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From: |
GNUN |
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Subject: |
www education/education.es.html education/educa... |
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Date: |
Tue, 9 Jul 2019 02:58:44 -0400 (EDT) |
CVSROOT: /web/www
Module name: www
Changes by: GNUN <gnun> 19/07/09 02:58:44
Modified files:
education : education.es.html education.fr.html
education.it.html education.nl.html
education.pt-br.html
education/po : education.hr-diff.html
philosophy/po : why-call-it-the-swindle.translist
why-call-it-the-swindle.zh-tw.po
Added files:
philosophy : why-call-it-the-swindle.zh-tw.html
philosophy/po : why-call-it-the-swindle.zh-tw-en.html
Log message:
Automatic update by GNUnited Nations.
CVSWeb URLs:
http://web.cvs.savannah.gnu.org/viewcvs/www/education/education.es.html?cvsroot=www&r1=1.69&r2=1.70
http://web.cvs.savannah.gnu.org/viewcvs/www/education/education.fr.html?cvsroot=www&r1=1.89&r2=1.90
http://web.cvs.savannah.gnu.org/viewcvs/www/education/education.it.html?cvsroot=www&r1=1.46&r2=1.47
http://web.cvs.savannah.gnu.org/viewcvs/www/education/education.nl.html?cvsroot=www&r1=1.8&r2=1.9
http://web.cvs.savannah.gnu.org/viewcvs/www/education/education.pt-br.html?cvsroot=www&r1=1.45&r2=1.46
http://web.cvs.savannah.gnu.org/viewcvs/www/education/po/education.hr-diff.html?cvsroot=www&r1=1.7&r2=1.8
http://web.cvs.savannah.gnu.org/viewcvs/www/philosophy/why-call-it-the-swindle.zh-tw.html?cvsroot=www&rev=1.1
http://web.cvs.savannah.gnu.org/viewcvs/www/philosophy/po/why-call-it-the-swindle.translist?cvsroot=www&r1=1.5&r2=1.6
http://web.cvs.savannah.gnu.org/viewcvs/www/philosophy/po/why-call-it-the-swindle.zh-tw.po?cvsroot=www&r1=1.1&r2=1.2
http://web.cvs.savannah.gnu.org/viewcvs/www/philosophy/po/why-call-it-the-swindle.zh-tw-en.html?cvsroot=www&rev=1.1
Patches:
Index: education/education.es.html
===================================================================
RCS file: /web/www/www/education/education.es.html,v
retrieving revision 1.69
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diff -u -b -r1.69 -r1.70
--- education/education.es.html 18 Nov 2016 07:32:16 -0000 1.69
+++ education/education.es.html 9 Jul 2019 06:58:41 -0000 1.70
@@ -199,7 +199,7 @@
<p class="unprintable"><!-- timestamp start -->
Ãltima actualización:
-$Date: 2016/11/18 07:32:16 $
+$Date: 2019/07/09 06:58:41 $
<!-- timestamp end -->
</p>
Index: education/education.fr.html
