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GNUN |
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Subject: |
www/philosophy boldrin-levine.nl.html boldrin-l... |
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Date: |
Sat, 8 Sep 2018 12:27:24 -0400 (EDT) |
CVSROOT: /web/www
Module name: www
Changes by: GNUN <gnun> 18/09/08 12:27:24
Modified files:
philosophy : boldrin-levine.nl.html boldrin-levine.pl.html
philosophy/po : boldrin-levine.nl-diff.html
Added files:
philosophy/po : boldrin-levine.pl-diff.html
Log message:
Automatic update by GNUnited Nations.
CVSWeb URLs:
http://web.cvs.savannah.gnu.org/viewcvs/www/philosophy/boldrin-levine.nl.html?cvsroot=www&r1=1.20&r2=1.21
http://web.cvs.savannah.gnu.org/viewcvs/www/philosophy/boldrin-levine.pl.html?cvsroot=www&r1=1.28&r2=1.29
http://web.cvs.savannah.gnu.org/viewcvs/www/philosophy/po/boldrin-levine.nl-diff.html?cvsroot=www&r1=1.2&r2=1.3
http://web.cvs.savannah.gnu.org/viewcvs/www/philosophy/po/boldrin-levine.pl-diff.html?cvsroot=www&rev=1.1
Patches:
Index: boldrin-levine.nl.html
===================================================================
RCS file: /web/www/www/philosophy/boldrin-levine.nl.html,v
retrieving revision 1.20
retrieving revision 1.21
diff -u -b -r1.20 -r1.21
--- boldrin-levine.nl.html 22 May 2017 08:01:00 -0000 1.20
+++ boldrin-levine.nl.html 8 Sep 2018 16:27:23 -0000 1.21
@@ -1,4 +1,9 @@
-<!--#set var="ENGLISH_PAGE" value="/philosophy/boldrin-levine.en.html" -->
+<!--#set var="PO_FILE"
+ value='<a href="/philosophy/po/boldrin-levine.nl.po">
+ https://www.gnu.org/philosophy/po/boldrin-levine.nl.po</a>'
+ --><!--#set var="ORIGINAL_FILE" value="/philosophy/boldrin-levine.html"
+ --><!--#set var="DIFF_FILE" value="/philosophy/po/boldrin-levine.nl-diff.html"
+ --><!--#set var="OUTDATED_SINCE" value="2018-07-10" --><!--#set
var="ENGLISH_PAGE" value="/philosophy/boldrin-levine.en.html" -->
<!--#include virtual="/server/header.nl.html" -->
<!-- Parent-Version: 1.77 -->
@@ -9,6 +14,7 @@
<!--#include virtual="/philosophy/po/boldrin-levine.translist" -->
<!--#include virtual="/server/banner.nl.html" -->
+<!--#include virtual="/server/outdated.nl.html" -->
<h2>Recensie: Boldrin en Levine, “Argumenten tegen het gebruik van
intellectueel eigendom”</h2>
@@ -145,7 +151,7 @@
<p class="unprintable"><!-- timestamp start -->
Bijgewerkt:
-$Date: 2017/05/22 08:01:00 $
+$Date: 2018/09/08 16:27:23 $
<!-- timestamp end -->
</p>
Index: boldrin-levine.pl.html
===================================================================
RCS file: /web/www/www/philosophy/boldrin-levine.pl.html,v
retrieving revision 1.28
retrieving revision 1.29
diff -u -b -r1.28 -r1.29
--- boldrin-levine.pl.html 16 Jan 2016 00:04:56 -0000 1.28
+++ boldrin-levine.pl.html 8 Sep 2018 16:27:23 -0000 1.29
@@ -1,4 +1,9 @@
-<!--#set var="ENGLISH_PAGE" value="/philosophy/boldrin-levine.en.html" -->
+<!--#set var="PO_FILE"
+ value='<a href="/philosophy/po/boldrin-levine.pl.po">
+ https://www.gnu.org/philosophy/po/boldrin-levine.pl.po</a>'
+ --><!--#set var="ORIGINAL_FILE" value="/philosophy/boldrin-levine.html"
+ --><!--#set var="DIFF_FILE" value="/philosophy/po/boldrin-levine.pl-diff.html"
+ --><!--#set var="OUTDATED_SINCE" value="2018-07-10" --><!--#set
var="ENGLISH_PAGE" value="/philosophy/boldrin-levine.en.html" -->
<!--#include virtual="/server/header.pl.html" -->
