www/licenses po/bsd.translist bsd.zh-cn.html po...

[GNUN]

CVSROOT:        /web/www
Module name:    www
Changes by:     GNUN <gnun>     18/11/03 04:29:20

Modified files:
        licenses/po    : bsd.translist 
Added files:
        licenses       : bsd.zh-cn.html 
        licenses/po    : bsd.zh-cn-en.html 

Log message:
        Automatic update by GNUnited Nations.

CVSWeb URLs:
http://web.cvs.savannah.gnu.org/viewcvs/www/licenses/bsd.zh-cn.html?cvsroot=www&rev=1.1
http://web.cvs.savannah.gnu.org/viewcvs/www/licenses/po/bsd.translist?cvsroot=www&r1=1.2&r2=1.3
http://web.cvs.savannah.gnu.org/viewcvs/www/licenses/po/bsd.zh-cn-en.html?cvsroot=www&rev=1.1

Patches:
Index: po/bsd.translist
===================================================================
RCS file: /web/www/www/licenses/po/bsd.translist,v
retrieving revision 1.2
retrieving revision 1.3
diff -u -b -r1.2 -r1.3
--- po/bsd.translist    2 Jan 2016 08:30:37 -0000       1.2
+++ po/bsd.translist    3 Nov 2018 08:29:20 -0000       1.3
@@ -15,6 +15,7 @@
 <span dir="ltr"><a lang="pt-br" hreflang="pt-br" 
href="/licenses/bsd.pt-br.html">português&nbsp;do&nbsp;Brasil</a>&nbsp;[pt-br]</span>
 &nbsp;
 <span dir="ltr"><a lang="ru" hreflang="ru" 
href="/licenses/bsd.ru.html">русский</a>&nbsp;[ru]</span> &nbsp;
 <span dir="ltr"><a lang="uk" hreflang="uk" 
href="/licenses/bsd.uk.html">українська</a>&nbsp;[uk]</span> &nbsp;
+<span dir="ltr"><a lang="zh-cn" hreflang="zh-cn" 
href="/licenses/bsd.zh-cn.html">简体中文</a>&nbsp;[zh-cn]</span> &nbsp;
 </p>
 </div>' -->
 <link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="/licenses/bsd.html" 
hreflang="x-default" />
@@ -31,4 +32,5 @@
 <link rel="alternate" type="text/html" lang="pt-br" hreflang="pt-br" 
href="/licenses/bsd.pt-br.html" title="português do Brasil" />
 <link rel="alternate" type="text/html" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" 
href="/licenses/bsd.ru.html" title="русский" />
 <link rel="alternate" type="text/html" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" 
href="/licenses/bsd.uk.html" title="українська" />
+<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" lang="zh-cn" hreflang="zh-cn" 
href="/licenses/bsd.zh-cn.html" title="简体中文" />
 <!-- end translist file -->

Index: bsd.zh-cn.html
===================================================================
RCS file: bsd.zh-cn.html
diff -N bsd.zh-cn.html
--- /dev/null   1 Jan 1970 00:00:00 -0000
