, and to appeal instead to executives "
-"and business users, many of whom hold an ideology that places profit above "
-"freedom, above community, above principle. Thus, the rhetoric of “"
-"open source” focuses on the potential to make high-quality, powerful "
-"software, but shuns the ideas of freedom, community, and principle."
-msgstr ""
-"بعض اÙØ°ÙÙ ÙضÙÙا استخداÙ
اÙتعبÙر اÙجدÙد
ØاÙÙÙا Ø£Ù ÙتÙادÙا أ٠ارتبا٠Ùد ÙÙجÙ
"
-"Ù
٠استخداÙ
ÙÙظة “Øرة” عبر استبداÙÙا
بÙÙظة “Ù
جاÙÙØ©”"
-"—ÙÙÙ Ùد٠Ù
شرÙع. ÙÙÙ٠اÙبعض اﻵخر ØاÙÙÙا
Ø£Ù ÙضعÙا رÙØ Ø§ÙÙ
بادئ اÙت٠أÙÙÙ
ت "
-"Ø¥Ùشاء ØرÙØ© اÙبرÙ
جÙات اÙØرة ÙÙ
شرÙع جÙ٠إÙÙ
اÙجاÙØ¨Ø ÙÙضÙÙا Ø£Ù ÙتÙربÙا Ø¥ÙÙ "
-"اÙÙ
دراء اÙتÙÙÙØ°ÙÙÙ ÙاÙزبائ٠ÙاÙØ°ÙÙ ÙÙ
تÙÙ
اÙعدÙد Ù
ÙÙÙ
Ø£ÙدÙÙÙÙجÙات ÙÙرÙØ© "
-"تجعÙÙÙ
ÙÙدÙ
Ù٠اÙÙ
Ùسب عÙ٠اÙØرÙØ© ÙاÙÙ
جتÙ
ع
ÙاÙÙ
بادئ. ÙتÙجة ÙØ°ÙÙØ Ùإ٠رÙØ "
-"“اÙÙ
صادر اÙÙ
ÙتÙØØ©” تÙÙ
Ù Ù٠ترÙÙزÙا
عÙ٠إÙتاج براÙ
ج ذات جÙدة "
-"عاÙÙØ© ÙÙعاÙØ©Ø ÙÙÙÙÙا Ùا تÙÙ٠باÙا٠ÙÙØرÙØ©
ÙاÙÙ
جتÙ
ع ÙاÙÙ
بادئ."
-
-#. type: Content of: <div><p>
-msgid ""
-"The “Linux” magazines are a clear example of this—they are "
-"filled with advertisements for proprietary software that works with GNU/"
-"Linux. When the next Motif or Qt appears, will these magazines warn "
-"programmers to stay away from it, or will they run ads for it?"
-msgstr ""
-"Ø¥Ù Ù
جÙات “ÙÙÙÙس” تشÙÙ Ù
ثاÙا٠ÙاضØاÙ
عÙÙ Ùذا—جÙ
ÙعÙا تÙ
تÙئ "
-"بإعÙاÙات اÙبراÙ
ج اﻻØتÙارÙØ© اÙت٠تعÙ
٠عÙÙ
Ø£ÙظÙ
Ø© جÙÙ/ÙÙÙÙس. ØÙÙÙ
ا تظÙر اÙÙسخة "
-"اÙÙادÙ
Ø© Ù
Ù Ù
ÙتÙ٠أ٠ÙÙÙت أ٠أ٠برÙاÙ
ج آخر Ù
شابÙØ Ù٠ستÙÙÙ
Ùذ٠اÙÙ
جÙات بتØØ°Ùر "
-"اÙÙ
برÙ
جÙÙ Ù
٠استخداÙ
Ùذ٠اÙبراÙ
Ø¬Ø Ø£Ù
Ø£ÙÙا
ستعرض إعÙاÙات ÙÙاØ"
-
-#. type: Content of: <div><p>
-msgid ""
-"The support of business can contribute to the community in many ways; all "
-"else being equal, it is useful. But winning their support by speaking even "
-"less about freedom and principle can be disastrous; it makes the previous "
-"imbalance between outreach and civics education even worse."
-msgstr ""
-"إ٠اÙدعÙ
اÙÙاتج ع٠اÙتجارة Ù
٠شأÙ٠أÙ
Ùساعد Ù
جتÙ
ع اÙبرÙ
جÙات اÙØرة بعدة طرÙØ "
-"ÙÙذا اﻷÙ
ر ÙÙ
ÙÙ٠أ٠ÙÙÙÙ Ù
ÙÙدا٠عÙ٠عدة Ù
ستÙÙات. ÙÙÙ٠اÙتساب اÙدعÙ
عبر تÙÙÙÙ "
-"اÙØدÙØ« ع٠اÙØرÙØ© ÙاÙÙ
بادئ ÙÙ
ÙÙ٠أ٠ÙجعÙ
اﻷÙ
ر ÙارثÙاÙØ ï»·ÙÙ ÙزÙد اÙÙجÙØ© بÙÙ "
-"اÙÙ
Ù
ارسة ÙاÙتÙعÙØ© باÙØÙÙ٠اÙت٠تØدثÙا
عÙÙا سابÙاÙ."
-
-#. type: Content of: <div><p>
-# | “Free software” and “open source” describe the
-# | same category of software, more or less, but say different things about
-# | the software, and about values. The GNU Project continues to use the term
-# | “free [-software”,-] {+software,”+} to express the idea
-# | that freedom, not just technology, is important.
-#, fuzzy
-#| msgid ""
-#| "“Free software” and “open source” describe the "
-#| "same category of software, more or less, but say different things about "
-#| "the software, and about values. The GNU Project continues to use the "
-#| "term “free software”, to express the idea that freedom, not "
-#| "just technology, is important."
-msgid ""
-"“Free software” and “open source” describe the same "
-"category of software, more or less, but say different things about the "
-"software, and about values. The GNU Project continues to use the term "
-"“free software,” to express the idea that freedom, not just "
-"technology, is important."
-msgstr ""
-"Ø¥Ù “اÙبرÙ
جÙات اÙØرة” ٓاÙÙ
صادر
اÙØرة” تتØدثاÙØ Ø¨ØµÙرة "
-"عاÙ
Ø©Ø Ø¹Ù ÙÙس اÙÙئة Ù
٠اÙبرÙ
جÙØ§ØªØ Ø¥ï»» Ø£Ù
Ø£ÙÙاÙÙÙ
ا تختÙ٠ع٠اÙبرÙ
جÙات ÙاÙÙ
بادئ. "
-"Ø¥Ù Ù
شرÙع جÙÙ ÙستÙ
ر Ù٠استخداÙ
تعبÙر
“اÙبرÙ
جÙات اÙØرة” ÙتأÙÙد Ø£Ù "
-"اÙØرÙØ©Ø ÙÙÙس اÙتÙÙÙÙÙجÙا ÙØØ³Ø¨Ø Ø£Ù
ر Ù
ÙÙ
ÙأساسÙ."
-
-#. type: Content of: <div><h3>
-msgid "Try!"
-msgstr "ØاÙÙ!"
-
-#. type: Content of: <div><p>
-msgid ""
-"Yoda's aphorism (“There is no ‘try’”) sounds neat, "
-"but it doesn't work for me. I have done most of my work while anxious about "
-"whether I could do the job, and unsure that it would be enough to achieve "
-"the goal if I did. But I tried anyway, because there was no one but me "
-"between the enemy and my city. Surprising myself, I have sometimes "
-"succeeded."
-msgstr ""
-"ØÙÙ
Ø© ÙÙدا (“ÙÙس ÙÙاÙÙ Ù
ا ÙسÙ
Ù ‘باÙÙ
ØاÙÙØ©’”) تبد٠"
-"جÙØ¯Ø©Ø ÙÙÙÙÙا ï»» تصÙØ ÙÙ ØاÙتÙ. ÙÙد ÙÙ
ت
بتÙÙÙØ° Ù
عظÙ
أعÙ
اÙÙ ÙØ£Ùا ÙÙÙ Ù
Ù Ùدرت٠"
-"عÙ٠أداء اÙÙ
ÙÙ
Ø©Ø ÙÙ
ا Ø£ÙÙÙ ÙÙ
Ø£ÙÙ Ù
تأÙدا٠Ù
٠أ٠Ù
جÙÙدات٠ستÙØ¬Ø Ù٠اÙÙصÙÙ "
-"ï»·ÙداÙÙا. ÙÙÙÙÙ٠استÙ
ررت Ù٠اÙÙ
ØاÙÙØ©Ø ï»·ÙÙ
ÙÙ
ÙÙÙ ÙÙا٠شخص آخر ÙØÙ٠بÙ٠اÙعد٠"
-"ÙاÙÙ
دÙÙØ©. رغÙ
Ø£ÙÙÙ ÙÙ
Ø£ÙÙ Ù
تأÙدا٠Ù
Ù
اÙÙجاØØ Ø¥ï»» Ø£ÙÙÙ ÙجØت Ù٠اÙÙØ«Ùر Ù
Ù Ù
ساعÙÙ."
-
-#. type: Content of: <div><p>
-msgid ""
-"Sometimes I failed; some of my cities have fallen. Then I found another "
-"threatened city, and got ready for another battle. Over time, I've learned "
-"to look for threats and put myself between them and my city, calling on "
-"other hackers to come and join me."
-msgstr ""
-"Ù٠أØÙا٠أخرÙØ ÙØ´Ùت Ù
جÙÙداتÙØ ÙسÙطت بعض
اÙÙ
د٠اÙت٠ÙÙت Ø£ÙÙÙ
بØÙ
اÙتÙا. ÙÙÙÙÙÙ "
-"ÙÙت أجد Ù
دÙÙØ© أخر٠Ù
Ùددة Ù
٠اÙعدÙØ ÙÙÙت
أجÙز ÙÙس٠ÙÙ
عرÙØ© أخر٠ÙÙدÙاع عÙÙا. "
-"Ù
ع Ù
رÙر اÙÙÙØªØ ØªØ¹ÙÙ
ت ÙÙ٠أبØØ« ع٠اÙتÙدÙدات
ÙاÙÙ
Ø®Ø§Ø·Ø±Ø ÙÙÙ٠أضع ÙÙس٠Ù
ا بÙÙ "
-"اÙعد٠ÙاÙÙ
دÙÙØ©Ø ÙÙ ÙÙس اÙÙÙت اÙذ٠أÙادÙ
ÙÙ٠اÙÙراصÙØ© اÙÙ
برÙ
جÙ٠اﻵخرÙÙ ÙÙأتÙا "
-"ÙÙشارÙÙÙ٠اÙÙ
ÙÙ
Ø©."
-
-#. type: Content of: <div><p>
-msgid ""
-"Nowadays, often I'm not the only one. It is a relief and a joy when I see a "
-"regiment of hackers digging in to hold the line, and I realize, this city "
-"may survive—for now. But the dangers are greater each year, and now "
-"Microsoft has explicitly targeted our community. We can't take the future "
-"of freedom for granted. Don't take it for granted! If you want to keep your "
-"freedom, you must be prepared to defend it."
-msgstr ""
-"اÙÙÙÙ
Ø ÙÙ
أعد اÙÙ
داÙع اÙÙØÙد ع٠اÙÙضÙØ©. Ù
Ù
اÙÙ
رÙØ ÙاÙÙ
ÙØ±Ø Ø£Ù Ø£Ø±Ù Øشدا٠Ù
Ù "
-"اÙÙراصÙØ© اÙÙ
برÙ
جÙÙ ÙÙÙÙ
Ù٠بØÙر اÙØ®ÙادÙ
ÙتعزÙز دÙاعاتÙÙ
Ø Ù
Ù
ا ÙجعÙÙ٠أدر٠أ٠"
-"Ùذ٠اÙÙ
دÙÙØ© سÙ٠تظ٠صاÙ
دة—اﻵ٠عÙÙ
اﻷÙÙ. ÙÙÙ٠اÙÙ
خاطر تتزاÙد عاÙ
ا٠بعد "
-"عاÙ
Ø Ùاﻵ٠تÙÙÙ
شرÙØ© Ù
اÙÙرÙسÙÙت (Microsoft)
باستÙدا٠Ù
جتÙ
عÙا بصÙرة Ù
باشرة. ﻻ "
-"ÙÙ
ÙÙÙا Ø£Ù Ùأخذ Ù
ستÙب٠اÙØرÙØ© عÙ٠أÙ٠شئ Ù
ضÙ
ÙÙ. ï»» تتعاÙ
Ù Ù
ع٠عÙ٠أÙ٠شئ "
-"Ù
ضÙ
ÙÙ! إذا ÙÙت ترغب باÙÙ
ØاÙظة عÙÙ ØرÙتÙØ
ÙÙبغ٠عÙÙ٠أ٠تجÙز ÙÙس٠ÙÙدÙاع عÙÙا."
-
-#. type: Content of: <div><h3>
-# || No change detected. The change might only be in amounts of spaces.
-#, fuzzy
-#| msgid "Footnotes"
-msgid "Footnotes"
-msgstr "ÙÙاÙ
Ø´"
-
-#. type: Content of: <div><ol><li>
-# | [-(1)-]The use of “hacker” to mean “security
-# | breaker” is a confusion on the part of the mass media. We hackers
-# | refuse to recognize that meaning, and continue using the word to mean
-# | someone who loves to program, someone who enjoys playful cleverness, or
-# | the combination of the two. See my article, [-<a
-# | href=\"http://stallman.org/articles/on-hacking.html\";>On Hacking</a>.-]
-# | {+“<a href=\"https://stallman.org/articles/on-hacking.html\";>On
-# | Hacking</a>.”+}
-#, fuzzy
-#| msgid ""
-#| "(1) The use of “hacker” to mean “security "
-#| "breaker” is a confusion on the part of the mass media. We hackers "
-#| "refuse to recognize that meaning, and continue using the word to mean "
-#| "someone who loves to program, someone who enjoys playful cleverness, or "
-#| "the combination of the two. See my article, <a href=\"http://stallman.";
-#| "org/articles/on-hacking.html\">On Hacking</a>."
-msgid ""
-"The use of “hacker” to mean “security breaker” is a "
-"confusion on the part of the mass media. We hackers refuse to recognize "
-"that meaning, and continue using the word to mean someone who loves to "
-"program, someone who enjoys playful cleverness, or the combination of the "
-"two. See my article, “<a href=\"https://stallman.org/articles/on-";
-"hacking.html\">On Hacking</a>.”"
-msgstr ""
-"(1) استخداÙ
ÙÙظة “ÙرصÙØ©” بÙ
عÙÙ “Ùسر
اﻷÙ
Ù” Ù٠خطأ "
-"شائع ترتÙب٠اÙÙسائط اﻹعÙاÙ
ÙØ© اÙØدÙثة. ÙØÙ
ÙÙراصÙØ© Ù
برÙ
جÙÙ ÙرÙض Ø£Ù Ùعتر٠بÙذا "
-"اÙÙ
عÙ٠اÙØ®Ø§Ø·Ø¦Ø ÙÙصر عÙ٠استخداÙ
اÙÙÙÙ
Ø© بÙ
عÙاÙا اÙصØÙØ ÙاÙØ°Ù ÙعÙ٠أ٠اÙÙرصا٠"
-"Ù٠شخص Ùجب اÙبرÙ
Ø¬Ø©Ø Ø£Ù Ø´Ø®Øµ ÙستÙ
تع باÙØ°Ùاء
اÙÙ
رØØ Ø£Ù Ø´Ø®Øµ ÙÙ
ارس اﻻثÙÙÙ Ù
عاÙ. "
-"ÙÙ
ÙÙÙ Ùراءة اÙÙ
زÙد ÙÙ Ù
ÙاÙت٠<a
href=\"http://stallman.org/articles/on-";
-"hacking.html\">ØÙ٠اÙÙرصÙØ© اÙبرÙ
جÙØ©</a>."
-
-#. type: Content of: <div><ol><li>
-# | [-(1)-]As an Atheist, I don't follow any religious leaders, but I
-# | sometimes find I admire something one of them has said.
-#, fuzzy
-#| msgid ""
-#| "(1) As an Atheist, I don't follow any religious leaders, but I sometimes "
-#| "find I admire something one of them has said."
-msgid ""
-"As an Atheist, I don't follow any religious leaders, but I sometimes find I "
-"admire something one of them has said."
-msgstr ""
-"(1) بصÙت٠Ù
ÙØداÙØ ÙØ£Ùا ï»» أتبع Ø£Ù Ùادة
دÙÙÙÙÙØ ÙÙÙÙÙ٠أÙعجÙب Ø£ØÙاÙا٠بÙ
ÙÙÙØ© Ø£ØدÙÙ
."
-
-#. type: Content of: <div><ol><li>
-# | [-(1)-]In 1984 or 1985, Don Hopkins (a very imaginative fellow) mailed me
-# | a letter. [-On-] {+<a href=\"/graphics/copyleft-sticker.html\">On+} the
-# | [-envelope-] {+envelope</a>+} he had written several amusing sayings,
-# | including this one: “Copyleft—all rights reversed.” I
-# | used the word “copyleft” to name the distribution concept I
-# | was developing at the time.
-#, fuzzy
-#| msgid ""
-#| "(1) In 1984 or 1985, Don Hopkins (a very imaginative fellow) mailed me a "
-#| "letter. On the envelope he had written several amusing sayings, "
-#| "including this one: “Copyleft—all rights reversed.” I "
-#| "used the word “copyleft” to name the distribution concept I "
-#| "was developing at the time."
-msgid ""
-"In 1984 or 1985, Don Hopkins (a very imaginative fellow) mailed me a "
-"letter. <a href=\"/graphics/copyleft-sticker.html\">On the envelope</a> he "
-"had written several amusing sayings, including this one: “"
-"Copyleft—all rights reversed.” I used the word “"
-"copyleft” to name the distribution concept I was developing at the "
-"time."
-msgstr ""
-"(1) Ù٠اÙعاÙ
1984 Ø£Ù 1985Ø ÙÙ
ت باستÙاÙ
برÙد Ù
رسÙ
Ù
٠دÙÙ ÙÙبÙÙز (ÙÙ٠شخص Ø°Ù "
-"Ø®Ùا٠Ùاسع). Ùا٠اÙÙ
ظرÙÙ ÙØتÙ٠عدة Ùتابات Ù
سÙÙØ©Ø Ù
Ø«Ù: “جÙ
Ùع اÙØÙÙÙ "
-"Ù
ترÙÙØ©”. ÙÙت استخدÙ
ÙÙÙ
Ø© “اÙØÙÙÙ Ù
ترÙÙØ©” ÙÙدÙاÙØ© عÙÙ "
-"اÙÙ
ÙÙÙÙ
اÙØ°Ù ÙÙت Ø£ÙÙÙ
بتطÙÙر٠ÙÙ Ø°ÙÙ
اÙÙÙت."
-
-#. type: Content of: <div><ol><li>
-# | [-(2)-]We now use the <a href=\"/licenses/fdl.html\">GNU Free
-# | Documentation License</a> for documentation.
-#, fuzzy
-#| msgid ""
-#| "(2) We now use the <a href=\"/licenses/fdl.html\">GNU Free Documentation "
-#| "License</a> for documentation."
-msgid ""
-"We now use the <a href=\"/licenses/fdl.html\">GNU Free Documentation "
-"License</a> for documentation."
-msgstr ""
-"(2) ÙØÙ ÙÙÙÙ
باستخداÙ
<a href=\"/licenses/fdl.html\">رخصة
جÙÙ ÙÙÙثائ٠اÙØرة</"
-"a> ÙترخÙص اÙÙثائÙ."
-
-#. type: Content of: <div><ol><li>
-# | [-(1)-]“Bourne Again Shell” is a play on the name
-# | “Bourne [-Shell”,-] {+Shell,”+} which was the usual
-# | shell on Unix.
-#, fuzzy
-#| msgid ""
-#| "(1) “Bourne Again Shell” is a play on the name “Bourne "
-#| "Shell”, which was the usual shell on Unix."
-msgid ""
-"“Bourne Again Shell” is a play on the name “Bourne Shell,"
-"” which was the usual shell on Unix."
-msgstr ""
-"(1) اسÙ
“اÙÙسخة اÙجدÙدة Ù
Ù Ù
ÙÙØ° Ø£ÙاÙ
ر
بÙرٔ ÙÙ Ùعب عÙ٠اﻹسÙ
"
-"اﻷصÙÙØ “Ù
ÙÙØ° Ø£ÙاÙ
ر بÙØ±Ù”Ø ØÙØ« Ùا٠Ù
ÙÙØ° اﻷÙاÙ
ر اÙÙ
عتÙ
د عÙ٠أÙظÙ
Ø© "
-"ÙÙÙÙس اÙÙدÙÙ
Ø©."
-
-#. type: Content of: <div><ol><li>
-# | [-(1)-]That was written in 1998. In 2009 we no longer maintain a long
-# | task list. The community develops free software so fast that we can't
-# | even keep track of it all. Instead, we have a list of High Priority
-# | Projects, a much shorter list of projects we really want to encourage
-# | people to write.
-#, fuzzy
-#| msgid ""
-#| "(1) That was written in 1998. In 2009 we no longer maintain a long task "
-#| "list. The community develops free software so fast that we can't even "
-#| "keep track of it all. Instead, we have a list of High Priority Projects, "
-#| "a much shorter list of projects we really want to encourage people to "
-#| "write."
-msgid ""
-"That was written in 1998. In 2009 we no longer maintain a long task list. "
-"The community develops free software so fast that we can't even keep track "
-"of it all. Instead, we have a list of High Priority Projects, a much "
-"shorter list of projects we really want to encourage people to write."
-msgstr ""
-"(1) Ùا٠Ùذا Ù٠اÙعاÙ
1998Ù
. Ù٠اÙعاÙ
2009Ù
ÙÙ
تعد
ÙدÙÙا ÙائÙ
Ø© Ù
ÙاÙ
Ø·ÙÙÙØ© ÙÙ
ا "
-"Ù٠اÙسابÙ. إ٠اÙÙ
جتÙ
ع اÙبرÙ
ج٠Ù٠عاÙÙ
اÙÙÙÙ
ÙÙÙÙ
بتطÙÙر اÙبرÙ
جÙات اÙØرة "
-"بسرعة Ø£Ùبر Ù
Ù
ا ÙÙ
ÙÙÙا Ø£Ù ÙÙÙÙ
بÙ
تابعتÙا
ÙتسجÙÙÙا. ÙÙØ°ÙÙØ Ø¹Ùضا٠ع٠تÙÙ "
-"اÙÙائÙ
Ø©Ø Ø£ØµØ¨Ø ÙدÙÙا اÙÙÙÙ
ÙائÙ
Ø© ÙصÙرة باÙÙ
شارÙع ذات اﻷÙÙÙÙØ© اÙÙصÙÙØ Ø¨Ø§ï»¹Ø¶Ø§ÙØ© "
-"ÙÙائÙ
Ø© Ø£Ùصر Ù
ÙÙا تØتÙ٠عÙ٠اÙÙ
شارÙع اÙتÙ
Ùرغب بتشجÙع اÙÙ
برÙ
جÙÙ ÙÙÙÙÙ
Ùا "
-"بتطÙÙرÙا."
-
-#. type: Content of: <div><ol><li>
-# | [-(1)-]This license [-is now-] {+was initially+} called the GNU [-Lesser-]
-# | {+Library+} General Public License, {+we renamed it+} to avoid giving the
-# | idea that all libraries ought to use it. See <a
-# | href=\"/philosophy/why-not-lgpl.html\">Why you shouldn't use the Lesser
-# | GPL for your next library</a> for more information.
-#, fuzzy
-#| msgid ""
-#| "(1) This license is now called the GNU Lesser General Public License, to "
-#| "avoid giving the idea that all libraries ought to use it. See <a href=\"/"
-#| "philosophy/why-not-lgpl.html\">Why you shouldn't use the Lesser GPL for "
-#| "your next library</a> for more information."
-msgid ""
-"This license was initially called the GNU Library General Public License, we "
-"renamed it to avoid giving the idea that all libraries ought to use it. See "
-"<a href=\"/philosophy/why-not-lgpl.html\">Why you shouldn't use the Lesser "
-"GPL for your next library</a> for more information."
-msgstr ""
-"(1) Ùذ٠اÙرخصة تعر٠اÙآ٠برخصة جÙ٠اÙعاÙ
Ø©
اÙÙ
ØµØºØ±Ø©Ø Øت٠ﻻ Ùعط٠اﻻÙطباع بأ٠"
-"جÙ
Ùع اÙÙ
Ùتبات اÙبرÙ
جÙØ© Ùجب أ٠تستخدÙ
ÙØ°Ù
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بذÙÙا Ùصار٠جÙدÙا ÙتÙÙÙر ترجÙ
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ÙصÙÙÙÙ Ù
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شاع اÙإبداع٠Ùسب
اÙÙ
صÙÙ - Ù
Ùع اÙاشتÙا٠"
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ØÙ
د عصاÙ
<a
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Index: philosophy/philosophy.ar.html
===================================================================
RCS file: philosophy/philosophy.ar.html
diff -N philosophy/philosophy.ar.html
--- philosophy/philosophy.ar.html 21 Jun 2020 23:05:39 -0000 1.48
+++ /dev/null 1 Jan 1970 00:00:00 -0000
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شرÙع غÙÙ</h2>
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جÙات اÙØرة</em> تعÙ٠اÙØرÙØ© ÙÙ
ستخدÙ
٠اÙبرÙ
جÙات. )اÙÙضÙØ© ÙÙست
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اÙتشغÙ٠جÙÙ Øت٠ÙÙاÙ
اÙÙ
ستخدÙ
ØرÙØ© اÙجÙسبة.</p>
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جÙات اÙØرة تعÙ٠أ٠ÙÙÙ
ستخدÙ
<a
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اÙبرÙاÙ
Ø¬Ø (1)
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ج Ù٠صÙرة Ø£ÙÙاد٠اÙÙ
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عدÙØ©.</p>
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ج ع٠اÙأشÙاء اÙÙ
ادÙØ©— Ø Ù
ث٠اÙÙØ±Ø§Ø³Ù Ø ÙاÙسÙدÙÙشات Ø
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Ù ØÙØ« Ø£ÙÙ ÙÙ
ÙÙ ÙسخÙا
ÙتغÙÙرÙا بسÙÙÙØ© Ø£Ùبر. Ùذ٠اÙاخÙاص ÙÙ
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ج Ù
ÙÙØ¯Ø©Ø ÙÙØÙ Ùر٠أÙÙ Ùجب
Ø£Ù ÙÙÙÙ Ù
ستخدÙ
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ج ÙادرÙÙ
-عÙ٠اÙاستÙادة Ù
ÙÙا ÙÙÙس Ù
Ø·ÙرÙÙا ÙÙØ·.</p>
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زÙØ¯Ø Ù
Ù ÙضÙ٠إختÙر ÙÙرة Ù
Ù
اÙÙائÙ
Ø© أعÙاÙ.</p>
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Ø© Ù
Ù <a
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ÙاÙات
-اÙÙ
ضاÙØ©</a>.</p>
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ا Ù٠اÙبرÙ
جÙات
اÙØرةØ</a></li>
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-Ù
جاÙÙØ©</a></li>
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جÙات
اÙØرة</a>Ù٠أÙ
ر Ù
ÙبÙÙ!</li>
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جÙات اÙØرة</a></li>
- <li><a href="/philosophy/right-to-read.html">اÙØÙ ÙÙ Ùراءة :
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-Ù
Ù ÙبÙ<a href="http://www.stallman.org/";> رÙتشارد ستاÙÙ
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صادر اÙÙ
ÙتÙØØ©“ ع٠اÙÙÙطة
اÙأساسÙØ© ÙÙبرÙ
جÙات اÙØرة</a></li>
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تÙ
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جÙات اÙØرة (عÙ
ÙÙاÙ) Ø£ÙضÙ</a></li>
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Ù
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ات ÙدعÙ
اÙبرÙ
جÙات اÙØرة </a></li>
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جÙات اÙØرة
ÙاÙتعÙÙÙ
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Ø£Ùضا٠باÙÙ
ØاÙظ٠عÙÙ
ÙائÙ
Ø© <a
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ÙظÙ
ات اÙت٠تعÙ
Ù Ù
٠أجÙ
-اÙØرÙØ© Ù٠تÙÙ
ÙØ© اÙÙÙ
بÙÙتر ÙاÙاتصاÙات
اÙØ¥ÙÙترÙÙÙØ©</a>.</p>
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تعÙÙØ© باÙÙ FSF
ÙGNU Ø¥ÙÙ <a
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أخرÙ
-ÙÙاتصا٠<a href="/contact/"><span xml:lang="en" lang="en"> </span> بÙ
ؤسسة
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ÙÙطعة Ùأ٠تصØÙØات أ٠اÙتراØات Ø¥ÙÙ
-<a href="mailto:webmasters@gnu.org";><webmasters@gnu.org></a>.</p>
-
-<p>
-<!-- TRANSLATORS: Ignore the original text in this paragraph,
- replace it with the translation of these two:
-
- We work hard and do our best to provide accurate, good quality
- translations. However, we are not exempt from imperfection.