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RCS file: /web/www/www/education/education.fr.html,v
retrieving revision 1.89
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diff -u -b -r1.89 -r1.90
--- education/education.fr.html 31 Mar 2019 12:23:48 -0000 1.89
+++ education/education.fr.html 9 Jul 2019 06:58:42 -0000 1.90
@@ -212,7 +212,7 @@
<p class="unprintable"><!-- timestamp start -->
Dernière mise à jour :
-$Date: 2019/03/31 12:23:48 $
+$Date: 2019/07/09 06:58:42 $
<!-- timestamp end -->
</p>
Index: education/education.it.html
===================================================================
RCS file: /web/www/www/education/education.it.html,v
retrieving revision 1.46
retrieving revision 1.47
diff -u -b -r1.46 -r1.47
--- education/education.it.html 21 Apr 2018 17:31:04 -0000 1.46
+++ education/education.it.html 9 Jul 2019 06:58:42 -0000 1.47
@@ -204,7 +204,7 @@
<p class="unprintable"><!-- timestamp start -->
Ultimo aggiornamento:
-$Date: 2018/04/21 17:31:04 $
+$Date: 2019/07/09 06:58:42 $
<!-- timestamp end -->
</p>
Index: education/education.nl.html
===================================================================
RCS file: /web/www/www/education/education.nl.html,v
retrieving revision 1.8
retrieving revision 1.9
diff -u -b -r1.8 -r1.9
--- education/education.nl.html 8 Jun 2017 20:28:19 -0000 1.8
+++ education/education.nl.html 9 Jul 2019 06:58:42 -0000 1.9
@@ -198,7 +198,7 @@
<p class="unprintable"><!-- timestamp start -->
Bijgewerkt:
-$Date: 2017/06/08 20:28:19 $
+$Date: 2019/07/09 06:58:42 $
<!-- timestamp end -->
</p>
Index: education/education.pt-br.html
===================================================================
RCS file: /web/www/www/education/education.pt-br.html,v
retrieving revision 1.45
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diff -u -b -r1.45 -r1.46
--- education/education.pt-br.html 29 Apr 2019 20:38:57 -0000 1.45
+++ education/education.pt-br.html 9 Jul 2019 06:58:42 -0000 1.46
@@ -207,7 +207,7 @@
<p class="unprintable"><!-- timestamp start -->
Ãltima atualização:
-$Date: 2019/04/29 20:38:57 $
+$Date: 2019/07/09 06:58:42 $
<!-- timestamp end -->
</p>
Index: education/po/education.hr-diff.html
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RCS file: /web/www/www/education/po/education.hr-diff.html,v
retrieving revision 1.7
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diff -u -b -r1.7 -r1.8
--- education/po/education.hr-diff.html 14 Apr 2017 15:01:09 -0000 1.7
