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From: |
GNUN |
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Subject: |
www/philosophy po/amazon.translist po/java-trap... |
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Date: |
Thu, 4 Jun 2020 23:59:21 -0400 (EDT) |
CVSROOT: /web/www
Module name: www
Changes by: GNUN <gnun> 20/06/04 23:59:21
Modified files:
philosophy/po : amazon.translist java-trap.translist
java-trap.zh-cn.po
Added files:
philosophy : amazon.zh-cn.html java-trap.zh-cn.html
philosophy/po : amazon.zh-cn-en.html java-trap.zh-cn-en.html
Log message:
Automatic update by GNUnited Nations.
CVSWeb URLs:
http://web.cvs.savannah.gnu.org/viewcvs/www/philosophy/amazon.zh-cn.html?cvsroot=www&rev=1.1
http://web.cvs.savannah.gnu.org/viewcvs/www/philosophy/java-trap.zh-cn.html?cvsroot=www&rev=1.1
http://web.cvs.savannah.gnu.org/viewcvs/www/philosophy/po/amazon.translist?cvsroot=www&r1=1.13&r2=1.14
http://web.cvs.savannah.gnu.org/viewcvs/www/philosophy/po/java-trap.translist?cvsroot=www&r1=1.13&r2=1.14
http://web.cvs.savannah.gnu.org/viewcvs/www/philosophy/po/java-trap.zh-cn.po?cvsroot=www&r1=1.1&r2=1.2
http://web.cvs.savannah.gnu.org/viewcvs/www/philosophy/po/amazon.zh-cn-en.html?cvsroot=www&rev=1.1
http://web.cvs.savannah.gnu.org/viewcvs/www/philosophy/po/java-trap.zh-cn-en.html?cvsroot=www&rev=1.1
Patches:
Index: po/amazon.translist
===================================================================
RCS file: /web/www/www/philosophy/po/amazon.translist,v
retrieving revision 1.13
retrieving revision 1.14
diff -u -b -r1.13 -r1.14
--- po/amazon.translist 15 Mar 2020 18:34:45 -0000 1.13
+++ po/amazon.translist 5 Jun 2020 03:59:21 -0000 1.14
@@ -14,6 +14,7 @@
<span dir="ltr">[pt-br] <a lang="pt-br" hreflang="pt-br"
href="/philosophy/amazon.pt-br.html">português</a> </span>
<span dir="ltr">[ru] <a lang="ru" hreflang="ru"
href="/philosophy/amazon.ru.html">ÑÑÑÑкий</a> </span>
<span dir="ltr">[uk] <a lang="uk" hreflang="uk"
href="/philosophy/amazon.uk.html">ÑкÑаÑнÑÑка</a> </span>
+<span dir="ltr">[zh-cn] <a lang="zh-cn" hreflang="zh-cn"
href="/philosophy/amazon.zh-cn.html">ç®ä½ä¸æ</a> </span>
</p>
</div>' -->
<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="/philosophy/amazon.html"
hreflang="x-default" />
@@ -29,4 +30,5 @@
<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" lang="pt-br" hreflang="pt-br"
href="/philosophy/amazon.pt-br.html" title="português" />
<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" lang="ru" hreflang="ru"
href="/philosophy/amazon.ru.html" title="ÑÑÑÑкий" />
<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" lang="uk" hreflang="uk"
href="/philosophy/amazon.uk.html" title="ÑкÑаÑнÑÑка" />
+<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" lang="zh-cn" hreflang="zh-cn"
href="/philosophy/amazon.zh-cn.html" title="ç®ä½ä¸æ" />
<!-- end translist file -->
Index: po/java-trap.translist
===================================================================
RCS file: /web/www/www/philosophy/po/java-trap.translist,v
retrieving revision 1.13
retrieving revision 1.14
diff -u -b -r1.13 -r1.14
--- po/java-trap.translist 15 Mar 2020 18:34:46 -0000 1.13
+++ po/java-trap.translist 5 Jun 2020 03:59:21 -0000 1.14
@@ -15,6 +15,7 @@
<span dir="ltr">[ro] <a lang="ro" hreflang="ro"
href="/philosophy/java-trap.ro.html">românÄ</a> </span>
<span dir="ltr">[ru] <a lang="ru" hreflang="ru"
href="/philosophy/java-trap.ru.html">ÑÑÑÑкий</a> </span>
<span dir="ltr">[sr] <a lang="sr" hreflang="sr"
href="/philosophy/java-trap.sr.html">ÑÑпÑки</a> </span>
+<span dir="ltr">[zh-cn] <a lang="zh-cn" hreflang="zh-cn"
href="/philosophy/java-trap.zh-cn.html">ç®ä½ä¸æ</a> </span>
</p>
</div>' -->
<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="/philosophy/java-trap.html"
hreflang="x-default" />
@@ -31,4 +32,5 @@
<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" lang="ro" hreflang="ro"
href="/philosophy/java-trap.ro.html" title="românÄ" />
<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" lang="ru" hreflang="ru"
href="/philosophy/java-trap.ru.html" title="ÑÑÑÑкий" />
<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" lang="sr" hreflang="sr"
href="/philosophy/java-trap.sr.html" title="ÑÑпÑки" />
+<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" lang="zh-cn" hreflang="zh-cn"
href="/philosophy/java-trap.zh-cn.html" title="ç®ä½ä¸æ" />
<!-- end translist file -->
Index: po/java-trap.zh-cn.po
===================================================================
RCS file: /web/www/www/philosophy/po/java-trap.zh-cn.po,v
retrieving revision 1.1
retrieving revision 1.2
diff -u -b -r1.1 -r1.2
--- po/java-trap.zh-cn.po 5 Jun 2020 03:41:21 -0000 1.1
+++ po/java-trap.zh-cn.po 5 Jun 2020 03:59:21 -0000 1.2
@@ -8,12 +8,12 @@
"Project-Id-Version: java-trap.html\n"
"POT-Creation-Date: 2015-10-03 16:56+0000\n"
"PO-Revision-Date: 2020-06-05 11:36+0800\n"
+"Last-Translator: Nios34 <nios34@disroot.org>\n"
+"Language-Team: Chinese <www-zh-cn-translators@gnu.org>\n"
"Language: zh_CN\n"
"MIME-Version: 1.0\n"
"Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8\n"
"Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit\n"
-"Last-Translator: Nios34 <nios34@disroot.org>\n"
-"Language-Team: Chinese <www-zh-cn-translators@gnu.org>\n"
"X-Generator: Poedit 1.8.7.1\n"
#. type: Content of: <title>
Index: amazon.zh-cn.html
===================================================================
RCS file: amazon.zh-cn.html
diff -N amazon.zh-cn.html
--- /dev/null 1 Jan 1970 00:00:00 -0000
+++ amazon.zh-cn.html 5 Jun 2020 03:59:20 -0000 1.1
@@ -0,0 +1,211 @@
+<!--#set var="ENGLISH_PAGE" value="/philosophy/amazon.en.html" -->
+
+<!--#include virtual="/server/header.zh-cn.html" -->
+<!-- Parent-Version: 1.86 -->
+
+<!-- This file is automatically generated by GNUnited Nations! -->
+<title>ï¼æ£å¼ï¼æµå¶äºé©¬éï¼- GNU å·¥ç¨ -
èªç±è½¯ä»¶åºéä¼</title>
+
+<!--#include virtual="/philosophy/po/amazon.translist" -->
+<!--#include virtual="/server/banner.zh-cn.html" -->
+<h2>ï¼æ£å¼ï¼æµå¶äºé©¬éï¼</h2>
+
+<div class="comment">
+<p>
+FSF å³å®å¨ 2002 å¹´ 9
æç»æ对äºé©¬éçæµå¶æ´»å¨ãï¼å½æ¶æ们å¿äºä¿®æ¹æ¤é¡µé¢ãï¼æ们æ
æ³åè¯å¤§å®¶é对 Barnes & Noble
+çå®å¸çæåç»å±ç©¶ç«ææ ·ï¼ä½æ¯çèµ·æ¥å¹¶æ²¡æ对辩æ¹é
æå¾å¤§ç伤害ãäºé©¬éä¹æ²¡æåæ»å»å
¶ä»äººã</p>
+<p>
+äºé©¬éä»é£ä»¥åè¿åå¾äºä¸äºå
¶ä»æå¨èçä¸å©ï¼ä½æ¯å°æªä½¿ç¨å®ä»¬ååºæ»å»ãä¹è®¸å®ä¸åè¿ä¹åäºãå¦æå®è¿åï¼æ们ä¼ççå¦ä½æ¥è°´è´£å®ã</p>
+<p>
+æ¬é¡µçå
¶ä»å
容è¿æ¯ 2001 å¹´æµå¶å¨å®è¡æ¶çå
容ã</p>
+</div>
+
+<hr class="thin" />
+
+<p>
+å¦æä½ æ¯ææµå¶ï¼
+<br />
+<em>请é¾æ¥æ¤é¡µé¢</em>
+<br />
+<strong>http://www.gnu.org/philosophy/amazon.html</strong> !!!!
