www/licenses/po license-compatibility.zh-cn.po

[Wensheng XIE]

CVSROOT:        /web/www
Module name:    www
Changes by:     Wensheng XIE <wxie>     20/01/24 08:39:41

Added files:
        licenses/po    : license-compatibility.zh-cn.po 

Log message:
        zh-cn: new translation

CVSWeb URLs:
http://web.cvs.savannah.gnu.org/viewcvs/www/licenses/po/license-compatibility.zh-cn.po?cvsroot=www&rev=1.1

Patches:
Index: license-compatibility.zh-cn.po
===================================================================
RCS file: license-compatibility.zh-cn.po
diff -N license-compatibility.zh-cn.po
--- /dev/null   1 Jan 1970 00:00:00 -0000
+++ license-compatibility.zh-cn.po      24 Jan 2020 13:39:41 -0000      1.1
@@ -0,0 +1,653 @@
+# Simplified Chinese translation of 
https://www.gnu.org/licenses/license-compatibility.html
+# Copyright (C) 2020 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
+# This file is distributed under the same license as the original article.
+# Wensheng Xie <address@hidden>, 2020.
+#
+msgid ""
+msgstr ""
+"Project-Id-Version: license-compatibility.html\n"
+"POT-Creation-Date: 2018-09-14 12:56+0000\n"
+"PO-Revision-Date: 2020-01-24 21:30+0800\n"
+"Last-Translator: Wensheng Xie <address@hidden>\n"
+"Language-Team: Chinese <address@hidden>\n"
+"Language: zh_CN\n"
+"MIME-Version: 1.0\n"
+"Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8\n"
+"Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit\n"
+
+#. type: Content of: <title>
+msgid ""
+"License Compatibility and Relicensing - GNU Project - Free Software "
+"Foundation"
+msgstr "许可证兼容性和再次授权 - GNU 工程 - 自由软件基金会"
+
+#. type: Content of: <h2>
+msgid "License Compatibility and Relicensing"
+msgstr "许可证兼容性和再次授权"
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid "by Richard Stallman"
+msgstr "Richard Stallman 著"
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"If you want to combine two free programs into one, or merge code from one "
+"into the other, this raises the question of whether their licenses allow "
+"combining them, or prohibit combining them.<a href=\"#f1\">(*)</a>"
+msgstr ""
+"å¦‚æžœä½ è¦æŠŠä¸¤ä¸ªè‡ªç”±ç¨‹åºåˆè€Œä¸ºä¸€ï¼Œæˆ–è€…æŠŠå…¶ä¸­ä¹‹ä¸€çš„ä»£ç 
å¹¶å…¥å¦ä¸€ä¸ªï¼Œé‚£ä¹ˆå°±ä¼šæœ‰ä¸€"
+"个它们的许可证是否允许/ç¦æ­¢è¿™æ ·åšçš„é—®é¢˜ã€‚<a 
href=\"#f1\">(*)</a>"
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"There is no problem merging programs that have the same license, if it is a "
+"reasonably behaved license, as nearly all free licenses are.<a href="
+"\"#f2\">(**)</a>"
+msgstr ""
+"如果两个软件使用同æ 
·çš„è®¸å¯è¯ï¼Œåº”è¯¥æ²¡æœ‰é—®é¢˜ï¼Œå‡å®šè¯¥è®¸å¯è¯è±¡å‡ 
乎所有的自由软件"
+"è®¸å¯è¯ä¸€æ ·é¡ºç†æˆç« ã€‚<a href=\"#f2\">(**)</a>"
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"What then when the licenses are different? In general we say that several "
+"licenses are <em>compatible</em> if there is a way to merge code under those "
+"various licenses while complying with all of them.  The result, often, is a "
+"program with parts under various different compatible licenses&mdash;but not "
+"always.  Such combinability, or the absence of it, is a characteristic of a "
+"given set of licenses, and is not dependent on what order you mention them "
+"in.  The set of licenses also controls which license is required for the "
+"combined program."
+msgstr ""
+"那么如果许可证不一æ 
·ä¼šå¦‚何呢？一般来说，如果有方法可以合并代ç 
è€Œåˆèƒ½åŒæ—¶éµå¾ª"
+"å„ä¸ªä»£ç çš„è®¸å¯è¯ï¼Œé‚£ä¹ˆæˆ‘ä»¬å°±è¯´è¿™äº›è®¸å¯è¯æ˜¯ <em>å…
¼å®¹çš„</em>。其结果经常是一个"
+"由各个部分使用不同许可证的组合程序&mdash;&mdash;但也不尽然。å
…·æœ‰è¿™ä¸ªå…¼å®¹æ€§ï¼Œ"
+"或者没有此å…
¼å®¹æ€§ï¼Œæ˜¯è®¸å¯è¯ç»„åˆåœ¨ä¸€èµ·çš„ç‰¹ç‚¹ï¼Œè¿™ä¸ªç‰¹ç‚¹å¹¶ä¸ä¾èµ–äºŽä½ 
使用它们的顺"
+"序。该许可证组合还决定着该合并程序需要哪个许可证。"
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"We divide licenses into three classes: lax (also &ldquo;permissive&rdquo; or "
+"&ldquo;pushover&rdquo;), intermediate, and copyleft.  A lax license does "
+"nothing to interfere with putting the code into proprietary software.  A "
+"copyleft license prohibits that, by requiring all reuse to be in programs "
+"under the same license.  An intermediate license puts some conditions on "
+"adding proprietary code but does not try to prohibit it."
