[Date Prev][Date Next][Thread Prev][Thread Next][Date Index][Thread Index]
www/philosophy/po computing-progress.pot contra...
|
From: |
GNUN |
|
Subject: |
www/philosophy/po computing-progress.pot contra... |
|
Date: |
Thu, 2 Sep 2021 06:56:34 -0400 (EDT) |
CVSROOT: /web/www
Module name: www
Changes by: GNUN <gnun> 21/09/02 06:56:34
Modified files:
philosophy/po : computing-progress.pot
contradictory-support.pot
copyright-versus-community-2000.pot
copyright-versus-community.pot
correcting-france-mistake.pot
Log message:
Automatic update by GNUnited Nations.
CVSWeb URLs:
http://web.cvs.savannah.gnu.org/viewcvs/www/philosophy/po/computing-progress.pot?cvsroot=www&r1=1.15&r2=1.16
http://web.cvs.savannah.gnu.org/viewcvs/www/philosophy/po/contradictory-support.pot?cvsroot=www&r1=1.7&r2=1.8
http://web.cvs.savannah.gnu.org/viewcvs/www/philosophy/po/copyright-versus-community-2000.pot?cvsroot=www&r1=1.14&r2=1.15
http://web.cvs.savannah.gnu.org/viewcvs/www/philosophy/po/copyright-versus-community.pot?cvsroot=www&r1=1.33&r2=1.34
http://web.cvs.savannah.gnu.org/viewcvs/www/philosophy/po/correcting-france-mistake.pot?cvsroot=www&r1=1.8&r2=1.9
Patches:
Index: computing-progress.pot
===================================================================
RCS file: /web/www/www/philosophy/po/computing-progress.pot,v
retrieving revision 1.15
retrieving revision 1.16
diff -u -b -r1.15 -r1.16
--- computing-progress.pot 5 Apr 2014 15:43:04 -0000 1.15
+++ computing-progress.pot 2 Sep 2021 10:56:32 -0000 1.16
@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-# LANGUAGE translation of http://www.gnu.org/philosophy/computing-progress.html
+# LANGUAGE translation of
https://www.gnu.org/philosophy/computing-progress.html
# Copyright (C) YEAR Free Software Foundation, Inc.
# This file is distributed under the same license as the original article.
# FIRST AUTHOR <EMAIL@ADDRESS>, YEAR.
@@ -7,13 +7,14 @@
msgid ""
msgstr ""
"Project-Id-Version: computing-progress.html\n"
-"POT-Creation-Date: 2014-04-05 15:25+0000\n"
+"POT-Creation-Date: 2021-09-02 10:56+0000\n"
"PO-Revision-Date: YEAR-MO-DA HO:MI+ZONE\n"
"Last-Translator: FULL NAME <EMAIL@ADDRESS>\n"
"Language-Team: LANGUAGE <LL@li.org>\n"
+"Language: \n"
"MIME-Version: 1.0\n"
"Content-Type: text/plain; charset=CHARSET\n"
-"Content-Transfer-Encoding: ENCODING"
+"Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit\n"
#. type: Content of: <title>
msgid ""
@@ -21,17 +22,15 @@
"Foundation"
msgstr ""
-#. type: Content of: <h2>
-msgid "Computing ‘progress’: good and bad"
+#. type: Content of: <div><h2>
+msgid "Computing ‘Progress’: Good and Bad"
msgstr ""
-#. type: Content of: <p>
-msgid ""
-"by <a href=\"http://www.stallman.org/\";><strong>Richard "
-"Stallman</strong></a>"
+#. type: Content of: <div><address>
+msgid "by <a href=\"https://www.stallman.org/\";>Richard Stallman</a>"
msgstr ""
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><div><p>
msgid ""
"<i> The BBC invited me to write an article for their column series, The Tech "
"Lab, and this is what I sent them. (It refers to a couple of other articles "
@@ -39,14 +38,14 @@
"with a copying-permission notice, so I have published it here.</i>"
msgstr ""
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"Bradley Horowitz of Yahoo proposed here that every object in our world have "
"a unique number so that your cell phone could record everything you "
"do—even which cans you picked up while in the supermarket."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"If the phone is like today's phones, it will use proprietary software: "
"software controlled by the companies that developed it, not by its users. "
@@ -55,17 +54,17 @@
"Big Brother) and probably to other companies."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"In the UK of the future, as New Labour would have it, those companies will "
"surely turn this information over to the police. If your phone reports you "
"bought a wooden stick and a piece of poster board, the phone company's "
"system will deduce that you may be planning a protest, and report you "
"automatically to the police so they can accuse you of "
-"“terrorism”."
+"“terrorism.”"
msgstr ""
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"In the UK, it is literally an offense to be suspect—more precisely, to "
"possess any object in circumstances that create a “reasonable "
@@ -77,7 +76,7 @@
"understanding on the excuse that it was “just following orders.”"
msgstr ""
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"Horowitz would like cell phones to tag information automatically, based on "
"knowing when you participate in an event or meeting. That means the phone "
@@ -86,14 +85,14 @@
"corners on human rights."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"I do not much like Horowitz's vision of total surveillance. Rather, I "
"envision a world in which our computers never collect, or release, any "
"information about us except when we want them to."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"Nonfree software does other nasty things besides spying; it often implements "
"digital handcuffs—features designed to restrict the users (also called "
@@ -101,7 +100,7 @@
"can access, copy, or move the files in your own computer."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"DRM is a common practice: Microsoft does it, Apple does it, Google does it, "
"even the BBC's iPlayer does it. Many governments, taking the side of these "
@@ -114,7 +113,7 @@
"present location."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"My vision of the world is different. I would like to see a world in which "
"all the software in our computers — in our desktop PCs, our laptops, "
@@ -123,7 +122,7 @@
"href=\"/philosophy/free-sw.html\"><em>free</em></a> software."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"Free software, freedom-respecting software, means that every user of the "
"program is free to get the program's source code and change the program to "
@@ -133,7 +132,7 @@
"others."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"Even if you don't exercise this control yourself, you are part of a society "
"where others do. If you are not a programmer, other users of the program "
@@ -143,7 +142,7 @@
"usually happen with no effort on your part."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"Charles Stross envisioned computers that permanently record everything that "
"we see and hear. Those records could be very useful, as long as Big Brother "
@@ -155,7 +154,7 @@
"computer-using citizens to resist totalitarian surveillance."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"Dave Winer's article suggested that Mr. Gates should send a copy of Windows "
"Vista to Alpha Centauri. I understand the feeling, but sending just one "
@@ -189,7 +188,7 @@
#
#. <web-translators@gnu.org></a>.</p>
#
-#. <p>For information on coordinating and submitting translations of
+#. <p>For information on coordinating and contributing translations of
#. our web pages, see <a
#. href="/server/standards/README.translations.html">Translations
#. README</a>.
@@ -197,18 +196,19 @@
msgid ""
"Please see the <a "
"href=\"/server/standards/README.translations.html\">Translations README</a> "
-"for information on coordinating and submitting translations of this article."
+"for information on coordinating and contributing translations of this "
+"article."
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <div><p>
-msgid "Copyright © 2007, 2014 Richard M. Stallman"
+msgid "Copyright © 2007, 2021 Richard Stallman"
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"This page is licensed under a <a rel=\"license\" "
-"href=\"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nd/3.0/us/\";>Creative Commons "
-"Attribution-NoDerivs 3.0 United States License</a>."
+"href=\"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nd/4.0/\";>Creative Commons "
+"Attribution-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License</a>."
msgstr ""
#. TRANSLATORS: Use space (SPC) as msgstr if you don't want credits.
Index: contradictory-support.pot
===================================================================
RCS file: /web/www/www/philosophy/po/contradictory-support.pot,v
retrieving revision 1.7
retrieving revision 1.8
diff -u -b -r1.7 -r1.8
--- contradictory-support.pot 19 Dec 2020 16:30:29 -0000 1.7
+++ contradictory-support.pot 2 Sep 2021 10:56:32 -0000 1.8
@@ -7,7 +7,7 @@
msgid ""
msgstr ""
"Project-Id-Version: contradictory-support.html\n"
-"POT-Creation-Date: 2020-12-19 16:25+0000\n"
+"POT-Creation-Date: 2021-09-02 10:56+0000\n"
"PO-Revision-Date: YEAR-MO-DA HO:MI+ZONE\n"
"Last-Translator: FULL NAME <EMAIL@ADDRESS>\n"
"Language-Team: LANGUAGE <LL@li.org>\n"
@@ -22,21 +22,21 @@
"Foundation"
msgstr ""
-#. type: Content of: <h2>
+#. type: Content of: <div><h2>
msgid "Beware of Contradictory “Support”"
msgstr ""
-#. type: Content of: <p>
-msgid "by <strong>Richard Stallman</strong>"
+#. type: Content of: <div><address>
+msgid "by Richard Stallman"
msgstr ""
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"There are organizations that proclaim support for free software or the GNU "
"Project, and teach classes in use of nonfree software."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"It's possible that they do some <em>other</em> things that really support "
"free software, but those classes certainly don't. On the contrary, they "
@@ -45,7 +45,7 @@
"is our mission to correct."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"Even worse, that grants nonfree software legitimacy. The basic point of the "
"free software movement is that nonfree software is <a "
@@ -55,13 +55,13 @@
"that opposes the free software movement at the deepest level."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"Of course, people have the right to state that view, but they shouldn't "
"pretend that it constitutes support for our cause."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"Even more outrageously, some of those organizations claim that their courses "
"in using nonfree software are connected with or even certified by the GNU "
@@ -70,14 +70,14 @@
"nor even talk about it except with condemnation."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"Teaching use of nonfree programs works against free software; teaching it in "
"association with the name GNU or the term “free software” causes "
"confusion about what we stand for."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"If you encounter such an organization, please explain these points to the "
"people who work on it: that such courses go directly against the principles "
@@ -86,7 +86,7 @@
"not legitimize nonfree software."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"If they ask you to participate in those courses, as a student or teacher, "
"that gives you an opportunity to <a "
@@ -117,7 +117,7 @@
#
#. <web-translators@gnu.org></a>.</p>
#
-#. <p>For information on coordinating and submitting translations of
+#. <p>For information on coordinating and contributing translations of
#. our web pages, see <a
#. href="/server/standards/README.translations.html">Translations
#. README</a>.
@@ -125,11 +125,12 @@
msgid ""
"Please see the <a "
"href=\"/server/standards/README.translations.html\">Translations README</a> "
-"for information on coordinating and submitting translations of this article."
+"for information on coordinating and contributing translations of this "
+"article."
