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CVSROOT:        /web/www
Module name:    www
Changes by:     GNUN <gnun>     18/04/20 10:29:14

Modified files:
        licenses       : licenses.zh-cn.html 
        licenses/po    : licenses.zh-cn-en.html licenses.zh-cn.po 
        philosophy     : self-interest.zh-cn.html 
Added files:
        philosophy/po  : self-interest.zh-cn-en.html 

Log message:
        Automatic update by GNUnited Nations.

CVSWeb URLs:
http://web.cvs.savannah.gnu.org/viewcvs/www/licenses/licenses.zh-cn.html?cvsroot=www&r1=1.20&r2=1.21
http://web.cvs.savannah.gnu.org/viewcvs/www/licenses/po/licenses.zh-cn-en.html?cvsroot=www&r1=1.5&r2=1.6
http://web.cvs.savannah.gnu.org/viewcvs/www/licenses/po/licenses.zh-cn.po?cvsroot=www&r1=1.41&r2=1.42
http://web.cvs.savannah.gnu.org/viewcvs/www/philosophy/self-interest.zh-cn.html?cvsroot=www&r1=1.3&r2=1.4
http://web.cvs.savannah.gnu.org/viewcvs/www/philosophy/po/self-interest.zh-cn-en.html?cvsroot=www&rev=1.1

Patches:
Index: licenses/licenses.zh-cn.html
===================================================================
RCS file: /web/www/www/licenses/licenses.zh-cn.html,v
retrieving revision 1.20
retrieving revision 1.21
diff -u -b -r1.20 -r1.21
--- licenses/licenses.zh-cn.html        1 Oct 2017 14:00:38 -0000       1.20
+++ licenses/licenses.zh-cn.html        20 Apr 2018 14:29:12 -0000      1.21
@@ -31,11 +31,11 @@
 </div>
 
 <p>
-任何软件都应当以 <a href="/philosophy/free-sw.html">自由软件</a>
-发布。要让一个软件成为自由软件，您需要把它以自由软件许可证发布。我们通常使用
 <a href="#GPL">GNU 通用公共许可证</a> (GNU
-GPL) 发布软件，但有时我们也使用 <a
-href="/licenses/license-list.html#SoftwareLicenses">å…
¶å®ƒè‡ªç”±è½¯ä»¶è®¸å¯è¯</a> 发布软件。在 GNU
-软件包中，我们只使用与GNU GPL兼容的许可证。
+任何软件都应当以<a
+href="/philosophy/free-sw.html">自由软件</a>发布。要让一个软件成为自由软件，您需要把它以自由软件许可证发布。我们通常使用<a
+href="#GPL">GNU通用公共许可证</a>（GNU 
GPL）发布软件，指定是第3版或更新的版本，但有时我们也使用<a
+href="/licenses/license-list.html#SoftwareLicenses">å…
¶ä»–的自由软件许可证</a>发布软件。在GNU软件包
中，我们只使用与GNU
+GPL兼容的许可证。
 </p>
 
 <p>
@@ -381,7 +381,7 @@
      
      There is more detail about copyright years in the GNU Maintainers
      Information document, www.gnu.org/prep/maintain. -->
-<p>Copyright &copy; 2014, 2015, 2016 Free Software Foundation, Inc.</p>
+<p>Copyright &copy; 2014, 2015, 2016, 2018 Free Software Foundation, Inc.</p>
 
 <p>本页面使用<a rel="license"
 href="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nd/4.0/";>Creative Commons
@@ -394,12 +394,12 @@
 <b>翻译</b>: Christopher Meng，李凡希，2010-2013。<br></br>
 <b>å®¡æ ¡</b>: 李凡希，Nan Deng<br></br>
 <b>翻译团队</b>：<a rel="team"
-href="https://savannah.gnu.org/projects/www-zh-cn/";>&lt;CTT&gt;</a>，2017。</div>
+href="https://savannah.gnu.org/projects/www-zh-cn/";>&lt;CTT&gt;</a>，2017，2018。</div>
 