+msgstr ""
+"我们把许可证分为三类：松散型（也即 &ldquo;纵容型&rdquo; 
或者 &ldquo;顺从型"
+"&rdquo;），中间型和 copyleft 
åž‹ã€‚æ¾æ•£åž‹è®¸å¯è¯ä¸ä»‹æ„ä¸“æœ‰è½¯ä»¶ä½¿ç”¨å…¶ä»£ç ã€‚"
+"copyleft 许可证禁止专有软件使用其代ç 
ï¼Œå®ƒæ˜Žç¡®è¦æ±‚æ‰€æœ‰ä½¿ç”¨å…¶ä»£ç çš„ç¨‹åºéƒ½è¦ä½¿ç”¨"
+"同æ 
·çš„许可证。中间型许可证限制但并不禁止专有软件使用å…
¶ä»£ç ã€‚"
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"In general, lax permissive licenses (modified BSD, X11, Expat, Apache, "
+"Python, etc.) are compatible with each other.  That's because they have no "
+"requirements about other code that is added to the program.  They even "
+"permit putting the entire program (perhaps with changes)  into a proprietary "
+"software product; thus, we call them &ldquo;pushover licenses&rdquo; because "
+"they can't say &ldquo;no&rdquo; when one user tries to deny freedom to "
+"others."
+msgstr ""
+"一般地，松散型许可证（修改版 
BSD、X11、Expat、Apache、Python 等）是互相兼容"
+"çš„ã€‚è¿™æ˜¯å› ä¸ºå®ƒä»¬å¯¹æ·»åŠ åˆ°ç¨‹åºé‡Œçš„ä»£ç å¹¶æ— 
要求。它们甚至允许把整个程序（或许带"
+"æœ‰ä¿®æ”¹ï¼‰æ·»åŠ åˆ°ä¸“æœ‰è½¯ä»¶ä¹‹ä¸­ï¼›å› æ­¤ï¼Œæˆ‘ä»¬ç§°ä¹‹ä¸º 
&ldquo;顺从型许可证&rdquo;，理由"
+"是它们在用户的自由被否定时没有说 &ldquo;不&rdquo;。"
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"In a combination of programs under lax licenses, each part carries the "
+"license it came with.  When the code is merged to the point that the parts "
+"can't be distinguished any more, that merged code should carry all the "
+"licenses of the merged parts.  Since all the licenses are lax anyway, this "
+"causes no practical problem except that the list of licenses gets long.<a "
+"href=\"#f3\">(***)</a>"
+msgstr ""
+"在把使用松散型许可证的代ç 
åˆåœ¨ä¸€èµ·æ—¶ï¼Œç»„合程序的每个部分都带有自己的许可证。"
+"å½“è¿™äº›ä»£ç äº¤ç»‡åœ¨ä¸€èµ·æ— 
法分辨时，组合程序应该带上所有代ç 
çš„许可证。由于这些许"
+"可证都是松散型的，所以å…
¨éƒ½å¸¦ä¸Šé™¤äº†å¤ªé•¿ä¹‹å¤–也没有别的问题。<a href="
+"\"#f3\">(***)</a>"
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"By the same token, lax licenses are usually compatible with any copyleft "
+"license.  In the combined program, the parts that came in under lax licenses "
+"still carry them, and the combined program as a whole carries the copyleft "
+"license.  One lax license, Apache 2.0, has patent clauses which are "
+"incompatible with GPL version 2; since I think those patent clauses are "
+"good, I made GPL version 3 compatible with them."
+msgstr ""
+"同理可知，松散型许可证通常也和 copyleft 许可证å…
¼å®¹ã€‚在组合程序中，使用松散型"
+"许可证的代ç 
ä»ç„¶å¸¦ç€æ¾æ•£åž‹è®¸å¯è¯ï¼Œè€Œç»„合程序整体使用 copyleft 
许可证。有一个"
+"松散型许可证，Apache 2.0，带有和 GPL v2 不å…
¼å®¹çš„专利条款；由于我认为这些专利"
+"条款还不错，所以我让 GPL v3 与之兼容了。"
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"The one important exception is the original BSD license, because of the "
+"&ldquo;obnoxious advertising clause.&rdquo; This condition required a "
+"specific notice in <em>all</em> advertising of <em>any</em> product "
+"containing <em>any</em> code released under the original BSD license.  This "
+"was, and is, incompatible with all actual copyleft licenses.  It was also a "
+"pain in the neck for every distro, as programs accumulated with similar but "
+"different advertising requirements.  At one point, a BSD distro required "
+"over 70 different notices."
+msgstr ""
+"å› å…¶ &ldquo;令人反感的广告条款&rdquo;，原始 BSD 
许可证是一个重要的例外。该广"
+"告条款要求包含 <em>任何</em> 使用原始 BSD è®¸å¯è¯ä»£ç çš„ 
<em>任何</em> 产品的 "
+"<em>所有</em> 
广告都要带有一个特定的声明。这种做法过去和所有已知的 
copyleft "
+"许可证都不å…
¼å®¹ï¼ŒçŽ°åœ¨ä¹Ÿæ˜¯ã€‚当程序里积攒了越来越多相似而又不同的广告声明时，每"
+"个发行版都忍受着一种如芒在背的痛苦。有段时间，一个 
BSD 发行版需要包含 70 多个"
+"不同的声明。"
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"I mostly eliminated this problem by convincing a dean, Hal Varian, to "
+"arrange for UC Berkeley to publish the &ldquo;modified BSD license&rdquo; "
+"(without the advertising clause) and rerelease the code of the Berkeley "
+"System Distribution under that.  Nowadays the original BSD license is "
+"(fortunately) rarely used, but we must still take care <a href=\"/licenses/"
+"bsd.html\">not to talk about &ldquo;the&rdquo; BSD license</a>."