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <div><p>
-msgid "Copyright © 2016, 2020 Richard Stallman"
+msgid "Copyright © 2016, 2020, 2021 Richard Stallman"
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <div><p>
Index: copyright-versus-community-2000.pot
===================================================================
RCS file: /web/www/www/philosophy/po/copyright-versus-community-2000.pot,v
retrieving revision 1.14
retrieving revision 1.15
diff -u -b -r1.14 -r1.15
--- copyright-versus-community-2000.pot 17 Aug 2019 07:59:08 -0000 1.14
+++ copyright-versus-community-2000.pot 2 Sep 2021 10:56:32 -0000 1.15
@@ -7,7 +7,7 @@
msgid ""
msgstr ""
"Project-Id-Version: copyright-versus-community-2000.html\n"
-"POT-Creation-Date: 2019-08-17 07:56+0000\n"
+"POT-Creation-Date: 2021-09-02 10:56+0000\n"
"PO-Revision-Date: YEAR-MO-DA HO:MI+ZONE\n"
"Last-Translator: FULL NAME <EMAIL@ADDRESS>\n"
"Language-Team: LANGUAGE <LL@li.org>\n"
@@ -22,17 +22,17 @@
"Free Software Foundation"
msgstr ""
-#. type: Content of: <h2>
+#. type: Content of: <div><h2>
msgid "Copyright versus Community in the Age of Computer Networks (2000)"
msgstr ""
-#. type: Content of: <blockquote><p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><div><p>
msgid ""
"This is a transcription from an audio recording, prepared by Douglas "
"Carnall, July 2000."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"<em> Mr Stallman arrives a few minutes after the appointed hour of "
"commencement of his talk to address a hushed and respectful audience. He "
@@ -40,65 +40,65 @@
"accent.</em>"
msgstr ""
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid "<strong>RMS</strong>: This is made for someone who wears a strangler."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"<em>[indicates clip-on microphone for lecture theatre amplification "
"system]</em>"
msgstr ""
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid "I don't wear stranglers, so there is no place for it to go."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid "<em>[clips it to his T-shirt]</em>"
msgstr ""
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid "<strong>Me</strong>: Are you OK with the recording?"
msgstr ""
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid "<strong>RMS</strong>: Yes! <em>[testy]</em> How many people have to ask
me?"
msgstr ""
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid "Well, I'm supposed to speak today"
msgstr ""
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid "<em>[long pause]</em>"
msgstr ""
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid "about copyright versus community. This is too loud."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid "<em>[indicates clip-on microphone]</em>"
msgstr ""
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid "What can I do?"
msgstr ""
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid "Let's see… there's no volume control…"
msgstr ""
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid "<em>[finds volume control on radio microphone box]</em>"
msgstr ""
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid "this seems better"
msgstr ""
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"OK. Copyright versus community in the age of computer networks. The "
"principles of ethics can't change. They are the same for all situations, "
@@ -112,7 +112,7 @@
"decisions about copyright law and change the right policy for society."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"Laws that in the past may have been a good idea, now are harmful because "
"they are in a different context. But to explain this, I should go back to "
@@ -125,13 +125,13 @@
"copied in any fashion."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"In the ancient world, there wasn't the sharp distinction between authorship "
"and copying that there tends to be today."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"There was a continuum. On the one hand you might have somebody, say, "
"writing a play. Then you might have, on the other extreme, just somebody "
@@ -147,7 +147,7 @@
"the book that the original quote <em>[came from]</em>."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"There was a spectrum between writing an original work, and copying. There "
"were many books that were partly copied, but mixed with original writing. I "
@@ -158,7 +158,7 @@
"situation."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"Later on, printing was developed and printing changed the situation "
"greatly. It provided a much more efficient way to make copies of books, "
@@ -172,7 +172,7 @@
"tremendous."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"Now the idea of copyright developed along with the printing press. I think "
"that there may be… I think I remember reading that Venice, which was "
@@ -187,7 +187,7 @@
"“Time ain't money when all you got is time.”"
msgstr ""
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"So some poor people copied books with a pen. But for the most part the "
"books were all made on printing presses by publishers and copyright as a "
@@ -203,7 +203,7 @@
"for doing it."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"And in fact, in addition to not restricting the reader's directly, it didn't "
"cause much of a problem for readers, because it might have added a small "
@@ -215,7 +215,7 @@
"it and to obey."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"So copyright effectively was an industrial regulation. It restricted "
"publishers and writers but it didn't restrict the general public. It was "
@@ -224,7 +224,7 @@
"weeks or months."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"Well, as time went on, printing got more efficient. Eventually even poor "
"people didn't have to bother copying books by hand and the idea sort of got "
@@ -235,7 +235,7 @@
"subject to people."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"So originally in England copyright was partly intended as a measure of "
"censorship. People who wanted to publish books were required to get "
@@ -250,7 +250,7 @@
"promoting progress."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"So the system of copyright would have been the same more or less either way, "
"but this was a statement about the purpose which is said to justify "
@@ -266,7 +266,7 @@
"encouraging more people to write."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"Now it may seem like an obscure question to ask “What's the purpose of "
"copyright?” But the purpose of any activity is the most important "
@@ -283,22 +283,22 @@
"or killing the people on board."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"So if you look at the statements being made by publishers you find lots of "
"implicit assumptions of this sort which you have to drag into the open and "
"then start questioning."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Content of: <h3>
+#. type: Content of: <div><h3>
msgid "Recent events and problems"
msgstr ""
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid "<em>[brightens]</em>"
msgstr ""
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"Anyway, as long as the age of the printing press continued, copyright was "
"painless, easy to enforce, and probably a good idea. But the age of the "
@@ -310,11 +310,11 @@
"essentially as good as the best copies anyone could make."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid "<em>[murmuring in the audience]</em>"
msgstr ""
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"A situation now where once again, ordinary readers can make copies "
"themselves. It doesn't have to be done through centralised mass production, "
@@ -327,28 +327,28 @@
"freedom that it was unable to use."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"It's like finding a way of selling shit: what have you got to lose? You've "
"got it on hand anyway, if you get something for it, it can hardly be a bad "
"deal."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid "<em>[faint laughter]</em>"
msgstr ""
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"It's like accepting money for promising not to travel to another star. "
"You're not going to do it anyway"
msgstr ""
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid "<em>[hearty laughter]</em>"
msgstr ""
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"at least not in our lifetime so you might as well, if someone's going to pay "
"you to promise not to travel to another star, you might as well take the "
@@ -360,7 +360,7 @@
"any more; I'm going to keep some of it and use it.”"
msgstr ""
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"So if you were giving up a freedom that you couldn't exercise and now you "
"can exercise it, you probably want to start retaining the right to exercise "
@@ -371,7 +371,7 @@
"want to sell less of what you sold in the past."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"But the publishers are trying to do exactly the opposite. At exactly the "
"time when the public's interest is to keep part of the freedom to use it, "
@@ -387,7 +387,7 @@
"rather than in the name of these particular companies."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"Now, what are the consequences when copyright starts restricting activities "
"that ordinary readers can do. Well, for one thing it's no longer an "
@@ -400,7 +400,7 @@
"the publishers rather than the public."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"Also, you have to question whether a copyright system is still beneficial. "
"Basically, the thing that we have been paying is now valuable for us. Maybe "
@@ -412,11 +412,11 @@
"and making them pay is a pain in the neck."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Content of: <h3>
+#. type: Content of: <div><h3>
msgid "New kinds of copyright"
msgstr ""
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"Now what are some of the changes we might want to make in copyright law in "
"order to adapt it to the situation that the public finds itself in? Well the "
@@ -426,10 +426,10 @@
"different actions that can be done with a copyright and there are various "
"situations in which you might do them, and each of those is an independent "
"question. Should copyright cover this or not? In addition, there is a "
-"question of “How long?”."
+"question of “How long?”"
msgstr ""
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"Copyright used to be much shorter in its period or duration, and it's been "
"extended over and over again in the past fifty years or so and in fact in "
@@ -442,7 +442,7 @@
"just basically enough so that copyright on Mickey Mouse can not expire."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"Because that's why, people believe that US Congress passed a law to extend "
"copyright for twenty years. Disney was paying them, and paying the "
@@ -455,7 +455,7 @@
"congressman and they pushed very hard for increased copyright powers."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"Anyway, we were fortunate that Sonny Bono died but in his name they passed "
"the Mickey Mouse Copyright Act of 1998 I believe. It's being challenged by "
@@ -465,7 +465,7 @@
"could reduce the scope of copyright."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"So what are some of them? Well, first of all there are various different "
"contexts for copying. There is commercial sale of copies in the stores at "
@@ -479,7 +479,7 @@
"Different situations, and we don't have to treat them all the same."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"So one way in we could reclaim the… in general though, the activities "
"that are the most private are those that are most crucial to our freedom and "
@@ -493,7 +493,7 @@
"such as novels and biographies and memoires and essays and so on."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"That at the very minimum, people should always have a right to share a copy "
"with a friend. It's when governments have to prevent that kind of activity "
@@ -503,7 +503,7 @@
"regulated much more easily and much more painlessly."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"Now, where we should draw these lines depends, I believe, on the kind of "
"work. Different works serve different purposes for their users. Until "
@@ -515,7 +515,7 @@
"that express personal position, and works that are fundamentally aesthetic."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"Functional works include: computer software; recipes; textbooks; "
"dictionaries and other reference works; anything that you use to get jobs "
@@ -530,7 +530,7 @@
"other ways."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"We don't have to give up these important freedoms to have progress. Now the "
"publishers are always asking us to presuppose that their there is no way to "
@@ -539,7 +539,7 @@
"pre-supposition is unjustified."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"I can't say I'm sure that in all of these areas we can't produce progress "
"without copyright restrictions stopping people, but what we've shown is that "
@@ -550,7 +550,7 @@
"freedom to publish modified versions."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"Look, for example, at the GNU free documentation license, which is used to "
"make a book free. It allows anyone to make and sell copies of a modified "
@@ -567,7 +567,7 @@
"freedom."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"For other kinds of works, the ethical questions apply differently, because "
"the works are used differently. The second category of works is works that "
@@ -578,7 +578,7 @@
"category: it's expressing a personal opinion or position."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"Now for these kinds of works, making a modified version is not a useful "
"thing to do. So I see no reason why people should need to have the freedom "
@@ -591,11 +591,11 @@
"these things."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid "<em>[drinks water]</em>"
msgstr ""
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"Now, I used to think that maybe it would be good enough to allow people to "
"privately redistribute copies occasionally. I used to think that maybe it "
@@ -610,7 +610,7 @@
"activities that people should be doing with these works."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"Oh, also, scientific papers. Or scholarly papers in general fall into this "
"category because publishing modified versions of them is not a good thing to "
@@ -621,7 +621,7 @@
"redistribution on the net. Tell the journal that you won't do that."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"Because scientific journals have become an obstacle to the dissemination of "
"scientific results. They used to be a necessary mechanism. Now they are "
@@ -631,7 +631,7 @@
"and this practice must come to an end."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"Now there is a third category of works, which is aesthetic works, whose main "
"use is to be appreciated; novels, plays, poems, drawings in many cases, "
@@ -643,19 +643,19 @@
"authors with a lot of ego attachment saying"
msgstr ""
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid "<em>[English accent, dramatic gesture]</em>"
msgstr ""
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid "“Oh this is my creation.”"