+++ bsd.zh-cn.html      3 Nov 2018 08:29:19 -0000       1.1
@@ -0,0 +1,151 @@
+<!--#set var="ENGLISH_PAGE" value="/licenses/bsd.en.html" -->
+
+<!--#include virtual="/server/header.zh-cn.html" -->
+<!-- Parent-Version: 1.77 -->
+
+<!-- This file is automatically generated by GNUnited Nations! -->
+<title>BSD许可证的问题 - GNU工程 - 自由软件基金会</title>
+
+<!--#include virtual="/licenses/po/bsd.translist" -->
+<!--#include virtual="/server/banner.zh-cn.html" -->
+<h2>BSD许可证的问题</h2>
+
+<blockquote><p>
+参看<a
+href="/licenses/license-recommendations.html">&ldquo;å¦‚ä½•ä¸ºä½ 
的作品选择许可证&rdquo;</a>来了解选择许可证的一般建议。</p>
+</blockquote>
+
+<p>
+    两个主要的自由软件许可证类别是<a 
href="/copyleft/copyleft.html">copyleft</a>和<a
+href="/philosophy/categories.html#Non-CopyleftedFreeSoftware">非-copyleft</a>。<a
+href="/licenses/license-list.html#GPLCompatibleLicenses">Copyleft许可证</a>，比如<a
+href="/licenses/gpl.html">GNU
+GPL</a>，坚持修改后的版本也必
须是自由软件。非-copyleft许可证则不坚持这一点。<a
+href="/philosophy/why-copyleft.html">我们推荐copyleft</a>ï¼Œå› 
为它保护所有用户的自由，但是非-copylefted的软件也可以是自由软件，而且也是对自由软件社区有用处的。
+</p>
+
+<p>有很多关于简单<a
+href="/licenses/license-list.html#GPLCompatibleLicenses">非-copyleft自由软件许可证</a>的变形，比如Expat许可证、FreeBSD许可证、X10许可证、X11许可证和两种BSD（Berkeley
+Software
+Distribution）许可证。它们中的大多数除了措辞之外都是等价的，但是1991年之前的BSD许可证有一个特别的问题：&ldquo;令人反感的BSD广告条款&rdquo;。它的要求是每个提到该软件的广告都å¿
…须包含一个特定的语句：</p>
+
+<pre>
+3. 所有提及该软件功能或者使用该软件的广告材料必
须展示以下致谢：
+     æœ¬äº§å“åŒ…å«ç”±åŠ å·žå¤§å­¦ä¼¯å…‹åˆ©åˆ†æ ¡åŠå…¶è´¡çŒ®è€…
开发的软件。
+</pre>
+
+<p>
+    最初，令人反感的BSD广告条款只是在伯å…
‹åˆ©è½¯ä»¶å‘è¡Œç‰ˆä¸­ä½¿ç”¨ã€‚å› 为在广告中包
含一句话并不是十分困难，所以此条款并没有引起特别的问题。
+</p>
+<p>
+    如果其他使用BSD类许可证的开发者
逐字拷贝了BSD广告条款&mdash;åŒ…å«äº†æŒ‡å‘åŠ 
州大学的句子&mdash;，那么他们也没有使问题变大。
+</p>
+<p>
+    ä½†æ˜¯ï¼Œå¯èƒ½æ­£å¦‚ä½ æ‰€é¢„è§ï¼Œæœ‰äº›å¼€å‘è€…
不是逐字拷贝该条款。他们做了改动，把&ldquo;åŠ 
州大学&rdquo;换成了他们自己机构的名称。结果就是有了太多的许可证，需要使用太多的句子。
+</p>
+<p>
+    当人们把许多这æ 
·çš„程序都放到操作系统中时，问题就严重了。想象一下，如果一个软件系统需要75个不同的句子，每个都要指明不同的作è€
…ã€‚è¦åšè¿™ä¸ªå¹¿å‘Šï¼Œä½ 大概会需要一整页广告版。
+</p>
+<p>
+    
这看起来是一个荒谬的推论，但是它实实在在地发生了。在1997版的NetBSD中，我数到了75个这æ
 ·çš„句子。（幸运的是，NetBSDå†³å®šä¸å†æ·»åŠ 
这些句子，而且能去掉就去掉。）
+</p>
+<p>
+    
为了对付这个问题，我在&ldquo;业余时间&rdquo;和使用了BSD类许可证的开发è€
…äº¤è°ˆï¼Œè¯¢é—®ä»–ä»¬æ˜¯å¦æ„¿æ„åˆ 
除这个广告条款。大概在1996年，我和FreeBSD的开发者
è®¨è®ºäº†è¿™ä¸ªé—®é¢˜ï¼Œå¹¶ä¸”ä»–ä»¬å†³å®šä»Žæ‰€æœ‰ä»£ç ä¸­åˆ 
除该广告条款。在犹他大学，Flick的开发者在1998å¹´5æœˆåˆ 
除了该条款。
+</p>
+<p>
+    åŠ å·žå¤§å­¦æ ¡é•¿Hal 
Varian开启了此条款，并在行政上引领此条款。在1999å¹´6月，经过2年的讨论，åŠ
