www gnu/thegnuproject.zh-cn.html gnu/po/thegnup...

[GNUN]

CVSROOT:        /web/www
Module name:    www
Changes by:     GNUN <gnun>     20/07/11 06:00:36

Modified files:
        gnu            : thegnuproject.zh-cn.html 
        gnu/po         : thegnuproject.zh-cn-en.html 
                         thegnuproject.zh-cn.po 
        philosophy     : compromise.zh-cn.html why-free.zh-cn.html 
        philosophy/po  : compromise.zh-cn-en.html compromise.zh-cn.po 
                         why-free.zh-cn-en.html why-free.zh-cn.po 

Log message:
        Automatic update by GNUnited Nations.

CVSWeb URLs:
http://web.cvs.savannah.gnu.org/viewcvs/www/gnu/thegnuproject.zh-cn.html?cvsroot=www&r1=1.12&r2=1.13
http://web.cvs.savannah.gnu.org/viewcvs/www/gnu/po/thegnuproject.zh-cn-en.html?cvsroot=www&r1=1.6&r2=1.7
http://web.cvs.savannah.gnu.org/viewcvs/www/gnu/po/thegnuproject.zh-cn.po?cvsroot=www&r1=1.13&r2=1.14
http://web.cvs.savannah.gnu.org/viewcvs/www/philosophy/compromise.zh-cn.html?cvsroot=www&r1=1.31&r2=1.32
http://web.cvs.savannah.gnu.org/viewcvs/www/philosophy/why-free.zh-cn.html?cvsroot=www&r1=1.1&r2=1.2
http://web.cvs.savannah.gnu.org/viewcvs/www/philosophy/po/compromise.zh-cn-en.html?cvsroot=www&r1=1.19&r2=1.20
http://web.cvs.savannah.gnu.org/viewcvs/www/philosophy/po/compromise.zh-cn.po?cvsroot=www&r1=1.36&r2=1.37
http://web.cvs.savannah.gnu.org/viewcvs/www/philosophy/po/why-free.zh-cn-en.html?cvsroot=www&r1=1.1&r2=1.2
http://web.cvs.savannah.gnu.org/viewcvs/www/philosophy/po/why-free.zh-cn.po?cvsroot=www&r1=1.4&r2=1.5

Patches:
Index: gnu/thegnuproject.zh-cn.html
===================================================================
RCS file: /web/www/www/gnu/thegnuproject.zh-cn.html,v
retrieving revision 1.12
retrieving revision 1.13
diff -u -b -r1.12 -r1.13
--- gnu/thegnuproject.zh-cn.html        2 Oct 2019 02:59:48 -0000       1.12
+++ gnu/thegnuproject.zh-cn.html        11 Jul 2020 10:00:35 -0000      1.13
@@ -27,13 +27,14 @@
 
 <h3>第一个软件分享社区</h3>
 <p>
-当我1971年开始在<acronym title="Massachusetts Institute of
-Technology（麻省理工学院）">MIT</acronym>的人工智能实验室工作的时候，我成为了当时已经存在多年的一个软件å
…
±äº«ç¤¾åŒºçš„一员。并不是只有我们的社区分享软件；分享软件从电脑出现就开始了，正如分享菜谱从烹饪出现就开始了一æ
 ·ã€‚但是我们做得更多。</p>
-<p>
-人工智能实验室当时使用一种称为<acronym title="Incompatible 
Timesharing
-System（不å…
¼å®¹åˆ†æ—¶ç³»ç»Ÿï¼‰">ITS</acronym>的分时操作系统。该系统是实验室的黑客（1)设计并用汇编语言为Digitalå
…¬å¸çš„<acronym
-title="Programmed Data
-Processor">PDP</acronym>-10计算机编写的，该计算机是当时的大型计算机之一。作为社区一员，也作为人工智能实验室的系统黑客，我的工作就是改进这个系统。</p>
+当我 1971 年开始在 <abbr title="Massachusetts Institute of
+Technology（麻省理工学院）">MIT</abbr>
+的人工智能实验室工作的时候，我成为了当时已经存在多年的一个软件å
…
±äº«ç¤¾åŒºçš„一员。并不是只有我们的社区分享软件；分享软件从电脑出现就开始了，正如分享菜谱从烹饪出现就开始了一æ
 ·ã€‚但是我们做得更多。</p>
+<p>
+人工智能实验室当时使用一种称为 <abbr title="Incompatible 
Timesharing
+System（不兼容分时系统）">ITS</abbr> 
的分时操作系统。该系统是实验室的黑客（1）设计并用汇编语言为
 Digital 公司的 <abbr
+title="Programmed Data Processor">PDP</abbr>-10
+计算机编写的，该计算机是当时的大型计算机之一。作为社区一员，也作为人工智能实验室的系统黑客，我的工作就是改进这个系统。</p>
 <p>
 我们没有称我们的软件是&ldquo;自由软件&rdquo;ï¼Œå› 
ä¸ºé‚£æ—¶è¿˜æ²¡æœ‰è¿™ä¸ªæ¦‚å¿µï¼›ä½†é‚£äº›è½¯ä»¶å°±æ˜¯è‡ªç”±çš„ã€‚æ— 
论何时，只要其他大学或å…
¬å¸æƒ³ç§»æ¤å’Œä½¿ç”¨ä¸€ä¸ªç¨‹åºï¼Œæˆ‘们都很高å…
´æä¾›è¯¥ç¨‹åºã€‚å¦‚æžœä½ å¯¹åˆ«äººçš„ç¨‹åºæœ‰å…´è¶£ä½†ä¸å¤ªç†Ÿæ‚‰ï¼Œä½ 
æ€»æ˜¯å¯ä»¥è¦ä¸€ä»½æºä»£ç ï¼Œå› æ­¤ä½ å¯ä»¥é˜…è¯»æºä»£ç ã€ä¿®æ”¹æºä»£ç 
ï¼Œç”šè‡³æŠŠå®ƒæ‹†åˆ†å¹¶ç”¨æ¥æž„建新的程序。</p>
 <p>
@@ -149,10 +150,10 @@
 Livermore实验室开发的一个多平台的Pastel编译器的源代ç 
ã€‚该编译器是用一种扩展的Pascal语言编写的，它本身也支持该语言，而该语言是按ç
…§ç³»ç»Ÿç¼–ç¨‹è¯­è¨€è®¾è®¡çš„ã€‚æˆ‘å¢žåŠ 
了一个C语言的前端，并开始把编译器移植到Motorola
 68000è®¡ç®—æœºã€‚å½“æˆ‘å‘çŽ°è¯¥ç¼–è¯‘å™¨éœ€è¦æ•°å…†å­—èŠ‚çš„å †æ 
ˆç©ºé—´ã€è€Œå½“æ—¶68000的Unix系统仅å…
è®¸64k字节时，我不得不放弃了该计划。</p>
 <p>
-然后，我意识到这个Pastel编译器会把整个输å…
¥æ–‡ä»¶è§£æžä¸ºä¸€ä¸ªè¯­æ³•æ 
‘结构，并把该结构整体转变成一个&ldquo;指令&rdquo;链，最后再生成输出文件，中间从不释放任何存储空间。至此，我决定å¿
…须从头开始写一个新的编译器。该新编译器现在叫做<acronym
-title="GNU Compiler
-Collection">GCC</acronym>；它完å…
¨æ²¡æœ‰ç”¨åˆ°è¯¥Pastel编译器，但是我设法改写和使用了我的那个C语言前端。但是这些都是å‡
 年以后的事；首先，我做的是GNU
-Emacs的工作。</p>
+然后，我意识到这个 Pastel
+编译器会把整个输入文件解析为一个语法æ 
‘结构，并把该结构整体转变成一个&ldquo;指令&rdquo;链，最后再生成输出文件，中间从不释放任何存储空间。至此，我决定å¿
…须从头开始写一个新的编译器。该新编译器现在叫做
+<abbr title="GNU Compiler Collection">GCC</abbr>；它完全没有用到该 
Pastel
+编译器，但是我设法改写和使用了我的那个 C 
è¯­è¨€å‰ç«¯ã€‚ä½†æ˜¯è¿™äº›éƒ½æ˜¯å‡ å¹´ä»¥åŽçš„äº‹ï¼›é¦–å…ˆï¼Œæˆ‘åšçš„æ˜¯ GNU 
Emacs 的工作。</p>
 
