www/philosophy/po copyright-and-globalization.z...

[Wensheng XIE]

CVSROOT:        /web/www
Module name:    www
Changes by:     Wensheng XIE <wxie>     21/04/09 06:43:27

Added files:
        philosophy/po  : copyright-and-globalization.zh-cn.po 

Log message:
        zh-cn: new translation

CVSWeb URLs:
http://web.cvs.savannah.gnu.org/viewcvs/www/philosophy/po/copyright-and-globalization.zh-cn.po?cvsroot=www&rev=1.1

Patches:
Index: copyright-and-globalization.zh-cn.po
===================================================================
RCS file: copyright-and-globalization.zh-cn.po
diff -N copyright-and-globalization.zh-cn.po
--- /dev/null   1 Jan 1970 00:00:00 -0000
+++ copyright-and-globalization.zh-cn.po        9 Apr 2021 10:43:26 -0000       
1.1
@@ -0,0 +1,2271 @@
+# Simplified Chinese translation of 
https://www.gnu.org/philosophy/copyright-and-globalization.html
+# Copyright (C) 2020 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
+# This file is distributed under the same license as the original article.
+# Wensheng Xie <wxie@member.fsf.org>, 2021.
+#
+msgid ""
+msgstr ""
+"Project-Id-Version: copyright-and-globalization.html\n"
+"POT-Creation-Date: 2020-12-08 11:55+0000\n"
+"PO-Revision-Date: 2021-04-09 18:38+0800\n"
+"Last-Translator: Wensheng Xie <wxie@member.fsf.org>\n"
+"Language-Team: Chinese <www-zh-cn.translators@gnu.org>\n"
+"Language: zh_CN\n"
+"MIME-Version: 1.0\n"
+"Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8\n"
+"Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit\n"
+
+#. type: Content of: <title>
+msgid ""
+"Copyright and Globalization in the Age of Computer Networks - GNU Project - "
+"Free Software Foundation"
+msgstr "网络时代的版权和国际化 - GNU 工程 - 自由软件基金会"
+
+#. type: Content of: <h2>
+msgid "Copyright and Globalization in the Age of Computer Networks"
+msgstr "网络时代的版权和国际化"
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"<i>The following is an edited transcript from a speech given at <abbr title="
+"\"Massachusetts Institute of Technology\">MIT</abbr> in the Communications "
+"Forum on Thursday, April 19, 2001 from 5:00pm - 7:00pm</i>"
+msgstr ""
+"<i>以下是经过编辑的演讲实录。该演讲于 2001 年 4 月 19 
日下午 5 点到 7 点在 "
+"<abbr title=\"Massachusetts Institute of Technology\">MIT</abbr> 
的通讯论坛做"
+"出。"
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"<b>DAVID THORBURN, moderator</b>: Our speaker today, Richard Stallman, is a "
+"legendary figure in the computing world, and my experience in trying to find "
+"a respondent to share the podium with him was instructive.  One "
+"distinguished <abbr>MIT</abbr> professor told me that Stallman needs to be "
+"understood as a charismatic figure in a biblical parable &mdash; a kind of "
+"Old Testament anecdote-lesson.  &ldquo;Imagine,&rdquo; he said, &ldquo;a "
+"Moses or a Jeremiah &mdash; better a Jeremiah.&rdquo; And I said, &ldquo;"
+"Well, that's very admirable.&rdquo;"
+msgstr ""
+"<b>DAVID THORBURN，主持人</b>：我们今天的演讲嘉宾——Richard 
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+"ä¸–ç•Œçš„ä¼ å¥‡äººç‰©ï¼Œè€Œæˆ‘ä¸ºä»–åŒ¹é…å…
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+"abbr> 的一位知名教授对我说，Stallman 
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+"&mdash;&mdash;å°±åƒä¼ è¯´çš„è‹±é›„ã€‚&ldquo;想象一下,&rdquo; 
他说，&ldquo;摩西或耶利"
+"米&mdash;，最好是耶利米。&rdquo;我说，&ldquo;啊，那真是太令人敬仰了。&rdquo;"
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"That sounds wonderful.  It confirms my sense of the kind of contribution he "
+"has made to the world.  Then why are you reluctant to share the podium with "
+"him?&rdquo; His answer: &ldquo;Like Jeremiah or Moses, he would simply "
+"overwhelm me.  I won't appear on the same panel him, but if you asked me to "
+"name five people alive in the world who have truly helped us all, Richard "
+"Stallman would be one of them.&rdquo;"
+msgstr ""
+"真的很棒。这使我进一步确信了他对世界做出的贡献。那么ä½
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+"讲台呢？&rdquo;他回答说：&ldquo;就像耶利米或摩西一æ 
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+"æˆ‘ä¸è¦å’Œä»–å‡ºçŽ°åœ¨ä¸€ä¸ªèˆžå°ä¸Šï¼Œä½†æ˜¯å¦‚æžœä½ 
问我世界上现在还在世的 5 个真正帮助了大"
+"家的人，Richard Stallman 是其中之一。&rdquo;"
+
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+"<b>RICHARD STALLMAN</b>: I should [begin by explaining why I have refused to "
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+"issue is: The software they use for web broadcasting requires the user to "
+"download certain software in order to receive the broadcast.  That software "
+"is not free software.  It's available at zero price but only as an "
+"executable, which is a mysterious bunch of numbers."
+msgstr ""
+"<b>RICHARD STALLMAN</b>：我应该 
[以解释我为什么拒绝了该论坛被网播来开头]，以"
+"免大家不完全清楚å…
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+#. type: Content of: <p>
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+"What it does is secret.  You can't study it; you can't change it; and you "
+"certainly can't publish it in your own modified version.  And those are "
+"among the freedoms that are essential in the definition of &ldquo;free "
+"software.&rdquo;"
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+"å®ƒåšäº†ä»€ä¹ˆæ˜¯ä¸ªç§˜å¯†ã€‚ä½ æ— æ³•ç ”ç©¶è¿™ä¸ªè½¯ä»¶ï¼›ä½ æ— 
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定义的基本自由。"
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"So if I am to be an honest advocate for free software, I can hardly go "
+"around giving speeches, then put pressure on people to use nonfree "
+"software.  I'd be undermining my own cause.  And if I don't show that I take "
+"my principles seriously, I can't expect anybody else to take them seriously."