+++ education/po/education.hr-diff.html 9 Jul 2019 06:58:43 -0000 1.8
@@ -267,7 +267,7 @@
<span class="inserted"><ins><em><p</em></ins></span>
class="unprintable">Updated:
<!-- timestamp start -->
-$Date: 2017/04/14 15:01:09 $
+$Date: 2019/07/09 06:58:43 $
<!-- timestamp end -->
</p>
</div>
Index: philosophy/po/why-call-it-the-swindle.translist
===================================================================
RCS file: /web/www/www/philosophy/po/why-call-it-the-swindle.translist,v
retrieving revision 1.5
retrieving revision 1.6
diff -u -b -r1.5 -r1.6
--- philosophy/po/why-call-it-the-swindle.translist 28 Apr 2019 15:00:35
-0000 1.5
+++ philosophy/po/why-call-it-the-swindle.translist 9 Jul 2019 06:58:44
-0000 1.6
@@ -6,6 +6,7 @@
<span dir="ltr"><a lang="fr" hreflang="fr"
href="/philosophy/why-call-it-the-swindle.fr.html">français</a> [fr]</span>
<span dir="ltr"><a lang="pt-br" hreflang="pt-br"
href="/philosophy/why-call-it-the-swindle.pt-br.html">português do Brasil</a> [pt-br]</span>
<span dir="ltr"><a lang="ru" hreflang="ru"
href="/philosophy/why-call-it-the-swindle.ru.html">ÑÑÑÑкий</a> [ru]</span>
+<span dir="ltr"><a lang="zh-tw" hreflang="zh-tw"
href="/philosophy/why-call-it-the-swindle.zh-tw.html">ç¹é«ä¸æ</a> [zh-tw]</span>
</p>
</div>' -->
<link rel="alternate" type="text/html"
href="/philosophy/why-call-it-the-swindle.html" hreflang="x-default" />
@@ -13,4 +14,5 @@
<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" lang="fr" hreflang="fr"
href="/philosophy/why-call-it-the-swindle.fr.html" title="français" />
<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" lang="pt-br" hreflang="pt-br"
href="/philosophy/why-call-it-the-swindle.pt-br.html" title="português do
Brasil" />
<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" lang="ru" hreflang="ru"
href="/philosophy/why-call-it-the-swindle.ru.html" title="ÑÑÑÑкий" />
+<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" lang="zh-tw" hreflang="zh-tw"
href="/philosophy/why-call-it-the-swindle.zh-tw.html" title="ç¹é«ä¸æ" />
<!-- end translist file -->
Index: philosophy/po/why-call-it-the-swindle.zh-tw.po
===================================================================
RCS file: /web/www/www/philosophy/po/why-call-it-the-swindle.zh-tw.po,v
retrieving revision 1.1
retrieving revision 1.2
diff -u -b -r1.1 -r1.2
Index: philosophy/why-call-it-the-swindle.zh-tw.html
===================================================================
