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www/philosophy android-and-users-freedom.html b...
|
From: |
Therese Godefroy |
|
Subject: |
www/philosophy android-and-users-freedom.html b... |
|
Date: |
Fri, 20 Aug 2021 15:59:39 -0400 (EDT) |
CVSROOT: /webcvs/www
Module name: www
Changes by: Therese Godefroy <th_g> 21/08/20 15:59:39
Modified files:
philosophy : android-and-users-freedom.html
basic-freedoms.html can-you-trust.html
copyright-and-globalization.html
danger-of-software-patents.html
free-software-even-more-important.html
free-software-for-freedom.html
freedom-or-power.html historical-apsl.html
lessig-fsfs-intro.html loyal-computers.html
misinterpreting-copyright.html netscape.html
no-word-attachments.html
Log message:
* Add breadcrumb; use byline class; update to boilerplate 1.96;
only list copyrightable years (+ 2021, unfortunately).
* As needed: move publication info to the bottom; update links;
make link text more meaningful; no link in main heading;
http > https; non-free > nonfree; comma/period before end quote;
use edu-note style for #fsfs; minor style changes.
CVSWeb URLs:
http://web.cvs.savannah.gnu.org/viewcvs/www/philosophy/android-and-users-freedom.html?cvsroot=www&r1=1.63&r2=1.64
http://web.cvs.savannah.gnu.org/viewcvs/www/philosophy/basic-freedoms.html?cvsroot=www&r1=1.47&r2=1.48
http://web.cvs.savannah.gnu.org/viewcvs/www/philosophy/can-you-trust.html?cvsroot=www&r1=1.62&r2=1.63
http://web.cvs.savannah.gnu.org/viewcvs/www/philosophy/copyright-and-globalization.html?cvsroot=www&r1=1.46&r2=1.47
http://web.cvs.savannah.gnu.org/viewcvs/www/philosophy/danger-of-software-patents.html?cvsroot=www&r1=1.35&r2=1.36
http://web.cvs.savannah.gnu.org/viewcvs/www/philosophy/free-software-even-more-important.html?cvsroot=www&r1=1.49&r2=1.50
http://web.cvs.savannah.gnu.org/viewcvs/www/philosophy/free-software-for-freedom.html?cvsroot=www&r1=1.63&r2=1.64
http://web.cvs.savannah.gnu.org/viewcvs/www/philosophy/freedom-or-power.html?cvsroot=www&r1=1.43&r2=1.44
http://web.cvs.savannah.gnu.org/viewcvs/www/philosophy/historical-apsl.html?cvsroot=www&r1=1.25&r2=1.26
http://web.cvs.savannah.gnu.org/viewcvs/www/philosophy/lessig-fsfs-intro.html?cvsroot=www&r1=1.36&r2=1.37
http://web.cvs.savannah.gnu.org/viewcvs/www/philosophy/loyal-computers.html?cvsroot=www&r1=1.10&r2=1.11
http://web.cvs.savannah.gnu.org/viewcvs/www/philosophy/misinterpreting-copyright.html?cvsroot=www&r1=1.59&r2=1.60
http://web.cvs.savannah.gnu.org/viewcvs/www/philosophy/netscape.html?cvsroot=www&r1=1.26&r2=1.27
http://web.cvs.savannah.gnu.org/viewcvs/www/philosophy/no-word-attachments.html?cvsroot=www&r1=1.85&r2=1.86
Patches:
Index: android-and-users-freedom.html
===================================================================
RCS file: /webcvs/www/www/philosophy/android-and-users-freedom.html,v
retrieving revision 1.63
retrieving revision 1.64
diff -u -b -r1.63 -r1.64
--- android-and-users-freedom.html 9 Feb 2020 07:43:36 -0000 1.63
+++ android-and-users-freedom.html 20 Aug 2021 19:59:39 -0000 1.64
@@ -1,29 +1,34 @@
<!--#include virtual="/server/header.html" -->
-<!-- Parent-Version: 1.86 -->
+<!-- Parent-Version: 1.96 -->
+<!-- This page is derived from /server/standards/boilerplate.html -->
+<!--#set var="TAGS" value="essays aboutfs practice" -->
+<!--#set var="DISABLE_TOP_ADDENDUM" value="yes" -->
<title>Android and Users' Freedom
- GNU Project - Free Software Foundation</title>
<!--#include virtual="/philosophy/po/android-and-users-freedom.translist" -->
<!--#include virtual="/server/banner.html" -->
+<!--#include virtual="/philosophy/ph-breadcrumb.html" -->
+<!--GNUN: OUT-OF-DATE NOTICE-->
+<!--#include virtual="/server/top-addendum.html" -->
+<div class="reduced-width">
<h2>Android and Users' Freedom</h2>
-<p>by Richard Stallman<br />First published in <em><a
-href="http://www.guardian.co.uk/technology/2011/sep/19/android-free-software-stallman";>
-The Guardian</a></em></p>
-<hr class="thin" />
+<address class="byline">by Richard Stallman</address>
-<p class="comment">
+<div class="article">
+<p>
To what extent does Android respect the freedom of its users? For a
computer user that values freedom, that is the most important question
to ask about any software system.</p>
-<p>In the <a href="http://fsf.org";>free/libre software movement</a>, we
+<p>In the <a href="https://fsf.org";>free/libre software movement</a>, we
develop software that respects users' freedom, so we and you can escape
from software that doesn't. By contrast, the idea of “open
source” focuses on how to develop code; it is a different current
of thought whose principal value is <a
href="/philosophy/open-source-misses-the-point.html">code
quality rather than freedom</a>. Thus, the concern here is not whether
-Android is “<a href="/philosophy/free-open-overlap.html">open</a>”,
+Android is “<a href="/philosophy/free-open-overlap.html">open</a>,”
but whether it allows users to be free.</p>
<p>Android is an operating system primarily for mobile phones and
@@ -43,13 +48,15 @@
code is insufficient to run the device. Some of the applications that
generally come with Android are nonfree, too.</p>
-<div class="announcement comment">
-<p><em>Support the <a href="http://FreeYourAndroid.org/";>Free Your
-Android</a> campaign.</em></p>
+<div class="announcement comment" role="complementary">
+<hr class="no-display" />
+<p>Support the <a href="https://fsfe.org/activities/android/";>Free Your
+Android</a> campaign.</p>
+<hr class="no-display" />
</div>
<p>Android is very different from the <a
-href="/gnu/the-gnu-project.html">GNU/Linux operating
+href="/gnu/thegnuproject.html">GNU/Linux operating
system</a> because it contains very little of GNU. Indeed, just about
the only component in common between Android and GNU/Linux is Linux, the
kernel. People who erroneously think “Linux” refers to the
@@ -102,12 +109,12 @@
officially not part of Android, but that doesn't make the product ok.
Many of the free applications available for earlier versions of
Android have
-been <a
href="http://arstechnica.com/gadgets/2013/10/googles-iron-grip-on-android-controlling-open-source-by-any-means-necessary/";>
+been <a
href="https://arstechnica.com/gadgets/2013/10/googles-iron-grip-on-android-controlling-open-source-by-any-means-necessary/";>
replaced by nonfree applications</a>; in 2013 Android devices appeared
-which <a
href="http://www.androidbeat.com/2013/12/new-google-play-edition-devices-lack-photo-gallery-app-use-google/";>
+which <a
href="https://www.androidbeat.com/2013/12/new-google-play-edition-devices-lack-photo-gallery-app-use-google/";>
provided no way to view photos except through a nonfree Google+
app</a>. In 2014 Google announced
-that <a
href="http://arstechnica.com/gadgets/2014/06/android-wear-auto-and-tv-save-you-from-skins-and-oems-from-themselves/";>Android
+that <a
href="https://arstechnica.com/gadgets/2014/06/android-wear-auto-and-tv-save-you-from-skins-and-oems-from-themselves/";>Android
versions for TVs, watches and cars would be largely nonfree.</a>
</p>
@@ -130,7 +137,7 @@
<p>If you value freedom, you don't want the nonfree apps that Google
Play offers. To install free Android apps, you don't need Google
Play, because you can get them
-from <a href="http://f-droid.org";>f-droid.org</a>.
+from <a href="https://f-droid.org/";>f-droid.org</a>.
</p>
<p>Android products also come with nonfree libraries. These are
@@ -148,12 +155,12 @@
<p>One user discovered that many of the programs in the Android system
that came with his phone
-were <a
href="http://www.beneaththewaves.net/Projects/Motorola_Is_Listening.html";>modified
+were <a
href="https://www.beneaththewaves.net/Projects/Motorola_Is_Listening.html";>modified
to send personal data to Motorola.</a> Some manufacturers add
-a <a
href="http://androidsecuritytest.com/features/logs-and-services/loggers/carrieriq/";>
+a <a
href="https://androidsecuritytest.com/features/logs-and-services/loggers/carrieriq/";>
hidden general surveillance package such as Carrier IQ.</a></p>
-<p><a href="http://replicant.us";>Replicant</a> is the free version of
+<p><a href="https://replicant.us/";>Replicant</a> is the free version of
Android. The Replicant developers have replaced many nonfree
libraries, for certain device models. The nonfree apps are excluded,
but you certainly don't want to use those. By contrast, CyanogenMod
@@ -196,7 +203,7 @@
a system with a back door doesn't qualify. While any computing system
might <em>have</em> bugs, these devices can <em>be</em> bugs. (Craig
Murray,
-in <a href="http://www.guardian.co.uk/books/2006/aug/12/politics";>Murder
+in <a href="https://www.theguardian.com/books/2006/aug/12/politics";>Murder
in Samarkand</a>, relates his involvement in an intelligence operation
that remotely converted an unsuspecting target's non-Android portable
phone into a listening device.)</p>
@@ -222,14 +229,14 @@
but it is hard work to check this. The definition files for certain
Google APIs are nonfree. Installing the SDK requires signing a
proprietary software license, which you should refuse to sign.
-<a href="http://redmine.replicant.us/projects/replicant/wiki/ReplicantSDK";>
+<a href="https://redmine.replicant.us/projects/replicant/wiki/ReplicantSDK";>
Replicant's SDK</a> is a free replacement.</p>
<p>Recent press coverage of Android focuses on the patent wars. During
20 years of campaigning for the abolition of software patents, we have
warned such wars could happen. Software patents could force
elimination of features from Android, or even make it unavailable.
