[Date Prev][Date Next][Thread Prev][Thread Next][Date Index][Thread Index]
www/philosophy/po copyright-versus-community.zh...
|
From: |
Wensheng XIE |
|
Subject: |
www/philosophy/po copyright-versus-community.zh... |
|
Date: |
Wed, 28 Apr 2021 23:59:53 -0400 (EDT) |
CVSROOT: /web/www
Module name: www
Changes by: Wensheng XIE <wxie> 21/04/28 23:59:53
Added files:
philosophy/po : copyright-versus-community.zh-cn.po
Log message:
zh-cn: new translation
CVSWeb URLs:
http://web.cvs.savannah.gnu.org/viewcvs/www/philosophy/po/copyright-versus-community.zh-cn.po?cvsroot=www&rev=1.1
Patches:
Index: copyright-versus-community.zh-cn.po
===================================================================
RCS file: copyright-versus-community.zh-cn.po
diff -N copyright-versus-community.zh-cn.po
--- /dev/null 1 Jan 1970 00:00:00 -0000
+++ copyright-versus-community.zh-cn.po 29 Apr 2021 03:59:52 -0000 1.1
@@ -0,0 +1,1912 @@
+# Simplified Chinese translation of
https://www.gnu.org/philosophy/copyright-versus-community.html
+# Copyright (C) 2021 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
+# This file is distributed under the same license as the original article.
+# Wensheng Xie <wxie@member.fsf.org>, 2021.
+#
+msgid ""
+msgstr ""
+"Project-Id-Version: copyright-versus-community.html\n"
+"POT-Creation-Date: 2020-10-06 08:28+0000\n"
+"PO-Revision-Date: 2021-04-29 11:50+0800\n"
+"Last-Translator: Wensheng Xie <wxie@member.fsf.org>\n"
+"Language-Team: Chinese <www-zh-cn-translators@gnu.org>\n"
+"Language: zh_CN\n"
+"MIME-Version: 1.0\n"
+"Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8\n"
+"Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit\n"
+
+#. type: Content of: <title>
+msgid ""
+"Copyright versus Community in the Age of Computer Networks - GNU Project - "
+"Free Software Foundation"
+msgstr "计ç®æºç½ç»æ¶ä»£ççæåç¤¾åº - GNU å·¥ç¨ -
èªç±è½¯ä»¶åºéä¼"
+
+#. type: Content of: <h2>
+msgid "Copyright versus Community in the Age of Computer Networks"
+msgstr "计ç®æºç½ç»æ¶ä»£ççæå社åº"
+
+#. type: Content of: <address>
+msgid "by Richard Stallman"
+msgstr "Richard Stallman è"
+
+#. type: Content of: <p><em>
+msgid ""
+"<em>Keynote speech at LIANZA conference, Christchurch Convention Centre, 12 "
+"October 2009."
+msgstr ""
+"<em>LIANZA ä¼è®®ç主é¢æ¼è®²ï¼Christchurch ä¼è®®ä¸å¿ï¼2009 å¹´ 10
æ 12 æ¥ã"
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"There is an <a href=\"/philosophy/copyright-versus-community-2000.html"
+"\">older version</a> of this talk, from 2000.</em>"
+msgstr ""
+"æ个 2000 å¹´æ¤æ¼è®²ç <a
href=\"/philosophy/copyright-versus-community-2000."
+"html\">èçæ¬</a>ã</em>"
+
+#. type: Content of: <blockquote><p>
+msgid ""
+"<a href=\"http://defectivebydesign.org/ebooks.html\";>Join our mailing list "
+"about the dangers of e-books</a>."
+msgstr ""
+"<a href=\"http://defectivebydesign.org/ebooks.html\";>请å å
¥æ们å
³äºçµå书ä¹å±"
+"é©çé®ä»¶å表</a>ã"
+
+#. type: Content of: <dl><dt>
+msgid "BC:"
+msgstr "BCï¼"
+
+#. type: Content of: <dl><dd><p>
+msgid ""
+"Tena koutou, tena koutou, tena koutou katoa. Today I have the privilege of "
+"introducing Richard Stallman, whose keynote speech is being sponsored by the "
+"School of Information Management at Victoria University of Wellington."
+msgstr ""
+"ï¼æ¯å©è¯ï¼å¤§å®¶å¥½ï¼å¤§å®¶å¥½ï¼å¤§å®¶å¥½ãï¼è±è¯ï¼ä»å¤©æ们æ幸请å°
Richard Stallmanï¼"
+"ä»ç主é¢æ¼è®²ç±æ
çµé¡¿ç»´å¤å©äºå¤§å¦çä¿¡æ¯ç®¡çå¦é¢èµå©ã"
+
+#. type: Content of: <dl><dd><p>
+msgid ""
+"Richard has been working to promote software freedom for over 25 years. In "
+"1983 he started the GNU project to develop a free operating system [the GNU "
+"system], and in 1985 he set up the Free Software Foundation. Every time you "
+"read or send a message to nz-libs, you use the Mailman software which is "
+"part of the GNU project. So whether you realize it or not, Richard's work "
+"has touched all of your lives."
+msgstr ""
+"Richard å·²ç»ä¸ºæ¨å¹¿è½¯ä»¶èªç±å·¥ä½äºè¶
è¿ 25 个年头äºãå¨ 1983
ä»å¼å§äº GNU å·¥ç¨ï¼"
+"æå¨å¼åä¸ä¸ªèªç±æä½ç³»ç» [GNU ç³»ç»]ï¼å¹¶å¨ 1985
å¹´æç«äºèªç±è½¯ä»¶åºéä¼ãæ¯æ¬¡ä½ "
+"é
读æè
åéä¿¡æ¯å° nz-libs<sup><a
href=\"#TransNote1\">1</a></sup>ï¼ä½ ç¨å°ç "
+"Mailman è½¯ä»¶å°±æ¯ GNUå·¥ç¨çä¸é¨åãå æ¤ï¼æ 论ä½
æ¯å¦æè¯å°ï¼Richard çå·¥ä½é½å·²"
+"ç»è§¦åä½ ä»¬ææ人ççæ´»ã"
+
+#. type: Content of: <dl><dd><p>
+msgid ""
+"I like to describe him as the most influential person most people have never "
+"heard of, although he tells me that that cannot possibly be true because it "
+"cannot be tested."
+msgstr ""
+"ææ³è¯´ä»æ¯å¤§å¤æ°äººä»æªå¬è¯´è¿çææå½±ååç人ï¼è½ç¶ä»åè¯æå
为æ æ³æµè¯ï¼é£æ ·"
+"ç说æ³ä¸å¯è½æ¯å¯¹çã"
+
+#. type: Content of: <dl><dt>
+msgid "RMS:"
+msgstr "RMSï¼"
+
+#. type: Content of: <dl><dd>
+msgid "We can't tell."
+msgstr "æ们æ æ³ç¥éã"
+
+#. type: Content of: <dl><dd><p>
+msgid ""
+"I said that—I still like it. His ideas about software freedom and "
+"free access to information were used by Tim Berners-Lee when he created the "
+"world's first web server, and in 1999 his musings about a free online "
+"encyclopedia inspired Jimmy Wales to set up what is now Wikipedia."
+msgstr ""
+"æ说迗—æè¿æ¯å欢è¿ä¸ªè¯´æ³ãå¨ Berners-Lee
å建ä¸çä¸ç¬¬ä¸ä¸ªç½ç»æ"
+"å¡å¨æ¶ï¼ä»å°±ä½¿ç¨äº Richard å
³äºè½¯ä»¶èªç±åä¿¡æ¯è®¿é®èªç±çç念ï¼è Richard 1999 "
+"å
³äºèªç±å¨çº¿ç¾ç§å
¨ä¹¦ç设æ³æ¿å±äº Jimmy Wales
æ建åºç®åç Wikipediaã"
+
+#. type: Content of: <dl><dd><p>
+msgid ""
+"Today Richard will be talking to us about copyright vs community in the age "
+"of computer networks, and their implications for libraries. Richard."
+msgstr ""
+"ä»å¤©ï¼ Richard
å°ç»å¤§å®¶å¸¦æ¥çæ¼è®²æ¯è®¡ç®æºç½ç»æ¶ä»£ççæå社åºåå
¶å¯¹å¾ä¹¦é¦çå½±"
+"åãæ请 Richardã"
+
+#. type: Content of: <dl><dd><p>
+msgid ""
+"I've been in New Zealand for a couple of weeks, and in the North Island it "
+"was raining most of the time. Now I know why they call gumboots “"
+"Wellingtons”. And then I saw somebody who was making chairs and "
+"tables out of ponga wood, and he called it fern-iture. Then we took the "
+"ferry to get here, and as soon as we got off, people started mocking and "
+"insulting us; but there were no hard feelings, they just wanted to make us "
+"really feel Picton."
+msgstr ""
+"ææ¥æ°è¥¿å
°å·²ç»å¥½å
个ææäºï¼åå²å¤§å¤æ°æ¶é´é½å¨ä¸é¨ãç°å¨æç¥é大家为ä»ä¹æé¨"
+"é´å« “æ çµé¡¿”ãç¶åï¼æçå°æäººç¨ ponga
æ¨å¶ä½æ¡ååæ¤
åï¼å¹¶ç§°ä¹"
+"为家俱<sup><a
href=\"#TransNote\">2</a></sup>ãåç¶åæ们å轮渡æ¥å°è¿éï¼æ们"
+"ä¸ä¸æ¥ï¼äººä»¬å°±å¼å§æ¨¡ä»¿å¹¶éªæ°æ们ï¼ä½æ¯æ们并ä¸çæ°ï¼ä»ä»¬åªæ¯è®©æ们æåä¸ä¸ç"
+"æ£çç®å
é¡¿æ
æã"
+
+#. type: Content of: <dl><dd><p>
+msgid ""
+"The reason people usually invite me to give speeches is because of my work "
+"on free software. This is not a talk about free software; this talk answers "
+"the question whether the ideas of free software extend to other kinds of "
+"works. But in order for that to make sense, I'd better tell you briefly "
+"what free software means."
+msgstr ""
+"é常人们é请ææ¼è®²æ¯å
为æå¨èªç±è½¯ä»¶æ¹é¢çå·¥ä½ãè¿æ¬¡çæ¼è®²ä¸æ¯å
³äºèªç±è½¯ä»¶ï¼"
+"è¿æ¬¡æ¼è®²è¦åççé®é¢æ¯èªç±è½¯ä»¶çææ³æ¯å¦å¯ä»¥æ©å±å°å
¶ä»ç±»åçä½åãä½æ¯è¦è®²å¾"
+"æ¸
æ¥ï¼ææ好ç®åä»ç»ä¸ä¸èªç±è½¯ä»¶ã"
+
+#. type: Content of: <dl><dd><p>
+msgid ""
+"Free software is a matter of freedom, not price, so think of “free "
+"speech”, not “free beer”. Free software is software that "
+"respects the user's freedom, and there are four specific freedoms that the "
+"user deserves always to have."
+msgstr ""
+"èªç±è½¯ä»¶è®¨è®ºçæ¯èªç±ï¼èéä»·æ ¼ï¼æ以大家è¦èæ³çæ¯
“è¨è®ºèªç±”ï¼è"
+"é “å
è´¹å餔ãèªç±è½¯ä»¶æ¯å°éç¨æ·èªç±ç软件ï¼èç¨æ·åºè¯¥ä¸ç´æ¥æå"
+"个å
·ä½ç软件èªç±ã"
+
+#. type: Content of: <dl><dd><ul><li>
+msgid "Freedom 0 is the freedom to run the program as you wish."
+msgstr "èªç±ä¹é¶ï¼æèªç±æç
§èªå·±çææ¿è¿è¡è½¯ä»¶ã"
+
+#. type: Content of: <dl><dd><ul><li>
+msgid ""
+"Freedom 1 is the freedom to study the source code of the program and change "
+"it to make the program do what you wish."
+msgstr "èªç±ä¹ä¸ï¼æèªç±å¦ä¹ ç¨åºçæºä»£ç 并æ´æ¹ä»£ç
使ä¹æç
§èªå·±çææ¿æ§è¡ã"
+
+#. type: Content of: <dl><dd><ul><li>
+msgid ""
+"Freedom 2 is the freedom to help your neighbour; that is, the freedom to "
+"redistribute copies of the program, exact copies when you wish."
+msgstr ""
+"èªç±ä¹äºï¼æèªç±äºç¸å¸®å©ï¼å°±æ¯è¯´ï¼æèªç±æç
§èªå·±çææ¿ååååæ¥ç¨åºçæ·è´ã"
+
+#. type: Content of: <dl><dd><ul><li>
+msgid ""
+"And Freedom 3 is the freedom to contribute to your community. That's the "
+"freedom to publish your modified versions when you wish."
+msgstr ""
+"èªç±ä¹åï¼æèªç±ä¸ºç¤¾åºåè´¡ç®ãå°±æ¯è¯´ï¼æèªç±æç
§èªå·±çææ¿åå¸ä¿®æ¹ççç¨åºç"
+"æ¬ã"
+
+#. type: Content of: <dl><dd><p>
+msgid ""
+"If the program gives you these four freedoms then it's free software, which "
+"means the social system of its distribution and use is an ethical system, "
+"one which respects the user's freedom and the social solidarity of the "
+"user's community. But if one of these freedoms is missing or insufficient, "
+"then it's proprietary software, nonfree software, user-subjugating "
+"software. It's unethical. It's not a contribution to society, it's a power "
+"grab. This unethical practice should not exist; the goal of the free "
+"software movement is to put an end to it. All software should be free, so "
+"that all users can be free."
+msgstr ""
+"å¦æä¸ä¸ªç¨åºç»ä½
å个èªç±ï¼é£ä¹å®å°±æ¯èªç±è½¯ä»¶ï¼è¿æå³çåå¸å使ç¨è¯¥ç¨åºç社ä¼"
+"ç³»ç»æ¯ä¸ä¸ªæéå¾·çç³»ç»ï¼æ¯ä¸ä¸ªå°éç¨æ·èªç±åå°éç¨æ·ç¤¾åºå¢ç»çç³»ç»ãä½æ¯å¦æ"
+"ä¸ä¸ªç¨åºç¼ºå°å
¶ä¸ä¸ä¸ªèªç±æè
å
¶èªç±ä¸å
åï¼é£ä¹å®å°±æ¯ä¸æ软件ãéèªç±è½¯ä»¶ãå"
+"å¶ç¨æ·ç软件ãå®æ¯ä¸éå¾·çãå®ä¸æ¯å¨ä¸ºç¤¾ä¼åè´¡ç®ï¼å®æ¯å¨æ«åæåãè¿ç§ä¸éå¾·"
+"çè¡ä¸ºä¸åºè¯¥åå¨ï¼èªç±è½¯ä»¶çç®æ
å°±æ¯è¦ç»æ¢è¿ç§è¡ä¸ºãææç软件é½åºè¯¥æ¯èªç±"
+"çï¼è¿æ ·ææçç¨æ·æè½æ¯èªç±çã"
+
+#. type: Content of: <dl><dd><p>
+msgid ""
+"Proprietary software keeps the users divided and helpless: divided, because "
+"they're forbidden to share it, and helpless, because they don't have the "
+"source code so they can't change it. They can't even study it to verify "
+"what it's really doing to them, and many proprietary programs have malicious "
+"features which spy on the user, restrict the user, even back doors to attack "
+"the user."
+msgstr ""
+"ä¸æ软件åè£ç¨æ·å¹¶è®©ä»ä»¬æ å©ï¼åè£ï¼å
为ä»ä»¬ä¸è½å享软件ï¼æ å©ï¼å 为ä»ä»¬æ²¡æ"
+"æºä»£ç èæ æ³ä¿®æ¹è½¯ä»¶ãç¨æ·çè³æ æ³ç
究ä¸æ软件æ¥éªè¯å®æ¯å¦å¨ä¸ºç¨æ·åäºï¼è许"
+"å¤ä¸æç¨åºæå¤ç§æ¶æåè½æ¥çæ§ç¨æ·ãéå¶ç¨æ·ä¹è³å©ç¨åé¨æ»å»ç¨æ·ã"
+
+#. type: Content of: <dl><dd><p>
+msgid ""
+"For instance, Microsoft Windows has a back door with which Microsoft can "
+"forcibly install software changes, without getting permission from the "
+"supposed owner of the computer. You may think it's your computer, but if "
+"you've made the mistake of having Windows running in it, then really "
+"Microsoft has owned your computer. Computers need to be defenestrated, "
+"which means either throw Windows out of the computer, or throw the computer "
+"out the window."
+msgstr ""
+"æ¯å¦ï¼Microsoft Windows å°±æ个åé¨ï¼Microsoft
å¯ä»¥å©ç¨å®å¼ºè¡å®è£
软件æ´æ°ï¼è"
+"æ éè·å¾çµèææè
ç许å¯ãä½ ä¹è®¸ä»¥ä¸ºé£æ¯ä½
ççµèï¼ä½æ¯å¦æä½ ä¸å°å¿è¿è¡äº "
+"Windowsï¼é£ä¹çµèççæ£æ¥æè
æ¯
Microsoftãè¿äºçµèåºè¯¥è¢«ææï¼è¦ä¹æ¯æ "
+"Windows æåºçµèï¼è¦ä¹å°±æ¯æçµèæå°çªå¤<sup><a
href=\"#TransNote3\">3</a></"
+"sup>ã"
+
+#. type: Content of: <dl><dd><p>
+msgid ""
+"But any proprietary software gives the developers unjust power over the "
+"users. Some of the developers abuse this power more, and some abuse it "
+"less, but none of them ought to have it. You deserve to have control of "
+"your computing, and not be forcibly dependent on a particular company. So "
+"you deserve free software."
+msgstr ""
+"ä½æ¯ä»»ä½ä¸æ软件é½ç»äºå¼åè
å驾äºç¨æ·ä¹ä¸çä¸å
¬æ£æåãæäºå¼åè
滥ç¨å¤äºä¸"
+"äºæåï¼å¦ä¸äºå¼åè
滥ç¨å¾å°ä¸ç¹ï¼ä½æ¯ä»ä»¬æ¬æ¥å°±ä¸è¯¥æè¿äºæåãä½
æææ§å¶ä½ "
+"ç计ç®ï¼èä¸æ¯è¢«è¿«ä¾èµäºæ个å
¬å¸ãå æ¤ï¼ä½
æææ¥æèªç±è½¯ä»¶ã"
+
+#. type: Content of: <dl><dd><p>
+msgid ""
+"At the end of speeches about free software, people sometimes ask whether "
+"these same freedoms and ideas apply to other things. If you have a copy of "
+"a published work on your computer, it makes sense to ask whether you should "
+"have the same four freedoms—whether it's ethically essential that you "
+"have them or not. And that's the question that I'm going to address today."
+msgstr ""
+"å¨æå
³èªç±è½¯ä»¶çæ¼è®²æåï¼äººä»¬ææ¶ä¼é®åæ
·çèªç±åç念æ¯å¦å¯ç¨äºå
¶ä»çäºç©ã"
+"å¦æä½ å¨çµèéæä¸ä»½å·²å表çä½åï¼é£ä¹ä½ æåºå
³äºæ¤ä½åçå项èªç±çé®é¢æäºé"
+"ç——æ
论æ¥æè¿äºèªç±æ¯å¦é常éè¦ãè¿å°±æ¯æä»å¤©è¦æ¼è®²çé®é¢ã"
+
+#. type: Content of: <dl><dd><p>
+msgid ""
+"If you have a copy of something that's not software, for the most part, the "
+"only thing that might deny you any of these freedoms is copyright law. With "
+"software that's not so. The main ways of making software nonfree are "
+"contracts and withholding the source code from the users. Copyright is a "
+"sort of secondary, back up method. For other things there's no such "
+"distinction as between source code and executable code."
