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www/philosophy free-software-even-more-importan... |
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Thu, 18 Nov 2021 10:01:04 -0500 (EST) |
CVSROOT: /web/www
Module name: www
Changes by: GNUN <gnun> 21/11/18 10:01:04
Modified files:
philosophy : free-software-even-more-important.pt-br.html
philosophy/po :
free-software-even-more-important.pt-br-diff.html
Log message:
Automatic update by GNUnited Nations.
CVSWeb URLs:
http://web.cvs.savannah.gnu.org/viewcvs/www/philosophy/free-software-even-more-important.pt-br.html?cvsroot=www&r1=1.28&r2=1.29
http://web.cvs.savannah.gnu.org/viewcvs/www/philosophy/po/free-software-even-more-important.pt-br-diff.html?cvsroot=www&r1=1.2&r2=1.3
Patches:
Index: free-software-even-more-important.pt-br.html
===================================================================
RCS file: /web/www/www/philosophy/free-software-even-more-important.pt-br.html,v
retrieving revision 1.28
retrieving revision 1.29
diff -u -b -r1.28 -r1.29
--- free-software-even-more-important.pt-br.html 10 Sep 2021 12:36:55
-0000 1.28
+++ free-software-even-more-important.pt-br.html 18 Nov 2021 15:01:04
-0000 1.29
@@ -1,4 +1,9 @@
-<!--#set var="ENGLISH_PAGE"
value="/philosophy/free-software-even-more-important.en.html" -->
+<!--#set var="PO_FILE"
+ value='<a href="/philosophy/po/free-software-even-more-important.pt-br.po">
+
https://www.gnu.org/philosophy/po/free-software-even-more-important.pt-br.po</a>'
+ --><!--#set var="ORIGINAL_FILE"
value="/philosophy/free-software-even-more-important.html"
+ --><!--#set var="DIFF_FILE"
value="/philosophy/po/free-software-even-more-important.pt-br-diff.html"
+ --><!--#set var="OUTDATED_SINCE" value="2021-09-19" --><!--#set
var="ENGLISH_PAGE"
value="/philosophy/free-software-even-more-important.en.html" -->
<!--#include virtual="/server/header.pt-br.html" -->
<!-- Parent-Version: 1.96 -->
@@ -14,6 +19,7 @@
<!--#include virtual="/server/banner.pt-br.html" -->
<!--#include virtual="/philosophy/ph-breadcrumb.pt-br.html" -->
<!--GNUN: OUT-OF-DATE NOTICE-->
+<!--#include virtual="/server/outdated.pt-br.html" -->
<!--#include virtual="/server/top-addendum.pt-br.html" -->
<div class="article reduced-width">
<h2>Software Livre é Ainda Mais Importante Agora</h2>
@@ -420,7 +426,7 @@
<p class="unprintable"><!-- timestamp start -->
Ãltima atualização:
-$Date: 2021/09/10 12:36:55 $
+$Date: 2021/11/18 15:01:04 $
<!-- timestamp end -->
</p>
Index: po/free-software-even-more-important.pt-br-diff.html
===================================================================
RCS file:
/web/www/www/philosophy/po/free-software-even-more-important.pt-br-diff.html,v
retrieving revision 1.2
retrieving revision 1.3
diff -u -b -r1.2 -r1.3
--- po/free-software-even-more-important.pt-br-diff.html 6 Jan 2018
14:01:11 -0000 1.2
+++ po/free-software-even-more-important.pt-br-diff.html 18 Nov 2021
15:01:04 -0000 1.3
@@ -11,25 +11,23 @@
</style></head>
<body><pre>
<!--#include virtual="/server/header.html" -->
-<!-- Parent-Version: 1.84 -->
+<!-- Parent-Version: 1.96 -->
+<!-- This page is derived from /server/standards/boilerplate.html -->
+<!--#set var="TAGS" value="essays aboutfs principles" -->
+<!--#set var="DISABLE_TOP_ADDENDUM" value="yes" -->
<title>Free Software Is Even More Important Now
- GNU Project - Free Software Foundation</title>
+
<!--#include
virtual="/philosophy/po/free-software-even-more-important.translist" -->
<!--#include virtual="/server/banner.html" -->
-
+<!--#include virtual="/philosophy/ph-breadcrumb.html" -->
+<!--GNUN: OUT-OF-DATE NOTICE-->
+<!--#include virtual="/server/top-addendum.html" -->
+<div class="article reduced-width">
<h2>Free Software Is Even More Important Now</h2>
-<p>by <a href="http://www.stallman.org/"><strong>Richard
-Stallman</strong></a></p>
-
-<blockquote>
-<p>A substantially edited version of this article was published in <a
-href="http://www.wired.com/opinion/2013/09/why-free-software-is-more-important-now-than-ever-before">
-Wired</a>.</p>
-<p>
-<a href="/help/help.html">Suggested ways you can help the free software
movement</a>.