 <h3>GNU Emacs</h3>
 <p>
@@ -164,9 +165,11 @@
 ftpå‘å¸ƒç«™ç‚¹ï¼›å½“å®ƒå‡ 
年后退役时，我们把它的名字转到了新的ftp服务器上。）但是，在那个时候，许多对GNU
 Emacsæ„Ÿå…´è¶£çš„äººå¹¶æ²¡æœ‰ä¸Šç½‘ï¼Œå› è€Œæ— 
法通过ftp获得软件拷贝。问题是，我应该对他们说什么？</p>
 <p>
-我可能说，&ldquo;æ‰¾ä¸€ä¸ªè”ç½‘å¹¶æ„¿æ„ç»™ä½ 
一份拷贝的朋友。&rdquo;或者我会按ç…
§å¯¹åŽŸå§‹PDP-10上的Emacs的做法来做：告诉他们，&ldquo;邮寄一个磁带和一个<acronym
-title="Self-addressed Stamped
-Envelope（带地址和邮票的信封）">SASE</acronym>给我，我会用它们把Emacs邮寄回去。&rdquo;但是我并æ—
 
工作，而且我当时正在寻找用自由软件赚钱的方法。所以我声明，需要的人只要付150美å
…ƒï¼Œæˆ‘就会把带有Emacs的磁带邮寄过去。这æ 
·ï¼Œæˆ‘就创立了一个发布自由软件的行业，它是今天这些发布完整GNU/Linux系统的å
…¬å¸çš„先驱。</p>
+我可能说，&ldquo;æ‰¾ä¸€ä¸ªè”ç½‘å¹¶æ„¿æ„ç»™ä½ 
一份拷贝的朋友。&rdquo;或者我会按照对原始 PDP-10 上的 Emacs
+的做法来做：告诉他们，&ldquo;邮寄一个磁带和一个<abbr 
title="Self-addressed Stamped
+Envelope（带地址和邮票的信封）">SASE</abbr>给我，我会用它们把
 Emacs
+邮寄回去。&rdquo;ä½†æ˜¯æˆ‘å¹¶æ— 
工作，而且我当时正在寻找用自由软件赚钱的方法。所以我声明，需要的人只要付
 150 美元，我就会把带有 Emacs
+的磁带邮寄过去。这æ 
·ï¼Œæˆ‘就创立了一个发布自由软件的行业，它是今天这些发布完整
 GNU/Linux 系统的公司的先驱。</p>
 