 州大学从BSDè®¸å¯è¯ä¸­åˆ é™¤äº†è¯¥æ¡æ¬¾ã€‚
+</p>
+<p>
+    å› 
此，现在的新BSD许可证没有这个广告条款。不幸的是，这并没有æ
 ¹é™¤å¹¿å‘Šæ¡æ¬¾çš„残余：在许多非BSD的软件包
许可证里还有类似的条款。BSD许可证的更改并不能影响å…
¶ä»–模仿老的BSD许可证的软件包；只有软件包的开发者
才能改变这个。
+</p>
+<p>
+    但是如果他们曾经是跟随伯克利之风，那么伯å…
‹åˆ©çš„政策改变也许会是说服他们改变的理由。这值得一问。
+</p>
+<p>
+    å¦‚æžœä½ å–œæ¬¢çš„è½¯ä»¶åŒ…
还在使用带广告条款的BSDè®¸å¯è¯æ—¶ï¼Œè¯·ä½ è®©è¯¥è½¯ä»¶åŒ…
的维护人员看看这个网页，并请他们考虑做出改变。
+</p>
+<p>
+    å¦‚æžœä½ è¦ä½¿ç”¨éž-copyleftçš„è®¸å¯è¯å‘å¸ƒä½ 
çš„è‡ªç”±è½¯ä»¶ï¼Œè¯·ä¸è¦ä½¿ç”¨å¹¿å‘Šæ¡æ¬¾ã€‚å› 
此，不要复制已有软件包
里的BSD许可证&mdash;那可能还是老版本的许可证&mdash;请使用å…
¶ä»–两个宽容性许可证之一，比如Expat或FreeBSD。
+</p>
+<p>
+    ä½ 
还可以帮助提高大家对这个问题的认知度，通过不使用&ldquo;BSDç±»&rdquo;这æ
 ·çš„词汇，包括不说&ldquo;BSD许可证&rdquo;è¿™ä¸ªè¯ï¼Œå› 
为这意味着只有一个BSDè®¸å¯è¯ã€‚ä½ 
要明白，当人们说到诸如&ldquo;BSD类许可证&rdquo;等非-copyleft的自由软件许可证时，一些新来的、想使用非-copyleft许可证自由软件开发è€
…可能会自然地认为BSD是获取这æ 
·çš„许可证的地方。她或许就会复制带有广告条款的许可证，不是æ•
…意，只是碰巧。
+</p>
+<p>
+    å¦‚æžœä½ æƒ³å¼•ç”¨ä¸€ä¸ªå…·ä½“çš„éž-copyleftè®¸å¯è¯ï¼Œè€Œä½ 
也没有特别的倾向，请选择一个没有特殊问题的例子。比如，如果ä½
 举&ldquo;X11-类的许可证&rdquo;ä¸ºä¾‹ï¼Œé‚£ä¹ˆä½ 
就会鼓励人们复制这个来自X11的许可证，它没有广告条款，如果ä½
 随机说了BSD许可证中的一个，那么很可能就有风险。
+</p>
+<p>
+    ä½ ä¹Ÿå¯ä»¥ä¸¾<a
+href="/licenses/license-recommendations.html">我们推荐的非-copyleft许可证</a>为例：Apache
+2.0许可证，它带有一个不允许使用专利背信弃义的条款。
+</p>
+<p>
+    å½“ä½ æƒ³è¯´ä¸€ä¸ªå…
·ä½“çš„BSD许可证时，请一定要说明：&ldquo;原始的BSD许可证&rdquo;或è€
…&ldquo;修改版的BSD许可证&rdquo;。
+</p>
+
+<hr/>
+
+<p>
+    
后来，还出现了BSD许可证的第三个版本，它只带原始BSD许可证四个条款中的前两条。我们称之为&ldquo;FreeBSD许可证&rdquo;。它是一个宽松的、非copyleft的自由许可证，和GNU
+GPL兼容，非常像修改版的BSD许可证。
+</p>
+
+
+<div class="translators-notes">
+
+<!--TRANSLATORS: Use space (SPC) as msgstr if you don't have notes.-->
+ </div>
+</div>
+
+<!-- for id="content", starts in the include above -->
+<!--#include virtual="/server/footer.zh-cn.html" -->
+<div id="footer">
+<div class="unprintable">
+
+<p>请将有å…
³è‡ªç”±è½¯ä»¶åŸºé‡‘会（FSF）&amp;GNU的一般性问题发送到<a
+href="mailto:address@hidden";>&lt;address@hidden&gt;</a>。也可以通过<a
+href="/contact/">å…
¶ä»–联系方法</a>联系自由软件基金会(FSF)ã€‚è¯·å°†æ— æ•ˆé“¾æŽ¥ï¼Œå…
¶ä»–错误或建议发送给<a
+href="mailto:address@hidden";>&lt;address@hidden&gt;</a>。</p>
+
+<p>
+<!-- TRANSLATORS: Ignore the original text in this paragraph,
+        replace it with the translation of these two:
+
+        We work hard and do our best to provide accurate, good quality
+        translations.  However, we are not exempt from imperfection.
+        Please send your comments and general suggestions in this regard
+        to <a href="mailto:address@hidden";>
