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www/proprietary/po zh-cn.po
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From: |
GNUN |
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Subject: |
www/proprietary/po zh-cn.po |
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Date: |
Thu, 9 Apr 2020 13:59:49 -0400 (EDT) |
CVSROOT: /web/www
Module name: www
Changes by: GNUN <gnun> 20/04/09 13:59:48
Added files:
proprietary/po : zh-cn.po
Log message:
Automatic update by GNUnited Nations.
CVSWeb URLs:
http://web.cvs.savannah.gnu.org/viewcvs/www/proprietary/po/zh-cn.po?cvsroot=www&rev=1.1
Patches:
Index: zh-cn.po
===================================================================
RCS file: zh-cn.po
diff -N zh-cn.po
--- /dev/null 1 Jan 1970 00:00:00 -0000
+++ zh-cn.po 9 Apr 2020 17:59:48 -0000 1.1
@@ -0,0 +1,8561 @@
+# Simplified Chinese translation of
https://www.gnu.org/proprietary/proprietary.html
+# Copyright (C) 2020 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
+# This file is distributed under the same license as the original article.
+# Nios34 <address@hidden>, 2020.
+# Wensheng Xie <address@hidden>, 2020.
+#
+msgid ""
+msgstr ""
+"Project-Id-Version: proprietary.html\n"
+"POT-Creation-Date: 2019-11-18 11:26+0000\n"
+"PO-Revision-Date: 2020-04-05 15:32+0800\n"
+"Last-Translator: Wensheng Xie <address@hidden>\n"
+"Language-Team: CTT <address@hidden>\n"
+"Language: zh_CN\n"
+"MIME-Version: 1.0\n"
+"Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8\n"
+"Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit\n"
+"X-Generator: Poedit 2.3\n"
+
+#. type: Content of: <title>
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid "Proprietary Software - GNU Project - Free Software Foundation"
+msgid "Adobe's Software Is Malware - GNU Project - Free Software Foundation"
+msgstr "ä¸æ软件 - GNU å·¥ç¨ - èªç±è½¯ä»¶åºéä¼"
+
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid "<a href=\"/proprietary/malware-mobiles.html\">Mobiles</a>"
+msgid ""
+"<a href=\"/proprietary/proprietary.html\">Proprietary malware</a> → "
+"Adobe"
+msgstr "<a href=\"/proprietary/malware-mobiles.html\">ææº</a>"
+
+#. type: Content of: <div><h2>
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid "Proprietary Software Is Often Malware"
+msgid "Adobe's Software is Malware"
+msgstr "ä¸æ软件常常æ¯æ¶æ软件"
+
+#. type: Content of: <div><div><p>
+msgid ""
+"Nonfree (proprietary) software is very often malware (designed to mistreat "
+"the user). Nonfree software is controlled by its developers, which puts them "
+"in a position of power over the users; <a href=\"/philosophy/free-software-"
+"even-more-important.html\">that is the basic injustice</a>. The developers "
+"and manufacturers often exercise that power to the detriment of the users "
+"they ought to serve."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <div><div><p>
+msgid "This typically takes the form of malicious functionalities."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <div><div><p>
+msgid ""
+"If you know of an example that ought to be in this page but isn't here, "
+"please write to <a href=\"mailto:address@hidden\";><webmasters@gnu."
+"org></a> to inform us. Please include the URL of a trustworthy reference "
+"or two to serve as specific substantiation."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <div><ul><li><p>
+msgid ""
+"Adobe has <a href=\"https://www.bleepingcomputer.com/news/software/adobe-to-";
+"ban-users-from-venezuela-due-to-us-executive-order/\"> cancelled the "
+"software subscriptions of all users in Venezuela</a>. This demonstrates how "
+"a requirement for subscription can be turned into a tool for sabotage."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <div><ul><li><p>
+msgid ""
+"An upgrade package for Acrobat Reader <a href=\"https://www.bleepingcomputer.";
+"com/news/software/adobe-acrobat-reader-dc-update-installs-chrome-browser-"
+"extension/\">silently alters Chrome</a>."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <div><ul><li><p>
+msgid ""
+"Adobe nonfree software may halt all other work and freeze a computer <a href="
+"\"http://shallowsky.com/blog/gimp/non-free-software-surprises.html\";> to "
+"perform a license check</a>, at a random time every 30 days."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <div><ul><li><p>
+msgid ""
+"Adobe made “Digital Editions,” the e-reader used by most US "
+"libraries, <a href=\"https://web.archive.org/web/20141220181015/http://www.";
+"computerworlduk.com/blogs/open-enterprise/drm-strikes-again-3575860/\"> send "
+"lots of data to Adobe</a>. Adobe's “excuse”: it's needed to "
+"check DRM!"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <div><ul><li><p>
+msgid ""
+"<a href=\"https://www.scientificamerican.com/article/adobe-software-";
+"subscription-model-means-you-cant-own-your-software/\"> Adobe tools require "
+"a subscription</a>. Adobe also tried to <a href=\"http://chocolateandvodka.";
+"com/2014/02/20/adobe-creative-cloud-subscription-warning/\"> rip people off "
+"by making the subscriptions annual</a>, but that is a secondary issue "
+"compared with the basic wrong of the time bomb. When a program proprietary, "
+"and even malware, don't get distracted by the secondary issues like price."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <div><ul><li><p>
+msgid ""
+"<small>(Please don't repeat the marketing term “Creative Cloud” "
+"except to express revulsion for it. The <a href=\"/philosophy/words-to-"
+"avoid.html#CloudComputing\"> term “cloud” is designed to cloud "
+"users' minds</a>.)</small>"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <div><ul><li><p>
+msgid ""
+"Adobe applications <a href=\"https://www.wired.com/2013/05/adobe-creative-";
+"cloud-petition/\"> require periodic connection to a server</a>."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <div><ul><li><p>
+msgid ""
+"Adobe applications have time bombs: they <a href=\"http://techcrunch.";
+"com/2013/05/06/adobe-goes-all-in-with-subscription-based-creative-cloud-will-"
+"stop-selling-regular-cs-licenses-shrink-wrapped-boxes/\"> stop working after "
+"a certain time</a>, after which the user must pay to extend the time."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <div><ul><li><p>
+msgid ""
+"Once there was a problem with the servers that these programs use to check "
+"who has paid, and <a href=\"http://www.macuser.co.uk/9015-adobe-creative-";
+"cloud-outage-leaves-adobe-users-locked-out\"> the applications refused to "
+"work for anyone</a>."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. TRANSLATORS: Use space (SPC) as msgstr if you don't have notes.
+#. type: Content of: <div>
+msgid "*GNUN-SLOT: TRANSLATOR'S NOTES*"
+msgstr " "
+
+#. type: Content of: <div><div><p>
+msgid ""
+"Please send general FSF & GNU inquiries to <a
href=\"mailto:address@hidden";
+"\"><address@hidden></a>. There are also <a href=\"/contact/\">other
ways "
+"to contact</a> the FSF. Broken links and other corrections or suggestions "
+"can be sent to <a href=\"mailto:address@hidden\";><webmasters@gnu."
+"org></a>."
+msgstr ""
+"请å°æå
³èªç±è½¯ä»¶åºéä¼(FSF) & GNU çä¸è¬æ§é®é¢åéå°
<a href=\"mailto:";
+"address@hidden\"><address@hidden></a>ãä¹å¯ä»¥éè¿ <a
href=\"/contact/\">å
¶ä»"
+"èç³»æ¹æ³</a> èç³»èªç±è½¯ä»¶åºéä¼(FSF)ãæå
³å¤±æé¾æ¥æå
¶ä»é误å建议ï¼è¯·åéé®"
+"ä»¶å° <a href=\"mailto:address@hidden\";><address@hidden></a>ã"
+
+#
+#
+#
+#. TRANSLATORS: Ignore the original text in this paragraph,
+#. replace it with the translation of these two:
+#. We work hard and do our best to provide accurate, good quality
+#. translations. However, we are not exempt from imperfection.
+#. Please send your comments and general suggestions in this regard
+#. to <a href="mailto:address@hidden";>
+#. <address@hidden></a>.</p>
+#. <p>For information on coordinating and submitting translations of
+#. our web pages, see <a
+#. href="/server/standards/README.translations.html">Translations
+#. README</a>.
+#. type: Content of: <div><div><p>
+msgid ""
+"Please see the <a href=\"/server/standards/README.translations.html"
+"\">Translations README</a> for information on coordinating and submitting "
+"translations of this article."
+msgstr ""
+"æ们尽æ大åªåæ¥æä¾ç²¾ååé«è´¨éçç¿»è¯ï¼ä½é¾å
ä¼åå¨é误åä¸è¶³ãå¦ææ¨å¨è¿æ¹"
+"é¢æè¯è®ºæä¸è¬æ§ç建议ï¼è¯·åéè³ <a
href=\"mailto:address@hidden";
+"\"><address@hidden></a>ã</p><p>å
³äºè¿è¡åè°ä¸æ交翻è¯çæ´å¤ä¿¡"
+"æ¯åè§ <a href=\"/server/standards/README.translators.html\">ãè¯è
æåã</"
+"a>ã"
+
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "Copyright © 2013, 2014, 2015, 2016, 2017, 2018, 2019, 2020 Free "
+#| "Software Foundation, Inc."
+msgid "Copyright © 2016, 2018, 2019 Free Software Foundation, Inc."
+msgstr ""
+"Copyright © 2013, 2014, 2015, 2016, 2017, 2018, 2019, 2020 Free "
+"Software Foundation, Inc."
+
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
+msgid ""
+"This page is licensed under a <a rel=\"license\" href=\"http://";
+"creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/\">Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 "
+"International License</a>."
+msgstr ""
+"æ¬é¡µé¢ä½¿ç¨ <a rel=\"license\"
href=\"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/";
+"by/4.0/\">Creative Commons Attribution-NoDerivatives 4.0 International "
+"License</a> ææã"
+
+#. TRANSLATORS: Use space (SPC) as msgstr if you don't want credits.
+#. type: Content of: <div><div>
+msgid "*GNUN-SLOT: TRANSLATOR'S CREDITS*"
+msgstr ""
+"<b>ç¿»è¯</b>ï¼<a
href=\"mailto:address@hidden\";><Nios34></a>ï¼2020ã"
+"<br></br>\n"
+"<b>ç¿»è¯å¢é</b>ï¼<a rel=\"team\"
href=\"https://savannah.gnu.org/projects/";
+"www-zh-cn/\"><CTT></a>ï¼2020ã"
+
+#. timestamp start
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
+msgid "Updated:"
+msgstr "æåæ´æ°ï¼"
+
+#. type: Content of: <title>
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid "Proprietary Software - GNU Project - Free Software Foundation"
+msgid "Amazon's Software Is Malware - GNU Project - Free Software Foundation"
+msgstr "ä¸æ软件 - GNU å·¥ç¨ - èªç±è½¯ä»¶åºéä¼"
+
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid "<a href=\"/proprietary/malware-mobiles.html\">Mobiles</a>"
+msgid ""
+"<a href=\"/proprietary/proprietary.html\">Proprietary malware</a> → "
+"Amazon"
+msgstr "<a href=\"/proprietary/malware-mobiles.html\">ææº</a>"
+
+#. type: Content of: <div><h2>
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid "Proprietary Software Is Often Malware"
+msgid "Amazon's Software Is Malware"
+msgstr "ä¸æ软件常常æ¯æ¶æ软件"
+
+#. type: Content of: <div><div><ul><li>
+msgid " <a href=\"#swindle\">Kindle Swindle</a> "
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <div><div><ul><li>
+msgid " <a href=\"#echo\">Echo</a> "
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <div><div><ul><li>
+msgid " <a href=\"#misc\">Other products</a> "
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <div><div><h3>
+msgid "Kindle Swindle"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
+msgid ""
+"We refer to this product as the <a href=\"/philosophy/why-call-it-the-"
+"swindle.html\">Amazon Swindle</a> because it has <a href=\"/proprietary/"
+"proprietary-drm.html\">Digital restrictions management (DRM)</a> and <a href="
+"\"/philosophy/ebooks.html\"> other malicious functionalities</a>."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <div><h4>
+msgid "Back Doors"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <div><ul><li><p>
+msgid ""
+"Amazon <a href=\"https://www.techdirt.com/articles/20150321/13350230396/";
+"while-bricking-jailbroken-fire-tvs-last-year-amazon-did-same-to-kindle-"
+"devices.shtml\"> downgraded the software in users' Swindles</a> so that "
+"those already rooted would cease to function at all."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <div><ul><li><p>
+msgid ""
+"The Amazon Kindle-Swindle has a back door that has been used to <a href="
+"\"http://pogue.blogs.nytimes.com/2009/07/17/some-e-books-are-more-equal-than-";
+"others/\"> remotely erase books</a>. One of the books erased was "
+"<cite>1984</cite>, by George Orwell."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <div><ul><li><p>
+msgid ""
+"Amazon responded to criticism by saying it would delete books only following "
+"orders from the state. However, that policy didn't last. In 2012 it <a "
+"href=\"http://boingboing.net/2012/10/22/kindle-user-claims-amazon-dele.html";
+"\"> wiped a user's Kindle-Swindle and deleted her account</a>, then offered "
+"her kafkaesque “explanations.”"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <div><ul><li><p>
+msgid ""
+"The Kindle also has a <a href=\"http://www.amazon.com/gp/help/customer/";
+"display.html?nodeId=200774090\"> universal back door</a>."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <div><h4>
+msgid "Surveillance"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <div><ul><li><p>
+msgid ""
+"The Amazon Ring app does <a href=\"https://www.theguardian.com/";
+"technology/2020/jan/29/ring-smart-doorbell-company-surveillance-eff-report"
+"\"> surveillance for other companies as well as for Amazon</a>."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <div><ul><li><p>
+msgid ""
+"The Electronic Frontier Foundation has examined and found <a href=\"https://";
+"www.eff.org/pages/reader-privacy-chart-2012\">various kinds of surveillance "
+"in the Swindle and other e-readers</a>."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <div><h4>
+msgid "DRM"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <div><ul><li><p>
+msgid ""
+"<a href=\"http://techin.oureverydaylife.com/kindle-drm-17841.html\";> The "
+"Amazon Kindle has DRM</a>. That article is flawed in that it fails to treat "
+"DRM as an ethical question; it takes for granted that whatever Amazon might "
+"do to its users is legitimate. It refers to DRM as digital “"
+"rights” management, which is the spin term used to promote DRM. "
+"Nonetheless it serves as a reference for the facts."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <div><div><h3>
+msgid "Echo"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <div><ul><li><p>
+msgid ""
+"The Amazon Echo appears to have a universal back door, since <a href="
+"\"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amazon_Echo#Software_updates\";> it installs "
+"“updates” automatically</a>."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <div><ul><li><p>
+msgid ""
+"We have found nothing explicitly documenting the lack of any way to disable "
+"remote changes to the software, so we are not completely sure there isn't "
+"one, but this seems pretty clear."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <div><ul><li><p>
+msgid ""
+"Amazon Alexa collects a lot more information from users than is necessary "
+"for correct functioning (time, location, recordings made without a "
+"legitimate prompt), and sends it to Amazon's servers, which store it "
+"indefinitely. Even worse, Amazon forwards it to third-party companies. Thus, "
+"even if users request deletion of their data from Amazon's servers, <a href="
+"\"https://www.ctpost.com/business/article/Alexa-has-been-eavesdropping-on-";
+"you-this-whole-13822095.php\"> the data remain on other servers</a>, where "
+"they can be accessed by advertising companies and government agencies. In "
+"other words, deleting the collected information doesn't cancel the wrong of "
+"collecting it."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <div><ul><li><p>
+msgid ""
+"Data collected by devices such as the Nest thermostat, the Philips Hue-"
+"connected lights, the Chamberlain MyQ garage opener and the Sonos speakers "
+"are likewise stored longer than necessary on the servers the devices are "
+"tethered to. Moreover, they are made available to Alexa. As a result, Amazon "
+"has a very precise picture of users' life at home, not only in the present, "
+"but in the past (and, who knows, in the future too?)"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <div><ul><li><p>
+msgid ""
+"Some of users' commands to the Alexa service are <a href=\"https://www.smh.";
+"com.au/technology/alexa-is-someone-else-listening-to-us-sometimes-someone-"
+"is-20190411-p51d4g.html\"> recorded for Amazon employees to listen to</a>. "
+"The Google and Apple voice assistants do similar things."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <div><ul><li><p>
+msgid ""
+"A fraction of the Alexa service staff even has access to <a href=\"https://";
+"www.bnnbloomberg.ca/amazon-s-alexa-reviewers-can-access-customers-home-"
+"addresses-1.1248788\"> location and other personal data</a>."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <div><ul><li><p>
+msgid ""
+"Since the client program is nonfree, and data processing is done “<a "
+"href=\"/philosophy/words-to-avoid.html#CloudComputing\">in the cloud</"
+"a>” (a soothing way of saying “We won't tell you how and where "
+"it's done”), users have no way to know what happens to the recordings "
+"unless human eavesdroppers <a href=\"https://www.bnnbloomberg.ca/three-";
+"cheers-for-amazon-s-human-eavesdroppers-1.1243033\"> break their non-"
+"disclosure agreements</a>."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <div><ul><li><p>
+msgid ""
+"Crackers found a way to break the security of an Amazon device, and <a href="
+"\"https://boingboing.net/2018/08/12/alexa-bob-carol.html\";> turn it into a "
+"listening device</a> for them."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <div><ul><li><p>
+msgid ""
+"It was very difficult for them to do this. The job would be much easier for "
+"Amazon. And if some government such as China or the US told Amazon to do "
+"this, or cease to sell the product in that country, do you think Amazon "
+"would have the moral fiber to say no?"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <div><ul><li><p>
+msgid ""
+"<small>(These crackers are probably hackers too, but please <a href="
+"\"https://stallman.org/articles/on-hacking.html\";> don't use “"
+"hacking” to mean “breaking security”</a>.)</small>"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <div><div><h3>
+msgid "Other products"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <div><ul><li><p>
+msgid ""
+"Some security breakers (wrongly referred in this article as <a href="
+"\"https://www.gnu.org/philosophy/words-to-avoid.html#Hacker\";>“"
+"hackers”</a>) managed to interfere the Amazon Ring proprietary "
+"system, and <a href=\"https://www.theguardian.com/technology/2019/dec/13/";
+"ring-hackers-reportedly-watching-talking-strangers-in-home-cameras\">access "
+"its camera, speakers and microphones</a>."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <div><ul><li><p>
+msgid ""
+"The Ring (now Amazon) doorbell camera is designed so that the manufacturer "
+"(now Amazon) can watch all the time. Now it turns out that <a href=\"https://";
+"web.archive.org/web/20190918024432/https://dojo.bullguard.com/dojo-by-";
+"bullguard/blog/ring/\"> anyone else can also watch, and fake videos too</a>."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <div><ul><li><p>
+msgid ""
+"The third party vulnerability is presumably unintentional and Amazon will "
+"probably fix it. However, we do not expect Amazon to change the design that "
+"<a href=\"/proprietary/proprietary-surveillance.html#M201901100\">allows "
+"Amazon to watch</a>."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <div><ul><li><p>
+msgid ""
+"Amazon Ring “security” devices <a href=\"https://www.engadget.";
+"com/2019/01/10/ring-gave-employees-access-customer-video-feeds/\"> send the "
+"video they capture to Amazon servers</a>, which save it long-term."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <div><ul><li><p>
+msgid ""
+"In many cases, the video shows everyone that comes near, or merely passes "
+"by, the user's front door."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <div><ul><li><p>
+msgid ""
+"The article focuses on how Ring used to let individual employees look at the "
+"videos freely. It appears Amazon has tried to prevent that secondary abuse, "
+"but the primary abuse—that Amazon gets the video—Amazon expects "
+"society to surrender to."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <div><ul><li><p>
+msgid ""
+"Amazon recently invited consumers to be suckers and <a href=\"https://www.";
+"techdirt.com/articles/20171120/10533238651/vulnerability-fo\"> allow "
+"delivery staff to open their front doors</a>. Wouldn't you know it, the "
+"system has a grave security flaw."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <div><ul><li><p>
+msgid ""
+"The Amazon “Smart” TV is <a href=\"http://www.theguardian.com/";
+"technology/shortcuts/2014/nov/09/amazon-echo-smart-tv-watching-listening-"
+"surveillance\"> snooping all the time</a>."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "Copyright © 2013, 2014, 2015, 2016, 2017, 2018, 2019, 2020 Free "
+#| "Software Foundation, Inc."
+msgid ""
+"Copyright © 2014, 2015, 2016, 2017, 2018, 2019, 2020 Free Software "
+"Foundation, Inc."
+msgstr ""
+"Copyright © 2013, 2014, 2015, 2016, 2017, 2018, 2019, 2020 Free "
+"Software Foundation, Inc."
+
+#. type: Content of: <title>
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid "Proprietary Software - GNU Project - Free Software Foundation"
+msgid ""
+"Apple's Operating Systems are Malware - GNU Project - Free Software "
+"Foundation"
+msgstr "ä¸æ软件 - GNU å·¥ç¨ - èªç±è½¯ä»¶åºéä¼"
+
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid "<a href=\"/proprietary/malware-mobiles.html\">Mobiles</a>"
+msgid ""
+"<a href=\"/proprietary/proprietary.html\">Proprietary malware</a> → "
+"Apple"
+msgstr "<a href=\"/proprietary/malware-mobiles.html\">ææº</a>"
+
+#. type: Content of: <div><h2>
+msgid "Apple's Operating Systems Are Malware"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <div><div><h3>
+msgid "Types of Apple malware"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <div><div><ul><li>
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid "<a href=\"#latest\">Latest additions</a>"
+msgid "<a href=\"#back-doors\">Back doors</a>"
+msgstr "<a href=\"#latest\">ææ°æ·»å </a>"
+
+#. type: Content of: <div><div><ul><li>
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid "<a href=\"/proprietary/proprietary-censorship.html\">Censorship</a>"
+msgid "<a href=\"#censorship\">Censorship</a>"
+msgstr "<a href=\"/proprietary/proprietary-censorship.html\">审æ¥</a>"
+
+#. type: Content of: <div><div><ul><li>
+msgid "<a href=\"#drm\">DRM</a>"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <div><div><ul><li>
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "<a href=\"/proprietary/proprietary-incompatibility.html"
+#| "\">Incompatibility</a>"
+msgid "<a href=\"#incompatibility\">Incompatibility</a>"
+msgstr "<a href=\"/proprietary/proprietary-incompatibility.html\">ä¸å
¼å®¹</a>"
+
+#. type: Content of: <div><div><ul><li>
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid "<a href=\"/proprietary/proprietary-insecurity.html\">Insecurity</a>"
+msgid "<a href=\"#insecurity\">Insecurity</a>"
+msgstr "<a href=\"/proprietary/proprietary-insecurity.html\">ä¸å®å
¨</a>"
+
+#. type: Content of: <div><div><ul><li>
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "<a href=\"/proprietary/proprietary-interference.html\">Interference</a>"
+msgid "<a href=\"#interference\">Interference</a>"
+msgstr "<a href=\"/proprietary/proprietary-interference.html\">å¹²æ°</a>"
+
+#. type: Content of: <div><div><ul><li>
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid "<a href=\"#latest\">Latest additions</a>"
+msgid "<a href=\"#jails\">Jails</a>"
+msgstr "<a href=\"#latest\">ææ°æ·»å </a>"
+
+#. type: Content of: <div><div><ul><li>
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "<a href=\"/proprietary/proprietary-manipulation.html\">Manipulation</a>"
+msgid "<a href=\"#manipulation\">Manipulation</a>"
+msgstr "<a href=\"/proprietary/proprietary-manipulation.html\">æ纵</a>"
+
+#. type: Content of: <div><div><ul><li>
+msgid "<a href=\"#pressuring\">Pressuring</a>"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <div><div><ul><li>
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid "<a href=\"/proprietary/proprietary-sabotage.html\">Sabotage</a>"
+msgid "<a href=\"#sabotage\">Sabotage</a>"
+msgstr "<a href=\"/proprietary/proprietary-sabotage.html\">ç ´å</a>"
+
+#. type: Content of: <div><div><ul><li>
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "<a href=\"/proprietary/proprietary-surveillance.html\">Surveillance</a>"
+msgid "<a href=\"#surveillance\">Surveillance</a>"
+msgstr "<a href=\"/proprietary/proprietary-surveillance.html\">çè§</a>"
+
+#. type: Content of: <div><div><ul><li>
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid "<a href=\"#latest\">Latest additions</a>"
+msgid "<a href=\"#tyrants\">Tyrants</a>"
+msgstr "<a href=\"#latest\">ææ°æ·»å </a>"
+
+#. type: Content of: <div><ul><li><p>
+msgid ""
+"Apple appears to say that <a href=\"https://techcrunch.com/2019/07/10/apple-";
+"silent-update-zoom-app/\"> there is a back door in MacOS</a> for "
+"automatically updating some (all?) apps."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <div><ul><li><p>
+msgid ""
+"The specific change described in the article was not malicious—it "
+"protected users from surveillance by third parties—but that is a "
+"separate question."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <div><ul><li><p>
+msgid ""
+"The Dropbox app for Macintosh <a href=\"http://applehelpwriter.";
+"com/2016/07/28/revealing-dropboxs-dirty-little-security-hack/\"> takes "
+"control of user interface items after luring the user into entering an admin "
+"password</a>."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <div><ul><li><p>
+msgid ""
+"Mac OS X had an <a href=\"https://truesecdev.wordpress.com/2015/04/09/hidden-";
+"backdoor-api-to-root-privileges-in-apple-os-x/\"> intentional local back "
+"door for 4 years</a>, which could be exploited by attackers to gain root "
+"privileges."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <div><ul><li><p>
+msgid ""
+"The iPhone has a back door for <a href=\"http://www.npr.";
+"org/2010/11/22/131511381/wipeout-when-your-company-kills-your-iphone\"> "
+"remote wipe</a>. It's not always enabled, but users are led into enabling "
+"it without understanding."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <div><ul><li><p>
+msgid ""
+"The iPhone has a back door <a href=\"http://www.telegraph.co.uk/";
+"technology/3358134/Apples-Jobs-confirms-iPhone-kill-switch.html\"> that "
+"allows Apple to remotely delete apps</a> which Apple considers “"
+"inappropriate”. Jobs said it's OK for Apple to have this power "
+"because of course we can trust Apple."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <div><h3>
+msgid "Censorship"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
+msgid ""
+"Apple mainly uses iOS, which is a typical jail, to impose censorship through "
+"the Apple Store. Please refer to the <a href=\"#jails\">Apple Jails</a> "
+"section for more information."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "<em>Digital restrictions management, or “DRM”:</em> "
+#| "functionalities designed to restrict what users can do with the data in "
+#| "their computers."
+msgid ""
+"Digital restrictions management, or “DRM,” refers to "
+"functionalities designed to restrict what users can do with the data in "
+"their computers."
+msgstr ""
+"<em>æ°åéå¶ç®¡çï¼æ“DRM”ï¼</em> æ¨å¨éå¶ç¨æ·å¯¹è®¡ç®æºä¸æ°æ®"
+"è¿è¡å¤ççåè½ã"
+
+#. type: Content of: <div><ul><li><p>
+msgid ""
+"Apple is putting DRM on iPhone batteries, and the system proprietary "
+"software <a href=\"#M201908150\">turns off certain features when batteries "
+"are replaced other than by Apple.</a>"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <div><ul><li><p>
+msgid ""
+"DRM makes the iPhone 7 nearly <a href=\"#iphone7-sabotage\">unrepairable</a> "
+"by anyone else but Apple."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <div><ul><li><p>
+msgid ""
+"<a href=\"https://motherboard.vice.com/en_us/article/bmvxp4/switzerland-";
+"wants-a-single-universal-phone-charger-by-2017\"> Apple uses DRM software to "
+"prevent people from charging an iThing with a generic USB cable</a>."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <div><ul><li><p>
+msgid ""
+"<a href=\"https://www.eff.org/deeplinks/2008/11/apple-downgrades-macbook-";
+"video-drm\"> DRM (digital restrictions mechanisms) in MacOS</a>. This "
+"article focuses on the fact that a new model of Macbook introduced a "
+"requirement for monitors to have malicious hardware, but DRM software in "
+"MacOS is involved in activating the hardware. The software for accessing "
+"iTunes is also responsible."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <div><ul><li><p>
+msgid ""
+"<a href=\"http://arstechnica.com/apple/2007/08/aacs-tentacles/\";> DRM that "
+"caters to Bluray disks</a>. (The article focused on Windows and said that "
+"MacOS would do the same thing subsequently.)"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <div><ul><li><p>
+msgid ""
+"iTunes videos have DRM, which allows Apple to <a href=\"https://en.wikipedia.";
+"org/wiki/FairPlay\">dictate where its customers can watch the videos they "
+"purchased</a>."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <div><h3>
+msgid "Incompatibility"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
+msgid ""
+"In this section, we list characteristics of Apple programs that block or "
+"hinder users from switching to any alternative program—and, in "
+"particular, from switching to free software which can liberate the device "
+"the software runs on."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <div><ul><li><p>
+msgid ""
+"In MacOS and iOS, the procedure for <a href=\"https://support.apple.com/";
+"guide/photos/export-photos-videos-and-slideshows-pht6e157c5f/mac\"> "
+"converting images from the Photos format</a> to a free format is so tedious "
+"and time-consuming that users just give up if they have a lot of them."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <div><ul><li><p>
+msgid ""
+"Apple devices lock users in <a href=\"https://gizmodo.com/homepod-is-the-";
+"ultimate-apple-product-in-a-bad-way-1822883347\"> solely to Apple services</"
+"a> by being designed to be incompatible with all other options, ethical or "
+"unethical."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <div><ul><li><p>
+msgid ""
+"iWork (office software that runs on MacOS, iOS and iCloud) uses secret "
+"formats and <a href=\"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/IWork\";>provides no "
+"means of converting them to or from Open Document Formats</a>. iWork formats "
+"have changed several times since they were first introduced. This may have "
+"had the effect of thwarting <a href=\"https://github.com/obriensp/";
+"iWorkFileFormat\">reverse engineering efforts</a>, thus preventing free "
+"software from fully supporting them."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <div><ul><li><p>
+msgid ""
+"iWork formats are considered <a href=\"https://wiki.harvard.edu/confluence/";
+"download/attachments/204385883/Format%20profile%20-%20Apple%20iWork%20Pages"
+"%20v04.docx?version=1&modificationDate=1459873751000&api=v2\"> unfit "
+"for document preservation</a>."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <div><h3>
+msgid "Insecurity"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
+msgid ""
+"These bugs are/were not intentional, so unlike the rest of the file they do "
+"not count as malware. We mention them to refute the supposition that "
+"prestigious proprietary software doesn't have grave bugs."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <div><ul><li><p>
+msgid ""
+"A series of vulnerabilities <a href=\"https://www.forbes.com/sites/";
+"gordonkelly/2019/08/31/apple-iphone-ipad-security-ios-upgrade-iphone-xs-max-"
+"xr-update/\">found in iOS allowed attackers to gain access to sensitive "
+"information including private messages, passwords, photos and contacts "
+"stored on the user's iMonster</a>."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <div><ul><li><p>
+msgid ""
+"The deep insecurity of iMonsters is even more pertinent given that Apple's "
+"proprietary software makes users totally dependent on Apple for even a "
+"modicum of security. It also means that the devices do not even try to "
+"offer security against Apple itself."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <div><ul><li><p>
+msgid ""
+"A vulnerability in Apple's Image I/O API allowed an attacker to <a href="
+"\"https://www.theguardian.com/technology/2016/jul/22/stagefright-flaw-ios-";
+"iphone-imessage-apple\">execute malicious code from any application which "
+"uses this API to render a certain kind of image file</a>."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <div><ul><li><p>
+msgid ""
+"A bug in the iThings Messages app <a href=\"https://theintercept.";
+"com/2016/04/12/apple-bug-exposed-chat-history-with-a-single-click/\">allowed "
+"a malicious web site to extract all the user's messaging history</a>."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <div><ul><li><p>
+msgid ""
+"<a href=\"https://web.archive.org/web/20180816030205/http://www.spiegel.de/";
+"international/world/privacy-scandal-nsa-can-spy-on-smart-phone-data-a-920971."
+"html\"> The NSA can tap data in smart phones, including iPhones, Android, "
+"and BlackBerry</a>. While there is not much detail here, it seems that this "
+"does not operate via the universal back door that we know nearly all "
+"portable phones have. It may involve exploiting various bugs. There are <a "
+"href=\"http://www.osnews.com/story/27416/";
+"The_second_operating_system_hiding_in_every_mobile_phone\"> lots of bugs in "
+"the phones' radio software</a>."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <div><h3>
+msgid "Interference"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
+msgid ""
+"Various proprietary programs often mess up the user's system. They are like "
+"sabotage, but they are not grave enough to qualify for the word “"
+"sabotage”. Nonetheless, they are nasty and wrong. This section "
+"describes examples of Apple committing interference."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <div><ul><li><p>
+msgid ""
+"Apple is putting DRM on iPhone batteries, and the system proprietary "
+"software <a href=\"https://www.vice.com/en_us/article/59nz3k/apple-is-";
+"locking-batteries-to-specific-iphones-a-nightmare-for-diy-repair\">turns off "
+"certain features when batteries are replaced other than by Apple.</a>"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <div><h3>
+msgid "Jails"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "<em>Jail:</em> system that imposes censorship on application "
+#| "programs."
+msgid "Jails are systems that impose censorship on application programs."
+msgstr "<em>çç±ï¼</em> 对åºç¨ç¨åºè¿è¡å®¡æ¥çç³»ç»ã"
+
+#. type: Content of: <div><ul><li><p>
+msgid ""
+"Apple plans to require that <a href=\"https://www.macrumors.com/2019/04/08/";
+"mac-apps-notarization-macos-10-14-5/\"> all application software for MacOS "
+"be approved by Apple first</a>."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <div><ul><li><p>
+msgid ""
+"Offering a checking service as an option could be useful and would not be "
+"wrong. Requiring users to get Apple's approval is tyranny. Apple says the "
+"check will only look for malware (not counting the malware that is <a href="
+"\"/proprietary/malware-apple.html#TOC\">part of the operating system</a>), "
+"but Apple could change that policy step by step. Or perhaps Apple will "
+"define malware to include any app that China does not like."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <div><ul><li><p>
+msgid ""
+"For free software, this means users will need to get Apple's approval after "
+"compilation. This amounts to a system of surveilling the use of free "
+"programs."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <div><ul><li><p>
+msgid ""
+"<a href=\"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=IOS_jailbreaking&";
+"oldid=835861046\"> iOS, the operating system of the Apple iThings, is the "
+"prototype of a jail</a>. It was Apple that introduced the practice of "
+"designing general purpose computers with censorship of application programs."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <div><ul><li><p>
+msgid ""
+"Here is an article about the <a href=\"http://weblog.rogueamoeba.";
+"com/2008/03/07/code-signing-and-you/\"> code signing</a> that the iThings "
+"use to lock up the user."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <div><ul><li><p>
+msgid ""
+"Curiously, Apple is beginning to allow limited passage through the walls of "
+"the iThing jail: users can now install apps built from source code, provided "
+"the source code is written in Swift. Users cannot do this freely because "
+"they are required to identify themselves. <a href=\"https://developer.apple.";
+"com/xcode/\">Here are details</a>. While this is a crack in the prison "
+"walls, it is not big enough to mean that the iThings are no longer jails."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <div><h4>
+msgid "Examples of censorship by Apple jails"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <div><ul><li><p>
+msgid ""
+"Apple has <a href=\"https://www.theguardian.com/world/2019/oct/10/hong-kong-";
+"protests-apple-pulls-tracking-app-after-china-criticism\"> banned the app "
+"that Hong Kong protesters use to communicate</a>."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <div><ul><li><p>
+msgid ""
+"Obeying the “local laws” about what people can do with software "
+"is no excuse for censoring what software people can use."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <div><ul><li><p>
+msgid ""
+"Apple <a href=\"https://boingboing.net/2019/10/07/apple-ios-13-1-2-for-hong-";
+"kong.html\"> censors the Taiwan flag in iOS</a> on behalf of the Chinese "
+"government. When the region is set to Hong Kong, this flag is not visible in "
+"the emoji selection widget but is still accessible. When the region is set "
+"to mainland China, all attempts to display it will result in the “"
+"empty emoji” icon as if the flag never existed."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <div><ul><li><p>
+msgid ""
+"Thus, not only does Apple use the App Store as an instrument of censorship, "
+"it also uses the iThing operating system for that purpose."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <div><ul><li><p>
+msgid ""
+"Users caught in the jail of an iMonster are <a href=\"https://boingboing.";
+"net/2019/05/15/brittle-security.html\"> sitting ducks for other attackers</"
+"a>, and the app censorship prevents security companies from figuring out how "
+"those attacks work."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <div><ul><li><p>
+msgid ""
+"Apple's censorship of apps is fundamentally unjust, and would be inexcusable "
+"even if it didn't lead to security threats as well."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <div><ul><li><p>
+msgid ""
+"Apple is <a href=\"https://www.eff.org/deeplinks/2017/10/iranian-hardliners-";
+"want-isolated-internet\"> censoring apps for the US government too</a>. "
+"Specifically, it is deleting apps developed by Iranians."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <div><ul><li><p>
+msgid ""
+"The root of these wrongs is in Apple. If Apple had not designed the "
+"iMonsters to let Apple censor applications, Apple would not have had the "
+"power to stop users from installing whatever kind of apps."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <div><ul><li><p>
+msgid ""
+"Apple <a href=\"https://www.nytimes.com/2017/07/29/technology/china-apple-";
+"censorhip.html\"> deleted several VPNs from its app store for China</a>, "
+"thus using its own censorship power to strengthen that of the Chinese "
+"government."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <div><ul><li><p>
+msgid ""
+"Apple used its censorship system to enforce Russian surveillance <a href="
+"\"http://www.nytimes.com/2017/01/06/technology/linkedin-blocked-in-russia.";
+"html?partner=rss&emc=rss&_r=0\"> by blocking distribution of the "
+"LinkedIn app in Russia</a>."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <div><ul><li><p>
+msgid ""
+"This is ironic because LinkedIn is a surveillance system itself. While "
+"subjecting its users to its own surveillance, it tries to protect its users "
+"from Russian surveillance, and is therefore subject to Russian censorship."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <div><ul><li><p>
+msgid "However, the point here is the wrong of Apple's censorship of apps."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <div><ul><li><p>
+msgid ""
+"Apple used its censorship system to enforce China's censorship <a href="
+"\"https://www.theguardian.com/world/2017/jan/05/apple-removes-new-york-times-";
+"app-in-china\"> by blocking distribution of the New York Times app</a>."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <div><ul><li><p>
+msgid ""
+"Apple censors games, <a href=\"http://arstechnica.com/gaming/2016/05/apple-";
+"says-game-about-palestinian-child-isnt-a-game\"> banning some games from the "
+"cr…app store</a> because of which political points they suggest. Some "
+"political points are apparently considered acceptable."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <div><ul><li><p>
+msgid ""
+"Apple <a href=\"http://ifixit.org/blog/7401/ifixit-app-pulled/\";> banned a "
+"program from the App Store</a> because its developers committed the enormity "
+"of disassembling some iThings."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <div><ul><li><p>
+msgid ""
+"As of 2015, Apple <a href=\"http://www.theguardian.com/commentisfree/2015/";
+"sep/23/apple-anti-choice-tendencies-showing-in-app-store-reproductive-rights"
+"\"> systematically bans apps that endorse abortion rights or would help "
+"women find abortions</a>."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <div><ul><li><p>
+msgid ""
+"This particular political slant <a href=\"http://www.theguardian.com/";
+"technology/2011/dec/01/siri-abortion-apple-unintenional-omissions\"> affects "
+"other Apple services</a>."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <div><ul><li><p>
+msgid ""
+"Apple has banned iThing applications that show the confederate flag. <a "
+"href=\"http://www.huffingtonpost.com/2015/06/25/apple-confederate-";
+"flag_n_7663754.html\"> Not only those that use it as a symbol of racism</a>, "
+"but even strategic games that use it to represent confederate army units "
+"fighting in the Civil War."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <div><ul><li><p>
+msgid ""
+"This ludicrous rigidity illustrates the point that Apple should not be "
+"allowed to censor apps. Even if Apple carried out this act of censorship "
+"with some care, it would still be wrong. Whether racism is bad, whether "
+"educating people about drone attacks is bad, are not the real issue. Apple "
+"should not have the power to impose its views about either of these "
+"questions, or any other."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <div><ul><li><p>
+msgid ""
+"<a href=\"http://www.theguardian.com/technology/2014/dec/11/papers-please-";
+"game-ipad-nude-body-scans\"> More examples of Apple's arbitrary and "
+"inconsistent censorship</a>."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <div><ul><li><p>
+msgid ""
+"Apple used this censorship power in 2014 to <a href=\"http://boingboing.";
+"net/2014/02/07/apple-yanks-last-remaining-bit.html\"> ban all bitcoin apps</"
+"a> for the iThings for a time. It also <a href=\"http://www.gamespot.com/";
+"articles/apple-removes-game-about-growing-marijuana-from-app-"
+"store/1100-6419864/\"> banned a game about growing marijuana</a>, while "
+"permitting games about other crimes such as killing people. Perhaps Apple "
+"considers killing more acceptable than marijuana."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <div><ul><li><p>
+msgid ""
+"Apple rejected an app that displayed the locations of US drone "
+"assassinations, giving various excuses. Each time the developers fixed one "
+"“problem”, Apple complained about another. After the fifth "
+"rejection, Apple <a href=\"http://mashable.com/2014/02/07/apple-app-tracks-";
+"drone-strikes/\"> admitted it was censoring the app based on the subject "
+"matter</a>."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <div><h3>
+msgid "Manipulation"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <div><ul><li><p>
+msgid ""
+"“Dark patterns” are <a href=\"http://www.theverge.";
+"com/2013/8/29/4640308/dark-patterns-inside-the-interfaces-designed-to-trick-"
+"you\">user interfaces designed to mislead users, or make option settings "
+"hard to find</a>."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <div><ul><li><p>
+msgid ""
+"This allows a company such as Apple to say, “We allow users to turn "
+"this off” while ensuring that few will understand how to actually turn "
+"it off."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <div><h3>
+msgid "Pressuring"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
+msgid ""
+"Proprietary companies can take advantage of their customers by imposing "
+"arbitrary limits to their use of the software. This section reports "
+"examples of hard sell and other unjust commercial tactics by Apple."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <div><ul><li><p>
+msgid ""
+"Apple Siri <a href=\"http://www.theguardian.com/technology/2015/oct/27/apple-";
+"music-subscribers-siri-questions\">refuses to give you information</a> about "
+"music charts if you're not an Apple Music subscriber."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <div><h3>
+msgid "Sabotage"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
+msgid ""
+"These are situations in which Apple employs its power over users to directly "
+"intervene in ways that harm them or block their work."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <div><ul><li><p>
+msgid ""
+"When Apple suspects a user of fraud, it judges the case secretly and "
+"presents the verdict as a fait accompli. The punishment to a user found "
+"guilty <a href=\"https://qz.com/1683460/what-happens-to-your-itunes-account-";
+"when-apple-says-youve-committed-fraud/\">is being cut off for life, which "
+"more-or-less cripples the user's Apple devices forever</a>. There is no "
+"appeal."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <div><ul><li><p>
+msgid ""
+"Apple and Samsung deliberately <a href=\"https://www.theguardian.com/";
+"technology/2018/oct/24/apple-samsung-fined-for-slowing-down-phones\">degrade "
+"the performance of older phones to force users to buy their newer phones</a>."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <div><ul><li><p>
+msgid ""
+"Apple has <a href=\"https://www.theverge.com/2018/5/31/17412396/telegram-";
+"apple-app-store-app-updates-russia\">blocked Telegram from upgrading its app "
+"for a month</a>."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <div><ul><li><p>
+msgid ""
+"This evidently has to do with Russia's command to Apple to block Telegram in "
+"Russia."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <div><ul><li><p>
+msgid ""
+"The Telegram client is free software on other platforms, but not on iThings. "
+"Since <a href=\"/proprietary/proprietary-jails.html#apple\">they are jails</"
+"a>, they don't permit any app to be free software."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <div><ul><li><p>
+msgid ""
+"MacOS High Sierra forcibly reformats SSD boot drives, and <a href=\"https://";
+"www.macworld.com/article/3230498/apple-file-system-apfs-faq.html\"> changes "
+"the file system from HFS+ to APFS</a>, which cannot be accessed from GNU/"
+"Linux, Windows or even older versions of MacOS."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <div><ul><li><p>
+msgid ""
+"Apple will stop <a href=\"https://www.theguardian.com/technology/2017/jun/06/";
+"iphone-ipad-apps-games-apple-5-5c-obsolete\">fixing bugs for older model "
+"iThings</a>."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <div><ul><li><p>
+msgid ""
+"Meanwhile, Apple stops people from fixing problems themselves; that's the "
+"nature of proprietary software."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <div><ul><li><p>
+msgid ""
+"The iPhone 7 contains DRM specifically designed to <a href=\"https://";
+"motherboard.vice.com/en_us/article/kbjm8e/iphone-7-home-button-unreplaceable-"
+"repair-software-lock\"> brick it if an “unauthorized” repair "
+"shop fixes it</a>. “Unauthorized” essentially means anyone "
+"besides Apple."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <div><ul><li><p>
+msgid ""
+"<small>(The article uses the term “lock” to describe the DRM, "
+"but we prefer to use the term <a href=\"/philosophy/words-to-avoid."
