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Subject: |
www/philosophy drdobbs-letter.zh-tw.html ebooks... |
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Date: |
Mon, 1 Nov 2021 13:29:56 -0400 (EDT) |
CVSROOT: /web/www
Module name: www
Changes by: GNUN <gnun> 21/11/01 13:29:56
Modified files:
philosophy : drdobbs-letter.zh-tw.html
ebooks-must-increase-freedom.zh-tw.html
ebooks.ar.html
Added files:
philosophy/po : drdobbs-letter.zh-tw-diff.html
ebooks-must-increase-freedom.zh-tw-diff.html
ebooks.ar-diff.html
Log message:
Automatic update by GNUnited Nations.
CVSWeb URLs:
http://web.cvs.savannah.gnu.org/viewcvs/www/philosophy/drdobbs-letter.zh-tw.html?cvsroot=www&r1=1.4&r2=1.5
http://web.cvs.savannah.gnu.org/viewcvs/www/philosophy/ebooks-must-increase-freedom.zh-tw.html?cvsroot=www&r1=1.1&r2=1.2
http://web.cvs.savannah.gnu.org/viewcvs/www/philosophy/ebooks.ar.html?cvsroot=www&r1=1.22&r2=1.23
http://web.cvs.savannah.gnu.org/viewcvs/www/philosophy/po/drdobbs-letter.zh-tw-diff.html?cvsroot=www&rev=1.1
http://web.cvs.savannah.gnu.org/viewcvs/www/philosophy/po/ebooks-must-increase-freedom.zh-tw-diff.html?cvsroot=www&rev=1.1
http://web.cvs.savannah.gnu.org/viewcvs/www/philosophy/po/ebooks.ar-diff.html?cvsroot=www&rev=1.1
Patches:
Index: drdobbs-letter.zh-tw.html
===================================================================
RCS file: /web/www/www/philosophy/drdobbs-letter.zh-tw.html,v
retrieving revision 1.4
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diff -u -b -r1.4 -r1.5
--- drdobbs-letter.zh-tw.html 27 Aug 2019 15:31:20 -0000 1.4
+++ drdobbs-letter.zh-tw.html 1 Nov 2021 17:29:56 -0000 1.5
@@ -1,4 +1,9 @@
-<!--#set var="ENGLISH_PAGE" value="/philosophy/drdobbs-letter.en.html" -->
+<!--#set var="PO_FILE"
+ value='<a href="/philosophy/po/drdobbs-letter.zh-tw.po">
+ https://www.gnu.org/philosophy/po/drdobbs-letter.zh-tw.po</a>'
+ --><!--#set var="ORIGINAL_FILE" value="/philosophy/drdobbs-letter.html"
+ --><!--#set var="DIFF_FILE"
value="/philosophy/po/drdobbs-letter.zh-tw-diff.html"
+ --><!--#set var="OUTDATED_SINCE" value="2021-09-02" --><!--#set
var="ENGLISH_PAGE" value="/philosophy/drdobbs-letter.en.html" -->
<!--#include virtual="/server/header.zh-tw.html" -->
<!-- Parent-Version: 1.77 -->
@@ -8,6 +13,7 @@
<!--#include virtual="/philosophy/po/drdobbs-letter.translist" -->
<!--#include virtual="/server/banner.zh-tw.html" -->
+<!--#include virtual="/server/outdated.zh-tw.html" -->
<h2>給 Dr. Dobb's æå編輯çå
¬éä¿¡</h2>
<p>
@@ -125,7 +131,7 @@
<p class="unprintable"><!-- timestamp start -->
æ´æ°æé︰
-$Date: 2019/08/27 15:31:20 $
+$Date: 2021/11/01 17:29:56 $
<!-- timestamp end -->
</p>
Index: ebooks-must-increase-freedom.zh-tw.html
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diff -u -b -r1.1 -r1.2
--- ebooks-must-increase-freedom.zh-tw.html 22 Apr 2021 12:29:53 -0000
1.1
+++ ebooks-must-increase-freedom.zh-tw.html 1 Nov 2021 17:29:56 -0000
1.2
@@ -1,4 +1,9 @@
-<!--#set var="ENGLISH_PAGE"
value="/philosophy/ebooks-must-increase-freedom.en.html" -->
+<!--#set var="PO_FILE"
+ value='<a href="/philosophy/po/ebooks-must-increase-freedom.zh-tw.po">
+ https://www.gnu.org/philosophy/po/ebooks-must-increase-freedom.zh-tw.po</a>'
+ --><!--#set var="ORIGINAL_FILE"
value="/philosophy/ebooks-must-increase-freedom.html"
+ --><!--#set var="DIFF_FILE"
value="/philosophy/po/ebooks-must-increase-freedom.zh-tw-diff.html"
+ --><!--#set var="OUTDATED_SINCE" value="2021-09-02" --><!--#set
var="ENGLISH_PAGE" value="/philosophy/ebooks-must-increase-freedom.en.html" -->
<!--#include virtual="/server/header.zh-tw.html" -->
<!-- Parent-Version: 1.84 -->
@@ -8,6 +13,7 @@
<!--#include virtual="/philosophy/po/ebooks-must-increase-freedom.translist"
-->
<!--#include virtual="/server/banner.zh-tw.html" -->
+<!--#include virtual="/server/outdated.zh-tw.html" -->
<h2>é»åæ¸å¿
é å¢å¼·æåçèªç±ï¼èééä½</h2>
<p>ä½è
çº <a href="http://www.stallman.org/";><strong>Richard
