www/philosophy/po self-interest.zh-cn.po

[Wensheng XIE]

CVSROOT:        /web/www
Module name:    www
Changes by:     Wensheng XIE <wxie>     18/04/20 09:58:25

Added files:
        philosophy/po  : self-interest.zh-cn.po 

Log message:
        zh-cn: new translation

CVSWeb URLs:
http://web.cvs.savannah.gnu.org/viewcvs/www/philosophy/po/self-interest.zh-cn.po?cvsroot=www&rev=1.1

Patches:
Index: self-interest.zh-cn.po
===================================================================
RCS file: self-interest.zh-cn.po
diff -N self-interest.zh-cn.po
--- /dev/null   1 Jan 1970 00:00:00 -0000
+++ self-interest.zh-cn.po      20 Apr 2018 13:58:25 -0000      1.1
@@ -0,0 +1,296 @@
+# Simplified Chinese translation of 
http://www.gnu.org/philosophy/self-interest.html
+# Copyright (C) 2018 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
+# This file is distributed under the same license as the original article.
+# 袁乙钧 <address@hidden>, 2011.
+# Wensheng Xie <address@hidden>, 2018.
+#
+msgid ""
+msgstr ""
+"Project-Id-Version: self-interest.html\n"
+"POT-Creation-Date: 2015-08-18 06:25+0000\n"
+"PO-Revision-Date: 2018-04-20 21:55+0800\n"
+"Last-Translator: Wensheng Xie <address@hidden>\n"
+"Language-Team: Chinese <address@hidden>\n"
+"Language: zh_CN\n"
+"MIME-Version: 1.0\n"
+"Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8\n"
+"Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit\n"
+
+#. type: Content of: <title>
+msgid "Self-Interest - GNU Project - Free Software Foundation"
+msgstr "利己主义 - GNU工程 - 自由软件基金会"
+
+#. type: Content of: <h2>
+msgid "Self-Interest"
+msgstr "利己主义"
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid "by <strong>Loyd Fueston</strong>"
+msgstr "<strong>Loyd Fueston</strong> 著"
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid "Is Self-Interest Sufficient to Organize a Free Economy?"
+msgstr "利己主义足够组织一个自由经济吗？"
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"The quick answer is, &ldquo;No.&rdquo; And few of the better-known "
+"theoreticians of the free-market have ever thought that self-interest was, "
+"or even could be, sufficient to organize, or long maintain, a free economy.  "
+"Among those theoreticians, Adam Smith is often regarded as having been the "
+"primary philosopher of self-interest. In a book written to correct a number "
+"of misunderstandings of Smith's teachings, we find the following summaries "
+"of Smith's view about self-interest:"
+msgstr ""
+"回答将是：&ldquo;不能&rdquo;。而且，没有一个知名的自由市场理论方面的专家会认"
+"为利己主义曾经、甚至有可能足以组织自由经济，或是将它维持一段时间。在这些理论"
+"家中，亚当．斯密经常被认为是利己主义的主要卫道士。但是在一本用来çº
 正对其教义"
+"的误解的书中，我们看到了对他的利己主义观点的如下综述："
+
+#. type: Content of: <blockquote><p>
+msgid ""
+"Far from being an individualist, Smith believed it is the influence of "
+"society that transforms people into moral beings. He thought that people "
+"often misjudge their own self-interest."
+msgstr ""
+"与成为个人主义者
相比，斯密认为是社会的影响将人转变为道德的生物。他认为人们经"
+"常高估了自己的个人利益。"
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid "Even more directly to the point:"
+msgstr "甚至还有更多直接的论述："
+
+#. type: Content of: <blockquote><p>
+msgid ""
+"[Adam Smith] regarded the attempt to explain all human behavior on the basis "
+"of self-interest as analytically misguided and morally pernicious."
+msgstr ""
+"[亚当．斯密]认为基于利己主义来解释人类行为的尝试是分析上的被误导，并且在道德"
+"上是有害的。"
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"[Both quotes are from page 2 of &ldquo;Adam Smith: In His Time and "
+"Ours&rdquo;, Jerry Z. Muller, Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1993.]"
+msgstr ""
+"[两文皆引自Jerry Z. 
Muller的&ldquo;亚当．斯密：他与我们的时代&rdquo;，第2页，"
+"普林斯顿：普林斯顿大学出版社，1993。]"
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"As Adam Smith certainly realized, self-interest will be one of the principal "
+"forces organizing economic activities in any society, but that is as true of "
+"the most repressive or brutal society as it is of a relatively free and open "
+"society. Most of us will not like the results of self-interest untempered by "
+"a respect for other creatures.  As a recent example, in running their "
+"country to the disadvantage of most Soviet citizens, the leaders of the "
+"Communist Party and of the Soviet military and intelligence services were "
+"advancing their own self-interests, at least as they understood or "
+"misunderstood those interests."