+"html#DigitalLocks\"> digital handcuffs</a>.)</small>"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <div><ul><li><p>
+msgid ""
+"Apple <a href=\"https://www.theregister.co.uk/2016/04/14/";
+"uninstall_quicktime_for_windows/\"> stops users from fixing the security "
+"bugs in Quicktime for Windows</a>, while refusing to fix them itself."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <div><ul><li><p>
+msgid ""
+"The Apple Music client program <a href=\"https://web.archive.org/";
+"web/20170520213355/https://blog.vellumatlanta.com/2016/05/04/apple-stole-my-";
+"music-no-seriously/\">scans the user's file system for music files, copies "
+"them to an Apple server, and deletes them</a>."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <div><ul><li><p>
+msgid ""
+"iOS version 9 for iThings <a href=\"https://www.theguardian.com/money/2016/";
+"feb/05/error-53-apple-iphone-software-update-handset-worthless-third-party-"
+"repair\">sabotages them irreparably if they were repaired by someone other "
+"than Apple</a>. Apple eventually backed off from this policy under criticism "
+"from the users. However, it has not acknowledged that this was wrong."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <div><ul><li><p>
+msgid ""
+"Apple forced millions of iThings to <a href=\"https://discussions.apple.com/";
+"thread/7256669?tstart=0\">download a system upgrade without asking the "
+"users</a>. Apple did not forcibly install the upgrade but the downloading "
+"alone caused lots of trouble."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <div><ul><li><p>
+msgid ""
+"Apple <a href=\"http://www.theguardian.com/technology/2014/dec/04/apple-";
+"deleted-music-ipods-rivals-steve-jobs\"> deleted from iPods the music that "
+"users had got from internet music stores that competed with iTunes</a>."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <div><ul><li><p>
+msgid ""
+"<a href=\"https://www.computerworld.com/article/2541250/update--apple-plays-";
+"hardball--upgrade--bricks--unlocked-iphones.html\"> An Apple firmware “"
+"upgrade” bricked iPhones that had been unlocked</a>. The “"
+"upgrade” also deactivated applications not approved by <a href=\"/"
+"proprietary/proprietary-jails.html\">Apple censorship</a>. All this was "
+"apparently intentional."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <div><ul><li><p>
+msgid ""
+"Safari occasionally <a href=\"https://blog.cryptographyengineering.";
+"com/2019/10/13/dear-apple-safe-browsing-might-not-be-that-safe/\"> sends "
+"browsing data from Apple devices in China to the Tencent Safe Browsing "
+"service</a>, to check URLs that possibly correspond to “"
+"fraudulent” websites. Since Tencent collaborates with the Chinese "
+"government, its Safe Browsing black list most certainly contains the "
+"websites of political opponents. By linking the requests originating from "
+"single IP addresses, the government can identify dissenters in China and "
+"Hong Kong, thus endangering their lives."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <div><ul><li><p>
+msgid ""
+"The Chinese Communist Party's “Study the Great Nation” app "
+"requires users to grant it <a href=\"https://www.ndtv.com/world-news/chinese-";
+"app-allows-officials-access-to-100-million-users-phone-report-2115962\"> "
+"access to the phone's microphone, photos, text messages, contacts, and "
+"internet history</a>, and the Android version was found to contain a back-"
+"door allowing developers to run any code they wish in the users' phone, as "
+"“superusers.” Downloading and using this app is mandatory at "
+"some workplaces."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <div><ul><li><p>
+msgid ""
+"Note: The <a href=\"http://web-old.archive.org/web/20191015005153/https://";
+"www.washingtonpost.com/world/asia_pacific/chinese-app-on-xis-ideology-allows-"
+"data-access-to-100-million-users-phones-report-says/2019/10/11/2d53bbae-"
+"eb4d-11e9-bafb-da248f8d5734_story.html\"> Washington Post version of the "
+"article</a> (partly obfuscated, but readable after copy-pasting in a text "
+"editor) includes a clarification saying that the tests were only performed "
+"on the Android version of the app, and that, according to Apple, “this "
+"kind of ‘superuser’ surveillance could not be conducted on "
+"Apple's operating system.”"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <div><ul><li><p>
+msgid ""
+"In spite of Apple's supposed commitment to privacy, iPhone apps contain "
+"trackers that are busy at night <a href=\"https://www.oregonlive.com/";
+"opinion/2019/05/its-3-am-do-you-know-who-your-iphone-is-talking-to.html\"> "
+"sending users' personal information to third parties</a>."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <div><ul><li><p>
+msgid ""
+"The article mentions specific examples: Microsoft OneDrive, Intuitâs Mint, "
+"Nike, Spotify, The Washington Post, The Weather Channel (owned by IBM), the "
+"crime-alert service Citizen, Yelp and DoorDash. But it is likely that most "
+"nonfree apps contain trackers. Some of these send personally identifying "
+"data such as phone fingerprint, exact location, email address, phone number "
+"or even delivery address (in the case of DoorDash). Once this information is "
+"collected by the company, there is no telling what it will be used for."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <div><ul><li><p>
+msgid ""
+"Adware Doctor, an ad blocker for MacOS, <a href=\"https://motherboard.vice.";
+"com/en_us/article/wjye8x/mac-anti-adware-doctor-app-steals-browsing-history"
+"\">reports the user's browsing history</a>."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <div><ul><li><p>
+msgid ""
+"The DMCA and the EU Copyright Directive make it <a href=\"https://boingboing.";
+"net/2017/11/25/la-la-la-cant-hear-you.html\"> illegal to study how iOS "
+"cr…apps spy on users</a>, because this would require circumventing "
+"the iOS DRM."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <div><ul><li><p>
+msgid ""
+"In the latest iThings system, “turning off” WiFi and Bluetooth "
+"the obvious way <a href=\"https://www.theguardian.com/technology/2017/sep/21/";
+"ios-11-apple-toggling-wifi-bluetooth-control-centre-doesnt-turn-them-off\"> "
+"doesn't really turn them off</a>. A more advanced way really does turn them "
+"off—only until 5am. That's Apple for you—“We know you "
+"want to be spied on”."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <div><ul><li><p>
+msgid ""
+"Apple proposes <a href=\"https://www.theguardian.com/technology/2017/feb/15/";
+"apple-removing-iphone-home-button-fingerprint-scanning-screen\">a "
+"fingerprint-scanning touch screen</a>—which would mean no way to use "
+"it without having your fingerprints taken. Users would have no way to tell "
+"whether the phone is snooping on them."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <div><ul><li><p>
+msgid ""
+"iPhones <a href=\"https://theintercept.com/2016/11/17/iphones-secretly-send-";
+"call-history-to-apple-security-firm-says/\">send lots of personal data to "
+"Apple's servers</a>. Big Brother can get them from there."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <div><ul><li><p>
+msgid ""
+"The iMessage app on iThings <a href=\"https://theintercept.com/2016/09/28/";
+"apple-logs-your-imessage-contacts-and-may-share-them-with-police/\">tells a "
+"server every phone number that the user types into it</a>; the server "
+"records these numbers for at least 30 days."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <div><ul><li><p>
+msgid ""
+"iThings automatically upload to Apple's servers all the photos and videos "
+"they make."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <div><ul><li><blockquote><p>
+msgid ""
+"iCloud Photo Library stores every photo and video you take, and keeps them "
+"up to date on all your devices. Any edits you make are automatically updated "
+"everywhere. […]"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <div><ul><li><p>
+msgid ""
+"(From <a href=\"https://www.apple.com/icloud/photos/\";>Apple's iCloud "
+"information</a> as accessed on 24 Sep 2015.) The iCloud feature is <a href="
+"\"https://support.apple.com/en-us/HT202033\";>activated by the startup of "
+"iOS</a>. The term “cloud” means “please don't ask where."
+"”"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <div><ul><li><p>
+msgid ""
+"There is a way to <a href=\"https://support.apple.com/en-us/HT201104\";> "
+"deactivate iCloud</a>, but it's active by default so it still counts as a "
+"surveillance functionality."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <div><ul><li><p>
+msgid ""
+"Unknown people apparently took advantage of this to <a href=\"https://www.";
+"theguardian.com/technology/2014/sep/01/naked-celebrity-hack-icloud-backup-"
+"jennifer-lawrence\">get nude photos of many celebrities</a>. They needed to "
+"break Apple's security to get at them, but NSA can access any of them "
+"through <a href=\"/philosophy/surveillance-vs-democracy.html#digitalcash"
+"\">PRISM</a>."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <div><ul><li><p>
+msgid ""
+"Apple has made various <a href=\"http://www.theguardian.com/technology/2014/";
+"nov/04/apple-data-privacy-icloud\"> MacOS programs send files to Apple "
+"servers without asking permission</a>. This exposes the files to Big "
+"Brother and perhaps to other snoops."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <div><ul><li><p>
+msgid ""
+"It also demonstrates how you can't trust proprietary software, because even "
+"if today's version doesn't have a malicious functionality, tomorrow's "
+"version might add it. The developer won't remove the malfeature unless many "
+"users push back hard, and the users can't remove it themselves."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <div><ul><li><p>
+msgid ""
+"MacOS automatically <a href=\"https://web.archive.org/web/20170831144456/";
+"https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/the-switch/wp/2014/10/30/how-one-mans-";
+"private-files-ended-up-on-apples-icloud-without-his-consent/\"> sends to "
+"Apple servers unsaved documents being edited</a>. The things you have not "
+"decided to save are <a href=\"https://www.schneier.com/blog/archives/2014/10/";
+"apple_copies_yo.html?utm_source=twitterfeed&utm_medium=twitter/\"> even "
+"more sensitive</a> than the things you have stored in files."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <div><ul><li><p>
+msgid ""
+"Apple admits the <a href=\"http://www.intego.com/mac-security-blog/spotlight-";
+"suggestions-in-os-x-yosemite-and-ios-are-you-staying-private/\"> spying in a "
+"search facility</a>, but there's a lot <a href=\"https://github.com/fix-";
+"macosx/yosemite-phone-home\"> more snooping that Apple has not talked about</"
+"a>."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <div><ul><li><p>
+msgid ""
+"Various operations in <a href=\"http://lifehacker.com/safari-and-spotlight-";
+"can-send-data-to-apple-heres-how-1648453540\"> the latest MacOS send reports "
+"to Apple</a> servers."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <div><ul><li><p>
+msgid ""
+"Apple can, and regularly does, <a href=\"http://arstechnica.com/";
+"apple/2014/05/new-guidelines-outline-what-iphone-data-apple-can-give-to-"
+"police/\"> remotely extract some data from iPhones for the state</a>."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <div><ul><li><p>
+msgid ""
+"This may have improved with <a href=\"https://www.denverpost.com/2014/09/17/";
+"apple-will-no-longer-unlock-most-iphones-ipads-for-police/\"> iOS 8 security "
+"improvements</a>; but <a href=\"https://firstlook.org/";
+"theintercept/2014/09/22/apple-data/\"> not as much as Apple claims</a>."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <div><ul><li><p>
+msgid ""
+"<a href=\"http://www.theguardian.com/technology/2014/jul/23/iphone-backdoors-";
+"surveillance-forensic-services\"> Several “features” of iOS seem "
+"to exist for no possible purpose other than surveillance</a>. Here is the "
+"<a href=\"http://www.zdziarski.com/blog/wp-content/uploads/2014/07/";
+"iOS_Backdoors_Attack_Points_Surveillance_Mechanisms_Moved.pdf\"> Technical "
+"presentation</a>."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <div><ul><li><p>
+msgid ""
+"<a href=\"http://finance.yahoo.com/blogs/the-exchange/privacy-advocates-";
+"worry-over-new-apple-iphone-tracking-feature-161836223.html\"> Spotlight "
+"search</a> sends users' search terms to Apple."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <div><ul><li><p>
+msgid ""
+"The <a class=\"not-a-duplicate\" href=\"http://finance.yahoo.com/blogs/the-";
+"exchange/privacy-advocates-worry-over-new-apple-iphone-tracking-"
+"feature-161836223.html\"> iBeacon</a> lets stores determine exactly where "
+"the iThing is, and get other info too."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <div><ul><li><p>
+msgid ""
+"<a href=\"http://www.zerohedge.com/news/2013-12-30/how-nsa-hacks-your-iphone-";
+"presenting-dropout-jeep\"> Either Apple helps the NSA snoop on all the data "
+"in an iThing, or it is totally incompetent</a>."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <div><ul><li><p>
+msgid ""
+"The iThing also <a href=\"https://www.theregister.co.uk/2013/08/08/";
+"ios7_tracking_now_its_a_favourite_feature/\"> tells Apple its geolocation</"
+"a> by default, though that can be turned off."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <div><ul><li><p>
+msgid ""
+"There is also a feature for web sites to track users, which is <a href="
+"\"http://nakedsecurity.sophos.com/2012/10/17/how-to-disable-apple-ios-user-";
+"tracking-ios-6/\"> enabled by default</a>. (That article talks about iOS 6, "
+"but it is still true in iOS 7.)"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <div><ul><li><p>
+msgid ""
+"Users cannot make an Apple ID (<a href=\"https://apple.stackexchange.com/";
+"questions/49951/how-can-i-download-free-apps-without-registering-an-apple-id"
+"\">necessary to install even gratis apps</a>) without giving a valid email "
+"address and receiving the verification code Apple sends to it."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <div><h3>
+msgid "Tyrants"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "<em>Tyrant:</em> system that rejects any operating system not "
+#| "“authorized” by the manufacturer."
+msgid ""
+"Tyrants are systems that reject any operating system not “"
+"authorized” by the manufacturer."
+msgstr ""
+"<em>ç¬è£ï¼</em> æç»å®è£
ä»»ä½æªç»å¶é
å“ææ”çæä½ç³»ç»çç³»"
+"ç»ã"
+
+#. type: Content of: <div><ul><li><p>
+msgid ""
+"Apple arbitrarily <a href=\"http://9to5mac.com/2014/12/01/ios-8-1-signing-";
+"window-closed/\">blocks users from installing old versions of iOS</a>."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <div><ul><li><p>
+msgid ""
+"The Apple iThings are tyrant devices. There is a port of Android to the "
+"iThings, but installing it requires <a href=\"https://web.archive.org/";
+"web/20150721065208/http://www.idroidproject.org/wiki/Status\";> finding a bug "
+"or “exploit”</a> to make it possible to install a different "
+"system."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "Copyright © 2013, 2014, 2015, 2016, 2017, 2018, 2019, 2020 Free "
+#| "Software Foundation, Inc."
+msgid ""
+"Copyright © 2015, 2016, 2017, 2018, 2019 Free Software Foundation, Inc."
+msgstr ""
+"Copyright © 2013, 2014, 2015, 2016, 2017, 2018, 2019, 2020 Free "
+"Software Foundation, Inc."
+
+#. type: Content of: <title>
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid "Proprietary Software - GNU Project - Free Software Foundation"
+msgid "Malware in Appliances - GNU Project - Free Software Foundation"
+msgstr "ä¸æ软件 - GNU å·¥ç¨ - èªç±è½¯ä»¶åºéä¼"
+
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "<a href=\"/proprietary/proprietary-surveillance.html\">Surveillance</a>"
+msgid ""
+"<a href=\"/proprietary/proprietary.html\">Proprietary malware</a> → "
+"Appliances"
+msgstr "<a href=\"/proprietary/proprietary-surveillance.html\">çè§</a>"
+
+#. type: Content of: <div><h2>
+msgid "Malware in Appliances"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <div><ul><li><p>
+msgid ""
+"Internet-tethered Amazon Ring had a security vulnerability that enabled "
+"attackers to <a href=\"https://www.commondreams.org/newswire/2019/11/07/";
+"amazons-ring-doorbells-leaks-customers-wi-fi-username-and-password\"> access "
+"the user's wifi password</a>, and snoop on the household through connected "
+"surveillance devices."
+msgstr ""
+"ç½ç»ç»å®ç Amazon Ring å
·æä¸ä¸ªå®å
¨æ¼æ´ï¼æ»å»è
å¯ä»¥å©ç¨è¯¥æ¼æ´ <a href="
+"\"https://www.commondreams.org/newswire/2019/11/07/amazons-ring-doorbells-";
+"leaks-customers-wi-fi-username-and-password\">访é®ç¨æ·ç wifi å¯ç
</a>ï¼å¹¶é"
+"è¿è¿æ¥ççè§è®¾å¤çå¬å®¶åºã"
+
+#. type: Content of: <div><ul><li><p>
+msgid ""
+"Knowledge of the wifi password would not be sufficient to carry out any "
+"significant surveillance if the devices implemented proper security, "
+"including encryption. But many devices with proprietary software lack this. "
+"Of course, they are also used by their manufacturers for snooping."
+msgstr ""
+"å¦æ设å¤å®æ½äºéå½çå®å
¨æªæ½ï¼å
æ¬å å¯ï¼ï¼åç¥é wifi
å¯ç ä¹æ æ³è¿è¡ä»»ä½éè¦"
+"ççè§ãä½æ¯è®¸å¤å¸¦æä¸æ软件ç设å¤ç¼ºå°è¿æ
·çæªæ½ãå½ç¶ï¼è®¾å¤å¶é åä¹å¨å©ç¨è¿"
+"äºæ¼æ´çª¥æ¢ã"
+
+#. type: Content of: <div><ul><li><p>
+msgid ""
+"The Jibo robot toys were tethered to the manufacturer's server, and <a href="
+"\"https://www.apnews.com/99c9ec8ebad242ca88178e22c7642648\";> the company "
+"made them all cease to work</a> by shutting down that server."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <div><ul><li><p>
+msgid ""
+"The shutdown might ironically be good for their users, since the product was "
+"designed to manipulate people by presenting a phony semblance of emotions, "
+"and was most certainly spying on them."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <div><ul><li><p>
+msgid ""
+"The Medtronics Conexus Telemetry Protocol has <a href=\"http://www.";
+"startribune.com/750-000-medtronic-defibrillators-vulnerable-to-"
+"hacking/507470932/\"> two vulnerabilities that affect several models of "
+"implantable defibrillators</a> and the devices they connect to."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <div><ul><li><p>
+msgid ""
+"This protocol has been around since 2006, and similar vulnerabilities were "
+"discovered in an earlier Medtronics communication protocol in 2008. "
+"Apparently, nothing was done by the company to correct them. This means you "
+"can't rely on proprietary software developers to fix bugs in their products."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <div><ul><li><p>
+msgid ""
+"The HP <a href=\"https://boingboing.net/2019/02/08/inkjet-dystopias.html\";> "
+"“ink subscription” cartridges have DRM that constantly "
+"communicates with HP servers</a> to make sure the user is still paying for "
+"the subscription, and hasn't printed more pages than were paid for."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <div><ul><li><p>
+msgid ""
+"Even though the ink subscription program may be cheaper in some specific "
+"cases, it spies on users, and involves totally unacceptable restrictions in "
+"the use of ink cartridges that would otherwise be in working order."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <div><ul><li><p>
+msgid ""
+"Vizio TVs <a href=\"https://www.theverge.com/2019/1/7/18172397/airplay-2-";
+"homekit-vizio-tv-bill-baxter-interview-vergecast-ces-2019\"> collect “"
+"whatever the TV sees,”</a> in the own words of the company's CTO, and "
+"this data is sold to third parties. This is in return for “better "
+"service” (meaning more intrusive ads?) and slightly lower retail "
+"prices."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <div><ul><li><p>
+msgid ""
+"What is supposed to make this spying acceptable, according to him, is that "
+"it is opt-in in newer models. But since the Vizio software is nonfree, we "
+"don't know what is actually happening behind the scenes, and there is no "
+"guarantee that all future updates will leave the settings unchanged."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <div><ul><li><p>
+msgid ""
+"If you already own a Vizio smart TV (or any smart TV, for that matter), the "
+"easiest way to make sure it isn't spying on you is to disconnect it from the "
+"Internet, and use a terrestrial antenna instead. Unfortunately, this is not "
+"always possible. Another option, if you are technically oriented, is to get "
+"your own router (which can be an old computer running completely free "
+"software), and set up a firewall to block connections to Vizio's servers. "
+"Or, as a last resort, you can replace your TV with another model."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <div><ul><li><p>
+msgid ""
+"Nearly all “home security cameras” <a href=\"https://www.";
+"consumerreports.org/privacy/d-link-camera-poses-data-security-risk--consumer-"
+"reports-finds/\"> give the manufacturer an unencrypted copy of everything "
+"they see</a>. “Home insecurity camera” would be a better name!"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <div><ul><li><p>
+msgid ""
+"When Consumer Reports tested them, it suggested that these manufacturers "
+"promise not to look at what's in the videos. That's not security for your "
+"home. Security means making sure they don't get to see through your camera."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <div><ul><li><p>
+msgid ""
+"Printer manufacturers are very innovative—at blocking the use of "
+"independent replacement ink cartridges. Their “security "
+"upgrades” occasionally impose new forms of cartridge DRM. <a href="
+"\"https://motherboard.vice.com/en_us/article/pa98ab/printer-makers-are-";
+"crippling-cheap-ink-cartridges-via-bogus-security-updates\"> HP and Epson "
+"have done this</a>."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <div><ul><li><p>
+msgid ""
+"Honeywell's “smart” thermostats communicate only through the "
+"company's server. They have all the nasty characteristics of such devices: "
+"<a href=\"https://www.businessinsider.com/honeywell-iot-thermostats-server-";
+"outage-2018-9\"> surveillance, and danger of sabotage</a> (of a specific "
+"user, or of all users at once), as well as the risk of an outage (which is "
+"what just happened)."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <div><ul><li><p>
+msgid ""
+"In addition, setting the desired temperature requires running nonfree "
+"software. With an old-fashioned thermostat, you can do it using controls "
+"right on the thermostat."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <div><ul><li><p>
+msgid ""
+"Researchers have discovered how to <a href=\"http://news.rub.de/english/";
+"press-releases/2018-09-24-it-security-secret-messages-alexa-and-co\"> hide "
+"voice commands in other audio</a>, so that people cannot hear them, but "
+"Alexa and Siri can."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <div><ul><li><p>
+msgid ""
+"The Jawbone fitness tracker was tethered to a proprietary phone app. In "
+"2017, the company shut down and made the app stop working. <a href=\"https://";
+"www.theguardian.com/technology/2018/jul/05/defunct-jawbone-fitness-trackers-"
+"kept-selling-after-app-closure-says-which\">All the existing trackers "
+"stopped working forever</a>."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <div><ul><li><p>
+msgid ""
+"The article focuses on a further nasty fillip, that sales of the broken "
+"devices continued. But we think that is a secondary issue; it made the nasty "
+"consequences extend to some additional people. The fundamental wrong was to "
+"design the devices to depend on something else that didn't respect users' "
+"freedom."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <div><ul><li><p>
+msgid ""
+"A medical insurance company <a href=\"https://wolfstreet.com/2018/04/14/our-";
+"dental-insurance-sent-us-free-internet-connected-toothbrushes-and-this-is-"
+"what-happened-next\"> offers a gratis electronic toothbrush that snoops on "
+"its user by sending usage data back over the Internet</a>."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <div><ul><li><p>
+msgid ""
+"Some “Smart” TVs automatically <a href=\"https://web.archive.org/";
+"web/20180405014828/https:/twitter.com/buro9/status/980349887006076928\"> "
+"load downgrades that install a surveillance app</a>."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <div><ul><li><p>
+msgid ""
+"We link to the article for the facts it presents. It is too bad that the "
+"article finishes by advocating the moral weakness of surrendering to "
+"Netflix. The Netflix app <a href=\"/proprietary/malware-google.html#netflix-"
+"app-geolocation-drm\">is malware too</a>."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <div><ul><li><p>
+msgid ""
+"One of the dangers of the “internet of stings” is that, if you "
+"lose your internet service, you also <a href=\"https://torrentfreak.com/";
+"piracy-notices-can-mess-with-your-thermostat-isp-warns-171224/\"> lose "
+"control of your house and appliances</a>."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <div><ul><li><p>
+msgid ""
+"For your safety, don't use any appliance with a connection to the real "
+"internet."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <div><ul><li><p>
+msgid ""
+"A remote-control sex toy was found to make <a href=\"https://www.theverge.";
+"com/2017/11/10/16634442/lovense-sex-toy-spy-survei\">audio recordings of the "
+"conversation between two users</a>."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <div><ul><li><p>
+msgid ""
+"Logitech will sabotage all Harmony Link household control devices by <a href="
+"\"https://arstechnica.com/gadgets/2017/11/logitech-to-shut-down-service-and-";
+"support-for-harmony-link-devices-in-2018/\"> turning off the server through "
+"which the products' supposed owners communicate with them</a>."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <div><ul><li><p>
+msgid ""
+"The owners suspect this is to pressure them to buy a newer model. If they "
+"are wise, they will learn, rather, to distrust any product that requires "
+"users to talk with them through some specialized service."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <div><ul><li><p>
+msgid ""
+"Every “home security” camera, if its manufacturer can "
+"communicate with it, is a surveillance device. <a href=\"https://www.";
+"theverge.com/circuitbreaker/2017/10/4/16426394/canary-smart-home-camera-free-"
+"service-update-change\"> Canary camera is an example</a>."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <div><ul><li><p>
+msgid ""
+"The article describes wrongdoing by the manufacturer, based on the fact that "
+"the device is tethered to a server."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <div><ul><li><p>
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid "<a href=\"/proprietary/proprietary-coverups.html\">Coverups</a>"
+msgid ""
+"<a href=\"/proprietary/proprietary-tethers.html\">More about proprietary "
+"tethering</a>."
+msgstr "<a href=\"/proprietary/proprietary-coverups.html\">æ©ç</a>"
+
+#. type: Content of: <div><ul><li><p>
+msgid ""
+"But it also demonstrates that the device gives the company surveillance "
+"capability."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <div><ul><li><p>
+msgid ""
+"A “smart” intravenous pump designed for hospitals is connected "
+"to the internet. Naturally <a href=\"https://www.techdirt.com/";
+"articles/20170920/09450338247/smart-hospital-iv-pump-vulnerable-to-remote-"
+"hack-attack.shtml\"> its security has been cracked</a>."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <div><ul><li><p>
+msgid ""
+"<small>(Note that this article misuses the term <a href=\"/philosophy/words-"
+"to-avoid.html#Hacker\">“hackers”</a> referring to crackers.)</"
+"small>"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <div><ul><li><p>
+msgid ""
+"The bad security in many Internet of Stings devices allows <a href=\"https://";
+"www.techdirt.com/articles/20170828/08152938092/iot-devices-provide-comcast-"
+"wonderful-new-opportunity-to-spy-you.shtml\">ISPs to snoop on the people "
+"that use them</a>."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <div><ul><li><p>
+msgid "Don't be a sucker—reject all the stings."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <div><ul><li><p>
+msgid ""
+"<small>(It is unfortunate that the article uses the term <a href=\"/"
+"philosophy/words-to-avoid.html#Monetize\">“monetize”</a>.)</"
+"small>"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <div><ul><li><p>
+msgid ""
+"Sonos <a href=\"http://www.zdnet.com/article/sonos-accept-new-privacy-policy-";
+"speakers-cease-to-function/\"> told all its customers, “Agree” "
+"to snooping or the product will stop working</a>. <a href=\"https://www.";
+"consumerreports.org/consumerist/sonos-holds-software-updates-hostage-if-you-"
+"dont-sign-new-privacy-agreement/\"> Another article</a> says they won't "
+"forcibly change the software, but people won't be able to get any upgrades "
+"and eventually it will stop working."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <div><ul><li><p>
+msgid ""
+"While you're using a DJI drone to snoop on other people, DJI is in many "
+"cases <a href=\"https://www.theverge.com/2017/8/4/16095244/us-army-stop-";
+"using-dji-drones-cybersecurity\">snooping on you</a>."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <div><ul><li><p>
+msgid ""
+"Many models of Internet-connected cameras are tremendously insecure. They "
+"have login accounts with hard-coded passwords, which can't be changed, and "
+"<a href=\"https://arstechnica.com/security/2017/06/internet-cameras-expose-";
+"private-video-feeds-and-remote-controls/\">there is no way to delete these "
+"accounts either</a>."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <div><ul><li><p>
+msgid ""
+"The proprietary code that runs pacemakers, insulin pumps, and other medical "
+"devices is <a href=\"http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/technology-40042584\";> full "
+"of gross security faults</a>."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <div><ul><li><p>
+msgid ""
+"Bird and rabbit pets were implemented for Second Life by a company that "
+"tethered their food to a server. <a href=\"https://www.rockpapershotgun.";
+"com/2017/05/19/second-life-ozimals-pet-rabbits-dying\"> It shut down the "
+"server and the pets more or less died</a>."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <div><ul><li><p>
+msgid ""
+"Users are suing Bose for <a href=\"https://web.archive.org/";
+"web/20170423010030/https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/the-switch/";
+"wp/2017/04/19/bose-headphones-have-been-spying-on-their-customers-lawsuit-"
+"claims/\"> distributing a spyware app for its headphones</a>. Specifically, "
+"the app would record the names of the audio files users listen to along with "
+"the headphone's unique serial number."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <div><ul><li><p>
+msgid ""
+"The suit accuses that this was done without the users' consent. If the fine "
+"print of the app said that users gave consent for this, would that make it "
+"acceptable? No way! It should be flat out <a href=\"/philosophy/surveillance-"
+"vs-democracy.html\"> illegal to design the app to snoop at all</a>."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <div><ul><li><p>
+msgid ""
+"Anova sabotaged users' cooking devices with a downgrade that tethered them "
+"to a remote server. <a href=\"https://web.archive.org/web/20170415145520/";
+"https://consumerist.com/2017/04/12/anova-ticks-off-customers-by-requiring-";
+"mandatory-accounts-to-cook-food/\">Unless users create an account on Anova's "
+"servers, their cookers won't function</a>."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <div><ul><li><p>
+msgid ""
+"When Miele's Internet of Stings hospital disinfectant dishwasher is <a href="
+"\"https://motherboard.vice.com/en_us/article/pg9qkv/a-hackable-dishwasher-is-";
+"connecting-hospitals-to-the-internet-of-shit\"> connected to the Internet, "
+"its security is crap</a>."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <div><ul><li><p>
+msgid ""
+"For example, a cracker can gain access to the dishwasher's filesystem, "
+"infect it with malware, and force the dishwasher to launch attacks on other "
+"devices in the network. Since these dishwashers are used in hospitals, such "
+"attacks could potentially put hundreds of lives at risk."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <div><ul><li><p>
+msgid ""
+"A computerized vibrator <a href=\"https://www.theguardian.com/";
+"technology/2016/aug/10/vibrator-phone-app-we-vibe-4-plus-bluetooth-hack\"> "
+"was snooping on its users through the proprietary control app</a>."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <div><ul><li><p>
+msgid ""
+"The app was reporting the temperature of the vibrator minute by minute "
+"(thus, indirectly, whether it was surrounded by a person's body), as well as "
+"the vibration frequency."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <div><ul><li><p>
+msgid ""
+"Note the totally inadequate proposed response: a labeling standard with "
+"which manufacturers would make statements about their products, rather than "
+"free software which users could have checked and changed."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <div><ul><li><p>
+msgid ""
+"The company that made the vibrator <a href=\"https://www.theguardian.com/us-";
+"news/2016/sep/14/wevibe-sex-toy-data-collection-chicago-lawsuit\"> was sued "
+"for collecting lots of personal information about how people used it</a>."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <div><ul><li><p>
+msgid ""
+"The company's statement that it was anonymizing the data may be true, but it "
+"doesn't really matter. If it had sold the data to a data broker, the data "
+"broker would have been able to figure out who the user was."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <div><ul><li><p>
+msgid ""
+"Following this lawsuit, <a href=\"https://www.theguardian.com/";
+"technology/2017/mar/14/we-vibe-vibrator-tracking-users-sexual-habits\"> the "
+"company has been ordered to pay a total of C$4m</a> to its customers."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <div><ul><li><p>
+msgid ""
+"The CIA exploited existing vulnerabilities in “smart” TVs and "
+"phones to design a malware that <a href=\"https://www.independent.co.uk/life-";
+"style/gadgets-and-tech/news/wikileaks-vault-7-android-iphone-cia-phones-"
+"handsets-tv-smart-julian-assange-a7616651.html\"> spies through their "
+"microphones and cameras while making them appear to be turned off</a>. Since "
+"the spyware sniffs signals, it bypasses encryption."
+msgstr ""
+"ä¸å¤®æ
æ¥å±å©ç¨“æºè½çµè§”åçµè¯çå·²ææ¼æ´è®¾è®¡äºä¸ç§æ¶æ软件ï¼<a
"
+"href=\"https://www.independent.co.uk/life-style/gadgets-and-tech/news/";
+"wikileaks-vault-7-android-iphone-cia-phones-handsets-tv-smart-julian-assange-"
+"a7616651.html\">éè¿éº¦å
é£åæå头è¿è¡é´è°æ´»å¨ï¼åæ¶çä¸å»ååæ¯å¤äºå
³éç¶æ"
+"</a>ãç±äºé´è°è½¯ä»¶ä¼å
æ¢ä¿¡å·ï¼ç»è¿äºå å¯ã"
+
+#. type: Content of: <div><ul><li><p>
+msgid ""
+"“CloudPets” toys with microphones <a href=\"https://www.";
+"theguardian.com/technology/2017/feb/28/cloudpets-data-breach-leaks-details-"
+"of-500000-children-and-adults\"> leak childrens' conversations to the "
+"manufacturer</a>. Guess what? <a href=\"https://motherboard.vice.com/en_us/";
+"article/pgwean/internet-of-things-teddy-bear-leaked-2-million-parent-and-"
+"kids-message-recordings\"> Crackers found a way to access the data</a> "
+"collected by the manufacturer's snooping."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <div><ul><li><p>
+msgid ""
+"That the manufacturer and the FBI could listen to these conversations was "
+"unacceptable by itself."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <div><ul><li><p>
+msgid ""
+"If you buy a used “smart” car, house, TV, refrigerator, etc., "
+"usually <a href=\"http://boingboing.net/2017/02/20/the-previous-owners-of-";
+"used.html\">the previous owners can still remotely control it</a>."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <div><ul><li><p>
+msgid ""
+"Vizio “smart” <a href=\"https://www.ftc.gov/news-events/blogs/";
+"business-blog/2017/02/what-vizio-was-doing-behind-tv-screen\">TVs report "
+"everything that is viewed on them, and not just broadcasts and cable</a>. "
+"Even if the image is coming from the user's own computer, the TV reports "
+"what it is. The existence of a way to disable the surveillance, even if it "
+"were not hidden as it was in these TVs, does not legitimize the surveillance."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <div><ul><li><p>
+msgid ""
+"A cracker would be able to <a href=\"https://uploadvr.com/hackable-webcam-";
+"oculus-sensor-be-aware/\"> turn the Oculus Rift sensors into spy cameras</a> "
+"after breaking into the computer they are connected to."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <div><ul><li><p>
+msgid ""
+"<small>(Unfortunately, the article <a href=\"/philosophy/words-to-avoid."