+</p>
+
+<hr class="thin" />
+
+<h3 id="whyBoycott">æ们为ä»ä¹è¦æµå¶äºé©¬é</h3>
+<p>
+äºé©¬éè·å¾ä¸ä¸ªå
³äºçµååå¡çéè¦åæ¾è§ç <a
+href="/philosophy/amazonpatent.html">ç¾å½ä¸å©ï¼5,960,411ï¼</a>ï¼è¿ä¸ªæ³æ³ææ¶è¢«ç§°ä½ä¸é®è´ä¹°ãå®æ¯æä½
éè¿æµè§å¨è´ä¹°ååæ¶çå½ä»¤ä¼å¸¦æä½
ç身份信æ¯ãï¼å®ä½¿ç¨åç»æå¡å¨ç
+“cookie” æ¥å®ç°ï¼è¿æ¯æµè§å¨å
åä»åä¸ä¸ªæå¡å¨æ¶å°çæç§ ID 代ç ãï¼</p>
+<p>
+äºé©¬éåèµ·è¯è®¼è¦é»æ¢ä½¿ç¨æ¤ç±»ç®åæ°æ®ï¼æ´é²äºä»ä»¬ççè¦åæãè¿æ¯å¯¹äºèç½åçµååå¡çæ®éæ§æ»å»ã</p>
+<p>
+è¿ä¸ªä¸å©ç®åæ¥è¯´å°±æ¯å
¬å¸æä¾ç»ä½ ä¸ä¸ªä½
éåå¯ä»¥è¡¨æ身份çä¸è¥¿ãè¿ä¸ªä¸æ°é²ï¼æ¯ç«å®ä½ä¿¡ç¨å¡åçä¹æ¯è¿ä»¶äºãä½æ¯ç¾å½ä¸å©å±æ¯å¤©é½ä¼ç»åæ
·æ¾èæè§åä¼æå¨ç¥çç¹åé¢åä¸å©ãç»æææ¶æ¯ä¸ªç¾é¾ã</p>
+<p>
+ä»å¤©äºé©¬éèµ·è¯ä¸ä¸ªå¤§å
¬å¸ãå¦æè¿åªæ¯ä¸¤ä¸ªå
¬å¸ä¹é´çäºæ§ï¼é£ä¹ä¹ä¸ä¼æ为éè¦çå
¬ä¼é®é¢ãä½æ¯è¯¥ä¸å©ç»äºäºé©¬éå驾äºæ¯ä¸ªå¨ç¾å½ï¼ä»¥åé¢åäºæ¤ä¸å©çå
¶ä»ä»»ä½å½å®¶ï¼çç½ç«è¿è¥è
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¬å¸è¢«èµ·è¯ï¼ä½æ¯è¯¥é®é¢ä¼å½±åæ´ä¸ªäºèç½ã</p>
+<p>
+äºé©¬é并éå¯ä¸ä¸ä¸ªä¸ºæ¤äºè´è´£ç人ãç¾å½ä¸å©å±æå
¶ä½ä¸çæ åé¾è¾å
¶åï¼ç¾å½æ³é¢ä¸ºèä½ä¼¥ä¹ç½ªè´£é¾éãç¾å½ä¸å©æ³å
许对信æ¯å¤çææ¯åé讯模å¼åæ¾ä¸å©ä¹æ¯å¤§æé®é¢——æ¤æ¿çå
·ææ®éçå±å®³ã</p>
+
+<p>
+æè
¢çæ¿åºæ¿çç»äºäºé©¬éæºä¼——ä½æ¯æºä¼ä¸æ¯åå£ãäºé©¬ééæ©è·åæ¤ä¸å©ï¼è¿èéæ©ä½¿ç¨æ¤ä¸å©å¨æ³åºä¸è¿è¡æ»å»ãäºé©¬éç管çå±æç»å¯¹æ¤è´é德责任ã</p>
+<p>
+æ们å¸ææ³åºå¤å®æ¤ä¸å©æ æãæç»ç»æä¾èµäºå
·ä½çäºå®åæ¦æ¶©çææ¯ãæ¤ä¸å©ä½¿ç¨äºå¤§éä¼¼ä¹æ²¾è¾¹çç»è使该
“åæ”
+çèµ·æ¥ä¸æ¯é£ä¹æ¾èæè§ã</p>
+<p>
+ä½æ¯æ们ä¸æ¯åªè½è¢«å¨å°çå¾
æ³åºå¤å³çµååå¡çèªç±ãæ们ç°å¨å°±å¯ä»¥åä¸äºäºæ
ï¼æ们å¯ä»¥æç»åäºé©¬éåçæã请ä¸è¦ä»äºé©¬éè´ä¹°ä»»ä½ä¸è¥¿ï¼ç´å°äºé©¬éæ¿è¯ºä¸å使ç¨è¯¥ä¸å©æ¥å¨èæéå¶å
¶ä»ç½ç«ã</p>
+<p>
+å¦æä½ æ¯äºé©¬éæå®å¾ä¹¦çä½è
ï¼é£ä¹ä½
å¯ä»¥ä¸ºæ¤æ´»å¨æä¾å¼ºæåç帮å©ï¼è¯·æä¸é¢çæåæ¾å°äºé©¬é书è¯ç
“ä½è
è¯è®º”
+ä¸ãï¼ååï¼çæ¥ä»ä»¬æç»ä½è
åå¸æ¤ç±»è¯è®ºãï¼</p>
+<p>
+å¦æä½ æ建议ï¼æè
ä½ å°±æ¯æ¯ææµå¶æ´»å¨ï¼è¯·åé®ä»¶å° <a
+href="mailto:amazon@gnu.org";><amazon@gnu.org></a> 让æ们ç¥éã</p>
+<p>
+äºé©¬é对人们å
³äºæ¤ä¸å©ç讨论ååºçåé¦å¸¦æä¸ç§ç²¾å¿çåç误导ï¼å¼å¾åæï¼</p>
+<blockquote><p>
+ ä¸å©ä½ç³»æå¨é¼å±åæ°ï¼èæ们è±è´¹äºæ°åå°æ¶å¼å
1-ClickR è´ç©åè½ã
+</p></blockquote>
+<p>
+å¦æä»ä»¬è±äºæ°åå°æ¶ï¼é£ä¹ä»ä»¬è¯å®æ²¡æè±æ¶é´æèè¿ä¸ªä¸å©æ¶µççéç¨ææ¯ãå
æ¤ï¼å¦æä»ä»¬è¯´çæ¯ççï¼é£ä¹ä»ä»¬çæ¶é´è±å¨åªéï¼</p>
+<p>
+ä¹è®¸ä»ä»¬çæ¶é´è±å¨æ°åä¸å©ç³è¯·ä¸ãè¿ä¸ªå¯æ¯æèææ¯é¾å¤äºãæè
ä»ä»¬å¯è½è¯´çæ¯è±å¨è®¾è®¡ãç¼åãæµè¯ä»¥åå®åç½é¡µåå¤çä¸é®è´ç©çèæ¬ä¸çæ¶é´ãè¿ä¸ªä¹æ¯å·¨å¤§çå·¥ä½éã请ä»ç»æ¥çä»ä»¬çç¨è¯ï¼“æ°åå°æ¶çå¼å”
+å¯è½å
å«ä¸é¢æ说ç两个工ä½ä¸çä»»ä½ä¸ä¸ªã</p>
+<p>
+ä½é®é¢ä¸å¨äºä»ä»¬çå
·ä½èæ¬ï¼ä»ä»¬æ²¡æåå¸ç»æ们ï¼ï¼ä¹ä¸å¨äºä»ä»¬çç½é¡µï¼åæ£ä»ä»¬æçæï¼ãé®é¢å¨äºè¿ä¸ªéç¨çæ³æ³ï¼ä»¥åäºé©¬éæ¯å¦åºè¯¥å¯¹æ¤æ³æ³æåææã</p>
+<p>
+ä½
ãææ¯å¦æèªç±è±æ¶é´ç¼åèªå·±çä¸é®è´ç©èæ¬ãç½é¡µï¼å³ä½¿æ们ä¸å书ï¼æ们æ¯ä¸æ¯æèªç±åè¿ä»¶äºæ
å¢ï¼è¿å°±æ¯é®é¢ãäºé©¬éä¼å¾å¥å¤ºæ们è¿æ
·åçèªç±ï¼è被误导çç¾å½æ¿åºæ£å¨çæ
å©åã</p>
+<p>
+å½äºé©¬éååºä»¥ä¸ç²¾å¿çåç误导æ§å£°æï¼ä»ä»¬å°±å±ç¤ºäºéè¦çä¸é¢ï¼ä»ä»¬å¾å¨ä¹å
¬ä¼å¯¹ä»ä»¬ççæ³ãä»ä»¬å¿
é¡»å¨ä¹——ä»ä»¬æ¯ä¸å®¶é¶å®åãå
¬ä¼çåæ¶ä¼å½±åä»ä»¬çå©æ¶¦ã</p>
+<p>
+人们已ç»æåºè½¯ä»¶ä¸å©çé®é¢æ¯äºé©¬é大å¾å¤ï¼å
¶ä»å
¬å¸ä¹ä¼ååæ ·çäºæ
ï¼èæµå¶äºé©¬é并ä¸è½ç´æ¥æ¹åä¸å©æ³ãè¿äºå½ç¶é½å¯¹ãä½æ¯è¿äºå¹¶ä¸è½ä½ä¸ºå对æµå¶ççç±ã</p>
+<p>
+å¦ææ们çæµå¶æåèæä¹
ï¼äºé©¬éå¯è½æåä¼å¦¥åãå³ä½¿ä»ä»¬ä¸å¦¥åï¼ä¸ä¸ä¸ªæ³ä½¿ç¨ä¸å¯æ¥åçä¸å©æ¥è¿è¡è¯è®¼çå
¬å¸ä¹è¦èèä¸ä¸ä»åºç代价ãä»ä»¬å¯è½è¦ä¸æèåè¡ã</p>
+<p>
+æµå¶ä¹ä¼é´æ¥å¸®å°ä¸å©æ³çæ¹å——éè¿å¸å¼å¯¹æ¤é®é¢çå
³æ³¨åæ©æ£å¯¹æ¹åçéæ±ãåå æ¯å¦æ¤å°å®¹æï¼ä½ å®å
¨æ²¡æå¿
è¦æ¨æãå¦æä½ åæè¿ä¸ªé®é¢ï¼ä¸ºä»ä¹
+<em>ä¸</em> æµå¶äºé©¬éå¢ï¼</p>
+<p>
+为äºå¹¿ææ们ç声é³ï¼è¯·å¨ä½
ç个人主页æ¾ç¤ºæµå¶ç声æï¼å¦æå¯è½ï¼è¯·å¨æºæçç½é¡µä¹æ¾ç¤ºæµå¶ç声æã请é¾æ¥å°æ¤é¡µé¢ï¼ä¿¡æ¯æ´æ°ä¹ä¼æ¾å°è¿éã</p>
+
+<h3
id="whyContinue">为ä»ä¹æ¡ä»¶å·²ç»ç»æäºæ们è¿è¦ç»§ç»æµå¶</h3>
+
+<p>
+æ®æ¥éï¼äºé©¬éå¨ 2002 å¹´ 3 æå Barnes & Noble
å°±é¿æè¿è¡çä¸é®è´ç©ç³»ç»ä¸å©çº 纷达æå解ãå解çå
·ä½å
容没ææ«æ¼ã</p>
+
+<p>
+å 为å
·ä½å解æ¡æ¬¾æ²¡ææ«æ¼ï¼æ以æ们æ
æ³ç¥é该å解æ¯å¦å¯ä»¥ä»£è¡¨é对äºé©¬éçæµå¶åºè¯¥ç»æãå
