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Subject: |
www/philosophy linux-gnu-freedom.de.html linux-... |
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Date: |
Wed, 2 Oct 2019 11:59:12 -0400 (EDT) |
CVSROOT: /web/www
Module name: www
Changes by: GNUN <gnun> 19/10/02 11:59:12
Modified files:
philosophy : linux-gnu-freedom.de.html
linux-gnu-freedom.sr.html
philosophy/po : linux-gnu-freedom.sr-diff.html
Added files:
philosophy/po : linux-gnu-freedom.de-diff.html
Log message:
Automatic update by GNUnited Nations.
CVSWeb URLs:
http://web.cvs.savannah.gnu.org/viewcvs/www/philosophy/linux-gnu-freedom.de.html?cvsroot=www&r1=1.10&r2=1.11
http://web.cvs.savannah.gnu.org/viewcvs/www/philosophy/linux-gnu-freedom.sr.html?cvsroot=www&r1=1.32&r2=1.33
http://web.cvs.savannah.gnu.org/viewcvs/www/philosophy/po/linux-gnu-freedom.sr-diff.html?cvsroot=www&r1=1.1&r2=1.2
http://web.cvs.savannah.gnu.org/viewcvs/www/philosophy/po/linux-gnu-freedom.de-diff.html?cvsroot=www&rev=1.1
Patches:
Index: linux-gnu-freedom.de.html
===================================================================
RCS file: /web/www/www/philosophy/linux-gnu-freedom.de.html,v
retrieving revision 1.10
retrieving revision 1.11
diff -u -b -r1.10 -r1.11
--- linux-gnu-freedom.de.html 25 Oct 2017 11:30:11 -0000 1.10
+++ linux-gnu-freedom.de.html 2 Oct 2019 15:59:11 -0000 1.11
@@ -1,4 +1,9 @@
-<!--#set var="ENGLISH_PAGE" value="/philosophy/linux-gnu-freedom.en.html" -->
+<!--#set var="PO_FILE"
+ value='<a href="/philosophy/po/linux-gnu-freedom.de.po">
+ https://www.gnu.org/philosophy/po/linux-gnu-freedom.de.po</a>'
+ --><!--#set var="ORIGINAL_FILE" value="/philosophy/linux-gnu-freedom.html"
+ --><!--#set var="DIFF_FILE"
value="/philosophy/po/linux-gnu-freedom.de-diff.html"
+ --><!--#set var="OUTDATED_SINCE" value="2019-08-03" --><!--#set
var="ENGLISH_PAGE" value="/philosophy/linux-gnu-freedom.en.html" -->
<!--#include virtual="/server/header.de.html" -->
<!-- Parent-Version: 1.84 -->
@@ -11,6 +16,7 @@
<!--#include virtual="/philosophy/po/linux-gnu-freedom.translist" -->
<!--#include virtual="/server/banner.de.html" -->
+<!--#include virtual="/server/outdated.de.html" -->
<h2>Linux, GNU und Freiheit</h2>
<p>
@@ -298,7 +304,7 @@
<p class="unprintable"><!-- timestamp start -->
Letzte Ãnderung:
-$Date: 2017/10/25 11:30:11 $
+$Date: 2019/10/02 15:59:11 $
<!-- timestamp end -->
</p>
Index: linux-gnu-freedom.sr.html
===================================================================
RCS file: /web/www/www/philosophy/linux-gnu-freedom.sr.html,v
retrieving revision 1.32
retrieving revision 1.33
diff -u -b -r1.32 -r1.33
--- linux-gnu-freedom.sr.html 22 Jul 2019 15:03:37 -0000 1.32
+++ linux-gnu-freedom.sr.html 2 Oct 2019 15:59:11 -0000 1.33
@@ -1,4 +1,9 @@
-<!--#set var="ENGLISH_PAGE" value="/philosophy/linux-gnu-freedom.en.html" -->
+<!--#set var="PO_FILE"
+ value='<a href="/philosophy/po/linux-gnu-freedom.sr.po">
+ https://www.gnu.org/philosophy/po/linux-gnu-freedom.sr.po</a>'
+ --><!--#set var="ORIGINAL_FILE" value="/philosophy/linux-gnu-freedom.html"
+ --><!--#set var="DIFF_FILE"
value="/philosophy/po/linux-gnu-freedom.sr-diff.html"
+ --><!--#set var="OUTDATED_SINCE" value="2019-08-03" --><!--#set
var="ENGLISH_PAGE" value="/philosophy/linux-gnu-freedom.en.html" -->