+"html#Hacker\">improperly refers to crackers as “hackers”</a>.)</"
+"small>"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <div><ul><li><p>
+msgid ""
+"VR equipment, measuring every slight motion, creates the potential for the "
+"most intimate surveillance ever. All it takes to make this potential real <a "
+"href=\"https://theintercept.com/2016/12/23/virtual-reality-allows-the-most-";
+"detailed-intimate-digital-surveillance-yet/\">is software as malicious as "
+"many other programs listed in this page</a>."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <div><ul><li><p>
+msgid ""
+"You can bet Facebook will implement the maximum possible surveillance on "
+"Oculus Rift devices. The moral is, never trust a VR system with nonfree "
+"software in it."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <div><ul><li><p>
+msgid ""
+"The developer of Ham Radio Deluxe <a href=\"https://www.techdirt.com/";
+"articles/20161220/12411836320/company-bricks-users-software-after-he-posts-"
+"negative-review.shtml\">sabotaged a customer's installation as punishment "
+"for posting a negative review</a>."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <div><ul><li><p>
+msgid ""
+"Most proprietary software companies don't use their power so harshly, but it "
+"is an injustice that they all <em>have</em> such power."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <div><ul><li><p>
+msgid ""
+"The “smart” toys My Friend Cayla and i-Que can be <a href="
+"\"https://www.forbrukerradet.no/siste-nytt/connected-toys-violate-consumer-";
+"laws\">remotely controlled with a mobile phone</a>; physical access is not "
+"necessary. This would enable crackers to listen in on a child's "
+"conversations, and even speak into the toys themselves."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <div><ul><li><p>
+msgid ""
+"This means a burglar could speak into the toys and ask the child to unlock "
+"the front door while Mommy's not looking."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <div><ul><li><p>
+msgid ""
+"HP's firmware downgrade <a href=\"https://www.theguardian.com/";
+"technology/2016/sep/20/hp-inkjet-printers-unofficial-cartridges-software-"
+"update\">imposed DRM on some printers, which now refuse to function with "
+"third-party ink cartridges</a>."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <div><ul><li><p>
+msgid ""
+"Ransomware <a href=\"https://www.pentestpartners.com/security-blog/";
+"thermostat-ransomware-a-lesson-in-iot-security/\"> has been developed for a "
+"thermostat that uses proprietary software</a>."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <div><ul><li><p>
+msgid ""
+"Samsung's “Smart Home” has a big security hole; <a href=\"http://";
+"arstechnica.com/security/2016/05/samsung-smart-home-flaws-lets-hackers-make-"
+"keys-to-front-door/\"> unauthorized people can remotely control it</a>."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <div><ul><li><p>
+msgid ""
+"Samsung claims that this is an “open” platform so the problem is "
+"partly the fault of app developers. That is clearly true if the apps are "
+"proprietary software."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <div><ul><li><p>
+msgid ""
+"Anything whose name is “Smart” is most likely going to screw you."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <div><ul><li><p>
+msgid ""
+"Malware was found on <a href=\"http://www.slate.com/blogs/";
+"future_tense/2016/04/11/"
+"security_cameras_sold_through_amazon_have_malware_according_to_security.html"
+"\"> security cameras available through Amazon</a>."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <div><ul><li><p>
+msgid ""
+"A camera that records locally on physical media, and has no network "
+"connection, does not threaten people with surveillance—neither by "
+"watching people through the camera, nor through malware in the camera."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <div><ul><li><p>
+msgid ""
+"Revolv is a device that managed “smart home” operations: "
+"switching lights, operate motion sensors, regulating temperature, etc. Its "
+"proprietary software depends on a remote server to do these tasks. On May "
+"15th, 2016, Google/Alphabet <a href=\"https://www.eff.org/deeplinks/2016/04/";
+"nest-reminds-customers-ownership-isnt-what-it-used-be\">intentionally broke "
+"it by shutting down the server</a>."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <div><ul><li><p>
+msgid ""
+"If it were free software, users would have the ability to make it work "
+"again, differently, and then have a freedom-respecting home instead of a "
+"“smart” home. Don't let proprietary software control your "
+"devices and turn them into $300 out-of-warranty bricks. Insist on self-"
+"contained computers that run free software!"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <div><ul><li><p>
+msgid ""
+"Over 70 brands of network-connected surveillance cameras have <a href="
+"\"http://www.kerneronsec.com/2016/02/remote-code-execution-in-cctv-dvrs-of.";
+"html\"> security bugs that allow anyone to watch through them</a>."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <div><ul><li><p>
+msgid ""
+"The <a href=\"http://michaelweinberg.org/post/137045828005/free-the-cube\";> "
+"“Cube” 3D printer was designed with DRM</a>: it won't accept "
+"third-party printing materials. It is the Keurig of printers. Now it is "
+"being discontinued, which means that eventually authorized materials won't "
+"be available and the printers may become unusable."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <div><ul><li><p>
+msgid ""
+"With a <a href=\"http://www.fsf.org/resources/hw/endorsement/aleph-objects";
+"\"> printer that gets the Respects Your Freedom</a>, this problem would not "
+"even be a remote possibility."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <div><ul><li><p>
+msgid ""
+"How pitiful that the author of that article says that there was “"
+"nothing wrong” with designing the device to restrict users in the "
+"first place. This is like putting a “cheat me and mistreat me” "
+"sign on your chest. We should know better: we should condemn all companies "
+"that take advantage of people like him. Indeed, it is the acceptance of "
+"their unjust practice that teaches people to be doormats."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <div><ul><li><p>
+msgid ""
+"Philips “smart” lightbulbs had initially been designed to "
+"interact with other companies' smart light bulbs, but <a href=\"https://www.";
+"techdirt.com/articles/20151214/07452133070/lightbulb-drm-philips-locks-"
+"purchasers-out-third-party-bulbs-with-firmware-update.shtml\"> later the "
+"company updated the firmware to disallow interoperability</a>."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <div><ul><li><p>
+msgid ""
+"If a product is “smart”, and you didn't build it, it is cleverly "
+"serving its manufacturer <em>against you</em>."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <div><ul><li><p>
+msgid ""
+"<a href=\"http://www.itworld.com/article/2705284/backdoor-found-in-d-link-";
+"router-firmware-code.html\"> Some D-Link routers</a> have a back door for "
+"changing settings in a dlink of an eye."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <div><ul><li><p>
+msgid ""
+"<a href=\"http://sekurak.pl/tp-link-httptftp-backdoor/\";> The TP-Link router "
+"has a back door</a>."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <div><ul><li><p>
+msgid ""
+"<a href=\"https://github.com/elvanderb/TCP-32764\";>Many models of routers "
+"have back doors</a>."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <div><ul><li><p>
+msgid ""
+"The Nest Cam “smart” camera is <a href=\"http://www.bbc.com/news/";
+"technology-34922712\">always watching</a>, even when the “owner” "
+"switches it “off.”"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <div><ul><li><p>
+msgid ""
+"A “smart” device means the manufacturer is using it to outsmart "
+"you."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <div><ul><li><p>
+msgid ""
+"ARRIS cable modem has a <a href=\"https://w00tsec.blogspot.de/2015/11/arris-";
+"cable-modem-has-backdoor-in.html?m=1\"> back door in the back door</a>."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <div><ul><li><p>
+msgid ""
+"Some web and TV advertisements play inaudible sounds to be picked up by "
+"proprietary malware running on other devices in range so as to determine "
+"that they are nearby. Once your Internet devices are paired with your TV, "
+"advertisers can correlate ads with Web activity, and other <a href=\"http://";
+"arstechnica.com/tech-policy/2015/11/beware-of-ads-that-use-inaudible-sound-"
+"to-link-your-phone-tv-tablet-and-pc/\"> cross-device tracking</a>."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <div><ul><li><p>
+msgid ""
+"Vizio goes a step further than other TV manufacturers in spying on their "
+"users: their <a href=\"http://www.propublica.org/article/own-a-vizio-smart-";
+"tv-its-watching-you\"> “smart” TVs analyze your viewing habits "
+"in detail and link them your IP address</a> so that advertisers can track "
+"you across devices."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <div><ul><li><p>
+msgid ""
+"It is possible to turn this off, but having it enabled by default is an "
+"injustice already."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <div><ul><li><p>
+msgid ""
+"Tivo's alliance with Viacom adds 2.3 million households to the 600 millions "
+"social media profiles the company already monitors. Tivo customers are "
+"unaware they're being watched by advertisers. By combining TV viewing "
+"information with online social media participation, Tivo can now <a href="
+"\"http://www.reuters.com/article/viacom-tivo-idUSL1N12U1VV20151102\";> "
+"correlate TV advertisement with online purchases</a>, exposing all users to "
+"new combined surveillance by default."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <div><ul><li><p>
+msgid ""
+"FitBit fitness trackers have a <a href=\"http://www.tripwire.com/state-of-";
+"security/latest-security-news/10-second-hack-delivers-first-ever-malware-to-"
+"fitness-trackers/\"> Bluetooth vulnerability</a> that allows attackers to "
+"send malware to the devices, which can subsequently spread to computers and "
+"other FitBit trackers that interact with them."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <div><ul><li><p>
+msgid ""
+"“Self-encrypting” disk drives do the encryption with proprietary "
+"firmware so you can't trust it. Western Digital's “My Passport” "
+"drives <a href=\"https://motherboard.vice.com/en_us/article/mgbmma/some-";
+"popular-self-encrypting-hard-drives-have-really-bad-encryption\"> have a "
+"back door</a>."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <div><ul><li><p>
+msgid ""
+"Vizio “smart” TVs recognize and <a href=\"http://www.engadget.";
+"com/2015/07/24/vizio-ipo-inscape-acr/\">track what people are watching</a>, "
+"even if it isn't a TV channel."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <div><ul><li><p>
+msgid ""
+"Due to bad security in a drug pump, crackers could use it to <a href="
+"\"http://www.wired.com/2015/06/hackers-can-send-fatal-doses-hospital-drug-";
+"pumps/\"> kill patients</a>."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <div><ul><li><p>
+msgid ""
+"Verizon cable TV <a href=\"http://arstechnica.com/business/2015/05/verizon-";
+"fios-reps-know-what-tv-channels-you-watch/\"> snoops on what programs people "
+"watch, and even what they wanted to record</a>."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <div><ul><li><p>
+msgid ""
+"Hospira infusion pumps, which are used to administer drugs to a patient, "
+"were rated “<a href=\"https://securityledger.com/2015/05/researcher-";
+"drug-pump-the-least-secure-ip-device-ive-ever-seen/\">least secure IP device "
+"I've ever seen</a>” by a security researcher."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <div><ul><li><p>
+msgid ""
+"Depending on what drug is being infused, the insecurity could open the door "
+"to murder."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <div><ul><li><p>
+msgid ""
+"Vizio <a href=\"http://boingboing.net/2015/04/30/telescreen-watch-vizio-adds-";
+"s.html\"> used a firmware “upgrade” to make its TVs snoop on "
+"what users watch</a>. The TVs did not do that when first sold."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <div><ul><li><p>
+msgid ""
+"Barbie <a href=\"http://www.mirror.co.uk/news/technology-science/technology/";
+"wi-fi-spy-barbie-records-childrens-5177673\">is going to spy on children and "
+"adults</a>."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <div><ul><li><p>
+msgid ""
+"The Samsung “Smart” TV <a href=\"http://www.consumerreports.org/";
+"cro/news/2015/02/who-s-the-third-party-that-samsung-and-lg-smart-tvs-are-"
+"sharing-your-voice-data-with/index.htm\"> transmits users' voice on the "
+"internet to another company, Nuance</a>. Nuance can save it and would then "
+"have to give it to the US or some other government."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <div><ul><li><p>
+msgid ""
+"Speech recognition is not to be trusted unless it is done by free software "
+"in your own computer."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <div><ul><li><p>
+msgid ""
+"In its privacy policy, Samsung explicitly confirms that <a href=\"http://";
+"theweek.com/speedreads/538379/samsung-warns-customers-not-discuss-personal-"
+"information-front-smart-tvs\">voice data containing sensitive information "
+"will be transmitted to third parties</a>."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <div><ul><li><p>
+msgid ""
+"More or less all “smart” TVs <a href=\"http://www.myce.com/news/";
+"reseachers-all-smart-tvs-spy-on-you-sony-monitors-all-channel-switches-72851/"
+"\">spy on their users</a>."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <div><ul><li><p>
+msgid "The report was as of 2014, but we don't expect this has got better."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <div><ul><li><p>
+msgid ""
+"This shows that laws requiring products to get users' formal consent before "
+"collecting personal data are totally inadequate. And what happens if a user "
+"declines consent? Probably the TV will say, “Without your consent to "
+"tracking, the TV will not work.”"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <div><ul><li><p>
+msgid ""
+"Proper laws would say that TVs are not allowed to report what the user "
+"watches—no exceptions!"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <div><ul><li><p>
+msgid ""
+"Nest thermometers send <a href=\"http://bgr.com/2014/07/17/google-nest-";
+"jailbreak-hack\">a lot of data about the user</a>."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <div><ul><li><p>
+msgid ""
+"LG <a href=\"http://www.techdirt.com/articles/20140511/17430627199/lg-will-";
+"take-smart-out-your-smart-tv-if-you-dont-agree-to-share-your-viewing-search-"
+"data-with-third-parties.shtml\"> disabled network features</a> on "
+"<em>previously purchased</em> “smart” TVs, unless the purchasers "
+"agreed to let LG begin to snoop on them and distribute their personal data."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <div><ul><li><p>
+msgid ""
+"Lots of <a href=\"http://www.wired.com/2014/04/hospital-equipment-vulnerable/";
+"\"> hospital equipment has lousy security</a>, and it can be fatal."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <div><ul><li><p>
+msgid ""
+"<a href=\"http://www.bunniestudios.com/blog/?p=3554\";> Some flash memories "
+"have modifiable software</a>, which makes them vulnerable to viruses."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <div><ul><li><p>
+msgid ""
+"We don't call this a “back door” because it is normal that you "
+"can install a new system in a computer, given physical access to it. "
+"However, memory sticks and cards should not be modifiable in this way."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <div><ul><li><p>
+msgid ""
+"<a href=\"http://arstechnica.com/security/2013/12/credit-card-fraud-comes-of-";
+"age-with-first-known-point-of-sale-botnet/\"> Point-of-sale terminals "
+"running Windows were taken over</a> and turned into a botnet for the purpose "
+"of collecting customers' credit card numbers."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <div><ul><li><p>
+msgid ""
+"Spyware in LG “smart” TVs <a href=\"http://doctorbeet.blogspot.";
+"co.uk/2013/11/lg-smart-tvs-logging-usb-filenames-and.html\"> reports what "
+"the user watches, and the switch to turn this off has no effect</a>. (The "
+"fact that the transmission reports a 404 error really means nothing; the "
+"server could save that data anyway.)"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <div><ul><li><p>
+msgid ""
+"Even worse, it <a href=\"http://rambles.renney.me/2013/11/lg-tv-logging-";
+"filenames-from-network-folders/\"> snoops on other devices on the user's "
+"local network</a>."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <div><ul><li><p>
+msgid ""
+"LG later said it had installed a patch to stop this, but any product could "
+"spy this way."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <div><ul><li><p>
+msgid ""
+"<a href=\"http://web.archive.org/web/20131007102857/http://www.nclnet.org/";
+"technology/73-digital-rights-management/124-whos-driving-the-copyright-laws-"
+"consumers-insist-on-the-right-to-back-it-up\"> DVDs and Bluray disks have "
+"DRM</a>."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <div><ul><li><p>
+msgid ""
+"That page uses spin terms that favor DRM, including <a href=\"/philosophy/"
+"words-to-avoid.html#DigitalRightsManagement\"> digital “rights” "
+"management</a> and <a href=\"/philosophy/words-to-avoid.html#Protection"
+"\">“protect”</a>, and it claims that “artists” "
+"(rather than companies) are primarily responsible for putting digital "
+"restrictions management into these disks. Nonetheless, it is a reference "
+"for the facts."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <div><ul><li><p>
+msgid ""
+"Every Bluray disk (with few, rare exceptions) has DRM—so don't use "
+"Bluray disks!"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <div><ul><li><p>
+msgid ""
+"The FTC punished a company for making webcams with <a href=\"http://www.";
+"nytimes.com/2013/09/05/technology/ftc-says-webcams-flaw-put-users-lives-on-"
+"display.html\"> bad security so that it was easy for anyone to watch through "
+"them</a>."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <div><ul><li><p>
+msgid ""
+"<a href=\"http://spritesmods.com/?art=hddhack&page=6\";> Replaceable "
+"nonfree software in disk drives can be written by a nonfree program</a>. "
+"This makes any system vulnerable to persistent attacks that normal forensics "
+"won't detect."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <div><ul><li><p>
+msgid ""
+"It is possible to <a href=\"http://siliconangle.com/blog/2013/07/27/famed-";
+"hacker-barnaby-jack-dies-days-before-scheduled-black-hat-appearance/\"> kill "
+"people by taking control of medical implants by radio</a>. More information "
+"in <a href=\"http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/technology-17631838\";>BBC News</a> "
+"and <a href=\"https://ioactive.com/broken-hearts-how-plausible-was-the-";
+"homeland-pacemaker-hack/\"> IOActive Labs Research blog</a>."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <div><ul><li><p>
+msgid ""
+"<a href=\"http://www.forbes.com/sites/kashmirhill/2013/07/26/smart-homes-";
+"hack/\"> “Smart homes”</a> turn out to be stupidly vulnerable to "
+"intrusion."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <div><ul><li><p>
+msgid ""
+"HP “storage appliances” that use the proprietary “Left "
+"Hand” operating system have back doors that give HP <a href=\"https://";
+"insights.dice.com/2013/07/11/hp-keeps-installing-secret-backdoors-in-"
+"enterprise-storage/\"> remote login access</a> to them. HP claims that this "
+"does not give HP access to the customer's data, but if the back door allows "
+"installation of software changes, a change could be installed that would "
+"give access to the customer's data."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <div><ul><li><p>
+msgid ""
+"The Cisco TNP IP phones are <a href=\"http://boingboing.net/2012/12/29/your-";
+"cisco-phone-is-listening.html\"> spying devices</a>."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <div><ul><li><p>
+msgid ""
+"Samsung “Smart” TVs have <a href=\"https://wiki.samygo.tv/index.";
+"php?title=SamyGO_for_DUMMIES#What_are_Restricted_Firmwares.3F\"> turned "
+"Linux into the base for a tyrant system</a> so as to impose DRM. What "
+"enables Samsung to do this is that Linux is released under GNU GPL version "
+"2, <a href=\"/licenses/rms-why-gplv3.html\">not version 3</a>, together with "
+"a weak interpretation of GPL version 2."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <div><ul><li><p>
+msgid ""
+"<a href=\"http://www.dailymail.co.uk/sciencetech/article-2249303/Hackers-";
+"penetrate-home-Crack-Samsungs-Smart-TV-allows-attacker-seize-control-"
+"microphone-cameras.html\"> Crackers found a way to break security on a "
+"“smart” TV</a> and use its camera to watch the people who are "
+"watching TV."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <div><ul><li><p>
+msgid ""
+"Some LG TVs <a href=\"https://web.archive.org/web/20190917164647/http://";
+"openlgtv.org.ru/wiki/index.php/Achievements\"> are tyrants</a>."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "Copyright © 2013, 2014, 2015, 2016, 2017, 2018, 2019, 2020 Free "
+#| "Software Foundation, Inc."
+msgid ""
+"Copyright © 2016, 2017, 2018, 2019, 2020 Free Software Foundation, Inc."
+msgstr ""
+"Copyright © 2013, 2014, 2015, 2016, 2017, 2018, 2019, 2020 Free "
+"Software Foundation, Inc."
+
+#. type: Content of: <title>
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid "Proprietary Software - GNU Project - Free Software Foundation"
+msgid "Malware In Cars - GNU Project - Free Software Foundation"
+msgstr "ä¸æ软件 - GNU å·¥ç¨ - èªç±è½¯ä»¶åºéä¼"
+
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid "<a href=\"/proprietary/malware-mobiles.html\">Mobiles</a>"
+msgid ""
+"<a href=\"/proprietary/proprietary.html\">Proprietary malware</a> → Cars"
+msgstr "<a href=\"/proprietary/malware-mobiles.html\">ææº</a>"
+
+#. type: Content of: <div><h2>
+msgid "Malware In Cars"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <div><ul><li><p>
+msgid ""
+"Most modern cars now <a href=\"https://boingboing.net/2019/12/17/cars-now-";
+"run-on-the-new-oil.html\"> record and send various kinds of data to the "
+"manufacturer</a>. For the user, access to the data is nearly impossible, as "
+"it involves cracking the car's computer, which is always hidden and running "
+"with proprietary software."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <div><ul><li><p>
+msgid ""
+"Tesla users claim Tesla <a href=\"https://www.reuters.com/article/us-tesla-";
+"battery/tesla-owner-lawsuit-claims-software-update-fraudulently-cut-battery-"
+"capacity-idUSKCN1UY2TW\">force-installed software to cut down on battery "
+"range</a>, rather than replace the defective batteries. Tesla did this to "
+"avoid having to run their warranty."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <div><ul><li><p>
+msgid ""
+"This means that proprietary software can potentially be a way to commit "
+"perjury with impunity."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <div><ul><li><p>
+msgid ""
+"Volkswagen programmed its car engine computers to <a href=\"https://www.";
+"petri.com/volkswagen-used-software-to-cheat-on-emissions\"> detect the "
+"Environmental Protection Agency's emission tests</a>, and run dirty the rest "
+"of the time. In real driving, the cars exceeded emissions standards by a "
+"factor of up to 35."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <div><ul><li><p>
+msgid ""
+"Using free software would not have stopped Volkswagen from programming it "
+"this way, but would have made it harder to conceal, and given the users the "
+"possibility of correcting the deception."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <div><ul><li><p>
+msgid ""
+"Former executives of Volkswagen are being <a href=\"https://www.theguardian.";
+"com/business/2019/apr/15/former-head-of-volkswagen-could-face-10-years-in-"
+"prison\"> sued over this fraud</a>."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <div><ul><li><p>
+msgid ""
+"Tesla cars collect lots of personal data, and <a href=\"https://www.cnbc.";
+"com/2019/03/29/tesla-model-3-keeps-data-like-crash-videos-location-phone-"
+"contacts.html\"> when they go to a junkyard the driver's personal data goes "
+"with them</a>."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <div><ul><li><p>
+msgid ""
+"The FordPass Connect feature of some Ford vehicles has <a href=\"https://www.";
+"myfordpass.com/content/ford_com/fp_app/en_us/termsprivacy.html\"> near-"
+"complete access to the internal car network</a>. It is constantly connected "
+"to the cellular phone network and sends Ford a lot of data, including car "
+"location. This feature operates even when the ignition key is removed, and "
+"users report that they can't disable it."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <div><ul><li><p>
+msgid ""
+"If you own one of these cars, have you succeeded in breaking the "
+"connectivity by disconnecting the cellular modem, or wrapping the antenna in "
+"aluminum foil?"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <div><ul><li><p>
+msgid ""
+"New GM cars <a href=\"https://media.gm.com/media/us/en/gmc/vehicles/";
+"canyon/2019.html\"> offer the feature of a universal back door</a>."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <div><ul><li><p>
+msgid ""
+"Every nonfree program offers the user zero security against its developer. "
+"With this malfeature, GM has explicitly made things even worse."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <div><ul><li><p>
+msgid ""
+"In China, it is mandatory for electric cars to be equipped with a terminal "
+"that <a href=\"https://www.apnews.com/4a749a4211904784826b45e812cff4ca\";> "
+"transfers technical data, including car location, to a government-run "
+"platform</a>. In practice, <a href=\"/proprietary/proprietary-surveillance."
+"html#car-spying\"> manufacturers collect this data</a> as part of their own "
+"spying, then forward it to the government-run platform."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <div><ul><li><p>
+msgid ""
+"GM <a href=\"https://boingboing.net/2018/10/23/dont-touch-that-dial.html\";> "
+"tracked the choices of radio programs</a> in its “connected” "
+"cars, minute by minute."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <div><ul><li><p>
+msgid ""
+"GM did not get users' consent, but it could have got that easily by sneaking "
+"it into the contract that users sign for some digital service or other. A "
+"requirement for consent is effectively no protection."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <div><ul><li><p>
+msgid ""
+"The cars can also collect lots of other data: listening to you, watching "
+"you, following your movements, tracking passengers' cell phones. <em>All</"
+"em> such data collection should be forbidden."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <div><ul><li><p>
+msgid ""
+"But if you really want to be safe, we must make sure the car's hardware "
+"cannot collect any of that data, or that the software is free so we know it "
+"won't collect any of that data."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <div><ul><li><p>
+msgid ""
+"AI-powered driving apps can <a href=\"https://motherboard.vice.com/en_us/";
+"article/43nz9p/ai-powered-driving-apps-can-track-your-every-move\"> track "
+"your every move</a>."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <div><ul><li><p>
+msgid ""
+"Bad security in some cars makes it possible to <a href=\"https://cve.mitre.";
+"org/cgi-bin/cvename.cgi?name=CVE-2017-14937\"> remotely activate the "
+"airbags</a>."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <div><ul><li><p>
+msgid ""
+"Tesla used software to limit the part of the battery that was available to "
+"customers in some cars, and <a href=\"https://techcrunch.com/2017/09/09/";
+"tesla-flips-a-switch-to-increase-the-range-of-some-cars-in-florida-to-help-"
+"people-evacuate/\"> a universal back door in the software</a> to temporarily "
+"increase this limit."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <div><ul><li><p>
+msgid ""
+"While remotely allowing car “owners” to use the whole battery "
+"capacity did not do them any harm, the same back door would permit Tesla "
+"(perhaps under the command of some government) to remotely order the car to "
+"use none of its battery. Or perhaps to drive its passenger to a torture "
+"prison."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <div><ul><li><p>
+msgid ""
+"The mobile apps for communicating <a href=\"https://www.bleepingcomputer.com/";
+"news/security/millions-of-smart-cars-vulnerable-due-to-insecure-android-apps/"
+"\">with a smart but foolish car have very bad security</a>."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <div><ul><li><p>
+msgid ""
+"This is in addition to the fact that the car contains a cellular modem that "
+"tells big brother all the time where it is. If you own such a car, it would "
+"be wise to disconnect the modem so as to turn off the tracking."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <div><ul><li><p>
+msgid ""
+"<a href=\"http://jalopnik.com/america-figured-out-a-new-way-audi-cheated-on-";
+"emissions-1788630969\"> Audi's proprietary software used a simple method to "
+"cheat on emissions tests</a>: to activate a special low-emission "
+"gearshifting mode until the first time the car made a turn."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <div><ul><li><p>
+msgid ""
+"Due to weak security, <a href=\"http://jalopnik.com/almost-every-volkswagen-";
+"built-since-1995-is-vulnerable-1785159844\">it is easy to open the doors of "
+"100 million cars built by Volkswagen</a>."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <div><ul><li><p>
+msgid ""
+"Computerized cars with nonfree software are <a href=\"http://www.";
+"thelowdownblog.com/2016/07/your-cars-been-studying-you-closely-and.html\"> "
+"snooping devices</a>."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <div><ul><li><p>
+msgid ""
+"The Nissan Leaf has a built-in cell phone modem which allows effectively "
+"anyone to <a href=\"https://www.troyhunt.com/controlling-vehicle-features-of-";
+"nissan/\"> access its computers remotely and make changes in various "
+"settings</a>."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <div><ul><li><p>
+msgid ""
+"That's easy to do because the system has no authentication when accessed "
+"through the modem. However, even if it asked for authentication, you "
+"couldn't be confident that Nissan has no access. The software in the car is "
+"proprietary, <a href=\"/philosophy/free-software-even-more-important.html"
+"\">which means it demands blind faith from its users</a>."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <div><ul><li><p>
+msgid ""
+"Even if no one connects to the car remotely, the cell phone modem enables "
+"the phone company to track the car's movements all the time; it is possible "
+"to physically remove the cell phone modem, though."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <div><ul><li><p>
+msgid ""
+"Caterpillar vehicles come with <a href=\"http://www.zerohedge.com/";
+"news/2015-11-19/caterpillar-depression-has-never-been-worse-it-has-cunning-"
+"plan-how-deal-it\"> a back door to shutoff the engine</a> remotely."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <div><ul><li><p>
+msgid ""
+"Security researchers discovered a <a href=\"http://www.theguardian.com/";
+"technology/2015/aug/12/hack-car-brakes-sms-text\"> vulnerability in "
+"diagnostic dongles used for vehicle tracking and insurance</a> that let them "
+"take remote control of a car or lorry using an SMS."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <div><ul><li><p>
+msgid ""
+"Crackers were able to <a href=\"http://arstechnica.com/security/2015/07/fiat-";
+"chrysler-connected-car-bug-lets-hackers-take-over-jeep-remotely/\"> take "
+"remote control of the Jeep</a> “connected car”. They could track "
+"the car, start or stop the engine, and activate or deactivate the brakes, "
+"and more."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <div><ul><li><p>
+msgid "We expect that Chrysler and the NSA can do this too."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <div><ul><li><p>
+msgid ""
+"If you own a car that contains a phone modem, it would be a good idea to "
+"deactivate this."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <div><ul><li><p>
+msgid ""
+"<a href=\"https://www.eff.org/deeplinks/2013/11/drm-cars-will-drive-";
+"consumers-crazy\"> DRM in cars will drive consumers crazy</a>."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <div><ul><li><p>
+msgid ""
+"Tesla cars allow the company to extract data remotely and determine the "
+"car's location at any time. (See Section 2, paragraphs b and c of the <a "
+"href=\"http://www.teslamotors.com/sites/default/files/pdfs/";
+"tmi_privacy_statement_external_6-14-2013_v2.pdf\"> privacy statement</a>.) "
+"The company says it doesn't store this information, but if the state orders "
+"it to get the data and hand it over, the state can store it."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <div><ul><li><p>
+msgid ""
+"Proprietary software in cars <a href=\"http://www.usatoday.com/story/money/";
+"cars/2013/03/24/car-spying-edr-data-privacy/1991751/\"> records information "
+"about drivers' movements</a>, which is made available to car manufacturers, "
+"insurance companies, and others."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <div><ul><li><p>
+msgid ""
+"The case of toll-collection systems, mentioned in this article, is not "
+"really a matter of proprietary surveillance. These systems are an "
+"intolerable invasion of privacy, and should be replaced with anonymous "
+"payment systems, but the invasion isn't done by malware. The other cases "
+"mentioned are done by proprietary malware in the car."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <div><ul><li><p>
+msgid ""
+"It is possible to <a href=\"http://www.pcworld.idg.com.au/article/379477/";
+"hacking_music_can_take_control_your_car/\"> take control of some car "
+"computers through malware in music files</a>. Also <a href=\"http://www.";
+"nytimes.com/2011/03/10/business/10hack.html?_r=0\"> by radio</a>. More "
+"information in <a href=\"http://www.autosec.org/faq.html\";> Automotive "
+"Security And Privacy Center</a>."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "Copyright © 2013, 2014, 2015, 2016, 2017, 2018, 2019, 2020 Free "
+#| "Software Foundation, Inc."
+msgid "Copyright © 2017, 2018, 2019, 2020 Free Software Foundation, Inc."
+msgstr ""
+"Copyright © 2013, 2014, 2015, 2016, 2017, 2018, 2019, 2020 Free "
+"Software Foundation, Inc."