+msgstr ""
+"å› æ­¤ï¼Œå¦‚æžœæˆ‘æ˜¯ä¸€ä¸ªçœŸæ­£çš„è‡ªç”±è½¯ä»¶å€¡å¯¼è€…
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+"çœŸï¼Œæˆ‘å°±æ— æ³•æœŸå¾…åˆ«äººä¼šè®¤çœŸå¯¹å¾…ã€‚"
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"However, this speech is not about free software.  After I'd been working on "
+"the free software movement for several years and people started using some "
+"of the pieces of the GNU operating system, I began getting invited to give "
+"speeches [at which] &hellip; people started asking me: &ldquo;Well, how do "
+"the ideas about freedom for software users generalize to other kinds of "
+"things?&rdquo;"
+msgstr ""
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+"始使用 GNU 
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[演讲中] &hellip;人"
+"们开始问我：&ldquo;那么，如何把软件自由的想法推广到å…
¶ä»–事情呢？&rdquo;"
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"And, of course, people asked silly questions like, &ldquo;Well, should "
+"hardware be free?&rdquo; &ldquo;Should this microphone be free?&rdquo;"
+msgstr ""
+"当然，人们也会问一些弱智的问题，比如 
&ldquo;那么，硬件是否应该是自由的呢？"
+"&rdquo; &ldquo;这个话筒是否应该是自由的？&rdquo;"
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"Well, what does that mean? Should you be free to copy it and change it? "
+"Well, as for changing it, if you buy the microphone, nobody is going to stop "
+"you from changing it.  And as for copying it, nobody has a microphone "
+"copier.  Outside of &ldquo;Star Trek,&rdquo; those things don't exist.  "
+"Maybe some day there'll be nanotechnological analyzers and assemblers, and "
+"it really will be possible to copy a physical object, and then these issues "
+"of whether you're free to do that will start being really important.  We'll "
+"see agribusiness companies trying to stop people from copying food, and that "
+"will become a major political issue, if that technological capability will "
+"ever exist.  I don't know if it will; it's just speculation at this point."
+msgstr ""
+"å¯æ˜¯ï¼Œè¿™æ˜¯ä»€ä¹ˆæ„æ€å‘¢ï¼Ÿæ˜¯ä½ 
æœ‰è‡ªç”±å¤åˆ¶å’Œæ›´æ”¹å®ƒå—ï¼Ÿå¥½å§ï¼Œå¯¹äºŽæ›´æ”¹ï¼Œå¦‚æžœæ˜¯ä½ ä¹°çš„"
+"è¯ç­’ï¼Œæ²¡äººä¼šæ‹¦ç€ä½ 
更改它。对于复制，没有人有复制话筒的机器。除了在 
&ldquo;"
+"Star Trek&rdquo; 
里，而那些并不存在。也许将来有纳米科技的分析器和重构器，而复"
+"制物理器件成为可能，那时是否有自由复制物理器件的问题就开始真正重要起来。如果"
+"技术真的发展到那一步，我们会看到食品å…
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+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"But for other kinds of information, you can raise the issue because any kind "
+"of information that can be stored on a computer, conceivably, can be copied "
+"and modified.  So the ethical issues of free software, the issues of a "
+"user's right to copy and modify software, are the same as such questions for "
+"other kinds of published information.  Now I'm not talking about private "
+"information, say, personal information, which is never meant to be available "
+"to the public at all.  I'm talking about the rights you should have if you "
+"get copies of published things where there's no attempt to keep them secret."
+msgstr ""
+"ä½†æ˜¯å¯¹å…¶ä»–ç±»åž‹çš„ä¿¡æ¯ï¼Œä½ å¯ä»¥æé—®é¢˜ï¼Œå› 
为计算机可以存储任何信息，可想而知，它"
+"们可以被复制和修改。所以自由软件的道德问题，用户复制和修改软件的权利，和å
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+"公开信息的问题是一æ 
·çš„。现在，我要讨论的不是隐私信息，比如，不是私人信息，这"
+"äº›ä¿¡æ¯æœ¬å°±ä¸åº”è¯¥æ˜¯å…¬å¼€çš„ã€‚æˆ‘è¦è®¨è®ºçš„æ˜¯ä½ å¯¹å…
¬å¼€å¯å¾—信息的权利，这些信息并没有"
+"保密的必要。"
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"In order to explain my ideas on the subject, I'd like to review the history "
+"of the distribution of information and of copyright.  In the ancient world, "
+"books were written by hand with a pen, and anybody who knew how to read and "
+"write could copy a book about as efficiently as anybody else.  Now somebody "
+"who did it all day would probably learn to be somewhat better at it, but "
+"there was not a tremendous difference.  And because the copies were made one "
+"at a time, there was no great economy of scale.  Making ten copies took ten "
+"times as long as making one copy.  There was also nothing forcing "
+"centralization; a book could be copied anywhere."
+msgstr ""
+"为了解释我对此问题的想法，我要回顾一下分发信息和版权的历史。在古代，书是人用"
+"ç¬”æ‰‹å†™å‡ºæ¥çš„ï¼Œå› 
而读书认字的人抄书的效率都差不多。虽然有人可能整天抄书变得更"
+"快一点，但是差距也有限。由于抄书只能一次一本，所以经济性也不高。抄
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+"要花抄 1 本书的 10 
å€æ—¶é—´ï¼Œè€Œä¸”ä¹Ÿæ²¡æœ‰å¯èƒ½é›†ä¸­ç®¡ç†â€”â€”åœ¨å“ªé‡ŒæŠ„ä¹¦éƒ½ä¸€æ ·ã€‚"
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"Now because of this technology, because it didn't force copies to be "
+"identical, there wasn't in the ancient world the same total divide between "
+"copying a book and writing a book.  There are things in between that made "
+"sense.  They did understand the idea of an author.  They knew, say, that "
+"this play was written by Sophocles but in between writing a book and copying "
+"a book, there were other useful things you could do.  For instance, you "
+"could copy a part of a book, then write some new words, copy some more and "
+"write some new words and on and on.  This was called &ldquo;writing a "
+"commentary&rdquo; &mdash; that was a common thing to do &mdash; and these "
+"commentaries were appreciated."