<!-- Parent-Version: 1.77 -->
@@ -9,6 +14,7 @@
<!--#include virtual="/philosophy/po/boldrin-levine.translist" -->
<!--#include virtual="/server/banner.pl.html" -->
+<!--#include virtual="/server/outdated.pl.html" -->
<h2>Recenzja: Boldrin i Levine, „Przeciw wÅasnoÅci
intelektualnej”</h2>
@@ -148,7 +154,7 @@
<p class="unprintable"><!-- timestamp start -->
Aktualizowane:
-$Date: 2016/01/16 00:04:56 $
+$Date: 2018/09/08 16:27:23 $
<!-- timestamp end -->
</p>
Index: po/boldrin-levine.nl-diff.html
===================================================================
RCS file: /web/www/www/philosophy/po/boldrin-levine.nl-diff.html,v
retrieving revision 1.2
retrieving revision 1.3
diff -u -b -r1.2 -r1.3
--- po/boldrin-levine.nl-diff.html 7 Jul 2015 05:58:00 -0000 1.2
+++ po/boldrin-levine.nl-diff.html 8 Sep 2018 16:27:24 -0000 1.3
@@ -22,10 +22,12 @@
by <a href="http://www.stallman.org/"><strong>Richard
Stallman</strong></a></p>
<p>
-<a <span
class="removed"><del><strong>href="http://www.researchoninnovation.org/tiip/archive/issue2003_2.html">http://www.researchoninnovation.org/tiip/archive/issue2003_2.html</a></strong></del></span>
<span
class="inserted"><ins><em>href="http://levine.sscnet.ucla.edu/papers/intellectual.pdf">
-http://levine.sscnet.ucla.edu/papers/intellectual.pdf</a></em></ins></span>
-contains a paper by Boldrin and Levine entitled “The case against
-intellectual property”. It argues on economic grounds that authors can
+<a <span
class="removed"><del><strong>href="http://levine.sscnet.ucla.edu/papers/intellectual.pdf">
+http://levine.sscnet.ucla.edu/papers/intellectual.pdf</a>
+contains a paper</strong></del></span> <span
class="inserted"><ins><em>href="https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Michele_Boldrin/publication/4980956_The_Case_Against_Intellectual_Property/links/53f9c5c90cf20a45496a9040/The-Case-Against-Intellectual-Property.pdf?origin=publication_detail">
+The Case Against Intellectual Property</a>,</em></ins></span> by Boldrin
and <span class="removed"><del><strong>Levine entitled “The case against
+intellectual property”. It</strong></del></span> <span
class="inserted"><ins><em>Levine,</em></ins></span>
+argues on economic grounds that authors can
make money by selling their work even in a world where everyone can
copy.</p>
<p>
@@ -106,7 +108,7 @@
<!-- Regarding copyright, in general, standalone pages (as opposed to
files generated as part of manuals) on the GNU web server should
- be under CC BY-ND 3.0 US. Please do NOT change or remove this
+ be under CC BY-ND <span class="removed"><del><strong>3.0
US.</strong></del></span> <span
class="inserted"><ins><em>4.0.</em></ins></span> Please do NOT change or
remove this
without talking with the webmasters or licensing team first.
Please make sure the copyright date is consistent with the
document. For web pages, it is ok to list just the latest year the
@@ -121,17 +123,18 @@
There is more detail about copyright years in the GNU Maintainers
Information document, www.gnu.org/prep/maintain. -->
-<p>Copyright © 2003, <span
class="removed"><del><strong>2014</strong></del></span> <span
class="inserted"><ins><em>2014, 2015</em></ins></span> Richard M.
Stallman</p>
+<p>Copyright © 2003, 2014, <span
class="removed"><del><strong>2015</strong></del></span> <span
class="inserted"><ins><em>2015, 2018</em></ins></span> Richard M.