RCS file: philosophy/why-call-it-the-swindle.zh-tw.html
diff -N philosophy/why-call-it-the-swindle.zh-tw.html
--- /dev/null 1 Jan 1970 00:00:00 -0000
+++ philosophy/why-call-it-the-swindle.zh-tw.html 9 Jul 2019 06:58:43
-0000 1.1
@@ -0,0 +1,137 @@
+<!--#set var="ENGLISH_PAGE"
value="/philosophy/why-call-it-the-swindle.en.html" -->
+
+<!--#include virtual="/server/header.zh-tw.html" -->
+<!-- Parent-Version: 1.86 -->
+
+<!-- This file is automatically generated by GNUnited Nations! -->
+<title>çºä»éº¼å«å® Swindle - GNU å°æ¡ - èªç±è»é«åºéæ</title>
+
+<!--#include virtual="/philosophy/po/why-call-it-the-swindle.translist" -->
+<!--#include virtual="/server/banner.zh-tw.html" -->
+<h2>çºä»éº¼å«å® Swindleï¼</h2>
+
+<p>ä½è
çº <a href="http://www.stallman.org/";><strong>Richard
Stallman</strong></a></p>
+
+<p>æä¸é¡§ä¸åå°ç¨å¸¶ææ¹å¤æå³çååä¾ç¨±å¼è¨åçæ±è¥¿ãèæé£äºè¦ä½¿ç¨è
çºå¥´é¸çé»è
¦ï¼æ稱ä¹çºãiThingsãï¼èå°äºé¦¬éæ¿«ç¨å
¶æ¬åçé»åæ¸é±è®å¨å稱ä¹çºãSwindleããæææå°å¾®è»çä½æ¥ç³»çµ±ç¨±çºãLosedowsãï¼æå°å¾®è»ç第ä¸åä½æ¥ç³»çµ±ç¨±çºãMS-Dogãã[<a
+href="#f1">1</a>]ç¶ç¶ï¼æé麼åçåå æ¯å¨ç¼æ´©æçæ
ç·ä¸¦äº«åæ¨è¶£ãä½é種æ¨è¶£ä¸å
æ¯å人æ¨è¶£ï¼å®å¯æ¯æåéè¦ç®çãå²ç¬æåçæµäººï¼å¯ä»¥çºæåçç®æ¨å¸æ¶å¹½é»çæ°åéã</p>
+
+<p>ææ²å¥äººçååæ¯ä¸ç¦®è²çè¡çºãå¦ææåå°ééäºç¢åç製é
åï¼æåå°±æ使ç¨ä»åé¸æçå稱â¦â¦ï¼èéå°±æ¯éé»äºãéäºæ害çç¢åä¸å¼å¾æåçå°éï¼åªå¾æèè¦ãæ¯åå°æç¨å¼é½æè®ä½¿ç¨è
å¤å°åå°æäºæ³äººçå½±é¿ï¼ä½ç¾å¨ææµè¡çè»é«æ´é²ä¸æ¥æ´å¤§å°ç£è¦ä½¿ç¨è
ï¼éå¶ä»åï¼çè³æå¼ä»åãéäºç¢åæ該被æ¶æ»
ãæ³å¾æ該ç¦æ¢é£äºæ¡ç¨
+DRM çç¢åã</p>
+
+<p>ç¶æåæå°éäºç¢åæï¼æåæ該表æè´è²¬çæ
度ï¼éæä»éº¼ä½æ³æ¯ææ²å®åçååæ´ç°¡å®çï¼å¦ææåä¸é樣åï¼æåå®åå¾å®¹æï¼å»è¡¨ç¾ä¸åºè´è²¬çæå³ãèä¾ä¾èªªï¼ç¶éäºç¢åå稱åºç¾å¨å
¶ä»è©±é¡å
§å®¹ä¸æï¼è±ä¸æ®µé·ç¯å¹
ä¾è§£éçºä»éº¼éäºç¢åä¸å¥½ï¼æ¯è¼åæ¯å¤é¤çé¡å¤è©±ã</p>
+
+<p>以åå
çå稱æåéäºç¢åå»åä¸çµ¦äºè´è²¬ï¼åªæè®è¶ä¾è¶å¤äººåæ³åéé¡ä½æ³ï¼éèå®å實éä¸è©²åå°çå°å¾
å®å
¨ç¸åã</p>
+
+<p>å
¬å¸çºç¢åååæ¯è¡é·è¨ç«çä¸é¨ä»½ãé¸æä»åèªçºäººåæ¯è¼å®¹æè¨ä½ä¸è¤èª¦çå稱ï¼ç¶å¾æå
¥æ¸ç¾è¬ç¾å
ç¨æ¼è¡é·æ´»åï¼è®äººåè¦èª¦ä¸¦æèéäºååãé常éäºè¡é·æ´»åï¼æ¨å¨èªªæ人åæ
¹æå®å表é¢ä¸çå¸å¼å欣è³ç¢åï¼ä¸¦å¿½ç¥å®ååºä¸æé
æçå·å®³ã</p>
+
+<p>æ¯ç¶æåä¸èµ·ä½¿ç¨å
¬å¸åçå稱ä¾ç¨±å¼éäºç¢åæï¼å¯¦éä¸æåé½æ¯å¨åèä»åçè¡é·æ´»åãè¤èª¦éäºå稱æ¯å°ç¢åç主åæ¯æï¼èææ²éäºå稱åæ¯æçµéäºç¢åã</p>
+
+<p>é¤äºç¢åå稱以å¤ï¼éæå
¶ä»è¡èªå¯è½ç¢çé¡ä¼¼çåé¡ãèä¾ä¾èªªï¼DRM
+æçæ¯ä»¥æè¡ç¢åéå¶å
¶ä½¿ç¨è
以è®å
¶ä»äººåçãé種ä¸å¯åè«çä½æ³æ該被ææ¨ï¼ç´å°æåæ¶é¤å®çºæ¢ãç¶ç¶ï¼ä½¿ç¨éé
æè¡ç人以ä»åçè§é»çºå®åäºä¸åååï¼ãæ¸ä½èä½æ¬ç®¡çããåéåå稱ç´ç²¹æ¯çºäºå
Œ
±éä¿ï¼æ¨å¨è´å¾æ¿åºè
+W3C çæ³äººçæ¯æã[<a href="#f2">2</a>]</p>
+
+<p>使ç¨ä»åç¼æçè¡èªå°±æ¯ç«å¨é£ä¸æ¹ãçºä»éº¼è¦è®æ¨æä¸æ¯æçé£ä¸æ¹ï¼å¾å°æ¨é±å«æ§çæ¯æå¢ï¼</p>