+msgstr ""
+"亚当．斯密显然意识到，利己主义在任何社会中都是组织经济活动的首要力量之一，æ—
 "
+"论在相对自由开放的社会中，还是在最压迫甚至是最残暴的社会中。我们大多数人都不"
+"ä¼šå–œæ¬¢ç¼ºä¹å¯¹ä»–äººå°Šæ•¬çš„åˆ©å·±ä¸»ä¹‰é€ 
成的后果。比如当下，苏联共产党和苏联军事及情"
+"报机构的头头们，在发展个人利益的同时，把苏联带到了对人民不利的境地，至少按ç
…§"
+"ä»–ä»¬å¯¹åˆ©ç›Šçš„ç†è§£æ¥è¯´æ˜¯è¿™æ ·ã€‚"
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"The advantages enjoyed by Americans over citizens of the Soviet countries, "
+"and the advantages we still enjoy over the nominally free citizens of Russia "
+"and other eastern European countries, are those of a society organized to "
+"allow a high percentage of Americans to act in such a way as to serve both "
+"their self-interest and some substantial stock of moral principles. Not only "
+"our habits and customs, but also our positive laws &mdash; such as those of "
+"copyright &mdash; enter into that organization of our society, for good or "
+"bad, but not in a morally neutral manner."
+msgstr ""
+"那些美国人民比苏联人民多得到过的好处，以及我们现在还有的、è¶
…过所谓的俄罗斯和"
+"其他东欧国家的自由å…
¬æ°‘的优势，来自一个社会；该社会组织å…
è®¸å¤§å¤šæ•°ç¾Žå›½äººè¡Œäº‹æ—¶"
+"满足个人利益，同时又不背离坚实的道德准则。不仅
æˆ‘ä»¬çš„é£Žä¿—ä¹ æƒ¯ï¼Œè€Œä¸”æˆ‘ä»¬çš„æ­£ç¡®"
+"法律&mdash;比如说那些对版权的规定&mdash;都进å…
¥åˆ°æˆ‘们的社会组织中，它们或好或"
+"坏，但绝不是道德中立。"
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"Self-interest is not necessarily evil, though it can lead people to act in "
+"morally reprehensible ways. The love of self, and the consequent development "
+"of self-interest, is one aspect of a creature who is also a social, and "
+"hence moral, being. Self-interest itself can serve moral interests in a free "
+"society so long as that society has the proper foundations. The elements of "
+"those foundations include not only a populace sharing a substantial body of "
+"moral beliefs and habits but also the formal political structures, positive "
+"laws, and accepted court decisions capable of supporting both social order "
+"and personal freedom. Once those are in place, and once they have been "
+"internalized by the bulk of the citizens, then self-interest will provide a "
+"fuel of sorts to keep an economy functioning effectively without leading to "
+"immoral results on the whole. The question is always: Is our society "
+"organized properly, in its positive laws and in the habits we teach our "
+"children and reinforce in ourselves, so that self-interest and moral "
+"principles do not generally come into conflict?"
+msgstr ""
+"利己主义不一定非是罪恶的，尽管它会驱使人们以应当受道德谴责的方式行事。对自己"
+"çš„å…³å¿ƒå’Œå› 
æ­¤è€Œæ¥çš„åˆ©å·±ä¸»ä¹‰çš„å‘å±•ï¼Œæ˜¯æˆ‘ä»¬ä½œä¸ºäººçš„ä¸€æ–¹é¢ï¼›å®ƒä¹Ÿå› 
而使人成为社会"
+"的、进而是道德的生物。只要这个社会有适当的基础，利己主义本身可以在自由社会为"
+"é“å¾·åˆ©ç›ŠæœåŠ¡ã€‚è¿™ç§åŸºç¡€çš„å…ƒç´ ä¸ä»…åŒ…
æ‹¬è®¤åŒåšå®žé“å¾·ä¿¡ä»°å’Œä¹ æƒ¯çš„äººæ°‘ï¼Œä¹ŸåŒ…æ‹¬æ­£å¼"
+"的政治结构、正确的法律，以及被接受的能够维护社会秩序和个人自由的法庭裁决。当"
+"这些基础都已å…
·å¤‡ï¼Œå¹¶ä¸”都已被大多数人铭记于心时，利己主义将成为从整体上使经济"
+"运转有效而不导致邪恶结果的燃料。问题是，我们的社会是否在正确的法律和我们教育"
+"å­©å­ä¸Žçº¦æŸè‡ªæˆ‘çš„ä¹ 
惯中被合理组织，从而利己主义与道德准则并不冲突了呢？"
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"Those people aware of modern mathematics or of programming techniques should "
+"appreciate the recursive, and inherently unstable, interactions between "
+"individual morality and social structure. To oversimplify in a useful "
+"manner: People with substantial moral beliefs organize societies along those "
+"beliefs and those societies then begin to form the habits and beliefs of "
+"children, immigrants, etc. according to those same beliefs. Always, it is a "
+"messy historical process which can be destroyed or rerouted into less "
+"desirable paths. There is inevitably a question as to whether we are "
+"straying from a proper path and also a question as to how robust the society "
+"is, i.e., how much of a disturbance it would take to destroy much of what is "
+"good about that society."