Stallman</strong></a></p>
@@ -137,7 +143,7 @@
<p class="unprintable"><!-- timestamp start -->
æ´æ°æé︰
-$Date: 2021/04/22 12:29:53 $
+$Date: 2021/11/01 17:29:56 $
<!-- timestamp end -->
</p>
Index: ebooks.ar.html
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RCS file: /web/www/www/philosophy/ebooks.ar.html,v
retrieving revision 1.22
retrieving revision 1.23
diff -u -b -r1.22 -r1.23
--- ebooks.ar.html 30 May 2021 17:01:44 -0000 1.22
+++ ebooks.ar.html 1 Nov 2021 17:29:56 -0000 1.23
@@ -1,4 +1,9 @@
-<!--#set var="ENGLISH_PAGE" value="/philosophy/ebooks.en.html" -->
+<!--#set var="PO_FILE"
+ value='<a href="/philosophy/po/ebooks.ar.po">
+ https://www.gnu.org/philosophy/po/ebooks.ar.po</a>'
+ --><!--#set var="ORIGINAL_FILE" value="/philosophy/ebooks.html"
+ --><!--#set var="DIFF_FILE" value="/philosophy/po/ebooks.ar-diff.html"
+ --><!--#set var="OUTDATED_SINCE" value="2021-09-02" --><!--#set
var="ENGLISH_PAGE" value="/philosophy/ebooks.en.html" -->
<!--#include virtual="/server/header.ar.html" -->
<!-- Parent-Version: 1.79 -->
@@ -8,6 +13,7 @@
<!--#include virtual="/philosophy/po/ebooks.translist" -->
<!--#include virtual="/server/banner.ar.html" -->
+<!--#include virtual="/server/outdated.ar.html" -->
<h2>اÙÙتب اÙØ¥ÙÙترÙÙÙØ©: اÙØرÙØ© Ø£Ù ØÙÙÙ
اÙÙشر</h2>
<p>بÙÙÙ
<a href="http://www.stallman.org/";><strong>رÙتشارد
ستاÙÙ
Ù</strong></a></p>
@@ -153,7 +159,7 @@
<p class="unprintable"><!-- timestamp start -->
ØÙدÙثت:
-$Date: 2021/05/30 17:01:44 $
+$Date: 2021/11/01 17:29:56 $
<!-- timestamp end -->
</p>
Index: po/drdobbs-letter.zh-tw-diff.html
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RCS file: po/drdobbs-letter.zh-tw-diff.html
diff -N po/drdobbs-letter.zh-tw-diff.html
--- /dev/null 1 Jan 1970 00:00:00 -0000
+++ po/drdobbs-letter.zh-tw-diff.html 1 Nov 2021 17:29:56 -0000 1.1
@@ -0,0 +1,172 @@
+<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Strict//EN"
+ "http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-strict.dtd";>
+<!-- Generated by GNUN -->
+<html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"; xml:lang="en" lang="en">
+<head>
+<meta http-equiv="content-type" content="text/html; charset=utf-8" />
+<title>/philosophy/drdobbs-letter.html-diff</title>
+<style type="text/css">
+span.removed { background-color: #f22; color: #000; }
+span.inserted { background-color: #2f2; color: #000; }
+</style></head>
+<body><pre>
+<!--#include virtual="/server/header.html" -->
+<!-- Parent-Version: <span
class="removed"><del><strong>1.77</strong></del></span> <span
class="inserted"><ins><em>1.96 -->
+<!-- This page is derived from /server/standards/boilerplate.html -->
+<!--#set var="TAGS" value="essays aboutfs free-open" -->
+<!--#set var="DISABLE_TOP_ADDENDUM" value="yes"</em></ins></span> -->
+<title>Letter to the Editor of Dr. Dobb's Journal
+- GNU Project - Free Software Foundation</title>
+<!--#include virtual="/philosophy/po/drdobbs-letter.translist" -->
+<!--#include virtual="/server/banner.html" -->
+<span class="inserted"><ins><em><!--#include
virtual="/philosophy/ph-breadcrumb.html" -->
+<!--GNUN: OUT-OF-DATE NOTICE-->
+<!--#include virtual="/server/top-addendum.html" -->
+<div class="article reduced-width"></em></ins></span>
+<h2>Letter to the Editor of Dr. Dobb's Journal</h2>
+<span class="inserted"><ins><em><div
class="thin"></div></em></ins></span>
+
+<p>
+Dear Editor,
+</p>
+<p>
+I am sure you don't realize how ironic it is to associate me and Tim
+O'Reilly with “open <span
class="removed"><del><strong>source”.</strong></del></span> <span
class="inserted"><ins><em>source.”</em></ins></span>
+</p>
+<p>
+If the House Un-American Activities Committee asked me, “Are you
+now or have you ever been a supporter of the open source
+movement,” I could proudly and cheerfully say no. I've been
+campaigning since 1984 for <em>free software</em>—free as in
+freedom. (See the GNU Manifesto, Dr. Dobb's Journal, Sept. 1985.)