-See <a href="http://endsoftpatents.org";>endsoftpatents.org</a> for more
+See <a href="https://endsoftpatents.org/";>endsoftpatents.org</a> for more
information about why software patents must be abolished.</p>
<p>However, the patent attacks and Google's responses are not directly
@@ -240,14 +247,15 @@
<p>Android is a major step towards an ethical, user-controlled, free
software portable phone, but there is a long way to go, and Google is
taking it in the wrong direction. Hackers are working
-on <a href="http://replicant.us";>Replicant</a>, but it's a big job to
+on <a href="https://replicant.us/";>Replicant</a>, but it's a big job to
support a new device model, and there remains the problem of the
firmware. Even though the Android phones of today are considerably
less bad than Apple or Windows phones, they cannot be said to
respect your freedom.</p>
+<div class="column-limit"></div>
+</div>
-<hr class="thin" />
-
+<h3 class="footnote">Footnote</h3>
<ol>
<li id="linuxnote">The extreme example of this confusion appears in
the site linuxonandroid.com, which offers help to “install Linux
@@ -259,15 +267,17 @@
</li>
</ol>
-<!-- If needed, change the copyright block at the bottom. In general,
- all pages on the GNU web server should have the section about
- verbatim copying. Please do NOT remove this without talking
- with the webmasters first.
- Please make sure the copyright date is consistent with the document
- and that it is like this: "2001, 2002", not this: "2001-2002". -->
+<div class="infobox">
+<hr />
+First published in <cite><a
+href="https://www.guardian.co.uk/technology/2011/sep/19/android-free-software-stallman";>
+The Guardian</a></cite>.
+</div>
+</div>
+
</div><!-- for id="content", starts in the include above -->
<!--#include virtual="/server/footer.html" -->
-<div id="footer">
+<div id="footer" role="contentinfo">
<div class="unprintable">
<p>Please send general FSF & GNU inquiries to <a
@@ -285,16 +295,16 @@
to <a href="mailto:web-translators@gnu.org";>
<web-translators@gnu.org></a>.</p>
- <p>For information on coordinating and submitting translations of
+ <p>For information on coordinating and contributing translations of
our web pages, see <a
href="/server/standards/README.translations.html">Translations
README</a>. -->
Please see the <a
href="/server/standards/README.translations.html">Translations README</a> for
-information on coordinating and submitting translations of this article.</p>
+information on coordinating and contributing translations of this article.</p>
</div>
-<p>Copyright © 2011, 2012, 2014, 2015, 2016, 2018, 2020 Richard
Stallman</p>
+<p>Copyright © 2011-2016 Richard Stallman</p>
<p>This page is licensed under a <a rel="license"
href="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nd/4.0/";>Creative
@@ -304,7 +314,7 @@
<p class="unprintable">Updated:
<!-- timestamp start -->
-$Date: 2020/02/09 07:43:36 $
+$Date: 2021/08/20 19:59:39 $
<!-- timestamp end -->
</p>
</div>
Index: basic-freedoms.html
===================================================================
RCS file: /webcvs/www/www/philosophy/basic-freedoms.html,v
retrieving revision 1.47
retrieving revision 1.48
diff -u -b -r1.47 -r1.48
--- basic-freedoms.html 15 Dec 2018 14:02:38 -0000 1.47
+++ basic-freedoms.html 20 Aug 2021 19:59:39 -0000 1.48
@@ -1,11 +1,18 @@
<!--#include virtual="/server/header.html" -->
-<!-- Parent-Version: 1.86 -->
+<!-- Parent-Version: 1.96 -->
+<!-- This page is derived from /server/standards/boilerplate.html -->
+<!--#set var="TAGS" value="essays cultural evils" -->
+<!--#set var="DISABLE_TOP_ADDENDUM" value="yes" -->
<title>Freedom of Speech, Press and Association on the Internet
- GNU Project - Free Software Foundation</title>
<!--#include virtual="/philosophy/po/basic-freedoms.translist" -->
<!--#include virtual="/server/banner.html" -->
+<!--#include virtual="/philosophy/ph-breadcrumb.html" -->
+<!--GNUN: OUT-OF-DATE NOTICE-->
+<!--#include virtual="/server/top-addendum.html" -->
+<div class="reduced-width">
<h2>Freedom of Speech, Press, and Association on the Internet</h2>
-
+<div class="thin"></div>
<p>
The Free Software Foundation supports the freedoms of speech, press, and
association on the Internet. Please check out:
@@ -34,14 +41,14 @@
</li>
<li>
- <a href="http://www.factnetglobal.org/";>F.A.C.T.Net Inc.</a>
+ <a href="https://www.factnetglobal.org/";>F.A.C.T.Net Inc.</a>
is a non-profit Internet digest, news service, library, dialogue
center, and archive dedicated to the promotion and defense of
international free thought, free speech, and privacy rights.
</li>
<li>
- The <a href="http://www.eff.org/blueribbon.html";>Blue Ribbon Campaign</a>
+ The <a href="https://www.eff.org/pages/blue-ribbon-campaign";>Blue Ribbon
Campaign</a>
for Online Freedom of Speech, Press and Association.
</li>
@@ -62,10 +69,11 @@
communications.
</li>
</ul>
+</div>
</div><!-- for id="content", starts in the include above -->
<!--#include virtual="/server/footer.html" -->
-<div id="footer">
+<div id="footer" role="contentinfo">
<div class="unprintable">
<p>Please send general FSF & GNU inquiries to <a
@@ -83,18 +91,18 @@
to <a href="mailto:web-translators@gnu.org";>
<web-translators@gnu.org></a>.</p>
- <p>For information on coordinating and submitting translations of
+ <p>For information on coordinating and contributing translations of
our web pages, see <a
href="/server/standards/README.translations.html">Translations
README</a>. -->
Please see the <a
href="/server/standards/README.translations.html">Translations
-README</a> for information on coordinating and submitting translations
+README</a> for information on coordinating and contributing translations
of this article.</p>
</div>
-<p>Copyright © 1996, 1997, 1998, 1999, 2000, 2001, 2002, 2003, 2004,
-2007, 2014, 2016, 2018 Free Software Foundation, Inc.</p>
+<p>Copyright © 1996, 1997, 1998, 2000, 2004 Free Software
+Foundation, Inc.</p>
<p>This page is licensed under a <a rel="license"
href="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nd/4.0/";>Creative
@@ -104,7 +112,7 @@
<p class="unprintable">Updated:
<!-- timestamp start -->
-$Date: 2018/12/15 14:02:38 $
+$Date: 2021/08/20 19:59:39 $
<!-- timestamp end -->
</p>
</div>
Index: can-you-trust.html
===================================================================
RCS file: /webcvs/www/www/philosophy/can-you-trust.html,v
retrieving revision 1.62
retrieving revision 1.63
diff -u -b -r1.62 -r1.63
--- can-you-trust.html 8 Dec 2020 20:06:40 -0000 1.62
+++ can-you-trust.html 20 Aug 2021 19:59:39 -0000 1.63
@@ -1,13 +1,22 @@
<!--#include virtual="/server/header.html" -->
-<!-- Parent-Version: 1.79 -->
+<!-- Parent-Version: 1.96 -->
+<!-- This page is derived from /server/standards/boilerplate.html -->
+<!--#set var="TAGS" value="essays cultural drm" -->
+<!--#set var="DISABLE_TOP_ADDENDUM" value="yes" -->
<title>Can You Trust Your Computer?