+msgstr ""
+"å› ä¸ºå½“æ—¶çš„æŠ€æœ¯æ¡ä»¶å°±æ˜¯é‚£æ ·ï¼Œä¹Ÿå› ä¸ºæŠ„ä¹¦ä¹Ÿæ²¡æœ‰è¦æ±‚å¿…
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+"和写书也没多大分别。当然抄书和写书也是有不同的，大家都知道作è€
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+"道，比方说，这个戏剧是 Sophocles 
写的；但是在抄书和写书中还有其他一些有益的事"
+"å¯ç”¨åšã€‚ä¾‹å¦‚ï¼Œä½ 
可以只抄书的一部分，然后写点新东西，再抄一部分，然后再写点新"
+"东西，如此如此。这就是 
&ldquo;撰写批注&rdquo;&mdash;&mdash;一个常见的做法"
+"&mdash;&mdash;批注很有价值。"
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"You could also copy a passage out of one book, then write some other words, "
+"and copy a passage from another book and write some more and so on, and this "
+"was making a compendium.  Compendia were also very useful.  There are works "
+"that are lost but parts of them survived when they were quoted into other "
+"books that got to be more popular than the original.  Maybe they copied the "
+"most interesting parts, and so people made a lot of copies of these, but "
+"they didn't bother copying the original because it wasn't interesting enough."
+msgstr ""
+"ä½ 
还可以从一本书里抄一段，然后再从另一本书里抄一段，然后再自己写一段，然后再"
+"抄一段书，如此如此，这就是摘选。摘选也非常有用。有些著作遗失了，但是å
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+"åˆ†ç”±äºŽè¢«å…¶ä»–æ›´æµè¡Œçš„ä¹¦å¼•ç”¨è€Œä¿ç•™ä¸‹æ¥ã€‚ä¹Ÿè®¸æ˜¯å› 
为他们摘抄了其中最有趣的部分，"
+"所以这些书又被抄了许多遍，但是如果原来的部分不是那么有趣，他们也不会抄录。"
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"Now as far as I can tell, there was no such thing as copyright in the "
+"ancient world.  Anyone who wanted to copy a book could copy the book.  Later "
+"on, the printing press was developed and books started to be copied on the "
+"printing press.  Now the printing press was not just a quantitative "
+"improvement in the ease of copying.  It affected different kinds of copying "
+"unevenly because it introduced an inherent economy of scale.  It was a lot "
+"of work to set the type and much less work to make many identical copies of "
+"the page.  So the result was that copying books tended to become a "
+"centralized, mass-production activity.  Copies of any given book would "
+"probably be made in only a few places."
+msgstr ""
+"目前就我所知，古代没有版权这一说。人们想复制就可以复制一本书。后来，有了印刷"
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+
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+"It also meant that ordinary readers couldn't copy books efficiently.  Only "
+"if you had a printing press could you do that.  So it was an industrial "
+"activity."
+msgstr ""
+"è¿™ä¹Ÿæ„å‘³ç€æ™®é€šè¯»è€…æ— æ³•é«˜æ•ˆå¤åˆ¶ä¹¦ç±ï¼Œé™¤éžä½ 
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+"动。"
+
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+"Now for the first few centuries of printing, printed books did not totally "
+"replace hand-copying.  Hand-copied books were still made, sometimes by rich "
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+"people did it because maybe they didn't have enough money to buy a printed "
+"copy but they had the time to copy a book by hand.  As the song says, &ldquo;"
+"Time ain't money when all you got is time.&rdquo;"
+msgstr ""
+"å°åˆ·å‡ºçŽ°çš„å¤´å‡ ä¸ªä¸–çºªï¼Œå°åˆ·ç‰ˆä¹¦ç±æ²¡æœ‰å®Œå…
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+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"So hand-copying was still done to some extent.  I think it was in the 1800s "
+"that printing actually got to be cheap enough that even poor people could "
+"afford printed books if they were literate."
+msgstr ""
+"å› æ­¤ï¼Œæ‰‹æŠ„æœ¬è¿˜ç»´æŒä¸€å®šçš„æ°´å¹³ã€‚æˆ‘è®¤ä¸ºåœ¨ 1800 
年代左右，印刷变得非常便宜，有文"
+"化的穷人也开始负担得起印刷本。"
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
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+"Now copyright was developed along with the use of the printing press and "
+"given the technology of the printing press, it had the effect of an "
+"industrial regulation.  It didn't restrict what readers could do; it "
+"restricted what publishers and authors could do.  Copyright in England was "
+"initially a form of censorship.  You had to get government permission to "
+"publish the book.  But the idea has changed.  By the time of the U.S. "
+"Constitution, people came to a different idea of the purpose of copyright, "
+"and I think that that idea was accepted in England as well."
+msgstr ""
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+"念，我理解这个理念也被英国接受。"
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
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+"For the U.S. Constitution it was proposed that authors should be entitled to "
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+"rejected.  Instead, a crucially different proposal was adopted which is "
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+"their behavior to get them to do something that serves the public."
+msgstr ""
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+"选人在被选举之前已经被商业收买了。当然，候选人知道谁是主子&mdash;&mdash;他们"
+"知道在为谁干事&mdash;&mdash;他们通过的法律会给商业更大的权力。"
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"What will happen with that particular battle, we don't know.  But meanwhile "
+"Australia has passed a similar law and Europe is almost finished adopting "
+"one; so the plan is to leave no place on earth where this information can be "
+"made available to people.  But the U.S.  remains the world leader in trying "
+"to stop the public from distributing information that's been published."