+</p>
+<p>
+Free software means, roughly, that you are free to study what it does,
+free to change it, free to redistribute it, and free to publish
+improved versions.
+(See <a
href="/philosophy/free-sw.html">http://www.gnu.org/philosophy/free-sw.html</a>
+for more details.) You deserve these freedoms; everyone deserves
+them. I wrote the GNU General Public License (GNU GPL), the target
+of <a href="/philosophy/gpl-american-way.html">Microsoft's greatest
+ire</a>, to defend these freedoms for all users, in the spirit of the
+free software movement.
+</p>
+<p>
+Years later, in 1998, another group began operating under the term
+“open <span
class="removed"><del><strong>source”.</strong></del></span> <span
class="inserted"><ins><em>source.”</em></ins></span> They have
contributed to the free software
+community in practical ways, but they stand for very different views.
+They studiously avoid the issues of freedom and principle that we
+raise in the free software movement; they cite only short-term
+practical benefits as the reasons for what they do.
+</p>
+<p>
+Their stated definition for the term “open source” is
+somewhat broader than free software, and thus includes my work. But
+describing the GNU GPL as an “open source license,” as
+Microsoft did, is more than half misleading. The GNU GPL embodies the
+firm philosophy of the free software movement; it doesn't come from
+the open source movement. I am not a supporter of the open source
+movement, and never have been.
+</p>
+<p>
+Tim O'Reilly, by contrast, is a pillar of the open source movement, at
+least to hear him tell it. However, if you look at actions rather
+than words, most of the manuals published by O'Reilly Associates do
+not qualify as open source, let alone as free. The handful of free
+titles are exceptions. He could easily excuse himself to
+<abbr title="House Un-American Activities
Committee">HUAC</abbr>—“Yes,
+I talked about open source, but I didn't really do much of it.”
+</p>
+<p>
+If O'Reilly moves to selling free-as-in-freedom books in the future, he
+could become a true supporter of the free software movement, or at least
+the open source movement. [Later in 2001, O'Reilly Associates published a
+couple of additional free books. We are grateful for this contribution to
+the free software community, and we look forward to more of the same.]
+</p>
+<p>
+With the recent founding of FSF-Europe, and the coming inauguration of
+FSF-India, the free software movement is going stronger than ever.
+Please don't lump us in with the other movement in our community.
+</p>
+<p>
+Sincerely,
+</p>
+<span class="removed"><del><strong><p>
+ Richard Stallman
+President,</strong></del></span>
+<span class="inserted"><ins><em><address>
+—<br />
+Richard Stallman<br />
+President,<br /></em></ins></span>
+Free Software <span class="removed"><del><strong>Foundation
+</p></strong></del></span> <span
class="inserted"><ins><em>Foundation</address>
+</div></em></ins></span>
+
+</div><!-- for id="content", starts in the include above -->
+<!--#include virtual="/server/footer.html" -->
+<div <span
class="removed"><del><strong>id="footer"></strong></del></span> <span
class="inserted"><ins><em>id="footer" role="contentinfo"></em></ins></span>
+<div class="unprintable">
+
+<p>Please send general FSF & GNU inquiries to
+<a href="mailto:gnu@gnu.org"><gnu@gnu.org></a>.
+There are also <a href="/contact/">other ways to contact</a>
+the FSF. Broken links and other corrections or suggestions can be sent
+to <a
href="mailto:webmasters@gnu.org"><webmasters@gnu.org></a>.</p>
+
+<p><!-- TRANSLATORS: Ignore the original text in this paragraph,
+ replace it with the translation of these two:
+
+ We work hard and do our best to provide accurate, good quality
+ translations. However, we are not exempt from imperfection.
+ Please send your comments and general suggestions in this regard
+ to <a href="mailto:web-translators@gnu.org">
+ <web-translators@gnu.org></a>.</p>
+
+ <p>For information on coordinating and <span
class="removed"><del><strong>submitting</strong></del></span> <span
class="inserted"><ins><em>contributing</em></ins></span> translations of
+ our web pages, see <a
+ href="/server/standards/README.translations.html">Translations
+ README</a>. -->
+Please see the <a
+href="/server/standards/README.translations.html">Translations
+README</a> for information on coordinating and <span
class="removed"><del><strong>submitting</strong></del></span> <span
class="inserted"><ins><em>contributing</em></ins></span> translations
+of this article.</p>
+</div>
+
+<!-- Regarding copyright, in general, standalone pages (as opposed to
+ files generated as part of manuals) on the GNU web server should
+ be under CC BY-ND <span class="removed"><del><strong>3.0
US.</strong></del></span> <span
class="inserted"><ins><em>4.0.</em></ins></span> Please do NOT change or
remove this
+ without talking with the webmasters or licensing team first.
+ Please make sure the copyright date is consistent with the
+ document. For web pages, it is ok to list just the latest year the
+ document was modified, or published.
+
+ If you wish to list earlier years, that is ok too.
