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From: |
GNUN |
|
Subject: |
www/gnu byte-interview.es.html gnu-history.es.h... |
|
Date: |
Wed, 3 Nov 2021 07:36:36 -0400 (EDT) |
CVSROOT: /web/www
Module name: www
Changes by: GNUN <gnun> 21/11/03 07:36:36
Modified files:
gnu : byte-interview.es.html gnu-history.es.html
gnu/po : byte-interview.es-en.html byte-interview.es.po
gnu-history.es-en.html gnu-history.es.po
gnu-linux-faq.es.po
Log message:
Automatic update by GNUnited Nations.
CVSWeb URLs:
http://web.cvs.savannah.gnu.org/viewcvs/www/gnu/byte-interview.es.html?cvsroot=www&r1=1.44&r2=1.45
http://web.cvs.savannah.gnu.org/viewcvs/www/gnu/gnu-history.es.html?cvsroot=www&r1=1.65&r2=1.66
http://web.cvs.savannah.gnu.org/viewcvs/www/gnu/po/byte-interview.es-en.html?cvsroot=www&r1=1.26&r2=1.27
http://web.cvs.savannah.gnu.org/viewcvs/www/gnu/po/byte-interview.es.po?cvsroot=www&r1=1.36&r2=1.37
http://web.cvs.savannah.gnu.org/viewcvs/www/gnu/po/gnu-history.es-en.html?cvsroot=www&r1=1.29&r2=1.30
http://web.cvs.savannah.gnu.org/viewcvs/www/gnu/po/gnu-history.es.po?cvsroot=www&r1=1.53&r2=1.54
http://web.cvs.savannah.gnu.org/viewcvs/www/gnu/po/gnu-linux-faq.es.po?cvsroot=www&r1=1.146&r2=1.147
Patches:
Index: byte-interview.es.html
===================================================================
RCS file: /web/www/www/gnu/byte-interview.es.html,v
retrieving revision 1.44
retrieving revision 1.45
diff -u -b -r1.44 -r1.45
--- byte-interview.es.html 30 Apr 2021 09:12:02 -0000 1.44
+++ byte-interview.es.html 3 Nov 2021 11:36:32 -0000 1.45
@@ -1,7 +1,10 @@
<!--#set var="ENGLISH_PAGE" value="/gnu/byte-interview.en.html" -->
<!--#include virtual="/server/header.es.html" -->
-<!-- Parent-Version: 1.77 -->
+<!-- Parent-Version: 1.96 -->
+<!-- This page is derived from /server/standards/boilerplate.html -->
+<!--#set var="TAGS" value="gnu-history" -->
+<!--#set var="DISABLE_TOP_ADDENDUM" value="yes" -->
<!-- This file is automatically generated by GNUnited Nations! -->
<title>Entrevista de BYTE a Richard Stallman - Proyecto GNU - Free Software
@@ -9,12 +12,19 @@
<!--#include virtual="/gnu/po/byte-interview.translist" -->
<!--#include virtual="/server/banner.es.html" -->
+<!--#include virtual="/gnu/gnu-breadcrumb.es.html" -->
+<!--GNUN: OUT-OF-DATE NOTICE-->
+<!--#include virtual="/server/top-addendum.es.html" -->
+<div class="article reduced-width">
<h2>Entrevista de BYTE a Richard Stallman</h2>
-<p>Realizada por David Betz y Jon Edwards</p>
+<address class="byline">realizada por David Betz y Jon Edwards</address>
-<h3>Richard Stallman habla con los editores de BYTE sobre su sistema de
software
-compatible con Unix y disponible en el dominio público (julio de 1986). </h3>
+<div class="introduction">
+<p>Richard Stallman habla con los editores de BYTE sobre su sistema de software
+compatible con Unix y disponible en el dominio público (julio de 1986).</p>
+</div>
+<hr class="no-display" />
<p>Richard Stallman ha emprendido, probablemente, el proyecto de desarrollo de
software libre más ambicioso hasta la fecha, el sistema GNU. En su
@@ -463,10 +473,12 @@
<p><strong>Stallman</strong>: Escriba a la Free Software Foundation, 675
Massachusetts Ave., Cambridge, MA 02139.</p>
-<p>(La dirección actual, desde 2005, es: Free Software Foundation 51 Franklin
-St, Fifth Floor Boston, MA 02110-1301, USA Teléfono.: +1-617-542-5942 Fax:
-+1-617-542-2652)
-</p>
+<address>[La dirección actual (desde 2005) es:<br />
+ Free Software Foundation, 51 Franklin St, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA
+02110-1301, USA.<br />
+ Tel: +1-617-542-5942<br />
+ Fax: +1-617-542-2652]
+</address>
<p><strong>BYTE</strong>: ¿Qué va a hacer cuando haya terminado con el
sistema
GNU?</p>
@@ -481,6 +493,7 @@
simplemente vivir una vida cómoda, trabajando poco tiempo, lo necesario para
vivir. No tengo necesidades caras. El resto del tiempo lo puedo dedicar a
pasar el rato con gente interesante o bien a aprender a hacer cosas nuevas.</p>
+</div>
<div class="translators-notes">
@@ -502,7 +515,7 @@
<!-- for id="content", starts in the include above -->
<!--#include virtual="/server/footer.es.html" -->
-<div id="footer">
+<div id="footer" role="contentinfo">
<div class="unprintable">
<p>EnvÃe sus consultas acerca de la FSF y GNU a <a
@@ -523,7 +536,7 @@
<web-translators@gnu.org></a>.</p>
- <p>For information on coordinating and submitting translations of
+ <p>For information on coordinating and contributing translations of
our web pages, see <a
href="/server/standards/README.translations.html">Translations
README</a>. -->
@@ -553,8 +566,7 @@
There is more detail about copyright years in the GNU Maintainers
Information document, www.gnu.org/prep/maintain. -->
-<p>Copyright © 1999, 2000, 2001, 2002, 2007, 2013, 2014, 2020 Free
-Software Foundation, Inc.</p>
+<p>Copyright © 1999, 2021 Free Software Foundation, Inc.</p>
<p>Esta página está bajo licencia <a rel="license"
href="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nd/4.0/deed.es_ES";>Creative
@@ -569,11 +581,12 @@
<p class="unprintable"><!-- timestamp start -->
Ãltima actualización:
-$Date: 2021/04/30 09:12:02 $
+$Date: 2021/11/03 11:36:32 $
<!-- timestamp end -->
</p>
</div>
</div>
+<!-- for class="inner", starts in the banner include -->
</body>
</html>
Index: gnu-history.es.html
===================================================================
RCS file: /web/www/www/gnu/gnu-history.es.html,v
retrieving revision 1.65
retrieving revision 1.66
diff -u -b -r1.65 -r1.66
--- gnu-history.es.html 30 Apr 2021 09:12:02 -0000 1.65
+++ gnu-history.es.html 3 Nov 2021 11:36:32 -0000 1.66
@@ -1,7 +1,10 @@
<!--#set var="ENGLISH_PAGE" value="/gnu/gnu-history.en.html" -->
<!--#include virtual="/server/header.es.html" -->
-<!-- Parent-Version: 1.84 -->
+<!-- Parent-Version: 1.96 -->
+<!-- This page is derived from /server/standards/boilerplate.html -->
+<!--#set var="TAGS" value="gnu-history" -->
+<!--#set var="DISABLE_TOP_ADDENDUM" value="yes" -->
<!-- This file is automatically generated by GNUnited Nations! -->
<title>Visión general del sistema GNU - Proyecto GNU - Free Software
Foundation</title>
@@ -10,13 +13,18 @@
<!--#include virtual="/gnu/po/gnu-history.translist" -->
<!--#include virtual="/server/banner.es.html" -->
+<!--#include virtual="/gnu/gnu-breadcrumb.es.html" -->
+<!--GNUN: OUT-OF-DATE NOTICE-->
+<!--#include virtual="/server/top-addendum.es.html" -->
+<div class="article reduced-width">
<h2>Visión general del sistema GNU</h2>
+<div class="thin"></div>
<p>
El sistema operativo GNU es un sistema completo de software libre compatible
con Unix. El término GNU proviene de «GNU No es Unix». Se pronuncia <a
href="/gnu/pronunciation.html">en una sola sÃlaba: <cite>ñu</cite></a>.<a
-href="http://www.stallman.org/";>Richard Stallman</a> escribió el <a
+href="https://www.stallman.org/";>Richard Stallman</a> escribió el <a
href="/gnu/initial-announcement.html">anuncio inicial</a> del Proyecto GNU
en setiembre de 1983. Una versión extendida, denominada el <a
href="/gnu/manifesto.html">Manifiesto de GNU</a>, se publicó en setiembre de
@@ -79,9 +87,9 @@
editores, procesadores de texto, software de correo, interfaces gráficas,
bibliotecas, juegos y muchas otras cosas. Por todo esto, escribir un sistema
operativo completo conlleva mucho trabajo. La <a
-href="http://fsf.org/";><cite>Free Software Foundation</cite></a> se fundó en
-octubre de 1985 con el objetivo inicial de recaudar fondos para ayudar a
-programar GNU.</p>
+href="https://www.fsf.org/";><cite>Free Software Foundation</cite></a> se
+fundó en octubre de 1985 con el objetivo inicial de recaudar fondos para
+ayudar a programar GNU.</p>
<p>A principios de 1990 ya habÃamos encontrado o programado los componentes
principales excepto uno, el núcleo. En 1991 Linus Torvalds programó Linux,
@@ -94,24 +102,24 @@
principal de Linux actualmente contiene elementos binarios de
<cite>firmware</cite> que no son libres, por eso partidarios del software
libre mantienen una versión modificada libre de Linux denominada <a
-href="http://directory.fsf.org/project/linux";>Linux-libre</a>.</p>
+href="https://directory.fsf.org/wiki/Linux-libre";>Linux-libre</a>.</p>
<p>
En todo caso, el proyecto GNU no se limita al sistema operativo propiamente
-dicho. Queremos proporcionar una amplia gama de software, cualquier
-programa que muchos usuarios quieran tener. Esto incluye programas de
