[Date Prev][Date Next][Thread Prev][Thread Next][Date Index][Thread Index]
www/philosophy/po categories.id.po
|
From: |
GNUN |
|
Subject: |
www/philosophy/po categories.id.po |
|
Date: |
Tue, 8 Dec 2020 12:31:11 -0500 (EST) |
CVSROOT: /web/www
Module name: www
Changes by: GNUN <gnun> 20/12/08 12:31:11
Modified files:
philosophy/po : categories.id.po
Log message:
Automatic update by GNUnited Nations.
CVSWeb URLs:
http://web.cvs.savannah.gnu.org/viewcvs/www/philosophy/po/categories.id.po?cvsroot=www&r1=1.6&r2=1.7
Patches:
Index: categories.id.po
===================================================================
RCS file: /web/www/www/philosophy/po/categories.id.po,v
retrieving revision 1.6
retrieving revision 1.7
diff -u -b -r1.6 -r1.7
--- categories.id.po 8 Dec 2020 17:07:27 -0000 1.6
+++ categories.id.po 8 Dec 2020 17:31:10 -0000 1.7
@@ -45,12 +45,18 @@
msgstr "[Kategori Perangkat Lunak]"
#. type: Content of: <p>
+# | This [-diagram-] {+diagram, originally+} by Chao-Kuei {+and updated by
+# | several others since,+} explains the different categories of software.
+# | It's available as a <a href=\"/philosophy/category.svg\">Scalable Vector
+# | Graphic</a> and as an <a href=\"/philosophy/category.fig\">XFig
+# | [-file</a>.-] {+document</a>, under the terms of any of the GNU GPL v2 or
+# | later, the GNU FDL v1.2 or later, or the Creative Commons
+# | Attribution-Share Alike v2.0 or later.+}
#, fuzzy
#| msgid ""
-#| "This diagram by Chao-Kuei explains the different "
-#| "categories of software. It's available as a <a href=\"/philosophy/"
-#| "category.svg\">Scalable Vector Graphic</a> and as an <a href=\"/"
-#| "philosophy/category.fig\">XFig file</a>."
+#| "This diagram by Chao-Kuei explains the different categories of software. "
+#| "It's available as a <a href=\"/philosophy/category.svg\">Scalable Vector "
+#| "Graphic</a> and as an <a href=\"/philosophy/category.fig\">XFig file</a>."
msgid ""
"This diagram, originally by Chao-Kuei and updated by several others since, "
"explains the different categories of software. It's available as a <a href="
@@ -59,16 +65,22 @@
"the GNU GPL v2 or later, the GNU FDL v1.2 or later, or the Creative Commons "
"Attribution-Share Alike v2.0 or later."
msgstr ""
-"Diagram buatan Chao-Kuei ini menerangkan berbagai "
-"perbedaan kategori perangkat lunak. Tersedia sebagai <a href=\"/philosophy/"
-"category.svg\">SVG</a> (<cite>Scalable Vector Graphic</cite>), dan sebagai "
-"<a href=\"/philosophy/category.fig\">berkas XFig</a>."
+"Diagram buatan Chao-Kuei ini menerangkan berbagai perbedaan kategori "
+"perangkat lunak. Tersedia sebagai <a href=\"/philosophy/category.svg\">SVG</"
+"a> (<cite>Scalable Vector Graphic</cite>), dan sebagai <a href=\"/philosophy/"
+"category.fig\">berkas XFig</a>."
#. type: Content of: <h3>
msgid "Free software"
msgstr "Perangkat Lunak Bebas"
#. type: Content of: <p>
+# | Free software is software that comes with permission for anyone to use,
+# | copy, [-and-] {+and/or+} distribute, either verbatim or with
+# | modifications, either gratis or for a fee. In particular, this means that
+# | source code must be available. “If it's not source, it's not
+# | software.” This is a simplified [-definition;-] {+description;+} see
+# | also the <a href=\"/philosophy/free-sw.html\">full definition</a>.
#, fuzzy
#| msgid ""
#| "Free software is software that comes with permission for anyone to use, "
@@ -104,6 +116,11 @@
"\">sistem GNU/Linux</a>."