+ Either "2001, 2002, 2003" or "2001-2003" are ok for specifying
+ years, as long as each year in the range is in fact a copyrightable
+ year, i.e., a year in which the document was published (including
+ being publicly visible on the web or in a revision control system).
+
+ There is more detail about copyright years in the GNU Maintainers
+ Information document, www.gnu.org/prep/maintain. -->
+
+<p>Copyright © 2000, <span class="removed"><del><strong>2007,
2014</strong></del></span> <span
class="inserted"><ins><em>2021</em></ins></span> Free Software Foundation,
Inc.</p>
+
+<p>This page is licensed under a <a rel="license"
+<span
class="removed"><del><strong>href="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nd/3.0/us/">Creative</strong></del></span>
+<span
class="inserted"><ins><em>href="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nd/4.0/">Creative</em></ins></span>
+Commons <span class="removed"><del><strong>Attribution-NoDerivs 3.0 United
States</strong></del></span> <span
class="inserted"><ins><em>Attribution-NoDerivatives 4.0
International</em></ins></span> License</a>.</p>
+
+<!--#include virtual="/server/bottom-notes.html" -->
+
+<p class="unprintable">Updated:
+<!-- timestamp start -->
+$Date: 2021/11/01 17:29:56 $
+<!-- timestamp end -->
+</p>
+</div>
+<span class="removed"><del><strong></div></strong></del></span>
+<span class="inserted"><ins><em></div><!-- for class="inner", starts
in the banner include --></em></ins></span>
+</body>
+</html>
+</pre></body></html>
Index: po/ebooks-must-increase-freedom.zh-tw-diff.html
===================================================================
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diff -N po/ebooks-must-increase-freedom.zh-tw-diff.html
--- /dev/null 1 Jan 1970 00:00:00 -0000
+++ po/ebooks-must-increase-freedom.zh-tw-diff.html 1 Nov 2021 17:29:56
-0000 1.1
@@ -0,0 +1,242 @@
+<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Strict//EN"
+ "http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-strict.dtd";>
+<!-- Generated by GNUN -->
+<html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"; xml:lang="en" lang="en">
+<head>
+<meta http-equiv="content-type" content="text/html; charset=utf-8" />
+<title>/philosophy/ebooks-must-increase-freedom.html-diff</title>
+<style type="text/css">
+span.removed { background-color: #f22; color: #000; }
+span.inserted { background-color: #2f2; color: #000; }
+</style></head>
+<body><pre>
+<!--#include virtual="/server/header.html" -->
+<!-- Parent-Version: <span
class="removed"><del><strong>1.84</strong></del></span> <span
class="inserted"><ins><em>1.96 -->
+<!-- This page is derived from /server/standards/boilerplate.html -->
+<!--#set var="TAGS" value="essays cultural access" -->
+<!--#set var="DISABLE_TOP_ADDENDUM" value="yes"</em></ins></span> -->
+<title>E-books must increase our freedom, not decrease it
+- GNU Project - Free Software Foundation</title>
+<!--#include
virtual="/philosophy/po/ebooks-must-increase-freedom.translist" -->
+<!--#include virtual="/server/banner.html" -->
+<span class="inserted"><ins><em><!--#include
virtual="/philosophy/ph-breadcrumb.html" -->
+<!--GNUN: OUT-OF-DATE NOTICE-->
+<!--#include virtual="/server/top-addendum.html" -->
+<div class="article reduced-width"></em></ins></span>
+<h2>E-books must increase our freedom, not decrease it</h2>
+<span class="removed"><del><strong><p>by <a
href="http://www.stallman.org/"><strong>Richard
+Stallman</strong></a></p>
+
+
+<p><em>This essay was originally published by <cite>The
Guardian</cite>, on 17 April 2012,
+as “<a
+href="//www.theguardian.com/technology/2012/apr/17/sharing-ebooks-richard-stallman">Technology
+Should Help Us Share, Not Constrain Us</a>”, with some surprise
editing. This
+version incorporates parts of that editing while restoring parts of the
original
+text.</em></p>
+
+<div class="announcement">
+<p>Also consider reading</strong></del></span>
+
+<span class="inserted"><ins><em><address
class="byline">by</em></ins></span> <a <span
class="removed"><del><strong>href="/philosophy/ebooks.html">
+E-Books: Freedom Or Copyright</a>.</p>
+</div>
+<hr /></strong></del></span> <span
class="inserted"><ins><em>href="https://www.stallman.org/">Richard
+Stallman</a></address></em></ins></span>
+
+<p>I love The Jehovah Contract, and I'd like everyone else to love it
+too. I have lent it out at least six times over the years. Printed
+books let us do that.</p>
+
+<p>I couldn't do that with most commercial e-books. It's “not
<span class="removed"><del><strong>allowed”.</strong></del></span> <span
class="inserted"><ins><em>allowed.”</em></ins></span>
+And if I tried to disobey, the software in e-readers has malicious
+features called Digital Restrictions Management (DRM, for short) to restrict
reading,
+so it simply won't work. The e-books are encrypted so that only
+proprietary software with malicious functionality can display them.</p>
+
+<p>Many other habits that we readers are accustomed to are “not
+allowed” for e-books. With the Amazon “Kindle” (for which
<a
href="/philosophy/why-call-it-the-swindle.html">“Swindle”</a>
+is a more fitting name), to take one example,
+users can't buy a book anonymously with cash. “Kindle” books are
+typically available from Amazon only, and Amazon makes users identify
+themselves. Thus, Amazon knows exactly which books each user has
+read. In a country such as the UK, where you can be <a
+<span
class="removed"><del><strong>href="http://www.stallman.org/archives/2012-mar-jun.html#07_April_2012_%28Wrong_book%29">prosecuted</strong></del></span>
+<span
class="inserted"><ins><em>href="https://www.stallman.org/archives/2012-mar-jun.html#07_April_2012_%28Wrong_book%29">prosecuted</em></ins></span>
for
+possessing a forbidden book</a>, this is more than hypothetically
+Orwellian.</p>
+
+<p>Furthermore, you can't sell the e-book after you read it (if Amazon
has its way,
+the used book stores where I have passed many an afternoon will be
+history). You can't give it to a friend either, because according to
+Amazon you never really owned it. Amazon requires users to sign an
+End-User License Agreement (“EULA”) which says so.</p>
+
+<p>You can't even be sure it will still be in your machine tomorrow.
