www/gnu po/initial-announcement.translist po/in...

[GNUN]

CVSROOT:        /web/www
Module name:    www
Changes by:     GNUN <gnun>     18/06/17 08:04:47

Modified files:
        gnu/po         : initial-announcement.translist 
                         initial-announcement.zh-cn.po 
Added files:
        gnu            : initial-announcement.zh-cn.html 
        gnu/po         : initial-announcement.zh-cn-en.html 

Log message:
        Automatic update by GNUnited Nations.

CVSWeb URLs:
http://web.cvs.savannah.gnu.org/viewcvs/www/gnu/initial-announcement.zh-cn.html?cvsroot=www&rev=1.1
http://web.cvs.savannah.gnu.org/viewcvs/www/gnu/po/initial-announcement.translist?cvsroot=www&r1=1.17&r2=1.18
http://web.cvs.savannah.gnu.org/viewcvs/www/gnu/po/initial-announcement.zh-cn.po?cvsroot=www&r1=1.1&r2=1.2
http://web.cvs.savannah.gnu.org/viewcvs/www/gnu/po/initial-announcement.zh-cn-en.html?cvsroot=www&rev=1.1

Patches:
Index: po/initial-announcement.translist
===================================================================
RCS file: /web/www/www/gnu/po/initial-announcement.translist,v
retrieving revision 1.17
retrieving revision 1.18
diff -u -b -r1.17 -r1.18
--- po/initial-announcement.translist   12 Apr 2016 15:42:09 -0000      1.17
+++ po/initial-announcement.translist   17 Jun 2018 12:04:46 -0000      1.18
@@ -21,6 +21,7 @@
 <span dir="ltr"><a lang="sq" hreflang="sq" 
href="/gnu/initial-announcement.sq.html">Shqip</a>&nbsp;[sq]</span> &nbsp;
 <span dir="ltr"><a lang="sv" hreflang="sv" 
href="/gnu/initial-announcement.sv.html">svenska</a>&nbsp;[sv]</span> &nbsp;
 <span dir="ltr"><a lang="uk" hreflang="uk" 
href="/gnu/initial-announcement.uk.html">українська</a>&nbsp;[uk]</span>
 &nbsp;
+<span dir="ltr"><a lang="zh-cn" hreflang="zh-cn" 
href="/gnu/initial-announcement.zh-cn.html">简体中文</a>&nbsp;[zh-cn]</span>
 &nbsp;
 </p>
 </div>' -->
 <link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="/gnu/initial-announcement.html" 
hreflang="x-default" />
@@ -43,4 +44,5 @@
 <link rel="alternate" type="text/html" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" 
href="/gnu/initial-announcement.sq.html" title="Shqip" />
 <link rel="alternate" type="text/html" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" 
href="/gnu/initial-announcement.sv.html" title="svenska" />
 <link rel="alternate" type="text/html" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" 
href="/gnu/initial-announcement.uk.html" title="українська" />
+<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" lang="zh-cn" hreflang="zh-cn" 
href="/gnu/initial-announcement.zh-cn.html" title="简体中文" />
 <!-- end translist file -->

Index: po/initial-announcement.zh-cn.po
===================================================================
RCS file: /web/www/www/gnu/po/initial-announcement.zh-cn.po,v
retrieving revision 1.1
retrieving revision 1.2
diff -u -b -r1.1 -r1.2
--- po/initial-announcement.zh-cn.po    17 Jun 2018 11:46:56 -0000      1.1
+++ po/initial-announcement.zh-cn.po    17 Jun 2018 12:04:46 -0000      1.2
@@ -106,10 +106,10 @@
 "one crashproof file system and two window systems for Lisp machines."