- GNU Project - Free Software Foundation</title>
<!--#include virtual="/philosophy/po/can-you-trust.translist" -->
<!--#include virtual="/server/banner.html" -->
+<!--#include virtual="/philosophy/ph-breadcrumb.html" -->
+<!--GNUN: OUT-OF-DATE NOTICE-->
+<!--#include virtual="/server/top-addendum.html" -->
+<div class="reduced-width">
<h2>Can You Trust Your Computer?</h2>
-<p>by <a href="http://www.stallman.org/";>Richard Stallman</a></p>
+<address class="byline">by <a href="https://www.stallman.org/";>Richard
+Stallman</a></address>
+<div class="article">
<p>
Who should your computer take its orders from? Most people think
their computers should obey them, not obey someone else. With a plan
@@ -141,12 +150,13 @@
oppose treacherous computing, we must join together and confront the
situation as a collective choice.</p>
<p>
-For further information about treacherous computing, see
-<a
href="http://www.cl.cam.ac.uk/users/rja14/tcpa-faq.html";>http://www.cl.cam.ac.uk/users/rja14/tcpa-faq.html</a>.</p>
+For further information about treacherous computing, see the
+<a href="https://www.cl.cam.ac.uk/~rja14/tcpa-faq.html";>
+“Trusted Computing” Frequently Asked Questions</a>.</p>
<p>
To block treacherous computing will require large numbers of citizens
to organize. We need your help! Please support
-<a href="http://DefectiveByDesign.org";>Defective by Design</a>, the
+<a href="https://www.defectivebydesign.org/";>Defective by Design</a>, the
FSF's campaign against Digital Restrictions Management.</p>
<h3>Postscripts</h3>
@@ -260,17 +270,18 @@
is harmless only because it failed in the attempt to make remote
attestation feasible. We must not presume that all future attempts
will fail too.</p>
+</div>
-<hr class="thin" />
-
-<blockquote id="fsfs"><p>This essay is published
-in <a href="http://shop.fsf.org/product/free-software-free-society/";><cite>Free
+<hr class="no-display" />
+<div class="edu-note c"><p id="fsfs">This essay is published in
+<a href="https://shop.fsf.org/product/free-software-free-society/";><cite>Free
Software, Free Society: The Selected Essays of Richard
-M. Stallman</cite></a>.</p></blockquote>
+M. Stallman</cite></a>.</p></div>
+</div>
</div><!-- for id="content", starts in the include above -->
<!--#include virtual="/server/footer.html" -->
-<div id="footer">
+<div id="footer" role="contentinfo">
<div class="unprintable">
<p>Please send general FSF & GNU inquiries to <a
@@ -288,16 +299,16 @@
to <a href="mailto:web-translators@gnu.org";>
<web-translators@gnu.org></a>.</p>
- <p>For information on coordinating and submitting translations of
+ <p>For information on coordinating and contributing translations of
our web pages, see <a
href="/server/standards/README.translations.html">Translations
README</a>. -->
Please see the <a
href="/server/standards/README.translations.html">Translations README</a> for
-information on coordinating and submitting translations of this article.</p>
+information on coordinating and contributing translations of this article.</p>
</div>
-<p>Copyright © 2002, 2007, 2014, 2015, 2016, 2020 Richard Stallman</p>
+<p>Copyright © 2002, 2007, 2015 Richard Stallman</p>
<p>This page is licensed under a <a rel="license"
href="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nd/4.0/";>Creative
@@ -307,10 +318,10 @@
<p class="unprintable">Updated:
<!-- timestamp start -->
-$Date: 2020/12/08 20:06:40 $
+$Date: 2021/08/20 19:59:39 $
<!-- timestamp end -->
</p>
</div>
-</div>
+</div><!-- for class="inner", starts in the banner include -->
</body>
</html>
Index: copyright-and-globalization.html
===================================================================
RCS file: /webcvs/www/www/philosophy/copyright-and-globalization.html,v
retrieving revision 1.46
retrieving revision 1.47
diff -u -b -r1.46 -r1.47
--- copyright-and-globalization.html 8 Dec 2020 11:48:20 -0000 1.46
+++ copyright-and-globalization.html 20 Aug 2021 19:59:39 -0000 1.47
@@ -1,17 +1,27 @@
<!--#include virtual="/server/header.html" -->
-<!-- Parent-Version: 1.86 -->
+<!-- Parent-Version: 1.96 -->
+<!-- This page is derived from /server/standards/boilerplate.html -->
+<!--#set var="TAGS" value="speeches" -->
+<!--#set var="DISABLE_TOP_ADDENDUM" value="yes" -->
<title>Copyright and Globalization in the Age of Computer Networks -
GNU Project - Free Software Foundation</title>
<!--#include virtual="/philosophy/po/copyright-and-globalization.translist" -->
<!--#include virtual="/server/banner.html" -->
+<!--#include virtual="/philosophy/ph-breadcrumb.html" -->
+<!--GNUN: OUT-OF-DATE NOTICE-->
+<!--#include virtual="/server/top-addendum.html" -->
+<div class="reduced-width">
<h2>Copyright and Globalization in the Age of Computer Networks</h2>
-<p>
-<i>The following is an edited transcript from a speech given
+<div class="infobox">
+<p>The following is an edited transcript from a speech given
at <abbr title="Massachusetts Institute of Technology">MIT</abbr> in
the Communications Forum on Thursday, April 19, 2001 from 5:00pm -
-7:00pm</i></p>
+7:00pm</p>
+</div>
+<hr class="thin" />
+<div class="article">
<p>
<b>DAVID THORBURN, moderator</b>: Our speaker today, Richard Stallman,
is a legendary figure in the computing world, and my experience in
@@ -1248,17 +1258,18 @@
in terms of the size of the whole job. Think in terms of the piece
that you're going to do. That will show people it can be done, and so
others will do other pieces.</p>
+</div>
-
-<hr />
-<blockquote id="fsfs"><p>This speech is published
-in <a href="http://shop.fsf.org/product/free-software-free-society/";><cite>Free
+<hr class="no-display" />
+<div class="edu-note c"><p id="fsfs">This speech is published in
+<a href="https://shop.fsf.org/product/free-software-free-society/";><cite>Free
Software, Free Society: The Selected Essays of Richard
-M. Stallman</cite></a>.</p></blockquote>
+M. Stallman</cite></a>.</p></div>
+</div>
</div><!-- for id="content", starts in the include above -->
<!--#include virtual="/server/footer.html" -->
-<div id="footer">
+<div id="footer" role="contentinfo">
<div class="unprintable">
<p>Please send general FSF & GNU inquiries to
@@ -1276,13 +1287,13 @@
to <a href="mailto:web-translators@gnu.org";>
<web-translators@gnu.org></a>.</p>
- <p>For information on coordinating and submitting translations of
+ <p>For information on coordinating and contributing translations of
our web pages, see <a
href="/server/standards/README.translations.html">Translations
README</a>. -->
Please see the <a
href="/server/standards/README.translations.html">Translations
-README</a> for information on coordinating and submitting translations
+README</a> for information on coordinating and contributing translations
of this article.</p>
</div>
@@ -1303,7 +1314,7 @@
There is more detail about copyright years in the GNU Maintainers
Information document, www.gnu.org/prep/maintain. -->
-<p>Copyright © 2001, 2007, 2008, 2012, 2014, 2018, 2020 Free Software
Foundation, Inc.</p>
+<p>Copyright © 2001 Free Software Foundation, Inc.</p>
<p>This page is licensed under a <a rel="license"
href="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nd/4.0/";>Creative
@@ -1313,7 +1324,7 @@
<p class="unprintable">Updated:
<!-- timestamp start -->
-$Date: 2020/12/08 11:48:20 $
+$Date: 2021/08/20 19:59:39 $
<!-- timestamp end -->
</p>
</div>
Index: danger-of-software-patents.html
===================================================================
RCS file: /webcvs/www/www/philosophy/danger-of-software-patents.html,v
retrieving revision 1.35
retrieving revision 1.36
diff -u -b -r1.35 -r1.36
--- danger-of-software-patents.html 26 Oct 2020 13:08:00 -0000 1.35
+++ danger-of-software-patents.html 20 Aug 2021 19:59:39 -0000 1.36
@@ -1,16 +1,28 @@
<!--#include virtual="/server/header.html" -->
-<!-- Parent-Version: 1.77 -->
+<!-- Parent-Version: 1.96 -->
+<!-- This page is derived from /server/standards/boilerplate.html -->
+<!--#set var="TAGS" value="speeches" -->
+<!--#set var="DISABLE_TOP_ADDENDUM" value="yes" -->
<title>The Danger of Software Patents
- GNU Project - Free Software Foundation</title>
<!--#include virtual="/philosophy/po/danger-of-software-patents.translist" -->
<!--#include virtual="/server/banner.html" -->
-
+<!--#include virtual="/philosophy/ph-breadcrumb.html" -->
+<!--GNUN: OUT-OF-DATE NOTICE-->
+<!--#include virtual="/server/top-addendum.html" -->
+<div class="reduced-width">
<h2>The Danger of Software Patents</h2>
-<p>by <a href="http://www.stallman.org/";>Richard Stallman</a></p>
-<p>This is the transcript of a talk presented by Richard M. Stallman
-on 8 October 2009 at Victoria University of Wellington.</p>
+<address class="byline">by <a href="https://www.stallman.org/";>Richard
+Stallman</a></address>
+
+<div class="infobox">
+<p>This is the transcript of a talk presented on 8 October 2009 at
+Victoria University of Wellington.</p>
+</div>
+<hr class="thin" />
+<div class="article">
<dl>
<dt>SF:</dt>
<dd><p>My name is Susy Frankel and on behalf of myself and Meredith
@@ -25,7 +37,7 @@
teach.</p>
<p>So it's my pleasure to welcome you to the lecture “The Danger
-of Software Patents”. Richard Stallman has a suite of lectures
+of Software Patents.” Richard Stallman has a suite of lectures
that he offers, and after discussion with Brenda, I chose this topic
precisely because for the first real time in New Zealand history, we
have a somewhat prolonged, but important, debate about patent law
@@ -247,10 +259,10 @@
started to read it to see if it was indeed the wrong patent. I read
the claims, and sure enough it was the natural order recalculation
patent, but it didn't use those terms. It didn't use the term
-“spreadsheet”. In fact, what the patent prohibited was
+“spreadsheet.” In fact, what the patent prohibited was
dozens of different ways of implementing topological sort—all
the ways they could think of. But I don't think it used the term
-“topological sort”.</p>
+“topological sort.”</p>
<p>So if you were writing a spreadsheet and you tried to find relevant
patents by searching, you might have found a lot of patents. But you
@@ -371,7 +383,7 @@
<p>Now there is GIF format, for images. That uses the LZW
algorithm also. It didn't take long for people to define another
image format, called PNG, which stands for “PNG's Not
-GIF”. I think it uses the gzip algorithm. And we
+GIF.” I think it uses the gzip algorithm. And we
started saying to people, “Don't use GIF format, it's
dangerous. Switch to PNG.” And the users said,
“Well, maybe some day, but the browsers don't implement it
@@ -448,8 +460,10 @@
of the word processor Xywrite once got a downgrade in the mail, which
removed a feature. The feature was that you could define a list of
abbreviations. For instance, if you define “exp” as an
-abbreviation for “experiment”, then if you type
“exp-space“ or “exp-comma”, the “exp” would
change automatically to
-“experiment”.</p>
+abbreviation for “experiment,” then if you type
+“exp-space“ or “exp-comma,” the
+“exp” would change automatically to
+“experiment.”</p>
<p>Then somebody who had a patent on this feature threatened them, and
they concluded that the only thing they could do was to take the
@@ -488,7 +502,7 @@
down. He sent me the patent. Claim 1 was something like “a
network with a multiplicity of computers, in which each computer
supports a multiplicity of games, and allows a multiplicity of game
-sessions at the same time”.</p>
+sessions at the same time.”</p>
<p>Now, I'm sure in the 1980s there was a university that set up a
room with a network of workstations, and each workstation had some
@@ -734,7 +748,7 @@
that happens, your project is dead.</p>
<p>But lawyers in most countries tell us, “Don't try to find the
-patents in advance”, and the reason is that the penalty for
+patents in advance,” and the reason is that the penalty for
infringement is bigger if you knew about the patent. So what they
tell you is “Keep your eyes shut. Don't try to find out about
the patents, just go blindly taking your design decisions, and
@@ -1237,7 +1251,7 @@
instruction-fetching facilities, and means to perform this particular
computation. In effect they've written explicitly into the patent all
the parts of an ordinary computer, and then they say, “Well,
-this is a physical system which we would like to patent”, but
+this is a physical system which we would like to patent,” but
really it's just patenting certain software on a computer. There are
many subterfuges that they've used.</p>
@@ -1277,7 +1291,7 @@
patents are to all software developers. I don't like what Microsoft
does, but that's an issue that's irrelevant for this purpose. It's
not good that somebody can sue a software developer and say “I
-won't let you distribute such software”.</dd>
+won't let you distribute such software.”</dd>
<dt>Q.</dt>
<dd>Obviously we live in an imperfect world, and in some cases we run
@@ -1353,7 +1367,7 @@
<p>How many computer users were there in 1982, even in the US? It was
a small fraction of the public. But there were software developers.