<!--#include virtual="/server/header.sr.html" -->
<!-- Parent-Version: 1.84 -->
@@ -13,6 +18,7 @@
<!--#include virtual="/philosophy/po/linux-gnu-freedom.translist" -->
<!--#include virtual="/server/banner.sr.html" -->
+<!--#include virtual="/server/outdated.sr.html" -->
<h2>ÐинÑкÑ, ÐÐУ и Ñлобода</h2>
<p>
@@ -270,7 +276,7 @@
<p class="unprintable"><!-- timestamp start -->
ÐжÑÑиÑано:
-$Date: 2019/07/22 15:03:37 $
+$Date: 2019/10/02 15:59:11 $
<!-- timestamp end -->
</p>
Index: po/linux-gnu-freedom.sr-diff.html
===================================================================
RCS file: /web/www/www/philosophy/po/linux-gnu-freedom.sr-diff.html,v
retrieving revision 1.1
retrieving revision 1.2
diff -u -b -r1.1 -r1.2
--- po/linux-gnu-freedom.sr-diff.html 24 Nov 2017 09:58:53 -0000 1.1
+++ po/linux-gnu-freedom.sr-diff.html 2 Oct 2019 15:59:11 -0000 1.2
@@ -11,7 +11,7 @@
</style></head>
<body><pre>
<!--#include virtual="/server/header.html" -->
-<!-- Parent-Version: <span
class="removed"><del><strong>1.77</strong></del></span> <span
class="inserted"><ins><em>1.84</em></ins></span> -->
+<!-- Parent-Version: 1.84 -->
<title>Linux, GNU, and freedom
- GNU Project - Free Software Foundation</title>
<meta http-equiv="Keywords"
@@ -24,14 +24,9 @@
<p>
by <strong>Richard M. Stallman</strong></p>
-<span class="removed"><del><strong><!--
- <p>
- <cite>Richard Stallman's response to Joe Barr's account of the
FSF's
- dealings with the Austin “Linux” users
group.</cite></p>
- --></strong></del></span>
-
<p>
- Since <a href="http://linux.sys-con.com/node/32755">Joe Barr's
+ Since <a <span
class="removed"><del><strong>href="http://linux.sys-con.com/node/32755">Joe</strong></del></span>
+ <span
class="inserted"><ins><em>href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190404115541/http://linux.sys-con.com/node/32755">Joe</em></ins></span>
Barr's
article</a> criticized my dealings with SIGLINUX, I would like to
set the record straight about what actually occurred, and state my
reasons.</p>
@@ -237,16 +232,13 @@
“Don't bother us with politics,” respond those who don't
want to learn.</p>
-<span class="removed"><del><strong><p>
- <strong><a
name="update">Update:</a></strong></strong></del></span>
-
-<span class="inserted"><ins><em><p id="update">
- <strong>Update:</strong></em></ins></span> Since 2005, BitKeeper
+<p id="update">
+ <strong>Update:</strong> Since 2005, BitKeeper
is no longer used to manage the Linux kernel source tree. See the
article, <a href="/philosophy/mcvoy.html">Thank You, Larry
McVoy</a>. The Linux sources still contain non-free firmware blobs,
but as of January 2008,
- a <a <span
class="removed"><del><strong>href="http://directory.fsf.org/project/linux"></strong></del></span>
<span
class="inserted"><ins><em>href="//directory.fsf.org/project/linux"></em></ins></span>
free version of
+ a <a href="//directory.fsf.org/project/linux"> free version of
Linux</a> is now maintained for use in free GNU/Linux
distributions.</p>
</div><!-- for id="content", starts in the include above -->
@@ -278,18 +270,17 @@
information on coordinating and submitting translations of this
article.</p>
</div>
-<p>Copyright © <span
class="removed"><del><strong>2002</strong></del></span> <span
class="inserted"><ins><em>2002, 2017</em></ins></span> Richard M.