Stallman</p>
<p>This page is licensed under a <a rel="license"
-href="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nd/3.0/us/">Creative
-Commons Attribution-NoDerivs 3.0 United States License</a>.</p>
+<span
class="removed"><del><strong>href="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nd/3.0/us/">Creative</strong></del></span>
+<span
class="inserted"><ins><em>href="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nd/4.0/">Creative</em></ins></span>
+Commons <span class="removed"><del><strong>Attribution-NoDerivs 3.0 United
States</strong></del></span> <span
class="inserted"><ins><em>Attribution-NoDerivatives 4.0
International</em></ins></span> License</a>.</p>
<!--#include virtual="/server/bottom-notes.html" -->
<p class="unprintable">Updated:
<!-- timestamp start -->
-$Date: 2015/07/07 05:58:00 $
+$Date: 2018/09/08 16:27:24 $
<!-- timestamp end -->
</p>
</div>
Index: po/boldrin-levine.pl-diff.html
===================================================================
RCS file: po/boldrin-levine.pl-diff.html
diff -N po/boldrin-levine.pl-diff.html
--- /dev/null 1 Jan 1970 00:00:00 -0000
+++ po/boldrin-levine.pl-diff.html 8 Sep 2018 16:27:24 -0000 1.1
@@ -0,0 +1,144 @@
+<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Strict//EN"
+ "http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-strict.dtd";>
+<!-- Generated by GNUN -->
+<html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"; xml:lang="en" lang="en">
+<head>
+<meta http-equiv="content-type" content="text/html; charset=utf-8" />
+<title>/philosophy/boldrin-levine.html-diff</title>
+<style type="text/css">
+span.removed { background-color: #f22; color: #000; }
+span.inserted { background-color: #2f2; color: #000; }
+</style></head>
+<body><pre>
+<!--#include virtual="/server/header.html" -->
+<!-- Parent-Version: 1.77 -->
+<title>Review: Boldrin and Levine, “The case against
+intellectual property” - GNU Project - Free Software
Foundation</title>
+<!--#include virtual="/philosophy/po/boldrin-levine.translist" -->
+<!--#include virtual="/server/banner.html" -->
+<h2>Review: Boldrin and Levine, “The case against intellectual
property”</h2>
+
+<p>
+by <a href="http://www.stallman.org/"><strong>Richard
Stallman</strong></a></p>
+
+<p>
+<a <span
class="removed"><del><strong>href="http://levine.sscnet.ucla.edu/papers/intellectual.pdf">
+http://levine.sscnet.ucla.edu/papers/intellectual.pdf</a>
+contains a paper</strong></del></span> <span
class="inserted"><ins><em>href="https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Michele_Boldrin/publication/4980956_The_Case_Against_Intellectual_Property/links/53f9c5c90cf20a45496a9040/The-Case-Against-Intellectual-Property.pdf?origin=publication_detail">
+The Case Against Intellectual Property</a>,</em></ins></span> by Boldrin
and <span class="removed"><del><strong>Levine entitled “The case against
+intellectual property”. It</strong></del></span> <span
class="inserted"><ins><em>Levine,</em></ins></span>
+argues on economic grounds that authors can
+make money by selling their work even in a world where everyone can
copy.</p>
+
+<p>
+You've probably heard the superficial argument that “If the
+program is free, you will only sell one copy”. The obvious
+response is that today there are companies that sell thousands of
+copies a month. But this paper provides another response: it shows
+why people who are fully aware of the economic consequences of the
+freedom to copy would pay a high price for “the first
+copy”.</p>
+
+<p>
+<a href="/philosophy/words-to-avoid.html#IntellectualProperty">The
+term “intellectual property” is biased and spreads
+confusion.</a> The bias is easy to see—by calling copyright and
+patents and trademarks “property”, it leads people to
+think that criticizing them is “opposing property rights”.