+msgstr ""
+"å¦æä½
çä¸è¥¿ä¸æ¯è½¯ä»¶ï¼é£ä¹æå¯è½å¥å¤ºè¿äºèªç±çæ¯çææ³ãè对软件å´ä¸æ¯ã让软"
+"件éèªç±ç主è¦æ¹æ³æ¯åååä¸è®©ç¨æ·è·å¾æºä»£ç
ãèçæåªæ¯æ¬¡è¦çãå¤ç¨çæ¹æ³ã"
+"å
¶ä»äºç©æ²¡ææºä»£ç åå¯æ§è¡ä»£ç çåºå«ã"
+
+#. type: Content of: <dl><dd><p>
+msgid ""
+"For instance, if we're talking about a text, if you can see the text to read "
+"it, there's nothing in the text that you can't see. So it's not the same "
+"kind of issue exactly as software. It's for the most part only copyright "
+"that might deny you these freedoms."
+msgstr ""
+"æ¯å¦ï¼å¦ææ们讲çæ¯ææ¬ï¼å¦æä½
çè§ææ¬å°±å¯ä»¥è¯»äºï¼é£ä¹ææ¬å¯¹ä½ æ¥è¯´å¹¶ä¸è½é"
+"èä»ä¹ãå æ¤ï¼ææ¬å软件çé®é¢ä¸å®å
¨æ¯ä¸ç±»é®é¢ã对ææ¬æ¥è¯´ï¼å¤§é¨åæ
åµå¯è½æ¯"
+"çæå¥å¤ºäºä½ çèªç±ã"
+
+#. type: Content of: <dl><dd><p>
+msgid ""
+"So the question can be restated: “What should copyright law allow you "
+"to do with published works? What should copyright law say?”"
+msgstr ""
+"å æ¤ï¼è¿ä¸ªé®é¢å¯ä»¥è¿æ ·æ¥é®ï¼“çææ³åºè¯¥è®©ä½ ææ
·å¯¹å¾
å·²å表çä½åï¼çææ³"
+"åºè¯¥ææ ·è¯´å¢ï¼”"
+
+#. type: Content of: <dl><dd><p>
+msgid ""
+"Copyright has developed along with copying technology, so it's useful to "
+"review the history of copying technology. Copying developed in the ancient "
+"world, where you'd use a writing instrument on a writing surface. You'd "
+"read one copy and write another."
+msgstr ""
+"çææ¯åå¤å¶ææ¯ä¸èµ·åå±èµ·æ¥çï¼å
æ¤å顾ä¸ä¸å¤å¶ææ¯çåå²æ¯æççãå¤å¶äº§ç"
+"äºå¤ä»£ï¼é£æ¶ä½ éè¦ä½¿ç¨ä¹¦åå·¥å
·å¨æç§è¡¨é¢ä¸ä¹¦åï¼é常æ¯ä¸è¾¹çï¼ä¸è¾¹å¤å¶ã"
+
+#. type: Content of: <dl><dd><p>
+msgid ""
+"This technology was rather inefficient, but another interesting "
+"characteristic was that it had no economy of scale. To write ten copies "
+"would take ten times as long as to write one copy. It required no special "
+"equipment other than the equipment for writing, and it required no special "
+"skill other than literacy itself. The result was that copies of any "
+"particular book were made in a decentralized manner. Wherever there was a "
+"copy, if someone wanted to copy it, he could."
+msgstr ""
+"è¿ç§ææ¯çæçç¸å½ä½ï¼ä½æ¯å®çå¦ä¸ä¸ªç¹ç¹æ¯æ²¡æè§æ¨¡ç»æµæåºãè¦å¤å¶
10 个æ·è´"
+"å°±éè¦åå¤å¶ 1 个æ·è´ç 10 åæ¶é´ãé¤äºä¹¦åå·¥å
·ï¼å®ä¹ä¸éè¦å
¶ä»ç¹å®ç设å¤ï¼è"
+"ä¸é¤äºè¯åä¹ä¸éè¦å
¶ä»ææ¯ãå
¶ç»æå°±æ¯ä¹¦ç±çå¤å¶é½æ¯éä¸å¿åçãåªè¦æéæä¸"
+"æ¬ä¹¦ï¼æ
论å¨åªéï¼åªè¦æ人è¦å¤å¶ä¸æ¬ï¼å°±å°å°±å¯ä»¥å¤å¶ã"
+
+#. type: Content of: <dl><dd><p>
+msgid ""
+"There was nothing like copyright in the ancient world. If you had a copy "
+"and wanted to copy it, nobody was going to tell you you weren't "
+"allowed—except if the local prince didn't like what the book said, in "
+"which case he might punish you for copying it. But that's not copyright, "
+"but rather something closely related, namely censorship. To this day, "
+"copyright is often used in attempts to censor people."
+msgstr ""
+"å¨å¤ä»£å¹¶æ²¡æçæè¿æ ·çäºãå¦æä½ ææ¬ä¹¦ï¼ä½
æ³å¤å¶ä¸æ¬ï¼æ²¡äººä¼æ¦çä½ —"
+"—é¤éå½å°çè¾¾å®è´µäººä¸å欢é£æ¬ä¹¦çè¨è¾ï¼è¿æ¶å¦æä½
åå¤å¶å°±ä¼åå°æ©ç½ãä½"
+"è¿ä¸æ¯çæï¼èæ¯åçæå¾æå
³èç审æ¥ãç´å°ä»å¤©ï¼çæè¿å¸¸å¸¸è¢«ç¨æ¥å®¡æ¥å¤§å®¶ã"
+
+#. type: Content of: <dl><dd><p>
+msgid ""
+"That went on for thousands of years, but then there was a big advance in "
+"copying technology, namely the printing press. The printing press made "
+"copying more efficient, but not uniformly. [This was] because mass "
+"production copying became a lot more efficient, but making one copy at a "
+"time didn't benefit from the printing press. In fact, you were better off "
+"just writing it by hand; that would be faster than trying to print one copy."
+msgstr ""
+"è¿ä¸ªç¶åµæç»äºå
åå¹´ï¼ç¶åå¤å¶ææ¯æäºä¸ä¸ªå·¨å¤§çè¿å±ï¼å°±æ¯å°å·æ¯ãå°å·æ¯ä½¿å¤"
+"å¶åå¾æ´ææçï¼ä½æ¯å¹¶ä¸æ¯å¯¹ææçæ
åµé½ä¸è´ã[è¿]æ¯å 为大è§æ¨¡å¤å¶åå¾é常é«"
+"æï¼ä½æ¯æ¯æ¬¡åªå¤å¶ä¸æ¬çè¯å°±æ²¡æä»å°å·æ¯è·å¾ä»ä¹çå¤ãäºå®ä¸ï¼å¦ææåçè¯ï¼"
+"åä¸æ¬è¿æ´å¥½ï¼å 为è¿æ¯å°å·ä¸æ¬æ´å¿«ã"
+
+#. type: Content of: <dl><dd><p>
+msgid ""
+"The printing press has an economy of scale: it takes a lot of work to set "
+"the type, but then you can make many copies very fast. Also, the printing "
+"press and the type were expensive equipment that most people didn't own; and "
+"the ability to use them, most literate people didn't know. Using a press "
+"was a different skill from writing. The result was a centralized manner of "
+"producing copies: the copies of any given book would be made in a few "
+"places, and then they would be transported to wherever someone wanted to buy "
+"copies."
+msgstr ""
+"å°å·ä¸æä¸ä¸ªç»æµè§æ¨¡æåºï¼æ建模åéè¦å¾å¤å³å¨ï¼ä½æ¯æ¤åä½
å°±å¯ä»¥å¾å¿«å°åºè®¸å¤"
+"å¯æ¬ãè¿æï¼å°å·å模åç设å¤å¾è´µï¼å¤§å¤æ°äººé½ä¹°ä¸èµ·ï¼èä¸å¤§å¤æ°è¯åç人ä¹ä¸ç¥"
+"éæä¹ç¨ãå°å·æ¯ç使ç¨å书åææ¯ä¸åãå
¶ç»æå°±æ¯å¤å¶åæä¸å¿åï¼ä¹¦ç±çå¤å¶å°±"
+"å¨å 个å°æ¹è¿è¡ï¼ç¶åè¿è¾å°è¦ä¹°ä¹¦ç人é£éã"
+
+#. type: Content of: <dl><dd><p>
+msgid ""
+"Copyright began in the age of the printing press. Copyright in England "
+"began as a system of censorship in the 1500s. I believe it was originally "
+"meant to censor Protestants, but it was turned around and used to censor "
+"Catholics and presumably lots of others as well. According to this law, in "
+"order to publish a book you had to get permission from the Crown, and this "
+"permission was granted in the form of a perpetual monopoly to publish it. "
+"This was allowed to lapse in the 1680s, I believe [it expired in 1695 "
+"according to the Wikipedia entry]. The publishers wanted it back again, but "
+"what they got was something somewhat different. The Statute of Anne gave "
+"authors a copyright, and only for 14 years, although the author could renew "
+"it once."
+msgstr ""
+"çæå¼å§äºå°å·æ¶ä»£ãçæå¨è±å½æ¯å¨åå
ä¸çºªä½ä¸ºä¸é¡¹å®¡æ¥ç³»ç»å¼å§çãæç¸ä¿¡å®èµ·"
+"åæ¯ä¸ºäºå®¡æ¥æè®®è
ï¼ä½æ¯åæ¥åè¿æ¥ç¨äºå®¡æ¥æä¼ãæ许è¿ææ´å¤å
¶ä»ç对象ãæ ¹æ®"
+"è¿ä¸ªæ³å¾ï¼è¦åºä¸æ¬ä¹¦ï¼ä½ å¿
é¡»ä»çå¸é£éè·å¾è®¸å¯ï¼è®¸å¯çé¢åå½¢å¼å°±æ¯ä¸ä¸ªæ°¸ä¹
ç"
+"åæåºçæãè¿ä¸ªä¸ç´æç»å°åå
ä¸çºªå
«å年代ï¼æç¸ä¿¡[æ
¹æ® Wikipedia çæ¡ç®ï¼å®"
+"å¨ 1695
年被åºæ¢]ãåºçåè¿æ³è®¨åï¼ä½æ¯ä»ä»¬å¾å°äºä¸åçä¸è¥¿ããå®å¦®æ³ã"
+"<sup><a href=\"#TransNote4\">4</a></sup>èµäºä½è
çæï¼å¹¶ä¸åªæ 14
å¹´ï¼è½ç¶ä½"
+"è
å¯ä»¥åç»ä¸æ¬¡ã"
+
+#. type: Content of: <dl><dd><p>
+msgid ""
+"This was a totally different idea—a temporary monopoly for the author, "
+"instead of a perpetual monopoly for the publisher. The idea developed that "
+"copyright was a means of promoting writing."
+msgstr ""
+"è¿æ¯ä¸ä¸ªå®å
¨ä¸åçç念——ä½è
æ¥æä¸ä¸ªä¸´æ¶çåææï¼èä¸æ¯åºçåæ¥"
+"ææ°¸ä¹
çåææãå
¶èåçææ³åå±æ为çææ¯ä¿è¿åä½çæ段ã"
+
+#. type: Content of: <dl><dd><p>
+msgid ""
+"When the US constitution was written, some people wanted authors to be "
+"entitled to a copyright, but that was rejected. Instead, the US "
+"Constitution says that Congress can optionally adopt a copyright law, and if "
+"there is a copyright law, its purpose is to promote progress. In other "
+"words, the purpose is not benefits for copyright holders or anybody they do "
+"business with, but for the general public. Copyright has to last a limited "
+"time; publishers keep hoping for us to forget about this."
+msgstr ""
+"æ°åç¾å½å®ªæ³ä¹æ¶ï¼æ人æ³è®©ä½è
æ¥æçæï¼ä½æ¯è¢«æç»äºãä½ä¸ºæ¿ä»£ï¼ç¾å½å®ªæ³è¯´å½"
+"ä¼å¯ä»¥éè¿ä¸ä¸ªçææ³ï¼èå¦æéè¦æçææ³ï¼é£ä¹çææ³çç®çåºè¯¥æ¯ä¿è¿åå±ãæ¢"
+"å¥è¯è¯´ï¼å
¶ç®çä¸æ¯ä¸ºäºè®©çæææè
æè
ä¸å
¶äº¤æè
åçï¼èæ¯ä¸ºäºå
¬ä¼ãçæå¿
é¡»"
+"ææéï¼åºçåä¸ç´å¸ææ们å¿æè¿äºã"
+
+#. type: Content of: <dl><dd><p>
+msgid ""
+"Here we have an idea of copyright which is an industrial regulation on "
+"publishers, controlled by authors, and designed to provide benefits to the "
+"public at large. It functioned this way because it didn't restrict the "
+"readers."
+msgstr ""
+"èªæ¤ï¼æ们çç念æ¯çæä½ä¸ºä¸ä¸ªé对åºçåçè¡ä¸è§èï¼å®ç±ä½è
æ§å¶ï¼å¹¶è®¾è®¡æ为"
+"大ä¼è°ç¦å©ççæãå®è¿æ ·è¿ä½æ¯å 为è¿æ ·æ²¡æéå¶è¯»è
ã"
+
+#. type: Content of: <dl><dd><p>
+msgid ""
+"Now in the early centuries of printing, and still I believe in the 1790s, "
+"lots of readers wrote copies by hand because they couldn't afford printed "
+"copies. Nobody ever expected copyright law to be something other than an "
+"industrial regulation. It wasn't meant to stop people from writing copies, "
+"it was meant to regulate the publishers. Because of this it was easy to "
+"enforce, uncontroversial, and arguably beneficial for society."
+msgstr ""
+"å¨æå°å·çæåå 个ä¸çºªï¼æ确信è¿æ¯å¨åå
«ä¸çºªä¹å年代ï¼è®¸å¤è¯»è
ä»ç¶æåå¤å¶ï¼"
+"å
为ä»ä»¬è¿ä¹°ä¸èµ·å°å·æ¬ã没æ人ä¼è§å¾çææ³ä¸æ¯ä¸ä¸ªè¡ä¸è§èãå®ä¸æ¯ç¨æ¥éå¶äºº"
+"们æåå¤å¶çï¼å®æ¯æ¥è§èåºçåçãå
æ¤ï¼å®å®¹ææ§è¡ï¼ä¹ä¸èªç¸çç¾ï¼ä¹ä¼¼ä¹ä½¿ç¤¾"
+"ä¼åçã"
+
+#. type: Content of: <dl><dd><p>
+msgid ""
+"It was easy to enforce, because it only had to be enforced against "
+"publishers. And it's easy to find the unauthorized publishers of a "
+"book—you go to a bookstore and say “where do these copies come "
+"from?”. You don't have to invade everybody's home and everybody's "
+"computer to do that."
+msgstr ""
+"å
为æ§æ³åªéè¦é对åºçåï¼æ以çææ³å®¹ææ§è¡ãèä¸æ¾å°æªææçåºçåä¹å®¹æ"
+"——ä½
å°ä¹¦åºè¯´“è¿äºå¯æ¬æ¯åªéæ¥çï¼”ãä½ æ
éæ¯å®¶æ¯æ·å°"
+"æç´¢ï¼ä¹æ éæ£æ¥æ¯ä¸ªäººççµèã"
+
+#. type: Content of: <dl><dd><p>
+msgid ""
+"It was uncontroversial because, as the readers were not restricted, they had "
+"nothing to complain about. Theoretically they were restricted from "
+"publishing, but not being publishers and not having printing presses, they "
+"couldn't do that anyway. In what they actually could do, they were not "
+"restricted."
+msgstr ""
+"说å®ä¸èªç¸çç¾æ¯å 为读è
没æ被éå¶ï¼ä»ä»¬æ²¡ä»ä¹å¯æ±æ¨ãç论ä¸ï¼è¯»è
ä¸è½åºçï¼"
+"ä½æ¯ä»ä»¬æ¢ä¸æ¯åºçåï¼ä¹æ²¡æåºçç设å¤ï¼åæ£ä»ä»¬ä¹æ²¡æ³åºçã就读è
å¯ä½çäºæ
"
+"æ¥è¯´ï¼ä»ä»¬æ²¡æ被éå¶ã"
+
+#. type: Content of: <dl><dd><p>
+msgid ""
+"It was arguably beneficial because the general public, according to the "
+"concepts of copyright law, traded away a theoretical right they were not in "
+"a position to exercise. In exchange, they got the benefits of more writing."
+msgstr ""
+"说å®ä¼¼ä¹ä½¿ç¤¾ä¼åçæ¯å ä¸ºæ ¹æ®çææ³çæ¦å¿µï¼å
¬ä¼äº¤ææäºä¸ä¸ªä¸è½å®æ½çãç论ä¸"
+"çæå©ãä½ä¸ºåæ¥ï¼ä»ä»¬è·å¾äºä¼ææ´å¤äººåä½ç好å¤ã"
+
+#. type: Content of: <dl><dd><p>
+msgid ""
+"Now if you trade away something you have no possible use for, and you get "
+"something you can use in exchange, it's a positive trade. Whether or not "
+"you could have gotten a better deal some other way, that's a different "
+"question, but at least it's positive."
+msgstr ""
+"å¦æä½ äº¤ææä¸äºä½ æ æ³ä½¿ç¨çä¸è¥¿ï¼èè·å¾ä¸äºä½
å¯ä»¥ä½¿ç¨çä¸è¥¿ï¼è¿ä¸ªäº¤ææ¯æ£å"
+"çãä½
æ¯å¦è¿è½è·å¾æ´å¥½ç交æï¼é£æ¯ä¸åçé®é¢ï¼ä½æ¯è³å°è¿ä¸ªäº¤æ让æ们èµäºã"
+
+#. type: Content of: <dl><dd><p>
+msgid ""
+"So if this were still in the age of the printing press, I don't think I'd be "
+"complaining about copyright law. But the age of the printing press is "
+"gradually giving way to the age of the computer networks—another "
+"advance in copying technology that makes copying more efficient, and once "
+"again not uniformly so."
+msgstr ""
+"å
æ¤ï¼å¦æè¿æ¯å¨å°å·æ¶ä»£ï¼é£ä¹æè§å¾æä¹ä¸ä¼å¨è¿éæ±æ¨çææ³ãä½æ¯å°å·æ¶ä»£å·²"
+"ç»æ¸æ¸è®©ä½ç»è®¡ç®æºç½ç»æ¶ä»£——å¤å¶ææ¯çå¦ä¸ä¸ªè¿æ¥ï¼å®è®©å¤å¶æ´æ"
+"æï¼èä¸åä¸æ¬¡ä¸æ¯é£ä¹ä¸è´ã"
+
+#. type: Content of: <dl><dd><p>
+msgid ""
+"Here's what we had in the age of the printing press: mass production very "
+"efficient, one at a time copying still just as slow as the ancient world. "
+"Digital technology gets us here: they've both benefited, but one-off copying "
+"has benefited the most."