 <h3>程序对每个用户都自由吗？</h3>
 <p>
@@ -210,19 +213,19 @@
 
 <h3>自由软件基金会</h3>
 
-<p>当人们使用Emacsçš„å…´è¶£èµ·æ¥åŽï¼Œå…¶ä»–äººå¼€å§‹åŠ å…
¥GNU工程。我们决定再次寻求资金。所以在1985年，我们创立了<a
-href="http://www.fsf.org/";>自由软件基金会</a> 
(FSF)，它是一个为开发自由软件而成立的免税æ…
ˆå–„机构。<acronym
-title="Free Software
-Foundation">FSF</acronym>还承担
了发布Emacsç£å¸¦çš„ä¸šåŠ¡ï¼›è¯¥é¡¹ä¸šåŠ¡åŽæ¥æ‰©å±•åˆ°åœ¨ç£å¸¦ä¸­åŠ å…¥å…
¶ä»–自由软件（GNU或非GNU），以及销售自由文档。</p>
+<p>当人们使用 Emacs çš„å…´è¶£èµ·æ¥åŽï¼Œå…¶ä»–äººå¼€å§‹åŠ å…¥ GNU 
工程。我们决定再次寻求资金。所以在 1985 年，我们创立了 
<a
+href="http://www.fsf.org/";>自由软件基金会</a>（FSF），它是一个为开发自由软件而成立的å
…ç¨Žæ…ˆå–„机构。<abbr
+title="Free Software Foundation">FSF</abbr> 还承担了发布 Emacs
+ç£å¸¦çš„ä¸šåŠ¡ï¼›è¯¥é¡¹ä¸šåŠ¡åŽæ¥æ‰©å±•åˆ°åœ¨ç£å¸¦ä¸­åŠ å…¥å…
¶ä»–自由软件（GNU或非GNU），以及销售自由文档。</p>
 
 <p>过去，FSF的收入来自销售自由软件的拷贝以及其他相å…
³æœåŠ¡ï¼ˆå«æºä»£ç 
çš„CD-ROM、含二进制文件的CD-ROM、印制精美的手册，这些都可以自由修改和再发布），还有就是销售豪华发布版（为客户选定的平台制作å
…¨å¥—自由软件）。如今，FSF仍然<a
 href="http://shop.fsf.org/";>销售手册和其他装
备</a>ï¼Œä½†å®ƒçš„å¾ˆå¤§ä¸€éƒ¨åˆ†èµ„é‡‘æ¥è‡ªä¼šå‘˜è´¹ã€‚ä½ å¯ä»¥é€šè¿‡<a
 href="http://fsf.org/join";>fsf.org</a>åŠ å…¥FSF。</p>
 
-<p>自由软件基金会的员工编写并维护着一些GNU软件包。å…
¶ä¸­æœ‰ä¸¤ä¸ªé‡è¦çš„软件包是C库和shell。GNU
-C库是每个运行在GNU/Linux系统上的程序和Linux通信要用到的。它由自由软件基金会的员工开发，åŒ
…括Roland
-McGrath。大多数GNU/Linux系统使用的shell是<acronym title="Bourne Again
-Shell">BASH</acronym>，Bourne Again Shell(1)，它是由FSF的员工Brian 
Fox开发的。</p>
+<p>自由软件基金会的员工编写并维护着一些 GNU 软件包。å…
¶ä¸­æœ‰ä¸¤ä¸ªé‡è¦çš„软件包是 C 库和 shell。GNU C 库是每个运行在 
GNU/Linux
+系统上的程序和 Linux 
通信要用到的。它由自由软件基金会的员工开发，包括 Roland 
McGrath。大多数 GNU/Linux 系统使用的
+shell是 <abbr title="Bourne Again Shell">BASH</abbr>，Bourne Again
+Shell(1)，它是由 FSF 的员工 Brian Fox 开发的。</p>
 
 <p>æˆ‘ä»¬èµ„åŠ©è¿™äº›ç¨‹åºçš„å¼€å‘æ˜¯å› ä¸ºGNU工程不仅有工å…
·æˆ–开发环境，我们的目æ 
‡æ˜¯å®Œæ•´çš„æ“ä½œç³»ç»Ÿï¼Œè€Œè¿™äº›ç¨‹åºæ˜¯å®Œæˆç›®æ ‡éœ€è¦çš„ã€‚</p>
 
@@ -297,11 +300,11 @@
 比如，我们开发GNU Cåº“å› 
为类Unix的系统需要一个C库，我们开发BASHå› 
为类Unix的系统需要一个shell，我们开发GNU
 tarå› ä¸ºç±»Unix的系统需要一个tar程序。我自己的程序&mdash;GNU 
C编译器、GNU Emacs、GDB和GNU Makeä¹Ÿæ˜¯ä¸€æ ·ã€‚</p>
 <p>
-有些GNU程序的开发是为了对付威胁我们自由的某些特殊敌人。为此，我们开发了gzip来代替Compress程序，该程序由于<acronym
-title="Lempel-Ziv-Welch">LZW</acronym>专利而离开自由社区。我们找人开发LessTif，最近又开始开发<acronym
-title="GNU Network Object Model
-Environment">GNOME</acronym>和Harmony，用来解决由于某些专有库（见下）带来的问题。我们还在开发GNU
 Privacy
-Guardæ¥ä»£æ›¿éžè‡ªç”±çš„åŠ å¯†è½¯ä»¶ï¼Œå› 
为用户不应该在自由和隐私之间做选择。</p>
+有些 GNU 
程序的开发是为了对付威胁我们自由的某些特殊敌人。为此，我们开发了
 gzip 来代替 Compress 程序，该程序由于 <abbr
+title="Lempel-Ziv-Welch">LZW</abbr> 
专利而离开自由社区。我们找人开发 
LessTif，最近又开始开发 <abbr
+title="GNU Network Object Model Environment">GNOME</abbr> 和
+Harmony，用来解决由于某些专有库（见下）带来的问题。我们还在开发
 GNU Privacy Guard
+æ¥ä»£æ›¿éžè‡ªç”±çš„åŠ å¯†è½¯ä»¶ï¼Œå› 
为用户不应该在自由和隐私之间做选择。</p>
 <p>
 å½“ç„¶ï¼Œç¼–ç¨‹çš„äººå¯¹è¿™äº›å·¥ä½œå¾ˆæ„Ÿå…´è¶£ï¼Œå¹¶ä¸”è®¸å¤šäººå› 
ä¸ºè‡ªå·±éœ€è¦å’Œå…´è¶£æ·»åŠ 
了许多功能。但那不是这些程序存在的理由。</p>
 