-aplicación. En el <a href="/directory">directorio de software libre</a> se
-puede consultar un catálogo de aplicaciones libres.</p>
+dicho. Queremos proporcionar una amplia gama de software, cualquier programa
+que muchos usuarios quieran tener. Esto incluye programas de aplicación. En
+el <a href="https://directory.fsf.org/wiki/Main_Page";>directorio de software
+libre</a> se puede consultar un catálogo de aplicaciones libres.</p>
<p>
También queremos proporcionar software para usuarios que no son expertos en
informática. Por ese motivo creamos un <a
-href="http://www.gnome.org/";>escritorio gráfico (llamado GNOME)</a> para
+href="https://www.gnome.org/";>escritorio gráfico (llamado GNOME)</a> para
ayudar a los principiantes a usar el sistema GNU.</p>
<p>También queremos ofrecer juegos y otros programas de
entretenimiento. Algunos <a
-href="http://directory.fsf.org/wiki/Category/Game";>juegos libres</a> ya
+href="https://directory.fsf.org/wiki/Category/Game";>juegos libres</a> ya
están disponibles.</p>
<p>
@@ -121,7 +129,7 @@
proporcionar software libre para realizar todas las tareas que los usuarios
de ordenadores quieran llevar a cabo, y lograr asà que el software privativo
sea cosa del pasado.</p>
-
+</div>
<div class="translators-notes">
@@ -133,7 +141,7 @@
<!-- for id="content", starts in the include above -->
<!--#include virtual="/server/footer.es.html" -->
-<div id="footer">
+<div id="footer" role="contentinfo">
<div class="unprintable">
<p>EnvÃe sus consultas acerca de la FSF y GNU a <a
@@ -154,7 +162,7 @@
<web-translators@gnu.org></a>.</p>
- <p>For information on coordinating and submitting translations of
+ <p>For information on coordinating and contributing translations of
our web pages, see <a
href="/server/standards/README.translations.html">Translations
README</a>. -->
@@ -184,8 +192,8 @@
There is more detail about copyright years in the GNU Maintainers
Information document, www.gnu.org/prep/maintain. -->
-<p>Copyright © 1996, 1997, 1998, 1999, 2001, 2002, 2003, 2005, 2007, 2009,
-2012, 2014, 2017 Free Software Foundation, Inc.</p>
+<p>Copyright © 1996, 1997, 2003, 2005, 2008, 2012, 2017, 2021 Free
+Software Foundation, Inc.</p>
<p>Esta página está bajo licencia <a rel="license"
href="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nd/4.0/deed.es_ES";>Creative
@@ -200,11 +208,12 @@
<p class="unprintable"><!-- timestamp start -->
Ãltima actualización:
-$Date: 2021/04/30 09:12:02 $
+$Date: 2021/11/03 11:36:32 $
<!-- timestamp end -->
</p>
</div>
</div>
+<!-- for class="inner", starts in the banner include -->
</body>
</html>
Index: po/byte-interview.es-en.html
===================================================================
RCS file: /web/www/www/gnu/po/byte-interview.es-en.html,v
retrieving revision 1.26
retrieving revision 1.27
diff -u -b -r1.26 -r1.27
--- po/byte-interview.es-en.html 3 Jul 2020 10:00:38 -0000 1.26
+++ po/byte-interview.es-en.html 3 Nov 2021 11:36:36 -0000 1.27
@@ -1,15 +1,25 @@
<!--#include virtual="/server/header.html" -->
-<!-- Parent-Version: 1.77 -->
+<!-- Parent-Version: 1.96 -->
+<!-- This page is derived from /server/standards/boilerplate.html -->
+<!--#set var="TAGS" value="gnu-history" -->
+<!--#set var="DISABLE_TOP_ADDENDUM" value="yes" -->
<title>BYTE Interview with Richard Stallman
- GNU Project - Free Software Foundation</title>
<!--#include virtual="/gnu/po/byte-interview.translist" -->
<!--#include virtual="/server/banner.html" -->
+<!--#include virtual="/gnu/gnu-breadcrumb.html" -->
+<!--GNUN: OUT-OF-DATE NOTICE-->
+<!--#include virtual="/server/top-addendum.html" -->
+<div class="article reduced-width">
<h2>BYTE Interview with Richard Stallman</h2>
-<p>Conducted by David Betz and Jon Edwards</p>
+<address class="byline">conducted by David Betz and Jon Edwards</address>
-<h3>Richard Stallman discusses his public-domain Unix-compatible
- software system with BYTE editors (July 1986) </h3>
+<div class="introduction">
+<p>Richard Stallman discusses his public-domain Unix-compatible
+software system with BYTE editors (July 1986).</p>
+</div>
+<hr class="no-display" />
<p>Richard Stallman has undertaken probably the most ambitious free
software development project to date, the GNU system. In his GNU
@@ -18,7 +28,7 @@
system which I am writing so that I can give it away free to everyone
who can use it… Once GNU is written, everyone will be able to
obtain good system software free, just like air.” (GNU is an
-acronym for GNU's Not Unix; the “G” is pronounced.)</p>
+acronym for GNU's Not Unix; the <i>g</i> is pronounced.)</p>
<p>Stallman is widely known as the author of EMACS, a powerful text
editor that he developed at the <abbr title="Massachusetts Institute
@@ -420,13 +430,13 @@
<p><strong>Stallman</strong>: Write to the Free Software Foundation, 675
Massachusetts Ave.,
Cambridge, MA 02139.</p>
-<p>[The current address (since 2005) is:
- Free Software Foundation
- 51 Franklin St, Fifth Floor
- Boston, MA 02110-1301, USA
- Voice: +1-617-542-5942
+<address>[The current address (since 2005) is:<br />
+ Free Software Foundation,
+ 51 Franklin St, Fifth Floor,
+ Boston, MA 02110-1301, USA.<br />
+ Voice: +1-617-542-5942<br />
Fax: +1-617-542-2652]
-</p>
+</address>
<p><strong>BYTE</strong>: What are you going to do when you are done with the
GNU system?</p>
@@ -440,10 +450,11 @@
working a little bit of the time just to live. I don't have to live
expensively. The rest of the time I can find interesting people to hang
around with or learn to do things that I don't know how to do.</p>
+</div>
</div><!-- for id="content", starts in the include above -->
<!--#include virtual="/server/footer.html" -->
-<div id="footer">
+<div id="footer" role="contentinfo">
<div class="unprintable">
<p>Please send general FSF & GNU inquiries to
@@ -461,13 +472,13 @@
to <a href="mailto:web-translators@gnu.org";>
<web-translators@gnu.org></a>.</p>
- <p>For information on coordinating and submitting translations of
+ <p>For information on coordinating and contributing translations of
our web pages, see <a
href="/server/standards/README.translations.html">Translations
README</a>. -->
Please see the <a
href="/server/standards/README.translations.html">Translations
-README</a> for information on coordinating and submitting translations
+README</a> for information on coordinating and contributing translations
of this article.</p>
</div>
@@ -488,8 +499,7 @@
There is more detail about copyright years in the GNU Maintainers
Information document, www.gnu.org/prep/maintain. -->
-<p>Copyright © 1999, 2000, 2001, 2002, 2007, 2013, 2014, 2020
-Free Software Foundation, Inc.</p>
+<p>Copyright © 1999, 2021 Free Software Foundation, Inc.</p>
<p>This page is licensed under a <a rel="license"
href="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nd/4.0/";>Creative
@@ -499,10 +509,10 @@
<p class="unprintable">Updated:
<!-- timestamp start -->
-$Date: 2020/07/03 10:00:38 $
+$Date: 2021/11/03 11:36:36 $
<!-- timestamp end -->
</p>
</div>
-</div>
+</div><!-- for class="inner", starts in the banner include -->
</body>
</html>
Index: po/byte-interview.es.po
===================================================================
RCS file: /web/www/www/gnu/po/byte-interview.es.po,v
retrieving revision 1.36
retrieving revision 1.37
diff -u -b -r1.36 -r1.37
--- po/byte-interview.es.po 3 Nov 2021 11:08:06 -0000 1.36
+++ po/byte-interview.es.po 3 Nov 2021 11:36:36 -0000 1.37
@@ -34,14 +34,11 @@
msgstr "Entrevista de BYTE a Richard Stallman"
# type: Content of: <p>
-# | [-C-]{+c+}onducted by David Betz and Jon Edwards
#. type: Content of: <div><address>
msgid "conducted by David Betz and Jon Edwards"
msgstr "realizada por David Betz y Jon Edwards"
# type: Content of: <h3>
-# | Richard Stallman discusses his public-domain Unix-compatible software
-# | system with BYTE editors (July 1986){+.+}
#. type: Content of: <div><div><p>
msgid ""
"Richard Stallman discusses his public-domain Unix-compatible software system "
@@ -1096,10 +1093,7 @@
msgstr "[La dirección actual (desde 2005) es:"
# type: Content of: <div><address>
-# | {+Free Software Foundation,+} 51 Franklin St, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA
-# | 02110-1301, USA{+.+}
#. type: Content of: <div><address>
-#| msgid "51 Franklin St, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA 02110-1301, USA"
msgid ""
"Free Software Foundation, 51 Franklin St, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA "
"02110-1301, USA."