+msgstr ""
+"æ们å¨å°å·æ¶ä»£æçæ¯ï¼é常é«æç大è§æ¨¡ç产ï¼ä½ä¸æ¬¡ä¸ä¸ªçå¤å¶è¿æ¯åå¤ä»£ä¸æ
·ç¼"
+"æ
¢ãæ°åææ¯æ¶ä»£å¸¦æ¥ï¼ç产åå¤å¶é½è·çï¼ä½ä¸æ¬¡æ§å¤å¶è·çæ大ã"
+
+#. type: Content of: <dl><dd><p>
+msgid ""
+"We get to a situation much more like the ancient world, where one at a time "
+"copying is not so much worse [i.e., harder] than mass production copying. "
+"It's a little bit less efficient, a little bit less good, but it's perfectly "
+"cheap enough that hundreds of millions of people do it. Consider how many "
+"people write CDs once in a while, even in poor countries. You may not have "
+"a CD-writer yourself, so you go to a store where you can do it."
+msgstr ""
+"æ们åå°äºä¸ä¸ªé常象å¤ä»£çæ
å½¢ï¼ä¸æ¬¡ä¸ä¸ªçå¤å¶åè§æ¨¡å¤å¶ç¸æ¯å·®ä¸å¤[ä¹å¯ä»¥è¯´,"
+"ä¸æ¯æ´é¾]ãä¸æ¬¡ä¸ä¸ªçå¤å¶æçä½ä¸äºãè´¨éå·®ä¸äºï¼ä½æ¯å®è¶³å¤ä¾¿å®ï¼å¹¿å¤§ç¾¤ä¼é½å¯"
+"è¿è¡å¤å¶ãæ³ä¸æ³ï¼å³ä½¿æ¯å¨è´«ç©·çå½å®¶ï¼è¿ä¼å¿ä¼æå¤å°äººå¨å»å½
CD ç¢çãä½ ä¹è®¸"
+"èªå·±æ²¡æå»å½æºï¼ä½æ¯ä½ å¯ä»¥å°ååºå»å»å½ã"
+
+#. type: Content of: <dl><dd><p>
+msgid ""
+"This means that copyright no longer fits in with the technology as it used "
+"to. Even if the words of copyright law had not changed, they wouldn't have "
+"the same effect. Instead of an industrial regulation on publishers "
+"controlled by authors, with the benefits set up to go to the public, it is "
+"now a restriction on the general public, controlled mainly by the "
+"publishers, in the name of the authors."
+msgstr ""
+"è¿æå³ççæä¸å象以åé£æ
·éåæ°ææ¯ãå³ä½¿çææ³çåå没ææ¹åï¼å®ä»¬ä¹ä¸åä¼"
+"æåæ ·çææäºãä¸åæ¯ä¸ä¸ªç±ä½è
æ§å¶çåºçè¡ä¸çè§èï¼ä¹ä¸å为å
¬ä¼è°ç¦å©ï¼ç"
+"æç°å¨æäºå¯¹å
¬ä¼çéå¶ï¼å®ä¸»è¦ç±åºçåæ§å¶ï¼èä¸æ¯ä»¥ä½è
çåä¹æ§å¶ã"
+
+#. type: Content of: <dl><dd><p>
+msgid ""
+"In other words, it's tyranny. It's intolerable and we can't allow it to "
+"continue this way."
+msgstr "æ¢å¥è¯è¯´ï¼å®ç°å¨æ¯æ´åãè¿æ¯æ
æ³å®¹å¿çï¼æ们ä¸è½åè¿æ ·ä¸å»ã"
+
+#. type: Content of: <dl><dd><p>
+msgid ""
+"As a result of this change, [copyright] is no longer easy to enforce, no "
+"longer uncontroversial, and no longer beneficial."
+msgstr
"è¿ä¸ªååçç»æå°±æ¯ï¼[çæ]ä¸å容æå®æ½ï¼ä¸åæçï¼èä¸èªç¸çç¾ã"
+
+#. type: Content of: <dl><dd><p>
+msgid ""
+"It's no longer easy to enforce because now the publishers want to enforce it "
+"against each and every person, and to do this requires cruel measures, "
+"draconian punishments, invasions of privacy, abolition of our basic ideas of "
+"justice. There's almost no limit to how far they will propose to go to "
+"prosecute the War on Sharing."
+msgstr ""
+"ä¸å®¹æå®æ½æ¯å
为åºçåè¦å¯¹æ¯ä¸ªä¸ªäººè¿è¡æ§æ³ï¼è¿å°±è¦æ±æ®é
·çæ段ã严èçæ©ç½ã"
+"对éç§çä¾µç¯ï¼å¹¶ä¸è¦åºé¤æ£ä¹çåºæ¬ç念ãä»ä»¬è¿½ç©¶å享çæäºå
ä¹ä¸ä¼æé度ã"
+
+#. type: Content of: <dl><dd><p>
+msgid ""
+"It's no longer uncontroversial. There are political parties in several "
+"countries whose basic platform is “freedom to share”."
+msgstr ""
+"å®èªç¸çç¾ã好å 个å½å®¶é½æ以 “èªç±å享”
å为åºç¡å¹³å°çæ¿æ²»å
æ´¾ã"
+
+#. type: Content of: <dl><dd><p>
+msgid ""
+"It's no longer beneficial because the freedoms that we conceptually traded "
+"away (because we couldn't exercise them), we now can exercise. They're "
+"tremendously useful, and we want to exercise them."
+msgstr ""
+"å®ä¸åæçæ¯å
为æ们è¿å»äº¤ææçèªç±ï¼é£æ¶ä¸è½å®æ½ï¼ï¼æ们ç°å¨å¯ä»¥å®æ½äºãè¿"
+"äºèªç±ç°å¨é常æç¨ï¼èä¸æ们ç°å¨è¦å®æ½è¿äºèªç±äºã"
+
+#. type: Content of: <dl><dd><p>
+msgid "What would a democratic government do in this situation?"
+msgstr "ä¸ä¸ªæ°ä¸»å½å®¶æ¤å»åºè¯¥æä¹åå¢ï¼"
+
+#. type: Content of: <dl><dd><p>
+msgid ""
+"It would reduce copyright power. It would say: “The trade we made on "
+"behalf of our citizens, trading away some of their freedom which now they "
+"need, is intolerable. We have to change this; we can't trade away the "
+"freedom that is important.” We can measure the sickness of democracy "
+"by the tendency of governments to do the exact opposite around the world, "
+"extending copyright power when they should reduce it."
+msgstr ""
+"å®ä¼åå°çæçæåãå®ä¼è¯´ï¼“æ们è¿å»ä¸ºå
¬æ°åç交æââ交ææä¸äºèªç±ï¼ç°"
+"å¨äººä»¬éè¦è¿äºèªç±äºââåå¾æ
æ³å¿åãæ们è¦æ¹åï¼æ们ä¸è½å交æè¿äºéè¦çèª"
+"ç±ã”æ们å¯ä»¥éè¿æµéå个æ¿åºå¯¹è¿äºçæ¨å¨åæ¥å¤æå
¶æ°ä¸»çç¨åº¦ï¼å¦æ该å"
+"å°çæçæåæ¶ï¼æ¿åºè¿å¨å 强ï¼é£ä¹å
¶æ°ä¸»ç¨åº¦å¯æ³èç¥ã"
+
+#. type: Content of: <dl><dd><p>
+msgid ""
+"One example is in the dimension of time. Around the world we see pressure "
+"to make copyright last longer and longer and longer."
+msgstr
"ä¸ä¸ªä¾åå°±æ¯æ¶é´ç»´åº¦ãä»ä¸çèå´æ¥çï¼çæä¸ç´åå¾è¶æ¥è¶é¿ã"
+
+#. type: Content of: <dl><dd><p>
+msgid ""
+"A wave of this started in the US in 1998. Copyright was extended by 20 "
+"years on both past and future works. I do not understand how they hope to "
+"convince the now dead or senile writers of the 20s and 30s to write more "
+"back then by extending copyright on their works now. If they have a time "
+"machine with which to inform them, they haven't used it. Our history books "
+"don't say that there was a burst of vigor in the arts in the 20s when all "
+"the artists found out that their copyrights would be extended in 1998."
+msgstr ""
+"è¿ä¸ªè¶å¿å§äº 1998
å¹´çç¾å½ãçæå½æ¶å¯¹è¿å»åæªæ¥çä½åé½å»¶é¿äº 20
å¹´ãææ æ³"
+"ç解ä»ä»¬æä¹ä¼å¸æ延é¿çæè½å¤é¼å±ç°å¨å·²ç»å»ä¸æå¹´è¿çäºä¸å年代çä½å®¶å¨è¿å»"
+"è½å¤å¤åä¸äºä½åãå¦æä»ä»¬æä¸ä¸ªæ¶é´æºå¨å¯ä»¥éç¥è¿å»ç人ï¼é£ä¹ä»ä»¬ä¹æ²¡æç¨"
+"ä¸ãåå²å¹¶æ²¡æè®°è½½ 20 年代çä½å®¶ç±äºç¥éäº 1998
å¹´çæä¼å»¶é¿èå¼å§äºåä½å¤§ç"
+"åã"
+
+#. type: Content of: <dl><dd><p>
+msgid ""
+"It's theoretically conceivable that 20 years more copyright on future works "
+"would convince people to make more effort in producing those works. But not "
+"anyone rational, because the discounted present value of 20 more years of "
+"copyright starting 75 years in the future—if it's a work made for "
+"hire—and probably even longer if it's a work with an individual "
+"copyright holder, is so small it couldn't persuade any rational person to do "
+"anything different. Any business that wants to claim otherwise ought to "
+"present its projected balance sheets for 75 years in the future, which of "
+"course they can't do because none of them really looks that far ahead."
+msgstr ""
+"对æªæ¥ä½åå»¶é¿ 20
å¹´çæç论ä¸æé¼å±äººä»¬æ´æ¿æè±åæ°åä½çä½ç¨ãä½æ¯å¯¹çæ§ç"
+"人ä¸æ¯è¿æ ·çï¼å 为 75 å¹´ä¹ååå»¶é¿ 20
年对ç°å¨æ²¡æ太大价弗—å¦æ"
+"ä½åæ¯èå¡èè´£——èå¦ææ¯ä¸ªäººçæææï¼é£å¯è½åºè¯¥æ´é¿ä¸äºï¼20
å¹´ä¸"
+"足以让ä¸ä¸ªçæ§ç人åå¾æä»ä¹ä¸åãæä¸åæè§ççæ人åºè¯¥æ¿åºå
¶å°æ¥ 75 å¹´çé¢"
+"计èµäº§è´è´£è¡¨ï¼æ¾ç¶ä»ä»¬æ¿ä¸åºæ¥ï¼å
为没人ä¼æ³é£ä¹é¥è¿çäºã"
+
+#. type: Content of: <dl><dd><p>
+msgid ""
+"The real reason for this law, the desire that prompted various companies to "
+"purchase this law in the US Congress, which is how laws are decided on for "
+"the most part, was they had lucrative monopolies and they wanted those "
+"monopolies to continue."
+msgstr ""
+"è¿é¡¹æ³å¾ççæ£åå 以åä¿ä½¿å个å
¬å¸å°ç¾å½å½ä¼é¼å¨è¿é¡¹æ³å¾çå¨æºââè¿ä¹æ¯ç¾å½å¤§"
+"å¤æ°æ³å¾è¢«å³å®çæ¹å¼ââå°±æ¯è¿äºå
¬å¸æåææ´å©ï¼èä»ä»¬æ³ç»§ç»è¿ç§åæã"
+
+#. type: Content of: <dl><dd><p>
+msgid ""
+"For instance, Disney was aware that the first film in which Mickey Mouse "
+"appeared would go into the public domain in a few years, and then anybody "
+"would be free to draw that same character as part of other works. Disney "
+"didn't want that to happen. Disney borrows a lot from the public domain, "
+"but is determined never to give the slightest thing back. So Disney paid "
+"for this law, which we refer to as the Mickey Mouse Copyright Act."
+msgstr ""
+"举个ä¾åï¼è¿ªå£«å°¼ç¥éç±³èé¼ åºç°çé¦é¨çµå½±å å¹´ä¹å
å°±ä¼è¿å
¥å
¬æé¢åï¼é£æ¶ä»»ä½äºº"
+"é½å¯ä»¥å¨èªå·±çä½åéç»ä¸åæ ·ç形象ã迪士尼ä¸å¸æè¿æ
·çäºæ
åºç°ãè½ç¶è¿ªå£«å°¼ä»"
+"å
¬æé¢ååé´äºå¤§éçä¸è¥¿ï¼ä½æ¯å®ä¸æ¯«ä¸èèç»äºå
¬æé¢åäºé¡»åæ¥ãå æ¤è¿ªå£«å°¼è±"
+"é±æ¯æä¸é¢çæ³å¾ï¼æ们称ä¹ä¸ºç±³èé¼ çææ¡ä¾ã"
+
+#. type: Content of: <dl><dd><p>
+msgid ""
+"The movie companies say they want perpetual copyright, but the US "
+"Constitution won't let them get that officially. So they came up with a way "
+"to get the same result unofficially: “perpetual copyright on the "
+"installment plan”. Every 20 years they extend copyright for 20 more "
+"years. So that at any given time, any given work has a date when it will "
+"supposedly fall into the public domain. But that date is like tomorrow, it "
+"never comes. By the time you get there they will have postponed it, unless "
+"we stop them next time."
+msgstr ""
+"çµå½±å
¬å¸è¯´ä»ä»¬æ³è¦æ°¸ä¹
çæï¼ä½æ¯ç¾å½å®ªæ³ä¸å
许ä»ä»¬æ£å¼æ¥æé£æ ·çæå©ãå æ¤ä»"
+"们æ¾å°äºä¸æ¡å¦å¤çéå¾æ¥éæ£å¼å°é£ä¹å３永ä¹
çæçå®æ½è®¡å”ãæ¯"
+"é 20 å¹´ ä»ä»¬å°±æçæåå»¶é¿ 20 å¹´ãè¿æ
·ï¼ä»»ä½æ¶é´ç¹ãä»»ä½ä½åé½ä¼æä¸ä¸ªå°ä¼è¿"
+"å
¥å
¬æé¢åçæ¥æãä½æ¯è¿ä¸ªæ¥æ就象æ¯æ天ï¼æ°¸è¿ä¹ä¸ä¼å°æ¥ãå½è¿ä¸ªæ¥æå¿«å°æ¶ï¼"
+"ä»ä»¬å°±ä¼æ¨è¿å®ï¼é¤éæ们é»æ¢å®ã"
+
+#. type: Content of: <dl><dd><p>
+msgid ""
+"That's one dimension, the dimension of duration. But even more important is "
+"the dimension of breadth: which uses of the work does copyright cover?"
+msgstr ""
+"è¿å°±æ¯æéè¿ä¸ªç»´åº¦ãä½æ¯è¿æä¸ä¸ªæ´éè¦ç宽度维度ï¼çæåºè¯¥è¦çææ
·ç使ç¨è"
+"å´ï¼"
+
+#. type: Content of: <dl><dd><p>
+msgid ""
+"In the age of the printing press, copyright wasn't supposed to cover all "
+"uses of a copyrighted work, because copyright regulated certain uses that "
+"were the exceptions in a broader space of unregulated uses. There were "
+"certain things you were simply allowed to do with your copy of a book."
+msgstr ""
+"å¨å°å·æ¶ä»£ï¼çæ并ä¸è¦çä½åçææ使ç¨èå´ï¼å
为çæè§èçæ¯é常è§ä½¿ç¨çæäº"
+"ä¾å¤ãä½ å¯¹ä¸æ¬ä¹¦çå¾å¤ä½¿ç¨è¿æ¯è¢«ç´æ¥å
许çã"
+
+#. type: Content of: <dl><dd><p>
+msgid ""
+"Now the publishers have got the idea that they can turn our computers "
+"against us, and use them to seize total power over all use of published "
+"works. They want to set up a pay-per-view universe. They're doing it with "
+"DRM (Digital Restrictions Management)—the intentional features of "
+"software that's designed to restrict the user. And often the computer "
+"itself is designed to restrict the user."
+msgstr ""
+"ç°å¨ï¼åºçåæ³ç¨æ们ççµèæ¥å¯¹ä»æ们ï¼èä¸è¦ä½¿ç¨å®ä»¬æ¥è·å¾å¯¹å·²åºçä½åçå
¨é¢"
+"æ§å¶ãä»ä»¬æ³è¦çæ¯æ¯æ¬¡ç书é½è¦ä»è´¹çä¸çãä»ä»¬ä½¿ç¨çæ¹æ³æ¯
DRMï¼æ°åéå¶ç®¡"
+"çï¼——设计ç®çå°±æ¯è¦éå¶ç¨æ·ç软件åè½ãèçµèæ¬èº«ä¹æ¯å¸¸å¸¸è¢«è®¾è®¡"
+"æéå¶ç¨æ·çã"
+
+#. type: Content of: <dl><dd><p>
+msgid ""
+"The first way in which the general public saw this was in DVDs. A movie on "
+"a DVD was usually encrypted, and the format was secret. The DVD conspiracy "
+"kept this secret because they said anyone that wants to make DVD players has "
+"to join the conspiracy, promise to keep the format secret, and promise to "
+"design the DVD players to restrict the users according to the rules, which "
+"say it has to stop the user from doing this, from doing that, from doing "
+"that—a precise set of requirements, all of which are malicious towards "
+"us."
+msgstr ""
+"å
¬ä¼ç¬¬ä¸æ¬¡çå°è¿ç§äºåºè¯¥æ¯ DVDãçµå½±ç DVD çé常æ¯å
å¯çï¼èå
¶æ ¼å¼æ¾æ¯ä¸ªç§"
+"å¯ãDVD é´è°å¢ä¼ä¿å®çè¿ä¸ªç§å¯ï¼å 为ä»ä»¬è¯´æ³è¦å¶é DVD
ææ¾å¨ç人ä¹è¦å å
¥ä»ä»¬"
+"并ä¿å®ç§å¯ï¼èä¸è¦æç
§è§ç©å¶é éå¶ç¨æ·ç DVD
ææ¾å¨ï¼é²æ¢ç¨æ·å¹²è¿å¹²é£—"
+"—æä¸ç³»åç²¾åçè¦æ±ï¼å
¨é¨é½æ¯å¯¹ç¨æ·ææ¶æçåè½ã"
+
+#. type: Content of: <dl><dd><p>
+msgid ""
+"It worked for a while, but then some people figured out the secret format, "
+"and published free software capable of reading the movie on a DVD and "
+"playing it. Then the publishers said “since we can't actually stop "
+"them, we have to make it a crime”. And they started that in the US in "
+"1998 with the Digital Millennium Copyright Act, which imposed censorship on "
+"software capable of doing such jobs."
+msgstr ""
+"è¿ä¸ªæ¹å¼è¿è¡äºä¸æ®µæ¶é´ï¼ç¶åæ人ææç½äºç§å¯æ
¼å¼å¹¶åå¸äºè½å¤ææ¾ DVD çµå½±çèª"
+"ç±è½¯ä»¶ãç¶ååºçå就说“ç±äºå®é
ä¸æ们ä¸è½é»æ¢äººä»¬è¿æ ·åï¼å æ¤æ们è¦è®©è¿"
+"ä¹ååæç¯ç½ªè¡ä¸º”ãç¶åä»ä»¬äº 1998
å¹´å¨ç¾å½å¼å§äºæ°åå禧çææ³ï¼å°±æ¯è¦"
+"对è¿äºè½¯ä»¶å¼ºå 审æ¥ã"
+
+#. type: Content of: <dl><dd><p>
+msgid ""
+"So that particular piece of free software was the subject of a court case. "
+"Its distribution in the US is forbidden; the US practices censorship of "
+"software."