+
+        &lt;address@hidden&gt;</a>.</p>
+
+        <p>For information on coordinating and submitting translations of
+        our web pages, see <a
+        href="/server/standards/README.translations.html">Translations
+        README</a>. -->
+若您想翻译本文，请参看<a 
href="/server/standards/README.translations.html">翻译须知</a>。</p>
+</div>
+
+<p>Copyright &copy; 1998, 1999, 2001, 2003, 2007, 2013, 2014, 2015 Free
+Software Foundation, Inc.</p>
+
+<p>本页面使用<a rel="license"
+href="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nd/4.0/";>Creative Commons
+Attribution-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License</a>授权。</p>
+
+<!--#include virtual="/server/bottom-notes.zh-cn.html" -->
+<div class="translators-credits">
+
+<!--TRANSLATORS: Use space (SPC) as msgstr if you don't want credits.-->
+<b>翻译团队</b>：<a rel="team"
+href="https://savannah.gnu.org/projects/www-zh-cn/";>&lt;CTT&gt;</a>，2018。</div>
+
+<p class="unprintable"><!-- timestamp start -->
+最后更新：
+
+$Date: 2018/11/03 08:29:19 $
+
+<!-- timestamp end -->
+</p>
+</div>
+</div>
+</body>
+</html>

Index: po/bsd.zh-cn-en.html
===================================================================
RCS file: po/bsd.zh-cn-en.html
diff -N po/bsd.zh-cn-en.html
--- /dev/null   1 Jan 1970 00:00:00 -0000
+++ po/bsd.zh-cn-en.html        3 Nov 2018 08:29:20 -0000       1.1
@@ -0,0 +1,207 @@
+<!--#include virtual="/server/header.html" -->
+<!-- Parent-Version: 1.77 -->
+<title>BSD License Problem
+- GNU Project - Free Software Foundation</title>
+<!--#include virtual="/licenses/po/bsd.translist" -->
+<!--#include virtual="/server/banner.html" -->
+<h2>The BSD License Problem</h2>
+
+<blockquote><p>
+See <a href="/licenses/license-recommendations.html">&ldquo;How to
+choose a license for your own work&rdquo;</a> for general
+recommendations about choosing a license for your work.</p>
+</blockquote>
+
+<p>
+    The two major categories of free software license are <a
+        href="/copyleft/copyleft.html">copyleft</a> and <a
+        href="/philosophy/categories.html#Non-CopyleftedFreeSoftware">
+        non-copyleft</a>.  <a
+        href="/licenses/license-list.html#GPLCompatibleLicenses">Copyleft
+        licenses</a> such as the <a href="/licenses/gpl.html">GNU
+        GPL</a> insist that modified versions of the program must be
+    free software as well.  Non-copyleft licenses do not insist on this.