+
+#. type: Content of: <title>
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid "Proprietary Software - GNU Project - Free Software Foundation"
+msgid "Malware in Games - GNU Project - Free Software Foundation"
+msgstr "ä¸æ软件 - GNU å·¥ç¨ - èªç±è½¯ä»¶åºéä¼"
+
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid "<a href=\"/proprietary/malware-mobiles.html\">Mobiles</a>"
+msgid ""
+"<a href=\"/proprietary/proprietary.html\">Proprietary malware</a> → "
+"Games"
+msgstr "<a href=\"/proprietary/malware-mobiles.html\">ææº</a>"
+
+#. type: Content of: <div><h2>
+msgid "Malware in Games"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <div><div><p>
+msgid ""
+"Among the numerous malicious functionalities that are found in games, <a "
+"href=\"/proprietary/proprietary-addictions.html#addictiveness\"> "
+"addictiveness</a> may be the worst, because it doesn't only affect users "
+"materially, but also psychologically."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <div><ul><li><p>
+msgid ""
+"Microsoft recorded users of Xboxes and had <a href=\"https://www.vice.com/";
+"en_us/article/43kv4q/microsoft-human-contractors-listened-to-xbox-owners-"
+"homes-kinect-cortana\"> human workers listen to the recordings</a>."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <div><ul><li><p>
+msgid ""
+"Morally, we see no difference between having human workers listen and having "
+"speech-recognition systems listen. Both intrude on privacy."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <div><ul><li><p>
+msgid ""
+"Resourceful children figured out how to <a href=\"https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/";
+"technology-48908766\"> empty their parents' bank account</a> buying packs of "
+"special players for an Electronic Arts soccer game."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <div><ul><li><p>
+msgid ""
+"The random element of these packs (also called “loot boxes”) "
+"makes the game <a href=\"/proprietary/proprietary-addictions#addictiveness"
+"\"> strongly addictive</a>, but the fact that players are pressured to spend "
+"more in order to get ahead of their competitors further qualifies it as "
+"<em>predatory</em>. Note that Belgium <a href=\"https://www.";
+"rockpapershotgun.com/2019/01/29/fifa-ultimate-team-packs-blocked-in-belgium/"
+"\"> made these loot boxes illegal</a> in 2018."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <div><ul><li><p>
+msgid ""
+"The only good reason to have a copy of such a proprietary game is to study "
+"it for free software development."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <div><ul><li><p>
+msgid ""
+"Clash of Clans is a good example of a gratis mobile game that its developers "
+"<a href=\"https://gamerant.com/clash-of-clans-addiction/\";> made very "
+"addictive</a> for a large proportion of its users—and turned into a "
+"cash machine for themselves—by using <a href=\"/proprietary/"
+"proprietary-addictions.html#addictiveness\"> psychological manipulation "
+"techniques</a>."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <div><ul><li><p>
+msgid ""
+"<small>(The article uses “free” to mean “zero price,"
+"” which is a usage we should avoid. We recommend saying “"
+"gratis” instead.)</small>"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <div><ul><li><p>
+msgid ""
+"A nonfree video game, available through the nonfree Steam client, <a href="
+"\"https://www.extremetech.com/gaming/274552-great-now-games-are-hijacking-";
+"systems-with-\"> included a “miner”</a>, i.e. an executable that "
+"hijacks the CPU in users' computers to mine a cryptocurrency."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <div><ul><li><p>
+msgid ""
+"The game Metal Gear Rising for MacOS was tethered to a server. The company "
+"<a href=\"http://www.gamerevolution.com/news/400087-metal-gear-rising-mac-";
+"unplayable-drm\"> shut down the server, and all copies stopped working</a>."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <div><ul><li><p>
+msgid ""
+"Red Shell is a spyware that is found in many proprietary games. It <a href="
+"\"https://nebulous.cloud/threads/red-shell-illegal-spyware-for-steam-";
+"games.31924/\"> tracks data on users' computers and sends it to third "
+"parties</a>."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <div><ul><li><p>
+msgid ""
+"ArenaNet surreptitiously installed a spyware program along with an update to "
+"the massive multiplayer game Guild Wars 2. The spyware allowed ArenaNet <a "
+"href=\"https://techraptor.net/content/arenanet-used-spyware-anti-cheat-for-";
+"guild-wars-2-banwave\"> to snoop on all open processes running on its user's "
+"computer</a>."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <div><ul><li><p>
+msgid ""
+"Learn how <a href=\"https://web.archive.org/web/20170319013045/https://www.";
+"huffingtonpost.com/joseph-farrell/the-fascinating-psycholog_b_6076502.html"
+"\"> gratis-to-play-and-not-win-much games manipulate their useds "
+"psychologically</a>."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <div><ul><li><p>
+msgid ""
+"These manipulative behaviors are malicious functionalities, and they are "
+"possible because the game is proprietary. If it were free, people could "
+"publish a non-manipulative version and play that instead."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <div><ul><li><p>
+msgid ""
+"The driver for a certain gaming keyboard <a href=\"https://thehackernews.";
+"com/2017/11/mantistek-keyboard-keylogger.html\">sends information to China</"
+"a>."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <div><ul><li><p>
+msgid ""
+"In the game Fruit Pop, the player buys boosts with coins to get a high "
+"score. The player gets coins at the end of each game, and can buy more coins "
+"with real money."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <div><ul><li><p>
+msgid ""
+"Getting a higher score once leads the player to desire higher score again "
+"later. But the higher score resulting from the boost <a href=\"https://qz.";
+"com/873348/50000-coins-for-1-99-how-mobile-game-in-app-purchases-are-warping-"
+"kids-understanding-of-basic-economic-ideas/\">does not give the player more "
+"coins, and does not help the player get a higher score in subsequent games</"
+"a>. To get that, the player will need a boost frequently, and usually has to "
+"pay real money for that. Since boosts are exciting and entertaining, the "
+"player is subtly pushed to purchase more coins with real money to get "
+"boosts, and it can develop into a costly habit."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <div><ul><li><p>
+msgid ""
+"nVidia's proprietary GeForce Experience <a href=\"http://www.gamersnexus.net/";
+"industry/2672-geforce-experience-data-transfer-analysis\">makes users "
+"identify themselves and then sends personal data about them to nVidia "
+"servers</a>."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <div><ul><li><p>
+msgid ""
+"A Capcom's Street Fighter V update <a href=\"https://www.theregister.co.";
+"uk/2016/09/23/capcom_street_fighter_v/\"> installed a driver that could be "
+"used as a back door by any application installed on a Windows computer</a>, "
+"but was <a href=\"https://www.rockpapershotgun.com/2016/09/24/street-fighter-";
+"v-removes-new-anti-crack\"> immediately rolled back</a> in response to "
+"public outcry."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <div><ul><li><p>
+msgid ""
+"Oculus Rift games now have <a href=\"https://motherboard.vice.com/en_us/";
+"article/vv77ea/new-oculus-drm-cross-platform\"> DRM meant to prevent running "
+"them on other systems</a>."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <div><ul><li><p>
+msgid ""
+"Many <a href=\"http://www.thestar.com/news/canada/2015/12/29/how-much-data-";
+"are-video-games-collecting-about-you.html/\"> video game consoles snoop on "
+"their users and report to the internet</a>—even what their users weigh."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <div><ul><li><p>
+msgid ""
+"A game console is a computer, and you can't trust a computer with a nonfree "
+"operating system."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <div><ul><li><p>
+msgid ""
+"Modern gratis game cr…apps <a href=\"http://toucharcade.";
+"com/2015/09/16/we-own-you-confessions-of-a-free-to-play-producer/\"> collect "
+"a wide range of data about their users and their users' friends and "
+"associates</a>."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <div><ul><li><p>
+msgid ""
+"Even nastier, they do it through ad networks that merge the data collected "
+"by various cr…apps and sites made by different companies."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <div><ul><li><p>
+msgid ""
+"They use this data to manipulate people to buy things, and hunt for “"
+"whales” who can be led to spend a lot of money. They also use a back "
+"door to manipulate the game play for specific players."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <div><ul><li><p>
+msgid ""
+"While the article describes gratis games, games that cost money can use the "
+"same tactics."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <div><ul><li><p>
+msgid ""
+"Game Of War: Fire Age is an iPhone game with <a href=\"http://www.cracked.";
+"com/personal-experiences-1762-5-reasons-i-lost-249000-iphone-game.html\"> "
+"addictive features</a> which are based on <a href=\"/proprietary/proprietary-"
+"addictions.html#addictiveness\">behavioral manipulation techniques</a>, "
+"compounded with group emulation. After a fairly easy start, the game slows "
+"down and becomes more difficult, so gamers are led to spend more and more "
+"money in order to keep up with their group. And if they stop playing for a "
+"while, the equipment they invested in gets destroyed by the “"
+"enemy” unless they buy an expensive “shield” to protect "
+"it. This game is also deceptive, as it uses confusing menus and complex "
+"stats to obfuscate true monetary costs."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <div><ul><li><p>
+msgid ""
+"<a href=\"https://www.eff.org/deeplinks/2014/10/nintendo-updates-take-wii-u-";
+"hostage-until-you-agree-new-legal-terms\">Nintendo remotely sabotaged all "
+"Wiis, making them refuse to work unless the user agrees to a new EULA</a>."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <div><ul><li><p>
+msgid ""
+"We can be quite sure this EULA is unjust because injustice is the only "
+"motive for imposing an EULA."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <div><ul><li><p>
+msgid ""
+"Angry Birds <a href=\"http://www.nytimes.com/2014/01/28/world/spy-agencies-";
+"scour-phone-apps-for-personal-data.html\"> spies for companies, and the NSA "
+"takes advantage to spy through it too</a>. Here's information on <a href="
+"\"http://confabulator.blogspot.com/2012/11/analysis-of-what-information-";
+"angry.html\"> more spyware apps</a>."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <div><ul><li><p>
+msgid ""
+"<a href=\"http://www.propublica.org/article/spy-agencies-probe-angry-birds-";
+"and-other-apps-for-personal-data\"> More about NSA app spying</a>."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <div><ul><li><p>
+msgid ""
+"Some proprietary <a href=\"http://www.theguardian.com/technology/2014/jan/19/";
+"apple-talking-cats-in-app-purchases\"> games lure children to spend their "
+"parents' money</a>."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <div><ul><li><p>
+msgid ""
+"<a href=\"https://www.defectivebydesign.org/sony\";>The Playstation 3 is a "
+"tyrant</a>."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <div><ul><li><p>
+msgid ""
+"Sony <a href=\"https://www.eff.org/deeplinks/2010/03/sony-steals-feature-";
+"from-your-playstation-3\">sabotaged the Playstation 3</a> with a firmware "
+"downgrade that removed the feature that allowed users to run GNU/Linux on it."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <div><ul><li><p>
+msgid ""
+"Sony subsequently sent police after Geohot, after he cracked the code that "
+"blocked users from changing the firmware, and we responded by calling for a "
+"<a href=\"http://boycottsony.org\";>boycott of Sony</a>."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <div><ul><li><p>
+msgid ""
+"In a court settlement Sony is <a href=\"http://arstechnica.com/tech-";
+"policy/2016/06/if-you-used-to-run-linux-on-your-ps3-you-could-get-55-from-"
+"sony/\"> now paying for the sabotage</a>."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <div><ul><li><p>
+msgid ""
+"Blizzard Warden is a hidden “cheating-prevention” program that "
+"<a href=\"https://www.eff.org/deeplinks/2005/10/new-gaming-feature-spyware";
+"\"> spies on every process running on a gamer's computer and sniffs a good "
+"deal of personal data</a>, including lots of activities which have nothing "
+"to do with cheating."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <title>
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid "Proprietary Software - GNU Project - Free Software Foundation"
+msgid "Google's Software Is Malware - GNU Project - Free Software Foundation"
+msgstr "ä¸æ软件 - GNU å·¥ç¨ - èªç±è½¯ä»¶åºéä¼"
+
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid "<a href=\"/proprietary/malware-mobiles.html\">Mobiles</a>"
+msgid ""
+"<a href=\"/proprietary/proprietary.html\">Proprietary malware</a> → "
+"Google"
+msgstr "<a href=\"/proprietary/malware-mobiles.html\">ææº</a>"
+
+#. type: Content of: <div><h2>
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid "Proprietary Software Is Often Malware"
+msgid "Google's Software is Malware"
+msgstr "ä¸æ软件常常æ¯æ¶æ软件"
+
+#. type: Content of: <div><div><h3>
+msgid "Types of Google malware"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <div><ul><li><p>
+msgid ""
+"ChromeBooks are programmed for obsolescence: ChromeOS has a universal back "
+"door that is used for updates and <a href=\"https://www.theregister.co.";
+"uk/2019/08/22/buying_a_chromebook_dont_forget_to_check_when_it_expires/\"> "
+"ceases to operate at a predefined date</a>. From then on, there appears to "
+"be no support whatsoever for the computer."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <div><ul><li><p>
+msgid ""
+"In other words, when you stop getting screwed by the back door, you start "
+"getting screwed by the obsolescence."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <div><ul><li><p>
+msgid ""
+"Android has a <a href=\"https://www.theverge.com/platform/";
+"amp/2018/9/14/17861150/google-battery-saver-android-9-pie-remote-settings-"
+"change\"> back door for remotely changing “user” settings</a>."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <div><ul><li><p>
+msgid ""
+"The article suggests it might be a universal back door, but this isn't clear."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <div><ul><li><p>
+msgid ""
+"ChromeOS has a universal back door. At least, Google says it does—in "
+"<a href=\"https://www.google.com/intl/en/chromebook/termsofservice.html\";> "
+"section 4 of the EULA</a>."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <div><ul><li><p>
+msgid ""
+"In Android, <a href=\"https://www.computerworld.com/article/2506557/google-";
+"throws--kill-switch--on-android-phones.html\"> Google has a back door to "
+"remotely delete apps</a>. (It was in a program called GTalkService, which "
+"seems since then to have been merged into Google Play.)"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <div><ul><li><p>
+msgid ""
+"Google can also <a href=\"https://jon.oberheide.org/blog/2010/06/25/remote-";
+"kill-and-install-on-google-android/\"> forcibly and remotely install apps</"
+"a> through GTalkService. This is not equivalent to a universal back door, "
+"but permits various dirty tricks."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <div><ul><li><p>
+msgid ""
+"Although Google's <em>exercise</em> of this power has not been malicious so "
+"far, the point is that nobody should have such power, which could also be "
+"used maliciously. You might well decide to let a security service remotely "
+"<em>deactivate</em> programs that it considers malicious. But there is no "
+"excuse for allowing it to <em>delete</em> the programs, and you should have "
+"the right to decide who (if anyone) to trust in this way."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <div><ul><li><p>
+msgid ""
+"Google <a href=\"http://www.csmonitor.com/Technology/2017/0316/Google-Family-";
+"Link-gives-parents-a-way-to-monitor-preteens-accounts\"> offers censorship "
+"software</a>, ostensibly for parents to put into their children's computers."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <div><ul><li><p>
+msgid ""
+"On Windows and MacOS, Chrome <a href=\"https://sites.google.com/a/chromium.";
+"org/dev/developers/extensions-deployment-faq\"> disables extensions</a> that "
+"are not hosted in the Chrome Web Store."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <div><ul><li><p>
+msgid ""
+"For example, an extension was <a href=\"https://web.archive.org/";
+"web/20170120094917/https://consumerist.com/2017/01/18/why-is-google-blocking-";
+"this-ad-blocker-on-chrome/\"> banned from the Chrome Web Store, and "
+"permanently disabled</a> on more than 40,000 computers."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <div><ul><li><p>
+msgid ""
+"<a href=\"http://www.theguardian.com/media/2016/feb/03/google-pulls-ad-";
+"blocking-app-for-samsung-phones\"> Google censored installation of Samsung's "
+"ad-blocker</a> on Android phones, saying that blocking ads is “"
+"interference” with the sites that advertise (and surveil users through "
+"ads)."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <div><ul><li><p>
+msgid ""
+"The ad-blocker is proprietary software, just like the program (Google Play) "
+"that Google used to deny access to install it. Using a nonfree program gives "
+"the owner power over you, and Google has exercised that power."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <div><ul><li><p>
+msgid ""
+"Google's censorship, unlike that of Apple, is not total: Android allows "
+"users to install apps in other ways. You can install free programs from f-"
+"droid.org."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <div><ul><li><p>
+msgid ""
+"Google now allows Android apps to detect whether a device has been rooted, "
+"<a href=\"http://www.androidpolice.com/2017/05/13/netflix-confirms-blocking-";
+"rootedunlocked-devices-app-still-working-now/\">and refuse to install if so</"
+"a>. The Netflix app uses this ability to enforce DRM by refusing to install "
+"on rooted Android devices."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <div><ul><li><p>
+msgid ""
+"Update: Google <i>intentionally</i> changed Android so that apps <a href="
+"\"https://torrentfreak.com/netflix-use-of-google-drm-means-rooted-android-";
+"devices-are-banned-170515/\">can detect rooted devices and refuse to run on "
+"them</a>. The Netflix app is proprietary malware, and one shouldn't use it. "
+"However, that does not make what Google has done any less wrong."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <div><ul><li><p>
+msgid ""
+"Chrome <a href=\"http://boingboing.net/2017/01/30/google-quietly-makes-";
+"optiona.html\">implements DRM</a>. So does Chromium, through nonfree "
+"software that is effectively part of it."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <div><ul><li><p>
+msgid ""
+"<a href=\"https://bugs.chromium.org/p/chromium/issues/detail_ezt?";
+"id=686430\">More information</a>."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <div><ul><li><p>
+msgid ""
+"Android <a href=\"https://developer.android.com/reference/android/drm/";
+"package-summary.html\"> contains facilities specifically to support DRM</a>."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <div><ul><li><p>
+msgid ""
+"Many Android apps can track users' movements even when the user says <a href="
+"\"https://www.theverge.com/2019/7/8/20686514/android-covert-channel-";
+"permissions-data-collection-imei-ssid-location\"> not to allow them access "
+"to locations</a>."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <div><ul><li><p>
+msgid ""
+"This involves an apparently unintentional weakness in Android, exploited "
+"intentionally by malicious apps."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
+msgid ""
+"This section gives examples of Google software harassing or annoying the "
+"user, or causing trouble for the user. These actions are like sabotage but "
+"the word “sabotage” is too strong for them."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <div><ul><li><p>
+msgid ""
+"Google is modifying Chromium so that <a href=\"https://tech.slashdot.org/";
+"story/19/01/23/0048202/google-proposes-changes-to-chromium-browser-that-will-"
+"break-content-blocking-extensions-including-various-ad-blockers\"> "
+"extensions won't be able to alter or block whatever the page contains</a>. "
+"Users could conceivably reverse the change in a fork of Chromium, but surely "
+"Chrome (nonfree) will have the same change, and users can't fix it there."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
+msgid ""
+"The wrongs in this section are not precisely malware, since they do not "
+"involve making the program that runs in a way that hurts the user. But they "
+"are a lot like malware, since they are technical Google actions that harm "
+"the users of specific Google software."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <div><ul><li><p>
+msgid ""
+"Google has long had <a href=\"http://www.theguardian.com/technology/2015/";
+"nov/24/google-can-unlock-android-devices-remotely-if-phone-unencrypted\">a "
+"back door to remotely unlock an Android device</a>, unless its disk is "
+"encrypted (possible since Android 5.0 Lollipop, but still not quite the "
+"default)."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <div><ul><li><p>
+msgid ""
+"Google “Assistant” records users' conversations <a href="
+"\"https://arstechnica.com/information-technology/2019/07/google-defends-";
+"listening-to-ok-google-queries-after-voice-recordings-leak/\">even when it "
+"is not supposed to listen</a>. Thus, when one of Google's subcontractors "
+"discloses a thousand confidential voice recordings, users were easily "
+"identified from these recordings."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <div><ul><li><p>
+msgid ""
+"Since Google “Assistant” uses proprietary software, there is no "
+"way to see or control what it records or sends."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <div><ul><li><p>
+msgid ""
+"Rather than trying to better control the use of recordings, Google should "
+"not record or listen to the person's voice. It should only get commands "
+"that the user wants to send to some Google service."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <div><ul><li><p>
+msgid ""
+"Google Chrome is an <a href=\"https://www.mercurynews.com/2019/06/21/google-";
+"chrome-has-become-surveillance-software-its-time-to-switch/\"> instrument of "
+"surveillance</a>. It lets thousands of trackers invade users' computers and "
+"report the sites they visit to advertising and data companies, first of all "
+"to Google. Moreover, if users have a Gmail account, Chrome automatically "
+"logs them in to the browser for more convenient profiling. On Android, "
+"Chrome also reports their location to Google."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <div><ul><li><p>
+msgid ""
+"The best way to escape surveillance is to switch to <a href=\"/software/"
+"icecat/\">IceCat</a>, a modified version of Firefox with several changes to "
+"protect users' privacy."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <div><ul><li><p>
+msgid ""
+"Google tracks the movements of Android phones and iPhones running Google "
+"apps, and sometimes <a href=\"https://www.nytimes.com/interactive/2019/04/13/";
+"us/google-location-tracking-police.html\"> saves the data for years</a>."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <div><ul><li><p>
+msgid ""
+"Nonfree software in the phone has to be responsible for sending the location "
+"data to Google."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <div><ul><li><p>
+msgid ""
+"Google invites people to <a href=\"https://www.commondreams.org/";
+"views/2019/02/04/google-screenwise-unwise-trade-all-your-privacy-cash?cd-"
+"origin=rss\"> let Google monitor their phone use, and all internet use in "
+"their homes, for an extravagant payment of $20</a>."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <div><ul><li><p>
+msgid ""
+"This is not a malicious functionality of a program with some other purpose; "
+"this is the software's sole purpose, and Google says so. But Google says it "
+"in a way that encourages most people to ignore the details. That, we "
+"believe, makes it fitting to list here."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <div><ul><li><p>
+msgid ""
+"An Android phone was observed to track location even while in airplane mode. "
+"It didn't send the location data while in airplane mode. Instead, <a href="
+"\"https://www.thesun.co.uk/tech/7811918/google-is-tracking-you-even-with-";
+"airplane-mode-turned-on/\"> it saved up the data, and sent them all later</"
+"a>."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <div><ul><li><p>
+msgid ""
+"Some Google apps on Android <a href=\"https://www.theguardian.com/";
+"technology/2018/aug/13/google-location-tracking-android-iphone-mobile\"> "
+"record the user's location even when users disable “location "
+"tracking”</a>."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <div><ul><li><p>
+msgid ""
+"There are other ways to turn off the other kinds of location tracking, but "
+"most users will be tricked by the misleading control."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <div><ul><li><p>
+msgid ""
+"Android tracks location for Google <a href=\"https://www.techdirt.com/";
+"articles/20171121/09030238658/investigation-finds-google-collected-location-"
+"data-even-with-location-services-turned-off.shtml\"> even when “"
+"location services” are turned off, even when the phone has no SIM "
+"card</a>."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <div><ul><li><p>
+msgid ""
+"Low-priced Chromebooks for schools are <a href=\"https://www.eff.org/wp/";
+"school-issued-devices-and-student-privacy\"> collecting far more data on "
+"students than is necessary, and store it indefinitely</a>. Parents and "
+"students complain about the lack of transparency on the part of both the "
+"educational services and the schools, the difficulty of opting out of these "
+"services, and the lack of proper privacy policies, among other things."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <div><ul><li><p>
+msgid ""
+"But complaining is not sufficient. Parents, students and teachers should "
+"realize that the software Google uses to spy on students is nonfree, so they "
+"can't verify what it really does. The only remedy is to persuade school "
+"officials to <a href=\"/education/edu-schools.html\"> exclusively use free "
+"software</a> for both education and school administration. If the school is "
+"run locally, parents and teachers can mandate their representatives at the "
+"School Board to refuse the budget unless the school initiates a switch to "
+"free software. If education is run nation-wide, they need to persuade "
+"legislators (e.g., through free software organizations, political parties, "
+"etc.) to migrate the public schools to free software."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <div><ul><li><p>
+msgid ""
+"Google's new voice messaging app <a href=\"http://www.theverge.";
+"com/2016/9/21/12994362/allo-privacy-message-logs-google\">logs all "
+"conversations</a>."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <div><ul><li><p>
+msgid ""
+"Google Play (a component of Android) <a href=\"https://www.extremetech.com/";
+"mobile/235594-yes-google-play-is-tracking-you-and-thats-just-the-tip-of-a-"
+"very-large-iceberg\"> tracks the users' movements without their permission</"
+"a>."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <div><ul><li><p>
+msgid ""
+"Even if you disable Google Maps and location tracking, you must disable "
+"Google Play itself to completely stop the tracking. This is yet another "
+"example of nonfree software pretending to obey the user, when it's actually "
+"doing something else. Such a thing would be almost unthinkable with free "
+"software."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <div><ul><li><p>
+msgid ""
+"Google Chrome makes it easy for an extension to do <a href=\"https://labs.";
+"detectify.com/2015/07/28/how-i-disabled-your-chrome-security-extensions/"
+"\">total snooping on the user's browsing</a>, and many of them do so."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <div><ul><li><p>
+msgid ""
+"Google Chrome includes a module that <a href=\"https://www.";
+"privateinternetaccess.com/blog/2015/06/google-chrome-listening-in-to-your-"
+"room-shows-the-importance-of-privacy-defense-in-depth/\"> activates "
+"microphones and transmits audio to its servers</a>."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <div><ul><li><p>
+msgid ""
+"Google Chrome <a href=\"https://www.brad-x.com/2013/08/04/google-chrome-is-";
+"spyware/\"> spies on browser history, affiliations</a>, and other installed "
+"software."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <div><ul><li><p>
+msgid ""
+"Spyware in Android phones (and Windows? laptops): The Wall Street Journal "
+"(in an article blocked from us by a paywall) reports that <a href=\"http://";
+"www.theverge.com/2013/8/1/4580718/fbi-can-remotely-activate-android-and-"
+"laptop-microphones-reports-wsj\"> the FBI can remotely activate the GPS and "
+"microphone in Android phones and laptops</a> (presumably Windows laptops). "
+"Here is <a href=\"http://cryptome.org/2013/08/fbi-hackers.htm\";>more info</"
+"a>."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <div><ul><li><p>
+msgid ""
+"Spyware is present in some Android devices when they are sold. Some "
+"Motorola phones, made when this company was owned by Google, use a modified "
+"version of Android that <a href=\"http://www.beneaththewaves.net/Projects/";
+"Motorola_Is_Listening.html\"> sends personal data to Motorola</a>."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <div><ul><li><p>
+msgid ""
+"A Motorola phone <a href=\"https://web.archive.org/web/20170629175629/http://";
+"www.itproportal.com/2013/07/25/motorolas-new-x8-arm-chip-underpinning-the-"
+"always-on-future-of-android/\"> listens for voice all the time</a>."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <div><ul><li><p>
+msgid ""
+"Google Play intentionally sends app developers <a href=\"http://gadgets.ndtv.";
+"com/apps/news/google-play-store-policy-raises-privacy-concerns-331116\"> the "
+"personal details of users that install the app</a>."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <div><ul><li><p>
+msgid ""
+"Merely asking the “consent” of users is not enough to legitimize "
+"actions like this. At this point, most users have stopped reading the "
+"“Terms and Conditions” that spell out what they are “"
+"consenting” to. Google should clearly and honestly identify the "
+"information it collects on users, instead of hiding it in an obscurely "
+"worded EULA."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <div><ul><li><p>
+msgid ""
+"However, to truly protect people's privacy, we must prevent Google and other "
+"companies from getting this personal information in the first place!"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <div><ul><li><p>
+msgid ""
+"Many web sites report all their visitors to Google by using the Google "
+"Analytics service, which <a href=\"http://www.pcworld.idg.com.au/";
+"article/434164/"
+"google_analytics_breaks_norwegian_privacy_laws_local_agency_said/\"> tells "
+"Google the IP address and the page that was visited</a>."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <div><ul><li><p>
+msgid ""
+"Google Chrome contains a key logger that <a href=\"https://web.archive.org/";
+"web/20190126075111/http://www.favbrowser.com/google-chrome-spyware-confirmed/";
+"\"> sends Google every URL typed in</a>, one key at a time."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <div><ul><li><p>
+msgid ""
+"Motorola, then owned by Google, made <a href=\"http://blog.azimuthsecurity.";
+"com/2013/04/unlocking-motorola-bootloader.html\"> Android phones that are "
+"tyrants</a> (though someone found a way to crack the restriction)."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <title>
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid "Proprietary Software - GNU Project - Free Software Foundation"
+msgid ""
+"Microsoft's Software Is Malware - GNU Project - Free Software Foundation"
+msgstr "ä¸æ软件 - GNU å·¥ç¨ - èªç±è½¯ä»¶åºéä¼"
+
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid "<a href=\"/proprietary/malware-mobiles.html\">Mobiles</a>"
+msgid ""
+"<a href=\"/proprietary/proprietary.html\">Proprietary malware</a> → "
+"Microsoft"
+msgstr "<a href=\"/proprietary/malware-mobiles.html\">ææº</a>"
+
+#. type: Content of: <div><h2>
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid "Proprietary Software Is Often Malware"
+msgid "Microsoft's Software is Malware"
+msgstr "ä¸æ软件常常æ¯æ¶æ软件"
+
+#. type: Content of: <div><div><h3>
+msgid "Types of Microsoft malware"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <div><div><ul><li>
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "<a href=\"/proprietary/proprietary-subscriptions.html\">Subscriptions</a>"
+msgid "<a href=\"#subscriptions\">Subscriptions</a>"
+msgstr "<a href=\"/proprietary/proprietary-subscriptions.html\">订é
</a>"
+
+#. type: Content of: <div><div><ul><li>
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid "<a href=\"#latest\">Latest additions</a>"
+msgid "<a href=\"#tethers\">Tethers</a>"
+msgstr "<a href=\"#latest\">ææ°æ·»å </a>"
+
+#. type: Content of: <div><ul><li><p>
+msgid ""
+"Microsoft Windows has a universal back door through which <a href=\"http://";
+"www.informationweek.com/microsoft-updates-windows-without-user-permission-"
+"apologizes/d/d-id/1059183\"> any change whatsoever can be imposed on the "
+"users</a>."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <div><ul><li><p>
+msgid ""
+"This was <a href=\"http://slated.org/";
+"windows_by_stealth_the_updates_you_dont_want\"> reported in 2007</a> for XP "
+"and Vista, and it seems that Microsoft used the same method to push the <a "
+"href=\"/proprietary/malware-microsoft.html#windows10-forcing\"> Windows 10 "
+"downgrade</a> to computers running Windows 7 and 8."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <div><ul><li><p>
+msgid ""
+"In Windows 10, the universal back door is no longer hidden; all “"
+"upgrades” will be <a href=\"http://arstechnica.com/information-";
+"technology/2015/07/windows-10-updates-to-be-automatic-and-mandatory-for-home-"
+"users/\"> forcibly and immediately imposed</a>."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <div><ul><li><p>
+msgid ""
+"Microsoft has <a href=\"https://theintercept.com/2015/12/28/recently-bought-";
+"a-windows-computer-microsoft-probably-has-your-encryption-key/\"> backdoored "
+"its disk encryption</a>."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <div><ul><li><p>
+msgid ""
+"The German government <a href=\"https://www.theregister.co.uk/2013/08/23/";
+"nsa_germany_windows_8/\">veers away from Windows 8 computers with TPM 2.0</"
+"a> (<a href=\"https://www.zeit.de/digital/datenschutz/2013-08/trusted-";
+"computing-microsoft-windows-8-nsa\">original article in German</a>), due to "
+"potential back door capabilities of the TPM 2.0 chip."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <div><ul><li><p>
+msgid ""
+"Here is a suspicion that we can't prove, but is worth thinking about: <a "
+"href=\"https://web.archive.org/web/20150206003913/http://www.afr.com/p/";
+"technology/intel_chips_could_be_nsa_key_to_ymrhS1HS1633gCWKt5tFtI\"> "
+"Writable microcode for Intel and AMD microprocessors</a> may be a vehicle "
+"for the NSA to invade computers, with the help of Microsoft, say respected "
+"security experts."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <div><ul><li><p>
+msgid ""
+"Windows 8 also has a back door for <a href=\"https://www.computerworld.com/";
+"article/2500036/microsoft--we-can-remotely-delete-windows-8-apps.html\"> "
+"remotely deleting apps</a>."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <div><ul><li><p>
+msgid ""
+"You might well decide to let a security service that you trust remotely "
+"<em>deactivate</em> programs that it considers malicious. But there is no "
+"excuse for <em>deleting</em> the programs, and you should have the right to "
+"decide whom (if anyone) to trust in this way."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <div><ul><li><p>
+msgid ""
+"Ebooks “bought” from Microsoft's store check that their DRM is "
+"valid by connecting to the store every time their “owner” wants "
+"to read them. Microsoft is going to close this store, <a href=\"https://www.";
+"bbc.com/news/technology-47810367\"> bricking all DRM'ed ebooks it has ever "
+"“sold”</a>. (The article additionally highlights the pitfalls of "
+"DRM.)"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <div><ul><li><p>
+msgid ""
+"This is another proof that a DRM-encumbered product doesn't belong to the "
+"person who bought it. Microsoft said it will refund customers, but this is "
+"no excuse for selling them restricted books."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <div><ul><li><p>
+msgid ""
+"<a href=\"http://arstechnica.com/apple/2007/08/aacs-tentacles/\";>DRM in "
+"Windows</a>, introduced to cater to <a href=\"/proprietary/proprietary-drm."
+"html#bluray\">Bluray</a> disks. (The article talks about how the same "
+"malware would later be introduced in MacOS. That had not been done at the "
+"time, but it was done subsequently.)"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <div><ul><li><p>
+msgid ""
+"Exploits of bugs in Windows, which were developed by the NSA and then leaked "
+"by the Shadowbrokers group, are now being used to <a href=\"https://";
+"theintercept.com/2017/05/12/the-nsas-lost-digital-weapon-is-helping-hijack-"
+"computers-around-the-world/\">attack a great number of Windows computers "
+"with ransomware</a>."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <div><ul><li><p>
+msgid ""
+"A <a href=\"http://www.zdnet.com/article/windows-attack-can-steal-your-";
+"username-password-and-other-logins/\">flaw in Internet Explorer and Edge</a> "
+"allows an attacker to retrieve Microsoft account credentials, if the user is "
+"tricked into visiting a malicious link."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
+msgid ""
+"This section gives examples of Microsoft software harassing or annoying the "
+"user, or causing trouble for the user. These actions are like sabotage but "
+"the word “sabotage” is too strong for them."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <div><ul><li><p>
+msgid ""
+"One version of Windows 10 <a href=\"https://www.ghacks.net/2018/09/12/";
+"microsoft-intercepting-firefox-chrome-installation-on-windows-10/\"> "
+"harangues users if they try to install Firefox (or Chrome)</a>."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <div><ul><li><p>
+msgid ""
+"Microsoft is planning to make Windows <a href=\"https://www.theguardian.com/";
+"technology/2018/mar/19/windows-10-microsoft-force-people-edge-browser-"
+"windows-mail-chrome-firefox\"> impose use of its browser, Edge, in certain "
+"circumstances</a>."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <div><ul><li><p>
+msgid ""
+"The reason Microsoft can force things on users is that Windows is nonfree."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <div><ul><li><p>
+msgid ""
+"Windows displays <a href=\"http://www.theverge.com/2017/3/17/14956540/";
+"microsoft-windows-10-ads-taskbar-file-explorer\"> intrusive ads for "
+"Microsoft products and its partners' products</a>."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <div><ul><li><p>
+msgid ""
+"The article's author starts from the premise that Microsoft has a right to "
+"control what Windows does to users, as long as it doesn't go “too "
+"far”. We disagree."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <div><ul><li><p>
+msgid ""
+"The Microsoft Telemetry Compatibility service <a href=\"https://answers.";
+"microsoft.com/en-us/windows/forum/windows_10-performance/microsoft-telemetry-"
+"compatibility/cefa7c8e-49c9-4965-aef6-2d5f01bb38f2?tab=AllReplies#tabs\"> "
+"drastically reduces the performances of machines running Windows 10</"
+"a>, and can't be disabled easily."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <div><ul><li><p>
+msgid ""
+"After <a href=\"/proprietary/malware-microsoft.html#windows10-forcing"
+"\">forcing the download of Windows 10</a> on computers that were running "
+"Windows 7 and 8, Microsoft <a href=\"https://www.computerworld.com/";
+"article/3012278/microsoft-sets-stage-for-massive-windows-10-upgrade-strategy."
+"html\"> repeatedly switched on a flag that urged users to “"
+"upgrade” to Windows 10</a> when they had turned it off, in the hope "
+"that some day they would fail to say no. To do this, Microsoft used <a href="
+"\"https://www.theregister.co.uk/2016/03/17/";
+"microsoft_windows_10_upgrade_gwx_vs_humanity/\"> malware techniques</a>."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <div><ul><li><p>
+msgid ""
+"A detailed <a href=\"https://www.eff.org/deeplinks/2016/08/windows-10-";
+"microsoft-blatantly-disregards-user-choice-and-privacy-deep-dive\"> analysis "
+"of Microsoft's scheme</a> is available on the Electronic Frontier "
+"Foundation's website."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <div><ul><li><p>
+msgid ""
+"Microsoft has made companies' Windows machines managed by the company's "
+"sysadmins <a href=\"http://www.infoworld.com/article/3042397/microsoft-";
+"windows/admins-beware-domain-attached-pcs-are-sprouting-get-windows-10-ads."
+"html\">harangue users to complain to the sysadmins about not “"
+"upgrading” to Windows 10</a>."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <div><ul><li><p>
+msgid ""
+"Microsoft has <a href=\"http://www.theverge.com/2016/1/16/10780876/microsoft-";
+"windows-support-policy-new-processors-skylake\">desupported all future Intel "
+"CPUs for Windows 7 and 8</a>. Those machines will be stuck with the nastier "
+"Windows 10. <a href=\"http://gizmodo.com/only-the-latest-version-of-windows-";
+"will-run-on-some-fut-1753545825\"> AMD and Qualcomm CPUs, too</a>."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <div><ul><li><p>
+msgid ""
+"Of course, Windows 7 and 8 are unethical too, because they are proprietary "
+"software. But this example of Microsoft's wielding its power demonstrates "
+"the power it holds."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <div><ul><li><p>
+msgid ""
+"Free software developers also stop maintaining old versions of their "
+"programs, but this is not unfair to users because the users of free software "
+"have control over it. If it is important enough to you, you and other users "
+"can hire someone to support the old version on your future platforms."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
+msgid ""
+"The wrongs in this section are not precisely malware, since they do not "
+"involve making the program that runs in a way that hurts the user. But they "
+"are a lot like malware, since they are technical Microsoft actions that harm "
+"the users of specific Microsoft software."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <div><ul><li><p>
+msgid ""
+"Microsoft has been <a href=\"https://borncity.com/win/2019/01/17/windows-10-";
+"update-kb4023057-re-released-1-16-2019/\"> force-installing a “"
+"remediation” program</a> on computers running certain versions of "
+"Windows 10. Remediation, in Microsoft's view, means <a href=\"https://";
+"support.microsoft.com/en-us/help/4023057/update-to-windows-10-"
+"versions-1507-1511-1607-1703-1709-and-1803-for-up\"> tampering with users' "
+"settings and files</a>, notably to “repair” any components of "
+"the updating system that users may have intentionally disabled, and thus "
+"regain full power over them. Microsoft repeatedly pushed faulty versions of "
+"this program to users' machines, causing numerous problems, some of which <a "
+"href=\"https://www.windowsmode.com/microsoft-suspends-windows-10-";
+"october-2018-update-rollout-due-to-critical-bugs/\"> critical</a>."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <div><ul><li><p>
+msgid ""
+"This exemplifies the arrogant and manipulative attitude that proprietary "
+"software developers have learned to adopt toward the people they are "
+"supposedly serving. Migrate to a <a href=\"/distros/free-distros.html\">free "
+"operating system</a> if you can!"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <div><ul><li><p>
+msgid ""
+"If your employer makes you run Windows, tell the financial department how "
+"this wastes your time dealing with endless connections and premature "
+"hardware failures."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <div><ul><li><p>
+msgid ""
+"Microsoft has made Windows 7 and 8 cease to function on certain new "
+"computers, <a href=\"https://support.microsoft.com/en-us/help/4012982/the-";
+"processor-is-not-supported-together-with-the-windows-version-that"
+"\">effectively forcing their owners to switch to Windows 10</a>."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <div><ul><li><p>
+msgid ""
+"Microsoft <a href=\"https://arstechnica.com/information-technology/2017/04/";
+"new-processors-are-now-blocked-from-receiving-updates-on-old-windows/\"> has "
+"dropped support for Windows 7 and 8 on recent processors</a> in a big hurry."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <div><ul><li><p>
+msgid ""
+"It makes no difference what legitimate reasons Microsoft might have for not "
+"doing work to support them. If it doesn't want to do this work, it should "
+"let users do the work."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <div><ul><li><p>
+msgid ""
+"In its efforts to trick users of Windows 7 and 8 into installing all-spying "
+"Windows 10 against their will, Microsoft forced their computers to <a href="
+"\"https://www.theguardian.com/technology/2015/sep/11/microsoft-downloading-";
+"windows-1\"> silently download… the whole of Windows 10</a>! "
+"Apparently, this was done through a <a href=\"/proprietary/proprietary-back-"
+"doors.html#windows-update\"> universal back door</a>. Not only did the "
+"unwanted downloads <a href=\"https://www.theregister.co.uk/2016/06/03/";
+"windows_10_upgrade_satellite_link/\"> jeopardize important operations in "
+"regions of the world with poor connectivity</a>, but many of the people who "
+"let installation proceed found out that this “upgrade” was in "
+"fact a <a href=\"http://gizmodo.com/woman-wins-10-000-from-microsoft-after-";
+"unwanted-window-1782666146\"> downgrade</a>."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <div><ul><li><p>
+msgid ""
+"Once Microsoft has tricked a user into accepting installation of Windows 10, "
+"<a href=\"https://www.theregister.co.uk/2016/06/01/";
+"windows_10_nagware_no_way_out/\">they find that they are denied the option "
+"to cancel or even postpone the imposed date of installation</a>."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <div><ul><li><p>
+msgid ""
+"This demonstrates what we've said for years: using proprietary software "
+"means letting someone have power over you, and you're going to get screwed "
+"sooner or later."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <div><ul><li><p>
+msgid ""
+"FTDI's proprietary driver for its USB-to-serial chips has been designed to "
+"<a href=\"http://arstechnica.com/information-technology/2014/10/windows-";
+"update-drivers-bricking-usb-serial-chips-beloved-of-hardware-hackers/"
+"\">sabotage alternative compatible chips</a> so that they no longer work. "
+"Microsoft is <a href=\"http://it.slashdot.org/story/16/01/31/1720259/ftdi-";
+"driver-breaks-hardware-again\">installing this automatically</a> as an "
+"“upgrade”."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <div><ul><li><p>
+msgid ""
+"Windows 10 “upgrades” <a href=\"http://www.ghacks.net/2015/11/24/";
+"beware-latest-windows-10-update-may-remove-programs-automatically/\"> delete "
+"applications</a> without asking permission."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <div><ul><li><p>
+msgid ""
+"<a href=\"https://www.computerworlduk.com/it-business/windows-xp-end-of-an-";
+"era-end-of-an-error-3569489/\">Microsoft cut off security fixes for Windows "
+"XP, except to some big users that pay exorbitantly</a>."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <div><ul><li><p>
+msgid ""
+"Microsoft is going to <a href=\"https://web.archive.org/web/20181030194725/";
+"https://www.computerworlduk.com/applications/more-than-half-of-all-ie-users-";
+"face-patch-axe-in-10-months-3605515/\"> cut off support for some Internet "
+"Explorer versions</a> in the same way."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <div><ul><li><p>
+msgid ""
+"A person or company has the right to cease to work on a particular program; "
+"the wrong here is Microsoft does this after having made the users dependent "
+"on Microsoft, because they are not free to ask anyone else to work on the "
+"program for them."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <div><ul><li><p>
+msgid ""
+"<a href=\"https://web.archive.org/web/20130622044225/http://blogs.";
+"computerworlduk.com/open-enterprise/2013/06/how-can-any-company-ever-trust-"
+"microsoft-again/index.htm\">Microsoft informs the NSA of bugs in Windows "
+"before fixing them</a>."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <div><h3>
+msgid "Subscriptions"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <div><ul><li><p>
+msgid ""
+"Microsoft Office forces users <a href=\"https://www.computerworld.com/";
+"article/2948755/office-for-windows-10-will-require-office-365-subscription-"
+"on-pcs-larger-tablets.html\">to subscribe to Office 365 to be able to create/"
+"edit documents</a>."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <div><ul><li><p>
+msgid ""
+"Skype refuses to say whether it can <a href=\"http://www.slate.com/blogs/";
+"future_tense/2012/07/20/"
+"skype_won_t_comment_on_whether_it_can_now_eavesdrop_on_conversations_.html"
+"\">eavesdrop on calls</a>."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <div><ul><li><p>
+msgid "That almost certainly means it can do so."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <div><ul><li><p>
+msgid ""
+"Windows 10 telemetry program sends information to Microsoft about the user's "
+"computer and their use of the computer."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <div><ul><li><p>
+msgid ""
+"Furthermore, for users who installed the fourth stable build of Windows 10, "
+"called the “Creators Update,” Windows maximized the surveillance "
+"<a href=\"https://arstechnica.com/gadgets/2017/10/dutch-privacy-regulator-";
+"says-that-windows-10-breaks-the-law\"> by force setting the telemetry mode "
+"to “Full”</a>."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <div><ul><li><p>
+msgid ""
+"The <a href=\"https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/windows/privacy/configure-";
+"windows-diagnostic-data-in-your-organization#full-level\"> “"
+"Full” telemetry mode</a> allows Microsoft Windows engineers to access, "
+"among other things, registry keys <a href=\"https://technet.microsoft.com/en-";
+"us/library/cc939702.aspx\">which can contain sensitive information like "
+"administrator's login password</a>."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <div><ul><li><p>
+msgid ""
+"DRM-restricted files can be used to <a href=\"https://yro.slashdot.org/";
+"story/17/02/02/231229/windows-drm-protected-files-used-to-decloak-tor-"
+"browser-users\"> identify people browsing through Tor</a>. The vulnerability "
+"exists only if you use Windows."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <div><ul><li><p>
+msgid ""
+"By default, Windows 10 <a href=\"http://betanews.com/2016/11/24/microsoft-";
+"shares-windows-10-telemetry-data-with-third-parties\">sends debugging "
+"information to Microsoft, including core dumps</a>. Microsoft now "
+"distributes them to another company."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <div><ul><li><p>
+msgid ""
+"In order to increase Windows 10's install base, Microsoft <a class=\"not-a-"
+"duplicate\" href=\"https://www.eff.org/deeplinks/2016/08/windows-10-";
+"microsoft-blatantly-disregards-user-choice-and-privacy-deep-dive\"> "
+"blatantly disregards user choice and privacy</a>."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <div><ul><li><p>
+msgid ""
+"<a href=\"https://duo.com/blog/bring-your-own-dilemma-oem-laptops-and-";
+"windows-10-security\"> Windows 10 comes with 13 screens of snooping options</"
+"a>, all enabled by default, and turning them off would be daunting to most "
+"users."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <div><ul><li><p>
+msgid ""
+"It appears <a href=\"http://www.ghacks.net/2016/01/05/microsoft-may-be-";
+"collecting-more-data-than-initially-thought/\"> Windows 10 sends data to "
+"Microsoft about what applications are running</a>."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <div><ul><li><p>
+msgid ""
+"A downgrade to Windows 10 deleted surveillance-detection applications. Then "
+"another downgrade inserted a general spying program. Users noticed this and "
+"complained, so Microsoft renamed it <a href=\"https://www.theregister.co.";
+"uk/2015/11/26/microsoft_renamed_data_slurper_reinserted_windows_10/\"> to "
+"give users the impression it was gone</a>."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <div><ul><li><p>
+msgid "To use proprietary software is to invite such treatment."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <div><ul><li><p>
+msgid ""
+"<a href=\"http://arstechnica.com/information-technology/2015/08/even-when-";
+"told-not-to-windows-10-just-cant-stop-talking-to-microsoft/\"> Windows 10 "
+"sends identifiable information to Microsoft</a>, even if a user turns off "
+"its Bing search and Cortana features, and activates the privacy-protection "
+"settings."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <div><ul><li><p>
+msgid ""
+"Windows 10 <a href=\"https://web.archive.org/web/20180923125732/https://";
+"jonathan.porta.codes/2015/07/30/windows-10-seems-to-have-some-scary-privacy-"
+"defaults/\"> ships with default settings that show no regard for the privacy "
+"of its users</a>, giving Microsoft the “right” to snoop on the "
+"users' files, text input, voice input, location info, contacts, calendar "
+"records and web browsing history, as well as automatically connecting the "
+"machines to open hotspots and showing targeted ads."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <div><ul><li><p>
+msgid ""
+"We can suppose Microsoft look at users' files for the US government on "
+"demand, though the “privacy policy” does not explicitly say so. "
+"Will it look at users' files for the Chinese government on demand?"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <div><ul><li><p>
+msgid ""
+"Microsoft uses Windows 10's “privacy policy” to overtly impose a "
+"“right” to look at users' files at any time. Windows 10 full "
+"disk encryption <a href=\"https://edri.org/microsofts-new-small-print-how-";
+"your-personal-data-abused/\"> gives Microsoft a key</a>."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <div><ul><li><p>
+msgid ""
+"Thus, Windows is overt malware in regard to surveillance, as in other issues."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <div><ul><li><p>
+msgid ""
+"We can suppose Microsoft look at users' files for the US government on "
+"demand, though the “privacy policy” does not explicit say so. "
+"Will it look at users' files for the Chinese government on demand?"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <div><ul><li><p>
+msgid ""
+"The unique “advertising ID” for each user enables other "
+"companies to track the browsing of each specific user."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <div><ul><li><p>
+msgid ""
+"It's as if Microsoft has deliberately chosen to make Windows 10 maximally "
+"evil on every dimension; to make a grab for total power over anyone that "
+"doesn't drop Windows now."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <div><ul><li><p>
+msgid ""
+"It only gets worse with time. <a href=\"http://www.techworm.net/2014/10/";
+"microsofts-windows-10-permission-watch-every-move.html\"> Windows 10 "
+"requires users to give permission for total snooping</a>, including their "
+"files, their commands, their text input, and their voice input."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <div><ul><li><p>
+msgid ""
+"<a href=\"https://web.archive.org/web/20190421070310/https://www.itproportal.";
+"com/2014/05/14/microsoft-openly-offered-cloud-data-fbi-and-nsa/\"> Microsoft "
+"SkyDrive allows the NSA to directly examine users' data</a>."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <div><ul><li><p>
+msgid ""
+"Skype contains <a href=\"https://web.archive.org/web/20130928235637/http://";
+"www.forbes.com/sites/petercohan/2013/06/20/project-chess-how-u-s-snoops-on-"
+"your-skype/\">spyware</a>. Microsoft changed Skype <a href=\"http://www.";
+"guardian.co.uk/world/2013/jul/11/microsoft-nsa-collaboration-user-data\"> "
+"specifically for spying</a>."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <div><ul><li><p>
+msgid ""
+"Spyware in older versions of Windows: <a href=\"https://www.theregister.co.";
+"uk/2003/02/28/windows_update_keeps_tabs/\"> Windows Update snoops on the "
+"user</a>. <a href=\"https://www.infoworld.com/article/2611451/a-look-at-the-";
+"black-underbelly-of-windows-8-1--blue-.html\"> Windows 8.1 snoops on local "
+"searches</a>. And there's a <a href=\"http://www.marketoracle.co.uk/";
+"Article40836.html\"> secret NSA key in Windows</a>, whose functions we don't "
+"know."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <div><h3>
+msgid "Tethers"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "<em>Tether:</em> functionality that requires permanent (or very "
+#| "frequent) connection to a server."
