www/encyclopedia free-encyclopedia-1999-draft.t...

[Ali Reza Hayati]

CVSROOT:        /web/www
Module name:    www
Changes by:     Ali Reza Hayati <arh>   21/01/01 10:25:08

Removed files:
        encyclopedia   : free-encyclopedia-1999-draft.txt 
                         free-encyclopedia-1999-draft.html 

Log message:
        Removed the wrong files

CVSWeb URLs:
http://web.cvs.savannah.gnu.org/viewcvs/www/encyclopedia/free-encyclopedia-1999-draft.txt?cvsroot=www&r1=1.1&r2=0
http://web.cvs.savannah.gnu.org/viewcvs/www/encyclopedia/free-encyclopedia-1999-draft.html?cvsroot=www&r1=1.2&r2=0

Patches:
Index: free-encyclopedia-1999-draft.txt
===================================================================
RCS file: free-encyclopedia-1999-draft.txt
diff -N free-encyclopedia-1999-draft.txt
--- free-encyclopedia-1999-draft.txt    31 Dec 2020 11:50:27 -0000      1.1
+++ /dev/null   1 Jan 1970 00:00:00 -0000
@@ -1,140 +0,0 @@
-This is a 1998 version of my plan for a free universal encyclopedia
-plus learning resource. I sent it to the organizer of an ACM SIGCSE
-conference scheduled for March 26, 1999, and spoke about the plan
-there; I assumed that they were publishing something about my talk,
-such as the text below, but in fact they did not. Crossed signals, I
-guess.
-
-
-The Free Universal Encyclopedia and Learning Resource
--- Richard Stallman
-
-
-The World Wide Web has the potential to develop into a universal
-encyclopedia and a library of interactive self-teaching materials,
-covering all subjects at all levels, all freely accessible for
-everyone in the world. Given the number of people who will be in a
-position to contribute, this is the most natural way for the web to
-develop if left to itself.
-
-But this development is not inevitable; corporations are mobilizing to
-direct the future on a different course, in which they restrict the
-use of learning materials so as to extract money from people who want
-to learn. How can we ensure that progress continues towards this best
-and most natural outcome? Here are some ideas.
-
-* Evangelize.
-
-Since we hope that professors and students at many universities around
-the US and the world will join in writing articles for the free
-encyclopedia, let's not leave this to chance. There are already
-scattered examples of what can be done. Let's present these examples
-systematically to the academic community, show the vision of the free
-universal encyclopedia, and invite for others to join in writing it.
-
-* Small steps will do the job.
-
-When a project is exciting, it is easy to imagine a big contribution
-that you would like to make, bite off more than you can chew, and
-ultimately give up with nothing to show for it.
-
-So it is important to welcome and encourage smaller contributions.
-Writing a textbook for a whole semester's material is a big job, and
-few teachers will have the time to contribute that much. But writing
-about a topic small enough for one meeting of a class is a manageable
-job, and many of these small maps can survey the whole world of
-knowledge.
-
-* Don't limit the scope.
-
-The free encyclopedia has the potential to provide articles and
-self-teaching materials on every imaginable topic. It should cover
-all academic subjects from mathematics to art history, and practical
-subjects as well. It should cover them at all levels which are
-useful, ranging from kindergarten to graduate school.
-
-A useful encyclopedia entry will address a specific topic at a
-particular level, and each author will contribute mainly by focusing
-on an area that he or she knows very well. But we should keep in the
-back of our minds the vision of an free encyclopedia that is universal
-in scope, and firmly reject any attempt to limit it.
-
-* Access for everyone.
-
-The universal encyclopedia should be open to public access by everyone
