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www/philosophy amazon-nat.html amazon-rms-tim.h...
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From: |
Therese Godefroy |
|
Subject: |
www/philosophy amazon-nat.html amazon-rms-tim.h... |
|
Date: |
Thu, 2 Sep 2021 04:42:02 -0400 (EDT) |
CVSROOT: /webcvs/www
Module name: www
Changes by: Therese Godefroy <th_g> 21/09/02 04:42:02
Modified files:
philosophy : amazon-nat.html amazon-rms-tim.html amazon.html
assigning-copyright.html
bill-gates-and-other-communists.html
boldrin-levine.html
bug-nobody-allowed-to-understand.html
censoring-emacs.html computing-progress.html
contradictory-support.html
copyright-versus-community-2000.html
copyright-versus-community.html
correcting-france-mistake.html dat.html
devils-advocate.html
digital-inclusion-in-freedom.html
dmarti-patent.html drdobbs-letter.html
ebooks-must-increase-freedom.html ebooks.html
Log message:
* Add breadcrumb; use byline class; update to boilerplate 1.96;
only list copyrightable years.
* As needed: move pub info to the bottom; update links; http > https;
non-free > nonfree; comma/period before end quote; minor style changes.
CVSWeb URLs:
http://web.cvs.savannah.gnu.org/viewcvs/www/philosophy/amazon-nat.html?cvsroot=www&r1=1.27&r2=1.28
http://web.cvs.savannah.gnu.org/viewcvs/www/philosophy/amazon-rms-tim.html?cvsroot=www&r1=1.24&r2=1.25
http://web.cvs.savannah.gnu.org/viewcvs/www/philosophy/amazon.html?cvsroot=www&r1=1.60&r2=1.61
http://web.cvs.savannah.gnu.org/viewcvs/www/philosophy/assigning-copyright.html?cvsroot=www&r1=1.17&r2=1.18
http://web.cvs.savannah.gnu.org/viewcvs/www/philosophy/bill-gates-and-other-communists.html?cvsroot=www&r1=1.6&r2=1.7
http://web.cvs.savannah.gnu.org/viewcvs/www/philosophy/boldrin-levine.html?cvsroot=www&r1=1.33&r2=1.34
http://web.cvs.savannah.gnu.org/viewcvs/www/philosophy/bug-nobody-allowed-to-understand.html?cvsroot=www&r1=1.13&r2=1.14
http://web.cvs.savannah.gnu.org/viewcvs/www/philosophy/censoring-emacs.html?cvsroot=www&r1=1.26&r2=1.27
http://web.cvs.savannah.gnu.org/viewcvs/www/philosophy/computing-progress.html?cvsroot=www&r1=1.22&r2=1.23
http://web.cvs.savannah.gnu.org/viewcvs/www/philosophy/contradictory-support.html?cvsroot=www&r1=1.10&r2=1.11
http://web.cvs.savannah.gnu.org/viewcvs/www/philosophy/copyright-versus-community-2000.html?cvsroot=www&r1=1.21&r2=1.22
http://web.cvs.savannah.gnu.org/viewcvs/www/philosophy/copyright-versus-community.html?cvsroot=www&r1=1.53&r2=1.54
http://web.cvs.savannah.gnu.org/viewcvs/www/philosophy/correcting-france-mistake.html?cvsroot=www&r1=1.13&r2=1.14
http://web.cvs.savannah.gnu.org/viewcvs/www/philosophy/dat.html?cvsroot=www&r1=1.33&r2=1.34
http://web.cvs.savannah.gnu.org/viewcvs/www/philosophy/devils-advocate.html?cvsroot=www&r1=1.7&r2=1.8
http://web.cvs.savannah.gnu.org/viewcvs/www/philosophy/digital-inclusion-in-freedom.html?cvsroot=www&r1=1.54&r2=1.55
http://web.cvs.savannah.gnu.org/viewcvs/www/philosophy/dmarti-patent.html?cvsroot=www&r1=1.22&r2=1.23
http://web.cvs.savannah.gnu.org/viewcvs/www/philosophy/drdobbs-letter.html?cvsroot=www&r1=1.29&r2=1.30
http://web.cvs.savannah.gnu.org/viewcvs/www/philosophy/ebooks-must-increase-freedom.html?cvsroot=www&r1=1.29&r2=1.30
http://web.cvs.savannah.gnu.org/viewcvs/www/philosophy/ebooks.html?cvsroot=www&r1=1.35&r2=1.36
Patches:
Index: amazon-nat.html
===================================================================
RCS file: /webcvs/www/www/philosophy/amazon-nat.html,v
retrieving revision 1.27
retrieving revision 1.28
diff -u -b -r1.27 -r1.28
--- amazon-nat.html 12 Apr 2014 12:39:57 -0000 1.27
+++ amazon-nat.html 2 Sep 2021 08:42:02 -0000 1.28
@@ -1,26 +1,37 @@
<!--#include virtual="/server/header.html" -->
-<!-- Parent-Version: 1.77 -->
+<!-- Parent-Version: 1.96 -->
+<!-- This page is derived from /server/standards/boilerplate.html -->
+<!--#set var="TAGS" value="essays laws patents" -->
+<!--#set var="DISABLE_TOP_ADDENDUM" value="yes" -->
<title>Amazon Letter from Nat
- GNU Project - Free Software Foundation</title>
<!--#include virtual="/philosophy/po/amazon-nat.translist" -->
<!--#include virtual="/server/banner.html" -->
+<!--#include virtual="/philosophy/ph-breadcrumb.html" -->
+<!--GNUN: OUT-OF-DATE NOTICE-->
+<!--#include virtual="/server/top-addendum.html" -->
+<div class="article reduced-width">
<h2>Amazon Letter from Nat</h2>
-<p>This is a letter from Nat Friedman regarding the Amazon Boycott.
+<div class="infobox">
+<p><i>This is a letter from Nat Friedman regarding the Amazon Boycott.
Please <a href="/philosophy/amazon.html">read more about this
boycott</a> and support us by making a link from your own home
-page!</p>
+page!</i></p>
+</div>
+<hr class="thin" />
-<pre>
-Date: Thu, 23 Dec 1999 17:26:30 -0500 (EST)
-From: Nat Friedman <nat@nat.org>
-To: Richard Stallman <rms@gnu.org>
-Subject: Amazon Boycott Success!
-Content-Type: text/plain; charset=us-ascii
-Content-Length: 658
+<p class="infobox">
+Date: Thu, 23 Dec 1999 17:26:30 -0500 (EST)<br />
+From: Nat Friedman <nat@nat.org><br />
+To: Richard Stallman <rms@gnu.org><br />
+Subject: Amazon Boycott Success!<br />
+Content-Type: text/plain; charset=us-ascii<br />
+Content-Length: 658</p>
+<p>
Hello Richard,
-
+</p><p>
It seems that your efforts to build resistance to Amazon's
ludicrous one-click patent are really paying off! My father is a
stock broker, and tonight he showed me a news item which came over his
@@ -29,19 +40,20 @@
distributed among the brokerage firms, and AMZN was down 7 points
today on the news (at least, there was no other readily-apparent
reason for the downturn).
-
+</p><p>
Perhaps now that Amazon is getting hit in the pocketbook, they'll
pay more attention.
-
+</p><p>
Congratulations! Keep it up.
-
-As always, best wishes,
+</p><p>
+As always, best wishes,<br />
Nat
-</pre>
+</p>
+</div>
</div><!-- for id="content", starts in the include above -->
<!--#include virtual="/server/footer.html" -->
-<div id="footer">
+<div id="footer" role="contentinfo">
<div class="unprintable">
<p>Please send general FSF & GNU inquiries to
@@ -59,13 +71,13 @@
to <a href="mailto:web-translators@gnu.org";>
<web-translators@gnu.org></a>.</p>
- <p>For information on coordinating and submitting translations of
+ <p>For information on coordinating and contributing translations of
our web pages, see <a
href="/server/standards/README.translations.html">Translations
README</a>. -->
Please see the <a
href="/server/standards/README.translations.html">Translations
-README</a> for information on coordinating and submitting translations
+README</a> for information on coordinating and contributing translations
of this article.</p>
</div>
@@ -86,7 +98,7 @@
There is more detail about copyright years in the GNU Maintainers
Information document, www.gnu.org/prep/maintain. -->
-<p>Copyright © 1999, 2007, 2008, 2014 Free Software Foundation, Inc.</p>
+<p>Copyright © 1999 Free Software Foundation, Inc.</p>
<p>This page is licensed under a <a rel="license"
href="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nd/3.0/us/";>Creative
@@ -96,10 +108,10 @@
<p class="unprintable">Updated:
<!-- timestamp start -->
-$Date: 2014/04/12 12:39:57 $
+$Date: 2021/09/02 08:42:02 $
<!-- timestamp end -->
</p>
</div>
-</div>
+</div><!-- for class="inner", starts in the banner include -->
</body>
</html>
Index: amazon-rms-tim.html
===================================================================
RCS file: /webcvs/www/www/philosophy/amazon-rms-tim.html,v
retrieving revision 1.24
retrieving revision 1.25
diff -u -b -r1.24 -r1.25
--- amazon-rms-tim.html 4 Jul 2020 15:55:21 -0000 1.24
+++ amazon-rms-tim.html 2 Sep 2021 08:42:02 -0000 1.25
@@ -1,55 +1,66 @@
<!--#include virtual="/server/header.html" -->
-<!-- Parent-Version: 1.77 -->
-<title>Amazon letter from RMS to Tim O'Reilly
+<!-- Parent-Version: 1.96 -->
+<!-- This page is derived from /server/standards/boilerplate.html -->
+<!--#set var="TAGS" value="essays laws patents" -->
+<!--#set var="DISABLE_TOP_ADDENDUM" value="yes" -->
+<title>Amazon Letter from RMS to Tim O'Reilly
- GNU Project - Free Software Foundation</title>
<!--#include virtual="/philosophy/po/amazon-rms-tim.translist" -->
<!--#include virtual="/server/banner.html" -->
+<!--#include virtual="/philosophy/ph-breadcrumb.html" -->
+<!--GNUN: OUT-OF-DATE NOTICE-->
+<!--#include virtual="/server/top-addendum.html" -->
+<div class="article reduced-width">
<h2>Letter from RMS to Tim O'Reilly</h2>
-<p>
-Here's a message that <a href="http://www.stallman.org/";>Richard
+<div class="infobox">
+<p><i>Here's a message that <a href="https://www.stallman.org/";>Richard
M. Stallman</a> sent to Tim O'Reilly on March 11, 2000, in regard to
the statement by Jeff Bezos, <abbr title="Chief Executive Officer">CEO</abbr>
-of Amazon, which called for software patents to last just 3 or 5 years.</p>
+of Amazon, which called for software patents to last just 3 or 5 years.</i></p>
+</div>
+<div class="important">
<p>
Please <a href="/philosophy/amazon.html">read more</a> about this boycott.
</p>
<p>
Please also support us by making a link from your own home
-page and sites to
+page and sites to<br />
<a
href="/philosophy/amazon.html"><strong>http://www.gnu.org/philosophy/amazon.html</strong></a>!
</p>
+</div>
+<hr class="thin" />
-<pre>
+<p>
The idea that software patents should last 3 or 5 years has been
proposed for a decade now, as a compromise that would eliminate most
of the harm that software patents now do. Support for this idea from
Jeff Bezos is a good thing, since it may bring us a step closer to
action by Congress. Congratulations for helping to bring this about.
-
+</p><p>
But such a law is far from imminent, and in the mean time, Amazon is
still responsible for its actions.
-
+</p><p>
We singled out Amazon for a boycott, among the thousands of companies
that have obtained software patents, because Amazon is among the few
that have gone so far as to actually sue someone. That makes them an
egregious offender. Most software patent holders say they have
-software patents "for defensive purposes", to press for
+software patents “for defensive purposes.” to press for
cross-licensing in case they are threatened with patent lawsuits.
Since this is a real strategy for self-defense, many of these patent
holders could mean what they say. But this excuse is not available
for Amazon, because they fired the first shot.
-
+</p><p>
Bezos's letter reaffirms Amazon's continuing intention to engage in
unrestricted patent warfare, saying that the decision of when and
-where to attack will be decided by "business reasons". I would gladly
+where to attack will be decided by “business reasons.” I would
gladly
join Bezos in supporting a bill to limit software patents to 3 or 5
years, but I believe we must continue to criticize and boycott Amazon
-until such a bill is actually adopted--or until Amazon makes some
+until such a bill is actually adopted—or until Amazon makes some
other suitable change in its own conduct to justify a change in ours.
-
+</p><p>
This does not mean insisting that Amazon must go so far as to
terminate its own patents. Deterrence with patents is an inadequate
defense against aggressors armed with patents, but it is the only
@@ -59,11 +70,12 @@
aggression, and adopt a no-first-use policy. If Amazon does this, in
an irrevocable and binding way, I would have no further criticism of
Amazon.