+msgstr ""
+"å æ¤ï¼ææ¾ DVD
çèªç±è½¯ä»¶æäºæ³åºæ¡ä¾ãå®è¢«ç¦æ¢å¨ç¾å½åå¸ï¼ç¾å½å¯¹è¯¥è½¯ä»¶è¿è¡äº"
+"审æ¥ã"
+
+#. type: Content of: <dl><dd><p>
+msgid ""
+"The movie companies are well aware that they can't really make that program "
+"disappear—it's easy enough to find it. So they designed another "
+"encryption system, which they hoped would be harder to break, and it's "
+"called AACS, or the axe."
+msgstr ""
+"çµå½±å
¬å¸é常æ¸
æ¥ä»ä»¬æ æ³çæ£æ
¹é¤è¿ä¸ªç¨åº——å®å¾å®¹ææ¾å°ãå æ¤ï¼ä»"
+"们å设计äºå¦ä¸ç§å å¯ç³»ç»ï¼ä»ä»¬å¸æè¿æ¬¡æ´é¾ç
´è§£ï¼è¿å°±æ¯ AACS æè
å« axeã"
+
+#. type: Content of: <dl><dd><p>
+msgid ""
+"The AACS conspiracy makes precise rules about all players. For instance, in "
+"2011 it's going to be forbidden to make analog video outputs. So all video "
+"outputs will have to be digital, and they will carry the signal encrypted "
+"into a monitor specially designed to keep secrets from the user. That is "
+"malicious hardware. They say that the purpose of this is to “close "
+"the analog hole”. I'll show you a couple of analog holes (Stallman "
+"takes off his glasses): here's one and here's another, that they'd like to "
+"poke out permanently.<a href=\"#footnote1\">[1]</a>"
+msgstr ""
+"AACS é´è°éå¢å¯¹ææ¾å¨åæåºäºç²¾åçéæ±ãä¾å¦ï¼å° 2011
å¹´å°ç¦æ¢ç产è¾åºæ¨¡æè§"
+"é¢çææ¾å¨ãå
æ¤ï¼ææè§é¢è¾åºé½å°æ¯æ°åä¿¡å·ï¼èæ°åè§é¢ä¿¡å·ä¼å
å¯è¾å
¥å°å¯å¶"
+"çç¨æ·æ¾ç¤ºå¨ãè¿æ¯ä¸ç§æ¶æ硬件ãä»ä»¬è¯´ç®çæ¯ä¸ºäº“é²æ¢æ¨¡ææ¼æ´”ã"
+"æç»ä½ 们çç两个模ææ¼æ´ï¼Stallman
æä¸ç¼éï¼ï¼è¿éä¸ä¸ªï¼è¿éè¿æä¸ä¸ªï¼ä¸¤ä¸ªç¼"
+"éçï¼ï¼ä»ä»¬æ³æ°¸è¿æè¿ä¸¤ä¸ªæ´æ¡èµ·æ¥ã<a
href=\"#footnote1\">[1]</a>"
+
+#. type: Content of: <dl><dd><p>
+msgid ""
+"How do I know about these conspiracies? The reason is they're not "
+"secret—they have websites. The AACS website proudly describes the "
+"contracts that manufacturers have to sign, which is how I know about this "
+"requirement. It proudly states the names of the companies that have "
+"established this conspiracy, which include Microsoft and Apple, and Intel, "
+"and Sony, and Disney, and IBM."
+msgstr ""
+"ææ¯æä¹ç¥éè¿äºé´è°å¢ä½çå¢ï¼åå
å°±æ¯ä»ä»¬å¹¶ä¸æ¯ç§å¯——ä»ä»¬æç½"
+"ç«ãAACS çç½ç«è¿èªè±ªå°å±ç¤ºçå¶é
åéè¦ç¾è®¢çååï¼æå°±æ¯ä»è¿éç¥éä»ä»¬çè¦æ±"
+"çãå®è¿èªè±ªå°å±ç¤ºäºå建该é´è°å¢ä½çå
¬å¸ï¼å
æ¬
MicrosoftãAppleãIntelã"
+"SonyãDisney å IBMã"
+
+#. type: Content of: <dl><dd><p>
+msgid ""
+"A conspiracy of companies designed to restrict the public's access to "
+"technology ought to be prosecuted as a serious crime, like a conspiracy to "
+"fix prices, except it's worse, so the prison sentences for this should be "
+"longer. But these companies are quite confident that our governments are on "
+"their side against us. They have no fear against being prosecuted for these "
+"conspiracies, which is why they don't bother to hide them."
+msgstr ""
+"ä¸ä¸ªç±å
¬å¸ç»æçé´è°å¢ä½ï¼å
¶ç®çæ¯è¦éå¶å
¬ä¼å¯¹ææ¯çææ¡ï¼è¿ä¸ªå¢ä½åºè¯¥ä½ä¸ºä¸¥"
+"éç¯ç½ªè¢«èµ·è¯ï¼å°±å欺è¡é¸å¸ç帮ä¼ä¸æ ·ï¼åªæ¯è¿æ
·çå¢ä½æ´æ¶å£ï¼å æ¤åæåºè¯¥æ´"
+"é¿ãä¸è¿è¿äºå
¬å¸è¿æ¯ç¸å½èªä¿¡ï¼è®¤ä¸ºæ¿åºæ¯åä»ä»¬æ¯ä¸è·¯çãä»ä»¬ä¸æ¯«ä¸å®³æä¼å
为"
+"è¿äºé´è°è¢«èµ·è¯ï¼è¿ä¹æ¯ä»ä»¬æ¢æé´è°äº®åºæ¥çåå ã"
+
+#. type: Content of: <dl><dd><p>
+msgid ""
+"In general DRM is set up by a conspiracy of companies. Once in a while a "
+"single company can do it, but generally it requires a conspiracy between "
+"technology companies and publishers, so [it's] almost always a conspiracy."
+msgstr ""
+"ä¸è¬æ¥è¯´ï¼DRM æ¯ç±ä¸ä¸ªç±å
¬å¸ææçé´è°å¢ä¼æçãææ¶ï¼å个å
¬å¸ä¹è½æä½ï¼ä½æ¯"
+"é常 DRM è¦æ±ä»ææ¯å°åºçåçå
¬å¸å¢ä¼ï¼å æ¤[å®]å
ä¹æ»æ¯ä¸ä¸ªé´è°å¢ä¼ã"
+
+#. type: Content of: <dl><dd><p>
+msgid ""
+"They thought that nobody would ever be able to break the AACS, but about "
+"three and a half years ago someone released a free program capable of "
+"decrypting that format. However, it was totally useless, because in order "
+"to run it you need to know the key."
+msgstr ""
+"ä»ä»¬è§å¾æ°¸è¿ä¹ä¸ä¼æ人è½å¤ç ´è§£
AACSï¼ä½æ¯å¤§çº¦ä¸å¹´åä¹åï¼æ人åå¸äºå¯ä»¥è§£å¯ "
+"AACS çèªç±è½¯ä»¶ãä¸è¿ï¼è¿ä¸ªè½¯ä»¶å®å
¨æ²¡ç¨ï¼å
为è¿è¡å®è¿éè¦ç¥éå¯é¥ã"
+
+#. type: Content of: <dl><dd><p>
+msgid ""
+"And then, six months later, I saw a photo of two adorable puppies, with 32 "
+"hex digits above them, and I wondered: “Why put those two things "
+"together? I wonder if those numbers are some important key, and someone "
+"could have put the numbers together with the puppies, figuring people would "
+"copy the photo of the puppies because they were so cute. This would protect "
+"the key from being wiped out.”"
+msgstr ""
+"ç¶åï¼å
个æä¹åï¼æçå°ä¸¤ä¸ªå¯ç±å°ççç
§çï¼ä¸é¢åç 32 个åå
è¿å¶æ°åï¼æå¨"
+"æ³ï¼“为ä»ä¹æè¿ä¸¤ä¸ªä¸è¥¿æ¾å¨ä¸èµ·å¢ï¼æçæµè¿äºæ°åæ¯ä¸äºéè¦çå¯é¥ï¼èæ"
+"人è¦æå®åå°çæ¾å¨ä¸èµ·ï¼äººä»¬å¯è½ä¼å¤å¶è¿å¼
å¯ç±å°ççç
§çãè¿æ ·å°±ä¼ä¿æ¤è¿äºå¯"
+"é¥ä¸ä¼è¢«æ¹å»ã”"
+
+#. type: Content of: <dl><dd><p>
+msgid ""
+"And that's what it was—that was the key to break the axe. People "
+"posted it, and editors deleted it, because laws in many countries now "
+"conscript them to censor this information. It was posted again, they "
+"deleted it; eventually they gave up, and in two weeks this number was posted "
+"in over 700,000 web sites."
+msgstr ""
+"è¿å°±æ¯å¯é¥——ç ´è§£ axe
çå¯é¥ã人们æå®è´´åºæ¥ï¼ç¼è¾æå®å æï¼å 为许"
+"å¤å½å®¶çæ³å¾å¼ºå¶ä»ä»¬è¦å®¡æ¥æ¤ä¿¡æ¯ã人们åæå®è´´åºæ¥ï¼ç¼è¾åå
é¤ï¼æåç¼è¾æ¾å¼"
+"äºï¼ä¸¤å¨ä¹å
ï¼è¿ä¸ªæ°å被贴å°è¶
è¿ 700,000 个ç½ç«ã"
+
+#. type: Content of: <dl><dd><p>
+msgid ""
+"That's a big outpouring of public disgust with DRM. But it didn't win the "
+"war, because the publishers changed the key. Not only that: with HD DVD, "
+"this was adequate to break the DRM, but not with Blu-ray. Blu-ray has an "
+"additional level of DRM and so far there is no free software that can break "
+"it, which means that you must regard Blu-ray disks as something incompatible "
+"with your own freedom. They are an enemy with which no accommodation is "
+"possible, at least not with our present level of knowledge."
+msgstr ""
+"è¿æ¯äººä»¬å¨åæ³å¯¹ DRM
çä¸æ»¡ãä½æ¯è¿å¹¶ä¸æ¯æäºçèå©ï¼å 为åºçåæ´æ¹äºå¯ç
ãä¸"
+"ä»
å¦æ¤ï¼å¯¹ HD DVD æ¥è¯´ï¼è¿ä¸ªå¯ç å¯ä»¥ç ´è§£ DRMï¼ä½æ¯å¯¹èå
ä¸è¡ãèå
带æé¢å¤ä¸"
+"å± DRMï¼ç®å为æ¢è¿æ²¡æèªç±è½¯ä»¶å¯ä»¥ç ´è§£å®ï¼è¿æå³çèå
ç¢çè¿è¦è¢«å½ä½åèªç±ä¸"
+"å
¼å®¹çä¸è¥¿ãå®ä»¬è¿æ¯ä¸è½å®¹å¿çæ人ï¼è³å°ä»¥æ们ç®åçç¥è¯æ°´å¹³è¿ä¸è¡ã"
+
+#. type: Content of: <dl><dd><p>
+msgid ""
+"Never accept any product designed to attack your freedom. If you don't have "
+"the free software to play a DVD, you mustn't buy or rent any DVDs, or accept "
+"them even as gifts, except for the rare non-encrypted DVDs, which there are "
+"a few of. I actually have a few [of these]—I don't have any encrypted "
+"DVDs, I won't take them."
+msgstr ""
+"æ°¸è¿ä¹ä¸è¦æ¥åä»»ä½ä¸ºæ»å»ä½ çèªç±è设计ç产åãå¦æä½
ä¸è½ç¨èªç±è½¯ä»¶ææ¾ DVDï¼"
+"é£ä¹å°±ä¸è¦è´ä¹°æç§ç¨ DVD
ç¢çï¼ä¹ä¸è¦æ¥åæ¤ç±»ç礼åï¼é¤éæ¯å°éçä¸å å¯ DVD "
+"ç¢çï¼å®ä»¬å¹¶ä¸å¤è§ãå®é
ä¸ï¼ææäº[è¿æ
·çç¢ç]——æ没æå å¯ç "
+"DVDï¼æä¹ä¸ä¼è¦ã"
+
+#. type: Content of: <dl><dd><p>
+msgid "So this is how things stand in video, but we've also seen DRM in music."
+msgstr "è¿å°±æ¯è§é¢å±åºç°çäºæ
ï¼ä½æ¯ DRM
å¨é³ä¹çä¹åºç°äºã"
+
+#. type: Content of: <dl><dd><p>
+msgid ""
+"For instance, about ten years ago we started to see things that looked like "
+"compact disks, but they weren't written quite like compact disks. They "
+"didn't follow the standard. We called them 'corrupt disks', and the idea of "
+"them was that they would play in an audio player, but it was impossible to "
+"read them on a computer. These different methods had various problems."
+msgstr ""
+"ä¾å¦ï¼å¤§çº¦åå¹´åï¼æ们å¼å§çå°ç±»ä¼¼ CD
çä¸è¥¿ï¼ä½æ¯å®ä»¬ä¸æ¯æç
§ CD æ ¼å¼å»å½"
+"çãå®ä»¬æ²¡ææ§è¡ CD çæ åãæ们称ä¹ä¸º 'corrupt disks'
èä¸æ¯ 'compact "
+"disks'ï¼å
¶ä¸çæè·¯æ¯å®ä»¬å¯ä»¥ç¨ææ¾å¨ææ¾ï¼ä½æ¯æ
æ³ç¨çµè读åºãè¿äºä¸æ åçæ¹"
+"æ³æ诸å¤é®é¢ã"
+
+#. type: Content of: <dl><dd><p>
+msgid ""
+"Eventually Sony came up with a clever idea. They put a program on the disk, "
+"so that if you stuck the disk into a computer, the disk would install the "
+"program. This program was designed like a virus to take control of the "
+"system. It's called a 'root kit', meaning that it has things in it to break "
+"the security of the system so that it can install the software deep inside "
+"the system, and modify various parts of the system."
+msgstr ""
+"æç»ï¼Sony
æ³å°ä¸ä¸ªé¬¼æ³¨æãä»ä»¬å¨ç¢çä¸æ¾äºä¸ä¸ªç¨åºï¼å¦æä½
æç¢çæå
¥è®¡ç®æºï¼"
+"é£ä¹ç¢çå°±ä¼å®è£
è¿ä¸ªç¨åºãè¿ä¸ªç¨åºå°±åæ¯ä¸ªç
æ¯ï¼å®ä¼æ§å¶æ´ä¸ªç³»ç»ãå®è¢«å«å "
+"'è¶
级ç¨æ·å·¥å
·ç®±'ï¼æææ¯å®è½å¤ç ´è§£å®å
¨ç³»ç»ï¼è¿æ
·å®å°±è½å¤å¨ç³»ç»æ·±å¤å®è£
软件并"
+"ä¿®æ¹ç³»ç»çåç§é¨ä»¶ã"
+
+#. type: Content of: <dl><dd><p>
+msgid ""
+"For instance, it modified the command you could use to examine the system to "
+"see if the software was present, so as to disguise itself. It modified the "
+"command you could use to delete some of these files, so that it wouldn't "
+"really delete them. Now all of this is a serious crime, but it's not the "
+"only one Sony committed, because the software also included free software "
+"code—code that had been released under the GNU General Public License."
+msgstr ""
+"ä¾å¦ï¼å®ä¼ä¿®æ¹ä½ ç¨æ¥æ¥çç³»ç»è½¯ä»¶çå½ä»¤ï¼è¿æ
·å®å°±è½å¤éèèªå·±ãå®ä¼ä¿®æ¹ä½ å é¤"
+"æäºæ件çå½ä»¤ï¼è¿æ ·å®å°±ä¸ä¼è¢«ççå
é¤ãç°å¨ï¼è¿äºé½æ¯ä¸¥éçç¯ç½ªï¼ä½ Sony 并"
+"ä¸æ¯åªç¯äºè¿ä¸ªç½ªï¼å 为è¿ä¸ªè½¯ä»¶è¿å
å«äºèªç±è½¯ä»¶ç代ç
——æç
§ GNU é"
+"ç¨å
Œ
±è®¸å¯è¯åå¸ç代ç ã"
+
+#. type: Content of: <dl><dd><p>
+msgid ""
+"Now the GNU GPL is a copyleft license, and that means it says “Yes, "
+"you're free to put this code into other things, but when you do, the entire "
+"program that you put things into you must release as free software under the "
+"same license. And you must make the source code available to users, and to "
+"inform them of their rights you must give them a copy of this license when "
+"they get the software.”"
+msgstr ""
+"GNU GPL æ¯ copyleft 许å¯è¯ï¼è¿æå³ç“æ¯çï¼ä½
æèªç±æ该代ç æ¾å°å
¶ä»å°"
+"æ¹ï¼ä½æ¯å¦æä½ é£ä¹åäºï¼å¸¦æ该代ç çæ´ä¸ªç¨åºé½å¿
é¡»æç
§åæ ·ç许å¯è¯åè¡å¹¶æ为"
+"èªç±è½¯ä»¶ãå æ¤ï¼ä½ å¿
须让ç¨æ·å¯ä»¥å¾å°æºä»£ç
ï¼å¹¶ä¸åè¯ç¨æ·çæå©å¹¶å¨ä»ä»¬æ¿å°è½¯"
+"件æ¶ç»ä»ä»¬ä¸ä»½è®¸å¯è¯çå¯æ¬ã”"
+
+#. type: Content of: <dl><dd><p>
+msgid ""
+"Sony didn't comply with all that. That's commercial copyright infringement, "
+"which is a felony. They're both felonies, but Sony wasn't prosecuted "
+"because the government understands that the purpose of the government and "
+"the law is to maintain the power of those companies over us, not to help "
+"defend our freedom in any way."
+msgstr ""
+"Sony
并没æéµå®è¿äºãè¿æ¯å¯¹åä¸çæçä¾µç¯ï¼æ¯é罪ãSony
ç¯ç两个罪é½æ¯é罪ï¼"
+"ä½æ¯å®å¹¶æ²¡æ被起è¯ï¼å
为æ¿åºç¥éèªå·±åæ³å¾çç®çå°±æ¯ç»´æ¤è¿äºå
¬å¸çæåï¼èä¸"
+"æ¯ä¿æ¤æ们çèªç±ã"
+
+#. type: Content of: <dl><dd><p>
+msgid ""
+"People got angry and they sued Sony. However, they made a mistake. They "
+"focused their condemnation not on the evil purpose of this scheme, but only "
+"on the secondary evils of the various methods that Sony used. So Sony "
+"settled the lawsuits and promised that in the future, when it attacks our "
+"freedom, it will not do those other things."