-who can access the web. There are some who seek to gain control over
-educational materials, so they can profit by restricting access to
-them; they will push for us to "compromise" by agreeing to restrict
-access. Here we must stand firm.
-
-* Permit mirror sites.
-
-When information is available on the web only at one site, its
-availability is vulnerable. Any sort of local problem--a computer
-crash, an earthquake or flood, a budget cut, a change in policy of the
-school administration--could cut off access for everyone. To guard
-against loss of the encyclopedia's material, we should make sure that
-every article can be available in more than one place, and that new
-places can be added if some disappear.
-
-There is no need to set up an organization or a bureaucracy to do
-this, because Internet users like to set up "mirror sites" providing
-duplicate copies of interesting web pages, and will do it on their
-own. But we do have to make sure they are legally allowed to do it.
-So each article should explicitly grant irrevocable permission for
-anyone to make verbatim copies available on mirror sites. This
-permission should be one of the basic stated principles of the free
-encyclopedia.
-
-Some day there may be systematic efforts to ensure that all parts of
-the encyclopedia are replicated in many copies--perhaps at least once
-on each of the six inhabited continents. This would be a natural
-extension of the mission of archiving that libraries undertake today.
-But there is no need to make plans for this now. It is sufficient to
-keep door open for people to do it later.
-
-* Permit translation into other languages.
-
-People will have a use for encyclopedia articles on each topic in any
-and all human languages. But the primary language of the Internet--as
-of the world of commerce and science today--is English. So it may
-happen that contributions in English will outstrip other languages,
-and that the encyclopedia will as approach completeness in English
-long before other languages.
-
-If this is what happens, trying to fight it would be self-defeating.
-It would be much wiser to let the English version serve as a stepping
-stone for versions in other languages. However, in order for this to
-happen, we must we avoid policies that could block it from happening.
-
-Therefore, a basic principle of the free encyclopedia should be that
-accurate translations are always permitted, and each article should
-carry a statement permitting such translations. The author of the
-original page can reserve the right to insist on corrections in a
-translation, to make it more accurate, but the translator's right to
-publish a translation should not be in question as long as the
-requested corrections are made.
-
-* Take the long view.
-
-If it takes twenty years to complete the free encyclopedia, we should
-not feel impatient. That will be a blink of the eye in comparison
-with the history of literature, a moment in the history of
-encyclopedias.
-
-In projects like this, progress is slow for the first few years; then
-it accelerates as more and more people join in, and eventually
-avalanches. It makes sense to choose the first steps to illustrate
-what can be done, and to spread interest in the long-term goal to
-inspire others to join in.
-
-This means that the pioneers' job, in the early years, is above all to
-be steadfast. We must be on guard against downgrading to a less
-complete, less thorough goal because of the magnitude of the task.
-Instead of measuring our early steps against the size of the whole
-job, we should think of them as examples, and have confidence that
-they will inspire more and more contributors to join and finish the
-job.
-
-Copyright 1999 Richard Stallman
-Creative Commons Attribution-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License