+msgstr ""
+"我说服 Hal Varian，UC Berkeley çš„ä¸€ä½æ ¡é•¿ï¼Œä¿ƒä½¿ä»–ä»¬å‘å¸ƒ 
&ldquo;修改版 BSD 许"
+"可证&rdquo;（没有广告条款）并将 BSD ä»£ç æŒ‰ç…
§æ­¤è®¸å¯è¯å‘å¸ƒã€‚è¿™æ ·å°±åŸºæœ¬ä¸Šæ ¹é™¤äº†"
+"上面所说的问题。现在，原始 BSD 
许可证（所幸）已经很少被使用了，但是我们还是必"
+"须小心 <a href=\"/licenses/bsd.html\">避免讨论 &ldquo;该&rdquo; BSD 
许可证</"
+"a>。"
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"In general, two different copyleft licenses are unavoidably incompatible "
+"unless they have explicit compatibility provisions.  This is not due to a "
+"mistake in the details; it's inherent in the idea of copyleft.  The idea of "
+"copyleft is that &ldquo;Modified and extended versions must be under the "
+"same license.&rdquo; If license A says extended programs must be under "
+"license A, and license B says extended programs must be under license B, "
+"they have an irreconcilable disagreement; the license of the combined "
+"program would have to be A, <em>and</em> it would have to be B.  This is why "
+"GPL version 2 is incompatible with GPL version 3; it could not be avoided.  "
+"Likewise, the conditions of CC-BY-SA 4.0 would be inherently incompatible "
+"with those of CC-BY-SA 3.0, and the authors could not have avoided this."
+msgstr ""
+"一般来说，两个不同的 copyleft è®¸å¯è¯æ˜¯æ— å¯é¿å…çš„ä¸å…
¼å®¹ï¼Œé™¤éžä¸¤è€…之间有明确的"
+"å…¼å®¹æ¡æ¬¾ã€‚è¿™ä¸æ˜¯å› ä¸ºç»†èŠ‚æœ‰è¯¯ï¼›è¿™æ˜¯ copyleft 
理念与生俱来的特点。copyleft 的理"
+"念是 &ldquo;修改和扩展的版本必须延用同æ 
·çš„许可证。&rdquo;如果使用许可证甲的扩"
+"展程序必须延用许可证甲，使用许可证乙的程序必
须延用许可证乙，那么它们之间就是"
+"不可调和；如果合并程序，许可证必须是甲，<em>也</em>必
须是乙。这就是为什么 "
+"GPL v2 和 GPL v3 ä¸å…¼å®¹ï¼›è¿™æ˜¯æ— æ³•é¿å…çš„ã€‚åŒæ ·åœ°ï¼ŒCC-BY-SA 
4.0 的要求就天生和 "
+"CC-BY-SA 3.0 ä¸å…¼å®¹ï¼Œè€Œä¸”ä½œè€…ä¹Ÿæ— æ³•é¿å…è¿™ä¸€ç‚¹ã€‚"
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"There are two approaches for smoothing out the incompatibility inherent in "
+"new versions of copyleft licenses."
+msgstr "有两个方法来摆脱新版 copyleft 许可证带来的先天不å…
¼å®¹æ€§ã€‚"
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"The FSF uses the approach of asking people to release programs under &ldquo;"
+"GNU GPL version N or any later version.&rdquo; This licensing is compatible "
+"with version N, and also with N+1 (because it offers version N+1 as an "
+"option).  When you combine code under &ldquo;GPL 3 or later&rdquo; with code "
+"under &ldquo;GPL 2 or later&rdquo;, the license of the combination is their "
+"intersection, which is &ldquo;GPL 3 or later&rdquo;."
+msgstr ""
+"FSF 使用请求人们按照 &ldquo;遵循 GNU GPL 版本 N 
或任何以后版本&rdquo; 来发布"
+"程序这一方法来解决此兼容性问题。这种授权兼容版本 
N，也兼容版本 N+1ï¼ˆå› ä¸ºå®ƒç¡®"
+"认版本 N+1 æ˜¯å¯é€‰é¡¹ï¼‰ã€‚å½“ä½ å°†éµå¾ª &ldquo;GPL 3 
或以后版&rdquo; çš„ä»£ç å’Œéµå¾ª "
+"&ldquo;GPL 2 或以后版&rdquo; çš„ä»£ç åˆå¹¶æ—¶ï¼Œç»„åˆä»£ç 
çš„许可证是它们的交集，就"
+"是 &ldquo;GPL 3 或以后版&rdquo;。"
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"We hope we will never need to make a GNU GPL version 4, but nothing is "
+"perfect and we can't assume we have anticipated all the issues.  By "
+"releasing your code under GNU GPL 3 or later, you permit your code to "
+"upgrade to GNU GPL version 4 if we ever need one."
+msgstr ""
+"我们希望我们再也不会有 GNU GPL v4ï¼Œä½†æ˜¯äººæ— 
å®Œäººã€ä¸–äº‹éš¾æ–™ï¼Œæˆ‘ä»¬æ— æ³•é¢„è§æ‰€æœ‰çš„"
+"情况。通过按照遵循 GNU GPL 3 æˆ–ä»¥åŽç‰ˆæœ¬æ¥å‘å¸ƒç¨‹åºï¼Œä½ 
å°±å…è®¸ä½ çš„ä»£ç è®¸å¯è¯å‡çº§"
+"到 GNU GPL v4，一旦我们发布了 v4。"
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"The other approach is to make each version of the license explicitly allow "
+"upgrading to later versions.  This is what Creative Commons does: for "
+"instance, CC-BY-SA version 4.0 (the current version)  explicitly permits any "
+"user to upgrade to later versions of CC-BY-SA once those exist.  The Mozilla "
+"Foundation also uses this approach."