-</pre>
+</p>
+</div>
</div><!-- for id="content", starts in the include above -->
<!--#include virtual="/server/footer.html" -->
-<div id="footer">
+<div id="footer" role="contentinfo">
<div class="unprintable">
<p>Please send general FSF & GNU inquiries to
@@ -81,13 +93,13 @@
to <a href="mailto:web-translators@gnu.org";>
<web-translators@gnu.org></a>.</p>
- <p>For information on coordinating and submitting translations of
+ <p>For information on coordinating and contributing translations of
our web pages, see <a
href="/server/standards/README.translations.html">Translations
README</a>. -->
Please see the <a
href="/server/standards/README.translations.html">Translations
-README</a> for information on coordinating and submitting translations
+README</a> for information on coordinating and contributing translations
of this article.</p>
</div>
@@ -108,7 +120,7 @@
There is more detail about copyright years in the GNU Maintainers
Information document, www.gnu.org/prep/maintain. -->
-<p>Copyright © 1999, 2007, 2008, 2014, 2020 Free Software Foundation,
Inc.</p>
+<p>Copyright © 2000 Free Software Foundation, Inc.</p>
<p>This page is licensed under a <a rel="license"
href="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nd/4.0/";>Creative
@@ -118,10 +130,10 @@
<p class="unprintable">Updated:
<!-- timestamp start -->
-$Date: 2020/07/04 15:55:21 $
+$Date: 2021/09/02 08:42:02 $
<!-- timestamp end -->
</p>
</div>
-</div>
+</div><!-- for class="inner", starts in the banner include -->
</body>
</html>
Index: amazon.html
===================================================================
RCS file: /webcvs/www/www/philosophy/amazon.html,v
retrieving revision 1.60
retrieving revision 1.61
diff -u -b -r1.60 -r1.61
--- amazon.html 1 Jul 2020 15:25:23 -0000 1.60
+++ amazon.html 2 Sep 2021 08:42:02 -0000 1.61
@@ -1,24 +1,31 @@
<!--#include virtual="/server/header.html" -->
-<!-- Parent-Version: 1.86 -->
+<!-- Parent-Version: 1.96 -->
+<!-- This page is derived from /server/standards/boilerplate.html -->
+<!--#set var="TAGS" value="essays laws patents" -->
+<!--#set var="DISABLE_TOP_ADDENDUM" value="yes" -->
<title>(Formerly) Boycott Amazon! - GNU Project - Free Software
Foundation</title>
<!--#include virtual="/philosophy/po/amazon.translist" -->
<!--#include virtual="/server/banner.html" -->
+<!--#include virtual="/philosophy/ph-breadcrumb.html" -->
+<!--GNUN: OUT-OF-DATE NOTICE-->
+<!--#include virtual="/server/top-addendum.html" -->
+<div class="article reduced-width">
<h2>(Formerly) Boycott Amazon!</h2>
-<div class="comment">
+<div class="infobox">
<p>
-The FSF decided to end its boycott of Amazon in September 2002. (We
+<i>The FSF decided to end its boycott of Amazon in September 2002. (We
forgot to edit this page at the time.) We could not tell the precise
result of the lawsuit against Barnes & Noble, but it did not seem to
be very harmful to the defendant. And Amazon had not attacked anyone
-else.</p>
+else.</i></p>
<p>
-Amazon has got a number of other menacing patents since then, but has
+<i>Amazon has got a number of other menacing patents since then, but has
not as yet used them for aggression. Perhaps it will not do so. If
-it does, we will take a look at how to denounce it.</p>
+it does, we will take a look at how to denounce it.</i></p>
<p>
-The rest of this page is as it was in 2001 while the boycott
-was active.</p>
+<i>The rest of this page is as it was in 2001 while the boycott
+was active.</i></p>
</div>
<hr class="thin" />
@@ -40,7 +47,7 @@
E-commerce: an idea sometimes known as one-click purchasing. The idea
is that your command in a web browser to buy a certain item can carry
along information about your identity. (It works by sending the
-server a “cookie”, a kind of ID code that your browser
+server a “cookie,” a kind of ID code that your browser
received previously from the same server.)</p>
<p>
Amazon has sued to block the use of this simple idea, showing that
@@ -173,14 +180,14 @@
<p>
Tim O'Reilly has sent Amazon an
-<a
href="http://www.oreilly.com/pub/a/oreilly/ask_tim/2000/amazon_patent.html";>open
+<a
href="https://web.archive.org/web/20131114095827/http://www.oreilly.com/pub/a/oreilly/ask_tim/2000/amazon_patent.html";>open
letter</a>
disapproving of the use of this patent,
stating the position about as forcefully as possible given an
unwillingness to stop doing business with them.</p>
<p>
-<a href="http://www.stallman.org/";>Richard M. Stallman</a> has written a
+<a href="https://www.stallman.org/";>Richard M. Stallman</a> has written a
<a href="/philosophy/amazon-rms-tim.html">letter to Tim O'Reilly</a>
in regard to the statement by Jeff Bezos, <abbr title="Chief
Executive Officer">CEO</abbr> of Amazon, which called for software
@@ -204,19 +211,20 @@
<p>
See <a
-href="http://endsoftpatents.org";>http://endsoftpatents.org</a> for
+href="https://endsoftpatents.org";>endsoftpatents.org</a> for
more information about the broader issue of
<a
href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150329143651/http://progfree.org/Patents/patents.html";>
software patents</a>.</p>
<p>
-<a
href="http://web.archive.org/web/20010430183216/http://www.cpsr.org/links/bookstore/";>
+<a
href="https://web.archive.org/web/20010430183216/http://www.cpsr.org/links/bookstore/";>
Computer Professionals for
Social Responsibility have dropped their affiliation with Amazon</a>.</p>
+</div>
</div><!-- for id="content", starts in the include above -->
<!--#include virtual="/server/footer.html" -->
-<div id="footer">
+<div id="footer" role="contentinfo">
<div class="unprintable">
<p>Please send general FSF & GNU inquiries to
@@ -234,13 +242,13 @@
to <a href="mailto:web-translators@gnu.org";>
<web-translators@gnu.org></a>.</p>
- <p>For information on coordinating and submitting translations of
+ <p>For information on coordinating and contributing translations of
our web pages, see <a
href="/server/standards/README.translations.html">Translations
README</a>. -->
Please see the <a
href="/server/standards/README.translations.html">Translations
-README</a> for information on coordinating and submitting translations
+README</a> for information on coordinating and contributing translations
of this article.</p>
</div>
@@ -261,8 +269,7 @@
There is more detail about copyright years in the GNU Maintainers
Information document, www.gnu.org/prep/maintain. -->
-<p>Copyright © 1999, 2001, 2007, 2008, 2013, 2014, 2015, 2018, 2019, 2020
-Free Software Foundation, Inc.</p>
+<p>Copyright © 1999, 2001, 2002, 2004 Free Software Foundation, Inc.</p>
<p>This page is licensed under a <a rel="license"
href="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nd/4.0/";>Creative
@@ -272,7 +279,7 @@
<p class="unprintable">Updated:
<!-- timestamp start -->
-$Date: 2020/07/01 15:25:23 $
+$Date: 2021/09/02 08:42:02 $
<!-- timestamp end -->
</p>
</div>
Index: assigning-copyright.html
===================================================================
RCS file: /webcvs/www/www/philosophy/assigning-copyright.html,v
retrieving revision 1.17
retrieving revision 1.18
diff -u -b -r1.17 -r1.18
--- assigning-copyright.html 13 Jul 2014 21:47:00 -0000 1.17
+++ assigning-copyright.html 2 Sep 2021 08:42:02 -0000 1.18
@@ -1,22 +1,31 @@
<!--#include virtual="/server/header.html" -->
-<!-- Parent-Version: 1.77 -->
+<!-- Parent-Version: 1.96 -->
+<!-- This page is derived from /server/standards/boilerplate.html -->
+<!--#set var="TAGS" value="essays licensing copyleft" -->
+<!--#set var="DISABLE_TOP_ADDENDUM" value="yes" -->
<title>When a Company Asks For Your Copyright
- GNU Project - Free Software Foundation</title>
<link rel="canonical"
- href="http://www.fsf.org/blogs/rms/assigning-copyright"; />
+ href="https://www.fsf.org/blogs/rms/assigning-copyright"; />
<!--#include virtual="/philosophy/po/assigning-copyright.translist" -->
<!--#include virtual="/server/banner.html" -->
+<!--#include virtual="/philosophy/ph-breadcrumb.html" -->
+<!--GNUN: OUT-OF-DATE NOTICE-->
+<!--#include virtual="/server/top-addendum.html" -->
+<div class="article reduced-width">
<h2>When a Company Asks For Your Copyright</h2>
+<div class="thin"></div>
<p>Companies that develop free software and release it under the GNU GPL
sometimes distribute some copies of the code in other ways. If they
distribute the exact same code under a different license to certain
users that pay for this, typically permitting including the code in
-proprietary programs, we call it “selling exceptions”. If they
+proprietary programs, we call it “selling exceptions.” If they
distribute some version of the code solely in a proprietary manner, we
call that releasing a purely proprietary version of the program.</p>
-<p><a
href="/philosophy/selling-exceptions.html">http://www.gnu.org/philosophy/selling-exceptions.html</a>
explains why
+<p>“<a href="/philosophy/selling-exceptions.html">Selling exceptions
+to the GNU GPL</a>” explains why
selling exceptions is acceptable, though only barely. By contrast,
releasing a purely proprietary version is outright wrong, like
any other proprietary software.</p>
@@ -83,11 +92,11 @@
proprietary versions containing your code, you can insist on a
condition more or less like this:</p>
-<blockquote>
+<blockquote class="emph-box">
<p>Any program based on (as defined in GNU General Public License
version 3) Hacker's code that FOO distributes shall be made
- available by FOO under a) the “GNU General Public License (GPL),
- version 2 or later”, or b) the licensing in (a), above, but with
“2”
+ available by FOO under <b>(a)</b> the “GNU General Public License
(GPL),
+ version 2 or later,” or <b>(b)</b> the licensing in (a), above, but
with “2”
replaced by any higher existing GPL version number. Provided FOO
makes the program available as source code gratis to the public in
this way, it may also distribute the identical program to some of
@@ -100,11 +109,11 @@
might be released solely in a proprietary version, you can insist on a
condition more or less like this:</p>
-<blockquote>
+<blockquote class="emph-box">
<p>Any program based on (as defined in GNU General Public License
version 3) Hacker's code that FOO distributes shall be made
- available by FOO under a) the “GNU General Public License (GPL),
- version 2 or later”, or b) the licensing in (a), above, but with
“2”
+ available by FOO under <b>(a)</b> the “GNU General Public License
(GPL),
+ version 2 or later,” or <b>(b)</b> the licensing in (a), above, but
with “2”
replaced by any higher existing GPL version number. Provided FOO
makes the program available as source code gratis to the public in
this way, it may also distribute the same version of Hacker's code
@@ -112,10 +121,10 @@
</blockquote>
<p>If the program is released under the GNU Affero GPL, then add
“Affero”
-before “General”, change “GPL” to “AGPL”,
change “2 or” to “3 or”, and
+before “General,” change “GPL” to “AGPL,”
change “2 or” to “3 or,” and
it could make sense to replace “that FOO distributes” with
“that FOO
distributes, or deploys on a server accessible to users other than
-FOO”.</p>
+FOO.”</p>
<p>The FSF has had these texts reviewed by a lawyer, but you should get
your own legal advice before using them.</p>
@@ -125,10 +134,11 @@
software. Then you can respond to ensure your work will contribute to
the free software community and not be diverted into proprietary
software.</p>
+</div>
</div><!-- for id="content", starts in the include above -->
<!--#include virtual="/server/footer.html" -->
-<div id="footer">
+<div id="footer" role="contentinfo">
<div class="unprintable">
<p>Please send general FSF & GNU inquiries to
@@ -146,17 +156,17 @@
to <a href="mailto:web-translators@gnu.org";>
<web-translators@gnu.org></a>.</p>
- <p>For information on coordinating and submitting translations of
+ <p>For information on coordinating and contributing translations of
our web pages, see <a
href="/server/standards/README.translations.html">Translations
README</a>. -->
Please see the <a
href="/server/standards/README.translations.html">Translations
-README</a> for information on coordinating and submitting translations
+README</a> for information on coordinating and contributing translations
of this article.</p>
</div>
-<p>Copyright © 2014 Free Software Foundation, Inc.</p>
+<p>Copyright © 2010, 2014 Free Software Foundation, Inc.</p>
<p>This page is licensed under a <a rel="license"
href="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nd/3.0/us/";>Creative
@@ -166,10 +176,10 @@
<p class="unprintable">Updated:
<!-- timestamp start -->
-$Date: 2014/07/13 21:47:00 $
+$Date: 2021/09/02 08:42:02 $
<!-- timestamp end -->
</p>
</div>
-</div>
+</div><!-- for class="inner", starts in the banner include -->
</body>
</html>
Index: bill-gates-and-other-communists.html
===================================================================
RCS file: /webcvs/www/www/philosophy/bill-gates-and-other-communists.html,v
retrieving revision 1.6
retrieving revision 1.7
diff -u -b -r1.6 -r1.7
--- bill-gates-and-other-communists.html 31 Jan 2021 17:25:34 -0000
1.6
+++ bill-gates-and-other-communists.html 2 Sep 2021 08:42:02 -0000
1.7
@@ -1,18 +1,19 @@
<!--#include virtual="/server/header.html" -->
-<!-- Parent-Version: 1.78 -->
+<!-- Parent-Version: 1.96 -->
+<!-- This page is derived from /server/standards/boilerplate.html -->
+<!--#set var="TAGS" value="essays laws patents" -->
+<!--#set var="DISABLE_TOP_ADDENDUM" value="yes" -->
<title>Bill Gates and Other Communists
- GNU Project - Free Software Foundation</title>
<!--#include
virtual="/philosophy/po/bill-gates-and-other-communists.translist" -->
<!--#include virtual="/server/banner.html" -->
+<!--#include virtual="/philosophy/ph-breadcrumb.html" -->
+<!--GNUN: OUT-OF-DATE NOTICE-->
+<!--#include virtual="/server/top-addendum.html" -->
+<div class="article reduced-width">
<h2>Bill Gates and Other Communists</h2>
-<p>by Richard Stallman</p>
-
-<blockquote>
-<p>Originally published in 2005 in
-<a href="https://www.cnet.com/news/bill-gates-and-other-communists/";>CNET
-News.com</a>.</p>
-</blockquote>
+<address class="byline">by Richard Stallman</address>
<p>Bill Gates discussed patents with CNET under the heading of
“<a href="/philosophy/not-ipr.html">intellectual
@@ -89,11 +90,11 @@
Here's what Bill Gates told Microsoft employees in 1991:</p>
<blockquote>
-<p>“If people had understood how patents would be granted when
+<p>If people had understood how patents would be granted when
most of today's ideas were invented and had taken out patents, the
industry would be at a complete stand-still today...A future start-up
with no patents of its own will be forced to pay whatever price the
-giants choose to impose.”</p>
+giants choose to impose.</p>
</blockquote>
<p>Mr. Gates' secret is out now—he too was a
@@ -110,9 +111,17 @@
support from right-wing MEPs—and with your help we will do it
again.</p>
+<div class="infobox">
+<hr />
+<p>Originally published in 2005 in
+<a href="https://www.cnet.com/news/bill-gates-and-other-communists/";>CNET
+News.com</a>.</p>
+</div>
+</div>
+
</div><!-- for id="content", starts in the include above -->
<!--#include virtual="/server/footer.html" -->
-<div id="footer">
+<div id="footer" role="contentinfo">
<div class="unprintable">
<p>Please send general FSF & GNU inquiries to
@@ -130,13 +139,13 @@
to <a href="mailto:web-translators@gnu.org";>
<web-translators@gnu.org></a>.</p>
- <p>For information on coordinating and submitting translations of
+ <p>For information on coordinating and contributing translations of
our web pages, see <a
href="/server/standards/README.translations.html">Translations
README</a>. -->
Please see the <a
href="/server/standards/README.translations.html">Translations
-README</a> for information on coordinating and submitting translations
+README</a> for information on coordinating and contributing translations
of this article.</p>
</div>
@@ -157,7 +166,7 @@
There is more detail about copyright years in the GNU Maintainers
Information document, www.gnu.org/prep/maintain. -->
-<p>Copyright © 2005, 2015, 2021 Richard Stallman</p>
+<p>Copyright © 2005, 2021 Richard Stallman</p>
<p>This page is licensed under a <a rel="license"
href="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nd/4.0/";>Creative
@@ -167,10 +176,10 @@
<p class="unprintable">Updated:
<!-- timestamp start -->
-$Date: 2021/01/31 17:25:34 $
+$Date: 2021/09/02 08:42:02 $
<!-- timestamp end -->
</p>
</div>
-</div>
+</div><!-- for class="inner", starts in the banner include -->
</body>
</html>
Index: boldrin-levine.html
===================================================================
RCS file: /webcvs/www/www/philosophy/boldrin-levine.html,v
retrieving revision 1.33
retrieving revision 1.34
diff -u -b -r1.33 -r1.34
--- boldrin-levine.html 15 Dec 2018 14:02:38 -0000 1.33
+++ boldrin-levine.html 2 Sep 2021 08:42:02 -0000 1.34
@@ -1,13 +1,20 @@
<!--#include virtual="/server/header.html" -->
-<!-- Parent-Version: 1.86 -->
+<!-- Parent-Version: 1.96 -->
+<!-- This page is derived from /server/standards/boilerplate.html -->
+<!--#set var="TAGS" value="essays laws noip" -->
+<!--#set var="DISABLE_TOP_ADDENDUM" value="yes" -->
<title>Review: Boldrin and Levine, “The case against
intellectual property” - GNU Project - Free Software Foundation</title>
<!--#include virtual="/philosophy/po/boldrin-levine.translist" -->
<!--#include virtual="/server/banner.html" -->
+<!--#include virtual="/philosophy/ph-breadcrumb.html" -->
+<!--GNUN: OUT-OF-DATE NOTICE-->
+<!--#include virtual="/server/top-addendum.html" -->
+<div class="article reduced-width">
<h2>Review: Boldrin and Levine, “The case against intellectual
property”</h2>
-<p>
-by <a href="http://www.stallman.org/";><strong>Richard Stallman</strong></a></p>
+<address class="byline">by <a href="https://www.stallman.org/";>Richard
+Stallman</a></address>
<p>
<a
href="https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Michele_Boldrin/publication/4980956_The_Case_Against_Intellectual_Property/links/53f9c5c90cf20a45496a9040/The-Case-Against-Intellectual-Property.pdf?origin=publication_detail";>
@@ -17,19 +24,19 @@
<p>
You've probably heard the superficial argument that “If the
-program is free, you will only sell one copy”. The obvious
+program is free, you will only sell one copy.” The obvious
response is that today there are companies that sell thousands of
copies a month. But this paper provides another response: it shows
why people who are fully aware of the economic consequences of the
freedom to copy would pay a high price for “the first
-copy”.</p>
+copy.”</p>
<p>
<a href="/philosophy/words-to-avoid.html#IntellectualProperty">The
term “intellectual property” is biased and spreads
confusion.</a> The bias is easy to see—by calling copyright and
-patents and trademarks “property”, it leads people to
-think that criticizing them is “opposing property rights”.