æ¤ï¼æ们é¼å±å¤§å®¶ç»§ç»æµå¶ã</p>
+
+<h3 id="Updates">æ´æ°åé¾æ¥</h3>
+
+<p>
+æ¤èå举äºåäºé©¬éå°±æ¤é®é¢ç¸å
³çæ´æ°åé¾æ¥ï¼å
æ¬äºé©¬éçåä¸æ´»å¨ãæµå¶ç¸å
³çæ¥éçãæ°çä¿¡æ¯æ¾å¨æ¬èçæä¸é¢ã</p>
+
+<p>
+Tim O'Reilly å·²ç»åé <a
+href="http://www.oreilly.com/pub/a/oreilly/ask_tim/2000/amazon_patent.html";>å
¬å¼ä¿¡</a>
+ç»äºé©¬éï¼å¼ºå¿è¡¨æä¸åæ使ç¨ä¸è¿°ä¸å©çç«åºï¼è½ç¶ä»ä»¬ä¹ä¸æ¿æåæ¢åäºé©¬é继ç»çææ¥å¾ã</p>
+
+<p>
+<a href="http://www.stallman.org/";>Richard M. Stallman</a> å <a
+href="/philosophy/amazon-rms-tim.html">ä¿¡ç» Tim O'Reilly</a> å°±äºé©¬é
<acronym
+title="Chief Executive Officer">CEO</acronym> Jeff Bezos å
³äºæ请软件ä¸å©ä¿æ 3 å¹´æ 5
+å¹´ç声æè¿è¡äº¤æµã</p>
+
+<p>
+Paul Barton-Davis <a
+href="mailto:pbd@op.net";><pbd@op.net></a>ï¼äºé©¬éçåå§ç¨åºåä¹ä¸ï¼<a
+href="http://www.equalarea.com/paul/amazon-1click.html";>æ°å</a> å
³äºæµå¶äºé©¬éçæç« ã</p>
+
+<p>
+Nat Friedman æ°å <a
href="/philosophy/amazon-nat.html">æµå¶äºé©¬éä¹æå</a>ã</p>
+
+<p>
+å¦ä¸æ¹é¢ï¼äºé©¬éæ£å¨æ³åºè¿è¡ <a
+href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140610154715/http://www.salon.com/1999/10/28/amazon_3/";>å
¶ä»å¯æçå¨ä½</a>ã</p>
+
+<p>
+请åç <a
href="http://endsoftpatents.org";>http://endsoftpatents.org</a>æ´å¤æå
³<a
+href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150329143651/http://progfree.org/Patents/patents.html";>
+软件ä¸å©</a> çä¿¡æ¯ã</p>
+
+<p>
+<a
+href="http://web.archive.org/web/20010430183216/http://www.cpsr.org/links/bookstore/";>Computer
+Professionals for Social Responsibility ä¸æ¢åäºé©¬éçåä½</a>ã</p>
+
+<div class="translators-notes">
+
+<!--TRANSLATORS: Use space (SPC) as msgstr if you don't have notes.-->
+ </div>
+</div>
+
+<!-- for id="content", starts in the include above -->
+<!--#include virtual="/server/footer.zh-cn.html" -->
+<div id="footer">
+<div class="unprintable">
+
+<p>请å°æå
³èªç±è½¯ä»¶åºéä¼(FSF) &
GNUçä¸è¬æ§é®é¢åéå°<a
+href="mailto:gnu@gnu.org";><gnu@gnu.org></a>ãä¹å¯ä»¥éè¿<a
+href="/contact/">å
¶ä»èç³»æ¹æ³</a>èç³»èªç±è½¯ä»¶åºéä¼(FSF)ãæå
³å¤±æé¾æ¥æå
¶ä»é误å建议ï¼è¯·åéé®ä»¶å°<a
+href="mailto:webmasters@gnu.org";><webmasters@gnu.org></a>ã</p>
+
+<p>
+<!-- TRANSLATORS: Ignore the original text in this paragraph,
+ replace it with the translation of these two:
+
+ We work hard and do our best to provide accurate, good quality
+ translations. However, we are not exempt from imperfection.
+ Please send your comments and general suggestions in this regard
+ to <a href="mailto:web-translators@gnu.org";>
+
+ <web-translators@gnu.org></a>.</p>
+
+ <p>For information on coordinating and submitting translations of
+ our web pages, see <a
+ href="/server/standards/README.translations.html">Translations
+ README</a>. -->
+æ们尽æ大åªåæ¥æä¾ç²¾ååé«è´¨éçç¿»è¯ï¼ä½é¾å
ä¼åå¨é误åä¸è¶³ãå¦ææ¨å¨è¿æ¹é¢æè¯è®ºæä¸è¬æ§ç建议ï¼è¯·åéè³
<a
+href="mailto:web-translators@gnu.org";><web-translators@gnu.org></a>ã</p><p>å
³äºè¿è¡åè°ä¸æ交翻è¯çæ´å¤ä¿¡æ¯åè§
+<a href="/server/standards/README.translators.html">ãè¯è
æåã</a>ã</p>
+</div>
+
+<!-- Regarding copyright, in general, standalone pages (as opposed to
+ files generated as part of manuals) on the GNU web server should
+ be under CC BY-ND 4.0. Please do NOT change or remove this
+ without talking with the webmasters or licensing team first.
+ Please make sure the copyright date is consistent with the
+ document. For web pages, it is ok to list just the latest year the
+ document was modified, or published.
+
+ If you wish to list earlier years, that is ok too.
+ Either "2001, 2002, 2003" or "2001-2003" are ok for specifying
+ years, as long as each year in the range is in fact a copyrightable
+ year, i.e., a year in which the document was published (including
+ being publicly visible on the web or in a revision control system).