@@ -365,9 +368,9 @@
 <p>
 ç¬¬ä¸€ä¸ªè¿™æ ·çš„ä¾‹å­æ˜¯80年代的Motif工具包
。虽然那时还没有自由的操作系统，但是很明显Motif将会导致什么æ
 
·çš„问题。GNU工程做出了两个回应：一方面请求个别自由软件项目支持Motifå·¥å
…·åŒ…的同时也支持自由的X工具包
，另一方面请求黑客编写替代Motif的工具包
。该工作持续了许多年；直到1997年，由匈牙利程序员开发的LessTif，才变得足够强大来代替Motif的大部分功能。</p>
 <p>
-从1996年到1998年，另一个非自由<acronym title="Graphical User
-Interface：图形界面">GUI</acronym>工具包，叫做Qt，被一个实际
上是自由软件的集合，<acronym title="K
-Desktop Environment：K桌面环境">KDE</acronym>桌面所使用。</p>
+从 1996 年到 1998 年，另一个非自由 <abbr title="Graphical User
+Interface：图形界面">GUI</abbr> 工具包，叫做 Qt，被一个实际
上是自由软件的集合，<abbr title="K Desktop
+Environment：K 桌面环境">KDE</abbr> 桌面所使用。</p>
 <p>
 自由的GNU/Linuxç³»ç»Ÿå½“æ—¶æ— æ³•ä½¿ç”¨KDEï¼Œå› 
为我们不能使用那个工具包
。然而，一些商业的GNU/Linux发行商没有坚持自由软件的理念，将KDEæ·»åŠ
 
到他们的系统&mdash;生产了有更多功能、但更少自由的系统。KDE团队积极鼓励更多的程序员使用Qt软件库，数百万的新&ldquo;Linux用户&rdquo;从来没有被告知这里有问题。æƒ
…况变得严峻。</p>
 <p>
@@ -387,11 +390,11 @@
 
 <h3>软件专利</h3>
 <p>
-我们面临的最恶劣的威胁是软件专利，它可以用算法和功能点限制自由软件最长达20年。LZW压缩算法于1983年启用专利，我们至今不能发布可以生成适当压缩的<acronym
-title="Graphics Interchange
-Format，图形交换æ 
¼å¼">GIF</acronym>图片的自由软件。[在2009年，这些专利过期。]在1998年，由于受到专利的威胁，一个生成<acronym
-title="MPEG-1 Audio Layer
-3">MP3</acronym>æ 
¼å¼çš„音频压缩自由软件从发行版中被移除了。[在2017年，这些专利过期。看看我们等了多长时间。]
+我们面临的最恶劣的威胁是软件专利，它可以用算法和功能点限制自由软件最长达
 20 年。LZW 压缩算法于 1983
+年启用专利，我们至今不能发布可以生成适当压缩的 <abbr 
title="Graphics Interchange
+Formatï¼Œå›¾å½¢äº¤æ¢æ ¼å¼">GIF</abbr> 图片的自由软件。[在 2009 
年，这些专利过期。]在 1998 
年，由于受到专利的威胁，一个生成
+<abbr title="MPEG-1 Audio Layer 3">MP3</abbr> æ 
¼å¼çš„音频压缩自由软件从发行版中被移除了。[在 2017
+年，这些专利过期。看看我们等了多长时间。]
 </p>
 <p>
 æˆ‘ä»¬æœ‰äº›æ–¹æ³•æ¥å¯¹ä»˜ä¸“åˆ©ï¼šæˆ‘ä»¬å¯ä»¥å¯»æ‰¾ä¸“åˆ©æ˜¯æ— 
效的证据，我们还可以寻找å…
¶ä»–的方法替代专利限制的方法。但是这些方法不总是有效；当上述两种方法都失败时，专利可能迫使自由软件æ—
 法具备用户需要的某些功能。经过长时间的等待
，专利会过期（MP3专利应该在2018年过期），但是在此之前我们怎么办？</p>
@@ -502,7 +505,7 @@
      There is more detail about copyright years in the GNU Maintainers
      Information document, www.gnu.org/prep/maintain. -->
 <p>Copyright &copy; 1998, 2001, 2002, 2005, 2006, 2007, 2008, 2010, 2014, 2015,
-2017, 2018 Richard Stallman</p>
+2017, 2018, 2020 Richard Stallman</p>
 
 <p>本页面使用<a rel="license"
 href="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nd/4.0/";>Creative Commons
@@ -513,12 +516,12 @@
 
 <!--TRANSLATORS: Use space (SPC) as msgstr if you don't want credits.-->
 <b>翻译团队</b>：<a rel="team"
-href="https://savannah.gnu.org/projects/www-zh-cn/";>&lt;CTT&gt;</a>，2017-2019。</div>
+href="https://savannah.gnu.org/projects/www-zh-cn/";>&lt;CTT&gt;</a>，2017-2020。</div>
 