+msgstr ""
+"那个斗争的结果会如何，我们还不知道。但是与此同时，澳大利亚通过了类似的法律，"
+"æ¬§æ´²ä¹Ÿå‡ ä¹Žå®Œæˆäº†ä¸€æ 
·çš„事；所以大家看到的是地球上不再有地方可以向人们公开 
DVD "
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¬å¼€çš„信息方面还是世界的领头羊。"
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"The U.S. though is not the first country to make a priority of this.  The "
+"Soviet Union treated it as very important.  There this unauthorized copying "
+"and redistribution was known as Samizdat and to stamp it out, they developed "
+"a series of methods: First, guards watching every piece of copying equipment "
+"to check what people were copying to prevent forbidden copying.  Second, "
+"harsh punishments for anyone caught doing forbidden copying. You could be "
+"sent to Siberia.  Third, soliciting informers, asking everyone to rat on "
+"their neighbors and co-workers to the information police.  Fourth, "
+"collective responsibility &mdash; You! You're going to watch that group! If "
+"I catch any of them doing forbidden copying, you are going to prison.  So "
+"watch them hard.  And, fifth, propaganda, starting in childhood to convince "
+"everyone that only a horrible enemy of the people would ever do this "
+"forbidden copying."
+msgstr ""
+"不过，美国并不是第一个重视这件事的国家。前苏联曾对此非常重视。在前苏联æ—
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+"ä½ å¯èƒ½å› 
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对一组人负责！如果我抓到其中任何人违"
+"è§„ï¼Œé‚£ä¹ˆä½ ä¹Ÿè¦è¿›ç›‘ç‹±ã€‚å› æ­¤ï¼Œæœ€å¥½çœ‹ç´§ç‚¹ã€‚ç¬¬äº”ï¼Œå®£ä¼ 
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+"敌人才会非法复制的思想。"
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
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+"The U.S. is using all of these measures now.  First, guards watching copying "
+"equipment.  Well, in copy stores, they have human guards to check what you "
+"copy.  But human guards to watch what you copy in your computer would be too "
+"expensive; human labor is too expensive.  So they have robot guards.  That's "
+"the purpose of the Digital Millennium Copyright Act.  This software goes in "
+"your computer; it's the only way you can access certain data and it stops "
+"you from copying."
+msgstr ""
+"现在，美国也在使用同æ 
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+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
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+"There's a plan now to introduce this software into every hard disk, so that "
+"there could be files on your hard disk that you can't even access except by "
+"getting permission from some network server to access the file.  And to "
+"bypass this software or even tell other people how to bypass it is a crime."
+msgstr ""
+"ç›®å‰çš„è®¡åˆ’æ˜¯åœ¨æ¯å—ç¡¬ç›˜ä¸Šéƒ½éƒ¨ç½²è¿™ç§è½¯ä»¶ï¼Œé‚£æ ·åœ¨ä½ 
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+"件都是犯罪。"
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"Second, harsh punishments.  A few years ago, if you made copies of something "
+"and handed them out to your friends just to be helpful, this was not a "
+"crime; it had never been a crime in the U.S.  Then they made it a felony, so "
+"you could be put in prisons for years for sharing with your neighbor."
+msgstr ""
+"ç¬¬äºŒï¼Œä¸¥åŽ‰å¤„ç½šã€‚å‡ å¹´å‰ï¼Œä½ 
为了帮助朋友复制一些东西并不是犯罪；在美国，这从来"
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年监狱。"
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
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+"Third, informers.  Well, you may have seen the ads on TV, the ads in the "
+"Boston subways asking people to rat on their co-workers to the information "
+"police, which officially is called the Software Publishers Association."
+msgstr ""
+"ç¬¬ä¸‰ï¼Œçº¿äººã€‚ä½ 
可能在电视上看过广告，波士顿地铁的广告要人们向信息警察报告同事"
+"的消息，信息警察的正式名称是软件出版商联盟。"
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
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+"And fourth, collective responsibility.  In the U.S., this has been done by "
+"conscripting Internet service providers, making them legally responsible for "
+"everything their customers post.  The only way they can avoid always being "
+"held responsible is if they have an invariable procedure to disconnect or "
+"remove the information within two weeks after a complaint.  Just a few days "
+"ago, I heard that a clever protest site criticizing City Bank for some of "
+"its nasty policies was disconnected in this way.  Nowadays, you don't even "
+"get your day in court; your site just gets unplugged."
+msgstr ""
+"第四，连带责任。在美国，这个通过绑定网络提供商来搞定，网络服务商要对å
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æ­¤è¢«æ–­ç½‘ã€‚çŽ°å¦‚ä»Šï¼Œä½ ç”šè‡³æ²¡æœ‰æ—¶"
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+"And, finally, propaganda, starting in childhood.  That's what the word "
+"&ldquo;pirate&rdquo; is used for.  If you'll think back a few years, the "
+"term &ldquo;pirate&rdquo; was formerly applied to publishers that didn't pay "
+"the author.  But now it's been turned completely around.  It's now applied "
+"to members of the public who escape from the control of the publisher.  It's "
+"being used to convince people that only a nasty enemy of the people would "
+"ever do this forbidden copying.  It says that &ldquo;sharing with your "
+"neighbor is the moral equivalent of attacking a ship.&rdquo; I hope that you "
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+"word in that way."
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+"æœ€åŽï¼Œå®£ä¼ ã€‚ä»–ä»¬ç”¨çš„å­—çœ¼æ˜¯ &ldquo;盗版&rdquo;ã€‚å¦‚æžœåœ¨å‡ 
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§ä»–们的意思使用这个词。"
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
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+"So the publishers are purchasing laws to give themselves more power.  In "
+"addition, they're also extending the length of time the copyright lasts.  "
+"The U.S. Constitution says that copyright must last for a limited time, but "
+"the publishers want copyright to last forever.  However, getting a "
+"constitutional amendment would be rather difficult, so they found an easier "
+"way that achieves the same result.  Every 20 years they retroactively extend "
+"copyright by 20 years.  So the result is, at any given time, copyright "
+"nominally lasts for a certain period and any given copyright will nominally "
+"expire some day.  But that expiration will never be reached because every "
+"copyright will be extended by 20 years every 20 years; thus no work will "
+"ever go into the public domain again.  This has been called &ldquo;perpetual "
+"copyright on the installment plan.&rdquo;"
+msgstr ""
+"å› 
此，出版商购买法律来给他们更多的权力。此外，他们还延长了版权的有效年限。美"
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·çš„话，没有作品会成为共有领域"
+"的作品。这就是 &ldquo;版权永久执行的计划。&rdquo;"
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
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+"The law in 1998 that extended copyright by 20 years is known as the &ldquo;"
+"Mickey Mouse Copyright Extension Act&rdquo; because one of the main sponsors "
+"of this law was Disney.  Disney realized that the copyright on Mickey Mouse "
+"was going to expire, and they don't want that to ever happen because they "
+"make a lot of money from that copyright."