+    <a href="/philosophy/why-copyleft.html">We recommend copyleft</a>,
+    because it protects freedom for all users, but non-copylefted
+    software can still be free software, and useful to the free software
+    community.
+</p>
+
+<p>There are many variants of simple <a
+href="/licenses/license-list.html#GPLCompatibleLicenses">non-copyleft
+free software licenses</a>, such as the Expat license, FreeBSD license,
+X10 license, the X11 license, and the two BSD (Berkeley Software
+Distribution) licenses.  Most of them are equivalent except for details
+of wording, but the license used for BSD until 1999 had a special
+problem: the &ldquo;obnoxious BSD advertising clause&rdquo;. It said that every
+advertisement mentioning the software must include a particular
+sentence:</p>
+
+<pre>
+3. All advertising materials mentioning features or use of this software
+   must display the following acknowledgement:
+     This product includes software developed by the University of
+     California, Berkeley and its contributors.
+</pre>
+
+<p>
+    Initially the obnoxious BSD advertising clause was used only in the
+    Berkeley Software Distribution.  That did not cause any particular
+    problem, because including one sentence in an ad is not a great
+    practical difficulty.
+</p>
+<p>
+    If other developers who used BSD-like licenses had copied the BSD
+    advertising clause verbatim&mdash;including the sentence that refers to
+    the University of California&mdash;then they would not have made the
+    problem any bigger.
+</p>
+<p>
+    But, as you might expect, other developers did not copy the clause
+    verbatim.  They changed it, replacing &ldquo;University of 
California&rdquo;
+    with their own institution or their own names.  The result is a
+    plethora of licenses, requiring a plethora of different sentences.
+</p>
+<p>
+    When people put many such programs together in an operating system,
+    the result is a serious problem.  Imagine if a software system
+    required 75 different sentences, each one naming a different author
+    or group of authors.  To advertise that, you would need a full-page
+    ad.
+</p>
+<p>
+    This might seem like extrapolation ad absurdum, but it is actual
+    fact.  In a 1997
+    version of NetBSD, I counted 75 of these sentences.  (Fortunately
+    NetBSD has decided to stop adding them, and to remove those it could.)
+</p>
+<p>
+    To address this problem, in my &ldquo;spare time&rdquo; I talk with
+    developers who have used BSD-style licenses, asking them if they would
+    please remove the advertising clause.  Around 1996 I spoke with the
+    developers of FreeBSD about this, and they decided to remove the
+    advertising clause from all of their own code.  In May 1998 the developers
+    of Flick, at the University of Utah, removed this clause.
+</p>
+<p>
+    Dean Hal Varian at the University of California took up the cause,
+    and championed it with the administration.  In June 1999, after two
+    years of discussions, the University of California removed this
+    clause from the license of BSD.
+</p>
+<p>
+    Thus, there is now a new BSD license which does not contain the
+    advertising clause.  Unfortunately, this does not eliminate the
+    legacy of the advertising clause: similar clauses are still present
+    in the licenses of many packages which are not part of BSD.  The
+    change in license for BSD has no effect on the other packages which
+    imitated the old BSD license; only the developers who made them can
+    change them.
+</p>
+<p>
+    But if they followed Berkeley's lead before, maybe Berkeley's
+    change in policy will convince some of them to change.  It's worth
+    asking.
+</p>
+<p>
+    So if you have a favorite package which still uses the BSD license
+    with the advertising clause, please ask the maintainer to look at
+    this web page, and consider making the change.