- Please send your comments and general suggestions in this regard
- to <a href="mailto:web-translators@gnu.org";>
-
- <web-translators@gnu.org></a>.</p>
-
- <p>For information on coordinating and submitting translations of
- our web pages, see <a
- href="/server/standards/README.translations.html">Translations
- README</a>. -->
-رغÙ
بذÙÙا Ùصار٠جÙدÙا ÙتÙÙÙر ترجÙ
ات دÙÙÙØ©
ذات جÙدة عاÙÙØ©Ø ÙØ¥ÙÙا Ùا Ùدع٠ÙÙ
اÙ
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عÙÙÙ
ات بشأ٠تÙسÙÙ
-ÙتÙدÙÙ
ترجÙ
ات Ù
ÙÙعÙا اÙØ¥ÙÙترÙÙÙØ ÙرجÙ
اÙاطÙاع عÙ٠اÙرابط اÙتاÙÙ <a
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Ø©</a>.</p>
-</div>
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- be under CC BY-ND 4.0. Please do NOT change or remove this
- without talking with the webmasters or licensing team first.
- Please make sure the copyright date is consistent with the
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- document was modified, or published.
- If you wish to list earlier years, that is ok too.
- Either "2001, 2002, 2003" or "2001-2003" are ok for specifying
- years, as long as each year in the range is in fact a copyrightable
- year, i.e., a year in which the document was published (including
- being publicly visible on the web or in a revision control system).
- There is more detail about copyright years in the GNU Maintainers
- Information document, www.gnu.org/prep/maintain. -->
-<p>Copyright © 2013 Ù
ؤسسة اÙبرÙ
جÙات اÙØØ±Ø©Ø Ø§ÙÙ
ØدÙدة.</p>
-
-<p>Ùذا اÙÙ
ÙصÙÙÙÙ Ù
رخص بÙ
Ùجب <a rel="license"
-href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nd/4.0/deed.ar";>رخصة اÙÙ
شاع
-اÙإبداع٠Ùسب اÙÙ
صÙÙ - Ù
Ùع اÙاشتÙا٠4.0
دÙÙÙ</a>.</p>
-
-<!--#include virtual="/server/bottom-notes.ar.html" -->
-<div class="translators-credits">
-
-<!--TRANSLATORS: Use space (SPC) as msgstr if you don't want credits.-->
-تÙ
تØدÙØ« اÙترجÙ
Ø© Ù
Ù Ùب٠<em>ÙشاÙ
ÙاÙ
Ùت</em>.<br
/>ÙرÙ٠اÙترجÙ
Ø© اÙعربÙØ©
-بإشرا٠<em>ØساÙ
ØسÙÙ</em>.</div>
-
-<p class="unprintable"><!-- timestamp start -->
-ØÙدثت:
-
-$Date: 2020/06/21 23:05:39 $
-
-<!-- timestamp end -->
-</p>
-</div>
-</div>
-<!-- for class="inner", starts in the banner include -->
-</body>
-</html>
Index: philosophy/fs-motives.ar.html
===================================================================
RCS file: philosophy/fs-motives.ar.html
diff -N philosophy/fs-motives.ar.html
--- philosophy/fs-motives.ar.html 14 Sep 2021 17:07:11 -0000 1.29
+++ /dev/null 1 Jan 1970 00:00:00 -0000
@@ -1,187 +0,0 @@
-<!--#set var="PO_FILE"
- value='<a href="/philosophy/po/fs-motives.ar.po">
- https://www.gnu.org/philosophy/po/fs-motives.ar.po</a>'
- --><!--#set var="ORIGINAL_FILE" value="/philosophy/fs-motives.html"
- --><!--#set var="DIFF_FILE" value="/philosophy/po/fs-motives.ar-diff.html"
- --><!--#set var="OUTDATED_SINCE" value="2021-07-16" --><!--#set
var="ENGLISH_PAGE" value="/philosophy/fs-motives.en.html" -->
-
-<!--#include virtual="/server/header.ar.html" -->
-<!-- Parent-Version: 1.77 -->
-
-<!-- This file is automatically generated by GNUnited Nations! -->
-<title>دÙاÙع Ùتابة اÙبرÙ
جÙات اÙØرة - Ù
شرÙع غÙÙ
- Ù
ؤسسة اÙبرÙ
جÙات اÙØرة</title>
-
-<!--#include virtual="/philosophy/po/fs-motives.translist" -->
-<!--#include virtual="/server/banner.ar.html" -->
-<!--#include virtual="/server/outdated.ar.html" -->
-<h2>دÙاÙع Ùتابة اÙبرÙ
جÙات اÙØرة</h2>
-
-<p>Ùا ترتÙب خطأ اÙاعتÙاد بأ٠تطÙÙر اÙبرÙ
جÙات ÙÙÙÙ
عÙ٠داÙع ÙاØد. ÙÙÙ
ا ÙÙ٠بعض
-اÙدÙاÙع اÙÙاÙ
ÙØ© Ùراء Ùتابة اÙبرÙ
جÙات
اÙØرة.
-</p>
-
-<dl>
-<dt>Ù
تعة</dt>
-
-<dd>باÙÙسبة Ùبعض اÙÙØ§Ø³Ø ÙÙÙ ÙØ«Ùر Ù
٠اÙØ£ØÙاÙ
Ø£Ùض٠اÙÙ
برÙ
جÙÙØ ÙØ¥Ù Ùتابة اÙبرÙ
جÙات
-Ù٠أعظÙ
Ù
ØªØ¹Ø©Ø Ø®Ø§ØµØ© عÙدÙ
ا Ùا ÙÙجد أ٠رئÙس
ÙÙÙÙ ÙÙ Ù
ا Ùجب ÙعÙÙ.<br />
-Ù
عظÙ
Ù
Ø·Ùر٠اÙبرÙ
جÙات اÙØرة ÙتشارÙÙÙ Ùذا
اÙداÙع.</dd>
-
-<dt>اÙÙ
ثاÙÙØ© اÙسÙاسÙØ©</dt>
-
-<dd>اÙرغبة Ù٠بÙاء عاÙÙ
تسÙد٠اÙØرÙØ© ÙÙ
ساعدة
Ù
ستخدÙ
٠اÙØاسÙب عÙ٠اÙÙرÙب Ù
Ù ÙÙØ©
-Ù
Ø·Ùر٠اÙبراÙ
ج.
-</dd>
-
-<dt>Ø£Ù ÙÙÙÙ ÙÙ Ù
عجبÙÙ</dt>
-
-<dd>إذا ÙÙت تÙتب براÙ
ج Øرة Ù
ÙÙدة ÙÙاجØØ©Ø ÙØ¥Ù
Ù
٠شأÙÙا أ٠تجع٠اÙÙ
ستخدÙ
ÙÙ Ù
عجبÙÙ
-بÙ. ÙÙذا ÙØ®ÙÙ ÙدÙ٠شعÙرا٠جÙدا٠جدÙا.
-</dd>
-
-<dt>سÙ
عة Ù
ÙÙÙØ©</dt>
-
-<dd>إذا ÙÙت تÙتب براÙ
ج Øرة Ù
ÙÙدة ÙÙاجØØ©Ø ÙØ¥Ù
Ù
٠شأÙÙا أ٠تÙÙÙ ÙاÙÙØ© ÙإظÙار Ù
ا
-إذا ÙÙت Ù
برÙ
جا جÙداÙ.
-</dd>
-
-<dt>اÙØس اÙجÙ
اعÙ</dt>
-
-<dd>باÙÙسبة ÙÙعدÙد Ù
٠اÙÙ
برÙ
جÙÙØ Ùإ٠اÙداÙع
Ùراء اÙÙ
شارÙØ© ÙÙÙ
Ù Ù٠اÙاÙتÙ
اء
-اÙجÙ
اعÙ. ÙØ°ÙÙ Ù
Ù Ø®Ùا٠اÙتعاÙÙ Ù
ع اÙآخرÙÙ ÙÙ
Ù
شارÙع عÙ
ÙÙ
ÙØ© ÙتطÙÙر اÙبرÙ
جÙات
-اÙØرة.</dd>
-
-<dt>اÙتعÙÙÙ
</dt>
-
-<dd>Ùتابة اÙبرÙ
جÙات اÙØرة تسÙ
Ø ÙÙ ÙÙ Ù
عظÙ
اÙØ£ØÙا٠بتØسÙÙ Ù
Ùارات٠اÙتÙÙÙØ©
-ÙاÙاجتÙ
اعÙØ© بشÙ٠باÙر. إذا ÙÙت أستاذاÙØ
Ùإ٠تشجÙع٠ÙÙØ·Ùبة عÙ٠اÙÙ
شارÙØ© ÙÙ
-براÙ
ج Ù
ÙجÙدة ÙتطÙÙر اÙبرÙ
جÙات اÙØرة Ø£Ù
تÙظÙÙ
ÙÙ
ÙÙ Ù
شارÙع Ù
خصصة ÙتطÙÙر
-اÙبرÙ
جÙات اÙØرة سÙØ´ÙÙ Ùرصة رائعة باÙÙسبة
ÙÙÙ
. </dd>
-
-<dt>اÙاÙ
تÙاÙ</dt>
-
-<dd>ÙÙ ØاÙØ© استخداÙ
Ù ÙÙبراÙ
ج اÙØرة ÙسÙÙات
عدÙدة ÙاستÙادت٠Ù
ÙÙا Ù٠عÙ
Ù٠بشÙ٠خاصØ
-ÙØ¥Ù٠ستشعر باÙاÙ
تÙا٠ÙاÙÙض٠ÙÙÙ
Ø·ÙرÙÙ
اÙخاصة بÙا. عÙد Ùتابة ÙبرÙاÙ
ج Ùد ÙÙÙد
-اÙÙØ«Ùر Ù
٠اÙÙØ§Ø³Ø ÙØ¥Ù Ùذ٠ستÙÙÙ Ùرصت٠Ùرد
اÙجÙ
ÙÙ.
-</dd>
-
-<dt>اÙÙراÙÙØ© ÙÙ
اÙÙرÙسÙÙت</dt>
-
-<dd>
-Ù
٠اÙخطأ Ø£Ù ÙرÙز ÙÙدÙا<a
href="/philosophy/microsoft.html">ØصرÙا٠عÙÙ
-Ù
اÙÙرÙسÙÙت</a>. Ù٠اÙÙاÙØ¹Ø Ù
اÙÙرÙسÙÙت شرÙرة
ÙØ£ÙÙا تصÙع براÙ
ج غÙر
-Ù
جاÙÙØ©. ÙاÙأسÙØ£ Ù
Ù Ø°Ù٠أ٠اﻷÙ
ر ÙتعÙ٠ببرÙ
جÙات <a
-href="/philosophy/proprietary/malware-microsoft.html"> Ù
ؤذÙØ©</a> ÙÙ
اÙعدÙد
-Ù
٠اÙØ£ØÙاÙØ Ø¨Ù
ا ÙÙ Ø°Ù٠تطبÙÙ <a
href="http://DefectiveByDesign.org";>إدارة
-اÙÙÙÙد اÙرÙÙ
ÙØ©</a> Ù٠اÙبراÙ
ج. ÙÙ٠اÙعدÙد Ù
Ù
اÙشرÙات اÙأخر٠تÙÙÙ
بÙاØد Ø£Ù ÙÙ
-Ù
Ù Ùذ٠اﻷÙ
Ùر. ÙاÙعد٠اﻷÙبر ÙØرÙتÙا اÙÙÙÙ
Ù٠شرÙØ© <a
-href="/philosophy/proprietary/malware-apple.html">أبÙ</a>.<br />
-
-باÙإضاÙØ© Ø¥ÙÙ Ø°ÙÙØ Ùإ٠اÙعدÙد Ù
٠اﻷشخاص
ÙØتÙرÙÙ ÙÙÙا٠Ù
اÙÙرÙسÙÙØªØ ÙÙÙا٠اÙبعض
-Ù
Ù
Ù ÙدÙعÙÙ
Ùذا اÙØ¥Øساس ÙÙÙ
شارÙØ© ÙÙ Ù
شارÙع
اÙبرÙ
جÙات اÙØرة.
-</dd>
-
-<dt>اÙÙ
اÙ</dt>
-
-<dd>ÙÙا٠اÙعدÙد Ù
Ù
Ù ÙتÙÙÙÙ Ù
ÙابÙا٠Ù
ادÙاÙ
ÙتطÙÙر اÙبرÙ
جÙات اÙØرة Ø£Ù ÙبÙاء أعÙ
اÙ
-ØÙÙÙا.
-</dd>
-
-<dt>اÙرغبة Ù٠اÙØصÙ٠عÙ٠برÙاÙ
ج Ø£ÙضÙ</dt>
-
-<dd>غاÙبا Ù
ا ÙعÙ
٠اﻷÙراد عÙ٠إدخا٠تØسÙÙات
Ù٠اÙبراÙ
ج اÙت٠ÙستخدÙ
ÙÙÙØ§Ø ÙØ°ÙÙ
-ÙجعÙÙا Ø£Ùثر Ù
ÙاءÙ
Ø©. (بعض اÙÙ
عÙÙÙÙ Ùا ÙعرÙÙÙ
داÙعا٠آخر غÙر ÙØ°Ø§Ø ÙÙÙ٠صÙرتÙÙ
-ع٠اÙطبÙعة اÙبشرÙØ© ضÙÙØ© جدا).
-</dd>
-
-</dl>
-
-<p>اÙطبÙعة اÙبشرÙØ© Ù
عÙØ¯Ø©Ø ÙÙ
٠اÙشائع جدا Ø£Ù
ÙÙÙÙ ÙÙØ¥Ùسا٠دÙاÙع Ù
تعددة ÙÙ ÙÙت
-ÙاØد ÙعÙ
Ù ÙاØد.</p>
-
-<p>ÙختÙÙ Ù٠شخص ع٠اÙØ¢Ø®Ø±Ø ÙÙ
٠اÙÙ
Ù
Ù٠أ٠تÙÙÙ
ÙÙا٠دÙاÙع أخر٠غائبة ع٠ÙØ°Ù
-اÙÙائÙ
Ø©. إذا ÙÙت تعر٠دÙاÙع أخر٠غÙر اÙÙ
Ø°ÙÙرة ÙÙØ§Ø ÙÙا تتردد Ù٠إرسا٠رساÙØ©
-Ø¥ÙÙ <a href="mailto:campaigns@gnu.org";><campaigns@gnu.org></a>.
Ùإذا
-ÙÙا ÙعتÙد أ٠اÙدÙاÙع اÙأخر٠Ùد تؤثر عÙÙ
اÙعدÙد Ù
٠اÙÙ
Ø·ÙرÙÙØ ÙØ¥ÙÙا سÙعÙ
٠عÙÙ
-إضاÙتÙا ÙÙÙائÙ
Ø©.</p>
-
-<div class="translators-notes">
-
-<!--TRANSLATORS: Use space (SPC) as msgstr if you don't have notes.-->
- </div>
-</div>
-
-<!-- for id="content", starts in the include above -->
-<!--#include virtual="/server/footer.ar.html" -->
-<div id="footer">
-<div class="unprintable">
-
-<p>Ùرج٠إرسا٠اÙاستÙسارات اÙÙ
تعÙÙØ© باÙÙ FSF
ÙGNU Ø¥ÙÙ <a
-href="mailto:gnu@gnu.org";><gnu@gnu.org></a>. ÙÙا٠أÙضا٠طرÙ
أخرÙ
-ÙÙاتصا٠<a href="/contact/"><span xml:lang="en" lang="en"> </span> بÙ
ؤسسة
-اÙبرÙ
جÙات اÙØرة</a>. Ùرج٠إرسا٠اÙÙصÙات اÙÙ
ÙÙطعة Ùأ٠تصØÙØات أ٠اÙتراØات Ø¥ÙÙ
-<a href="mailto:webmasters@gnu.org";><webmasters@gnu.org></a>.</p>
-
-<p>
-<!-- TRANSLATORS: Ignore the original text in this paragraph,
- replace it with the translation of these two:
-
- We work hard and do our best to provide accurate, good quality
- translations. However, we are not exempt from imperfection.
- Please send your comments and general suggestions in this regard
- to <a href="mailto:web-translators@gnu.org";>
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-
- <p>For information on coordinating and submitting translations of
- our web pages, see <a
- href="/server/standards/README.translations.html">Translations
- README</a>. -->
-رغÙ
بذÙÙا Ùصار٠جÙدÙا ÙتÙÙÙر ترجÙ
ات دÙÙÙØ©
ذات جÙدة عاÙÙØ©Ø ÙØ¥ÙÙا Ùا Ùدع٠ÙÙ
اÙ
-اÙÙصÙص ÙØ®ÙÙÙا Ù
٠اÙأخطاء. Ùرج٠إرساÙ
اÙتعÙÙÙات ÙاÙÙ
ÙترØات اÙÙ
تعÙÙØ© بÙذا
-اÙشأ٠إÙ٠عÙÙا٠اÙبرÙد اÙØ¥ÙÙترÙÙÙ <a
href="mailto:web-translators@gnu.org";>
-<web-translators@gnu.org></a>.</p> <p>ÙÙØصÙ٠عÙ٠أ٠Ù
عÙÙÙ
ات بشأ٠تÙسÙÙ
-ÙتÙدÙÙ
ترجÙ
ات Ù
ÙÙعÙا اÙØ¥ÙÙترÙÙÙØ ÙرجÙ
اÙاطÙاع عÙ٠اÙرابط اÙتاÙÙ <a
-href="/server/standards/README.translations.html">دÙÙ٠اÙترجÙ
Ø©</a>.</p>
-</div>
-
-<!-- Regarding copyright, in general, standalone pages (as opposed to
- files generated as part of manuals) on the GNU web server should
- be under CC BY-ND 3.0 US. Please do NOT change or remove this
- without talking with the webmasters or licensing team first.
- Please make sure the copyright date is consistent with the
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- If you wish to list earlier years, that is ok too.
- Either "2001, 2002, 2003" or "2001-2003" are ok for specifying
- years, as long as each year in the range is in fact a copyrightable
- year, i.e., a year in which the document was published (including
- being publicly visible on the web or in a revision control system).
-
- There is more detail about copyright years in the GNU Maintainers
- Information document, www.gnu.org/prep/maintain. -->
-<p>ØÙÙ٠اÙÙشر:</p><p style="direction: ltr">
-Copyright © 2009 Free Software Foundation, Inc. (Ù
ؤسسة اÙبرÙ
جÙات اÙØرة)</p>
-
-<p>Ùذا اÙÙ
ÙصÙÙÙÙ Ù
رخص بÙ
Ùجب <a rel="license"
-href="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nd/3.0/us/deed.ar";>رخصة اÙÙ
شاع
-اÙإبداع٠Ùسب اÙÙ
صÙÙ - Ù
Ùع اÙاشتÙا٠3.0
اÙÙÙاÙات اÙÙ
تØدة</a>.</p>
-
-<!--#include virtual="/server/bottom-notes.ar.html" -->
-<div class="translators-credits">
-
-<!--TRANSLATORS: Use space (SPC) as msgstr if you don't want credits.-->
-تÙ
تØدÙØ« اÙترجÙ
Ø© Ù
Ù Ùب٠<em>ÙÙص٠عÙÙ
Ù
ØسÙÙ</em>.</div>
-
-<p class="unprintable"><!-- timestamp start -->
-ØÙدÙثت:
-
-$Date: 2021/09/14 17:07:11 $
-
-<!-- timestamp end -->
-</p>
-</div>
-</div>
-</body>
-</html>
Index: philosophy/right-to-read.ar.html
===================================================================
RCS file: philosophy/right-to-read.ar.html
diff -N philosophy/right-to-read.ar.html
--- philosophy/right-to-read.ar.html 25 Oct 2019 17:54:44 -0000 1.23
+++ /dev/null 1 Jan 1970 00:00:00 -0000
@@ -1,460 +0,0 @@
-<!--#set var="PO_FILE"
- value='<a href="/philosophy/po/right-to-read.ar.po">
- https://www.gnu.org/philosophy/po/right-to-read.ar.po</a>'
- --><!--#set var="ORIGINAL_FILE" value="/philosophy/right-to-read.html"
- --><!--#set var="DIFF_FILE" value=""
- --><!--#set var="OUTDATED_SINCE" value="2012-01-09" -->
-
-<!--#include virtual="/server/header.ar.html" -->
-<!-- Parent-Version: 1.79 -->
-
-<!-- This file is automatically generated by GNUnited Nations! -->
-<title>Ø٠اÙÙراءة - Ù
شرÙع غÙÙ Ù
ؤسسة اÙبرÙ
جÙات
اÙØرة</title>
-<style type="text/css" media="print,screen"><!--
-blockquote {
- font-style: italic;
- margin: 0 6%;
-}
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-.announcement {
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- border-right: .3em solid #fc7;
- }
- #AuthorsNote .columns >
- p:first-child,
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- #AuthorsNote .columns p.emph-box {
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--->
-</style>
-
-<!--#include virtual="/philosophy/po/right-to-read.translist" -->
-<!--#include virtual="/server/banner.ar.html" -->
-<!--#include virtual="/server/outdated.ar.html" -->
-<h2 class="center">Ø٠اÙÙراءة</h2>
-
-<p class="byline center">
-بÙÙÙ
<a href="http://www.stallman.org/";>رÙتشارد ستÙÙÙ
Ù</a></p>
-<p class="center">
-<em>ÙÙشرت Ùذ٠اÙÙ
ÙاÙØ© Ø£ÙÙ Ù
رة Ù٠عدد ÙبراÙر
1997 Ù
Ù Ù
جÙØ©
-<cite>Communications of the ACM</cite>
-(اÙÙ
جÙد 40Ø Ø±ÙÙ
2).</em> </p>
-<hr class="thin" />
-
-<div class="article">
-<blockquote class="center"><p>
- Ù
Ù <cite>اÙطرÙ٠إÙ٠تÙØ®Ù</cite>Ø<sup><a
href="#Tycho">1</a></sup> ÙÙÙ Ù
جÙ
Ùعة
-Ù
ÙاÙات تتÙاÙ٠بداÙات اÙØ«Ùرة اÙتØررÙØ©Ø
ÙÙشرت ÙÙ
-Ù
دÙÙØ© اÙÙÙ
ر عاÙ
2096.
-</p></blockquote>
-
-<div class="columns">
-<p>
-بدأ اÙطرÙ٠إÙ٠تÙخ٠باÙÙسبة Ùدا٠ÙاÙبرت ÙÙ
اÙجاÙ
Ø¹Ø©Ø Ø¹ÙدÙ
ا Ø·Ùبت Ù
ÙÙ ÙÙزا ÙÙÙز
-استعارة ØاسÙب٠بسبب تعط٠ØاسÙبÙØ§Ø ÙÙØ£ÙÙا
-Ø¥Ù ÙÙ
تستعر غÙرÙ- Ùد تخÙÙ ÙÙ Ù
شرÙع
-Ù
Ùتص٠اÙعاÙ
. ÙÙ
تجرؤ عÙ٠اÙØ·Ùب Ù
٠أØد سÙÙ
داÙ.</p>
-
-<p>
-Ùضع Ø·ÙبÙا دا٠ÙÙ Ù
ÙÙÙ Ù
ØØ±Ø¬Ø ÙÙد Ùا٠ÙاجبÙا
عÙÙ٠أ٠ÙساعدÙØ§Ø ÙÙÙ٠خش٠أ٠تÙرأ
-Ùتب٠إ٠أعارÙا ØاسÙبÙØ ÙÙ٠اÙØ£Ù
ر اÙØ°Ù Ùد
ÙÙد٠ب٠إÙ٠اÙسج٠ÙسÙÙات Ø·ÙÙÙØ©
-بتÙÙ
Ø© اÙسÙ
Ø§Ø ÙÙآخرÙ٠بÙراءة ÙتبÙØ ÙÙÙ
اÙÙÙرة اÙت٠صÙدÙ
ÙسÙ
اعÙا Ø£ÙÙ Ù
رة. ÙÙد
-Ùا٠ÙÙدرÙس ÙÙ
ا ÙÙدرÙس غÙر٠Ù
ÙØ° اÙÙ
رØÙØ©
اÙابتدائÙØ© Ø£Ù Ù
شارÙØ© اÙÙتب تصر٠سÙØ¡
-ÙØ®Ø§Ø·Ø¦Ø ØªØµØ±Ù Ùا ÙÙعÙ٠إÙا اÙÙراصÙØ©.</p>
-
-<p>
-Ùا٠اØتÙ
ا٠اÙÙات٠Ù
Ù SPA (سÙطة ØÙ
اÙØ© اÙبرÙ
جÙات: Software Protection
-Authority) ضئÙÙا. ÙÙد تعÙÙ
ÙÙ Øصة اÙبرÙ
جÙات Ø£Ù
ÙÙ Ùتاب ÙØتÙÙ Ù
راÙب ØÙÙÙ Ùشر
-Ùرس٠ÙÙت ÙÙ
Ùا٠Ùراءة اÙÙتاب ÙاÙشخص اÙØ°Ù
Ùرأ٠إÙÙ Ù
Ùر اÙترخÙص اÙÙ
رÙزÙ. (ÙاÙÙا
-ÙستخدÙ
ÙÙ Ùذ٠اÙÙ
عÙÙÙ
ات ÙÙÙبض عÙÙ ÙراصÙØ©
اÙÙØ±Ø§Ø¡Ø©Ø ÙÙÙÙÙ
ÙاÙÙا Ø£ÙضÙا ÙبÙعÙÙ
-سجÙات اÙÙراءة اÙشخصÙØ© Ø¥Ù٠بائع٠اÙÙتب.)
عÙدÙ
ا Ùتص٠ØاسÙب٠باÙشبÙØ©Ø Ø³ÙÙ ÙعرÙ
-Ù
Ùر اÙترخÙص اÙÙ
رÙز٠بذÙÙØ ÙسÙÙ ÙعاÙب أشد
عÙÙبة -بصÙت٠Ù
اÙ٠اÙØاسÙب- ÙØ£ÙÙ ÙÙ
-ÙÙابد اÙصعاب ÙÙ
Ùع ÙÙÙع اÙجرÙÙ
Ø©.</p>
-
-<p>
-ÙÙ
تÙÙ ÙÙزا ترÙد باÙضرÙرة Ùراءة ÙتبÙ. Ùد
تÙÙ٠أرادت ØاسÙب٠ÙÙتابة
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خاطر اÙÙتب اÙØ¥ÙÙترÙÙÙØ©</a>.</p>
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-</li>
-
-<li>
-<div class="reduced-width">
-<p>
-سÙاسات اÙØ£Ù
٠اÙجاÙ
عÙØ© اÙÙ
Ø°ÙÙرة أعÙا٠ÙÙست
Ø®ÙاÙÙØ©Ø ÙØ¥Øد٠جاÙ
عات Ø´ÙÙاغ٠تعرض
-Ùذ٠اÙرساÙØ© عÙد اÙدخÙÙ:</p>
-
-<blockquote><p>
-ÙÙ
ÙÙ ÙÙØ· ÙÙÙ
ستخدÙ
Ù٠اÙÙ
ØµØ±Ø ÙÙÙ
استخداÙ
Ùذا
اÙÙظاÙ
. اÙØ£Ùراد اÙØ°ÙÙ ÙستخدÙ
ÙÙ
-ÙظاÙ
اÙØاسÙب Ùذا دÙ٠تصرÙØ Ø£Ù Ø¨Ø´ÙÙ ÙتجاÙز
تصرÙØÙÙ
سÙÙ ÙÙÙÙÙ٠عرضة ÙÙ
راÙبة
-ÙتسجÙÙ ÙÙ ÙشاطاتÙÙ
عÙÙ Ùذا اÙÙظاÙ
Ù
Ù ÙبÙ
اÙإدارÙÙÙ. Ù٠إطار Ù
راÙبة اÙØ£Ùراد
-اÙØ°ÙÙ ÙستخدÙ
ÙÙ Ùذا اÙÙظاÙ
بطرÙÙØ© غÙر Ù
ÙائÙ
Ø© Ø£Ù Ù٠إطار اÙإشرا٠عÙ٠اÙÙظاÙ
Ø
-ÙÙ
Ù٠أ٠ÙÙراÙÙب اÙÙ
ستخدÙ
Ù٠اÙÙ
صرØÙ٠أÙضÙا.
أ٠شخص ÙستخدÙ
Ùذا اÙÙظاÙ
ÙÙر
-صراØØ© بÙذ٠اÙرÙابة ÙØ£Ù Ùذ٠اÙرÙابة Ùد تظÙر
أدÙØ© Ù
ØتÙ
ÙØ© ÙÙشاط غÙر ÙاÙÙÙ٠أÙ
-خار٠ÙتعÙÙÙ
ات اÙجاÙ
Ø¹Ø©Ø ÙÙÙ
Ù٠أ٠ÙÙÙر
اÙإدارÙÙ٠أدÙØ© Ù
٠اÙÙ
راÙبة Ø¥Ù٠سÙطات
-اÙجاÙ
عة أ٠اÙسÙطات اÙÙاÙÙÙÙØ©.