 msgstr ""
 "我叫Richard 
Stallman，是那个被到处模仿的EMACS编辑器的原始发明者
，我现在在麻省"
-"理工学院的人工智能实验室。我一直专注于编译器、编辑器、调试器、命令解释器、"
-"ITS（不兼容分时系统）和Lisp 
Machine操作系统的工作。我是ITSç³»ç»Ÿä¸Šç»ˆç«¯æ— å…³æ˜¾ç¤º"
-"支持的开拓者。此外，我在Lisp 
machine上实现了一个防崩溃的文件系统和两个窗口管"
-"理系统。"
+"理工学院的人工智能实验室。我一直专注于编译器、编辑器、调试器、命令解释器、ITS"
+"（不兼容分时系统）和Lisp 
Machine操作系统的工作。我是ITSç³»ç»Ÿä¸Šç»ˆç«¯æ— å…³æ˜¾ç¤ºæ”¯æŒ"
+"的开拓者。此外，我在Lisp 
machine上实现了一个防崩溃的文件系统和两个窗口管理系"
+"统。"
 
 #. type: Content of: <h3>
 msgid "Why I Must Write GNU"

Index: initial-announcement.zh-cn.html
===================================================================
RCS file: initial-announcement.zh-cn.html
diff -N initial-announcement.zh-cn.html
--- /dev/null   1 Jan 1970 00:00:00 -0000
+++ initial-announcement.zh-cn.html     17 Jun 2018 12:04:46 -0000      1.1
@@ -0,0 +1,257 @@
+<!--#set var="ENGLISH_PAGE" value="/gnu/initial-announcement.en.html" -->
+
+<!--#include virtual="/server/header.zh-cn.html" -->
+<!-- Parent-Version: 1.77 -->
+
+<!-- This file is automatically generated by GNUnited Nations! -->
+<title>初始声明 - GNU工程 - 自由软件基金会</title>
+
+<!--#include virtual="/gnu/po/initial-announcement.translist" -->
+<!--#include virtual="/server/banner.zh-cn.html" -->
+<h2>初始声明</h2>
+
+<p> 这就是GNU工程的初始声明，于1983年9月27日由<a 
href="http://www.stallman.org/";>Richard
+Stallman</a>提出。</p>
+
+<p> GNU工程的实际历史和这个初始声明有各种不同。比如，å…
¶å®žé™…开始日期晚至1984å¹´1月。多个关于<a
+href="/philosophy/free-sw.html">自由软件</a>çš„å“²å­¦æ¦‚å¿µç›´åˆ°å‡ 
年之后才得以澄清。</p>
+
+<h3>自由的Unix！</h3>
+
+<p>从这个感恩节开始，我将编写一个完全和Unixå…
¼å®¹çš„软件系统，它叫做GNU（意思是Gnu's Not
+Unix，GNU并非Unix），并且我会将它分发给能够使用的人，供他们自由<a
+href="#f1">(1)</a>使用。我迫切需要大家贡献时间、金钱、程序和设备。</p>
+
+<p>一开始，GNUä¼šæœ‰ä¸€ä¸ªå†…æ ¸åŠ 
上一系列编写和运行C程序所需要的应用：编辑器、shell、C编译器、连接器、汇编器以及一些å
…¶ä»–ç¨‹åºã€‚æ­¤åŽï¼Œæˆ‘ä»¬ä¼šåŠ 入文本排版工å…
·ã€YACCã€å¸å›½æ¸¸æˆã€ç”µå­è¡¨æ ¼å’Œæ•°ç™¾ä¸ªå…
¶ä»–应用。最终，我们希望能够提供通常一个Unix系统带有的所有有用的东西，此外还有Unix不带的所有å
…¶ä»–有用的东西，包括在线和实质的文档。</p>
+
+<p>GNU将能够运行Unix程序，但是它将不完全和Unixä¸€æ ·ã€‚æ 
¹æ®æˆ‘们在å…
¶ä»–操作系统上的体验，我们会在GNU上实现所有我们觉得方便的改进。特别地，我们的计划中åŒ
…
括更长的文件名、文件版本号、防崩溃的文件系统、文件名自动完成（可能的话）、终端æ—
 å…
³çš„显示支持，以及最终实现一个基于Lisp的窗口系统，它支持Lisp程序和普通Unix程序分享一个屏幕。C和Lisp都可以作为系统编程语言。我们将会有基于MIT
+chaosnet协议的网络软件，这远比UUCP要优越。我们也许也会有一些和UUCPå
…¼å®¹çš„程序。</p>
+
+
+<h3>我是谁？</h3>
+
+<p>我叫Richard
+Stallman，是那个被到处模仿的EMACS编辑器的原始发明者
，我现在在麻省理工学院的人工智能实验室。我一直专注于编译器、编辑器、调试器、命令解释器、ITS（不å
…¼å®¹åˆ†æ—¶ç³»ç»Ÿï¼‰å’ŒLisp
+Machine操作系统的工作。我是ITSç³»ç»Ÿä¸Šç»ˆç«¯æ— å…
³æ˜¾ç¤ºæ”¯æŒçš„开拓者。此外，我在Lisp
+machine上实现了一个防崩溃的文件系统和两个窗口管理系统。</p>
+
+<h3>为什么我必须编写GNU</h3>
+
+<p>我信奉的金科玉律是如果我喜欢一个程序，那么我必