+msgstr ""
+"另一个方法是让每一个版本都明确å…
è®¸å‡çº§åˆ°ä»¥åŽçš„版本。这就是 Creative Commons "
+"采用的办法：例如，CC-BY-SA 4.0 版（当前版）明确å…
è®¸ä»»ä½•ç”¨æˆ·å°†è®¸å¯è¯å‡çº§åˆ°ä»¥åŽ"
+"版本的 CC-BY-SA（一旦有了）。Mozilla 
基金会也是使用该方法。"
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"Only the GNU licenses give authors a choice about whether to permit upgrades "
+"to future license versions.  When I wrote the first version of the GNU GPL, "
+"in 1989, I considered including a license upgrade option as is found now in "
+"CC licenses, but I thought it more correct to give that choice to each "
+"author.  Thus, the author could release a program either under &ldquo;GPL 1 "
+"only&rdquo; or &ldquo;GPL 1 or later.&rdquo;"
+msgstr ""
+"只有 GNU 许可证给了作者选择是否å…
è®¸å‡çº§åˆ°æœªæ¥è®¸å¯è¯ç‰ˆæœ¬çš„权利。当年我编写第一"
+"个 GNU GPL 版本的时候，那是 1989 年，我曾经想过包
含一个许可证升级的选项，就像"
+"现在的 CC è®¸å¯è¯ä¸€æ ·ï¼Œä½†æ˜¯æˆ‘è§‰å¾—æŠŠé€‰æ‹©æƒäº¤ç»™ä½œè€…
æ›´æ­£å½“ã€‚è¿™æ ·ï¼Œä½œè€…å°±å¯ä»¥æŠŠå…¶"
+"程序按照 &ldquo;只用 GPL 1&rdquo; 或者 &ldquo;用 GPL 1 
或以后版&rdquo; 来发"
+"布。"
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"Since then, I have come to question the wisdom of that decision.  Programs "
+"such as Linux, which allow only one GNU GPL version and reject license "
+"upgrades, cause practical incompatibility.<a href=\"#f4\">(****)</a> Perhaps "
+"we should include an upgrade clause in GPL version 4, if we ever need a "
+"version 4."
+msgstr ""
+"从那时起，我就在思量当时的决定是否明智。像 Linux 这æ 
·çš„程序，只允许一个版本"
+"的 GNU GPL 并拒绝升级许可证，这就导致实际上的不兼容。<a 
href=\"#f4\">(****)</"
+"a>或许我们应该在 GPL v4 的时侯包
含一个升级条款，如果我们需要版本 4 的话。"
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"Some copyleft licenses allow cross-copyleft combinations with an explicit "
+"relicensing clause giving permission to put the code under a different "
+"copyleft license.  For instance, the CeCILL gives explicit permission to "
+"relicense code to GNU GPL version 2 and later versions.  If program P is "
+"under the CeCILL, and you want to combine it with program Q that's under GPL "
+"version 3 or later, the CeCILL says you can do that and put the combination "
+"or merged code under GPL version 3 or later."
+msgstr ""
+"有些 copyleft 许可证有一个明确的再次授权条款，该条款å…
è®¸å°†ä»£ç æŒ‰ç…§ä¸åŒçš„ "
+"copyleft è®¸å¯è¯æŽˆæƒï¼Œè¿™æ ·å°±å…è®¸äº† copyleft 
许可证之间的交叉授权。例如，"
+"CeCILL è®¸å¯è¯æ˜Žç¡®è®¸å¯å°†ä»£ç æŒ‰ç…§ GNU GPL v2 
或以后版再次授权。如果程序 P 使用 "
+"CeCILL è®¸å¯è¯æŽˆæƒï¼Œè€Œä½ æƒ³æŠŠå®ƒå’ŒæŒ‰ç…§ GPL v3 
或以后版授权的程序 Q 合并在一起，"
+"那么 CeCILL è®¸å¯è¯å…è®¸ä½ è¿™ä¹ˆåšï¼Œåˆå¹¶æˆ–ç»„åˆçš„ä»£ç ä½¿ç”¨ 
GPL v3 或以后版授权。"
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"Explicit relicensing permission is not the same thing as compatibility "
+"(though relicensing code can make it compatible with other code) and it is "
+"not symmetrical.  For instance, the CeCILL gives explicit permission to "
+"relicense code to GNU GPL, but the GNU GPL does not permit relicensing to "
+"the CeCILL.  Thus, you can't combine those two programs P and Q and "
+"distribute the combination under the CeCILL; that would violate the GPL in "
+"its use of program Q.  The only permitted way to release that combined "
+"program is under the appropriate GPL version(s)."
+msgstr ""
+"明确的再次授权许可和å…
¼å®¹æ€§å¹¶ä¸æ˜¯ä¸€å›žäº‹ï¼ˆè™½ç„¶å†æ¬¡æŽˆæƒåŽçš„ä»£ç å¯ä»¥å’Œå…¶ä»–ä»£ç 
å…¼"
+"容），二者也不对称。例如，CeCILL 许可证明确允许将代ç 
å†æ¬¡æŽˆæƒç»™ GNU GPL，而 "
+"GNU GPL å¹¶ä¸å…è®¸å°†ä»£ç å†æ¬¡æŽˆæƒç»™ CeCILLã€‚å› æ­¤ï¼Œä½ 
不能合并 P 和 Q 两个程序并把"
+"它们按照 CeCILL è®¸å¯è¯å‘å¸ƒï¼›é‚£æ ·å°±è¿åäº† Q 程序使用的 
GPL 许可证的要求。它们"
+"的合并程序只允许使用适当的 GPL 版本来发布。"
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"Likewise, CC-BY-SA 4.0 explicitly permits relicensing modified versions to "
+"GNU GPL version 3, but GPL version 3 does not permit relicensing to CC-BY-"
+"SA.  This issue should never arise for software code; Creative Commons says "
+"its licenses are not meant for code, and says that the license to use for "
+"code is the GNU GPL.  But there are other kinds of works, such as hardware "
+"designs or game art, where you might have occasion to merge material "
+"released under CC-BY-SA with material released under the GNU GPL.  This can "
+"be done through CC-BY-SA's explicit relicensing permission."
+msgstr ""
+"类似，CC-BY-SA 4.0 明确允许修改版再次授权可以使用 GPL v3 
许可证，但是 GPL v3 "
+"并不允许再次授权到 
CC-BY-SAã€‚è¿™ä¸ªé—®é¢˜åº”è¯¥ä¸ä¼šå½±å“è½¯ä»¶ä»£ç ï¼›Creative Commons "
+"è®¸å¯è¯çš„è¯´æ˜ŽæŒ‡å‡ºå®ƒä¸ç”¨äºŽä»£ç ï¼Œå¹¶ä¸”ä¹ŸæŒ‡å‡ºå¦‚æžœæ˜¯ä»£ç 
ï¼Œåº”该使用 GNU GPL 许可证。"
+"但是还有一些å…
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 CC-"
+"BY-SA 的材料和使用 GNU GPL 的材料合并的问题。这种情
况可以使用 CC-BY-SA 许可证"
+"中明确说明的再次授权条款。"
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"Unfortunately, CC-BY-SA 4.0 does not permit relicensing to future GPL "
+"versions.  What you should do, when you relicense material under CC-BY-SA "
+"4.0 to the GPL, is <a href=\"/licenses/rms-why-gplv3.html#future-proofing"
+"\">specify yourself as a license version proxy</a> to indicate whether "
+"future GPL versions have been authorized for that material.  If someday "
+"there is a GPL version 4 and Creative Commons decides to allow relicensing "
+"from CC-BY-SA to GPL version 4, you as proxy will be able to retroactively "
+"authorize use of that relicensed material under GPL version 4.  "
+"(Alternatively, you can ask the authors of that material to give permission "
+"right away.)"