+msgid ""
+"Tethers are functionalities that require constant (or very frequent) "
+"connection to a server."
+msgstr "<em>æç¼ï¼</em> éè¦æ°¸ä¹
ï¼æé常é¢ç¹ï¼è¿æ¥å°æå¡å¨çåè½ã"
+
+#. type: Content of: <div><ul><li><p>
+msgid ""
+"The recent versions of Microsoft Office require the user to <a href="
+"\"https://products.office.com/en-us/microsoft-office-for-home-and-school-faq?";
+"legRedir=true&CorrelationId=c9c5b549-11ad-4f71-bf81-b7e069fdb372\"> "
+"connect to Microsoft servers at least every thirty-one days</a>. Otherwise, "
+"the software will refuse to edit any documents or create new ones. It will "
+"be restricted to viewing and printing."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <div><ul><li><p>
+msgid ""
+"Windows 10 S was a jail: <a href=\"https://www.theguardian.com/";
+"technology/2017/may/03/windows-10-s-microsoft-faster-pc-comparison\"> only "
+"programs from the Windows Store could be installed and executed</a>. It was "
+"however possible to <a href=\"https://www.theverge.com/2017/6/13/15789998/";
+"microsoft-windows-10-s-upgrade-windows-10-pro-guide\"> upgrade to Windows 10 "
+"Pro</a>. The successor of Windows 10 S is a special configuration of Windows "
+"10 called <a href=\"https://support.microsoft.com/en-gb/help/4020089/";
+"windows-10-in-s-mode-faq\"> S mode</a>. The major difference with Windows 10 "
+"S is that there is an easy way to switch out of S mode."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <div><ul><li><p>
+msgid ""
+"<a href=\"https://www.itworld.com/article/2832657/microsoft-metro-app-store-";
+"lock-down.html\"> Windows 8 on “mobile devices” (now defunct) "
+"was a jail</a>."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <div><ul><li><p>
+msgid ""
+"Microsoft accidentally left a way for users to install GNU/Linux on Windows "
+"RT tablets, but now it has <a href=\"http://www.securitynewspaper.";
+"com/2016/07/15/microsoft-silently-kills-dev-backdoor-boots-linux-locked-"
+"windows-rt-slabs/\"> “fixed” the “error”</a>. They "
+"have the gall to call this “protecting” the users. The article "
+"talks of installing “Linux”, but the context shows it is really "
+"<a href=\"/gnu/linux-and-gnu.html\">GNU/Linux</a> that users install."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <div><ul><li><p>
+msgid ""
+"<a href=\"https://fsf.org/campaigns/secure-boot-vs-restricted-boot/\";> "
+"Mobile devices that come with Windows 8 are tyrants</a>."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
+msgid ""
+"As this page shows, if you do want to clean your computer of malware, the "
+"first software to delete is Windows."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "Copyright © 2013, 2014, 2015, 2016, 2017, 2018, 2019, 2020 Free "
+#| "Software Foundation, Inc."
+msgid ""
+"Copyright © 2014, 2015, 2016, 2017, 2018, 2019 Free Software "
+"Foundation, Inc."
+msgstr ""
+"Copyright © 2013, 2014, 2015, 2016, 2017, 2018, 2019, 2020 Free "
+"Software Foundation, Inc."
+
+#. type: Content of: <title>
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid "Proprietary Software - GNU Project - Free Software Foundation"
+msgid "Malware in Mobile Devices - GNU Project - Free Software Foundation"
+msgstr "ä¸æ软件 - GNU å·¥ç¨ - èªç±è½¯ä»¶åºéä¼"
+
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid "<a href=\"/proprietary/malware-mobiles.html\">Mobiles</a>"
+msgid ""
+"<a href=\"/proprietary/proprietary.html\">Proprietary malware</a> → "
+"Mobiles"
+msgstr "<a href=\"/proprietary/malware-mobiles.html\">ææº</a>"
+
+#. type: Content of: <div><h2>
+msgid "Malware in Mobile Devices"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <div><div><p>
+msgid ""
+"Nearly all mobile phones do two grievous wrongs to their users: tracking "
+"their movements, and listening to their conversations. This is why we call "
+"them “Stalin's dream”."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <div><div><p>
+msgid ""
+"The malware we list here is present in every phone, or in software that is "
+"not made by Apple or Google (including its subsidiaries). Malicious "
+"functionalities in mobile software released by Apple or Google are listed in "
+"dedicated pages, <a href=\"/proprietary/malware-apple.html\">Apple's "
+"Operating Systems are Malware</a> and <a href=\"/proprietary/malware-google."
+"html\">Google's Software Is Malware</a> respectively."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <div><ul><li><p>
+msgid ""
+"The phone network <a href=\"https://ssd.eff.org/en/module/problem-mobile-";
+"phones\"> tracks the movements of each phone</a>."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <div><ul><li><p>
+msgid ""
+"This is inherent in the design of the phone network: as long as the phone is "
+"in communication with the network, there is no way to stop the network from "
+"recording its location. Many countries (including the US and the EU) "
+"require the network to store all these location data for months or years."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <div><ul><li><p>
+msgid ""
+"Almost every phone's communication processor has a universal back door which "
+"is <a href=\"https://www.schneier.com/blog/archives/2006/12/";
+"remotely_eavesd_1.html\"> often used to make a phone transmit all "
+"conversations it hears</a>."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <div><ul><li><p>
+msgid ""
+"The back door <a class=\"not-a-duplicate\" href=\"http://www.osnews.com/";
+"story/27416/The_second_operating_system_hiding_in_every_mobile_phone\"> may "
+"take the form of bugs that have gone 20 years unfixed</a>. The choice to "
+"leave the security holes in place is morally equivalent to writing a back "
+"door."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <div><ul><li><p>
+msgid ""
+"The back door is in the “modem processor”, whose job is to "
+"communicate with the radio network. In most phones, the modem processor "
+"controls the microphone. In most phones it has the power to rewrite the "
+"software for the main processor too."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <div><ul><li><p>
+msgid ""
+"A few phone models are specially designed so that the modem processor does "
+"not control the microphone, and so that it can't change the software in the "
+"main processor. They still have the back door, but at least it is unable to "
+"turn the phone unto a listening device."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <div><ul><li><p>
+msgid ""
+"The universal back door is apparently also used to make phones <a href="
+"\"http://www.slate.com/blogs/future_tense/2013/07/22/";
+"nsa_can_reportedly_track_cellphones_even_when_they_re_turned_off.html\"> "
+"transmit even when they are turned off</a>. This means their movements are "
+"tracked, and may also make the listening feature work."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <div><div><h3>
+msgid "Types of malware in mobiles"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <div><div><ul><li>
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid "<a href=\"/proprietary/proprietary-deception.html\">Deception</a>"
+msgid "<a href=\"#deception\">Deception</a>"
+msgstr "<a href=\"/proprietary/proprietary-deception.html\">欺éª</a>"
+
+#. type: Content of: <div><ul><li><p>
+msgid ""
+"See above for the <a href=\"#universal-back-door-phone-modem\">general "
+"universal back door</a> in essentially all mobile phones, which permits "
+"converting them into full-time listening devices."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <div><ul><li><p>
+msgid ""
+"Android phones subsidized by the US government come with <a href=\"https://";
+"arstechnica.com/information-technology/2020/01/us-government-funded-android-"
+"phones-come-preinstalled-with-unremovable-malware/\"> preinstalled adware "
+"and a back door for forcing installation of apps</a>."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <div><ul><li><p>
+msgid ""
+"The adware is in a modified version of an essential system configuration "
+"app. The back door is a surreptitious addition to a program whose stated "
+"purpose is to be a <a href=\"https://www.zdnet.com/article/unremovable-";
+"malware-found-preinstalled-on-low-end-smartphone-sold-in-the-us/\"> "
+"universal back door for firmware</a>."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <div><ul><li><p>
+msgid ""
+"In other words, a program whose raison d'être is malicious has a secret "
+"secondary malicious purpose. All this is in addition to the malware of "
+"Android itself."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <div><ul><li><p>
+msgid ""
+"A very popular app found in the Google Play store contained a module that "
+"was designed to <a href=\"https://arstechnica.com/information-";
+"technology/2019/08/google-play-app-with-100-million-downloads-executed-"
+"secret-payloads/\">secretly install malware on the user's computer</a>. The "
+"app developers regularly used it to make the computer download and execute "
+"any code they wanted."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <div><ul><li><p>
+msgid ""
+"This is a concrete example of what users are exposed to when they run "
+"nonfree apps. They can never be completely sure that a nonfree app is safe."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <div><ul><li><p>
+msgid ""
+"Xiaomi phones come with <a href=\"https://web.archive.org/web/20190424082647/";
+"http://blog.thijsbroenink.com/2016/09/xiaomis-analytics-app-reverse-";
+"engineered/\"> a universal back door in the application processor, for "
+"Xiaomi's use</a>."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <div><ul><li><p>
+msgid ""
+"This is separate from <a href=\"#universal-back-door-phone-modem\">the "
+"universal back door in the modem processor that the local phone company can "
+"use</a>."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <div><ul><li><p>
+msgid ""
+"Baidu's proprietary Android library, Moplus, has a back door that <a href="
+"\"https://www.eff.org/deeplinks/2015/11/millions-android-devices-vulnerable-";
+"remote-hijacking-baidu-wrote-code-google-made\"> can “upload "
+"files” as well as forcibly install apps</a>."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <div><ul><li><p>
+msgid "It is used by 14,000 Android applications."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <div><ul><li><p>
+msgid ""
+"<a href=\"http://www.theguardian.com/technology/2014/dec/18/chinese-android-";
+"phones-coolpad-hacker-backdoor\"> A Chinese version of Android has a "
+"universal back door</a>. Nearly all models of mobile phones have a <a href="
+"\"#universal-back-door-phone-modem\"> universal back door in the modem chip</"
+"a>. So why did Coolpad bother to introduce another? Because this one is "
+"controlled by Coolpad."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <div><ul><li><p>
+msgid ""
+"<a href=\"https://www.fsf.org/blogs/community/replicant-developers-find-and-";
+"close-samsung-galaxy-backdoor\"> Samsung Galaxy devices running proprietary "
+"Android versions come with a back door</a> that provides remote access to "
+"the files stored on the device."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <div><h3>
+msgid "Deception"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <div><ul><li><p>
+msgid ""
+"Many Android apps fool their users by asking them to decide what permissions "
+"to give the program, and then <a href=\"https://nakedsecurity.sophos.";
+"com/2019/07/10/android-apps-sidestepping-permissions-to-access-sensitive-"
+"data/\"> bypassing these permissions</a>."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <div><ul><li><p>
+msgid ""
+"The Android system is supposed to prevent data leaks by running apps in "
+"isolated sandboxes, but developers have found ways to access the data by "
+"other means, and there is nothing the user can do to stop them from doing "
+"so, since both the system and the apps are nonfree."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <div><ul><li><p>
+msgid ""
+"The Netflix Android app <a href=\"http://torrentfreak.com/netflix-cracks-";
+"down-on-vpn-and-proxy-pirates-150103/\"> forces the use of Google DNS</a>. "
+"This is one of the methods that Netflix uses to enforce the geolocation "
+"restrictions dictated by the movie studios."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <div><ul><li><p>
+msgid ""
+"Out of 21 gratis Android antivirus apps that were tested by security "
+"researchers, eight <a href=\"https://www.comparitech.com/antivirus/android-";
+"antivirus-vulnerabilities/\"> failed to detect a test virus</a>. All of them "
+"asked for dangerous permissions or contained advertising trackers, with "
+"seven being more risky than the average of the 100 most popular Android apps."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <div><ul><li><p>
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "<small>Note: this article uses the word “free” in the sense "
+#| "of “gratis.”</small>"
+msgid ""
+"<small>(Note that the article refers to these proprietary apps as “"
+"free”. It should have said “gratis” instead.)</small>"
+msgstr "<small>注ï¼è¿ç¯æç« ä¸âfreeâçæææ¯âå
è´¹çâã</small>"
+
+#. type: Content of: <div><ul><li><p>
+msgid ""
+"Siri, Alexa, and all the other voice-control systems can be <a href="
+"\"https://www.fastcodesign.com/90139019/a-simple-design-flaw-makes-it-";
+"astoundingly-easy-to-hack-siri-and-alexa\"> hijacked by programs that play "
+"commands in ultrasound that humans can't hear</a>."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <div><ul><li><p>
+msgid ""
+"Some Samsung phones randomly <a href=\"https://www.theverge.com/";
+"circuitbreaker/2018/7/2/17528076/samsung-phones-text-rcs-update-messages"
+"\">send photos to people in the owner's contact list</a>."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <div><ul><li><p>
+msgid ""
+"Many Android devices <a href=\"https://arstechnica.com/security/2017/04/wide-";
+"range-of-android-phones-vulnerable-to-device-hijacks-over-wi-fi/\"> can be "
+"hijacked through their Wi-Fi chips</a> because of a bug in Broadcom's non-"
+"free firmware."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <div><ul><li><p>
+msgid ""
+"Samsung phones <a href=\"https://www.bleepingcomputer.com/news/security/sms-";
+"exploitable-bug-in-samsung-galaxy-phones-can-be-used-for-ransomware-attacks/"
+"\">have a security hole that allows an SMS message to install ransomware</a>."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <div><ul><li><p>
+msgid ""
+"WhatsApp has a feature that <a href=\"https://techcrunch.com/2017/01/13/";
+"encrypted-messaging-platform-whatsapp-denies-backdoor-claim/\"> has been "
+"described as a “back door”</a> because it would enable "
+"governments to nullify its encryption."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <div><ul><li><p>
+msgid ""
+"The developers say that it wasn't intended as a back door, and that may well "
+"be true. But that leaves the crucial question of whether it functions as "
+"one. Because the program is nonfree, we cannot check by studying it."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <div><ul><li><p>
+msgid ""
+"<a href=\"https://techcrunch.com/2016/07/29/research-shows-deleted-whatsapp-";
+"messages-arent-actually-deleted/\">“Deleted” WhatsApp messages "
+"are not entirely deleted</a>. They can be recovered in various ways."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <div><ul><li><p>
+msgid ""
+"A half-blind security critique of a tracking app: it found that <a href="
+"\"http://www.consumerreports.org/mobile-security-software/glow-pregnancy-app-";
+"exposed-women-to-privacy-threats/\"> blatant flaws allowed anyone to snoop "
+"on a user's personal data</a>. The critique fails entirely to express "
+"concern that the app sends the personal data to a server, where the "
+"<em>developer</em> gets it all. This “service” is for suckers!"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <div><ul><li><p>
+msgid ""
+"The server surely has a “privacy policy,” and surely it is "
+"worthless since nearly all of them are."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <div><ul><li><p>
+msgid ""
+"A bug in a proprietary ASN.1 library, used in cell phone towers as well as "
+"cell phones and routers, <a href=\"http://arstechnica.com/security/2016/07/";
+"software-flaw-puts-mobile-phones-and-networks-at-risk-of-complete-takeover"
+"\">allows taking control of those systems</a>."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <div><ul><li><p>
+msgid ""
+"Many proprietary payment apps <a href=\"http://www.bloomberg.com/news/";
+"articles/2016-03-10/many-mobile-payments-startups-aren-t-properly-securing-"
+"user-data\">transmit personal data in an insecure way</a>. However, the "
+"worse aspect of these apps is that <a href=\"/philosophy/surveillance-vs-"
+"democracy.html\">payment is not anonymous</a>."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <div><ul><li><p>
+msgid ""
+"<a href=\"http://phys.org/news/2015-05-app-vulnerability-threatens-millions-";
+"users.html\"> Many smartphone apps use insecure authentication methods when "
+"storing your personal data on remote servers</a>. This leaves personal "
+"information like email addresses, passwords, and health information "
+"vulnerable. Because many of these apps are proprietary it makes it hard to "
+"impossible to know which apps are at risk."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <div><ul><li><p>
+msgid ""
+"An app to prevent “identity theft” (access to personal data) by "
+"storing users' data on a special server <a href=\"http://arstechnica.com/";
+"tech-policy/2014/05/id-theft-protector-lifelock-deletes-user-data-over-"
+"concerns-that-app-isnt-safe/\">was deactivated by its developer</a> which "
+"had discovered a security flaw."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <div><ul><li><p>
+msgid ""
+"That developer seems to be conscientious about protecting personal data from "
+"third parties in general, but it can't protect that data from the state. "
+"Quite the contrary: confiding your data to someone else's server, if not "
+"first encrypted by you with free software, undermines your rights."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <div><ul><li><p>
+msgid ""
+"The <a href=\"http://arstechnica.com/security/2014/02/crypto-weaknesses-in-";
+"whatsapp-the-kind-of-stuff-the-nsa-would-love/\">insecurity of WhatsApp</a> "
+"makes eavesdropping a snap."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
+msgid ""
+"This section gives examples of mobile apps harassing or annoying the user, "
+"or causing trouble for the user. These actions are like sabotage but the "
+"word “sabotage” is too strong for them."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <div><ul><li><p>
+msgid ""
+"Samsung phones come preloaded with <a href=\"https://www.bloomberg.com/news/";
+"articles/2019-01-08/samsung-phone-users-get-a-shock-they-can-t-delete-"
+"facebook\"> a version of the Facebook app that can't be deleted</a>. <a href="
+"\"https://www.infopackets.com/news/10484/truth-behind-undeletable-facebook-";
+"app\"> Facebook claims this is a stub</a> which doesn't do anything, but we "
+"have to take their word for it, and there is the permanent risk that the app "
+"will be activated by an automatic update."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <div><ul><li><p>
+msgid ""
+"Preloading crapware along with a nonfree operating system is common "
+"practice, but by making the crapware undeletable, Facebook and Samsung (<a "
+"class=\"not-a-duplicate\" href=\"https://www.bloomberg.com/news/";
+"articles/2019-01-08/samsung-phone-users-get-a-shock-they-can-t-delete-"
+"facebook\">among others</a>) are going one step further in their hijacking "
+"of users' devices."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <div><ul><li><p>
+msgid ""
+"The Femm “fertility” app is secretly a <a href=\"https://www.";
+"theguardian.com/world/2019/may/30/revealed-womens-fertility-app-is-funded-by-"
+"anti-abortion-campaigners\"> tool for propaganda</a> by natalist "
+"Christians. It spreads distrust for contraception."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <div><ul><li><p>
+msgid "It snoops on users, too, as you must expect from nonfree programs."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <div><ul><li><p>
+msgid ""
+"Twenty nine “beauty camera” apps that used to be on Google Play "
+"had one or more malicious functionalities, such as stealing users' photos "
+"instead of “beautifying” them, <a href=\"https://www.";
+"teleanalysis.com/news/national/these-29-beauty-camera-apps-steal-private-"
+"photo-29923\">pushing unwanted and often malicious ads on users, and "
+"redirecting them to phishing sites</a> that stole their credentials. "
+"Furthermore, the user interface of most of them was designed to make "
+"uninstallation difficult."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <div><ul><li><p>
+msgid ""
+"Users should of course uninstall these dangerous apps if they haven't yet, "
+"but they should also stay away from nonfree apps in general. <em>All</em> "
+"nonfree apps carry a potential risk because there is no easy way of knowing "
+"what they really do."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <div><ul><li><p>
+msgid ""
+"See above for the general universal back door in essentially all mobile "
+"phones, which permits converting them into <a class=\"not-a-duplicate\" href="
+"\"#universal-back-door-phone-modem\"> full-time listening devices</a>."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <div><ul><li><p>
+msgid ""
+"The Alipay Health Code app estimates whether the user has Covid-19 and <a "
+"href=\"https://www.nytimes.com/2020/03/01/business/china-coronavirus-";
+"surveillance.html\"> tells the cops directly</a>."
+msgstr ""
+"æ¯ä»å®å¥åº·ç åºç¨è¯ä¼°ä½¿ç¨è
æ¯å¦æ Covid-19 ç
æ¯å¹¶ <a
href=\"https://www.";
+"nytimes.com/2020/03/01/business/china-coronavirus-surveillance.html\">ç´æ¥å"
+"è¯è¦æ¹</a>ã"
+
+#. type: Content of: <div><ul><li><p>
+msgid ""
+"The ToToc messaging app seems to be a <a href=\"https://www.nytimes.";
+"com/2019/12/22/us/politics/totok-app-uae.html\"> spying tool for the "
+"government of the United Arab Emirates</a>. Any nonfree program could be "
+"doing this, and that is a good reason to use free software instead."
+msgstr ""
+"ä¿¡æ¯åºç¨ ToToc ä¼¼ä¹æ¯ä¸ä¸ª<a
href=\"https://www.nytimes.com/2019/12/22/us/";
+"politics/totok-app-uae.html\">é¿æ伯èåé
é¿å½æ¿åºçé´è°å·¥å
·</a>ãä»»ä½éèªç±"
+"ç¨åºé½å¯ä»¥è¿æ
·åï¼è¿æ¯æ¹ç¨èªç±è½¯ä»¶çä¸ä¸ªå¾å¥½ççç±ã"
+
+#. type: Content of: <div><ul><li><p>
+msgid ""
+"<small>Note: this article uses the word “free” in the sense of "
+"“gratis.”</small>"
+msgstr "<small>注ï¼è¿ç¯æç« ä¸âfreeâçæææ¯âå
è´¹çâã</small>"
+
+#. type: Content of: <div><ul><li><p>
+msgid ""
+"iMonsters and Android phones, when used for work, give employers powerful <a "
+"href=\"https://www.fastcompany.com/90440073/if-you-use-your-personal-phone-";
+"for-work-say-goodbye-to-your-privacy\"> snooping and sabotage capabilities</"
+"a> if they install their own software on the device. Many employers demand "
+"to do this. For the employee, this is simply nonfree software, as "
+"fundamentally unjust and as dangerous as any other nonfree software."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <div><ul><li><p>
+msgid ""
+"The Facebook app <a href=\"https://eu.usatoday.com/story/tech/";
+"talkingtech/2019/09/09/facebook-app-social-network-tracking-your-every-"
+"move/2270305001/\"> tracks users even when it is turned off</a>, after "
+"tricking them into giving the app broad permissions in order to use one of "
+"its functionalities."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <div><ul><li><p>
+msgid ""
+"Some nonfree period-tracking apps including MIA Fem and Maya <a href="
+"\"https://www.buzzfeednews.com/article/meghara/period-tracker-apps-facebook-";
+"maya-mia-fem\"> send intimate details of users' lives to Facebook</a>."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <div><ul><li><p>
+msgid ""
+"Keeping track of who downloads a proprietary program is a form of "
+"surveillance. There is a proprietary program for adjusting a certain "
+"telescopic rifle sight. <a href=\"https://www.forbes.com/sites/";
+"thomasbrewster/2019/09/06/exclusive-feds-demand-apple-and-google-hand-over-"
+"names-of-10000-users-of-a-gun-scope-app/\"> A US prosecutor has demanded the "
+"list of all the 10,000 or more people who have installed it</a>."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <div><ul><li><p>
+msgid "With a free program there would not be a list of who has installed it."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <div><ul><li><p>
+msgid ""
+"Many unscrupulous mobile-app developers keep finding ways to <a href="
+"\"https://www.cnet.com/news/more-than-1000-android-apps-harvest-your-data-";
+"even-after-you-deny-permissions/\"> bypass user's settings</a>, regulations, "
+"and privacy-enhancing features of the operating system, in order to gather "
+"as much private data as they possibly can."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <div><ul><li><p>
+msgid ""
+"Thus, we can't trust rules against spying. What we can trust is having "
+"control over the software we run."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <div><ul><li><p>
+msgid ""
+"BlizzCon 2019 imposed a <a href=\"https://arstechnica.com/gaming/2019/05/";
+"blizzcon-2019-tickets-revolve-around-invasive-poorly-reviewed-smartphone-app/"
+"\"> requirement to run a proprietary phone app</a> to be allowed into the "
+"event."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <div><ul><li><p>
+msgid ""
+"This app is a spyware that can snoop on a lot of sensitive data, including "
+"user's location and contact list, and has <a href=\"https://old.reddit.com/r/";
+"wow/comments/bkd5ew/you_need_to_have_a_phone_to_attend_blizzcon_this/emg38xv/"
+"\"> near-complete control</a> over the phone."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <div><ul><li><p>
+msgid ""
+"Data collected by menstrual and pregnancy monitoring apps is often <a href="
+"\"https://www.theguardian.com/world/2019/apr/13/theres-a-dark-side-to-womens-";
+"health-apps-menstrual-surveillance\"> available to employers and insurance "
+"companies</a>. Even though the data is “anonymized and aggregated,"
+"” it can easily be traced back to the woman who uses the app."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <div><ul><li><p>
+msgid ""
+"This has harmful implications for women's rights to equal employment and "
+"freedom to make their own pregnancy choices. Don't use these apps, even if "
+"someone offers you a reward to do so. A free-software app that does more or "
+"less the same thing without spying on you is available from <a href="
+"\"https://search.f-droid.org/?q=menstr\";>F-Droid</a>, and <a href=\"https://";
+"www.bloomberg.com/news/audio/2019-04-10/building-a-better-period-tracking-"
+"app-podcast\"> a new one is being developed</a>."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <div><ul><li><p>
+msgid ""
+"Many Android phones come with a huge number of <a href=\"https://elpais.com/";
+"elpais/2019/03/22/inenglish/1553244778_819882.html\"> preinstalled nonfree "
+"apps that have access to sensitive data without users' knowledge</a>. These "
+"hidden apps may either call home with the data, or pass it on to user-"
+"installed apps that have access to the network but no direct access to the "
+"data. This results in massive surveillance on which the user has absolutely "
+"no control."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <div><ul><li><p>
+msgid ""
+"A study of 24 “health” apps found that 19 of them <a href="
+"\"https://motherboard.vice.com/en_us/article/pan9e8/health-apps-can-share-";
+"your-data-everywhere-new-study-shows\"> send sensitive personal data to "
+"third parties</a>, which can use it for invasive advertising or "
+"discriminating against people in poor medical condition."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <div><ul><li><p>
+msgid ""
+"Whenever user “consent” is sought, it is buried in lengthy terms "
+"of service that are difficult to understand. In any case, “"
+"consent” is not sufficient to legitimize snooping."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <div><ul><li><p>
+msgid ""
+"Facebook offered a convenient proprietary library for building mobile apps, "
+"which also <a href=\"https://boingboing.net/2019/02/23/surveillance-";
+"zucksterism.html\"> sent personal data to Facebook</a>. Lots of companies "
+"built apps that way and released them, apparently not realizing that all the "
+"personal data they collected would go to Facebook as well."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <div><ul><li><p>
+msgid ""
+"It shows that no one can trust a nonfree program, not even the developers of "
+"other nonfree programs."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <div><ul><li><p>
+msgid ""
+"The AppCensus database gives information on <a href=\"https://www.appcensus.";
+"mobi\"> how Android apps use and misuse users' personal data</a>. As of "
+"March 2019, nearly 78,000 have been analyzed, of which 24,000 (31%) transmit "
+"the <a href=\"/proprietary/proprietary-surveillance.html#M201812290\"> "
+"Advertising ID</a> to other companies, and <a href=\"https://blog.appcensus.";
+"mobi/2019/02/14/ad-ids-behaving-badly/\"> 18,000 (23% of the total) link "
+"this ID to hardware identifiers</a>, so that users cannot escape tracking by "
+"resetting it."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <div><ul><li><p>
+msgid ""
+"Collecting hardware identifiers is in apparent violation of Google's "
+"policies. But it seems that Google wasn't aware of it, and, once informed, "
+"was in no hurry to take action. This proves that the policies of a "
+"development platform are ineffective at preventing nonfree software "
+"developers from including malware in their programs."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <div><ul><li><p>
+msgid ""
+"Many nonfree apps have a surveillance feature for <a href=\"https://";
+"techcrunch.com/2019/02/06/iphone-session-replay-screenshots/\"> recording "
+"all the users' actions</a> in interacting with the app."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <div><ul><li><p>
+msgid ""
+"An investigation of the 150 most popular gratis VPN apps in Google Play "
+"found that <a href=\"https://www.top10vpn.com/free-vpn-android-app-risk-";
+"index/\"> 25% fail to protect their usersâ privacy</a> due to DNS leaks. In
"
+"addition, 85% feature intrusive permissions or functions in their source "
+"code—often used for invasive advertising—that could potentially "
+"also be used to spy on users. Other technical flaws were found as well."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <div><ul><li><p>
+msgid ""
+"Moreover, a previous investigation had found that <a href=\"https://www.";
+"top10vpn.com/free-vpn-app-investigation/\">half of the top 10 gratis VPN "
+"apps have lousy privacy policies</a>."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <div><ul><li><p>
+msgid ""
+"<small>(It is unfortunate that these articles talk about “free apps."
+"” These apps are gratis, but they are <em>not</em> <a href=\"/"
+"philosophy/free-sw.html\">free software</a>.)</small>"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <div><ul><li><p>
+msgid ""
+"The Weather Channel app <a href=\"https://www.theguardian.com/";
+"technology/2019/jan/04/weather-channel-app-lawsuit-location-data-selling\"> "
+"stored users' locations to the company's server</a>. The company is being "
+"sued, demanding that it notify the users of what it will do with the data."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <div><ul><li><p>
+msgid ""
+"We think that lawsuit is about a side issue. What the company does with the "
+"data is a secondary issue. The principal wrong here is that the company gets "
+"that data at all."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <div><ul><li><p>
+msgid ""
+"<a href=\"https://motherboard.vice.com/en_us/article/gy77wy/stop-using-third-";
+"party-weather-apps\"> Other weather apps</a>, including Accuweather and "
+"WeatherBug, are tracking people's locations."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <div><ul><li><p>
+msgid ""
+"Around 40% of gratis Android apps <a href=\"https://privacyinternational.org/";
+"report/2647/how-apps-android-share-data-facebook-report\"> report on the "
+"user's actions to Facebook</a>."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <div><ul><li><p>
+msgid ""
+"Often they send the machine's “advertising ID,” so that Facebook "
+"can correlate the data it obtains from the same machine via various apps. "
+"Some of them send Facebook detailed information about the user's activities "
+"in the app; others only say that the user is using that app, but that alone "
+"is often quite informative."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <div><ul><li><p>
+msgid ""
+"This spying occurs regardless of whether the user has a Facebook account."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <div><ul><li><p>
+msgid ""
+"Facebook's app got “consent” to <a href=\"https://www.";
+"theguardian.com/technology/2018/dec/06/facebook-emails-reveal-discussions-"
+"over-call-log-consent\"> upload call logs automatically from Android phones</"
+"a> while disguising what the “consent” was for."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <div><ul><li><p>
+msgid ""
+"Some Android apps <a href=\"https://www.androidauthority.com/apps-uninstall-";
+"trackers-917539/amp/\"> track the phones of users that have deleted them</a>."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <div><ul><li><p>
+msgid ""
+"The Spanish football streaming app <a href=\"https://boingboing.";
+"net/2018/06/11/spanish-football-app-turns-use.html\">tracks the user's "
+"movements and listens through the microphone</a>."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <div><ul><li><p>
+msgid "This makes them act as spies for licensing enforcement."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <div><ul><li><p>
+msgid ""
+"We expect it implements DRM, too—that there is no way to save a "
+"recording. But we can't be sure from the article."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <div><ul><li><p>
+msgid ""
+"If you learn to care much less about sports, you will benefit in many ways. "
+"This is one more."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <div><ul><li><p>
+msgid ""
+"More than <a href=\"https://www.theguardian.com/technology/2018/apr/16/child-";
+"apps-games-android-us-google-play-store-data-sharing-law-privacy\">50% of "
+"the 5,855 Android apps studied by researchers were found to snoop and "
+"collect information about its users</a>. 40% of the apps were found to "
+"insecurely snitch on its users. Furthermore, they could detect only some "
+"methods of snooping, in these proprietary apps whose source code they cannot "
+"look at. The other apps might be snooping in other ways."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <div><ul><li><p>
+msgid ""
+"This is evidence that proprietary apps generally work against their users. "
+"To protect their privacy and freedom, Android users need to get rid of the "
+"proprietary software—both proprietary Android by <a href=\"https://";
+"replicant.us\">switching to Replicant</a>, and the proprietary apps by "
+"getting apps from the free software only <a href=\"https://f-droid.org/\";>F-"
+"Droid store</a> that <a href=\"https://f-droid.org/wiki/page/Antifeatures\";> "
+"prominently warns the user if an app contains anti-features</a>."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <div><ul><li><p>
+msgid ""
+"Grindr collects information about <a href=\"https://www.commondreams.org/";
+"news/2018/04/02/egregious-breach-privacy-popular-app-grindr-supplies-third-"
+"parties-users-hiv-status\"> which users are HIV-positive, then provides the "
+"information to companies</a>."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <div><ul><li><p>
+msgid ""
+"Grindr should not have so much information about its users. It could be "
+"designed so that users communicate such info to each other but not to the "
+"server's database."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <div><ul><li><p>
+msgid ""
+"The moviepass app and dis-service spy on users even more than users "
+"expected. It <a href=\"https://techcrunch.com/2018/03/05/moviepass-ceo-";
+"proudly-says-the-app-tracks-your-location-before-and-after-movies/\">records "
+"where they travel before and after going to a movie</a>."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <div><ul><li><p>
+msgid "Don't be tracked—pay cash!"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <div><ul><li><p>
+msgid ""
+"Tracking software in popular Android apps is pervasive and sometimes very "
+"clever. Some trackers can <a href=\"https://theintercept.com/2017/11/24/";
+"staggering-variety-of-clandestine-trackers-found-in-popular-android-apps/\"> "
+"follow a user's movements around a physical store by noticing WiFi networks</"
+"a>."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <div><ul><li><p>
+msgid ""
+"The Sarahah app <a href=\"https://theintercept.com/2017/08/27/hit-app-";
+"sarahah-quietly-uploads-your-address-book/\"> uploads all phone numbers and "
+"email addresses</a> in user's address book to developer's server."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <div><ul><li><p>
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "<small>Note: this article uses the word “free” in the sense "
+#| "of “gratis.”</small>"
+msgid ""
+"<small>(Note that this article misuses the words “<a href=\"/"
+"philosophy/free-sw.html\">free software</a>” referring to zero price.)"
+"</small>"
+msgstr "<small>注ï¼è¿ç¯æç« ä¸âfreeâçæææ¯âå
è´¹çâã</small>"
+
+#. type: Content of: <div><ul><li><p>
+msgid ""
+"20 dishonest Android apps recorded <a href=\"https://arstechnica.com/";
+"information-technology/2017/07/stealthy-google-play-apps-recorded-calls-and-"
+"stole-e-mails-and-texts\">phone calls and sent them and text messages and "
+"emails to snoopers</a>."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <div><ul><li><p>
+msgid ""
+"Google did not intend to make these apps spy; on the contrary, it worked in "
+"various ways to prevent that, and deleted these apps after discovering what "
+"they did. So we cannot blame Google specifically for the snooping of these "
+"apps."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <div><ul><li><p>
+msgid ""
+"On the other hand, Google redistributes nonfree Android apps, and therefore "
+"shares in the responsibility for the injustice of their being nonfree. It "
+"also distributes its own nonfree apps, such as Google Play, <a href=\"/"
+"philosophy/free-software-even-more-important.html\">which are malicious</a>."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <div><ul><li><p>
+msgid ""
+"Could Google have done a better job of preventing apps from cheating? There "
+"is no systematic way for Google, or Android users, to inspect executable "
+"proprietary apps to see what they do."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <div><ul><li><p>
+msgid ""
+"Google could demand the source code for these apps, and study the source "
+"code somehow to determine whether they mistreat users in various ways. If it "
+"did a good job of this, it could more or less prevent such snooping, except "
+"when the app developers are clever enough to outsmart the checking."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <div><ul><li><p>
+msgid ""
+"But since Google itself develops malicious apps, we cannot trust Google to "
+"protect us. We must demand release of source code to the public, so we can "
+"depend on each other."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <div><ul><li><p>
+msgid ""
+"Apps for BART <a href=\"https://web.archive.org/web/20171124190046/https://";
+"consumerist.com/2017/05/23/passengers-say-commuter-rail-app-illegally-"
+"collects-personal-user-data/\"> snoop on users</a>."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <div><ul><li><p>
+msgid ""
+"With free software apps, users could <em>make sure</em> that they don't "
+"snoop."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <div><ul><li><p>
+msgid "With proprietary apps, one can only hope that they don't."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <div><ul><li><p>
+msgid ""
+"A study found 234 Android apps that track users by <a href=\"https://www.";
+"bleepingcomputer.com/news/security/234-android-applications-are-currently-"
+"using-ultrasonic-beacons-to-track-users/\">listening to ultrasound from "
+"beacons placed in stores or played by TV programs</a>."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <div><ul><li><p>
+msgid ""
+"Faceapp appears to do lots of surveillance, judging by <a href=\"https://web.";
+"archive.org/web/20170426191242/https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/the-";
+"intersect/wp/2017/04/26/everything-thats-wrong-with-faceapp-the-latest-"
+"creepy-photo-app-for-your-face/\"> how much access it demands to personal "
+"data in the device</a>."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <div><ul><li><p>
+msgid ""
+"Pairs of Android apps can collude to transmit users' personal data to "
+"servers. <a href=\"https://www.theatlantic.com/technology/archive/2017/04/";
+"when-apps-collude-to-steal-your-data/522177/\">A study found tens of "
+"thousands of pairs that collude</a>."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <div><ul><li><p>
+msgid ""
+"Verizon <a href=\"https://yro.slashdot.org/story/17/03/30/0112259/verizon-to-";
+"force-appflash-spyware-on-android-phones\"> announced an opt-in proprietary "
+"search app that it will</a> pre-install on some of its phones. The app will "
+"give Verizon the same information about the users' searches that Google "
+"normally gets when they use its search engine."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <div><ul><li><p>
+msgid ""
+"Currently, the app is <a href=\"https://www.eff.org/deeplinks/2017/04/update-";
+"verizons-appflash-pre-installed-spyware-still-spyware\"> being pre-installed "
+"on only one phone</a>, and the user must explicitly opt-in before the app "
+"takes effect. However, the app remains spyware—an “"
+"optional” piece of spyware is still spyware."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <div><ul><li><p>
+msgid ""
+"The Meitu photo-editing app <a href=\"https://theintercept.com/2017/01/21/";
+"popular-selfie-app-sending-user-data-to-china-researchers-say/\">sends user "
+"data to a Chinese company</a>."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <div><ul><li><p>
+msgid ""
+"The Uber app tracks <a href=\"https://techcrunch.com/2016/11/28/uber-";
+"background-location-data-collection/\">clients' movements before and after "
+"the ride</a>."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <div><ul><li><p>
+msgid ""
+"This example illustrates how “getting the user's consent” for "
+"surveillance is inadequate as a protection against massive surveillance."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <div><ul><li><p>
+msgid ""
+"A <a href=\"https://research.csiro.au/ng/wp-content/uploads/";
+"sites/106/2016/08/paper-1.pdf\"> research paper</a> that investigated the "
+"privacy and security of 283 Android VPN apps concluded that “in spite "
+"of the promises for privacy, security, and anonymity given by the majority "
+"of VPN apps—millions of users may be unawarely subject to poor "
+"security guarantees and abusive practices inflicted by VPN apps.”"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <div><ul><li><p>
+msgid ""
+"Following is a non-exhaustive list, taken from the research paper, of some "
+"proprietary VPN apps that track users and infringe their privacy:"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <div><ul><li><dl><dt>
+msgid "SurfEasy"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <div><ul><li><dl><dd>
+msgid ""
+"Includes tracking libraries such as NativeX and Appflood, meant to track "
+"users and show them targeted ads."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <div><ul><li><dl><dt>
+msgid "sFly Network Booster"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <div><ul><li><dl><dd>
+msgid ""
+"Requests the <code>READ_SMS</code> and <code>SEND_SMS</code> permissions "
+"upon installation, meaning it has full access to users' text messages."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <div><ul><li><dl><dt>
+msgid "DroidVPN and TigerVPN"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <div><ul><li><dl><dd>
+msgid ""
+"Requests the <code>READ_LOGS</code> permission to read logs for other apps "
+"and also core system logs. TigerVPN developers have confirmed this."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <div><ul><li><dl><dt>
+msgid "HideMyAss"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <div><ul><li><dl><dd>
+msgid ""
+"Sends traffic to LinkedIn. Also, it stores detailed logs and may turn them "
+"over to the UK government if requested."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <div><ul><li><dl><dt>
+msgid "VPN Services HotspotShield"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <div><ul><li><dl><dd>
+msgid ""
+"Injects JavaScript code into the HTML pages returned to the users. The "
+"stated purpose of the JS injection is to display ads. Uses roughly five "
+"tracking libraries. Also, it redirects the user's traffic through valueclick."