Index: po/gnu-history.es-en.html
===================================================================
RCS file: /web/www/www/gnu/po/gnu-history.es-en.html,v
retrieving revision 1.29
retrieving revision 1.30
diff -u -b -r1.29 -r1.30
--- po/gnu-history.es-en.html 10 Sep 2017 13:59:44 -0000 1.29
+++ po/gnu-history.es-en.html 3 Nov 2021 11:36:36 -0000 1.30
@@ -1,18 +1,26 @@
<!--#include virtual="/server/header.html" -->
-<!-- Parent-Version: 1.84 -->
+<!-- Parent-Version: 1.96 -->
+<!-- This page is derived from /server/standards/boilerplate.html -->
+<!--#set var="TAGS" value="gnu-history" -->
+<!--#set var="DISABLE_TOP_ADDENDUM" value="yes" -->
<title>Overview of the GNU System
- GNU Project - Free Software Foundation</title>
<meta name="Keywords" content="GNU, GNU Project, FSF, Free Software, Free
Software Foundation, History" />
<!--#include virtual="/gnu/po/gnu-history.translist" -->
<!--#include virtual="/server/banner.html" -->
+<!--#include virtual="/gnu/gnu-breadcrumb.html" -->
+<!--GNUN: OUT-OF-DATE NOTICE-->
+<!--#include virtual="/server/top-addendum.html" -->
+<div class="article reduced-width">
<h2>Overview of the GNU System</h2>
+<div class="thin"></div>
<p>
The GNU operating system is a complete free software system,
-upward-compatible with Unix. GNU stands for “GNU's Not Unix”.
+upward-compatible with Unix. GNU stands for “GNU's Not Unix.”
It is pronounced as <a href="/gnu/pronunciation.html">one syllable with a
-hard g</a>.
-<a href="http://www.stallman.org/";>Richard Stallman</a> made the
+hard <i>g</i></a>.
+<a href="https://www.stallman.org/";>Richard Stallman</a> made the
<a href="/gnu/initial-announcement.html">Initial Announcement</a> of
the GNU Project in September 1983. A longer version called
the <a href="/gnu/manifesto.html">GNU Manifesto</a> was published in
@@ -22,9 +30,9 @@
<p>
The name “GNU” was chosen because it met a few
requirements; first, it was a recursive acronym for “GNU's Not
-Unix”, second, because it was a real word, and third, it was fun
+Unix,” second, because it was a real word, and third, it was fun
to say (or
-<a href="http://www.poppyfields.net/poppy/songs/gnu.html";>Sing</a>).</p>
+<a href="http://www.poppyfields.net/poppy/songs/gnu.html";>sing</a>).</p>
<p>
The word “free” in “free software” pertains to
@@ -40,7 +48,7 @@
<p>
The project to develop the GNU system is called the “GNU
-Project”. The GNU Project was conceived in 1983 as a way of
+Project.” The GNU Project was conceived in 1983 as a way of
bringing back the cooperative spirit that prevailed in the computing
community in earlier days—to make cooperation possible once again by
removing the obstacles to cooperation imposed by the owners of
@@ -75,7 +83,7 @@
text formatters, mail software, graphical interfaces, libraries, games
and many other things. Thus, writing a whole operating system is a
very large job. We started in January 1984.
-The <a href="http://fsf.org/";> Free Software Foundation</a> was
+The <a href="https://www.fsf.org/";> Free Software Foundation</a> was
founded in October 1985, initially to raise funds to help develop
GNU.</p>
@@ -86,26 +94,26 @@
complete operating system: the GNU/Linux system. Estimates are that
tens of millions of people now use GNU/Linux systems, typically
via <a href="/distros/distros.html">GNU/Linux distributions</a>. The principal
-version of Linux now contains non-free firmware “blobs”;
+version of Linux now contains nonfree firmware “blobs”;
free software activists now maintain a modified free version of Linux,
-called <a href="http://directory.fsf.org/project/linux";>
+called <a href="https://directory.fsf.org/wiki/Linux-libre";>
Linux-libre</a>.</p>
<p>
However, the GNU Project is not limited to the core operating system.
We aim to provide a whole spectrum of software, whatever many users
want to have. This includes application software. See
-the <a href="/directory">Free Software Directory</a> for a catalogue
+the <a href="https://directory.fsf.org/wiki/Main_Page";>Free Software
Directory</a> for a catalogue
of free software application programs.</p>
<p>
We also want to provide software for users who are not computer
experts. Therefore we developed a
-<a href="http://www.gnome.org/";>graphical desktop (called GNOME)</a> to help
+<a href="https://www.gnome.org/";>graphical desktop (called GNOME)</a> to help
beginners use the GNU system.</p>
<p>We also want to provide games and other recreations. Plenty of <a
-href="http://directory.fsf.org/wiki/Category/Game";>free games</a> are
+href="https://directory.fsf.org/wiki/Category/Game";>free games</a> are
already available.</p>
<p>
@@ -114,11 +122,11 @@
the patent system prohibit free software</a>. The ultimate goal is to
provide free software to do all of the jobs computer users want to
do—and thus make proprietary software a thing of the past.</p>
-
+</div>
</div><!-- for id="content", starts in the include above -->
<!--#include virtual="/server/footer.html" -->
-<div id="footer">
+<div id="footer" role="contentinfo">
<div class="unprintable">
<p>Please send general FSF & GNU inquiries to
@@ -136,13 +144,13 @@
to <a href="mailto:web-translators@gnu.org";>
<web-translators@gnu.org></a>.</p>
- <p>For information on coordinating and submitting translations of
+ <p>For information on coordinating and contributing translations of
our web pages, see <a
href="/server/standards/README.translations.html">Translations
README</a>. -->
Please see the <a
href="/server/standards/README.translations.html">Translations
-README</a> for information on coordinating and submitting translations
+README</a> for information on coordinating and contributing translations
of this article.</p>
</div>
@@ -163,8 +171,8 @@
There is more detail about copyright years in the GNU Maintainers
Information document, www.gnu.org/prep/maintain. -->
-<p>Copyright © 1996, 1997, 1998, 1999, 2001, 2002, 2003, 2005, 2007,
-2009, 2012, 2014, 2017 Free Software Foundation, Inc.</p>
+<p>Copyright © 1996, 1997, 2003, 2005, 2008, 2012, 2017, 2021
+Free Software Foundation, Inc.</p>
<p>This page is licensed under a <a rel="license"
href="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nd/4.0/";>Creative
@@ -174,10 +182,10 @@
<p class="unprintable">Updated:
<!-- timestamp start -->
-$Date: 2017/09/10 13:59:44 $
+$Date: 2021/11/03 11:36:36 $
<!-- timestamp end -->
</p>
</div>
-</div>
+</div><!-- for class="inner", starts in the banner include -->
</body>
</html>
Index: po/gnu-history.es.po
===================================================================
RCS file: /web/www/www/gnu/po/gnu-history.es.po,v
retrieving revision 1.53
retrieving revision 1.54
diff -u -b -r1.53 -r1.54
Index: po/gnu-linux-faq.es.po
===================================================================
RCS file: /web/www/www/gnu/po/gnu-linux-faq.es.po,v
retrieving revision 1.146
retrieving revision 1.147
diff -u -b -r1.146 -r1.147
--- po/gnu-linux-faq.es.po 3 Nov 2021 11:08:06 -0000 1.146
+++ po/gnu-linux-faq.es.po 3 Nov 2021 11:36:36 -0000 1.147
@@ -37,10 +37,6 @@
msgstr "por Richard Stallman"
# type: Content of: <p>
-# | When people see that we use and recommend the name GNU/Linux for a system
-# | that many others call just [-“Linux”,-]
-# | {+“Linux,”+} they ask many questions. Here are common
-# | questions, and our answers.