须要和å…
¶ä»–喜欢该程序的人分享。签署保密协议或软件许可证协议会使我的良心不安。</p>
+
+<p>我决定组合一系列充
分的自由软件来让我摆脱非自由软件的限制，这æ 
·æˆ‘就可以在不违背自己的原则的情况下继续使用电脑。</p>
+
+
+<h3>ä½ è¯¥å¦‚ä½•åšè´¡çŒ®</h3>
+
+<p>æˆ‘è¯·æ±‚è®¡ç®—æœºåˆ¶é€ å•†æèµ è®¾å¤‡å’Œé‡‘é’±ã€‚æˆ‘è¯·æ±‚ä¸ªäººæèµ 
程序和作品。</p>
+
+<p>æœ‰ä¸€å®¶è®¡ç®—æœºåˆ¶é€ 
å•†å·²ç»è¦æä¾›ä¸€å°æœºå™¨ï¼Œä½†æ˜¯æˆ‘ä»¬éœ€è¦æ›´å¤šã€‚å¦‚æžœä½ æèµ 
äº†æœºå™¨ï¼Œé‚£ä¹ˆä½ å¯ä»¥é¢„æœŸGNUä¼šæ—©ä¸€ç‚¹åœ¨ä½ 
的机器上运行。这些机器最好能在居
民区操作，而不是要求复杂的冷却或供电设施。</p>
+
+<p>独立的程序员可以编写并贡献一些和Unix应用兼容的原æ 
·å¤åˆ¶ç¨‹åºï¼Œä½ 
们可以把它交给我。对大多数项目来说，这种业余时间进行的分散式工作很难协调；这些独立编写的部件可能æ—
 
法一起工作。但是对于替代Unix应用的这部分特定任务，没有问题。å
…¶ä¸­ï¼Œå¤§å¤šæ•°æŽ¥å£è§„æ ¼ç”±Unix的å…
¼å®¹æ€§å†³å®šã€‚如果每个人的贡献都工作在Unix上，那么它极可能也在GNU上工作。</p>
+
+<p>如果有了金钱上的捐助，我可能会雇佣一些全职或å…
¼èŒçš„人。薪水不高，但是我要找的人要明白他们的工作是在帮助人类，这和金钱一æ
 ·é‡è¦ã€‚我认为这是在为那些愿意全身心投å…
¥åˆ°GNU工作中的人们提供一个不用再寻找å…
¶ä»–谋生手段的机会。</p>
+
+
+<p>如需更多信息，请联系我。</p>
+
+<p>Arpanet mail:<br />
+  address@hidden</p>
+
+<p>Usenet:<br />
+  address@hidden<br />
+  address@hidden</p>
+
+<p>US Snail:<br />
+  Richard Stallman<br />
+  166 Prospect St<br />
+  Cambridge, MA 02139</p>
+
+
+<h4 id="f1"> &ldquo;free&rdquo;一词选得不好。</h4>
+
+<p>这里的用词不太小心。其初衷是人们不必
支付费用来获得使用GNU系统的<b>许可</b>。但是此处用词没有明确这一点，而且人们通常会理解成这是在说GNU的拷贝总是廉价或不花钱的。原意绝不是这æ
 ·çš„。</p>
+
+<h3>原始消息</h3>
+
+<p>ä¸ºäº†å®Œæ•´ï¼ŒåŽŸå§‹çš„é‚®ä»¶åˆ—åœ¨ä¸‹é¢ï¼Œå¹¶ä¸”æ˜¯åŽŸå§‹çš„æ ¼å¼ã€‚</p>
+
+<div dir="ltr">
+<pre><!--TRANSLATORS: Don't translate anything except the headers.-->
+
+From CSvax:pur-ee:address@hidden
+From: address@hidden
+Newsgroups: net.unix-wizards,net.usoft
+Subject: new Unix implementation
+Date: Tue, 27-Sep-83 12:35:59 EST
+Organization: MIT AI Lab, Cambridge, MA
+
+Free Unix!
+
+Starting this Thanksgiving I am going to write a complete
+Unix-compatible software system called GNU (for Gnu's Not Unix), and
+give it away free<a href="#f1">(1)</a> to everyone who can use it.
+Contributions of time, money, programs and equipment are greatly
+needed.
+
+To begin with, GNU will be a kernel plus all the utilities needed to
+write and run C programs: editor, shell, C compiler, linker,
+assembler, and a few other things.  After this we will add a text
+formatter, a YACC, an Empire game, a spreadsheet, and hundreds of
+other things.  We hope to supply, eventually, everything useful that
+normally comes with a Unix system, and anything else useful, including
+on-line and hardcopy documentation.
+
+GNU will be able to run Unix programs, but will not be identical
+to Unix.  We will make all improvements that are convenient, based