-</p>
-</blockquote>
+<address class="byline">by <a
href="https://www.stallman.org/">Richard
+Stallman</a></address>
<p>Since 1983, the Free Software Movement has campaigned for computer
users' freedom—for users to control the software they
@@ -39,17 +37,25 @@
<p>We also sometimes call it “libre software” to emphasize
that we're talking about liberty, not price. Some proprietary
(nonfree) programs, such as Photoshop, are very expensive; others,
-such as Flash Player, are available gratis—but that's a minor
+such as the Uber app, are available gratis—but that's a minor
detail. Either way, they give the program's developer power
over the users, power that no one should have.</p>
+<div class="announcement comment" role="complementary">
+<hr class="no-display" />
+<p><em>Watch a <a
+href="https://www.fsf.org/blogs/rms/20140407-geneva-tedx-talk-free-software-free-society/">
+14-min video presentation</a> of these ideas.</em></p>
+<hr class="no-display" />
+</div>
+
<p>Those two nonfree programs have something else in common: they are
both <em>malware</em>. That is, both have functionalities
designed to
mistreat the user. Proprietary software nowadays is often malware
-because <a <span
class="removed"><del><strong>href="/proprietary/proprietary.html">the</strong></del></span>
<span class="inserted"><ins><em>href="/malware/">the</em></ins></span>
developers' power
-corrupts them</a>. That directory lists around 300 different
-malicious functionalities (as of Apr 2017), but it is surely just the
-tip of the iceberg.</p>
+because <a href="/malware">the developers' power
+corrupts them</a>. That directory lists around <span
class="removed"><del><strong>500</strong></del></span> <span
class="inserted"><ins><em>550</em></ins></span> different
+malicious functionalities (as of <span
class="removed"><del><strong>January,</strong></del></span> <span
class="inserted"><ins><em>November,</em></ins></span> 2021), but it is surely
just
+the tip of the iceberg.</p>
<p>With free software, the users control the program, both individually
and collectively. So they control what their computers do (assuming
@@ -59,8 +65,8 @@
<p>With proprietary software, the program controls the users, and some
other entity (the developer or “owner”) controls the
program. So the proprietary program gives its developer power over
-its users. That is unjust in <span class="removed"><del><strong>itself,
and</strong></del></span> <span class="inserted"><ins><em>itself; moreover,
it</em></ins></span> tempts the developer to
-mistreat the users in other ways.</p>
+its users. That is unjust in itself; moreover, it tempts the developer
+to mistreat the users in other ways.</p>
<p>Even when proprietary software isn't downright malicious, its
developers have an incentive to make it
@@ -81,13 +87,15 @@
<a href="/philosophy/free-sw.html">essential freedoms</a>.
</p>
-<p>(0) The freedom to run the program as you wish, for whatever
purpose.</p>
+<div class="important">
+<p>(0) The freedom to run the program as you wish, for whatever
+purpose.</p>
-<p>(1) The freedom to study the program's “source code”,
+<p>(1) The freedom to study the program's “source code,”
and change it, so the program does your computing as you wish.