#. type: Content of: <div><div><p>
msgid ""
"When people see that we use and recommend the name GNU/Linux for a system "
@@ -261,11 +257,6 @@
"<a href=\"#justgnu\">Ya que Linux es una contribución secundaria, ¿serÃa "
"equivocado llamar al sistema simplemente «GNU»?</a>"
-# | <a href=\"#trademarkfee\">I would have to pay a fee if I use
-# | “Linux” in the name of a product, and that would also apply if
-# | I say [-“GNU/Linux”.-] {+“GNU/Linux.”+} Is it
-# | wrong if I use “GNU” without [-“Linux”,-]
-# | {+“Linux,”+} to save the fee?</a>
#. type: Content of: <div><div><ul><li>
msgid ""
"<a href=\"#trademarkfee\">I would have to pay a fee if I use “"
@@ -355,10 +346,6 @@
"GNU”?</a>"
msgstr "<a href=\"#whyorder\">¿Por qué «GNU/Linux» en vez de
«Linux/GNU»?</a>"
-# | <a href=\"#distronames0\">My distro's developers call it “Foobar
-# | [-Linux”,-] {+Linux,”+} but that doesn't say anything about
-# | what the system consists of. Why shouldn't they call it whatever they
-# | like?</a>
#. type: Content of: <div><div><ul><li>
msgid ""
"<a href=\"#distronames0\">My distro's developers call it “Foobar Linux,"
@@ -619,10 +606,6 @@
"<a href=\"#require\">¿No deberÃan poner algo en la GPL de GNU para
solicitar "
"a la gente que llame al sistema «GNU»?</a>"
-# | <a href=\"#deserve\">Since you failed to put something in the GNU GPL to
-# | require people to call the system [-“GNU”,-]
-# | {+“GNU,”+} you deserve what happened; why are you complaining
-# | now?</a>
#. type: Content of: <div><div><ul><li>
msgid ""
"<a href=\"#deserve\">Since you failed to put something in the GNU GPL to "
@@ -641,9 +624,6 @@
"<a href=\"#contradict\">¿No serÃa mejor que no contradijeran lo que creen "
"tantas personas?</a>"
-# | <a href=\"#somanyright\">Since many people call it
-# | [-“Linux”,-] {+“Linux,”+} doesn't that make it
-# | right?</a>
#. type: Content of: <div><div><ul><li>
msgid ""
"<a href=\"#somanyright\">Since many people call it “Linux,” "
@@ -831,14 +811,6 @@
"ventaja."
# type: Content of: <dl><dd><p>
-# | Most of the people who call the system “Linux” have never
-# | heard why that's not the right thing. They saw others using that name and
-# | assume it must be right. The name “Linux” also spreads a
-# | false picture of the system's origin, because people tend to suppose that
-# | the system's history was such as to fit that name. For instance, they
-# | often believe its development was started by Linus Torvalds in 1991. This
-# | false picture tends to reinforce the idea that the system should be called
-# | [-“Linux”.-] {+“Linux.”+}
#. type: Content of: <div><dl><dd><p>
msgid ""
"Most of the people who call the system “Linux” have never heard "
@@ -876,10 +848,6 @@
"\"anchor-reference-id\">(<a href=\"#always\">#always</a>)</span>"
# type: Content of: <dl><dd>
-# | Not always—only when you're talking about the whole system. When
-# | you're referring specifically to the kernel, you should call it
-# | [-“Linux”,-] {+“Linux,”+} the name its developer
-# | chose.
#. type: Content of: <div><dl><dd>
msgid ""
"Not always—only when you're talking about the whole system. When "
@@ -891,13 +859,6 @@
"nombre que eligió su programador."
# type: Content of: <dl><dd><p>
-# | When people call the whole system [-“Linux”,-]
-# | {+“Linux,”+} as a consequence they call the whole system by
-# | the same name as the kernel. This causes many kinds of confusion, because
-# | only experts can tell whether a statement is about the kernel or the whole
-# | system. By calling the whole system [-“GNU/Linux”,-]
-# | {+“GNU/Linux,”+} and calling the kernel
-# | [-“Linux”,-] {+“Linux,”+} you avoid the ambiguity.
#. type: Content of: <div><dl><dd><p>
msgid ""
"When people call the whole system “Linux,” as a consequence they "
@@ -978,10 +939,6 @@
"a>)</span>"
# type: Content of: <dl><dd>
-# | When we ask people to say [-“GNU/Linux”,-]
-# | {+“GNU/Linux,”+} we are not dividing people. We are asking
-# | them to give the GNU Project credit for the GNU operating system. This
-# | does not criticize anyone or push anyone away.
#. type: Content of: <div><dl><dd>
msgid ""
"When we ask people to say “GNU/Linux,” we are not dividing "
@@ -1043,17 +1000,6 @@
"pierde de vista lo esencial del software libre</a>."
# type: Content of: <dl><dd><p>
-# | The disagreement over values partially aligns with the amount of attention
-# | people pay to the GNU Project's role in our community. People who value
-# | freedom are more likely to call the system [-“GNU/Linux”,-]
-# | {+“GNU/Linux,”+} and people who learn that the system is
-# | “GNU/Linux” are more likely to pay attention to our
-# | philosophical arguments for freedom and community (which is why the choice
-# | of name for the system makes a real difference for society). However, the
-# | disagreement would probably exist even if everyone knew the system's real
-# | origin and its proper name, because the issue is a real one. It can only
-# | go away if we who value freedom either persuade everyone (which won't be
-# | easy) or are defeated entirely (let's hope not).
#. type: Content of: <div><dl><dd><p>
msgid ""
"The disagreement over values partially aligns with the amount of attention "
@@ -1115,16 +1061,10 @@
msgstr ""
"Puesto que todos conocen el papel de GNU en el desarrollo del sistema, ¿no "
"queda «GNU/» sobreentendido en el nombre sin necesidad de mencionarlo?
<span "
-"class=\"anchor-reference-id\">(<a href=\"#everyoneknows\">#everyoneknows</"
-"a>)</span>"
+"class=\"anchor-reference-id\">(<a href=\"#everyoneknows\">#everyoneknows</a>)"
+"</span>"
# type: Content of: <dl><dd>
-# | Experience shows that the system's users, and the computer-using public in
-# | general, often know nothing about the GNU system. Most articles about the
-# | system do not mention the name [-“GNU”,-]
-# | {+“GNU,”+} or the ideals that GNU stands for. <a
-# | href=\"/gnu/gnu-users-never-heard-of-gnu.html\">GNU Users Who Have Never
-# | Heard of GNU</a> explains further.
#. type: Content of: <div><dl><dd>
msgid ""
"Experience shows that the system's users, and the computer-using public in "
@@ -1141,11 +1081,6 @@
"GNU</a>."
# type: Content of: <dl><dd><p>
-# | The people who say this are probably geeks thinking of the geeks they
-# | know. Geeks often do know about GNU, but many have a completely wrong
-# | idea of what GNU is. For instance, many think it is a collection of [-<a
-# | href=\"#tools\">“tools”</a>,-] {+“<a
-# | href=\"#tools\">tools</a>,”+} or a project to develop tools.
#. type: Content of: <div><dl><dd><p>
msgid ""
"The people who say this are probably geeks thinking of the geeks they know. "
@@ -1185,11 +1120,6 @@
"\"#everyoneknows2\">#everyoneknows2</a>)</span>"
# type: Content of: <dl><dd>
-# | If your words don't reflect your knowledge, you don't teach others. Most
-# | people who have heard of the GNU/Linux system think it is
-# | [-“Linux”,-] {+“Linux,”+} that it was started by
-# | Linus Torvalds, and that it was intended to be “open
-# | [-source”.-] {+source.”+} If you don't tell them, who will?
#. type: Content of: <div><dl><dd><p>
msgid ""
"If your words don't reflect your knowledge, you don't teach others. Most "
@@ -1257,14 +1187,6 @@
"\">#tools</a>)</span>"
# type: Content of: <dl><dd>
-# | People who think that Linux is an entire operating system, if they hear
-# | about GNU at all, often get a wrong idea of what GNU is. They may think
-# | that GNU is the name of a collection of programs—often they say
-# | “programming [-tools”,-] {+tools,”+} since some of our
-# | programming tools became popular on their own. The idea that
-# | “GNU” is the name of an operating system is hard to fit into a
-# | conceptual framework in which that operating system is labeled
-# | [-“Linux”.-] {+“Linux.”+}
#. type: Content of: <div><dl><dd>
msgid ""
"People who think that Linux is an entire operating system, if they hear "
@@ -1346,15 +1268,6 @@
"programas."
# type: Content of: <dl><dd><p>
-# | To confuse matters, some people use the term “operating
-# | system” to mean [-“kernel”.-] {+“kernel.”+}
-# | Both uses of the term go back many years. The use of “operating
-# | system” to mean “kernel” is found in a number of
-# | textbooks on system design, going back to the 80s. At the same time, in
-# | the 80s, the “Unix operating system” was understood to include
-# | all the system programs, and Berkeley's version of Unix included even
-# | games. Since we intended GNU to be a Unix-like operating system, we use
-# | the term “operating system” in the same way.
#. type: Content of: <div><dl><dd><p>
msgid ""
"To confuse matters, some people use the term “operating system” "
@@ -1377,14 +1290,6 @@
"expresión «sistema operativo» en el mismo sentido."
# type: Content of: <dl><dd><p>
-# | Most of the time when people speak of the “Linux operating
-# | system” they are using “operating system” in the same
-# | sense we use: they mean the whole collection of programs. If that's what
-# | you are referring to, please call it [-“GNU/Linux”.-]
-# | {+“GNU/Linux.”+} If you mean just the kernel, then
-# | “Linux” is the right name for it, but please say
-# | “kernel” also to avoid ambiguity about which body of software
-# | you mean.