+on our experience with other operating systems.  In particular,
+we plan to have longer filenames, file version numbers, a crashproof
+file system, filename completion perhaps, terminal-independent
+display support, and eventually a Lisp-based window system through
+which several Lisp programs and ordinary Unix programs can share a screen.
+Both C and Lisp will be available as system programming languages.
+We will have network software based on MIT's chaosnet protocol,
+far superior to UUCP.  We may also have something compatible
+with UUCP.
+
+
+Who Am I?
+
+I am Richard Stallman, inventor of the original much-imitated EMACS
+editor, now at the Artificial Intelligence Lab at MIT.  I have worked
+extensively on compilers, editors, debuggers, command interpreters, the
+Incompatible Timesharing System and the Lisp Machine operating system.
+I pioneered terminal-independent display support in ITS.  In addition I
+have implemented one crashproof file system and two window systems for
+Lisp machines.
+
+
+Why I Must Write GNU
+
+I consider that the golden rule requires that if I like a program I
+must share it with other people who like it.  I cannot in good
+conscience sign a nondisclosure agreement or a software license
+agreement.
+
+So that I can continue to use computers without violating my principles,
+I have decided to put together a sufficient body of free software so that
+I will be able to get along without any software that is not free.
+
+
+How You Can Contribute
+
+I am asking computer manufacturers for donations of machines and money.
+I'm asking individuals for donations of programs and work.
+
+One computer manufacturer has already offered to provide a machine.  But
+we could use more.  One consequence you can expect if you donate
+machines is that GNU will run on them at an early date.  The machine had
+better be able to operate in a residential area, and not require
+sophisticated cooling or power.
+
+Individual programmers can contribute by writing a compatible duplicate
+of some Unix utility and giving it to me.  For most projects, such
+part-time distributed work would be very hard to coordinate; the
+independently-written parts would not work together.  But for the
+particular task of replacing Unix, this problem is absent.  Most
+interface specifications are fixed by Unix compatibility.  If each
+contribution works with the rest of Unix, it will probably work
+with the rest of GNU.