+The confusion is less evident: by lumping copyright and patents and
+trademarks together, it leads people to treat them as one thing, to
+ignore their large differences and consider them as a single issue in
+terms of their meager similarities.</p>
+
+<p>
+This usually means ignoring social and ethical aspects of copyrights, and
+the different social and ethical aspects of patents, and considering both
+copyrights and patents as a single issue in narrow economic terms. The
+proponents of harshly restrictive copyrights and patents then present an
+economic argument that is so simple that it gives an appearance of being
+irrefutable.</p>
+
+<p>
+I normally respond by showing the aspects of the situation that have been
+ignored by treating the issue as a purely economic one. Boldrin and
+Levine's paper takes on that simple economic argument on its own terms, and
+shows the gaps in it, gaps that the apparent simplicity tends to
hide.</p>
+
+<p>
+I believe we should continue to reject the term “intellectual
+property”. We need to call attention to the non-economic
+aspects of copyrights and the different non-economic aspects of
+patents. However, Boldrin and Levine's arguments will be useful for
+responding to people who insist on narrowing their values to
+economics.</p>
+
+<p>
+The paper is addressed to economists and somewhat mathematical.
+Popularization of its ideas would be useful.</p>
+
+</div><!-- for id="content", starts in the include above -->
+<!--#include virtual="/server/footer.html" -->
+<div id="footer">
+<div class="unprintable">
+
+<p>Please send general FSF & GNU inquiries to
+<a href="mailto:address@hidden"><address@hidden></a>.
+There are also <a href="/contact/">other ways to contact</a>
+the FSF. Broken links and other corrections or suggestions can be sent
+to <a
href="mailto:address@hidden"><address@hidden></a>.</p>
+
+<p><!-- TRANSLATORS: Ignore the original text in this paragraph,
+ replace it with the translation of these two:
+
+ We work hard and do our best to provide accurate, good quality
+ translations. However, we are not exempt from imperfection.
+ Please send your comments and general suggestions in this regard
+ to <a href="mailto:address@hidden">
+ <address@hidden></a>.</p>
+
+ <p>For information on coordinating and submitting translations of
+ our web pages, see <a
+ href="/server/standards/README.translations.html">Translations
+ README</a>. -->
+Please see the <a
+href="/server/standards/README.translations.html">Translations
+README</a> for information on coordinating and submitting translations
+of this article.</p>
+</div>
+
+<!-- Regarding copyright, in general, standalone pages (as opposed to
+ files generated as part of manuals) on the GNU web server should
+ be under CC BY-ND <span class="removed"><del><strong>3.0
US.</strong></del></span> <span
class="inserted"><ins><em>4.0.</em></ins></span> Please do NOT change or
remove this
+ without talking with the webmasters or licensing team first.
+ Please make sure the copyright date is consistent with the
+ document. For web pages, it is ok to list just the latest year the
+ document was modified, or published.
+
+ If you wish to list earlier years, that is ok too.
+ Either "2001, 2002, 2003" or "2001-2003" are ok for specifying
+ years, as long as each year in the range is in fact a copyrightable
+ year, i.e., a year in which the document was published (including
+ being publicly visible on the web or in a revision control system).
+
+ There is more detail about copyright years in the GNU Maintainers
+ Information document, www.gnu.org/prep/maintain. -->
+
+<p>Copyright © 2003, 2014, <span
class="removed"><del><strong>2015</strong></del></span> <span
class="inserted"><ins><em>2015, 2018</em></ins></span> Richard M.
Stallman</p>
+
+<p>This page is licensed under a <a rel="license"
+<span
class="removed"><del><strong>href="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nd/3.0/us/">Creative</strong></del></span>
+<span
class="inserted"><ins><em>href="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nd/4.0/">Creative</em></ins></span>
+Commons <span class="removed"><del><strong>Attribution-NoDerivs 3.0 United
States</strong></del></span> <span
class="inserted"><ins><em>Attribution-NoDerivatives 4.0
International</em></ins></span> License</a>.</p>
+
+<!--#include virtual="/server/bottom-notes.html" -->
+
+<p class="unprintable">Updated:
+<!-- timestamp start -->
+$Date: 2018/09/08 16:27:24 $
+<!-- timestamp end -->
+</p>
+</div>
+</div>
+</body>
+</html>
+</pre></body></html>
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