msgstr ""
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid "<em>[Back to Boston]</em>"
msgstr ""
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"“How dare anyone change a line of this?” On the other hand you "
"have the folk process which shows that a series of people sequentially "
@@ -671,21 +671,21 @@
"have had the other authors saying"
msgstr ""
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid "<em>[English accent]</em>"
msgstr ""
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"“How dare he change one line of my creation. He couldn't possibly "
"make it better.“"
msgstr ""
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid "<em>[faint audience chuckle]</em>"
msgstr ""
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"You'll hear people ridiculing this idea in exactly those terms. Well, I am "
"not sure what we should do about publishing modified versions of these "
@@ -699,11 +699,11 @@
"answer that I'm fully satisfied with."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid "<strong>Audience member 1 (AM1)</strong>, question, inaudible"
msgstr ""
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"<strong>RMS</strong>: Let me repeat the question because he said it so fast "
"you couldn't possibly have understood it. He said “What kind of "
@@ -711,11 +711,11 @@
"engine is functional and the game scenario is aesthetic."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid "<strong>AM1</strong>: Graphics?"
msgstr ""
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"<strong>RMS</strong>: Those are part of the scenario probably. The specific "
"pictures are part of the scenario; they are aesthetic, whereas the software "
@@ -726,11 +726,11 @@
"engine is functional but the scenario is aesthetic."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Content of: <h3>
+#. type: Content of: <div><h3>
msgid "Copyright: possible solutions"
msgstr ""
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"Now, how long should copyright last? Well, nowadays the tendency in "
"publishing is for books to go out of copyright faster and faster. Today in "
@@ -747,7 +747,7 @@
"for some ten years or so, then that's it."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"Now, I once proposed this in a panel where the other people were all "
"writers. And one of them said: “Ten year copyright? Why that's "
@@ -760,7 +760,7 @@
"of print the rights revert to the author."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"The publishers treat authors terribly you have to realise. They're always "
"demanding more power in the name of the authors and they will bring along a "
@@ -772,11 +772,11 @@
"to read Courtney Love's article: it's in Salon magazine right?"
msgstr ""
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid "<strong>AM2</strong> (Audience member 2) Yes"
msgstr ""
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"<strong>RMS</strong>: She started out by calling the record companies quote "
"pirates unquotes because of the way they treat the musicians. In any case "
@@ -792,7 +792,7 @@
"maybe that's legitimate for that to last twenty years."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"Meanwhile for software, I suspect that a three year copyright would be "
"enough. You see if each version of the programme remains copyrighted for "
@@ -807,13 +807,13 @@
"no disaster. To be using three years old software is not a disaster."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"<strong>AM3</strong>: Don't you think this is a system that would favour "
"feature creep?"
msgstr ""
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"<strong>RMS</strong>: <em>[airily]</em> Ah that's OK. That's a minor side "
"issue, compared with these issues of freedom encouraging, every system "
@@ -823,13 +823,13 @@
"a few of these secondary distortions it's not a big deal I would say."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"<strong>AM4</strong>: The problem with this change in the copyright laws for "
"three would be that you wouldn't get the sources."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"<strong>RMS</strong>: Right. There would have also to be a condition, a law "
"that to sell copies of the software to the public the source code must be "
@@ -845,15 +845,15 @@
"produces the same executables and uh."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid "So you're right, just eliminating copyright would not make software
free."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid "<strong>AM5</strong>: Um libre"
msgstr ""
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"<strong>RMS</strong>: Right. That's the only sense I use the term. It "
"wouldn't do that because the source code might not be available or they "
@@ -871,7 +871,7 @@
"more complex way, not just by turning copyright for software."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"So, overall I would recommend we look at the various kinds of works and the "
"various different kinds of uses and then look for a new place to draw the "
@@ -886,7 +886,7 @@
"facilitating authors making money."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"For example, suppose that verbatim redistribution of a work is permitted and "
"suppose that the work comes with something, so that when you are playing "
@@ -900,7 +900,7 @@
"anyway."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"So this will be a far more efficient system. And the interesting thing will "
"be that when people redistribute these copies they will be helping the "
@@ -914,7 +914,7 @@
"copies, and then I think you'd find the mechanism starting to work well."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"It may take five of ten years for the ideas to spread around, because it's a "
"cultural thing, you know, at first people might find it a little surprising "
@@ -923,11 +923,11 @@
"today."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid "<em>[drinks]</em>"
msgstr ""
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"So I think that in this way, for the works of expression, and maybe "
"aesthetic works, maybe this could a successful method. But it won't work "
@@ -944,7 +944,7 @@
"version."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"It's philosophically hard to decide how important each contribution is, and "
"all the obvious ways of trying to measure it are <em>[emphasis]</em> "
@@ -957,7 +957,7 @@
"base it on."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"With regard to the aesthetic works. If there is a system where those who "
"commercially redistribute or maybe even those who are publishing a modified "
@@ -970,7 +970,7 @@
"to have this kind of voluntary payment system."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"Now I believe there a people who are trying to set up such voluntary payment "
"systems. I heard of something called the street performer's protocol. I "
@@ -982,7 +982,7 @@
"gets to be big enough so that it's efficient."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"Whether those kind of systems work smoothly enough in practice that they'll "
"get going is not clear, and whether they will become adopted widely enough "
@@ -992,7 +992,7 @@
"“Yeah, I outta pay“ once in a while. We'll see."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"There is evidence ideas like this are not unreasonable. If you look at for "
"example public radio in the US, which is mostly supported by donations from "
@@ -1007,7 +1007,7 @@
"and they don't have to spend their airtime drumming up the donations."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"Fundamentally, the stated purpose of copyright: to encourage righting is a "
"worthwhile purpose, but we have to look at ways of ways to achieve it that "
@@ -1018,44 +1018,44 @@
"there questions?"
msgstr ""
-#. type: Content of: <h3>
+#. type: Content of: <div><h3>
msgid "Questions and discussion"
msgstr ""
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid "First of all, what time is the next talk? What time is it now?"
msgstr ""
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid "<strong>Me</strong>: The time is quarter past three."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"<strong>RMS</strong>: Oh really? So I'm late already? Well I hope Melanie "
"will permit me to accept a few questions."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"<strong>AM6</strong> (Audience member 6): Who will decide in which of your "
"three categories will a work fit?"
msgstr ""
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"<strong>RMS</strong>: I don't know. I'm sure there are various ways of "
"deciding. You can probably tell a novel when you see one. I suspect judges "
"can tell a novel when they see one too."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"<strong>AM7</strong>: Any comment on encryption? And the interaction of "
"encryption devices with copyrighted materials?"
msgstr ""
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"<strong>RMS</strong>: Well, encryption is being used as a means of "
"controlling the public. The publishers are trying to impose various "
@@ -1069,33 +1069,33 @@
"buy it, and I hope you won't buy it either."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"<strong>AM8</strong>: In France we have a law that says that even if the "
"media is protected you have the right to copy again for backup purpose"
msgstr ""
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"<strong>RMS</strong>: Yes it used to be that way in the US as well until 2 "
"years ago."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"<strong>AM8</strong>: Very often you sign an agreement that is illegal in "
"France… the contract you are supposed to sign with a mouse…"
msgstr ""
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid "<strong>RMS</strong>: Well, maybe they're not."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid "<strong>AM8</strong>: How can we get it challenged?"
msgstr ""
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"<strong>RMS</strong>: <em>[rhetorically]</em> Well are you going to "
"challenge them? It costs money, it takes trouble, and not only that, how "
@@ -1111,7 +1111,7 @@
"whether, what its effects politically would be."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"I know that there was just a couple of years ago a law was passed in Europe "
"to prohibit some kind of private copying of music, and the record companies "
@@ -1124,35 +1124,35 @@
"what people should think about."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid "<strong>AM6</strong>: What about protection of private correspondence?"
msgstr ""
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"<strong>RMS</strong>: Well, if you're not <em>[emphasis]</em> publishing "
"<em>[/emphasis]</em> it that's a completely different issue."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"<strong>AM6</strong>: No, but if I send an email to somebody, that's "
"automatically under my copyright."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"<strong>RMS</strong>: <em>[forcefully]</em> That's entirely irrelevant "
"actually."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"<strong>AM6</strong>: No, I don't accept that. If they're going to publish "
"it in a newspaper. At the moment my redress is my copyright."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"<strong>RMS</strong>: Well, you can't make him keep secret the contents and "
"I'm not sure actually. I mean to me, I think there's some injustice in "
@@ -1162,13 +1162,13 @@
"upheld."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"<strong>AM6</strong>: Well, there are circumstances where I want to "
"correspond with someone and keep my (and their) reply, entirely private."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"<strong>RMS</strong>: Well if you and they agree to keep it private, then "
"that's a different matter entirely. I'm sorry the two issues can not be "
@@ -1179,13 +1179,13 @@
"be treated in an appropriate way, which is completely different."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"<strong>AM6</strong>: That's fair enough, but at the moment the only redress "
"one has is copyright…"
msgstr ""
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"<strong>RMS</strong>: <em>[interrupts]</em> No you're wrong. If people have "
"agreed to keep something private then you have other redress. In Europe "
@@ -1194,41 +1194,41 @@
"paraphrase it, because he has a right to tell people what you did."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"<strong>AM6</strong>: Yes, but I assuming that the two people at either end "
"are both in reasonable agreement."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"<strong>RMS</strong>: Well then, don't say that copyright is your only "
"recourse. If he's in agreement he isn't going to give it to a newspaper is "
"he?"
msgstr ""
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"<strong>AM6</strong>: No, er, you're sidestepping my question about "
"interception."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"<strong>RMS</strong>: Oh interception. That's a totally different… "
"<em>[heatedly]</em> no you didn't ask about interception. This is the first "
"time you mentioned interception…"
msgstr ""
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid "<strong>AM6</strong>: No it's the second time."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid "<strong>AM9</strong>: <em>[murmurs assent to AM6]</em>"
msgstr ""
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"<strong>RMS</strong>: <em>[still heated]</em> Well I didn't hear you "
"before… it's totally silly… it's like trying to… oh how "
@@ -1236,17 +1236,17 @@
"iron I mean they have nothing to do with each other."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid "<em>[uninterpretable silence falls]</em>"
msgstr ""
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"<strong>AM10</strong>: Have you thought about changes <em>[inaudible, in "
"trade secrets?]</em>"
msgstr ""
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"<strong>RMS</strong>: Uh yes: Trade secrets has developed in a very ominous "
"and menacing direction. It used to be that trade secrecy meant that you "
@@ -1258,7 +1258,7 @@
"keep these secrets and that's a pressure."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"So those who pretend that trade secrecy is just carrying out some natural "
"right of theirs; that's just not true any more. They're getting explicit "
@@ -1269,7 +1269,7 @@
"promised to keep a secret that that means it's binding."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"Maybe in some cases it should be and in some cases it should not be. If "
"there's a clear public benefit from knowing then maybe that should "
@@ -1279,7 +1279,7 @@
"no."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"There are various possibilities one can think of, but at the very start "
"anybody who hasn't voluntarily agreed to keep the secrets should not be "
@@ -1287,37 +1287,37 @@
"still is that way in Europe, I'm not sure."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid "<strong>AM11</strong>: Is is OK for a company to ask say its…"
msgstr ""
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid "<strong>RMS</strong>: employees?"