+
+If I get donations of money, I may be able to hire a few people full or
+part time.  The salary won't be high, but I'm looking for people for
+whom knowing they are helping humanity is as important as money.  I view
+this as a way of enabling dedicated people to devote their full energies to
+working on GNU by sparing them the need to make a living in another way.
+
+
+For more information, contact me.
+Arpanet mail:
+  address@hidden
+
+Usenet:
+  address@hidden
+  address@hidden
+
+US Snail:
+  Richard Stallman
+  166 Prospect St
+  Cambridge, MA 02139
+</pre>
+</div>
+
+<div class="translators-notes">
+
+<!--TRANSLATORS: Use space (SPC) as msgstr if you don't have notes.-->
+ </div>
+</div>
+
+<!-- for id="content", starts in the include above -->
+<!--#include virtual="/server/footer.zh-cn.html" -->
+<div id="footer">
+<div class="unprintable">
+
+<p>请将有å…
³è‡ªç”±è½¯ä»¶åŸºé‡‘会（FSF）&amp;GNU的一般性问题发送到<a
+href="mailto:address@hidden";>&lt;address@hidden&gt;</a>。也可以通过<a
+href="/contact/">å…
¶ä»–联系方法</a>联系自由软件基金会(FSF)ã€‚è¯·å°†æ— æ•ˆé“¾æŽ¥ï¼Œå…
¶ä»–错误或建议发送给<a
+href="mailto:address@hidden";>&lt;address@hidden&gt;</a>。</p>
+
+<p>
+<!-- TRANSLATORS: Ignore the original text in this paragraph,
+        replace it with the translation of these two:
+
+        We work hard and do our best to provide accurate, good quality
+        translations.  However, we are not exempt from imperfection.
+        Please send your comments and general suggestions in this regard
+        to <a href="mailto:address@hidden";>
+
+        &lt;address@hidden&gt;</a>.</p>
+
+        <p>For information on coordinating and submitting translations of
+        our web pages, see <a
+        href="/server/standards/README.translations.html">Translations
+        README</a>. -->
+若您想翻译本文，请参看<a 
href="/server/standards/README.translations.html">翻译须知</a>。</p>
+</div>
+
+<!-- Regarding copyright, in general, standalone pages (as opposed to
+     files generated as part of manuals) on the GNU web server should
+     be under CC BY-ND 3.0 US.  Please do NOT change or remove this
+     without talking with the webmasters or licensing team first.
+     Please make sure the copyright date is consistent with the
+     document.  For web pages, it is ok to list just the latest year the
+     document was modified, or published.
+     
+     If you wish to list earlier years, that is ok too.
+     Either "2001, 2002, 2003" or "2001-2003" are ok for specifying
+     years, as long as each year in the range is in fact a copyrightable
+     year, i.e., a year in which the document was published (including
+     being publicly visible on the web or in a revision control system).