+
+ There is more detail about copyright years in the GNU Maintainers
+ Information document, www.gnu.org/prep/maintain. -->
+<p>Copyright © 1999, 2001, 2007, 2008, 2013, 2014, 2015, 2018, 2019 Free
+Software Foundation, Inc.</p>
+
+<p>æ¬é¡µé¢ä½¿ç¨ <a rel="license"
+href="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nd/4.0/";>Creative Commons
+Attribution-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License</a> ææã</p>
+
+<!--#include virtual="/server/bottom-notes.zh-cn.html" -->
+<div class="translators-credits">
+
+<!--TRANSLATORS: Use space (SPC) as msgstr if you don't want credits.-->
+<b>ç¿»è¯å¢é</b>ï¼<a rel="team"
+href="https://savannah.gnu.org/projects/www-zh-cn/";><CTT></a>ï¼2020ã</div>
+
+<p class="unprintable"><!-- timestamp start -->
+æåæ´æ°ï¼
+
+$Date: 2020/06/05 03:59:20 $
+
+<!-- timestamp end -->
+</p>
+</div>
+</div>
+<!-- for class="inner", starts in the banner include -->
+</body>
+</html>
Index: java-trap.zh-cn.html
===================================================================
RCS file: java-trap.zh-cn.html
diff -N java-trap.zh-cn.html
--- /dev/null 1 Jan 1970 00:00:00 -0000
+++ java-trap.zh-cn.html 5 Jun 2020 03:59:20 -0000 1.1
@@ -0,0 +1,190 @@
+<!--#set var="ENGLISH_PAGE" value="/philosophy/java-trap.en.html" -->
+
+<!--#include virtual="/server/header.zh-cn.html" -->
+<!-- Parent-Version: 1.77 -->
+
+<!-- This file is automatically generated by GNUnited Nations! -->
+<title>æ´é£éçèªç± - Java é·é± - GNU å·¥ç¨ -
èªç±è½¯ä»¶åºéä¼</title>
+
+<!--#include virtual="/philosophy/po/java-trap.translist" -->
+<!--#include virtual="/server/banner.zh-cn.html" -->
+<h2>æ´é£éçèªç± - Java é·é±</h2>
+
+<p><a href="http://www.stallman.org/";>Richard Stallman</a> è</p>
+
+
+<div class="announcement"><blockquote><h3>åè¨</h3>
+<p>èªè¿ç¯æç« é¦æ¬¡åå¸ä»¥æ¥ï¼Sunï¼ç°å¨æ¯ Oracle
çä¸é¨åï¼å·²ç»æ ¹æ® GNU éç¨å
Œ
±è®¸å¯è¯<a
+href="http://www.fsf.org/news/fsf-welcomes-gpl-java.html";>éæ°ææäº</a>å
¶å¤§é¨å Java
+å¹³å°åèå®ç°ï¼ä¸ç°å¨æä¸ä¸ªèªç±ç Java å¼åç¯å¢ãå
æ¤ï¼Java è¯è¨æ¬èº«ä¸åæ¯é·é±ã</p>
+
+<p>ä½æ¯ï¼æ¨å¿
é¡»å°å¿ï¼å 为并éæ¯ä¸ª Java
å¹³å°é½æ¯èªç±çãSun 继ç»ååéèªç±çå¯æ§è¡ Java å¹³å°ï¼å
¶ä»å
¬å¸ä¹è¿æ ·åã</p>
+
+<p>Java çèªç±ç¯å¢ç§°ä¸ºIcedTeaãSun éæ¾çæºä»£ç 被å
å«å¨å
¶ä¸ãå æ¤ï¼å®æ¯æ¨åºè¯¥ä½¿ç¨çãè®¸å¤ GNU/Linux åè¡çå
å«äº
+IceTeaï¼ä½å
¶ä¸ä¸äºåè¡çå
æ¬éèªç±ç Java
å¹³å°ãï¼è¯·æ³¨æï¼äº 2015 å¹´ 10 ææ·»å ï¼Java
çèªç±å®ç°å¨è®¸å¤ GNU/Linux
+åè¡çä¸è¢«ç§°ä¸º OpenJDKãï¼</p>
+
+<p>为äºå¯é å°ç¡®ä¿ Java
ç¨åºå¨èªç±çç¯å¢ä¸æ£å¸¸è¿è¡ï¼æ¨éè¦ä½¿ç¨ IcedTea
å¼åå®ä»¬ãç论ä¸ï¼Java å¹³å°åºè¯¥å
¼å®¹ï¼ä½å®ä»¬å¹¶ä¸æ¯ 100ï¼
+å
¼å®¹ã</p>
+
+<p>æ¤å¤ï¼è¿æä¸äºå称ä¸å¸¦æ “Java”
çéèªç±ç¨åºï¼ä¾å¦ JavaFXï¼å¹¶ä¸è¿æä¸äºéèªç± Java
+ç¨åºå
ï¼æ¨å¯è½ä¼å¾æå
´è¶£ï¼ä½æ¯éè¦æç»å®ä»¬ãæ以ï¼è¯·æ£æ¥æ¨æ³ä½¿ç¨çä»»ä½è½¯ä»¶å
ç许å¯è¯ã å¦æä½¿ç¨ Swingï¼è¯·ç¡®ä¿ä½¿ç¨å IcedTea
+ä¸èµ·åå¸çèªç±çæ¬ãï¼æ³¨æï¼å¨ 2015 å¹´ 10 ææ·»å ï¼JavaFX
çèªç±æ¿ä»£å«å OpenJFXï¼å·²ç»åå¸ãï¼</p>
+
+<p>é¤äºè¿äº Java
è§èå¤ï¼æ¤å¤æè¿°çä¸è¬é®é¢ä»ç¶å¾éè¦ï¼å
为任ä½éèªç±åºæç¼ç¨å¹³å°é½å¯è½å¯¼è´ç±»ä¼¼é®é¢ãæ们å¿
é¡»ä» Java
+çåå²ä¸å¸åæè®ï¼ä»¥ä¾¿å°æ¥é¿å
å
¶ä»é·é±ã</p>
+
+<p>å¦è¯·åè§ï¼<a href="/philosophy/javascript-trap.html"> JavaScript
é·é±</a>ã</p>
+</blockquote>
+</div>
+
+<p>2004 å¹´ 4 æ 12 æ¥</p>
+
+<p>
+ å¦æä½
çç¨åºæ¯èªç±è½¯ä»¶ï¼è¿åºæ¬ä¸æ¯éå¾·ç——ä½æä¸ä¸ªé·é±ï¼æ¨å¿
é¡»è¦æãæ¨çç¨åºè½ç¶æ¬èº«æ¯èªç±çï¼ä½å¯è½åå
¶ä¾èµçéèªç±è½¯ä»¶çéå¶ãç±äºé®é¢å¯¹äº
+Java ç¨åºèè¨ä»å¤©æ为çªåºï¼å æ¤æ们å°å
¶ç§°ä¸º Java é·é±ã
+</p>
+
+<p>
+ å¦æç¨åºçç¨æ·æ¥æä¸äºå
³é®çèªç±ï¼å该ç¨åºä¸ºèªç±è½¯ä»¶ãç²ç¥å°è¯´ï¼å®ä»¬æ¯ï¼è¿è¡ç¨åºçèªç±ï¼å¦ä¹
åæ´æ¹æºä»£ç çèªç±ï¼éæ°ååæºä»£ç
åäºè¿å¶æ件çèªç±ä»¥ååå¸æ¹è¿çæ¬çèªç±ãï¼è¯·åé
+<a
+href="/philosophy/free-sw.html">http://www.gnu.org/philosophy/free-sw.html</a>ãï¼ä¸ä¸ªææºä»£ç
çç¨åºæ¯ä¸æ¯èªç±è½¯ä»¶ï¼åªä¾èµäºå
¶è®¸å¯è¯çå«ä¹ã
+</p>
+
+<p>
+
ç¨åºæ¯å¦å¯ä»¥å¨èªç±ä¸çä¸ä½¿ç¨ï¼ä¾é£äºæ³çæ´»å¨èªç±ä¸ç人们使ç¨ï¼è¿æ¯ä¸ä¸ªæ´å¤æçé®é¢ãè¿ä¸æ¯ä»
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+</p>
+
+<p>
+
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¶éèªç±ä¾èµå
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+</p>
+
+<p>
+
å¨ä»»ä½ç±»åç软件ï¼ä»»ä½è¯è¨ä¸é½å¯è½åºç°è¿ç§é®é¢ãä¾å¦ï¼ä»
å¨ Microsoft Windows
+ä¸è¿è¡çèªç±ç¨åºå¨èªç±ä¸çä¸æ¾ç¶æ¯«æ
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+ä¸è¿è¡ç软件ä¹å¯è½æ ç¨ãè¿å»ï¼Motifï¼å¨æ们æ¥æ LessTif
ä¹åï¼å Qtï¼å¨å
¶å¼å人å使å®æ为èªç±è½¯ä»¶ä¹åï¼æ¯é
ææ¤é®é¢ç主è¦åå ã