Stallman</p>
+<p>Copyright © 2002, <span
class="removed"><del><strong>2017</strong></del></span> <span
class="inserted"><ins><em>2017, 2019</em></ins></span> Richard M.
Stallman</p>
<p>This page is licensed under a <a rel="license"
-<span
class="removed"><del><strong>href="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nd/3.0/us/">Creative</strong></del></span>
-<span
class="inserted"><ins><em>href="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nd/4.0/">Creative</em></ins></span>
-Commons <span class="removed"><del><strong>Attribution-NoDerivs 3.0 United
States</strong></del></span> <span
class="inserted"><ins><em>Attribution-NoDerivatives 4.0
International</em></ins></span> License</a>.</p>
+href="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nd/4.0/">Creative
+Commons Attribution-NoDerivatives 4.0 International
License</a>.</p>
<!--#include virtual="/server/bottom-notes.html" -->
<p class="unprintable">Updated:
<!-- timestamp start -->
-$Date: 2017/11/24 09:58:53 $
+$Date: 2019/10/02 15:59:11 $
<!-- timestamp end -->
</p>
</div>
Index: po/linux-gnu-freedom.de-diff.html
===================================================================
RCS file: po/linux-gnu-freedom.de-diff.html
diff -N po/linux-gnu-freedom.de-diff.html
--- /dev/null 1 Jan 1970 00:00:00 -0000
+++ po/linux-gnu-freedom.de-diff.html 2 Oct 2019 15:59:11 -0000 1.1
@@ -0,0 +1,290 @@
+<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Strict//EN"
+ "http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-strict.dtd";>
+<!-- Generated by GNUN -->
+<html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"; xml:lang="en" lang="en">
+<head>
+<meta http-equiv="content-type" content="text/html; charset=utf-8" />
+<title>/philosophy/linux-gnu-freedom.html-diff</title>
+<style type="text/css">
+span.removed { background-color: #f22; color: #000; }
+span.inserted { background-color: #2f2; color: #000; }
+</style></head>
+<body><pre>
+<!--#include virtual="/server/header.html" -->
+<!-- Parent-Version: 1.84 -->
+<title>Linux, GNU, and freedom
+- GNU Project - Free Software Foundation</title>
+<meta http-equiv="Keywords"
+ content="GNU, FSF, Free Software Foundation, Linux, freedom, software,
power, rights, Richard Stallman, rms, SIGLINUX, Joe Barr" />
+<meta http-equiv="Description" content="In this essay, Linux, GNU, and
freedom, Richard M. Stallman responds to Joe Barr's account of the FSF's
dealings with the Austin Linux users group." />
+<!--#include virtual="/philosophy/po/linux-gnu-freedom.translist" -->
+<!--#include virtual="/server/banner.html" -->
+<h2>Linux, GNU, and freedom</h2>
+
+<p>
+ by <strong>Richard M. Stallman</strong></p>
+
+<p>
+ Since <a <span
class="removed"><del><strong>href="http://linux.sys-con.com/node/32755">Joe</strong></del></span>
+ <span
class="inserted"><ins><em>href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190404115541/http://linux.sys-con.com/node/32755">Joe</em></ins></span>
Barr's
+ article</a> criticized my dealings with SIGLINUX, I would like to
+ set the record straight about what actually occurred, and state my
+ reasons.</p>
+<p>
+ When SIGLINUX invited me to speak, it was a “Linux User
+ Group”; that is, a group for users of the GNU/Linux system
+ which calls the whole system “Linux”. So I replied
+ politely that if they'd like someone from the GNU Project to give a
+ speech for them, they ought to treat the GNU Project right, and call
+ the system “GNU/Linux”. The system is a variant of GNU,
+ and the GNU Project is its principal developer, so social convention
+ says to call it by the name we chose. Unless there are powerful
+ reasons for an exception, I usually decline to give speeches for
+ organizations that won't give GNU proper credit in this way. I
+ respect their freedom of speech, but I also have the freedom not to
+ give a speech.</p>
+<p>
+ Subsequently, Jeff Strunk of SIGLINUX tried to change the group's
+ policy, and asked the FSF to list his group in our page of GNU/Linux
+ user groups. Our webmaster told him that we would not list it under
+ the name “SIGLINUX” because that name implies that the
+ group is about Linux. Strunk proposed to change the name to
+ “SIGFREE”, and our webmaster agreed that would be fine.