 <p class="unprintable"><!-- timestamp start -->
 最后更新：
 
-$Date: 2019/10/02 02:59:48 $
+$Date: 2020/07/11 10:00:35 $
 
 <!-- timestamp end -->
 </p>

Index: gnu/po/thegnuproject.zh-cn-en.html
===================================================================
RCS file: /web/www/www/gnu/po/thegnuproject.zh-cn-en.html,v
retrieving revision 1.6
retrieving revision 1.7
diff -u -b -r1.6 -r1.7
--- gnu/po/thegnuproject.zh-cn-en.html  15 Dec 2018 14:46:11 -0000      1.6
+++ gnu/po/thegnuproject.zh-cn-en.html  11 Jul 2020 10:00:36 -0000      1.7
@@ -28,7 +28,7 @@
 <h3>The first software-sharing community</h3>
 <p>
 When I started working at the 
-<acronym title="Massachusetts Institute of Technology">MIT</acronym>
+<abbr title="Massachusetts Institute of Technology">MIT</abbr>
 Artificial Intelligence Lab in 1971, I became part of a
 software-sharing community that had existed for many years.  Sharing
 of software was not limited to our particular community; it is as old
@@ -36,10 +36,10 @@
 did it more than most.</p>
 <p>
 The AI Lab used a timesharing operating system called
-<acronym title="Incompatible Timesharing System">ITS</acronym> (the
+<abbr title="Incompatible Timesharing System">ITS</abbr> (the
 Incompatible Timesharing System) that the lab's staff hackers (1) had
 designed and written in assembler language for the Digital
-<acronym title="Programmed Data Processor">PDP</acronym>-10, one of
+<abbr title="Programmed Data Processor">PDP</abbr>-10, one of
 the large computers of the era.  As a member of this community, an AI
 Lab staff system hacker, my job was to improve this system.</p>
 <p>
@@ -303,7 +303,7 @@
 into a chain of &ldquo;instructions&rdquo;, and then generating the
 whole output file, without ever freeing any storage.  At this point, I
 concluded I would have to write a new compiler from scratch.  That new
-compiler is now known as <acronym title="GNU Compiler 
Collection">GCC</acronym>;
+compiler is now known as <abbr title="GNU Compiler Collection">GCC</abbr>;
 none of the Pastel compiler is used in it, but I managed to adapt and
 use the C front end that I had written.  But that was some years
 later; first, I worked on GNU Emacs.</p>
@@ -327,7 +327,7 @@
 I could have said, &ldquo;Find a friend who is on the net and who will make
 a copy for you.&rdquo;  Or I could have done what I did with the original
 PDP-10 Emacs: tell them, &ldquo;Mail me a tape and a
-<acronym title="Self-addressed Stamped Envelope">SASE</acronym>, and I
+<abbr title="Self-addressed Stamped Envelope">SASE</abbr>, and I
 will mail it back with Emacs on it.&rdquo; But I had no job, and I was
 looking for ways to make money from free software.  So I announced
 that I would mail a tape to whoever wanted one, for a fee of $150.  In
@@ -435,7 +435,7 @@
 funding once again.  So in 1985 we created
 the <a href="http://www.fsf.org/";>Free Software Foundation</a> (FSF),
 a tax-exempt charity for free software development.  The
-<acronym title="Free Software Foundation">FSF</acronym> also took over
+<abbr title="Free Software Foundation">FSF</abbr> also took over
 the Emacs tape distribution business; later it extended this by adding
 other free software (both GNU and non-GNU) to the tape, and by selling
 free manuals as well.</p>
@@ -456,7 +456,7 @@
 GNU/Linux system uses to communicate with Linux.  It was developed by
 a member of the Free Software Foundation staff, Roland McGrath.  The
 shell used on most GNU/Linux systems is
-<acronym title="Bourne Again Shell">BASH</acronym>, the Bourne Again
+<abbr title="Bourne Again Shell">BASH</abbr>, the Bourne Again
 Shell(1), which was developed by FSF employee Brian Fox.</p>
 
 <p>We funded development of these programs because the GNU Project was
@@ -640,9 +640,9 @@
 Some GNU programs were developed to cope with specific threats to our
 freedom.  Thus, we developed gzip to replace the Compress program,
 which had been lost to the community because of
-the <acronym title="Lempel-Ziv-Welch">LZW</acronym> patents.  We found
+the <abbr title="Lempel-Ziv-Welch">LZW</abbr> patents.  We found
 people to develop LessTif, and more recently started
-<acronym title="GNU Network Object Model Environment">GNOME</acronym>
+<abbr title="GNU Network Object Model Environment">GNOME</abbr>
 and Harmony, to address the problems caused by certain proprietary
 libraries (see below).  We are developing the GNU Privacy Guard to
 replace popular nonfree encryption software, because users should not
@@ -799,10 +799,10 @@
 powerful enough to support most Motif applications only in 1997.</p>
 <p>
 Between 1996 and 1998, another nonfree 
-<acronym title="Graphical User Interface">GUI</acronym> toolkit
+<abbr title="Graphical User Interface">GUI</abbr> toolkit
 library, called Qt, was used in a substantial collection of free
 software, the desktop
-<acronym title="K Desktop Environment">KDE</acronym>.</p>
+<abbr title="K Desktop Environment">KDE</abbr>.</p>
 <p>
 Free GNU/Linux systems were unable to use KDE, because we could not
 use the library.  However, some commercial distributors of GNU/Linux
@@ -848,9 +848,9 @@
 algorithms and features off limits to free software for up to twenty
 years.  The LZW compression algorithm patents were applied for in
 1983, and we still cannot release free software to produce proper
-compressed <acronym title="Graphics Interchange Format">GIF</acronym>s.
+compressed <abbr title="Graphics Interchange Format">GIF</abbr>s.
 [As of 2009 they have expired.]  In 1998, a free program to produce
-<acronym title="MPEG-1 Audio Layer 3">MP3</acronym> compressed audio
+<abbr title="MPEG-1 Audio Layer 3">MP3</abbr> compressed audio
 was removed from distribution under threat of a patent suit.  [As of
 2017, these patents have expired.  Look how long we had to wait.]
 </p>
@@ -1049,7 +1049,7 @@
      There is more detail about copyright years in the GNU Maintainers
      Information document, www.gnu.org/prep/maintain. -->
 