Index: free-encyclopedia-1999-draft.html
===================================================================
RCS file: free-encyclopedia-1999-draft.html
diff -N free-encyclopedia-1999-draft.html
--- free-encyclopedia-1999-draft.html   1 Jan 2021 05:25:38 -0000       1.2
+++ /dev/null   1 Jan 1970 00:00:00 -0000
@@ -1,208 +0,0 @@
-<!--#include virtual="/server/header.html" -->
-<!-- Parent-Version: 1.79 -->
-<title>The Free Universal Encyclopedia and Learning Resource (1999 draft)
-- GNU Project - Free Software Foundation</title>
-<!--#include virtual="/encyclopedia/po/free-encyclopedia.translist" -->
-<!--#include virtual="/server/banner.html" -->
-<h2>The Free Universal Encyclopedia and Learning Resource - (1999 draft)</h2>
-
-<img src="/encyclopedia/logo.png" alt=" [Encyclopedia logo] " class="imgright" 
style="width:10.6em" />
-
-<h3><a href="/encyclopedia/free-encyclopedia.html">Latest Version</a></h3>
-
-<p>by <strong>Richard Stallman</strong></p>
-
-<i>This is a 1999 draft of my plan for a free universal encyclopedia plus
-learning resource.  I sent it to the organizer of a conference, and
-spoke about it there; I assumed that they were publishing the text
-  below, but in fact they did not.</i>
-
-<p>The World Wide Web has the potential to develop into a universal
-encyclopedia and a library of interactive self-teaching materials,
-covering all subjects at all levels, all freely accessible for
-everyone in the world.  Given the number of people who will be in a
-position to contribute, this is the most natural way for the web to
-  develop if left to itself.</p>
-
-<p>But this development is not inevitable; corporations are mobilizing to
-direct the future on a different course, in which they restrict the
-use of learning materials so as to extract money from people who want
-to learn.  How can we ensure that progress continues towards this best
-  and most natural outcome?  Here are some ideas.</p>
-
-<h4>Evangelize.</h4>
-<p>Since we hope that professors and students at many universities around
-the US and the world will join in writing articles for the free
-encyclopedia, let's not leave this to chance.  There are already
-scattered examples of what can be done.  Let's present these examples
-systematically to the academic community, show the vision of the free
-  universal encyclopedia, and invite for others to join in writing it.</p>
-
-<h4>Small steps will do the job.</h4>
-<p>When a project is exciting, it is easy to imagine a big contribution
-that you would like to make, bite off more than you can chew, and
-  ultimately give up with nothing to show for it.</p>
-
-<p>So it is important to welcome and encourage smaller contributions.
-Writing a textbook for a whole semester's material is a big job, and
-few teachers will have the time to contribute that much.  But writing
-about a topic small enough for one meeting of a class is a manageable
-job, and many of these small maps can survey the whole world of
-  knowledge.</p>
-
-<h4>Don't limit the scope.</h4>
-<p>The free encyclopedia has the potential to provide articles and
-self-teaching materials on every imaginable topic.  It should cover
-all academic subjects from mathematics to art history, and practical
-subjects as well.  It should cover them at all levels which are
-useful, ranging from kindergarten to graduate school.
-</p>
-
-<p>A useful encyclopedia entry will address a specific topic at a
-particular level, and each author will contribute mainly by focusing
-on an area that he or she knows very well.  But we should keep in the
-back of our minds the vision of an free encyclopedia that is universal
-  in scope, and firmly reject any attempt to limit it.</p>
-
-<h4>Access for everyone.</h4>
-<p>The universal encyclopedia should be open to public access by everyone
-who can access the web.  There are some who seek to gain control over
-educational materials, so they can profit by restricting access to
-them; they will push for us to "compromise" by agreeing to restrict
-access.  Here we must stand firm.
-</p>
-
-<h4>Permit mirror sites.</h4>
-<p>When information is available on the web only at one site, its
-availability is vulnerable.  Any sort of local problem--a computer
-crash, an earthquake or flood, a budget cut, a change in policy of the
-school administration--could cut off access for everyone.  To guard
-against loss of the encyclopedia's material, we should make sure that
-every article can be available in more than one place, and that new
-  places can be added if some disappear.</p>
-
-<p>There is no need to set up an organization or a bureaucracy to do
-this, because Internet users like to set up "mirror sites" providing
-duplicate copies of interesting web pages, and will do it on their
-own.  But we do have to make sure they are legally allowed to do it.
-So each article should explicitly grant irrevocable permission for
-anyone to make verbatim copies available on mirror sites.  This
-permission should be one of the basic stated principles of the free
-  encyclopedia.</p>
-
-<p>Some day there may be systematic efforts to ensure that all parts of
-the encyclopedia are replicated in many copies--perhaps at least once
-on each of the six inhabited continents.  This would be a natural