+
+<p>æåå¾ä½¿ç¨è
çè§åº¦åºç¼ï¼å¾ä½¿ç¨è
çè§åº¦ä¾çï¼éäºæ¡æåè½æ管ççï¼ä¸æ¯å®è·æ¬å©èæ¯æ½å
éå¶ãæ以æåæå®ç¨±ä¹çºãæ¸ä½éå¶ç®¡çãã</p>
+
+<p>éäºè¡èªæ¬èº«é½ä¸æ¯ä¸æ§çï¼é¸æäºè¡èªï¼æ¨å°±é¸æäºè¦ç«å¨åªä¸éãè«ç«å¨ä½¿ç¨è
éä¸æ¹ï¼ä¸¦å±ç¾åºä¾ä½ çç«å ´ã</p>
+
+<p>æä¸æ¬¡å¨æçæ¼è¬ä¸ï¼å
¶ä¸ä¸åè§ç¾è¡¨ç¤ºï¼ãæ¸ä½èä½æ¬ç®¡ç (Digital Rights
+Management)ãææ¯ãDRMãçå®æ¹å稱ï¼èä¸æ¯å¯ä¸æ£ç¢ºçå稱ï¼å
çºéæ¯ææ©è¢«ä½¿ç¨çå稱ãä»èªçºæåå°å®ç¨±ä¹çºãæ¸ä½éå¶ç®¡ç
(Digital
+Restrictions Management)ãæ¯é¯çã</p>
+
+<p>製ä½ç¢åæé²è¡åæ¥æ´»åç人ï¼é常æå¨æåè½èªªéåç¢åä¹åå°±çºå®å½åãå¦æå
çºä»åæ«æé å
ï¼èè¦æ±æå使ç¨ä»åæ³å¥½çå稱ï¼ä»åå°±æä½æé¡å¤åªå¢ï¼é主è¦å¥
åºæ¼ä»åè±çéé¢ãä»åçåªé«å½±é¿åï¼éæä»åçæè¡å°ä½çãæåå°ä¸å¾ä¸ç¨å·²è¢«ç®å¶çè¨è«ä¾åä»åæ°é¬¥ã</p>
+
+<p>æäºäººå°ææ²å稱æå°åæ¡ï¼èªçºé樣åæé»ãå¹¼ç¨ãæãä¸å°æ¥ããä»åçææ說ï¼é樣è½èµ·ä¾ä¸è¬èææ¯ç¬¨æï¼éæ¯ä¸ä»¶å¥½äºï¼å
çºå¦ææåè®äººè©¦èè½èµ·ä¾ãå°æ¥ãï¼é£å°±ä¸ææç¬è²äºãå°æå£è¿«æ¯èµ·å°æ¥å·¥ä½èè¨ï¼æ¯æ´å
å´è
çäºæ
ï¼æ以æåå¿
é å å
¥ä¸äºç¬æãæè¬åçä¹ç¢ä¸çèï¼å°æå£è¿«éè¦çæ£çæçï¼å
¶ä¸å
å«ä¸äºå©åæ°£ï¼èä¸æ¯ãè¦å大人ä¸æ¨£ãã</p>
+
+<p>å¦ææ¨ä¸åæ¡æååçè«·åºæ§å稱ï¼ä½
éå¯ä»¥èªå·±ç¼æä¸åãæå¤æ好ãç¶ç¶ï¼éæ¯æå
¶ä»æ¹å¼ä¾è¡¨éè´è²¬ãå¦æä½ æ³è¦è½èµ·ä¾æ¯è¼ãå°æ¥ãï¼ä½
å¯ä»¥ç¨å
¶ä»çæ¹å¼è¡¨éï¼ä½å
¶ä»äººå°±å¿
é
è±æ´å¤çæéèç²¾åç解ãä¸è¦å çºé樣è®ä½
è®å¾ååï¼ä¸è¦å çºé種ãé¢é¡ãçå£åï¼è¿«ä½¿ä½
å°æå°çè¨åäºç©é²è¡ä¸å
份çæ¹è©ï¼å
çºéæè®å®åè¶ä¾è¶åæ³åã</p>
+
+<h3>註è
³</h3>
+
+<ol>
+<li id="f1">起身å°æéäºç¢åï¼<a
href="https://u.fsf.org/ithings";>u.fsf.org/ithings</a>, <a
+href="https://u.fsf.org/swindle";>u.fsf.org/swindle</a>, <a
+href="https://u.fsf.org/ebookslist";>u.fsf.org/ebookslist</a>, <a
+href="https://upgradefromwindows.org";>upgradefromwindows.org</a>
+</li>
+<li id="f2"><a href="https://u.fsf.org/drm";>u.fsf.org/drm</a></li>
+</ol>
+
+<div class="translators-notes">
+
+<!--TRANSLATORS: Use space (SPC) as msgstr if you don't have notes.-->
+ </div>
+</div>
+
+<!-- for id="content", starts in the include above -->
+<!--#include virtual="/server/footer.zh-tw.html" -->
+<div id="footer">
+<div class="unprintable">
+
+<p>è«ä¾ä¿¡å° <a href="mailto:address@hidden";><address@hidden></a>
è©¢åæéèªç±è»é«åºéæï¼FSFï¼å
+GNU çä¸è¬åé¡ï¼æè
<a href="/contact/">以å
¶ä»æ¹å¼</a>è¯çµ¡èªç±è»é«åºéæãè³æ¼ææ¯çé£çµåå
¶ä»ä¿®æ£å建è°ï¼å¯ä»¥å°ä¹å¯çµ¦ <a
+href="mailto:address@hidden";><address@hidden></a>ã</p>
+
+<p>
+<!-- TRANSLATORS: Ignore the original text in this paragraph,
+ replace it with the translation of these two:
+
+ We work hard and do our best to provide accurate, good quality
+ translations. However, we are not exempt from imperfection.