#. type: Content of: <div><dl><dd><p>
msgid ""
"Most of the time when people speak of the “Linux operating "
@@ -1403,10 +1308,6 @@
"ambigüedad acerca de la parte del software a la que se refiere."
# type: Content of: <dl><dd><p>
-# | If you prefer to use some other term such as “system
-# | distribution” for the entire collection of programs, instead of
-# | “operating [-system”,-] {+system,”+} that's fine. Then
-# | you would talk about GNU/Linux system distributions.
#. type: Content of: <div><dl><dd><p>
msgid ""
"If you prefer to use some other term such as “system "
@@ -1477,8 +1378,8 @@
"Isn't the kernel the brain of the system? <span class=\"anchor-reference-id"
"\">(<a href=\"#brain\">#brain</a>)</span>"
msgstr ""
-"¿No es el núcleo el cerebro del sistema? <span class=\"anchor-reference-id"
-"\">(<a href=\"#brain\">#brain</a>)</span>"
+"¿No es el núcleo el cerebro del sistema? <span
class=\"anchor-reference-id\">"
+"(<a href=\"#brain\">#brain</a>)</span>"
# type: Content of: <dl><dd>
#. type: Content of: <div><dl><dd><p>
@@ -1516,12 +1417,6 @@
"desarrolló un núcleo, ¿cómo puede el sistema ser GNU?<span
class=\"anchor-"
"reference-id\">(<a href=\"#nokernel\">#nokernel</a>)</span>"
-# | The people who argue that way for calling the system “Linux”
-# | are using a double standard. An operating system requires compilers,
-# | editors, window systems, libraries, and much [-more — hundreds-]
-# | {+more—hundreds+} of programs, even to match what BSD systems
-# | included in 1983. Since Torvalds didn't develop any of those, how can the
-# | system be “Linux”?
#. type: Content of: <div><dl><dd>
msgid ""
"The people who argue that way for calling the system “Linux” are "
@@ -1565,10 +1460,6 @@
"pueda instalarse? <span class=\"anchor-reference-id\">(<a href="
"\"#notinstallable\">#notinstallable</a>)</span>"
-# | Many <a href=\"/distros/distros.html\"> packaged and installable versions
-# | of GNU</a> are available. None of them is called simply
-# | [-“GNU”,-] {+“GNU,”+} but GNU is what they
-# | basically are.
#. type: Content of: <div><dl><dd>
msgid ""
"Many <a href=\"/distros/distros.html\"> packaged and installable versions of "
@@ -1624,9 +1515,6 @@
"sistema GUIX</a> o <abbr title=\"Guix System Distribution\">GuixSD</abbr>. "
"Esto implica volver a empaquetar una parte considerable del sistema GNU."
-# | We never took the last step of packaging GNU under the name
-# | [-“GNU”,-] {+“GNU,”+} but that doesn't alter what
-# | kind of thing GNU is. GNU is an operating system.
#. type: Content of: <div><dl><dd><p>
msgid ""
"We never took the last step of packaging GNU under the name “GNU,"
@@ -1640,21 +1528,14 @@
#. type: Content of: <div><dl><dt>
msgid ""
"We're calling the whole system after the kernel, Linux. Isn't it normal to "
-"name an operating system after a kernel? <span class=\"anchor-reference-id"
-"\">(<a href=\"#afterkernel\">#afterkernel</a>)</span>"
+"name an operating system after a kernel? <span class=\"anchor-reference-id\">"
+"(<a href=\"#afterkernel\">#afterkernel</a>)</span>"
msgstr ""
"Llamamos al sistema completo por el nombre del núcleo, Linux. ¿No es normal
"
"llamar a un sistema operativo por el nombre del núcleo? <span
class=\"anchor-"
"reference-id\">(<a href=\"#afterkernel\">#afterkernel</a>)</span>"
# type: Content of: <dl><dd>
-# | That practice seems to be very rare—we can't find any examples other
-# | than the misuse of the name [-“Linux”.-]
-# | {+“Linux.”+} Normally an operating system is developed as a
-# | single unified project, and the developers choose a name for the system as
-# | a whole. The kernel usually does not have a name of its
-# | own—instead, people say “the kernel of such-and-such” or
-# | “the such-and-such [-kernel”.-] {+kernel.”+}
#. type: Content of: <div><dl><dd>
msgid ""
"That practice seems to be very rare—we can't find any examples other "
@@ -1722,10 +1603,6 @@
"\"#long\">#long</a>)</span>"
# type: Content of: <dl><dd>
-# | For a while we tried the name [-“LiGNUx”,-]
-# | {+“LiGNUx,”+} which combines the words “GNU” and
-# | [-“Linux”.-] {+“Linux.”+} The reaction was very
-# | bad. People accept “GNU/Linux” much better.
#. type: Content of: <div><dl><dd>
msgid ""
"For a while we tried the name “LiGNUx,” which combines the words "
@@ -1737,9 +1614,6 @@
"aceptación."
# type: Content of: <dl><dd><p>
-# | The shortest legitimate name for this system is [-“GNU”,-]
-# | {+“GNU,”+} but we call it “GNU/Linux” <a
-# | href=\"#justgnu\"> for the reasons given below</a>.
#. type: Content of: <div><dl><dd><p>
msgid ""
"The shortest legitimate name for this system is “GNU,” but we "
@@ -1791,9 +1665,6 @@
"tomarme el trabajo de decir «GNU/»? <span class=\"anchor-reference-id\">(<a
"
"href=\"#long2\">#long2</a>)</span>"
-# | It only takes a second to say or type [-“GNU/”.-]
-# | {+“GNU/.”+} If you appreciate the system that we developed,
-# | can't you take one second to recognize our work?
#. type: Content of: <div><dl><dd><p>
msgid ""
"It only takes a second to say or type “GNU/.” If you appreciate "
@@ -1908,11 +1779,6 @@
"contribución al sistema."
# type: Content of: <dl><dd><ul><li>
-# | Since many people know of the system as [-“Linux”,-]
-# | {+“Linux,”+} if we say “GNU” they may simply not
-# | recognize we're talking about the same system. If we say
-# | [-“GNU/Linux”,-] {+“GNU/Linux,”+} they can make a
-# | connection to what they have heard about.
#. type: Content of: <div><dl><dd><ul><li>
msgid ""
"Since many people know of the system as “Linux,” if we say "
@@ -1925,12 +1791,6 @@
"decimos «GNU/Linux», pueden relacionarlo con lo que han oÃdo."
# type: Content of: <dl><dt>
-# | I would have to pay a fee if I use “Linux” in the name of a
-# | product, and that would also apply if I say [-“GNU/Linux”.-]
-# | {+“GNU/Linux.”+} Is it wrong if I use “GNU”
-# | without [-“Linux”,-] {+“Linux,”+} to save the fee?
-# | <span class=\"anchor-reference-id\">(<a
-# | href=\"#trademarkfee\">#trademarkfee</a>)</span>
#. type: Content of: <div><dl><dt>
msgid ""
"I would have to pay a fee if I use “Linux” in the name of a "
@@ -1956,9 +1816,6 @@
"pero no tiene obligación de pagar para poder hacerlo."
# type: Content of: <dl><dd><p>
-# | So if you want to refer to the system simply as [-“GNU”,-]
-# | {+“GNU,”+} to avoid paying the fee for calling it
-# | [-“Linux”,-] {+“Linux,”+} we won't criticize you.
#. type: Content of: <div><dl><dd><p>
msgid ""
"So if you want to refer to the system simply as “GNU,” to avoid "
@@ -1973,8 +1830,8 @@
"Many other projects contributed to the system as it is today; it includes "
"TeX, X11, Apache, Perl, and many more programs. Don't your arguments imply "
"we have to give them credit too? (But that would lead to a name so long it "
-"is absurd.) <span class=\"anchor-reference-id\">(<a href=\"#many\">#many</"
-"a>)</span>"
+"is absurd.) <span class=\"anchor-reference-id\">(<a href=\"#many\">#many</a>)"
+"</span>"
msgstr ""
"Muchos otros proyectos contribuyeron al sistema tal como hoy lo conocemos; "
"entre ellos están TeX, X11, Apache, Perl y muchos programas más. ¿Sus "
@@ -2026,12 +1883,6 @@
"no le plantearemos objeciones."
# type: Content of: <dl><dd><p>
-# | Different threshold levels would lead to different choices of name for the
-# | system. But one name that cannot result from concerns of fairness and
-# | giving credit, not for any possible threshold level, is
-# | [-“Linux”.-] {+“Linux.”+} It can't be fair to give
-# | all the credit to one secondary contribution (Linux) while omitting the
-# | principal contribution (GNU).
#. type: Content of: <div><dl><dd><p>
msgid ""
"Different threshold levels would lead to different choices of name for the "
@@ -2058,11 +1909,6 @@
"en la actualidad; ¿estamos obligados a llamarlo GNU/systemd/Linux? <span "
"class=\"anchor-reference-id\">(<a href=\"#others\">#others</a>)</span>"
-# | systemd is a fairly important component, but not as important as the
-# | kernel (Linux), nor as important as the basis of the system as a whole
-# | (GNU). However, if you want to emphasize the presence of systemd by
-# | calling the system [-“GNU/systemd/Linux”,-]
-# | {+“GNU/systemd/Linux,”+} there is nothing wrong with doing so.