-They weren't saying, “We desperately want patents”. They
+They weren't saying, “We desperately want patents.” They
weren't getting sued for patent infringement after they developed
their programs. But there is a bit of [economic] research that I saw
that apparently software patents resulted not in an increase in
@@ -1399,16 +1413,18 @@
you Richard.</dd>
</dl>
+</div>
-<hr />
-<blockquote id="fsfs"><p>This speech is published
-in <a href="http://shop.fsf.org/product/free-software-free-society/";><cite>Free
+<hr class="no-display" />
+<div class="edu-note c"><p id="fsfs">This speech is published in
+<a href="https://shop.fsf.org/product/free-software-free-society/";><cite>Free
Software, Free Society: The Selected Essays of Richard
-M. Stallman</cite></a>.</p></blockquote>
+M. Stallman</cite></a>.</p></div>
+</div>
</div><!-- for id="content", starts in the include above -->
<!--#include virtual="/server/footer.html" -->
-<div id="footer">
+<div id="footer" role="contentinfo">
<div class="unprintable">
<p>Please send general FSF & GNU inquiries to
@@ -1426,13 +1442,13 @@
to <a href="mailto:web-translators@gnu.org";>
<web-translators@gnu.org></a>.</p>
- <p>For information on coordinating and submitting translations of
+ <p>For information on coordinating and contributing translations of
our web pages, see <a
href="/server/standards/README.translations.html">Translations
README</a>. -->
Please see the <a
href="/server/standards/README.translations.html">Translations
-README</a> for information on coordinating and submitting translations
+README</a> for information on coordinating and contributing translations
of this article.</p>
</div>
@@ -1453,7 +1469,7 @@
There is more detail about copyright years in the GNU Maintainers
Information document, www.gnu.org/prep/maintain. -->
-<p>Copyright © 2009, 2010, 2014, 2020 Richard Stallman</p>
+<p>Copyright © 2009 Richard Stallman</p>
<p>This page is licensed under a <a rel="license"
href="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nd/4.0/";>Creative
@@ -1463,10 +1479,10 @@
<p class="unprintable">Updated:
<!-- timestamp start -->
-$Date: 2020/10/26 13:08:00 $
+$Date: 2021/08/20 19:59:39 $
<!-- timestamp end -->
</p>
</div>
-</div>
+</div><!-- for class="inner", starts in the banner include -->
</body>
</html>
Index: free-software-even-more-important.html
===================================================================
RCS file: /webcvs/www/www/philosophy/free-software-even-more-important.html,v
retrieving revision 1.49
retrieving revision 1.50
diff -u -b -r1.49 -r1.50
--- free-software-even-more-important.html 10 Mar 2021 15:06:21 -0000
1.49
+++ free-software-even-more-important.html 20 Aug 2021 19:59:39 -0000
1.50
@@ -1,31 +1,27 @@
<!--#include virtual="/server/header.html" -->
-<!-- Parent-Version: 1.94 -->
+<!-- Parent-Version: 1.96 -->
+<!-- This page is derived from /server/standards/boilerplate.html -->
+<!--#set var="TAGS" value="essays aboutfs principles" -->
+<!--#set var="DISABLE_TOP_ADDENDUM" value="yes" -->
<title>Free Software Is Even More Important Now
- GNU Project - Free Software Foundation</title>
<!--#include
virtual="/philosophy/po/free-software-even-more-important.translist" -->
<!--#include virtual="/server/banner.html" -->
-
+<!--#include virtual="/philosophy/ph-breadcrumb.html" -->
+<!--GNUN: OUT-OF-DATE NOTICE-->
+<!--#include virtual="/server/top-addendum.html" -->
+<div class="reduced-width">
<h2>Free Software Is Even More Important Now</h2>
-<address class="byline">by <a href="http://www.stallman.org/";>Richard
+<address class="byline">by <a href="https://www.stallman.org/";>Richard
Stallman</a></address>
-<p><em>A substantially edited version of this article was published in <a
-href="http://www.wired.com/opinion/2013/09/why-free-software-is-more-important-now-than-ever-before";>
-Wired</a>.</em></p>
-
<p><em>Watch a <a
href="https://www.fsf.org/blogs/rms/20140407-geneva-tedx-talk-free-software-free-society/";>
14-min video presentation</a> of these ideas.</em></p>
+<div class="thin"></div>
-<div class="announcement">
-<p>
-<a href="/help/help.html">Suggested ways you can help the free software
-movement</a>
-</p>
-</div>
-<hr class="thin" />
-
+<div class="article">
<p>Since 1983, the Free Software Movement has campaigned for computer
users' freedom—for users to control the software they
use, rather than vice versa. When a program respects users' freedom
@@ -38,6 +34,15 @@
detail. Either way, they give the program's developer power
over the users, power that no one should have.</p>
+<div class="announcement comment" role="complementary">
+<hr class="no-display" />
+<p>
+<a href="/help/help.html">Suggested ways you can help the free software
+movement</a>
+</p>
+<hr class="no-display" />
+</div>
+
<p>Those two nonfree programs have something else in common: they are
both <em>malware</em>. That is, both have functionalities designed to
mistreat the user. Proprietary software nowadays is often malware
@@ -80,11 +85,11 @@
<p>(0) The freedom to run the program as you wish, for whatever
purpose.</p>
-<p>(1) The freedom to study the program's “source code”,
+<p>(1) The freedom to study the program's “source code,”
and change it, so the program does your computing as you wish.
Programs are written by programmers in a programming
language—like English combined with algebra—and that form
-of the program is the “source code”. Anyone who knows
+of the program is the “source code.” Anyone who knows
programming, and has the program in source code form, can read the
source code, understand its functioning, and change it too. When all
you get is the executable form, a series of numbers that are efficient
@@ -152,12 +157,12 @@
would turn it into the <a
href="https://archive.ieet.org/articles/rinesi20150806.html";>
“internet of telemarketers”</a> as well as the
-“internet of snoopers”.</p>
+“internet of snoopers.”</p>
<p>With the goal of ending the injustice of nonfree software, the free
software movement develops free programs so users can free themselves.
We began in 1984 by developing the free operating system <a
-href="/gnu/the-gnu-project.html">GNU</a>. Today, millions of computers
+href="/gnu/thegnuproject.html">GNU</a>. Today, millions of computers
run GNU, mainly in the <a href="/gnu/gnu-linux-faq.html">GNU/Linux
combination</a>.</p>
@@ -210,7 +215,7 @@
<p>Another harm of using nonfree programs and SaaSS is that it rewards
the perpetrator, encouraging further development of that program or
-“service”, leading in turn to even more people falling
+“service,” leading in turn to even more people falling
under the company's thumb.</p>
<p>All the forms of indirect harm are magnified when the user is a
@@ -233,7 +238,7 @@
<p>Proprietary software has no security at all in one crucial case
— against its developer. And the developer may help others attack.
-<a
href="http://arstechnica.com/security/2013/06/nsa-gets-early-access-to-zero-day-data-from-microsoft-others/";>
+<a
href="https://arstechnica.com/information-technology/2013/06/nsa-gets-early-access-to-zero-day-data-from-microsoft-others/";>
Microsoft shows Windows bugs to the NSA</a> (the US government digital
spying agency) before fixing them. We do not know whether Apple does
likewise, but it is under the same government pressure as Microsoft.