+patents and trademarks “property,” it leads people to
+think that criticizing them is “opposing property rights.”
The confusion is less evident: by lumping copyright and patents and
trademarks together, it leads people to treat them as one thing, to
ignore their large differences and consider them as a single issue in
@@ -51,7 +58,7 @@
<p>
I believe we should continue to reject the term “intellectual
-property”. We need to call attention to the non-economic
+property.” We need to call attention to the non-economic
aspects of copyrights and the different non-economic aspects of
patents. However, Boldrin and Levine's arguments will be useful for
responding to people who insist on narrowing their values to
@@ -60,10 +67,11 @@
<p>
The paper is addressed to economists and somewhat mathematical.
Popularization of its ideas would be useful.</p>
+</div>
</div><!-- for id="content", starts in the include above -->
<!--#include virtual="/server/footer.html" -->
-<div id="footer">
+<div id="footer" role="contentinfo">
<div class="unprintable">
<p>Please send general FSF & GNU inquiries to
@@ -81,13 +89,13 @@
to <a href="mailto:web-translators@gnu.org";>
<web-translators@gnu.org></a>.</p>
- <p>For information on coordinating and submitting translations of
+ <p>For information on coordinating and contributing translations of
our web pages, see <a
href="/server/standards/README.translations.html">Translations
README</a>. -->
Please see the <a
href="/server/standards/README.translations.html">Translations
-README</a> for information on coordinating and submitting translations
+README</a> for information on coordinating and contributing translations
of this article.</p>
</div>
@@ -108,7 +116,7 @@
There is more detail about copyright years in the GNU Maintainers
Information document, www.gnu.org/prep/maintain. -->
-<p>Copyright © 2003, 2014, 2015, 2018 Richard M. Stallman</p>
+<p>Copyright © 2003 Richard Stallman</p>
<p>This page is licensed under a <a rel="license"
href="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nd/4.0/";>Creative
@@ -118,7 +126,7 @@
<p class="unprintable">Updated:
<!-- timestamp start -->
-$Date: 2018/12/15 14:02:38 $
+$Date: 2021/09/02 08:42:02 $
<!-- timestamp end -->
</p>
</div>
Index: bug-nobody-allowed-to-understand.html
===================================================================
RCS file: /webcvs/www/www/philosophy/bug-nobody-allowed-to-understand.html,v
retrieving revision 1.13
retrieving revision 1.14
diff -u -b -r1.13 -r1.14
--- bug-nobody-allowed-to-understand.html 16 Oct 2015 13:25:20 -0000
1.13
+++ bug-nobody-allowed-to-understand.html 2 Sep 2021 08:42:02 -0000
1.14
@@ -1,12 +1,20 @@
<!--#include virtual="/server/header.html" -->
-<!-- Parent-Version: 1.77 -->
+<!-- Parent-Version: 1.96 -->
+<!-- This page is derived from /server/standards/boilerplate.html -->
+<!--#set var="TAGS" value="essays cultural ns" -->
+<!--#set var="DISABLE_TOP_ADDENDUM" value="yes" -->
<title>The Bug Nobody is Allowed to Understand
- GNU Project - Free Software Foundation</title>
<!--#include
virtual="/philosophy/po/bug-nobody-allowed-to-understand.translist" -->
<!--#include virtual="/server/banner.html" -->
+<!--#include virtual="/philosophy/ph-breadcrumb.html" -->
+<!--GNUN: OUT-OF-DATE NOTICE-->
+<!--#include virtual="/server/top-addendum.html" -->
+<div class="article reduced-width">
<h2>The Bug Nobody is Allowed to Understand</h2>
-<p>by <a href="http://www.stallman.org/";>Richard Stallman</a></p>
+<address class="byline">by <a href="https://www.stallman.org/";>Richard
+Stallman</a></address>
<p>In the 1980s, proprietary software users discovered the problem of
<em>the bug that nobody is allowed to understand</em>. When a problem
@@ -17,14 +25,15 @@
fixed except by accident.</p>
<p>According to <a
-href="http://www.guardian.co.uk/commentisfree/joris-luyendijk-banking-blog/2012/may/30/former-it-salesman-voices-of-finance";>
+href="https://www.guardian.co.uk/commentisfree/joris-luyendijk-banking-blog/2012/may/30/former-it-salesman-voices-of-finance";>
this article</a>, a similar problem now occurs between
multiple instances of
<a href="/philosophy/who-does-that-server-really-serve.html">Service as a
Software Substitute</a>.</p>
+</div>
</div><!-- for id="content", starts in the include above -->
<!--#include virtual="/server/footer.html" -->
-<div id="footer">
+<div id="footer" role="contentinfo">
<div class="unprintable">
<p>Please send general FSF & GNU inquiries to
@@ -42,13 +51,13 @@
to <a href="mailto:web-translators@gnu.org";>
<web-translators@gnu.org></a>.</p>
- <p>For information on coordinating and submitting translations of
+ <p>For information on coordinating and contributing translations of
our web pages, see <a
href="/server/standards/README.translations.html">Translations
README</a>. -->
Please see the <a
href="/server/standards/README.translations.html">Translations
-README</a> for information on coordinating and submitting translations
+README</a> for information on coordinating and contributing translations
of this article.</p>
</div>
@@ -69,7 +78,7 @@
There is more detail about copyright years in the GNU Maintainers
Information document, www.gnu.org/prep/maintain. -->
-<p>Copyright © 2014, 2015 Free Software Foundation, Inc.</p>
+<p>Copyright © 2012 Free Software Foundation, Inc.</p>
<p>This page is licensed under a <a rel="license"
href="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nd/4.0/";>Creative
@@ -79,10 +88,10 @@
<p class="unprintable">Updated:
<!-- timestamp start -->
-$Date: 2015/10/16 13:25:20 $
+$Date: 2021/09/02 08:42:02 $
<!-- timestamp end -->
</p>
</div>
-</div>
+</div><!-- for class="inner", starts in the banner include -->
</body>
</html>
Index: censoring-emacs.html
===================================================================
RCS file: /webcvs/www/www/philosophy/censoring-emacs.html,v
retrieving revision 1.26
retrieving revision 1.27
diff -u -b -r1.26 -r1.27
--- censoring-emacs.html 12 Apr 2014 12:39:58 -0000 1.26
+++ censoring-emacs.html 2 Sep 2021 08:42:02 -0000 1.27
@@ -1,15 +1,20 @@
<!--#include virtual="/server/header.html" -->
-<!-- Parent-Version: 1.77 -->
+<!-- Parent-Version: 1.96 -->
+<!-- This page is derived from /server/standards/boilerplate.html -->
+<!--#set var="TAGS" value="essays cultural evils" -->
+<!--#set var="DISABLE_TOP_ADDENDUM" value="yes" -->
<title>Censoring My Software
- GNU Project - Free Software Foundation</title>
<!--#include virtual="/philosophy/po/censoring-emacs.translist" -->
<!--#include virtual="/server/banner.html" -->
+<!--#include virtual="/philosophy/ph-breadcrumb.html" -->
+<!--GNUN: OUT-OF-DATE NOTICE-->
+<!--#include virtual="/server/top-addendum.html" -->
+<div class="article reduced-width">
<h2>Censoring My Software</h2>
-<p>
-by <a href="http://www.stallman.org/";><strong>Richard Stallman</strong></a>
-<br />
-[From Datamation, March 1 1996]</p>
+<address class="byline">by <a href="https://www.stallman.org/";>Richard
+Stallman</a></address>
<p>
Last summer, a few clever legislators proposed a bill to
@@ -97,9 +102,15 @@
and political action recommendations. Censorship won in February, but
we can beat it in November.</p>
+<div class="infobox">
+<hr />
+From <cite>Datamation</cite>, March 1 1996</p>
+</div>
+</div>
+
</div><!-- for id="content", starts in the include above -->
<!--#include virtual="/server/footer.html" -->
-<div id="footer">
+<div id="footer" role="contentinfo">
<div class="unprintable">
<p>Please send general FSF & GNU inquiries to
@@ -117,13 +128,13 @@
to <a href="mailto:web-translators@gnu.org";>
<web-translators@gnu.org></a>.</p>
- <p>For information on coordinating and submitting translations of
+ <p>For information on coordinating and contributing translations of
our web pages, see <a
href="/server/standards/README.translations.html">Translations
README</a>. -->
Please see the <a
href="/server/standards/README.translations.html">Translations
-README</a> for information on coordinating and submitting translations
+README</a> for information on coordinating and contributing translations
of this article.</p>
</div>
@@ -144,7 +155,7 @@
There is more detail about copyright years in the GNU Maintainers
Information document, www.gnu.org/prep/maintain. -->
-<p>Copyright © 1996, 2014 Richard Stallman</p>
+<p>Copyright © 1996 Richard Stallman</p>
<p>This page is licensed under a <a rel="license"
href="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nd/3.0/us/";>Creative
@@ -154,10 +165,10 @@
<p class="unprintable">Updated:
<!-- timestamp start -->
-$Date: 2014/04/12 12:39:58 $
+$Date: 2021/09/02 08:42:02 $
<!-- timestamp end -->
</p>
</div>
-</div>
+</div><!-- for class="inner", starts in the banner include -->
</body>
</html>
Index: computing-progress.html
===================================================================
RCS file: /webcvs/www/www/philosophy/computing-progress.html,v
retrieving revision 1.22
retrieving revision 1.23
diff -u -b -r1.22 -r1.23
--- computing-progress.html 12 Apr 2014 12:39:58 -0000 1.22
+++ computing-progress.html 2 Sep 2021 08:42:02 -0000 1.23
@@ -1,20 +1,30 @@
<!--#include virtual="/server/header.html" -->
-<!-- Parent-Version: 1.77 -->
+<!-- Parent-Version: 1.96 -->
+<!-- This page is derived from /server/standards/boilerplate.html -->
+<!--#set var="TAGS" value="essays cultural society" -->
+<!--#set var="DISABLE_TOP_ADDENDUM" value="yes" -->
<title>Computing ‘Progress’: Good and Bad
- GNU Project - Free Software Foundation</title>
<!--#include virtual="/philosophy/po/computing-progress.translist" -->
<!--#include virtual="/server/banner.html" -->
-<h2>Computing ‘progress’: good and bad</h2>
+<!--#include virtual="/philosophy/ph-breadcrumb.html" -->
+<!--GNUN: OUT-OF-DATE NOTICE-->
+<!--#include virtual="/server/top-addendum.html" -->
+<div class="article reduced-width">
+<h2>Computing ‘Progress’: Good and Bad</h2>
-<p>by <a href="http://www.stallman.org/";><strong>Richard
-Stallman</strong></a></p>
+<address class="byline">by <a href="https://www.stallman.org/";>Richard
+Stallman</a></address>
+<div class="infobox" role="complementary">
<p><i>
The BBC invited me to write an article for their column series, The
Tech Lab, and this is what I sent them. (It refers to a couple of
other articles published in that series.) The BBC was ultimately unwilling
to publish it with a copying-permission notice, so I have published it
-here.</i></p>
+here.</p></i>
+</div>
+<hr class="thin">
<p>
Bradley Horowitz of Yahoo proposed here that every object in our world
@@ -36,7 +46,7 @@
reports you bought a wooden stick and a piece of poster board, the
phone company's system will deduce that you may be planning a protest,
and report you automatically to the police so they can accuse you of
-“terrorism”.</p>
+“terrorism.”</p>
<p>
In the UK, it is literally an offense to be suspect—more precisely,
@@ -123,9 +133,11 @@
copies of Windows, and of MacOS and iPlayer for the same reason, and send
them to Alpha Centauri at the slowest possible speed. Or just erase
them.</p>
+</div>
+
</div><!-- for id="content", starts in the include above -->
<!--#include virtual="/server/footer.html" -->
-<div id="footer">
+<div id="footer" role="contentinfo">
<div class="unprintable">
<p>Please send general FSF & GNU inquiries to <a
@@ -143,16 +155,16 @@
to <a href="mailto:web-translators@gnu.org";>
<web-translators@gnu.org></a>.</p>
- <p>For information on coordinating and submitting translations of
+ <p>For information on coordinating and contributing translations of
our web pages, see <a
href="/server/standards/README.translations.html">Translations
README</a>. -->
Please see the <a
href="/server/standards/README.translations.html">Translations README</a> for
-information on coordinating and submitting translations of this article.</p>
+information on coordinating and contributing translations of this article.</p>
</div>
-<p>Copyright © 2007, 2014 Richard M. Stallman</p>
+<p>Copyright © 2007 Richard Stallman</p>
<p>This page is licensed under a <a rel="license"
href="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nd/3.0/us/";>Creative
@@ -162,10 +174,10 @@
<p class="unprintable">Updated:
<!-- timestamp start -->
-$Date: 2014/04/12 12:39:58 $
+$Date: 2021/09/02 08:42:02 $
<!-- timestamp end -->
</p>
</div>
-</div>
+</div><!-- for class="inner", starts in the banner include -->
</body>
</html>
Index: contradictory-support.html
===================================================================
RCS file: /webcvs/www/www/philosophy/contradictory-support.html,v
retrieving revision 1.10
retrieving revision 1.11
diff -u -b -r1.10 -r1.11
--- contradictory-support.html 19 Dec 2020 16:11:48 -0000 1.10
+++ contradictory-support.html 2 Sep 2021 08:42:02 -0000 1.11
@@ -1,13 +1,20 @@
<!--#include virtual="/server/header.html" -->
-<!-- Parent-Version: 1.79 -->
+<!-- Parent-Version: 1.96 -->
+<!-- This page is derived from /server/standards/boilerplate.html -->
+<!--#set var="TAGS" value="essays upholding action" -->
+<!--#set var="DISABLE_TOP_ADDENDUM" value="yes" -->
<title>Beware of Contradictory “Support”
- GNU Project - Free Software Foundation</title>
<!--#include virtual="/philosophy/po/contradictory-support.translist" -->
<!--#include virtual="/server/banner.html" -->
+<!--#include virtual="/philosophy/ph-breadcrumb.html" -->
+<!--GNUN: OUT-OF-DATE NOTICE-->
+<!--#include virtual="/server/top-addendum.html" -->
+<div class="article reduced-width">
<h2>Beware of Contradictory “Support”</h2>
-<p>by <strong>Richard Stallman</strong></p>
+<address class="byline">by Richard Stallman</address>
<p>There are organizations that proclaim support for free software or
the GNU Project, and teach classes in use of nonfree software.</p>
@@ -50,10 +57,11 @@
teacher, that gives you an opportunity
to <a href="/philosophy/saying-no-even-once.html"> say no</a> for a
change.</p>
+</div>
</div><!-- for id="content", starts in the include above -->
<!--#include virtual="/server/footer.html" -->
-<div id="footer">
+<div id="footer" role="contentinfo">
<div class="unprintable">
<p>Please send general FSF & GNU inquiries to
@@ -71,13 +79,13 @@
to <a href="mailto:web-translators@gnu.org";>
<web-translators@gnu.org></a>.</p>
- <p>For information on coordinating and submitting translations of
+ <p>For information on coordinating and contributing translations of
our web pages, see <a
href="/server/standards/README.translations.html">Translations
README</a>. -->
Please see the <a
href="/server/standards/README.translations.html">Translations
-README</a> for information on coordinating and submitting translations
+README</a> for information on coordinating and contributing translations
of this article.</p>
</div>
@@ -108,10 +116,10 @@
<p class="unprintable">Updated:
<!-- timestamp start -->
-$Date: 2020/12/19 16:11:48 $
+$Date: 2021/09/02 08:42:02 $
<!-- timestamp end -->
</p>
</div>
-</div>
+</div><!-- for class="inner", starts in the banner include -->
</body>
</html>
Index: copyright-versus-community-2000.html
===================================================================
RCS file: /webcvs/www/www/philosophy/copyright-versus-community-2000.html,v
retrieving revision 1.21
retrieving revision 1.22
diff -u -b -r1.21 -r1.22
--- copyright-versus-community-2000.html 17 Aug 2019 07:55:31 -0000
1.21
+++ copyright-versus-community-2000.html 2 Sep 2021 08:42:02 -0000
1.22
@@ -1,15 +1,23 @@
<!--#include virtual="/server/header.html" -->
-<!-- Parent-Version: 1.86 -->
+<!-- Parent-Version: 1.96 -->
+<!-- This page is derived from /server/standards/boilerplate.html -->
+<!--#set var="TAGS" value="speeches" -->
+<!--#set var="DISABLE_TOP_ADDENDUM" value="yes" -->
<title>Copyright versus Community in the Age of Computer Networks -
GNU Project - Free Software Foundation</title>
<!--#include
virtual="/philosophy/po/copyright-versus-community-2000.translist" -->
<!--#include virtual="/server/banner.html" -->
+<!--#include virtual="/philosophy/ph-breadcrumb.html" -->
+<!--GNUN: OUT-OF-DATE NOTICE-->
+<!--#include virtual="/server/top-addendum.html" -->
+<div class="article reduced-width">
<h2>Copyright versus Community in the Age of Computer Networks (2000)</h2>
-<blockquote><p>
+<div class="infobox"><p>
This is a transcription from an audio recording, prepared by Douglas
Carnall, July 2000.