+People reading 1984 in the “Kindle” had an Orwellian experience:
their
+e-books vanished right before their eyes, as Amazon used a malicious
+software feature called a “back door” to remotely delete them
+(virtual book-burning; is that what “Kindle” means?). But don't
worry;
+Amazon promised never to do this again, except by order of the state.</p>
+
+<p>With software, either the users control the program (making such
software <a
+href="/philosophy/free-sw.html">Libre or Free</a>)
+or the program controls its users (non-Libre). Amazon's e-book
+policies imitate the distribution policies of non-Libre software, but
+that's not the only relationship between the two. The
+<a href="/proprietary/proprietary.html">malicious
+software features</a> described above are imposed on users via software
+that's not Libre. If a Libre program had malicious features like
+those, some users skilled at programming would remove them, then
+provide the corrected version to all the other users. Users can't
+change non-Libre software, which makes it <a
+<span
class="removed"><del><strong>href="http://www.bostonreview.net/forum/protecting-internet-without-wrecking-it/root-problem-software-controlled-its-developer"></strong></del></span>
+<span
class="inserted"><ins><em>href="https://www.bostonreview.net/forum/protecting-internet-without-wrecking-it/root-problem-software-controlled-its-developer"></em></ins></span>
an ideal
+instrument for exercising power over the public</a>.</p>
+
+<p>Any one of these encroachments on our freedom is reason aplenty to say
+no. If these policies were limited to Amazon, we'd bypass them, but
+the other e-book dealers' policies are roughly similar.</p>
+
+<span class="inserted"><ins><em><div class="announcement comment"
role="complementary">
+<hr class="no-display" />
+<p><a href="https://www.defectivebydesign.org/ebooks.html">Join
our mailing list
+about the dangers of eBooks</a>.</p>
+<hr class="no-display" />
+</div></em></ins></span>
+
+<p>What worries me most is the prospect of losing the option of printed
+books. The Guardian has announced “digital-only reads”: in other
+words, books available only at the price of freedom. I will not read
+any book at that price. Five years from now, will unauthorized copies
+be the only ethically acceptable copies for most books?</p>
+
+<p>It doesn't have to be that way. With anonymous payment on the
+Internet, paying for downloads of non-DRM non-EULA e-books would
+respect our freedom. Physical stores could sell such e-books for
+cash, like digital music on CDs—still available even though the
+music industry is aggressively pushing DRM-restrictive services such
+as Spotify. Physical CD stores face the burden of an expensive
+inventory, but physical e-book stores could write copies onto your USB
+memory stick, the only inventory being memory sticks to sell if you
+need.</p>
+
+<p>The reason publishers give for their restrictive e-books practices is
to stop
+people from sharing copies. They say this is for the sake of the
+authors; but even if it did serve the authors' interests (which for
+quite famous authors it may), it could not justify DRM, EULAs or the Digital
+Economy Act which persecutes readers for sharing.