+ Please send your comments and general suggestions in this regard
+ to <a href="mailto:address@hidden";>
+
+ <address@hidden></a>.</p>
+
+ <p>For information on coordinating and submitting translations of
+ our web pages, see <a
+ href="/server/standards/README.translations.html">Translations
+ README</a>. -->
+æååªåç¡æè½æä¾è²¼åãå質è¯åçç¿»è¯ãç¶èï¼æåç¡æ³åå
¨åç¾ï¼éè«å°ä½ çæè¦è©è¿°èä¸è¬å»ºè°å¯çµ¦ <a
+href="mailto:address@hidden";><address@hidden></a>ã</p><p>è«åç
§
+<a href="/server/standards/README.translations.html">ç¿»è¯è®æ README</a>
+ä¾ç解å調åæ交æåç網é ç¿»è¯ç¸éäºå®ã</p>
+</div>
+
+<!-- Regarding copyright, in general, standalone pages (as opposed to
+ files generated as part of manuals) on the GNU web server should
+ be under CC BY-ND 4.0. Please do NOT change or remove this
+ without talking with the webmasters or licensing team first.
+ Please make sure the copyright date is consistent with the
+ document. For web pages, it is ok to list just the latest year the
+ document was modified, or published.
+
+ If you wish to list earlier years, that is ok too.
+ Either "2001, 2002, 2003" or "2001-2003" are ok for specifying
+ years, as long as each year in the range is in fact a copyrightable
+ year, i.e., a year in which the document was published (including
+ being publicly visible on the web or in a revision control system).
+
+ There is more detail about copyright years in the GNU Maintainers
+ Information document, www.gnu.org/prep/maintain. -->
+<p>Copyright © 2013, 2018 Richard Stallman</p>
+
+<p>æ¬é é¢æ¡ç¨<a rel="license"
+href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nd/4.0/deed.zh_TW";>åµç¨ CC
+å§åæ¨ç¤º-ç¦æ¢æ¹ä½ 4.0 åé</a>æ¢æ¬¾çµ¦äºææ¬ã</p>
+
+<!--#include virtual="/server/bottom-notes.zh-tw.html" -->
+<div class="translators-credits">
+
+<!--TRANSLATORS: Use space (SPC) as msgstr if you don't want credits.-->
+<b>ç¿»è¯</b>ï¼é»æ諺 <a href="mailto:s8321414 (at) gmail (dot)
com"><s8321414
+(at) gmail (dot) com></a>, 2019.<br />
+<b>æ ¡å°</b>ï¼æ´ªæè²´, æ¾æ¿å, 2019.</div>
+
+<p class="unprintable"><!-- timestamp start -->
+æ´æ°æé︰
+
+$Date: 2019/07/09 06:58:43 $
+
+<!-- timestamp end -->
+</p>
+</div>
+</div>
+<!-- for class="inner", starts in the banner include -->
+</body>
+</html>
Index: philosophy/po/why-call-it-the-swindle.zh-tw-en.html
===================================================================
RCS file: philosophy/po/why-call-it-the-swindle.zh-tw-en.html
diff -N philosophy/po/why-call-it-the-swindle.zh-tw-en.html
--- /dev/null 1 Jan 1970 00:00:00 -0000
+++ philosophy/po/why-call-it-the-swindle.zh-tw-en.html 9 Jul 2019 06:58:44
-0000 1.1
@@ -0,0 +1,182 @@
+<!--#include virtual="/server/header.html" -->
+<!-- Parent-Version: 1.86 -->
+<title>Why call it the Swindle
+- GNU Project - Free Software Foundation</title>
+ <!--#include virtual="/philosophy/po/why-call-it-the-swindle.translist" -->
+<!--#include virtual="/server/banner.html" -->
+
+<h2>Why Call It The Swindle?</h2>
+
+<p>by <a href="http://www.stallman.org/";><strong>Richard
+Stallman</strong></a></p>
+
+<p>I go out of my way to call nasty things by names that criticize
+them. I call Apple's user-subjugating computers the
+“iThings,” and Amazon's abusive e-reader the
+“Swindle.” Sometimes I refer to Microsoft's operating
+system as “Losedows”; I referred to Microsoft's first
+operating system as “MS-Dog.”[<a href="#f1">1</a>] Of
+course, I do this to vent my feelings and have fun. But this fun is
+more than personal; it serves an important purpose. Mocking our
+enemies recruits the power of humor into our cause.</p>
+
+<p>Twisting a name is disrespectful. If we respected the makers of
+these products, we would use the names that they chose … and that's