-</p></blockquote>
+</p></div>
+<hr class="thin" />
<p><em> Mr Stallman arrives a few minutes after the appointed hour of
commencement of his talk to address a hushed and respectful audience.
@@ -300,7 +308,7 @@
with a copyright and there are various situations in which you might
do them, and each of those is an independent question. Should
copyright cover this or not? In addition, there is a question of
-“How long?”.
+“How long?”
<span class="gnun-split"></span>Copyright used to be much shorter in its
period or duration, and it's been extended over and over again in the
past fifty years or so and in fact in now appears that the owners of
@@ -1062,10 +1070,11 @@
<p>RMS stands in silence. There is a pause before the outbreak of
applause. RMS turns to applaud the stuffed fabric gnu he placed on
the overhead projector at the beginning of the talk.</p>
+</div>
</div><!-- for id="content", starts in the include above -->
<!--#include virtual="/server/footer.html" -->
-<div id="footer">
+<div id="footer" role="contentinfo">
<div class="unprintable">
<p>Please send general FSF & GNU inquiries to
@@ -1083,13 +1092,13 @@
to <a href="mailto:web-translators@gnu.org";>
<web-translators@gnu.org></a>.</p>
- <p>For information on coordinating and submitting translations of
+ <p>For information on coordinating and contributing translations of
our web pages, see <a
href="/server/standards/README.translations.html">Translations
README</a>. -->
Please see the <a
href="/server/standards/README.translations.html">Translations
-README</a> for information on coordinating and submitting translations
+README</a> for information on coordinating and contributing translations
of this article.</p>
</div>
@@ -1110,7 +1119,7 @@
There is more detail about copyright years in the GNU Maintainers
Information document, www.gnu.org/prep/maintain. -->
-<p>Copyright © 2001, 2007, 2014, 2017, 2018, 2019 Free Software
Foundation, Inc.</p>
+<p>Copyright © 2000 Free Software Foundation, Inc.</p>
<p>This page is licensed under a <a rel="license"
href="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nd/4.0/";>Creative
@@ -1120,7 +1129,7 @@
<p class="unprintable">Updated:
<!-- timestamp start -->
-$Date: 2019/08/17 07:55:31 $
+$Date: 2021/09/02 08:42:02 $
<!-- timestamp end -->
</p>
</div>
Index: copyright-versus-community.html
===================================================================
RCS file: /webcvs/www/www/philosophy/copyright-versus-community.html,v
retrieving revision 1.53
retrieving revision 1.54
diff -u -b -r1.53 -r1.54
--- copyright-versus-community.html 6 Oct 2020 08:25:53 -0000 1.53
+++ copyright-versus-community.html 2 Sep 2021 08:42:02 -0000 1.54
@@ -1,25 +1,30 @@
<!--#include virtual="/server/header.html" -->
-<!-- Parent-Version: 1.86 -->
+<!-- Parent-Version: 1.96 -->
+<!-- This page is derived from /server/standards/boilerplate.html -->
+<!--#set var="TAGS" value="speeches" -->
+<!--#set var="DISABLE_TOP_ADDENDUM" value="yes" -->
<title>Copyright versus Community in the Age of Computer Networks
- GNU Project - Free Software Foundation</title>
<!--#include virtual="/philosophy/po/copyright-versus-community.translist" -->
<!--#include virtual="/server/banner.html" -->
+<!--#include virtual="/philosophy/ph-breadcrumb.html" -->
+<!--GNUN: OUT-OF-DATE NOTICE-->
+<!--#include virtual="/server/top-addendum.html" -->
+<div class="reduced-width">
<h2>Copyright versus Community in the Age of Computer Networks</h2>
<address class="byline">by Richard Stallman</address>
-<p><em>Keynote speech at LIANZA conference, Christchurch Convention Centre, 12
+<div class="infobox">
+<p>Keynote speech at LIANZA conference, Christchurch Convention Centre, 12
October 2009.<br />
There is an <a href="/philosophy/copyright-versus-community-2000.html">older
-version</a> of this talk, from 2000.</em></p>
-
-<blockquote class="announcement" style="margin-bottom: 2.5em"><p>
-<a href="http://defectivebydesign.org/ebooks.html";>Join our mailing list
-about the dangers of e-books</a>.
-</p></blockquote>
+version</a> of this talk, from 2000.</p>
+</div>
+<hr class="thin" />
-<dl>
-<dt>BC:</dt>
-<dd><p>Tena koutou, tena koutou, tena koutou katoa. Today I have the
+<div class="larger-font">
+<p><b>BC: </b>
+Tena koutou, tena koutou, tena koutou katoa. Today I have the
privilege of introducing Richard Stallman, whose keynote speech is
being sponsored by the School of Information Management at Victoria
University of Wellington.</p>
@@ -33,13 +38,13 @@
<p>I like to describe him as the most influential person most people
have never heard of, although he tells me that that cannot possibly be
-true because it cannot be tested.</p></dd>
+true because it cannot be tested.</p>
-<dt>RMS:</dt>
-<dd>We can't tell.</dd>
+<p><b>RMS: </b>
+We can't tell.</p>
-<dt>BC:</dt>
-<dd><p>I said that—I still like it. His ideas about software
+<p><b>BC: </b>
+I said that—I still like it. His ideas about software
freedom and free access to information were used by Tim Berners-Lee
when he created the world's first web server, and in 1999 his musings
about a free online encyclopedia inspired Jimmy Wales to set up what
@@ -47,12 +52,21 @@
<p>Today Richard will be talking to us about copyright vs community in
the age of computer networks, and their implications for libraries.
-Richard.</p></dd>
+Richard.</p>
+
+<div class="announcement comment" role="complementary">
+<hr class="no-display" />
+<p>
+<a href="https://www.defectivebydesign.org/ebooks.html";>Join our mailing list
+about the dangers of e-books</a>.
+</p>
+<hr class="no-display" />
+</div>
-<dt>RMS:</dt>
-<dd><p>I've been in New Zealand for a couple of weeks, and in the
+<p><b>RMS: </b>
+I've been in New Zealand for a couple of weeks, and in the
North Island it was raining most of the time. Now I know why they
-call gumboots “Wellingtons”. And then I saw somebody who
+call gumboots “Wellingtons.” And then I saw somebody who
was making chairs and tables out of ponga wood, and he called it
fern-iture. Then we took the ferry to get here, and as soon as we got
off, people started mocking and insulting us; but there were no hard
@@ -65,7 +79,7 @@
I'd better tell you briefly what free software means.</p>
<p>Free software is a matter of freedom, not price, so think of
-“free speech”, not “free beer”. Free software
+“free speech,” not “free beer.” Free software
is software that respects the user's freedom, and there are four
specific freedoms that the user deserves always to have.</p>
@@ -221,7 +235,7 @@
<p>It was easy to enforce, because it only had to be enforced against
publishers. And it's easy to find the unauthorized publishers of a
book—you go to a bookstore and say “where do these copies
-come from?”. You don't have to invade everybody's home and
+come from?” You don't have to invade everybody's home and
everybody's computer to do that.</p>
<p>It was uncontroversial because, as the readers were not restricted,
@@ -280,7 +294,7 @@
<p>It's no longer uncontroversial. There are political parties in
several countries whose basic platform is “freedom to
-share”.</p>
+share.”</p>
<p>It's no longer beneficial because the freedoms that we conceptually
traded away (because we couldn't exercise them), we now can exercise.
@@ -335,7 +349,7 @@
<p>The movie companies say they want perpetual copyright, but the US
Constitution won't let them get that officially. So they came up with
a way to get the same result unofficially: “perpetual copyright
-on the installment plan”. Every 20 years they extend copyright
+on the installment plan.” Every 20 years they extend copyright
for 20 more years. So that at any given time, any given work has a
date when it will supposedly fall into the public domain. But that
date is like tomorrow, it never comes. By the time you get there they
@@ -370,7 +384,7 @@
<p>It worked for a while, but then some people figured out the secret
format, and published free software capable of reading the movie on a
DVD and playing it. Then the publishers said “since we can't
-actually stop them, we have to make it a crime”. And they
+actually stop them, we have to make it a crime.” And they
started that in the US in 1998 with the Digital Millennium Copyright
Act, which imposed censorship on software capable of doing such
jobs.</p>
@@ -389,7 +403,7 @@
outputs. So all video outputs will have to be digital, and they will
carry the signal encrypted into a monitor specially designed to keep
secrets from the user. That is malicious hardware. They say that the
-purpose of this is to “close the analog hole”. I'll show
+purpose of this is to “close the analog hole.” I'll show
you a couple of analog holes (Stallman takes off his glasses): here's
one and here's another, that they'd like to poke out permanently.<a
href="#footnote1">[1]</a></p>
@@ -539,7 +553,7 @@
ebooks really popular if they started it with my biography. So they
found an author and the author asked me if I'd cooperate, and I said
“Only if this e-book is published without encryption, without
-DRM”. The publisher wouldn't go along with that, and I just
+DRM.” The publisher wouldn't go along with that, and I just
stuck to it—I said no. Eventually we found another publisher
who was willing to do this—in fact willing to publish the book
under a free license giving you the four freedoms—so the book
@@ -547,7 +561,7 @@
<p>But in any case, e-books failed at the beginning of this decade.
People just didn't want to read them very much. And I said,
-“they will try again”. We saw an amazing number of news
+“they will try again.” We saw an amazing number of news
articles about electronic ink (or is it electronic paper, I can never
remember which), and it occurred to me probably the reason there's so
many is the publishers want us to think about this. They want us to
@@ -705,14 +719,14 @@
And you'll notice that for recipes, practically speaking, cooks are
always sharing and changing recipes just as if the recipes were free.