 <p class="unprintable"><!-- timestamp start -->
 最后更新：
 
-$Date: 2017/10/01 14:00:38 $
+$Date: 2018/04/20 14:29:12 $
 
 <!-- timestamp end -->
 </p>

Index: licenses/po/licenses.zh-cn-en.html
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RCS file: /web/www/www/licenses/po/licenses.zh-cn-en.html,v
retrieving revision 1.5
retrieving revision 1.6
diff -u -b -r1.5 -r1.6
--- licenses/po/licenses.zh-cn-en.html  19 Aug 2017 10:30:28 -0000      1.5
+++ licenses/po/licenses.zh-cn-en.html  20 Apr 2018 14:29:14 -0000      1.6
@@ -28,12 +28,13 @@
 
 <p>
 Published software should be <a href="/philosophy/free-sw.html">free
-software</a>.  To make it free software, you need to release it
-under a free software license.  We normally use the <a
-href="#GPL">GNU General Public License</a> (GNU GPL),
-but occasionally we use <a 
href="/licenses/license-list.html#SoftwareLicenses">other
-free software licenses</a>.  We use only licenses that are compatible
-with the GNU GPL for GNU software.
+software</a>.  To make it free software, you need to release it under
+a free software license.  We normally use the <a href="#GPL">GNU
+General Public License</a> (GNU GPL), specifying version 3 or any
+later version, but occasionally we
+use <a href="/licenses/license-list.html#SoftwareLicenses">other free
+software licenses</a>.  We use only licenses that are compatible with
+the GNU GPL for GNU software.
 </p>
 
 <p>
@@ -498,7 +499,7 @@
      There is more detail about copyright years in the GNU Maintainers
      Information document, www.gnu.org/prep/maintain. -->
 
-<p>Copyright &copy; 2014, 2015, 2016 Free Software Foundation, Inc.</p>
+<p>Copyright &copy; 2014, 2015, 2016, 2018 Free Software Foundation, Inc.</p>
 
 <p>This page is licensed under a <a rel="license"
 href="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nd/4.0/";>Creative
@@ -508,7 +509,7 @@
 
 <p class="unprintable">Updated:
 <!-- timestamp start -->
-$Date: 2017/08/19 10:30:28 $
+$Date: 2018/04/20 14:29:14 $
 <!-- timestamp end -->
 </p>
 </div>