+大å¤æ°3Dè§é¢å¡åªè½ä¸éèªç±é©±å¨ç¨åºä¸èµ·å®æ´ä½¿ç¨ï¼è¿ä¹ä¼å¯¼è´æ¤é®é¢ãä½æ¯ä»å¤©è¿ä¸ªé®é¢ç主è¦æ
¹æºæ¯ Javaï¼å 为ç¼åèªç±è½¯ä»¶ç人ç»å¸¸ä¼è§å¾ Java
+å¾æ§æãç±äºå¯¹è¯è¨çå¸å¼åè被èè½ï¼ä»ä»¬å¿½ç¥äºä¾èµçé®é¢ï¼è½å
¥äº Java é·é±ã
+</p>
+
+<p>
+ Sun ç Java å®ç°ä¸æ¯èªç±çãæ å Java
åºä¹æ¯éèªç±çãæ们确å®æ Java çèªç±å®ç°ï¼ä¾å¦ <a
+href="http://gcc.gnu.org/java/";>GNU Javaç¼è¯å¨</a>ï¼GCJï¼å <a
+href="/software/classpath">GNU
Classpath</a>ï¼ä½å®ä»¬å°ä¸æ¯æææåè½ãæ们ä»å¨è¿½èµ¶ã
+</p>
+
+<p>
+ å¦ææ¨å¨ Sun ç Java å¹³å°ä¸å¼å Java
ç¨åºï¼åæå¯è½å¨ä¸æ³¨æçæ
åµä¸ä½¿ç¨ä»
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+çåè½ãå°æ¨åç°æ¤é®é¢æ¶ï¼æ¨å¯è½å·²ç»ä½¿ç¨äºå
个æï¼å¹¶ä¸éåå·¥ä½å¯è½éè¦è±è´¹å
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¥
+Java é·é±ä¸ãå®å¨èªç±ä¸çä¸å°æ æ³ä½¿ç¨ã
+</p>
+
+<p>
+ é¿å
Java é·é±çå¯é æ¹æ³æ¯å¨ç³»ç»ä¸åªæ Java
çèªç±å®ç°ãç¶åï¼å¦ææ¨ä½¿ç¨çæ¯èªç±è½¯ä»¶å°ä¸æ¯æç Java
+åè½æåºï¼é£ä¹æ¨å°ç«å³åç°å¹¶å¯ä»¥ç«å³éå该代ç ã
+</p>
+
+<p>
+ Sun 继ç»å¼åå
¶ä»æ å Java åºï¼å¹¶ä¸å
ä¹ææçåºé½æ¯éèªç±çãå¨è®¸å¤æ
åµä¸ï¼å³ä½¿æ¯åºç“è§è”ä¹æ¯åä¸ç§å¯ï¼å¹¶ä¸ Sun
+é对è¿äºè§èçææ°è®¸å¯è¯ç¦æ¢åå¸é¤è§èçå®æ´å®ç°ä¹å¤çä»»ä½å
容ãï¼è¯·åç <a
+href="http://jcp.org/aboutJava/communityprocess/JSPA2.pdf";>http://jcp.org/aboutJava/communityprocess/JSPA2.pdf</a>
+å <a
+href="http://jcp.org/aboutJava/communityprocess/final/jsr129/j2me_pb-1_0-fr-spec-license.html";>http://jcp.org/aboutJava/communityprocess/final/jsr129/j2me_pb-1_0-fr-spec-license.html</a>
+ç示ä¾ãï¼
+</p>
+
+<p>
+ 幸è¿çæ¯ï¼è¯¥è§è许å¯è¯ç¡®å®å
许以èªç±è½¯ä»¶çå½¢å¼åå¸å®ç°ï¼å¯ä»¥å
许å
¶ä»æ¥æ¶è¯¥åºç人è¿è¡æ´æ¹ï¼èæ
ééµå®è¯¥è§èãä½æ¯è¯¥è¦æ±å
·æç¦æ¢ä½¿ç¨åä½å¼å模åæ¥äº§çèªç±å®ç°çææã使ç¨è¯¥æ¨¡åå°éè¦åå¸ä¸å®æ´ççæ¬ï¼èé£äºå·²ç»é
读è¿è¯¥è§èç人å°è¢«ç¦æ¢è¿æ ·åã
+</p>
+
+<p>
+ å¨èªç±è½¯ä»¶è¿å¨çæ©æï¼ä¸å¯é¿å
å°è¦ä¾èµéèªç±ç¨åºãå¨æ¥æGNU
Cç¼è¯å¨ä¹åï¼æ¯ä¸ªCç¨åºï¼æ
论æ¯å¦èªç±ï¼é½ä¾èµäºéèªç±çCç¼è¯å¨ãå¨æ¥æGNU
+Cåºä¹åï¼æ¯ä¸ªç¨åºé½ä¾èµäºä¸ä¸ªéèªç±çCåºãå¨æ们æ¥æ第ä¸ä¸ªèªç±å
æ ¸ Linux ä¹åï¼æ¯ä¸ªç¨åºé½ä¾èµäºéèªç±å
æ ¸ãå¨æ BASH
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+shell èæ¬é½å¿
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+解éãä¸å¯é¿å
çæ¯ï¼æåçç¨åºä¸å¼å§ä¼åå°è¿äºä¾èµçé»ç¢ï¼ä½æ¯æ们æ¥åäºè¿ä¸ç¹ï¼å
为æ们ç计åå
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æ¯å»ºç«ä¸ä¸ªèªæ°ç GNU
+æä½ç³»ç»ï¼å
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å°±è¿æ ·åçäºï¼æäº
GNU/Linux
+ç³»ç»ï¼æ们ç°å¨å¯ä»¥å¨èªç±å¹³å°ä¸è¿è¡è¿äºç¨åºäºã
+</p>
+
+<p>
+ ä»å¤©çæ
åµææä¸åãæ们ç°å¨æ¥æåè½å¼ºå¤§çèªç±æä½ç³»ç»å许å¤èªç±çç¼ç¨å·¥å
·ãæ
论æ¨æ³åä»ä¹å·¥ä½ï¼é½å¯ä»¥å¨èªç±çå¹³å°ä¸å®æï¼çè³ä¸éè¦ææ¶æ¥åéèªç±ä¾èµã人们ä»å¤©è½å
¥é·é±ç主è¦åå æ¯å
为ä»ä»¬æ²¡æ对æ¤è¿è¡èèã解å³è¯¥é®é¢çæç®åæ¹æ³æ¯æä¼äººä»¬è®¤è¯å®å¹¶ä¸ä¸é·å
¥å®ã
+</p>
+
+<p>
+ 为äºä½¿ Java 代ç å
å Java é·é±çå½±åï¼è¯·å®è£
èªç±ç Java
+å¼åç¯å¢å¹¶ä½¿ç¨å®ãä¸è¬æ¥è¯´ï¼æ
论使ç¨åªç§è¯è¨ï¼è¯·ç大ç¼çï¼æ£æ¥ä»£ç
æä¾èµçç¨åºçèªç±ç¶æãéªè¯ç¨åºæ¯å¦èªç±çæç®åæ¹æ³æ¯å¨âèªç±è½¯ä»¶ç®å½âï¼<a
+href="http://www.fsf.org/directory";>http://www.fsf.org/directory</a>ï¼æ¥æ¾ãå¦æç¨åºä¸å¨ç®å½ä¸ï¼åå¯ä»¥å¯¹ç
§èªç±è½¯ä»¶è®¸å¯è¯å表ï¼<a
+href="/licenses/license-list.html">http://www.gnu.org/licenses/license-list.html</a>ï¼å®¡æ¥å
¶è®¸å¯è¯ã
+</p>
+
+<p>
+ æ们æ£è¯å¾æ½æ被å°ç Java ç¨åºï¼å æ¤ï¼å¦ææ¨å欢 Java
è¯è¨ï¼æ们é请æ¨ä¸èµ·å¸®å©å¼å GNU
Classpathã使ç¨GCJç¼è¯å¨å GNU
+Classpath éªè¯ä½
çç¨åºï¼å¹¶æ¥åå¨å·²å®ç°çç±»ä¸éå°çä»»ä½é®é¢ä¹å¾æç¨ãç¶èï¼å®æ
GNU Classpath
+éè¦è±è´¹æ¶é´ï¼å¦æéèªç±åºçè¿å¨æç»å¢å
ï¼æ们å¯è½æ°¸è¿ä¸ä¼æææææ°çåºãå
æ¤ï¼è¯·ä¸è¦ç»æ¨çèªç±è½¯ä»¶å¥ä¸æ·éãä»å¤©ï¼å½æ¨ç¼ååºç¨ç¨åºæ¶ï¼è¯·ä¸å¼å§å°±æç
§å¨èªç±å·¥å
·ä¸è¿è¡çç®æ æ¥ç¼åã
+</p>
+
+<h3>请åæ¶åçï¼</h3>
+<p><a href="/philosophy/sun-in-night-time.html">The Curious Incident of Sun in
+the Night-Time</a></p>
+
+<div class="translators-notes">
+
+<!--TRANSLATORS: Use space (SPC) as msgstr if you don't have notes.-->
+ </div>
+</div>
+
+<!-- for id="content", starts in the include above -->
+<!--#include virtual="/server/footer.zh-cn.html" -->
+<div id="footer">
+<div class="unprintable">
+
+<p>请å°æå
³èªç±è½¯ä»¶åºéä¼(FSF)& GNU
çä¸è¬æ§é®é¢åéå°<a
+href="mailto:gnu@gnu.org";><gnu@gnu.org></a>ãä¹å¯ä»¥éè¿ <a
+href="/contact/">å
¶ä»èç³»æ¹æ³</a>
èç³»èªç±è½¯ä»¶åºéä¼(FSF)ãæå
³é误é¾æ¥ãå
¶ä»æ´æ£æ建议ï¼è¯·èç³» <a
+href="mailto:webmasters@gnu.org";><webmasters@gnu.org></a>ã</p>
+
+<p>
+<!-- TRANSLATORS: Ignore the original text in this paragraph,
+ replace it with the translation of these two:
+
+ We work hard and do our best to provide accurate, good quality
+ translations. However, we are not exempt from imperfection.