+msgstr ""
+"不幸的是，CC-BY-SA 4.0 不允许再次授权到将来版本的 
GPLã€‚å½“ä½ æŠŠä½¿ç”¨ CC-BY-SA "
+"4.0 的材料再次授权到 GPLï¼Œä½ è¯¥æ€Žä¹ˆåšå‘¢ï¼Ÿä½  <a 
href=\"/licenses/rms-why-gplv3."
+"html#future-proofing\">æŠŠä½ 
自己定义为许可证版本的代理</a>，并指明该材料是否授"
+"权给未来的 GPL 版本。如果将来有了 GPL v4 并且 Creative 
Commons 许可证决定允许"
+"从 CC-BY-SA 再次授权到 GPL v4ï¼Œé‚£ä¹ˆä½ 
作为代理就能够返回来用 GPL v4 对该材料再"
+"æ¬¡æŽˆæƒã€‚ï¼ˆå¦å¤–ï¼Œä½ ä¹Ÿå¯ä»¥ç›´æŽ¥è¯·è¯¥ææ–™çš„ä½œè€…ç«‹å³æŽˆäºˆä½ 
许可。）"
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"The ordinary GNU General Public License and the GNU Affero General Public "
+"License are two different copyleft licenses, so they are naturally "
+"incompatible.  We have set up a special kind of explicit compatibility "
+"between them: you can include source code under the GNU GPL version 3 "
+"together with other source code under the GNU Affero GPL in a single "
+"combined program.  This is permitted because both of those licenses "
+"explicitly say so, and the effect is that the GNU AGPL applies to the "
+"combined program.  However, you can't simply relicense code from the GNU GPL "
+"(with or without &ldquo;or later&rdquo;) to the GNU Affero GPL, or vice "
+"versa; neither of these licenses gives permission for that.  Note also that "
+"the GNU Affero GPL version 3 is not a &ldquo;later version&rdquo; of the "
+"ordinary GNU GPL version 2, because the GNU Affero GPL and the GNU GPL are "
+"two different series of licenses."
+msgstr ""
+"GNU GPL 和 GNU Affero GPL 是两个不同的 copyleft 
许可证，所以它们自然是不兼容"
+"çš„ã€‚æˆ‘ä»¬ä¸ºæ­¤è®¾è®¡äº†ä¸“é—¨çš„å…¼å®¹æ–¹æ¡ˆï¼šä½ 
可以在同一个程序里包含使用 GNU GPL v3 的"
+"æºä»£ç å’Œä½¿ç”¨ GNU Affero GPL çš„æºä»£ç ã€‚å› 
为两个许可证都明确说明可以这么做，所"
+"以这个没问题，其效果就是合并的程序适用于 GNU AGPL 
è®¸å¯è¯ã€‚ä¸è¿‡ï¼Œä½ ä¸èƒ½ç®€å•åœ°"
+"把使用 GNU GPL（有或没有 &ldquo;或以后版本&rdquo;）的代ç 
å†æ¬¡æŽˆæƒåˆ° GNU "
+"Affero GPLï¼Œåè¿‡æ¥ä¹Ÿæ˜¯ä¸€æ ·ï¼›ä¸¤ä¸ªè®¸å¯è¯éƒ½æ²¡æœ‰å…è®¸è¿™æ 
·åšã€‚请也要注意，GNU "
+"Affero GPL v3 不是一个 GNU GPL v2 的 &ldquo;以后版本&rdquo;ï¼Œå› ä¸º 
GNU Affero "
+"GPL 和 GNU GPL 是两个不同系列的许可证。"
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"The GNU Lesser General Public License, version 3, is really the GNU General "
+"Public License version 3 plus some added extra permissions.  GPL version 3 "
+"(section 7) says you can always remove added permissions, and by doing so "
+"you get the same code under the ordinary GNU GPL version 3.  If a program "
+"permits use under GNU LGPL version 3 or later, you can relicense it to GPL "
+"version 3 or later; for each future GPL version N (N &gt; 3), we will make "
+"an LGPL version N which consists of the GPL version N plus added permissions."
+msgstr ""
+"GNU LGPL v3 真的就是 GNU GPL v3 åŠ ä¸Šé¢å¤–çš„æ¡æ¬¾ã€‚GPL v3（第 7 
èŠ‚ï¼‰è¡¨æ˜Žä½ æ€»æ˜¯å¯"
+"ä»¥åŽ»æŽ‰é‚£äº›é¢å¤–çš„æ¡æ¬¾ï¼Œè¿™æ ·åšäº†ä¹‹åŽåŒæ ·çš„ä»£ç 
å°±éµå¾ªäº†å¸¸è§„çš„ GNU GPL v3。如果一"
+"个程序允许使用 GNU LGPL v3 æˆ–ä»¥åŽç‰ˆæœ¬ï¼Œé‚£ä¹ˆä½ 
就可以把它再次授权到 GPL v3 或以"
+"后版本；对将来的每个 GPL 版本 N（N &gt; 
3），我们都会做一个 LGPL 版本 N，它"
+"由 GPL 版本 N åŠ ä¸Šé¢å¤–çš„æ¡æ¬¾æž„æˆã€‚"
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"As for GNU Lesser GPL version 2.1, that explicitly permits relicensing to "
+"GNU GPL version 2 or later."