-<p>Copyright &copy; 1998, 2001, 2002, 2005, 2006, 2007, 2008, 2010, 2014, 
2015, 2017, 2018
+<p>Copyright &copy; 1998, 2001, 2002, 2005, 2006, 2007, 2008, 2010, 2014, 
2015, 2017, 2018, 2020
 Richard Stallman</p>
 
 <p>This page is licensed under a <a rel="license"
@@ -1060,7 +1060,7 @@
 
 <p class="unprintable">Updated:
 <!-- timestamp start -->
-$Date: 2018/12/15 14:46:11 $
+$Date: 2020/07/11 10:00:36 $
 <!-- timestamp end -->
 </p>
 </div>

Index: gnu/po/thegnuproject.zh-cn.po
===================================================================
RCS file: /web/www/www/gnu/po/thegnuproject.zh-cn.po,v
retrieving revision 1.13
retrieving revision 1.14
diff -u -b -r1.13 -r1.14
--- gnu/po/thegnuproject.zh-cn.po       11 Jul 2020 09:30:33 -0000      1.13
+++ gnu/po/thegnuproject.zh-cn.po       11 Jul 2020 10:00:36 -0000      1.14
@@ -14,7 +14,6 @@
 "MIME-Version: 1.0\n"
 "Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8\n"
 "Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit\n"
-"X-Outdated-Since: 2020-07-01 15:25+0000\n"
 
 #. type: Content of: <title>
 msgid "About the GNU Project - GNU Project - Free Software Foundation"
@@ -82,11 +81,11 @@
 "this community, an AI Lab staff system hacker, my job was to improve this "
 "system."
 msgstr ""
-"人工智能实验室当时使用一种称为 <abbr title=\"Incompatible 
Timesharing "
-"System（不兼容分时系统）\">ITS</abbr> 
的分时操作系统。该系统是实验室的黑客"
-"（1）设计并用汇编语言为 Digital 公司的 <abbr title=\"Programmed 
Data "
-"Processor\">PDP</abbr>-10 
计算机编写的，该计算机是当时的大型计算机之一。作为"
-"社区一员，也作为人工智能实验室的系统黑客，我的工作就是改进这个系统。"
+"人工智能实验室当时使用一种称为 <abbr title=\"Incompatible 
Timesharing System"
+"（不兼容分时系统）\">ITS</abbr> 
的分时操作系统。该系统是实验室的黑客（1）设计"
+"并用汇编语言为 Digital 公司的 <abbr title=\"Programmed Data 
Processor\">PDP</"
+"abbr>-10 
计算机编写的，该计算机是当时的大型计算机之一。作为社区一员，也作为人"
+"工智能实验室的系统黑客，我的工作就是改进这个系统。"
 
 #. type: Content of: <p>
 msgid ""

Index: philosophy/compromise.zh-cn.html
===================================================================
RCS file: /web/www/www/philosophy/compromise.zh-cn.html,v
retrieving revision 1.31
retrieving revision 1.32
diff -u -b -r1.31 -r1.32
--- philosophy/compromise.zh-cn.html    13 Apr 2019 01:30:03 -0000      1.31
+++ philosophy/compromise.zh-cn.html    11 Jul 2020 10:00:36 -0000      1.32
@@ -77,11 +77,11 @@
 <p><a href="/licenses/lgpl.html">GNU
 宽通用公å…
±è®¸å¯è¯</a>（简称LGPL）也是一项妥协：我们选定一些自由的库，并å
…è®¸æŠŠå®ƒä»¬ç”¨äºŽä¸“æœ‰è½¯ä»¶å½“ä¸­ã€‚å› 
为我们认为要是从法律上禁止这æ 
·çš„使用的话，只会使得开发者使用私有的库。我们å…
è®¸å¼€å‘者
在私有软件里面使用GNU的程序，并通过文档进行说明，表明我们鼓励使用自由软件的立场。我们会对某些我们认同的活动进行支持，尽管我们并不完å
…¨è®¤åŒä»–们所属的团体。</p>
 
-<p>但是，我们也会反对某些妥协行为，尽管我们的社区里头很多人想要这æ
 ·çš„妥协。比如，我们仅仅
认同那些不含任何专有软件成分、或不会引导用户去安装
专有软件的<a
-href="/distros/free-system-distribution-guidelines.html">GNU/Linux发行版</a>。我们认为，认同åŒ
…含专有软件成分的发行版是一种<acronym
-title="ruinous (r&#363;'&#601;-n&#601;s) adj. 1. Causing or apt to cause
-ruin; destructive.  2. Falling to ruin; dilapidated or
-decayed.">毁灭性的</acronym>妥协。</p>
+<p>但是，我们也会反对某些妥协行为，尽管我们的社区里头很多人想要这æ
 ·çš„妥协。比如，我们仅仅
认同那些不含任何专有软件成分、或不会引导用户去安装
专有软件的 <a
+href="/distros/free-system-distribution-guidelines.html">GNU/Linux
+发行版</a>。我们认为，认同包
含专有软件成分的发行版是一种<abbr title="ruinous 
(r&#363;'&#601;-n&#601;s)
+adj. 1. Causing or apt to cause ruin; destructive.  2. Falling to ruin;
+dilapidated or decayed.">毁灭性的</abbr> 妥协。</p>
 