msgstr ""
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid "<strong>AM11</strong>: No no"
msgstr ""
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid "<strong>RMS</strong>: suppliers?"
msgstr ""
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"<strong>AM11</strong>: yes, suppliers. What if the customer is another "
"supplier?"
msgstr ""
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid "<em>[gap as minidisk changed]</em>"
msgstr ""
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid "<strong>RMS</strong>: Let's start by not encouraging it."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"<strong>AM12</strong>: I have a question regarding your opinion on the "
"scientific work on journals and textbooks. In my profession at least one "
@@ -1326,7 +1326,7 @@
"internet access."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"<strong>RMS</strong>: Well, that's good. But there are many journals where "
"it is not like that. For example, the ACM journals you can't access unless "
@@ -1334,14 +1334,14 @@
"opening up access on the web."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"<strong>AM12</strong>: So what impact does that have on the significance of "
"copyright on the public when you basically don't interfere with providing "
"free access on the web."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"<strong>RMS</strong>: Well, first of all, I disagree. Mirror sites are "
"essential, so the journal should only provide open access but they should "
@@ -1358,7 +1358,7 @@
"stopped."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"So what should be done, is that these journals should go one step further. "
"In addition to saying everybody can access the site they should be saying, "
@@ -1371,7 +1371,7 @@
"nothing was getting left out."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"At this point the amount that it costs to set up the mirror site for years "
"of a journal is so little that it doesn't require any special funding; "
@@ -1380,7 +1380,7 @@
"well, I'll just have to let it go."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"<strong>AM13</strong>: The financing problem for the aesthetical "
"works… do you think the dynamics could be… "
@@ -1389,7 +1389,7 @@
"software <em>[inaudible]</em>"
msgstr ""
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"<strong>RMS</strong>: I don't know. It's certainly suggesting the idea to "
"people. We'll see. I don't the answers, I don't know how we're going to "
@@ -1405,7 +1405,7 @@
"The society shouldn't be shaped for the sake of these companies."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"We have to keep on… because you see the idea that they've "
"spread—that anything that reduces their income is immoral and "
@@ -1422,37 +1422,37 @@
"hacking away at a few leaves."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"<strong>AM14</strong>: <em>[inaudible]</em> this is important is to "
"concentrate on the donations system for music."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"<strong>RMS</strong>: Yes. Unfortunately though there are patents covering "
"the technique that seems most likely to be usable."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid "<em>[laughs, cries of “no” from audience]</em>"
msgstr ""
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid "<strong>RMS</strong>: So it may take ten years before we can do it."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid "<strong>AM15</strong>: We only take French laws"
msgstr ""
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"<strong>RMS</strong>: I don't know. I think I'd better hand the floor over "
"to Melanie whose talk was supposed to start at 3. And uh so"
msgstr ""
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"RMS stands in silence. There is a pause before the outbreak of applause. "
"RMS turns to applaud the stuffed fabric gnu he placed on the overhead "
@@ -1483,7 +1483,7 @@
#
#. <web-translators@gnu.org></a>.</p>
#
-#. <p>For information on coordinating and submitting translations of
+#. <p>For information on coordinating and contributing translations of
#. our web pages, see <a
#. href="/server/standards/README.translations.html">Translations
#. README</a>.
@@ -1491,13 +1491,12 @@
msgid ""
"Please see the <a "
"href=\"/server/standards/README.translations.html\">Translations README</a> "
-"for information on coordinating and submitting translations of this article."
+"for information on coordinating and contributing translations of this "
+"article."
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <div><p>
-msgid ""
-"Copyright © 2001, 2007, 2014, 2017, 2018, 2019 Free Software "
-"Foundation, Inc."
+msgid "Copyright © 2000, 2021 Free Software Foundation, Inc."
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <div><p>
Index: copyright-versus-community.pot
===================================================================
RCS file: /web/www/www/philosophy/po/copyright-versus-community.pot,v
retrieving revision 1.33
retrieving revision 1.34
diff -u -b -r1.33 -r1.34
--- copyright-versus-community.pot 6 Oct 2020 08:42:13 -0000 1.33
+++ copyright-versus-community.pot 2 Sep 2021 10:56:32 -0000 1.34
@@ -7,7 +7,7 @@
msgid ""
msgstr ""
"Project-Id-Version: copyright-versus-community.html\n"
-"POT-Creation-Date: 2020-10-06 08:28+0000\n"
+"POT-Creation-Date: 2021-09-02 10:56+0000\n"
"PO-Revision-Date: YEAR-MO-DA HO:MI+ZONE\n"
"Last-Translator: FULL NAME <EMAIL@ADDRESS>\n"
"Language-Team: LANGUAGE <LL@li.org>\n"
@@ -22,45 +22,36 @@
"Free Software Foundation"
msgstr ""
-#. type: Content of: <h2>
+#. type: Content of: <div><h2>
msgid "Copyright versus Community in the Age of Computer Networks"
msgstr ""
-#. type: Content of: <address>
+#. type: Content of: <div><address>
msgid "by Richard Stallman"
msgstr ""
-#. type: Content of: <p><em>
+#. type: Content of: <div><div><p>
msgid ""
-"<em>Keynote speech at LIANZA conference, Christchurch Convention Centre, 12 "
+"Keynote speech at LIANZA conference, Christchurch Convention Centre, 12 "
"October 2009."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><div><p>
msgid ""
"There is an <a "
"href=\"/philosophy/copyright-versus-community-2000.html\">older version</a> "
-"of this talk, from 2000.</em>"
-msgstr ""
-
-#. type: Content of: <blockquote><p>
-msgid ""
-"<a href=\"http://defectivebydesign.org/ebooks.html\";>Join our mailing list "
-"about the dangers of e-books</a>."
+"of this talk, from 2000."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Content of: <dl><dt>
-msgid "BC:"
-msgstr ""
-
-#. type: Content of: <dl><dd><p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><div><p>
msgid ""
-"Tena koutou, tena koutou, tena koutou katoa. Today I have the privilege of "
-"introducing Richard Stallman, whose keynote speech is being sponsored by the "
-"School of Information Management at Victoria University of Wellington."
+"<b>BC: </b> Tena koutou, tena koutou, tena koutou katoa. Today I have "
+"the privilege of introducing Richard Stallman, whose keynote speech is being "
+"sponsored by the School of Information Management at Victoria University of "
+"Wellington."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Content of: <dl><dd><p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><div><p>
msgid ""
"Richard has been working to promote software freedom for over 25 years. In "
"1983 he started the GNU project to develop a free operating system [the GNU "
@@ -70,47 +61,50 @@
"has touched all of your lives."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Content of: <dl><dd><p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><div><p>
msgid ""
"I like to describe him as the most influential person most people have never "
"heard of, although he tells me that that cannot possibly be true because it "
"cannot be tested."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Content of: <dl><dt>
-msgid "RMS:"
-msgstr ""
-
-#. type: Content of: <dl><dd>
-msgid "We can't tell."
+#. type: Content of: <div><div><p>
+msgid "<b>RMS: </b> We can't tell."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Content of: <dl><dd><p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><div><p>
msgid ""
-"I said that—I still like it. His ideas about software freedom and "
-"free access to information were used by Tim Berners-Lee when he created the "
-"world's first web server, and in 1999 his musings about a free online "
-"encyclopedia inspired Jimmy Wales to set up what is now Wikipedia."
+"<b>BC: </b> I said that—I still like it. His ideas about "
+"software freedom and free access to information were used by Tim Berners-Lee "
+"when he created the world's first web server, and in 1999 his musings about "
+"a free online encyclopedia inspired Jimmy Wales to set up what is now "
+"Wikipedia."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Content of: <dl><dd><p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><div><p>
msgid ""
"Today Richard will be talking to us about copyright vs community in the age "
"of computer networks, and their implications for libraries. Richard."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Content of: <dl><dd><p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><div><div><p>
msgid ""
-"I've been in New Zealand for a couple of weeks, and in the North Island it "
-"was raining most of the time. Now I know why they call gumboots "
-"“Wellingtons”. And then I saw somebody who was making chairs "
-"and tables out of ponga wood, and he called it fern-iture. Then we took the "
-"ferry to get here, and as soon as we got off, people started mocking and "
-"insulting us; but there were no hard feelings, they just wanted to make us "
-"really feel Picton."
+"<a href=\"https://www.defectivebydesign.org/ebooks.html\";>Join our mailing "
+"list about the dangers of e-books</a>."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Content of: <dl><dd><p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><div><p>
+msgid ""
+"<b>RMS: </b> I've been in New Zealand for a couple of weeks, and in the "
+"North Island it was raining most of the time. Now I know why they call "
+"gumboots “Wellingtons.” And then I saw somebody who was making "
+"chairs and tables out of ponga wood, and he called it fern-iture. Then we "
+"took the ferry to get here, and as soon as we got off, people started "
+"mocking and insulting us; but there were no hard feelings, they just wanted "
+"to make us really feel Picton."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <div><div><p>
msgid ""
"The reason people usually invite me to give speeches is because of my work "
"on free software. This is not a talk about free software; this talk answers "
@@ -119,37 +113,37 @@
"what free software means."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Content of: <dl><dd><p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><div><p>
msgid ""
"Free software is a matter of freedom, not price, so think of “free "
-"speech”, not “free beer”. Free software is software that "
+"speech,” not “free beer.” Free software is software that "
"respects the user's freedom, and there are four specific freedoms that the "
"user deserves always to have."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Content of: <dl><dd><ul><li>
+#. type: Content of: <div><div><ul><li>
msgid "Freedom 0 is the freedom to run the program as you wish."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Content of: <dl><dd><ul><li>
+#. type: Content of: <div><div><ul><li>
msgid ""
"Freedom 1 is the freedom to study the source code of the program and change "
"it to make the program do what you wish."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Content of: <dl><dd><ul><li>
+#. type: Content of: <div><div><ul><li>
msgid ""
"Freedom 2 is the freedom to help your neighbour; that is, the freedom to "
"redistribute copies of the program, exact copies when you wish."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Content of: <dl><dd><ul><li>
+#. type: Content of: <div><div><ul><li>
msgid ""
"And Freedom 3 is the freedom to contribute to your community. That's the "
"freedom to publish your modified versions when you wish."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Content of: <dl><dd><p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><div><p>
msgid ""
"If the program gives you these four freedoms then it's free software, which "
"means the social system of its distribution and use is an ethical system, "
@@ -162,7 +156,7 @@
"that all users can be free."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Content of: <dl><dd><p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><div><p>
msgid ""
"Proprietary software keeps the users divided and helpless: divided, because "
"they're forbidden to share it, and helpless, because they don't have the "
@@ -172,7 +166,7 @@
"the user."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Content of: <dl><dd><p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><div><p>
msgid ""
"For instance, Microsoft Windows has a back door with which Microsoft can "
"forcibly install software changes, without getting permission from the "
@@ -183,7 +177,7 @@
"out the window."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Content of: <dl><dd><p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><div><p>
msgid ""
"But any proprietary software gives the developers unjust power over the "
"users. Some of the developers abuse this power more, and some abuse it "
@@ -192,7 +186,7 @@
"you deserve free software."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Content of: <dl><dd><p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><div><p>
msgid ""
"At the end of speeches about free software, people sometimes ask whether "
"these same freedoms and ideas apply to other things. If you have a copy of "
@@ -201,7 +195,7 @@
"have them or not. And that's the question that I'm going to address today."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Content of: <dl><dd><p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><div><p>
msgid ""
"If you have a copy of something that's not software, for the most part, the "
"only thing that might deny you any of these freedoms is copyright law. With "
@@ -211,7 +205,7 @@
"distinction as between source code and executable code."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Content of: <dl><dd><p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><div><p>
msgid ""
"For instance, if we're talking about a text, if you can see the text to read "
"it, there's nothing in the text that you can't see. So it's not the same "
@@ -219,13 +213,13 @@
"that might deny you these freedoms."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Content of: <dl><dd><p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><div><p>
msgid ""
"So the question can be restated: “What should copyright law allow you "
"to do with published works? What should copyright law say?”"