+msgstr ""
+"对 GNU LGPL 版本 2.1 来说，它明确允许再次授权到 GNU GPL v2 
或者以后版本。"
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"Intermediate licenses are those which have substantive requirements on "
+"redistribution but are not copyleft licenses.  Examples include the Eclipse "
+"Public License and the Mozilla Public License.  Intermediate licenses tend "
+"to be incompatible with any copyleft licenses because their requirements "
+"don't permit the combined program to be under the copyleft license.  The "
+"Mozilla Public License permits relicensing to the GNU GPL except when the "
+"code explicitly denies this permission."
+msgstr ""
+"中间型的许可证是指对重新发布有重要的要求但是又不是 
copyleft 的那些许可证。"
+"Eclipse 公共许可证和 Mozilla 公å…
±è®¸å¯è¯éƒ½æ˜¯ä¸­é—´åž‹è®¸å¯è¯ã€‚由于中间型许可证的要"
+"求不允许组合程序使用 copyleft 许可证，所以它们一般都不å…
¼å®¹ copyleft 许可证。"
+"Mozilla å…¬å…±è®¸å¯è¯å…è®¸å°†ä»£ç å†æ¬¡æŽˆæƒåˆ° GNU GPL，除非该代ç 
æ˜Žç¡®æ‹’ç»è¿™æ ·åšã€‚"
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"Finally, what about dual licensing?<a href=\"#f5\">(*****)</a> A dual "
+"license is a disjunction: it means that the same program carries a choice of "
+"two or more different licenses.  For instance, older versions of Perl "
+"carried a dual license: the disjunction of the Artistic License and the GNU "
+"General Public License.  This meant that each user could choose to use and "
+"redistribute Perl under one license or the other, or under both in "
+"disjunction like the Perl release itself.  A disjunction is compatible with "
+"a set of other licenses if any one of the license choices in the disjunction "
+"is compatible with that set."
+msgstr ""
+"最后，双重许可证怎么办呢？<a 
href=\"#f5\">(*****)</a>双重许可证是一种分割：它"
+"的意思是同一个程序可以选择两个或多个许可证中的一个。例如，老版本的
 Perl 就带"
+"有双重许可证：或者是 Artistic 许可证，或者是 GNU 通用公å…
±è®¸å¯è¯ã€‚这意味着每个"
+"用户都可以选择并按照其中一个许可证或者就按照 Perl 
原来的分割方式再次授权 "
+"Perl。如果双重许可证中的一个许可证和一组许可证å…
¼å®¹ï¼Œé‚£ä¹ˆè¯¥åŒé‡è®¸å¯è¯å°±å’Œè¯¥ç»„"
+"许可证兼容。"
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"When you choose a license for your code, please choose GNU GPL version 3 or "
+"later, or some license compatible with that.  This is the way to make your "
+"code combinable with nearly all the corpus of free software.  Choosing GPL "
+"or AGPL, version 3 or later, will also do the utmost to defend freedom for "
+"all users of all versions of your code."
+msgstr ""
+"å½“ä½ é€‰æ‹©è®¸å¯è¯æ—¶ï¼Œè¯·é€‰æ‹© GNU GPL v3 或者以后版本，或者
是与之兼容的许可证。这"
+"æ˜¯ä½¿ä½ çš„ä»£ç èƒ½å¤Ÿå’Œå‡ ä¹Žæ‰€æœ‰è‡ªç”±è½¯ä»¶é›†åˆçš„ä»£ç 
ç»„合的正确方法。选择 GPL 或 "
+"AGPL，v3 æˆ–è€…ä»¥åŽç‰ˆæœ¬ï¼Œä¹Ÿä¼šæœ€å¤§ç¨‹åº¦åœ°ä¿æŠ¤æ‰€æœ‰ä½¿ç”¨ä½ 
å„ä¸ªç‰ˆæœ¬ä»£ç çš„ç”¨æˆ·çš„è‡ªç”±ã€‚"
+
+#. type: Content of: <h3>
+msgid "Combining code"
+msgstr "åˆå¹¶ä»£ç "
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"When a set of licenses are compatible, that means you can legally combine or "
+"merge a number of programs each licensed under one of those licenses.  How, "
+"then, is the combined program licensed?"
+msgstr ""
+"å½“ä¸€ç»„è®¸å¯è¯å…¼å®¹æ—¶ï¼Œè¿™å°±æ„å‘³ç€ä½ 
可以合法地合并或融合一系列按照其中某个许可证"
+"å‘å¸ƒçš„ç¨‹åºã€‚é‚£ä¹ˆï¼Œåˆå¹¶åŽçš„ç¨‹åºè¯¥æ€Žæ ·æŽˆæƒå‘¢ï¼Ÿ"
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"Each free software license says you must keep the license with the code that "
+"is covered by it.  So in a strict sense, the licensing of the combined "
+"program includes the licenses of all its parts.  However, sometimes you want "
+"a <em>summary</em> answer to the question of how the combined program is "
+"licensed.  Which licenses does someone using the combined program <em>need "
+"to pay attention to?</em>"
+msgstr ""
+"æ¯ä¸ªè‡ªç”±è½¯ä»¶è®¸å¯è¯éƒ½è¯´ä½ å¿…é¡»ä¿æŒå…¶ä»£ç 
åŽŸæœ‰çš„è®¸å¯è¯ã€‚æ‰€ä»¥ä¸¥æ ¼æ¥è®²ï¼Œåˆå¹¶ç¨‹åºçš„"
+"è®¸å¯è¯è¦åŒ…å«å…¶æ‰€æœ‰ç»„æˆéƒ¨åˆ†çš„è®¸å¯è¯ã€‚ä¸è¿‡ï¼Œæœ‰æ—¶ä½ 
想要一个 <em>总结性</em> 的回"
+"答来解决合并程序该如何授权的问题。究竟哪一个许可证是使用合并程序的人
 <em>要关"
+"注的呢？</em>"
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"To compute that, you start with a list of all the pertinent licenses.  Then "
+"you can delete from the list any license which is subsumed by another in the "
+"list."