-</p></blockquote>
-
-<p>
-Ø¥Ù Ùذا ÙÙاÙتزاÙ
رائع باÙتعدÙ٠اÙرابع<sup><a
href="#fourth">3</a></sup>: اضغط
-عÙ٠اÙجÙ
Ùع ÙÙÙاÙÙÙا Ù
سبÙا عÙ٠اÙتÙاز٠عÙ
ÙÙ ØÙÙÙÙÙ
تØتÙ.</p>
-</div>
-</li>
-</ul>
-<div class="column-limit"></div>
-</div>
-</div>
-
-<h3 id="BadNews">اخبار سÙئة</h3>
-
-<p>
-ÙتÙاÙÙ <a href="#AuthorsNote">تعÙÙ٠اÙÙ
ؤÙÙ</a> ØدÙØ«Ùا
ع٠Ù
عرÙØ© Ø٠اÙÙراءة
-ÙاÙرÙابة اÙØ¥ÙÙترÙÙÙØ©. ÙÙد بدأت اÙÙ
عرÙØ©
اÙØ¢ÙØ ÙÙا ÙصÙتÙÙ ÙÙ
ÙاÙتÙ٠ع٠اÙتÙÙÙات
-اÙت٠Ùجر٠تطÙÙرÙا ÙØرÙ
اÙÙ Ù
Ù ØÙÙ ÙÙ
اÙÙراءة.
-</p>
-
-<ul>
-<li><p><a
-href="http://www.zdnet.com/article/seybold-opens-chapter-on-digital-books";>Electronic
-Publishing</a>: Ù
ÙاÙØ© ع٠تÙزÙع اÙÙتب بصÙغة
Ø¥ÙÙترÙÙÙØ© ÙÙ
شاÙÙ ØÙÙ٠اÙÙشر اÙتÙ
-تؤثر عÙÙ ØÙ Ùراءة اÙÙسخة.</p></li>
-
-<li><p><a
-href="http://news.microsoft.com/1999/08/30/microsoft-announces-new-software-for-reading-on-screen";>Books
-inside Computers</a>: برÙ
جÙات تتØÙÙ
بÙ
Ù ÙÙ
ÙÙÙ Ùراءة
اÙÙتب ÙاÙÙثائ٠عÙÙ
-اÙØÙاسÙب اÙشخصÙØ©.</p></li>
-
-</ul>
-
-<div id="References">
-<h3>Ù
راجع</h3>
-
-<ul style="text-align: left" dir="ltr">
- <li>The administration's “White Paper”: Information
Infrastructure
-Task Force, Intellectual Property [<a
-href="/philosophy/not-ipr.html">sic</a>] and the National Information
-Infrastructure: The Report of the Working Group on Intellectual Property
-[sic] Rights (1995).</li>
-
- <li><a href="http://www.wired.com/wired/archive/4.01/white.paper_pr.html";>An
-explanation of the White Paper: The Copyright Grab</a>, Pamela Samuelson,
-<cite>Wired</cite>, January 1st, 1996.</li>
-
- <li><a href="http://www.law.duke.edu/boylesite/sold_out.htm";>Sold Out</a>,
James
-Boyle, <cite>New York Times</cite>, March 31, 1996.</li>
-
- <li><a
-href="http://web.archive.org/web/20130508120533/http://www.interesting-people.org/archives/interesting-people/199611/msg00012.html";>Public
-Data or Private Data</a>, Dave Farber, <cite>Washington Post</cite>,
-November 4, 1996.</li>
-
- <li><a
-href="https://web.archive.org/web/20151113122141/http://public-domain.org/";>Union
-for the Public Domain</a>:<div style="direction: rtl"> Ù
ÙظÙ
Ø© تÙدÙ
Ø¥ÙÙ Ù
ÙاÙÙ
Ø© Ùاستعادة تÙسÙع ÙÙØ©
-ØÙÙ٠اÙÙشر Ùبراءة اÙاختراع اÙزائد عÙ
ØدÙ.</div></li>
-</ul>
-</div>
-
-<hr class="thin" />
-<blockquote id="fsfs"><p class="big">Ùذ٠اÙÙصÙØØ© ÙÙشرت ÙÙ <a
-href="http://shop.fsf.org/product/free-software-free-society/";><cite>Ù
جتÙ
ع
-اÙبرÙ
جÙات اÙØرة: ÙØµØ§Ø¦Ø Ù
ÙتÙاة Ù
٠رÙتشارد Ø¥Ù
. ستÙÙÙ
Ù</cite></a>.</p></blockquote>
-
-<div class="translators-notes">
-
-<!--TRANSLATORS: Use space (SPC) as msgstr if you don't have notes.-->
-<hr class="thin" />
-<b>ÙاÙ
Ø´ اÙÙ
ترجÙ
</b>:<br /> <ol><li id="Tycho"><a
-href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tycho_%28crater%29";>تÙØ®Ù</a>: Ø¥ØدÙ
اÙØÙر
-اÙبارزة عÙÙ Ø³Ø·Ø Ø§ÙÙÙ
Ø±Ø Ø§Ùت٠تÙترض اÙÙصة
عÙØ´ اÙÙاس ÙÙÙا Ù٠اÙÙ
ستÙبÙ.</li> <li
-id="root"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Superuser";>اÙجذر</a>:
Øساب
-Ù
ستخدÙ
خاص ÙستخدÙ
Ùإدارة اÙÙظاÙ
Ø ÙسÙ
Ù
Ø£ØÙاÙÙا âاÙÙ
ستخدÙ
اÙإدارÙâ</li> <li
-id="fourth"><a
-href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fourth_Amendment_to_the_United_States_Constitution";>اÙتعدÙÙ
-اÙرابع Ù٠اÙدستÙر اÙØ£Ù
رÙÙÙ</a>: ÙÙرة ÙÙ
اÙدستÙر اÙØ£Ù
رÙÙ٠تÙÙ٠أÙ
٠اÙÙ
Ù
تÙÙات
-اÙخاصة Ù
٠اÙتÙتÙØ´ بدÙ٠سبب.</li></ol></div>
-</div>
-
-<!-- for id="content", starts in the include above -->
-<!--#include virtual="/server/footer.ar.html" -->
-<div id="footer">
-<div class="unprintable">
-
-<p>Ùرج٠إرسا٠اÙاستÙسارات اÙÙ
تعÙÙØ© باÙÙ FSF
ÙGNU Ø¥ÙÙ <a
-href="mailto:gnu@gnu.org";><gnu@gnu.org></a>. ÙÙا٠أÙضا٠طرÙ
أخرÙ
-ÙÙاتصا٠<a href="/contact/"><span xml:lang="en" lang="en"> </span> بÙ
ؤسسة
-اÙبرÙ
جÙات اÙØرة</a>. Ùرج٠إرسا٠اÙÙصÙات اÙÙ
ÙÙطعة Ùأ٠تصØÙØات أ٠اÙتراØات Ø¥ÙÙ
-<a href="mailto:webmasters@gnu.org";><webmasters@gnu.org></a>.</p>
-
-<p>
-<!-- TRANSLATORS: Ignore the original text in this paragraph,
- replace it with the translation of these two:
-
- We work hard and do our best to provide accurate, good quality
- translations. However, we are not exempt from imperfection.
- Please send your comments and general suggestions in this regard
- to <a href="mailto:web-translators@gnu.org";>
-
- <web-translators@gnu.org></a>.</p>
-
- <p>For information on coordinating and submitting translations of
- our web pages, see <a
- href="/server/standards/README.translations.html">Translations
- README</a>. -->
-رغÙ
بذÙÙا Ùصار٠جÙدÙا ÙتÙÙÙر ترجÙ
ات دÙÙÙØ©
ذات جÙدة عاÙÙØ©Ø ÙØ¥ÙÙا Ùا Ùدع٠ÙÙ
اÙ
-اÙÙصÙص ÙØ®ÙÙÙا Ù
٠اÙأخطاء. Ùرج٠إرساÙ
اÙتعÙÙÙات ÙاÙÙ
ÙترØات اÙÙ
تعÙÙØ© بÙذا
-اÙشأ٠إÙ٠عÙÙا٠اÙبرÙد اÙØ¥ÙÙترÙÙÙ <a
href="mailto:web-translators@gnu.org";>
-<web-translators@gnu.org></a>.</p> <p>ÙÙØصÙ٠عÙ٠أ٠Ù
عÙÙÙ
ات بشأ٠تÙسÙÙ
-ÙتÙدÙÙ
ترجÙ
ات Ù
ÙÙعÙا اÙØ¥ÙÙترÙÙÙØ ÙرجÙ
اÙاطÙاع عÙ٠اÙرابط اÙتاÙÙ <a
-href="/server/standards/README.translations.html">دÙÙ٠اÙترجÙ
Ø©</a>.</p>
-</div>
-
-<!-- Regarding copyright, in general, standalone pages (as opposed to
- files generated as part of manuals) on the GNU web server should
- be under CC BY-ND 4.0. Please do NOT change or remove this
- without talking with the webmasters or licensing team first.
- Please make sure the copyright date is consistent with the
- document. For web pages, it is ok to list just the latest year the
- document was modified, or published.
- If you wish to list earlier years, that is ok too.
- Either "2001, 2002, 2003" or "2001-2003" are ok for specifying
- years, as long as each year in the range is in fact a copyrightable
- year, i.e., a year in which the document was published (including
- being publicly visible on the web or in a revision control system).
- There is more detail about copyright years in the GNU Maintainers
- Information document, www.gnu.org/prep/maintain. -->
-<p>Copyright © 1996, 2002, 2007, 2009, 2010 رÙتشارد ساÙÙ
Ù</p>
-
-<p>Ùذا اÙÙ
ÙصÙÙÙÙ Ù
رخص بÙ
Ùجب <a rel="license"
-href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nd/4.0/deed.ar";>رخصة اÙÙ
شاع
-اÙإبداع٠Ùسب اÙÙ
صÙÙ - Ù
Ùع اÙاشتÙا٠4.0
دÙÙÙ</a>.</p>
-
-<!--#include virtual="/server/bottom-notes.ar.html" -->
-<div class="translators-credits">
-
-<!--TRANSLATORS: Use space (SPC) as msgstr if you don't want credits.-->
-ترجÙ
Ùا <a href="mailto:osamak.wfm@gmail.com";><em>أساÙ
Ø©
خاÙد</em></a><br
-/>.ÙرÙ٠اÙترجÙ
Ø© اÙعربÙØ© بإشرا٠<em>ØساÙ
ØسÙÙ</em>.</div>
-
-<p class="unprintable"><!-- timestamp start -->
-ØÙدÙثت:
-
-$Date: 2019/10/25 17:54:44 $
-
-<!-- timestamp end -->
-</p>
-</div>
-</div>
-</body>
-</html>
Index: gnu/thegnuproject.ar.html
===================================================================
RCS file: gnu/thegnuproject.ar.html
diff -N gnu/thegnuproject.ar.html
--- gnu/thegnuproject.ar.html 25 Dec 2021 21:34:15 -0000 1.10
+++ /dev/null 1 Jan 1970 00:00:00 -0000
@@ -1,1073 +0,0 @@
-<!--#set var="PO_FILE"
- value='<a href="/gnu/po/thegnuproject.ar.po">
- https://www.gnu.org/gnu/po/thegnuproject.ar.po</a>'
- --><!--#set var="ORIGINAL_FILE" value="/gnu/thegnuproject.html"
- --><!--#set var="DIFF_FILE" value="/gnu/po/thegnuproject.ar-diff.html"
- --><!--#set var="OUTDATED_SINCE" value="2021-10-24" -->
-
-<!--#include virtual="/server/header.ar.html" -->
-<!-- Parent-Version: 1.86 -->
-
-<!-- This file is automatically generated by GNUnited Nations! -->
-<title>ØÙÙ Ù
شرÙع جÙÙ - Ù
شرÙع جÙÙ - Ù
ؤسسة اÙبرÙ
جÙات اÙØرة</title>
-<meta http-equiv="Keywords" content="جÙÙØ Ù
شرÙع جÙÙØ Ø§ÙبرÙ
جÙات اÙØØ±Ø©Ø Ù
ؤسسة اÙبرÙ
جÙات اÙØرةØ
اÙتارÙØ®" />
-
-<!--#include virtual="/gnu/po/thegnuproject.translist" -->
-<!--#include virtual="/server/banner.ar.html" -->
-<!--#include virtual="/server/outdated.ar.html" -->
-<h2>Ù
شرÙع جÙÙ</h2>
-
-<p>
-بÙÙÙ
<a href="http://www.stallman.org/";><strong>رÙتشارد ستاÙÙ
اÙ</strong></a></p>
-
-<blockquote>
-<p>
-Ùذا اÙÙ
Ùا٠تÙ
Ùشر٠أÙÙا٠ÙÙ Ùتاب <em>اÙÙ
صادر
اÙÙ
ÙتÙØØ© (Open
-Sources)</em>. رÙتشارد ستاÙÙ
ا٠ÙÙ
ÙÙ٠أبدا٠Ù
Ù <a
-href="/philosophy/open-source-misses-the-point.html">Ù
ÙاصرÙ
استخداÙ
تعبÙر
-“اÙÙ
صادر اÙÙ
ÙتÙØØ©”</a>Ø ÙÙÙÙ٠شارÙ
بÙذا اÙÙ
Ùا٠Ù٠اÙÙتاب اÙÙ
Ø°ÙÙر
-ﻻعتÙاد٠أÙÙ Ù
٠اﻷÙض٠أ٠تÙÙ٠أÙÙار ÙرؤÙ
ØرÙØ© اÙبرÙ
جÙات اÙØرة Ù
Ø°ÙÙرة ÙÙ
-اÙÙتاب ع٠أ٠تÙÙ٠غائبة عÙÙ.
-</p>
-<p>
-ÙÙ
اذا ÙؤÙ
٠أÙÙ Ù
٠اﻷÙÙ
ÙØ© بÙ
Ùا٠<a
-href="/philosophy/free-software-even-more-important.html">Ø£Ù Ùصر جÙ
Ùعا٠عÙÙ
-أ٠تÙÙ٠اÙبرÙ
جÙات اÙت٠ÙستخدÙ
Ùا Øرة</a>.
-</p>
-</blockquote>
-
-<h3>Ø£ÙÙ Ù
جتÙ
ع ÙÙ
شارÙØ© اÙبرÙ
جÙات</h3>
-<p>
-ØÙÙÙ
ا بدأت اÙعÙ
٠بÙ
ختبر اÙØ°Ùاء اﻻصطÙاع٠بÙ
عÙد Ù
اساشÙستس ÙÙتÙÙÙÙÙجÙا <abbr
-title="Massachusetts Institute of Technology">MIT</abbr> Ù٠اÙعاÙ
1971Ù
Ø
-Ùجدت Ø£ÙÙ٠صرت جزءا٠Ù
Ù Ù
جتÙ
ع ÙÙÙÙ
بÙ
شارÙØ©
اÙبرÙ
جÙØ§ØªØ Ø§Ùشئ اÙØ°Ù Ùا٠Ù
تÙاصÙاÙ
-Ù٠اﻷعÙاÙ
اÙت٠سبÙت اÙتØاÙ٠باÙÙ
ختبر. ÙÙ
تÙÙ Ù
شارÙØ© اÙبرÙ
جÙات Ù
Ùتصرة تØدÙداÙ
-عÙÙ Ù
جتÙ
عÙØ§Ø Ø¨Ù ÙاÙت Ù
Ù
ارسة ÙدÙÙ
Ø© ÙدÙ
اÙØÙاسÙب ÙÙسÙØ§Ø Ù
Ø«ÙÙ
ا Ø£Ù Ù
شارÙØ© ÙصÙات
-اÙطبخ ÙدÙÙ
Ø© ÙدÙ
عÙ
ÙÙØ© اÙطبخ ÙÙ Øد ذاتÙا.
غÙر Ø£ÙÙا ÙÙا ÙÙÙÙ
باÙÙ
شارÙØ© Ø£Ùثر
-بÙØ«Ùر Ù
٠غÙرÙا.</p>
-<p>
-Ùا٠Ù
ختبر اÙØ°Ùاء اﻻصطÙاع٠ÙستخدÙ
ÙظاÙ
تشغÙÙ ÙعتÙ
د Ù
بدأ اÙÙ
شارÙØ© باÙÙÙØªØ ÙÙاÙ
-اÙÙظاÙ
Ùدع٠ÙظاÙ
اÙÙ
شارÙØ© باÙÙÙت غÙر
اÙتÙاÙÙÙ <abbr title="Incompatible
-Timesharing System">ITS</abbr> (the Incompatible Timesharing System). ÙاÙ
-ÙراصÙØ© اÙÙ
برÙ
جÙÙ ÙÙ ÙرÙ٠عÙ
٠اÙÙ
ختبر (1) Ùد
صÙ
Ù
Ùا ÙبرÙ
جÙا اÙÙظاÙ
باستخداÙ
-Ùغة اÙتجÙ
ÙØ¹Ø Ø¹Ù٠أجÙزة دÙجÙتا٠<abbr
title="Programmed Data
-Processor">PDP</abbr>-10Ø ÙÙÙ Ù
٠أضخÙ
اÙØÙاسÙب اÙتÙ
ÙاÙت Ù
ÙجÙدة ÙÙ Ø°ÙÙ
-اÙÙÙت. ÙØÙØ« Ø£ÙÙÙ ÙÙت عضÙا٠ÙÙ Ùذا اÙÙ
جتÙ
عØ
ÙÙ
برÙ
جا٠ÙÙ ÙرÙ٠عÙ
Ù Ù
ختبر اÙØ°Ùاء
-اﻻصطÙاعÙØ ÙÙد ÙاÙت ÙظÙÙت٠تتطÙب أ٠أÙÙÙ
بتØسÙÙ Ùذا اÙÙظاÙ
.</p>
-<p>
-ÙÙ Ø°Ù٠اÙÙÙØªØ ÙÙ
ÙÙÙ ÙØ·Ù٠عÙ٠برÙ
جÙاتÙا ÙÙظ
“اÙبرÙ
جÙات اÙØرة”Ø
-ÙØ°Ù٠ﻷ٠اÙÙÙظ ÙÙ
ÙÙÙ Ùد تÙ
اختراع٠بعدØ
ÙÙÙÙ Ùذا ï»» ÙÙ
Ùع Ù
٠أ٠Ù
ا ÙÙا ÙÙ
ارسÙ
-Ùا٠ØرÙØ© اÙبرÙ
جÙات. ØÙÙÙ
ا Ùا٠اÙÙ
برÙ
جÙÙ
اÙتابعÙÙ ÙجاÙ
عة أخر٠أ٠شرÙØ© Ù
ختÙÙØ©
-ÙرغبÙÙ Ù٠استخداÙ
أ٠ترÙÙØ© Ø£Øد براÙ
جÙاØ
ÙÙا ÙسÙ
Ø ÙÙÙ
بذÙÙ. ØÙÙÙ
ا ÙÙت ترÙ
-شخصا٠آخر ÙستخدÙ
برÙاÙ
جا٠غÙر Ù
Ø£ÙÙÙ ÙÙجذب
Ø°Ù٠اÙتباÙÙØ Ùا٠بإÙ
ÙاÙ٠أ٠تطÙب
-Ù
٠اÙشخص اﻵخر Ø£Ù ÙسÙ
Ø Ù٠برؤÙØ© Ø´Ùرة اÙÙ
ØµØ¯Ø±Ø ØÙØ« ÙÙ
ÙÙ٠أ٠تÙرأÙØ§Ø ÙتÙÙÙ
-بتعدÙÙÙØ§Ø ÙÙ
Ù Ø«Ù
تستخدÙ
أجزاء Ù
ÙÙا ÙعÙ
Ù
برÙاÙ
ج جدÙد ÙÙÙاÙ.</p>
-<p>
-(1) استخداÙ
ÙÙظة “ÙرصÙØ©” بÙ
عÙÙ “Ùسر
اﻷÙ
Ù” Ù٠خطأ
-شائع ترتÙب٠اÙÙسائط اﻹعÙاÙ
ÙØ© اÙØدÙثة. ÙØÙ
ÙÙراصÙØ© Ù
برÙ
جÙÙ ÙرÙض Ø£Ù Ùعتر٠بÙذا
-اÙÙ
عÙ٠اÙØ®Ø§Ø·Ø¦Ø ÙÙصر عÙ٠استخداÙ
اÙÙÙÙ
Ø© بÙ
عÙاÙا اÙصØÙØ ÙاÙØ°Ù ÙعÙ٠أ٠اÙÙرصاÙ
-Ù٠شخص Ùجب اÙبرÙ
Ø¬Ø©Ø Ø£Ù Ø´Ø®Øµ ÙستÙ
تع باÙØ°Ùاء
اÙÙ
رØØ Ø£Ù Ø´Ø®Øµ ÙÙ
ارس اﻻثÙÙÙ
-Ù
عاÙ. ÙÙ
ÙÙÙ Ùراءة اÙÙ
زÙد ÙÙ Ù
ÙاÙت٠<a
-href="http://stallman.org/articles/on-hacking.html";>ØÙ٠اÙÙرصÙØ©
-اÙبرÙ
جÙØ©</a>.</p>
-
-<h3>اÙÙÙار اÙÙ
جتÙ
ع اﻷÙÙÙ</h3>
-<p>
-Ù٠بداÙØ© اÙØ«Ù
اÙÙÙÙات Ù
٠اÙÙر٠اÙÙ
اضÙØ ØªØºÙر
اÙÙضع ÙÙÙا٠عÙ
ا Ùا٠عÙÙÙØ ÙØ°ÙÙ
-ØÙÙÙ
ا Ùررت شرÙØ© دÙجÙتا٠Digital Ø¥ÙÙا٠تصÙÙع
سÙسÙØ© ØÙاسÙب PDP-10. بÙÙÙ
ا ÙاÙ
-اÙتصÙ
ÙÙ
راÙÙا٠ÙÙÙÙا٠بÙ
ا ÙÙاسب
اÙستÙÙÙØ§ØªØ Ø¥ï»» Ø£ÙÙ ÙØ´Ù Ù٠اÙتÙسع بÙ
ا ÙÙائÙ
-Ù
ساØات اÙعÙاÙÙ٠اÙضخÙ
Ø© اÙت٠صارت Ù
تÙÙرة ÙÙ
اÙØ«Ù
اÙÙÙÙات. Ùذا Ùا٠ÙعÙ٠أ٠جÙ
Ùع
-اÙبراÙ
ج اÙت٠تÙÙÙ Ù
ÙÙا ÙظاÙ
اÙÙ
شارÙØ©
باÙÙÙت غÙر اÙتÙاÙÙÙ ITS Ùد أصبØت باÙÙØ©
-ÙغÙر صاÙØØ© ÙÙعÙ
Ù.</p>
-<p>
-Ùا٠Ù
جتÙ
ع اÙÙراصÙØ© اÙÙ
برÙ
جÙ٠بÙ
ختبر
اÙØ°Ùاء اﻻصطÙاع٠Ùد اÙÙار Ùب٠ذÙ٠بÙترة
-ÙصÙرة. ÙÙ٠اÙعاÙ
1981Ù
Ø ÙاÙت شرÙØ© سÙÙ
بÙÙÙس
(Symbolics) Ùد ÙجØت Ù٠تÙظÙ٠أغÙب
-اÙÙراصÙØ© اÙÙ
برÙ
جÙ٠اÙتابعÙÙ ÙÙ
ختبر اÙØ°Ùاء
اÙاصطÙاعÙØ Ù
Ù
ا أد٠ﻹضعا٠Ù
جتÙ
ع
-اÙÙ
برÙ
جÙ٠اÙذ٠صار عاجزا٠ع٠اÙÙ
شارÙØ© بÙÙس
اÙطرÙÙØ© اÙسابÙØ©. (Ø¥Ù Ùتاب
-اÙÙراصÙØ© (Hackers)Ø Ù
٠تأÙÙ٠ستÙÙ ÙÙÙÙØ ÙØÙÙ
ÙصÙا٠دÙÙÙا٠ÙÙذ٠اﻷØداثØ
-باﻹضاÙØ© Ø¥Ù٠أÙÙ ÙرسÙ
صÙرة ÙاضØØ© ÙÙذا اÙÙ
جتÙ
ع Ù٠ذرÙØ© ÙشاطÙ). ÙÙÙ
ا Ø¨Ø¹Ø¯Ø ØÙÙÙ
ا
-ÙاÙ
Ù
ختبر اÙØ°Ùاء اﻻصطÙاع٠Ù٠اÙعاÙ
1982Ù
بشراء جÙاز ØاسÙب PDP-10 ØدÙØ«Ø Ùرر
-اÙÙ
دراء استخداÙ
ÙظاÙ
تشغÙ٠اÙÙ
شارÙØ©
باÙÙÙت Ù
٠دÙجÙتاÙØ ÙاÙØ°Ù ÙÙ
ÙÙÙ ØراÙØ
-عÙضا٠ع٠ÙظاÙ
ITS اÙÙدÙÙ
.</p>
-<p>
-أجÙزة اÙØÙاسÙب اÙØدÙثة ÙÙ Ø°Ù٠اÙÙÙØªØ ÙجÙاز
VAX أ٠جÙاز 68020Ø ÙاÙت جÙ
ÙعÙا
-تØÙ٠أÙظÙ
Ø© اÙتشغÙ٠اÙخاصة بÙØ§Ø ÙاÙت٠ÙÙ
ÙÙ٠أÙÙا ØراÙ: Ùا٠Ùجب عÙÙ٠أ٠تÙÙÙ
-بتÙÙÙع اتÙاÙÙØ© عدÙ
Ø¥Ùشاء اﻷسرار ÙÙ ÙÙت
ترغب باÙØصÙ٠عÙÙ Ùسخة Ù
٠اÙبرÙاÙ
ج.</p>
-<p>
-Ùا٠Ùذا ÙعÙ٠أ٠أÙ٠خطÙØ© ÙتÙجب عÙÙ٠اÙÙÙاÙ
بÙا ﻻستخداÙ
جÙاز ØاسÙب Ù٠أ٠تعد
-بأÙÙ Ù٠تÙدÙ
Ùد اÙعÙÙ ÙجارÙØ Ø¨Ù
ا ÙعÙ٠تØرÙÙ
اÙÙ
شارÙØ© Ù٠اÙÙ
جتÙ
ع. Ùا٠اÙÙاÙÙÙ
-اÙجدÙد اÙØ°Ù Ùضع٠Ù
Ùا٠اÙبرÙ
جÙات اﻻØتÙارÙØ©
ÙÙ: “إذا ÙÙ
ت باÙÙ
شارÙØ© Ù
ع
-جارÙØ ÙØ£Ùت إذا٠ÙرصاÙ. إذا ÙÙت ترغب بإجراء
أ٠تعدÙÙات عÙ٠اÙبرÙاÙ
Ø¬Ø Ùجب عÙÙÙ
-أ٠تتÙس٠إÙÙÙا ÙÙÙÙÙ
بذÙÙ.”</p>
-<p>
-Ùد ÙتÙاجأ بعض اÙÙراء Ù
Ù ÙÙرة أ٠اÙÙظاÙ
اﻻجتÙ
اع٠ÙÙبرÙ
جÙات اﻻØتÙارÙØ© —
-ÙÙ٠اÙÙظاÙ
اÙØ°Ù ÙÙرض ÙاÙÙ٠عدÙ
اÙÙ
شارÙØ©
ÙعدÙ
تعدÙ٠اÙبرÙ
جÙات — ÙÙ ÙظاÙ
-ï»» اجتÙ
اعÙØ ÙÙ
ا Ø£ÙÙ ÙظاÙ
ï»» أخÙاÙÙØ
ÙباÙتاÙÙ ÙÙÙ Ù
Ù
ارسة خاطئة Ù
٠أساسÙا. ÙÙÙÙ
-Ù
اذا ÙÙ
ÙÙÙا Ø£Ù ÙØ·Ù٠عÙÙ ÙظاÙ
ÙعتÙ
د عÙÙ
تÙرÙ٠اÙرأ٠اÙعاÙ
Ø ÙÙجع٠اÙÙ
ستخدÙ
ÙÙ ï»»
-ØÙÙ ÙÙÙ
Ùï»» ÙÙØ©Ø Ø§ÙÙارئ اÙØ°Ù Ùجد Ùذ٠اÙÙÙرة
Ù
Ùاجئة ÙÙ Ù
٠اÙتÙع بأ٠ÙظاÙ
-اÙبرÙ
جÙات اﻻØتÙارÙØ© اﻻجتÙ
اع٠ÙÙ ÙظاÙ
Ù
ÙسÙÙÙ
بÙØ Ø£Ù ÙÙ Ù
Ù ØÙÙ
عÙ٠اÙÙظاÙ
-باﻻعتÙ
اد عÙ٠اÙشرÙØ· اÙت٠ÙرضÙا عÙÙ٠أصØاب
اÙبرÙ
جÙات اﻻØتÙارÙØ© Ø£ÙÙسÙÙ
. ÙÙ
ÙÙÙا
-Ø£Ù ÙتÙÙÙ
Ø°ÙÙØ ÙÙاشر٠اÙبراÙ
ج Ùد بذÙÙا
اÙÙØ«Ùر Ù
٠اÙÙÙت ÙاÙجÙد ﻹÙÙاع
-اÙÙ
ستخدÙ
Ù٠بأ٠ÙÙا٠طرÙÙØ© ÙاØدة ÙÙØ· ÙÙØÙÙ
عÙÙ Ùذ٠اÙÙ
سأÙØ©.</p>
-<p>
-ØÙÙÙ
ا ÙتØدث Ùاشر٠اÙبراÙ
ج ع٠“Ùرض ØÙÙÙÙÙ
” باÙÙÙØ©Ø Ø£Ù
-”Ù
Øاربة ÙØ¥ÙÙا٠<a
-href="/philosophy/words-to-avoid.html#Piracy">اÙÙرصÙØ©</a>“ ÙØ¥Ù
بÙ
ا
-<em>ÙÙÙÙÙÙÙ</em> Ù٠اÙØÙÙÙØ© ÙÙس Ù
ÙÙ
ا٠عÙÙ
اﻹطÙاÙ. اÙرساÙØ© اÙØÙÙÙÙØ© Ù
Ù Ùراء
-تصرÙØاتÙÙ
تÙÙ
Ù Ù٠اÙتراضاتÙÙ
غÙر اÙÙ
عÙÙØ©Ø
ÙاÙت٠ÙتعÙ٠عÙ٠اÙجÙ
ÙÙر اÙÙبÙ٠بÙا
-بدÙ٠بØØ« أ٠تÙ
ØÙص. إذاÙØ ÙÙÙÙÙ
باÙبØØ« ÙÙ
Ùذ٠اﻻÙتراضات اﻵÙ.</p>
-<p>
-Ø£Øد Ùذ٠اﻻÙتراضات Ù٠أ٠شرÙات اÙبرÙ
جÙات Ù
Ù
ØÙÙا أ٠تÙ
تÙ٠اÙبرÙ
جÙØ§ØªØ ÙباÙتاÙÙ
-أ٠تÙرض سÙطتÙا عÙ٠جÙ
Ùع اÙÙ
ستخدÙ
ÙÙØ ÙØ£Ù
Ùذا Ø٠طبÙع٠ÙغÙر Ùاب٠ÙÙÙÙاش. (إذا
-سÙÙ
Ùا بأ٠Ùذا Ø٠طبÙعÙØ ÙØ¥Ù Ø°ÙÙ ÙعÙ٠أÙÙا
ÙÙ ÙتÙ
ÙÙ Ù
٠اﻻعتراض عÙÙÙØ Ø¨ØºØ¶
-اÙÙظر ع٠Ù
Ùدار اﻷذ٠اÙذ٠سÙسبب٠ÙÙجÙ
ÙÙر). Ù
٠اÙÙ
Ø«Ùر ÙÙاÙتÙ
اÙ
أ٠دستÙر
-اÙÙÙاÙات اÙÙ
تØدة ÙاÙÙÙاÙ
Ùس اÙÙاÙÙÙÙØ©
ترÙضا٠ÙجÙØ© اÙÙظر ÙØ°ÙØ ØÙØ« Ø£Ù ØÙÙÙ
-اÙÙ
ÙÙÙØ© ÙÙست ØÙÙÙا٠أصÙÙØ©Ø ÙØ¥ÙÙ
ا Ù٠خطة
اØتÙارÙØ© Ù
صطÙعة تÙرضÙا اÙØÙÙÙ
ات
-ÙتÙ
Ùع اÙÙ
ستخدÙ
ÙÙ Ù
Ù Ù
Ù
ارسة ØÙÙÙ
اÙطبÙع٠ÙÙ
اÙÙÙÙ ÙاÙÙ
شارÙØ©.</p>
-<p>
-ÙÙا٠اÙتراض ضÙ
Ù٠آخر ÙÙض٠بأ٠اÙشئ اÙÙØÙد
ذ٠اﻷÙÙ
ÙØ© ÙÙ Ù
ÙضÙع اÙبرÙ
جÙات ÙÙ
-ÙÙع اÙÙظائ٠اÙت٠ÙÙ
ÙÙ٠اÙÙÙاÙ
بÙا — بÙ
عÙ٠أÙÙا ÙÙ
ستخدÙ
Ù ØÙاسÙب Ùجب Ø£Ùا
-ÙÙتÙ
Ø£Ù ÙÙÙر ÙÙ ÙÙع اÙÙ
جتÙ
ع اÙØ°Ù ÙÙسÙ
ÙØ ÙÙا
باÙعÙØ´ ÙÙÙ.</p>
-<p>
-ÙÙا٠اÙتراض ثاÙØ« بأÙÙا ÙÙ
ستخدÙ
ÙÙ Ù
ضطرÙÙ
ÙÙسÙ
Ø§Ø ÙشرÙات اÙبرÙ
جÙات بأ٠تسÙطر
-عÙÙ Ù
ستخدÙ
٠برÙ
جÙاتÙØ§Ø Ùإﻻ ÙÙÙ ÙتÙ
ÙÙ Ù
Ù
اÙØصÙ٠عÙ٠براÙ
ج ÙعاÙØ© (Ø£Ù ÙÙ ÙتÙ
ÙÙ
-Ù
٠اÙØصÙ٠عÙ٠برÙاÙ
ج ÙÙÙÙ
بÙذ٠اÙÙظÙÙØ© Ø£Ù
تÙÙ). ربÙ
ا بدا Ùذا اﻻÙتراض Ù
ÙØ·ÙÙاÙ
-ÙÙÙÙÙØ© اﻷÙÙÙØ Ø¥ï»» Ø£Ù ØرÙØ© اÙبرÙ
جÙات اÙØرة
Ùد برÙÙت عÙ٠أÙÙا ÙÙ
ÙÙÙا Ø£Ù ÙتØصÙ
-عÙ٠اÙÙØ«Ùر Ù
٠اÙبرÙ
جÙات اÙÙ
ÙÙدة بدÙ٠أÙ
Ùضع ÙÙÙدا٠عÙÙÙا.</p>
-<p>
-إذا ÙررÙا Ø£Ù ÙرÙض Ùذ٠اﻻÙØªØ±Ø§Ø¶Ø§ØªØ ÙأردÙا Ø£Ù
ÙØÙÙ
عÙÙ Ùذ٠اÙÙ
سائ٠استÙادا٠عÙÙ
-اÙÙ
ÙØ·Ù ÙاﻷخÙا٠ÙÙØدÙÙ
Ø§Ø ÙاضعÙ٠اÙÙ
ستخدÙ
Ø£ÙÙاÙØ ÙØ¥ÙÙا سÙص٠Ù٠اÙÙÙاÙØ© ÙÙتائج
-Ù
ختÙÙØ© ÙÙÙاÙ. ÙÙبغ٠أ٠تÙÙÙ Ùد٠Ù
ستخدÙ
Ù
اÙØÙاسÙب ØرÙØ© تعدÙ٠اÙبرÙ
جÙات بÙ
ا
-ÙÙاسب اØتÙاجاتÙÙ
Ø ÙÙ
ا ÙÙبغ٠أ٠تÙÙÙ ÙدÙÙÙ
ØرÙØ© Ù
شارÙØ© اÙبرÙ
جÙØ§ØªØ Ø¨Ø¨Ø³Ø§Ø·Ø© ï»·Ù
-Ù
ساعدة اﻵخرÙÙ Ù٠اﻷساس Ù٠بÙاء اÙÙ
جتÙ
ع.</p>
-<p>
-بÙ
ا أ٠اÙÙ
ساØØ© ï»» تسÙ
Ø Ø¨Ø¹Ø±Ø¶ Ù
Ø·ÙÙ ÙÙأسباب
اÙت٠تÙÙدÙا ÙÙذ٠اÙÙتÙØ¬Ø©Ø Ø¹ÙÙÙ ÙÙصØ
-اÙÙارئ باﻻطÙاع عÙ٠صÙØØ© <a
href="/philosophy/why-free.html">
-http://www.gnu.org/philosophy/why-free.html</a> ÙصÙØØ© <a
-href="/philosophy/free-software-even-more-important.html">
-http://www.gnu.org/philosophy/free-software-even-more-important.html</a>.