Imagine how people would react if the government tried to stamp out
-so-called “recipe piracy”.</p>
+so-called “recipe piracy.”</p>
<p>The term “pirate” is pure propaganda. When people ask
me what I think of music piracy, I say “As far as I know, when
pirates attack they don't do it by playing instruments badly, they do
-it with arms. So it's not music “piracy”, because piracy
+it with arms. So it's not music “piracy,” because piracy
is attacking ships, and sharing is as far as you get from being the
-moral equivalent of attacking ships”. Attacking ships is bad,
+moral equivalent of attacking ships.” Attacking ships is bad,
sharing with other people is good, so we should firmly denounce that
propaganda term “piracy” whenever we hear it.</p>
@@ -882,7 +896,7 @@
<p>An idea just came to me. The player could also give you a
certificate of having supported so-and-so, and it could even count up
how many times you had done it and give you a certificate that says
-“I sent so much to these artists”. There are various ways
+“I sent so much to these artists.” There are various ways
we could encourage people who want to do it.</p>
<p>For instance, we could have a PR campaign which is friendly and
@@ -920,17 +934,17 @@
enact.</p>
<p>Be careful of proposals to “compensate the rights
-holders”, because when they say “compensate”,
+holders,” because when they say “compensate,”
they're trying to presume that if you have appreciated a work, you now
have a specific debt to somebody, and that you have to
“compensate” that somebody. When they say “rights
-holders”, it's supposed to make you think it's supporting
+holders,” it's supposed to make you think it's supporting
artists while in fact it's going to the publishers—the same
publishers who basically exploit all the artists (except the few that
you've all heard of, who are so popular that they have clout).</p>
<p>We don't owe a debt; we have nobody that we have to
-“compensate”. [But] supporting the arts is still a useful
+“compensate.” [But] supporting the arts is still a useful
thing to do. That was the motivation for copyright back when
copyright fit in with the technology of the day. Today copyright is a
bad way to do it, but it's still good to do it other ways that respect
@@ -941,28 +955,27 @@
good, and they've got to get rid of the censorship for the software to break
DRM. Beware of ACTA—they're trying to negotiate a treaty between various
countries, for all of these countries to attack their citizens, and we don't
-know how because they won't tell us.</p></dd>
-
-</dl>
+know how because they won't tell us.</p>
<div class="column-limit"></div>
-<h3 style="font-size: 1.2em">Footnotes</h3>
+<h3 class="footnote">Footnotes</h3>
<ol>
<li id="footnote1">In 2010, the encryption system for digital video output was
-definitively cracked.<br /><a
href="http://www.pcmag.com/article2/0,2817,2369280,00.asp";>http://www.pcmag.com/article2/0,2817,2369280,00.asp</a></li>
+<a
href="https://www.pcmag.com/archive/hdcp-master-key-confirmed-blu-ray-content-vulnerable-254650";>
+definitively cracked</a>.</li>
<li id="footnote2">2015: I included scientific papers because I
thought that publishing modified versions of someone else's paper
would cause harm; however, publishing physics and math papers under
the Creative Commons Attribution License
-on <a href="//arxiv.org/">arXiv.org</a> and many libre journals seems to
+on <a href="https://arxiv.org/";>arXiv.org</a> and many libre journals seems to
have no problems. Thus, I subsequently concluded that scientific
papers ought to be free.</li>
<li id="footnote3">New Zealand had enacted a system of punishment
without trial for Internet users accused of copying; then, facing
popular protest, the government did not implement it, and announced a
plan to implement a modified unjust punishment system. The point here
-was that they should not proceed to implement a replacement —
-rather, they should have no such system. However, the words I used
+was that they should not proceed to implement a replacement—rather,
+they should have no such system. However, the words I used
don't say this clearly.
<br />
The New Zealand government subsequently implemented the punishment
@@ -973,10 +986,12 @@
every book that you read on the device, regardless of where you got
the book.</li>
</ol>
+</div>
+</div>
</div><!-- for id="content", starts in the include above -->
<!--#include virtual="/server/footer.html" -->
-<div id="footer">
+<div id="footer" role="contentinfo">
<div class="unprintable">
<p>Please send general FSF & GNU inquiries to
@@ -994,13 +1009,13 @@
to <a href="mailto:web-translators@gnu.org";>
<web-translators@gnu.org></a>.</p>
- <p>For information on coordinating and submitting translations of
+ <p>For information on coordinating and contributing translations of
our web pages, see <a
href="/server/standards/README.translations.html">Translations
README</a>. -->
Please see the <a
href="/server/standards/README.translations.html">Translations
-README</a> for information on coordinating and submitting translations
+README</a> for information on coordinating and contributing translations
of this article.</p>
</div>
@@ -1021,7 +1036,8 @@
There is more detail about copyright years in the GNU Maintainers
Information document, www.gnu.org/prep/maintain. -->
-<p>Copyright © 2001, 2007, 2009, 2014, 2015, 2016, 2018, 2019, 2020 Free
Software Foundation, Inc.</p>
+<p>Copyright © 2009, 2010, 2012, 2015, 2018 Free Software
+Foundation, Inc.</p>
<p>This page is licensed under a <a rel="license"
href="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nd/4.0/";>Creative
@@ -1031,7 +1047,7 @@
<p class="unprintable">Updated:
<!-- timestamp start -->
-$Date: 2020/10/06 08:25:53 $
+$Date: 2021/09/02 08:42:02 $
<!-- timestamp end -->
</p>
</div>
Index: correcting-france-mistake.html
===================================================================
RCS file: /webcvs/www/www/philosophy/correcting-france-mistake.html,v
retrieving revision 1.13
retrieving revision 1.14
diff -u -b -r1.13 -r1.14
--- correcting-france-mistake.html 12 Apr 2014 12:39:59 -0000 1.13
+++ correcting-france-mistake.html 2 Sep 2021 08:42:02 -0000 1.14
@@ -1,18 +1,25 @@
<!--#include virtual="/server/header.html" -->
-<!-- Parent-Version: 1.77 -->
+<!-- Parent-Version: 1.96 -->
+<!-- This page is derived from /server/standards/boilerplate.html -->
+<!--#set var="TAGS" value="essays cultural drm" -->
+<!--#set var="DISABLE_TOP_ADDENDUM" value="yes" -->
<title>Correcting My Mistake about French Law - GNU Project - Free Software
Foundation</title>
<!--#include virtual="/philosophy/po/correcting-france-mistake.translist" -->
<!--#include virtual="/server/banner.html" -->
+<!--#include virtual="/philosophy/ph-breadcrumb.html" -->
+<!--GNUN: OUT-OF-DATE NOTICE-->
+<!--#include virtual="/server/top-addendum.html" -->
+<div class="article reduced-width">
<h2>Correcting My Mistake about French Law</h2>
-<p>by <a href="http://www.stallman.org/";><strong>Richard
-Stallman</strong></a></p>
+<address class="byline">by <a href="https://www.stallman.org/";>Richard
+Stallman</a></address>
<p>For several years I've said in my speeches that it was a crime in
France, punishable by imprisonment, to have a copy of the free
software that can decrypt the video on a DVD. That encryption is an
example of DRM (Digital Restrictions Management), the malicious
-features <a href="http://DefectiveByDesign.org/";>designed to restrict
+features <a href="https://www.defectivebydesign.org/";>designed to restrict
users</a>.</p>
<p>That is what Sarkozy's DADVSI law said when it was adopted, but I
@@ -49,10 +56,11 @@
<p>However, I think I won't do it. I have got used to avoiding encrypted
DVDs, and this has the bonus of giving Hollywood no money with which to
lobby for nasty laws like SOPA. Why change?</p>
+</div>
</div><!-- for id="content", starts in the include above -->
<!--#include virtual="/server/footer.html" -->
-<div id="footer">
+<div id="footer" role="contentinfo">
<div class="unprintable">
<p>Please send general FSF & GNU inquiries to
@@ -70,13 +78,13 @@
to <a href="mailto:web-translators@gnu.org";>
<web-translators@gnu.org></a>.</p>
- <p>For information on coordinating and submitting translations of
+ <p>For information on coordinating and contributing translations of
our web pages, see <a
href="/server/standards/README.translations.html">Translations
README</a>. -->
Please see the <a
href="/server/standards/README.translations.html">Translations
-README</a> for information on coordinating and submitting translations
+README</a> for information on coordinating and contributing translations
of this article.</p>
</div>
@@ -97,7 +105,7 @@
There is more detail about copyright years in the GNU Maintainers
Information document, www.gnu.org/prep/maintain. -->
-<p>Copyright © 2012, 2014 Richard M. Stallman.</p>
+<p>Copyright © 2012 Richard Stallman.</p>
<p>This page is licensed under a <a rel="license"
href="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nd/3.0/us/";>Creative
@@ -107,10 +115,10 @@
<p class="unprintable">Updated:
<!-- timestamp start -->
-$Date: 2014/04/12 12:39:59 $
+$Date: 2021/09/02 08:42:02 $
<!-- timestamp end -->
</p>
</div>
-</div>
+</div><!-- for class="inner", starts in the banner include -->
</body>
</html>
Index: dat.html
===================================================================
RCS file: /webcvs/www/www/philosophy/dat.html,v
retrieving revision 1.33
retrieving revision 1.34
diff -u -b -r1.33 -r1.34
--- dat.html 1 Jul 2020 15:25:23 -0000 1.33
+++ dat.html 2 Sep 2021 08:42:02 -0000 1.34
@@ -1,20 +1,28 @@
<!--#include virtual="/server/header.html" -->
-<!-- Parent-Version: 1.77 -->
+<!-- Parent-Version: 1.96 -->
+<!-- This page is derived from /server/standards/boilerplate.html -->
+<!--#set var="TAGS" value="essays cultural funding" -->
+<!--#set var="DISABLE_TOP_ADDENDUM" value="yes" -->
<title>The Right Way to Tax DAT - GNU Project - Free Software
Foundation</title>
<!--#include virtual="/philosophy/po/dat.translist" -->
<!--#include virtual="/server/banner.html" -->
+<!--#include virtual="/philosophy/ph-breadcrumb.html" -->
+<!--GNUN: OUT-OF-DATE NOTICE-->
+<!--#include virtual="/server/top-addendum.html" -->
+<div class="article reduced-width">
<h2>The Right Way to Tax DAT</h2>
-<p>by <a href="http://www.stallman.org/";><strong>Richard
-Stallman</strong></a></p>
+<address class="byline">by <a href="https://www.stallman.org/";>Richard
+Stallman</a></address>
+<div class="infobox" role="complementary">
<p><em>[This article does not concern software, not directly. It
concerns a parallel issue about sharing copies of music.]</em></p>
-<p><em>[The article was first published in Wired magazine in 1992; the
+<p><em>[The article was first published in <cite>Wired</cite> magazine in
1992; the
text has not been changed; instead, I have added notes, in square
brackets and with italics or other emphasis.]</em></p>
@@ -29,6 +37,8 @@
the Global Patronage
system (in French, Mécénat Global). I support both
solutions; that is to say, I favor adopting either one.]</em></p>
+</div>
+<hr class="thin">
<p>Record company magnates don't like the digital audio tape recorder
(<abbr title="Digital Audio Tape">DAT</abbr>), which can make
@@ -84,7 +94,7 @@
view rejected by the American legal system.</p>
<p>The stated purpose of copyright, given in the U.S. Constitution, is
-to “promote the progress of science and the useful arts”.
+to “promote the progress of science and the useful arts.”
Progress in music means new and varied music for the public to enjoy:
copyright is supposed to promote a public good, not a private one.</p>
@@ -337,7 +347,7 @@
we must first prevent the hasty adoption of the record company plan.
To help accomplish this, please write letters to:</p>
-<blockquote>
+<address>
<p>Congressman Barney Frank<br />
437 Cherry St<br />
West Newton, MA 02165</p>
@@ -347,7 +357,7 @@
<p>House Subcommittee on Intellectual Property<br />
House of Representatives<br />
Washington, DC 20515</p>
-</blockquote>
+</address>
<p>Urge Congress to reject the record company bill so that this and
other alternatives can be properly considered. It takes just a few
@@ -358,11 +368,12 @@
copies of this article. Many musicians prefer this alternative to the
record company tax plan, and they are strongly motivated to act on
their concern.</p>
+</div>
</div><!-- for id="content", starts in the include above -->
<!--#include virtual="/server/footer.html" -->
-<div id="footer">
+<div id="footer" role="contentinfo">
<div class="unprintable">
<p>Please send general FSF & GNU inquiries to
@@ -380,17 +391,17 @@
to <a href="mailto:web-translators@gnu.org";>
<web-translators@gnu.org></a>.</p>
- <p>For information on coordinating and submitting translations of
+ <p>For information on coordinating and contributing translations of
our web pages, see <a
href="/server/standards/README.translations.html">Translations
README</a>. -->
Please see the <a
href="/server/standards/README.translations.html">Translations
-README</a> for information on coordinating and submitting translations
+README</a> for information on coordinating and contributing translations
of this article.</p>
</div>
-<p>Copyright © 1992, 2010, 2014, 2020 Richard M. Stallman</p>
+<p>Copyright © 1992, 2009, 2010 Richard M. Stallman</p>
<p>This page is licensed under a <a rel="license"
href="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nd/4.0/";>Creative
@@ -400,10 +411,10 @@
<p class="unprintable">Updated:
<!-- timestamp start -->
-$Date: 2020/07/01 15:25:23 $
+$Date: 2021/09/02 08:42:02 $
<!-- timestamp end -->
</p>
</div>
-</div>
+</div><!-- for class="inner", starts in the banner include -->
</body>
</html>
Index: devils-advocate.html
===================================================================
RCS file: /webcvs/www/www/philosophy/devils-advocate.html,v
retrieving revision 1.7
retrieving revision 1.8
diff -u -b -r1.7 -r1.8
--- devils-advocate.html 7 Nov 2017 21:09:49 -0000 1.7
+++ devils-advocate.html 2 Sep 2021 08:42:02 -0000 1.8
@@ -1,11 +1,19 @@
<!--#include virtual="/server/header.html" -->
+<!-- Parent-Version: 1.96 -->
+<!-- This page is derived from /server/standards/boilerplate.html -->
+<!--#set var="TAGS" value="essays upholding action" -->
+<!--#set var="DISABLE_TOP_ADDENDUM" value="yes" -->
<title>Devil's Advocate
- GNU Project - Free Software Foundation</title>
<!--#include virtual="/philosophy/po/devils-advocate.translist" -->
<!--#include virtual="/server/banner.html" -->
+<!--#include virtual="/philosophy/ph-breadcrumb.html" -->
+<!--GNUN: OUT-OF-DATE NOTICE-->
+<!--#include virtual="/server/top-addendum.html" -->
+<div class="article reduced-width">
<h2>Why the Devil's Advocate Doesn't Help Reach the Truth</h2>
-<p>by Richard Stallman</p>
+<address class="byline">by Richard Stallman</address>
<p>Playing the devil's advocate means challenging a position by saying
what a hypothetical adversary would say. I encounter this frequently
@@ -78,17 +86,18 @@
you are asked how you would answer if someone else asked a hostile
question, perhaps this essay is a good response.</p>
-<hr class="thin" />
-<h3 style="font-size:1.2em">Footnote</h3>
+<hr class="column-limit" />
+<h3 class="footnote">Footnote</h3>
<ol>
<li id="ft1">The author uses the gender-neutral third person singular
pronouns “person,” “per,” and
“pers.”</li>
</ol>
+</div>
</div><!-- for id="content", starts in the include above -->
<!--#include virtual="/server/footer.html" -->
-<div id="footer">
+<div id="footer" role="contentinfo">
<div class="unprintable">
<p>Please send general FSF & GNU inquiries to
@@ -106,13 +115,13 @@
to <a href="mailto:web-translators@gnu.org";>
<web-translators@gnu.org></a>.</p>
- <p>For information on coordinating and submitting translations of
+ <p>For information on coordinating and contributing translations of
our web pages, see <a
href="/server/standards/README.translations.html">Translations
README</a>. -->
Please see the <a
href="/server/standards/README.translations.html">Translations
-README</a> for information on coordinating and submitting translations
+README</a> for information on coordinating and contributing translations
of this article.</p>
</div>
@@ -143,10 +152,10 @@
<p class="unprintable">Updated:
<!-- timestamp start -->
-$Date: 2017/11/07 21:09:49 $
+$Date: 2021/09/02 08:42:02 $
<!-- timestamp end -->
</p>
</div>
-</div>
+</div><!-- for class="inner", starts in the banner include -->
</body>
</html>
Index: digital-inclusion-in-freedom.html
===================================================================
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retrieving revision 1.54
retrieving revision 1.55
diff -u -b -r1.54 -r1.55
--- digital-inclusion-in-freedom.html 31 Jan 2021 17:25:34 -0000 1.54
+++ digital-inclusion-in-freedom.html 2 Sep 2021 08:42:02 -0000 1.55
@@ -1,17 +1,23 @@
<!--#include virtual="/server/header.html" -->
-<!-- Parent-Version: 1.90 -->
+<!-- Parent-Version: 1.96 -->
+<!-- This page is derived from /server/standards/boilerplate.html -->
+<!--#set var="TAGS" value="essays cultural society" -->
+<!--#set var="DISABLE_TOP_ADDENDUM" value="yes" -->
<title>Is Digital Inclusion a Good Thing? How Can We Make Sure It Is?