+msgstr ""
+"ä¸ºäº†è®¡ç®—ï¼Œä½ è¦ä»Žæ‰€æœ‰ç›´æŽ¥ç›¸å…³çš„è®¸å¯è¯åˆ—è¡¨å¼€å§‹ã€‚ç„¶åŽä½ 
可以把列表中一些能够被另"
+"å¤–ä¸€äº›è®¸å¯è¯åŒ…å«çš„è®¸å¯è¯åˆ é™¤ã€‚"
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"We say that a license A <em>subsumes</em> license B when compliance with "
+"license A implies compliance with license B."
+msgstr ""
+"如果遵循许可证甲意味着也遵循许可证乙，那么我们就说许可证甲
 <em>包含</em> 许可"
+"证乙。"
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"For instance, the GNU GPL version N and the GNU Affero GPL version N both "
+"subsume the GNU Lesser GPL version N, and all three of those subsume the GNU "
+"Lesser GPL version 2.1."
+msgstr ""
+"例如，GNU GPL 版本 N 和 GNU Affero GPL 版本 N 都包含了 GNU Lesser 
GPL 版本 "
+"N，而它们三个都包含了 GNU Lesser GPL 版本 2.1。"
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"Any GNU license, version N, subsumes the Apache 2.0 license provided N is at "
+"least 3."
+msgstr ""
+"任一版本 N 的 GNU 许可证，如果 N 不小于 3，那么它就包
含了 Apache 2.0 许可证。"
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"The GNU GPL, version N, subsumes all versions of the Mozilla Public License "
+"that are compatible with it."
+msgstr "GNU GPL 版本 N 包含了与之兼容的所有版本的 Mozilla 公å…
±è®¸å¯è¯ã€‚"
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"The Apache 2.0 license subsumes the BSD, Expat, X11, ISC and CC-0 licenses.  "
+"BSD 3 clause subsumes BSD 2 clause.  The BSD licenses subsume the Expat, X11 "
+"and ISC licenses and CC-0."
+msgstr ""
+"Apache 2.0 许可证包含了 BSD、Expat、X11、ISC 和 CC-0 
许可证。BSD 3 条款包含"
+"了 BSD 2 条款。BSD 许可证包含了 Expat、X11 和 ISC 许可证以及 
CC-0。"
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"This is not meant to be a complete list, but if we are informed of other "
+"cases worth mentioning, we will add them."
+msgstr ""
+"此处并非要提供一个完整列表，但是如果我们发现还有å…
¶ä»–值得说明的例子，我们还会"
+"æ·»åŠ ã€‚"
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"When some license is subsumed, you still need to include a copy of it with "
+"all distribution of the combined program."
+msgstr "å½“æŸäº›è®¸å¯è¯è¢«åŒ…å«æ—¶ï¼Œä½ 
仍然需要在发布组合程序时包含该许可证的拷贝。"
+
+#. type: Content of: <h3>
+msgid "Footnotes"
+msgstr "脚注"
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"<b>*</b> It is not inconceivable that other legal issues might arise about a "
+"specific combination of programs, issues not related to the copyright "
+"licenses of the programs to be combined.  We discuss only the implications "
+"of the licenses themselves."
+msgstr ""
+"<b>*</b> 可以想象还可能有关于合并程序的å…
¶ä»–法律问题，这些问题可能和合并程序的"
+"è®¸å¯è¯æ— å…³ã€‚æˆ‘ä»¬åªè®¨è®ºå’Œè®¸å¯è¯æœ¬èº«æœ‰å…³çš„é—®é¢˜ã€‚"
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"<b>**</b> The main license in actual use that isn't reasonably behaved is "
+"the license of TeX: if two programs are licensed just the way TeX is, there "
+"is no authorized way to distribute a merged version of them."
+msgstr ""
+"<b>**</b> å®žé™…å½“ä¸­ç”¨åˆ°çš„ä¸é‚£ä¹ˆé¡ºç†æˆç« çš„è®¸å¯è¯ä¸»è¦æ˜¯ TeX 
的许可证：如果两个程"
+"序都按照 TeX çš„æ–¹å¼æŽˆæƒï¼Œé‚£ä¹ˆä½ 
就没有办法发布两个程序的组合程序。"
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"The TeX license permits distribution of a modified version only in the form "
+"of the original version plus a differences file.  If A and B are separately "
+"released that way, then merged, distributing the merged program as A plus a "
+"change file violates the license of B.  Distributing this as B plus a change "
+"file violates the license of A.  Distributing this in any other way violates "
+"both licenses."
+msgstr ""
+"TeX è®¸å¯è¯å…è®¸å‘å¸ƒçš„ä¿®æ”¹ç‰ˆåªèƒ½æ˜¯åŽŸæ¥çš„ç‰ˆæœ¬åŠ 
上一个差异文件。如果甲和乙两个程"
+"序分别按照 Tex 许可证发布，然后再合并，那么按ç…
§ç”²ç¨‹åºåŠ 上一个差异文件来发布合"
+"å¹¶ç¨‹åºå°±è¿åäº†ä¹™ç¨‹åºçš„è®¸å¯è¯ã€‚åè¿‡æ¥ï¼Œå‘å¸ƒä¹™ç¨‹åºåŠ 
上差异文件的话又违反了甲的"
+"许可证。按照å…
¶ä»–方式发布的话就违反了甲乙两个程序的许可证。"
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"It is no coincidence that TeX was released in 1982: our community has "
+"learned, since then, to write reasonably behaved licenses."
+msgstr ""
+"这个并不意外，TeX 早在 1982 
å¹´å°±å‘å¸ƒäº†ï¼šç¤¾åŒºä»Žæ­¤é€æ¸å­¦ä¼šäº†æ’°å†™é¡ºç†æˆç« çš„è®¸å¯"
+"证。"
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"<b>***</b> When distributing in source code form, it is usually sufficient "
+"to leave the license notices in the source code as they stand; extra license "
+"notice requirements typically only come up for lax licenses when "
+"distributing binaries without the source code."