msgstr ""
-#. type: Content of: <dl><dd><p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><div><p>
msgid ""
"Copyright has developed along with copying technology, so it's useful to "
"review the history of copying technology. Copying developed in the ancient "
@@ -233,7 +227,7 @@
"read one copy and write another."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Content of: <dl><dd><p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><div><p>
msgid ""
"This technology was rather inefficient, but another interesting "
"characteristic was that it had no economy of scale. To write ten copies "
@@ -244,7 +238,7 @@
"copy, if someone wanted to copy it, he could."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Content of: <dl><dd><p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><div><p>
msgid ""
"There was nothing like copyright in the ancient world. If you had a copy "
"and wanted to copy it, nobody was going to tell you you weren't "
@@ -254,7 +248,7 @@
"copyright is often used in attempts to censor people."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Content of: <dl><dd><p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><div><p>
msgid ""
"That went on for thousands of years, but then there was a big advance in "
"copying technology, namely the printing press. The printing press made "
@@ -264,7 +258,7 @@
"just writing it by hand; that would be faster than trying to print one copy."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Content of: <dl><dd><p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><div><p>
msgid ""
"The printing press has an economy of scale: it takes a lot of work to set "
"the type, but then you can make many copies very fast. Also, the printing "
@@ -276,7 +270,7 @@
"copies."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Content of: <dl><dd><p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><div><p>
msgid ""
"Copyright began in the age of the printing press. Copyright in England "
"began as a system of censorship in the 1500s. I believe it was originally "
@@ -291,14 +285,14 @@
"it once."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Content of: <dl><dd><p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><div><p>
msgid ""
"This was a totally different idea—a temporary monopoly for the author, "
"instead of a perpetual monopoly for the publisher. The idea developed that "
"copyright was a means of promoting writing."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Content of: <dl><dd><p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><div><p>
msgid ""
"When the US constitution was written, some people wanted authors to be "
"entitled to a copyright, but that was rejected. Instead, the US "
@@ -309,7 +303,7 @@
"time; publishers keep hoping for us to forget about this."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Content of: <dl><dd><p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><div><p>
msgid ""
"Here we have an idea of copyright which is an industrial regulation on "
"publishers, controlled by authors, and designed to provide benefits to the "
@@ -317,7 +311,7 @@
"readers."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Content of: <dl><dd><p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><div><p>
msgid ""
"Now in the early centuries of printing, and still I believe in the 1790s, "
"lots of readers wrote copies by hand because they couldn't afford printed "
@@ -327,16 +321,16 @@
"enforce, uncontroversial, and arguably beneficial for society."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Content of: <dl><dd><p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><div><p>
msgid ""
"It was easy to enforce, because it only had to be enforced against "
"publishers. And it's easy to find the unauthorized publishers of a "
"book—you go to a bookstore and say “where do these copies come "
-"from?”. You don't have to invade everybody's home and everybody's "
+"from?” You don't have to invade everybody's home and everybody's "
"computer to do that."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Content of: <dl><dd><p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><div><p>
msgid ""
"It was uncontroversial because, as the readers were not restricted, they had "
"nothing to complain about. Theoretically they were restricted from "
@@ -345,14 +339,14 @@
"restricted."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Content of: <dl><dd><p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><div><p>
msgid ""
"It was arguably beneficial because the general public, according to the "
"concepts of copyright law, traded away a theoretical right they were not in "
"a position to exercise. In exchange, they got the benefits of more writing."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Content of: <dl><dd><p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><div><p>
msgid ""
"Now if you trade away something you have no possible use for, and you get "
"something you can use in exchange, it's a positive trade. Whether or not "
@@ -360,7 +354,7 @@
"question, but at least it's positive."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Content of: <dl><dd><p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><div><p>
msgid ""
"So if this were still in the age of the printing press, I don't think I'd be "
"complaining about copyright law. But the age of the printing press is "
@@ -369,7 +363,7 @@
"again not uniformly so."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Content of: <dl><dd><p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><div><p>
msgid ""
"Here's what we had in the age of the printing press: mass production very "
"efficient, one at a time copying still just as slow as the ancient world. "
@@ -377,7 +371,7 @@
"has benefited the most."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Content of: <dl><dd><p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><div><p>
msgid ""
"We get to a situation much more like the ancient world, where one at a time "
"copying is not so much worse [i.e., harder] than mass production copying. "
@@ -387,7 +381,7 @@
"a CD-writer yourself, so you go to a store where you can do it."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Content of: <dl><dd><p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><div><p>
msgid ""
"This means that copyright no longer fits in with the technology as it used "
"to. Even if the words of copyright law had not changed, they wouldn't have "
@@ -397,19 +391,19 @@
"publishers, in the name of the authors."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Content of: <dl><dd><p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><div><p>
msgid ""
"In other words, it's tyranny. It's intolerable and we can't allow it to "
"continue this way."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Content of: <dl><dd><p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><div><p>
msgid ""
"As a result of this change, [copyright] is no longer easy to enforce, no "
"longer uncontroversial, and no longer beneficial."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Content of: <dl><dd><p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><div><p>
msgid ""
"It's no longer easy to enforce because now the publishers want to enforce it "
"against each and every person, and to do this requires cruel measures, "
@@ -418,24 +412,24 @@
"prosecute the War on Sharing."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Content of: <dl><dd><p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><div><p>
msgid ""
"It's no longer uncontroversial. There are political parties in several "
-"countries whose basic platform is “freedom to share”."
+"countries whose basic platform is “freedom to share.”"
msgstr ""
-#. type: Content of: <dl><dd><p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><div><p>
msgid ""
"It's no longer beneficial because the freedoms that we conceptually traded "
"away (because we couldn't exercise them), we now can exercise. They're "
"tremendously useful, and we want to exercise them."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Content of: <dl><dd><p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><div><p>
msgid "What would a democratic government do in this situation?"
msgstr ""
-#. type: Content of: <dl><dd><p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><div><p>
msgid ""
"It would reduce copyright power. It would say: “The trade we made on "
"behalf of our citizens, trading away some of their freedom which now they "
@@ -445,13 +439,13 @@
"extending copyright power when they should reduce it."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Content of: <dl><dd><p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><div><p>
msgid ""
"One example is in the dimension of time. Around the world we see pressure "
"to make copyright last longer and longer and longer."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Content of: <dl><dd><p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><div><p>
msgid ""
"A wave of this started in the US in 1998. Copyright was extended by 20 "
"years on both past and future works. I do not understand how they hope to "
@@ -462,7 +456,7 @@
"the artists found out that their copyrights would be extended in 1998."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Content of: <dl><dd><p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><div><p>
msgid ""
"It's theoretically conceivable that 20 years more copyright on future works "
"would convince people to make more effort in producing those works. But not "
@@ -475,7 +469,7 @@
"course they can't do because none of them really looks that far ahead."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Content of: <dl><dd><p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><div><p>
msgid ""
"The real reason for this law, the desire that prompted various companies to "
"purchase this law in the US Congress, which is how laws are decided on for "
@@ -483,7 +477,7 @@
"monopolies to continue."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Content of: <dl><dd><p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><div><p>
msgid ""
"For instance, Disney was aware that the first film in which Mickey Mouse "
"appeared would go into the public domain in a few years, and then anybody "
@@ -493,25 +487,25 @@
"for this law, which we refer to as the Mickey Mouse Copyright Act."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Content of: <dl><dd><p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><div><p>
msgid ""
"The movie companies say they want perpetual copyright, but the US "
"Constitution won't let them get that officially. So they came up with a way "
"to get the same result unofficially: “perpetual copyright on the "
-"installment plan”. Every 20 years they extend copyright for 20 more "
+"installment plan.” Every 20 years they extend copyright for 20 more "
"years. So that at any given time, any given work has a date when it will "
"supposedly fall into the public domain. But that date is like tomorrow, it "
"never comes. By the time you get there they will have postponed it, unless "
"we stop them next time."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Content of: <dl><dd><p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><div><p>
msgid ""
"That's one dimension, the dimension of duration. But even more important is "
"the dimension of breadth: which uses of the work does copyright cover?"