+msgstr ""
+"ç 
”究现代数学或是编程技术的人应当了解这种个人道德与社会结构间的递归的、天然不"
+"稳定的交互作用。简单地说，有坚定道德信仰的人以å…
¶ä¿¡ä»°æ¥ç»„织社会，然后社会又开"
+"å§‹æ ¹æ®è¿™äº›ä¿¡ä»°æ¥åŸ¹å…»å­©å­ä»¬ã€ç§»æ°‘ä»¬çš„ä¿¡ä»°ä¸Žä¹ 
惯，等等。当然，这是一个头绪纷繁"
+"的历史过程，经常会被打断或是被引导到å…
¶ä»–并不想要的路子上。不可避免地，有人会"
+"问，我们是不是正在偏离正确的路途；还有人问，这个社会有多少承受力，也就是，要"
+"多大的打击就会摧毁这个社会的优秀部分。"
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"Sometimes, good people will decide that something has gone wrong and it is "
+"time to fight for a moral principle even if it becomes necessary to "
+"sacrifice, or at least qualify, their own self-interest. In the words of "
+"Thomas Sowell, a free-market theorist of our time:"
+msgstr ""
+"有时候，好人会认为事情
出了差错，并开始为了某个道德准则而战斗，即使是有必
要牺"
+"牲或者
至少是限制他们自己的个人利益。用当代的自由市场理论家Thomas
 Sowell的话来"
+"说："
+
+#. type: Content of: <blockquote><p>
+msgid ""
+"There are, of course, noneconomic values.  Indeed, there are <em>only</em> "
+"noneconomic values. Economics is not a value itself but merely a method of "
+"trading off one value against another.  If statements about &lsquo;"
+"noneconomic values&rsquo; (or, more specifically, &lsquo;social "
+"values&rsquo; or &lsquo;human values&rsquo;) are meant to deny the inherent "
+"reality of trade-offs, or to exempt some particular value from the trade-off "
+"process, then such selfless ideals can be no more effectively demonstrated "
+"than by trading off financial gains in the interest of such ideals. This is "
+"an economic trade-off. <tt>[from page 79 of &ldquo;Knowledge &amp; "
+"Decisions&rdquo;, Thomas Sowell, New York: Basic Books, 1980.]</tt>"
+msgstr ""
+"世界上当然存在非经济的价值。实际
上，<em>只</em>存在非经济的价值。经济本身不是"
+"价值，只是一种价值交换的手段。如果有å…
³&lsquo;非经济价值&rsquo;（或者更具体地"
+"说，是&lsquo;社会价值&rsquo;或&lsquo;人类价值&rsquo;）的论断，是为了否认贸易"
+"的内在真实性，或是为了å…
é™¤è´¸æ˜“è¿‡ç¨‹ä¸­çš„ä¸€äº›ç‰¹æ®Šçš„ä»·å€¼ï¼Œé‚£ä¹ˆè¿™ç§æ— 私的理想只有"
+"通过为å…
¶èŽ·åˆ©çš„交易才能更有效地体现出来。这就是经济的贸易。<tt>[引自Thomas
 "
+"Sowell&ldquo;知识与选择&rdquo;第79页，New York：Basic 
Books，1980。]</tt>"
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"In context, Professor Sowell was not arguing against those imputing some "
+"sort of moral power to self-interest; he was instead arguing against those "
+"who think there should be an easy path to the reform of a society which may "
+"have a particular moral defect. Those are two sides to the same coin &mdash; "
+"serving self-interest may put a person in conflict with moral values and the "
+"attempt to serve moral values may lead to some sacrifice of one's self-"
+"interest."
+msgstr ""
+"在上下文中，Sowell教授并不是在反对那些为利己主义输å…
¥é“德力量的人；而是在反对"
+"那些认为存在一条能轻易改变有道德缺陷的社会的道路的人。他们是一个硬币的两面"
+"&mdash;维护个人利益可能会让人陷å…
¥ä¸Žé“德价值的冲突，而尝试维护道德价值则会导致"
+"一些个人利益的牺牲。"
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"Self-interest can be a powerful fuel for a society, at least when the "
+"citizens of that society are well-formed individuals, but there is no "
+"mystical or magical aspect to self-interest that guarantees moral results. "
+"Self-interest will lead to generally moral results to the extent that moral "
+"constraints, external but mostly internal, guide the actions of the self-"
+"interested parties. A society with the proper constraints does not come into "
+"existence by some act of magic, but rather by the acts of people who are "
+"aiming at a higher purpose, whether the preservation of liberty in the "
+"society as a whole or the preservation of a cooperative spirit within "
+"communities of programmers, or maybe both of those at the same time."