Index: licenses/po/licenses.zh-cn.po
===================================================================
RCS file: /web/www/www/licenses/po/licenses.zh-cn.po,v
retrieving revision 1.41
retrieving revision 1.42
diff -u -b -r1.41 -r1.42
--- licenses/po/licenses.zh-cn.po       20 Apr 2018 14:12:49 -0000      1.41
+++ licenses/po/licenses.zh-cn.po       20 Apr 2018 14:29:14 -0000      1.42
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Index: philosophy/self-interest.zh-cn.html
===================================================================
RCS file: /web/www/www/philosophy/self-interest.zh-cn.html,v
retrieving revision 1.3
retrieving revision 1.4
diff -u -b -r1.3 -r1.4
--- philosophy/self-interest.zh-cn.html 30 Dec 2011 05:19:01 -0000      1.3
+++ philosophy/self-interest.zh-cn.html 20 Apr 2018 14:29:14 -0000      1.4
@@ -1,158 +1,132 @@
-<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//IETF//DTD HTML 2.0//EN">
-<HTML>
-<HEAD>
-<TITLE>Àû¼ºÖ÷Òå £­ GNU ¹¤³Ì £­ ×ÔÓÉÈí¼þ»ù½ð»á (FSF)</TITLE>
-<META HTTP-EQUIV="Content-Type" CONTENT="text/html; CHARSET=gb2312">
-<LINK REV="made" HREF="mailto:address@hidden";>
-</HEAD>
-<BODY BGCOLOR="#FFFFFF" TEXT="#000000" LINK="#1F00FF" ALINK="#FF0000" 
VLINK="#9900DD">
-<H3>Àû¼ºÖ÷Òå</H3>
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SRC="/graphics/philosophical-gnu-sm.jpg"
-   ALT=" [image of a Philosophical Gnu] "
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-
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-[ <A HREF="/philosophy/self-interest.zh-cn.html">¼òÌåÖÐÎÄ</A>
-| <A HREF="/philosophy/self-interest.zh-tw.html">·±ÌåÖÐÎÄ</A>
-| <A HREF="/philosophy/self-interest.en.html">Ó¢Óï</A>
-| <A HREF="/philosophy/self-interest.fr.html">·¨Óï</A>
-]
-
-<P>
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-Copyright (C) 1998 <A HREF="mailto:address@hidden";>Loyd Fueston</A>
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-±¾ÎÄÔÊÐíÔÚ²»±ä¸üÎļþÄÚÈݵÄÇ°ÌáÏ¿¯µÇÔÚÈκÎÐÎʽµÄýÌåÖУ¬µ«Ðè±£Áô´ËÉùÃ÷¡£