#. type: Content of: <p>
+# | There are many different ways to make a program free—many questions
+# | of detail, which could be decided in more than one way and still make the
+# | program free. Some of the possible variations are described below. {+For
+# | information on specific free software licenses, see the <a
+# | href=\"/licenses/license-list.html\">license list</a> page.+}
#, fuzzy
#| msgid ""
#| "There are many different ways to make a program free—many questions "
@@ -122,6 +139,13 @@
"dijelaskan di bawah ini."
#. type: Content of: <p>
+# | Free software is a matter of freedom, not price. But proprietary software
+# | companies [-sometimes-] {+typically+} use the term “free
+# | software” to refer to price. Sometimes they mean that you can obtain
+# | a binary copy at no charge; sometimes they mean that a copy is [-included
+# | on-] {+bundled with+} a computer that you are [-buying. This-] {+buying,
+# | and the price includes both. Either way, it+} has nothing to do with what
+# | we mean by free software in the GNU project.
#, fuzzy
#| msgid ""
#| "Free software is a matter of freedom, not price. But proprietary "
@@ -160,6 +184,19 @@
"benar perangkat lunak bebas; namun terkadang tidak."
#. type: Content of: <p>
+# | Many languages have two separate words for “free” as in
+# | freedom and “free” as in zero price. For example, French has
+# | “libre” and “gratuit”. [-English has-] {+Not so
+# | English; there is+} a word “gratis” that refers unambiguously
+# | to price, but no common adjective that refers unambiguously to freedom.
+# | [-This is unfortunate, because such a word would be useful here. We also
+# | have a-] {+So if you are speaking another language, we suggest you
+# | translate “free” into your language to make it clearer. See
+# | our+} list of <a
+# | [-href=\"/philosophy/fs-translations.html\">translations-] {+href=
+# | \"/philosophy/fs-translations.html\"> translations+} of the term [-\"free
+# | software\"</a>-] {+“free software”</a>+} into various other
+# | languages.
#, fuzzy
#| msgid ""
#| "Many languages have two separate words for “free” as in "
@@ -203,6 +240,17 @@
msgstr "Perangkat Lunak <em>Open Source</em>"
#. type: Content of: <p>
+# | The term [-âopen sourceâ-] {+“open source”+} software is
used
+# | by some people to mean more or less the same [-thing-] {+category+} as
+# | free software. [-We prefer-] {+It is not exactly+} the [-term â<a
+# | href=\"/philosophy/free-software-for-freedom.html\">free software</a>â;
+# | follow-] {+same class of software: they accept some licenses+} that [-link
+# | to see-] {+we consider too restrictive, and there are free software
+# | licenses they have not accepted. However, the differences in extension
+# | of+} the [-reasons.-] {+category are small: we know of only a few cases of
+# | source code that is open source but not free. In principle it could
+# | happen that some free programs are rejected as open source, but we don't
+# | know if that has ever happened.+}
#, fuzzy
#| msgid ""
#| "The term âopen sourceâ software is used by some people to mean more or
"
@@ -236,6 +284,10 @@
msgstr "Perangkat Lunak <em>Public domain</em>"
#. type: Content of: <p>
+# | Public domain software is software that is not copyrighted. [-It-] {+If
+# | the source code is in the public domain, that+} is a special case of <a
+# | href=\"#Non-CopyleftedFreeSoftware\">noncopylefted free software</a>,
+# | which means that some copies or modified versions may not be free at all.