msgstr ""
-#. type: Content of: <dl><dd><p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><div><p>
msgid ""
"In the age of the printing press, copyright wasn't supposed to cover all "
"uses of a copyrighted work, because copyright regulated certain uses that "
@@ -519,7 +513,7 @@
"certain things you were simply allowed to do with your copy of a book."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Content of: <dl><dd><p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><div><p>
msgid ""
"Now the publishers have got the idea that they can turn our computers "
"against us, and use them to seize total power over all use of published "
@@ -529,7 +523,7 @@
"itself is designed to restrict the user."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Content of: <dl><dd><p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><div><p>
msgid ""
"The first way in which the general public saw this was in DVDs. A movie on "
"a DVD was usually encrypted, and the format was secret. The DVD conspiracy "
@@ -541,24 +535,24 @@
"us."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Content of: <dl><dd><p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><div><p>
msgid ""
"It worked for a while, but then some people figured out the secret format, "
"and published free software capable of reading the movie on a DVD and "
"playing it. Then the publishers said “since we can't actually stop "
-"them, we have to make it a crime”. And they started that in the US in "
+"them, we have to make it a crime.” And they started that in the US in "
"1998 with the Digital Millennium Copyright Act, which imposed censorship on "
"software capable of doing such jobs."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Content of: <dl><dd><p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><div><p>
msgid ""
"So that particular piece of free software was the subject of a court case. "
"Its distribution in the US is forbidden; the US practices censorship of "
"software."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Content of: <dl><dd><p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><div><p>
msgid ""
"The movie companies are well aware that they can't really make that program "
"disappear—it's easy enough to find it. So they designed another "
@@ -566,19 +560,19 @@
"called AACS, or the axe."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Content of: <dl><dd><p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><div><p>
msgid ""
"The AACS conspiracy makes precise rules about all players. For instance, in "
"2011 it's going to be forbidden to make analog video outputs. So all video "
"outputs will have to be digital, and they will carry the signal encrypted "
"into a monitor specially designed to keep secrets from the user. That is "
"malicious hardware. They say that the purpose of this is to “close "
-"the analog hole”. I'll show you a couple of analog holes (Stallman "
+"the analog hole.” I'll show you a couple of analog holes (Stallman "
"takes off his glasses): here's one and here's another, that they'd like to "
"poke out permanently.<a href=\"#footnote1\">[1]</a>"
msgstr ""
-#. type: Content of: <dl><dd><p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><div><p>
msgid ""
"How do I know about these conspiracies? The reason is they're not "
"secret—they have websites. The AACS website proudly describes the "
@@ -588,7 +582,7 @@
"and Sony, and Disney, and IBM."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Content of: <dl><dd><p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><div><p>
msgid ""
"A conspiracy of companies designed to restrict the public's access to "
"technology ought to be prosecuted as a serious crime, like a conspiracy to "
@@ -598,14 +592,14 @@
"conspiracies, which is why they don't bother to hide them."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Content of: <dl><dd><p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><div><p>
msgid ""
"In general DRM is set up by a conspiracy of companies. Once in a while a "
"single company can do it, but generally it requires a conspiracy between "
"technology companies and publishers, so [it's] almost always a conspiracy."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Content of: <dl><dd><p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><div><p>
msgid ""
"They thought that nobody would ever be able to break the AACS, but about "
"three and a half years ago someone released a free program capable of "
@@ -613,7 +607,7 @@
"to run it you need to know the key."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Content of: <dl><dd><p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><div><p>
msgid ""
"And then, six months later, I saw a photo of two adorable puppies, with 32 "
"hex digits above them, and I wondered: “Why put those two things "
@@ -623,7 +617,7 @@
"the key from being wiped out.”"
msgstr ""
-#. type: Content of: <dl><dd><p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><div><p>
msgid ""
"And that's what it was—that was the key to break the axe. People "
"posted it, and editors deleted it, because laws in many countries now "
@@ -632,7 +626,7 @@
"in over 700,000 web sites."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Content of: <dl><dd><p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><div><p>
msgid ""
"That's a big outpouring of public disgust with DRM. But it didn't win the "
"war, because the publishers changed the key. Not only that: with HD DVD, "
@@ -643,7 +637,7 @@
"possible, at least not with our present level of knowledge."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Content of: <dl><dd><p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><div><p>
msgid ""
"Never accept any product designed to attack your freedom. If you don't have "
"the free software to play a DVD, you mustn't buy or rent any DVDs, or accept "
@@ -652,11 +646,11 @@
"DVDs, I won't take them."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Content of: <dl><dd><p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><div><p>
msgid "So this is how things stand in video, but we've also seen DRM in music."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Content of: <dl><dd><p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><div><p>
msgid ""
"For instance, about ten years ago we started to see things that looked like "
"compact disks, but they weren't written quite like compact disks. They "
@@ -665,7 +659,7 @@
"read them on a computer. These different methods had various problems."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Content of: <dl><dd><p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><div><p>
msgid ""
"Eventually Sony came up with a clever idea. They put a program on the disk, "
"so that if you stuck the disk into a computer, the disk would install the "
@@ -675,7 +669,7 @@
"the system, and modify various parts of the system."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Content of: <dl><dd><p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><div><p>
msgid ""
"For instance, it modified the command you could use to examine the system to "
"see if the software was present, so as to disguise itself. It modified the "
@@ -685,7 +679,7 @@
"code—code that had been released under the GNU General Public License."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Content of: <dl><dd><p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><div><p>
msgid ""
"Now the GNU GPL is a copyleft license, and that means it says “Yes, "
"you're free to put this code into other things, but when you do, the entire "
@@ -695,7 +689,7 @@
"they get the software.”"
msgstr ""
-#. type: Content of: <dl><dd><p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><div><p>
msgid ""
"Sony didn't comply with all that. That's commercial copyright infringement, "
"which is a felony. They're both felonies, but Sony wasn't prosecuted "
@@ -704,7 +698,7 @@
"defend our freedom in any way."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Content of: <dl><dd><p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><div><p>
msgid ""
"People got angry and they sued Sony. However, they made a mistake. They "
"focused their condemnation not on the evil purpose of this scheme, but only "
@@ -713,7 +707,7 @@
"freedom, it will not do those other things."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Content of: <dl><dd><p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><div><p>
msgid ""
"Actually, that particular corrupt disk scheme was not so bad, because if you "
"were not using Windows it would not affect you at all. Even if you were "
@@ -723,13 +717,13 @@
"day. This shows the kind of thing we've had to deal with."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Content of: <dl><dd><p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><div><p>
msgid ""
"Fortunately music DRM is receding. Even the main record companies sell "
"downloads without DRM. But we see a renewed effort to impose DRM on books."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Content of: <dl><dd><p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><div><p>
msgid ""
"You see, the publishers want to take away the traditional freedoms of book "
"readers—freedom to do things such as borrow a book from the public "
@@ -739,13 +733,13 @@
"doing.)"
msgstr ""
-#. type: Content of: <dl><dd><p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><div><p>
msgid ""
"Even the freedom to keep the book as long as you wish, and read it as many "
"times as you wish, they plan to get rid of."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Content of: <dl><dd><p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><div><p>
msgid ""
"The way they do it is with DRM. They knew that so many people read books "
"and would get angry if these freedoms were taken away that they didn't "
@@ -755,13 +749,13 @@
"two-stage plan."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Content of: <dl><dd><p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><div><p>
msgid ""
"First, take away these freedoms from e-books, and second, convince people to "
"switch from paper books to e-books. They've succeeded with stage 1."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Content of: <dl><dd><p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><div><p>
msgid ""
"In the US they did it with the Digital Millennium Copyright Act, and in New "
"Zealand, that was part of the year-ago Copyright Act; censorship on software "
@@ -769,18 +763,18 @@
"got to be repealed."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Content of: <dl><dd><p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><div><p>
msgid ""
"The second stage is convince people to switch from printed books to ebooks; "
"that didn't go so well."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Content of: <dl><dd><p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><div><p>
msgid ""
"One publisher in 2001 had the idea they would make their line of ebooks "
"really popular if they started it with my biography. So they found an "
"author and the author asked me if I'd cooperate, and I said “Only if "
-"this e-book is published without encryption, without DRM”. The "
+"this e-book is published without encryption, without DRM.” The "
"publisher wouldn't go along with that, and I just stuck to it—I said "
"no. Eventually we found another publisher who was willing to do "
"this—in fact willing to publish the book under a free license giving "
@@ -788,18 +782,18 @@
"of copies on paper."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Content of: <dl><dd><p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><div><p>
msgid ""
"But in any case, e-books failed at the beginning of this decade. People "
"just didn't want to read them very much. And I said, “they will try "
-"again”. We saw an amazing number of news articles about electronic "
-"ink (or is it electronic paper, I can never remember which), and it occurred "
-"to me probably the reason there's so many is the publishers want us to think "
+"again.” We saw an amazing number of news articles about electronic ink "
+"(or is it electronic paper, I can never remember which), and it occurred to "
+"me probably the reason there's so many is the publishers want us to think "
"about this. They want us to be eager for the next generation of e-book "
"readers."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Content of: <dl><dd><p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><div><p>
msgid ""
"Now they're upon us. Things like the Sony Shreader (its official name is "
"the Sony Reader, but if you put on 'sh' it explains what it's designed to do "
@@ -810,27 +804,27 @@
"to your books."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Content of: <dl><dd><p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><div><p>
msgid ""
"The Kindle is an extremely malicious product, almost as malicious as "
"Microsoft Windows. They both have spy features, they both have Digital "
"Restrictions Management, and they both have back doors."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Content of: <dl><dd><p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><div><p>
msgid ""
"In the case of the Kindle, the only way you can buy a book is to buy it from "
"Amazon<a href=\"#footnote4\">[4]</a>, and Amazon requires you to identify "
"yourself, so they know everything that you've bought."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Content of: <dl><dd><p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><div><p>
msgid ""
"Then there is Digital Restrictions Management, so you can't lend the book or "
"sell it to a used bookstore, and the library can't lend it either."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Content of: <dl><dd><p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><div><p>
msgid ""
"And then there's the back door, which we found out about about three months "
"ago, because Amazon used it. Amazon sent a command to all the Kindles to "
@@ -839,20 +833,20 @@
"has a back door with which it can erase books remotely."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Content of: <dl><dd><p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><div><p>
msgid ""
"What else it can do, who knows? Maybe it's like Microsoft Windows. Maybe "
"Amazon can remotely upgrade the software, which means that whatever "
"malicious things are not in it now, they could put them in it tomorrow."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Content of: <dl><dd><p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><div><p>
msgid ""
"This is intolerable—any one of these restrictions is intolerable. "
"They want to create a world where nobody lends books to anybody anymore."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Content of: <dl><dd><p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><div><p>
msgid ""
"Imagine that you visit a friend and there are no books on the shelf. It's "
"not that your friend doesn't read, but his books are all inside a device, "
@@ -862,7 +856,7 @@
"people who love books."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Content of: <dl><dd><p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><div><p>
msgid ""
"Make sure that you inform people what this device implies. It means other "
"readers will no longer be your friends, because you will be acting like a "
@@ -873,38 +867,38 @@
"the implications of this device."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Content of: <dl><dd><p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><div><p>
msgid ""
"I have nothing against distributing books in digital form, if they are not "
"designed to take away our freedom. Strictly speaking, it is possible to "
"have an e-book reader:"
msgstr ""
-#. type: Content of: <dl><dd><ul><li>
+#. type: Content of: <div><div><ul><li>
msgid "that is not designed to attack you,"
msgstr ""
-#. type: Content of: <dl><dd><ul><li>