 <p>我们认为，那些从长远来看和我们的目æ 
‡èƒŒé“而驰的妥协是毁灭性的。这类妥协可能发生在思想上，也可能发生在行动上。</p>
 
@@ -170,7 +170,7 @@
 href="/server/standards/README.translations.html">翻译须知</a>获取有å…
³åè°ƒå’Œæäº¤ç¿»è¯‘的相关事项。</p>
 </div>
 
-<p>Copyright &copy; 2008, 2009, 2014, 2015, 2017, 2018, 2019 <a
+<p>Copyright &copy; 2008, 2009, 2014, 2015, 2017, 2018, 2019, 2020 <a
 href="http://www.stallman.org/";>Richard Stallman</a>.</p>
 
 <p>本页面使用<a rel="license"
@@ -183,12 +183,12 @@
 <!--TRANSLATORS: Use space (SPC) as msgstr if you don't want credits.-->
 <b>翻译</b>: Tony Yet，2010。<br></br>
 <b>翻译团队</b>：<a rel="team"
-href="https://savannah.gnu.org/projects/www-zh-cn/";>&lt;CTT&gt;</a>，2017，2018。</div>
+href="https://savannah.gnu.org/projects/www-zh-cn/";>&lt;CTT&gt;</a>，2017，2018，2020。</div>
 
 <p class="unprintable"><!-- timestamp start -->
 最后更新：
 
-$Date: 2019/04/13 01:30:03 $
+$Date: 2020/07/11 10:00:36 $
 
 <!-- timestamp end -->
 </p>

Index: philosophy/why-free.zh-cn.html
===================================================================
RCS file: /web/www/www/philosophy/why-free.zh-cn.html,v
retrieving revision 1.1
retrieving revision 1.2
diff -u -b -r1.1 -r1.2
--- philosophy/why-free.zh-cn.html      24 Sep 2017 12:59:05 -0000      1.1
+++ philosophy/why-free.zh-cn.html      11 Jul 2020 10:00:36 -0000      1.2
@@ -33,9 +33,9 @@
 
 <li>çªè¢­ï¼ˆé è­¦å¯Ÿå¸®åŠ©ï¼‰åŠžå…¬åœºæ‰€å’Œå­¦æ ¡ï¼Œå‘Šè¯‰äººä»¬å¿…
须自证没有从事非法复制。</li>
 
-<li>起诉（在SPA的要求下，由美国政府操作）诸如<acronym 
title="Massachusetts Institute of
-Technology，麻省理工学院">MIT</acronym>的David
-LaMacchiaè¿™æ ·çš„äººå£«ï¼Œä¸æ˜¯å› 
ä¸ºå¤åˆ¶è½¯ä»¶ï¼ˆä»–å¹¶æ²¡æœ‰è¢«æŒ‡æŽ§å¤åˆ¶è½¯ä»¶ï¼‰ï¼Œè€Œä»…ä»…æ˜¯å› 
为没有看管复制设备和没有监管设备用途。<a
+<li>起诉（在SPA的要求下，由美国政府操作）<abbr 
title="Massachusetts Institute of
+Technology，麻省理工学院">MIT</abbr> 的 David LaMacchia
+ç­‰äººå£«ï¼Œä¸æ˜¯å› 
ä¸ºå¤åˆ¶è½¯ä»¶ï¼ˆä»–å¹¶æ²¡æœ‰è¢«æŒ‡æŽ§å¤åˆ¶è½¯ä»¶ï¼‰ï¼Œè€Œä»…ä»…æ˜¯å› 
为没有看管复制设备和没有监管设备用途。<a
 href="#footnote1">[1]</a></li>
 </ul>
 
@@ -218,7 +218,7 @@
 
 <!-- Regarding copyright, in general, standalone pages (as opposed to
      files generated as part of manuals) on the GNU web server should
-     be under CC BY-ND 3.0 US.  Please do NOT change or remove this
+     be under CC BY-ND 4.0.  Please do NOT change or remove this
      without talking with the webmasters or licensing team first.
      Please make sure the copyright date is consistent with the
      document.  For web pages, it is ok to list just the latest year the
@@ -232,23 +232,23 @@
      
      There is more detail about copyright years in the GNU Maintainers
      Information document, www.gnu.org/prep/maintain. -->
-<p>Copyright &copy; 1994, 2009 Richard Stallman</p>
+<p>Copyright &copy; 1994, 2009, 2020 Richard Stallman</p>
 
-<p>本页面使用<a rel="license"
-href="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nd/3.0/us/";>Creative Commons
-Attribution-NoDerivs 3.0 United States License</a>授权。</p>
+<p>本页面使用 <a rel="license"
+href="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nd/4.0/";>Creative Commons
+Attribution-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License</a> 授权。</p>
 
 <!--#include virtual="/server/bottom-notes.zh-cn.html" -->
 <div class="translators-credits">
 
 <!--TRANSLATORS: Use space (SPC) as msgstr if you don't want credits.-->
 <b>翻译团队</b>：<a rel="team"
-href="https://savannah.gnu.org/projects/www-zh-cn/";>&lt;CTT&gt;</a>，2017。</div>
+href="https://savannah.gnu.org/projects/www-zh-cn/";>&lt;CTT&gt;</a>，2017，2020。</div>
 