#. type: Content of: <div><dl><dd><p>
msgid ""
"systemd is a fairly important component, but not as important as the kernel "
@@ -2123,10 +1969,6 @@
"\"#allsmall\">#allsmall</a>)</span>"
# type: Content of: <dl><dd>
-# | In 2008, we found that GNU packages made up 15% of the “main”
-# | repository of the gNewSense GNU/Linux distribution. Linux made up 1.5%.
-# | So the same argument would apply even more strongly to calling it
-# | [-“Linux”.-] {+“Linux.”+}
#. type: Content of: <div><dl><dd>
msgid ""
"In 2008, we found that GNU packages made up 15% of the “main” "
@@ -2202,11 +2044,6 @@
"reference-id\">(<a href=\"#whyslash\">#whyslash</a>)</span>"
# type: Content of: <dl><dd>
-# | Following the rules of English, in the construction “GNU
-# | Linux” the word “GNU” modifies [-“Linux”.-]
-# | {+“Linux.”+} This can mean either “GNU's version of
-# | Linux” or “Linux, which is a GNU package.” Neither of
-# | those meanings fits the situation at hand.
#. type: Content of: <div><dl><dd>
msgid ""
"Following the rules of English, in the construction “GNU Linux” "
@@ -2233,13 +2070,6 @@
"De modo que el significado «Linux, que es un paquete de GNU» no es
correcto."
# type: Content of: <dl><dd><p>
-# | We're not talking about a distinct GNU version of Linux, the kernel. The
-# | free GNU/Linux distros do have a <a
-# | href=\"https://directory.fsf.org/wiki/Linux-libre\";>separate version of
-# | Linux</a>, since the “standard” version contains nonfree
-# | firmware [-“blobs”.-] {+“blobs.”+} If this were
-# | part of the GNU Project, it could be considered “GNU Linux”;
-# | but we would not want to call it that, because it would be too confusing.
#. type: Content of: <div><dl><dd><p>
msgid ""
"We're not talking about a distinct GNU version of Linux, the kernel. The "
@@ -2258,12 +2088,6 @@
"Linux»; pero no queremos llamarlo asà porque serÃa demasiado confuso."
# type: Content of: <dl><dd><p>
-# | We're talking about a version of GNU, the operating system, distinguished
-# | by having Linux as the kernel. A slash fits the situation because it
-# | means “combination.” (Think of
-# | [-“Input/Output”.)-] {+“Input/Output.”)+} This
-# | system is the combination of GNU and Linux; hence,
-# | [-“GNU/Linux”.-] {+“GNU/Linux.”+}
#. type: Content of: <div><dl><dd><p>
msgid ""
"We're talking about a version of GNU, the operating system, distinguished by "
@@ -2277,11 +2101,6 @@
"combinación de GNU con Linux, por eso «GNU/Linux»."
# type: Content of: <dl><dd><p>
-# | There are other ways to express [-“combination”.-]
-# | {+“combination.”+} If you think that a plus-sign is clearer,
-# | please use that. In French, a hyphen is clear:
-# | [-“GNU-Linux”.-] {+“GNU-Linux.”+} In Spanish, we
-# | sometimes say “GNU con [-Linux”.-] {+Linux.”+}
#. type: Content of: <div><dl><dd><p>
msgid ""
"There are other ways to express “combination.” If you think that "
@@ -2323,10 +2142,6 @@
"reference-id\">(<a href=\"#whyslash\">#whyslash</a>)</span>"
# type: Content of: <dl><dd>
-# | Following the rules of English, in the construction “GNU
-# | Emacs” the word “GNU” modifies [-“Emacs”.-]
-# | {+“Emacs.”+} That is the right way to describe a program
-# | called Emacs which is a GNU package.
#. type: Content of: <div><dl><dd><p>
msgid ""
"Following the rules of English, in the construction “GNU Emacs” "
@@ -2378,10 +2193,6 @@
"inferior del sistema, mientras que GNU cubre niveles técnicamente
superiores."
# type: Content of: <dl><dd><p>
-# | However, if you prefer to call the system [-“Linux/GNU”,-]
-# | {+“Linux/GNU,”+} that is a lot better than what people usually
-# | do, which is to omit GNU entirely and make it seem that the whole system
-# | is Linux.
#. type: Content of: <div><dl><dd><p>
msgid ""
"However, if you prefer to call the system “Linux/GNU,” that is a "
@@ -2393,11 +2204,6 @@
"GNU y dar la impresión de que el sistema completo es Linux."
# type: Content of: <dl><dt>
-# | My distro's developers call it “Foobar [-Linux”,-]
-# | {+Linux,”+} but that doesn't say anything about what the system
-# | consists of. Why shouldn't they call it whatever they like? <span
-# | class=\"anchor-reference-id\">(<a
-# | href=\"#distronames0\">#distronames0</a>)</span>
#. type: Content of: <div><dl><dt>
msgid ""
"My distro's developers call it “Foobar Linux,” but that doesn't "
@@ -2464,11 +2270,6 @@
"a la distribución de otra manera que no sea «XYZ Linux»? <span class="
"\"anchor-reference-id\">(<a href=\"#distronames1\">#distronames1</a>)</span>"
-# | When they spread misinformation by changing “GNU” to
-# | [-“Linux”,-] {+“Linux,”+} and call their version
-# | of it “Foobar [-Linux”,-] {+Linux,”+} it's proper for
-# | you to correct the misinformation by calling it “Foobar
-# | [-GNU/Linux”.-] {+GNU/Linux.”+}
#. type: Content of: <div><dl><dd><p>
msgid ""
"When they spread misinformation by changing “GNU” to “"
@@ -2513,11 +2314,6 @@
"compañÃa no le preocupaba qué era lo correcto."
# type: Content of: <dl><dd><p>
-# | We can't make them do this right, but we're not the sort to give up just
-# | because the road isn't easy. You may not have as much influence at your
-# | disposal as IBM or Red Hat, but you can still help. Together we can
-# | change the situation to the point where companies will make more profit
-# | calling it [-“GNU/Linux”.-] {+“GNU/Linux.”+}
#. type: Content of: <div><dl><dd><p>
msgid ""
"We can't make them do this right, but we're not the sort to give up just "
@@ -2537,8 +2333,8 @@
msgid ""
"Wouldn't it be better to reserve the name “GNU/Linux” for "
"distributions that are purely free software? After all, that is the ideal of "
-"GNU. <span class=\"anchor-reference-id\">(<a href=\"#reserve\">#reserve</"
-"a>)</span>"
+"GNU. <span class=\"anchor-reference-id\">(<a href=\"#reserve\">#reserve</a>)"
+"</span>"
msgstr ""
"¿No serÃa mejor reservar el nombre «GNU/Linux» para las distribuciones
que "
"consistan exclusivamente en software libre? Al fin y al cabo, ese es el "
@@ -2546,15 +2342,6 @@
"\">#reserve</a>)</span>"
# type: Content of: <dl><dd>
-# | The widespread practice of adding nonfree software to the GNU/Linux system
-# | is a major problem for our community. It teaches the users that nonfree
-# | software is ok, and that using it is part of the spirit of
-# | [-“Linux”.-] {+“Linux.”+} Many “Linux”
-# | User Groups make it part of their mission to help users use nonfree
-# | add-ons, and may even invite salesmen to come and make sales pitches for
-# | them. They adopt goals such as “helping the users” of
-# | GNU/Linux (including helping them use nonfree applications and drivers),
-# | or making the system more popular even at the cost of freedom.
#. type: Content of: <div><dl><dd>
msgid ""
"The widespread practice of adding nonfree software to the GNU/Linux system "
@@ -2599,14 +2386,6 @@
"GNU."
# type: Content of: <dl><dd><p>
-# | The way to lead these users to see a connection with freedom is exactly
-# | the opposite: to inform them that all these system versions <em>are</em>
-# | versions of GNU, that they all are based on a system that exists
-# | specifically for the sake of the users' freedom. With this understanding,
-# | they can start to recognize the distributions that include nonfree
-# | software as perverted, adulterated versions of GNU, instead of thinking
-# | they are proper and appropriate “versions of [-Linux”.-]
-# | {+Linux.”+}
#. type: Content of: <div><dl><dd><p>
msgid ""
"The way to lead these users to see a connection with freedom is exactly the "
@@ -2717,11 +2496,6 @@
"hecho. (Por desgracia, no podemos volver atrás)."
# type: Content of: <dl><dd><p>
-# | If we were to take an existing version of GNU/Linux and relabel it as
-# | [-“GNU”,-] {+“GNU,”+} that would be somewhat like
-# | making a version of the GNU system and labeling it
-# | [-“Linux”.-] {+“Linux.”+} That wasn't right, and
-# | we don't want to act like that.
#. type: Content of: <div><dl><dd><p>
msgid ""
"If we were to take an existing version of GNU/Linux and relabel it as “"
@@ -2763,14 +2537,6 @@
"hoc y no portables; para instalarlas antes habÃa que limpiarlas."