+msgstr ""
+"这个 1998 年的延长版权 20 年法律就是 &ldquo;ç±³è€é¼ 
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+"it's carried out by a number of policies which are done in the name of "
+"economic efficiency or so-called free-trade treaties, which really are "
+"designed to give business power over laws and policies.  They're not really "
+"about free trade.  They're about a transfer of power: removing the power to "
+"decide laws from the citizens of any country who might conceivably consider "
+"their own interests and giving that power to businesses who will not "
+"consider the interests of those citizens."
+msgstr ""
+"本来，这次讲话的题目应该是 &ldquo;版权与å…
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+
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+"Democracy is the problem in their view, and these treaties are designed to "
+"put an end to the problem.  For instance, <abbr title=\"North American Free "
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+"他们还在扩展 <abbr>NAFTA</abbr> 
çš„èŒƒå›´ã€‚æ¯”å¦‚ï¼Œç¾Žæ´²è‡ªç”±è´¸æ˜“åŒºçš„ä¸€ä¸ªç›®æ ‡å°±æ˜¯æŠŠ"
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勒比各国，而多边投资协议的企图是将其扩展到全世界。"
+
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+"One thing we've seen in the '90s is that these treaties begin to impose "
+"copyright throughout the world, and in more powerful and restrictive ways.  "
+"These treaties are not free-trade treaties.  They're actually corporate-"
+"controlled trade treaties being used to give corporations control over world "
+"trade, in order to eliminate free trade."
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+
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+"When the U.S. was a developing country in the 1800s, the U.S. did not "
+"recognize foreign copyrights.  This was a decision made carefully, and it "
+"was an intelligent decision.  It was acknowledged that for the U.S.  to "
+"recognize foreign copyrights would just be disadvantageous, that it would "
+"suck money out and wouldn't do much good."
+msgstr ""
+"在十九世纪初，当美国还是一个发展中国家时，美国并不承认外国版权。这个决定是深"
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+
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+"The same logic would apply today to developing countries but the U.S.  has "
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+"it's a mistake to speak of the interests of countries in this context.  In "
+"fact, I'm sure that most of you have heard about the fallacy of trying to "
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+"Americans lost $1 billion and Bill Gates gained $2 billion, would Americans "
+"generally be better off? Would this be good for America? Or if you look only "
+"at the total, it looks like it's good.  However, this example really shows "
+"that the total is the wrong way to judge because Bill Gates really doesn't "
+"need another $2 billion, but the loss of the $1 billion by other people who "
+"don't have as much to start with might be painful."
+msgstr ""
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起来的方法来判断公众利"
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亿美元，但是其他没有太多积蓄"
+"的人损失 10 亿美元会是痛苦的。"
+
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+"Well, in a discussion about any of these trade treaties, when you hear "
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听到人们说这个国家的利益或那个国家的利益，他们都是"
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å¿½ç•¥è¯¥åå®šæ˜¯å¦è®©è´¢å¯Œæ›´ä¸å‡ï¼Œå°±è±¡åœ¨ç¾Žå›½ä¸€æ ·ã€‚"
+
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+"So it's really not the U.S. interest that is being served by enforcing "
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+"doesn't, in any sense, serve the public interest."
+msgstr ""
+"å› æ­¤ï¼Œåœ¨å…
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·ï¼Œå®ƒéƒ½ä¸æ˜¯ä¸ºäº†å…¬ä¼—的利益。"
+
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+"But what would make sense to do? If we believe in the goal of copyright "
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+"computer network? Clearly, instead of increasing copyright powers, we have "
+"to pull them back so as to give the general public a certain domain of "
+"freedom where they can make use of the benefits of digital technology, make "
+"use of their computer networks.  But how far should that go? That's an "
+"interesting question because I don't think we should necessarily abolish "
+"copyright totally."
+msgstr ""
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+#. type: Content of: <p>
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+
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+
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+"issues.  I didn't do this because I think it's the most important political "
+"issue in the world.  I did it because it was the area where I saw I had to "
+"use my skills to do a lot of good.  But what's happened is that the general "
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+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
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+msgstr "<b>互动</b>："
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+#. type: Content of: <p>
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+"two key elements.  One is the recognition that old assumptions about "
+"copyright, old usages of copyright are inappropriate; they are challenged or "
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+"as falling off a log to pay when you get the urge, so that there's nothing "
+"to discourage you except the actual amount of money.  And if that's small "
+"enough, why should it discourage you.  We know, though, that fans can really "
+"love musicians, and we know that encouraging fans to copy and redistribute "
+"the music has been done by some bands that were, and are, quite successful "
+"like the &ldquo;Grateful Dead.&rdquo; They didn't have any trouble making a "
+"living from their music because they encouraged fans to tape it and copy the "
+"tapes.  They didn't even lose their record sales."
+msgstr ""
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音乐为生，他们并没有"
+"å› 
为鼓励乐迷复制和分发磁带就穷困潦倒。他们的唱片销量甚至也没有损失。"
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"We are gradually moving from the age of the printing press to the age of the "
+"computer network, but it's not happening in a day.  People are still buying "
+"lots of records, and that will probably continue for many years &mdash; "
+"maybe forever.  As long as that continues, simply having copyrights that "
+"still apply to commercial sales of records ought to do about as good a job "
+"of supporting musicians as it does today.  Of course, that's not very good, "
+"but, at least, it won't get any worse."