 <p class="unprintable"><!-- timestamp start -->
 最后更新：
 
-$Date: 2017/09/24 12:59:05 $
+$Date: 2020/07/11 10:00:36 $
 
 <!-- timestamp end -->
 </p>

Index: philosophy/po/compromise.zh-cn-en.html
===================================================================
RCS file: /web/www/www/philosophy/po/compromise.zh-cn-en.html,v
retrieving revision 1.19
retrieving revision 1.20
diff -u -b -r1.19 -r1.20
--- philosophy/po/compromise.zh-cn-en.html      13 Apr 2019 01:30:04 -0000      
1.19
+++ philosophy/po/compromise.zh-cn-en.html      11 Jul 2020 10:00:36 -0000      
1.20
@@ -101,10 +101,10 @@
 we <a href="/distros/free-system-distribution-guidelines.html">
 endorse only the GNU/Linux distributions</a> that have policies not to
 include nonfree software or lead users to install it.  To endorse
-nonfree distributions would be a <acronym title="ruinous
+nonfree distributions would be a <abbr title="ruinous
 (r&#363;'&#601;-n&#601;s) adj. 1. Causing or apt to cause ruin;
 destructive.  2. Falling to ruin; dilapidated or
-decayed.">ruinous</acronym> compromise.</p>
+decayed.">ruinous</abbr> compromise.</p>
 
 <p>Compromises are ruinous if they would work against our aims in the
 long term.  That can occur either at the level of ideas or at the level of
@@ -259,7 +259,7 @@
 information on coordinating and submitting translations of this article.</p>
 </div>
 
-<p>Copyright &copy; 2008, 2009, 2014, 2015, 2017, 2018, 2019 <a 
href="http://www.stallman.org/";>Richard
+<p>Copyright &copy; 2008, 2009, 2014, 2015, 2017, 2018, 2019, 2020 <a 
href="http://www.stallman.org/";>Richard
 Stallman</a>.</p>
 
 <p>This page is licensed under a <a rel="license"
@@ -270,7 +270,7 @@
 
 <p class="unprintable">Updated:
 <!-- timestamp start -->
-$Date: 2019/04/13 01:30:04 $
+$Date: 2020/07/11 10:00:36 $
 <!-- timestamp end -->
 </p>
 </div>

Index: philosophy/po/compromise.zh-cn.po
===================================================================
RCS file: /web/www/www/philosophy/po/compromise.zh-cn.po,v
retrieving revision 1.36
retrieving revision 1.37
diff -u -b -r1.36 -r1.37
--- philosophy/po/compromise.zh-cn.po   11 Jul 2020 09:27:43 -0000      1.36
+++ philosophy/po/compromise.zh-cn.po   11 Jul 2020 10:00:36 -0000      1.37
@@ -15,7 +15,6 @@
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 "Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8\n"
 "Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit\n"
-"X-Outdated-Since: 2020-07-01 15:25+0000\n"
 
 # type: Content of: <title>
 #. type: Content of: <title>

Index: philosophy/po/why-free.zh-cn-en.html
===================================================================
RCS file: /web/www/www/philosophy/po/why-free.zh-cn-en.html,v
retrieving revision 1.1
retrieving revision 1.2
diff -u -b -r1.1 -r1.2
--- philosophy/po/why-free.zh-cn-en.html        24 Sep 2017 12:59:06 -0000      
1.1
+++ philosophy/po/why-free.zh-cn-en.html        11 Jul 2020 10:00:36 -0000      
1.2
@@ -53,7 +53,7 @@
 
 <li>Prosecution (by the US government, at the SPA's request) of people
 such as
-<acronym title="Massachusetts Institute of Technology">MIT</acronym>'s
+<abbr title="Massachusetts Institute of Technology">MIT</abbr>'s
 David LaMacchia, not for copying software (he is not accused of
 copying any), but merely for leaving copying facilities unguarded and
 failing to censor their use.<a href="#footnote1">[1]</a></li>
@@ -341,7 +341,7 @@
 
 <!-- Regarding copyright, in general, standalone pages (as opposed to
      files generated as part of manuals) on the GNU web server should
-     be under CC BY-ND 3.0 US.  Please do NOT change or remove this
+     be under CC BY-ND 4.0.  Please do NOT change or remove this
      without talking with the webmasters or licensing team first.
      Please make sure the copyright date is consistent with the
      document.  For web pages, it is ok to list just the latest year the
@@ -356,17 +356,17 @@
      There is more detail about copyright years in the GNU Maintainers
      Information document, www.gnu.org/prep/maintain. -->
 
-<p>Copyright &copy; 1994, 2009 Richard Stallman</p>
+<p>Copyright &copy; 1994, 2009, 2020 Richard Stallman</p>
 
 <p>This page is licensed under a <a rel="license"
-href="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nd/3.0/us/";>Creative
-Commons Attribution-NoDerivs 3.0 United States License</a>.</p>
+href="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nd/4.0/";>Creative
+Commons Attribution-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License</a>.</p>
 
 <!--#include virtual="/server/bottom-notes.html" -->
 
 <p class="unprintable">Updated:
 <!-- timestamp start -->
-$Date: 2017/09/24 12:59:06 $
+$Date: 2020/07/11 10:00:36 $
 <!-- timestamp end -->
 </p>
 </div>

Index: philosophy/po/why-free.zh-cn.po
===================================================================
RCS file: /web/www/www/philosophy/po/why-free.zh-cn.po,v
retrieving revision 1.4
retrieving revision 1.5
diff -u -b -r1.4 -r1.5
--- philosophy/po/why-free.zh-cn.po     11 Jul 2020 09:28:21 -0000      1.4
+++ philosophy/po/why-free.zh-cn.po     11 Jul 2020 10:00:36 -0000      1.5
@@ -14,7 +14,6 @@
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 "Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8\n"
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-"X-Outdated-Since: 2020-07-01 15:26+0000\n"
 
 #. type: Content of: <title>
 msgid ""