# type: Content of: <dl><dd><p>
-# | The people who had made the changes showed little interest in cooperating
-# | with us. One of them actually told us that he didn't care about working
-# | with the GNU Project because he was a “Linux [-user”.-]
-# | {+user.”+} That came as a shock, because the people who ported GNU
-# | packages to other systems had generally wanted to work with us to get
-# | their changes installed. Yet these people, developing a system that was
-# | primarily based on GNU, were the first (and still practically the only)
-# | group that was unwilling to work with us.
#. type: Content of: <div><dl><dd><p>
msgid ""
"The people who had made the changes showed little interest in cooperating "
@@ -2791,12 +2557,6 @@
"prácticamente el único) que no querÃa trabajar con nosotros."
# type: Content of: <dl><dd><p>
-# | It was this experience that first showed us that people were calling a
-# | version of the GNU system [-“Linux”,-]
-# | {+“Linux,”+} and that this confusion was obstructing our work.
-# | Asking you to call the system “GNU/Linux” is our response to
-# | that problem, and to the other problems caused by the “Linux”
-# | misnomer.
#. type: Content of: <div><dl><dd><p>
msgid ""
"It was this experience that first showed us that people were calling a "
@@ -2818,8 +2578,8 @@
"<span class=\"anchor-reference-id\">(<a href=\"#wait\">#wait</a>)</span>"
msgstr ""
"¿Por qué esperaron tanto antes de pedir a la gente que empleara el nombre "
-"GNU/Linux? <span class=\"anchor-reference-id\">(<a href=\"#wait\">#wait</"
-"a>)</span>"
+"GNU/Linux? <span class=\"anchor-reference-id\">(<a href=\"#wait\">#wait</a>)"
+"</span>"
# type: Content of: <dl><dd><p>
#. type: Content of: <div><dl><dd><p>
@@ -2844,10 +2604,6 @@
"\">#allgpled</a>)</span>"
# type: Content of: <dl><dd>
-# | We never refer to individual programs as
-# | [-“GNU/<i>name</i>”.-] {+“GNU/<i>name</i>.”+} When
-# | a program is a GNU package, we may call it “GNU
-# | [-<i>name</i>”.-] {+<i>name</i>.”+}
#. type: Content of: <div><dl><dd>
msgid ""
"We never refer to individual programs as “GNU/<i>name</i>.” When "
@@ -2947,8 +2703,8 @@
#. type: Content of: <div><dl><dt>
msgid ""
"Since much of GNU comes from Unix, shouldn't GNU give credit to Unix by "
-"using “Unix” in its name? <span class=\"anchor-reference-id"
-"\">(<a href=\"#unix\">#unix</a>)</span>"
+"using “Unix” in its name? <span class=\"anchor-reference-id\">"
+"(<a href=\"#unix\">#unix</a>)</span>"
msgstr ""
"Como buena parte de GNU procede de Unix, ¿no deberÃa GNU darle "
"reconocimiento incluyendo «Unix» en su nombre? <span class=\"anchor-"
@@ -2973,12 +2729,6 @@
"ellos; habÃa que escribirlo todo desde cero."
# type: Content of: <dl><dd><p>
-# | No code in GNU comes from Unix, but GNU is a Unix-compatible system;
-# | therefore, many of the ideas and specifications of GNU do come from Unix.
-# | The name [-“GNU”,-] {+“GNU,”+} which stands for
-# | “GNU's Not [-Unix”,-] {+Unix,”+} is a humorous way of
-# | giving credit to Unix for this, following a hacker tradition of recursive
-# | acronyms that started in the 70s.
#. type: Content of: <div><dl><dd><p>
msgid ""
"No code in GNU comes from Unix, but GNU is a Unix-compatible system; "
@@ -2994,14 +2744,6 @@
"tradición hacker de acrónimos recursivos que comenzó en los años setenta."
# type: Content of: <dl><dd><p>
-# | The first such recursive acronym was TINT, “TINT Is Not
-# | [-TECO”.-] {+TECO.”+} The author of TINT wrote another
-# | implementation of TECO (there were already many of them, for various
-# | systems), but instead of calling it by a dull name like
-# | “<em>somethingorother</em> [-TECO”,-] {+TECO,”+} he
-# | thought of a clever amusing name. (That's what hacking means: <a
-# | href=\"https://stallman.org/articles/on-hacking.html\";>playful
-# | cleverness</a>.)
#. type: Content of: <div><dl><dd><p>
msgid ""
"The first such recursive acronym was TINT, “TINT Is Not TECO.” "
@@ -3019,13 +2761,6 @@
"stallman.org/articles/on-hacking.html\">inteligencia lúdica</a>.)"
# type: Content of: <dl><dd><p>
-# | Other hackers enjoyed that name so much that we imitated the approach. It
-# | became a tradition that, when you were writing from scratch a program that
-# | was similar to some existing program (let's imagine its name was
-# | “Klever”), you could give it a recursive acronym name, such as
-# | “MINK” for “MINK Is Not Klever.” In this same
-# | spirit we called our replacement for Unix “GNU's Not
-# | [-Unix”.-] {+Unix.”+}
#. type: Content of: <div><dl><dd><p>
msgid ""
"Other hackers enjoyed that name so much that we imitated the approach. It "
@@ -3044,13 +2779,6 @@
"cite>» (GNU No es Unix)."
# type: Content of: <dl><dd><p>
-# | Historically, AT&T which developed Unix did not want anyone to give it
-# | credit by using “Unix” in the name of a similar system, not
-# | even in a system 99% copied from Unix. AT&T actually threatened to
-# | sue anyone giving AT&T credit in that way. This is why each of the
-# | various modified versions of Unix (all proprietary, like Unix) had a
-# | completely different name that didn't include [-“Unix”.-]
-# | {+“Unix.”+}
#. type: Content of: <div><dl><dd><p>
msgid ""
"Historically, AT&T which developed Unix did not want anyone to give it "
@@ -3070,8 +2798,8 @@
# type: Content of: <dl><dt>
#. type: Content of: <div><dl><dt>
msgid ""
-"Should we say “GNU/BSD” too? <span class=\"anchor-reference-id"
-"\">(<a href=\"#bsd\">#bsd</a>)</span>"
+"Should we say “GNU/BSD” too? <span class=\"anchor-reference-id\">"
+"(<a href=\"#bsd\">#bsd</a>)</span>"
msgstr ""
"¿DeberÃamos decir también «GNU/BSD»? <span
class=\"anchor-reference-id\">(<a "
"href=\"#bsd\">#bsd</a>)</span>"
@@ -3138,12 +2866,6 @@
"«GNU/Linux» es apropiado."
# type: Content of: <dl><dd><p>
-# | There is a version of GNU which uses the kernel from NetBSD. Its
-# | developers call it “Debian [-GNU/NetBSD”,-]
-# | {+GNU/NetBSD,”+} but “GNU/kernelofNetBSD” would be more
-# | accurate, since NetBSD is an entire system, not just the kernel. This is
-# | not a BSD system, since most of the system is the same as the GNU/Linux
-# | system.
#. type: Content of: <div><dl><dd><p>
msgid ""
"There is a version of GNU which uses the kernel from NetBSD. Its developers "
@@ -3170,12 +2892,6 @@
"href=\"#othersys\">#othersys</a>)</span>"
# type: Content of: <dl><dd>
-# | Not in the same sense that we mean by [-“GNU/Linux”.-]
-# | {+“GNU/Linux.”+} The tools of GNU are just a part of the GNU
-# | software, which is just a part of the GNU system, and underneath them you
-# | would still have another complete operating system which has no code in
-# | common with GNU. All in all, that's a very different situation from
-# | GNU/Linux.
#. type: Content of: <div><dl><dd><p>
msgid ""
"Not in the same sense that we mean by “GNU/Linux.” The tools of "
@@ -3289,11 +3005,6 @@
"Android es muy diferente del sistema GNU/Linux porque ambos tienen muy poco "
"código en común. De hecho, lo único que tienen en común es Linux."
-# | If you call the whole GNU/Linux system [-“Linux”,-]
-# | {+“Linux,”+} you will find it necessary to say things like,
-# | “Android contains Linux, but it isn't Linux, because it doesn't have
-# | the usual Linux [sic] libraries and utilities [meaning the GNU
-# | system].”
#. type: Content of: <div><dl><dd><p>
msgid ""
"If you call the whole GNU/Linux system “Linux,” you will find it "
@@ -3339,10 +3050,6 @@
"De ningún modo. Ese uso es tan forzado que la gente no entenderá lo que se "
"quiere decir."
-# | The public will find it very strange to speak of using Android as
-# | “using [-Linux”.-] {+Linux.”+} It's like having a
-# | conversation, then saying you were conversing with the person's intestines
-# | or the person's circulatory system.
#. type: Content of: <div><dl><dd><p>
msgid ""
"The public will find it very strange to speak of using Android as “"
@@ -3354,9 +3061,6 @@
"ha estado conversando con los intestinos o el sistema circulatorio de la "
"persona en cuestión."