+msgstr ""
+"我们正逐渐从印刷时代走向计算机网络时代，这个过程不会一蹴而就。人们还会购买大"
+"量的唱片，这个可能还会持续很久&mdash;&mdash;或许永久
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 ·ã€‚当"
+"然，这并不是说它很好，只是至少它没变得更糟糕。"
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid "<b>DISCUSSION</b>:"
+msgstr "<b>讨论</b>："
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"<b>QUESTION</b>: [A comment and question about free downloading and about "
+"Stephen King's attempt to market one of his novels serially over the web.]"
+msgstr ""
+"<b>问题</b>：[一个关于自由下载和 Stephen King 在网络上推广å…
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+"场活动的评论和问题。]"
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"<b>STALLMAN</b>: Yes, it's interesting to know what he did and what "
+"happened.  When I first heard about that, I was elated.  I thought, maybe he "
+"was taking a step towards a world that is not based on trying to maintain an "
+"iron grip on the public.  Then I saw that he had actually written to ask "
+"people to pay.  To explain what he did, he was publishing a novel as a "
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+"release more.&rdquo; But the request he wrote was hardly a request.  It brow-"
+"beat the reader.  It said, &ldquo;If you don't pay, then you're evil.  And "
+"if there are too many of you who are evil, then I'm just going to stop "
+"writing this.&rdquo;"
+msgstr ""
+"<b>STALLMAN</b>：是的，他的所作所为以及后来发生的事听来很有趣。当我第一次提说"
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+"是作恶。如果作恶的人太多，那么我就不再写了。&rdquo;"
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"Well, clearly, that's not the way to make the public feel like sending you "
+"money.  You've got to make them love you, not fear you."
+msgstr ""
+"ä½ çœ‹ï¼Œå¾ˆæ˜Žæ˜¾ï¼Œè¿™ä¸æ˜¯è®©å¤§å®¶è§‰å¾—åº”è¯¥ä»˜è´¹çš„æ–¹æ³•ã€‚ä½ 
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+"ä½ ã€‚"
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
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+"<b>SPEAKER</b>: The details were that he required a certain percentage "
+"&mdash; I don't know the exact percentage, around 90% sounds correct &mdash; "
+"of people to send a certain amount of money, which, I believe, was a dollar "
+"or two dollars, or somewhere in that order of magnitude.  You had to type in "
+"your name and your e-mail address and some other information to get to "
+"download it and if that percentage of people was not reached after the first "
+"chapter, he said that he would not release another chapter.  It was very "
+"antagonistic to the public downloading it."
+msgstr ""
+"<b>听众</b>：具体细节是他要求一个比例&mdash;&mdash;å…
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+"下载文稿的读者是非常有敌意的。"
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"<b>QUESTION</b>: Isn't the scheme where there's no copyright but people are "
+"asked to make voluntary donations open to abuse by people plagiarizing?"
+msgstr "<b>问题</b>ï¼šä¸é ç‰ˆæƒï¼Œè€Œæ˜¯é 
自愿捐助的方法不会导致抄袭泛滥吗？"
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"<b>STALLMAN</b>: No.  That's not what I proposed.  Remember, I'm proposing "
+"that there should be copyright covering commercial distribution and "
+"permitting only verbatim redistribution non-commercially.  So anyone who "
+"modified it to put in a pointer to his website, instead of a pointer to the "
+"real author's website, would still be infringing the copyright and could be "
+"sued exactly as he could be sued today."
+msgstr ""
+"<b>STALLMAN</b>：不。我没有建议那么做。回想一下，我的提议是用版权应对商业发"
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+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"<b>QUESTION</b>: I see.  So you're still imagining a world in which there is "
+"copyright?"
+msgstr "<b>问题</b>ï¼šæˆ‘æ˜Žç™½äº†ã€‚é‚£ä¹ˆä½ 
仍然在构想一个有版权的世界？"
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"<b>STALLMAN</b>: Yes.  As I've said, for those kinds of works.  I'm not "
+"saying that everything should be permitted.  I'm proposing to reduce "
+"copyright powers, not abolish them."
+msgstr ""
+"<b>STALLMAN</b>：是的。如我所说，这个世界为多种作品而存在。我不是说任何事æƒ
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+"被允许。我建议减少版权的权力，而不是摈弃之。"
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"<b>THORBURN</b>: I guess one question that occurred to me while you were "
+"speaking, Richard, and, again, now when you're responding here to this "
+"question is why you don't consider the ways in which the computer, itself, "
+"eliminates the middle men completely &mdash; in the way that Stephen King "
+"refused to do &mdash; and might establish a personal relationship."
+msgstr ""
+"<b>THORBURN</b>：Richardï¼Œåˆšæ‰ä½ 
æ¼”è®²æ—¶ï¼Œæˆ‘æƒ³åˆ°ä¸€ä¸ªé—®é¢˜ã€‚çŽ°åœ¨ï¼Œä½ å›žç­”é—®é¢˜æ—¶ï¼Œ"
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+"间人&mdash;&mdash;不是 Stephen King 
拒绝使用的方法&mdash;&mdash;而是建立一种"
+"个人关系。"
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"<b>STALLMAN</b>: Well, they can and, in fact, this voluntary donation is one."
+msgstr "<b>STALLMAN</b>：好吧，它们可以。实际
ä¸Šï¼Œè‡ªæ„¿æåŠ©å°±æ˜¯è¿™æ ·çš„æ–¹æ³•ã€‚"
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"<b>THORBURN</b>: You think of that as not involving going through a "
+"publisher at all?"
+msgstr "<b>THORBURN</b>ï¼šä½ è®¤ä¸ºè¿™ä¸ªå°±åƒæ˜¯å®Œå…
¨æ²¡æœ‰ç»è¿‡å‡ºç‰ˆå•†å—？"
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"<b>STALLMAN</b>: Absolutely not.  I hope it won't, you see, because the "
+"publishers exploit the authors terribly.  When you ask the publishers' "
+"representatives about this, they say, &ldquo;Well, yes, if an author or if a "
+"band doesn't want to go through us, they shouldn't be legally required to go "
+"through us.&rdquo; But, in fact, they're doing their utmost to set it up so "
+"that will not be feasible.  For instance, they're proposing restricted "
+"copying media formats and in order to publish in these formats, you'll have "
+"to go through the big publishers because they won't tell anyone else how to "
+"do it.  So they're hoping for a world where the players will play these "
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+"it'll have to come through the publishers."