+msgstr ""
+"利己主义可以是社会的强劲燃料，至少当社会å…
¬æ°‘是经过良好教育的个体时是如此，但"
+"是利己主义没什么神奇或神秘的特性能保证道德的后果。利己主义产生的一般性道德后"
+"果，只能达到外部的、更多是内
部的道德约束能够指引该利益团体行动的范围。一个具"
+"æœ‰è‰¯å¥½çº¦æŸçš„ç¤¾ä¼šå¹¶ä¸é é­”æœ¯è€Œå­˜åœ¨ï¼Œè€Œæ˜¯é ç€çœ¼æ›´é«˜ç›®æ 
‡çš„äººä»¬çš„è¡ŒåŠ¨ï¼Œæ— 论是对整"
+"个社会自由的保护，还是对程序员社区合作精神的保留，亦或是二è€
…兼而有之。"
+
+#. TRANSLATORS: Use space (SPC) as msgstr if you don't have notes.
+#. type: Content of: <div>
+msgid "*GNUN-SLOT: TRANSLATOR'S NOTES*"
+msgstr " "
+
+#. type: Content of: <div><div><p>
+msgid ""
+"Please send general FSF &amp; GNU inquiries to <a 
href=\"mailto:address@hidden";
+"\">&lt;address@hidden&gt;</a>.  There are also <a href=\"/contact/\">other 
ways "
+"to contact</a> the FSF.  Broken links and other corrections or suggestions "
+"can be sent to <a href=\"mailto:address@hidden";>&lt;address@hidden"
+"org&gt;</a>."
+msgstr ""
+"请将有å…
³è‡ªç”±è½¯ä»¶åŸºé‡‘会（FSF）&amp;GNU的一般性问题发送到<a 
href=\"mailto:";
+"address@hidden">&lt;address@hidden&gt;</a>。也可以通过<a 
href=\"/contact/\">其他联"
+"系方法</a>联系自由软件基金会(FSF)ã€‚è¯·å°†æ— æ•ˆé“¾æŽ¥ï¼Œå…
¶ä»–错误或建议发送给<a href="
+"\"mailto:address@hidden";>&lt;address@hidden&gt;</a>。"
+
+#
+#
+#
+#.  TRANSLATORS: Ignore the original text in this paragraph,
+#.         replace it with the translation of these two:
+#.         We work hard and do our best to provide accurate, good quality
+#.         translations.  However, we are not exempt from imperfection.
+#.         Please send your comments and general suggestions in this regard
+#.         to <a href="mailto:address@hidden";>
+#.         &lt;address@hidden&gt;</a>.</p>
+#.         <p>For information on coordinating and submitting translations of
+#.         our web pages, see <a
+#.         href="/server/standards/README.translations.html">Translations
+#.         README</a>. 
+#. type: Content of: <div><div><p>
+msgid ""
+"Please see the <a href=\"/server/standards/README.translations.html"
+"\">Translations README</a> for information on coordinating and submitting "
+"translations of this article."
+msgstr ""
+"若您想翻译本文，请参看<a 
href=\"/server/standards/README.translations.html\">"
+"翻译须知</a>。"
+
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
+msgid ""
+"Copyright &copy; 1998 Loyd Fueston <a href=\"mailto:address@hidden";>&lt;"
+"address@hidden&gt;</a>"
+msgstr ""
+"Copyright &copy; 1998 Loyd Fueston <a href=\"mailto:address@hidden";>&lt;"
+"address@hidden&gt;</a>"
+
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
+msgid ""
+"Verbatim copying and distribution of this entire article is permitted in any "
+"medium, provided this notice is preserved."
+msgstr ""
+"本文允许在不变更文件内
容的前提下复制和发布到任何形式的媒体，但需保留此声明。"
+
+#. TRANSLATORS: Use space (SPC) as msgstr if you don't want credits.
+#. type: Content of: <div><div>
+msgid "*GNUN-SLOT: TRANSLATOR'S CREDITS*"
+msgstr ""
+"<b>翻译</b>：袁乙钧，2011。<a 
href=\"mailto:address@hidden";>&lt;address@hidden"
+"com&gt;</a><br></br>\n"
+"<b>å®¡æ ¡</b>：马雪萍<br></br>\n"
+"<b>翻译团队</b>：<a rel=\"team\" 
href=\"https://savannah.gnu.org/projects/";
+"www-zh-cn/\">&lt;CTT&gt;</a>，2018。"
+
+#.  timestamp start 
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
+msgid "Updated:"
+msgstr "最后更新："