@@ -285,7 +290,7 @@
work consists of organized cooperation. If your friend comes to visit
and sees you use a program, she might ask for a copy. A program which
stops you from redistributing it, or says you're “not supposed
-to”, is antisocial.</p>
+to,” is antisocial.</p>
<p>In computing, cooperation includes redistributing exact copies of a
program to other users. It also includes distributing your changed
@@ -324,10 +329,19 @@
we now have the free GNU/Linux operating system that
anyone—programmer or not—can use. Join our cause, as a
programmer or an activist. Let's make all computer users free.</p>
+</div>
+
+<div class="infobox">
+<hr />
+<p>A substantially edited version of this article was published in <a
+href="https://www.wired.com/2013/09/why-free-software-is-more-important-now-than-ever-before/";>
+<cite>Wired</cite></a>.</p>
+</div>
+</div>
</div><!-- for id="content", starts in the include above -->
<!--#include virtual="/server/footer.html" -->
-<div id="footer">
+<div id="footer" class="contentinfo">
<div class="unprintable">
<p>Please send general FSF & GNU inquiries to
@@ -345,13 +359,13 @@
to <a href="mailto:web-translators@gnu.org";>
<web-translators@gnu.org></a>.</p>
- <p>For information on coordinating and submitting translations of
+ <p>For information on coordinating and contributing translations of
our web pages, see <a
href="/server/standards/README.translations.html">Translations
README</a>. -->
Please see the <a
href="/server/standards/README.translations.html">Translations
-README</a> for information on coordinating and submitting translations
+README</a> for information on coordinating and contributing translations
of this article.</p>
</div>
@@ -372,7 +386,7 @@
There is more detail about copyright years in the GNU Maintainers
Information document, www.gnu.org/prep/maintain. -->
-<p>Copyright © 2015, 2017, 2018, 2019, 2020, 2021 Richard Stallman</p>
+<p>Copyright © 2013-2015, 2017, 2021 Richard Stallman</p>
<p>This page is licensed under a <a rel="license"
href="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nd/4.0/";>Creative
@@ -382,7 +396,7 @@
<p class="unprintable">Updated:
<!-- timestamp start -->
-$Date: 2021/03/10 15:06:21 $
+$Date: 2021/08/20 19:59:39 $
<!-- timestamp end -->
</p>
</div>
Index: free-software-for-freedom.html
===================================================================
RCS file: /webcvs/www/www/philosophy/free-software-for-freedom.html,v
retrieving revision 1.63
retrieving revision 1.64
diff -u -b -r1.63 -r1.64
--- free-software-for-freedom.html 26 Oct 2020 13:25:22 -0000 1.63
+++ free-software-for-freedom.html 20 Aug 2021 19:59:39 -0000 1.64
@@ -1,18 +1,27 @@
<!--#include virtual="/server/header.html" -->
-<!-- Parent-Version: 1.79 -->
+<!-- Parent-Version: 1.96 -->
+<!-- This page is derived from /server/standards/boilerplate.html -->
+<!--#set var="TAGS" value="essays aboutfs free-open" -->
+<!--#set var="DISABLE_TOP_ADDENDUM" value="yes" -->
<title>Why “Free Software” is better than “Open Source”
- GNU Project - Free Software Foundation</title>
<!--#include virtual="/philosophy/po/free-software-for-freedom.translist" -->
<!--#include virtual="/server/banner.html" -->
+<!--#include virtual="/philosophy/ph-breadcrumb.html" -->
+<!--GNUN: OUT-OF-DATE NOTICE-->
+<!--#include virtual="/server/top-addendum.html" -->
+<div class="reduced-width">
<h2>Why “Free Software” is better than “Open
Source”</h2>
-<div class="announcement">
-<blockquote><p>This article has been superseded by a major rewrite,
+<div class="comment">
+<p>This article has been superseded by a major rewrite,
<a href="/philosophy/open-source-misses-the-point.html">“Open
Source” misses the point of Free Software</a>, which is much
-better. We keep this version for historical reasons.</p></blockquote>
+better. We keep this version for historical reasons.</p>
</div>
+<hr class="thin" />
+<div class="article">
<p>
While free software by any other name would give you the same
freedom, it makes a big difference which name we use: different words
@@ -20,7 +29,7 @@
<p>
In 1998, some of the people in the free software community began using
-the term <a href="https://opensource.org/";>“open source
+the term <a href="https://opensource.org";>“open source
software”</a> instead of <a href="/philosophy/free-sw.html">“free
software”</a> to describe what they do. The term “open
source”
quickly became associated with a different approach, a different
@@ -36,8 +45,8 @@
movement, the issue of whether software should be open source is a
practical question, not an ethical one. As one person put it, “Open
source is a development methodology; free software is a social
-movement.” For the Open Source movement, non-free software is a
-suboptimal solution. For the Free Software movement, non-free
+movement.” For the Open Source movement, nonfree software is a
+suboptimal solution. For the Free Software movement, nonfree
software is a social problem and free software is the solution.</p>
<h3 id="relationship">Relationship between the Free Software
@@ -72,7 +81,7 @@
obscured behind a group with different views. To prevent people from
thinking we are part of them, we take pains to avoid using the word
“open” to describe free software, or its contrary,
-“closed”, in talking about non-free software.</p>
+“closed,” in talking about nonfree software.</p>
<p>
So please mention the Free Software movement when you talk about the
@@ -83,7 +92,7 @@
<p>
This rest of this article compares the two terms “free software”
and
-“open source”. It shows why the term “open source”
does not solve
+“open source.” It shows why the term “open source”
does not solve
any problems, and in fact creates some.</p>
<h3 id="ambiguity">Ambiguity</h3>
@@ -200,7 +209,7 @@
talk too.</p>
<p>
-At present, we have plenty of “keep quiet”, but not enough
+At present, we have plenty of “keep quiet,” but not enough
freedom talk. Most people involved with free software say little
about freedom—usually because they seek to be “more
acceptable to business.” Software distributors especially show
@@ -213,8 +222,8 @@
<p>
We are failing to keep up with the influx of free software users,
failing to teach people about freedom and our community as fast as
-they enter it. This is why non-free software (which Qt was when it
-first became popular), and partially non-free operating system
+they enter it. This is why nonfree software (which Qt was when it
+first became popular), and partially nonfree operating system
distributions, find such fertile ground. To stop using the word
“free” now would be a mistake; we need more, not less, talk about
freedom.</p>
@@ -256,7 +265,7 @@
<p>
This did not actually say that the program <em>was</em> “open
-source”, but many readers did not notice that detail. (I should note
+source,” but many readers did not notice that detail. (I should note
that IBM was sincerely trying to make this program free software, and
later adopted a new license which does make it free software and
“open source”; but when that announcement was made, the program did
@@ -275,19 +284,19 @@
<p>
Unlike IBM, Cygnus was not trying to make these packages free
software, and the packages did not come close to qualifying. But
-Cygnus didn't actually say that these are “open source software”,
+Cygnus didn't actually say that these are “open source software,”
they just made use of the term to give careless readers that
impression.</p>
<p>
These observations suggest that a trademark would not have truly
-prevented the confusion that comes with the term “open source”.</p>
+prevented the confusion that comes with the term “open source.”</p>
<h3 id="newinnovember">Misunderstandings(?) of “Open Source”</h3>
<p>
The Open Source Definition is clear enough, and it is quite clear that
-the typical non-free program does not qualify. So you would think
+the typical nonfree program does not qualify. So you would think
that “Open Source company” would mean one whose products are free
software (or close to it), right? Alas, many companies are trying to
give it a different meaning.</p>
@@ -314,16 +323,16 @@
<p>
Over the years, many companies have contributed to free software
-development. Some of these companies primarily developed non-free
+development. Some of these companies primarily developed nonfree
software, but the two activities were separate; thus, we could ignore
-their non-free products, and work with them on free software projects.
+their nonfree products, and work with them on free software projects.
Then we could honestly thank them afterward for their free software
contributions, without talking about the rest of what they did.</p>
<p>
We cannot do the same with these new companies, because they won't let
us. These companies actively invite the public to lump all their
-activities together; they want us to regard their non-free software as
+activities together; they want us to regard their nonfree software as
favorably as we would regard a real contribution, although it is not
one. They present themselves as “open source companies,” hoping
that we will get a warm fuzzy feeling about them, and that we will be
@@ -339,11 +348,11 @@
<p>
At a trade show in late 1998, dedicated to the operating system often
referred to
-as <a href="/gnu/linux-and-gnu.html">“Linux”</a>, the
+as “<a href="/gnu/linux-and-gnu.html">Linux</a>,” the
featured speaker was an executive from a prominent software company.
He was probably invited on account of his company's decision to
“support” that system. Unfortunately, their form of
-“support” consists of releasing non-free software that
+“support” consists of releasing nonfree software that
works with the system—in other words, using our community as a
market but not contributing to it.</p>
@@ -378,9 +387,9 @@
Project, so we can help do that job. If you feel that freedom and
community are important for their own sake—not just for the
convenience they bring—please join us in using the term
-“free software”.</p>
-
-<hr />
+“free software.”</p>
+<div class="column-limit"></div>
+</div>
<!-- The archived version is truncated.
<p>
@@ -388,24 +397,25 @@
<a
href="http://web.archive.org/web/20080703140137/http://www.itworld.com/LWD010523vcontrol4";>Live
and
let license [archived]</a> that gives his perspective on this issue.</p>
-->
-
+<h3 class="footnote">Note</h3>
<p>
Lakhani and Wolf's
-<a
href="http://ocw.mit.edu/courses/sloan-school-of-management/15-352-managing-innovation-emerging-trends-spring-2005/readings/lakhaniwolf.pdf";>paper
on the
+<a
href="https://ocw.mit.edu/courses/sloan-school-of-management/15-352-managing-innovation-emerging-trends-spring-2005/readings/lakhaniwolf.pdf";>paper
on the
motivation of free software developers</a> says that a considerable
fraction are motivated by the view that software should be free. This
was despite the fact that they surveyed the developers on SourceForge,
a site that does not support the view that this is an ethical issue.</p>
-<hr />
-<blockquote id="fsfs"><p>This essay is published
-in <a href="http://shop.fsf.org/product/free-software-free-society/";><cite>Free
+<hr class="no-display" />
+<div class="edu-note c"><p id="fsfs">This essay is published in
+<a href="https://shop.fsf.org/product/free-software-free-society/";><cite>Free
Software, Free Society: The Selected Essays of Richard
-M. Stallman</cite></a>.</p></blockquote>
+M. Stallman</cite></a>.</p></div>
+</div>
</div><!-- for id="content", starts in the include above -->
<!--#include virtual="/server/footer.html" -->
-<div id="footer">
+<div id="footer" role="contentinfo">
<div class="unprintable">
<p>Please send general FSF & GNU inquiries to <a
@@ -423,16 +433,16 @@
to <a href="mailto:web-translators@gnu.org";>
<web-translators@gnu.org></a>.</p>
- <p>For information on coordinating and submitting translations of
+ <p>For information on coordinating and contributing translations of
our web pages, see <a
href="/server/standards/README.translations.html">Translations
README</a>. -->
Please see the <a
href="/server/standards/README.translations.html">Translations README</a> for
-information on coordinating and submitting translations of this article.</p>
+information on coordinating and contributing translations of this article.</p>
</div>
-<p>Copyright © 1998, 1999, 2000, 2001, 2007, 2016, 2020 Free Software
Foundation,
+<p>Copyright © 1998-2003, 2007, 2010 Free Software Foundation,
Inc.</p>
<p>This page is licensed under a <a rel="license"
@@ -443,10 +453,10 @@
<p class="unprintable">Updated:
<!-- timestamp start -->
-$Date: 2020/10/26 13:25:22 $
+$Date: 2021/08/20 19:59:39 $
<!-- timestamp end -->
</p>
</div>
-</div>
+</div><!-- for class="inner", starts in the banner include -->
</body>
</html>
Index: freedom-or-power.html
===================================================================
RCS file: /webcvs/www/www/philosophy/freedom-or-power.html,v
retrieving revision 1.43
retrieving revision 1.44
diff -u -b -r1.43 -r1.44
--- freedom-or-power.html 19 Aug 2021 07:36:44 -0000 1.43
+++ freedom-or-power.html 20 Aug 2021 19:59:39 -0000 1.44
@@ -6,8 +6,7 @@
<title>Freedom Or Power?