-extension of the mission of archiving that libraries undertake today.
-But there is no need to make plans for this now.  It is sufficient to
-  keep door open for people to do it later.</p>
-
-<h4>Permit translation into other languages.</h4>
-<p>People will have a use for encyclopedia articles on each topic in any
-and all human languages.  But the primary language of the Internet--as
-of the world of commerce and science today--is English.  So it may
-happen that contributions in English will outstrip other languages,
-and that the encyclopedia will as approach completeness in English
-  long before other languages.</p>
-
-<p>If this is what happens, trying to fight it would be self-defeating.
-It would be much wiser to let the English version serve as a stepping
-stone for versions in other languages.  However, in order for this to
-  happen, we must we avoid policies that could block it from happening.</p>
-
-<p>Therefore, a basic principle of the free encyclopedia should be that
-accurate translations are always permitted, and each article should
-carry a statement permitting such translations.  The author of the
-original page can reserve the right to insist on corrections in a
-translation, to make it more accurate, but the translator's right to
-publish a translation should not be in question as long as the
-  requested corrections are made.</p>
-
-<h4>Take the long view.</h4>
-<p>If it takes twenty years to complete the free encyclopedia, we should
-not feel impatient.  That will be a blink of the eye in comparison
-with the history of literature, a moment in the history of
-  encyclopedias.</p>
-
-<p>In projects like this, progress is slow for the first few years; then
-it accelerates as more and more people join in, and eventually
-avalanches.  It makes sense to choose the first steps to illustrate
-what can be done, and to spread interest in the long-term goal to
-  inspire others to join in.</p>
-
-<p>This means that the pioneers' job, in the early years, is above all to
-be steadfast.  We must be on guard against downgrading to a less
-complete, less thorough goal because of the magnitude of the task.
-Instead of measuring our early steps against the size of the whole
-job, we should think of them as examples, and have confidence that
-they will inspire more and more contributors to join and finish the
-  job.</p>
-
-<p>Copyright 1999 Richard Stallman<br />
-  Creative Commons Attribution-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License</p>
-
-</div><!-- for id="content", starts in the include above -->
-<!--#include virtual="/server/footer.html" -->
-<div id="footer">
-<div class="unprintable">
-
-<p>Please send general FSF &amp; GNU inquiries to
-<a href="mailto:gnu@gnu.org";>&lt;gnu@gnu.org&gt;</a>.
-There are also <a href="/contact/">other ways to contact</a>
-the FSF.  Broken links and other corrections or suggestions can be sent
-to <a href="mailto:webmasters@gnu.org";>&lt;webmasters@gnu.org&gt;</a>.</p>
-
-<p><!-- TRANSLATORS: Ignore the original text in this paragraph,
-        replace it with the translation of these two:
-
-        We work hard and do our best to provide accurate, good quality
-        translations.  However, we are not exempt from imperfection.
-        Please send your comments and general suggestions in this regard
-        to <a href="mailto:web-translators@gnu.org";>
-        &lt;web-translators@gnu.org&gt;</a>.</p>
-
-        <p>For information on coordinating and submitting translations of
-        our web pages, see <a
-        href="/server/standards/README.translations.html">Translations
-        README</a>. -->
-Please see the <a
-href="/server/standards/README.translations.html">Translations
-README</a> for information on coordinating and submitting translations
-of this article.</p>
-</div>
-
-<!-- Regarding copyright, in general, standalone pages (as opposed to
-     files generated as part of manuals) on the GNU web server should
-     be under CC BY-ND 4.0.  Please do NOT change or remove this
-     without talking with the webmasters or licensing team first.
-     Please make sure the copyright date is consistent with the
-     document.  For web pages, it is ok to list just the latest year the
-     document was modified, or published.
-     
-     If you wish to list earlier years, that is ok too.
-     Either "2001, 2002, 2003" or "2001-2003" are ok for specifying
-     years, as long as each year in the range is in fact a copyrightable
-     year, i.e., a year in which the document was published (including
-     being publicly visible on the web or in a revision control system).
-     
-     There is more detail about copyright years in the GNU Maintainers
-     Information document, www.gnu.org/prep/maintain. -->
-
-<p>Copyright &copy; 1999, 2001, 2004, 2005, 2006, 2008, 2009, 2013, 2014, 
2016, 2020, 2021
-Free Software Foundation, Inc.</p>
-
-<p>This page is licensed under a <a rel="license"
-href="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nd/4.0/";>Creative
-Commons Attribution-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License</a>.</p>
-
-<!--#include virtual="/server/bottom-notes.html" -->
-
-<p class="unprintable">Updated:
-<!-- timestamp start -->
-$Date: 2021/01/01 05:25:38 $
-<!-- timestamp end -->
-</p>
-</div>
-</div>
-</body>
-</html>