www/gnu/po linux-and-gnu.zh-cn.po

[Wensheng XIE]

CVSROOT:        /web/www
Module name:    www
Changes by:     Wensheng XIE <wxie>     17/12/26 05:31:43

Added files:
        gnu/po         : linux-and-gnu.zh-cn.po 

Log message:
        zh-cn: new translation

CVSWeb URLs:
http://web.cvs.savannah.gnu.org/viewcvs/www/gnu/po/linux-and-gnu.zh-cn.po?cvsroot=www&rev=1.1

Patches:
Index: linux-and-gnu.zh-cn.po
===================================================================
RCS file: linux-and-gnu.zh-cn.po
diff -N linux-and-gnu.zh-cn.po
--- /dev/null   1 Jan 1970 00:00:00 -0000
+++ linux-and-gnu.zh-cn.po      26 Dec 2017 10:31:42 -0000      1.1
@@ -0,0 +1,507 @@
+# Simplified Chinese translation of https://www.gnu.org/gnu/linux-and-gnu.html
+# Copyright (C) 2017 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
+# This file is distributed under the same license as the original article.
+# 白若玉
+# Wensheng Xie <address@hidden>, 2017.
+#
+msgid ""
+msgstr ""
+"Project-Id-Version: linux-and-gnu.html\n"
+"POT-Creation-Date: 2017-09-04 10:56+0000\n"
+"PO-Revision-Date: 2017-12-26 12:10+0800\n"
+"Last-Translator: Wensheng Xie <address@hidden>\n"
+"Language-Team: Chinese <address@hidden>\n"
+"Language: zh_CN\n"
+"MIME-Version: 1.0\n"
+"Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8\n"
+"Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit\n"
+
+#. type: Content of: <title>
+msgid "Linux and GNU - GNU Project - Free Software Foundation"
+msgstr "Linux和GNU - GNU工程 - 自由软件基金会"
+
+#. type: Attribute 'content' of: <meta>
+msgid ""
+"GNU, FSF, Free Software Foundation, Linux, Emacs, GCC, Unix, Free Software, "
+"Operating System, GNU Kernel, HURD, GNU HURD, Hurd"
+msgstr ""
+"GNU、FSF、自由软件基金会、Linux、Emacs、GCC、Unix、自由软件、操作系统、GNUå†
…"
+"æ ¸ã€HURD、GNU HURD、Hurd"
+
+#. type: Attribute 'content' of: <meta>
+msgid ""
+"Since 1983, developing the free Unix style operating system GNU, so that "
+"computer users can have the freedom to share and improve the software they "
+"use."
+msgstr ""
+"自1983年以来，我们一直在开发自由的类Unix操作系统GNU，这æ
 ·è®¡ç®—机用户就能够拥有"
+"分享和改进他们使用的软件的自由。"
+
+#. type: Content of: <h2>
+msgid "Linux and the GNU System"
+msgstr "Linux和GNU系统"
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"<strong>by <a href=\"http://www.stallman.org/\";>Richard Stallman</a></strong>"
+msgstr ""
+"<strong><a href=\"http://www.stallman.org/\";>Richard Stallman</a></strong> 
著"
+
+#. type: Content of: <div><blockquote><p>
+msgid ""
+"For more information see also the <a href=\"/gnu/gnu-linux-faq.html\">GNU/"
+"Linux FAQ</a>, and <a href=\"/gnu/why-gnu-linux.html\">Why GNU/Linux?</a>"
+msgstr ""
+"更多信息，请同时参看<a 
href=\"/gnu/gnu-linux-faq.html\">GNU/Linux常见问题</a>"
+"和<a href=\"/gnu/why-gnu-linux.html\">为什么是GNU/Linux？</a>"
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"Many computer users run a modified version of <a href=\"/philosophy/"
+"categories.html#TheGNUsystem\">the GNU system</a> every day, without "
+"realizing it.  Through a peculiar turn of events, the version of GNU which "
+"is widely used today is often called &ldquo;Linux&rdquo;, and many of its "
+"users are <a href=\"/gnu/gnu-users-never-heard-of-gnu.html\"> not aware</a> "
+"that it is basically the GNU system, developed by the <a href=\"/gnu/gnu-"
+"history.html\">GNU Project</a>."
+msgstr ""
+"每天都有许多计算机用户使用一个被改动过的<a 
href=\"/philosophy/categories."