#, fuzzy
#| msgid ""
#| "Public domain software is software that is not copyrighted. It is a "
@@ -294,6 +346,17 @@
msgstr "Perangkat Lunak <em>Copylefted</em>"
#. type: Content of: <p>
+# | Copylefted software is free software whose distribution terms [-do not let
+# | redistributors add any additional restrictions when they redistribute-]
+# | {+ensure that all copies of all versions carry more+} or [-modify-]
+# | {+less+} the [-software.-] {+same distribution terms.+} This [-means-]
+# | {+means, for instance,+} that [-every copy of-] {+copyleft licenses
+# | generally disallow others to add additional requirements to+} the
+# | [-software, even if it has been modified, must-] {+software (though a
+# | limited set of safe added requirements can+} be [-free software.-]
+# | {+allowed) and require making source code available. This shields the
+# | program, and its modified versions, from some of the common ways of making
+# | a program proprietary.+}
#, fuzzy
#| msgid ""
#| "Copylefted software is free software whose distribution terms do not let "
@@ -323,6 +386,12 @@
msgstr ""
#. type: Content of: <p>
+# | In the GNU Project, we copyleft almost all the software we write, because
+# | our goal is to give <em>every</em> user the freedoms implied by the term
+# | “free software.” See {+our+} <a
+# | [-href=\"/copyleft/copyleft.html\">Copyleft</a>-]
+# | {+href=\"/licenses/copyleft.html\">copyleft article</a>+} for more
+# | explanation of how copyleft works and why we use it.
#, fuzzy
#| msgid ""
#| "In the GNU Project, we copyleft almost all the software we write, because "
@@ -345,6 +414,16 @@
"kerjanya <em>copyleft</em> dan bagaimana kita menggunakannya."
#. type: Content of: <p>
+# | Copyleft is a general concept; to [-actually-] copyleft [-a-] {+an
+# | actual+} program, you need to use a specific set of distribution terms.
+# | There are many possible ways to write copyleft distribution [-terms.-]
+# | {+terms, so in principle there can be many copyleft free software
+# | licenses. However, in actual practice nearly all copylefted software uses
+# | the <a href=\"/licenses/gpl.html\">GNU General Public License</a>. Two
+# | different copyleft licenses are usually “incompatible”, which
+# | means it is illegal to merge the code using one license with the code
+# | using the other license; therefore, it is good for the community if people
+# | use a single copyleft license.+}
#, fuzzy
#| msgid ""
#| "Copyleft is a general concept; to actually copyleft a program, you need "
@@ -393,6 +472,18 @@
"lunak yang <a href=\"#ProprietarySoftware\">berpemilik</a>."
#. type: Content of: <p>
+# | The <a href=\"http://www.x.org\";>X Window System</a> illustrates this.
+# | The X Consortium release[-s-]{+d+} X11 with distribution terms that
+# | ma[-k-]{+d+}e it non[---]copylefted free [-software. If you wish, you can
+# | get a-] {+software, and subsequent developers have mostly followed the
+# | same practice. A+} copy which has those distribution terms [-and-] is
+# | [-free.-] {+free software.+} However, there are non[---]free versions as
+# | well, and there are {+(or at least were)+} popular workstations and PC
+# | graphics boards for which non[---]free versions are the only ones that
+# | work. If you are using this hardware, X11 is not free software for you.
+# | {+<a href=\"/philosophy/x.html\">The developers of X11 even made X11
+# | nonfree</a> for a while; they were able to do this because others had
+# | contributed their code under the same noncopyleft license.+}
#, fuzzy
#| msgid ""
#| "The <a href=\"http://www.x.org\";>X Window System</a> illustrates this. "
@@ -441,6 +532,10 @@
msgstr "Perangkat Lunak <em>GPL-covered</em>"
#. type: Content of: <p>
+# | The <a [-href=\"/copyleft/gpl.html\">GNU-]
+# | {+href=\"/licenses/gpl.html\">GNU+} GPL (General Public License)</a> is
+# | one specific set of distribution terms for copylefting a program. The GNU
+# | Project uses it as the distribution terms for most GNU software.
#, fuzzy
#| msgid ""
#| "The <a href=\"/copyleft/gpl.html\">GNU GPL (General Public License)</a> "
@@ -466,6 +561,10 @@
msgstr "Sistem Operasi GNU"
#. type: Content of: <p>
+# | The <a href=\"/gnu/gnu-history.html\">GNU {+operating+} system</a> is [-a
+# | complete free-] {+the+} Unix-like operating [-system.-] {+system, which is
+# | entirely free software, that we in the GNU Project have developed since
+# | 1984.+}
#, fuzzy
#| msgid ""
#| "The <a href=\"/gnu/gnu-history.html\">GNU system</a> is a complete free "
@@ -479,6 +578,11 @@
"Unix yang seutuhnya bebas."