-</p>
-
-<h3>اÙØ®Ùار اﻷخÙاÙ٠اÙÙاسÙ</h3>
-<p>
-بعد اÙÙÙار Ù
جتÙ
ع٠اÙÙدÙÙ
Ø ØµØ§Ø± Ù
٠اÙÙ
ستØÙÙ
عÙ٠أ٠أÙاص٠ÙاÙسابÙ. ÙعÙÙ٠صار
-عÙ٠أ٠أÙÙÙ
بأÙس٠خÙار أخÙاÙ٠عÙ٠اﻹطÙاÙ.</p>
-<p>
-اÙØ®Ùار اﻷسÙÙ Ùا٠أ٠أÙضÙ
ÙعاÙÙ
اÙبرÙ
جÙات
اﻻØتÙارÙØ©Ø ØÙØ« Ø£ÙÙÙ
بتÙÙÙع اتÙاÙÙات
-عدÙ
Ø¥Ùشاء Ø§ï»·Ø³Ø±Ø§Ø±Ø ÙØ£Ùطع Ùعدا٠بأÙا أساعد
زÙ
Ùائ٠اÙÙ
برÙ
جÙÙ. عÙÙ Ø§ï»·Ø±Ø¬Ø Ø£ÙÙÙ
-ÙÙت سأÙÙÙ
بتطÙÙر برÙ
جÙات سÙتÙ
إصدارÙا تØت
اتÙاÙÙات عدÙ
Ø¥Ùشاء Ù
Ù
اثÙØ©Ø Ù
Ù
ا
-سÙزÙد اÙضغط عÙ٠اﻵخرÙÙ ÙÙضطرÙÙ
ÙØ®ÙاÙØ© زÙ
ÙائÙÙ
باÙÙ
Ø«Ù.</p>
-<p>
-Ùا٠ÙÙ
ÙÙÙ٠جÙ٠اÙÙØ«Ùر Ù
٠اÙÙ
ا٠بسÙÙÙ Ùذا
اÙطرÙÙØ ÙربÙ
ا Ø£Ù
تعت ÙÙس٠بÙتابة
-اÙبراÙ
ج ÙÙ ÙÙس اÙÙÙت. اÙÙ
Ø´ÙÙØ© Ø£ÙÙÙ ÙÙت أعÙÙ
Ø£Ù٠عÙدÙ
ا تÙتÙÙ Ù
سÙرت٠اÙÙ
ÙÙÙØ©Ø
-عÙدÙا سأÙظر ÙÙÙراء ÙجÙ
Ùع اÙسÙÙات اÙتÙ
ÙضÙتÙا Ù٠بÙاء اÙجدرا٠اÙت٠تÙص٠اÙÙاس
-ع٠بعضÙÙ
Ø ÙعÙدÙا سأشعر بأÙÙÙ ÙضÙت سÙÙ
ØÙات٠Ù٠جع٠اÙعاÙÙ
Ù
ÙاÙا٠أسÙØ£ ÙÙعÙØ´
-ÙÙÙ.</p>
-<p>
-ÙÙت Ùد جربت أ٠أÙÙ٠عÙ٠اÙطر٠اﻵخر Ù
Ù
اتÙاÙÙØ© عدÙ
Ø¥Ùشاء Ø§ï»·Ø³Ø±Ø§Ø±Ø ÙØ°ÙÙ ØÙÙÙ
ا
-رÙض Ø£ØدÙÙ
إعطائ٠أÙا ÙÙ
ختبر اÙØ°Ùاء
اﻻصطÙاع٠شÙرة اÙÙ
صدر ÙÙبرÙاÙ
ج اÙØ°Ù ÙتØÙÙ
-Ù٠آÙتÙا اÙطابعة. (Ùا٠استخداÙ
Ùذ٠اﻵÙØ©
اÙطابعة Ù
Ø«Ùرا٠ÙÙاØباط بصÙرة ÙبÙرةØ
-ÙØ°ÙÙ Ùسبة ÙغÙاب بعض اÙخصائص اÙÙ
ÙÙ
Ø© Ù
٠برÙاÙ
ج اÙتØÙÙ
). ÙعÙÙÙØ ÙÙ
أتÙ
Ù٠أبداÙ
-Ù
٠إÙÙاع ÙÙس٠بأ٠اتÙاÙÙات عدÙ
Ø¥Ùشاء
اﻷسرار برÙئة. ÙÙت غاضبا٠ÙÙغاÙØ© ØÙÙÙ
ا
-رÙض Ø°Ù٠اÙشخص Ù
شارÙØ© اÙبرÙاÙ
ج Ù
عÙØ§Ø ÙÙÙ
أستطع أ٠أدÙر عÙ٠عÙب٠ÙØ£ÙÙÙ
بÙعÙ
-ÙÙس اÙشئ Ù
ع اﻵخرÙÙ.</p>
-<p>
-اÙØ®Ùار Ø§ï»µØ®Ø±Ø ÙاÙØ°Ù Ùا٠Ù
باشرا٠ÙÙÙÙ٠غÙر Ù
رÙØ Ø¥Ø·ÙاÙاÙØ Ùا٠أ٠أغادر Ù
جاÙ
-اÙØÙسبة ÙÙائÙاÙ. Ùا٠Ùذا ÙعÙ٠أ٠Ùدرات٠ÙÙ
Ùساء استخداÙ
ÙØ§Ø ÙÙÙ٠سÙتÙ
-Ø¥ÙدارÙا. Ùا٠Ùذا سÙعÙ٠أÙضا٠أÙÙÙ Ù٠أÙÙÙ Ù
سئÙÙا٠ع٠تÙرÙØ© ÙتØجÙÙ
Ù
ستخدÙ
Ù
-اÙØÙاسÙØ¨Ø Ø¥ï»» Ø£Ù Ùذا ÙÙ
ÙÙÙ ÙÙÙ
Ùع ØدÙØ«ÙÙ
ا
Ù٠جÙ
Ùع اﻷØÙاÙ.</p>
-<p>
-ÙÙ Ùذا جعÙÙ٠أبØØ« ع٠طرÙÙØ© ÙÙ
ÙÙÙ٠بÙا ÙÙ
برÙ
ج أ٠أÙع٠شÙئا٠جÙدا٠ÙخدÙ
Ø©
-اÙÙ
جتÙ
ع. سأÙت ÙÙس٠سؤاÙاÙ: ÙÙ ÙÙا٠أ٠برÙاÙ
ج (أ٠براÙ
ج) ÙÙ
ÙÙÙ٠أ٠أÙÙÙ
-بÙتابتÙØ§Ø ÙاÙت٠ستجع٠باﻹÙ
Ùا٠إÙشاء Ù
جتÙ
ع
Ù
شار٠Ù
٠جدÙدØ</p>
-<p>
-اﻹجابة ÙاÙت ÙاضØØ©: ÙØتاج Ø£ÙÙا٠ÙÙظاÙ
تشغÙÙ
Ùب٠Ù٠شئ. ÙظاÙ
اÙتشغÙÙ Ù٠اÙخطÙØ©
-اﻷÙÙ٠اÙت٠ÙØتاجÙا ÙÙبدأ باستخداÙ
جÙاز
اÙØاسÙب. ØÙÙÙ
ا ÙÙÙÙ ÙدÙÙ ÙظاÙ
تشغÙÙØ
-عÙدÙا ÙÙ
ÙÙ٠أ٠تÙع٠اÙعدÙد Ù
٠اﻷشÙØ§Ø¡Ø Ø£Ù
ا
بدÙÙ ÙظاÙ
اÙتشغÙ٠سÙتعذر عÙÙÙ
-تشغÙ٠اÙØاسÙب Ù
٠أساسÙ. بÙجÙد ÙظاÙ
تشغÙÙ
ØØ±Ø ÙÙ
ÙÙÙا Ø£Ù ÙعÙد Ø¥Ùشاء Ù
جتÙ
ع
-اÙÙراصÙØ© اÙÙ
تعاÙÙÙÙ — ÙÙ
ا ÙÙ
ÙÙÙا دعÙØ©
أ٠شخص ÙÙاÙضÙ
اÙ
. أ٠شخص سÙتÙ
ÙÙ
-Ù
٠استخداÙ
ØاسÙب٠بدÙ٠أ٠Ùضطر بدءا٠ÙÙتآÙ
ر ضد زÙ
Ùائ٠ÙØرÙ
اÙÙÙ
Ù
Ù ØرÙتÙÙ
-اÙبرÙ
جÙØ©.</p>
-<p>
-بصÙت٠Ù
برÙ
ج Ø£ÙظÙ
Ø© تشغÙÙ ÙÙد ÙÙت Ø£Ù
تÙÙ
اÙصÙات اÙÙ
ؤÙÙØ© ÙÙذ٠اÙÙ
ÙÙ
Ø©. ÙØ°ÙÙØ
-ÙرغÙ
ا٠ع٠أÙÙÙ ÙÙ
Ø£ÙÙ Ù
تأÙدا٠Ù
٠اÙÙجاØØ
ÙÙد أدرÙت Ø£ÙÙÙ Ùد تÙ
اختÙار٠ÙÙØ°Ù
-اÙÙ
ÙÙ
Ø©. اخترت أ٠أجع٠ÙظاÙ
اÙتشغÙÙ Ù
ÙائÙ
اÙ
ÙÙÙÙÙس (Unix) بØÙØ« تÙÙ٠اÙبرÙ
جÙات
-ÙابÙØ© ÙÙترÙÙØ©Ø ÙØت٠ÙتÙ
ÙÙ Ù
ستخدÙ
Ù ÙÙÙÙس Ù
Ù
اﻻÙتÙا٠بسÙÙÙØ© ÙÙÙظاÙ
اÙجدÙد. ÙÙ
ت
-باختÙار اسÙ
جÙÙ (GNU)Ø Ø¹Ù٠عادة اÙÙراصÙØ© اÙÙ
برÙ
جÙÙØ Ùاختصار Ù
تÙرر بÙ
عÙÙ
-“جÙÙ ÙÙس ÙÙÙÙس Ø£Ù GNU's Not Unix.” ÙÙÙØ·Ù <a
-href="/gnu/pronunciation.html">ÙÙ
Ùطع ÙÙظ٠ÙاØد Ù
ع تشدÙد
اÙجÙÙ
</a>.</p>
-<p>
-إ٠أ٠ÙظاÙ
تشغÙÙ Ùجب Ø£Ù ÙØتÙ٠أشÙاء Ø£Ùثر Ù
Ù
ÙÙاة اÙÙظاÙ
Ø ÙاÙت٠باÙÙاد تسÙ
Ø
-بتشغÙ٠اÙبراÙ
ج اﻷخرÙ. Ù٠اÙسبعÙÙÙات ÙاÙت
جÙ
Ùع ÙظÙ
اÙتشغÙ٠اÙÙ
ØترÙ
Ø© تØتÙ٠عÙÙ
-Ù
عاÙجات Ø£ÙاÙ
Ø±Ø ÙÙ
ÙجÙ
Ùعات ÙÙ
ترجÙ
ات ÙÙ
ÙصØÙØات ÙÙØ´Ùرة اÙبرÙ
جÙØ©Ø ÙÙ
Øررات ÙصÙصØ
-ÙبراÙ
ج برÙد اÙÙترÙÙÙØ ÙاÙÙØ«Ùر غÙرÙا Ù
Ù
اÙبراÙ
ج. ÙظاÙ
ITS Ùا٠ÙØتÙÙÙØ§Ø ÙÙ
ا
-ÙاÙت Ø£ÙظÙ
Ø© Multics ÙVMS ÙUnix جÙ
ÙعÙا. Ùا٠Ùذا ÙعÙÙ
Ø£Ù ÙظاÙ
جÙ٠سÙØتÙÙ ÙØ°Ù
-اÙبراÙ
ج Ø£ÙضاÙ.</p>
-<p>
-ÙاØÙاÙØ Ø³Ù
عت Ùذ٠اÙÙÙÙ
Ø§ØªØ ÙاÙت٠تÙÙسÙب Ø¥ÙÙ
ÙÙÙÙÙ (Hillel) (1):</p>
-
-<blockquote><p>
- ÙÙ ÙÙ
Ø£Ù٠داعÙ
ا٠ÙÙÙسÙØ ÙÙ
٠سÙدعÙ
ÙÙØ<br />
- ÙÙ ÙÙ
Ø£ÙتÙ
باﻵخرÙÙØ ÙÙ
٠أÙاØ<br />
- ÙÙ ÙÙ
Ø£ÙعÙÙا اﻵÙØ ÙÙ
ت٠إذاÙØ
-</p></blockquote>
-<p>
-Ùرار٠بإÙشاء Ù
شرÙع جÙÙ Ùا٠Ù
ستÙدا٠عÙÙ
عÙÙÙØ© Ù
شابÙØ© ÙÙØ°Ù.</p>
-<p>
-(1) بصÙت٠Ù
ÙØداÙØ ÙØ£Ùا ï»» أتبع Ø£Ù Ùادة
دÙÙÙÙÙØ ÙÙÙÙÙ٠أÙعجÙب Ø£ØÙاÙا٠بÙ
ÙÙÙØ©
-Ø£ØدÙÙ
.</p>
-
-<h3>Øر ÙÙ
ا Ù٠اÙØرÙØ©</h3>
-<p>
-إ٠تعبÙر “اÙبرÙ
جÙات اÙØرة” ÙØ«Ùرا٠Ù
ا
Ùساء ÙÙÙ
Ù — ÙÙÙ ï»»
-عÙاÙØ© Ù٠باÙÙ
اÙØ ÙØ¥ÙÙ
ا ÙÙعÙÙ٠باÙØرÙØ©. ÙÙÙ
ا ÙÙÙØ Ø³ÙÙÙÙ
بتعرÙ٠اÙبرÙ
جÙات
-اÙØرة.</p>
-
-<p>Ùعتبر اÙبرÙاÙ
ج اÙÙ
عÙ٠برÙ
جÙØ© Øرة باÙÙسبة
Ù٠أÙÙا اÙÙ
ستخدÙ
ØÙÙÙ
ا ÙستÙÙÙ ÙØ°Ù
-اÙشرÙØ·:</p>
-
-<ul>
- <li>ØÙÙÙ
ا تÙÙÙ ÙدÙÙ ØرÙØ© استخداÙ
اÙبرÙاÙ
ج
بأ٠صÙرة تراÙا Ù
ÙØ§Ø³Ø¨Ø©Ø ï»·Ù ØºØ±Ø¶ ترغب بÙ.</li>
-
- <li>ØÙÙÙ
ا تÙÙÙ ÙدÙÙ ØرÙØ© تعدÙ٠اÙبرÙاÙ
ج
ÙÙÙاسب اØتÙاجات٠اÙخاصة. (Øت٠تÙÙÙ ÙØ°Ù
-اÙØرÙØ© عÙ
ÙÙØ©Ø Ùجب أ٠تتÙÙر ÙدÙÙ Ø´Ùرة اÙÙ
صدر اÙخاصة باÙبرÙاÙ
Ø¬Ø ØÙØ« أ٠تعدÙÙ
-اÙبرÙاÙ
ج بدÙÙ ÙجÙد Ø´Ùرة اÙÙ
صدر Ø£Ù
ر صعب
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-
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ا تÙÙÙ ÙدÙÙ ØرÙØ© إعادة تÙزÙع Ùسخ Ù
Ù
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Ø¬Ø Ù
جاÙا٠أ٠برسÙÙ
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-
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ا تÙÙÙ ÙدÙÙ ØرÙØ© إعادة تÙزÙع Ùسخ Ù
عدÙØ© Ù
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جتÙ
ع Ø£Ù
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٠تØسÙÙات٠اÙت٠أدخÙتÙا عÙÙ
اÙبرÙاÙ
ج اﻷصÙ.</li>
-</ul>
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-بÙ
ا Ø£Ù “اÙØرÙØ©” ÙÙا ترÙ
ز ÙÙÙع٠Ùا ÙÙÙ
اÙØ Ø¹ÙÙÙ ÙÙÙس ÙÙا٠تضارب
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جÙØ© Øرة ÙÙÙÙÙا تباع بسعر. ÙÙ
اÙÙاÙØ¹Ø ÙØ¥Ù ØرÙØ© بÙع Ùسخ Ù
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ج ÙÙ ØرÙØ© أساسÙØ©: إ٠اÙÙ
جتÙ
ع ÙستÙÙد Ù
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جÙات اÙØرة اÙتÙ
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Ù Ù
صادر جÙ
ع اﻷÙ
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جÙات اÙØرة. Ùذا
ÙعÙ٠أ٠أ٠برÙ
جÙØ© ï»» ÙÙسÙ
Ø Ø¨Ø¥Ø¯Ø®Ø§ÙÙا
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جÙ
Ùعات Ù٠بطبÙعة اÙØا٠برÙ
جÙØ©
غÙر Øرة.</p>
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Ùض Ù
عÙÙ ÙÙÙ
Ø© “اÙØرÙØ©”Ø
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ات ذات اÙÙرÙ٠اÙØ´ÙÙÙØ© اÙبسÙطة Ø£Ùثر Ù
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ا Ù٠اÙØرÙØ© —
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رادÙات
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Ù Ù
عÙÙ٠خاطئاÙØ Ø£Ù
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Ù ÙصÙر آخر Ù٠اÙÙ
عÙÙ.</p>
-
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جÙات جÙÙ ÙÙظاÙ
تشغÙ٠جÙÙ</h3>
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-إ٠تطÙÙر ÙظاÙ
تشغÙÙ Ù
تÙاÙ
Ù ÙÙ Ù
شرÙع ضخÙ
ÙÙغاÙØ©. ÙØت٠ÙتÙ
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٠اÙÙصÙÙ
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اÙبرÙ
جÙات
اÙØرة اÙÙ
تÙÙرة ÙÙÙ
ا Ø£Ù
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ثا٠عÙÙ Ø°ÙÙØ Ùررت Ù
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استخداÙ
تÙÙ (TeX) ÙÙ
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-اÙرئÙسÙ. بعد عدة سÙÙØ§ØªØ Ùررت استخداÙ
ÙظاÙ
عرض Ø¥Ùس (X Window System) بدÙا٠عÙ
-Ùتابة ÙظاÙ
عرض جدÙد خصÙصا٠Ù
٠أج٠جÙÙ.</p>
-<p>
-بسبب Ùذ٠اÙÙØ±Ø§Ø±Ø§ØªØ ÙاÙÙØ«Ùر غÙرÙØ§Ø ÙØ¥Ù ÙظاÙ
جÙÙ Ù٠أÙثر Ù
Ù Ù
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جÙات جÙÙ. Ø¥Ù ÙظاÙ
جÙÙ ÙØتÙ٠اÙعدÙد Ù
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تطÙÙرÙا ÙÙ
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شرÙع جÙÙ. Ùذ٠اÙبرÙ
جÙات تÙ
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Ùا ï»·ÙÙا برÙ
جÙات
Øرة.</p>
-
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شرÙع</h3>
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1984Ù
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عÙد Ù
اساشÙستس ÙÙتÙÙÙÙÙجÙا Ùبدأت ÙÙ Ùتابة
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سئÙÙÙ٠بÙرض شرÙØ·ÙÙ
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ا ÙاÙ
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اﻷساس٠Ù
٠إÙشائÙØ ÙÙ٠إعادة بÙاء
-Ù
جتÙ
ع Ù
شار٠ÙÙبرÙ
جÙات.</p>
-<p>
-ÙÙÙ٠برÙÙÙسÙر ÙÙستÙÙØ ÙاÙØ°Ù Ùا٠رئÙس Ù
ختبر
اÙØ°Ùاء اﻻصطÙاع٠بÙ
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بدعÙت٠ÙÙ
ÙاصÙØ© استخداÙ
Ù
Ùارد اÙÙ
ختبر.</p>
-
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-<p>
-ÙÙت Ùد سÙ
عت ع٠Ù
جÙ
Ùعة Ù
ترجÙ
ات اÙجاÙ
عة
اÙØرة (Free University Compiler Kit)Ø
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عرÙÙØ© باÙاسÙ
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ختصر VUCKØ Ùب٠Ùترة ÙصÙرة
Ù
٠بدئ٠اÙعÙ
٠عÙÙ Ù
شرÙع
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Ø© “Øرة” Ù٠اﻷÙÙ
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بØر٠<em>v</em>. Ùذا اÙبرÙاÙ
ج
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ج Ù
ترجÙ
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ا Ø£ÙÙ Ùا٠ÙستÙد٠عدة
أجÙزة Ù
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ت
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ع صاØب اÙبرÙاÙ
ج ﻷسأÙ٠إ٠Ùا٠بإÙ
Ùا٠Ù
شرÙع جÙ٠أ٠ÙستÙÙد Ù
٠عÙ
ÙÙ.</p>
-<p>
-Ùا٠رد اÙÙ
برÙ
ج عÙ٠ساخراÙØ Ø¨ÙÙÙ٠أ٠ÙÙÙ
اÙجاÙ
عة Øرة ï»» ÙعÙ٠بضرÙرة اÙØا٠أÙ
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ترجÙ
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ا دÙعÙ٠ﻷ٠أÙرر Ø£Ù
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ج ÙÙ Ù
شرÙع جÙ٠سÙÙÙÙ
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ترجÙ
ا٠Ù
تعدد اÙÙغات ÙاﻷÙداÙ.</p>
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-ÙÙت أتÙ
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ج ÙاÙ
ÙاÙ
بÙÙسÙØ ÙÙØ°Ù٠تØصÙÙت عÙÙ Ø´Ùرة اÙÙ
صدر
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ترجÙ
باسÙا٠(Pascal)Ø ØÙØ« Ùا٠Ù
ترجÙ
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تعدد
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ختبر ÙÙرÙس ÙÙرÙ
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ترجÙ
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٠عÙÙ ØاسÙب Ù
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ترجÙ
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ØاسÙب 68000 ÙسÙ
Ø Ø¨Ù64
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ساØØ© اÙÙ
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-Ùا٠Ùذا ØÙÙÙ
ا أدرÙت Ø£Ù Ù
ترجÙ
باسÙا٠ÙاÙ
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شغÙÙØ©
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ا ÙصÙت ÙÙذ٠اÙÙÙØ·Ø©Ø Ø£Ø¯Ø±Ùت Ø£ÙÙÙ
سأضطر ÙÙتابة Ù
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ا بعد باسÙ
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س٠س٠(<abbr title="GNU Compiler
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Ø£ÙÙ
باستخداÙ
Ø£Ù Ø´Ùرة Ù
Ù Ù
ترجÙ
باسÙا٠اﻷصÙÙØ
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بÙتابة برÙاÙ
ج جÙ٠إÙÙ
اÙس (GNU Emacs).</p>
-
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ج جÙ٠إÙÙ
اÙس (GNU Emacs)</h3>
-<p>
-بدأت اÙعÙ
٠عÙ٠برÙاÙ
ج جÙ٠إÙÙ
اÙس Ù٠سبتÙ
بر
1984Ù
Ø ÙبÙ
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ج صاÙØ ÙÙاستعÙ
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Ù Ùتابة Ø¥ÙÙ
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-ÙÙ Ùذا اÙÙÙØªØ Ùا٠برÙاÙ
ج جÙ٠إÙÙ
اÙس Ùد بدأ
باجتذاب اﻷÙØ¸Ø§Ø±Ø Ùأبد٠اÙعدÙدÙÙ
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ت بÙضع اÙبرÙاÙ
ج عÙ٠اÙÙ
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أستخدÙ
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prep.ai.mit.eduØ Ø£ØµØ¨Ø Ø£ÙÙ Ù
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٠اÙتÙاÙØ¶Ø ØÙØ« Ø£Ù ÙجÙد
طرÙÙتÙÙ ÙØساب Ùسبة اÙØرÙØ© أد٠ÙÙجÙد
-إجابات Ù
ختÙÙØ© ÙÙسؤاÙ: “ÙÙ Ùذ٠اÙبرÙ
جÙØ©
Øرةؔ إذا ÙÙ
ت باÙØÙÙ
-استÙادا٠عÙ٠اÙØرÙØ© اÙت٠تÙÙÙÙا اتÙاÙÙØ©
تÙزÙع Ù
عÙد Ù
اساشÙستس ÙÙتÙÙÙÙÙجÙاØ
-ÙÙ
ÙÙ٠أ٠تÙÙ٠عÙدÙا Ø£Ù ÙظاÙ
تÙزÙع Ø¥Ùس ÙاÙ
برÙ
جÙØ© Øرة. Ø£Ù
ا ÙÙ ÙÙ
ت بØساب Ù
تÙسط
-اÙØرÙØ© ÙÙ
ستخدÙ
ÙظاÙ
عرض Ø¥ÙØ³Ø Ø¹ÙدÙا ستضطر
ÙÙÙÙ٠بأ٠إÙس Ùا٠برÙ
جÙØ©
-اØتÙارÙØ©. أغÙب اÙÙ
ستخدÙ
ÙÙ ÙÙ Ø°Ù٠اÙÙÙت
ÙاÙÙا ÙستخدÙ
Ù٠اÙÙسخ اﻻØتÙارÙØ© اÙتÙ
-جاءت Ù
ع Ø£ÙظÙ
Ø© ÙÙÙÙØ³Ø ï»» اÙÙسخة اÙØرة Ù
Ù ÙظاÙ
اÙعرض Ø¥Ùس.</p>
-
-<h3>اÙØÙÙ٠اÙÙ
ترÙÙØ© ÙاتÙاÙÙØ© جÙ٠اÙعاÙ
Ø©</h3>
-<p>
-ÙÙ
ÙÙ٠اÙÙد٠Ù
Ù Ùراء Ù
شرÙع جÙ٠تØصÙÙ
اÙØ´ÙØ±Ø©Ø ÙØ¥ÙÙ
ا Ùا٠إعطاء اÙÙ
ستخدÙ
ÙÙ ÙاÙ
Ù
-ØرÙتÙÙ
. Ù
Ù Ø«Ù
Ùا٠ÙزاÙ
ا٠عÙÙÙا Ø£Ù ÙستخدÙ
شرÙØ· تÙزÙع Ù
٠شأÙÙا أ٠تÙ
Ùع تØÙÙÙ
-براÙ
ج جÙÙ ÙبراÙ
ج اØتÙارÙØ©. اÙطرÙÙØ© اÙتÙ
استخدÙ
ÙاÙا أصبØت تعر٠باسÙ
-“اÙØÙÙ٠اÙÙ
ترÙÙØ©”.(1)</p>
-<p>
-طرÙÙØ© اÙØÙÙ٠اÙÙ
ترÙÙØ© تستخدÙ
ÙÙاÙÙÙ ØÙÙÙ
اÙÙ
ÙÙÙØ©Ø ÙÙÙÙÙا تÙÙبÙا رأسا٠عÙÙ
-عÙØ¨Ø ÙتخدÙ
اÙغرض اÙÙ
عاÙس ÙÙغرض اÙعادÙ:
بدÙا٠ع٠استخداÙ
ØÙÙ٠اÙÙ
ÙÙÙØ© ÙتÙÙÙد
-برÙاÙ
ج Ù
Ø§Ø ØªØµØ¨Ø Ø§ÙØÙÙÙ ÙسÙÙØ© Ùجع٠اÙبرÙاÙ
ج
ØراÙ.</p>
-<p>
-اÙÙÙرة اﻷساسÙØ© Ù
Ù Ùراء اÙØÙÙ٠اÙÙ
ترÙÙØ© ÙÙ
إعطاء اÙجÙ
Ùع رخصة ÙتشغÙ٠اÙبرÙاÙ
جØ
-Ùسخ اÙبرÙاÙ
Ø¬Ø ØªØ¹Ø¯Ù٠اÙبرÙاÙ
Ø¬Ø ÙÙشر اÙÙسخ
اÙÙ
عدÙØ©—إﻻ Ø£ÙÙ Ù
٠غÙر اÙÙ
سÙ
ÙØ
-إضاÙØ© ÙÙÙد جدÙدة عÙ٠اÙبرÙاÙ
ج. باÙتاÙÙØ
Ùإ٠اÙØرÙات اﻷساسÙØ© اÙت٠ÙتÙ
تعرÙÙ
-“اÙبرÙ
جÙات اÙØرة” عبرÙØ§Ø ØªØ¹ØªØ¨Ø± ØÙا٠Ù
ضÙ
ÙÙا٠ÙÙÙ Ùرد ÙÙ
تÙÙ ÙسخةÙ
-Ù
٠اÙبرÙاÙ
Ø¬Ø ÙÙÙ ØÙÙ٠دائÙ
Ø© ÙغÙر ÙابÙØ© ÙÙÙ
صادرة أ٠اÙتØÙÙÙ.</p>
-<p>
-Øت٠تÙØ¬Ø ÙÙرة اÙØÙÙ٠اÙÙ
ترÙÙØ©Ø Ùجب أ٠تÙÙÙ
اÙÙسخ اÙÙ
عدÙØ© Ù
٠برÙاÙ
ج Ù
ا Øرة
-Ø£ÙضاÙ. Ùذ٠اÙخطÙØ© تضÙ
٠أ٠أ٠عÙ
Ù ÙتÙ
تطÙÙرÙ
بÙاء٠عÙ٠عÙ
ÙÙا سÙÙÙÙ Ù
تÙÙراÙ
-ÙÙ
جتÙ
عÙا Øا٠ÙشرÙ. ØÙÙÙ
ا ÙÙÙÙ
اÙÙ
برÙ
جÙÙ
اÙÙØ°ÙÙ ÙشغÙÙÙ Ùظائ٠برÙ
جة Ù٠شرÙاتÙÙ
-باÙتطÙع ÙتطÙÙر ÙتØسÙ٠برÙ
جÙات جÙÙØ ÙØ¥Ù
اÙØÙÙ٠اÙÙ
ترÙÙØ© ÙÙ Ù
ا ÙÙ
Ùع شرÙاتÙÙ
Ù
Ù
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Ùع عÙÙÙÙ
Ù
شارÙØ© Ùذ٠اÙتØسÙÙات
اÙبرÙ
جÙØ©Ø ï»·ÙÙا سÙÙÙÙ
-باستخداÙ
Ùا ÙتطÙÙر ÙسختÙا اﻻØتÙارÙØ© Ù
Ù
اÙبرÙاÙ
ج.”</p>
-<p>
-Øت٠ÙضÙ
Ù ØرÙØ© ÙÙ Ùرد ÙستخدÙ
برÙاÙ
جا٠Ù
Ø§Ø Ùا
بد Ù
٠اÙتأÙÙد عÙ٠أ٠أ٠تعدÙÙ
-عÙ٠اÙبرÙاÙ
ج اÙØر Ùجب Ø£Ù ÙÙÙÙ Øرا٠أÙضاÙ.