+In practice, the copyright system does a bad job of supporting authors
+aside from the most popular ones. Other authors' principal interest is to be
better
+known, so sharing their work benefits them as well as readers. Why not switch
to a
+system that does the job better and is compatible with sharing?</p>
+
+<p>A tax on memories and Internet connectivity, along the general lines
+of what most EU countries do, could do the job well if three points
+are got right. The money should be collected by the state and
+distributed according to law, not given to a private collecting
+society; it should be divided among all authors, and we mustnât let
+companies take any of it from them; and the distribution of money
+should be based on a sliding scale, not in linear proportion to
+popularity. I suggest using the cube root of each author's
+popularity: if A is eight times as popular as B, A gets twice B's
+amount (not eight times B's amount). This would support many fairly
+popular writers adequately instead of making a few stars richer.</p>
+
+<p>Another system is to give each e-reader a button to send some small
+sum (perhaps 25 pence in the UK) to the author.</p>
+
+<p>Sharing is good, and with digital technology, sharing is easy. (I
+mean non-commercial redistribution of exact copies.) So sharing ought
+to be legal, and preventing sharing is no excuse to make e-books into
+handcuffs for readers. If e-books mean that readers' freedom must
+either increase or decrease, we must demand the increase.</p>
+
+<span class="removed"><del><strong><blockquote
class="announcement"><p></strong></del></span>
+
+<span class="inserted"><ins><em><div class="announcement comment"
role="complementary">
+<hr class="no-display" />
+<p>Also consider reading</em></ins></span> <a <span
class="removed"><del><strong>href="http://defectivebydesign.org/ebooks.html">Join
our mailing list
+about the dangers</strong></del></span> <span
class="inserted"><ins><em>href="/philosophy/ebooks.html">
+E-Books: Freedom Or Copyright</a>.</p>
+<hr class="no-display" />
+</div>
+
+<div class="infobox extra" role="complementary">
+<hr />
+<p>This essay was originally published by <cite>The
Guardian</cite>, on 17 April 2012,
+as “<a
+href="https://www.theguardian.com/technology/2012/apr/17/sharing-ebooks-richard-stallman">Technology
+Should Help Us Share, Not Constrain Us</a>,” with some surprise
editing. This
+version incorporates parts</em></ins></span> of <span
class="removed"><del><strong>eBooks</a>.
+</p></blockquote></strong></del></span> <span
class="inserted"><ins><em>that editing while restoring parts of the original
+text.</p>
+</div>
+</div></em></ins></span>
+
+</div><!-- for id="content", starts in the include above -->
+<!--#include virtual="/server/footer.html" -->
+<div <span
class="removed"><del><strong>id="footer"></strong></del></span> <span
class="inserted"><ins><em>id="footer" role="contentinfo"></em></ins></span>
+<div class="unprintable">
+
+<p>Please send general FSF & GNU inquiries to
+<a href="mailto:gnu@gnu.org"><gnu@gnu.org></a>.
+There are also <a href="/contact/">other ways to contact</a>
+the FSF. Broken links and other corrections or suggestions can be sent
+to <a
href="mailto:webmasters@gnu.org"><webmasters@gnu.org></a>.</p>
+
+<p><!-- TRANSLATORS: Ignore the original text in this paragraph,
+ replace it with the translation of these two:
+
+ We work hard and do our best to provide accurate, good quality
+ translations. However, we are not exempt from imperfection.
+ Please send your comments and general suggestions in this regard
+ to <a href="mailto:web-translators@gnu.org">
+ <web-translators@gnu.org></a>.</p>
+
+ <p>For information on coordinating and <span
class="removed"><del><strong>submitting</strong></del></span> <span
class="inserted"><ins><em>contributing</em></ins></span> translations of
+ our web pages, see <a
+ href="/server/standards/README.translations.html">Translations
+ README</a>. -->
+Please see the <a
+href="/server/standards/README.translations.html">Translations
+README</a> for information on coordinating and <span
class="removed"><del><strong>submitting</strong></del></span> <span
class="inserted"><ins><em>contributing</em></ins></span> translations
+of this article.</p>
+</div>
+
+<!-- Regarding copyright, in general, standalone pages (as opposed to
+ files generated as part of manuals) on the GNU web server should
+ be under CC BY-ND 4.0. Please do NOT change or remove this
+ without talking with the webmasters or licensing team first.
+ Please make sure the copyright date is consistent with the
+ document. For web pages, it is ok to list just the latest year the
+ document was modified, or published.
+
+ If you wish to list earlier years, that is ok too.
+ Either "2001, 2002, 2003" or "2001-2003" are ok for specifying
+ years, as long as each year in the range is in fact a copyrightable
+ year, i.e., a year in which the document was published (including
+ being publicly visible on the web or in a revision control system).