- GNU Project - Free Software Foundation</title>
<style type="text/css" media="print,screen"><!--
-.epigraph { text-align: right; color: #404040; }
-.epigraph p { display: inline-block; text-align: left; width: 80%; }
+.epigraph { margin: 2em 0 2em 15%; color: #444; }
--></style>
<meta http-equiv="Keywords" content="GNU, FSF, Free Software Foundation,
Linux, general, public, license, gpl, general public license, freedom,
software, power, rights" />
<meta http-equiv="Description" content="In this essay, Freedom or Power?,
Bradley M. Kuhn and Richard M. Stallman discuss the reasons that the free
software movement doesn't advocate the so-called freedom to choose any license
you want for software you write." />
@@ -91,7 +90,8 @@
choice (for developers only).”</p>
<p>
-If “code is law,” <a href="#f1">(1)</a> then the real question we
face is: who should control the
+If “code is law,” <a href="#f1">(1)</a> then the real
+question we face is: who should control the
code you use—you, or an elite few? We believe you are entitled
to control the software you use, and giving you that control is the
goal of free software.</p>
@@ -124,13 +124,11 @@
</ol>
</div>
-<hr class="thin" />
-<div id="fsfs" role="complementary">
-<p>This essay is published in
+<hr class="no-display" />
+<div class="edu-note c"><p id="fsfs">This essay is published in
<a href="https://shop.fsf.org/product/free-software-free-society/";><cite>Free
Software, Free Society: The Selected Essays of Richard
-M. Stallman</cite></a>.</p>
-</div>
+M. Stallman</cite></a>.</p></div>
</div>
</div><!-- for id="content", starts in the include above -->
@@ -171,7 +169,7 @@
<p class="unprintable">Updated:
<!-- timestamp start -->
-$Date: 2021/08/19 07:36:44 $
+$Date: 2021/08/20 19:59:39 $
<!-- timestamp end -->
</p>
</div>
Index: historical-apsl.html
===================================================================
RCS file: /webcvs/www/www/philosophy/historical-apsl.html,v
retrieving revision 1.25
retrieving revision 1.26
diff -u -b -r1.25 -r1.26
--- historical-apsl.html 12 Apr 2014 12:40:10 -0000 1.25
+++ historical-apsl.html 20 Aug 2021 19:59:39 -0000 1.26
@@ -1,21 +1,28 @@
<!--#include virtual="/server/header.html" -->
-<!-- Parent-Version: 1.77 -->
+<!-- Parent-Version: 1.96 -->
+<!-- This page is derived from /server/standards/boilerplate.html -->
+<!--#set var="TAGS" value="essays licensing non-cpleft" -->
+<!--#set var="DISABLE_TOP_ADDENDUM" value="yes" -->
<title>Problems with older versions of the Apple License (APSL)
- GNU Project - Free Software Foundation</title>
<!--#include virtual="/philosophy/po/historical-apsl.translist" -->
<!--#include virtual="/server/banner.html" -->
+<!--#include virtual="/philosophy/ph-breadcrumb.html" -->
+<!--GNUN: OUT-OF-DATE NOTICE-->
+<!--#include virtual="/server/top-addendum.html" -->
+<div class="reduced-width">
<h2>The Problems with older versions of the Apple Public Source License
(APSL)</h2>
-<h3>FSF Position on the Older Versions of APSL</h3>
-
-<div class="announcement">
-<blockquote>
+<div class="comment">
<p>The current version of the Apple Public Source License (APSL) does not
have any of these problems. <a href="/philosophy/apsl.html">You can
read our current position on the APSL elsewhere</a>. This document is
kept here for historical purposes only.</p>
-</blockquote>
</div>
+<hr class="thin" />
+
+<div class="article">
+<h3>FSF Position on the Older Versions of APSL</h3>
<p>
Apple released an updated version, 1.1, of the APSL but it remained
@@ -120,14 +127,16 @@
<p>
Apple has grasped perfectly the concept with which “open
source” is promoted, which is “show users the source and
-they will help you fix bugs”. What Apple has not
+they will help you fix bugs.” What Apple has not
grasped—or has dismissed—is the spirit of free software,
which is that we form a community to cooperate on the commons of
software.</p>
+</div>
+</div>
</div><!-- for id="content", starts in the include above -->
<!--#include virtual="/server/footer.html" -->
-<div id="footer">
+<div id="footer" role="contentinfo">
<div class="unprintable">
<p>Please send general FSF & GNU inquiries to
@@ -145,19 +154,19 @@
to <a href="mailto:web-translators@gnu.org";>
<web-translators@gnu.org></a>.</p>
- <p>For information on coordinating and submitting translations of
+ <p>For information on coordinating and contributing translations of
our web pages, see <a
href="/server/standards/README.translations.html">Translations
README</a>. -->
Please see the <a
href="/server/standards/README.translations.html">Translations
-README</a> for information on coordinating and submitting translations
+README</a> for information on coordinating and contributing translations
of this article.</p>
</div>
<!-- Regarding copyright, in general, standalone pages (as opposed to
files generated as part of manuals) on the GNU web server should
- be under CC BY-ND 3.0 US. Please do NOT change or remove this
+ be under CC BY-ND 4.0. Please do NOT change or remove this
without talking with the webmasters or licensing team first.
Please make sure the copyright date is consistent with the
document. For web pages, it is ok to list just the latest year the
@@ -172,20 +181,20 @@
There is more detail about copyright years in the GNU Maintainers
Information document, www.gnu.org/prep/maintain. -->
-<p>Copyright © 1999, 2001, 2007 Free Software Foundation, Inc.</p>
+<p>Copyright © 1999, 2001, 2003 Free Software Foundation, Inc.</p>
<p>This page is licensed under a <a rel="license"
-href="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nd/3.0/us/";>Creative
-Commons Attribution-NoDerivs 3.0 United States License</a>.</p>
+href="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nd/4.0/";>Creative
+Commons Attribution-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License</a>.</p>
<!--#include virtual="/server/bottom-notes.html" -->
<p class="unprintable">Updated:
<!-- timestamp start -->
-$Date: 2014/04/12 12:40:10 $
+$Date: 2021/08/20 19:59:39 $
<!-- timestamp end -->
</p>
</div>
-</div>
+</div><!-- for class="inner", starts in the banner include -->
</body>
</html>
Index: lessig-fsfs-intro.html
===================================================================
RCS file: /webcvs/www/www/philosophy/lessig-fsfs-intro.html,v
retrieving revision 1.36
retrieving revision 1.37
diff -u -b -r1.36 -r1.37
--- lessig-fsfs-intro.html 26 Oct 2020 13:25:22 -0000 1.36
+++ lessig-fsfs-intro.html 20 Aug 2021 19:59:39 -0000 1.37
@@ -1,20 +1,25 @@
<!--#include virtual="/server/header.html" -->
-<!-- Parent-Version: 1.86 -->
+<!-- Parent-Version: 1.96 -->
+<!-- This page is derived from /server/standards/boilerplate.html -->
+<!--#set var="TAGS" value="thirdparty" -->
+<!--#set var="DISABLE_TOP_ADDENDUM" value="yes" -->
<title>Introduction to Free Software, Free Society
- GNU Project - Free Software Foundation</title>
-
<!--#include virtual="/philosophy/po/lessig-fsfs-intro.translist" -->
<!--#include virtual="/server/banner.html" -->
+<!--#include virtual="/philosophy/ph-breadcrumb.html" -->
+<!--GNUN: OUT-OF-DATE NOTICE-->
+<!--#include virtual="/server/top-addendum.html" -->
+<div class="reduced-width">
+<h2>Introduction to
+<cite>Free Software, Free Society: The Selected Essays of
+Richard M. Stallman</cite></h2>
+
+<address class="byline">
+by Lawrence Lessig <a href="#lessig"><sup>[*]</sup></a>
+</address>
-<h2>Introduction
-to <a href="http://shop.fsf.org/product/free-software-free-society/";><i>Free
-Software, Free Society: The Selected Essays of Richard
-M. Stallman</i></a></h2>
-
-<p>
-by Lawrence Lessig, Professor of Law, Stanford Law School
-</p>
-
+<div class="article">
<p>
Every generation has its philosopher — a writer or an artist who
captures the imagination of a time. Sometimes these philosophers are
@@ -217,21 +222,24 @@
and works, there is inspiration for anyone who would, like Stallman,
fight to create this freedom.
</p>
+</div>
-<p>
-<strong>Lawrence Lessig</strong><br />
-<strong>Professor of Law, Stanford Law School.</strong>
-</p>
-
+<div class="infobox">
<hr />
-<blockquote id="fsfs"><p>Learn more about
-<a href="http://shop.fsf.org/product/free-software-free-society/";><cite>Free
+<p id="lessig">
+[*] Lawrence Lessig was then Professor of Law at Stanford Law
+School.</p>
+</div>
+
+<div class="edu-note c"><p id="fsfs">Learn more about
+<a href="https://shop.fsf.org/product/free-software-free-society/";><cite>Free
Software, Free Society: The Selected Essays of Richard
-M. Stallman</cite></a>.</p></blockquote>
+M. Stallman</cite></a>.</p></div>
+</div>
</div><!-- for id="content", starts in the include above -->
<!--#include virtual="/server/footer.html" -->
-<div id="footer">
+<div id="footer" role="contentinfo">
<div class="unprintable">
<p>Please send general FSF & GNU inquiries to
@@ -249,17 +257,17 @@
to <a href="mailto:web-translators@gnu.org";>
<web-translators@gnu.org></a>.</p>
- <p>For information on coordinating and submitting translations of
+ <p>For information on coordinating and contributing translations of
our web pages, see <a
href="/server/standards/README.translations.html">Translations
README</a>. -->
Please see the <a
href="/server/standards/README.translations.html">Translations
-README</a> for information on coordinating and submitting translations
+README</a> for information on coordinating and contributing translations
of this article.</p>
</div>
-<p>Copyright © 2002, 2013, 2017, 2018, 2020 Free Software Foundation,
Inc.</p>
+<p>Copyright © 2002 Free Software Foundation, Inc.</p>
<p>This page is licensed under a <a rel="license"
href="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nd/4.0/";>Creative
@@ -269,7 +277,7 @@
<p class="unprintable">Updated:
<!-- timestamp start -->
-$Date: 2020/10/26 13:25:22 $
+$Date: 2021/08/20 19:59:39 $
<!-- timestamp end -->
</p>
</div>
Index: loyal-computers.html
===================================================================
RCS file: /webcvs/www/www/philosophy/loyal-computers.html,v
retrieving revision 1.10
retrieving revision 1.11
diff -u -b -r1.10 -r1.11
--- loyal-computers.html 18 Mar 2019 17:56:19 -0000 1.10
+++ loyal-computers.html 20 Aug 2021 19:59:39 -0000 1.11
@@ -1,14 +1,22 @@
<!--#include virtual="/server/header.html" -->
-<!-- Parent-Version: 1.77 -->
+<!-- Parent-Version: 1.96 -->
+<!-- This page is derived from /server/standards/boilerplate.html -->
+<!--#set var="TAGS" value="essays aboutfs extension" -->
+<!--#set var="DISABLE_TOP_ADDENDUM" value="yes" -->
<title>What Does It Mean for Your Computer to Be Loyal?