+#. type: Content of: <div><div><ul><li>
msgid "which runs free software and not proprietary software,"
msgstr ""
-#. type: Content of: <dl><dd><ul><li>
+#. type: Content of: <div><div><ul><li>
msgid "which doesn't have DRM,"
msgstr ""
-#. type: Content of: <dl><dd><ul><li>
+#. type: Content of: <div><div><ul><li>
msgid "which doesn't make people identify yourself to get a book,"
msgstr ""
-#. type: Content of: <dl><dd><ul><li>
+#. type: Content of: <div><div><ul><li>
msgid "which doesn't have a back door, [and]"
msgstr ""
-#. type: Content of: <dl><dd><ul><li>
+#. type: Content of: <div><div><ul><li>
msgid "which doesn't restrict what you can do with the files on your machine."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Content of: <dl><dd><p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><div><p>
msgid ""
"It's possible, but the big companies really pushing e-books are doing it to "
"attack our freedom, and we mustn't stand for that. This is what governments "
@@ -912,19 +906,19 @@
"copyright harsher and nastier, more restrictive than ever before."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Content of: <dl><dd><p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><div><p>
msgid ""
"But what should they do? Governments should make copyright power less. Here "
"are my specific proposals."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Content of: <dl><dd><p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><div><p>
msgid ""
"First of all, there is the dimension of time. I propose copyright should "
"last ten years, starting from the date of publication of a work."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Content of: <dl><dd><p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><div><p>
msgid ""
"Why from the date of publication? Because before that, we don't have "
"copies. It doesn't matter to us whether we would have been allowed to copy "
@@ -933,7 +927,7 @@
"clock."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Content of: <dl><dd><p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><div><p>
msgid ""
"But why ten years? I don't know about in this country, but in the US, the "
"publication cycle has got shorter and shorter. Nowadays almost all books "
@@ -942,7 +936,7 @@
"be plenty comfortable."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Content of: <dl><dd><p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><div><p>
msgid ""
"But not everybody agrees. I once proposed this in a panel discussion with "
"fiction writers, and the award-winning fantasy writer next to me said "
@@ -953,7 +947,7 @@
"distributing copies himself, which he wanted to do so people could read it."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Content of: <dl><dd><p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><div><p>
msgid ""
"This is what every artist starts out wanting—wanting to distribute her "
"work so it will get read and appreciated. Very few make a lot of money. "
@@ -961,7 +955,7 @@
"J.K. Rowling."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Content of: <dl><dd><p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><div><p>
msgid ""
"J.K. Rowling, in Canada, got an injunction against people who had bought her "
"book in a bookstore, ordering them not to read it. So in response I call "
@@ -970,7 +964,7 @@
"shouldn't buy them."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Content of: <dl><dd><p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><div><p>
msgid ""
"It's few authors that make enough money that they can be corrupted in this "
"way. Most of them don't get anywhere near that, and continue wanting the "
@@ -978,14 +972,14 @@
"appreciated."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Content of: <dl><dd><p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><div><p>
msgid ""
"He wanted to distribute his own book, and copyright was stopping him. He "
"realized that more than five years of copyright was unlikely to ever do him "
"any good."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Content of: <dl><dd><p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><div><p>
msgid ""
"If people would rather have copyright last five years, I won't be against "
"it. I propose ten as a first stab at the problem. Let's reduce it to ten "
@@ -993,13 +987,13 @@
"don't say I think ten years is the exact right number—I don't know."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Content of: <dl><dd><p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><div><p>
msgid ""
"What about the dimension of breadth? Which activities should copyright "
"cover? I distinguish three broad categories of works."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Content of: <dl><dd><p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><div><p>
msgid ""
"First of all, there are the functional works that you use to do a practical "
"job in your life. This includes software, recipes, educational works, "
@@ -1007,7 +1001,7 @@
"should be free."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Content of: <dl><dd><p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><div><p>
msgid ""
"If you use the work to do a job in your life, then if you can't change the "
"work to suit you, you don't control your life. Once you have changed the "
@@ -1016,29 +1010,29 @@
"you've made."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Content of: <dl><dd><p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><div><p>
msgid ""
"This leads quickly to the conclusion that users have to have the same four "
"freedoms [for all functional works], not just for software. And you'll "
"notice that for recipes, practically speaking, cooks are always sharing and "
"changing recipes just as if the recipes were free. Imagine how people would "
"react if the government tried to stamp out so-called “recipe "
-"piracy”."
+"piracy.”"
msgstr ""
-#. type: Content of: <dl><dd><p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><div><p>
msgid ""
"The term “pirate” is pure propaganda. When people ask me what I "
"think of music piracy, I say “As far as I know, when pirates attack "
"they don't do it by playing instruments badly, they do it with arms. So "
-"it's not music “piracy”, because piracy is attacking ships, and "
+"it's not music “piracy,” because piracy is attacking ships, and "
"sharing is as far as you get from being the moral equivalent of attacking "
-"ships”. Attacking ships is bad, sharing with other people is good, so "
+"ships.” Attacking ships is bad, sharing with other people is good, so "
"we should firmly denounce that propaganda term “piracy” whenever "
"we hear it."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Content of: <dl><dd><p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><div><p>
msgid ""
"People might have objected twenty years ago: “If we don't give up our "
"freedom, if we don't let the publishers of these works control us, the works "
@@ -1048,7 +1042,7 @@
"textbooks being published—we know that that fear is misguided."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Content of: <dl><dd><p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><div><p>
msgid ""
"There is no need to despair and give up our freedom thinking that otherwise "
"the works won't get made. There are lots of ways to encourage them to get "
@@ -1056,7 +1050,7 @@
"our freedom. In this category, they should all be free."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Content of: <dl><dd><p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><div><p>
msgid ""
"But what about the second category, of works that say what certain people "
"thought, like memoirs, essays of opinion, scientific papers, and various "
@@ -1065,7 +1059,7 @@
"somebody. That's not particularly a contribution to society."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Content of: <dl><dd><p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><div><p>
msgid ""
"Therefore it is workable and acceptable to have a somewhat reduced copyright "
"system where all commercial use is covered by copyright, all modification is "
@@ -1073,7 +1067,7 @@
"exact copies."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Content of: <dl><dd><p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><div><p>
msgid ""
"[2015 note: publishing scientific papers under the CC Attribution license "
"(CC-BY) is widely done, in accessible journals and arXiv.org, and it seems "
@@ -1082,7 +1076,7 @@
"publications.]"
msgstr ""
-#. type: Content of: <dl><dd><p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><div><p>
msgid ""
"That freedom is the minimum freedom we must establish for all published "
"works, because the denial of that freedom is what creates the War on "
@@ -1093,7 +1087,7 @@
"any published work."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Content of: <dl><dd><p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><div><p>
msgid ""
"In the second category of works, that's all we need; we don't need to make "
"them free. Therefore I think it's OK to have a reduced copyright system "
@@ -1103,13 +1097,13 @@
"system, except for superstars, is usually totally inadequate."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Content of: <dl><dd><p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><div><p>
msgid ""
"What about works of art and entertainment? Here it took me a while to decide "
"what to think about modifications."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Content of: <dl><dd><p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><div><p>
msgid ""
"You see, on one hand, a work of art can have an artistic integrity and "
"modifying it could destroy that. Of course, copyright doesn't necessarily "
@@ -1119,7 +1113,7 @@
"and rich."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Content of: <dl><dd><p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><div><p>
msgid ""
"Even if we look at named authors only: consider Shakespeare, who borrowed "
"stories from other works only a few decades old, and did them in different "
@@ -1128,7 +1122,7 @@
"been written."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Content of: <dl><dd><p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><div><p>
msgid ""
"But eventually I realized that modifying a work of art can be a contribution "
"to art, but it's not desperately urgent in most cases. If you had to wait "
@@ -1140,7 +1134,7 @@
"can wait."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Content of: <dl><dd><p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><div><p>
msgid ""
"So I propose the same partly reduced copyright that covers commercial use "
"and modification, but everyone's got to be free to non-commercially "
@@ -1148,7 +1142,7 @@
"and people can contribute to art by publishing their modified versions."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Content of: <dl><dd><p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><div><p>
msgid ""
"One other thing: if you're going to take little pieces out of a bunch of "
"works and rearrange them into something totally different, that should just "
@@ -1160,14 +1154,14 @@
"purpose."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Content of: <dl><dd><p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><div><p>
msgid ""
"That's what I propose, and in particular, this means that sharing copies on "
"the Internet must be legal. Sharing is good. Sharing builds the bonds of "
"society. To attack sharing is to attack society."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Content of: <dl><dd><p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><div><p>
msgid ""
"So any time the government proposes some new means to attack people who "
"share, to stop them from sharing, we have to recognize that this is evil, "
@@ -1176,7 +1170,7 @@
"is evil. Sharing is good and the government should encourage sharing."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Content of: <dl><dd><p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><div><p>
msgid ""
"But copyright did after all have a useful purpose. Copyright as a means to "
"carry out that purpose has a problem now, because it doesn't fit in with the "
@@ -1187,7 +1181,7 @@
"methods."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Content of: <dl><dd><p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><div><p>
msgid ""
"<a id=\"tax-money-for-artists\">One [works via] taxes</a>—distribute "
"tax money directly to artists. This could be a special tax, perhaps on "
@@ -1200,7 +1194,7 @@
"proportion."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Content of: <dl><dd><p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><div><p>
msgid ""
"What I propose is measure the popularity of the various artists, which you "
"could do through polling (samples) in which nobody is required to "
@@ -1208,20 +1202,20 @@
"means basically that [the payment] tapers off after a while."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Content of: <dl><dd><p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><div><p>
msgid ""
"If superstar A is a thousand times as popular as successful artist B, with "
"this system A would get ten times as much money as B, not a thousand times."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Content of: <dl><dd><p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><div><p>
msgid ""
"Linearly would give A a thousand times as much as B, which means that if we "
"wanted B to get enough to live on we're going to have to make A tremendously "
"rich. This is wasteful use of the tax money—it shouldn't be done."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Content of: <dl><dd><p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><div><p>
msgid ""
"But if we make it taper off, then yes, each superstar will get handsomely "
"more than an ordinary successful artist, but the total of all the superstars "
@@ -1231,7 +1225,7 @@
"efficiently than the existing system."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Content of: <dl><dd><p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><div><p>
msgid ""
"The existing system is regressive. It actually gives far, far more per "
"record, for instance, to a superstar than to anybody else. The money is "
@@ -1241,7 +1235,7 @@
"believe in a welfare state."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Content of: <dl><dd><p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><div><p>
msgid ""
"I have another suggestion which is voluntary payments. Suppose every player "
"had a button you could push to send a dollar to the artist who made the work "
@@ -1250,7 +1244,7 @@
"that button fairly often."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Content of: <dl><dd><p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><div><p>
msgid ""
"For instance, all of us could afford to push that button once every day, and "
"we wouldn't miss that much money. It's not that much money for us, I'm "
@@ -1261,16 +1255,16 @@
"really love certain art and are really happy to support the artists."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Content of: <dl><dd><p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><div><p>
msgid ""
"An idea just came to me. The player could also give you a certificate of "
"having supported so-and-so, and it could even count up how many times you "
"had done it and give you a certificate that says “I sent so much to "
-"these artists”. There are various ways we could encourage people who "
+"these artists.” There are various ways we could encourage people who "
"want to do it."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Content of: <dl><dd><p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><div><p>
msgid ""
"For instance, we could have a PR campaign which is friendly and kind: "
"“Have you sent a dollar to some artists today? Why not? It's only a "
@@ -1279,7 +1273,7 @@
"“Yeah, I love what I just watched. I'll send a dollar.”"