+exactly the point. These noxious products deserve our contempt, not
+our respect. Every proprietary program subjects its users to some
+entity's power, but nowadays most widely used ones go beyond that to spy on
+users, restrict them and even push them around: the trend is for
+products to get nastier. These products deserve to be wiped out. Those
+with DRM ought to be illegal.</p>
+
+<p>When we mention them, we should show that we condemn them, and what
+easier way than by twisting their names? If we don't do that, it is
+all too easy to mention them and fail to present the condemnation.
+When the product comes up in the middle of some other topic, for
+instance, explaining at greater length that the product is bad might
+seem like a long digression.</p>
+
+<p>To mention these products by name and fail to condemn them has the
+effect of legitimizing them, which is the opposite of what they call
+for.</p>
+
+<p>Companies choose names for products as part of a marketing plan.
+They choose names they think people will be likely to repeat, then
+invest millions of dollars in marketing campaigns to make people
+repeat and think about those names. Usually these marketing
+campaigns are intended to convince people to admire the products based
+on their superficial attractions and overlook the harm they do.</p>
+
+<p>Every time we call these products by the names the companies use,
+we contribute to their marketing campaigns. Repeating those names is
+active support for the products; twisting them denies the products our
+support.</p>
+
+<p>Other terminology besides product names can raise a similar issue.
+For instance, DRM refers to building technology products to restrict
+their users for the benefit of someone else. This inexcusable practice
+deserves our burning hatred until we wipe it out. Naturally, those
+responsible gave it a name that frames the issue from their point of
+view: “Digital Rights Management.” This name is the basis
+of a public relations campaign that aims to win support from entities
+ranging from governments to the W3C.[<a href="#f2">2</a>]</p>
+
+<p>To use their term is to take their side. If that's not the side
+you're on, why give it your implicit support?</p>
+
+<p>We take the users' side, and from the users' point of view, what
+these malfeatures manage are not rights but restrictions. So we call
+them “Digital Restrictions Management.”</p>
+
+<p>Neither of those terms is neutral: choose a term, and you choose a
+side. Please choose the users' side and please let it show.</p>
+
+<p>Once, a man in the audience at my speech claimed that the name
+“Digital Rights Management” was the official name of
+“DRM,” the only
+possible correct name, because it was the first name. He argued that
+as a consequence it was wrong for us to say “Digital Restrictions
+Management.”</p>
+
+<p>Those who make a product or carry out a business practice typically
+choose a name for it before we even know it exists. If their temporal
+precedence obligated us to use their name, they would have an
+additional automatic advantage, on top of their money, their media
+influence and their technological position. We would have to fight
+them with our mouths tied behind our backs.</p>
+
+<p>Some people feel a distaste for twisting names and say it sounds
+“juvenile” or “unprofessional.” What they mean
+is, it doesn't sound humorless and stodgy—and that's a good
+thing, because we would not have laughter on our side if we tried to
+sound “professional.” Fighting oppression is far more
+serious than professional work, so we've got to add comic relief. It
+calls for real maturity, which includes some childishness, not