+     
+     There is more detail about copyright years in the GNU Maintainers
+     Information document, www.gnu.org/prep/maintain. -->
+<p>Copyright &copy; 1983, 1999, 2007, 2008, 2009, 2013, 2014 Free Software
+Foundation, Inc.</p>
+
+<p>本页面使用<a rel="license"
+href="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nd/3.0/us/";>Creative Commons
+Attribution-NoDerivs 3.0 United States License</a>授权。</p>
+
+<!--#include virtual="/server/bottom-notes.zh-cn.html" -->
+<div class="translators-credits">
+
+<!--TRANSLATORS: Use space (SPC) as msgstr if you don't want credits.-->
+<b>翻译团队</b>：<a rel="team"
+href="https://savannah.gnu.org/projects/www-zh-cn/";>&lt;CTT&gt;</a>，2018。</div>
+
+<p class="unprintable"><!-- timestamp start -->
+最后更新：
+
+$Date: 2018/06/17 12:04:46 $
+
+<!-- timestamp end -->
+</p>
+</div>
+</div>
+</body>
+</html>

Index: po/initial-announcement.zh-cn-en.html
===================================================================
RCS file: po/initial-announcement.zh-cn-en.html
diff -N po/initial-announcement.zh-cn-en.html
--- /dev/null   1 Jan 1970 00:00:00 -0000
+++ po/initial-announcement.zh-cn-en.html       17 Jun 2018 12:04:46 -0000      
1.1
@@ -0,0 +1,291 @@
+<!--#include virtual="/server/header.html" -->
+<!-- Parent-Version: 1.77 -->
+<title>Initial Announcement - GNU Project - Free Software Foundation</title>
+<!--#include virtual="/gnu/po/initial-announcement.translist" -->
+<!--#include virtual="/server/banner.html" -->
+<h2>Initial Announcement</h2>
+
+<p> This is the original announcement of the GNU Project, posted by
+<a href="http://www.stallman.org/";>Richard Stallman</a> on September
+27, 1983.</p>
+
+<p> The actual history of the GNU Project differs in many ways from
+this initial plan. For example, the beginning was delayed until
+January 1984. Several of the philosophical concepts
+of <a href="/philosophy/free-sw.html">free software</a> were not
+clarified until a few years later.</p>
+
+<h3>Free Unix!</h3>
+
+<p>Starting this Thanksgiving I am going to write a complete
+Unix-compatible software system called GNU (for Gnu's Not Unix), and
+give it away free<a href="#f1">(1)</a> to everyone who can use it.
+Contributions of time, money, programs and equipment are greatly
+needed.</p>
+
+<p>To begin with, GNU will be a kernel plus all the utilities needed
+to write and run C programs: editor, shell, C compiler, linker,
+assembler, and a few other things.  After this we will add a text
+formatter, a YACC, an Empire game, a spreadsheet, and hundreds of
+other things.  We hope to supply, eventually, everything useful that
+normally comes with a Unix system, and anything else useful, including
+on-line and hardcopy documentation.</p>
+
+<p>GNU will be able to run Unix programs, but will not be identical to
+Unix.  We will make all improvements that are convenient, based on our
+experience with other operating systems.  In particular, we plan to
+have longer filenames, file version numbers, a crashproof file system,
+filename completion perhaps, terminal-independent display support, and
+eventually a Lisp-based window system through which several Lisp
+programs and ordinary Unix programs can share a screen.  Both C and
+Lisp will be available as system programming languages.  We will have
+network software based on MIT's chaosnet protocol, far superior to
+UUCP.  We may also have something compatible with UUCP.</p>
+
+
+<h3>Who Am I?</h3>
+
+<p>I am Richard Stallman, inventor of the original much-imitated EMACS
+editor, now at the Artificial Intelligence Lab at MIT.  I have worked
+extensively on compilers, editors, debuggers, command interpreters,
+the Incompatible Timesharing System and the Lisp Machine operating
+system.  I pioneered terminal-independent display support in ITS.  In
+addition I have implemented one crashproof file system and two window
+systems for Lisp machines.</p>
+
+<h3>Why I Must Write GNU</h3>
+
+<p>I consider that the golden rule requires that if I like a program I
+must share it with other people who like it.  I cannot in good
+conscience sign a nondisclosure agreement or a software license
+agreement.</p>
+
+<p>So that I can continue to use computers without violating my
+principles, I have decided to put together a sufficient body of free
+software so that I will be able to get along without any software that
+is not free.</p>
+
+
+<h3>How You Can Contribute</h3>
+
+<p>I am asking computer manufacturers for donations of machines and
+money.  I'm asking individuals for donations of programs and work.</p>
+