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-Updated:
-<!-- timestamp start -->
-$Date: 2011/12/30 05:19:01 $ $Author: ineiev $
+<!--#set var="ENGLISH_PAGE" value="/philosophy/self-interest.en.html" -->
+
+<!--#include virtual="/server/header.zh-cn.html" -->
+<!-- Parent-Version: 1.77 -->
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+<title>利己主义 - GNU工程 - 自由软件基金会</title>
+
+<!--#include virtual="/philosophy/po/self-interest.translist" -->
+<!--#include virtual="/server/banner.zh-cn.html" -->
+<h2>利己主义</h2>
+
+<p><strong>Loyd Fueston</strong> 著</p>
+
+<p>
+利己主义足够组织一个自由经济吗？</p>
+
+<p>
+回答将是：&ldquo;不能&rdquo;。而且，没有一个知名的自由市场理论方面的专家会认为利己主义曾经、甚至有可能足以组织自由经济，或是将它维持一段时间。在这些理论家中，亚当．斯密经常被认为是利己主义的主要卫道士。但是在一本用来çº
 正对å…
¶æ•™ä¹‰çš„误解的书中，我们看到了对他的利己主义观点的如下综述：</p>
+
+<blockquote><p>
+与成为个人主义者
相比，斯密认为是社会的影响将人转变为道德的生物。他认为人们经常高估了自己的个人利益。
+</p></blockquote>
+
+<p>
+甚至还有更多直接的论述：</p>
+
+<blockquote><p>
+[亚当．斯密]认为基于利己主义来解释人类行为的尝试是分析上的被误导，并且在道德上是有害的。
+</p></blockquote>
+
+<p>
+[两文皆引自Jerry Z. 
Muller的&ldquo;亚当．斯密：他与我们的时代&rdquo;，第2页，普林斯顿：普林斯顿大学出版社，1993。]</p>
+
+<p>
+亚当．斯密显然意识到，利己主义在任何社会中都是组织经济活动的首要力量之一，æ—
 
论在相对自由开放的社会中，还是在最压迫甚至是最残暴的社会中。我们大多数人都不会喜欢缺乏对他人尊敬的利己主义é€
 成的后果。比如当下，苏联共产党和苏联军事及情
报机构的头头们，在发展个人利益的同时，把苏联带到了对人民不利的境地，至少按ç
…§ä»–ä»¬å¯¹åˆ©ç›Šçš„ç†è§£æ¥è¯´æ˜¯è¿™æ ·ã€‚</p>
+<p>
+那些美国人民比苏联人民多得到过的好处，以及我们现在还有的、è¶
…过所谓的俄罗斯和其他东欧国家的自由å…
¬æ°‘的优势，来自一个社会；该社会组织å…
è®¸å¤§å¤šæ•°ç¾Žå›½äººè¡Œäº‹æ—¶æ»¡è¶³ä¸ªäººåˆ©ç›Šï¼ŒåŒæ—¶åˆä¸èƒŒç¦»åšå®žçš„道德准则。不ä»
…æˆ‘ä»¬çš„é£Žä¿—ä¹ 
惯，而且我们的正确法律&mdash;比如说那些对版权的规定&mdash;都进å
…
¥åˆ°æˆ‘们的社会组织中，它们或好或坏，但绝不是道德中立。</p>
+<p>
+利己主义不一定非是罪恶的，尽管它会驱使人们以应当受道德谴责的方式行事。对自己的å
…³å¿ƒå’Œå› 
æ­¤è€Œæ¥çš„åˆ©å·±ä¸»ä¹‰çš„å‘å±•ï¼Œæ˜¯æˆ‘ä»¬ä½œä¸ºäººçš„ä¸€æ–¹é¢ï¼›å®ƒä¹Ÿå› 
而使人成为社会的、进而是道德的生物。只要这个社会有适当的基础，利己主义本身可以在自由社会为道德利益服务。这种基础的å
…ƒç´ ä¸ä»…åŒ…æ‹¬è®¤åŒåšå®žé“å¾·ä¿¡ä»°å’Œä¹ æƒ¯çš„äººæ°‘ï¼Œä¹ŸåŒ…
括正式的政治结构、正确的法律，以及被接受的能够维护社会秩序和个人自由的法庭裁决。当这些基础都已å
…
·å¤‡ï¼Œå¹¶ä¸”都已被大多数人铭记于心时，利己主义将成为从整体上使经济运转有效而不导致邪恶结果的燃料。问题是，我们的社会是否在正确的法律和我们教育孩子与约束自我的ä¹
 