+</p>
+<p>
+    And if you want to release a program as non-copylefted free
+    software, please don't use the advertising clause.  Thus, instead of
+    copying the BSD license from some released package&mdash;which might
+    still have the old version of the license in it&mdash;please use one
+    of the other permissive licenses, such as Expat or FreeBSD.
+</p>
+<p>
+    You can also help spread awareness of the issue by not using the
+    term &ldquo;BSD-style&rdquo;, and not saying &ldquo;the BSD license&rdquo;
+    which implies there is only one.  You see, when people refer to all
+    non-copyleft free software licenses as &ldquo;BSD-style licenses&rdquo;,
+    some new free software developer who wants to use a non-copyleft free
+    software license might take for granted that the place to get it is from
+    BSD.  He or she might copy the license with the advertising clause, not by
+    specific intention, just by chance.
+</p>
+<p>
+    If you would like to cite one specific example of a non-copyleft
+    license, and you have no particular preference, please pick an
+    example which has no particular problem.  For instance, if you talk
+    about &ldquo;X11-style licenses&rdquo;, you will encourage people to copy 
the
+    license from X11, which avoids the advertising clause for certain,
+    rather than take a risk by randomly choosing one of the BSD
+    licenses.
+</p>
+<p>
+    Or you could mention the non-copyleft license
+    which <a href="/licenses/license-recommendations.html"> we
+    recommend over the other non-copyleft licenses</a>: the Apache 2.0
+    license, which has a clause to prevent treachery with patents.
+</p>
+<p>
+    When you want to refer specifically to one of the BSD licenses,
+    please always state which one: the &ldquo;original BSD license&rdquo; or 
the
+    &ldquo;Modified BSD license&rdquo;.
+</p>
+
+<hr/>
+
+<p>
+    Later a third BSD license variant was introduced, with only the
+    first two of the original BSD license's four clauses.  We call it
+    the &ldquo;FreeBSD license.&rdquo; It is a lax, noncopyleft free
+    license, compatible with the GNU GPL, much like the modified BSD
+    license.
+</p>
+
+
+</div><!-- for id="content", starts in the include above -->
+<!--#include virtual="/server/footer.html" -->
+<div id="footer">
+<div class="unprintable">
+
+<p>Please send general FSF &amp; GNU inquiries to
+<a href="mailto:address@hidden";>&lt;address@hidden&gt;</a>.
+There are also <a href="/contact/">other ways to contact</a>
+the FSF.  Broken links and other corrections or suggestions can be sent
+to <a href="mailto:address@hidden";>&lt;address@hidden&gt;</a>.</p>
+
+<p><!-- TRANSLATORS: Ignore the original text in this paragraph,
+        replace it with the translation of these two:
+
+        We work hard and do our best to provide accurate, good quality
+        translations.  However, we are not exempt from imperfection.
+        Please send your comments and general suggestions in this regard
+        to <a href="mailto:address@hidden";>
+        &lt;address@hidden&gt;</a>.</p>
+
+        <p>For information on coordinating and submitting translations of
+        our web pages, see <a
+        href="/server/standards/README.translations.html">Translations
+        README</a>. -->
+Please see the <a
+href="/server/standards/README.translations.html">Translations
+README</a> for information on coordinating and submitting translations
+of this article.</p>
+</div>
+
+<p>Copyright &copy; 1998, 1999, 2001, 2003, 2007, 2013, 2014, 2015
+Free Software Foundation, Inc.</p>
+
+<p>This page is licensed under a <a rel="license"
+href="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nd/4.0/";>Creative
+Commons Attribution-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License</a>.</p>
+
+<!--#include virtual="/server/bottom-notes.html" -->
+
+<p class="unprintable">Updated:
+<!-- timestamp start -->
+$Date: 2018/11/03 08:29:20 $
+<!-- timestamp end -->
+</p>
+</div>
+</div>
+</body>
+</html>