+
+ There is more detail about copyright years in the GNU Maintainers
+ Information document, www.gnu.org/prep/maintain. -->
+
+<p>Copyright © 2012, <span class="removed"><del><strong>2015, 2016,
2017</strong></del></span> <span
class="inserted"><ins><em>2021</em></ins></span> Richard Stallman</p>
+
+<p>This page is licensed under a <a rel="license"
+href="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nd/4.0/">Creative
+Commons Attribution-NoDerivatives 4.0 International
License</a>.</p>
+
+<!--#include virtual="/server/bottom-notes.html" -->
+
+<p class="unprintable">Updated:
+<!-- timestamp start -->
+$Date: 2021/11/01 17:29:56 $
+<!-- timestamp end -->
+</p>
+</div>
+<span class="removed"><del><strong></div></strong></del></span>
+<span class="inserted"><ins><em></div><!-- for class="inner", starts
in the banner include --></em></ins></span>
+</body>
+</html>
+</pre></body></html>
Index: po/ebooks.ar-diff.html
===================================================================
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@@ -0,0 +1,228 @@
+<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Strict//EN"
+ "http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-strict.dtd";>
+<!-- Generated by GNUN -->
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+<meta http-equiv="content-type" content="text/html; charset=utf-8" />
+<title>/philosophy/ebooks.html-diff</title>
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+<!--#include virtual="/server/header.html" -->
+<!-- Parent-Version: <span
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class="inserted"><ins><em>1.96 -->
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+<!--#set var="TAGS" value="essays cultural access" -->
+<!--#set var="DISABLE_TOP_ADDENDUM" value="yes"</em></ins></span> -->
+<title>E-Books: Freedom Or Copyright
+- GNU Project - Free Software Foundation</title>
+<!--#include virtual="/philosophy/po/ebooks.translist" -->
+<!--#include virtual="/server/banner.html" -->
+<span class="inserted"><ins><em><!--#include
virtual="/philosophy/ph-breadcrumb.html" -->
+<!--GNUN: OUT-OF-DATE NOTICE-->
+<!--#include virtual="/server/top-addendum.html" -->
+<div class="article reduced-width"></em></ins></span>
+<h2>E-Books: Freedom Or Copyright</h2>
+
+<span class="removed"><del><strong><p>by <a
href="http://www.stallman.org/"><strong>Richard
+Stallman</strong></a></p>
+
+<p><em>This is a slightly modified version of an article published
+in <cite>Technology Review</cite> in 2000.</em></p>
+
+<div class="announcement">
+<p>Also consider reading</strong></del></span>
+
+<span class="inserted"><ins><em><address
class="byline">by</em></ins></span> <a
+<span
class="removed"><del><strong>href="/philosophy/ebooks-must-increase-freedom.html">E-books
must
+increase our freedom, not decrease it</a>.</p>
+</div>
+<hr /></strong></del></span> <span
class="inserted"><ins><em>href="https://www.stallman.org/">Richard
+Stallman</a></address></em></ins></span>
+
+<p>Once upon a time, in the age of the printing press, an industrial
+regulation was established to cover the business of writing and
+publishing. It was called copyright. Copyright's purpose, stated in
+the US Constitution, was to “promote progress”—that
+is, to encourage publication. The method used was to make publishers
+get permission from authors for using recent works.</p>
+
+<p>Ordinary readers had little reason to disapprove, since copyright
+restricted only publication, not the things a reader could do. If it
+raised the price of a book a small amount, that was only money; it did
+not contort readers' way of life. Copyright provided a public benefit,
+as intended, with little burden on the public. It did its job
+well—back then.</p>
+
+<p>Then a new way of distributing information came about: computers
+and networks. The advantage of digital information technology is
+that it facilitates copying and manipulating information, including
+software, musical recordings and books. Networks offered the
+possibility of unlimited access to all sorts of data, an
+information utopia.</p>
+
+<p>But one obstacle stood in the way: copyright. Readers who
+made use of their computers to share published information were
+technically copyright infringers. The world had changed around this
+law, so that what was once an industrial regulation on publishers
+had become a restriction on the public it was meant to serve.</p>
+
+<p>In a system of real democracy, a law that prohibits a popular,
+natural, and useful activity is usually soon relaxed. But the
+powerful publishers' lobby was determined to prevent the public
+from taking advantage of the power of their computers, and found
+copyright a suitable weapon. Under their influence, rather than
+relaxing copyright to suit the new circumstances, governments made
+it stricter than ever, imposing harsh penalties on readers caught
+sharing.</p>
+
+<p>But that wasn't the last of it. Computers can be powerful tools
+of domination, when a few people control what other people's
+computers do. The publishers realized that by forcing people to use
+specially designated software to read e-books, they could gain
+unprecedented power: they could compel readers to pay, and identify
+themselves, every time they read a book! That is the publishers'
+dream.</p>
+
+<p>So they prevailed upon the US government to give them the
+Digital Millennium Copyright Act of 1998, a law giving them total
+legal power over almost anything a reader might do with an e-book.
+Even reading it without authorization is a crime.</p>
+
+<span class="inserted"><ins><em><div class="announcement comment"
role="complementary">
+<hr class="no-display" />
+<p><a href="https://www.defectivebydesign.org/ebooks.html">Join
our mailing list
+about the dangers of eBooks</a>.</p>
+<hr class="no-display" />
+</div></em></ins></span>
+
+<p>We still have the same old freedoms in using paper books. But if
+e-books replace printed books, that exception will do little good.
+With “electronic <span
class="removed"><del><strong>ink”,</strong></del></span> <span
class="inserted"><ins><em>ink,”</em></ins></span> which makes it possible
to download
+new text onto an apparently printed piece of paper, even newspapers
+could become ephemeral. Imagine: no more used book stores; no more
+lending a book to your friend; no more borrowing one from the public
+library—no more “leaks” that might give someone a
+chance to read without paying. And judging from the ads for Microsoft
+Reader, no more anonymous purchasing of books. This is the world
+publishers have in mind for us.</p>
+
+<p>Why is there so little public debate about these momentous changes?