+msgstr ""
+"人们æ¤æäºå¹¶èµ·è¯ Sonyãä¸è¿ï¼ä»ä»¬ç¯äºä¸ªé误ãä»ä»¬çå
³æ³¨ç¹ä¸æ¯è°´è´£è¿ç§æ¶æè¡ä¸º"
+"çç®çï¼èåªæ¯é£äºæ¬¡è¦çãSony 使ç¨çæ¶ææ段ãå
æ¤ï¼Sony å解äºè¿äºè¯è®¼å¹¶ä¿"
+"è¯å¨å°æ¥ââä»ä»¬åæ»å»èªç±æ¶ââä¸å使ç¨è¿äºæ段ã"
+
+#. type: Content of: <dl><dd><p>
+msgid ""
+"Actually, that particular corrupt disk scheme was not so bad, because if you "
+"were not using Windows it would not affect you at all. Even if you were "
+"using Windows, there's a key on the keyboard—if you remembered every "
+"time to hold it down, then the disk wouldn't install the software. But of "
+"course it's hard to remember that every time; you're going to slip up some "
+"day. This shows the kind of thing we've had to deal with."
+msgstr ""
+"å®é
ä¸ï¼é£ä¸ª corrupt disk çæ¹æ¡å¹¶ä¸ç®åï¼å 为å¦æä½
使ç¨çä¸æ¯ Windows ç³»ç»ï¼"
+"å®å°±æ ¹æ¬æ²¡æç¨ãå³ä½¿ä½ 使ç¨çæ¯ Windows
ç³»ç»ï¼é®çä¸æ个æé®——å¦æ"
+"ä½ æ¯æ¬¡é½è®°å¾æä½å®ï¼é£ä¹é£å¼ ç¢çå°±ä¸ä¼å®è£
软件ãä½æ¯ç±äºè¦æ¯æ¬¡é½è®°å¾è¿æ¯æ¯è¾"
+"é¾çï¼å¾å¯è½æä¸æ¬¡ä½ å¿äºãè¿å°±æ¯æ们è¦å¯¹ä»çäºæ
ã"
+
+#. type: Content of: <dl><dd><p>
+msgid ""
+"Fortunately music DRM is receding. Even the main record companies sell "
+"downloads without DRM. But we see a renewed effort to impose DRM on books."
+msgstr ""
+"å¼å¾åºå¹¸çæ¯ï¼é³ä¹ç DRM æ£å¨è缩ãå³ä½¿ä¸»è¦çå±çå
¬å¸ä¹å¨éå®ä¸å¸¦ DRM çå¯ä¸"
+"è½½é³ä¹ãä½æ¯æ们çå°ä¹¦ç±ç DRM æ£å¨å·åéæ¥ã"
+
+#. type: Content of: <dl><dd><p>
+msgid ""
+"You see, the publishers want to take away the traditional freedoms of book "
+"readers—freedom to do things such as borrow a book from the public "
+"library, or lend it to a friend; to sell a book to a used book store, or buy "
+"it anonymously paying cash (which is the only way I buy books—we've "
+"got to resist the temptations to let Big Brother know everything that we're "
+"doing.)"
+msgstr ""
+"ä½ çï¼åºçåæ³è¦ä»è¯»è
æéæä¼
ç»çèªç±æ¿èµ°—è¿äºèªç±å
æ¬ä»å
Œ
±å¾ä¹¦é¦å"
+"书ï¼æ书åç»æåï¼æ书买ç»äºæ书åºæè
ç¨ç°é买书ï¼è¿æ¯æ买书çå¯ä¸æ¹å¼—"
+"—æ们å¿
须对æè大å¥æ³è¦ç¥éæ们ä¸ä¸¾ä¸å¨çä¼å¾ãï¼"
+
+#. type: Content of: <dl><dd><p>
+msgid ""
+"Even the freedom to keep the book as long as you wish, and read it as many "
+"times as you wish, they plan to get rid of."
+msgstr "å³ä½¿æ¯æ¥æ书ç±çæ¶é´åé
读书ç±ç次æ°ä¹èªç±ï¼ä»ä»¬ä¹è®¡å夺走ã"
+
+#. type: Content of: <dl><dd><p>
+msgid ""
+"The way they do it is with DRM. They knew that so many people read books "
+"and would get angry if these freedoms were taken away that they didn't "
+"believe they could buy a law specifically to abolish these freedoms—"
+"there would be too much opposition. Democracy is sick, but once in a while "
+"people manage to demand something. So they came up with a two-stage plan."
+msgstr ""
+"ä»ä»¬ä½¿ç¨çæ¹æ³å°±æ¯
DRMãä»ä»¬ç¥é读书ç人æ°ç®å·¨å¤§ï¼å¤ºåè¿äºèªç±ä¼æ¿èµ·å
¬æ¤ï¼ä»"
+"们ä¹ç¥éä»ä»¬æ
æ³éè¿éé±è´ä¹°ä¸ä¸ªä¸é¨åºé¤è¿äºèªç±çæ³å¾——å对ç声"
+"é³ä¼å¤ªå¼ºãè½ç¶æ°ä¸»ä¸é£ä¹å¥åº·ï¼ä½æ¯æ¶ä¸æ¶äººä»¬è¿æ¯ä¼è®¾æ³è¦æ±ä¸äºæå©çãæ以ï¼"
+"ä»ä»¬å±å¼çæ¯ä¸ä¸ªä¸¤é¶æ®µè®¡åã"
+
+#. type: Content of: <dl><dd><p>
+msgid ""
+"First, take away these freedoms from e-books, and second, convince people to "
+"switch from paper books to e-books. They've succeeded with stage 1."
+msgstr ""
+"第ä¸é¶æ®µï¼å¤ºèµ°çµå书çç¸å
³èªç±ï¼ç¬¬äºé¶æ®µï¼è¯´æ人们使ç¨çµå书èä¸ç¨çº¸è´¨ä¹¦ã第"
+"ä¸é¶æ®µä»ä»¬å·²ç»æåäºã"
+
+#. type: Content of: <dl><dd><p>
+msgid ""
+"In the US they did it with the Digital Millennium Copyright Act, and in New "
+"Zealand, that was part of the year-ago Copyright Act; censorship on software "
+"that can break DRM was part of that law. That's an unjust provision; it's "
+"got to be repealed."
+msgstr ""
+"å¨ç¾å½ï¼ä»ä»¬ä½¿ç¨çæ¯æ°åå禧çææ³æ¡ï¼å¨æ°è¥¿å
°ï¼æ¯ä¸å¹´åççææ³æ¡çä¸é¨åï¼"
+"å¯¹ç ´è§£ DRM 软件çå®¡æ ¸å°±æ¯è¯¥æ³æ¡çä¸é¨åãè¿æ¯ä¸å
¬æ£çæ¡æ¬¾ï¼å®åºè¯¥è¢«æ¨ç¿»ã"
+
+#. type: Content of: <dl><dd><p>
+msgid ""
+"The second stage is convince people to switch from printed books to ebooks; "
+"that didn't go so well."
+msgstr
"第äºé¶æ®µæ¯å说人们使ç¨çµå书èä¸ç¨å°å·ä¹¦ï¼è¿ä¸ªé¶æ®µè¿å±ä¸æ¯å¾é¡ºå©ã"
+
+#. type: Content of: <dl><dd><p>
+msgid ""
+"One publisher in 2001 had the idea they would make their line of ebooks "
+"really popular if they started it with my biography. So they found an "
+"author and the author asked me if I'd cooperate, and I said “Only if "
+"this e-book is published without encryption, without DRM”. The "
+"publisher wouldn't go along with that, and I just stuck to it—I said "
+"no. Eventually we found another publisher who was willing to do this—"
+"in fact willing to publish the book under a free license giving you the four "
+"freedoms—so the book was then published, and sold a lot of copies on "
+"paper."
+msgstr ""
+"2001 å¹´ï¼æ个åºçåè§å¾å¦æææçä¼
è®°ä½ä¸ºå¼ç¯ä¼è®©ä»ä»¬ççµå书系ååå¾æµè¡ãå "
+"æ¤ï¼ä»ä»¬æ¾å°ä¸ä¸ªä½å®¶æ¥é®ææ¯å¦å¯ä»¥åä½ï¼æ说“åªæ该çµå书以éå
å¯ãä¸"
+"带 DRM
çæ¹å¼åºçæå¯ä»¥”ãåºçåä¸æ¥åï¼æä¹å¾åæ——æ说"
+"ä¸ãæåï¼æ们æ¾å°å¦ä¸å®¶æ¿æè¿ä¹åçåºçå——äºå®ä¸ï¼æ¿æ使ç¨èªç±"
+"许å¯è¯åºçä¼ç»ä½
å个èªç±——书åºçäºï¼å¹¶ä¸ååºå¤§é纸质çæ¬ã"
+
+#. type: Content of: <dl><dd><p>
+msgid ""
+"But in any case, e-books failed at the beginning of this decade. People "
+"just didn't want to read them very much. And I said, “they will try "
+"again”. We saw an amazing number of news articles about electronic "
+"ink (or is it electronic paper, I can never remember which), and it occurred "
+"to me probably the reason there's so many is the publishers want us to think "
+"about this. They want us to be eager for the next generation of e-book "
+"readers."
+msgstr ""
+"æ
论æä¹çï¼çµå书å¨è¿ä¸ªåå¹´å¼å§æ¶é½å¤±è´¥äºã人们就æ¯ä¸æä¹ç±ççµå书ãæå°±"
+"说３ä»ä»¬è¿ä¼åæ¥ç”ãæ们çå°å¤§éå
³äºçµå墨æ¾çæ°é»ï¼æè
æ¯çµå"
+"纸çï¼ææç¹è®°ä¸æ¸
äºï¼ï¼å¯¹ææ¥è¯´æè¿ä¹å¤çæ°é»å¯è½æ¯åºçåæ³è¦å¤§å®¶å¾è¿æ¹é¢"
+"æ³ãä»ä»¬æ³è®©æ们渴æä¸ä¸ä»£çµå书é
读å¨ã"
+
+#. type: Content of: <dl><dd><p>
+msgid ""
+"Now they're upon us. Things like the Sony Shreader (its official name is "
+"the Sony Reader, but if you put on 'sh' it explains what it's designed to do "
+"to your books), and the <a href=\"/philosophy/why-call-it-the-swindle.html"
+"\">Amazon Swindle</a>, designed to swindle you out of your traditional "
+"freedoms without your noticing. Of course, they call it the Kindle which is "
+"what it's going to do to your books."
+msgstr ""
+"ç°å¨çæ们èªå·±äºã象 Sony Shreader ï¼å®æ¹ååæ¯ Sony
Readerï¼é
读å¨ï¼ï¼æ们å "
+"ä¸äº 'sh' æ¥è¯´æå®çä½ç¨æ¯ç¢çº¸ï¼å <a
href=\"/philosophy/why-call-it-the-"
+"swindle.html\">Amazon Swindle</a> é½æ¯è®¾è®¡æéªä½
å¨ä¸ç¥ä¸è§ä¸å¤±å»ä¼ ç»çé
读èª"
+"ç±ãå½ç¶ï¼ä»ä»¬ç»å®çååæ¯
Kindleï¼ç¹çï¼ï¼æ£åå®è¦æä½ ç书é½ç§æã"
+
+#. type: Content of: <dl><dd><p>
+msgid ""
+"The Kindle is an extremely malicious product, almost as malicious as "
+"Microsoft Windows. They both have spy features, they both have Digital "
+"Restrictions Management, and they both have back doors."
+msgstr ""
+"Kindle æ¯ä¸ä¸ªæ度æ¶æç产åï¼å·®ä¸å¤å Microsoft Windows ä¸æ
·æ¶å£ãå®ä»¬é½æé´"
+"è°åè½ï¼é½ææ°åéå¶ç®¡çï¼é½æåé¨ã"
+
+#. type: Content of: <dl><dd><p>
+msgid ""
+"In the case of the Kindle, the only way you can buy a book is to buy it from "
+"Amazon<a href=\"#footnote4\">[4]</a>, and Amazon requires you to identify "
+"yourself, so they know everything that you've bought."
+msgstr ""
+"对 Kindle æ¥è¯´ï¼ä¹°ä¹¦çå¯ä¸æ¹å¼å°±æ¯ä» Amazon<a
href=\"#footnote4\">[4]</a> è´"
+"ä¹°ï¼ç¶å Amazon ä¼è¦æ±ä½ 确认身份ï¼é£ä¹ä»ä»¬å°±è½ç¥éä½
ä¹°çä¸åã"
+
+#. type: Content of: <dl><dd><p>
+msgid ""
+"Then there is Digital Restrictions Management, so you can't lend the book or "
+"sell it to a used bookstore, and the library can't lend it either."
+msgstr ""
+"åè
ï¼å°±æ¯æ°åéå¶ç®¡çï¼è¿æ ·ä½
å°±ä¸è½æ书åç»å«äººï¼ä¹ä¸è½æ书åç»æ§ä¹¦åºï¼èä¸"
+"å¾ä¹¦é¦ä¹ä¸è½æ书ååºå»ã"
+
+#. type: Content of: <dl><dd><p>
+msgid ""
+"And then there's the back door, which we found out about about three months "
+"ago, because Amazon used it. Amazon sent a command to all the Kindles to "
+"erase a particular book, namely 1984 by George Orwell. Yes, they couldn't "
+"have picked a more ironic book to erase. So that's how we know that Amazon "
+"has a back door with which it can erase books remotely."
+msgstr ""
+"ç¶åï¼å°±æ¯åé¨ãå 为 Amazon
使ç¨äºåé¨ï¼æ以æ们å¨ä¸ä¸ªæä¹ååç°äºå®æåé¨ã"
+"Amazon åææç Kindle é
读å¨åéäºå
é¤ä¸æ¬ä¹¦çæ令ï¼è¿æ¬ä¹¦å°±æ¯ George "
+"Orwell åç 1984ãæ¯çï¼ä»ä»¬åä¹æ¾ä¸å°æ¯è¿æ¬ä¹¦æ´å
·æ讽åºæå³ç书äºãè¿æ ·ï¼æ"
+"们就ç¥éäº Amazon æä¸ä¸ªè¿ç¨å 书çåé¨ã"
+
+#. type: Content of: <dl><dd><p>
+msgid ""
+"What else it can do, who knows? Maybe it's like Microsoft Windows. Maybe "
+"Amazon can remotely upgrade the software, which means that whatever "
+"malicious things are not in it now, they could put them in it tomorrow."
+msgstr ""
+"ä»ä»¬è¿è½åä»ä¹å¢ï¼é¬¼ç¥éï¼ä¹è®¸å®å°±å Microsoft
Windowsãä¹è®¸ Amazon å¯ä»¥è¿ç¨"
+"å级软件ï¼å°±æ¯è¯´ç°å¨æ²¡æçæ¶æåè½ï¼ä»ä»¬æ»å¯ä»¥å¨æ天æ¾è¿å»ã"
+
+#. type: Content of: <dl><dd><p>
+msgid ""
+"This is intolerable—any one of these restrictions is intolerable. "
+"They want to create a world where nobody lends books to anybody anymore."
+msgstr ""
+"æ¯å¯å¿ï¼å°ä¸å¯å¿——è¿ä¸åé½æ¯ä¸è½æ¥åçéå¶ãä»ä»¬æ³è¦ä¸ä¸ªæ²¡äººè½å"
+"书ç»å«äººçä¸çã"
+
+#. type: Content of: <dl><dd><p>
+msgid ""
+"Imagine that you visit a friend and there are no books on the shelf. It's "
+"not that your friend doesn't read, but his books are all inside a device, "
+"and of course he can't lend you those books. The only way he could lend you "
+"any one of those books is to lend you his whole library, which is obviously "
+"a ridiculous thing to ask anybody to do. So there goes friendship for "
+"people who love books."
+msgstr ""
+"æ³è±¡ä¸ä¸ï¼ä½
æ访ä¸ä¸ªæåï¼èä»ä»¬ç书æ¶ä¸ä¸æ¬ä¹¦ä¹æ²¡æãä¸æ¯ä½
æåä¸è¯»ä¹¦ï¼åªæ¯"
+"她ç书é½å¨ä¸ä¸ªè®¾å¤éï¼ä½æ¯å¥¹æ¾ç¶ä¸è½åºåè¿äºä¹¦ã她åºå书çå¯ä¸æ¹å¼å°±æ¯ææ´ä¸ª"
+"å¾ä¹¦é¦é½ç»ä½ ï¼è¿ä¸ªäºæ
å°±åå¾é常èè¯äºãç±è¯»ä¹¦ä¹äººçåè°å°±æ¯è¿æ ·å¼å±çã"
+
+#. type: Content of: <dl><dd><p>
+msgid ""
+"Make sure that you inform people what this device implies. It means other "
+"readers will no longer be your friends, because you will be acting like a "
+"jerk toward them. Spread the word preemptively. This device is your "
+"enemy. It's the enemy of everyone who reads. The people who don't "
+"recognize that are the people who are thinking so short-term that they don't "
+"see it. It's our job to help them see beyond the momentary convenience to "
+"the implications of this device."
+msgstr ""
+"请ä¸å®è¦åè¯äººä»¬è¿ç§è®¾å¤æå³çä»ä¹ãå®æå³çå
¶ä»è¯»ä¹¦äººä¸åæ¯ä½ çæåï¼å ä¸ºä½ "
+"ç表ç°çèµ·æ¥å°±è±¡ä¸ä¸ªæªäººã请æå说æï¼è¿ä¸ªè®¾å¤æ¯ä¸ªæ人ãå®æ¯ææ读书人çæ"
+"人ã没ææè¯å°è¿ä¸ç¹ç人æ¯è¿äºçè§ï¼èæ
æ³çå°è¿ä¸ªãæ们çä»»å¡å°±æ¯å¸®å©ä»ä»¬é"
+"è¿éé±ç便å©çå°æ¤è®¾å¤çæ¬è´¨ã"
+
+#. type: Content of: <dl><dd><p>
+msgid ""
+"I have nothing against distributing books in digital form, if they are not "
+"designed to take away our freedom. Strictly speaking, it is possible to "
+"have an e-book reader:"
+msgstr ""
+"å¦ææ°å书ä¸æ¯è®¾è®¡æå¥å¤ºè¯»è
èªç±çå½¢å¼ï¼é£ä¹æä¸ç¹ä¹ä¸å对åè¡æ°å书ãä¸¥æ ¼æ¥"
+"说ï¼çµå书é
读å¨å¯ä»¥è®¾è®¡æï¼"
+
+#. type: Content of: <dl><dd><ul><li>
+msgid "that is not designed to attack you,"
+msgstr "ä¸æ»å»ä½ ï¼"
+
+#. type: Content of: <dl><dd><ul><li>
+msgid "which runs free software and not proprietary software,"
+msgstr "è¿è¡èªç±è½¯ä»¶èä¸æ¯ä¸æ软件ï¼"
+
+#. type: Content of: <dl><dd><ul><li>
+msgid "which doesn't have DRM,"
+msgstr "没æ DRMï¼"
+
+#. type: Content of: <dl><dd><ul><li>
+msgid "which doesn't make people identify yourself to get a book,"
+msgstr "ä¸ç¨äººä»¬è¡¨æ身份就å¯ä»¥ä¹°ä¹¦ï¼"
+
+#. type: Content of: <dl><dd><ul><li>
+msgid "which doesn't have a back door, [and]"
+msgstr "没æåé¨ï¼[èä¸]"
+
+#. type: Content of: <dl><dd><ul><li>
+msgid "which doesn't restrict what you can do with the files on your machine."