Programs are written by programmers in a programming
language—like English combined with algebra—and that form
-of the program is the “source code”. Anyone who knows
+of the program is the “source code.” Anyone who knows
programming, and has the program in source code form, can read the
source code, understand its functioning, and change it too. When all
you get is the executable form, a series of numbers that are efficient
@@ -105,6 +113,7 @@
<p>(3) The freedom to make and distribute copies of your modified
versions, when you wish.</p>
+</div>
<p>The first two freedoms mean each user can exercise individual
control over the program. With the other two freedoms, any group of
@@ -113,18 +122,18 @@
If any of them is missing or inadequate, the program is proprietary
(nonfree), and unjust.</p>
-<p>Other kinds of works are also used for practical activities, including
-recipes for cooking, educational works such as textbooks, reference
-works such as dictionaries and encyclopedias, fonts for displaying
-paragraphs of text, circuit diagrams for hardware for people to build,
-and patterns for making useful (not merely decorative) objects with a
-3D printer. Since these are not software, the free software movement
-strictly speaking doesn't cover them; but the same reasoning applies
-and leads to the same conclusion: these works should carry the four
-freedoms.</p>
+<p>Other kinds of works are also used for practical activities,
+including recipes for cooking, educational works such as textbooks,
+reference works such as dictionaries and encyclopedias, fonts for
+displaying paragraphs of text, circuit diagrams for hardware for people
+to build, and patterns for making useful (not merely decorative)
+objects with a 3D printer. Since these are not software, the free
+software movement strictly speaking doesn't cover them; but the same
+reasoning applies and leads to the same conclusion: these works should
+carry the four freedoms.</p>
<p>A free program allows you to tinker with it to make it do what you
-want (or cease do to something you dislike). Tinkering with software
+want (or cease to do something you dislike). Tinkering with software
may sound ridiculous if you are accustomed to proprietary software as
a sealed box, but in the Free World it's a common thing to do, and a
good way to learn programming. Even the traditional American pastime
@@ -140,34 +149,35 @@
nonfree program is a yoke, an instrument of unjust power.</p>
<p>In outrageous cases (though this outrage has become quite usual) <a
-href="/proprietary/proprietary.html">proprietary programs are designed
+href="/malware">proprietary programs are designed
to spy on the users, restrict them, censor them, and abuse them</a>.
-For instance, the operating system of Apple iThings does all of these,
-and so does Windows on mobile devices with ARM chips. Windows, mobile
-phone firmware, and Google Chrome for Windows include a universal back
-door that allows some company to change the program remotely without
-asking permission. The Amazon Kindle has a back door that can erase
-books.</p>
+For instance, the operating system of Apple <a
+href="/philosophy/why-call-it-the-swindle.html">iThings</a> does all
+of these, and so does Windows on mobile devices with ARM chips.
+Windows, mobile phone firmware, and Google Chrome for Windows include
+a universal back door that allows some company to change the program
+remotely without asking permission. The Amazon Kindle has a back door
+that can erase books.</p>
<p>The use of nonfree software in the “internet of things”
-would turn it into
-the <a
href="http://ieet.org/index.php/IEET/more/rinesi20150806">“internet
-of telemarketers”</a> as well as the “internet of
-snoopers”.</p>
+would turn it into the <a
+href="https://archive.ieet.org/articles/rinesi20150806.html">
+“internet of telemarketers”</a> as well as the
+“internet of snoopers.”</p>
<p>With the goal of ending the injustice of nonfree software, the free
software movement develops free programs so users can free themselves.