+msgstr ""
+"<b>STALLMAN</b>ï¼šç»å¯¹æ²¡æœ‰ã€‚æˆ‘å¸Œæœ›å®ƒæ²¡æœ‰ï¼Œä½ çŸ¥é“ï¼Œå› 
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+"版商。"
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
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+"So, in fact, while there's no law against an author or a musician publishing "
+"directly, it won't be feasible.  There's also the lure of maybe hitting it "
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+msgstr ""
+"所以，虽然没有法律阻止作者或音乐家直接发表，但是实际
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+"是他们可能就被诱惑着签了合同，后面就一直被套牢。"
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
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+"print, the rights revert to the author, and publishers have generally not "
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+"as an excuse to say that it's never going out of print; so they never have "
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+msgstr ""
+"出版商倾向于不遵守给作者
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+"了；权力都在出版商这边。"
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"<b>QUESTION</b>: Would it be good to have free licenses for various kinds of "
+"works that protect for every user the freedom to copy them in whatever is "
+"the appropriate way for that kind of work?"
+msgstr ""
+"<b>问题</b>：各种作品都使用自由许可证来保护用户用适当方法复制这些作品的自由好"
+"吗？"
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
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+"share with your neighbor, and if anyone tries to tell you that you cannot "
+"share with your neighbor, you should not listen to him."
+msgstr ""
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该如何平衡废弃版权的需求和经济"
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+
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+
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+"变得一团糟。"
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
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+msgstr "<b>THORBURN</b>ï¼šå¥½çš„ï¼Œé‚£ä¹ˆå…¶ä»–ä¸¤ç±»æ€Žä¹ˆæ ·ï¼Ÿ"
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
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+"know whether people will write some day novels without worrying about "
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+"this capacity of the living things they grow to copy themselves.  Farming "
+"is, basically, copying the things that you grew and you keep copying them "
+"every year.  When plant and animal varieties get patented, when genes are "
+"patented and used in them, the result is that farmers are being prohibited "
+"from doing this."
+msgstr ""
+"å› æ­¤ï¼Œè¿™ä¸ªé—®é¢˜æ˜¯ä¸€ä¸ªéžå¸¸é‡è¦çš„é—®é¢˜ï¼Œä½†æ˜¯å®ƒæ˜¯ä¸€ä¸ªå®Œå…
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+"&mdash;&mdash;生长的东西。它们生产时就会自我复制。不是完å
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+"但事实是，一直以来农民都在利用作物的这个能力。农业，基本上就是复制他们种的东"
+"è¥¿ï¼Œæ¯å¹´éƒ½å¤åˆ¶ã€‚å½“ä½œç‰©å’ŒåŠ¨ç‰©çš„å˜ç§æœ‰äº†ä¸“åˆ©ï¼Œå½“åŸºå› 
有了专利并应用于作物，结果"
+"就是农民被禁止复制。"
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"There is a farmer in Canada who had a patented variety growing on his field "
+"and he said, &ldquo;I didn't do that deliberately.  The pollen blew, and the "
+"wind in those genes got into my stock of plants.&rdquo; And he was told that "
+"that doesn't matter; he has to destroy them anyway.  It was an extreme "
+"example of how much government can side with a monopolist."
+msgstr ""
+"ä¸€ä¸ªåŠ 
拿大农民的田里生长着一种带专利的变种，他说，&ldquo;我并不是有意为之。花"
+"ç²‰è¢«é£Žå¹åˆ°æˆ‘çš„ç”°é‡Œï¼Œç»“æžœå°±æœ‰äº†è¿™äº›åŸºå› 
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+"物销毁了。这是政府会偏袒垄断集团到何种程度的极端例子。"
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"So I believe that, following the same principles that I apply to copying "
+"things on your computer, farmers should have an unquestioned right to save "
+"their seeds and breed their livestock.  Maybe you could have patents "
+"covering seed companies, but they shouldn't cover farmers."
+msgstr ""
+"å› æ­¤ï¼Œæˆ‘åšä¿¡ï¼Œæ ¹æ®å’Œå¤åˆ¶ç”µè„‘é‡Œçš„ä¸œè¥¿ä¸€æ 
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+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"<b>QUESTION</b>: There's more to making a model successful than just the "
+"licensing.  Can you speak to that?"
+msgstr "<b>问题</b>ï¼šè®©è½¯ä»¶æˆåŠŸæ¯”æŽˆæƒæ›´æœ‰ç›Šã€‚ä½ è§‰å¾—æ˜¯è¿™æ 
·å—？"
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"<b>STALLMAN</b>: Absolutely.  Well, you know, I don't know the answers.  But "
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+"information is idealism.  People have to recognize that it's important for "
+"this information to be free, that when the information is free, you can make "
+"full use of it.  When it's restricted, you can't.  You have to recognize "
+"that the nonfree information is an attempt to divide them and keep them "
+"helpless and keep them down.  Then they can get the idea, &ldquo;Let's work "
+"together to produce the information we want to use, so that it's not under "
+"the control of some powerful person who can dictate to us what we can do."
+"&rdquo;"
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+"<b>STALLMAN</b>：绝对是这æ 
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+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
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+"you're looking for textbooks, I think I see a way it can be done.  There are "
+"a lot of teachers in the world, teachers who are not at prestigious "
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+"&mdash; where they don't write and publish a lot of things and there's not a "
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+"appreciation from the people who will have learned from them."
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+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
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+"<b>QUESTION</b>: That's what I proposed.  But the funny thing is, I do know "
+"the history of education.  That's what I do &mdash; educational, electronic "
+"media projects.  I couldn't find an example.  Do you know of one?"