#. type: Content of: <p>
+# | A Unix-like operating system consists of many programs. The GNU system
+# | includes all {+of+} the {+<a href=\"#GNUsoftware\">official+} GNU
+# | [-software, as well as-] {+packages</a>. It also includes+} many other
+# | packages{+,+} such as the X Window System and TeX{+,+} which are not GNU
+# | software.
#, fuzzy
#| msgid ""
#| "A Unix-like operating system consists of many programs. The GNU system "
@@ -495,6 +599,21 @@
"sistem X Windows dam TeX yang bukan perangkat lunak GNU."
#. type: Content of: <p>
+# | [-We have been developing and accumulating components for the GNU system
+# | since 1984; the-]{+The+} first test release of [-a “complete-] {+the
+# | complete+} GNU [-system”-] {+system+} was in 1996. [-Today, in
+# | 2001,-] {+This includes+} the {+GNU Hurd, our kernel, developed since
+# | 1990. In 2001 the GNU+} system [-is-] {+(including the GNU Hurd) began+}
+# | working {+fairly+} reliably, [-and people are working on making GNOME and
+# | ppp work in it. In-] {+but+} the [-mean time,-] {+Hurd still lacks some
+# | important features, so it is not widely used. Meanwhile,+} the <a
+# | href=\"/gnu/linux-and-gnu.html\">GNU/Linux system</a>, an offshoot of the
+# | GNU {+operating+} system which uses Linux as the [-kernel,-] {+kernel
+# | instead of the GNU Hurd,+} has [-become-] {+been+} a great [-success.-]
+# | {+success since the 90s. As this shows, the GNU system is not a single
+# | static set of programs; users and distributors may select different
+# | packages according to their needs and desires. The result is still a
+# | variant of the GNU system.+}
#, fuzzy
#| msgid ""
#| "We have been developing and accumulating components for the GNU system "
@@ -524,6 +643,11 @@
"Linux sebagai kernel dan mengalami sukses luar biasa."
#. type: Content of: <p>
+# | Since the purpose of GNU is to be free, every single component in the GNU
+# | {+operating+} system [-has to be-] {+is+} free software. They don't all
+# | have to be copylefted, however; any kind of free software is legally
+# | suitable to include if it helps meet technical goals. [-We can and do use
+# | non-copylefted free software such as the X Window System.-]
#, fuzzy
#| msgid ""
#| "Since the purpose of GNU is to be free, every single component in the GNU "
@@ -548,6 +672,10 @@
msgstr "Program GNU"
#. type: Content of: <p>
+# | “GNU programs” is equivalent to <a [-href=#GNUsoftware\">GNU-]
+# | {+href=\"#GNUsoftware\">GNU+} software.</a> A program Foo is a GNU program
+# | if it is GNU software. {+We also sometimes say it is a “GNU
+# | package”.+}
#, fuzzy
#| msgid ""
#| "“GNU programs” is equivalent to <a href=#GNUsoftware\">GNU "
@@ -565,6 +693,13 @@
msgstr "Perangkat Lunak GNU"
#. type: Content of: <p>
+# | <a href=\"/software/software.html\">GNU software</a> is software that is
+# | released under the auspices of the <a href={+
+# | +}\"/gnu/gnu-history.html\">GNU Project</a>. If a program is GNU software,
+# | we also say that it is a GNU [-program.-] {+program or a GNU package. The
+# | README or manual of a GNU package should say it is one; also, the <a
+# | href=\"/directory\">Free Software Directory</a> identifies all GNU
+# | packages.+}
#, fuzzy
#| msgid ""
#| "<a href=\"/software/software.html\">GNU software</a> is software that is "
@@ -596,6 +731,14 @@
"lunak bebas</a>."
#. type: Content of: <p>
+# | Some GNU software [-is-] {+was+} written by <a href=
+# | \"http://www.fsf.org/about/staff/\";>staff</a> of the <a
+# | href=\"http://www.fsf.org/\";>Free Software Foundation</a>, but most GNU
+# | software [-is contributed by-] {+comes from many+} <a
+# | href=\"/people/people.html\">volunteers</a>. {+(Some of these volunteers
+# | are paid by companies or universities, but they are volunteers for us.)+}
+# | Some contributed software is copyrighted by the Free Software Foundation;
+# | some is copyrighted by the contributors who wrote it.