+msgstr "ä¸éå¶äººä»¬å¦ä½å¤çæºå¨éçæ件ã"
+
+#. type: Content of: <dl><dd><p>
+msgid ""
+"It's possible, but the big companies really pushing e-books are doing it to "
+"attack our freedom, and we mustn't stand for that. This is what governments "
+"are doing in cahoots with big business to attack our freedom, by making "
+"copyright harsher and nastier, more restrictive than ever before."
+msgstr ""
+"è¿æ¯å¯è½çï¼ä½æ¯çæ£æ¨å¨çµå书ç大å
¬å¸å°±æ¯è¦å¯¹æ们çèªç±åèµ·æ»å»ï¼èæ们å¿
é¡»"
+"è¦æºä½ãè¿å°±æ¯æ¿åºå大ä¼ä¸ç¼ç为奸对æ们çèªç±åèµ·æ»å»ï¼ä»ä»¬è®©çææ´ä¸¥èãæ´"
+"æ¶å£ï¼è¿æ¯ä»æ¥æ²¡æè¿çéå¶ã"
+
+#. type: Content of: <dl><dd><p>
+msgid ""
+"But what should they do? Governments should make copyright power less. Here "
+"are my specific proposals."
+msgstr
"æ们åºè¯¥åä»ä¹ï¼æ¿åºåºè¯¥è®©çæçæåæ´å°ãä¸é¢æ¯æçå
·ä½æ¹æ¡ã"
+
+#. type: Content of: <dl><dd><p>
+msgid ""
+"First of all, there is the dimension of time. I propose copyright should "
+"last ten years, starting from the date of publication of a work."
+msgstr "é¦å
æ¯æ¶é´ç»´åº¦ãæ建议çæåºè¯¥æç»åå¹´ï¼ä»ä½åå表ç®èµ·ã"
+
+#. type: Content of: <dl><dd><p>
+msgid ""
+"Why from the date of publication? Because before that, we don't have "
+"copies. It doesn't matter to us whether we would have been allowed to copy "
+"our copies that we don't have, so I figure we might as well let the authors "
+"have as much time as it takes to arrange publication, and then start the "
+"clock."
+msgstr ""
+"为ä»ä¹ä»å表æ¶é´ç®èµ·ï¼å
为å¨é£ä¹åï¼æ们没æ³å¤å¶ãå¦ææ们没æ³å¤å¶ï¼é£ä¹å
ä¸"
+"å
许æå¤å¶æå°±æ ä»è°èµ·ï¼æ以æè§å¾æ们ä¹åºè¯¥è®©ä½è
æ足å¤çæ¶é´æ¥å®æå表ï¼ç¶"
+"ååå¼å§è®¡ç®çæçæ¶é´ã"
+
+#. type: Content of: <dl><dd><p>
+msgid ""
+"But why ten years? I don't know about in this country, but in the US, the "
+"publication cycle has got shorter and shorter. Nowadays almost all books "
+"are remaindered within two years and out-of-print within three. So ten "
+"years is more than three times the usual publication cycle—that should "
+"be plenty comfortable."
+msgstr ""
+"ä½æ¯ä¸ºä»ä¹æ¯åå¹´ï¼æ们ä¸äºè§£è¿éï¼å°±ç¾å½æ¥è¯´ï¼åºçåå表çå¨æè¶æ¥è¶çãç°å¨"
+"å
ä¹ææç°å书ç±é½æ¯è¿ä¸¤å¹´çï¼ä¸å¹´ç书已ç»é½ä¸åå°äºãæ以åå¹´å·²ç»æ¯æ£å¸¸åºç"
+"å¨æçä¸åé½é¿äº——è¿åºè¯¥è¶³å¤åçäºã"
+
+#. type: Content of: <dl><dd><p>
+msgid ""
+"But not everybody agrees. I once proposed this in a panel discussion with "
+"fiction writers, and the award-winning fantasy writer next to me said “"
+"Ten years? No way. Anything more than five years is intolerable.” You "
+"see, he had a legal dispute with his publisher. His books seemed to be out "
+"of print, but the publisher wouldn't admit it. The publisher was using the "
+"copyright on his own book to stop him from distributing copies himself, "
+"which he wanted to do so people could read it."
+msgstr ""
+"ä½æ¯ä¸æ¯ææç人é½åæè¿ä¹åãæä¸æ¬¡ï¼æå¨ä¸ä¸ªè®ºåä¸åå°è¯´å®¶è®¨è®ºæ¤äºï¼åå¨æ"
+"æè¾¹çå¥å¹»ä½å®¶è¯´ “åå¹´ï¼ç»å¯¹ä¸è¡ãè¶
è¿äºå¹´å°±æ
æ³å¿åã”ä½ çï¼ä»å"
+"åºçåæä¸ä¸ªæ³å¾çº 纷ãä»ç书已ç»åå
äºï¼ä½æ¯åºçåä¸æ¿è®¤ãåºçåå¨å©ç¨ä½è
ç"
+"çææ¥é»æ¢ä½è
èªå·±å¤å¶ååï¼ä½è
åªæ¯è¦è®©äººä»¬å¯ä»¥è¯»å°ä»ç书ã"
+
+#. type: Content of: <dl><dd><p>
+msgid ""
+"This is what every artist starts out wanting—wanting to distribute her "
+"work so it will get read and appreciated. Very few make a lot of money. "
+"That tiny fraction face the danger of being morally corrupted, like J.K. "
+"Rowling."
+msgstr ""
+"è¿æ£æ¯æ¯ä¸ªèºæ¯å®¶é½å¸æç——å¸æè½åå她çä½åï¼è¿æ
·äººä»¬å°±å¯ä»¥é
读"
+"å欣èµãå¾å°æä½å®¶èµå°å¤§é±ï¼èè¿å°é¨å人é¢ä¸´çéå¾·è
è´¥çå±é©ï¼å°±å J.K. "
+"Rowling<sup><a href=\"#TransNote5\">5</a></sup>ã"
+
+#. type: Content of: <dl><dd><p>
+msgid ""
+"J.K. Rowling, in Canada, got an injunction against people who had bought her "
+"book in a bookstore, ordering them not to read it. So in response I call "
+"for a boycott of Harry Potter books. But I don't say you shouldn't read "
+"them; I leave that to the author and the publisher. I just say you "
+"shouldn't buy them."
+msgstr ""
+"J.K. Rowlingï¼å¨å æ¿å¤§è·å¾ä¸é¡¹é对å¨ä¹¦åºåå°å¥¹ç书ç读è
çç¦ä»¤ï¼å½ä»¤ä»ä»¬ä¸è®¸"
+"读她ç书ãå
æ¤ï¼ä½ä¸ºååºæå¼å人们æµå¶åå©Â·æ³¢ç¹ç书ãä½æ¯æ没æ说ä½
ä¸åºè¯¥è¯»å"
+"å©Â·æ³¢ç¹ç书ï¼è¿ä¸ªçç»ä½è
ååºçåå§ãæåªæ¯è¯´ä½
ä¸åºè¯¥ä¹°è¿äºä¹¦ã"
+
+#. type: Content of: <dl><dd><p>
+msgid ""
+"It's few authors that make enough money that they can be corrupted in this "
+"way. Most of them don't get anywhere near that, and continue wanting the "
+"same thing they wanted at the outset: they want their work to be appreciated."
+msgstr ""
+"å°æ°åäºè´¢çä½å®¶å°±è¿æ ·åå¾è
è´¥äºã大å¤æ°ä½å®¶è¿æ²¡æè¾¾å°é£æ ·çå°æ¥ï¼ä»ä»¬çè¯æ±"
+"è¿æ¯ä¸å¦æ¢å¾ï¼ä»ä»¬å¸æèªå·±çä½å被人欣èµã"
+
+#. type: Content of: <dl><dd><p>
+msgid ""
+"He wanted to distribute his own book, and copyright was stopping him. He "
+"realized that more than five years of copyright was unlikely to ever do him "
+"any good."
+msgstr ""
+"ä»æ³ååèªå·±ç书ï¼èçæé»æ¢ä»è¿ä¹åãä»æè¯å°è¶
è¿äºå¹´ççæä¸å¤ªå¯è½ä¼å¯¹ä»æ"
+"ä»ä¹å¥½å¤ã"
+
+#. type: Content of: <dl><dd><p>
+msgid ""
+"If people would rather have copyright last five years, I won't be against "
+"it. I propose ten as a first stab at the problem. Let's reduce it to ten "
+"years and then take stock for a while, and we could adjust it after that. I "
+"don't say I think ten years is the exact right number—I don't know."
+msgstr ""
+"å¦æ人们æ´æ¿æçææ¯äºå¹´æï¼æä¸ä¼å对ã建议åå¹´æ¯æ对è¿ä¸ªé®é¢ç第ä¸æ¥æ¹æ¡ã"
+"å
åå°åå¹´ï¼è§å¯ä¸æ®µæ¶é´ï¼ç¶åççæ们æä¹è°æ´ãæ没æ说æ认为åå¹´å°±æ¯åç¡®ç"
+"æé——è¿ä¸ªæç¥éã"
+
+#. type: Content of: <dl><dd><p>
+msgid ""
+"What about the dimension of breadth? Which activities should copyright "
+"cover? I distinguish three broad categories of works."
+msgstr
"宽度维度æä¹åï¼çæåºè¯¥æ¶ååªäºæ´»å¨å¢ï¼æååºäºä¸ç±»ä½åã"
+
+#. type: Content of: <dl><dd><p>
+msgid ""
+"First of all, there are the functional works that you use to do a practical "
+"job in your life. This includes software, recipes, educational works, "
+"reference works, text fonts, and other things you can think of. These works "
+"should be free."
+msgstr ""
+"é¦å
ï¼åè½æ§ä½åï¼ä½ ç¨å®ä»¬æ¥å®æçæ´»ä¸çå®é
å·¥ä½ãè¿å
æ¬è½¯ä»¶ãèè°±ãæè²ä½"
+"åãåç书ãåä½ä»¥åå
¶ä»ä½
å¯ä»¥æ³å°ç类似çä¸è¥¿ãè¿äºä½ååºè¯¥æ¯èªç±çã"
+
+#. type: Content of: <dl><dd><p>
+msgid ""
+"If you use the work to do a job in your life, then if you can't change the "
+"work to suit you, you don't control your life. Once you have changed the "
+"work to suit you, then you've got to be free to publish it—publish "
+"your version—because there will be others who will want the changes "
+"you've made."
+msgstr ""
+"å¦æä½ æ¯ç¨è¿äºä½åæ¥å®æå·¥ä½ï¼ä½
å¦æä¸è½æ´æ¹å®ä»¬æ¥éåºèªå·±çè¦æ±ï¼é£ä¹ä½ å°±ä¸"
+"è½ææ§èªå·±ççæ´»ãä¸æ¦ä½
ä¿®æ¹äºè¿äºä½åæ¥éåºèªå·±ï¼é£ä¹ä½ å°±åºè¯¥æèªç±åå¸å®ä»¬"
+"——åå¸ä½ çç欗å
为æ人å¯è½éè¦è¿äºä¿®æ¹ã"
+
+#. type: Content of: <dl><dd><p>
+msgid ""
+"This leads quickly to the conclusion that users have to have the same four "
+"freedoms [for all functional works], not just for software. And you'll "
+"notice that for recipes, practically speaking, cooks are always sharing and "
+"changing recipes just as if the recipes were free. Imagine how people would "
+"react if the government tried to stamp out so-called “recipe "
+"piracy”."
+msgstr ""
+"è¿å°±å¿«éå¾åºç»è®ºï¼ç¨æ·[对ææåè½æ§ä½å]å¿
é¡»è¦æåæ
·çå个èªç±ï¼ä¸åªæ¯å¯¹è½¯"
+"件ãä½ ä¼æ³¨æå°å¯¹èè°±æ¥è¯´ï¼å®é
ä¸å¨å¸æ»æ¯å¨å享并æ¹è¿ï¼å°±åè谱已ç»æ¯èªç±çä¸"
+"æ ·ãæ³è±¡ä¸ä¸ï¼å¦ææ¿åºè¦æå»æè°ç
“èè°±çç”ï¼äººä»¬ä¼æä¹ååºã"
+
+#. type: Content of: <dl><dd><p>
+msgid ""
+"The term “pirate” is pure propaganda. When people ask me what I "
+"think of music piracy, I say “As far as I know, when pirates attack "
+"they don't do it by playing instruments badly, they do it with arms. So "
+"it's not music “piracy”, because piracy is attacking ships, and "
+"sharing is as far as you get from being the moral equivalent of attacking "
+"ships”. Attacking ships is bad, sharing with other people is good, so "
+"we should firmly denounce that propaganda term “piracy” whenever "
+"we hear it."
+msgstr ""
+"“çç” ä¸è¯çº¯å±é¼å¹ãå½äººä»¬é®æå
³äºé³ä¹ççççæ³ï¼æ说 “æ®"
+"ææç¥ï¼æµ·çæ»å»æ¶ä¸æ¯è¡ä¹±ç©ä¹å¨ï¼èæ¯ç¨èèãæ以没æé³ä¹
“çç"
+"”ï¼å
为海çæ»å»çæ¯è¹è°ãå享é³ä¹åæ»å»è¹è°å¨éå¾·ä¸æçäºæ³¥ä¹å«"
+"”ãæ»å»è¹è°å¾æ¶å£ï¼åä»äººå享å¾ååï¼å
æ¤æ们è¦åå³åå»ç¨ “çç"
+"” ä¸è¯åçé¼å¹ï¼æ¯æ¬¡å¬å°é½è¦åå»ã"
+
+#. type: Content of: <dl><dd><p>
+msgid ""
+"People might have objected twenty years ago: “If we don't give up our "
+"freedom, if we don't let the publishers of these works control us, the works "
+"won't get made and that will be a horrible disaster.” Now, looking at "
+"the free software community, and all the recipes that circulate, and "
+"reference works like Wikipedia—we are even starting to see free "
+"textbooks being published—we know that that fear is misguided."
+msgstr ""
+"äºåå¹´å人们ä¹è®¸æ¾ç»å对è¿ï¼“å¦ææ们ä¸æ¾å¼èªç±ï¼å¦ææ们ä¸è®©åºçåæ§å¶"
+"æ们ï¼é£ä¹å°±ä¸ä¼æä½åï¼å°±ä¼æ¯ä¸ªå¯æçç¾é¾ã”ç°å¨ï¼ççèªç±è½¯ä»¶ç¤¾åºï¼ç"
+"çææå¨æµä¼ çèè°±ï¼ççè¯¸å¦ Wikipedia
ä¹ç±»çåèèµæä½å——æ们ç"
+"è³å¼å§çå°èªç±çæç§ä¹¦å°±è¦åºç——æ们就ç¥éé£ç§ææ§åªæ¯è¯¯å¯¼ã"
+
+#. type: Content of: <dl><dd><p>
+msgid ""
+"There is no need to despair and give up our freedom thinking that otherwise "
+"the works won't get made. There are lots of ways to encourage them to get "
+"made if we want more—lots of ways that are consistent with and respect "
+"our freedom. In this category, they should all be free."
+msgstr ""
+"没æå¿
è¦ç»æï¼æ²¡æå¿
è¦æ¾å¼èªç±ï¼ä¹ä¸è¦è®¤ä¸ºä¸è¿æ
·åçè¯å°±ä¸ä¼æä½å被åä½ãå¦"
+"ææ¿æï¼æå¾å¤æ¹æ³å¯ä»¥é¼å±äººä»¬åé
æ´å¤ä½å——æå¾å¤æ¹æ³è½åèªç±ä¿"
+"æä¸è´å¹¶å°éèªç±ãè¿ç±»ä½åé½åºè¯¥èªç±ã"
+
+#. type: Content of: <dl><dd><p>
+msgid ""
+"But what about the second category, of works that say what certain people "
+"thought, like memoirs, essays of opinion, scientific papers, and various "
+"other things?<a href=\"#footnote2\">[2]</a> To publish a modified version of "
+"somebody else's statement of what he thought is misrepresenting [that] "
+"somebody. That's not particularly a contribution to society."
+msgstr ""
+"第äºç±»ä½åï¼å
³äºæäºäººçææ³ï¼æ¯å¦åå¿å½ãæéãç§å¦è®ºæçä½åï¼å该å¦ä½å¢ï¼"
+"<a href=\"#footnote2\">[2]</a>å表å
¶ä»äººéè¿°åæ³æ³çä¿®æ¹çæ¯å¨æ²è§£é£ä¸ªäººãé£"
+"并ä¸æ¯å¯¹ç¤¾ä¼åè´¡ç®ã"
+
+#. type: Content of: <dl><dd><p>
+msgid ""
+"Therefore it is workable and acceptable to have a somewhat reduced copyright "
+"system where all commercial use is covered by copyright, all modification is "
+"covered by copyright, but everyone is free to non-commercially redistribute "
+"exact copies."
+msgstr ""
+"å
æ¤ï¼æç§åå¼±ççæç³»ç»æ¯å¯è¡åå¯æ¥åçï¼ä¸ååä¸ä½¿ç¨ç±çæå¤çï¼ä¸åä¿®æ¹ç±"
+"çæå¤çï¼ä½æ¯ææ人é½æèªç±ååéåä¸çå
¨æéåå¤å¶çã"
+
+#. type: Content of: <dl><dd><p>
+msgid ""
+"[2015 note: publishing scientific papers under the CC Attribution license "
+"(CC-BY) is widely done, in accessible journals and arXiv.org, and it seems "
+"that permitting publication of modified versions does not cause any "
+"problem. So that license is what I now recommend for scholarly "
+"publications.]"
+msgstr ""
+"[2015 注ï¼ä»¥ CC Attribution 许å¯è¯ (CC-BY)
å表ç§å¦è®ºæå·²ç»å¨å¸¸è§æåå "
+"arXiv.org 广æ³ä½¿ç¨ï¼çæ¥å
许å表修æ¹ç没æä»»ä½é®é¢ãå
æ¤ææ¨èå¦æ¯åºç使ç¨æ¤"
+"许å¯è¯ã]"
+
+#. type: Content of: <dl><dd><p>
+msgid ""
+"That freedom is the minimum freedom we must establish for all published "
+"works, because the denial of that freedom is what creates the War on "
+"Sharing—what creates the vicious propaganda that sharing is theft, "
+"that sharing is like being a pirate and attacking ships. Absurdities, but "
+"absurdities backed by a lot of money that has corrupted our governments. We "
+"need to end the War on Sharing; we need to legalize sharing exact copies of "
+"any published work."
+msgstr ""
+"è¿ä¸ªèªç±æ¯æ们å¿
须为ææåºçä½åäºåçæå°èªç±ï¼å
为å¥å¤ºè¿ä¸ªèªç±å°±æ¯äº§çâå享"
+"æäºâçæ
¹æº——å°±æ¯äº§çâå享å³ççªâä¹ç±»æ¶æ¯é¼å¹çæ
¹æºï¼å°±æ¯è®¤ä¸ºå享"
+"åæµ·çæ»å»è°è¹ä¸æ ·çæ
¹æºãèè°¬ï¼ä½æ¯æ¯ä¸ä¸ªè®©å¤§ééé±è
èæçæ¿åºæ¯æçèè°¬ã"
+"æ们éè¦ç»æâå享æäºâï¼æ们éè¦è®©å享已åºçä½åçå
¨æéåå¤å¶çåæ³åã"
+
+#. type: Content of: <dl><dd><p>
+msgid ""
+"In the second category of works, that's all we need; we don't need to make "
+"them free. Therefore I think it's OK to have a reduced copyright system "
+"which covers commercial use and all modifications. And this will provide a "
+"revenue stream to the authors in more or less the same (usually inadequate) "
+"way as the present system. You've got to keep in mind [that] the present "
+"system, except for superstars, is usually totally inadequate."