إ٠اÙشرÙات اÙت٠ÙاÙ
ت بخصخصة ÙظاÙ
-عرض Ø¥Ùس غاÙبا٠Ù
ا ÙاÙت تÙÙÙ
بإجراء بعض
اÙتعدÙÙات Øت٠تتÙ
ÙÙ Ù
٠ترÙÙØ© اÙبرÙاÙ
ج
-ÙÙتÙاÙÙ Ù
ع Ø£ÙظÙ
تÙÙ
ÙÙ
عداتÙÙ
. ÙرغÙ
Ø£Ù ÙØ°Ù
اÙتعدÙÙات ÙاÙت صغÙرة باÙÙ
ÙارÙØ© Ù
ع
-ØجÙ
ÙضخاÙ
Ø© ÙظاÙ
عرض Ø¥ÙØ³Ø Ø¥ï»» Ø£ÙÙا ÙÙ
تÙÙ
تغÙÙرات تاÙÙØ©. إذا Ùا٠إجراء
-اÙتغÙÙرات عذرا٠ÙاÙÙا٠ÙØرÙ
ا٠اÙÙ
ستخدÙ
ÙÙ Ù
Ù ØرÙاتÙÙ
Ø Ø¹ÙدÙا ÙØµØ¨Ø Ù
٠اÙسÙ٠عÙÙ
-ÙائÙÙ Ù
Ù Ùا٠أ٠Ùستغ٠Ùذا اÙعذر ÙÙ
صÙØتÙ
اÙشخصÙØ©.</p>
-<p>
-ÙÙا٠Ù
Ø´ÙÙØ© Ù
شابÙØ© تتعÙ٠بدÙ
ج برÙاÙ
ج Øر Ù
ع
Ø´Ùرة غÙر Øرة. Ù
Ø«Ù Ùذا اÙدÙ
ج ÙتÙجتÙ
-دائÙ
ا٠Ù
ا تÙÙ٠برÙاÙ
جا٠غÙر ØØ±Ø ï»·Ù Ø£Ù ØرÙØ©
غائبة ع٠اÙجزء غÙر اÙØر سÙ٠تÙÙÙ
-غائبة ع٠اÙÙ٠اÙÙ
دÙ
ج Ø£ÙضاÙ. اÙسÙ
Ø§Ø Ø¨Ù
Ø«Ù Ùذا
اÙدÙ
ج ستÙتج عÙ٠عÙاÙب ÙØ®ÙÙ
Ø©Ø
-ÙÙØ°ÙÙ ÙØ¥Ù Ù
٠أÙÙ
اÙأشÙاء اÙت٠تÙÙرÙا
اÙØÙÙ٠اÙÙ
ترÙÙØ© ÙÙ Ùرصة تÙاÙÙ ÙØ°Ù
-اÙÙ
Ø´ÙÙØ©Ø ÙØ°Ù٠عبر اشتراط أ٠أ٠شئ ÙتÙ
دÙ
جÙ
أ٠إضاÙت٠ÙبرÙاÙ
ج Ø°Ù ØÙÙÙ Ù
ترÙÙØ©
-Ùجب Ø£Ù ÙÙتج عÙ٠برÙاÙ
ج Øر ÙØ°Ù ØÙÙÙ Ù
ترÙÙØ©
Ø£ÙضاÙ.</p>
-<p>
-إ٠رخصة جÙ٠اÙعاÙ
Ø© (GNU GPL) تعد Ø£Ùثر تطبÙ٠عÙ
ÙÙ Ù
ستخدÙ
Ù٠ترخÙص براÙ
ج جÙÙØ
-Ù
ع اÙتÙÙÙÙ ÙÙجÙد رخص ØÙÙÙ Ù
ترÙÙØ© أخر٠ÙتÙ
استخداÙ
Ùا ÙÙ ØاÙات Ù
عÙÙØ©. ÙÙ
Ø«ÙاÙ
-ÙتÙ
ترخÙص ÙتÙبات جÙ٠باستخداÙ
رخصة ØÙÙÙ Ù
ترÙÙØ© Ù
Ø¨Ø³Ø·Ø©Ø Ùظرا٠ﻷ٠رخصة جÙÙ
-اÙعاÙ
Ø© Ø£Ùثر تعÙÙدا٠Ù
Ù
ا تØتاجÙ
اÙÙتÙبات.(2)</p>
-<p>
-(1) Ù٠اÙعاÙ
1984 Ø£Ù 1985Ø ÙÙ
ت باستÙاÙ
برÙد Ù
رس٠Ù
٠دÙÙ ÙÙبÙÙز (ÙÙ٠شخص Ø°Ù
-Ø®Ùا٠Ùاسع). Ùا٠اÙÙ
ظرÙÙ ÙØتÙ٠عدة Ùتابات Ù
سÙÙØ©Ø Ù
Ø«Ù: “جÙ
Ùع اÙØÙÙÙ
-Ù
ترÙÙØ©”. ÙÙت استخدÙ
ÙÙÙ
Ø© “اÙØÙÙÙ Ù
ترÙÙØ©” ÙÙدÙاÙØ© عÙÙ
-اÙÙ
ÙÙÙÙ
اÙØ°Ù ÙÙت Ø£ÙÙÙ
بتطÙÙر٠ÙÙ Ø°ÙÙ
اÙÙÙت.</p>
-
-<p>
-(2) ÙØÙ ÙÙÙÙ
باستخداÙ
<a href="/licenses/fdl.html">رخصة
جÙÙ ÙÙÙثائÙ
-اÙØرة</a> ÙترخÙص اÙÙثائÙ.</p>
-
-<h3>Ù
ؤسسة اÙبرÙ
جÙات اÙØرة</h3>
-
-<p>Ùا٠اﻻÙتÙ
اÙ
ببرÙاÙ
ج Ø¥ÙÙ
اÙس Ù
تزاÙداÙØ Ù
Ù
ا Ùتج عÙ٠زÙادة عدد اﻷشخاص اÙÙ
ÙتÙ
ÙÙ
-باÙÙ
شارÙØ© ÙÙ Ù
شرÙع جÙÙØ ÙÙØ°ÙÙ ÙررÙا Ø£ÙÙ Ùد
Øا٠اÙÙÙت ÙÙبØØ« ع٠Ù
صادر تÙ
ÙÙÙ
-Ù
رة أخرÙØ Ù
Ù
ا Ùتج عÙ٠إÙشاء <a
href="http://www.fsf.org/";>Ù
ؤسسة اÙبرÙ
جÙات
-اÙØرة</a> (FSF)Ø ÙÙÙ Ù
ÙظÙ
Ø© Ø®ÙرÙØ© Ù
عÙÙØ© Ù
Ù
اÙØ¶Ø±Ø§Ø¦Ø¨Ø ØªÙعÙÙ٠بتطÙÙر اÙبرÙ
جÙات
-اÙØرة. Ù
ع Ù
رÙر اÙزÙ
ÙØ ØªÙÙت <abbr title="Free Software
Foundation">Ù
ؤسسة
-اÙبرÙ
جÙات اÙØرة</abbr> Ù
ÙÙ
Ø© تÙزÙع أشرطة Ø¥ÙÙ
اÙØ³Ø Ù
Ù Ø«Ù
تÙسعت ÙتÙ
ت إضاÙØ©
-برÙ
جÙات Øرة أخر٠(بعضÙا Ù
٠جÙÙ ÙاÙبعض Ù
Ù
جÙات أخرÙ) ÙÙØ´Ø±Ø§Ø¦Ø·Ø ÙÙ
ا أصبØت تبÙع
-اÙÙتÙبات اÙØرة Ø£ÙضاÙ.</p>
-
-<p>Ù
ؤسسة اÙبرÙ
جÙات اÙØرة ÙاÙت تÙتسب أغÙب
دخÙÙا Ù
Ù Ù
بÙعات Ùسخ اÙبرÙ
جÙات اÙØرةØ
-باﻹضاÙØ© ÙخدÙ
ات أخر٠Ù
تعÙÙØ© بذÙÙ (Ù
بÙعات
اÙشرائط اÙÙ
ضغÙطة اÙت٠تØتÙ٠عÙÙ Ø´Ùرة
-اÙÙ
صدر أ٠اÙصÙغة اÙØ«ÙائÙØ© ÙبراÙ
جÙاØ
ÙاÙÙتÙبات اÙÙ
طبÙعة بصÙرة Ø¬Ø°Ø§Ø¨Ø©Ø Ù
ع تأÙÙد
-ØرÙØ© اÙتعدÙÙ Ùإعادة اÙÙشر ÙÙجÙ
Ùع). Ù
صدر دخÙ
آخر Ùا٠اÙتÙزÙعات اÙÙاخرة (ÙÙÙ
-اÙÙسخ اÙت٠ÙÙÙÙ
بتجÙ
ÙعÙا خصÙصا٠ÙتÙائÙ
بÙئة اÙزبÙ٠اÙØاسÙبÙØ©). اÙÙÙÙ
Ø ï»» زاÙت
-Ù
ؤسسة اÙبرÙ
جÙات اÙØرة <a
href="http://shop.fsf.org/";>تÙÙÙ
ببÙع اÙÙتÙبات Ùبعض
-اÙÙ
عدات اﻷخرÙ</a>Ø Ø¥ï»» أ٠أغÙبÙØ© اÙتÙ
ÙÙÙ
صارت تأت٠Ù
٠اشتراÙات اﻷعضاء. ÙÙ
ÙÙÙ
-أ٠تÙضÙ
ÙÙÙ
ؤسسة <a href="http://fsf.org/join";>باÙاشتراÙ
عبر Ùذا اÙرابط</a>.</p>
-
-<p>Ù
ÙظÙÙ Ù
ؤسسة اÙبرÙ
جÙات اÙØرة ÙاÙ
Ùا بÙتابة
ÙتطÙÙر Ù
جÙ
Ùعة Ù
Ù ØزÙ
اÙبراÙ
ج اÙخاصة
-بجÙÙØ ÙاÙت٠ÙØ°Ùر Ù
ÙÙا Ù
Ùتبة Ùغة س٠(C) ÙÙ
ÙÙÙÙÙØ° اﻷÙاÙ
ر. Ø¥Ù Ù
Ùتبة س٠اÙخاصة
-بجÙÙ Ù٠اÙØزÙ
Ø© اÙبرÙ
جÙØ© اÙت٠تستخدÙ
Ùا ÙÙ
اÙبراÙ
ج اÙت٠تعÙ
٠عÙ٠أÙظÙ
Ø©
-جÙÙ/ÙÙÙÙس ØÙÙÙ
ا تتÙاص٠Ù
ع ÙÙاة اÙÙظاÙ
(ÙÙÙÙس). Ùذ٠اÙÙ
Ùتبة ÙاÙ
بتطÙÙرÙا Ø£Øد
-Ù
ÙظÙÙ Ù
ؤسسة اÙبرÙ
جÙات اÙØØ±Ø©Ø ÙÙ٠اÙسÙد
رÙÙاÙد Ù
اÙجراث. Ø£Ù
ا Ù
ÙÙØ° اﻷÙاÙ
ر
-اÙÙ
ستخدÙ
عÙ٠أغÙبÙØ© Ø£ÙظÙ
Ø© جÙÙ/ÙÙÙÙس ÙÙÙ
باش (<abbr title="Bourne Again
-Shell">BASH</abbr>)Ø ÙÙ٠اختصار ÙÙجÙ
ÙØ© اﻹÙجÙÙزÙØ©
(اÙÙسخة اÙجدÙدة Ù
Ù Ù
ÙÙØ°
-Ø£ÙاÙ
ر بÙرÙ) (1). Ù
ÙÙØ° Ø£ÙاÙ
ر باش ÙاÙ
بتطÙÙر٠Ù
Ùظ٠اÙÙ
ؤسسة براÙا٠ÙÙÙس.</p>
-
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Ùا بتÙ
ÙÙ٠تطÙÙر Ùذ٠اÙبراÙ
ج ببساطة
ï»·Ù Ù
شرÙع جÙÙ ÙÙ
ÙÙÙ ÙتÙ
ØÙر ØÙÙ
-اﻷدÙات أ٠بÙئة اÙتطÙÙر ÙÙØ·Ø ÙØ¥ÙÙ
ا ÙاÙ
ÙدÙÙا تطÙÙر ÙظاÙ
تشغÙÙ Ù
تÙاÙ
ÙØ ÙÙØ°Ù
-اÙبراÙ
ج ÙاÙت خطÙØ© أساسÙØ© Ù٠اÙÙصÙÙ ÙÙذا
اÙÙدÙ.</p>
-
-<p>(1) اسÙ
“اÙÙسخة اÙجدÙدة Ù
Ù Ù
ÙÙØ° Ø£ÙاÙ
ر
بÙرٔ ÙÙ Ùعب عÙ٠اﻹسÙ
-اﻷصÙÙØ “Ù
ÙÙØ° Ø£ÙاÙ
ر بÙØ±Ù”Ø ØÙØ« Ùا٠Ù
ÙÙØ° اﻷÙاÙ
ر اÙÙ
عتÙ
د عÙ٠أÙظÙ
Ø©
-ÙÙÙÙس اÙÙدÙÙ
Ø©.</p>
-
-<h3>ÙÙÙ ÙدعÙ
اÙبرÙ
جÙات اÙØرة</h3>
-
-<p>Ø¥Ù ÙÙسÙØ© اÙبرÙ
جÙات اÙØرة ترÙض اÙتجارة
باÙبرÙ
جÙات عÙÙ Ùطا٠ÙØ§Ø³Ø¹Ø ÙÙÙÙÙا ÙÙ
-ÙÙس اÙÙÙت ï»» ترÙض ÙÙرة اÙتجارة بصÙرة عاÙ
Ø©.
ØÙÙÙ
ا ÙÙÙÙ
أصØاب اﻷعÙ
ا٠باØتراÙ
-ØرÙØ© اÙÙ
ستخدÙ
ÙÙØ ØÙÙÙا ÙتÙ
ÙÙ ÙÙÙ
اÙÙجاØ
Ùï»» شئ غÙرÙ.</p>
-
-<p>ØÙÙÙ
ا ÙÙ
Ùا ببÙع Ùسخ Ù
٠برÙاÙ
ج Ø¥ÙÙ
اÙØ³Ø ÙاÙ
Ùذا ÙÙعا٠Ù
٠أÙÙاع اÙتجارة
-اÙÙ
عتÙ
دة عÙ٠اÙبرÙ
جÙات اÙØرة. ÙÙÙÙ ØÙÙÙ
ا
تÙÙت Ù
ؤسسة اÙبرÙ
جÙات اÙØرة ÙØ°Ù
-اÙØªØ¬Ø§Ø±Ø©Ø Ùا٠عÙ٠أ٠أجد طرÙÙة٠أخر٠ÙÙسب
ÙÙÙ
Ø© اÙعÙØ´Ø ÙÙد Ùجدت اÙØÙ Ù٠بÙع
-اÙخدÙ
ات اÙÙ
تعÙÙØ© باÙبرÙ
جÙات اÙØرة اÙت٠ÙÙ
ت بتطÙÙرÙا. Ùذ٠اÙخدÙ
ات ÙاÙت تشÙ
Ù
-اÙتعÙÙÙ
ÙاÙتثÙÙÙ ÙÙ Ù
ÙاضÙع Ù
ختÙÙØ©Ø ÙÙÙÙ
تÙÙÙ
ببرÙ
جة جÙ٠إÙÙ
اÙØ³Ø ÙÙÙ٠تÙÙÙ
-بتخصÙص Ù
ÙجÙ
Ùع جÙÙ (GCC)Ø ÙÙÙ٠تÙÙÙ
بتطÙÙر برÙ
جÙات٠اÙØ®Ø§ØµØ©Ø ÙÙÙ٠تÙÙÙ
بترÙÙØ©
-Ù
ÙجÙ
Ùع جÙÙ ÙÙعÙ
٠عÙ٠أÙظÙ
Ø© تشغÙ٠أخرÙ.</p>
-
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تÙÙÙ
اÙعدÙد Ù
٠اÙÙ
ؤسسات بÙ
Ù
ارسة
Ø£ÙÙاع Ù
ختÙÙØ© Ù
٠تجارة اÙبرÙ
جÙات اÙØرة
-اÙÙ
Ø°ÙÙرة سابÙاÙ. بعضÙا تÙÙÙ
بتÙزÙع Ù
جÙ
Ùعات
Ù
٠اÙبرÙ
جÙات اÙØرة عÙ٠أÙراص
-Ù
ضغÙطة. بÙÙÙ
ا ÙÙÙÙ
اÙبعض اﻵخر ببÙع خدÙ
ات
اÙدعÙ
Ø ÙاÙت٠تتعدد Ù
ستÙÙاتÙا Ù
Ù
-اﻹجابة عÙ٠أسئÙØ© اÙÙ
ستخدÙ
ÙÙØ ï»¹ØµÙØ§Ø Ø£Ø®Ø·Ø§Ø¡
اÙبرÙ
جÙØ§ØªØ ï»¹Ø¶Ø§ÙØ© Ù
Ùزات Ùخصائص جدÙدة
-ÙÙبراÙ
ج. Ù٠اÙØÙÙÙØ©Ø ÙÙد تطÙر اﻷÙ
ر ØتÙ
صرÙا Ùر٠شرÙات برÙ
جÙات ÙاÙ
ÙØ© ÙتÙ
-Ø¥ÙشاؤÙا ÙتÙÙÙ
ببÙع برÙ
جÙاتÙا اÙØرة.</p>
-
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٠اÙشرÙات اÙت٠Ùرتبط اسÙ
Ùا بÙÙظ
-“اÙÙ
صادر اÙÙ
ÙتÙØØ© (open source)” ÙÙ ÙÙ
اÙØÙÙÙØ© شرÙات تعتÙ
د ÙÙ
-عÙ
ÙÙا عÙ٠براÙ
ج غÙر ØØ±Ø©Ø Ù
ختÙطة ببراÙ
ج Øرة.
Ù
Ø«Ù Ùذ٠اÙشرÙات ï»» تعتبر شرÙات
-براÙ
ج ØØ±Ø©Ø ÙØ¥ÙÙ
ا Ù٠شرÙات براÙ
ج اØتÙارÙØ©
تستخدÙ
Ù
ÙتجاتÙا Ùتغر٠اÙÙ
ستخدÙ
ÙÙ
-ÙتجذبÙÙ
بعÙدا٠ع٠ØرÙتÙÙ
. Ùذ٠اÙبراÙ
ج ÙØ·ÙÙ
عÙÙÙا Ø£ØÙاÙاÙ: “ØزÙ
اÙÙÙÙ
Ø©
-اÙÙ
ضاÙØ©”. Ùذا اÙÙÙظ ÙرÙÙا اÙÙÙÙ
اÙتÙ
ÙرÙدÙÙ Ù
Ùا Ø£Ù ÙتبÙاÙØ§Ø ÙÙÙ
-اÙسÙÙÙØ© ÙاÙÙ
ÙاءÙ
Ø© Ùب٠اÙØرÙØ©. إذا ÙÙا ÙÙدر
ØرÙتÙا Ø£Ùثر Ù
٠أ٠شئ Ø¢Ø®Ø±Ø Ø¹ÙدÙا
-سÙÙ ÙØ·Ù٠عÙÙÙÙ
“ØزÙ
اÙØرÙØ© اÙÙ
ÙÙÙدة”.</p>
-
-<h3>اﻷÙدا٠اÙتÙÙÙØ© ÙÙÙ
شرÙع</h3>
-
-<p>إ٠اÙÙد٠اﻷساس٠Ù
Ù Ùراء Ù
شرÙع جÙÙ ÙÙ
تطÙÙر اÙبرÙ
جÙات اÙØرة. Øت٠إ٠Ùا٠جÙÙ
-ÙÙتÙر ÙÙ
Ùزات تÙÙÙØ© تجعÙ٠أÙض٠Ù
Ù ÙÙÙÙسØ
Ùإ٠جÙ٠سÙظ٠صاØب اﻷÙضÙÙØ© اﻻجتÙ
اعÙØ©Ø
-ï»·ÙÙ ÙسÙ
Ø ÙÙÙ
ستخدÙ
Ù٠باÙتعاÙÙØ ÙÙ
ا Ø£Ù ÙÙ
اﻷÙضÙÙØ© اﻷخÙاÙÙØ©Ø ï»·ÙÙ ÙØترÙ
ØرÙØ©
-اÙÙ
ستخدÙ
.</p>
-
-<p>رغÙ
Ø°ÙÙØ Ùا٠Ù
٠اÙطبÙع٠أ٠ÙÙÙÙ
بتطبÙÙ Ù
عاÙÙر اÙÙ
Ù
ارسة اÙجÙدة عÙÙ
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ثاÙØ ØªØ®ØµÙص ÙÙاÙÙ
اÙبÙاÙات Ù٠اÙذاÙرة بصÙرة دÙÙاÙ
ÙÙÙØ©
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Ù
ا ÙÙتج عÙ٠تÙاÙÙ Ù
Ø´ÙÙØ©
اﻷØجاÙ
اÙثابتة ÙاÙت٠Ùد ï»» تÙÙÙ Ù
عرÙÙØ©
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سبÙاÙ. Ù
ثا٠آخر ÙÙÙ
Ù Ù٠استخداÙ
جÙ
Ùع Ø£ÙÙاع
اÙØ´Ùرات ذات 8 بت Ù٠اÙØاÙات اÙتÙ
-Ùا٠ÙÙÙا Ùذا اﻻستخداÙ
Ù
ÙØ·ÙÙاÙ.</p>
-
-<p>باﻹضاÙØ© ÙØ°ÙÙ ÙÙد رÙضÙا طرÙÙØ© ÙÙÙÙس ÙÙ
اÙترÙÙز عÙ٠اﻻستخداÙ
اÙÙ
ÙØ®Ùض ÙÙذاÙرةØ
-ÙØ°ÙÙ ØÙÙÙ
ا ÙررÙا عدÙ
دعÙ
اﻷجÙزة اÙت٠تتÙÙÙ
بÙÙتÙا Ù
Ù 16 بت (Ùا٠Ù
٠اÙÙاضØ
-باÙÙسبة Ø¥ÙÙÙا أ٠اﻷجÙزة ذات اÙبÙÙØ© اÙÙ
ÙÙÙØ© Ù
Ù 32 بت سÙÙ ØªØµØ¨Ø Ø´Ùئا٠عادÙاÙ
-ØÙÙÙ
ا ÙÙتÙÙ Ù
٠تطÙÙر ÙظاÙ
جÙÙ)Ø ÙÙ
ا ÙررÙا
عدÙ
بذ٠Ù
جÙÙد Ù٠تخÙÙض استخداÙ
-اÙذاÙرة إﻻ ØÙÙÙ
ا ÙتجاÙز 1 Ù
ÙجاباÙت.