+"html#TheGNUsystem\">GNU系统</a>，但是他们并没有意识到。经过一系列的事件，现在"
+"被广泛使用的GNU版本则经常被称作&ldquo;Linux&rdquo;，而且许多用户并<a
 href=\"/"
+"gnu/gnu-users-never-heard-of-gnu.html\">不了解</a>它基本上就是GNU系统，是由"
+"<a href=\"/gnu/gnu-history.html\">GNU工程</a>开发的。"
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"There really is a Linux, and these people are using it, but it is just a "
+"part of the system they use.  Linux is the kernel: the program in the system "
+"that allocates the machine's resources to the other programs that you run.  "
+"The kernel is an essential part of an operating system, but useless by "
+"itself; it can only function in the context of a complete operating system.  "
+"Linux is normally used in combination with the GNU operating system: the "
+"whole system is basically GNU with Linux added, or GNU/Linux.  All the so-"
+"called &ldquo;Linux&rdquo; distributions are really distributions of GNU/"
+"Linux."
+msgstr ""
+"Linux确实存在，许多人都在使用它，但它仅仅
是所用系统的一部分。Linuxæ˜¯å†…æ ¸ï¼šå®ƒ"
+"æ˜¯ä¸ºä½ è¿è¡Œçš„å…¶ä»–ç¨‹åºåˆ†é…è®¡ç®—æœºèµ„æºçš„ç¨‹åºã€‚å†…æ 
¸æ˜¯æ“ä½œç³»ç»Ÿçš„基本部分，但是它自"
+"å·±å¹¶æ— 
用处；它只能在完整的操作系统框架下才能发挥作用。Linux一般和GNU操作系统"
+"一起使用：整个系统基本上就是GNUåŠ 
上Linux，或叫GNU/Linux。所有被叫做&ldquo;"
+"Linux&rdquo;的发行版实际上是GNU/Linux发行版。"
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"Many users do not understand the difference between the kernel, which is "
+"Linux, and the whole system, which they also call &ldquo;Linux&rdquo;.  The "
+"ambiguous use of the name doesn't help people understand.  These users often "
+"think that Linus Torvalds developed the whole operating system in 1991, with "
+"a bit of help."
+msgstr ""
+"许多用户并不了解作为内æ 
¸çš„Linux和也被称作&ldquo;Linux&rdquo;的整个系统的区"
+"åˆ«ã€‚è€Œä¸åŠ 
区别地使用该名称并不能帮助人们对此的理解。这些用户常常认为Linus
 "
+"Torvalds在1991年凭借一些帮助完成了整个操作系统的开发。"
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"Programmers generally know that Linux is a kernel.  But since they have "
+"generally heard the whole system called &ldquo;Linux&rdquo; as well, they "
+"often envisage a history that would justify naming the whole system after "
+"the kernel.  For example, many believe that once Linus Torvalds finished "
+"writing Linux, the kernel, its users looked around for other free software "
+"to go with it, and found that (for no particular reason)  most everything "
+"necessary to make a Unix-like system was already available."
+msgstr ""
+"程序员一般知道Linux是一个内æ 
¸ã€‚但是他们一般也听到整个系统叫&ldquo;"
+"Linux&rdquo;，他们通常会设想的历史是整个系统要以内æ 
¸å‘½åã€‚例如，许多人相信一"
+"旦Linus Torvalds完成了Linuxå†…æ ¸ï¼Œå…
¶ç”¨æˆ·å°±æœç´¢ä¸€äº›è‡ªç”±è½¯ä»¶æ¥å’Œå†…æ ¸ä¸€èµ·å·¥ä½œï¼Œæ­¤"
+"æ—¶ä»–ä»¬å‘çŽ°ï¼ˆæ²¡æœ‰ç‰¹åˆ«çš„åŽŸå› 
）构成一个类似Unix系统的大多数必要组件已经有了。"
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"What they found was no accident&mdash;it was the not-quite-complete GNU "
+"system.  The available <a href=\"/philosophy/free-sw.html\">free software</"
+"a> added up to a complete system because the GNU Project had been working "
+"since 1984 to make one.  In the <a href=\"/gnu/manifesto.html\"> GNU "
+"Manifesto</a> we set forth the goal of developing a free Unix-like system, "
+"called GNU.  The <a href=\"/gnu/initial-announcement.html\"> Initial "
+"Announcement</a> of the GNU Project also outlines some of the original plans "
+"for the GNU system. By the time Linux was started, GNU was almost finished."