+ (Barr's article said we rejected this proposal.) However, the group
+ ultimately decided to stay with “SIGLINUX”.</p>
+<p>
+ At that point, the matter came to my attention again, and I
+ suggested they consider other possible names. There are many names
+ they could choose that would not call the system
+ “Linux”, and I hope they will come up with one they
+ like. There the matter rests as far as I know.</p>
+<p>
+ Is it true, as Barr writes, that some people see these actions as an
+ “application of force” comparable with Microsoft's
+ monopoly power? Probably so. Declining an invitation is not
+ coercion, but people who are determined to believe that the entire
+ system is “Linux” sometimes develop amazingly distorted
+ vision. To make that name appear justified, they must see molehills
+ as mountains and mountains as molehills. If you can ignore the
+ facts and believe that Linus Torvalds developed the whole system
+ starting in 1991, or if you can ignore your ordinary principles of
+ fairness and believe that Torvalds should get the sole credit even
+ though he didn't do that, it's a small step to believe that I owe
+ you a speech when you ask.</p>
+<p>
+ Just consider: the GNU Project starts developing an operating
+ system, and years later Linus Torvalds adds one important piece.
+ The GNU Project says, “Please give our project equal
+ mention,” but Linus says, “Don't give them a share of
+ the credit; call the whole thing after my name alone!” Now
+ envision the mindset of a person who can look at these events and
+ accuse the GNU Project of egotism. It takes strong prejudice to
+ misjudge so drastically.</p>
+<p>
+ A person who is that prejudiced can say all sorts of unfair things
+ about the GNU Project and think them justified; his fellows will
+ support him, because they want each other's support in maintaining
+ their prejudice. Dissenters can be reviled; thus, if I decline to
+ participate in an activity under the rubric of “Linux”,
+ they may find that inexcusable, and hold me responsible for the ill
+ will they feel afterwards. When so many people want me to call the
+ system “Linux”, how can I, who merely launched its
+ development, not comply? And forcibly denying them a speech is
+ forcibly making them unhappy. That's coercion, as bad as
+ Microsoft!</p>
+<p>
+ Now, you might wonder why I don't just duck the issue and avoid all
+ this grief. When SIGLINUX invited me to speak, I could simply have
+ said “No, sorry” and the matter would have ended there.
+ Why didn't I do that? I'm willing to take the risk of being abused
+ personally in order to have a chance of correcting the error that
+ undercuts the GNU Project's efforts.</p>
+<p>
+ Calling this variant of the GNU system “Linux” plays
+ into the hands of people who choose their software based only on
+ technical advantage, not caring whether it respects their freedom.
+ There are people like Barr, that want their software “free
+ from ideology” and criticize anyone that says freedom matters.
+ There are people like Torvalds that will pressure our community into
+ use of a non-free program, and challenge anyone who complains to
+ provide a (technically) better program immediately or shut up.