+"com (an advertising website)."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <div><ul><li><dl><dt>
+msgid "WiFi Protector VPN"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <div><ul><li><dl><dd>
+msgid ""
+"Injects JavaScript code into HTML pages, and also uses roughly five tracking "
+"libraries. Developers of this app have confirmed that the non-premium "
+"version of the app does JavaScript injection for tracking the user and "
+"displaying ads."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <div><ul><li><p>
+msgid ""
+"Some portable phones <a href=\"http://www.prnewswire.com/news-releases/";
+"kryptowire-discovered-mobile-phone-firmware-that-transmitted-personally-"
+"identifiable-information-pii-without-user-consent-or-disclosure-300362844."
+"html\">are sold with spyware sending lots of data to China</a>."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <div><ul><li><p>
+msgid ""
+"Facebook's new Magic Photo app <a href=\"https://www.theregister.co.";
+"uk/2015/11/10/facebook_scans_camera_for_your_friends/\"> scans your mobile "
+"phone's photo collections for known faces</a>, and suggests you to share the "
+"picture you take according to who is in the frame."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <div><ul><li><p>
+msgid ""
+"This spyware feature seems to require online access to some known-faces "
+"database, which means the pictures are likely to be sent across the wire to "
+"Facebook's servers and face-recognition algorithms."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <div><ul><li><p>
+msgid ""
+"If so, none of Facebook users' pictures are private anymore, even if the "
+"user didn't “upload” them to the service."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <div><ul><li><p>
+msgid ""
+"Facebook's app listens all the time, <a href=\"http://www.independent.co.uk/";
+"life-style/gadgets-and-tech/news/facebook-using-people-s-phones-to-listen-in-"
+"on-what-they-re-saying-claims-professor-a7057526.html\">to snoop on what "
+"people are listening to or watching</a>. In addition, it may be analyzing "
+"people's conversations to serve them with targeted advertisements."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <div><ul><li><p>
+msgid ""
+"A pregnancy test controller application not only can <a href=\"http://www.";
+"theverge.com/2016/4/25/11503718/first-response-pregnancy-pro-test-bluetooth-"
+"app-security\"> spy on many sorts of data in the phone, and in server "
+"accounts, it can alter them too</a>."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <div><ul><li><p>
+msgid ""
+"Apps that include <a href=\"https://web.archive.org/web/20180913014551/";
+"http://techaeris.com/2016/01/13/symphony-advanced-media-software-tracks-your-";
+"digital-life-through-your-smartphone-mic/\"> Symphony surveillance software "
+"snoop on what radio and TV programs are playing nearby</a>. Also on what "
+"users post on various sites such as Facebook, Google+ and Twitter."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <div><ul><li><p>
+msgid ""
+"The natural extension of monitoring people through “their” "
+"phones is <a href=\"http://www.northwestern.edu/newscenter/stories/2016/01/";
+"fool-activity-tracker.html\"> proprietary software to make sure they can't "
+"“fool” the monitoring</a>."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <div><ul><li><p>
+msgid ""
+"“Cryptic communication,” unrelated to the app's functionality, "
+"was <a href=\"http://news.mit.edu/2015/data-transferred-android-apps-";
+"hiding-1119\"> found in the 500 most popular gratis Android apps</a>."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <div><ul><li><p>
+msgid ""
+"The article should not have described these apps as “free”—"
+"they are not free software. The clear way to say “zero price” "
+"is “gratis.”"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <div><ul><li><p>
+msgid ""
+"The article takes for granted that the usual analytics tools are legitimate, "
+"but is that valid? Software developers have no right to analyze what users "
+"are doing or how. “Analytics” tools that snoop are just as "
+"wrong as any other snooping."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <div><ul><li><p>
+msgid ""
+"More than 73% and 47% of mobile applications, for Android and iOS "
+"respectively <a href=\"https://techscience.org/a/2015103001/\";>share "
+"personal, behavioral and location information</a> of their users with third "
+"parties."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <div><ul><li><p>
+msgid ""
+"According to Edward Snowden, <a href=\"http://www.bbc.com/news/";
+"uk-34444233\">agencies can take over smartphones</a> by sending hidden text "
+"messages which enable them to turn the phones on and off, listen to the "
+"microphone, retrieve geo-location data from the GPS, take photographs, read "
+"text messages, read call, location and web browsing history, and read the "
+"contact list. This malware is designed to disguise itself from investigation."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <div><ul><li><p>
+msgid ""
+"Like most “music screaming” disservices, Spotify is based on "
+"proprietary malware (DRM and snooping). In August 2015 it <a href=\"http://";
+"www.theguardian.com/technology/2015/aug/21/spotify-faces-user-backlash-over-"
+"new-privacy-policy\"> demanded users submit to increased snooping</a>, and "
+"some are starting to realize that it is nasty."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <div><ul><li><p>
+msgid ""
+"This article shows the <a href=\"https://www.theregister.co.uk/2015/08/21/";
+"spotify_worse_than_the_nsa/\"> twisted ways that they present snooping as a "
+"way to “serve” users better</a>—never mind whether they "
+"want that. This is a typical example of the attitude of the proprietary "
+"software industry towards those they have subjugated."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <div><ul><li><p>
+msgid "Out, out, damned Spotify!"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <div><ul><li><p>
+msgid ""
+"Samsung phones come with <a href=\"http://arstechnica.com/gadgets/2015/07/";
+"samsung-sued-for-loading-devices-with-unremovable-crapware-in-china/\">apps "
+"that users can't delete</a>, and they send so much data that their "
+"transmission is a substantial expense for users. Said transmission, not "
+"wanted or requested by the user, clearly must constitute spying of some kind."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <div><ul><li><p>
+msgid ""
+"<a href=\"http://www.privmetrics.org/wp-content/uploads/2015/06/wisec2015.pdf";
+"\">A study in 2015</a> found that 90% of the top-ranked gratis proprietary "
+"Android apps contained recognizable tracking libraries. For the paid "
+"proprietary apps, it was only 60%."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <div><ul><li><p>
+msgid ""
+"The article confusingly describes gratis apps as “free”, but "
+"most of them are not in fact <a href=\"/philosophy/free-sw.html\">free "
+"software</a>. It also uses the ugly word “monetize”. A good "
+"replacement for that word is “exploit”; nearly always that will "
+"fit perfectly."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <div><ul><li><p>
+msgid ""
+"Gratis Android apps (but not <a href=\"/philosophy/free-sw.html\">free "
+"software</a>) connect to 100 <a href=\"http://www.theguardian.com/";
+"technology/2015/may/06/free-android-apps-connect-tracking-advertising-"
+"websites\">tracking and advertising</a> URLs, on the average."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <div><ul><li><p>
+msgid ""
+"Widely used <a href=\"https://freedom-to-tinker.com/blog/kollarssmith/scan-";
+"this-or-scan-me-user-privacy-barcode-scanning-applications/\">proprietary QR-"
+"code scanner apps snoop on the user</a>. This is in addition to the snooping "
+"done by the phone company, and perhaps by the OS in the phone."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <div><ul><li><p>
+msgid ""
+"Don't be distracted by the question of whether the app developers get users "
+"to say “I agree”. That is no excuse for malware."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <div><ul><li><p>
+msgid ""
+"Many proprietary apps for mobile devices report which other apps the user "
+"has installed. <a href=\"http://techcrunch.com/2014/11/26/twitter-app-graph/";
+"\">Twitter is doing this in a way that at least is visible and optional</a>. "
+"Not as bad as what the others do."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <div><ul><li><p>
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "<a href=\"/proprietary/proprietary-back-doors.html\">Back doors</a> "
+#| "(<a href=\"#f1\">1</a>)"
+msgid ""
+"<a href=\"/proprietary/proprietary-back-doors.html#samsung\"> Samsung's back "
+"door</a> provides access to any file on the system."
+msgstr ""
+"<a href=\"/proprietary/proprietary-back-doors.html\">åé¨</a> (<a
href="
+"\"#f1\">1</a>)"
+
+#. type: Content of: <div><ul><li><p>
+msgid ""
+"The Simeji keyboard is a smartphone version of Baidu's <a href=\"/"
+"proprietary/proprietary-surveillance.html#baidu-ime\">spying <abbr title="
+"\"Input Method Editor\">IME</abbr></a>."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <div><ul><li><p>
+msgid ""
+"The nonfree Snapchat app's principal purpose is to restrict the use of data "
+"on the user's computer, but it does surveillance too: <a href=\"http://www.";
+"theguardian.com/media/2013/dec/27/snapchat-may-be-exposed-hackers\"> it "
+"tries to get the user's list of other people's phone numbers</a>."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <div><ul><li><p>
+msgid ""
+"The Brightest Flashlight app <a href=\"http://www.theguardian.com/";
+"technology/2013/dec/06/android-app-50m-downloads-sent-data-advertisers\"> "
+"sends user data, including geolocation, for use by companies</a>."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <div><ul><li><p>
+msgid ""
+"The FTC criticized this app because it asked the user to approve sending "
+"personal data to the app developer but did not ask about sending it to other "
+"companies. This shows the weakness of the reject-it-if-you-dislike-snooping "
+"“solution” to surveillance: why should a flashlight app send any "
+"information to anyone? A free software flashlight app would not."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <div><ul><li><p>
+msgid ""
+"Portable phones with GPS <a href=\"http://www.aclu.org/government-location-";
+"tracking-cell-phones-gps-devices-and-license-plate-readers\"> will send "
+"their GPS location on remote command, and users cannot stop them</a>. (The "
+"US says it will eventually require all new portable phones to have GPS.)"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <div><ul><li><p>
+msgid ""
+"FTC says most mobile apps for children don't respect privacy: <a href="
+"\"http://arstechnica.com/information-technology/2012/12/ftc-disclosures-";
+"severely-lacking-in-kids-mobile-appsand-its-getting-worse/\"> http://";
+"arstechnica.com/information-technology/2012/12/ftc-disclosures-severely-"
+"lacking-in-kids-mobile-appsand-its-getting-worse/</a>."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <div><ul><li><p>
+msgid ""
+"Some manufacturers add a <a href=\"http://androidsecuritytest.com/features/";
+"logs-and-services/loggers/carrieriq/\"> hidden general surveillance package "
+"such as Carrier IQ</a>."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <title>
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid "Proprietary Software - GNU Project - Free Software Foundation"
+msgid "Malware in Webpages - GNU Project - Free Software Foundation"
+msgstr "ä¸æ软件 - GNU å·¥ç¨ - èªç±è½¯ä»¶åºéä¼"
+
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid "<a href=\"/proprietary/malware-mobiles.html\">Mobiles</a>"
+msgid ""
+"<a href=\"/proprietary/proprietary.html\">Proprietary malware</a> → "
+"Webpages"
+msgstr "<a href=\"/proprietary/malware-mobiles.html\">ææº</a>"
+
+#. type: Content of: <div><h2>
+msgid "Malware in Webpages"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <div><div><p>
+msgid ""
+"This page lists web sites containing proprietary JavaScript programs that "
+"spy on users or mislead them. They make use of what we call the <a href=\"/"
+"philosophy/javascript-trap.html\">JavaScript Trap</a>. Of course, many sites "
+"collect information that the user sends, via forms or otherwise, but here "
+"we're not talking about that."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <div><ul><li><p>
+msgid ""
+"Many web sites use JavaScript code <a href=\"http://gizmodo.com/before-you-";
+"hit-submit-this-company-has-already-logge-1795906081\"> to snoop on "
+"information that users have typed into a form but not sent</a>, in order to "
+"learn their identity. Some are <a href=\"https://www.manatt.com/Insights/";
+"Newsletters/Advertising-Law/Sites-Illegally-Tracked-Consumers-New-Suits-"
+"Allege\"> getting sued</a> for this."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <div><ul><li><p>
+msgid ""
+"The chat facilities of some customer services use the same sort of malware "
+"to <a href=\"https://gizmodo.com/be-warned-customer-service-agents-can-see-";
+"what-youre-t-1830688119\"> read what the user is typing before it is posted</"
+"a>."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <div><ul><li><p>
+msgid ""
+"British Airways used <a href=\"https://www.theverge.com/2018/7/19/17591732/";
+"british-airways-gdpr-compliance-twitter-personal-data-security\">nonfree "
+"JavaScript on its web site to give other companies personal data on its "
+"customers</a>."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <div><ul><li><p>
+msgid ""
+"The Storyful program <a href=\"https://www.theguardian.com/world/2018/may/17/";
+"revealed-how-storyful-uses-tool-monitor-what-journalists-watch\">spies on "
+"the reporters that use it</a>."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <div><ul><li><p>
+msgid ""
+"A cracker used an exploit in outdated software to <a href=\"https://www.";
+"pcmag.com/news/360968/400-websites-secretly-served-cryptocurrency-miners-to-"
+"visito\"> inject a “miner” in web pages</a> served to visitors. "
+"This type of malware hijacks the computer's processor to mine a "
+"cryptocurrency."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <div><ul><li><p>
+msgid ""
+"<small>(Note that the article refers to the infected software as “"
+"content management system”. A better term would be “<a href=\"/"
+"philosophy/words-to-avoid.html#Content\">website revision system</a>”.)"
+"</small>"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <div><ul><li><p>
+msgid ""
+"Since the miner was a nonfree JavaScript program, visitors wouldn't have "
+"been affected if they had used <a href=\"/software/librejs/index.html"
+"\">LibreJS</a>. Some browser extensions that <a href=\"https://www.cnet.com/";
+"how-to/how-to-stop-sites-from-using-your-cpu-to-mine-coins/\"> specifically "
+"block JavaScript miners</a> are also available."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <div><ul><li><p>
+msgid ""
+"Some JavaScript malware <a href=\"https://www.theverge.";
+"com/2017/12/30/16829804/browser-password-manager-adthink-princeton-research"
+"\"> swipes usernames from browser-based password managers</a>."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <div><ul><li><p>
+msgid ""
+"Some websites send JavaScript code to collect all the user's input, <a href="
+"\"https://freedom-to-tinker.com/2017/11/15/no-boundaries-exfiltration-of-";
+"personal-data-by-session-replay-scripts/\">which can then be used to "
+"reproduce the whole session</a>."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <div><ul><li><p>
+msgid "If you use LibreJS, it will block that malicious JavaScript code."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <div><ul><li><p>
+msgid ""
+"When a page uses Disqus for comments, the proprietary Disqus software <a "
+"href=\"https://blog.dantup.com/2017/01/visiting-a-site-that-uses-disqus-";
+"comments-when-not-logged-in-sends-the-url-to-facebook\">loads a Facebook "
+"software package into the browser of every anonymous visitor to the page, "
+"and makes the page's URL available to Facebook</a>."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <div><ul><li><p>
+msgid ""
+"Online sales, with tracking and surveillance of customers, <a href=\"https://";
+"www.theguardian.com/commentisfree/2016/dec/06/cookie-monsters-why-your-"
+"browsing-history-could-mean-rip-off-prices\">enables businesses to show "
+"different people different prices</a>. Most of the tracking is done by "
+"recording interactions with servers, but proprietary software contributes."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <div><ul><li><p>
+msgid ""
+"Here are two examples, taken from the research paper, of proprietary VPN "
+"apps that use JavaScript to track users and infringe their privacy:"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <div><ul><li><p>
+msgid ""
+"E-books can contain JavaScript code, and <a href=\"http://www.theguardian.";
+"com/books/2016/mar/08/men-make-up-their-minds-about-books-faster-than-women-"
+"study-finds\"> sometimes this code snoops on readers</a>."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <div><ul><li><p>
+msgid ""
+"Flash and JavaScript are used for <a href=\"http://arstechnica.com/";
+"security/2013/10/top-sites-and-maybe-the-nsa-track-users-with-device-"
+"fingerprinting/\"> “fingerprinting” devices</a> to identify "
+"users."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <div><ul><li><p>
+msgid ""
+"Many web sites rat their visitors to advertising networks that track users. "
+"Of the top 1000 web sites, <a href=\"https://www.law.berkeley.edu/research/";
+"bclt/research/privacy-at-bclt/web-privacy-census/\">84% (as of 5/17/2012) "
+"fed their visitors third-party cookies, allowing other sites to track them</"
+"a>."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <div><ul><li><p>
+msgid ""
+"Many web sites try to collect users' address books (the user's list of other "
+"people's phone numbers or email addresses). This violates the privacy of "
+"those other people."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <div><ul><li><p>
+msgid ""
+"Pages that contain “Like” buttons <a href=\"https://www.smh.com.";
+"au/technology/facebooks-privacy-lie-aussie-exposes-tracking-as-new-patent-"
+"uncovered-20111004-1l61i.html\"> enable Facebook to track visitors to those "
+"pages</a>—even users that don't have Facebook accounts."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <div><ul><li><p>
+msgid ""
+"Flash Player's <a href=\"http://www.imasuper.com/66/technology/flash-cookies-";
+"the-silent-privacy-killer/\"> cookie feature helps web sites track visitors</"
+"a>."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "Copyright © 2013, 2014, 2015, 2016, 2017, 2018, 2019, 2020 Free "
+#| "Software Foundation, Inc."
+msgid "Copyright © 2017, 2018, 2019 Free Software Foundation, Inc."
+msgstr ""
+"Copyright © 2013, 2014, 2015, 2016, 2017, 2018, 2019, 2020 Free "
+"Software Foundation, Inc."
+
+#. type: Content of: <title>
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid "Proprietary Software - GNU Project - Free Software Foundation"
+msgid "Potential Malware - GNU Project - Free Software Foundation"
+msgstr "ä¸æ软件 - GNU å·¥ç¨ - èªç±è½¯ä»¶åºéä¼"
+
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
+msgid ""
+"<a href=\"/proprietary/proprietary.html\">Proprietary malware</a> → "
+"Potential malware"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <div><h2>
+msgid "Potential Malware"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <div><div><p>
+msgid ""
+"This page describes malicious techniques that proprietary software might use "
+"in the future for malicious purposes. We don't have any evidence that they "
+"are in use yet."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <div><ul><li><p>
+msgid ""
+"Car companies are coming up with a list of clever reasons why <a href="
+"\"https://www.nytimes.com/2019/03/28/business/autonomous-cars-technology-";
+"privacy.html\"> they “have to” put cameras and microphones in "
+"the car</a>."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <div><ul><li><p>
+msgid ""
+"BMW says its software does not store any driver-monitoring information. If "
+"this means none of the data that come out of the cameras and microphones can "
+"be seen by anyone else, the cameras and microphones are not dangerous. But "
+"should we trust this claim? The only way it can deserve rational trust is if "
+"the software is free."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <div><ul><li><p>
+msgid ""
+"Volvo plans to <a href=\"https://www.theguardian.com/business/2019/mar/20/";
+"volvo-to-install-cameras-in-new-cars-to-reduce-road-deaths\"> install "
+"cameras inside cars</a> to monitor the driver for signs of impairment that "
+"could cause an accident."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <div><ul><li><p>
+msgid ""
+"However, there is nothing to prevent these cameras from doing other things, "
+"such as biometrically identifying the driver or passengers, other than "
+"proprietary software which Volvo—or various governments and "
+"criminals—could change at any time."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <div><ul><li><p>
+msgid ""
+"Malware installed into the processor in a hard drive could <a href=\"https://";
+"yro.slashdot.org/story/19/03/08/1928257/hard-disks-can-be-turned-into-"
+"listening-devices-researchers-find\"> use the disk itself as a microphone to "
+"detect speech</a>."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <div><ul><li><p>
+msgid ""
+"The article refers to the “Linux operating system” but seems to "
+"mean <a href=\"/gnu/linux-and-gnu.html\">GNU/Linux</a>. That hack would not "
+"require changing Linux itself."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <div><ul><li><p>
+msgid ""
+"Some portable surveillance devices (“phones”) now have <a href="
+"\"https://www.theguardian.com/technology/2019/feb/20/samsung-galaxy-s10-";
+"launch-triple-cameras-ultrasonic-fingerprint-sensors-and-5g\"> fingerprint "
+"sensors in the display</a>. Does that imply they could take the fingerprint "
+"of anyone who operates the touch screen?"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <div><ul><li><p>
+msgid ""
+"Patent applications show that Google and Amazon are interested in <a href="
+"\"http://www.consumerwatchdog.org/privacy-technology/home-assistant-adopter-";
+"beware-google-amazon-digital-assistant-patents-reveal\"> making “"
+"digital assistants” study people's activities to learn all about them</"
+"a>."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <div><ul><li><p>
+msgid ""
+"AI programs would understand what people say to each other, observe the "
+"clothing they wear and the objects they carry (including the marketing "
+"messages on them), and use sound to track people's activities, including in "
+"the toilet or in bed."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <div><ul><li><p>
+msgid ""
+"It should be illegal to have such a device in your apartment without getting "
+"signed consent from the people that live in the other apartments in the "
+"building."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <div><ul><li><p>
+msgid ""
+"Any device that has a microphone and a speaker could be <a href=\"http://www.";
+"washington.edu/news/2017/08/16/computer-scientists-use-music-to-covertly-"
+"track-body-movements-activity/\">turned into a sonar system that would track "
+"the movements of people in the same room or other rooms nearby</a>."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <title>
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid "Proprietary Software - GNU Project - Free Software Foundation"
+msgid "Proprietary Addictions - GNU Project - Free Software Foundation"
+msgstr "ä¸æ软件 - GNU å·¥ç¨ - èªç±è½¯ä»¶åºéä¼"
+
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid "<a href=\"/proprietary/proprietary-addictions.html\">Addictions</a>"
+msgid ""
+"<a href=\"/proprietary/proprietary.html\">Proprietary malware</a> → "
+"Addictions"
+msgstr "<a href=\"/proprietary/proprietary-addictions.html\">æç¾</a>"
+
+#. type: Content of: <div><h2>
+msgid "Proprietary Addictions"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <div><div><p>
+msgid ""
+"This page deals with malicious functionalities that are added to some "
+"programs for the sole purpose of luring users into more and more frequent "
+"and intensive use of the program, with the risk of getting addicted."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <div><h3>
+msgid "How software is made addictive"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <div><h4>
+msgid "Games"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
+msgid ""
+"Many games are designed to keep gamers compulsively playing—and "
+"renewing their subscription. To achieve this result, developers use <a href="
+"\"http://www.cracked.com/article_18461_5-creepy-ways-video-games-are-trying-";
+"to-get-you-addicted.html\"> techniques that derive from behavioral and brain "
+"research</a>:"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <div><dl><dt>
+msgid "The Skinner Box"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <div><dl><dd>
+msgid ""
+"An environment in which the user is trained to “push the lever“, "
+"i.e. do a certain action over and over again in order to get a reward."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <div><dl><dt>
+msgid "Virtual food pellets"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <div><dl><dd>
+msgid ""
+"Items that have nothing to do with the game itself, but are valuable to "
+"gamers because of the work required to obtain them (e.g., EverQuest); some "
+"people will end up collecting them for the sake of collecting."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <div><dl><dt>
+msgid "Random rewards"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <div><dl><dd>
+msgid ""
+"They turn the game into the equivalent of a slot machine (e.g., World of "
+"Warcraft, ZT Online)."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <div><dl><dt>
+msgid "Elaborate cycles"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <div><dl><dd>
+msgid ""
+"Gamers' behavior can be “shaped” by making cycles (progress from "
+"one level to the next) slower and slower, designing complex tasks that are "
+"difficult to get out of (e.g. World of Warcraft), or conversely dividing "
+"them up in small chunks to avoid frustration (e.g., New Super Mario Bros."
+"Wii)."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <div><dl><dt>
+msgid "Decay of game assets"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <div><dl><dd>
+msgid ""
+"This makes it necessary for a gamer to keep playing, without vacations, "
+"simply to avoid losing what they have earned so far (e.g., Farmville, Ultima "
+"Online, Animal Crossing)."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
+msgid ""
+"Games such as World of Warcraft, which are considered very addictive, use "
+"several of these techniques."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
+msgid "There are even more elaborate ways to get users addicted to a game."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <div><ul><li>
+msgid ""
+"“Loot boxes” are a direct application of the random reward "
+"mechanism, and their addictiveness is enhanced by seductive animation. They "
+"are <a href=\"https://www.pcgamer.com/behind-the-addictive-psychology-and-";
+"seductive-art-of-loot-boxes/\"> akin to gambling</a>."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <div><ul><li>
+msgid ""
+"The developers of gratis mobile games apply the techniques described above "
+"to <a href=\"https://www.psychguides.com/interact/the-psychology-of-freemium/";
+"\"> turn their products into slot machines</a>. This is clearly described in "
+"an infographic. The revenue generated by these games is directly related to "
+"the number of strongly addicted gamers (called “whales”) and to "
+"the amount of money they are willing to spend. Thus developers carefully "
+"study the behavior of millions of users to increase the addictiveness of "
+"their games."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "<small>Note: this article uses the word “free” in the sense "
+#| "of “gratis.”</small>"
+msgid ""
+"<small>(Unfortunately, the last two articles use “free” to mean "
+"“zero price.” We recommend saying “gratis” instead.)"
+"</small>"
+msgstr "<small>注ï¼è¿ç¯æç« ä¸âfreeâçæææ¯âå
è´¹çâã</small>"
+
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
+msgid ""
+"However, the addictiveness of a game is only one of the determinants of "
+"addiction. Equally important are the psychological make-up and life "
+"circumstances of the gamer. Gaming addiction, like other addictions, is a "
+"form of mental escape from an unrewarding life. The sad truth is that, in "
+"the long run, it leads to an even worse life."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
+msgid ""
+"<small><em>Note:</em> We are not gamers. If you think we have "
+"misunderstood some point, or have suggestions for making this text clearer "
+"or more correct, please send them to <<a href=\"mailto:address@hidden";
+"\">address@hidden</a>>.</small>"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <div><h4>
+msgid "Online gambling"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
+msgid ""
+"Online gambling services (and their nonfree client programs) are <a href="
+"\"https://www.theguardian.com/society/2019/feb/22/gambling-apps-more-";
+"dangerous-than-fobts-study-finds\"> designed to be addictive</a>, much like "
+"on-line games. They achieve this with various different malfunctionalities, "
+"often in combination."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
+msgid ""
+"Many of these malfunctionalities are implemented by the server and the "
+"client program together. In some cases, there is no honest way that the "
+"client program could counteract the nastiness—for instance, when the "
+"server manipulates amounts won in order to get the user addicted, the only "
+"way the client program could block that is to pretend the win did not "
+"happen. But users would not want that modification."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
+msgid ""
+"However, modification of the client program could cover up some addictive "
+"behaviors without losing the user anything."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <div><h4>
+msgid "Social networks"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
+msgid ""
+"Some social networking apps are <a href=\"https://www.jeffbullas.com/";
+"facebook-creates-addiction/\"> designed to get users addicted</a>. These try "
+"to merge into your daily routine by exploiting social pressure and your "
+"natural desire for socialization, converting habitual gestures into thorough "
+"addiction. As already noted for games, addictiveness is essentially based on "
+"random rewards. In the present case, the rewards are messages from friends "
+"and followers, “likes,” news, interesting videos, etc. The "
+"software is designed to trigger users' desire for these rewards, and keep "
+"this desire alive as long as possible."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <div><ul><li>
+msgid ""
+"By default, notifications are sent every time a new item comes in, instead "
+"of, say, once a day. They are associated with sounds or vibrations which "
+"make them even more compelling. (Remember Pavlov's experiments with rats.) "
+"These triggers are often opt-out, and many users don't try to turn them off. "
+"They are most effective when the app is installed on a mobile device which "
+"is always on and never leaves the user. As a side effect, they may "
+"contribute to the <a href=\"https://www.psychologytoday.com/us/blog/reading-";
+"between-the-headlines/201307/smartphone-addiction\"> addictiveness of “"
+"smart” phones</a>."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <div><ul><li>
+msgid ""
+"Users are served selected material that is likely to interest them, based on "
+"<a href=\"https://theconversation.com/facebook-is-killing-democracy-with-its-";
+"personality-profiling-data-93611\"> profiling</a>. (This paves the way to <a "
+"href=\"/proprietary/proprietary-manipulation.html\">manipulation</a>, by the "
+"way.)"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <div><ul><li>
+msgid ""
+"The app interface is designed to make users stay on the site as long as "
+"possible, using <a href=\"https://uxplanet.org/ux-infinite-scrolling-vs-";
+"pagination-1030d29376f1\"> infinite scrolling</a> for example."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <div><ul><li>
+msgid ""
+"The company that owns the social network tries to cover users' needs as "
+"extensively as possible, by <a href=\"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/";
+"List_of_mergers_and_acquisitions_by_Facebook\"> acquiring other companies</"
+"a> if needed. Once users have concentrated most of their online activities "
+"and a lot of their personal data on a single platform (or a set of platforms "
+"that belong to the same group), they find it <a href=\"https://www.";
+"theguardian.com/lifeandstyle/2018/jan/01/antisocial-media-why-decided-cut-"
+"back-facebook-instagram\"> almost impossible to leave</a>. And even if they "
+"wanted to, they would have a hard time digging out the relevant options, and "
+"the app would aggressively nag them to stay."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
+msgid ""
+"A good way to minimize the risk of addiction, short of avoiding social media "
+"altogether, is to turn off notifications and leave as little as possible of "
+"your own data on the platform."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <div><h3>
+msgid "Examples of addictive software"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "Copyright © 2013, 2014, 2015, 2016, 2017, 2018, 2019, 2020 Free "
+#| "Software Foundation, Inc."
+msgid "Copyright © 2019, 2020 Free Software Foundation, Inc."
+msgstr ""
+"Copyright © 2013, 2014, 2015, 2016, 2017, 2018, 2019, 2020 Free "
+"Software Foundation, Inc."
+
+#. type: Content of: <title>
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid "Proprietary Software - GNU Project - Free Software Foundation"
+msgid "Proprietary Back Doors - GNU Project - Free Software Foundation"
+msgstr "ä¸æ软件 - GNU å·¥ç¨ - èªç±è½¯ä»¶åºéä¼"
+
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid "<a href=\"/proprietary/malware-mobiles.html\">Mobiles</a>"
+msgid ""
+"<a href=\"/proprietary/proprietary.html\">Proprietary malware</a> → "
+"Back doors"
+msgstr "<a href=\"/proprietary/malware-mobiles.html\">ææº</a>"
+
+#. type: Content of: <div><h2>
+msgid "Proprietary Back Doors"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <div><div><p>
+msgid ""
+"Some malicious functionalities are mediated by <a href=\"/proprietary/"
+"proprietary.html#f1\">back doors</a>. Here are examples of programs that "
+"contain one or several of those, classified according to what the back door "
+"is known to have the power to do. Back doors that allow full control over "
+"the programs which contain them are said to be “universal.”"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <div><div><h3>
+msgid "Back-door functionalities"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <div><div><ul><li>
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid "<a href=\"#latest\">Latest additions</a>"
+msgid "<a href=\"#spy\">Spying</a>"
+msgstr "<a href=\"#latest\">ææ°æ·»å </a>"
+
+#. type: Content of: <div><div><ul><li>
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid "<a href=\"#latest\">Latest additions</a>"
+msgid "<a href=\"#alter-data\">Altering user's data or settings</a>"
+msgstr "<a href=\"#latest\">ææ°æ·»å </a>"
+
+#. type: Content of: <div><div><ul><li>
+msgid ""
+"<a href=\"#install-delete\">Installing, deleting or disabling programs</a>"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <div><div><ul><li>
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid "<a href=\"#TOC\">Table of contents</a>"
+msgid "<a href=\"#universal\">Full control</a>"
+msgstr "<a href=\"#TOC\">ç®å½</a>"
+
+#. type: Content of: <div><div><ul><li>
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid "<a href=\"#latest\">Latest additions</a>"
+msgid "<a href=\"#other\">Other/undefined</a>"
+msgstr "<a href=\"#latest\">ææ°æ·»å </a>"
+
+#. type: Content of: <div><h3>
+msgid "Spying"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <div><ul><li><p>
+msgid ""
+"Many models of Internet-connected cameras contain a glaring back door—"
+"they have login accounts with hard-coded passwords, which can't be changed, "
+"and <a href=\"https://arstechnica.com/security/2017/06/internet-cameras-";
+"expose-private-video-feeds-and-remote-controls/\"> there is no way to delete "
+"these accounts either</a>."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <div><ul><li><p>
+msgid ""
+"Since these accounts with hard-coded passwords are impossible to delete, "
+"this problem is not merely an insecurity; it amounts to a back door that can "
+"be used by the manufacturer (and government) to spy on users."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <div><h3>
+msgid "Altering user's data or settings"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <div><ul><li><p>
+msgid ""
+"Do other ebook readers have back doors in their nonfree software? We don't "
+"know, and we have no way to find out. There is no reason to assume that "
+"they don't."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <div><h3>
+msgid "Installing, deleting or disabling programs"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <div><ul><li><p>
+msgid ""
+"Corel Paintshop Pro has a <a href=\"https://torrentfreak.com/corel-wrongly-";
+"accuses-licensed-user-of-piracy-disables-software-remotely-181110/\"> back "
+"door that can make it cease to function</a>."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <div><ul><li><p>
+msgid ""
+"The article is full of confusions, errors and biases that we have an "
+"obligation to expose, given that we are making a link to them."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <div><ul><li><ul><li>
+msgid ""
+"Getting a patent does not “enable” a company to do any "
+"particular thing in its products. What it does enable the company to do is "
+"sue other companies if they do some particular thing in their products."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <div><ul><li><ul><li>
+msgid ""
+"A company's policies about when to attack users through a back door are "
+"beside the point. Inserting the back door is wrong in the first place, and "
+"using the back door is always wrong too. No software developer should have "
+"that power over users."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <div><ul><li><ul><li>
+msgid ""
+"“<a href=\"/philosophy/words-to-avoid.html#Piracy\">Piracy</a>” "
+"means attacking ships. Using that word to refer to sharing copies is a "
+"smear; please don't smear sharing."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <div><ul><li><ul><li><p>
+msgid ""
+"The idea of “protecting our IP” is total confusion. The term "
+"“IP” itself is a <a href=\"/philosophy/not-ipr.html\">bogus "
+"generalization about things that have nothing in common</a>."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <div><ul><li><ul><li><p>
+msgid ""
+"In addition, to speak of “protecting” that bogus generalization "
+"is a separate absurdity. It's like calling the cops because neighbors' kids "
+"are playing on your front yard, and saying that you're “protecting the "
+"boundary line”. The kids can't do harm to the boundary line, not even "
+"with a jackhammer, because it is an abstraction and can't be affected by "
+"physical action."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <div><ul><li><p>
+msgid ""
+"In addition to its <a href=\"#windows-update\">universal back door</a>, "
+"Windows 8 has a back door for <a href=\"https://www.computerworld.com/";
+"article/2500036/microsoft--we-can-remotely-delete-windows-8-apps.html\"> "
+"remotely deleting apps</a>."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <div><h3>
+msgid "Full control"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <div><ul><li><p>
+msgid ""
+"The Chinese Communist Party's <a href=\"/proprietary/proprietary-"
+"surveillance.html#M201910130\"> “Study the Great Nation” app</a> "
+"was found to contain <a href=\"https://www.ndtv.com/world-news/chinese-app-";
+"allows-officials-access-to-100-million-users-phone-report-2115962\"> a back-"
+"door allowing developers to run any code they wish</a> in the users' phone, "
+"as “superusers.”"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <div><ul><li><p>
+msgid ""
+"The Furby Connect has a <a href=\"https://www.contextis.com/blog/dont-feed-";
+"them-after-midnight-reverse-engineering-the-furby-connect\"> universal back "
+"door</a>. If the product as shipped doesn't act as a listening device, "
+"remote changes to the code could surely convert it into one."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <div><ul><li><p>
+msgid ""
+"Sony has brought back its robotic pet Aibo, this time <a href=\"https://";
+"motherboard.vice.com/en_us/article/bj778v/sony-wants-to-sell-you-a-"
+"subscription-to-a-robot-dog-aibo-90s-pet\"> with a universal back door, and "
+"tethered to a server that requires a subscription</a>."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <div><ul><li><p>
+msgid ""
+"Vizio “smart” TVs <a href=\"https://www.ftc.gov/news-events/";
+"blogs/business-blog/2017/02/what-vizio-was-doing-behind-tv-screen\"> have a "
+"universal back door</a>."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <div><ul><li><p>
+msgid ""
+"<a href=\"http://www.techienews.co.uk/973462/bitcoin-miners-bundled-pups-";
+"legitimate-applications-backed-eula/\"> Some applications come with "
+"MyFreeProxy, which is a universal back door</a> that can download programs "
+"and run them."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <div><ul><li><p>
+msgid ""
+"In addition to its <a href=\"#swindle-eraser\">book eraser</a>, the Kindle-"
+"Swindle has a <a href=\"http://www.amazon.com/gp/help/customer/display.html?";
+"nodeId=200774090\"> universal back door</a>."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <div><ul><li><p>
+msgid ""
+"Almost every phone's communication processor has a universal back door which "
+"is <a href=\"https://www.schneier.com/blog/archives/2006/12/";
+"remotely_eavesd_1.html\"> often used to make a phone transmit all "
+"conversations it hears</a>. See <a href=\"/proprietary/malware-mobiles."
+"html#universal-back-door-phone-modem\">Malware in Mobile Devices</a> for "
+"more info."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <div><h3>
+msgid "Other or undefined"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <div><ul><li><p>
+msgid ""
+"Intel's intentional “management engine” back door has <a href="
+"\"https://www.theregister.co.uk/2017/11/20/intel_flags_firmware_flaws/\";> "
+"unintended back doors</a> too."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <div><ul><li><p>
+msgid ""
+"Dell computers, shipped with Windows, had a bogus root certificate that <a "
+"href=\"http://fossforce.com/2015/11/dell-comcast-intel-who-knows-who-else-";
+"are-out-to-get-you/\"> allowed anyone (not just Dell) to remotely authorize "
+"any software to run</a> on the computer."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <div><ul><li><p>
+msgid ""
+"Here is a big problem whose details are still secret: <a href=\"http://";
+"mashable.com/2013/09/11/fbi-microsoft-bitlocker-backdoor/\"> The FBI asks "
+"lots of companies to put back doors in proprietary programs</a>. We don't "
+"know of specific cases where this was done, but every proprietary program "
+"for encryption is a possibility."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
+msgid ""
+"The EFF has other examples of the <a href=\"https://www.eff.org/";
+"deeplinks/2015/02/who-really-owns-your-drones\"> use of back doors</a>."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "Copyright © 2013, 2014, 2015, 2016, 2017, 2018, 2019, 2020 Free "
+#| "Software Foundation, Inc."
+msgid "Copyright © 2014-2020 Free Software Foundation, Inc."
+msgstr ""
+"Copyright © 2013, 2014, 2015, 2016, 2017, 2018, 2019, 2020 Free "
+"Software Foundation, Inc."
+
+#. type: Content of: <title>
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid "Proprietary Software - GNU Project - Free Software Foundation"
+msgid "Proprietary Censorship - GNU Project - Free Software Foundation"
+msgstr "ä¸æ软件 - GNU å·¥ç¨ - èªç±è½¯ä»¶åºéä¼"
+
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid "<a href=\"/proprietary/proprietary-censorship.html\">Censorship</a>"
+msgid ""
+"<a href=\"/proprietary/proprietary.html\">Proprietary malware</a> → "
+"Censorship"
+msgstr "<a href=\"/proprietary/proprietary-censorship.html\">审æ¥</a>"
+
+#. type: Content of: <div><h2>
+msgid "Proprietary Censorship"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <div><div><p>
+msgid ""
+"One kind of malicious functionality is censorship of what users can access. "
+"Here are examples of programs which do this. We have a <a href=\"/"
+"proprietary/proprietary-jails.html#about-page\">separate list of proprietary "
+"systems that censor installation</a> of application programs (we call them "
+"“jails”)."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <div><div><p>
+msgid ""
+"Selling products designed as platforms for a company to impose censorship "
+"ought to be forbidden by law, but it isn't."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <div><h3>
+msgid "Apple"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
+msgid ""
+"Apple mainly uses iOS, which is a typical jail, to impose censorship through "
+"the Apple Store. Please refer to <a href=\"/proprietary/proprietary-jails."