msgstr ""
-#. type: Content of: <dl><dd><p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><div><p>
msgid ""
"This is already starting to work to some extent. There's a Canadian singer "
"who used to be called Jane Siberry. She put her music on her website and "
@@ -1293,7 +1287,7 @@
"this average was against."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Content of: <dl><dd><p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><div><p>
msgid ""
"So it can work, but it's a pain in the neck under present circumstances. "
"You've got to have a credit card to do it, and that means you can't do it "
@@ -1303,39 +1297,39 @@
"it would work far, far better."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Content of: <dl><dd><p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><div><p>
msgid "So these are my two suggestions."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Content of: <dl><dd><p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><div><p>
msgid ""
"And in mecenatglobal.org, you can find another scheme that combines aspects "
"of the two, which was invented by Francis Muguet and designed to fit in with "
"existing legal systems better to make it easier to enact."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Content of: <dl><dd><p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><div><p>
msgid ""
-"Be careful of proposals to “compensate the rights holders”, "
-"because when they say “compensate”, they're trying to presume "
+"Be careful of proposals to “compensate the rights holders,” "
+"because when they say “compensate,” they're trying to presume "
"that if you have appreciated a work, you now have a specific debt to "
"somebody, and that you have to “compensate” that somebody. When "
-"they say “rights holders”, it's supposed to make you think it's "
+"they say “rights holders,” it's supposed to make you think it's "
"supporting artists while in fact it's going to the publishers—the same "
"publishers who basically exploit all the artists (except the few that you've "
"all heard of, who are so popular that they have clout)."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Content of: <dl><dd><p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><div><p>
msgid ""
"We don't owe a debt; we have nobody that we have to "
-"“compensate”. [But] supporting the arts is still a useful thing "
+"“compensate.” [But] supporting the arts is still a useful thing "
"to do. That was the motivation for copyright back when copyright fit in "
"with the technology of the day. Today copyright is a bad way to do it, but "
"it's still good to do it other ways that respect our freedom."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Content of: <dl><dd><p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><div><p>
msgid ""
"Demand that they change the two evil parts of the New Zealand Copyright "
"Act. They shouldn't replace the three strikes punishment<a "
@@ -1346,49 +1340,44 @@
"because they won't tell us."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Content of: <h3>
+#. type: Content of: <div><div><h3>
msgid "Footnotes"
msgstr ""
-#. type: Content of: <ol><li>
-msgid ""
-"In 2010, the encryption system for digital video output was definitively "
-"cracked."
-msgstr ""
-
-#. type: Content of: <ol><li>
+#. type: Content of: <div><div><ol><li>
msgid ""
-"<a "
-"href=\"http://www.pcmag.com/article2/0,2817,2369280,00.asp\";>http://www.pcmag.com/article2/0,2817,2369280,00.asp</a>"
+"In 2010, the encryption system for digital video output was <a "
+"href=\"https://www.pcmag.com/archive/hdcp-master-key-confirmed-blu-ray-content-vulnerable-254650\";>
"
+"definitively cracked</a>."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Content of: <ol><li>
+#. type: Content of: <div><div><ol><li>
msgid ""
"2015: I included scientific papers because I thought that publishing "
"modified versions of someone else's paper would cause harm; however, "
"publishing physics and math papers under the Creative Commons Attribution "
-"License on <a href=\"//arxiv.org/\">arXiv.org</a> and many libre journals "
-"seems to have no problems. Thus, I subsequently concluded that scientific "
-"papers ought to be free."
+"License on <a href=\"https://arxiv.org/\";>arXiv.org</a> and many libre "
+"journals seems to have no problems. Thus, I subsequently concluded that "
+"scientific papers ought to be free."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Content of: <ol><li>
+#. type: Content of: <div><div><ol><li>
msgid ""
"New Zealand had enacted a system of punishment without trial for Internet "
"users accused of copying; then, facing popular protest, the government did "
"not implement it, and announced a plan to implement a modified unjust "
"punishment system. The point here was that they should not proceed to "
-"implement a replacement — rather, they should have no such system. "
+"implement a replacement—rather, they should have no such system. "
"However, the words I used don't say this clearly."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Content of: <ol><li>
+#. type: Content of: <div><div><ol><li>
msgid ""
"The New Zealand government subsequently implemented the punishment scheme "
"more or less as originally planned."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Content of: <ol><li>
+#. type: Content of: <div><div><ol><li>
msgid ""
"That was true at the time. As of 2018, it is possible to load books from "
"other sources, but the device reports the name of the book being read to "
@@ -1420,7 +1409,7 @@
#
#. <web-translators@gnu.org></a>.</p>
#
-#. <p>For information on coordinating and submitting translations of
+#. <p>For information on coordinating and contributing translations of
#. our web pages, see <a
#. href="/server/standards/README.translations.html">Translations
#. README</a>.
@@ -1428,13 +1417,14 @@
msgid ""
"Please see the <a "
"href=\"/server/standards/README.translations.html\">Translations README</a> "
-"for information on coordinating and submitting translations of this article."
+"for information on coordinating and contributing translations of this "
+"article."
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
-"Copyright © 2001, 2007, 2009, 2014, 2015, 2016, 2018, 2019, 2020 Free "
-"Software Foundation, Inc."
+"Copyright © 2009, 2010, 2012, 2015, 2018, 2021 Free Software "
+"Foundation, Inc."
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <div><p>
Index: correcting-france-mistake.pot
===================================================================
RCS file: /web/www/www/philosophy/po/correcting-france-mistake.pot,v
retrieving revision 1.8
retrieving revision 1.9
diff -u -b -r1.8 -r1.9
--- correcting-france-mistake.pot 5 Apr 2014 15:43:04 -0000 1.8
+++ correcting-france-mistake.pot 2 Sep 2021 10:56:32 -0000 1.9
@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-# LANGUAGE translation of
http://www.gnu.org/philosophy/correcting-france-mistake.html
+# LANGUAGE translation of
https://www.gnu.org/philosophy/correcting-france-mistake.html
# Copyright (C) YEAR Free Software Foundation, Inc.
# This file is distributed under the same license as the original article.
# FIRST AUTHOR <EMAIL@ADDRESS>, YEAR.
@@ -7,13 +7,14 @@
msgid ""
msgstr ""
"Project-Id-Version: correcting-france-mistake.html\n"
-"POT-Creation-Date: 2014-04-05 15:25+0000\n"
+"POT-Creation-Date: 2021-09-02 10:56+0000\n"
"PO-Revision-Date: YEAR-MO-DA HO:MI+ZONE\n"
"Last-Translator: FULL NAME <EMAIL@ADDRESS>\n"
"Language-Team: LANGUAGE <LL@li.org>\n"
+"Language: \n"
"MIME-Version: 1.0\n"
"Content-Type: text/plain; charset=CHARSET\n"
-"Content-Transfer-Encoding: ENCODING"
+"Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit\n"
#. type: Content of: <title>
msgid ""
@@ -21,26 +22,24 @@
"Foundation"
msgstr ""
-#. type: Content of: <h2>
+#. type: Content of: <div><h2>
msgid "Correcting My Mistake about French Law"
msgstr ""
-#. type: Content of: <p>
-msgid ""
-"by <a href=\"http://www.stallman.org/\";><strong>Richard "
-"Stallman</strong></a>"
+#. type: Content of: <div><address>
+msgid "by <a href=\"https://www.stallman.org/\";>Richard Stallman</a>"
msgstr ""
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"For several years I've said in my speeches that it was a crime in France, "
"punishable by imprisonment, to have a copy of the free software that can "
"decrypt the video on a DVD. That encryption is an example of DRM (Digital "
"Restrictions Management), the malicious features <a "
-"href=\"http://DefectiveByDesign.org/\";>designed to restrict users</a>."
+"href=\"https://www.defectivebydesign.org/\";>designed to restrict users</a>."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"That is what Sarkozy's DADVSI law said when it was adopted, but I recently "
"learned that the Conseil d'Etat introduced some exceptions. In fact, free "
@@ -49,7 +48,7 @@
"the Digital Millennium Copyright Act."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"However, it's not clear whether this will apply to other DRM schemes. There "
"is a danger that the complex conditions will specifically prohibit free "
@@ -59,7 +58,7 @@
"program to play a Bluray disk."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"It is certainly not <em>wrong</em> to have a copy of such a program. The "
"software that's wrong is nonfree software; the only ethical program to play "
@@ -68,7 +67,7 @@
"you should keep such programs hidden."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"When I first got a drive that handles DVDs, the reason I decided not to "
"install free DVD-playing software was because of this French law. I go to "
@@ -78,14 +77,14 @@
"have no software for this job. Thus, I could not play encrypted DVDs at all."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"Knowing now that I won't be imprisoned for bringing libdvdcss into France, I "
"could consider having a copy, which would give me the option of playing DVDs "
"that have DRM."
msgstr ""
-#. type: Content of: <p>
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"However, I think I won't do it. I have got used to avoiding encrypted DVDs, "
"and this has the bonus of giving Hollywood no money with which to lobby for "
@@ -116,7 +115,7 @@
#
#. <web-translators@gnu.org></a>.</p>
#
-#. <p>For information on coordinating and submitting translations of
+#. <p>For information on coordinating and contributing translations of
#. our web pages, see <a
#. href="/server/standards/README.translations.html">Translations
#. README</a>.
@@ -124,18 +123,19 @@
msgid ""
"Please see the <a "
"href=\"/server/standards/README.translations.html\">Translations README</a> "
-"for information on coordinating and submitting translations of this article."
+"for information on coordinating and contributing translations of this "
+"article."
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <div><p>
-msgid "Copyright © 2012, 2014 Richard M. Stallman."
+msgid "Copyright © 2012, 2021 Richard Stallman."
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <div><p>
msgid ""
"This page is licensed under a <a rel=\"license\" "
-"href=\"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nd/3.0/us/\";>Creative Commons "
-"Attribution-NoDerivs 3.0 United States License</a>."
+"href=\"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nd/4.0/\";>Creative Commons "
+"Attribution-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License</a>."
msgstr ""
#. TRANSLATORS: Use space (SPC) as msgstr if you don't want credits.
| [Prev in Thread] |
Current Thread |
[Next in Thread] |
- www/philosophy/po computing-progress.pot contra...,
GNUN <=