+ There are people who say that technical decisions should not be
+ “politicized” by consideration of their social
+ consequences.</p>
+<p>
+ In the 70s, computer users lost the freedoms to redistribute and
+ change software because they didn't value their freedom. Computer
+ users regained these freedoms in the 80s and 90s because a group of
+ idealists, the GNU Project, believed that freedom is what makes a
+ program better, and were willing to work for what we believed in.</p>
+<p>
+ We have partial freedom today, but our freedom is not secure. It is
+ threatened by the <abbr title="Consumer Broadband and Digital
+ Television Promotion Act">CBDTPA</abbr>
+ (formerly <abbr title="Security Systems Standards and Certification
Act">SSSCA</abbr>),
+ by the Broadcast “Protection” Discussion Group
+ (see <a href="http://www.eff.org/">http://www.eff.org/</a>) which
+ proposes to prohibit free software to access digital TV broadcasts,
+ by software patents (Europe is now considering whether to have
+ software patents), by Microsoft nondisclosure agreements for vital
+ protocols, and by everyone who tempts us with a non-free program
+ that is “better” (technically) than available free
+ programs. We can lose our freedom again just as we lost it the
+ first time, if we don't care enough to protect it.</p>
+<p>
+ Will enough of us care? That depends on many things; among them,
+ how much influence the GNU Project has, and how much influence Linus
+ Torvalds has. The GNU Project says, “Value your
+ freedom!”. Joe Barr says, “Choose between non-free and
+ free programs on technical grounds alone!”. If people credit
+ Torvalds as the main developer of the GNU/Linux system, that's not
+ just inaccurate, it also makes his message more
+ influential—and that message says, “Non-free software is
+ ok; I use it and develop it myself.” If they recognize our
+ role, they will listen to us more, and the message we will give them
+ is, “This system exists because of people who care about
+ freedom. Join us, value your freedom, and together we can preserve
+ it.”
+ See <a
href="/gnu/thegnuproject.html">http://www.gnu.org/gnu/thegnuproject.html</a>
+ for the history.</p>
+<p>
+ When I ask people to call the system GNU/Linux, some of them respond
+ with <a href="/gnu/gnu-linux-faq.html"> silly excuses and straw
men</a>.
+ But we probably haven't lost
+ anything, because they were probably unfriendly to begin with.
+ Meanwhile, other people recognize the reasons I give, and use that
+ name. By doing so, they help make other people aware of why the
+ GNU/Linux system really exists, and that increases our ability to
+ spread the idea that freedom is an important value.</p>
+<p>
+ This is why I keep butting my head against bias, calumny, and grief.
+ They hurt my feelings, but when successful, this effort helps the GNU
+ Project campaign for freedom.</p>
+<p>
+ Since this came up in the context of Linux (the kernel) and Bitkeeper,
+ the non-free version control system that Linus Torvalds now uses, I'd
+ like to address that issue as well.</p>
+
+<h3 id="bitkeeper">Bitkeeper issue</h3>
+<p>
+ (See the <a href="#update">update</a> below.)</p>
+<p>
+ The use of Bitkeeper for the Linux sources has a grave effect on the
+ free software community, because anyone who wants to closely track
+ patches to Linux can only do it by installing that non-free program.
+ There must be dozens or even hundreds of kernel hackers who have done
+ this. Most of them are gradually convincing themselves that it is ok
+ to use non-free software, in order to avoid a sense of cognitive
+ dissonance about the presence of Bitkeeper on their machines. What
+ can be done about this?</p>
+<p>
+ One solution is to set up another repository for the Linux sources,
+ using CVS or another free version control system, and arranging to
+ load new versions into it automatically. This could use Bitkeeper to
+ access the latest revisions, then install the new revisions into CVS.