- GNU Project - Free Software Foundation</title>
+<style type="text/css" media="print,screen"><!--
+ul span { color: brown; }
+--></style>
<!--#include virtual="/philosophy/po/digital-inclusion-in-freedom.translist"
-->
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+<!--#include virtual="/philosophy/ph-breadcrumb.html" -->
+<!--GNUN: OUT-OF-DATE NOTICE-->
+<!--#include virtual="/server/top-addendum.html" -->
+<div class="article reduced-width">
<h2>Is Digital Inclusion a Good Thing? How Can We Make Sure It Is?</h2>
<address class="byline">by
-<a href="http://www.stallman.org/";>Richard Stallman</a></address>
-
-<p><em>This essay was first published in the proceedings of the ITU's 2009
-Kaleidoscope conference in Mar del Plata, Argentina.</em></p>
-<hr class="thin" />
+<a href="https://www.stallman.org/";>Richard Stallman</a></address>
<h3 id="intro">INTRODUCTION</h3>
@@ -180,21 +186,21 @@
<p>A program is free/libre if it gives the user these four essential
freedoms:<a id="tex2html29" href="#foot113"><sup>16</sup></a></p>
-<ul>
-<li>0. Freedom to run the program as you wish.</li>
+<ul class="no-bullet">
+<li><span>0.</span> Freedom to run the program as you wish.</li>
-<li>1. Freedom to study the source code, and change it to make the
+<li><span>1.</span> Freedom to study the source code, and change it to make the
program do what you wish.</li>
-<li>2. Freedom to redistribute and/or republish exact copies. (This
+<li><span>2.</span> Freedom to redistribute and/or republish exact copies.
(This
is the freedom to help your neighbor.)</li>
-<li>3. Freedom to distribute and/or publish copies of your modified
+<li><span>3.</span> Freedom to distribute and/or publish copies of your
modified
versions. (This is the freedom to contribute to your community.)</li>
</ul>
<p>When software is free/libre, the users control what it does. A
-non-free or <em>proprietary</em> program is under the control of its
+nonfree or <em>proprietary</em> program is under the control of its
developer, and functions as an instrument to give the developer
control over the users. It may be convenient, or it may not, but
in either case it imposes on its users a social system that keeps them
@@ -225,7 +231,7 @@
millions of users<a id="tex2html36"
href="#foot116"><sup>19</sup></a> run the
GNU/Linux<a id="tex2html38"
-href="#foot117"><sup>20</sup></a>operating system. Thousands of
+href="#foot117"><sup>20</sup></a> operating system. Thousands of
programmers write useful free software as
volunteers.<a id="tex2html40" href="#foot118"><sup>21</sup></a>
Companies such as Red Hat, IBM, Oracle, and Google pay programmers to
@@ -233,7 +239,7 @@
free software developers there are; studying the question would be
useful. Alexandre Zapolsky of the free software business event Paris
Capitale du Libre (<a
-href="http://web.archive.org/web/20140402120239/http://paris-libre.org/";>http://www.paris-libre.org</a>)
said
+href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140402120239/http://paris-libre.org/";>www.paris-libre.org</a>)
said
in 2007 that the free software companies of France had over 10,000
employees.</p>
@@ -316,8 +322,10 @@
computing, they must avoid SaaS just as they must avoid proprietary
software.</p>
+<!-- 2021-08-22 http://pdf-express.org unreachable. Now at
+https://www.ieee.org/conferences/publishing/pdfexpress.html -->
<p>For the preparation of this paper I was invited to use an IEEE site
-called <a href="http://pdf-express.org";>pdf-express.org</a> to convert
+called pdf-express.org to convert
my PDF file into one with the embedded fonts required for the
conference proceedings. Looking at that site, I concluded that it was
an instance of software as a service, and therefore I should not use
@@ -532,7 +540,7 @@
<p>The singer Jane Siberry offers her music for
download through her own web site, called <a id="tex2html71"
-href="http://janesiberry.com";>janesiberry.com</a> in 2010, allowing people to
pay
+href="https://janesiberry.com";>janesiberry.com</a> in 2010, allowing people to
pay
whatever amount they wish. The average price paid per song was earlier
reported to be more than the $.99 that the major
record companies charge.<a id="tex2html72"
@@ -650,12 +658,12 @@
lawful.</p>
<p>To make these changes in laws happen, we need to organize. The
-Electronic Frontier Foundation (<a href="http://eff.org";>eff.org</a>)
+Electronic Frontier Foundation (<a href="https://www.eff.org/";>eff.org</a>)
campaigns against censorship and surveillance. End Software Patents
-(<a href="http://endsoftpatents.org";>endsoftpatents.org</a>) campaigns against
+(<a href="https://endsoftpatents.org/";>endsoftpatents.org</a>) campaigns
against
software patents. The Free Software Foundation campaigns against DRM
through the site
-<a href="http://DefectiveByDesign.org";>DefectiveByDesign.org</a>.</p>
+<a href="https://www.defectivebydesign.org/";>DefectiveByDesign.org</a>.</p>
<h4 id="personally">Defending freedom personally</h4>
@@ -705,22 +713,23 @@
not exposing the supposed beneficiaries to surveillance or censorship
through the computing practices to which they are being
introduced.</p>
+<div class="column-limit"></div>
-<h3 id="footnotes">Footnotes</h3>
+<h3 id="footnotes" class="footnote">Footnotes</h3>
-<dl>
+<dl class="compact" style="font-size:1rem">
<dt id="foot100">… cafe.<a
href="#tex2html1"><sup>1</sup></a></dt>
<dd>See
<a
-
href="http://www.cecc.gov/publications/commission-analysis/beijing-requires-photo-registration-at-all-internet-cafes-by";>http://www.cecc.gov/publications/commission-analysis/beijing-requires-photo-registration-at-all-internet-cafes-by</a>.
+
href="https://www.cecc.gov/publications/commission-analysis/beijing-requires-photo-registration-at-all-internet-cafes-by";>cecc.gov/publications/commission-analysis/beijing-requires-photo-registration-at-all-internet-cafes-by</a>.
</dd>
<dt id="foot101">… police<a
href="#tex2html3"><sup>2</sup></a></dt>
<dd>See
<a
-
href="http://www.schneier.com/blog/archives/2006/12/remotely_eavesd_1.html";>http://www.schneier.com/blog/archives/2006/12/remotely_eavesd_1.html</a>.
+
href="https://www.schneier.com/blog/archives/2006/12/remotely_eavesd_1.html";>schneier.com/blog/archives/2006/12/remotely_eavesd_1.html</a>.
</dd>
<dt id="foot102">… individuals.<a
@@ -728,21 +737,21 @@
<dd>See
<!--<a Dead link as of 2021-01-30
href="http://www.newarkspeaks.com/forum/showthread.php?t=5379";>-->
-http://www.newarkspeaks.com/forum/showthread.php?t=5379<!--</a>-->.
+newarkspeaks.com/forum/showthread.php?t=5379<!--</a>-->.
</dd>
<dt id="foot103">… groups<a
href="#tex2html7"><sup>4</sup></a></dt>
<dd>See
<a
-
href="https://www.aclu.org/fbi-jttf-spying";>http://www.aclu.org/fbi-jttf-spying</a>.
+ href="https://www.aclu.org/fbi-jttf-spying";>aclu.org/fbi-jttf-spying</a>.
</dd>
<dt id="foot104">… “terrorism.”<a
href="#tex2html9"><sup>5</sup></a></dt>
<dd>See
<a
-
href="http://democracynow.org/2008/9/4/eight_members_of_rnc_activist_group";>http://democracynow.org/2008/9/4/eight_members_of_rnc_activist_group</a>.
+
href="https://www.democracynow.org/2008/9/4/eight_members_of_rnc_activist_group";>democracynow.org/2008/9/4/eight_members_of_rnc_activist_group</a>.
</dd>
<dt id="foot105">… “terrorists.”<a
@@ -750,7 +759,7 @@
<dd>See
<a
href="http://web-old.archive.org/web/20160722044945/http://abcnews.go.com/International/story?id=7891929";>
-http://abcnews.go.com/international/story?id=7891929</a>.
+abcnews.go.com/international/story?id=7891929</a> (archived).
</dd>
<dt id="foot20">… dissidents.<a
@@ -763,33 +772,33 @@
href="#tex2html14"><sup>8</sup></a></dt>
<dd>See
<a
-
href="http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/programmes/whos_watching_you/8064333.stm";>http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/programmes/whos_watching_you/8064333.stm</a>.
+
href="https://www.bbc.com/news/2/hi/programmes/whos_watching_you/8064333.stm";>bbc.com/news/2/hi/programmes/whos_watching_you/8064333.stm</a>.
</dd>
<dt id="foot107">… site.<a
href="#tex2html16"><sup>9</sup></a></dt>
<dd>See
<a
-
href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190918142631/https://www.computerworld.com.au/article/302161/watchdog_threatens_online_rights_group_11k_fine";>https://www.computerworld.com.au/article/302161/watchdog_threatens_online_rights_group_11k_fine</a>
(archived).
+
href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190918142631/https://www.computerworld.com.au/article/302161/watchdog_threatens_online_rights_group_11k_fine";>computerworld.com.au/article/302161/watchdog_threatens_online_rights_group_11k_fine</a>
(archived).
</dd>
<dt id="foot108">… list.<a
href="#tex2html18"><sup>10</sup></a></dt>
<dd>See
<a
-
href="https://www.smh.com.au/technology/banned-hyperlinks-could-cost-you-11-000-a-day-20090317-gdtf8j.html";>https://www.smh.com.au/technology/banned-hyperlinks-could-cost-you-11-000-a-day-20090317-gdtf8j.html</a>.
+
href="https://www.smh.com.au/technology/banned-hyperlinks-could-cost-you-11-000-a-day-20090317-gdtf8j.html";>smh.com.au/technology/banned-hyperlinks-could-cost-you-11-000-a-day-20090317-gdtf8j.html</a>.
</dd>
<dt id="foot109">… censorship.<a
href="#tex2html20"><sup>11</sup></a></dt>
<dd>See <a
-
href="http://netzpolitik.org/2009/the-dawning-of-internet-censorship-in-germany/";>http://netzpolitik.org/2009/the-dawning-of-internet-censorship-in-germany/</a>.
+
href="https://netzpolitik.org/2009/the-dawning-of-internet-censorship-in-germany/";>netzpolitik.org/2009/the-dawning-of-internet-censorship-in-germany/</a>.
</dd>
<dt id="foot110">… Internet.<a
href="#tex2html22"><sup>12</sup></a></dt>
<dd>See <a
-
href="http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/India/Govt-gearing-up-to-gag-news-websites/articleshow/4562292.cms";>http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/India/Govt-gearing-up-to-gag-news-websites/articleshow/4562292.cms</a>.
+
href="https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/India/Govt-gearing-up-to-gag-news-websites/articleshow/4562292.cms";>timesofindia.indiatimes.com/India/Govt-gearing-up-to-gag-news-websites/articleshow/4562292.cms</a>.
</dd>
<dt id="foot28">… animals.<a
@@ -803,8 +812,8 @@
href="#tex2html25"><sup>14</sup></a></dt>
<dd>See
<a
-
href="http://www.mcclatchydc.com/news/politics-government/article24476581.html";>
- http://www.mcclatchydc.com/news/politics-government/article24476581.html</a>.
+
href="https://www.mcclatchydc.com/news/politics-government/article24476581.html";>
+ mcclatchydc.com/news/politics-government/article24476581.html</a>.
</dd>
<dt id="foot112">… ways.<a
@@ -812,22 +821,22 @@
<dd>See
<a
href="https://www.networkworld.com/article/2255678/20-years-after-tiananmen--china-containing-dissent-online.html";>
-
http://www.networkworld.com/article/2255678/lan-wan/20-years-after-tiananmen--china-containing-dissent-online.html</a>.
+
networkworld.com/article/2255678/20-years-after-tiananmen--china-containing-dissent-online.html</a>.
</dd>
<dt id="foot113">… freedoms:<a
href="#tex2html29"><sup>16</sup></a></dt>
<dd>See <a
- href="/philosophy/free-sw.html">http://gnu.org/philosophy/free-sw.html</a>.
+ href="/philosophy/free-sw.html">gnu.org/philosophy/free-sw.html</a>.
</dd>
<dt id="foot114">… divided.<a
href="#tex2html31"><sup>17</sup></a></dt>
<dd>See
<a
-
href="/philosophy/why-free.html">http://www.gnu.org/philosophy/why-free.html</a>
and
+ href="/philosophy/why-free.html">gnu.org/philosophy/why-free.html</a> and
<a
-
href="/philosophy/shouldbefree.html">http://www.gnu.org/philosophy/shouldbefree.html</a>
for other
+
href="/philosophy/shouldbefree.html">gnu.org/philosophy/shouldbefree.html</a>
for other
arguments.
</dd>
@@ -835,56 +844,56 @@
href="#tex2html34"><sup>18</sup></a></dt>
<dd>See
<a
- href="http://directory.fsf.org";>http://directory.fsf.org</a>.
+
href="https://directory.fsf.org/wiki/Main_Page";>directory.fsf.org/wiki/Main_Page</a>.
</dd>
<dt id="foot116">… users<a
href="#tex2html36"><sup>19</sup></a></dt>
<dd>See
<a
-
href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Linux_adoption";>http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Linux_adoption</a>.
+
href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Linux_adoption";>wikipedia.org/wiki/Linux_adoption</a>.
</dd>
<dt id="foot117">… GNU/Linux<a
href="#tex2html38"><sup>20</sup></a></dt>
<dd>See <a
- href="/gnu/gnu-linux-faq.html">http://gnu.org/gnu/gnu-linux-faq.html</a>.
+ href="/gnu/gnu-linux-faq.html">gnu.org/gnu/gnu-linux-faq.html</a>.
</dd>
<dt id="foot118">… volunteers.<a
href="#tex2html40"><sup>21</sup></a></dt>
<dd>See
<a
-
href="/philosophy/fs-motives.html">http://www.gnu.org/philosophy/fs-motives.html</a>
+ href="/philosophy/fs-motives.html">gnu.org/philosophy/fs-motives.html</a>
for some of their motives.
</dd>
<dt id="foot119">… user,<a
href="#tex2html43"><sup>22</sup></a></dt>
<dd>See <a
-href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160313214751/http://www.theregister.co.uk/2015/08/21/spotify_worse_than_the_nsa/";>
-https://web.archive.org/web/20160313214751/http://www.theregister.co.uk/2015/08/21/spotify_worse_than_the_nsa</a>.
+href="https://www.theregister.com/2015/08/21/spotify_worse_than_the_nsa";>
+theregister.com/2015/08/21/spotify_worse_than_the_nsa</a>.
</dd>
<dt id="foot120">… files,<a
href="#tex2html45"><sup>23</sup></a></dt>
<dd>See
<a
- href="http://badvista.org";>http://badvista.org</a>.