باÙÙسبة ÙÙبراÙ
ج اÙت٠ÙÙ
تÙ٠تØتاج
-ÙÙتعاÙ
Ù Ù
ع Ù
ÙÙات بÙاÙات ÙبÙØ±Ø©Ø ÙÙا Ùشجع اÙÙ
برÙ
جÙÙ ÙÙÙ ÙÙÙÙ
Ùا بÙتابة براÙ
جÙÙ
-بØÙØ« تÙÙÙ
بÙراءة اÙÙ
Ù٠اÙÙ
دخ٠ÙاÙ
Ùا٠إÙÙ
ذاÙرة اÙØاسÙØ¨Ø Ù
Ù Ø«Ù
ÙÙÙÙ
اÙبراÙ
ج
-باÙعÙ
٠عÙÙ Ù
ØتÙÙات اÙÙ
ÙÙØ Ù
٠دÙ٠اÙتÙÙÙر
Ù٠عÙ
ÙÙات اﻹدخا٠Ùاﻹخراج (I/O).</p>
-
-<p>Ùذ٠اÙÙرارات Ùا٠ÙÙا باÙغ اﻷثر Ù٠جعÙ
اÙÙØ«Ùر Ù
٠براÙ
ج جÙ٠تتÙ
Ùز ع٠Ù
Ø«ÙÙاتÙا
-ÙÙ ÙظاÙ
ÙÙÙÙØ³Ø ÙÙÙ
ا ÙتعÙ٠باÙسرعة ÙدÙØ©
اﻷداء.</p>
-
-<h3>أجÙزة اÙØاسÙب اÙÙ
تبرع بÙا</h3>
-
-<p>ØÙÙÙ
ا بدأت سÙ
عة Ù
شرÙع جÙ٠باÙتزاÙØ¯Ø ØµØ§Ø±
اÙÙاس ÙتبرعÙ٠بأجÙزة ØÙاسÙب تعÙ
٠عÙÙ
-ÙظاÙ
ÙÙÙÙس ÙدعÙ
اÙÙ
شرÙع. Ùذ٠اﻷجÙزة ÙاÙت Ù
ÙÙدة ÙÙغاÙØ©Ø ï»·Ù Ø£Ø³Ù٠طرÙÙØ© ÙتطÙÙر
-ÙظاÙ
جÙÙ ÙاÙت باÙعÙ
٠عÙÙ ÙظاÙ
ÙÙÙÙØ³Ø ØÙØ«
ÙÙا ÙÙÙÙ
باستبدا٠Ù
ÙÙÙات اÙÙظاÙ
-ÙاØدا٠تÙ٠اﻵخر. ÙÙÙÙ Ùذ٠اﻷجÙزة جÙبت Ù
عÙا
سؤاÙا٠أخÙاÙÙا٠Ù
ÙÙ
اÙ: ÙÙ ÙجÙز
-ÙÙا بداÙة٠أ٠ÙÙ
تÙÙ Ùسخة Ù
Ù ÙظاÙ
ÙÙÙÙسØ</p>
-
-<p>Ø¥Ù ÙظاÙ
ÙÙÙÙس Ùا٠(Ùï»» ÙزاÙ) برÙاÙ
جاÙ
اØتÙارÙاÙØ ÙÙÙسÙØ© Ù
شرÙع جÙ٠تÙÙ٠بÙضÙØ
-Ø£ÙÙا Ùجب أﻻ ÙستخدÙ
أ٠برÙاÙ
ج اØتÙار٠Ù
ÙÙ
ا
ÙاÙ. ÙÙÙÙ ØÙÙÙ
ا ÙÙÙÙ
بتطبÙ٠اÙÙ
ÙØ·Ù
-اÙØ°Ù ÙÙÙد٠ﻷ٠استخداÙ
اÙعÙÙ ÙÙ ØاÙات
اÙدÙاع ع٠اÙÙÙس ÙÙ ØÙ Ù
شرÙØ¹Ø ØÙÙÙا ستصÙ
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Ù ÙبÙØ ÙÙ٠أÙÙ
Ù
٠اÙÙ
شرÙع Ù٠أ٠تستخدÙ
ØزÙ
Ø©
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ا ÙÙÙÙ Ùذا Ø£Ù
را٠ØاسÙ
اÙ
سÙساعد٠Ù٠تطÙÙر بدÙÙ Øر ÙÙذ٠اÙØزÙ
Ø©Ø
-Ù
Ù
ا سÙساعد اÙآخرÙÙ ÙÙتÙÙÙÙا ع٠استخداÙ
اÙØزÙ
Ø© اﻻØتÙارÙØ© ÙÙÙÙÙ
Ùا باستخداÙ
-اÙبدÙ٠اÙØر.</p>
-
-<p>ÙÙÙÙ Øت٠ÙÙ ÙجدÙا Ù
ÙØ·Ùا٠Ù
Ù Ùراء اÙشرØ
ÙØ¥ÙÙ ï»» Ùزا٠شراÙ. اﻵ٠ÙÙس ÙدÙÙا Ø£Ù
-Ùسخة Ù
Ù ÙظاÙ
ÙÙÙÙس اÙÙدÙÙ
Ø ï»·ÙÙا ÙÙ
Ùا
باستبداÙÙا جÙ
Ùعا٠بأÙظÙ
Ø© تشغÙÙ
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ا عجزÙا ع٠استبدا٠ÙظاÙ
تشغÙÙ
جÙاز٠Ù
ا بآخر ØØ±Ø ÙÙ
Ùا باستبداÙ
-اÙجÙاز ÙÙسÙ.</p>
-
-<h3>ÙائÙ
Ø© Ù
ÙاÙ
Ù
شرÙع جÙÙ</h3>
-
-<p>بÙ
رÙر اÙزÙ
ÙØ ØªØ·Ùر Ù
شرÙع جÙÙØ Ùزاد عدد
اÙبراÙ
ج اÙت٠ÙÙ
Ùا بتطÙÙرÙا ÙإضاÙتÙا
-ÙÙÙظاÙ
. Ù٠اÙÙÙاÙØ© ÙجدÙا Ø£ÙÙ Ù
٠اÙÙ
ÙÙد ÙÙا
Ø£Ù Ùضع ÙائÙ
Ø© باﻷجزاء اÙÙاÙصة
-ÙتساعدÙا Ù٠عÙ
ÙÙا. Ùذ٠اÙÙائÙ
Ø© ÙاÙت Ù
ÙÙدة
ØÙÙÙ
ا اØتجÙا ÙتجÙÙد Ù
برÙ
جÙÙ
-ÙÙÙÙÙ
Ùا بتطÙÙر اﻷجزاء اÙÙاÙصة Ù
٠اÙÙظاÙ
.
بÙ
رÙر اÙزÙ
ÙØ Ø£ØµØ¨Øت Ùذ٠اÙÙائÙ
Ø© تعرÙ
-بÙائÙ
Ø© Ù
ÙاÙ
Ù
شرÙع جÙÙ. ÙاÙت اÙÙائÙ
Ø© تØÙÙØ
باﻹضاÙØ© ﻷجزاء ÙÙÙÙس اÙÙ
ÙÙÙدة ÙÙ
-جÙÙØ Ø¨Ø±Ø§Ù
جا٠ÙÙثائÙا٠أخر٠أØسسÙا Ø£ÙÙا جزء
أساس٠ﻷ٠ÙظاÙ
ÙرÙد Ø£Ù ÙÙÙÙ ÙظاÙ
اÙ
-Ù
تÙاÙ
ÙاÙ.</p>
-
-<p>اÙÙÙÙ
(1) زاÙت أغÙب أجزاء ÙÙÙÙس اÙÙ
ÙÙÙدة Ù
Ù ÙائÙ
Ø© Ù
ÙاÙ
جÙٗجÙ
Ùع ÙØ°Ù
-اﻷجزاء تÙ
ت إضاÙتÙا ÙجÙÙØ Ø¨Ø§Ø³ØªØ«Ùاء اÙÙÙÙÙ
جدا٠Ù
٠اÙبراÙ
ج اÙثاÙÙÙØ©. ï»» زاÙت
-اÙÙائÙ
Ø© Ù
ÙÙئة باÙÙ
شارÙع اÙت٠ÙØ·Ù٠عÙÙÙا
اÙبعض “تطبÙÙات”. إ٠أÙ
-برÙاÙ
ج Ùجتذب Ø£Ùثر Ù
Ù Ù
جÙ
Ùعة صغÙرة Ù
٠اÙÙ
ستخدÙ
ÙÙ Ùعتبر إضاÙØ© Ù
ÙÙدة ÙÙظاÙ
-اÙتشغÙÙ.</p>
-
-<p>Ø¥Ù ÙائÙ
Ø© اÙÙ
ÙاÙ
تØتÙÙ Øت٠عÙÙ
Ø£Ùعاب—ÙÙد ÙاÙت ÙØ°ÙÙ Ù
ÙØ° اÙبداÙØ©. بÙ
ا Ø£Ù
-ÙÙÙÙس Ùا٠ÙØتÙ٠عÙ٠أÙØ¹Ø§Ø¨Ø ÙÙ
٠اÙطبÙع٠ÙاÙ
Ø£Ù ÙØتÙ٠جÙ٠عÙ٠أÙعاب Ø£ÙضاÙ. ÙÙ
-ÙÙ٠عدÙ
اÙتÙاÙ٠بÙ٠اÙÙظاÙ
ÙÙ ÙØ´ÙÙ Ù
Ø´ÙÙØ©Ø
ÙÙØ°ÙÙ ÙÙ
ÙÙتÙ
بÙائÙ
Ø© اﻷÙعاب اÙتÙ
-اØتÙ٠عÙÙÙا ÙÙÙÙس. بدÙا٠ع٠ذÙÙØ ÙÙ
Ùا
بإدراج Ù
جÙ
Ùعة Ù
٠اﻷÙعاب اÙÙ
ختÙÙØ© اÙتÙ
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ستخدÙ
Ù٠سÙÙ ÙØبÙÙÙا.</p>
-
-<p>(1) Ùا٠Ùذا Ù٠اÙعاÙ
1998Ù
. Ù٠اÙعاÙ
2009Ù
ÙÙ
تعد ÙدÙÙا ÙائÙ
Ø© Ù
ÙاÙ
Ø·ÙÙÙØ© ÙÙ
ا
-Ù٠اÙسابÙ. إ٠اÙÙ
جتÙ
ع اÙبرÙ
ج٠Ù٠عاÙÙ
اÙÙÙÙ
ÙÙÙÙ
بتطÙÙر اÙبرÙ
جÙات اÙØرة
-بسرعة Ø£Ùبر Ù
Ù
ا ÙÙ
ÙÙÙا Ø£Ù ÙÙÙÙ
بÙ
تابعتÙا
ÙتسجÙÙÙا. ÙÙØ°ÙÙØ Ø¹Ùضا٠ع٠تÙÙ
-اÙÙائÙ
Ø©Ø Ø£ØµØ¨Ø ÙدÙÙا اÙÙÙÙ
ÙائÙ
Ø© ÙصÙرة باÙÙ
شارÙع ذات اﻷÙÙÙÙØ© اÙÙصÙÙØ Ø¨Ø§ï»¹Ø¶Ø§ÙØ©
-ÙÙائÙ
Ø© Ø£Ùصر Ù
ÙÙا تØتÙ٠عÙ٠اÙÙ
شارÙع اÙتÙ
Ùرغب بتشجÙع اÙÙ
برÙ
جÙÙ ÙÙÙÙÙ
Ùا
-بتطÙÙرÙا.</p>
-
-<h3>رخصة Ù
Ùتبة جÙ٠اÙعاÙ
Ø© (GNU Library GPL)</h3>
-
-<p>Ø¥Ù Ù
Ùتبة Ùغة س٠(C) اÙتابعة ÙÙ
شرÙع جÙÙ
تستخدÙ
ÙÙعا٠خاصا٠Ù
٠رخص اÙØÙÙÙ
-اÙÙ
ترÙÙØ©Ø ÙØ·Ù٠عÙÙÙا اسÙ
رخصة Ù
Ùتبة جÙÙ
اÙعاÙ
Ø© (1)Ø ÙاÙت٠تسÙ
Ø Ø¨Ø±Ø¨Ø· اÙبراÙ
ج
-اﻻØتÙارÙØ© باÙÙ
Ùتبة. ÙÙ
اذا ÙÙ
Ùا بÙذا
اﻻستثÙاءØ</p>
-
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سأÙØ© ÙÙست Ù
سأÙØ© Ù
Ø¨Ø¯Ø£Ø Ø¥Ø° Ø£ÙÙ Ùا ÙجÙد
ÙÙÙ
بدأ اÙØ°Ù ÙÙÙ٠أ٠اÙبرÙ
جÙات
-اﻻØتÙارÙØ© تÙ
تÙ٠اÙØÙ Ù٠استخداÙ
Ø´ÙرتÙا
اÙبرÙ
جÙØ©. (ÙÙ
اذا ÙÙÙÙ
باÙÙ
شارÙØ© ÙÙ
-Ù
شرÙع ÙعÙÙ
سÙÙا٠أÙ٠سÙرÙض اÙتعاÙÙ ÙاÙÙ
شارÙØ© Ù
عÙاØ) إ٠استخداÙ
اÙرخصة اÙخاصة
-ÙÙ
Ùتبة Ùغة س٠ÙÙ ØرÙØ© استراتÙجÙØ© بØتة.</p>
-
-<p>Ø¥Ù ÙظÙÙØ© Ù
Ùتبة Ùغة س٠تعتبر ÙظÙÙØ© عاÙ
Ø©Ø
ﻷ٠أ٠ÙظاÙ
اØتÙار٠أ٠Ù
ÙجÙ
Ùع Ø´Ùرة
-ÙØتاج ÙÙجÙد Ù
Ùتبة Ùغة سÙ. ÙÙØ°ÙÙ ÙÙØ٠إ٠ÙÙا
سÙجع٠Ù
Ùتبة Ùغة س٠Ù
تÙÙرة ØصراÙ
-عÙ٠اÙبرÙ
جÙات اÙØØ±Ø©Ø ÙØ¥Ù Ùذ٠اÙخطÙØ© ÙÙ
تÙÙ
Ùتعط٠اÙبرÙ
جÙات اÙØرة Ø£Ù
-Ø£ÙضÙÙØ©—عÙ٠اÙعÙس تÙ
اÙ
اÙØ ÙاÙت ÙØ°Ù
اÙخطÙØ© ستثبط Ù
Ù ÙرغبÙ٠باستخداÙ
-Ù
ÙتبتÙا.</p>
-
-<p>ÙÙا٠ÙظاÙ
ÙاØد ÙØ´Ù٠استثÙاءا٠ÙÙÙاعدةØ
ÙÙÙ ÙظاÙ
جÙÙ (بÙ
ا ÙØ´Ù
٠جÙÙ/ÙÙÙÙس)Ø
-ØÙØ« Ø£Ù Ù
Ùتبة Ùغة س٠اÙخاصة بجÙÙ ÙÙ Ù
Ùتبة
Ùغة س٠اÙÙØÙدة عÙÙ Ùذا
-اÙÙظاÙ
. باÙتاÙÙ Ùإ٠شرÙØ· اÙتÙزÙع اÙخاصة بÙ
Ùتبة Ùغة س٠ستØدد Ù
ا إذا Ùا٠Ù
Ù
-اÙÙ
Ù
Ù٠تجÙ
Ùع برÙاÙ
ج اØتÙار٠بØÙØ« ÙØµØ¨Ø Ø¨Ø§ï»¹Ù
Ùا٠أ٠ÙعÙ
٠عÙÙ ÙظاÙ
جÙÙ. عÙÙ
-اÙرغÙ
Ù
٠عدÙ
ÙجÙد سبب أخÙاÙÙ ÙجعÙÙا ÙسÙ
Ø
باÙبرÙ
جÙات اÙاØتÙارÙØ© عÙÙ ÙظاÙ
جÙÙØ
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Ù ÙاØÙØ© استراتÙجÙØ©Ø Ø£Ù Ù
Ùع
Ùذ٠اÙبراÙ
ج Ù
٠اÙعÙ
٠عÙÙ ÙظاÙ
جÙÙ
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ستخدÙ
ÙÙ
Ù
Ù ÙظاÙ
جÙÙØ Ø¨Ø¯Ùا٠ع٠أ٠Ùشجع
-اÙÙ
برÙ
جÙÙ ÙتطÙÙر اÙبراÙ
ج اÙØرة. ÙÙØ°Ù
اﻷسباب Ùإ٠استخداÙ
رخصة Ù
Ùتبة جÙÙ
-اÙعاÙ
Ø© Ù٠خطÙØ© استراتÙجÙØ© ÙÙÙ
ا Ùخص Ù
Ùتبة
Ùغة سÙ.</p>
-
-<p>باÙÙسبة ÙÙ
Ùتبات اÙÙغات اﻷخرÙØ ÙØ¥Ù
اÙÙرار اﻻستراتÙج٠Ùجب Ø£Ù ÙتÙ
اتخاذ٠ÙÙÙ
-ØاÙØ© عÙÙ Øدة. ØÙÙÙ
ا تÙÙÙ
اÙÙ
Ùتبة اÙÙ
عÙÙØ©
بأداء ÙظÙÙØ© خاصة تجعÙÙا Ù
ÙÙدة
-ÙÙتابة اÙبرÙ
جÙØ§ØªØ ØÙÙÙا ÙÙÙ٠ترخÙصÙا
باستخداÙ
رخصة جÙ٠اÙعاÙ
Ø© (GPL) Ù
ÙÙ
اÙØ
-ØÙØ« Ø£Ù Ùذا سÙØصر استخداÙ
اÙÙ
Ùتبة اÙÙ
عÙÙØ©
عÙ٠اÙبرÙ
جÙات اÙØرة ÙÙØ·Ø Ù
Ù
ا سÙساعد
-Ù
Ø·Ùر٠اÙبرÙ
جÙات اÙØرة ÙÙعطÙÙÙ
Ø£ÙضÙÙØ© ضد Ù
Ø·Ùر٠اÙبرÙ
جÙات اﻻØتÙارÙØ©.</p>
-
-<p>عÙ٠سبÙ٠اÙÙ
ثاÙØ ÙØ¥Ù Ù
Ùتبة رÙدÙاÙÙ (GNU
Readline)Ø ÙاÙت٠تÙ
تطÙÙرÙا ÙتÙÙر
-خدÙ
ات تØرÙر سطÙر اﻷÙاÙ
ر ÙÙ Ù
ÙÙØ° Ø£ÙاÙ
ر باش
(BASH)Ø Ùذ٠اÙÙ
Ùتبة Ù
رخصة باستخداÙ
-رخصة جÙ٠اÙعاÙ
Ø© اÙعادÙØ© (GNU GPL)Ø ÙÙÙس
باستخداÙ
رخصة اÙÙ
Ùتبة (Library
-GPL). Ùذا اﻷÙ
ر عÙÙ Ø§ï»·Ø±Ø¬Ø Ø³Ùؤثر سÙبا٠عÙ٠عدد
اÙبراÙ
ج اÙت٠تستخدÙ
رÙدÙاÙÙØ Ø¥ï»»
-Ø£Ù Ùذا ï»» Ùعتبر خسارة باÙÙسبة Ø¥ÙÙÙا. ÙÙ ÙÙس
اÙÙÙØªØ ÙÙا٠براÙ
ج Ù
ÙÙد ÙاØد عÙÙ
-اﻷÙ٠تÙ
تطÙÙر٠ÙبرÙ
جÙØ© Øرة تستخدÙ
Ù
Ùتبة
رÙدÙاÙÙØ ÙÙذا ÙØ¬Ø§Ø ØÙÙÙ٠باÙÙسبة
-ÙÙ
جتÙ
ع اÙبرÙ
جÙات اÙØرة.</p>
-
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برÙ
ج٠اÙبرÙ
جÙات اﻻØتÙارÙØ© ÙدÙÙÙ
Ø£ÙضÙÙØ©
اÙÙ
اÙØ Ø£Ù
ا Ù
برÙ
ج٠اÙبرÙ
جÙات اÙØرة
-ÙعÙÙÙÙ
Ø£Ù ÙصÙعÙا Ø£ÙضÙÙاتÙÙ
ÙبعضÙÙ
اÙبعض.