+“acting like an adult.”</p>
+
+<p>If you don't like our choice of name parodies, you can invent your
+own. The more, the merrier. Of course, there are other ways to express
+condemnation. If you want to sound “professional,” you can
+show it in other ways. They can get the point across, but they
+require more time and effort, especially if you don't make use of
+mockery. Take care this does not lead you to skimp; don't let the
+pressure against such “digression” push you into
+insufficiently criticizing the nasty things you mention, because that
+would have the effect of legitimizing them.</p>
+
+<h3>Footnotes</h3>
+
+<ol>
+<li id="f1">Take action against these products:
+<a href="https://u.fsf.org/ithings";>u.fsf.org/ithings</a>,
+<a href="https://u.fsf.org/swindle";>u.fsf.org/swindle</a>,
+<a href="https://u.fsf.org/ebookslist";>u.fsf.org/ebookslist</a>,
+<a href="https://upgradefromwindows.org";>upgradefromwindows.org</a>
+</li>
+<li id="f2"><a href="https://u.fsf.org/drm";>u.fsf.org/drm</a></li>
+</ol>
+
+</div><!-- for id="content", starts in the include above -->
+<!--#include virtual="/server/footer.html" -->
+<div id="footer">
+<div class="unprintable">
+
+<p>Please send general FSF & GNU inquiries to
+<a href="mailto:address@hidden";><address@hidden></a>.
+There are also <a href="/contact/">other ways to contact</a>
+the FSF. Broken links and other corrections or suggestions can be sent
+to <a href="mailto:address@hidden";><address@hidden></a>.</p>
+
+<p><!-- TRANSLATORS: Ignore the original text in this paragraph,
+ replace it with the translation of these two:
+
+ We work hard and do our best to provide accurate, good quality
+ translations. However, we are not exempt from imperfection.
+ Please send your comments and general suggestions in this regard
+ to <a href="mailto:address@hidden";>
+ <address@hidden></a>.</p>
+
+ <p>For information on coordinating and submitting translations of
+ our web pages, see <a
+ href="/server/standards/README.translations.html">Translations
+ README</a>. -->
+Please see the <a
+href="/server/standards/README.translations.html">Translations
+README</a> for information on coordinating and submitting translations
+of this article.</p>
+</div>
+
+<!-- Regarding copyright, in general, standalone pages (as opposed to
+ files generated as part of manuals) on the GNU web server should
+ be under CC BY-ND 4.0. Please do NOT change or remove this
+ without talking with the webmasters or licensing team first.
+ Please make sure the copyright date is consistent with the
+ document. For web pages, it is ok to list just the latest year the
+ document was modified, or published.
+
+ If you wish to list earlier years, that is ok too.
+ Either "2001, 2002, 2003" or "2001-2003" are ok for specifying
+ years, as long as each year in the range is in fact a copyrightable
+ year, i.e., a year in which the document was published (including
+ being publicly visible on the web or in a revision control system).
+
+ There is more detail about copyright years in the GNU Maintainers
+ Information document, www.gnu.org/prep/maintain. -->
+
+<p>Copyright © 2013, 2018 Richard Stallman</p>
+
+<p>This page is licensed under a <a rel="license"
+href="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nd/4.0/";>Creative
+Commons Attribution-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License</a>.</p>
+
+<!--#include virtual="/server/bottom-notes.html" -->
+
+<p class="unprintable">Updated:
+<!-- timestamp start -->
+$Date: 2019/07/09 06:58:44 $
+<!-- timestamp end -->
+</p>
+</div>
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+</body>
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