+ href="https://badvista.fsf.org/";>badvista.fsf.org/</a>.
</dd>
<dt id="foot121">… time.<a
href="#tex2html47"><sup>24</sup></a></dt>
<dd>See
<a
-
href="http://www.informationweek.com/microsoft-updates-windows-without-user-permission-apologizes/d/d-id/1059183";>http://www.informationweek.com/microsoft-updates-windows-without-user-permission-apologizes/d/d-id/1059183</a>.
+
href="https://www.informationweek.com/government/microsoft-updates-windows-without-user-permission-apologizes";>informationweek.com/government/microsoft-updates-windows-without-user-permission-apologizes</a>.
</dd>
<dt id="foot122">… own.<a
href="#tex2html49"><sup>25</sup></a></dt>
<dd>See
<a
-
href="http://voices.washingtonpost.com/securityfix/2009/05/microsoft_update_quietly_insta.html";>http://voices.washingtonpost.com/securityfix/2009/05/microsoft_update_quietly_insta.html</a>.
+
href="http://voices.washingtonpost.com/securityfix/2009/05/microsoft_update_quietly_insta.html";>voices.washingtonpost.com/securityfix/2009/05/microsoft_update_quietly_insta.html</a>.
</dd>
<dt id="foot123">… reference.<a
@@ -893,36 +902,36 @@
is only available to be “leased”;
<a
href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160423155515/http://www.smpte.org/sites/default/files/IndividualLicenseAgreementforSMPTE_EngineeringDocuments.pdf";>
-http://www.smpte.org/sites/default/files/IndividualLicenseAgreementforSMPTE_EngineeringDocuments.pdf</a>.
+smpte.org/sites/default/files/IndividualLicenseAgreementforSMPTE_EngineeringDocuments.pdf</a>
(archived).
</dd>
<dt id="foot124">… patented.<a
href="#tex2html53"><sup>27</sup></a></dt>
<dd>See
<a
-href="http://web.archive.org/web/20120307122114/http://www.mpegla.com/Lists/MPEG%20LA%20News%20List/Attachments/176/n_06-08-17_pr.pdf";>
-http://www.mpegla.com/Lists/MPEG%20LA%20News%20List/Attachments/176/n_06-08-17_pr.pdf</a>
(archived).
+href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120307122114/http://www.mpegla.com/Lists/MPEG%20LA%20News%20List/Attachments/176/n_06-08-17_pr.pdf";>
+mpegla.com/Lists/MPEG%20LA%20News%20List/Attachments/176/n_06-08-17_pr.pdf</a>
(archived).
</dd>
<dt id="foot125">… million.<a
href="#tex2html56"><sup>28</sup></a></dt>
<dd>See
<a
-
href="http://arstechnica.com/tech-policy/news/2009/06/jammie-thomas-retrial-verdict.ars";>http://arstechnica.com/tech-policy/news/2009/06/jammie-thomas-retrial-verdict.ars</a>.
+
href="https://arstechnica.com/tech-policy/2009/06/jammie-thomas-retrial-verdict/";>arstechnica.com/tech-policy/2009/06/jammie-thomas-retrial-verdict/</a>.
</dd>
<dt id="foot126">… Council.<a
href="#tex2html58"><sup>29</sup></a></dt>
<dd>See
<a
-
href="http://www.laquadrature.net/fr/hadopi-is-dead-three-strikes-killed-by-highest-court";>http://www.laquadrature.net/fr/hadopi-is-dead-three-strikes-killed-by-highest-court</a>.
+
href="https://www.laquadrature.net/en/2009/06/10/hadopi-is-dead-three-strikes-killed-by-highest-court/";>laquadrature.net/en/2009/06/10/hadopi-is-dead-three-strikes-killed-by-highest-court/</a>.
</dd>
<dt id="foot127">… them.<a
href="#tex2html60"><sup>30</sup></a></dt>
<dd>See
<a
-
href="http://arstechnica.com/tech-policy/news/2008/11/canadian-wish-list-for-secret-acta-treaty-long-varied.ars";>http://arstechnica.com/tech-policy/news/2008/11/canadian-wish-list-for-secret-acta-treaty-long-varied.ars</a>.
+
href="https://arstechnica.com/tech-policy/2008/11/canadian-wish-list-for-secret-acta-treaty-long-varied/";>arstechnica.com/tech-policy/2008/11/canadian-wish-list-for-secret-acta-treaty-long-varied/</a>.
</dd>
<dt id="foot128">… “piracy,”<a
@@ -936,54 +945,54 @@
href="#tex2html64"><sup>32</sup></a></dt>
<dd>See
<a
- href="/philosophy/not-ipr.html">http://gnu.org/philosophy/not-ipr.html</a>
for why this propaganda
+ href="/philosophy/not-ipr.html">gnu.org/philosophy/not-ipr.html</a> for why
this propaganda
term is harmful.
</dd>
<dt id="foot130">… purpose.<a
href="#tex2html66"><sup>33</sup></a></dt>
<dd>See <a
-
href="http://www.cl.cam.ac.uk/~rja14/tcpa-faq.html";>http://www.cl.cam.ac.uk/~rja14/tcpa-faq.html</a>.
+
href="https://www.cl.cam.ac.uk/~rja14/tcpa-faq.html";>www.cl.cam.ac.uk/~rja14/tcpa-faq.html</a>.
</dd>
<dt id="foot66">… DRM.<a
href="#tex2html68"><sup>34</sup></a></dt>
<dd>Those publishers, in an act of doublespeak, call it “Digital
- Rights Management”.
+ Rights Management.”
</dd>
<dt id="foot131">… 200.<a
href="#tex2html69"><sup>35</sup></a></dt>
<dd>See
<a
-
href="http://www.boingboing.net/2009/01/23/monty-pythons-free-w.html";>http://www.boingboing.net/2009/01/23/monty-pythons-free-w.html</a>.
+
href="https://boingboing.net/2009/01/23/monty-pythons-free-w.html";>boingboing.net/2009/01/23/monty-pythons-free-w.html</a>.
</dd>
<dt id="foot132">… charge.<a
href="#tex2html72"><sup>36</sup></a></dt>
<dd>See
<a
-
href="http://www.37signals.com/svn/posts/419-jane-siberrys-you-decide-what-feels-right-pricing";>http://www.37signals.com/svn/posts/419-jane-siberrys-you-decide-what-feels-right-pricing</a>.
+
href="https://signalvnoise.com/posts/419-jane-siberrys-you-decide-what-feels-right-pricing";>signalvnoise.com/posts/419-jane-siberrys-you-decide-what-feels-right-pricing</a>.
</dd>
<dt id="foot133">… days.<a
href="#tex2html74"><sup>37</sup></a></dt>
<dd>See
<a
-
href="http://www.boingboing.net/2008/03/05/nine-inch-nails-made.html";>http://www.boingboing.net/2008/03/05/nine-inch-nails-made.html</a>.
+
href="https://boingboing.net/2008/03/05/nine-inch-nails-made.html";>boingboing.net/2008/03/05/nine-inch-nails-made.html</a>.
</dd>
<dt id="foot134">… support.<a
href="#tex2html76"><sup>38</sup></a></dt>
<dd>See
<a
-
href="http://www.kk.org/thetechnium/archives/2008/03/1000_true_fans.php";>http://www.kk.org/thetechnium/archives/2008/03/1000_true_fans.php</a>.
+
href="https://kk.org/thetechnium/1000-true-fans/";>kk.org/thetechnium/1000-true-fans/</a>.
</dd>
<dt id="foot135">… revenue.<a
href="#tex2html78"><sup>39</sup></a></dt>
<dd>See <a
- href="/philosophy/dat.html">http://gnu.org/philosophy/dat.html</a>
+ href="/philosophy/dat.html">gnu.org/philosophy/dat.html</a>
for my 1992 proposal.
</dd>
@@ -996,7 +1005,7 @@
href="#tex2html81"><sup>41</sup></a></dt>
<dd>See
<a
-
href="http://stallman.org/mecenat/global-patronage.html";>http://stallman.org/mecenat/global-patronage.html</a>.
+
href="https://stallman.org/mecenat/global-patronage.html";>stallman.org/mecenat/global-patronage.html</a>.
</dd>
<dt id="foot137">… MP3<a
@@ -1006,9 +1015,16 @@
</dd>
</dl>
+<div class="infobox">
+<hr />
+<p>This essay was first published in the proceedings of the ITU's 2009
+Kaleidoscope conference in Mar del Plata, Argentina.</p>
+</div>
+</div>
+
</div><!-- for id="content", starts in the include above -->
<!--#include virtual="/server/footer.html" -->
-<div id="footer">
+<div id="footer" role="contentinfo">
<div class="unprintable">
<p>Please send general FSF & GNU inquiries to
@@ -1026,13 +1042,13 @@
to <a href="mailto:web-translators@gnu.org";>
<web-translators@gnu.org></a>.</p>
- <p>For information on coordinating and submitting translations of
+ <p>For information on coordinating and contributing translations of
our web pages, see <a
href="/server/standards/README.translations.html">Translations
README</a>. -->
Please see the <a
href="/server/standards/README.translations.html">Translations
-README</a> for information on coordinating and submitting translations
+README</a> for information on coordinating and contributing translations
of this article.</p>
</div>
@@ -1053,7 +1069,7 @@
There is more detail about copyright years in the GNU Maintainers
Information document, www.gnu.org/prep/maintain. -->
-<p>Copyright © 2009, 2014, 2015, 2016, 2017, 2018, 2019, 2020, 2021
Richard M. Stallman</p>
+<p>Copyright © 2009, 2021 Richard M. Stallman</p>
<p>This page is licensed under a <a rel="license"
href="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nd/4.0/";>Creative
@@ -1063,7 +1079,7 @@
<p class="unprintable">Updated:
<!-- timestamp start -->
-$Date: 2021/01/31 17:25:34 $
+$Date: 2021/09/02 08:42:02 $
<!-- timestamp end -->
</p>
</div>
Index: dmarti-patent.html
===================================================================
RCS file: /webcvs/www/www/philosophy/dmarti-patent.html,v
retrieving revision 1.22
retrieving revision 1.23
diff -u -b -r1.22 -r1.23
--- dmarti-patent.html 26 Dec 2020 14:28:40 -0000 1.22
+++ dmarti-patent.html 2 Sep 2021 08:42:02 -0000 1.23
@@ -1,16 +1,27 @@
<!--#include virtual="/server/header.html" -->
-<!-- Parent-Version: 1.84 -->
+<!-- Parent-Version: 1.96 -->
+<!-- This page is derived from /server/standards/boilerplate.html -->
+<!--#set var="TAGS" value="thirdparty" -->
+<!--#set var="DISABLE_TOP_ADDENDUM" value="yes" -->
<title>Patent Reform Now - GNU Project - Free Software Foundation</title>
<!--#include virtual="/philosophy/po/dmarti-patent.translist" -->
<!--#include virtual="/server/banner.html" -->
+<!--#include virtual="/philosophy/ph-breadcrumb.html" -->
+<!--GNUN: OUT-OF-DATE NOTICE-->
+<!--#include virtual="/server/top-addendum.html" -->
+<div class="article reduced-width">
<h2>Patent Reform Now! Mail USPTO before 12 April 2001!</h2>
-<p>by Don Marti <a href="mailto:dmarti@ssc.com";><dmarti@ssc.com></a></p>
+<address class="byline">by Don Marti <<a
+href="mailto:dmarti@ssc.com";>dmarti@ssc.com</a>></address>
+<div class="infobox">
<p><em>
[This page remains here for historical interest; we will post the results
- of this campaign when we hear who who has been put on the committee.]
+ of this campaign when we hear who has been put on the committee.]
</em></p>
+</div>
+<hr class="thin" />
<p>
3 April 2001
@@ -28,11 +39,11 @@
<p>
Richard M. Stallman, inventor of notable software innovations
including the Emacs editor and the software distribution model
-“copyleft”, is our choice for the committee. Stallman has
+“copyleft,” is our choice for the committee. Stallman has
shown reasoned opposition not only to the current trends of patenting
other people's work and trivial new developments, but also to the
patentability of mathematical algorithms and business
-methods. <a href="http://stallman.org/biographies.html#serious";>“A
serious
+methods. <a href="https://stallman.org/biographies.html#serious";>“A
serious
bio”</a> from his web site is the resume he offers; it
summarizes his achievements.
</p>
@@ -56,7 +67,7 @@
</p>
<p>Here is the original notice from the Federal Register (converted from the
-<a href="http://www.uspto.gov/web/offices/com/sol/notices/pubadvcomnom.pdf";>
+<a href="https://www.uspto.gov/web/offices/com/sol/notices/pubadvcomnom.pdf";>
original PDF file</a> on the USPTO site.)
</p>
@@ -66,7 +77,7 @@
today.
</p>
-<hr />
+<hr class="thin" />
<p>
<b>DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE
@@ -91,7 +102,7 @@
</p>
<p>On November 29, 1999, the President signed into law the Patent
-and Trademark Office Efficiency Act (the ``Act''), Pub. L. 106113,
+and Trademark Office Efficiency Act (the “Act”), Pub. L. 106113,
Appendix I, Title IV, Subtitle G, 113 Stat. 1501A 572, which, among
other things, established two Public Advisory Committees to review the
policies, goals, performance, budget and user fees of the United States
@@ -150,15 +161,15 @@
<p>The Public Advisory Committees are each composed of nine (9)
voting members who are appointed by the Secretary of Commerce (the
-``Secretary'') and who have ``substantial backgrounds and achievement in
+“Secretary”) and who have “substantial backgrounds and
achievement in
finance, management, labor relations, science, technology, and office
-automation.'' 35 U.S.C. 5(b)(3). The Public Advisory Committee members
+automation.” 35 U.S.C. 5(b)(3). The Public Advisory Committee members
must be United States citizens and represent the interests of diverse
users of the USPTO both large and small entity applicants in proportion
to the number of such applications filed. In the case of the Patent
Public Advisory Committee, at least twenty-five (25) percent of the
-members must represent ``small business concerns, independent inventors,
-and nonprofit organizations,'' and at least one member must represent
+members must represent “small business concerns, independent inventors,
+and nonprofit organizations,” and at least one member must represent
the independent inventors' community. 35 U.S.C. 5(b)(2). Each of the
Public Advisory Committees also includes three (3) non-voting members
representing each labor organization recognized by the USPTO.
@@ -239,10 +250,11 @@
<br />
BILLING CODE 351016U
</p>
+</div>
</div><!-- for id="content", starts in the include above -->
<!--#include virtual="/server/footer.html" -->
-<div id="footer">
+<div id="footer" role="contentinfo">
<div class="unprintable">
<p>
@@ -265,13 +277,13 @@
to <a href="mailto:web-translators@gnu.org";>
<web-translators@gnu.org></a>.</p>
- <p>For information on coordinating and submitting translations of
+ <p>For information on coordinating and contributing translations of
our web pages, see <a
href="/server/standards/README.translations.html">Translations
README</a>. -->
Please see the <a
href="/server/standards/README.translations.html">Translations
-README</a> for information on coordinating and submitting translations
+README</a> for information on coordinating and contributing translations
of this article.</p>
</div>
@@ -296,7 +308,7 @@
This article is reprinted here with permission from Don Marti.