+msgstr ""
+"<b>***</b> å½“å‘å¸ƒæºä»£ç æ—¶ï¼Œåœ¨æºä»£ç é‡ŒåŠ å…
¥è®¸å¯è¯å£°æ˜Žé€šå¸¸å°±è¶³å¤Ÿäº†ï¼›åªæœ‰è±¡ä½¿ç”¨æ¾"
+"散型许可证的仅发布二进制而不带源代ç 
çš„程序才需要额外的许可证声明。"
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"<b>****</b> In addition, GPL version 2 still allows binaries to be made "
+"nonfree by hardware that rejects all but special signed binaries, and still "
+"does not allow distribution of binaries by torrent.  <a href=\"/licenses/rms-"
+"why-gplv3.html\">We fixed those problems, and others, in version 3</a>, but "
+"we can't change version 2."
+msgstr ""
+"<b>****</b> 另外，GPL v2 仍然å…
è®¸éžè‡ªç”±çš„二进制&mdash;&mdash;硬件只运行特别签"
+"名的二进制而拒绝其他二进制文件，而且仍然不允许使用 
torrent 发布二进制。<a "
+"href=\"/licenses/rms-why-gplv3.html\">我们在版本 3 
中修复了这些问题，还修复了"
+"其他问题</a>，但是我们不能改变版本 2。"
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"<b>*****</b> Some use the term &ldquo;dual licensing&rdquo; to refer to "
+"selling exceptions, but that is a misnomer.  See <a href=\"/philosophy/"
+"selling-exceptions.html\"> Selling Exceptions</a>.  Note that if the program "
+"on which the license is sold includes any code that is not in the free "
+"(libre) release, that's not selling exceptions, that's nonfree software."
+msgstr ""
+"<b>*****</b> 有人使用 &ldquo;双重许可证&rdquo; 来å…
œå”®è®¸å¯è¯ä¾‹å¤–，但是词不达"
+"意。请参看 <a href=\"/philosophy/selling-exceptions.html\">å…
œå”®ä¾‹å¤–</a>。请注"
+"意，如果某个许可证兜售的程序包含了任何非自由的代ç 
ï¼Œé‚£ä¹ˆå®ƒå°±ä¸æ˜¯åœ¨å…œå”®ä¾‹å¤–，"
+"它就是非自由软件。"
+
+#. TRANSLATORS: Use space (SPC) as msgstr if you don't have notes.
+#. type: Content of: <div>
+msgid "*GNUN-SLOT: TRANSLATOR'S NOTES*"
+msgstr " "
+
+#. type: Content of: <div><div><p>
+msgid ""
+"Please send general FSF &amp; GNU inquiries to <a 
href=\"mailto:address@hidden";
+"\">&lt;address@hidden&gt;</a>.  There are also <a href=\"/contact/\">other 
ways "
+"to contact</a> the FSF.  Broken links and other corrections or suggestions "
+"can be sent to <a href=\"mailto:address@hidden\";>&lt;webmasters@gnu."
+"org&gt;</a>."
+msgstr ""
+"请将有关自由软件基金会(FSF) &amp; GNU的一般性问题发送到<a 
href=\"mailto:";
+"address@hidden\">&lt;address@hidden&gt;</a>。也可以通过<a 
href=\"/contact/\">其他联"
+"系方法</a>联系自由软件基金会(FSF)。有关失效链接或å…
¶ä»–错误和建议，请发送邮件到"
+"<a href=\"mailto:address@hidden\";>&lt;address@hidden&gt;</a>。"
+
+#
+#
+#
+#.  TRANSLATORS: Ignore the original text in this paragraph,
+#.         replace it with the translation of these two:
+#.         We work hard and do our best to provide accurate, good quality
+#.         translations.  However, we are not exempt from imperfection.
+#.         Please send your comments and general suggestions in this regard
+#.         to <a href="mailto:address@hidden";>
+#.         &lt;address@hidden&gt;</a>.</p>
+#.         <p>For information on coordinating and submitting translations of
+#.         our web pages, see <a
+#.         href="/server/standards/README.translations.html">Translations
+#.         README</a>. 
+#. type: Content of: <div><div><p>
+msgid ""
+"Please see the <a href=\"/server/standards/README.translations.html"
+"\">Translations README</a> for information on coordinating and submitting "
+"translations of this article."
+msgstr ""
+"我们尽最大努力来提供精准和高质量的翻译，但难å…
ä¼šå­˜åœ¨é”™è¯¯å’Œä¸è¶³ã€‚如果您在这方"
+"面有评论或一般性的建议，请发送至 <a 
href=\"mailto:address@hidden";
+"\">&lt;address@hidden&gt;</a>。</p><p>å…
³äºŽè¿›è¡Œåè°ƒä¸Žæäº¤ç¿»è¯‘的更多信"
+"息参见 <a href=\"/server/standards/README.translators.html\">《译者
指南》</"
+"a>。"
+
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
+msgid "Copyright &copy; 2016, 2018 Free Software Foundation, Inc."
+msgstr "Copyright &copy; 2016, 2018 Free Software Foundation, Inc."
+
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
+msgid ""
+"This page is licensed under a <a rel=\"license\" href=\"http://";
+"creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nd/4.0/\">Creative Commons Attribution-"
+"NoDerivatives 4.0 International License</a>."
+msgstr ""
+"本页面使用 <a rel=\"license\" 
href=\"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-";
+"nd/4.0/\">Creative Commons Attribution-NoDerivatives 4.0 International "
+"License</a> 授权。"
+
+#. TRANSLATORS: Use space (SPC) as msgstr if you don't want credits.
+#. type: Content of: <div><div>
+msgid "*GNUN-SLOT: TRANSLATOR'S CREDITS*"
+msgstr ""
+"<b>翻译团队</b>：<a rel=\"team\" 
href=\"https://savannah.gnu.org/projects/";
+"www-zh-cn/\">&lt;CTT&gt;</a>，2020。"
+
+#.  timestamp start 
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
+msgid "Updated:"
+msgstr "最后更新："