+ Please send your comments and general suggestions in this regard
+ to <a href="mailto:web-translators@gnu.org";>
+
+ <web-translators@gnu.org></a>.</p>
+
+ <p>For information on coordinating and submitting translations of
+ our web pages, see <a
+ href="/server/standards/README.translations.html">Translations
+ README</a>. -->
+æ们尽æ大åªåæ¥æä¾ç²¾ååé«è´¨éçç¿»è¯ï¼ä½é¾å
ä¼åå¨é误åä¸è¶³ãå¦ææ¨å¨è¿æ¹é¢æè¯è®ºæä¸è¬æ§ç建议ï¼è¯·åéè³
<a
+href="mailto:web-translators@gnu.org";><web-translators@gnu.org></a>ã</p><p>å
³äºè¿è¡åè°ä¸æ交翻è¯çæ´å¤ä¿¡æ¯åè§
+<a href="/server/standards/README.translators.html">ãè¯è
æåã</a>ã</p>
+</div>
+
+<p>Copyright © 2004, 2010, 2015 Richard Stallman</p>
+
+<p>æ¬é¡µé¢ä½¿ç¨<a rel="license"
+href="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nd/4.0/";>Creative Commons
+Attribution-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License</a>ææã</p>
+
+<!--#include virtual="/server/bottom-notes.zh-cn.html" -->
+<div class="translators-credits">
+
+<!--TRANSLATORS: Use space (SPC) as msgstr if you don't want credits.-->
+<b>ç¿»è¯</b>:<a rel="team"
href="mailto:nios34@disroot.org";>Nios34</a><br></br>
+<b>ç¿»è¯å¢é</b>ï¼<a rel="team"
+href="https://savannah.gnu.org/projects/www-zh-cn/";><CTT></a>ï¼2020ã</div>
+
+<p class="unprintable"><!-- timestamp start -->
+æåæ´æ°ï¼
+
+$Date: 2020/06/05 03:59:20 $
+
+<!-- timestamp end -->
+</p>
+</div>
+</div>
+</body>
+</html>
Index: po/amazon.zh-cn-en.html
===================================================================
RCS file: po/amazon.zh-cn-en.html
diff -N po/amazon.zh-cn-en.html
--- /dev/null 1 Jan 1970 00:00:00 -0000
+++ po/amazon.zh-cn-en.html 5 Jun 2020 03:59:21 -0000 1.1
@@ -0,0 +1,281 @@
+<!--#include virtual="/server/header.html" -->
+<!-- Parent-Version: 1.86 -->
+<title>(Formerly) Boycott Amazon! - GNU Project - Free Software
Foundation</title>
+<!--#include virtual="/philosophy/po/amazon.translist" -->
+<!--#include virtual="/server/banner.html" -->
+<h2>(Formerly) Boycott Amazon!</h2>
+
+<div class="comment">
+<p>
+The FSF decided to end its boycott of Amazon in September 2002. (We
+forgot to edit this page at the time.) We could not tell the precise
+result of the lawsuit against Barnes & Noble, but it did not seem to
+be very harmful to the defendant. And Amazon had not attacked anyone
+else.</p>
+<p>
+Amazon has got a number of other menacing patents since then, but has
+not as yet used them for aggression. Perhaps it will not do so. If
+it does, we will take a look at how to denounce it.</p>
+<p>
+The rest of this page is as it was in 2001 while the boycott
+was active.</p>
+</div>
+
+<hr class="thin" />
+
+<p>
+If you support the boycott,
+<br />
+<em>Please make links to this page</em>
+<br />
+<strong>http://www.gnu.org/philosophy/amazon.html</strong> !!!!
+</p>
+
+<hr class="thin" />
+
+<h3 id="whyBoycott">Why we boycott Amazon</h3>
+<p>
+Amazon has obtained a <a href="/philosophy/amazonpatent.html">US
+patent (5,960,411)</a> on an important and obvious idea for
+E-commerce: an idea sometimes known as one-click purchasing. The idea
+is that your command in a web browser to buy a certain item can carry
+along information about your identity. (It works by sending the
+server a “cookie”, a kind of ID code that your browser
+received previously from the same server.)</p>
+<p>
+Amazon has sued to block the use of this simple idea, showing that
+they truly intend to monopolize it. This is an attack against the
+World Wide Web and against E-commerce in general.</p>
+<p>
+The idea patented here is just that a company can give you something
+which you can subsequently show them to identify yourself for credit.
+This is nothing new: a physical credit card does the same job, after
+all. But the US Patent Office issues patents on obvious and
+well-known ideas every day. Sometimes the result is a disaster.</p>
+<p>
+Today Amazon is suing one large company. If this were just a dispute
+between two companies, it would not be an important public issue. But
+the patent gives Amazon the power over anyone who runs a web site in
+the US (and any other countries that give them similar patents)—power
+to control all use of this technique. Although only one company is
+being sued today, the issue affects the whole Internet.</p>
+<p>
+Amazon is not alone at fault in what is happening. The US Patent
+Office is to blame for having very low standards, and US courts are to
+blame for endorsing them. And US patent law is to blame for
+authorizing patents on information-manipulating techniques and
+patterns of communication—a policy that is harmful in general.</p>
+
+<p>
+Foolish government policies gave Amazon the opportunity—but an
+opportunity is not an excuse. Amazon made the choice to obtain this
+patent, and the choice to use it in court for aggression. The
+ultimate moral responsibility for Amazon's actions lies with Amazon's
+executives.</p>
+<p>
+We can hope that the court will find this patent is legally invalid.
+Whether they do so will depend on detailed facts and obscure
+technicalities. The patent uses piles of semi-relevant detail to make
+this “invention” look like something subtle.</p>
+<p>
+But we do not have to wait passively for the court to decide the
+freedom of E-commerce. There is something we can do right now: we can
+refuse to do business with Amazon. Please do not buy anything from
+Amazon until they promise to stop using this patent to threaten or
+restrict other web sites.</p>
+<p>
+If you are the author of a book sold by Amazon, you can provide
+powerful help to this campaign by putting this text into the
+“author comment” about your book, on Amazon's web site.
+(Alas, it appears they are refusing to post these comments for
+authors.)</p>
+<p>
+If you have suggestions, or if you simply support the boycott, please
+send mail to <a href="mailto:amazon@gnu.org";><amazon@gnu.org></a>
+to let us know.</p>
+<p>
+Amazon's response to people who write about the patent contains a
+subtle misdirection which is worth analyzing:</p>
+<blockquote><p>
+ The patent system is designed to encourage innovation, and we spent
+ thousands of hours developing our 1-ClickR shopping feature.
+</p></blockquote>
+<p>
+If they did spend thousands of hours, they surely did not spend it
+thinking of the general technique that the patent covers. So if they
+are telling the truth, what did they spend those hours doing?</p>
+<p>
+Perhaps they spent some of the time writing the patent application.