惯中被合理组织，从而利己主义与道德准则并不冲突了呢？</p>
+<p>
+ç 
”究现代数学或是编程技术的人应当了解这种个人道德与社会结构间的递归的、天然不稳定的交互作用。简单地说，有坚定道德信仰的人以å
…¶ä¿¡ä»°æ¥ç»„ç»‡ç¤¾ä¼šï¼Œç„¶åŽç¤¾ä¼šåˆå¼€å§‹æ ¹æ®è¿™äº›ä¿¡ä»°æ¥åŸ¹å…
»å­©å­ä»¬ã€ç§»æ°‘ä»¬çš„ä¿¡ä»°ä¸Žä¹ 
惯，等等。当然，这是一个头绪纷繁的历史过程，经常会被打断或是被引导到å
…¶ä»–并不想要的路子上。不可避å…
åœ°ï¼Œæœ‰äººä¼šé—®ï¼Œæˆ‘们是不是正在偏离正确的路途；还有人问，这个社会有多少承受力，也就是，要多大的打击就会摧毁这个社会的优秀部分。</p>
+<p>
+有时候，好人会认为事情
出了差错，并开始为了某个道德准则而战斗，即使是有必
要牺牲或者
至少是限制他们自己的个人利益。用当代的自由市场理论家Thomas
+Sowell的话来说：</p>
+
+<blockquote><p>
+世界上当然存在非经济的价值。实际
上，<em>只</em>存在非经济的价值。经济本身不是价值，只是一种价值交换的手段。如果有å
…³&lsquo;非经济价值&rsquo;（或者更å…
·ä½“地说，是&lsquo;社会价值&rsquo;或&lsquo;人类价值&rsquo;）的论断，是为了否认贸易的å†
…在真实性，或是为了å…
é™¤è´¸æ˜“è¿‡ç¨‹ä¸­çš„ä¸€äº›ç‰¹æ®Šçš„ä»·å€¼ï¼Œé‚£ä¹ˆè¿™ç§æ— 
私的理想只有通过为å…
¶èŽ·åˆ©çš„交易才能更有效地体现出来。这就是经济的贸易。<tt>[引自Thomas
+Sowell&ldquo;知识与选择&rdquo;第79页，New York：Basic 
Books，1980。]</tt>
+</p></blockquote>
+
+<p>
+在上下文中，Sowell教授并不是在反对那些为利己主义输å…
¥é“德力量的人；而是在反对那些认为存在一条能轻易改变有道德缺陷的社会的道路的人。他们是一个硬币的两面&mdash;维护个人利益可能会让人陷å
…
¥ä¸Žé“德价值的冲突，而尝试维护道德价值则会导致一些个人利益的牺牲。</p>
+<p>
+利己主义可以是社会的强劲燃料，至少当社会å…
¬æ°‘是经过良好教育的个体时是如此，但是利己主义没什么神奇或神秘的特性能保证道德的后果。利己主义产生的一般性道德后果，只能达到外部的、更多是å†
…部的道德约束能够指引该利益团体行动的范围。一个å…
·æœ‰è‰¯å¥½çº¦æŸçš„ç¤¾ä¼šå¹¶ä¸é é­”æœ¯è€Œå­˜åœ¨ï¼Œè€Œæ˜¯é ç€çœ¼æ›´é«˜ç›®æ 
‡çš„äººä»¬çš„è¡ŒåŠ¨ï¼Œæ— 
论是对整个社会自由的保护，还是对程序员社区合作精神的保留，亦或是二è€
…兼而有之。</p>
+
+<div class="translators-notes">
+
+<!--TRANSLATORS: Use space (SPC) as msgstr if you don't have notes.-->
+ </div>
+</div>
+
+<!-- for id="content", starts in the include above -->
+<!--#include virtual="/server/footer.zh-cn.html" -->
+<div id="footer">
+<div class="unprintable">
+
+<p>请将有å…
³è‡ªç”±è½¯ä»¶åŸºé‡‘会（FSF）&amp;GNU的一般性问题发送到<a
+href="mailto:address@hidden";>&lt;address@hidden&gt;</a>。也可以通过<a
+href="/contact/">å…
¶ä»–联系方法</a>联系自由软件基金会(FSF)ã€‚è¯·å°†æ— æ•ˆé“¾æŽ¥ï¼Œå…
¶ä»–错误或建议发送给<a
+href="mailto:address@hidden";>&lt;address@hidden&gt;</a>。</p>
+
+<p>
+<!-- TRANSLATORS: Ignore the original text in this paragraph,
+        replace it with the translation of these two:
+
+        We work hard and do our best to provide accurate, good quality
+        translations.  However, we are not exempt from imperfection.
+        Please send your comments and general suggestions in this regard
+        to <a href="mailto:address@hidden";>
+
+        &lt;address@hidden&gt;</a>.</p>
+
+        <p>For information on coordinating and submitting translations of
+        our web pages, see <a
+        href="/server/standards/README.translations.html">Translations
+        README</a>. -->
+若您想翻译本文，请参看<a 
href="/server/standards/README.translations.html">翻译须知</a>。</p>
+</div>
+
+<!-- Regarding copyright, in general, standalone pages (as opposed to
+     files generated as part of manuals) on the GNU web server should
+     be under CC BY-ND 4.0.  Please do NOT change or remove this
+     without talking with the webmasters or licensing team first.
+     Please make sure the copyright date is consistent with the
+     document.  For web pages, it is ok to list just the latest year the
+     document was modified, or published.
+     
+     If you wish to list earlier years, that is ok too.
+     Either "2001, 2002, 2003" or "2001-2003" are ok for specifying
+     years, as long as each year in the range is in fact a copyrightable
+     year, i.e., a year in which the document was published (including
+     being publicly visible on the web or in a revision control system).
+     
+     There is more detail about copyright years in the GNU Maintainers
+     Information document, www.gnu.org/prep/maintain. -->
+<p>Copyright &copy; 1998 Loyd Fueston <a
+href="mailto:address@hidden";>&lt;address@hidden&gt;</a></p>
+
+<p>本文允许在不变更文件内
容的前提下复制和发布到任何形式的媒体，但需保留此声明。</p>
+
+<!--#include virtual="/server/bottom-notes.zh-cn.html" -->
+<div class="translators-credits">
+
+<!--TRANSLATORS: Use space (SPC) as msgstr if you don't want credits.-->
+<b>翻译</b>：袁乙钧，2011。<a
+href="mailto:address@hidden";>&lt;address@hidden&gt;</a><br></br>
+<b>å®¡æ ¡</b>：马雪萍<br></br>
+<b>翻译团队</b>：<a rel="team"
+href="https://savannah.gnu.org/projects/www-zh-cn/";>&lt;CTT&gt;</a>，2018。</div>
+
+<p class="unprintable"><!-- timestamp start -->
+最后更新：
+
+$Date: 2018/04/20 14:29:14 $
+
 <!-- timestamp end -->
-<HR>
-</BODY>
-</HTML>
+</p>
+</div>
+</div>
+</body>
+</html>