+"html#apple\">Proprietary Jails</a> for more information."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <div><h3>
+msgid "Google"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <div><h3>
+msgid "Game consoles"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <div><ul><li><p>
+msgid ""
+"The <a href=\"https://www.gamespot.com/articles/nintendos-new-3ds-charges-30-";
+"cents-to-remove-an-in/1100-6421996/\"> Nintendo 3DS</a> censors web "
+"browsing; it is possible to turn off the censorship, but that requires "
+"identifying oneself to pay, which is a form of surveillance."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <title>
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid "Proprietary Software - GNU Project - Free Software Foundation"
+msgid "Proprietary Coverups - GNU Project - Free Software Foundation"
+msgstr "ä¸æ软件 - GNU å·¥ç¨ - èªç±è½¯ä»¶åºéä¼"
+
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid "<a href=\"/proprietary/proprietary-coverups.html\">Coverups</a>"
+msgid ""
+"<a href=\"/proprietary/proprietary.html\">Proprietary malware</a> → "
+"Coverups"
+msgstr "<a href=\"/proprietary/proprietary-coverups.html\">æ©ç</a>"
+
+#. type: Content of: <div><h2>
+msgid "Proprietary Coverups"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <div><div><p>
+msgid ""
+"This page lists instances where proprietary software had a bug, and the "
+"developers converted it into a malicious functionality by trying to cover up "
+"the existence of the bug."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <div><ul><li><p>
+msgid ""
+"Price Waterhouse Coopers tried to suppress knowledge of a security flaw by "
+"<a href=\"http://www.zdnet.com/article/pwc-sends-security-researchers-cease-";
+"and-desist-letter-instead-of-fixing-security-flaw/\"> making legal threats "
+"against the security company that found it</a>."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <title>
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid "Proprietary Software - GNU Project - Free Software Foundation"
+msgid "Proprietary Deception - GNU Project - Free Software Foundation"
+msgstr "ä¸æ软件 - GNU å·¥ç¨ - èªç±è½¯ä»¶åºéä¼"
+
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid "<a href=\"/proprietary/proprietary-deception.html\">Deception</a>"
+msgid ""
+"<a href=\"/proprietary/proprietary.html\">Proprietary malware</a> → "
+"Deception"
+msgstr "<a href=\"/proprietary/proprietary-deception.html\">欺éª</a>"
+
+#. type: Content of: <div><h2>
+msgid "Proprietary Deception"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <div><div><p>
+msgid ""
+"Deception is a malicious functionality that makes the program dishonest or "
+"conceals trickery. Here are examples of such malicious functionalities. "
+"Cases of deception that involve taking people's money are listed in <a href="
+"\"/proprietary/proprietary-fraud.html#main-heading\"> Proprietary Fraud</a>."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <div><ul><li><p>
+msgid ""
+"OfficeMax cheated customers by <a href=\"https://arstechnica.com/tech-";
+"policy/2019/03/office-depot-tricked-people-into-buying-pc-support-with-fake-"
+"virus-scans/\"> using proprietary “PC Health Check” software</a> "
+"rigged to give false results, deceiving the customer into thinking per "
+"computer was infected and buy unneeded support services from the company."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <div><ul><li><p>
+msgid ""
+"Twenty nine “beauty camera” apps that used to be on Google Play "
+"had one or more malicious functionalities, such as <a href=\"https://www.";
+"teleanalysis.com/news/national/these-29-beauty-camera-apps-steal-private-"
+"photo-29923\"> stealing users' photos instead of “beautifying” "
+"them</a>, pushing unwanted and often malicious ads on users, and redirecting "
+"them to phishing sites that stole their credentials. Furthermore, the user "
+"interface of most of them was designed to make uninstallation difficult."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <div><ul><li><p>
+msgid ""
+"Many proprietary programs secretly <a href=\"https://www.theregister.co.";
+"uk/2016/08/05/payperinstall_study/\">install other proprietary programs that "
+"the users don't want</a>."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <div><ul><li><p>
+msgid ""
+"The proprietor of the Pokémon Go game <a href=\"https://www.theguardian.com/";
+"technology/2016/jul/14/pokemon-go-sponsored-locations-restaurants-business"
+"\"> invites restaurants and other businesses to pay to have the game lure "
+"people there</a>."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <div><ul><li><p>
+msgid ""
+"A top-ranking proprietary Instagram client promising to tell users who's "
+"been watching their pictures was in reality <a href=\"http://www.theguardian.";
+"com/technology/2015/nov/11/top-ranking-free-app-stole-instagram-passwords"
+"\">stealing their credentials</a>, advertising itself on their feed, and "
+"posting images without their consent."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "Copyright © 2013, 2014, 2015, 2016, 2017, 2018, 2019, 2020 Free "
+#| "Software Foundation, Inc."
+msgid ""
+"Copyright © 2015, 2016, 2017, 2018, 2019, 2020 Free Software "
+"Foundation, Inc."
+msgstr ""
+"Copyright © 2013, 2014, 2015, 2016, 2017, 2018, 2019, 2020 Free "
+"Software Foundation, Inc."
+
+#. type: Content of: <title>
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid "Proprietary Software - GNU Project - Free Software Foundation"
+msgid "Proprietary DRM - GNU Project - Free Software Foundation"
+msgstr "ä¸æ软件 - GNU å·¥ç¨ - èªç±è½¯ä»¶åºéä¼"
+
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid "<a href=\"/proprietary/malware-mobiles.html\">Mobiles</a>"
+msgid ""
+"<a href=\"/proprietary/proprietary.html\">Proprietary malware</a> → DRM"
+msgstr "<a href=\"/proprietary/malware-mobiles.html\">ææº</a>"
+
+#. type: Content of: <div><h2>
+msgid "Proprietary DRM"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <div><div><p>
+msgid ""
+"Here are examples of proprietary programs and systems that implement "
+"<em>digital restrictions management</em> (DRM): functionalities designed "
+"intentionally to restrict what users can do. These functionalities are also "
+"called <em>digital handcuffs</em>."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <div><div><p>
+msgid ""
+"DRM is reinforced by <a href=\"http://www.theguardian.com/technology/";
+"blog/2014/feb/05/digital-rights-management\"> censorship laws</a> that ban "
+"software (and hardware) that can break the handcuffs. Instead of these "
+"laws, DRM itself ought to be illegal. Please support our campaign to <a "
+"href=\"http://DefectiveByDesign.org/\";>abolish DRM</a>."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <div><ul><li><p>
+msgid ""
+"We refer to that product as the <a href=\"/philosophy/why-call-it-the-"
+"swindle.html\"> Amazon Swindle</a> because of this and <a href=\"/philosophy/"
+"ebooks.html\"> other malicious functionalities</a>."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <div><ul><li><p>
+msgid ""
+"Adobe made “Digital Editions,” the e-reader used by most US "
+"libraries, spy on the user <a href=\"https://web.archive.org/";
+"web/20141220181015/http://www.computerworlduk.com/blogs/open-enterprise/drm-";
+"strikes-again-3575860/\">for the sake of DRM.</a>"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <div><ul><li><p>
+msgid ""
+"DRM does more nastiness to published works than merely stopping people from "
+"looking at and/or copying them. Even when it allows you to look, it harasses "
+"you in many ways. Cory Doctorow's article presents <a href=\"https://";
+"boingboing.net/2010/02/18/infographic-buying-d.html\"> DVDs as an example</"
+"a>."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <div><ul><li><p>
+msgid ""
+"We condemn the propaganda term “pirate” when it is applied to "
+"people that share copies. Many of these DVDs are made and distributed "
+"commercially; in reference to that practice, “pirate” might be "
+"partly justified. But not when they protect users from harassment."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <div><ul><li><p>
+msgid ""
+"The fundamental cause of this harassment, and the fundamental wrong of the "
+"DRM in DVDs, is the requirement to use nonfree software to play the DVD. "
+"Fortunately we have free replacement software."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <div><ul><li><p>
+msgid ""
+"<a href=\"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/High-";
+"bandwidth_Digital_Content_Protection\"> HDCP</a> is a DRM system that "
+"encrypts video and audio data from the processor to the monitor. It is "
+"implemented mainly in hardware, but the system software also participates, "
+"which makes it qualify as malware."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <div><ul><li><p>
+msgid ""
+"Besides controlling users, HDCP denies their fair-use rights and causes "
+"numerous practical problems."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <div><ul><li><p>
+msgid ""
+"<a href=\"https://www.eff.org/deeplinks/2008/02/adobe-pushes-drm-flash\";> "
+"DRM in Flash Player</a>."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <title>
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid "Proprietary Software - GNU Project - Free Software Foundation"
+msgid "Proprietary Fraud - GNU Project - Free Software Foundation"
+msgstr "ä¸æ软件 - GNU å·¥ç¨ - èªç±è½¯ä»¶åºéä¼"
+
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid "<a href=\"/proprietary/proprietary-fraud.html\">Fraud</a>"
+msgid ""
+"<a href=\"/proprietary/proprietary.html\">Proprietary malware</a> → "
+"Fraud"
+msgstr "<a href=\"/proprietary/proprietary-fraud.html\">è¯éª</a>"
+
+#. type: Content of: <div><h2>
+msgid "Proprietary Fraud"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <div><div><p>
+msgid ""
+"Here are some examples of proprietary software that defrauds users—"
+"taking their money by trickery."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <div><ul><li><p>
+msgid ""
+"A game published on Facebook <a href=\"https://www.revealnews.org/article/so-";
+"your-child-racked-up-unwanted-credit-card-charges-playing-video-games-now-"
+"what/\">aimed at leading children to spend</a> large amounts of their "
+"parents' money without explaining it to them."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "Copyright © 2013, 2014, 2015, 2016, 2017, 2018, 2019, 2020 Free "
+#| "Software Foundation, Inc."
+msgid "Copyright © 2019 Free Software Foundation, Inc."
+msgstr ""
+"Copyright © 2013, 2014, 2015, 2016, 2017, 2018, 2019, 2020 Free "
+"Software Foundation, Inc."
+
+#. type: Content of: <title>
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid "Proprietary Software - GNU Project - Free Software Foundation"
+msgid "Proprietary Incompatibility - GNU Project - Free Software Foundation"
+msgstr "ä¸æ软件 - GNU å·¥ç¨ - èªç±è½¯ä»¶åºéä¼"
+
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "<a href=\"/proprietary/proprietary-incompatibility.html"
+#| "\">Incompatibility</a>"
+msgid ""
+"<a href=\"/proprietary/proprietary.html\">Proprietary malware</a> → "
+"Incompatibility"
+msgstr "<a href=\"/proprietary/proprietary-incompatibility.html\">ä¸å
¼å®¹</a>"
+
+#. type: Content of: <div><h2>
+msgid "Proprietary Incompatibility"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <div><div><p>
+msgid ""
+"One of these malicious functionalities is the deliberate incompatibility of "
+"a program with third party software that operates on the same data types."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <div><div><p>
+msgid ""
+"A fairly common sort of incompatibility is the use of secret formats or "
+"protocols. This directly blocks or hinders users from switching to any other "
+"program—and, in particular, from switching to free software which can "
+"liberate the device the software runs on."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <div><div><p>
+msgid ""
+"Apart from being deliberately anticompetitive, secret formats put users' "
+"digital data at risk. For instance, retrieval of old data will become very "
+"difficult if support for the proprietary software that can read it is "
+"discontinued."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <div><div><p>
+msgid ""
+"Another sort of incompatibility occurs when a system makes some important "
+"operation which would be necessary for migrating data to any other system so "
+"cumbersome or so slow that it isn't doable for more than a small amount of "
+"data."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <div><div><p>
+msgid ""
+"More generally, the major tech companies tend to impose <a href=\"https://";
+"www.eff.org/deeplinks/2019/07/interoperability-fix-internet-not-tech-"
+"companies\"> artificial restrictions</a> on the interoperability of their "
+"products to monopolize the market, and this is often achieved through "
+"proprietary malware."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "Copyright © 2013, 2014, 2015, 2016, 2017, 2018, 2019, 2020 Free "
+#| "Software Foundation, Inc."
+msgid "Copyright © 2018, 2019 Free Software Foundation, Inc."
+msgstr ""
+"Copyright © 2013, 2014, 2015, 2016, 2017, 2018, 2019, 2020 Free "
+"Software Foundation, Inc."
+
+#. type: Content of: <title>
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid "Proprietary Software - GNU Project - Free Software Foundation"
+msgid "Proprietary Insecurity - GNU Project - Free Software Foundation"
+msgstr "ä¸æ软件 - GNU å·¥ç¨ - èªç±è½¯ä»¶åºéä¼"
+
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid "<a href=\"/proprietary/proprietary-insecurity.html\">Insecurity</a>"
+msgid ""
+"<a href=\"/proprietary/proprietary.html\">Proprietary malware</a> → "
+"Insecurity"
+msgstr "<a href=\"/proprietary/proprietary-insecurity.html\">ä¸å®å
¨</a>"
+
+#. type: Content of: <div><h2>
+msgid "Proprietary Insecurity"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <div><div><p>
+msgid ""
+"This page lists clearly established cases of insecurity in proprietary "
+"software that has grave consequences or is otherwise noteworthy. Even though "
+"most of these security flaws are unintentional, thus are not malicious "
+"functionalities in a strict sense, we report them to show that proprietary "
+"software is not immune to bugs, and is often quite sloppy."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <div><div><p>
+msgid ""
+"All complex programs, whether free or proprietary, contain bugs. What makes "
+"bugs more dangerous in proprietary software is that users are <em>helpless "
+"to fix any security problems that arise</em>. Keeping the users helpless is "
+"what's culpable about proprietary software."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <div><ul><li><p>
+msgid ""
+"Many models of Internet-connected cameras <a href=\"/proprietary/proprietary-"
+"back-doors.html#InternetCameraBackDoor\"> have backdoors</a>."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <div><ul><li><p>
+msgid ""
+"That is a malicious functionality, but in addition it is a gross insecurity "
+"since anyone, including malicious crackers, <a href=\"https://arstechnica.";
+"com/security/2017/06/internet-cameras-expose-private-video-feeds-and-remote-"
+"controls/\">can find those accounts and use them to get into users' cameras</"
+"a>."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <div><ul><li><p>
+msgid ""
+"Intel's CPU backdoor—the Intel Management Engine—had a <a href="
+"\"https://arstechnica.com/security/2017/05/intel-patches-remote-code-";
+"execution-bug-that-lurked-in-cpus-for-10-years/\">major security "
+"vulnerability for 10 years</a>."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <div><ul><li><p>
+msgid ""
+"The vulnerability allowed a cracker to access the computer's Intel Active "
+"Management Technology (AMT) <a href=\"https://arstechnica.com/";
+"security/2017/05/the-hijacking-flaw-that-lurked-in-intel-chips-is-worse-than-"
+"anyone-thought/\"> web interface with an empty password and gave "
+"administrative access</a> to access the computer's keyboard, mouse, monitor "
+"among other privileges."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <div><ul><li><p>
+msgid ""
+"It does not help that in newer Intel processors, it is impossible to turn "
+"off the Intel Management Engine. Thus, even users who are proactive about "
+"their security can do nothing to protect themselves besides using machines "
+"that don't come with the backdoor."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <div><ul><li><p>
+msgid ""
+"Conexant HD Audio Driver Package (version 1.0.0.46 and earlier) pre-"
+"installed on 28 models of HP laptops logged the user's keystroke to a file "
+"in the filesystem. Any process with access to the filesystem or the "
+"MapViewOfFile API could gain access to the log. Furthermore, <a href="
+"\"https://www.modzero.ch/advisories/MZ-17-01-Conexant-Keylogger.txt";
+"\">according to modzero</a> the “information-leak via Covert Storage "
+"Channel enables malware authors to capture keystrokes without taking the "
+"risk of being classified as malicious task by AV heuristics”."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <div><ul><li><p>
+msgid ""
+"4G LTE phone networks are drastically insecure. They can be <a href="
+"\"https://www.theregister.co.uk/2016/10/23/";
+"every_lte_call_text_can_be_intercepted_blacked_out_hacker_finds/\"> taken "
+"over by third parties and used for man-in-the-middle attacks</a>."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <div><ul><li><p>
+msgid ""
+"Antivirus programs have so many errors that <a href=\"https://";
+"theconversation.com/as-more-vulnerabilities-are-discovered-is-it-time-to-"
+"uninstall-antivirus-software-61374\">they may make security worse</a>."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <div><ul><li><p>
+msgid "GNU/Linux does not need antivirus software."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <div><ul><li><p>
+msgid ""
+"<a href=\"http://www.theguardian.com/world/2013/sep/05/nsa-gchq-encryption-";
+"codes-security\">The NSA has put back doors into nonfree encryption "
+"software</a>. We don't know which ones they are, but we can be sure they "
+"include some widely used systems. This reinforces the point that you can "
+"never trust the security of nonfree software."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "Copyright © 2013, 2014, 2015, 2016, 2017, 2018, 2019, 2020 Free "
+#| "Software Foundation, Inc."
+msgid ""
+"Copyright © 2013, 2015, 2016, 2017, 2018, 2019, 2020 Free Software "
+"Foundation, Inc."
+msgstr ""
+"Copyright © 2013, 2014, 2015, 2016, 2017, 2018, 2019, 2020 Free "
+"Software Foundation, Inc."
+
+#. type: Content of: <title>
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid "Proprietary Software - GNU Project - Free Software Foundation"
+msgid "Proprietary Interference - GNU Project - Free Software Foundation"
+msgstr "ä¸æ软件 - GNU å·¥ç¨ - èªç±è½¯ä»¶åºéä¼"
+
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "<a href=\"/proprietary/proprietary-interference.html\">Interference</a>"
+msgid ""
+"<a href=\"/proprietary/proprietary.html\">Proprietary malware</a> → "
+"Interference"
+msgstr "<a href=\"/proprietary/proprietary-interference.html\">å¹²æ°</a>"
+
+#. type: Content of: <div><h2>
+msgid "Proprietary Interference"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <div><div><p>
+msgid ""
+"One kind of malicious functionality mediates developer's interference into "
+"the use of the software. This page describes how various proprietary "
+"programs harass or annoy the user, or cause trouble for the user. These "
+"actions are like <a href=\"/proprietary/proprietary-sabotage#about-page"
+"\">sabotage</a>, but the word “sabotage” is too strong for them."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <div><ul><li><p>
+msgid ""
+"Pearson's proprietary educational software <a href=\"https://gizmodo.com/";
+"pearson-embedded-a-social-psychological-experiment-in-s-1825367784\"> did an "
+"experiment on real students</a>, treating students differently to observe "
+"the results."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <div><ul><li><p>
+msgid ""
+"Oracle made a deal with Yahoo; Oracle's nonfree Java plug-in will <a href="
+"\"http://searchengineland.com/yahoo-signs-deal-with-oracle-to-attract-new-";
+"users-via-java-installs-224097\"> change the user's initial web page, and "
+"default search engine, to Yahoo</a> unless the user intervenes to stop it."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <title>
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid "Proprietary Software - GNU Project - Free Software Foundation"
+msgid "Proprietary Jails - GNU Project - Free Software Foundation"
+msgstr "ä¸æ软件 - GNU å·¥ç¨ - èªç±è½¯ä»¶åºéä¼"
+
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "<a href=\"/proprietary/proprietary-jails.html\">Jails</a> (<a href="
+#| "\"#f3\">3</a>)"
+msgid ""
+"<a href=\"/proprietary/proprietary.html\">Proprietary malware</a> → "
+"Jails"
+msgstr ""
+"<a href=\"/proprietary/proprietary-jails.html\">çç±</a> (<a href="
+"\"#f3\">3</a>)"
+
+#. type: Content of: <div><h2>
+msgid "Proprietary Jails"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <div><div><p>
+msgid ""
+"The “jails” are malicious operating systems that are designed to "
+"impose censorship of which applications the user can install. The <a href="
+"\"http://i.imgur.com/ZRViDum.jpg\";>image of the iPrison</a> illustrates this "
+"issue."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <div><div><p>
+msgid ""
+"These systems are platforms for censorship imposed by the company that owns "
+"the system. Selling products designed as platforms for a company to impose "
+"censorship ought to be forbidden by law, but it isn't."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <div><div><p>
+msgid ""
+"This page lists a few jails, along with some of the methods they use to "
+"censor apps, and includes specific examples of apps that were blocked using "
+"this censorship power."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <div><div><ul><li>
+msgid " <a href=\"#apple\">Apple</a> "
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <div><div><ul><li>
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid "<a href=\"/proprietary/malware-microsoft.html\">Microsoft</a>"
+msgid " <a href=\"#microsoft\">Microsoft</a> "
+msgstr "<a href=\"/proprietary/malware-microsoft.html\">微软</a>"
+
+#. type: Content of: <div><div><ul><li>
+msgid " <a href=\"#consoles\">Game consoles</a> "
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <div><h3>
+msgid "Microsoft"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
+msgid ""
+"No game can run on the console unless the console's manufacturer has "
+"authorized it. Alas, we can't find a article to cite as a reference for "
+"this fact. Please inform us if you know of one."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <title>
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid "Proprietary Software - GNU Project - Free Software Foundation"
+msgid "Proprietary Manipulation - GNU Project - Free Software Foundation"
+msgstr "ä¸æ软件 - GNU å·¥ç¨ - èªç±è½¯ä»¶åºéä¼"
+
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "<a href=\"/proprietary/proprietary-manipulation.html\">Manipulation</a>"
+msgid ""
+"<a href=\"/proprietary/proprietary.html\">Proprietary malware</a> → "
+"Manipulation"
+msgstr "<a href=\"/proprietary/proprietary-manipulation.html\">æ纵</a>"
+
+#. type: Content of: <div><h2>
+msgid "Proprietary Manipulation"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <div><div><p>
+msgid ""
+"Manipulation of users is one of these malicious functionalities. Here are "
+"examples of programs that are designed to do this by taking advantage of "
+"human psychology."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <div><div><p>
+msgid ""
+"We have a special page for <a href=\"/proprietary/proprietary-addictions.html"
+"\">Addictive programs</a>, which also take advantage of human psychology, "
+"but in a much more elaborate and dangerous way."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <title>
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid "Proprietary Software - GNU Project - Free Software Foundation"
+msgid "Proprietary Obsolescence - GNU Project - Free Software Foundation"
+msgstr "ä¸æ软件 - GNU å·¥ç¨ - èªç±è½¯ä»¶åºéä¼"
+
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "<a href=\"/proprietary/proprietary-obsolescence.html\">Obsolescence</a>"
+msgid ""
+"<a href=\"/proprietary/proprietary.html\">Proprietary malware</a> → "
+"Obsolescence"
+msgstr "<a href=\"/proprietary/proprietary-obsolescence.html\">è¿æ¶</a>"
+
+#. type: Content of: <div><h2>
+msgid "Proprietary Obsolescence"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <div><div><p>
+msgid ""
+"Programmed obsolescence is one of the malicious functionalities that may be "
+"designed into proprietary software."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <div><div><p>
+msgid ""
+"Computer technology inevitably has an environmental impact, but proprietary "
+"software makes it worse because it is often designed to lead or pressure "
+"users to discard devices sooner because support for them has ceased, or to "
+"discard defective hardware which could have been made repairable."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <div><div><p>
+msgid ""
+"Here are examples of proprietary programs that make hardware devices "
+"prematurely obsolete."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <div><ul><li><p>
+msgid ""
+"The British supermarket Tesco sold tablets which were tethered to Tesco's "
+"server for reinstalling default settings. Tesco <a href=\"https://www.";
+"theguardian.com/money/2019/mar/25/tesco-hudl-tablet-support-kill-fix\"> "
+"turned off the server for old models</a>, so now if you try to reinstall the "
+"default settings, it bricks them instead."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <title>
+msgid "Proprietary Software - GNU Project - Free Software Foundation"
+msgstr "ä¸æ软件 - GNU å·¥ç¨ - èªç±è½¯ä»¶åºéä¼"
+
+#. type: Content of: <style>
+#, no-wrap
+msgid " .reduced-width { width: 55em; }\n"
+msgstr " .reduced-width { width: 55em; }\n"
+
+#. type: Content of: <div><h2>
+msgid "Proprietary Software Is Often Malware"
+msgstr "ä¸æ软件常常æ¯æ¶æ软件"
+
+#. type: Content of: <div><div><p>
+msgid "<a href=\"#TOC\">Table of contents</a>"
+msgstr "<a href=\"#TOC\">ç®å½</a>"
+
+#. type: Content of: <div><div><p>
+msgid "<a href=\"#latest\">Latest additions</a>"
+msgstr "<a href=\"#latest\">ææ°æ·»å </a>"
+
+#. type: Content of: <div><div><p>
+msgid ""
+"Proprietary software, also called nonfree software, means software that "
+"doesn't <a href=\"/philosophy/free-sw.html\">respect users' freedom and "
+"community</a>. A proprietary program puts its developer or owner <a href=\"/"
+"philosophy/free-software-even-more-important.html\"> in a position of power "
+"over its users.</a> This power is in itself an injustice."
+msgstr ""
+"ä¸æ软件ï¼ä¹å«åéèªç±è½¯ä»¶ï¼æå³çè½¯ä»¶ä¸ <a
href=\"/philosophy/free-sw.html"
+"\">å°éç¨æ·çèªç±å社åº</a>ãä¸æ软件å°å
¶å¼åè
æææè
ç½®äº <a href=\"/"
+"philosophy/free-software-even-more-important.html\">对ç¨æ·çæ¯é
å°ä½</a>ãè¿"
+"ç§æåæ¬èº«å°±ä¸å
¬æ£ã"
+
+#. type: Content of: <div><div><p>
+msgid ""
+"The point of this page is that the initial injustice of proprietary software "
+"often leads to further injustices: malicious functionalities."
+msgstr "æ¬é¡µçéç¹æ¯ï¼ä¸æ软件å¼å§çä¸å
¬æ£é常ä¼å¯¼è´è¿ä¸æ¥çä¸å
¬æ£ï¼æ¶æåè½ã"
+
+# è¿éåç
§çæ¯ç¹ä½ä¸æçç¿»è¯
+#. type: Content of: <div><div><p>
+msgid ""
+"Power corrupts; the proprietary program's developer is tempted to design the "
+"program to mistreat its users. (Software whose functioning mistreats the "
+"user is called <em>malware</em>.) Of course, the developer usually does not "
+"do this out of malice, but rather to profit more at the users' expense. "
+"That does not make it any less nasty or more legitimate."
+msgstr ""
+"æå导è´è
è´¥ï¼ä¸æç¨åºçå¼å人å容æåå°è¯±æè设计è¿ç§ç¨åºæ¥æ¬ºéªå
¶ç¨æ·ãï¼å½"
+"è¿è¡ç软件ä¼ä¼¤å®³ä½¿ç¨è
æ¶ï¼æ们称ä¹ä¸º
<em>æ¶æ软件</em>ãï¼å½ç¶ï¼å¼åè
ä¸è¬ä¸"
+"æ¯åºèªæ¶æï¼åªæ¯å纯æ³çºç²ä½¿ç¨è
好让ä»ä»¬èµæ´å¤ãä½è¿ä¸ä»£è¡¨çä»ä»¬çæä½æ为就"
+"å æ¤æ²¡é£ä¹è®èï¼ææ¯åå¾æ£å½ã"
+
+#. type: Content of: <div><div><p>
+msgid ""
+"Yielding to that temptation has become ever more frequent; nowadays it is "
+"standard practice. Modern proprietary software is typically a way to be had."
+msgstr ""
+"åè¿ç§è¯±æå±æè¶æ¥è¶å¸¸è§ï¼å¦ä»ï¼è¿ç«æäºæ
åçåæ³ã 被æ¥æä¸æ软件ç°å¨æ¯å
¸å"
+"çåå¨ã"
+
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
+msgid ""
+"As of January, 2020, the pages in this directory list around 450 instances "
+"of malicious functionalities (with more than 500 references to back them "
+"up), but there are surely thousands more we don't know about."
+msgstr ""
+"æªè³ 2020 å¹´ 1 æï¼æ¤ç®å½ç页é¢ä¸ååºäºå¤§çº¦ 450
个æ¶æåè½å®ä¾ï¼æ 500 å¤ä»½è¯"
+"æ®æ¯æï¼ï¼ä½æ¯è¯å®è¿ææ°å个æ们ä¸ç¥éæ
åµã"
+
+#. type: Content of: <div><table><tr><th>
+msgid "Injustices or techniques"
+msgstr "ä¸å
¬æ£æè
ææ¯"
+
+#. type: Content of: <div><table><tr><th>
+msgid "Products or companies"
+msgstr "产åæè
å
¬å¸"
+
+#. type: Content of: <div><table><tr><td><ul><li>
+msgid "<a href=\"/proprietary/proprietary-addictions.html\">Addictions</a>"
+msgstr "<a href=\"/proprietary/proprietary-addictions.html\">æç¾</a>"
+
+#. type: Content of: <div><table><tr><td><ul><li>
+msgid ""
+"<a href=\"/proprietary/proprietary-back-doors.html\">Back doors</a> (<a "
+"href=\"#f1\">1</a>)"
+msgstr ""
+"<a href=\"/proprietary/proprietary-back-doors.html\">åé¨</a> (<a
href="
+"\"#f1\">1</a>)"
+
+#. type: Content of: <div><table><tr><td><ul><li>
+msgid "<a href=\"/proprietary/proprietary-censorship.html\">Censorship</a>"
+msgstr "<a href=\"/proprietary/proprietary-censorship.html\">审æ¥</a>"
+
+#. type: Content of: <div><table><tr><td><ul><li>
+msgid "<a href=\"/proprietary/proprietary-coverups.html\">Coverups</a>"
+msgstr "<a href=\"/proprietary/proprietary-coverups.html\">æ©ç</a>"
+
+#. type: Content of: <div><table><tr><td><ul><li>
+msgid "<a href=\"/proprietary/proprietary-deception.html\">Deception</a>"
+msgstr "<a href=\"/proprietary/proprietary-deception.html\">欺éª</a>"
+
+#. type: Content of: <div><table><tr><td><ul><li>
+msgid ""
+"<a href=\"/proprietary/proprietary-drm.html\">DRM</a> (<a href="
+"\"#f2\">2</a>)"
+msgstr ""
+"<a href=\"/proprietary/proprietary-drm.html\">DRM</a> (<a href="
+"\"#f2\">2</a>)"
+
+#. type: Content of: <div><table><tr><td><ul><li>
+msgid "<a href=\"/proprietary/proprietary-fraud.html\">Fraud</a>"
+msgstr "<a href=\"/proprietary/proprietary-fraud.html\">è¯éª</a>"
+
+#. type: Content of: <div><table><tr><td><ul><li>
+msgid ""
+"<a href=\"/proprietary/proprietary-incompatibility.html\">Incompatibility</a>"
+msgstr "<a href=\"/proprietary/proprietary-incompatibility.html\">ä¸å
¼å®¹</a>"
+
+#. type: Content of: <div><table><tr><td><ul><li>
+msgid "<a href=\"/proprietary/proprietary-insecurity.html\">Insecurity</a>"
+msgstr "<a href=\"/proprietary/proprietary-insecurity.html\">ä¸å®å
¨</a>"
+
+#. type: Content of: <div><table><tr><td><ul><li>
+msgid "<a href=\"/proprietary/proprietary-interference.html\">Interference</a>"
+msgstr "<a href=\"/proprietary/proprietary-interference.html\">å¹²æ°</a>"
+
+#. type: Content of: <div><table><tr><td><ul><li>
+msgid ""
+"<a href=\"/proprietary/proprietary-jails.html\">Jails</a> (<a href="
+"\"#f3\">3</a>)"
+msgstr ""
+"<a href=\"/proprietary/proprietary-jails.html\">çç±</a> (<a href="
+"\"#f3\">3</a>)"
+
+#. type: Content of: <div><table><tr><td><ul><li>
+msgid "<a href=\"/proprietary/proprietary-manipulation.html\">Manipulation</a>"
+msgstr "<a href=\"/proprietary/proprietary-manipulation.html\">æ纵</a>"
+
+#. type: Content of: <div><table><tr><td><ul><li>
+msgid "<a href=\"/proprietary/proprietary-obsolescence.html\">Obsolescence</a>"
+msgstr "<a href=\"/proprietary/proprietary-obsolescence.html\">è¿æ¶</a>"
+
+#. type: Content of: <div><table><tr><td><ul><li>
+msgid "<a href=\"/proprietary/proprietary-sabotage.html\">Sabotage</a>"
+msgstr "<a href=\"/proprietary/proprietary-sabotage.html\">ç ´å</a>"
+
+#. type: Content of: <div><table><tr><td><ul><li>
+msgid ""
+"<a href=\"/proprietary/proprietary-subscriptions.html\">Subscriptions</a>"
+msgstr "<a href=\"/proprietary/proprietary-subscriptions.html\">订é
</a>"
+
+#. type: Content of: <div><table><tr><td><ul><li>
+msgid "<a href=\"/proprietary/proprietary-surveillance.html\">Surveillance</a>"
+msgstr "<a href=\"/proprietary/proprietary-surveillance.html\">çè§</a>"
+
+#. type: Content of: <div><table><tr><td><ul><li>
+msgid ""
+"<a href=\"/proprietary/proprietary-tethers.html\">Tethers</a> (<a href="
+"\"#f4\">4</a>)"
+msgstr ""
+"<a href=\"/proprietary/proprietary-tethers.html\">æç¼</a> (<a href="
+"\"#f4\">4</a>)"
+
+#. type: Content of: <div><table><tr><td><ul><li>
+msgid ""
+"<a href=\"/proprietary/proprietary-tyrants.html\">Tyrants</a> (<a href="
+"\"#f5\">5</a>)"
+msgstr ""
+"<a href=\"/proprietary/proprietary-tyrants.html\">ç¬è£</a> (<a href="
+"\"#f5\">5</a>)"
+
+#. type: Content of: <div><table><tr><td><ul><li>
+msgid "<a href=\"/proprietary/potential-malware.html\">In the pipe</a>"
+msgstr "<a href=\"/proprietary/potential-malware.html\">管éä¹ä¸</a>"
+
+#. type: Content of: <div><table><tr><td><ul><li>
+msgid "<a href=\"/proprietary/malware-appliances.html\">Appliances</a>"
+msgstr "<a href=\"/proprietary/malware-appliances.html\">åºç¨</a>"
+
+#. type: Content of: <div><table><tr><td><ul><li>
+msgid "<a href=\"/proprietary/malware-cars.html\">Cars</a>"
+msgstr "<a href=\"/proprietary/malware-cars.html\">汽车</a>"
+
+#. type: Content of: <div><table><tr><td><ul><li>
+msgid "<a href=\"/proprietary/malware-games.html\">Games</a>"
+msgstr "<a href=\"/proprietary/malware-games.html\">游æ</a>"
+
+#. type: Content of: <div><table><tr><td><ul><li>
+msgid "<a href=\"/proprietary/malware-mobiles.html\">Mobiles</a>"
+msgstr "<a href=\"/proprietary/malware-mobiles.html\">ææº</a>"
+
+#. type: Content of: <div><table><tr><td><ul><li>
+msgid "<a href=\"/proprietary/malware-webpages.html\">Webpages</a>"
+msgstr "<a href=\"/proprietary/malware-webpages.html\">ç½é¡µ</a>"
+
+#. type: Content of: <div><table><tr><td><ul><li>
+msgid "<a href=\"/proprietary/malware-adobe.html\">Adobe</a>"
+msgstr "<a href=\"/proprietary/malware-adobe.html\">Adobe</a>"
+
+#. type: Content of: <div><table><tr><td><ul><li>
+msgid "<a href=\"/proprietary/malware-amazon.html\">Amazon</a>"
+msgstr "<a href=\"/proprietary/malware-amazon.html\">äºé©¬é</a>"
+
+#. type: Content of: <div><table><tr><td><ul><li>
+msgid "<a href=\"/proprietary/malware-apple.html\">Apple</a>"
+msgstr "<a href=\"/proprietary/malware-apple.html\">è¹æ</a>"
+
+#. type: Content of: <div><table><tr><td><ul><li>
+msgid "<a href=\"/proprietary/malware-google.html\">Google</a>"
+msgstr "<a href=\"/proprietary/malware-google.html\">è°·æ</a>"
+
+#. type: Content of: <div><table><tr><td><ul><li>
+msgid "<a href=\"/proprietary/malware-microsoft.html\">Microsoft</a>"
+msgstr "<a href=\"/proprietary/malware-microsoft.html\">微软</a>"
+
+#. type: Content of: <div><table><tr><td><ol><li>
+msgid ""
+"<em>Back door:</em> any feature of a program that enables someone who "
+"is not supposed to be in control of the computer where it is installed to "
+"send it commands."
+msgstr ""
+"<em>åé¨ï¼</em> 让åæ¬æ
ææ§å¶è®¡ç®æºç人å¯ä»¥å计ç®æºåéå½ä»¤çç¨åºåè½ã"
+
+#. type: Content of: <div><table><tr><td><ol><li>
+msgid ""
+"<em>Digital restrictions management, or “DRM”:</em> "
+"functionalities designed to restrict what users can do with the data in "
+"their computers."
+msgstr ""
+"<em>æ°åéå¶ç®¡çï¼æ“DRM”ï¼</em> æ¨å¨éå¶ç¨æ·å¯¹è®¡ç®æºä¸æ°æ®"
+"è¿è¡å¤ççåè½ã"
+
+#. type: Content of: <div><table><tr><td><ol><li>
+msgid ""
+"<em>Jail:</em> system that imposes censorship on application programs."
+msgstr "<em>çç±ï¼</em> 对åºç¨ç¨åºè¿è¡å®¡æ¥çç³»ç»ã"
+
+#. type: Content of: <div><table><tr><td><ol><li>
+msgid ""
+"<em>Tether:</em> functionality that requires permanent (or very "
+"frequent) connection to a server."
+msgstr "<em>æç¼ï¼</em> éè¦æ°¸ä¹
ï¼æé常é¢ç¹ï¼è¿æ¥å°æå¡å¨çåè½ã"
+
+#. type: Content of: <div><table><tr><td><ol><li>
+msgid ""
+"<em>Tyrant:</em> system that rejects any operating system not “"
+"authorized” by the manufacturer."
+msgstr ""
+"<em>ç¬è£ï¼</em> æç»å®è£
ä»»ä½æªç»å¶é
å“ææ”çæä½ç³»ç»çç³»"
+"ç»ã"
+
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
+msgid ""
+"Users of proprietary software are defenseless against these forms of "
+"mistreatment. The way to avoid them is by insisting on <a href=\"/"
+"philosophy/free-software-even-more-important.html\">free (freedom-"
+"respecting) software</a>. Since free software is controlled by its users, "
+"they have a pretty good defense against malicious software functionality."
+msgstr ""
+"ä¸æ软件çç¨æ·æ æ³æµå¾¡è¿äºåè¿«ãé¿å
å®ä»¬çæ¹æ³æ¯åæä½¿ç¨ <a href=\"/"
+"philosophy/free-software-even-more-important.html\">èªç±ï¼å°éèªç±çï¼è½¯ä»¶</"
+"a>ãç±äºèªç±è½¯ä»¶ç±å
¶ç¨æ·æ§å¶ï¼å
æ¤å®ä»¬å¯ä»¥å¾å¥½å°é²å¾¡è½¯ä»¶çæ¶æåè½ã"
+
+#. type: Content of: <div><h3>
+msgid "Latest additions"
+msgstr "ææ°æ·»å "
+
+#. type: Content of: <div><ul><li><p>
+msgid ""
+"Some Avast and AVG extensions for Firefox and Chrome were found to <a href="
+"\"https://www.itpro.co.uk/security/internet-security/354417/avast-and-avg-";
+"extensions-pulled-from-chrome\"> snoop on users' detailed browsing habits</"
+"a>. Mozilla and Google removed the problematic extensions from their stores, "
+"but this shows once more how unsafe nonfree software can be. Tools that are "
+"supposed to protect a proprietary system are, instead, infecting it with "
+"additional malware (the system itself being the original malware)."
+msgstr ""
+"ç«çå Chrome ç Aast å AVG æ©å±è¢«åç°ä¼ <a
href=\"https://www.itpro.co.uk/";
+"security/internet-security/354417/avast-and-avg-extensions-pulled-from-chrome"
+"\">窥æ¢ç¨æ·ç详ç»æµè§ä¹ æ¯</a>ãMozilla å Google
ä»åºç¨ååºä¸å é¤äºæé®é¢çæ©"
+"å±ç¨åºï¼ä½è¿å次表æäºéèªç±è½¯ä»¶æå¤ä¹ä¸å®å
¨ãåæ¬ç¨æ¥ä¿æ¤ä¸æç³»ç»çå·¥å
·ï¼å"
+"è¿æ¥ï¼ä¼è®©ç³»ç»ææé¢å¤çæ¶æ软件ï¼ç³»ç»æ¬èº«å°±æ¯åå§æ¶æ软件ï¼ã"
+
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
+msgid ""
+"Copyright © 2013, 2014, 2015, 2016, 2017, 2018, 2019, 2020 Free "
+"Software Foundation, Inc."