#, fuzzy
#| msgid ""
#| "Some GNU software is written by <a href= \"http://www.fsf.org/about/staff/";
@@ -649,6 +792,10 @@
msgstr "Perangkat Lunak Tidak Bebas (atau Berpemilik)"
#. type: Content of: <p>
+# | [-Proprietary-]{+Nonfree+} software is {+any+} software that is not free.
+# | Its use, redistribution or modification is prohibited, or requires you to
+# | ask for permission, or is restricted so much that you effectively can't do
+# | it freely.
#, fuzzy
#| msgid ""
#| "Proprietary software is software that is not free. Its use, "
@@ -694,6 +841,12 @@
"berpemilik."
#. type: Content of: <p>
+# | For example, we felt justified in installing Unix on our computer in the
+# | 1980s, because we were using it to write a free replacement for Unix.
+# | Nowadays, since free operating systems are available, the excuse is no
+# | longer applicable; we [-have eliminated all our non-free-] {+do not use
+# | any nonfree+} operating systems, and any new computer we install must run
+# | a completely free operating system.
#, fuzzy
#| msgid ""
#| "For example, we felt justified in installing Unix on our computer in the "
@@ -717,6 +870,9 @@
"operasi yang benar-benar bebas."
#. type: Content of: <p>
+# | We don't insist that users of GNU, or contributors to GNU, have to live by
+# | this rule. It is a rule we made for ourselves. But we hope you will
+# | [-decide to-] follow it [-too.-] {+too, for your freedom's sake.+}
#, fuzzy
#| msgid ""
#| "We don't insist that users of GNU, or contributors to GNU, have to live "
@@ -836,6 +992,12 @@
msgstr "Perangkat Lunak Komersial"
#. type: Content of: <p>
+# | “Commercial” and “proprietary” are not the [-same
+# | thing!-] {+same!+} Commercial software is software [-being-] developed by
+# | a business [-which aims to make money from the use-] {+as part+} of [-the
+# | software.-] {+its business.+} Most commercial software is <a
+# | href=\"#ProprietarySoftware\">proprietary</a>, but there is commercial
+# | free software, and there is noncommercial nonfree software.
#, fuzzy
#| msgid ""
#| "“Commercial” and “proprietary” are not the same "
@@ -858,6 +1020,13 @@
"tidak komersial."
#. type: Content of: <p>
+# | For example, GNU Ada is {+developed by a company. It is+} always
+# | distributed under the terms of the GNU GPL, and every copy is free
+# | software; but its developers sell support contracts. When their salesmen
+# | speak to prospective customers, sometimes the customers say, “We
+# | would feel safer with a commercial compiler.” The salesmen reply,
+# | “GNU Ada <em>is</em> a commercial compiler; it happens to be free
+# | software.”
#, fuzzy
#| msgid ""
#| "For example, GNU Ada is always distributed under the terms of the GNU "
@@ -882,6 +1051,11 @@
"kompilator komersial; hanya saja ia merupakan perangkat lunak bebas.â"
#. type: Content of: <p>
+# | For the GNU Project, the [-emphasis is-] {+priorities are+} in the other
+# | order: the important thing is that GNU Ada is free software; [-whether-]
+# | {+that+} it is commercial is [-not-] {+just+} a [-crucial question.-]
+# | {+detail.+} However, the additional development of GNU Ada that results
+# | from its being commercial [-it-] is definitely beneficial.
#, fuzzy
#| msgid ""
#| "For the GNU Project, the emphasis is in the other order: the important "
@@ -900,6 +1074,9 @@
"dihasilkan dari komersialismenya adalah menguntungkan."
#. type: Content of: <p>
+# | Please help spread the awareness that [-commercial-] free {+commercial+}
+# | software is possible. You can do this by making an effort not to say
+# | “commercial” when you mean “proprietary.”
#, fuzzy
#| msgid ""
#| "Please help spread the awareness that commercial free software is "
| [Prev in Thread] |
Current Thread |
[Next in Thread] |
- www/philosophy/po categories.id.po,
GNUN <=