Index: philosophy/po/self-interest.zh-cn-en.html
===================================================================
RCS file: philosophy/po/self-interest.zh-cn-en.html
diff -N philosophy/po/self-interest.zh-cn-en.html
--- /dev/null   1 Jan 1970 00:00:00 -0000
+++ philosophy/po/self-interest.zh-cn-en.html   20 Apr 2018 14:29:14 -0000      
1.1
@@ -0,0 +1,200 @@
+<!--#include virtual="/server/header.html" -->
+<!-- Parent-Version: 1.77 -->
+<title>Self-Interest
+- GNU Project - Free Software Foundation</title>
+<!--#include virtual="/philosophy/po/self-interest.translist" -->
+<!--#include virtual="/server/banner.html" -->
+<h2>Self-Interest</h2>
+
+<p>by <strong>Loyd Fueston</strong></p>
+
+<p>
+Is Self-Interest Sufficient to Organize a Free Economy?</p>
+
+<p>
+The quick answer is, &ldquo;No.&rdquo; And few of the better-known
+theoreticians of the free-market have ever thought that self-interest
+was, or even could be, sufficient to organize, or long maintain, a
+free economy.  Among those theoreticians, Adam Smith is often regarded
+as having been the primary philosopher of self-interest. In a book
+written to correct a number of misunderstandings of Smith's teachings,
+we find the following summaries of Smith's view about
+self-interest:</p>
+
+<blockquote><p>
+Far from being an individualist, Smith believed it is the influence
+of society that transforms people into moral beings. He thought that
+people often misjudge their own self-interest.
+</p></blockquote>
+
+<p>
+Even more directly to the point:</p>
+
+<blockquote><p>
+[Adam Smith] regarded the attempt to explain all human behavior on
+the basis of self-interest as analytically misguided and morally
+pernicious.
+</p></blockquote>
+
+<p>
+[Both quotes are from page 2 of &ldquo;Adam Smith: In His Time and
+Ours&rdquo;, Jerry Z. Muller, Princeton: Princeton University Press,
+1993.]</p>
+
+<p>
+As Adam Smith certainly realized, self-interest will be one of the
+principal forces organizing economic activities in any society, but
+that is as true of the most repressive or brutal society as it is of
+a relatively free and open society. Most of us will not like the
+results of self-interest untempered by a respect for other creatures.
+As a recent example, in running their country to the disadvantage of
+most Soviet citizens, the leaders of the Communist Party and of the
+Soviet military and intelligence services were advancing their own
+self-interests, at least as they understood or misunderstood those
+interests.</p>
+<p>
+The advantages enjoyed by Americans over citizens of the Soviet
+countries, and the advantages we still enjoy over the nominally free
+citizens of Russia and other eastern European countries, are those of
+a society organized to allow a high percentage of Americans to act in
+such a way as to serve both their self-interest and some substantial
+stock of moral principles. Not only our habits and customs, but also
+our positive laws &mdash; such as those of copyright &mdash; enter
+into that organization of our society, for good or bad, but not in a
+morally neutral manner.</p>
+<p>
+Self-interest is not necessarily evil, though it can lead people to act
+in morally reprehensible ways. The love of self, and the consequent
+development of self-interest, is one aspect of a creature who is also
+a social, and hence moral, being. Self-interest itself can serve
+moral interests in a free society so long as that society has the
+proper foundations. The elements of those foundations include not only
+a populace sharing a substantial body of moral beliefs and habits but
+also the formal political structures, positive laws, and accepted
+court decisions capable of supporting both social order and personal
+freedom. Once those are in place, and once they have been
+internalized by the bulk of the citizens, then self-interest will
+provide a fuel of sorts to keep an economy functioning effectively
+without leading to immoral results on the whole. The question is
+always: Is our society organized properly, in its positive laws and
+in the habits we teach our children and reinforce in ourselves, so that
+self-interest and moral principles do not generally come into
+conflict?</p>
+<p>
+Those people aware of modern mathematics or of programming techniques
+should appreciate the recursive, and inherently unstable, interactions
+between individual morality and social structure. To oversimplify in
+a useful manner: People with substantial moral beliefs organize
+societies along those beliefs and those societies then begin to form
+the habits and beliefs of children, immigrants, etc. according to
+those same beliefs. Always, it is a messy historical process which
+can be destroyed or rerouted into less desirable paths. There is
+inevitably a question as to whether we are straying from a proper path
+and also a question as to how robust the society is, i.e., how much
+of a disturbance it would take to destroy much of what is good about that