+msgstr ""
+"他们的发现不是巧合&mdash;它正是还没有å…
¨éƒ¨å®Œæˆçš„GNU系统。这些已经完成的<a "
+"href=\"/philosophy/free-sw.html\">自由软件</a>åŠ 
åœ¨ä¸€èµ·å°±æž„æˆäº†å®Œæ•´çš„ç³»ç»Ÿï¼Œå› "
+"为GNU工程从1984年起就在做这件事。在<a 
href=\"/gnu/manifesto.html\">GNU宣言</"
+"a>中，我们已经阐明了开发一个自由的类似Unix的系统的目æ 
‡ï¼Œå®ƒå«åšGNU。GNU工程的"
+"<a 
href=\"/gnu/initial-announcement.html\">初始声明</a>也勾画了GNU系统的一些"
+"原始计划。在Linux开始时，GNUå‡ ä¹Žå·²ç»å®Œæˆã€‚"
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"Most free software projects have the goal of developing a particular program "
+"for a particular job.  For example, Linus Torvalds set out to write a Unix-"
+"like kernel (Linux); Donald Knuth set out to write a text formatter (TeX); "
+"Bob Scheifler set out to develop a window system (the X Window System). It's "
+"natural to measure the contribution of this kind of project by specific "
+"programs that came from the project."
+msgstr ""
+"大多数自由软件项目以完成某项具体工作为目æ 
‡ã€‚例如，Linus Torvalds编写一个类似"
+"Unixçš„å†…æ ¸ï¼ˆLinux）；Donald 
Knuth编写一个文本排版软件（TeX）；Bob Scheifler开"
+"发一个窗口系统（X 
Window系统）。测量该工程里各个程序的贡献是一件自然的事æƒ
…。"
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"If we tried to measure the GNU Project's contribution in this way, what "
+"would we conclude? One CD-ROM vendor found that in their &ldquo;Linux "
+"distribution&rdquo;, <a href=\"/philosophy/categories.html#GNUsoftware\">GNU "
+"software</a> was the largest single contingent, around 28% of the total "
+"source code, and this included some of the essential major components "
+"without which there could be no system.  Linux itself was about 3%.  (The "
+"proportions in 2008 are similar: in the &ldquo;main&rdquo; repository of "
+"gNewSense, Linux is 1.5% and GNU packages are 15%.)  So if you were going to "
+"pick a name for the system based on who wrote the programs in the system, "
+"the most appropriate single choice would be &ldquo;GNU&rdquo;."
+msgstr ""
+"如果我们这æ 
·æµ‹é‡GNU工程的贡献，我们会得出什么结论？一个CD-ROM提供商发现在他们"
+"的&ldquo;Linux发行版&rdquo;中，<a href=\"/philosophy/categories."
+"html#GNUsoftware\">GNU软件</a>å 
å•ä¸€æœ€å¤§çš„æ¯”é‡ï¼Œå¤§çº¦æ˜¯æ•´ä¸ªæºä»£ç çš„28%，其中包"
+"括一些å…
³é”®æ€§ä¸»è¦éƒ¨ä»¶ï¼Œæ²¡æœ‰å®ƒä»¬ï¼Œå°±æ²¡æœ‰æ•´ä¸ªç³»ç»Ÿã€‚Linuxè‡ªèº«å 
大约3%。（这个比例"
+"在2008年也差不多：在gNewSense的&ldquo;主&rdquo;库中，Linuxå 
1.5%，而GNUåŒ…å "
+"15%ã€‚ï¼‰æ‰€ä»¥å¦‚æžœä½ è¦æ ¹æ®è°çš„ä»£ç 
å¤šæ¥å‘½åç³»ç»Ÿï¼Œæœ€åˆé€‚的单个选择是&ldquo;"
+"GNU&rdquo;。"
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"But that is not the deepest way to consider the question.  The GNU Project "
+"was not, is not, a project to develop specific software packages.  It was "
+"not a project <a href=\"/software/gcc/\"> to develop a C compiler</a>, "
+"although we did that.  It was not a project to develop a text editor, "
+"although we developed one.  The GNU Project set out to develop <em>a "
+"complete free Unix-like system</em>: GNU."