+That task was surely harder than thinking of the technique. Or
+perhaps they are talking about the time it took designing, writing,
+testing, and perfecting the scripts and the web pages to handle
+one-click shopping. That was surely a substantial job. Looking
+carefully at their words, it seems the “thousands of hours
+developing” could include either of these two jobs.</p>
+<p>
+But the issue here is not about the details in their particular
+scripts (which they do not release to us) and web pages (which are
+copyrighted anyway). The issue here is the general idea, and whether
+Amazon should have a monopoly on that idea.</p>
+<p>
+Are you, or I, free to spend the necessary hours writing our own
+scripts, our own web pages, to provide one-click shopping? Even if we
+are selling something other than books, are we free to do this? That
+is the question. Amazon seeks to deny us that freedom, with the eager
+help of a misguided US government.</p>
+<p>
+When Amazon sends out cleverly misleading statements like the one
+quoted above, it demonstrates something important: they do care what
+the public thinks of their actions. They must care—they are a
+retailer. Public disgust can affect their profits.</p>
+<p>
+People have pointed out that the problem of software patents is much
+bigger than Amazon, that other companies might have acted just the
+same, and that boycotting Amazon won't directly change patent law. Of
+course, these are all true. But that is no argument against this
+boycott!</p>
+<p>
+If we mount the boycott strongly and lastingly, Amazon may eventually
+make a concession to end it. And even if they do not, the next
+company which has an outrageous software patent and considers suing
+someone will realize there can be a price to pay. They may have
+second thoughts.</p>
+<p>
+The boycott can also indirectly help change patent law—by calling
+attention to the issue and spreading demand for change. And it is so
+easy to participate that there is no need to be deterred on that
+account. If you agree about the issue, why <em>not</em> boycott
+Amazon?</p>
+<p>
+To help spread the word, please put a note about the boycott on your
+own personal web page, and on institutional pages as well if you can.
+Make a link to this page; updated information will be placed here.</p>
+
+<h3 id="whyContinue">Why the Boycott Continues Given that the Suit has
+Settled</h3>
+
+<p>
+Amazon.com reported in March 2002 that it had settled its long-running
+patent-infringement suit against Barnes & Noble over its 1-Click
+checkout system. The details of the settlement were not disclosed.</p>
+
+<p>
+Since the terms were not disclosed, we have no way of knowing whether this
+represents a defeat for Amazon such as would justify ending the boycott.
+Thus, we encourage everyone to continue the boycott.</p>
+
+<h3 id="Updates">Updates and Links</h3>
+
+<p>
+In this section, we list updates and links about issues related to
+Amazon.com, their business practices, and stories related to the boycott.
+New information is added to the bottom of this section.</p>
+
+<p>
+Tim O'Reilly has sent Amazon an
+<a
href="http://www.oreilly.com/pub/a/oreilly/ask_tim/2000/amazon_patent.html";>open
+letter</a>
+disapproving of the use of this patent,
+stating the position about as forcefully as possible given an
+unwillingness to stop doing business with them.</p>
+
+<p>
+<a href="http://www.stallman.org/";>Richard M. Stallman</a> has written a
+<a href="/philosophy/amazon-rms-tim.html">letter to Tim O'Reilly</a>
+in regard to the statement by Jeff Bezos, <acronym title="Chief
+Executive Officer">CEO</acronym> of Amazon, which called for software
+patents to last just 3 or 5 years.</p>
+
+<p>
+Paul Barton-Davis
+<a href="mailto:pbd@op.net";><pbd@op.net></a>,
+one of the founding programmers
+at Amazon, <a
href="http://www.equalarea.com/paul/amazon-1click.html";>writes</a>
+about the Amazon Boycott.</p>
+
+<p>
+Nat Friedman wrote in with an
+<a href="/philosophy/amazon-nat.html">Amazon Boycott success story</a>.</p>
+
+<p>
+On the side, Amazon is doing
+<a
href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140610154715/http://www.salon.com/1999/10/28/amazon_3/";>other
+obnoxious things</a> in another courtroom, too.</p>
+
+<p>
+See <a
+href="http://endsoftpatents.org";>http://endsoftpatents.org</a> for
+more information about the broader issue of
+<a
href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150329143651/http://progfree.org/Patents/patents.html";>
+software patents</a>.</p>
+
+<p>
+<a
href="http://web.archive.org/web/20010430183216/http://www.cpsr.org/links/bookstore/";>
+Computer Professionals for
+Social Responsibility have dropped their affiliation with Amazon</a>.</p>
+
+</div><!-- for id="content", starts in the include above -->
+<!--#include virtual="/server/footer.html" -->
+<div id="footer">
+<div class="unprintable">
+
+<p>Please send general FSF & GNU inquiries to
+<a href="mailto:gnu@gnu.org";><gnu@gnu.org></a>.
+There are also <a href="/contact/">other ways to contact</a>
+the FSF. Broken links and other corrections or suggestions can be sent
+to <a href="mailto:webmasters@gnu.org";><webmasters@gnu.org></a>.</p>
+
+<p><!-- TRANSLATORS: Ignore the original text in this paragraph,
+ replace it with the translation of these two:
+
+ We work hard and do our best to provide accurate, good quality
+ translations. However, we are not exempt from imperfection.
+ Please send your comments and general suggestions in this regard
+ to <a href="mailto:web-translators@gnu.org";>
+ <web-translators@gnu.org></a>.</p>
+
+ <p>For information on coordinating and submitting translations of
+ our web pages, see <a
+ href="/server/standards/README.translations.html">Translations
+ README</a>. -->
+Please see the <a
+href="/server/standards/README.translations.html">Translations
+README</a> for information on coordinating and submitting translations
+of this article.</p>
+</div>
+
+<!-- Regarding copyright, in general, standalone pages (as opposed to
+ files generated as part of manuals) on the GNU web server should
+ be under CC BY-ND 4.0. Please do NOT change or remove this
+ without talking with the webmasters or licensing team first.
+ Please make sure the copyright date is consistent with the
+ document. For web pages, it is ok to list just the latest year the
+ document was modified, or published.
+
+ If you wish to list earlier years, that is ok too.
+ Either "2001, 2002, 2003" or "2001-2003" are ok for specifying
+ years, as long as each year in the range is in fact a copyrightable
+ year, i.e., a year in which the document was published (including
+ being publicly visible on the web or in a revision control system).
+
+ There is more detail about copyright years in the GNU Maintainers
+ Information document, www.gnu.org/prep/maintain. -->
+
+<p>Copyright © 1999, 2001, 2007, 2008, 2013, 2014, 2015, 2018, 2019
+Free Software Foundation, Inc.</p>
+
+<p>This page is licensed under a <a rel="license"
+href="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nd/4.0/";>Creative
+Commons Attribution-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License</a>.</p>
+
+<!--#include virtual="/server/bottom-notes.html" -->
+
+<p class="unprintable">Updated:
+<!-- timestamp start -->
+$Date: 2020/06/05 03:59:21 $
+<!-- timestamp end -->
+</p>
+</div>
+</div><!-- for class="inner", starts in the banner include -->
+</body>
+</html>
Index: po/java-trap.zh-cn-en.html
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+<!--#include virtual="/server/header.html" -->
+<!-- Parent-Version: 1.77 -->
+<title>Free but Shackled - The Java Trap
+- GNU Project - Free Software Foundation</title>
+<!--#include virtual="/philosophy/po/java-trap.translist" -->
+<!--#include virtual="/server/banner.html" -->
+
+<h2>Free but Shackled - The Java Trap</h2>
+
+<p>by <a href="http://www.stallman.org/";>Richard Stallman</a></p>
+
+
+<div class="announcement"><blockquote><h3>Headnote</h3>
+<p>Since this article was first published, Sun (now part of Oracle)
+has <a href="http://www.fsf.org/news/fsf-welcomes-gpl-java.html";>relicensed</a>
+most of its Java platform reference implementation under the GNU
+General Public License, and there is now a free development
+environment for Java. Thus, the Java language as such is no longer a
+trap.</p>
+
+<p>You must be careful, however, because not every Java platform is
+free. Sun continues distributing an executable
+Java platform which is nonfree, and other companies do so too.</p>
+
+<p>The free environment for Java is called IcedTea; the source code
+Sun freed is included in that. So that is the one you should use.
+Many GNU/Linux distributions come with IcedTea, but some include
+nonfree Java platforms. (Note, added 10/2015: The free implementation
+of Java is known as OpenJDK in many GNU/Linux distributions.)</p>
+
+<p>To reliably ensure your Java programs run fine in a free
+environment, you need to develop them using IcedTea. Theoretically
+the Java platforms should be compatible, but they are not compatible
+100 percent.</p>
+
+<p>In addition, there are nonfree programs with “Java” in
+their name, such as JavaFX, and there are nonfree Java packages you
+might find tempting but need to reject. So check the licenses of
+whatever packages you plan to use. If you use Swing, make sure to use
+the free version, which comes with IcedTea. (Note, added 10/2015: A free
+replacement for JavaFX called OpenJFX has been released.)</p>
+
+<p>Aside from those Java specifics, the general issue described here
+remains important, because any nonfree library or programming platform
+can cause a similar problem. We must learn a lesson from the history of
+Java, so we can avoid other traps in the future.</p>
+
+<p>Please also see: <a href="/philosophy/javascript-trap.html">
+The JavaScript Trap</a>.</p>
+</blockquote>
+</div>
+
+<p>April 12, 2004</p>
+
+<p>
+ If your program is free software, it is basically ethical—but
+ there is a trap you must be on guard for. Your program, though in
+ itself free, may be restricted by nonfree software that it depends
+ on. Since the problem is most prominent today for Java programs, we
+ call it the Java Trap.