We began in 1984 by developing the free operating system <a
-href="/gnu/the-gnu-project.html">GNU</a>. Today, millions of computers
+href="/gnu/thegnuproject.html">GNU</a>. Today, millions of computers
run GNU, mainly in the <a href="/gnu/gnu-linux-faq.html">GNU/Linux
combination</a>.</p>
-<p>Distributing a program to users without freedom mistreats those users;
-however, choosing not to distribute the program does not mistreat
-anyone. If you write a program and use it privately, that does no
-wrong to others. (You do miss an opportunity to do good, but that's
-not the same as doing wrong.) Thus, when we say all software must
-be free, we mean that every copy must come with the four freedoms,
+<p>Distributing a program to users without freedom mistreats those
+users; however, choosing not to distribute the program does not
+mistreat anyone. If you write a program and use it privately, that
+does no wrong to others. (You do miss an opportunity to do good, but
+that's not the same as doing wrong.) Thus, when we say all software
+must be free, we mean that every copy must come with the four freedoms,
but we don't mean that someone has an obligation to offer you a copy.</p>
<h3>Nonfree Software and SaaSS</h3>
@@ -177,12 +187,12 @@
a Software Substitute, or SaaSS. That means letting someone else's
server do your own computing tasks.</p>
-<p>SaaSS doesn't mean the programs on the server are nonfree (though they
-often are). Rather, using SaaSS causes the same injustices as using a
-nonfree program: they are two paths to the same bad place. Take the
-example of a SaaSS translation service: The user sends text to the
-server, and the server translates it (from English to Spanish, say)
-and sends the translation back to the user. Now the job of
+<p>SaaSS doesn't mean the programs on the server are nonfree (though
+they often are). Rather, using SaaSS causes the same injustices as
+using a nonfree program: they are two paths to the same bad place.
+Take the example of a SaaSS translation service: The user sends text
+to the server, and the server translates it (from English to Spanish,
+say) and sends the translation back to the user. Now the job of
translating is under the control of the server operator rather than
the user.</p>
@@ -194,12 +204,12 @@
<h3>Primary And Secondary Injustices</h3>
-<p>When you use proprietary programs or SaaSS, first of all you do wrong
-to yourself, because it gives some entity unjust power over you. For
-your own sake, you should escape. It also wrongs others if you make a
-promise not to share. It is evil to keep such a promise, and a lesser
-evil to break it; to be truly upright, you should not make the promise
-at all.</p>
+<p>When you use proprietary programs or SaaSS, first of all you do
+wrong to yourself, because it gives some entity unjust power over you.
+For your own sake, you should escape. It also wrongs others if you
+make a promise not to share. It is evil to keep such a promise, and a
+lesser evil to break it; to be truly upright, you should not make the
+promise at all.</p>
<p>There are cases where using nonfree software puts pressure directly
on others to do likewise. Skype is a clear example: when one person
@@ -211,7 +221,7 @@
<p>Another harm of using nonfree programs and SaaSS is that it rewards
the perpetrator, encouraging further development of that program or
-“service”, leading in turn to even more people falling
+“service,” leading in turn to even more people falling
under the company's thumb.</p>
<p>All the forms of indirect harm are magnified when the user is a
@@ -232,9 +242,10 @@
service programmed and run by an entity other than the state, since
this would be SaaSS.</p>
-<p>Proprietary software has no security at all in one crucial case
-— against its developer. And the developer may help others attack.
-<a
href="http://arstechnica.com/security/2013/06/nsa-gets-early-access-to-zero-day-data-from-microsoft-others/">
+<p>Proprietary software has no security at all in one crucial <span
class="removed"><del><strong>case
+— against</strong></del></span>
+<span class="inserted"><ins><em>case—against</em></ins></span> its
developer. And the developer may help others attack.
+<a
href="https://arstechnica.com/information-technology/2013/06/nsa-gets-early-access-to-zero-day-data-from-microsoft-others/">
Microsoft shows Windows bugs to the NSA</a> (the US government digital
spying agency) before fixing them. We do not know whether Apple does
likewise, but it is under the same government pressure as Microsoft.