+<p>One computer manufacturer has already offered to provide a machine.  But
+we could use more.  One consequence you can expect if you donate
+machines is that GNU will run on them at an early date.  The machine had
+better be able to operate in a residential area, and not require
+sophisticated cooling or power.</p>
+
+<p>Individual programmers can contribute by writing a compatible duplicate
+of some Unix utility and giving it to me.  For most projects, such
+part-time distributed work would be very hard to coordinate; the
+independently-written parts would not work together.  But for the
+particular task of replacing Unix, this problem is absent.  Most
+interface specifications are fixed by Unix compatibility.  If each
+contribution works with the rest of Unix, it will probably work
+with the rest of GNU.</p>
+
+<p>If I get donations of money, I may be able to hire a few people full or
+part time.  The salary won't be high, but I'm looking for people for
+whom knowing they are helping humanity is as important as money.  I view
+this as a way of enabling dedicated people to devote their full energies to
+working on GNU by sparing them the need to make a living in another way.</p>
+
+
+<p>For more information, contact me.</p>
+
+<p>Arpanet mail:<br />
+  address@hidden</p>
+
+<p>Usenet:<br />
+  address@hidden<br />
+  address@hidden</p>
+
+<p>US Snail:<br />
+  Richard Stallman<br />
+  166 Prospect St<br />
+  Cambridge, MA 02139</p>
+
+
+<h4 id="f1">Poor choice of wording around &ldquo;free&rdquo;</h4>
+
+<p>The wording here was careless.  The intention was that nobody would
+have to pay for <b>permission</b> to use the GNU system.  But the
+words don't make this clear, and people often interpret them as saying
+that copies of GNU should always be distributed at little or no
+charge.  That was never the intent.</p>
+
+<h3>Original message</h3>
+
+<p>For completeness, the original email is reproduced here, in its
+original form.</p>
+
+<div dir="ltr">
+<pre><!--TRANSLATORS: Don't translate anything except the headers.-->
+From CSvax:pur-ee:address@hidden
+From: address@hidden
+Newsgroups: net.unix-wizards,net.usoft
+Subject: new Unix implementation
+Date: Tue, 27-Sep-83 12:35:59 EST
+Organization: MIT AI Lab, Cambridge, MA
+
+Free Unix!
+
+Starting this Thanksgiving I am going to write a complete
+Unix-compatible software system called GNU (for Gnu's Not Unix), and
+give it away free<a href="#f1">(1)</a> to everyone who can use it.
+Contributions of time, money, programs and equipment are greatly
+needed.
+
+To begin with, GNU will be a kernel plus all the utilities needed to
+write and run C programs: editor, shell, C compiler, linker,
+assembler, and a few other things.  After this we will add a text
+formatter, a YACC, an Empire game, a spreadsheet, and hundreds of
+other things.  We hope to supply, eventually, everything useful that
+normally comes with a Unix system, and anything else useful, including
+on-line and hardcopy documentation.
+
+GNU will be able to run Unix programs, but will not be identical
+to Unix.  We will make all improvements that are convenient, based
+on our experience with other operating systems.  In particular,
+we plan to have longer filenames, file version numbers, a crashproof
+file system, filename completion perhaps, terminal-independent
+display support, and eventually a Lisp-based window system through
+which several Lisp programs and ordinary Unix programs can share a screen.
+Both C and Lisp will be available as system programming languages.
+We will have network software based on MIT's chaosnet protocol,
+far superior to UUCP.  We may also have something compatible
+with UUCP.
+
+
+Who Am I?
+
+I am Richard Stallman, inventor of the original much-imitated EMACS
+editor, now at the Artificial Intelligence Lab at MIT.  I have worked
+extensively on compilers, editors, debuggers, command interpreters, the
+Incompatible Timesharing System and the Lisp Machine operating system.
+I pioneered terminal-independent display support in ITS.  In addition I
+have implemented one crashproof file system and two window systems for
+Lisp machines.
+
+
+Why I Must Write GNU
+
+I consider that the golden rule requires that if I like a program I
+must share it with other people who like it.  I cannot in good
+conscience sign a nondisclosure agreement or a software license
+agreement.
+
+So that I can continue to use computers without violating my principles,
+I have decided to put together a sufficient body of free software so that
+I will be able to get along without any software that is not free.