- GNU Project - Free Software Foundation</title>
<!--#include virtual="/philosophy/po/loyal-computers.translist" -->
<!--#include virtual="/server/banner.html" -->
-
+<!--#include virtual="/philosophy/ph-breadcrumb.html" -->
+<!--GNUN: OUT-OF-DATE NOTICE-->
+<!--#include virtual="/server/top-addendum.html" -->
+<div class="reduced-width">
<h2>What Does It Mean for Your Computer to Be Loyal?</h2>
-<p>by <a href="https://www.stallman.org/";>Richard Stallman</a></p>
+<address class="byline">by <a href="https://www.stallman.org/";>Richard
+Stallman</a></address>
+<div class="article">
<p>We say that running <a href="/philosophy/free-sw.html">free
software</a> on your computer means that its operation is <a
href="/philosophy/free-software-even-more-important.html">under your
@@ -143,6 +151,7 @@
of <a href="/philosophy/free-software-even-more-important.html">nonfree
software in the computer</a> is an obstacle to verifying that the
computer is loyal, or making sure it remains so.</p>
+</div>
<h3 id="History">History</h3>
@@ -150,18 +159,19 @@
<ul>
-<li><a
href="http://web.cvs.savannah.gnu.org/viewvc/www/philosophy/loyal-computers.html?root=www&r1=1.5&r2=1.6";>Version
1.6</a>:
+<li><a
href="https://web.cvs.savannah.gnu.org/viewvc/www/www/philosophy/loyal-computers.html?r1=1.5&r2=1.6";>Version
1.6</a>:
Add installability requirement.
</li>
-<li><a
href="http://web.cvs.savannah.gnu.org/viewvc/www/philosophy/loyal-computers.html?root=www&r1=1.3&r2=1.4";>Version
-1.4</a>: Full documentation is not a requirement for loyalty.
+<li><a
href="https://web.cvs.savannah.gnu.org/viewvc/www/www/philosophy/loyal-computers.html?r1=1.4&r2=1.5";>Version
+1.5</a>: Full documentation is not a requirement for loyalty.
</li>
</ul>
+</div>
</div><!-- for id="content", starts in the include above -->
<!--#include virtual="/server/footer.html" -->
-<div id="footer">
+<div id="footer" role="contentinfo">
<div class="unprintable">
<p>Please send general FSF & GNU inquiries to
@@ -179,13 +189,13 @@
to <a href="mailto:web-translators@gnu.org";>
<web-translators@gnu.org></a>.</p>
- <p>For information on coordinating and submitting translations of
+ <p>For information on coordinating and contributing translations of
our web pages, see <a
href="/server/standards/README.translations.html">Translations
README</a>. -->
Please see the <a
href="/server/standards/README.translations.html">Translations
-README</a> for information on coordinating and submitting translations
+README</a> for information on coordinating and contributing translations
of this article.</p>
</div>
@@ -206,7 +216,7 @@
There is more detail about copyright years in the GNU Maintainers
Information document, www.gnu.org/prep/maintain. -->
-<p>Copyright © 2015, 2019 Free Software Foundation, Inc.</p>
+<p>Copyright © 2014, 2015, 2019 Free Software Foundation, Inc.</p>
<p>This page is licensed under a <a rel="license"
href="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nd/4.0/";>Creative
@@ -216,10 +226,10 @@
<p class="unprintable">Updated:
<!-- timestamp start -->
-$Date: 2019/03/18 17:56:19 $
+$Date: 2021/08/20 19:59:39 $
<!-- timestamp end -->
</p>
</div>
-</div>
+</div><!-- for class="inner", starts in the banner include -->
</body>
</html>
Index: misinterpreting-copyright.html
===================================================================
RCS file: /webcvs/www/www/philosophy/misinterpreting-copyright.html,v
retrieving revision 1.59
retrieving revision 1.60
diff -u -b -r1.59 -r1.60
--- misinterpreting-copyright.html 26 Oct 2020 13:25:22 -0000 1.59
+++ misinterpreting-copyright.html 20 Aug 2021 19:59:39 -0000 1.60
@@ -1,13 +1,22 @@
<!--#include virtual="/server/header.html" -->
-<!-- Parent-Version: 1.86 -->
+<!-- Parent-Version: 1.96 -->
+<!-- This page is derived from /server/standards/boilerplate.html -->
+<!--#set var="TAGS" value="essays laws copyright" -->
+<!--#set var="DISABLE_TOP_ADDENDUM" value="yes" -->
<title>Misinterpreting Copyright
- GNU Project - Free Software Foundation</title>
<!--#include virtual="/philosophy/po/misinterpreting-copyright.translist" -->
<!--#include virtual="/server/banner.html" -->
+<!--#include virtual="/philosophy/ph-breadcrumb.html" -->
+<!--GNUN: OUT-OF-DATE NOTICE-->
+<!--#include virtual="/server/top-addendum.html" -->
+<div class="reduced-width">
<h2>Misinterpreting Copyright—A Series of Errors</h2>
-<p>by <a href="http://stallman.org/";><strong>Richard Stallman</strong></a></p>
+<address class="byline">by <a href="https://stallman.org/";>Richard
+Stallman</a></address>
+<div class="article">
<p>
Something strange and dangerous is happening in copyright law. Under
the US Constitution, copyright exists to benefit users—those
@@ -582,38 +591,38 @@
deserve special power over you. If you wish to reward me further for
the software or books I have written, I would gratefully accept a
check—but please don't surrender your freedom in my name.</p>
+<div class="column-limit"></div>
+</div>
-<h4>Footnotes</h4>
+<h3 class="footnote">Footnotes</h3>
<ol>
-<li>
-<a id="footnote1"></a>See Julian Sanchezâs
+<li id="footnote1">See Julian Sanchezâs
article <a
href="http://www.juliansanchez.com/2011/02/04/the-trouble-with-balance-metaphors/";>“The
Trouble with ‘Balance’ Metaphors”</a> for an
examination of “how the analogy between sound judgment and
balancing weights may constrain our thinking in unhealthy
ways.”</li>
-<li>
-<a id="footnote2"></a>Since renamed to the unpronounceable CBDTPA,
+<li id="footnote2">Since renamed to the unpronounceable CBDTPA,
for which a good mnemonic is “Consume, But Don't Try
Programming Anything,” but it really stands for the
“Consumer Broadband and Digital Television Promotion
Act.”</li>
-<li>
-<a id="footnote3"></a>If you would like to help, I recommend the Web
-sites <a href="http://defectivebydesign.org";>DefectiveByDesign.org</a>,
-<a href="http://publicknowledge.org";>publicknowledge.org</a>
-and <a href="http://www.eff.org";>www.eff.org</a>.</li>
+<li id="footnote3">If you would like to help, I recommend the Web
+sites <a href="https://www.defectivebydesign.org/";>DefectiveByDesign.org</a>,
+<a href="https://www.publicknowledge.org/";>publicknowledge.org</a>
+and <a href="https://www.eff.org/";>www.eff.org</a>.</li>
</ol>
-<hr />
-<blockquote id="fsfs"><p>This essay is published
-in <a href="http://shop.fsf.org/product/free-software-free-society/";><cite>Free
+<hr class="no-display" />
+<div class="edu-note c"><p id="fsfs">This essay is published in
+<a href="https://shop.fsf.org/product/free-software-free-society/";><cite>Free
Software, Free Society: The Selected Essays of Richard
-M. Stallman</cite></a>.</p></blockquote>
+M. Stallman</cite></a>.</p></div>
+</div>
</div><!-- for id="content", starts in the include above -->
<!--#include virtual="/server/footer.html" -->
-<div id="footer">
+<div id="footer" role="contentinfo">
<div class="unprintable">
<p>Please send general FSF & GNU inquiries to
@@ -631,13 +640,13 @@
to <a href="mailto:web-translators@gnu.org";>
<web-translators@gnu.org></a>.</p>
- <p>For information on coordinating and submitting translations of
+ <p>For information on coordinating and contributing translations of
our web pages, see <a
href="/server/standards/README.translations.html">Translations
README</a>. -->
Please see the <a
href="/server/standards/README.translations.html">Translations
-README</a> for information on coordinating and submitting translations
+README</a> for information on coordinating and contributing translations
of this article.</p>
</div>
@@ -658,7 +667,8 @@
There is more detail about copyright years in the GNU Maintainers
Information document, www.gnu.org/prep/maintain. -->
-<p>Copyright © 2002, 2003, 2007, 2015, 2016, 2018, 2020 Free Software
Foundation, Inc.</p>
+<p>Copyright © 2002, 2009, 2010, 2015 Free Software
+Foundation, Inc.</p>
<p>This page is licensed under a <a rel="license"
href="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nd/4.0/";>Creative
@@ -668,7 +678,7 @@
<p class="unprintable">Updated:
<!-- timestamp start -->
-$Date: 2020/10/26 13:25:22 $
+$Date: 2021/08/20 19:59:39 $
<!-- timestamp end -->
</p>
</div>
Index: netscape.html
===================================================================
RCS file: /webcvs/www/www/philosophy/netscape.html,v
retrieving revision 1.26
retrieving revision 1.27
diff -u -b -r1.26 -r1.27
--- netscape.html 12 Apr 2014 12:40:28 -0000 1.26
+++ netscape.html 20 Aug 2021 19:59:39 -0000 1.27
@@ -1,17 +1,22 @@
<!--#include virtual="/server/header.html" -->
-<!-- Parent-Version: 1.77 -->
+<!-- Parent-Version: 1.96 -->
+<!-- This page is derived from /server/standards/boilerplate.html -->
+<!--#set var="TAGS" value="essays licensing non-cpleft" -->
+<!--#set var="DISABLE_TOP_ADDENDUM" value="yes" -->
<title>Netscape
- GNU Project - Free Software Foundation</title>
<!--#include virtual="/philosophy/po/netscape.translist" -->
<!--#include virtual="/server/banner.html" -->
+<!--#include virtual="/philosophy/ph-breadcrumb.html" -->
+<!--GNUN: OUT-OF-DATE NOTICE-->
+<!--#include virtual="/server/top-addendum.html" -->
+<div class="reduced-width">
<h2>Netscape and Free Software</h2>
-<div class="announcement">
-<blockquote>
-<p><a href="/philosophy/netscape-npl.html"> More recent news about
Netscape</a>.</p>
-</blockquote>
-</div>
+<p><a href="/philosophy/netscape-npl.html">More recent news about
Netscape</a></p>
+<hr class="thin" />
+<div class="article">
<p>People have been writing with joy to tell us that Netscape has
announced a plan to make its browser free software, under the GNU GPL.</p>
@@ -36,12 +41,14 @@
rejoicing or criticizing now, let's see what actually happens, and
then we'll know whether to celebrate. What we can usefully do now is
urge Netscape, calmly and politely, to make the software free, and to
-copyleft it with the <a href="/copyleft/gpl.html">GNU General Public
+copyleft it with the <a href="/licenses/gpl.html">GNU General Public
License</a>.</p>
+</div>
+</div>
</div><!-- for id="content", starts in the include above -->
<!--#include virtual="/server/footer.html" -->
-<div id="footer">
+<div id="footer" role="contentinfo">
<div class="unprintable">
<p>Please send general FSF & GNU inquiries to
@@ -59,19 +66,19 @@
to <a href="mailto:web-translators@gnu.org";>
<web-translators@gnu.org></a>.</p>
- <p>For information on coordinating and submitting translations of
+ <p>For information on coordinating and contributing translations of
our web pages, see <a
href="/server/standards/README.translations.html">Translations
README</a>. -->
Please see the <a
href="/server/standards/README.translations.html">Translations
-README</a> for information on coordinating and submitting translations
+README</a> for information on coordinating and contributing translations
of this article.</p>
</div>
<!-- Regarding copyright, in general, standalone pages (as opposed to
files generated as part of manuals) on the GNU web server should
- be under CC BY-ND 3.0 US. Please do NOT change or remove this
+ be under CC BY-ND 4.0. Please do NOT change or remove this
without talking with the webmasters or licensing team first.