أتÙ
ÙÙ ÙÙ ÙÙÙ
Ù
٠اﻷÙاÙ
Ø£Ù ÙÙÙÙ ÙدÙÙا
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جÙ
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Ø© Ù
٠اÙÙ
Ùتبات اÙبرÙ
جÙØ© اÙÙ
رخصة
برخصة جÙ٠اÙعاÙ
Ø©Ø ÙاÙت٠ÙÙس ÙدÙÙا
-Ù
Ø«ÙÙ Ù٠عاÙÙ
اÙبرÙ
جÙات اﻻØتÙارÙØ©. Ù
Ø«Ù ÙØ°Ù
اÙÙ
Ùتبات ستÙÙر ÙØدات اÙبÙاء
-اﻷساسÙØ© اÙت٠ستساعد Ù٠تطÙÙر اÙبرÙ
جÙات
اÙØØ±Ø©Ø ÙÙ
ع اÙÙÙت ستتراÙÙ
اﻷÙضÙÙØ© بØÙØ«
-ÙÙ
Ù٠تطÙÙر براÙ
ج Øرة Ø£Ùثر ÙØ£Ùثر.</p>
-
-<p>(1) Ùذ٠اÙرخصة تعر٠اÙآ٠برخصة جÙ٠اÙعاÙ
Ø©
اÙÙ
ØµØºØ±Ø©Ø Øت٠ﻻ Ùعط٠اﻻÙطباع بأÙ
-جÙ
Ùع اÙÙ
Ùتبات اÙبرÙ
جÙØ© Ùجب أ٠تستخدÙ
ÙØ°Ù
اÙرخصة. ÙÙÙ
زÙد Ù
٠اÙتÙاصÙÙØ ÙÙ
ÙÙÙ
-اﻻصطÙاع عÙÙ Ù
ÙاÙØ© <a href="/philosophy/why-not-lgpl.html">ÙÙ
اذا Ùجب أﻻ
-تستخدÙ
رخصة جÙ٠اÙعاÙ
Ø© اÙÙ
صغرة ÙترخÙص Ù
Ùتبت٠اÙÙادÙ
Ø©</a>.</p>
-
-<h3>ÙÙÙ ÙÙ
Ù٠تÙبÙØ© اÙÙ
تطÙبات (أ٠خدش
اÙØÙØ©)Ø</h3>
-<p>
-إرÙ٠راÙÙ
ÙÙد Ùا٠“إ٠أ٠عÙ
٠برÙ
ج٠جÙد
Ùبدأ Ù
٠خدش اÙÙ
برÙ
ج ÙØÙتÙ
-اÙخاصة.” ربÙ
ا Ùا٠Ùذا Ù
ا ÙØدث Ù٠بعض
اﻷØÙاÙØ ÙÙÙ٠اÙØÙÙÙØ© أ٠اÙعدÙد Ù
Ù
-أجزاء جÙ٠اﻷساسÙØ© تÙ
تطÙÙرÙا Øت٠ÙتÙ
ÙÙ Ù
Ù
اÙØصÙ٠عÙÙ ÙظاÙ
تشغÙÙ ØØ±Ø Ø£Ù Ø£Ù
-اÙبراÙ
ج جاءت ÙتÙجة رؤÙØ© Ùخطة استراتÙجÙØ©Ø
ï»» ÙتÙجة اÙدÙاع ÙØظÙ.</p>
-<p>
-ÙÙ
Ø«ÙاÙØ ØÙÙÙ
ا ÙÙ
Ùا بتطÙÙر Ù
Ùتبة Ùغة سÙ
اÙخاصة بجÙÙØ Ùا٠Ùذا ﻷ٠أ٠ÙظاÙ
Ù
شابÙ
-ÙÙÙÙÙس ÙØتاج ÙÙجÙد Ù
Ùتبة سÙ. ØÙÙÙ
ا Ø·ÙرÙا Ù
ÙÙØ° Ø£ÙاÙ
ر باش (BASH)Ø Ùا٠Ùذا ï»·Ù
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Ù
شاب٠ÙÙÙÙÙس ÙØتاج ÙÙجÙد Ù
ÙÙØ° Ø£ÙاÙ
Ø±Ø ÙØÙÙÙ
ا ÙÙ
Ùا بتطÙÙر برÙاÙ
ج
-اﻷرشÙØ© تار (GNU tar)Ø Ùا٠Ùذا ﻷ٠أ٠ÙظاÙ
Ù
شابÙ
ÙÙÙÙÙس Ùجب Ø£Ù ÙØتÙ٠عÙÙ
-برÙاÙ
ج أرشÙØ©. ÙÙس Ùذا اﻷÙ
ر ÙÙطب٠عÙ٠اÙبراÙ
ج اÙت٠ÙÙ
ت بتطÙÙرÙا
-شخصÙاٗÙ
ÙجÙ
Ùع Ùغة س٠(GNU C compiler)Ø ÙبرÙاÙ
ج
Ø¥ÙÙ
اÙس (GNU Emacs)Ø
-ÙÙ
ÙصØÙØ Ø§ÙØ´Ùرة (GDB)Ø ÙبرÙاÙ
ج اﻹÙشاء (GNU
Make).</p>
-<p>
-بعض براÙ
ج جÙ٠تÙ
تطÙÙرÙا ÙتتجاÙب Ù
ع بعض
اÙتÙدÙدات اÙت٠ÙاÙت تÙاجÙ
-ØرÙاتÙا. ÙÙ
Ø«Ùا٠ÙÙ
Ùا بتطÙÙر برÙاÙ
ج ضغط اÙÙ
ÙÙات (gzip) ÙÙØÙ Ù
Ø٠برÙاÙ
ج اÙضغط
-اÙخاص بÙÙÙÙس (Compress)Ø ÙاÙذ٠اÙتسب٠اÙÙ
جتÙ
ع
بسبب Ù
Ø´ÙÙØ© براءة اختراع
-Ø®ÙارزÙ
ÙØ© ÙÙ
بÙÙ-زÙÙ-ÙÙÙØ´ (<abbr
title="Lempel-Ziv-Welch">LZW</abbr> ). شاÙدÙا
-اÙÙ
جتÙ
ع اÙبرÙ
ج٠ÙÙÙ ÙÙÙÙ
بتطÙÙر بÙئة برÙ
جة
ÙستÙ٠اÙرسÙÙ
ÙØ© (LessTif)Ø ÙÙ
ا
-شاÙدÙا تطÙر بÙئة Ø³Ø·Ø Ø§ÙÙ
Ùتب جÙÙÙ
(<abbr title="GNU
Network Object Model
-Environment">GNOME</abbr>)Ø ÙÙ
شرÙع ÙارÙ
ÙÙÙ (Harmony)Ø
ÙاÙت٠Ùتجت جÙ
ÙعÙا Ù
Ù
-اÙرغبة ÙÙ Ø٠اÙÙ
شاÙ٠اÙت٠تسببÙا Ù
Ùتبات برÙ
جÙØ© اØتÙارÙØ© Ù
عÙÙØ© (اÙظر
-أدÙاÙ). ÙØ٠اﻵ٠ÙÙÙÙ
بتطÙÙر برÙاÙ
ج جÙÙ ÙØÙ
اÙØ© اÙخصÙصÙØ© (GNU Privacy Guard)
-ÙÙÙ ÙØÙ Ù
ØÙ ÙظÙر٠Ù
٠براÙ
ج اÙتشÙÙر
اﻻØتÙارÙØ©Ø ï»¹ÙÙ
اÙÙا بأ٠اÙÙ
ستخدÙ
ÙÙ ï»» Ùجب
-Ø£Ù ÙتÙ
تخÙÙرÙÙ
بÙ٠خصÙصÙتÙÙ
ÙØرÙتÙÙ
.</p>
-<p>
-باÙØ·Ø¨Ø¹Ø Ùإ٠اÙÙ
برÙ
جÙ٠اÙÙ
سئÙÙÙ٠ع٠Ùتابة
Ùذ٠اÙبراÙ
ج أصبØÙا Ù
ÙتÙ
Ù٠باÙعÙ
ÙØ
-ÙÙ
Ù Ø«Ù
تÙ
ت إضاÙØ© اÙÙØ«Ùر Ù
٠اÙخصائص Ù
Ù ÙبÙ
أشخاص آخرÙÙØ ÙخدÙ
Ø© أغراضÙÙ
-ÙاÙتÙ
اÙ
اتÙÙ
. إﻻ Ø£Ù Ùذا ÙÙس اÙسبب اÙØ°Ù
ÙÙتÙبÙت Ùذ٠اÙبراÙ
ج Ù
٠أجÙÙ Ù٠اÙÙ
ÙاÙ
-اﻷÙÙ.</p>
-
-<h3>تطÙرات غÙر Ù
تÙÙعة</h3>
-<p>
-Ù٠بداÙØ© إطÙا٠Ù
شرÙع جÙÙØ ÙÙت أتخÙ٠أÙÙا
سÙÙÙÙ
بتطÙÙر ÙظاÙ
جÙÙ ÙÙ ÙÙÙتÙØ ÙÙ
Ù
-Ø«Ù
سÙÙÙÙ
بإطÙا٠اÙÙظاÙ
Ù
تÙاÙ
Ùا٠ÙÙÙ
ستخدÙ
ÙÙØ Ø¥ï»» أ٠اﻷÙ
ر ÙÙ
ÙتÙ
عÙÙ Ùذا اÙÙسÙ.</p>
-<p>
-بÙ
ا أ٠جÙ
Ùع Ù
ÙÙÙات ÙظاÙ
جÙ٠تÙ
تطÙÙرÙا عÙÙ
ÙظاÙ
ÙÙÙÙØ³Ø Ùإ٠جÙ
Ùع Ùذ٠اÙÙ
ÙÙÙات
-ÙاÙت تعÙ
٠عÙ٠أÙظÙ
Ø© تشغÙÙ ÙÙÙÙس Ùب٠أ٠ÙÙتÙ
Ù ÙظاÙ
جÙ٠بÙترة Ø·ÙÙÙØ©. بعض ÙØ°Ù
-اÙبراÙ
ج Ø£ØµØ¨Ø Ù
Ø´ÙÙراÙØ Ùبدأ اÙÙ
ستخدÙ
ÙÙ ÙÙ
تÙسÙع اÙبراÙ
ج ÙترÙÙتÙا ÙتعÙ
٠عÙÙ
-Ø£ÙظÙ
Ø© تشغÙ٠أخرٗÙ
ث٠أÙظÙ
Ø© ÙÙÙÙس اÙÙ
ختÙÙØ© ÙاÙت٠ÙÙ
تÙ٠تتÙاÙÙ Ù
ع
-بعضÙØ§Ø Ø¨Ø§ï»¹Ø¶Ø§ÙØ© Ùبعض Ø£ÙظÙ
Ø© اÙتشغÙÙ
اﻷخرÙ.</p>
-<p>
-Ùذ٠اÙعÙ
ÙÙØ© جعÙت بعض اÙبراÙ
ج Ø£ÙÙÙ Ù
Ù
ا
ÙاÙØªØ ÙÙ
ا Ø£ÙÙا اجتذبت اÙتÙ
ÙÙÙ
-ÙاÙÙ
تطÙعÙÙ ÙÙ
شرÙع جÙÙ. Ù
٠اÙÙاØÙØ© اﻷخرÙØ
ÙØ¥Ù Ùذا Ùد أد٠ÙتأخÙر اÙتÙ
ا٠ÙظاÙ
-اÙتشغÙÙ ÙÙ ÙÙÙتÙØ ï»·Ù Ù
Ø·Ùر٠جÙ٠أصبØÙا
ÙÙضÙÙ ÙÙتÙÙ
Ù٠صÙاÙØ© Ùسخ اÙبراÙ
ج
-اÙÙ
ختÙÙØ©Ø ÙإضاÙØ© Ù
Ùزات جدÙدة ÙÙذ٠اÙبراÙ
Ø¬Ø Ø¹Ùضا٠ع٠اﻻÙتÙ
اÙ
بÙتابة اﻷجزاء
-اÙÙاÙصة Ù
٠اÙÙظاÙ
.</p>
-
-<h3>ÙÙاة ÙÙرد (The GNU Hurd)</h3>
-<p>
-بØÙÙ٠عاÙ
1990Ù
Ø Ùا٠ÙظاÙ
جÙÙ Ùد شار٠عÙÙ
اﻻÙتÙ
اÙØ Ø¨Ø§Ø³ØªØ«Ùاء اÙجزء اÙÙ
ÙÙÙدØ
-ÙاÙØ°Ù Ùا٠ÙÙاة اÙÙظاÙ
. ÙÙا Ùد ÙررÙا تطÙÙر
ÙÙاة اÙÙظاÙ
اÙخاصة بÙا ÙÙ
جÙ
Ùعة Ù
Ù
-اÙعÙ
ÙÙات اÙخدÙ
ÙØ© (server processes) اÙت٠تعÙ
٠عÙÙ
رأس ÙÙاة Ù
ا٠(Mach). ÙÙاة
-Ù
ا٠اÙÙ
صغرة (microkernel) ÙÙ ÙÙاة ÙظاÙ
تÙ
تطÙÙرÙا
Ù٠جاÙ
عة ÙارÙÙج٠Ù
ÙÙÙÙ
-(Carnegie Mellon University) بداÙØ©ÙØ Ù
Ù Ø«Ù
Ù٠جاÙ
عة
ÙÙتا٠(University of
-Utah). ÙÙاة ÙÙرد ÙÙ Ù
جÙ
Ùعة Ù
٠اÙÙ
خدÙÙ
ات (ÙÙ
Ù Ø«Ù
جاء اﻻسÙ
Ø Ø£Ù Ø£Ù ÙÙرد Ù
عÙاÙا
-باﻻÙجÙÙزÙØ© اÙÙØ·Ùع) ÙاÙت٠ستعÙ
٠عÙ٠رأس
ÙÙاة Ù
اÙØ ØÙØ« ستÙÙÙ
بعÙ
Ù ÙاÙØ© اÙÙظائÙ
-اÙت٠تÙÙÙ
بÙا ÙÙاة ÙظاÙ
ÙÙÙÙس. تأخر تطÙÙر
ÙÙاة ÙÙرد ï»·ÙÙا ÙÙا ÙÙتظر إطÙاÙ
-ÙÙاة Ù
ا٠ÙبرÙ
جÙØ© ØØ±Ø©Ø ÙØ°Ù٠اÙشئ اÙØ°Ù ÙÙا Ùد
ÙÙعدÙا بÙ.</p>
-<p>
-Ù
٠أسباب اختÙارÙا ÙÙذا اÙتصÙ
ÙÙ
ÙÙ Ù
ØاÙÙØ©
تÙاÙ٠اÙجزء اﻷصعب Ù
٠اÙÙ
ÙÙ
Ø©: ÙÙÙ
-Ù
ØاÙÙØ© تصØÙØ Ø£Ø®Ø·Ø§Ø¡ ÙÙاة اÙÙظاÙ
Ø Ø¨Ø¯Ù٠أÙ
ÙÙÙÙ ÙدÙÙا Ù
ÙصØÙÙØ Ùادر عÙ٠اÙتصØÙØ
-عÙÙ Ù
ستÙÙ Ø´Ùرة اÙÙ
صدر. Ùذ٠اÙÙ
ÙÙ
Ø© ÙاÙت Ùد
اÙتÙ
Ùت باÙÙع٠ÙÙ ÙÙاة Ù
اÙØ ÙعÙÙÙ
-ÙÙد ÙÙا ÙتÙÙع Ø£ÙÙا سÙÙÙÙ
بتصØÙØ Ø£Ø®Ø·Ø§Ø¡ ÙÙاة
ÙÙرد باعتبارÙا براÙ
ج Ù
ستخدÙ
-عادÙØ©Ø ÙØ°Ù٠باستخداÙ
Ù
ÙصØÙØ Ø´Ùرة جÙÙ (GDB). Ù
٠اÙÙ
ؤس٠أ٠اﻷÙ
ر استغر٠ÙÙتاÙ
-Ø·ÙÙÙا٠ÙÙغاÙØ©Ø ÙÙ
ا أ٠اÙÙ
خدÙÙ
ات Ù
تعددة
اÙÙظائ٠(multithreaded servers)Ø
-ÙاÙت٠تتÙاص٠Ù
ع بعضÙا اÙبعض باستخداÙ
اÙرسائÙØ Ø§ØªØ¶Ø Ø£ÙÙا صعبة
-اÙتصØÙØ. اÙÙتÙجة أ٠اﻷÙ
ر استغر٠أعÙاÙ
اÙ
Ø·ÙÙÙØ© Ùتص٠ÙÙاة ÙÙرد ÙÙ
رØÙØ© اÙÙضÙج.</p>
-
-<h3>Ø£ÙÙÙس</h3>
-<p>
-ÙÙ
ÙÙÙ Ù
٠اÙÙ
Ùترض بداÙة٠أ٠تÙسÙ
Ù ÙÙاة جÙÙ
باسÙ
ÙÙرد. اﻻسÙ
اﻷصÙÙ ÙاÙ
-Ø£ÙÙÙس—ÙÙ٠اسÙ
اÙÙ
رأة اÙت٠ÙاÙت ØبÙبتÙ
ÙÙ Ø°Ù٠اÙÙÙت. ÙاÙت Ø£ÙÙÙس Ù
دÙرة
-ÙظاÙ
ÙÙÙÙس (system administrator)Ø ÙÙاÙت Ùد أشارت Ù
Ù
Ùب٠ﻷ٠اسÙ
Ùا سÙتÙاÙÙ Ù
ع
-ÙÙ
Ø· اÙتسÙ
ÙØ© اÙÙ
تبع عÙ٠أÙظÙ
Ø© ÙÙÙÙس. ÙعÙÙ
سبÙ٠اÙÙ
زاØØ Ø£Ø®Ø¨Ø±Øª Ø£ÙÙÙس صاØباتÙا
-بأÙÙ “ÙÙبغ٠أ٠ÙÙÙÙ
شخص Ù
ا بتسÙ
ÙØ© ÙÙاة
ÙظاÙ
باسÙ
Ù.” ÙÙ
أعÙ٠أÙا
-Ø¨Ø´Ø¦Ø ÙÙÙÙÙÙ Ùررت أ٠أÙاجئÙا بÙÙاة ÙظاÙ
Ù
سÙ
اة باسÙ
Ø£ÙÙÙس.</p>
-<p>
-ÙÙ
ÙستÙ
ر اﻷÙ
ر عÙÙ Ùذ٠اÙطرÙÙØ©Ø ï»·Ù Ù
اÙÙÙ
بÙØ´ÙÙÙ (ÙاÙØ°Ù Ùعر٠اﻵ٠باسÙ
تÙÙ
اس)Ø
-ÙÙ٠اÙÙ
Ø·Ùر اÙرئÙس٠ÙÙÙÙØ§Ø©Ø ÙضÙ٠اسÙ
ÙÙردØ
ÙÙ
ا Ø£Ù٠أعاد تعرÙ٠أÙÙÙس ÙترÙ
ز Ø¥ÙÙ
-جزء Ù
عÙÙ Ù
٠اÙÙÙاة—ÙÙ٠اÙجزء اÙØ°Ù
ÙستÙب٠استدعاءات اÙÙظاÙ
(system
-calls) ÙÙ
Ù Ø«Ù
ÙÙÙÙ
بÙ
عاÙجتÙا عبر إرساÙ
اÙرسائ٠ÙÙ
خدÙÙ
ات ÙÙرد.</p>
-<p>
-ÙاØÙاÙØ Ø§ÙÙصÙت ع٠أÙÙÙØ³Ø ÙÙاÙ
ت Ù٠بتغÙÙر
اسÙ
Ùا. Ù
Ù ÙاØÙØ© أخرÙØ Ùا٠تصÙ
ÙÙ
-ÙÙرد Ùد تغÙر بØÙØ« صارت Ù
Ùتبة Ùغة س٠ترسÙ
اÙرسائ٠Ù
باشرة ÙÙÙ
خدÙÙ
Ø§ØªØ ÙÙذا Ù
ا
-جع٠اÙجزء اÙÙ
سÙ
٠أÙÙÙس ÙتÙ
Ø¥Ùغاؤ٠ÙÙختÙÙ Ù
Ù ÙÙاة اÙÙظاÙ
.</p>
-<p>
-ÙÙÙÙ Ùب٠أ٠تØدث جÙ
Ùع Ùذ٠اÙتغÙÙØ±Ø§ØªØ ÙاÙ
Ø£Øد أصدÙائÙا Ùد رأ٠اسÙ
Ø£ÙÙÙس ØÙÙÙ
ا
-Ùا٠ÙطاÙع Ø´Ùرة اÙÙ
صدر اÙخاصة بÙÙاة ÙÙØ±Ø¯Ø ÙÙ
Ù Ø«Ù
Ø°Ùر اﻷÙ
ر ÙÙا. ÙÙÙذا تسÙÙ ÙÙا
-أ٠تر٠ÙÙاة ÙظاÙ
Ù
سÙ
اة باسÙ
Ùا.</p>
-
-<h3>ÙÙÙÙس ÙجÙÙ/ÙÙÙÙس</h3>
-<p>
-ï»» زاÙت ÙÙاة ÙÙرد غÙر صاÙØØ© ÙÙاستخداÙ
اÙعÙ
ÙÙØ Ùï»» ÙعÙÙ
Ø¥Ù ÙاÙت ستص٠ÙØ°Ù
-اÙÙ
رØÙØ© عÙ٠اﻹطÙاÙ. إ٠اÙتصÙ
ÙÙ
اÙÙائÙ
عÙÙ
اÙÙدرات ب٠Ù
شاÙÙ Ùاتجة ع٠Ù
رÙÙØ©
-اÙتصÙ
ÙÙ
ÙÙسÙØ Ùï»» Ùبد٠أ٠ÙÙاÙÙ ØÙÙÙا٠ÙÙØ°Ù
اÙÙ
شاÙÙ Ù٠اÙÙÙت اÙØاÙÙ.</p>
-
-<p>
-ÙØس٠اÙØØ¸Ø ÙÙا٠ÙÙاة ÙظاÙ
أخر٠Ù
تÙÙرة. ÙÙ
اÙعاÙ
1991Ù
ÙاÙ
ÙÙÙÙس تÙرÙاÙدس
-(Linus Torvalds) بتطÙÙر ÙÙاة ÙظاÙ
Ù
تÙاÙÙØ© Ù
ع
ÙÙÙÙØ³Ø ÙأطÙ٠عÙÙÙا اسÙ
ÙÙÙÙس
-(Linux). Ù٠اÙبداÙØ© ÙاÙت اÙÙÙاة اØتÙارÙØ©Ø ÙÙÙÙ
Ù٠اÙعاÙ
1992Ù
ÙاÙ
ÙÙÙÙس
-بترخÙصÙا ÙبرÙ
جÙØ© Øرة. عÙ
ÙÙØ© دÙ
ج ÙÙاة ÙÙÙÙس
Ù
ع ÙظاÙ
جÙ٠غÙر اÙÙ
ÙتÙ
Ù Ùتج عÙÙا
-ÙظاÙ
تشغÙÙ Øر Ù
تÙاÙ
Ù. (عÙ
ÙÙØ© اÙدÙ
ج ÙÙسÙا
ÙاÙت عÙ
ÙÙØ© ÙبÙرة بطبÙعة اÙØاÙ). Ø¥Ù
-اÙÙض٠ÙعÙد ÙÙÙاة ÙÙÙÙس ÙتÙ
ÙÙÙا Ù
٠استخداÙ
Ùسخة Ù
تÙاÙ
ÙØ© Ù
Ù ÙظاÙ
جÙ٠اÙÙÙÙ
.</p>
-<p>
-Ùذ٠اÙÙسخة ÙسÙ
ÙÙا <a
href="/gnu/linux-and-gnu.html">جÙÙ/ÙÙÙÙس
-(GNU/Linux)</a>Ø ÙØ°ÙÙ ÙÙÙ ÙÙØ¶Ø Ø£Ù Ø§ÙÙسخة عبارة ع٠Ù
زÙج ÙتÙÙÙ Ù
Ù ÙظاÙ
جÙÙØ
-باستخداÙ
ÙÙÙÙس ÙÙÙاة اÙÙظاÙ
. أرج٠Ù
Ù
اÙÙارئ أﻻ ÙÙع Ù٠اÙخطأ اÙشائع ÙÙÙÙÙ
-بتسÙ
ÙØ© اÙÙظاÙ
“ÙÙÙÙس”Ø ï»·Ù Ùذا ÙعÙÙ
Ùسب عÙ
ÙÙا Ùشخص آخر. أرج٠Ù
Ù
-اÙجÙ
Ùع Ø£Ù <a href="/gnu/gnu-linux-faq.html">ÙÙسبÙا Ø¥ÙÙÙا
Ùض٠أعÙ
اÙÙا</a>.</p>
-
-<h3>اÙتØدÙات اÙÙادÙ
Ø©</h3>
-<p>
-ÙÙد برÙÙÙا عÙÙ Ù
ÙدرتÙا عÙ٠تطÙÙر Ù
جÙ
Ùعة Ù
ختÙÙØ© Ù
٠اÙبرÙ
جÙات اÙØØ±Ø©Ø ÙÙÙÙ Ùذا
-ï»» ÙعÙ٠أÙÙا ï»» ÙÙÙر أ٠أÙÙا Ùصعب Ø¥ÙÙاÙÙا.
ÙÙاÙ٠اÙعدÙد Ù
٠اÙتØدÙات اÙت٠تجعÙ
-Ù
ستÙب٠اÙبرÙ
جÙات اÙØرة غÙر ÙØ§Ø¶Ø Ø§ÙÙ
عاÙÙ
Ø Ù
ÙاجÙØ© Ùذ٠اÙتØدÙات ستØتاج Ù
Ùا ÙبذÙ
-Ù
جÙÙد Ù
تÙاص٠ÙÙتطÙÙر Ùدرة عÙ٠اÙتØÙ
Ù Ùد تÙ
تد ÙسÙÙات Ù
تÙاصÙØ©. ستØتاج Ù
Ùا
-تصÙ
ÙÙ
ا٠Ù
٠اÙÙÙع اÙØ°Ù ÙظÙر ØÙÙÙ
ا ÙÙدر
اÙÙاس ØرÙتÙÙ
ÙÙصرÙا عÙ٠أﻻ ÙسÙ
ØÙا
-ÙÙائ٠Ù
Ù Ùا٠بأ٠ÙجردÙÙ
Ù
ÙÙا.</p>
-<p>
-اﻷجزاء اﻷربعة اÙÙادÙ
Ø© ستÙاÙØ´ ÙØ°Ù
اÙتØدÙات باÙتÙصÙÙ.</p>
-
-<h3>Ù
ÙاصÙات اÙعتاد اÙسرÙØ©</h3>
-<p>
-Ù
صÙع٠اÙعتاد ÙÙ
ÙÙÙ٠بÙثرة ï»·Ù ÙØاÙظÙا عÙÙ
سرÙØ© Ù
ÙاصÙات عتادÙÙ
Ø Ùذا اﻷÙ
ر ÙجعÙ
-Ù
٠اÙصعب Ùتابة Ù
ØرÙات Øرة تتÙØ ÙÙÙاة ÙÙÙÙس
ÙÙÙظاÙ
عرض Ø¥Ùس (XFree86) أ٠تدعÙ
-اÙعتاد اÙجدÙد. ÙدÙÙا Ø£ÙظÙ
Ø© Øرة بÙاÙ
ÙÙا
اÙÙÙÙ
Ø ÙÙÙÙÙا سÙÙÙدÙا غدا٠إ٠ÙÙ
-ÙتÙ
ÙÙ Ù
٠دعÙ
ØÙاسÙب اÙغد.</p>
-<p>
-ÙÙا٠طرÙÙتا٠ÙÙتعاÙ
Ù Ù
ع Ùذ٠اÙÙ
Ø´ÙÙØ©. ÙÙ
ÙÙ
ÙÙÙ
برÙ
جÙ٠أ٠ÙÙÙÙ
Ùا بعÙ
ÙÙØ© اÙÙÙدسة
-اÙعÙسÙØ© Øت٠ÙتÙ
ÙÙÙا Ù
Ù Ù
عرÙØ© ÙÙÙ ÙÙ
ÙÙÙا دعÙ
اÙعتاد اÙÙ
عÙÙ. بÙÙتÙا ÙÙ
Ù٠أÙ
-ÙختارÙا استخداÙ
اÙعتاد اÙÙ
دعÙÙ
باÙبرÙ
جÙات
اÙØرة. طاÙÙ
ا أ٠أعدادÙا Ù
ستÙ
رة ÙÙ
-اÙتزاÙد Ùإ٠سرÙØ© اÙÙ
ÙاصÙات سÙÙتÙ٠بÙا اﻷÙ
ر Ø£Ù ØªØµØ¨Ø Ø³Ùاسة دØر ذاتÙ.</p>
-<p>
-ÙÙÙ٠اÙÙÙدسة اÙعÙسÙØ© Ù
ÙÙ
Ø© صعبة. Ù٠سÙÙÙÙ
ÙدÙÙا Ù
برÙ
جÙÙ ÙÙÙ
Ùدرة ÙعزÙ
-ÙÙتÙ
ÙÙÙا Ù
٠إÙÙ
ا٠اÙÙ
ÙÙ
Ø©Ø Ø¨Ø§ÙتأÙÙد—ÙÙØ·
إذا تÙ
ÙÙا Ù
٠بÙاء شعÙر ÙÙ٠بأÙ
-ØرÙØ© اÙبرÙ
جÙات ÙÙ Ù
سأÙØ© Ù
Ø¨Ø¯Ø£Ø Ùأ٠اÙÙ
ØرÙات
اﻻØتÙارÙØ© Ù٠أÙ
ر غÙر Ù
ÙبÙ٠عÙÙ
-اﻹطÙاÙ. إذا٠Ù٠سÙÙÙÙ
أغÙبÙا ببذ٠اÙÙ
اÙØ
أ٠اÙÙÙÙÙ Ù
٠اÙزÙ
ÙØ Øت٠ÙتÙ
ÙÙ
-جÙ
Ùعا٠Ù
٠استخداÙ
اÙÙ
ØرÙات اÙØرةØ
باÙتأÙÙØ¯Ø Ø¥Ø°Ø§ Ùا٠اﻹصرار عÙÙ ÙÙ٠اÙØرÙØ©
-شعÙرا٠عاÙ
اÙ.</p>
-<p>
-(Ù
ÙØÙظة Ù٠عاÙ
2008Ù
: Ùذ٠اÙÙ
Ø´ÙÙØ© تÙ
تد ØتÙ
ÙظاÙ
اﻹدخا٠Ùاﻹخراج اﻷساسÙ
-(BIOS). ÙÙا٠Ùسخة Øرة Ù
٠اÙÙظاÙ
اﻷساس٠عÙÙ <a
-href="http://www.libreboot.org/";>Ù
ÙÙع ÙÙبر٠بÙت (LibreBoot)</a>
(إصدارة Ù
Ù
-ÙÙربÙت coreboot). اÙÙ
Ø´ÙÙØ© تÙÙ
Ù ÙÙ ÙÙÙÙØ© اÙØصÙÙ
عÙÙ Ù
ÙاصÙات اﻷجÙزة Øت٠ÙتÙ
ÙÙ
-أعضاء ÙرÙÙ ÙÙبر٠بÙت Ù
٠دعÙ
Ùا بدÙ٠استخداÙ
اÙبراÙ
ج اÙØ«ÙائÙØ©
-“(blobs)” غÙر اÙØرة).</p>
-
-<h3>اÙÙ
Ùتبات اÙبرÙ
جÙØ© غÙر اÙØرة</h3>
-<p>
-اÙÙ
Ùتبات اÙبرÙ
جÙØ© غÙر اÙØرة ÙاÙت٠تÙستخدÙ
عÙ٠أÙظÙ
Ø© اÙتشغÙ٠اÙØرة تعÙ
Ù ÙشرÙ
-ﻻصطÙاد Ù
Ø·Ùر٠اÙبرÙ
جÙات اÙØرة. ÙÙ ÙØ°Ù
اÙØاÙØ©Ø ØªØ¹Ù
٠خصائص اÙÙ
Ùتبة اÙجذابة
-ÙطعÙ
Ø Ø¨ØÙØ« Ø£Ù٠إذا ÙÙ
ت باستعÙ
ا٠اÙÙ
ÙتبةØ
عÙدÙا تÙÙÙ ÙÙعت Ù٠اÙشرÙØ ï»·Ù
-برÙاÙ
ج٠عÙدÙا ÙÙ ÙØµØ¨Ø Ø¬Ø²Ø¡Ø§Ù Ù
٠أÙظÙ
Ø©
اÙتشغÙ٠اÙØرة. (بصÙرة أدÙØ ÙÙ
ÙÙÙا Ø£Ù
-Ùدرج برÙاÙ
ج٠Ù٠اÙÙظاÙ
Ø ÙÙÙ٠اÙبرÙاÙ
ج ÙÙ
ÙتÙ
ÙÙ <em>Ù
٠اÙعÙ
Ù</em> Ù٠غÙاب
-اÙÙ
Ùتبة اÙÙ
عÙÙØ©). اﻷسÙØ£ Ù
Ù Ùذا ØÙÙÙ
ا ÙصبØ
اÙبرÙاÙ
ج اÙØ°Ù ÙستخدÙ
اÙÙ
Ùتبة
-اﻻØتÙارÙØ© Ù
Ø´ÙÙراÙØ ØÙÙÙا سÙÙÙÙ
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ع Ù
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Ø© تشغÙÙ Øرة ÙÙ Ø°ÙÙ
اÙÙÙØªØ Ø¥ï»» Ø£ÙÙ Ùا٠Ù
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Ø´ÙÙØ© اÙت٠ستسببÙا Ù
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ا بعد. Ùا٠رد Ù
شرÙع جÙ٠عÙÙ
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ستÙÙÙÙ: باÙØ·Ùب Ù
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شارÙع اÙبرÙ
جÙات اÙØرة
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-(LessTif)Ø Ø§ÙÙ
Ø·Ùر Ù
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برÙ
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اÙتÙاÙÙÙ (Hungry Programmers) صار
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٠اÙÙÙØ© بØÙØ« Ø£ØµØ¨Ø ÙدعÙ
أغÙبÙØ© تطبÙÙات Ù
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Ù 1996Ù
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ظÙرت Ù
جÙ
Ùعة أدÙات غÙر Øرة
أخرÙØ ØªÙعÙÙ٠ببرÙ
جة اÙÙاجÙات
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ÙØ© (<abbr title="Graphical User Interface">GUI</abbr>). ÙØ°Ù
اÙÙ
جÙ
Ùعة
-سÙ
Ùت ÙÙÙت (Qt) ÙأصبØت تستخدÙ
ÙÙ Ù
جÙ
Ùعة Ù
Ùدرة
Ù
٠اÙبرÙ
جÙات اÙØØ±Ø©Ø Ø¨Ù
ا ÙÙÙا
-بÙئة Ø³Ø·Ø Ø§ÙÙ
Ùتب "ÙÙÙ" (<abbr title="K Desktop
Environment">KDE</abbr>).</p>
-<p>
-ÙÙ
ÙÙ٠باﻹÙ
Ùا٠استخداÙ
بÙئة ÙÙÙ (KDE) عÙÙ
Ø£ÙظÙ
Ø© جÙÙ/ÙÙÙÙس اÙØØ±Ø©Ø ÙØ°ÙÙ ï»·ÙÙا
-ÙÙ
ÙÙÙ ÙستطÙع استخداÙ
Ù
Ùتبة ÙÙÙت. إﻻ أ٠بعض
إصدارات جÙÙ/ÙÙÙÙØ³Ø ÙاÙت٠ÙÙ
تÙÙ
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اÙع استخداÙ
اÙبرÙ
جÙات غÙر اÙØØ±Ø©Ø ÙاÙ
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بإضاÙØ© بÙئة ÙÙ٠إÙ٠تÙÙ
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أعÙÙØ ÙÙÙÙÙا ذات ØرÙØ© Ø£ÙÙ. Ù
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برÙ
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أدÙÙ ÙÙرة بØجÙ
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Ø´ÙÙØ©. Ùا٠اÙÙضع Ùبد٠سÙئاÙ
ÙÙغاÙØ©.</p>
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-استجاب Ù
جتÙ
ع اÙبرÙ
جÙات اÙØرة ÙÙذ٠اÙÙ
Ø´ÙÙØ©
بطرÙÙتÙÙ: بÙئة Ø³Ø·Ø Ù
Ùتب جÙÙÙ
-(GNOME)Ø ÙÙ
شرÙع ÙارÙ
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شرÙع جÙÙÙ
(ÙÙ٠اختصار Ùعبارة بÙئة ÙÙ
Ùذج
اÙÙائ٠اÙشبÙÙØ Ø£Ù GNU Network
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شرÙع بÙئة Ø³Ø·Ø Ø§ÙÙ
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شابÙØ© ÙØ³Ø·Ø Ø§ÙÙ
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ث٠أ٠جÙÙÙ
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اﻷساس٠Ù
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شرÙع Ùا٠اÙØرÙØ©: أﻻ
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أ٠برÙ
جÙات غÙر Øرة.</p>
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شرÙع ÙارÙ
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Ùتبة تÙاÙÙÙØ©
بدÙÙØ©Ø ØªÙ
تصÙ
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ج بÙئة ÙÙ٠بدÙ٠اÙØÙجة ﻻستخداÙ
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تغÙÙر Ù٠رخصتÙÙ
Ø ÙاÙØ°Ù Ùا٠Ù
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ا
ÙاÙت غÙر Øرة. (ï»» زاÙت اÙرخصة
-اÙجدÙدة غÙر Ù
رÙØØ© ÙغÙر Ù
ÙصÙØ©Ø ÙعÙÙÙ ï»» زا٠Ù
٠اﻷÙض٠تÙاد٠استخداÙ
ÙÙÙت).</p>
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-[Ù
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بر 2000Ù
Ø ØªØÙ٠ترخÙص
ÙÙÙت Ø¥Ù٠رخصة جÙ٠اÙعاÙ
Ø©Ø Ù
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ا Ùتج
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Ø´ÙÙØ© جذرÙاÙ].</p>
-<p>
-اÙسؤا٠اﻵÙ: ÙÙ٠سÙستجÙب ÙÙÙ
Ùتبة اÙبرÙ
جÙØ©
غÙر اÙØرة اÙت٠ستأت٠تاÙÙاÙØ ÙÙ
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اÙÙ
جتÙ
ع بÙÙÙت٠أÙÙ
ÙØ© اÙبÙاء بعÙداÙ
ع٠Ùذا اÙشرÙØ Ø£Ù
أ٠بعضÙا سÙÙرر
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-
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جÙات</h3>
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Ù Ùب٠براءات
اختراع اÙبرÙ
جÙØ§ØªØ ÙاÙت٠Ù
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تÙاÙÙ
اÙبرÙ
جÙات اÙØرة ÙÙ
دة Ùد تص٠إÙÙ
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اÙ. عÙ٠سبÙ٠اÙÙ
ثاÙØ ÙØ¥Ù Ø®ÙارزÙ
ÙØ©
اÙضغط اÙÙ
عرÙÙØ© باسÙ
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بÙÙ-زÙÙ-ÙÙÙØ´ (LZW) تÙ
تسجÙÙÙا Ùبراءة اختراع
Ù٠اÙعاÙ
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Ø Ùï»» زÙÙا اÙÙÙÙ
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ج Øرة ÙÙ
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ضغÙطة بÙذ٠اÙØ®ÙارزÙ
ÙØ©.