+ That update process could run automatically and frequently.</p>
+<p>
+ The FSF cannot do this, because we cannot install Bitkeeper on our
+ machines. We have no non-free systems or applications on them now,
+ and our principles say we must keep it that way. Operating this
+ repository would have to be done by someone else who is willing to
+ have Bitkeeper on his machine, unless someone can find or make a way
+ to do it using free software.</p>
+<p>
+ The Linux sources themselves have an even more serious problem with
+ non-free software: they actually contain some. Quite a few device
+ drivers contain series of numbers that represent firmware programs to
+ be installed in the device. These programs are not free software. A
+ few numbers to be deposited into device registers are one thing; a
+ substantial program in binary is another.</p>
+<p>
+ The presence of these binary-only programs in “source”
+ files of Linux creates a secondary problem: it calls into question
+ whether Linux binaries can legally be redistributed at all. The GPL
+ requires “complete corresponding source code,” and a
+ sequence of integers is not the source code. By the same token,
+ adding such a binary to the Linux sources violates the GPL.</p>
+<p>
+ The Linux developers have a plan to move these firmware programs
+ into separate files; it will take a few years to mature, but when
+ completed it will solve the secondary problem; we could make a
+ “free Linux” version that doesn't have the non-free
+ firmware files. That by itself won't do much good if most people
+ use the non-free “official” version of Linux. That may
+ well occur, because on many platforms the free version won't run
+ without the non-free firmware. The “free Linux” project
+ will have to figure out what the firmware does and write source code
+ for it, perhaps in assembler language for whatever embedded
+ processor it runs on. It's a daunting job. It would be less
+ daunting if we had done it little by little over the years, rather
+ than letting it mount up. In recruiting people to do this job, we
+ will have to overcome the idea, spread by some Linux developers,
+ that the job is not necessary.</p>
+<p>
+ Linux, the kernel, is often thought of as the flagship of free
+ software, yet its current version is partially non-free. How did
+ this happen? This problem, like the decision to use Bitkeeper,
+ reflects the attitude of the original developer of Linux, a person
+ who thinks that “technically better” is more important
+ than freedom.</p>
+<p>
+ Value your freedom, or you will lose it, teaches history.
+ “Don't bother us with politics,” respond those who don't
+ want to learn.</p>
+
+<p id="update">
+ <strong>Update:</strong> Since 2005, BitKeeper
+ is no longer used to manage the Linux kernel source tree. See the
+ article, <a href="/philosophy/mcvoy.html">Thank You, Larry
+ McVoy</a>. The Linux sources still contain non-free firmware blobs,
+ but as of January 2008,
+ a <a href="//directory.fsf.org/project/linux"> free version of
+ Linux</a> is now maintained for use in free GNU/Linux
+ distributions.</p>
+</div><!-- for id="content", starts in the include above -->
+<!--#include virtual="/server/footer.html" -->
+<div id="footer">
+<div class="unprintable">
+
+<p>Please send general FSF & GNU inquiries to <a
+href="mailto:address@hidden"><address@hidden></a>. There are
also <a
+href="/contact/">other ways to contact</a> the FSF. Broken links and
other
+corrections or suggestions can be sent to <a
+href="mailto:address@hidden"><address@hidden></a>.</p>
+
+<p><!-- TRANSLATORS: Ignore the original text in this paragraph,
+ replace it with the translation of these two:
+
+ We work hard and do our best to provide accurate, good quality
+ translations. However, we are not exempt from imperfection.
+ Please send your comments and general suggestions in this regard
+ to <a href="mailto:address@hidden">
+ <address@hidden></a>.</p>
+
+ <p>For information on coordinating and submitting translations of
+ our web pages, see <a
+ href="/server/standards/README.translations.html">Translations
+ README</a>. -->
+Please see the <a
+href="/server/standards/README.translations.html">Translations
README</a> for
+information on coordinating and submitting translations of this
article.</p>
+</div>
+
+<p>Copyright © 2002, <span
class="removed"><del><strong>2017</strong></del></span> <span
class="inserted"><ins><em>2017, 2019</em></ins></span> Richard M.
Stallman</p>
+
+<p>This page is licensed under a <a rel="license"
+href="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nd/4.0/">Creative
+Commons Attribution-NoDerivatives 4.0 International
License</a>.</p>
+
+<!--#include virtual="/server/bottom-notes.html" -->
+
+<p class="unprintable">Updated:
+<!-- timestamp start -->
+$Date: 2019/10/02 15:59:11 $
+<!-- timestamp end -->
+</p>
+</div>
+</div>
+</body>
+</html>
+</pre></body></html>
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