</p>
<p>
-Copyright © 2001, 2014, Specialized Systems Consultants, Inc. All rights
+Copyright © 2001, Specialized Systems Consultants, Inc. All rights
reserved.</p>
<p>
First published on the Linux Journal web site 3 April 2001. Verbatim
@@ -308,10 +320,10 @@
<p class="unprintable">Updated:
<!-- timestamp start -->
-$Date: 2020/12/26 14:28:40 $
+$Date: 2021/09/02 08:42:02 $
<!-- timestamp end -->
</p>
</div>
-</div>
+</div><!-- for class="inner", starts in the banner include -->
</body>
</html>
Index: drdobbs-letter.html
===================================================================
RCS file: /webcvs/www/www/philosophy/drdobbs-letter.html,v
retrieving revision 1.29
retrieving revision 1.30
diff -u -b -r1.29 -r1.30
--- drdobbs-letter.html 12 Apr 2014 12:39:59 -0000 1.29
+++ drdobbs-letter.html 2 Sep 2021 08:42:02 -0000 1.30
@@ -1,10 +1,18 @@
<!--#include virtual="/server/header.html" -->
-<!-- Parent-Version: 1.77 -->
+<!-- Parent-Version: 1.96 -->
+<!-- This page is derived from /server/standards/boilerplate.html -->
+<!--#set var="TAGS" value="essays aboutfs free-open" -->
+<!--#set var="DISABLE_TOP_ADDENDUM" value="yes" -->
<title>Letter to the Editor of Dr. Dobb's Journal
- GNU Project - Free Software Foundation</title>
<!--#include virtual="/philosophy/po/drdobbs-letter.translist" -->
<!--#include virtual="/server/banner.html" -->
+<!--#include virtual="/philosophy/ph-breadcrumb.html" -->
+<!--GNUN: OUT-OF-DATE NOTICE-->
+<!--#include virtual="/server/top-addendum.html" -->
+<div class="article reduced-width">
<h2>Letter to the Editor of Dr. Dobb's Journal</h2>
+<div class="thin"></div>
<p>
Dear Editor,
@@ -72,15 +80,16 @@
<p>
Sincerely,
</p>
-<p>
- Richard Stallman
-President,
-Free Software Foundation
-</p>
+<address>
+—<br />
+Richard Stallman<br />
+President,<br />
+Free Software Foundation</address>
+</div>
</div><!-- for id="content", starts in the include above -->
<!--#include virtual="/server/footer.html" -->
-<div id="footer">
+<div id="footer" role="contentinfo">
<div class="unprintable">
<p>Please send general FSF & GNU inquiries to
@@ -98,13 +107,13 @@
to <a href="mailto:web-translators@gnu.org";>
<web-translators@gnu.org></a>.</p>
- <p>For information on coordinating and submitting translations of
+ <p>For information on coordinating and contributing translations of
our web pages, see <a
href="/server/standards/README.translations.html">Translations
README</a>. -->
Please see the <a
href="/server/standards/README.translations.html">Translations
-README</a> for information on coordinating and submitting translations
+README</a> for information on coordinating and contributing translations
of this article.</p>
</div>
@@ -125,7 +134,7 @@
There is more detail about copyright years in the GNU Maintainers
Information document, www.gnu.org/prep/maintain. -->
-<p>Copyright © 2000, 2007, 2014 Free Software Foundation, Inc.</p>
+<p>Copyright © 2000 Free Software Foundation, Inc.</p>
<p>This page is licensed under a <a rel="license"
href="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nd/3.0/us/";>Creative
@@ -135,10 +144,10 @@
<p class="unprintable">Updated:
<!-- timestamp start -->
-$Date: 2014/04/12 12:39:59 $
+$Date: 2021/09/02 08:42:02 $
<!-- timestamp end -->
</p>
</div>
-</div>
+</div><!-- for class="inner", starts in the banner include -->
</body>
</html>
Index: ebooks-must-increase-freedom.html
===================================================================
RCS file: /webcvs/www/www/philosophy/ebooks-must-increase-freedom.html,v
retrieving revision 1.29
retrieving revision 1.30
diff -u -b -r1.29 -r1.30
--- ebooks-must-increase-freedom.html 25 Sep 2017 09:55:45 -0000 1.29
+++ ebooks-must-increase-freedom.html 2 Sep 2021 08:42:02 -0000 1.30
@@ -1,32 +1,26 @@
<!--#include virtual="/server/header.html" -->
-<!-- Parent-Version: 1.84 -->
+<!-- Parent-Version: 1.96 -->
+<!-- This page is derived from /server/standards/boilerplate.html -->
+<!--#set var="TAGS" value="essays cultural access" -->
+<!--#set var="DISABLE_TOP_ADDENDUM" value="yes" -->
<title>E-books must increase our freedom, not decrease it
- GNU Project - Free Software Foundation</title>
<!--#include virtual="/philosophy/po/ebooks-must-increase-freedom.translist"
-->
<!--#include virtual="/server/banner.html" -->
+<!--#include virtual="/philosophy/ph-breadcrumb.html" -->
+<!--GNUN: OUT-OF-DATE NOTICE-->
+<!--#include virtual="/server/top-addendum.html" -->
+<div class="article reduced-width">
<h2>E-books must increase our freedom, not decrease it</h2>
-<p>by <a href="http://www.stallman.org/";><strong>Richard
-Stallman</strong></a></p>
-
-<p><em>This essay was originally published by <cite>The Guardian</cite>, on 17
April 2012,
-as “<a
-href="//www.theguardian.com/technology/2012/apr/17/sharing-ebooks-richard-stallman">Technology
-Should Help Us Share, Not Constrain Us</a>”, with some surprise editing.
This
-version incorporates parts of that editing while restoring parts of the
original
-text.</em></p>
-
-<div class="announcement">
-<p>Also consider reading <a href="/philosophy/ebooks.html">
-E-Books: Freedom Or Copyright</a>.</p>
-</div>
-<hr />
+<address class="byline">by <a href="https://www.stallman.org/";>Richard
+Stallman</a></address>
<p>I love The Jehovah Contract, and I'd like everyone else to love it
too. I have lent it out at least six times over the years. Printed
books let us do that.</p>
-<p>I couldn't do that with most commercial e-books. It's “not
allowed”.
+<p>I couldn't do that with most commercial e-books. It's “not
allowed.”
And if I tried to disobey, the software in e-readers has malicious
features called Digital Restrictions Management (DRM, for short) to restrict
reading,
so it simply won't work. The e-books are encrypted so that only
@@ -39,7 +33,7 @@
typically available from Amazon only, and Amazon makes users identify
themselves. Thus, Amazon knows exactly which books each user has
read. In a country such as the UK, where you can be <a
-href="http://www.stallman.org/archives/2012-mar-jun.html#07_April_2012_%28Wrong_book%29";>prosecuted
for
+href="https://www.stallman.org/archives/2012-mar-jun.html#07_April_2012_%28Wrong_book%29";>prosecuted
for
possessing a forbidden book</a>, this is more than hypothetically
Orwellian.</p>
@@ -67,13 +61,20 @@
those, some users skilled at programming would remove them, then
provide the corrected version to all the other users. Users can't
change non-Libre software, which makes it <a
-href="http://www.bostonreview.net/forum/protecting-internet-without-wrecking-it/root-problem-software-controlled-its-developer";>
an ideal
+href="https://www.bostonreview.net/forum/protecting-internet-without-wrecking-it/root-problem-software-controlled-its-developer";>
an ideal
instrument for exercising power over the public</a>.</p>
<p>Any one of these encroachments on our freedom is reason aplenty to say
no. If these policies were limited to Amazon, we'd bypass them, but
the other e-book dealers' policies are roughly similar.</p>
+<div class="announcement comment" role="complementary">
+<hr class="no-display" />
+<p><a href="https://www.defectivebydesign.org/ebooks.html";>Join our mailing
list
+about the dangers of eBooks</a>.</p>
+<hr class="no-display" />
+</div>
+
<p>What worries me most is the prospect of losing the option of printed
books. The Guardian has announced “digital-only reads”: in other
words, books available only at the price of freedom. I will not read
@@ -121,14 +122,27 @@
handcuffs for readers. If e-books mean that readers' freedom must
either increase or decrease, we must demand the increase.</p>
-<blockquote class="announcement"><p>
-<a href="http://defectivebydesign.org/ebooks.html";>Join our mailing list
-about the dangers of eBooks</a>.
-</p></blockquote>
+<div class="announcement comment" role="complementary">
+<hr class="no-display" />
+<p>Also consider reading <a href="/philosophy/ebooks.html">
+E-Books: Freedom Or Copyright</a>.</p>
+<hr class="no-display" />
+</div>
+
+<div class="infobox">
+<hr />
+<p>This essay was originally published by <cite>The Guardian</cite>, on 17
April 2012,
+as “<a
+href="https://www.theguardian.com/technology/2012/apr/17/sharing-ebooks-richard-stallman";>Technology
+Should Help Us Share, Not Constrain Us</a>,” with some surprise editing.
This
+version incorporates parts of that editing while restoring parts of the
original
+text.</p>
+</div>
+</div>
</div><!-- for id="content", starts in the include above -->
<!--#include virtual="/server/footer.html" -->
-<div id="footer">
+<div id="footer" role="contentinfo">
<div class="unprintable">
<p>Please send general FSF & GNU inquiries to
@@ -146,13 +160,13 @@
to <a href="mailto:web-translators@gnu.org";>
<web-translators@gnu.org></a>.</p>
- <p>For information on coordinating and submitting translations of
+ <p>For information on coordinating and contributing translations of
our web pages, see <a
href="/server/standards/README.translations.html">Translations
README</a>. -->
Please see the <a
href="/server/standards/README.translations.html">Translations
-README</a> for information on coordinating and submitting translations
+README</a> for information on coordinating and contributing translations
of this article.</p>
</div>
@@ -173,7 +187,7 @@
There is more detail about copyright years in the GNU Maintainers
Information document, www.gnu.org/prep/maintain. -->
-<p>Copyright © 2012, 2015, 2016, 2017 Richard Stallman</p>
+<p>Copyright © 2012 Richard Stallman</p>
<p>This page is licensed under a <a rel="license"
href="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nd/4.0/";>Creative
@@ -183,10 +197,10 @@
<p class="unprintable">Updated:
<!-- timestamp start -->
-$Date: 2017/09/25 09:55:45 $
+$Date: 2021/09/02 08:42:02 $
<!-- timestamp end -->
</p>
</div>
-</div>
+</div><!-- for class="inner", starts in the banner include -->
</body>
</html>
Index: ebooks.html
===================================================================
RCS file: /webcvs/www/www/philosophy/ebooks.html,v
retrieving revision 1.35
retrieving revision 1.36
diff -u -b -r1.35 -r1.36
--- ebooks.html 18 Nov 2016 06:31:39 -0000 1.35
+++ ebooks.html 2 Sep 2021 08:42:02 -0000 1.36
@@ -1,23 +1,20 @@
<!--#include virtual="/server/header.html" -->
-<!-- Parent-Version: 1.79 -->
+<!-- Parent-Version: 1.96 -->
+<!-- This page is derived from /server/standards/boilerplate.html -->
+<!--#set var="TAGS" value="essays cultural access" -->
+<!--#set var="DISABLE_TOP_ADDENDUM" value="yes" -->
<title>E-Books: Freedom Or Copyright
- GNU Project - Free Software Foundation</title>
<!--#include virtual="/philosophy/po/ebooks.translist" -->
<!--#include virtual="/server/banner.html" -->
+<!--#include virtual="/philosophy/ph-breadcrumb.html" -->
+<!--GNUN: OUT-OF-DATE NOTICE-->
+<!--#include virtual="/server/top-addendum.html" -->
+<div class="article reduced-width">
<h2>E-Books: Freedom Or Copyright</h2>
-<p>by <a href="http://www.stallman.org/";><strong>Richard
-Stallman</strong></a></p>
-
-<p><em>This is a slightly modified version of an article published
-in <cite>Technology Review</cite> in 2000.</em></p>
-
-<div class="announcement">
-<p>Also consider reading <a
-href="/philosophy/ebooks-must-increase-freedom.html">E-books must
-increase our freedom, not decrease it</a>.</p>
-</div>
-<hr />
+<address class="byline">by <a href="https://www.stallman.org/";>Richard
+Stallman</a></address>
<p>Once upon a time, in the age of the printing press, an industrial
regulation was established to cover the business of writing and
@@ -33,6 +30,8 @@
as intended, with little burden on the public. It did its job
well—back then.</p>
+
+
<p>Then a new way of distributing information came about: computers
and networks. The advantage of digital information technology is
that it facilitates copying and manipulating information, including
@@ -68,6 +67,13 @@
legal power over almost anything a reader might do with an e-book.
Even reading it without authorization is a crime.</p>
+<div class="announcement comment" role="complementary">
+<hr class="no-display" />
+<p><a href="https://www.defectivebydesign.org/ebooks.html";>Join our mailing
list
+about the dangers of eBooks</a>.</p>
+<hr class="no-display" />
+</div>
+
<p>We still have the same old freedoms in using paper books. But if
e-books replace printed books, that exception will do little good.
With “electronic ink”, which makes it possible to download
@@ -113,14 +119,23 @@
distributing verbatim unmodified copies, will be entirely obsolete.
And not a moment too soon!</p>
-<blockquote class="announcement">
-<p><a href="http://defectivebydesign.org/ebooks.html";>Join our mailing
-list about the dangers of eBooks</a>.</p>
-</blockquote>
+<div class="announcement comment" role="complementary">
+<hr class="no-display" />
+<p>Also consider reading <a
+href="/philosophy/ebooks-must-increase-freedom.html">E-books must
+increase our freedom, not decrease it</a>.</p>
+</div>
+
+<div class="infobox">
+<hr />
+<p>This is a slightly modified version of an article published in
+<cite>Technology Review</cite> in 2000.</p>
+</div>
+</div>
</div><!-- for id="content", starts in the include above -->
<!--#include virtual="/server/footer.html" -->
-<div id="footer">
+<div id="footer" role="contentinfo">
<div class="unprintable">
<p>Please send general FSF & GNU inquiries to <a
@@ -138,16 +153,16 @@
to <a href="mailto:web-translators@gnu.org";>
<web-translators@gnu.org></a>.</p>
- <p>For information on coordinating and submitting translations of
+ <p>For information on coordinating and contributing translations of
our web pages, see <a
href="/server/standards/README.translations.html">Translations
README</a>. -->
Please see the <a
href="/server/standards/README.translations.html">Translations README</a> for
-information on coordinating and submitting translations of this article.</p>
+information on coordinating and contributing translations of this article.</p>
</div>
-<p>Copyright © 2000, 2016 Richard Stallman</p>
+<p>Copyright © 2000 Richard Stallman</p>
<p>This page is licensed under a <a rel="license"
href="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nd/4.0/";>Creative
@@ -157,10 +172,10 @@
<p class="unprintable">Updated:
<!-- timestamp start -->
-$Date: 2016/11/18 06:31:39 $
+$Date: 2021/09/02 08:42:02 $
<!-- timestamp end -->
</p>
</div>
-</div>
+</div><!-- for class="inner", starts in the banner include -->
</body>
</html>
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