[اÙتÙت صÙاØÙØ© براءة
-اﻻختراع Ùذا Ù٠اÙعاÙ
2009Ù
]. Ù
ثا٠آخر Øدث ÙÙ
اÙعاÙ
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Ø ØÙØ« اضطررÙا ﻹÙÙاÙ
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ج ﻹÙشاء Ù
ÙÙات Ø¥Ù
ب٠3 اÙصÙتÙØ©
(<abbr title="MPEG-1 Audio Layer
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براءة اﻻختراع. [براءة
-اﻻختراع Ùذ٠اÙتÙت صÙاØÙتÙا Ù٠اÙعاÙ
2017Ù
. ÙÙ
ÙÙ٠أ٠تر٠طÙ٠اÙÙترة اÙتÙ
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اÙÙثائÙ].
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-ÙÙا٠طرÙÙتا٠ÙÙتعاÙ
Ù Ù
ع براءات اﻻختراع: ÙÙ
ÙÙÙا اÙبØØ« ع٠Ù
ا Ùثبت أ٠براءة
-اﻻختراع باطÙØ©Ø Ø£Ù ÙÙ
ÙÙÙا Ø£Ù ÙبØØ« ع٠طرÙ
بدÙÙØ© ﻹÙجاز ÙÙس اÙÙ
ÙÙ
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Ø´ÙÙØ© Ø£Ù
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Ùا٠ÙÙ ØاÙات Ù
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ا تÙش٠اÙطرÙÙتاÙØ Ø¹ÙدÙا ÙÙ
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جÙات اÙØرة
عÙ٠أ٠تÙÙد بعض اÙÙ
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ستخدÙ
ÙÙ. باÙØ·Ø¨Ø¹Ø ØÙÙÙ
ا ÙÙتظر
ÙÙترة Ø·ÙÙÙØ© Ùإ٠براءات اﻻختراع تÙتÙÙ
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٠اÙÙ
تÙÙع أ٠تÙتÙ٠صÙاØÙØ©
براءات اختراع Ø¥Ù
ب٠3 ÙÙ 2018Ù
)Ø ÙÙÙÙ
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ا اÙذ٠سÙÙعÙÙ Øت٠Ùأت٠تارÙØ® اÙتÙاء
اÙصÙاØÙØ©Ø</p>
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جÙات اÙØرة Ù
٠أجÙ
اÙØرÙØ© بÙÙÙا سÙÙ ÙÙتزÙ
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سجÙØ© تØت براءات
اﻻختراع. ÙÙÙ٠اÙØ°ÙÙ ÙÙدرÙ٠اÙبرÙ
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ا تعجز ع٠أداء ÙظÙÙØ©Ù Ù
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بسبب براءات اﻻختراع. ÙعÙÙÙØ ÙرغÙ
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ÙÙØ© ÙÙÙ
Ùذج
“اÙبازار” Ù٠اÙتطÙÙرØ
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ا٠ÙÙتØدث ع٠اÙØرÙØ© ÙاÙÙ
بادئ.</p>
-
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-إ٠أÙبر ÙÙص ÙÙ ÙظاÙ
تشغÙ٠جÙ٠اÙØر ÙÙس عجز
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ج—Ø¥ÙÙ
ا ÙÙ ÙÙØ©
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ÙÙÙا Ø£Ù
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٠أÙظÙ
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٠أ٠ØزÙ
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ا تعجز ØزÙ
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ÙبÙرة. ÙÙأس٠ÙØÙ ÙدÙÙا اÙعدÙد Ù
Ù ÙØ°Ù
-اÙثغرات ØاÙÙاÙ.</p>
-<p>
-اÙÙثائ٠اÙØØ±Ø©Ø Ù
Ø«ÙÙا Ù
ث٠اÙبرÙ
جÙات اÙØرةØ
تÙعÙ٠باÙØرÙØ© ÙÙÙس باÙÙ
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ستخدÙ
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جÙات اÙØرة: ï»» بد Ù
٠إعطاء
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Ùع اÙÙ
ستخدÙ
ÙÙ ØرÙات Ù
عÙÙØ©. ï»» بد Ù
٠اÙسÙ
Ø§Ø Ø¨Ø¥Ø¹Ø§Ø¯Ø© اÙتÙزÙع (بÙ
ا ÙØ´Ù
٠اÙبÙع
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طبÙعةØ
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٠أ٠اÙÙتÙب سÙتراÙÙ Ù
ع جÙ
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ج Ù٠جÙ
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Ø§Ø Ø¨Ø¥Ø¬Ø±Ø§Ø¡ اÙتعدÙÙات Ù
ÙÙ
Ø£ÙضاÙ. ÙÙاعدة
عاÙ
Ø©Ø Ø£Ùا ï»» أؤÙ
٠أÙÙ Ù
٠اÙضرÙرÙ
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Ùع إذÙا٠بتعدÙÙ Ù٠أÙÙاع اÙÙتب
ÙاÙÙ
ÙاÙات. عÙ٠سبÙ٠اÙÙ
ثاÙØ Ø£Ùا ï»»
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ضطرا٠ﻹعطاء اﻹذÙ
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اÙتعدÙÙ Ø´Ùئا٠أساسÙا٠ÙÙÙ
ا ÙتعÙÙ
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ا ÙÙ
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ج. اÙÙتÙبات غÙر
اÙØØ±Ø©Ø ÙاÙت٠ﻻ تسÙ
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Ø´ÙÙØ© ÙÙ Ùضع بعض
اÙÙÙÙد عÙ٠اÙطرÙÙØ© اÙت٠ÙتÙ
بÙا إجراء
-اÙتعدÙÙات عÙ٠اÙÙثائ٠اÙØرة. عÙ٠سبÙ٠اÙÙ
ثاÙØ Ø§Ø´ØªØ±Ø§Ø· اﻹبÙاء عÙÙ ØÙÙ٠اÙÙ
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عدÙØ© بأ٠تعÙÙ
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بأÙÙا Ùسخ Ù
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تعدÙ٠أ٠Øذ٠أجزاء
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ا Ø£Ù Ùذ٠اﻷجزاء ï»» تتضÙ
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-عÙ٠اÙرغÙ
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٠اÙتأÙد Ø£Ù٠باﻹÙ
Ùا٠تعدÙ٠اÙÙ
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تÙزÙع اÙÙتÙب اÙجدÙد عبر
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٠دÙÙ Ùذ٠اﻹÙ
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رة اÙثاÙÙØ©Ø Ùبد٠أ٠Ù
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د عÙÙ ÙÙسÙتÙا.</p>
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-اﻷرÙاÙ
اÙتÙدÙرÙØ© تخبرÙا Ø£Ù ÙÙا٠عشرة Ù
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ستخدÙ
ﻷجÙزة جÙÙ/ÙÙÙÙس اÙÙÙÙ
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ا ÙØ´Ù
٠دÙبÙا٠(Debian) جÙÙ/ÙÙÙÙس ٠رÙدÙات (Red
Hat)
-“ÙÙÙÙس”. اÙبرÙ
جÙات اÙØرة Ùد ÙصÙت Ù
رØÙØ© Ù
٠اÙتÙ
Ùز اÙعÙ
Ù٠بØÙØ« صار
-اÙÙ
ستخدÙ
ÙÙ ÙÙرعÙ٠إÙÙÙا ﻷسباب عÙ
ÙÙØ©
بØتة.</p>
-<p>
-اÙÙتائج اﻹÙجابÙØ© ÙÙذا اﻷÙ
ر ÙاضØØ©Ø Ù
Ø«Ù
اﻻÙتÙ
اÙ
اÙÙ
تزاÙد بتطÙÙر اÙبرÙ
جÙات
-اÙØØ±Ø©Ø ÙازدÙاد أعداد زبائ٠شرÙات اÙبرÙ
جÙات اÙØØ±Ø©Ø ÙزÙادة اÙÙدرة عÙ٠إÙÙاع
-اÙشرÙات بتطÙÙر برÙ
جÙاتÙÙ
اÙØرة بشÙÙ
تجارÙØ Ø¹Ùضا٠ع٠تطÙÙر برÙ
جÙاتÙÙ
بصÙرة
-اØتÙارÙØ©.</p>
-<p>
-ÙÙÙ٠اﻻÙتÙ
اÙ
باÙبرÙ
جÙات ÙتÙاÙ
٠بصÙرة أسرع
Ù
٠اÙÙع٠باÙÙÙسÙØ© اÙت٠تÙÙ
Ù ÙراءÙØ
-ÙÙذا Ùد ÙÙÙدÙا ÙÙ
شاÙ٠جÙ
Ø©. ÙدرتÙا عÙÙ Ù
ÙاجÙØ© اÙتØدÙات ÙاÙÙ
خاطر اÙÙ
Ø°ÙÙرة
-أعÙا٠تعتÙ
د عÙ٠إرادتÙا ÙÙÙÙÙÙ Ùدا٠ÙاØدة Ù
٠أج٠اÙØرÙØ©. ÙÙÙ ÙتأÙد Ù
٠أÙ
-Ù
جتÙ
عÙا ÙÙ
تÙÙ ÙØ°Ù Ø§ï»¹Ø±Ø§Ø¯Ø©Ø Ùجب عÙÙÙا Ø£Ù
ÙÙشر اÙÙÙرة ÙÙ Ùسط اÙÙ
ستخدÙ
Ù٠اÙجدد
-Øا٠اÙضÙ
اÙ
ÙÙ
ÙÙÙ
جتÙ
ع اÙØر.</p>
-<p>
-ÙÙÙÙÙا ÙÙأس٠ÙÙØ´Ù ÙÙ Ùع٠Ùذا اﻷÙ
ر: اÙÙ
جÙÙدات اÙÙ
بذÙÙØ© Ùجذب اÙÙ
ستخدÙ
Ù٠اÙجدد
-ÙضÙ
ÙÙ
ÙÙ
جتÙ
عÙا تÙÙÙ ÙتتجاÙز اÙÙ
جÙÙدات اÙÙ
بذÙÙØ© ÙتعÙÙÙ
ÙÙ
اÙÙ
بادئ اﻷÙÙÙØ©
-ÙÙ
جتÙ
عÙا. ÙتÙجب عÙÙÙا Ø£Ù ÙÙÙÙ
باÙÙ
جÙÙدÙÙ Ù
عاÙØ ÙÙ
ا ÙتÙجب عÙÙÙا Ø£Ù ÙØاÙظ عÙÙ
-اÙتÙاز٠بÙÙÙÙ
ا.</p>
-
-<h3>“اÙÙ
صادر اÙÙ
ÙتÙØØ©”</h3>
-<p>
-Ù
ØاÙÙØ© تعÙÙÙ
اÙÙ
ستخدÙ
Ù٠اÙجدد Ù
بادئ
اÙØرÙØ© أصبØت Ø£Ùثر صعÙبة Ù٠اÙعاÙ
1998Ù
Ø
-ØÙÙÙ
ا Ùرر جزء Ù
Ù Ù
جتÙ
ع اÙبرÙ
جÙات اÙØرة Ø£Ù
ÙتÙÙÙÙا ع٠استخداÙ
تعبÙر
-“اÙبرÙ
جÙات اÙØرة”Ø ÙاستخدÙ
Ùا تعبÙر
“اÙبرÙ
جÙات Ù
ÙتÙØØ©
-اÙÙ
صدر” عÙضا٠عÙÙ.</p>
-<p>
-بعض اÙØ°ÙÙ ÙضÙÙا استخداÙ
اÙتعبÙر اÙجدÙد
ØاÙÙÙا Ø£Ù ÙتÙادÙا أ٠ارتبا٠Ùد ÙÙجÙ
-Ù
٠استخداÙ
ÙÙظة “Øرة” عبر استبداÙÙا
بÙÙظة
-“Ù
جاÙÙØ©”—ÙÙÙ Ùد٠Ù
شرÙع. ÙÙÙ٠اÙبعض
اﻵخر ØاÙÙÙا Ø£Ù ÙضعÙا
-رÙØ Ø§ÙÙ
بادئ اÙت٠أÙÙÙ
ت Ø¥Ùشاء ØرÙØ© اÙبرÙ
جÙات اÙØرة ÙÙ
شرÙع جÙ٠إÙ٠اÙجاÙبØ
-ÙÙضÙÙا Ø£Ù ÙتÙربÙا Ø¥Ù٠اÙÙ
دراء اÙتÙÙÙØ°ÙÙÙ
ÙاÙزبائ٠ÙاÙØ°ÙÙ ÙÙ
تÙ٠اÙعدÙد Ù
ÙÙÙ
-Ø£ÙدÙÙÙÙجÙات ÙÙرÙØ© تجعÙÙÙ
ÙÙدÙ
Ù٠اÙÙ
Ùسب
عÙ٠اÙØرÙØ© ÙاÙÙ
جتÙ
ع ÙاÙÙ
بادئ. ÙتÙجة
-ÙØ°ÙÙØ Ùإ٠رÙØ “اÙÙ
صادر اÙÙ
ÙتÙØØ©” تÙÙ
Ù Ù٠ترÙÙزÙا عÙ٠إÙتاج براÙ
ج
-ذات جÙدة عاÙÙØ© ÙÙعاÙØ©Ø ÙÙÙÙÙا Ùا تÙÙÙ
باÙا٠ÙÙØرÙØ© ÙاÙÙ
جتÙ
ع ÙاÙÙ
بادئ.</p>
-<p>
-Ø¥Ù Ù
جÙات “ÙÙÙÙس” تشÙÙ Ù
ثاÙا٠ÙاضØاÙ
عÙÙ Ùذا—جÙ
ÙعÙا تÙ
تÙئ
-بإعÙاÙات اÙبراÙ
ج اﻻØتÙارÙØ© اÙت٠تعÙ
٠عÙÙ
Ø£ÙظÙ
Ø© جÙÙ/ÙÙÙÙس. ØÙÙÙ
ا تظÙر اÙÙسخة
-اÙÙادÙ
Ø© Ù
Ù Ù
ÙتÙ٠أ٠ÙÙÙت أ٠أ٠برÙاÙ
ج آخر Ù
شابÙØ Ù٠ستÙÙÙ
Ùذ٠اÙÙ
جÙات بتØØ°Ùر
-اÙÙ
برÙ
جÙÙ Ù
٠استخداÙ
Ùذ٠اÙبراÙ
Ø¬Ø Ø£Ù
Ø£ÙÙا
ستعرض إعÙاÙات ÙÙاØ</p>
-<p>
-إ٠اÙدعÙ
اÙÙاتج ع٠اÙتجارة Ù
٠شأÙ٠أ٠Ùساعد
Ù
جتÙ
ع اÙبرÙ
جÙات اÙØرة بعدة طرÙØ
-ÙÙذا اﻷÙ
ر ÙÙ
ÙÙ٠أ٠ÙÙÙÙ Ù
ÙÙدا٠عÙ٠عدة Ù
ستÙÙات. ÙÙÙ٠اÙتساب اÙدعÙ
عبر تÙÙÙÙ
-اÙØدÙØ« ع٠اÙØرÙØ© ÙاÙÙ
بادئ ÙÙ
ÙÙ٠أ٠ÙجعÙ
اﻷÙ
ر ÙارثÙاÙØ ï»·ÙÙ ÙزÙد اÙÙجÙØ© بÙÙ
-اÙÙ
Ù
ارسة ÙاÙتÙعÙØ© باÙØÙÙ٠اÙت٠تØدثÙا
عÙÙا سابÙاÙ.</p>
-<p>
-Ø¥Ù “اÙبرÙ
جÙات اÙØرة” ٓاÙÙ
صادر
اÙØرة” تتØدثاÙØ Ø¨ØµÙرة
-عاÙ
Ø©Ø Ø¹Ù ÙÙس اÙÙئة Ù
٠اÙبرÙ
جÙØ§ØªØ Ø¥ï»» Ø£Ù
Ø£ÙÙاÙÙÙ
ا تختÙ٠ع٠اÙبرÙ
جÙات
-ÙاÙÙ
بادئ. Ø¥Ù Ù
شرÙع جÙÙ ÙستÙ
ر Ù٠استخداÙ
تعبÙر “اÙبرÙ
جÙات اÙØرة”
-ÙتأÙÙد أ٠اÙØرÙØ©Ø ÙÙÙس اÙتÙÙÙÙÙجÙا ÙØسبØ
Ø£Ù
ر Ù
ÙÙ
ÙأساسÙ.</p>
-
-<h3>ØاÙÙ!</h3>
-<p>
-ØÙÙ
Ø© ÙÙدا (“ÙÙس ÙÙاÙÙ Ù
ا ÙسÙ
Ù ‘باÙÙ
ØاÙÙØ©’”) تبدÙ
-جÙØ¯Ø©Ø ÙÙÙÙÙا ï»» تصÙØ ÙÙ ØاÙتÙ. ÙÙد ÙÙ
ت
بتÙÙÙØ° Ù
عظÙ
أعÙ
اÙÙ ÙØ£Ùا ÙÙÙ Ù
Ù ÙدرتÙ
-عÙ٠أداء اÙÙ
ÙÙ
Ø©Ø ÙÙ
ا Ø£ÙÙÙ ÙÙ
Ø£ÙÙ Ù
تأÙدا٠Ù
Ù
Ø£Ù Ù
جÙÙدات٠ستÙØ¬Ø Ù٠اÙÙصÙÙ
-ï»·ÙداÙÙا. ÙÙÙÙÙ٠استÙ
ررت Ù٠اÙÙ
ØاÙÙØ©Ø ï»·ÙÙ
ÙÙ
ÙÙÙ ÙÙا٠شخص آخر ÙØÙ٠بÙ٠اÙعدÙ
-ÙاÙÙ
دÙÙØ©. رغÙ
Ø£ÙÙÙ ÙÙ
Ø£ÙÙ Ù
تأÙدا٠Ù
Ù
اÙÙجاØØ Ø¥ï»» Ø£ÙÙÙ ÙجØت Ù٠اÙÙØ«Ùر Ù
Ù
-Ù
ساعÙÙ.</p>
-<p>
-Ù٠أØÙا٠أخرÙØ ÙØ´Ùت Ù
جÙÙداتÙØ ÙسÙطت بعض اÙÙ
د٠اÙت٠ÙÙت Ø£ÙÙÙ
بØÙ
اÙتÙا. ÙÙÙÙÙÙ
-ÙÙت أجد Ù
دÙÙØ© أخر٠Ù
Ùددة Ù
٠اÙعدÙØ ÙÙÙت
أجÙز ÙÙس٠ÙÙ
عرÙØ© أخر٠ÙÙدÙاع
-عÙÙا. Ù
ع Ù
رÙر اÙÙÙØªØ ØªØ¹ÙÙ
ت ÙÙ٠أبØØ« عÙ
اÙتÙدÙدات ÙاÙÙ
Ø®Ø§Ø·Ø±Ø ÙÙÙ٠أضع ÙÙس٠Ù
ا
-بÙ٠اÙعد٠ÙاÙÙ
دÙÙØ©Ø ÙÙ ÙÙس اÙÙÙت اÙØ°Ù
Ø£Ùاد٠ÙÙ٠اÙÙراصÙØ© اÙÙ
برÙ
جÙ٠اﻵخرÙÙ
-ÙÙأتÙا ÙÙشارÙÙÙ٠اÙÙ
ÙÙ
Ø©.</p>
-<p>
-اÙÙÙÙ
Ø ÙÙ
أعد اÙÙ
داÙع اÙÙØÙد ع٠اÙÙضÙØ©. Ù
Ù
اÙÙ
رÙØ ÙاÙÙ
ÙØ±Ø Ø£Ù Ø£Ø±Ù Øشدا٠Ù
Ù
-اÙÙراصÙØ© اÙÙ
برÙ
جÙÙ ÙÙÙÙ
Ù٠بØÙر اÙØ®ÙادÙ
ÙتعزÙز دÙاعاتÙÙ
Ø Ù
Ù
ا ÙجعÙÙ٠أدر٠أÙ
-Ùذ٠اÙÙ
دÙÙØ© سÙ٠تظ٠صاÙ
دة—اﻵ٠عÙ٠اﻷÙÙ.
ÙÙÙ٠اÙÙ
خاطر تتزاÙد عاÙ
ا٠بعد
-عاÙ
Ø Ùاﻵ٠تÙÙÙ
شرÙØ© Ù
اÙÙرÙسÙÙت (Microsoft)
باستÙدا٠Ù
جتÙ
عÙا بصÙرة Ù
باشرة. ﻻ
-ÙÙ
ÙÙÙا Ø£Ù Ùأخذ Ù
ستÙب٠اÙØرÙØ© عÙ٠أÙ٠شئ Ù
ضÙ
ÙÙ. ï»» تتعاÙ
Ù Ù
ع٠عÙ٠أÙ٠شئ
-Ù
ضÙ
ÙÙ! إذا ÙÙت ترغب باÙÙ
ØاÙظة عÙÙ ØرÙتÙØ
ÙÙبغ٠عÙÙ٠أ٠تجÙز ÙÙس٠ÙÙدÙاع
-عÙÙا.</p>
-
-<div class="translators-notes">
-
-<!--TRANSLATORS: Use space (SPC) as msgstr if you don't have notes.-->
- </div>
-</div>
-
-<!-- for id="content", starts in the include above -->
-<!--#include virtual="/server/footer.ar.html" -->
-<div id="footer">
-<div class="unprintable">
-
-<p>Ùرج٠إرسا٠اÙاستÙسارات اÙÙ
تعÙÙØ© باÙÙ FSF
ÙGNU Ø¥ÙÙ <a
-href="mailto:gnu@gnu.org";><gnu@gnu.org></a>. ÙÙا٠أÙضا٠طرÙ
أخرÙ
-ÙÙاتصا٠<a href="/contact/"><span xml:lang="en" lang="en"> </span> بÙ
ؤسسة
-اÙبرÙ
جÙات اÙØرة</a>. Ùرج٠إرسا٠اÙÙصÙات اÙÙ
ÙÙطعة Ùأ٠تصØÙØات أ٠اÙتراØات Ø¥ÙÙ
-<a href="mailto:webmasters@gnu.org";><webmasters@gnu.org></a>.</p>
-
-<p>
-<!-- TRANSLATORS: Ignore the original text in this paragraph,
- replace it with the translation of these two:
-
- We work hard and do our best to provide accurate, good quality
- translations. However, we are not exempt from imperfection.
- Please send your comments and general suggestions in this regard
- to <a href="mailto:web-translators@gnu.org";>
-
- <web-translators@gnu.org></a>.</p>
-
- <p>For information on coordinating and submitting translations of
- our web pages, see <a
- href="/server/standards/README.translations.html">Translations
- README</a>. -->
-رغÙ
بذÙÙا Ùصار٠جÙدÙا ÙتÙÙÙر ترجÙ
ات دÙÙÙØ©
ذات جÙدة عاÙÙØ©Ø ÙØ¥ÙÙا Ùا Ùدع٠ÙÙ
اÙ
-اÙÙصÙص ÙØ®ÙÙÙا Ù
٠اÙأخطاء. Ùرج٠إرساÙ
اÙتعÙÙÙات ÙاÙÙ
ÙترØات اÙÙ
تعÙÙØ© بÙذا
-اÙشأ٠إÙ٠عÙÙا٠اÙبرÙد اÙØ¥ÙÙترÙÙÙ <a
href="mailto:web-translators@gnu.org";>
-<web-translators@gnu.org></a>.</p> <p>ÙÙØصÙ٠عÙ٠أ٠Ù
عÙÙÙ
ات بشأ٠تÙسÙÙ
-ÙتÙدÙÙ
ترجÙ
ات Ù
ÙÙعÙا اÙØ¥ÙÙترÙÙÙØ ÙرجÙ
اÙاطÙاع عÙ٠اÙرابط اÙتاÙÙ <a
-href="/server/standards/README.translations.html">دÙÙ٠اÙترجÙ
Ø©</a>.</p>
-</div>
-
-<!-- Regarding copyright, in general, standalone pages (as opposed to
- files generated as part of manuals) on the GNU web server should
- be under CC BY-ND 4.0. Please do NOT change or remove this
- without talking with the webmasters or licensing team first.
- Please make sure the copyright date is consistent with the
- document. For web pages, it is ok to list just the latest year the
- document was modified, or published.
-
- If you wish to list earlier years, that is ok too.
- Either "2001, 2002, 2003" or "2001-2003" are ok for specifying
- years, as long as each year in the range is in fact a copyrightable
- year, i.e., a year in which the document was published (including
- being publicly visible on the web or in a revision control system).
-
- There is more detail about copyright years in the GNU Maintainers
- Information document, www.gnu.org/prep/maintain. -->
-<p>ØÙÙ٠اÙÙشر:</p><p style="direction: ltr">
-Copyright © 1998, 2001, 2002, 2005, 2006, 2007, 2008, 2010, 2014, 2015,
-2017, 2018, 2020 Richard Stallman (رÙتشارد ستاÙÙ
اÙ)</p>
-
-<p>Ùذا اÙÙ
ÙصÙÙÙÙ Ù
رخص بÙ
Ùجب <a rel="license"
-href="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nd/4.0/deed.ar";>رخصة اÙÙ
شاع
-اÙإبداع٠Ùسب اÙÙ
صÙÙ - Ù
Ùع اÙاشتÙا٠4.0
دÙÙÙ</a>.</p>
-
-<!--#include virtual="/server/bottom-notes.ar.html" -->
-<div class="translators-credits">
-
-<!--TRANSLATORS: Use space (SPC) as msgstr if you don't want credits.-->
-<strong>ترجÙ
Ø©</strong>: Ù
ØÙ
د عصاÙ
<a
-href="mailto:mohammed_isam1984@yahoo.com";><mohammed_isam1984@yahoo.com></a>,
-2018. Ù
راجعة: ÙبÙÙ Ù
ØÙ
د.</div>
-
-<p class="unprintable"><!-- timestamp start -->
-ØÙدÙثت:
-
-$Date: 2021/12/25 21:34:15 $
-
-<!-- timestamp end -->
-</p>
-</div>
-</div>
-<!-- for class="inner", starts in the banner include -->
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