Please make sure the copyright date is consistent with the
document. For web pages, it is ok to list just the latest year the
@@ -86,20 +93,20 @@
There is more detail about copyright years in the GNU Maintainers
Information document, www.gnu.org/prep/maintain. -->
-<p>Copyright © 1998, 2007, 2008, 2013 Free Software Foundation, Inc.</p>
+<p>Copyright © 1998 Free Software Foundation, Inc.</p>
<p>This page is licensed under a <a rel="license"
-href="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nd/3.0/us/";>Creative
-Commons Attribution-NoDerivs 3.0 United States License</a>.</p>
+href="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nd/4.0/";>Creative
+Commons Attribution-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License</a>.</p>
<!--#include virtual="/server/bottom-notes.html" -->
<p class="unprintable">Updated:
<!-- timestamp start -->
-$Date: 2014/04/12 12:40:28 $
+$Date: 2021/08/20 19:59:39 $
<!-- timestamp end -->
</p>
</div>
-</div>
+</div><!-- for class="inner", starts in the banner include -->
</body>
</html>
Index: no-word-attachments.html
===================================================================
RCS file: /webcvs/www/www/philosophy/no-word-attachments.html,v
retrieving revision 1.85
retrieving revision 1.86
diff -u -b -r1.85 -r1.86
--- no-word-attachments.html 7 Jan 2020 16:56:30 -0000 1.85
+++ no-word-attachments.html 20 Aug 2021 19:59:39 -0000 1.86
@@ -1,18 +1,23 @@
<!--#include virtual="/server/header.html" -->
-<!-- Parent-Version: 1.90 -->
+<!-- Parent-Version: 1.96 -->
+<!-- This page is derived from /server/standards/boilerplate.html -->
+<!--#set var="TAGS" value="essays upholding action" -->
+<!--#set var="DISABLE_TOP_ADDENDUM" value="yes" -->
<title>We Can Put an End to Word Attachments
- GNU Project - Free Software Foundation</title>
<meta http-equiv="keywords" content="GNU, FSF, Free Software Foundation,
Linux, general, public, license, gpl, general public license, freedom,
software, power, rights, word, attachment, word attachment, microsoft" />
<meta http-equiv="description" content="This essay explains why Microsoft Word
attachments to email are bad, and describes what you can do to help stop this
practice." />
-
<!--#include virtual="/philosophy/po/no-word-attachments.translist" -->
<!--#include virtual="/server/banner.html" -->
-
+<!--#include virtual="/philosophy/ph-breadcrumb.html" -->
+<!--GNUN: OUT-OF-DATE NOTICE-->
+<!--#include virtual="/server/top-addendum.html" -->
+<div class="reduced-width">
<h2>We Can Put an End to Word Attachments</h2>
-<p>by <strong>Richard M. Stallman</strong>
-</p>
+<address class="byline">by Richard Stallman</address>
+<div class="article">
<p>
Don't you just hate receiving Word documents in email messages? Word
attachments are annoying, but, worse than that, they impede people from
@@ -131,7 +136,7 @@
<p>
With our numbers, simply by asking, we can make a difference.</p>
-<hr />
+<hr class="column-limit" />
<p>
<em>You sent the attachment in Microsoft Word format, a secret
@@ -146,13 +151,11 @@
Would you please reconsider the use of Word format for communication
with other people?</em></p>
-<hr />
-
<p>
(Explanatory note: I can handle ODF too, but it isn't very convenient
for me, so I don't include it in my list of suggestions.)</p>
-<hr />
+<hr class="column-limit" />
<p>
<em>You sent the attachment in Microsoft Word format, a secret
@@ -166,7 +169,7 @@
<p>
<em>Receiving Word documents is bad for you because they can carry
-viruses (see http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Macro_virus_(computing)).
+viruses (see https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Macro_virus).
Sending Word documents is bad for you because a Word document normally
includes hidden information about the author, enabling those in the
know to pry into the author's activities (maybe yours). Text that you
@@ -217,18 +220,16 @@
PDF file when requested.</em></p>
<p>
-<em>See http://www.gnu.org/philosophy/no-word-attachments.html for more
+<em>See https://www.gnu.org/philosophy/no-word-attachments.html for more
about this issue.</em></p>
-<hr />
+<hr class="column-limit" />
<p>
Here's another approach, suggested by Bob Chassell. It requires that
you edit it for the specific example, and it presumes you have a way
to extract the contents and see how long they are.</p>
-<hr />
-
<p>
<em>I am puzzled. Why did you choose to send me 876,377 bytes in your
recent message when the content is only 27,133 bytes?</em></p>
@@ -245,27 +246,25 @@
professionals offering their services. Please don't give them your
support.</em></p>
-<hr />
+<hr class="column-limit" />
<p>
John D. Ramsdell suggests people discourage the use of proprietary
-attachments by making a small statement in their <kbd>.signature</kbd>
+attachments by making a small statement in their <code>.signature</code>
file:</p>
-<hr />
-
<p>
<em>Please avoid sending me Word or PowerPoint attachments.<br />
-See http://www.gnu.org/philosophy/no-word-attachments.html</em></p>
+See https://www.gnu.org/philosophy/no-word-attachments.html</em></p>
-<hr />
+<hr class="column-limit" />
<p>
<a href="/philosophy/anonymous-response.html">Here is a response
letter</a> to an email message with a Word
attachment.</p>
-<hr />
+<hr class="column-limit" />
<p>
Kevin Cole of the Gallaudet University in Washington,
@@ -274,10 +273,12 @@
attachment. (I think it is
better to send the responses by hand, and make it clear that you have
done so, because people will receive them better.)</p>
+</div>
+</div>
</div><!-- for id="content", starts in the include above -->
<!--#include virtual="/server/footer.html" -->
-<div id="footer">
+<div id="footer" role="contentinfo">
<div class="unprintable">
<p>Please send general FSF & GNU inquiries to
@@ -295,13 +296,13 @@
to <a href="mailto:web-translators@gnu.org";>
<web-translators@gnu.org></a>.</p>
- <p>For information on coordinating and submitting translations of
+ <p>For information on coordinating and contributing translations of
our web pages, see <a
href="/server/standards/README.translations.html">Translations
README</a>. -->
Please see the <a
href="/server/standards/README.translations.html">Translations
-README</a> for information on coordinating and submitting translations
+README</a> for information on coordinating and contributing translations
of this article.</p>
</div>
@@ -322,7 +323,7 @@
There is more detail about copyright years in the GNU Maintainers
Information document, www.gnu.org/prep/maintain. -->
-<p>Copyright © 2002, 2007, 2019, 2020 Richard M. Stallman</p>
+<p>Copyright © 2002, 2003, 2008, 2020 Richard Stallman</p>
<p>This page is licensed under a <a rel="license"
href="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nd/4.0/";>Creative
@@ -332,10 +333,10 @@
<p class="unprintable">Updated:
<!-- timestamp start -->
-$Date: 2020/01/07 16:56:30 $
+$Date: 2021/08/20 19:59:39 $
<!-- timestamp end -->
</p>
</div>
-</div>
+</div><!-- for class="inner", starts in the banner include -->
</body>
</html>
- www/philosophy android-and-users-freedom.html b...,
Therese Godefroy <=