+msgstr ""
+"<b>问题</b>：我也曾这么建议。但是可笑的是，我并不了解教育史。我做了&mdash;"
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知道吗？"
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"<b>STALLMAN</b>: No, I don't.  I started proposing this free encyclopedia "
+"and learning resource a couple of years ago, and I thought it would probably "
+"take a decade to get things rolling.  Now we already have an encyclopedia "
+"that is rolling.  So things are going faster than I hoped.  I think what's "
+"needed is for a few people to start writing some free textbooks.  Write one "
+"about whatever is your favorite subject or write a fraction of one.  Write a "
+"few chapters of one and challenge other people to write the rest."
+msgstr ""
+"<b>STALLMAN</b>ï¼šä¸ï¼Œæˆ‘ä¸çŸ¥é“ã€‚æˆ‘åœ¨å‡ 
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+"节。"
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"<b>QUESTION</b>: Actually what I was looking for is something even more than "
+"that.  What's important in your kind of structure is somebody that creates "
+"an infrastructure to which everybody else can contribute.  There isn't a K "
+"through 12 infrastructure out there in any place for a contribution for "
+"materials."
+msgstr ""
+"<b>问题</b>ï¼šå®žé™…ä¸Šï¼Œæˆ‘åœ¨æ‰¾æ¯”è¿™æ›´å¤šçš„ä¸œè¥¿ã€‚ä½ 
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+"献。"
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
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+"I can get information from lots of places but it's not released under free "
+"licenses, so I can't use it to make a free textbook."
+msgstr ""
+"我可以从好多地方获得信息，但都不是自由许可证，所以我不能用它们制作自由的教科"
+"书。"
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"<b>STALLMAN</b>: Actually, copyright doesn't cover the facts.  It only "
+"covers the way it's written.  So you can learn a field from anywhere and "
+"then write a textbook, and you can make that textbook free, if you want."
+msgstr ""
+"<b>STALLMAN</b>：实际
ä¸Šï¼Œç‰ˆæƒä¸ç®¡è¿™ä¸ªã€‚å®ƒåªæ¶‰åŠä½œå“æ˜¯æ€Žä¹ˆå†™çš„ã€‚å› æ­¤ï¼Œä½ 
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+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
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+"<b>QUESTION</b>: But I can't write by myself all the textbooks that a "
+"student needs going through school."
+msgstr "<b>问题</b>ï¼šä½†æ˜¯æˆ‘è‡ªå·±æ— 
法撰写学生需要的所有教科书。"
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"<b>STALLMAN</b>: Well, it's true.  And I didn't write a whole, free "
+"operating system, either.  I wrote some pieces and invited other people to "
+"join me by writing other pieces.  So I set an example.  I said, &ldquo;I'm "
+"going in this direction.  Join me and we'll get there.&rdquo; And enough "
+"people joined in that we got there.  So if you think in terms of, how am I "
+"going to get this whole gigantic job done, it can be daunting.  So the point "
+"is, don't look at it that way.  Think in terms of taking a step and "
+"realizing that after you've taken a step, other people will take more steps "
+"and, together, it will get the job done eventually."
+msgstr ""
+"<b>STALLMAN</b>：是的，没错。我也没有编写整个自由软件操作系统。我写了一部分，"
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·ã€‚我说，&ldquo;我要往这个方"
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+"é‚£ä¹ˆçœ‹é—®é¢˜ã€‚å…ˆè€ƒè™‘ä¸€å°æ­¥ï¼Œè¦äº†è§£åœ¨ä½ 
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+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
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+"Assuming that humanity doesn't wipe itself out, the work we do today to "
+"produce the free educational infrastructure, the free learning resource for "
+"the world, that will be useful for as long as humanity exists.  If it takes "
+"20 years to get it done, so what? So don't think in terms of the size of the "
+"whole job.  Think in terms of the piece that you're going to do.  That will "
+"show people it can be done, and so others will do other pieces."
+msgstr ""
+"假定人类没有毁灭自己，我们今天为人类创建了自由教育设施、自由教育资源，它会一"
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+
+#. type: Content of: <blockquote><p>
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+"This speech is published in <a href=\"http://shop.fsf.org/product/free-";
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+"Essays of Richard M. Stallman</cite></a>."
+msgstr ""
+"本演讲发表于 <a href=\"http://shop.fsf.org/product/free-software-free-";
+"society/\"><cite>自由软件，自由世界：理查德·斯托曼选集</cite></a>。"
+
+#. TRANSLATORS: Use space (SPC) as msgstr if you don't have notes.
+#. type: Content of: <div>
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+msgstr ""
+"<h3>译注</h3>\n"
+"<ol>\n"
+"<li id=\"TransNote1\">原文是：it is now a Draconian restriction on a 
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+"<li id=\"TransNote2\">folk process：指民间故
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+"grade，是国际社会对基础教育的统称。</li>\n"
+"</ol>"
+
+#. type: Content of: <div><div><p>
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+
+#
+#
+#
+#.  TRANSLATORS: Ignore the original text in this paragraph,
+#.         replace it with the translation of these two:
+#.         We work hard and do our best to provide accurate, good quality
+#.         translations.  However, we are not exempt from imperfection.
+#.         Please send your comments and general suggestions in this regard
+#.         to <a href="mailto:web-translators@gnu.org";>
+#.         &lt;web-translators@gnu.org&gt;</a>.</p>
+#.         <p>For information on coordinating and submitting translations of
+#.         our web pages, see <a
+#.         href="/server/standards/README.translations.html">Translations
+#.         README</a>. 
+#. type: Content of: <div><div><p>
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+
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+"Foundation, Inc."
+msgstr ""
+"Copyright &copy; 2001, 2007, 2008, 2012, 2014, 2018, 2020 Free Software "
+"Foundation, Inc."
+
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
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+"This page is licensed under a <a rel=\"license\" href=\"http://";
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+msgstr ""
+"本页面使用 <a rel=\"license\" 
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+"License</a> 授权。"
+
+#. TRANSLATORS: Use space (SPC) as msgstr if you don't want credits.
+#. type: Content of: <div><div>
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+msgstr ""
+"<b>翻译团队</b>：<a rel=\"team\" 
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+"www-zh-cn/\">&lt;CTT&gt;</a>，2021。"
+
+#.  timestamp start 
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+msgid "Updated:"
+msgstr "最后更新："