+society.</p>
+<p>
+Sometimes, good people will decide that something has gone wrong and
+it is time to fight for a moral principle even if it becomes necessary
+to sacrifice, or at least qualify, their own self-interest. In the
+words of Thomas Sowell, a free-market theorist of our time:</p>
+
+<blockquote><p>
+There are, of course, noneconomic values.  Indeed, there are
+<em>only</em> noneconomic values. Economics is not a value itself but
+merely a method of trading off one value against another.  If
+statements about &lsquo;noneconomic values&rsquo; (or, more
+specifically, &lsquo;social values&rsquo; or &lsquo;human
+values&rsquo;) are meant to deny the inherent reality of trade-offs,
+or to exempt some particular value from the trade-off process, then
+such selfless ideals can be no more effectively demonstrated than by
+trading off financial gains in the interest of such ideals. This is an
+economic trade-off. <tt>[from page 79 of &ldquo;Knowledge &amp;
+Decisions&rdquo;, Thomas Sowell, New York: Basic Books, 1980.]</tt>
+</p></blockquote>
+
+<p>
+In context, Professor Sowell was not arguing against those imputing
+some sort of moral power to self-interest; he was instead arguing
+against those who think there should be an easy path to the reform of
+a society which may have a particular moral defect. Those are two
+sides to the same coin &mdash; serving self-interest may put a person
+in conflict with moral values and the attempt to serve moral values
+may lead to some sacrifice of one's self-interest.</p>
+<p>
+Self-interest can be a powerful fuel for a society, at least when the
+citizens of that society are well-formed individuals, but there is
+no mystical or magical aspect to self-interest that guarantees moral
+results. Self-interest will lead to generally moral results to the
+extent that moral constraints, external but mostly internal, guide
+the actions of the self-interested parties. A society with the proper
+constraints does not come into existence by some act of magic, but
+rather by the acts of people who are aiming at a higher purpose, whether
+the preservation of liberty in the society as a whole or the
+preservation of a cooperative spirit within communities of
+programmers, or maybe both of those at the same time.</p>
+
+</div><!-- for id="content", starts in the include above -->
+<!--#include virtual="/server/footer.html" -->
+<div id="footer">
+<div class="unprintable">
+
+<p>Please send general FSF &amp; GNU inquiries to
+<a href="mailto:address@hidden";>&lt;address@hidden&gt;</a>.
+There are also <a href="/contact/">other ways to contact</a>
+the FSF.  Broken links and other corrections or suggestions can be sent
+to <a href="mailto:address@hidden";>&lt;address@hidden&gt;</a>.</p>
+
+<p><!-- TRANSLATORS: Ignore the original text in this paragraph,
+        replace it with the translation of these two:
+
+        We work hard and do our best to provide accurate, good quality
+        translations.  However, we are not exempt from imperfection.
+        Please send your comments and general suggestions in this regard
+        to <a href="mailto:address@hidden";>
+        &lt;address@hidden&gt;</a>.</p>
+
+        <p>For information on coordinating and submitting translations of
+        our web pages, see <a
+        href="/server/standards/README.translations.html">Translations
+        README</a>. -->
+Please see the <a
+href="/server/standards/README.translations.html">Translations
+README</a> for information on coordinating and submitting translations
+of this article.</p>
+</div>
+
+<!-- Regarding copyright, in general, standalone pages (as opposed to
+     files generated as part of manuals) on the GNU web server should
+     be under CC BY-ND 4.0.  Please do NOT change or remove this
+     without talking with the webmasters or licensing team first.
+     Please make sure the copyright date is consistent with the
+     document.  For web pages, it is ok to list just the latest year the
+     document was modified, or published.
+     
+     If you wish to list earlier years, that is ok too.
+     Either "2001, 2002, 2003" or "2001-2003" are ok for specifying
+     years, as long as each year in the range is in fact a copyrightable
+     year, i.e., a year in which the document was published (including
+     being publicly visible on the web or in a revision control system).
+     
+     There is more detail about copyright years in the GNU Maintainers
+     Information document, www.gnu.org/prep/maintain. -->
+
+<p>Copyright &copy; 1998 Loyd
+Fueston <a href="mailto:address@hidden";>&lt;address@hidden&gt;</a></p>
+
+<p>Verbatim copying and distribution of this entire article is
+permitted in any medium, provided this notice is preserved.</p>
+
+<!--#include virtual="/server/bottom-notes.html" -->
+
+<p class="unprintable">Updated:
+<!-- timestamp start -->
+$Date: 2018/04/20 14:29:14 $
+<!-- timestamp end -->
+</p>
+</div>
+</div>
+</body>
+</html>