@@ -261,13 +272,13 @@
copies with the rest of the class—including the program's source
code, in case someone else wants to learn. Therefore, bringing
proprietary software to class is not permitted except to reverse
-engineer it.”</p>
+engineer it.”</p>
<p>Proprietary developers would have us punish students who are good
enough at heart to share software and thwart those curious enough to
-want to change it. This means a bad education. See
-<a href="/education/">http://www.gnu.org/education/</a>
-for more discussion of the use of free software in schools.</p>
+want to change it. This means a bad education. See more discussion
+about <a href="/education/education.html">the use of free software in
+schools</a>.</p>
<h3>Free Software: More Than “Advantages”</h3>
@@ -286,7 +297,7 @@
work consists of organized cooperation. If your friend comes to visit
and sees you use a program, she might ask for a copy. A program which
stops you from redistributing it, or says you're “not supposed
-to”, is antisocial.</p>
+to,” is antisocial.</p>
<p>In computing, cooperation includes redistributing exact copies of a
program to other users. It also includes distributing your changed
@@ -296,27 +307,55 @@
blocks them from making changes. SaaSS has the same effects: if your
computing is done over the web in someone else's server, by someone
else's copy of a program, you can't see it or touch the software that
-does your computing, so you can't redistribute it or change it.</p>
+does your computing, so you can't redistribute it or change it.</p>
<h3>Conclusion</h3>
-<p>We deserve to have control of our own computing; how can we win
-this control? By rejecting nonfree software on the computers we own
-or regularly use, and rejecting SaaSS. By <a
+<p>We deserve to have control of our own computing. How can we win
+this control?</p>
+
+<ul>
+ <li>By rejecting nonfree software on the computers we own or
+regularly use, and rejecting SaaSS.</li>
+
+ <li>By <a
href="/licenses/license-recommendations.html"> developing free
-software</a> (for those of us who are programmers.) By refusing to
-develop or promote nonfree software or SaaSS. By <a
-href="/help/help.html">spreading these ideas to others</a>.</p>
+software</a> (for those of us who are programmers.)</li>
+
+ <li>By refusing to develop or promote nonfree software or
SaaSS.</li>
+
+ <li>By <a
+href="/help/help.html">spreading these ideas to others</a>.</li>
+
+ <li>By <a
+href="/philosophy/saying-no-even-once.html">saying no and stating our
+reasons</a> when we are invited to run a nonfree program.</li>
+</ul>
<p>We and thousands of users have done this since 1984, which is how
we now have the free GNU/Linux operating system that
anyone—programmer or not—can use. Join our cause, as a
programmer or an activist. Let's make all computer users free.</p>
+<div class="announcement comment" role="complementary">
+<hr class="no-display" />
+<p>
+<a href="/help/help.html">Suggested ways you can help the free software
+movement</a>
+</p>
+</div>
+
+<div class="infobox extra" role="complementary">
+<hr />
+<p>A substantially edited version of this article was published in <a
+href="https://www.wired.com/2013/09/why-free-software-is-more-important-now-than-ever-before/">
+<cite>Wired</cite></a>.</p>
+</div>
+</div>
</div><!-- for id="content", starts in the include above -->
<!--#include virtual="/server/footer.html" -->
-<div id="footer">
+<div id="footer" role="contentinfo">
<div class="unprintable">
<p>Please send general FSF & GNU inquiries to
@@ -334,13 +373,13 @@
to <a href="mailto:web-translators@gnu.org">
<web-translators@gnu.org></a>.</p>
- <p>For information on coordinating and submitting translations of
+ <p>For information on coordinating and contributing translations
of
our web pages, see <a
href="/server/standards/README.translations.html">Translations
README</a>. -->
Please see the <a
href="/server/standards/README.translations.html">Translations
-README</a> for information on coordinating and submitting translations
+README</a> for information on coordinating and contributing translations
of this article.</p>
</div>
@@ -361,7 +400,7 @@
There is more detail about copyright years in the GNU Maintainers
Information document, www.gnu.org/prep/maintain. -->
-<p>Copyright © 2015, 2017 Richard Stallman</p>
+<p>Copyright © 2013-2015, 2017, 2021 Richard Stallman</p>
<p>This page is licensed under a <a rel="license"
href="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nd/4.0/">Creative
@@ -371,11 +410,11 @@
<p class="unprintable">Updated:
<!-- timestamp start -->
-$Date: 2018/01/06 14:01:11 $
+$Date: 2021/11/18 15:01:04 $
<!-- timestamp end -->
</p>
</div>
-</div>
+</div><!-- for class="inner", starts in the banner include -->
</body>
</html>
</pre></body></html>