+
+
+How You Can Contribute
+
+I am asking computer manufacturers for donations of machines and money.
+I'm asking individuals for donations of programs and work.
+
+One computer manufacturer has already offered to provide a machine.  But
+we could use more.  One consequence you can expect if you donate
+machines is that GNU will run on them at an early date.  The machine had
+better be able to operate in a residential area, and not require
+sophisticated cooling or power.
+
+Individual programmers can contribute by writing a compatible duplicate
+of some Unix utility and giving it to me.  For most projects, such
+part-time distributed work would be very hard to coordinate; the
+independently-written parts would not work together.  But for the
+particular task of replacing Unix, this problem is absent.  Most
+interface specifications are fixed by Unix compatibility.  If each
+contribution works with the rest of Unix, it will probably work
+with the rest of GNU.
+
+If I get donations of money, I may be able to hire a few people full or
+part time.  The salary won't be high, but I'm looking for people for
+whom knowing they are helping humanity is as important as money.  I view
+this as a way of enabling dedicated people to devote their full energies to
+working on GNU by sparing them the need to make a living in another way.
+
+
+For more information, contact me.
+Arpanet mail:
+  address@hidden
+
+Usenet:
+  address@hidden
+  address@hidden
+
+US Snail:
+  Richard Stallman
+  166 Prospect St
+  Cambridge, MA 02139
+</pre>
+</div>
+
+</div><!-- for id="content", starts in the include above -->
+<!--#include virtual="/server/footer.html" -->
+<div id="footer">
+<div class="unprintable">
+
+<p>Please send general FSF &amp; GNU inquiries to
+<a href="mailto:address@hidden";>&lt;address@hidden&gt;</a>.
+There are also <a href="/contact/">other ways to contact</a>
+the FSF.  Broken links and other corrections or suggestions can be sent
+to <a href="mailto:address@hidden";>&lt;address@hidden&gt;</a>.</p>
+
+<p><!-- TRANSLATORS: Ignore the original text in this paragraph,
+        replace it with the translation of these two:
+
+        We work hard and do our best to provide accurate, good quality
+        translations.  However, we are not exempt from imperfection.
+        Please send your comments and general suggestions in this regard
+        to <a href="mailto:address@hidden";>
+        &lt;address@hidden&gt;</a>.</p>
+
+        <p>For information on coordinating and submitting translations of
+        our web pages, see <a
+        href="/server/standards/README.translations.html">Translations
+        README</a>. -->
+Please see the <a
+href="/server/standards/README.translations.html">Translations
+README</a> for information on coordinating and submitting translations
+of this article.</p>
+</div>
+
+<!-- Regarding copyright, in general, standalone pages (as opposed to
+     files generated as part of manuals) on the GNU web server should
+     be under CC BY-ND 3.0 US.  Please do NOT change or remove this
+     without talking with the webmasters or licensing team first.
+     Please make sure the copyright date is consistent with the
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+     document was modified, or published.
+     
+     If you wish to list earlier years, that is ok too.
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+     years, as long as each year in the range is in fact a copyrightable
+     year, i.e., a year in which the document was published (including
+     being publicly visible on the web or in a revision control system).
+     
+     There is more detail about copyright years in the GNU Maintainers
+     Information document, www.gnu.org/prep/maintain. -->
+
+<p>Copyright &copy; 1983, 1999, 2007, 2008, 2009, 2013, 2014
+Free Software Foundation, Inc.</p>
+
+<p>This page is licensed under a <a rel="license"
+href="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nd/3.0/us/";>Creative
+Commons Attribution-NoDerivs 3.0 United States License</a>.</p>
+
+<!--#include virtual="/server/bottom-notes.html" -->
+
+<p class="unprintable">Updated:
+<!-- timestamp start -->
+$Date: 2018/06/17 12:04:46 $
+<!-- timestamp end -->
+</p>
+</div>
+</div>
+</body>
+</html>