+msgstr ""
+"对äºç¬¬äºç±»ä½åï¼è¿å°±æ¯æ们éè¦çï¼æ们ä¸éè¦æ¤ç±»ä½åèªç±ãå
æ¤æè§å¾æä¸ä¸ªå"
+"å¼±ççæç³»ç»æ¥å¤çæ¤ç±»ä½åçåä¸ä½¿ç¨åä¿®æ¹çæ¯å¯ä»¥çãè¿æ
·çç³»ç»ä¼å¤§è´ï¼é常"
+"æ¯ä¸å¤ªå
åå°ï¼ç»ä½è
æä¾ä¸ä¸ªåç®åç³»ç»å·®ä¸å¤çæ¶å
¥æ¥æºãä½ è¦æ¸
æ¥ä¸ç¹ï¼ç®åç"
+"ç³»ç»ï¼é¤äºè¶
级ææï¼é常æ¯å®å
¨ä¸å
åçã"
+
+#. type: Content of: <dl><dd><p>
+msgid ""
+"What about works of art and entertainment? Here it took me a while to decide "
+"what to think about modifications."
+msgstr ""
+"èºæ¯ç±»å娱ä¹ç±»çä½ååå¦ä½å¢ï¼è¿éï¼æè±äºä¸äºæ¶é´æå³å®å¦ä½å¤çæ¤ç±»ä½åçä¿®"
+"æ¹çã"
+
+#. type: Content of: <dl><dd><p>
+msgid ""
+"You see, on one hand, a work of art can have an artistic integrity and "
+"modifying it could destroy that. Of course, copyright doesn't necessarily "
+"stop works from being butchered that way. Hollywood does it all the time. "
+"On the other hand, modifying the work can be a contribution to art. It "
+"makes possible the folk process which leads to things which are beautiful "
+"and rich."
+msgstr ""
+"ä½
ç¥éï¼ä¸æ¹é¢ï¼èºæ¯ä½åæä¸ç§èºæ¯å®æ´æ§ï¼ä¸ä¿®æ¹å°±è¢«ç
´åäºãå½ç¶ï¼çæ没æå¿
"
+"è¦é»æ¢ç³è¸ä½åã好è±åä¸ç´é½å¨ç³è¸ä½åãå¦ä¸æ¹é¢ï¼ä¿®æ¹ä½åä¹å¯è½æ¯å¯¹èºæ¯åè´¡"
+"ç®ãæ°é´æµä¼ å°±æ¯è®©èºæ¯åå¾ä¼ç¾è丰å¯çè¿ç¨ã"
+
+#. type: Content of: <dl><dd><p>
+msgid ""
+"Even if we look at named authors only: consider Shakespeare, who borrowed "
+"stories from other works only a few decades old, and did them in different "
+"ways, and made important works of literature. If today's copyright law had "
+"existed then, that would have been forbidden and those plays wouldn't have "
+"been written."
+msgstr ""
+"å³ä½¿æ们åªçèåçä½å®¶ï¼æ³æ³è士æ¯äºï¼ä»å°±æ¯ä»åªæå
åå¹´åå²çä½åéåé´äºä¸"
+"å°æ
äºï¼å¹¶çµæ´»ä½¿ç¨èåä½äºéè¦çæå¦ä½åãå¦æé£æ¶åå°±æä»å¤©ççææ³ï¼è士æ¯"
+"äºçæä½æ为è¦è¢«ç¦æ¢ï¼ä»çæå§ä¹å°±æ ä»è¯´èµ·äºã"
+
+#. type: Content of: <dl><dd><p>
+msgid ""
+"But eventually I realized that modifying a work of art can be a contribution "
+"to art, but it's not desperately urgent in most cases. If you had to wait "
+"ten years for the copyright to expire, you could wait that long. Not like "
+"the present-day copyright that makes you wait maybe 75 years, or 95 years. "
+"In Mexico you might have to wait almost 200 years in some cases, because "
+"copyright in Mexico expires a hundred years after the author dies. This is "
+"insane, but ten years, as I've proposed copyright should last, that people "
+"can wait."
+msgstr ""
+"ä½æ¯æåææè¯å°ä¿®æ¹èºæ¯ä½åå¯è½ä¼æ¯èºæ¯è´¡ç®ï¼ä¸è¿å¤§å¤æ°æ
åµä¸é½ä¸æ¯é常迫"
+"åãå¦æä½ å¿
é¡»ççæåå¹´åè¿æï¼ä½
çå¾èµ·ãèä¸è±¡ä»å¤©ççæè®©ä½ ä¸çå°±æ¯ 75 "
+"å¹´ï¼çè³ 95 å¹´ãå¨å¢¨è¥¿å¥ï¼å¤§å¤æ°æ
åµä¸ä½
å¯è½éè¦çå·®ä¸å¤ 200 å¹´ï¼å 为墨西å¥ç"
+"çæå¨ä½è
æ»å 100
å¹´æè¿æãè¿ä¸ªå¤ªèè°¬ï¼ä½æ¯æ建议çæ¯åå¹´çææéï¼äººä»¬çå¾"
+"èµ·ã"
+
+#. type: Content of: <dl><dd><p>
+msgid ""
+"So I propose the same partly reduced copyright that covers commercial use "
+"and modification, but everyone's got to be free to non-commercially "
+"redistribute exact copies. After ten years it goes into the public domain, "
+"and people can contribute to art by publishing their modified versions."
+msgstr ""
+"å æ¤ï¼æ建议ç¨åæ
·çé¨ååå¼±ççææ¥è¦çåä¸ä½¿ç¨åä¿®æ¹çï¼ä½æ¯äººäººé½æèªç±å"
+"ååå§ççéåä¸å¯æ¬ãåå¹´ä¹åï¼æ¤ç±»ä½åè¿å
¥å
¬æé¢åï¼äººä»¬å°±å¯ä»¥éè¿åå¸èªå·±"
+"çä¿®æ¹çæ¥ä¸ºèºæ¯ååºè´¡ç®ã"
+
+#. type: Content of: <dl><dd><p>
+msgid ""
+"One other thing: if you're going to take little pieces out of a bunch of "
+"works and rearrange them into something totally different, that should just "
+"be legal, because the purpose of copyright is to promote art, not to "
+"obstruct art. It's stupid to apply copyright to using snippets like "
+"that—it's self-defeating. It's a kind of distortion that you'd only "
+"get when the government is under the control of the publishers of the "
+"existing successful works, and has totally lost sight of its intended "
+"purpose."
+msgstr ""
+"è¿æä¸ä»¶äºï¼å¦æä½ è¦ä»ä¸å
ä½åä¸æ¿åºè®¸å¤å°å并æå®ä»¬ç»ç»æå®å
¨ä¸åçä¸è¥¿ï¼é£"
+"ä¹è¿æ¯åæ³çï¼å
为çæçç®çæ¯æ¨å¨èºæ¯èéé»ç¢èºæ¯ãæçæåºç¨äºä½åå°åç使"
+"ç¨æ¯æè ¢ç——æ£å¦æ¬èµ·ç³å¤´ç
¸èªå·±çèãå®æ¯ä¸ç§ææ²ï¼åªæå¨æ¿åºè¢«ç°"
+"åæåä½åçåºçåæ§å¶ä¹ä¸ï¼ä½ æä¼çå°è¿ç§æè ¢ï¼è¿æ
·çæ¿åºå¤±å»äºå¯¹çææ¬æ¥ç®"
+"ççæ´å¯ã"
+
+#. type: Content of: <dl><dd><p>
+msgid ""
+"That's what I propose, and in particular, this means that sharing copies on "
+"the Internet must be legal. Sharing is good. Sharing builds the bonds of "
+"society. To attack sharing is to attack society."
+msgstr ""
+"è¿å°±æ¯æç建议ï¼å®ç¹å«æå³çå¨äºèç½ä¸å享å¯æ¬å¿
é¡»æ¯åæ³çæ´»å¨ãå享æ¯å¥½äºã"
+"å享建ç«ç¤¾ä¼çº½å¸¦ãæ»å»å享就æ¯æ»å»ç¤¾ä¼ã"
+
+#. type: Content of: <dl><dd><p>
+msgid ""
+"So any time the government proposes some new means to attack people who "
+"share, to stop them from sharing, we have to recognize that this is evil, "
+"not just because the means proposed almost invariably offend basic ideas of "
+"justice (but that's not a coincidence). The reason is because the purpose "
+"is evil. Sharing is good and the government should encourage sharing."
+msgstr ""
+"å
æ¤ï¼ä»»ä½æ¶åæ¿åºæåºæ»å»äººä»¬å享ãé»æ¢äººä»¬å享ç建议ï¼æ们å¿
é¡»æè¯å°é£æ¯éª"
+"æ¶ï¼ä¸ä»
æ¯å 为è¿äºè¢«æè®®çæ段å ä¹æ¯«æ
ä¾å¤é½æ¯è¿ååºæ¬çå
¬æ£ç念ï¼å°±è¿ç¹ä¹ä¸"
+"æ¯å·§åï¼ãåå æ¯å
¶éªæ¶çç®çãå享æ¯å¥½äºï¼èæ¿åºåºè¯¥é¼å±å享ã"
+
+#. type: Content of: <dl><dd><p>
+msgid ""
+"But copyright did after all have a useful purpose. Copyright as a means to "
+"carry out that purpose has a problem now, because it doesn't fit in with the "
+"technology we use. It interferes with all the vital freedoms for all the "
+"readers, listeners, viewers, and whatever, but the goal of promoting the "
+"arts is still desirable. So in addition to the partly reduced copyright "
+"system, which would continue to be a copyright system, I propose two other "
+"methods."
+msgstr ""
+"ä¸è¿ï¼çæç»ç©¶è¿æä¸ä¸ªæççç®çã带æè¿ä¸ªå¥½æççæç®ååºäºé®é¢ï¼å
为å®æ²¡è½"
+"éåºæ们使ç¨çææ¯ãå®å¹²æ°äºææ读è
ãå¬ä¼ãè§ä¼ãä¸ç®¡æ¯è°çå
³é®èªç±ï¼ä½æ¯å®"
+"æ¨å¨èºæ¯çç®çè¿æ¯æ们éè¦çãå
æ¤ï¼é¤äºé¨ååå¼±ççæç³»ç»ç»§ç»ä½ä¸ºçæç³»ç»ä¹"
+"å¤ï¼æè¿æè®®å¦å¤ä¸¤ä¸ªæ¹æ³ã"
+
+#. type: Content of: <dl><dd><p>
+msgid ""
+"<a id=\"tax-money-for-artists\">One [works via] taxes</a>—distribute "
+"tax money directly to artists. This could be a special tax, perhaps on "
+"Internet connectivity, or it could come from general revenue, because it "
+"won't be that much money in total, not if it's distributed in an efficient "
+"way. To distribute it efficiently to promote the arts means not in linear "
+"proportion to popularity. It should be based on popularity, because we "
+"don't want bureaucrats to have the discretion to decide which artists to "
+"support and which to ignore, but based on popularity does not imply linear "
+"proportion."
+msgstr ""
+"<a
id=\"tax-money-for-artists\">ä¸ä¸ª[使ç¨]ç¨æ¶</a>——ç´æ¥æç¨æ¶å"
+"é
ç»èºæ¯å®¶ãè¿æ¯ä¸ä¸ªç¹å«çç¨ç§ï¼ä¹è®¸é对äºèç½ï¼ä¹è®¸éè¿ç产æ»å¼ï¼å
为å¦æè½"
+"ææåé
çè¯ï¼è¯¥ç¨çæ»é¢ä¸å¤ã为äºæ¨è¿èºæ¯èææåé
æå³çä¸æ¯ææµè¡ç¨åº¦çº¿æ§"
+"çæ¯åé
ãå®åºè¯¥åºäºæµè¡ç¨åº¦ï¼å
为æ们ä¸æ³è®©å®åæºææèªå·±çæ³æ³æ¥å³å®è¯¥æ¯æ"
+"åªä¸ªèºæ¯å®¶ã该忽ç¥åªä¸ªèºæ¯å®¶ï¼ä¸è¿åºäºæµè¡ç¨åº¦å¹¶ä¸æå³çè¦çº¿æ§çæ¯ä¾ã"
+
+#. type: Content of: <dl><dd><p>
+msgid ""
+"What I propose is measure the popularity of the various artists, which you "
+"could do through polling (samples) in which nobody is required to "
+"participate, and then take the cube root. The cube root looks like this: it "
+"means basically that [the payment] tapers off after a while."
+msgstr ""
+"æ建议度éå个èºæ¯å®¶çæµè¡ç¨åº¦ï¼æ们å¯ä»¥éç¨æ½æ
·æ°æè°æ¥ï¼ä¸è¦æ±ææ人é½å"
+"ä¸ï¼ç¶å对ç»æåç«æ¹æ ¹ãç«æ¹æ ¹æ¯è¿æ
·ï¼[æ¯ä»çéé¢]éæ¸åå°ã"
+
+#. type: Content of: <dl><dd><p>
+msgid ""
+"If superstar A is a thousand times as popular as successful artist B, with "
+"this system A would get ten times as much money as B, not a thousand times."
+msgstr ""
+"å¦æè¶
级巨æç²æ¯èºæ¯å®¶ä¹æµè¡ä¸ååï¼é£ä¹æ
¹æ®è¿ä¸ªç³»ç»ï¼ç²å¾çé±æ¯ä¹çååï¼è"
+"ä¸æ¯ä¸ååã"
+
+#. type: Content of: <dl><dd><p>
+msgid ""
+"Linearly would give A a thousand times as much as B, which means that if we "
+"wanted B to get enough to live on we're going to have to make A tremendously "
+"rich. This is wasteful use of the tax money—it shouldn't be done."
+msgstr ""
+"å¦ææ¯çº¿æ§çæ¯ä¾åé
ï¼ç²å°±æ¯ä¹çä¸ååï¼è¿æå³çå¦ææ们æ³è¦ä¹ç»´æ足å¤ççæ´»"
+"æ°´å¹³ï¼æ们就è¦è®©ç²åå¾è¶
级å¯æãè¿æ¯å¯¹ç¨æ¶ç浪费——ä¸åºè¯¥é£ä¹åã"
+
+#. type: Content of: <dl><dd><p>
+msgid ""
+"But if we make it taper off, then yes, each superstar will get handsomely "
+"more than an ordinary successful artist, but the total of all the superstars "
+"will be a small fraction of the [total] money. Most of the money will go to "
+"support a large number of fairly successful artists, fairly appreciated "
+"artists, fairly popular artists. Thus the system will use money a lot more "
+"efficiently than the existing system."
+msgstr ""
+"ä½æ¯å¦ææ们让æ²çº¿éæ¸ç¼æ
¢ååï¼é£ä¹å¥½äºï¼æ¯ä¸ªå·¨ææ¯ä¸è¬æåçèºæ¯å®¶å¤äºä¸å°"
+"é±ï¼ä½æ¯ææå·¨æçæ»é¢åªä¼å
[æ»]éé¢çä¸å°é¨åã大é¨åéé±ä¼æ¯æ大å¤æ°ç¸å½æ"
+"åãç¸å½æµè¡çèºæ¯å®¶ãè¿æ ·ï¼è¯¥ç³»ç»å¯¹éé±çåé
æ¯ç°æç³»ç»é«æå¾å¤ã"
+
+#. type: Content of: <dl><dd><p>
+msgid ""
+"The existing system is regressive. It actually gives far, far more per "
+"record, for instance, to a superstar than to anybody else. The money is "
+"extremely badly used. The result is we'd actually be paying a lot less this "
+"way. I hope that's enough to mollify some of these people who have a knee-"
+"jerk hostile reaction to taxes—one that I don't share, because I "
+"believe in a welfare state."
+msgstr ""
+"ç°æç³»ç»æ¯éåçãå®å®é
ä¸ç»ä¸ä¸ªå·¨æçæ¯å¼
å±ççé±é½è¦æ¯å
¶ä»äººé«å¤ªå¤ãè¿æ ·ç¨"
+"é±å¤ªç³ç³ãææè®®çæ¹å¼å®é
ä¸ä¼è®©æ们è±è´¹å°å¾å¤çé±ãæå¸æè¿ä¸ªè¶³ä»¥å¹³å¤é£äºéª¨"
+"åé对ç¨æ¶ææææç人çä¸æ¤——æ们åä»ä»¬ä¸ä¸æ
·ï¼å 为æç¸ä¿¡ç¦å©å½"
+"家ã"
+
+#. type: Content of: <dl><dd><p>
+msgid ""
+"I have another suggestion which is voluntary payments. Suppose every player "
+"had a button you could push to send a dollar to the artist who made the work "
+"you're currently playing or the last one you played. This money would be "
+"delivered anonymously to those artists. I think a lot of people would push "
+"that button fairly often."
+msgstr ""
+"æçå¦ä¸ä¸ªå»ºè®®æ¯å¿æ¿æ¯ä»ãå设æ¯ä¸ªææ¾å¨é½æä¸ä¸ªä½
å¯ä»¥ä¸æå°±ç»æ£å¨ææ¾æåæ"
+"æ¾è¿çèºæ¯å®¶ä¸åé±çæé®ï¼è¿äºé±å°å¿åå°è½¬ç»è¿äºèºæ¯å®¶ãæè§å¾è®¸å¤äººä¼ç»å¸¸æ"
+"è¿ä¸ªæé®ã"
+
+#. type: Content of: <dl><dd><p>
+msgid ""
+"For instance, all of us could afford to push that button once every day, and "
+"we wouldn't miss that much money. It's not that much money for us, I'm "
+"pretty sure. Of course, there are poor people who couldn't afford to push "
+"it ever, and it's OK if they don't. We don't need to squeeze money out of "
+"poor people to support the artists. There are enough people who are not "
+"poor to do the job just fine. I'm sure you're aware that a lot of people "
+"really love certain art and are really happy to support the artists."
+msgstr ""
+"ä¾å¦ï¼æ们æ¯ä¸ªäººé½è´æ
å¾èµ·æ¯å¤©æä¸æ¬¡ï¼æ们ä¸ä¼æ
å¿é£ç¹é±ã对æ们æ¥è¯´ï¼é£æ¯å°"
+"é±ï¼æå¾ç¡®å®ãå½ç¶ï¼ä¹æ穷人ä¸æ¬¡é½æä¸èµ·ï¼é£ä¹æ²¡é®é¢ãæ们ä¸éè¦å榨穷人æ¥æ¯"
+"æèºæ¯å®¶ãä¸æ¯ç©·äººç人å¤å¤äºãæ确信å¾å¤äººççå欢æäºèºæ¯ï¼èä¸ççå¾é«å
´è½"
+"æ¯æè¿äºèºæ¯å®¶ã"
+
+#. type: Content of: <dl><dd><p>
+msgid ""
+"An idea just came to me. The player could also give you a certificate of "
+"having supported so-and-so, and it could even count up how many times you "
+"had done it and give you a certificate that says “I sent so much to "
+"these artists”. There are various ways we could encourage people who "
+"want to do it."