+Most citizens have not yet had occasion to come to grips with the
+political issues raised by this futuristic technology. Besides, the
+public has been taught that copyright exists to “protect”
+the copyright holders, with the implication that the public's
+interests do not count.</p>
+
+<p>But when the public at large begins to use e-books, and
+discovers the regime that the publishers have prepared for them,
+they will begin to resist. Humanity will not accept this yoke
+forever.</p>
+
+<p>The publishers would have us believe that suppressive copyright
+is the only way to keep art alive, but we do not need a War on
+Copying to encourage a diversity of published works; as the
+Grateful Dead showed, copying among fans is not a problem for the
+artists. By legalizing the noncommercial copying of e-books, we can
+turn copyright back into the industrial regulation it once was.</p>
+
+<p>For some kinds of writing, we should go even further. For
+scholarly papers and monographs, everyone should be encouraged to
+republish them verbatim online; this helps protect the scholarly
+record while making it more accessible. For textbooks and most
+reference works, publication of modified versions should be allowed
+as well, since that encourages society to improve them.</p>
+
+<p>Eventually, when computer networks provide an easy way to send
+someone a small amount of money, the whole rationale for restricting
+verbatim copying will go away. If you like a book, and it pops up a
+box saying, “Click here to give the author one <span
class="removed"><del><strong>dollar”,</strong></del></span> <span
class="inserted"><ins><em>dollar,”</em></ins></span>
+wouldn't you click? Copyright for books and music, as it applies to
+distributing verbatim unmodified copies, will be entirely obsolete.
+And not a moment too soon!</p>
+
+<span class="removed"><del><strong><blockquote class="announcement">
+<p><a
href="http://defectivebydesign.org/ebooks.html">Join</strong></del></span>
+
+<span class="inserted"><ins><em><div class="announcement comment"
role="complementary">
+<hr class="no-display" />
+<p>Also consider reading <a
+href="/philosophy/ebooks-must-increase-freedom.html">E-books must
+increase</em></ins></span> our <span class="removed"><del><strong>mailing
+list about the dangers</strong></del></span> <span
class="inserted"><ins><em>freedom, not decrease it</a>.</p>
+</div>
+
+<div class="infobox extra" role="complementary">
+<hr />
+<p>This is a slightly modified version</em></ins></span> of <span
class="removed"><del><strong>eBooks</a>.</p>
+</blockquote></strong></del></span> <span class="inserted"><ins><em>an
article published in
+<cite>Technology Review</cite> in 2000.</p>
+</div>
+</div></em></ins></span>
+
+</div><!-- for id="content", starts in the include above -->
+<!--#include virtual="/server/footer.html" -->
+<div <span
class="removed"><del><strong>id="footer"></strong></del></span> <span
class="inserted"><ins><em>id="footer" role="contentinfo"></em></ins></span>
+<div class="unprintable">
+
+<p>Please send general FSF & GNU inquiries to <a
+href="mailto:gnu@gnu.org"><gnu@gnu.org></a>. There are also
<a
+href="/contact/">other ways to contact</a> the FSF. Broken links and
other
+corrections or suggestions can be sent to <a
+href="mailto:webmasters@gnu.org"><webmasters@gnu.org></a>.</p>
+
+<p><!-- TRANSLATORS: Ignore the original text in this paragraph,
+ replace it with the translation of these two:
+
+ We work hard and do our best to provide accurate, good quality
+ translations. However, we are not exempt from imperfection.
+ Please send your comments and general suggestions in this regard
+ to <a href="mailto:web-translators@gnu.org">
+ <web-translators@gnu.org></a>.</p>
+
+ <p>For information on coordinating and <span
class="removed"><del><strong>submitting</strong></del></span> <span
class="inserted"><ins><em>contributing</em></ins></span> translations of
+ our web pages, see <a
+ href="/server/standards/README.translations.html">Translations
+ README</a>. -->
+Please see the <a
+href="/server/standards/README.translations.html">Translations
README</a> for
+information on coordinating and <span
class="removed"><del><strong>submitting</strong></del></span> <span
class="inserted"><ins><em>contributing</em></ins></span> translations of this
article.</p>
+</div>
+
+<span class="inserted"><ins><em><!-- Regarding copyright, in general,
standalone pages (as opposed to
+ files generated as part of manuals) on the GNU web server should
+ be under CC BY-ND 4.0. Please do NOT change or remove this
+ without talking with the webmasters or licensing team first.
+ Please make sure the copyright date is consistent with the
+ document. For web pages, it is ok to list just the latest year the
+ document was modified, or published.
+
+ If you wish to list earlier years, that is ok too.
+ Either "2001, 2002, 2003" or "2001-2003" are ok for specifying
+ years, as long as each year in the range is in fact a copyrightable
+ year, i.e., a year in which the document was published (including
+ being publicly visible on the web or in a revision control system).
+
+ There is more detail about copyright years in the GNU Maintainers
+ Information document, www.gnu.org/prep/maintain. --></em></ins></span>
+
+<p>Copyright © 2000, <span
class="removed"><del><strong>2016</strong></del></span> <span
class="inserted"><ins><em>2021</em></ins></span> Richard Stallman</p>
+
+<p>This page is licensed under a <a rel="license"
+href="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nd/4.0/">Creative
+Commons Attribution-NoDerivatives 4.0 International
License</a>.</p>
+
+<!--#include virtual="/server/bottom-notes.html" -->
+
+<p class="unprintable">Updated:
+<!-- timestamp start -->
+$Date: 2021/11/01 17:29:56 $
+<!-- timestamp end -->
+</p>
+</div>
+<span class="removed"><del><strong></div></strong></del></span>
+<span class="inserted"><ins><em></div><!-- for class="inner", starts
in the banner include --></em></ins></span>
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