+</p>
+
+<p>
+ A program is free software if its users have certain crucial
+ freedoms. Roughly speaking, they are: the freedom to run the
+ program, the freedom to study and change the source, the freedom to
+ redistribute the source and binaries, and the freedom to publish
+ improved versions. (See
+ <a
href="/philosophy/free-sw.html">http://www.gnu.org/philosophy/free-sw.html</a>.)
+ Whether any given program in source form is free software depends
+ solely on the meaning of its license.
+</p>
+
+<p>
+ Whether the program can be used in the Free World, used by people who mean to
+ live in freedom, is a more complex question. This is not determined by the
+ program's own license alone, because no program works in isolation. Every
program
+ depends on other programs. For instance, a program needs to be compiled or
+ interpreted, so it depends on a compiler or interpreter. If compiled into
+ byte code, it depends on a byte-code interpreter. Moreover, it needs
+ libraries in order to run, and it may also invoke other separate programs
+ that run in other processes. All of these programs are dependencies.
+ Dependencies may be necessary for the program to run at all, or they may
+ be necessary only for certain features. Either way, all or part of the
+ program cannot operate without the dependencies.
+</p>
+
+<p>
+ If some of a program's dependencies are nonfree, this means that
+ all or part of the program is unable to run in an entirely free
+ system—it is unusable in the Free World. Sure, we could
+ redistribute the program and have copies on our machines, but that's
+ not much good if it won't run. That program is free software, but it
+ is effectively shackled by its nonfree dependencies.
+</p>
+
+<p>
+ This problem can occur in any kind of software, in any language. For
+ instance, a free program that only runs on Microsoft Windows is clearly
+ useless in the Free World. But software that runs on GNU/Linux can also be
+ useless if it depends on other nonfree software. In the past, Motif (before
+ we had LessTif) and Qt (before its developers made it free software) were
+ major causes of this problem. Most 3D video cards work fully only with
+ nonfree drivers, which also cause this problem. But the major source of
+ this problem today is Java, because people who write free software often
+ feel Java is sexy. Blinded by their attraction to the language, they
+ overlook the issue of dependencies and fall into the Java Trap.
+</p>
+
+<p>
+ Sun's implementation of Java is nonfree. The standard Java libraries are
+ nonfree also. We do have free implementations of Java, such as the <a
+ href="http://gcc.gnu.org/java/";>GNU Compiler for Java</a> (GCJ) and <a
+ href="/software/classpath">GNU Classpath</a>, but they don't support all the
+ features yet. We are still catching up.
+</p>
+
+<p>
+ If you develop a Java program on Sun's Java platform, you are liable
+ to use Sun-only features without even noticing. By the time you find
+ this out, you may have been using them for months, and redoing the
+ work could take more months. You might say, “It's too much
+ work to start over.” Then your program will have fallen into
+ the Java Trap; it will be unusable in the Free World.
+</p>
+
+<p>
+ The reliable way to avoid the Java Trap is to have only a free implementation
+ of Java on your system. Then if you use a Java feature or library that free
+ software does not yet support, you will find out straightaway, and you can
+ rewrite that code immediately.
+</p>
+
+<p>
+ Sun continues to develop additional “standard” Java
+ libraries, and nearly all of them are nonfree; in many cases, even
+ a library's specification is a trade secret, and Sun's latest
+ license for these specifications prohibits release of anything less
+ than a full implementation of the specification. (See
+ <a
href="http://jcp.org/aboutJava/communityprocess/JSPA2.pdf";>http://jcp.org/aboutJava/communityprocess/JSPA2.pdf</a>
and
+ <a
href="http://jcp.org/aboutJava/communityprocess/final/jsr129/j2me_pb-1_0-fr-spec-license.html";>http://jcp.org/aboutJava/communityprocess/final/jsr129/j2me_pb-1_0-fr-spec-license.html</a>
+ for examples.)
+</p>
+
+<p>
+ Fortunately, that specification license does permit releasing an
+ implementation as free software; others who receive the library can be
+ allowed to change it and are not required to adhere to the specification.
+ But the requirement has the effect of prohibiting the use of a collaborative
+ development model to produce the free implementation. Use of that model would
+ entail publishing incomplete versions, something those who have read the
+ spec are not allowed to do.
+</p>
+
+<p>
+ In the early days of the free software movement, it was impossible to avoid
+ depending on nonfree programs. Before we had the GNU C compiler, every C
+ program (free or not) depended on a nonfree C compiler. Before we had the
+ GNU C library, every program depended on a nonfree C library. Before we had
+ Linux, the first free kernel, every program depended on a nonfree kernel.
+ Before we had BASH, every shell script had to be interpreted by a nonfree
+ shell. It was inevitable that our first programs would initially be hampered
+ by these dependencies, but we accepted this because our plan included
rescuing
+ them subsequently. Our overall goal, a self-hosting GNU operating system,
+ included free replacements for all those dependencies; if we reached the
goal,
+ all our programs would be rescued. Thus it happened: with the GNU/Linux
system,
+ we can now run these programs on free platforms.
+</p>
+
+<p>
+ The situation is different today. We now have powerful free operating systems
+ and many free programming tools. Whatever job you want to do, you can do it
on
+ a free platform; there is no need to accept a nonfree dependency even
+ temporarily. The main reason people fall into the trap today is because they
+ are not thinking about it. The easiest solution to the problem
+ is to teach people to recognize it and not fall into it.
+</p>
+
+<p>
+ To keep your Java code safe from the Java Trap, install a free Java
+ development environment and use it. More generally, whatever
+ language you use, keep your eyes open, and check the free status of
+ programs your code depends on. The easiest way to verify that a
+ program is free is by looking for it in the Free Software Directory
+ (<a href="http://www.fsf.org/directory";>http://www.fsf.org/directory</a>).
+ If a program is not in the directory, you can check its license(s)
+ against the list of free software licenses
+ (<a
href="/licenses/license-list.html">http://www.gnu.org/licenses/license-list.html</a>).
+</p>
+
+<p>
+ We are trying to rescue the trapped Java programs, so if you like the Java
+ language, we invite you to help in developing GNU Classpath. Trying your
+ programs with the GCJ Compiler and GNU Classpath, and reporting any
+ problems you encounter in classes already implemented, is also useful.
+ However, finishing GNU Classpath will take time; if more nonfree libraries
+ continue to be added, we may never have all the latest ones. So please don't
+ put your free software in shackles. When you write an application program
+ today, write it to run on free facilities from the start.
+</p>
+
+<h3>See also:</h3>
+<p><a href="/philosophy/sun-in-night-time.html">The Curious Incident
+of Sun in the Night-Time</a></p>
+
+</div><!-- for id="content", starts in the include above -->
+<!--#include virtual="/server/footer.html" -->
+<div id="footer">
+<div class="unprintable">
+
+<p>Please send general FSF & GNU inquiries to
+<a href="mailto:gnu@gnu.org";><gnu@gnu.org></a>.
+There are also <a href="/contact/">other ways to contact</a>
+the FSF. Broken links and other corrections or suggestions can be sent
+to <a href="mailto:webmasters@gnu.org";><webmasters@gnu.org></a>.</p>
+
+<p><!-- TRANSLATORS: Ignore the original text in this paragraph,
+ replace it with the translation of these two:
+
+ We work hard and do our best to provide accurate, good quality
+ translations. However, we are not exempt from imperfection.
+ Please send your comments and general suggestions in this regard
+ to <a href="mailto:web-translators@gnu.org";>
+ <web-translators@gnu.org></a>.</p>
+
+ <p>For information on coordinating and submitting translations of
+ our web pages, see <a
+ href="/server/standards/README.translations.html">Translations
+ README</a>. -->
+Please see the <a
+href="/server/standards/README.translations.html">Translations
+README</a> for information on coordinating and submitting translations
+of this article.</p>
+</div>
+
+<p>Copyright © 2004, 2010, 2015 Richard Stallman</p>
+
+<p>This page is licensed under a <a rel="license"
+href="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nd/4.0/";>Creative
+Commons Attribution-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License</a>.</p>
+
+<!--#include virtual="/server/bottom-notes.html" -->
+
+<p class="unprintable">Updated:
+<!-- timestamp start -->
+$Date: 2020/06/05 03:59:21 $
+<!-- timestamp end -->
+</p>
+</div>
+</div>
+</body>
+</html>
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