+msgstr ""
+"æåååæäºä¸ä¸ªå¿µå¤´ãææ¾å¨ä¹å¯ä»¥ç»ä½
åæ¯æäºè¿ä¸ªé£ä¸ªçè¯ä¹¦ï¼çè³å¯ä»¥ä¸ºä½ å"
+"äºå¤å°æ¬¡è®°æ°å¹¶å¨è¯ä¹¦ä¸è¯´“æ为æ¤èºæ¯å®¶è´¡ç®äºxxx”ãæå¾å¤æ¹æ³å¯ä»¥é¼"
+"å±é£äºæ³è¦æ¯æç人们ã"
+
+#. type: Content of: <dl><dd><p>
+msgid ""
+"For instance, we could have a PR campaign which is friendly and kind: “"
+"Have you sent a dollar to some artists today? Why not? It's only a "
+"dollar—you'll never miss it and don't you love what they're doing? "
+"Push the button!” It will make people feel good, and they'll think "
+"“Yeah, I love what I just watched. I'll send a dollar.”"
+msgstr ""
+"ä¾å¦ï¼æ们å¯ä»¥ç»ç»ä¸ä¸ªååçå
Œ
³æ´»å¨ï¼“ä½
ä»å¤©ç»èºæ¯å®¶ä¸åé±äºåï¼ä¸ºä»ä¹"
+"没æï¼ä¸åé±èå·²——ä½ ä¸ä¼å¨ä¹çãé¾éä½
ä¸å欢è¿äºèºæ¯å®¶ï¼åªé轻轻"
+"ä¸æï¼”è¿ä¼è®©äººæè§å¥½æ£ï¼ä»ä»¬ä¼æ³“æ¯åï¼æå欢æçå°çãæèµä¸å"
+"é±ã”"
+
+#. type: Content of: <dl><dd><p>
+msgid ""
+"This is already starting to work to some extent. There's a Canadian singer "
+"who used to be called Jane Siberry. She put her music on her website and "
+"invited people to download it and pay whatever amount they wished. She "
+"reported getting an average of more than a dollar per copy, which is "
+"interesting because the major record companies charge just under a dollar "
+"per copy. By letting people decide whether and how much to pay, she got "
+"more—she got even more per visitor who was actually downloading "
+"something. But this might not even count whether there was an effect of "
+"bringing more people to come, and [thus] increasing the total number that "
+"this average was against."
+msgstr ""
+"è¿ä¸ªå·²ç»å¨æç§ç¨åº¦ä¸å¼å§äºãæ个å«å Jane Siberry çå
æ¿å¤§ææã她æèªå·±çæ"
+"æ¾å°ç½ç«ä¸å¹¶è®©äººä»¬ä¸è½½ï¼ä½
æ¿æä»å¤å°é±é½è¡ã她æ¥å说平åä¸ä¸ªæ·è´é«äºä¸åé±ï¼"
+"è¿å°±æææäºï¼å 为主æµå±çå
¬å¸ä¸å¼
å±çæ¯ä¸åé±å°ãéè¿è®©äººä»¬èªå·±è§å¾æ¯å¦ä»è´¹"
+"åä»å¤å°ï¼å¥¹æ£å°æ´å¤——她平åä»æ¯ä¸ªå®é
ä¸è½½ç访客é£éæ£å°æ´å¤ãä½"
+"æ¯è¿ä¸ªå¯è½è¿æ²¡æèèä¼ææ´å¤è®¿å®¢çæåºï¼[å
æ¤]æ»æ°ä¼æ´å¤ã"
+
+#. type: Content of: <dl><dd><p>
+msgid ""
+"So it can work, but it's a pain in the neck under present circumstances. "
+"You've got to have a credit card to do it, and that means you can't do it "
+"anonymously. And you've got to go find where you're going to pay, and the "
+"payment systems for small amounts, they're not very efficient, so the "
+"artists are only getting half of it. If we set up a good system for this, "
+"it would work far, far better."
+msgstr ""
+"æ以ï¼è¿ä¸ªè¡å¾éï¼ä½æ¯ç®åè¿æä¸ä¸ªçç¹ãä½ å¿
é¡»è¦æä¿¡ç¨å¡æè½ä»é±ï¼è¿æå³çä½ "
+"æ æ³å¿åãèä¸ä½
è¿è¦æ¾å°å¨åªéä»é±ï¼å°é¢æ¯ä»ä¹ä¸æ¯é£ä¹é«æï¼å
æ¤èºæ¯å®¶åªå¾å°"
+"ä¸åçé±ãå¦ææ们为æ¤å»ºç«ä¸ä¸ªä¼è´¨çç³»ç»ï¼é£ä¹è¿è¡èµ·æ¥ä¼å¥½å¾å¤ã"
+
+#. type: Content of: <dl><dd><p>
+msgid "So these are my two suggestions."
+msgstr "è¿å°±æ¯æç两个建议ã"
+
+#. type: Content of: <dl><dd><p>
+msgid ""
+"And in mecenatglobal.org, you can find another scheme that combines aspects "
+"of the two, which was invented by Francis Muguet and designed to fit in with "
+"existing legal systems better to make it easier to enact."
+msgstr ""
+"å¨ mecenatglobal.org ç½ç«ï¼ä½
å¯ä»¥çå°å¦ä¸ç§æ两个çç¥ç»åå¨ä¸èµ·çæ¹æ³ï¼é£æ¯ "
+"Francis Muguet
åæçï¼å®åç°æçæ³å¾ç³»ç»ç»åå¾æ´å¥½ï¼ä¹å°±æ´å®¹æå®æ½ã"
+
+#. type: Content of: <dl><dd><p>
+msgid ""
+"Be careful of proposals to “compensate the rights holders”, "
+"because when they say “compensate”, they're trying to presume "
+"that if you have appreciated a work, you now have a specific debt to "
+"somebody, and that you have to “compensate” that somebody. When "
+"they say “rights holders”, it's supposed to make you think it's "
+"supporting artists while in fact it's going to the publishers—the same "
+"publishers who basically exploit all the artists (except the few that you've "
+"all heard of, who are so popular that they have clout)."
+msgstr ""
+"请å°å¿é£äº “è¡¥å¿æå©ææè
” çæè®®ï¼å
为å½æ人说 “è¡¥å¿"
+"” æ¶ï¼ä»ä»¬å°±å¨åå®å¦æä½ æ¬£èµæ个ä½åï¼é£ä¹ä½ å°±æ¬
äºæ人çåºï¼è¿æ ·ä½ å°±è¦ "
+"“补忔 æ人ãå½æ人说 “æå©ææè
”
æ¶ï¼ä»ä»¬å¨åå®ä½ æ³"
+"çæ¯æ¯æèºæ¯å®¶ï¼èäºå®ä¸ä»ä»¬è¯´çæ¯åºçå——å°±æ¯é£äºå¥åææèºæ¯å®¶"
+"çåºçåï¼é¤äºé£äºç¥åçèºæ¯å®¶ï¼ä»ä»¬å¤ªå欢è¿å
èæäºå½±ååï¼ã"
+
+#. type: Content of: <dl><dd><p>
+msgid ""
+"We don't owe a debt; we have nobody that we have to “"
+"compensate”. [But] supporting the arts is still a useful thing to "
+"do. That was the motivation for copyright back when copyright fit in with "
+"the technology of the day. Today copyright is a bad way to do it, but it's "
+"still good to do it other ways that respect our freedom."
+msgstr ""
+"æ们没æäºæ¬ ä»ä¹ï¼æ们æ é “è¡¥å¿”
ä»»ä½äººã[ä½æ¯]æ¯æèºæ¯æ¯ä¸ä»¶æ"
+"ççäºæ
ãè¿æ£æ¯çæå¨çæåææ¯å¹é
æ¶ä»£çå¨æºãä»å¤©ççæåå¾ä¸å¥½ï¼ä½æ¯ç¨å
¶"
+"ä»å°éèªç±çæ¹æ³æ¥æ¯æèºæ¯ä»ç¶æ¯ä¸ä»¶å¥½äºã"
+
+#. type: Content of: <dl><dd><p>
+msgid ""
+"Demand that they change the two evil parts of the New Zealand Copyright "
+"Act. They shouldn't replace the three strikes punishment<a href="
+"\"#footnote3\">[3]</a>, because sharing is good, and they've got to get rid "
+"of the censorship for the software to break DRM. Beware of ACTA—"
+"they're trying to negotiate a treaty between various countries, for all of "
+"these countries to attack their citizens, and we don't know how because they "
+"won't tell us."
+msgstr ""
+"请è¦æ±ä»ä»¬æ¹åæ°è¥¿å
°çææ³æ¡ç两个æ¶æé¨åãä»ä»¬ä¸åºè¯¥æä¸éæ©ç½<a href="
+"\"#footnote3\">[3]</a> æ¿æ¢æï¼å 为å享æ¯å¥½äºï¼åè
å°±æ¯ä»ä»¬åºè¯¥å»æå¯¹ç ´è§£ "
+"DRM 软件ç审æ¥ã请è¦æ
ACTA——ä»ä»¬å¨å许å¤å½å®¶è¿è¡ç£åï¼ç®çæ¯è®©è¿"
+"äºå½å®¶é½å¯¹èªå·±çå
¬æ°ä¸æï¼æ们ä¸ç¥é详æ
ï¼å
为ä»ä»¬ä¹ä¸ä¼åè¯æ们ã"
+
+#. type: Content of: <h3>
+msgid "Footnotes"
+msgstr "è注"
+
+#. type: Content of: <ol><li>
+msgid ""
+"In 2010, the encryption system for digital video output was definitively "
+"cracked."
+msgstr "å¨ 2010 å¹´ï¼æ°åè§é¢è¾åºçå å¯ç³»ç»è¢«æç»ç ´è§£ã"
+
+#. type: Content of: <ol><li>
+msgid ""
+"<a href=\"http://www.pcmag.com/article2/0,2817,2369280,00.asp\";>http://www.";
+"pcmag.com/article2/0,2817,2369280,00.asp</a>"
+msgstr ""
+"<a href=\"http://www.pcmag.com/article2/0,2817,2369280,00.asp\";>http://www.";
+"pcmag.com/article2/0,2817,2369280,00.asp</a>"
+
+#. type: Content of: <ol><li>
+msgid ""
+"2015: I included scientific papers because I thought that publishing "
+"modified versions of someone else's paper would cause harm; however, "
+"publishing physics and math papers under the Creative Commons Attribution "
+"License on <a href=\"//arxiv.org/\">arXiv.org</a> and many libre journals "
+"seems to have no problems. Thus, I subsequently concluded that scientific "
+"papers ought to be free."
+msgstr ""
+"2015 å¹´ï¼ææç§å¦è®ºæä¹å
å«è¿æ¥ï¼å
为ææ¾è§å¾å表ä»äººè®ºæçä¿®æ¹çä¸æ¯å¤ªå¥½ï¼ç¶"
+"èï¼ç¨ Creative Commons Attribution 许å¯è¯å¨ <a
href=\"//arxiv.org/\">arXiv."
+"org</a>
å许å¤èªç±åç©ä¸å表ç©çåæ°å¦è®ºæçæ¥å¹¶æ²¡æ导è´é®é¢ãå
æ¤ï¼æéåå¾"
+"åºç»è®ºç§å¦è®ºæåºè¯¥èªç±ã"
+
+#. type: Content of: <ol><li>
+msgid ""
+"New Zealand had enacted a system of punishment without trial for Internet "
+"users accused of copying; then, facing popular protest, the government did "
+"not implement it, and announced a plan to implement a modified unjust "
+"punishment system. The point here was that they should not proceed to "
+"implement a replacement — rather, they should have no such system. "
+"However, the words I used don't say this clearly."
+msgstr ""
+"æ°è¥¿å
°è¦æ§è¡ä¸ä¸ªå¯¹è¢«æ§å¤å¶çäºèç½ç¨æ·ä¸è¿è¡åºå®¡å°±æ©ç½çç³»ç»ï¼ç¶åé¢ä¸´å¤§è§æ¨¡"
+"æè®®ï¼æ¿åºæ²¡æå®æ½è¯¥æ©ç½ç³»ç»ï¼å¹¶å®£ç§°è®¡åæ§è¡ä¸ä¸ªä¿®æ¹ççéæ£ä¹æ©ç½ç³»ç»ãéç¹"
+"æ¯ä»ä»¬ä¸åºè¯¥ç»§ç»è®¡åæ§è¡ç±»ä¼¼çæ©ç½ç³»ç»——èæ¯åè¿æ¥ï¼ä»ä»¬åºè¯¥åé¤"
+"è¿æ ·çç³»ç»ãä¸è¿ï¼æçç¨è¯æ²¡ææ¸
æ¥å°è¯´æè¿ä¸ç¹ã"
+
+#. type: Content of: <ol><li>
+msgid ""
+"The New Zealand government subsequently implemented the punishment scheme "
+"more or less as originally planned."
+msgstr "æ°è¥¿å
°æ¿åºéåå®æ½å°æ©ç½ç³»ç»ååæ¥çç³»ç»å·®ä¸å¤ã"
+
+#. type: Content of: <ol><li>
+msgid ""
+"That was true at the time. As of 2018, it is possible to load books from "
+"other sources, but the device reports the name of the book being read to "
+"Amazon servers; thus, Amazon knows every book that you read on the device, "
+"regardless of where you got the book."
+msgstr ""
+"è¿å¨å½æ¶æ¯å¯¹çãå¨ 2018 å¹´ï¼ä»å
¶ä»å°æ¹å
载书ç±åå¾å¯è½ï¼ä½æ¯è®¾å¤è¿æ¯ä¼å "
+"Amazon æå¡å¨æ±æ¥å·²è¯»ç书åï¼å æ¤ï¼Amazon è¿æ¯ç¥éä½
读çæ¯ä¸æ¬ä¹¦ï¼æ è®ºä½ å¨åª"
+"éå¾å°ç书ã"
+
+#. TRANSLATORS: Use space (SPC) as msgstr if you don't have notes.
+#. type: Content of: <div>
+msgid "*GNUN-SLOT: TRANSLATOR'S NOTES*"
+msgstr ""
+"<h3>è¯æ³¨</h3>\n"
+"<ol>\n"
+"<li id=\"TransNote1\">nz-libsï¼ä¸ä¸ªèåæ°è¥¿å
°é®ä»¶å表ï¼è®¨è®ºå
³äºå¾ä¹¦é¦åä¿¡æ¯æ"
+"å¡ã</li>\n"
+"<li id=\"TransNote2\">è¿é Richard ç¨äºä¸¤ä¸ªåå
³è±è¯ï¼è¡¨ç¤ºå¹½é»ã</li>\n"
+"<li id=\"TransNote3\">è¿é Windows æ¯ä¸ªåå
³è±è¯ï¼æ¢è¡¨ç¤º Windows
æä½ç³»ç»ï¼ä¹"
+"表示çªæ·ã</li>\n"
+"<li id=\"TransNote4\">Statute of Anneï¼æå®å¦®å¥³çæ¶äº 1709
å¹´éè¿çãçæ"
+"æ³ãã</li>\n"
+"<li id=\"TransNote5\">J.K.
Rowlingï¼è±å½ä½å®¶ï¼åä½äºåå©Â·æ³¢ç¹ã</li>\n"
+"</ol>"
+
+#. type: Content of: <div><div><p>
+msgid ""
+"Please send general FSF & GNU inquiries to <a href=\"mailto:gnu@gnu.org";
+"\"><gnu@gnu.org></a>. There are also <a href=\"/contact/\">other ways "
+"to contact</a> the FSF. Broken links and other corrections or suggestions "
+"can be sent to <a href=\"mailto:webmasters@gnu.org\";><webmasters@gnu."
+"org></a>."
+msgstr ""
+"请å°æå
³èªç±è½¯ä»¶åºéä¼(FSF) & GNUçä¸è¬æ§é®é¢åéå°<a
href=\"mailto:";
+"gnu@gnu.org\"><gnu@gnu.org></a>ãä¹å¯ä»¥éè¿<a
href=\"/contact/\">å
¶ä»è"
+"ç³»æ¹æ³</a>èç³»èªç±è½¯ä»¶åºéä¼(FSF)ãæå
³å¤±æé¾æ¥æå
¶ä»é误å建议ï¼è¯·åéé®ä»¶å°"
+"<a href=\"mailto:webmasters@gnu.org\";><webmasters@gnu.org></a>ã"
+
+#
+#
+#
+#. TRANSLATORS: Ignore the original text in this paragraph,
+#. replace it with the translation of these two:
+#. We work hard and do our best to provide accurate, good quality
+#. translations. However, we are not exempt from imperfection.
+#. Please send your comments and general suggestions in this regard
+#. to <a href="mailto:web-translators@gnu.org";>
+#. <web-translators@gnu.org></a>.</p>
+#. <p>For information on coordinating and submitting translations of
+#. our web pages, see <a
+#. href="/server/standards/README.translations.html">Translations
+#. README</a>.
+#. type: Content of: <div><div><p>
+msgid ""
+"Please see the <a href=\"/server/standards/README.translations.html"
+"\">Translations README</a> for information on coordinating and submitting "
+"translations of this article."
+msgstr ""
+"æ们尽æ大åªåæ¥æä¾ç²¾ååé«è´¨éçç¿»è¯ï¼ä½é¾å
ä¼åå¨é误åä¸è¶³ãå¦ææ¨å¨è¿æ¹"
+"é¢æè¯è®ºæä¸è¬æ§ç建议ï¼è¯·åéè³ <a
href=\"mailto:web-translators@gnu.org";
+"\"><web-translators@gnu.org></a>ã</p><p>å
³äºè¿è¡åè°ä¸æ交翻è¯çæ´å¤ä¿¡"
+"æ¯åè§ <a href=\"/server/standards/README.translators.html\">ãè¯è
æåã</"
+"a>ã"
+
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
+msgid ""
+"Copyright © 2001, 2007, 2009, 2014, 2015, 2016, 2018, 2019, 2020 Free "
+"Software Foundation, Inc."
+msgstr ""
+"Copyright © 2001, 2007, 2009, 2014, 2015, 2016, 2018, 2019, 2020 Free "
+"Software Foundation, Inc."
+
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
+msgid ""
+"This page is licensed under a <a rel=\"license\" href=\"http://";
+"creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nd/4.0/\">Creative Commons Attribution-"
+"NoDerivatives 4.0 International License</a>."
+msgstr ""
+"æ¬é¡µé¢ä½¿ç¨ <a rel=\"license\"
href=\"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-";
+"nd/4.0/\">Creative Commons Attribution-NoDerivatives 4.0 International "
+"License</a> ææã"
+
+#. TRANSLATORS: Use space (SPC) as msgstr if you don't want credits.
+#. type: Content of: <div><div>
+msgid "*GNUN-SLOT: TRANSLATOR'S CREDITS*"
+msgstr ""
+"<b>ç¿»è¯å¢é</b>ï¼<a rel=\"team\"
href=\"https://savannah.gnu.org/projects/";
+"www-zh-cn/\"><CTT></a>ï¼2021ã"
+
+#. timestamp start
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
+msgid "Updated:"
+msgstr "æåæ´æ°ï¼"
| [Prev in Thread] |
Current Thread |
[Next in Thread] |
- www/philosophy/po copyright-versus-community.zh...,
Wensheng XIE <=