+msgstr ""
+"Copyright © 2013, 2014, 2015, 2016, 2017, 2018, 2019, 2020 Free "
+"Software Foundation, Inc."
+
+#. type: Content of: <title>
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid "Proprietary Software - GNU Project - Free Software Foundation"
+msgid "Proprietary Sabotage - GNU Project - Free Software Foundation"
+msgstr "ä¸æ软件 - GNU å·¥ç¨ - èªç±è½¯ä»¶åºéä¼"
+
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid "<a href=\"/proprietary/proprietary-sabotage.html\">Sabotage</a>"
+msgid ""
+"<a href=\"/proprietary/proprietary.html\">Proprietary malware</a> → "
+"Sabotage"
+msgstr "<a href=\"/proprietary/proprietary-sabotage.html\">ç ´å</a>"
+
+#. type: Content of: <div><h2>
+msgid "Proprietary Sabotage"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <div><div><p>
+msgid ""
+"Some malicious functionalities mediate sabotage, i.e. abusive interference "
+"of the developer into the use of the software, with harmful consequences for "
+"the users. Examples of such situations are listed below."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <div><ul><li><p>
+msgid ""
+"Foundry's graphics software <a href=\"https://torrentfreak.com/software-";
+"company-fines-pirates-after-monitoring-their-computers-181102/\"> reports "
+"information to identify who is running it</a>. The result is often a legal "
+"threat demanding a lot of money."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <div><ul><li><p>
+msgid ""
+"The fact that this is used for repression of forbidden sharing makes it even "
+"more vicious."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <div><ul><li><p>
+msgid ""
+"This illustrates that making unauthorized copies of nonfree software is not "
+"a cure for the injustice of nonfree software. It may avoid paying for the "
+"nasty thing, but cannot make it less nasty."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <div><ul><li><p>
+msgid ""
+"The Canary home surveillance camera has been sabotaged by its manufacturer, "
+"<a href=\"https://www.theverge.com/circuitbreaker/2017/10/4/16426394/canary-";
+"smart-home-camera-free-service-update-change\"> turning off many features "
+"unless the user starts paying for a subscription</a>."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <div><ul><li><p>
+msgid "With manufacturers like these, who needs security breakers?"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <div><ul><li><p>
+msgid ""
+"The purchasers should learn the larger lesson and reject connected "
+"appliances with embedded proprietary software. Every such product is a "
+"temptation to commit sabotage."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <div><ul><li><p>
+msgid ""
+"Tesla used software to limit customers to using just <a href=\"https://";
+"techcrunch.com/2017/09/09/tesla-flips-a-switch-to-increase-the-range-of-some-"
+"cars-in-florida-to-help-people-evacuate/\">part of the battery of some cars</"
+"a>."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <div><ul><li><p>
+msgid ""
+"<a href=\"https://www.computerworld.com/article/2984889/lenovo-collects-";
+"usage-data-on-thinkpad-thinkcentre-and-thinkstation-pcs.html\"> Lenovo "
+"stealthily installed crapware and spyware via BIOS</a> on Windows installs. "
+"Note that the specific sabotage method Lenovo used did not affect GNU/Linux; "
+"also, a “clean” Windows install is not really clean since <a "
+"href=\"/proprietary/malware-microsoft.html\">Microsoft puts in its own "
+"malware</a>."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <div><ul><li><p>
+msgid ""
+"Oracle's nonfree Java plug-in for browsers <a href=\"http://www.zdnet.com/";
+"article/a-close-look-at-how-oracle-installs-deceptive-software-with-java-"
+"updates/\">sneakily installs other annoying proprietary software</a>."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <div><ul><li><p>
+msgid ""
+"That article disregards all other bad things about proprietary software. "
+"For instance, it regards the inclusion of proprietary Flash Player (which "
+"has a <a href=\"http://www.imasuper.com/66/technology/flash-cookies-the-";
+"silent-privacy-killer/\">surveillance feature</a> and DRM) in Chrome as a "
+"good thing. Chrome is a proprietary browser with a universal back door."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <div><ul><li><p>
+msgid ""
+"We don't agree with the article's views on those issues, but we present it "
+"as a factual reference."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <div><ul><li><p>
+msgid ""
+"In 2014, <a href=\"https://www.computerworld.com/article/2494794/oracle-will-";
+"continue-to-bundle--crapware--with-java.html\"> Oracle insisted on "
+"continuing this practice</a>."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <title>
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid "Proprietary Software - GNU Project - Free Software Foundation"
+msgid "Proprietary Subscriptions - GNU Project - Free Software Foundation"
+msgstr "ä¸æ软件 - GNU å·¥ç¨ - èªç±è½¯ä»¶åºéä¼"
+
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "<a href=\"/proprietary/proprietary-subscriptions.html\">Subscriptions</a>"
+msgid ""
+"<a href=\"/proprietary/proprietary.html\">Proprietary malware</a> → "
+"Subscriptions"
+msgstr "<a href=\"/proprietary/proprietary-subscriptions.html\">订é
</a>"
+
+#. type: Content of: <div><h2>
+msgid "Proprietary Subscriptions"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <div><div><p>
+msgid ""
+"It sounds simple to say that a certain program “requires a "
+"subscription.” What that means concretely is that it contains a time "
+"bomb, so that it will refuse to operate after that date. Or else it is <a "
+"href=\"/proprietary/proprietary-tethers.html#about-page\">tethered to a "
+"server</a>, and that server checks the date. Either one is a malicious "
+"functionality."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <div><div><p>
+msgid ""
+"Examples of software subscriptions that harmed users directly are given "
+"below."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "Copyright © 2013, 2014, 2015, 2016, 2017, 2018, 2019, 2020 Free "
+#| "Software Foundation, Inc."
+msgid "Copyright © 2016, 2017, 2018, 2019 Free Software Foundation, Inc."
+msgstr ""
+"Copyright © 2013, 2014, 2015, 2016, 2017, 2018, 2019, 2020 Free "
+"Software Foundation, Inc."
+
+#. type: Content of: <title>
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid "Proprietary Software - GNU Project - Free Software Foundation"
+msgid "Proprietary Surveillance - GNU Project - Free Software Foundation"
+msgstr "ä¸æ软件 - GNU å·¥ç¨ - èªç±è½¯ä»¶åºéä¼"
+
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "<a href=\"/proprietary/proprietary-surveillance.html\">Surveillance</a>"
+msgid ""
+"<a href=\"/proprietary/proprietary.html\">Proprietary malware</a> → "
+"Surveillance"
+msgstr "<a href=\"/proprietary/proprietary-surveillance.html\">çè§</a>"
+
+#. type: Content of: <div><h2>
+msgid "Proprietary Surveillance"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <div><div><a>
+msgid "<a href=\"/graphics/dog.html\">"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Attribute 'alt' of: <div><div><a><img>
+msgid ""
+"Cartoon of a dog, wondering at the three ads that popped up on his computer "
+"screen..."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <div><div>
+msgid "</a>"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <div><div><p>
+msgid "“How did they find out I'm a dog?”"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <div><div><p>
+msgid ""
+"A common malicious functionality is to snoop on the user. This page records "
+"<strong>clearly established cases of proprietary software that spies on or "
+"tracks users</strong>. Manufacturers even refuse to <a href=\"https://";
+"techcrunch.com/2018/10/19/smart-home-devices-hoard-data-government-demands/"
+"\">say whether they snoop on users for the state</a>."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <div><div><p>
+msgid ""
+"All appliances and applications that are tethered to a specific server are "
+"snoopers by nature. We do not list them here because they have their own "
+"page: <a href=\"/proprietary/proprietary-tethers.html#about-page"
+"\">Proprietary Tethers</a>."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <div><div><h3>
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid "<a href=\"#TOC\">Table of contents</a>"
+msgid "Table of Contents"
+msgstr "<a href=\"#TOC\">ç®å½</a>"
+
+#. type: Content of: <div><div><h4>
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid "<a href=\"#latest\">Latest additions</a>"
+msgid "<a href=\"#Introduction\">Introduction</a>"
+msgstr "<a href=\"#latest\">ææ°æ·»å </a>"
+
+#. type: Content of: <div><div><h4>
+msgid "<a href=\"#OSSpyware\">Spyware in Laptops and Desktops</a>"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <div><div><ul><li>
+msgid "<a href=\"#SpywareInWindows\">Windows</a>"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <div><div><ul><li>
+msgid "<a href=\"#SpywareInMacOS\">MacOS</a>"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <div><div><ul><li>
+msgid "<a href=\"#SpywareInBIOS\">BIOS</a>"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <div><div><h4>
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid "<a href=\"/proprietary/malware-mobiles.html\">Mobiles</a>"
+msgid "<a href=\"#SpywareOnMobiles\">Spyware on Mobiles</a>"
+msgstr "<a href=\"/proprietary/malware-mobiles.html\">ææº</a>"
+
+#. type: Content of: <div><div><ul><li>
+msgid "<a href=\"#SpywareInTelephones\">All “Smart” Phones</a>"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <div><div><ul><li>
+msgid "<a href=\"#SpywareIniThings\">iThings</a>"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <div><div><ul><li>
+msgid "<a href=\"#SpywareInAndroid\">Android Telephones</a>"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <div><div><ul><li>
+msgid "<a href=\"#SpywareInElectronicReaders\">E-Readers</a>"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <div><div><h4>
+msgid "<a href=\"#SpywareInApplications\">Spyware in Applications</a>"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <div><div><ul><li>
+msgid "<a href=\"#SpywareInDesktopApps\">Desktop Apps</a>"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <div><div><ul><li>
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid "<a href=\"/proprietary/malware-mobiles.html\">Mobiles</a>"
+msgid "<a href=\"#SpywareInMobileApps\">Mobile Apps</a>"
+msgstr "<a href=\"/proprietary/malware-mobiles.html\">ææº</a>"
+
+#. type: Content of: <div><div><ul><li>
+msgid "<a href=\"#SpywareInSkype\">Skype</a>"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <div><div><ul><li>
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid "<a href=\"/proprietary/malware-games.html\">Games</a>"
+msgid "<a href=\"#SpywareInGames\">Games</a>"
+msgstr "<a href=\"/proprietary/malware-games.html\">游æ</a>"
+
+#. type: Content of: <div><div><h4>
+msgid "<a href=\"#SpywareInEquipment\">Spyware in Connected Equipment</a>"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <div><div><ul><li>
+msgid "<a href=\"#SpywareInTVSets\">TV Sets</a>"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <div><div><ul><li>
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid "<a href=\"/proprietary/malware-games.html\">Games</a>"
+msgid "<a href=\"#SpywareInCameras\">Cameras</a>"
+msgstr "<a href=\"/proprietary/malware-games.html\">游æ</a>"
+
+#. type: Content of: <div><div><ul><li>
+msgid "<a href=\"#SpywareInToys\">Toys</a>"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <div><div><ul><li>
+msgid "<a href=\"#SpywareInDrones\">Drones</a>"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <div><div><ul><li>
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid "<a href=\"/proprietary/malware-appliances.html\">Appliances</a>"
+msgid "<a href=\"#SpywareAtHome\">Other Appliances</a>"
+msgstr "<a href=\"/proprietary/malware-appliances.html\">åºç¨</a>"
+
+#. type: Content of: <div><div><ul><li>
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid "<a href=\"/proprietary/malware-webpages.html\">Webpages</a>"
+msgid "<a href=\"#SpywareOnWearables\">Wearables</a>"
+msgstr "<a href=\"/proprietary/malware-webpages.html\">ç½é¡µ</a>"
+
+#. type: Content of: <div><div><ul><li><ul><li>
+msgid "<a href=\"#SpywareOnSmartWatches\">“Smart” Watches</a>"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <div><div><ul><li>
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid "<a href=\"/proprietary/malware-mobiles.html\">Mobiles</a>"
+msgid "<a href=\"#SpywareInVehicles\">Vehicles</a>"
+msgstr "<a href=\"/proprietary/malware-mobiles.html\">ææº</a>"
+
+#. type: Content of: <div><div><ul><li>
+msgid "<a href=\"#SpywareInVR\">Virtual Reality</a>"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <div><div><h4>
+msgid "<a href=\"#SpywareOnTheWeb\">Spyware on the Web</a>"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <div><div><ul><li>
+msgid "<a href=\"#SpywareInChrome\">Chrome</a>"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <div><div><ul><li>
+msgid "<a href=\"#SpywareInJavaScript\">JavaScript</a>"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <div><div><ul><li>
+msgid "<a href=\"#SpywareInFlash\">Flash</a>"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <div><div><h4>
+msgid "<a href=\"#SpywareInNetworks\">Spyware in Networks</a>"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <div><div><h3>
+msgid "Introduction"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
+msgid ""
+"For decades, the Free Software movement has been denouncing the abusive "
+"surveillance machine of <a href=\"/proprietary/proprietary.html"
+"\">proprietary software</a> companies such as <a href=\"/proprietary/malware-"
+"microsoft.html\">Microsoft</a> and <a href=\"/proprietary/malware-apple.html"
+"\">Apple</a>. In the recent years, this tendency to watch people has spread "
+"across industries, not only in the software business, but also in the "
+"hardware. Moreover, it also spread dramatically away from the keyboard, in "
+"the mobile computing industry, in the office, at home, in transportation "
+"systems, and in the classroom."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <div><h4>
+msgid "Aggregate or anonymized data"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
+msgid ""
+"Many companies, in their privacy policy, have a clause that claims they "
+"share aggregate, non-personally identifiable information with third parties/"
+"partners. Such claims are worthless, for several reasons:"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <div><ul><li>
+msgid "They could change the policy at any time."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <div><ul><li>
+msgid ""
+"They can twist the words by distributing an “aggregate” of "
+"“anonymized” data which can be reidentified and attributed to "
+"individuals."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <div><ul><li>
+msgid ""
+"The raw data they don't normally distribute can be taken by data breaches."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <div><ul><li>
+msgid "The raw data they don't normally distribute can be taken by subpoena."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
+msgid ""
+"Therefore, we must not be distracted by companies' statements of what they "
+"will <em>do</em> with the data they collect. The wrong is that they collect "
+"it at all."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
+msgid ""
+"Entries in each category are in reverse chronological order, based on the "
+"dates of publication of linked articles. The latest additions are listed on "
+"the <a href=\"/proprietary/proprietary.html#latest\">main page</a> of the "
+"Malware section."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <div><div><h3>
+msgid "Spyware in Laptops and Desktops"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <div><div>
+msgid ""
+"<span class=\"anchor-reference-id\">(<a href=\"#OSSpyware\">#OSSpyware</a>)</"
+"span>"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <div><div><h4>
+msgid "Windows"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <div><div>
+msgid ""
+"<span class=\"anchor-reference-id\">(<a href=\"#SpywareInWindows"
+"\">#SpywareInWindows</a>)</span>"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <div><ul><li><p>
+msgid ""
+"HP's proprietary operating system <a href=\"http://www.bbc.com/news/";
+"technology-42309371\">includes a proprietary keyboard driver with a key "
+"logger in it</a>."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <div><ul><li><p>
+msgid ""
+"<a href=\"https://web.archive.org/web/20150905163414/http://www.pocket-lint.";
+"com/news/134954-cortana-is-always-listening-with-new-wake-on-voice-tech-even-"
+"when-windows-10-is-sleeping\"> Intel devices will be able to listen for "
+"speech all the time, even when “off.”</a>"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <div><ul><li><p>
+msgid ""
+"<a href=\"https://www.techrepublic.com/blog/asian-technology/japanese-";
+"government-warns-baidu-ime-is-spying-on-users/\"> Baidu's Japanese-input and "
+"Chinese-input apps spy on users</a>."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
+msgid ""
+"Microsoft's snooping on users did not start with Windows 10. There's a lot "
+"more <a href=\"/proprietary/malware-microsoft.html\"> Microsoft malware</a>."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <div><div><h4>
+msgid "MacOS"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <div><div>
+msgid ""
+"<span class=\"anchor-reference-id\">(<a href=\"#SpywareInMacOS"
+"\">#SpywareInMacOS</a>)</span>"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
+msgid ""
+"There's a lot more <a href=\"#SpywareIniThings\">iThing spyware</a>, and <a "
+"href=\"/proprietary/malware-apple.html\">Apple malware</a>."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <div><div>
+msgid "<span id=\"SpywareAtLowLevel\"></span>"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <div><div><h4>
+msgid "BIOS"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <div><div>
+msgid ""
+"<span class=\"anchor-reference-id\">(<a href=\"#SpywareInBIOS"
+"\">#SpywareInBIOS</a>)</span>"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <div><div><h3>
+msgid "Spyware on Mobiles"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <div><div>
+msgid ""
+"<span class=\"anchor-reference-id\">(<a href=\"#SpywareOnMobiles"
+"\">#SpywareOnMobiles</a>)</span>"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <div><div><h4>
+msgid "All “Smart” Phones"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <div><div>
+msgid ""
+"<span class=\"anchor-reference-id\">(<a href=\"#SpywareInTelephones"
+"\">#SpywareInTelephones</a>)</span>"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <div><div><h4>
+msgid "iThings"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <div><div>
+msgid ""
+"<span class=\"anchor-reference-id\">(<a href=\"#SpywareIniThings"
+"\">#SpywareIniThings</a>)</span>"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <div><div><h4>
+msgid "Android Telephones"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <div><div>
+msgid ""
+"<span class=\"anchor-reference-id\">(<a href=\"#SpywareInAndroid"
+"\">#SpywareInAndroid</a>)</span>"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <div><div><h4>
+msgid "E-Readers"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <div><div>
+msgid ""
+"<span class=\"anchor-reference-id\">(<a href=\"#SpywareInElectronicReaders"
+"\">#SpywareInElectronicReaders</a>)</span>"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <div><ul><li><p>
+msgid ""
+"Spyware in many e-readers—not only the Kindle: <a href=\"https://www.";
+"eff.org/pages/reader-privacy-chart-2012\"> they report even which page the "
+"user reads at what time</a>."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <div><div><h3>
+msgid "Spyware in Applications"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <div><div>
+msgid ""
+"<span class=\"anchor-reference-id\">(<a href=\"#SpywareInApplications"
+"\">#SpywareInApplications</a>)</span>"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <div><div><h4>
+msgid "Desktop Apps"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <div><div>
+msgid ""
+"<span class=\"anchor-reference-id\">(<a href=\"#SpywareInDesktopApps"
+"\">#SpywareInDesktopApps</a>)</span>"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <div><div><h4>
+msgid "Mobile Apps"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <div><div>
+msgid ""
+"<span class=\"anchor-reference-id\">(<a href=\"#SpywareInMobileApps"
+"\">#SpywareInMobileApps</a>)</span>"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <div><ul><li><p>
+msgid ""
+"Twenty nine “beauty camera” apps that used to be on Google Play "
+"had one or more malicious functionalities, such as <a href=\"https://www.";
+"teleanalysis.com/news/national/these-29-beauty-camera-apps-steal-private-"
+"photo-29923\"> stealing users' photos</a> instead of “"
+"beautifying” them, pushing unwanted and often malicious ads on users, "
+"and redirecting them to phishing sites that stole their credentials. "
+"Furthermore, the user interface of most of them was designed to make "
+"uninstallation difficult."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <div><div><h4>
+msgid "Skype"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <div><div>
+msgid ""
+"<span class=\"anchor-reference-id\">(<a href=\"#SpywareInSkype"
+"\">#SpywareInSkype</a>)</span>"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <div><div>
+msgid ""
+"<span class=\"anchor-reference-id\">(<a href=\"#SpywareInGames"
+"\">#SpywareInGames</a>)</span>"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <div><div><h3>
+msgid "Spyware in Connected Equipment"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <div><div>
+msgid ""
+"<span class=\"anchor-reference-id\">(<a href=\"#SpywareInEquipment"
+"\">#SpywareInEquipment</a>)</span>"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <div><div><h4>
+msgid "TV Sets"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <div><div>
+msgid ""
+"<span class=\"anchor-reference-id\">(<a href=\"#SpywareInTVSets"
+"\">#SpywareInTVSets</a>)</span>"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
+msgid ""
+"Emo Phillips made a joke: The other day a woman came up to me and said, "
+"“Didn't I see you on television?” I said, “I don't know. "
+"You can't see out the other way.” Evidently that was before Amazon "
+"“smart” TVs."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <div><ul><li><p>
+msgid ""
+"Meanwhile, LG TVs <a href=\"http://www.techdirt.com/";
+"articles/20140511/17430627199/lg-will-take-smart-out-your-smart-tv-if-you-"
+"dont-agree-to-share-your-viewing-search-data-with-third-parties.shtml\"> do "
+"lots of spying anyway</a>."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <div><div><h4>
+msgid "Cameras"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <div><div>
+msgid ""
+"<span class=\"anchor-reference-id\">(<a href=\"#SpywareInCameras"
+"\">#SpywareInCameras</a>)</span>"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <div><div><h4>
+msgid "Toys"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <div><div>
+msgid ""
+"<span class=\"anchor-reference-id\">(<a href=\"#SpywareInToys"
+"\">#SpywareInToys</a>)</span>"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <div><ul><li><p>
+msgid ""
+"The “smart” toys My Friend Cayla and i-Que transmit <a href="
+"\"https://www.forbrukerradet.no/siste-nytt/connected-toys-violate-consumer-";
+"laws\">children's conversations to Nuance Communications</a>, a speech "
+"recognition company based in the U.S."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <div><ul><li><p>
+msgid ""
+"Those toys also contain major security vulnerabilities; crackers can "
+"remotely control the toys with a mobile phone. This would enable crackers to "
+"listen in on a child's speech, and even speak into the toys themselves."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <div><div><h4>
+msgid "Drones"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <div><div>
+msgid ""
+"<span class=\"anchor-reference-id\">(<a href=\"#SpywareInDrones"
+"\">#SpywareInDrones</a>)</span>"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <div><div><h4>
+msgid "Other Appliances"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <div><div>
+msgid ""
+"<span class=\"anchor-reference-id\">(<a href=\"#SpywareAtHome"
+"\">#SpywareAtHome</a>)</span>"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <div><ul><li><p>
+msgid ""
+"Lots of “smart” products are designed <a href=\"http://enews.";
+"cnet.com/ct/42931641:shoPz52LN:m:1:1509237774:"
+"B54C9619E39F7247C0D58117DD1C7E96:r:27417204357610908031812337994022\">to "
+"listen to everyone in the house, all the time</a>."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <div><ul><li><p>
+msgid ""
+"Today's technological practice does not include any way of making a device "
+"that can obey your voice commands without potentially spying on you. Even "
+"if it is air-gapped, it could be saving up records about you for later "
+"examination."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <div><ul><li><p>
+msgid ""
+"<a href=\"https://web.archive.org/web/20180911191954/http://consumerman.com/";
+"Rent-to-own%20giant%20accused%20of%20spying%20on%20its%20customers.htm\"> "
+"Rent-to-own computers were programmed to spy on their renters</a>."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <div><div><h4>
+msgid "Wearables"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <div><div>
+msgid ""
+"<span class=\"anchor-reference-id\">(<a href=\"#SpywareOnWearables"
+"\">#SpywareOnWearables</a>)</span>"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <div><ul><li><p>
+msgid ""
+"Tommy Hilfiger clothing <a href=\"https://www.theguardian.com/fashion/2018/";
+"jul/26/tommy-hilfiger-new-clothing-line-monitor-customers\">will monitor how "
+"often people wear it</a>."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <div><ul><li><p>
+msgid ""
+"This will teach the sheeple to find it normal that companies monitor every "
+"aspect of what they do."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <div><h5>
+msgid "“Smart” Watches"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <div><ul><li><p>
+msgid ""
+"A very cheap “smart watch” comes with an Android app <a href="
+"\"https://www.theregister.co.uk/2016/03/02/";
+"chinese_backdoor_found_in_ebays_popular_cheap_smart_watch/\"> that connects "
+"to an unidentified site in China</a>."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <div><ul><li><p>
+msgid ""
+"The article says this is a back door, but that could be a misunderstanding. "
+"However, it is certainly surveillance, at least."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <div><ul><li><p>
+msgid ""
+"An LG “smart” watch is designed <a href=\"http://www.";
+"huffingtonpost.co.uk/2014/07/09/lg-kizon-smart-watch_n_5570234.html\"> to "
+"report its location to someone else and to transmit conversations too</a>."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <div><div><h4>
+msgid "Vehicles"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <div><div>
+msgid ""
+"<span class=\"anchor-reference-id\">(<a href=\"#SpywareInVehicles"
+"\">#SpywareInVehicles</a>)</span>"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <div><div><h4>
+msgid "Virtual Reality"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <div><div>
+msgid ""
+"<span class=\"anchor-reference-id\">(<a href=\"#SpywareInVR\">#SpywareInVR</"
+"a>)</span>"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <div><div><h3>
+msgid "Spyware on the Web"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <div><div>
+msgid ""
+"<span class=\"anchor-reference-id\">(<a href=\"#SpywareOnTheWeb"
+"\">#SpywareOnTheWeb</a>)</span>"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
+msgid ""
+"In addition, many web sites spy on their visitors. Web sites are not "
+"programs, so it <a href=\"/philosophy/network-services-arent-free-or-nonfree."
+"html\"> makes no sense to call them “free” or “"
+"proprietary”</a>, but the surveillance is an abuse all the same."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <div><ul><li><p>
+msgid ""
+"As of April 2019, it is <a href=\"https://www.bleepingcomputer.com/news/";
+"software/major-browsers-to-prevent-disabling-of-click-tracking-privacy-risk/"
+"\">no longer possible to disable an unscrupulous tracking anti-feature</a> "
+"that <a href=\"https://html.spec.whatwg.org/multipage/links.html#hyperlink-";
+"auditing\">reports users when they follow ping links</a> in Apple Safari, "
+"Google Chrome, Opera, Microsoft Edge and also in the upcoming Microsoft Edge "
+"that is going to be based on Chromium."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <div><ul><li><p>
+msgid ""
+"Until 2015, any tweet that listed a geographical tag <a href=\"http://web-";
+"old.archive.org/web/20190115233002/https://www.wired.com/story/twitter-";
+"location-data-gps-privacy/\"> sent the precise GPS location to Twitter's "
+"server</a>. It still contains these GPS locations."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <div><div><h4>
+msgid "JavaScript"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <div><div>
+msgid ""
+"<span class=\"anchor-reference-id\">(<a href=\"#SpywareInJavaScript"
+"\">#SpywareInJavaScript</a>)</span>"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <div><div><h4>
+msgid "Flash"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <div><div>
+msgid ""
+"<span class=\"anchor-reference-id\">(<a href=\"#SpywareInFlash"
+"\">#SpywareInFlash</a>)</span>"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <div><div><h4>
+msgid "Chrome"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <div><div>
+msgid ""
+"<span class=\"anchor-reference-id\">(<a href=\"#SpywareInChrome"
+"\">#SpywareInChrome</a>)</span>"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <div><div><h3>
+msgid "Spyware in Networks"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <div><div>
+msgid ""
+"<span class=\"anchor-reference-id\">(<a href=\"#SpywareInNetworks"
+"\">#SpywareInNetworks</a>)</span>"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <div><ul><li><p>
+msgid ""
+"Investigation Shows <a href=\"https://www.techdirt.com/";
+"articles/20160602/17210734610/investigation-shows-gchq-using-us-companies-"
+"nsa-to-route-around-domestic-surveillance-restrictions.shtml\">GCHQ Using US "
+"Companies, NSA To Route Around Domestic Surveillance Restrictions</a>."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <div><ul><li><p>
+msgid ""
+"Specifically, it can collect the emails of members of Parliament this way, "
+"because they pass it through Microsoft."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <title>
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid "Proprietary Software - GNU Project - Free Software Foundation"
+msgid "Proprietary Tethers - GNU Project - Free Software Foundation"
+msgstr "ä¸æ软件 - GNU å·¥ç¨ - èªç±è½¯ä»¶åºéä¼"
+
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "<a href=\"/proprietary/proprietary-tethers.html\">Tethers</a> (<a "
+#| "href=\"#f4\">4</a>)"
+msgid ""
+"<a href=\"/proprietary/proprietary.html\">Proprietary malware</a> → "
+"Tethers"
+msgstr ""
+"<a href=\"/proprietary/proprietary-tethers.html\">æç¼</a> (<a href="
+"\"#f4\">4</a>)"
+
+#. type: Content of: <div><h2>
+msgid "Proprietary Tethers"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <div><div><p>
+msgid ""
+"Tethering a product or program means designing it to work only by "
+"communicating with a specific server. That is always an injustice since it "
+"means you can't use the program without that server. It is also a secondary "
+"injustice if you can't communicate with the server in another way."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <div><div><p>
+msgid ""
+"In some cases, tethering is used to do specific nasty things to the users. "
+"This page reports instances where tethering was used to harm the users "
+"directly."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <title>
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid "Proprietary Software - GNU Project - Free Software Foundation"
+msgid "Proprietary Tyrants - GNU Project - Free Software Foundation"
+msgstr "ä¸æ软件 - GNU å·¥ç¨ - èªç±è½¯ä»¶åºéä¼"
+
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "<a href=\"/proprietary/proprietary-tyrants.html\">Tyrants</a> (<a "
+#| "href=\"#f5\">5</a>)"
+msgid ""
+"<a href=\"/proprietary/proprietary.html\">Proprietary malware</a> → "
+"Tyrants"
+msgstr ""
+"<a href=\"/proprietary/proprietary-tyrants.html\">ç¬è£</a> (<a href="
+"\"#f5\">5</a>)"
+
+#. type: Content of: <div><h2>
+msgid "Proprietary Tyrants"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <div><div><p>
+msgid ""
+"A <em>tyrant</em> is a malicious device that refuses to allow users to "
+"install a different operating system or a modified operating system. These "
+"devices have measures to block execution of anything other than the “"
+"approved” system versions. We also refer to this practice as "
+"<em>tivoization</em>."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <div><ul><li><p>
+msgid ""
+"<a href=\"http://soylentnews.org/article.pl?sid=14/03/15/1912255\";> Intel "
+"processors will have tyrant software built in</a>."
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
+msgid "<a href=\"#main-heading\">Skip menu</a>"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <div><h3>
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid "Proprietary Software Is Often Malware"
+msgid "Proprietary malware"
+msgstr "ä¸æ软件常常æ¯æ¶æ软件"
+
+#. type: Content of: <div><h4>
+msgid "By type:"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <div><ul><li>
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid "<a href=\"/proprietary/proprietary-addictions.html\">Addictions</a>"
+msgid ""
+"<a href=\"/proprietary/proprietary-addictions.html#main-heading"
+"\">Addictions</a>"
+msgstr "<a href=\"/proprietary/proprietary-addictions.html\">æç¾</a>"
+
+#. type: Content of: <div><ul><li>
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "<a href=\"/proprietary/proprietary-back-doors.html\">Back doors</a> "
+#| "(<a href=\"#f1\">1</a>)"
+msgid ""
+"<a href=\"/proprietary/proprietary-back-doors.html#main-heading\">Back "
+"doors</a>"
+msgstr ""
+"<a href=\"/proprietary/proprietary-back-doors.html\">åé¨</a> (<a
href="
+"\"#f1\">1</a>)"
+
+#. type: Content of: <div><ul><li>
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid "<a href=\"/proprietary/proprietary-censorship.html\">Censorship</a>"
+msgid ""
+"<a href=\"/proprietary/proprietary-censorship.html#main-heading"
+"\">Censorship</a>"
+msgstr "<a href=\"/proprietary/proprietary-censorship.html\">审æ¥</a>"
+
+#. type: Content of: <div><ul><li>
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid "<a href=\"/proprietary/proprietary-coverups.html\">Coverups</a>"
+msgid ""
+"<a href=\"/proprietary/proprietary-coverups.html#main-heading\">Coverups</a>"
+msgstr "<a href=\"/proprietary/proprietary-coverups.html\">æ©ç</a>"
+
+#. type: Content of: <div><ul><li>
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid "<a href=\"/proprietary/proprietary-deception.html\">Deception</a>"
+msgid ""
+"<a href=\"/proprietary/proprietary-deception.html#main-heading\">Deception</"
+"a>"
+msgstr "<a href=\"/proprietary/proprietary-deception.html\">欺éª</a>"
+
+#. type: Content of: <div><ul><li>
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid "<a href=\"/proprietary/proprietary-fraud.html\">Fraud</a>"
+msgid "<a href=\"/proprietary/proprietary-drm.html#main-heading\">DRM</a>"
+msgstr "<a href=\"/proprietary/proprietary-fraud.html\">è¯éª</a>"
+
+#. type: Content of: <div><ul><li>
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid "<a href=\"/proprietary/proprietary-fraud.html\">Fraud</a>"
+msgid "<a href=\"/proprietary/proprietary-fraud.html#main-heading\">Fraud</a>"
+msgstr "<a href=\"/proprietary/proprietary-fraud.html\">è¯éª</a>"
+
+#. type: Content of: <div><ul><li>
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "<a href=\"/proprietary/proprietary-incompatibility.html"
+#| "\">Incompatibility</a>"
+msgid ""
+"<a href=\"/proprietary/proprietary-incompatibility.html#main-heading"
+"\">Incompatibility</a>"
+msgstr "<a href=\"/proprietary/proprietary-incompatibility.html\">ä¸å
¼å®¹</a>"
+
+#. type: Content of: <div><ul><li>
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid "<a href=\"/proprietary/proprietary-insecurity.html\">Insecurity</a>"
+msgid ""
+"<a href=\"/proprietary/proprietary-insecurity.html#main-heading"
+"\">Insecurity</a>"
+msgstr "<a href=\"/proprietary/proprietary-insecurity.html\">ä¸å®å
¨</a>"
+
+#. type: Content of: <div><ul><li>
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "<a href=\"/proprietary/proprietary-interference.html\">Interference</a>"
+msgid ""
+"<a href=\"/proprietary/proprietary-interference.html#main-heading"
+"\">Interference</a>"
+msgstr "<a href=\"/proprietary/proprietary-interference.html\">å¹²æ°</a>"
+
+#. type: Content of: <div><ul><li>
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid "<a href=\"/proprietary/proprietary-addictions.html\">Addictions</a>"
+msgid "<a href=\"/proprietary/proprietary-jails.html#main-heading\">Jails</a>"
+msgstr "<a href=\"/proprietary/proprietary-addictions.html\">æç¾</a>"
+
+#. type: Content of: <div><ul><li>
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "<a href=\"/proprietary/proprietary-manipulation.html\">Manipulation</a>"
+msgid ""
+"<a href=\"/proprietary/proprietary-manipulation.html#main-heading"
+"\">Manipulation</a>"
+msgstr "<a href=\"/proprietary/proprietary-manipulation.html\">æ纵</a>"
+
+#. type: Content of: <div><ul><li>
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "<a href=\"/proprietary/proprietary-obsolescence.html\">Obsolescence</a>"
+msgid ""
+"<a href=\"/proprietary/proprietary-obsolescence.html#main-heading"
+"\">Obsolescence</a>"
+msgstr "<a href=\"/proprietary/proprietary-obsolescence.html\">è¿æ¶</a>"
+
+#. type: Content of: <div><ul><li>
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid "<a href=\"/proprietary/proprietary-sabotage.html\">Sabotage</a>"
+msgid ""
+"<a href=\"/proprietary/proprietary-sabotage.html#main-heading\">Sabotage</a>"
+msgstr "<a href=\"/proprietary/proprietary-sabotage.html\">ç ´å</a>"
+
+#. type: Content of: <div><ul><li>
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "<a href=\"/proprietary/proprietary-subscriptions.html\">Subscriptions</a>"
+msgid ""
+"<a href=\"/proprietary/proprietary-subscriptions.html#main-heading"
+"\">Subscriptions</a>"
+msgstr "<a href=\"/proprietary/proprietary-subscriptions.html\">订é
</a>"
+
+#. type: Content of: <div><ul><li>
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "<a href=\"/proprietary/proprietary-surveillance.html\">Surveillance</a>"
+msgid ""
+"<a href=\"/proprietary/proprietary-surveillance.html#main-heading"
+"\">Surveillance</a>"
+msgstr "<a href=\"/proprietary/proprietary-surveillance.html\">çè§</a>"
+
+#. type: Content of: <div><ul><li>
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid "<a href=\"/proprietary/proprietary-coverups.html\">Coverups</a>"
+msgid ""
+"<a href=\"/proprietary/proprietary-tethers.html#main-heading\">Tethers</a>"
+msgstr "<a href=\"/proprietary/proprietary-coverups.html\">æ©ç</a>"
+
+#. type: Content of: <div><ul><li>
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid ""
+#| "<a href=\"/proprietary/proprietary-tyrants.html\">Tyrants</a> (<a "
+#| "href=\"#f5\">5</a>)"
+msgid ""
+"<a href=\"/proprietary/proprietary-tyrants.html#main-heading\">Tyrants</a>"
+msgstr ""
+"<a href=\"/proprietary/proprietary-tyrants.html\">ç¬è£</a> (<a href="
+"\"#f5\">5</a>)"
+
+#. type: Content of: <div><ul><li>
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid "<a href=\"/proprietary/potential-malware.html\">In the pipe</a>"
+msgid ""
+"<a href=\"/proprietary/potential-malware.html#main-heading\">In the pipe</a>"
+msgstr "<a href=\"/proprietary/potential-malware.html\">管éä¹ä¸</a>"
+
+#. type: Content of: <div><h4>
+msgid "By product:"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <div><ul><li>
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid "<a href=\"/proprietary/malware-appliances.html\">Appliances</a>"
+msgid ""
+"<a href=\"/proprietary/malware-appliances.html#main-heading\">Appliances</a>"
+msgstr "<a href=\"/proprietary/malware-appliances.html\">åºç¨</a>"
+
+#. type: Content of: <div><ul><li>
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid "<a href=\"/proprietary/malware-cars.html\">Cars</a>"
+msgid "<a href=\"/proprietary/malware-cars.html#main-heading\">Cars</a>"
+msgstr "<a href=\"/proprietary/malware-cars.html\">汽车</a>"
+
+#. type: Content of: <div><ul><li>
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid "<a href=\"/proprietary/malware-games.html\">Games</a>"
+msgid "<a href=\"/proprietary/malware-games.html#main-heading\">Games</a>"
+msgstr "<a href=\"/proprietary/malware-games.html\">游æ</a>"
+
+#. type: Content of: <div><ul><li>
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid "<a href=\"/proprietary/malware-mobiles.html\">Mobiles</a>"
+msgid "<a href=\"/proprietary/malware-mobiles.html#main-heading\">Mobiles</a>"
+msgstr "<a href=\"/proprietary/malware-mobiles.html\">ææº</a>"
+
+#. type: Content of: <div><ul><li>
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid "<a href=\"/proprietary/malware-webpages.html\">Webpages</a>"
+msgid ""
+"<a href=\"/proprietary/malware-webpages.html#main-heading\">Webpages</a>"
+msgstr "<a href=\"/proprietary/malware-webpages.html\">ç½é¡µ</a>"
+
+#. type: Content of: <div><h4>
+msgid "By company:"
+msgstr ""
+
+#. type: Content of: <div><ul><li>
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid "<a href=\"/proprietary/malware-adobe.html\">Adobe</a>"
+msgid "<a href=\"/proprietary/malware-adobe.html#main-heading\">Adobe</a>"
+msgstr "<a href=\"/proprietary/malware-adobe.html\">Adobe</a>"
+
+#. type: Content of: <div><ul><li>
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid "<a href=\"/proprietary/malware-amazon.html\">Amazon</a>"
+msgid "<a href=\"/proprietary/malware-amazon.html#main-heading\">Amazon</a>"
+msgstr "<a href=\"/proprietary/malware-amazon.html\">äºé©¬é</a>"
+
+#. type: Content of: <div><ul><li>
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid "<a href=\"/proprietary/malware-apple.html\">Apple</a>"
+msgid "<a href=\"/proprietary/malware-apple.html#main-heading\">Apple</a>"
+msgstr "<a href=\"/proprietary/malware-apple.html\">è¹æ</a>"
+
+#. type: Content of: <div><ul><li>
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid "<a href=\"/proprietary/malware-google.html\">Google</a>"
+msgid "<a href=\"/proprietary/malware-google.html#main-heading\">Google</a>"
+msgstr "<a href=\"/proprietary/malware-google.html\">è°·æ</a>"
+
+#. type: Content of: <div><ul><li>
+#, fuzzy
+#| msgid "<a href=\"/proprietary/malware-microsoft.html\">Microsoft</a>"
+msgid ""
+"<a href=\"/proprietary/malware-microsoft.html#main-heading\">Microsoft</a>"
+msgstr "<a href=\"/proprietary/malware-microsoft.html\">微软</a>"
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