-# | The public <em>will</em> understand the idea of “using Linux”
-# | when it's really GNU/Linux, by way of the usual misunderstanding: thinking
-# | of the whole system as [-“Linux”.-] {+“Linux.”+}
#. type: Content of: <div><dl><dd><p>
msgid ""
"The public <em>will</em> understand the idea of “using Linux” "
@@ -3367,16 +3071,6 @@
"realidad se trata de GNU/Linux, debido al malentendido habitual: pensar en "
"que el sistema en conjunto es «Linux»."
-# | Use of Android and use of GNU/Linux are totally different, as different as
-# | driving a car and riding a bicycle. The fact that the first two both
-# | contain Linux is irrelevant to using them, just as the fact that a car and
-# | a bicycle both have a structure of metal is irrelevant to using those two.
-# | If you wish to talk about using cars and bikes, you wouldn't speak of
-# | “riding metal [-objects” — not-]
-# | {+objects”—not+} unless you're playing games with the reader.
-# | You would say, “using cars and bikes.” Likewise, the clear way
-# | to talk about using GNU/Linux and Android is to say “using GNU/Linux
-# | and Android.”
#. type: Content of: <div><dl><dd><p>
msgid ""
"Use of Android and use of GNU/Linux are totally different, as different as "
@@ -3483,11 +3177,6 @@
"\">#claimlinux</a>)</span>"
# type: Content of: <dl><dd>
-# | It would be wrong, so we don't do that. Torvalds' work is Linux, the
-# | kernel; we are careful not to attribute that work to the GNU Project or
-# | label it as [-“GNU”.-] {+“GNU.”+} When we talk
-# | about the whole system, the name “GNU/Linux” gives him a share
-# | of the credit.
#. type: Content of: <div><dl><dd><p>
msgid ""
"It would be wrong, so we don't do that. Torvalds' work is Linux, the "
@@ -3510,13 +3199,6 @@
"\"anchor-reference-id\">(<a href=\"#linusagreed\">#linusagreed</a>)</span>"
# type: Content of: <dl><dd><p>
-# | He recognized this at the beginning. The {+<a
-# |
href=\"https://ftp.funet.fi/pub/linux/historical/kernel/old-versions/RELNOTES-0.01\";>+}
-# | earliest Linux release [-notes said, <a
-# |
href=\"https://ftp.funet.fi/pub/linux/historical/kernel/old-versions/RELNOTES-0.01\";>
-# | “Most of the tools used with linux are GNU software and are under
-# | the GNU copyleft. These tools aren't in the distribution - ask me (or GNU)
-# | for more info”</a>.-] {+notes</a> said:+}
#. type: Content of: <div><dl><dd><p>
msgid ""
"He recognized this at the beginning. The <a href=\"https://ftp.funet.fi/pub/";
@@ -3528,12 +3210,6 @@
"a> decÃa:"
# type: Content of: <dl><dd><p>
-# | [-He recognized this at the beginning. The earliest Linux release notes
-# | said, <a
-# |
href=\"https://ftp.funet.fi/pub/linux/historical/kernel/old-versions/RELNOTES-0.01\";>
-# | “Most-]{+Most+} of the tools used with linux are GNU software and
-# | are under the GNU copyleft. These tools aren't in the distribution - ask
-# | me (or GNU) for more [-info”</a>.-] {+info.+}
#. type: Content of: <div><dl><dd><blockquote><p>
msgid ""
"Most of the tools used with linux are GNU software and are under the GNU "
@@ -3583,21 +3259,14 @@
#. type: Content of: <div><dl><dt>
msgid ""
"The battle is already lost—society has made its decision and we can't "
-"change it, so why even think about it? <span class=\"anchor-reference-id"
-"\">(<a href=\"#lost\">#lost</a>)</span>"
+"change it, so why even think about it? <span class=\"anchor-reference-id\">"
+"(<a href=\"#lost\">#lost</a>)</span>"
msgstr ""
"La batalla ya está perdida, la sociedad ya tomó una decisión y no podemos "
"cambiarla. Entonces ¿por qué siquiera pensar en ello? <span class=\"anchor-"
"reference-id\">(<a href=\"#lost\">#lost</a>)</span>"
# type: Content of: <dl><dd>
-# | This isn't a battle, it is a campaign of education. What to call the
-# | system is not a single decision, to be made at one moment by
-# | “society”: each person, each organization, can decide what
-# | name to use. You can't make others say [-“GNU/Linux”,-]
-# | {+“GNU/Linux,”+} but you can decide to call the system
-# | “GNU/Linux” yourself—and by doing so, you will help
-# | educate others.
#. type: Content of: <div><dl><dd><p>
msgid ""
"This isn't a battle, it is a campaign of education. What to call the system "
@@ -3625,15 +3294,6 @@
"\"#whatgood\">#whatgood</a>)</span>"
# type: Content of: <dl><dd>
-# | This is not an all-or-nothing situation: correct and incorrect pictures
-# | are being spread more or less by various people. If you call the system
-# | [-“GNU/Linux”,-] {+“GNU/Linux,”+} you will help
-# | others learn the system's true history, origin, and reason for being. You
-# | can't correct the misnomer everywhere on your own, any more than we can,
-# | but you can help. If only a few hundred people see you use the term
-# | [-“GNU/Linux”,-] {+“GNU/Linux,”+} you will have
-# | educated a substantial number of people with very little work. And some
-# | of them will spread the correction to others.
#. type: Content of: <div><dl><dd><p>
msgid ""
"This is not an all-or-nothing situation: correct and incorrect pictures are "
@@ -3667,10 +3327,6 @@
"\"#explain\">#explain</a>)</span>"
# type: Content of: <dl><dd>
-# | If you help us by explaining to others in that way, we appreciate your
-# | effort, but that is not the best method. It is not as effective as
-# | calling the system [-“GNU/Linux”,-]
-# | {+“GNU/Linux,”+} and uses your time inefficiently.
#. type: Content of: <div><dl><dd>
msgid ""
"If you help us by explaining to others in that way, we appreciate your "
@@ -3682,13 +3338,6 @@
"Linux», y emplea su tiempo de manera poco eficiente."
# type: Content of: <dl><dd><p>
-# | It is ineffective because it may not sink in, and surely will not
-# | propagate. Some of the people who hear your explanation will pay
-# | attention, and they may learn a correct picture of the system's origin.
-# | But they are unlikely to repeat the explanation to others whenever they
-# | talk about the system. They will probably just call it
-# | [-“Linux”.-] {+“Linux.”+} Without particularly
-# | intending to, they will help spread the incorrect picture.
#. type: Content of: <div><dl><dd><p>
msgid ""
"It is ineffective because it may not sink in, and surely will not "
@@ -3844,9 +3493,6 @@
"class=\"anchor-reference-id\">(<a href=\"#force\">#force</a>)</span>"
# type: Content of: <dl><dd>
-# | It would be wrong to force them, and we don't try. We call the system
-# | [-“GNU/Linux”,-] {+“GNU/Linux,”+} and we ask you
-# | to do it too.
#. type: Content of: <div><dl><dd><p>
msgid ""
"It would be wrong to force them, and we don't try. We call the system "
@@ -3941,10 +3587,6 @@
"expresión «licencia BSD» sin especificar a cuál se refiere. "
# type: Content of: <dl><dt>
-# | Since you failed to put something in the GNU GPL to require people to call
-# | the system [-“GNU”,-] {+“GNU,”+} you deserve what
-# | happened; why are you complaining now? <span
-# | class=\"anchor-reference-id\">(<a href=\"#deserve\">#deserve</a>)</span>
#. type: Content of: <div><dl><dt>
msgid ""
"Since you failed to put something in the GNU GPL to require people to call "
@@ -3979,8 +3621,8 @@
#. type: Content of: <div><dl><dt>
msgid ""
"Wouldn't you be better off not contradicting what so many people believe? "
-"<span class=\"anchor-reference-id\">(<a href=\"#contradict\">#contradict</"
-"a>)</span>"
+"<span class=\"anchor-reference-id\">(<a href=\"#contradict\">#contradict</a>)"
+"</span>"
msgstr ""
"¿No serÃa mejor que no contradijeran lo que creen tantas personas? <span "
"class=\"anchor-reference-id\">(<a href=\"#contradict\">#contradict</a>)</"
@@ -4008,10 +3650,6 @@
"legÃtimo y aceptable."
# type: Content of: <dl><dt>
-# | Since many people call it [-“Linux”,-]
-# | {+“Linux,”+} doesn't that make it right? <span
-# | class=\"anchor-reference-id\">(<a
-# | href=\"#somanyright\">#somanyright</a>)</span>
#. type: Content of: <div><dl><dt>
msgid ""
"Since many people call it “Linux,” doesn't that make it right? "
@@ -4038,11 +3676,6 @@
"usuarios ya conocen?<span class=\"anchor-reference-id\">(<a href=\"#knownname"
"\">#knownname</a>)</span>"
-# | Users are not incapable of learning. Since “GNU/Linux”
-# | includes [-“Linux”,-] {+“Linux,”+} they will
-# | recognize what you're talking about. If you add “(often erroneously
-# | referred to as ‘Linux’)” once in a while, they will all
-# | understand.
#. type: Content of: <div><dl><dd><p>
msgid ""
"Users are not incapable of learning. Since “GNU/Linux” includes "
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