+msgstr ""
+"但是这不是考虑此问题的最深刻方法。GNU工程过去不是、现在也不是，一个开发专门软"
+"件包的项目。它不是一个<a 
href=\"/software/gcc/\">开发C编译器</a>的工程，不过"
+"我们做了。它也不是一个开发文本编辑器的工程，我们也做了。GNU工程是要开发<em>一"
+"个完全自由的类似Unix的系统</em>：GNU。"
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"Many people have made major contributions to the free software in the "
+"system, and they all deserve credit for their software.  But the reason it "
+"is <em>an integrated system</em>&mdash;and not just a collection of useful "
+"programs&mdash;is because the GNU Project set out to make it one.  We made a "
+"list of the programs needed to make a <em>complete</em> free system, and we "
+"systematically found, wrote, or found people to write everything on the "
+"list.  We wrote essential but unexciting <a href=\"#unexciting\">(1)</a> "
+"components because you can't have a system without them.  Some of our system "
+"components, the programming tools, became popular on their own among "
+"programmers, but we wrote many components that are not tools <a href="
+"\"#nottools\">(2)</a>.  We even developed a chess game, GNU Chess, because a "
+"complete system needs games too."
+msgstr ""
+"许多人已经为系统中的自由软件作出了重大贡献，他们都应该获得荣誉。但GNU是<em>一"
+"个整合系统</em>&mdash;è€Œä¸æ˜¯ä¸€äº›å®žç”¨ç¨‹åºé›†åˆçš„åŽŸå› 
是，GNUå·¥ç¨‹çš„æœ€åˆç›®æ ‡å°±æ˜¯åš"
+"一个完整系统。我们曾经为完成一个<em>完整的</em>自由系统列了一个所需程序的æ¸
…"
+"单，而且我们系统地寻找、编写、或者征询别人编写清
单上的每一个程序。我们编写了"
+"关键的但是十分枯燥的<a 
href=\"#unexciting\">(1)</a>ä¸»è¦éƒ¨ä»¶ï¼Œå› ä¸ºè¿™æ˜¯ç³»ç»Ÿæ‰€å¿…"
+"需的。有些系统部件，比如编程工å…
·ï¼Œè‡ªå·±ä¹Ÿå˜æˆç¨‹åºå‘˜ä½¿ç”¨çš„流行工具，但是我们还"
+"编写了许多不是工具的部件<a 
href=\"#nottools\">(2)</a>。我们甚至还开发了一个国"
+"际象棋游戏，叫GNU Chessï¼Œå› 
为一个完整的系统也需要游戏。"
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"By the early 90s we had put together the whole system aside from the "
+"kernel.  We had also started a kernel, the <a href=\"/software/hurd/hurd.html"
+"\">GNU Hurd</a>, which runs on top of Mach.  Developing this kernel has been "
+"a lot harder than we expected; <a href=\"/software/hurd/hurd-and-linux.html"
+"\">the GNU Hurd started working reliably in 2001</a>, but it is a long way "
+"from being ready for people to use in general."
+msgstr ""
+"到了90年代初期，我们曾经把除了内æ 
¸ä»¥å¤–的东西放到一起组成了一个系统。我们也在"
+"å¼€å§‹å¼€å‘ä¸€ä¸ªå†…æ ¸ï¼Œç§°ä¸º<a href=\"/software/hurd/hurd.html\">GNU 
Hurd</a>，运行"
+"在Mach<sup><a href=\"#TransNote1\">1</a></sup>之上。开发这个内æ 
¸æ¯”我们预期的"
+"要难得多；<a href=\"/software/hurd/hurd-and-linux.html\">GNU 
Hurd在2001年开始"
+"可以稳定工作</a>，但是距离能够为人们正常使用还有很长的路要走。"
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"Fortunately, we didn't have to wait for the Hurd, because of Linux.  Once "
+"Torvalds freed Linux in 1992, it fit into the last major gap in the GNU "
+"system.  People could then <a href=\"http://ftp.funet.fi/pub/linux/";
+"historical/kernel/old-versions/RELNOTES-0.01\"> combine Linux with the GNU "
+"system</a> to make a complete free system &mdash; a version of the GNU "
+"system which also contained Linux.  The GNU/Linux system, in other words."
+msgstr ""
+"庆幸的是，我们不必再等Hurdäº†ï¼Œå› ä¸ºæœ‰äº†Linux。当Linus 
Torvalds在1992年使Linux"
+"成了自由软件，它填补了GNU系统的一个重要空白。人们可以<a
 href=\"http://ftp.";
+"funet.fi/pub/linux/historical/kernel/old-versions/RELNOTES-0.01\">把Linux和"
+"GNU系统结合起来</a>组成一个完整的自由系统&mdash;一个带有Linux的GNU系统。换句"
+"话说，就是GNU/Linux系统。"
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"Making them work well together was not a trivial job.  Some GNU components<a "
+"href=\"#somecomponents\">(3)</a> needed substantial change to work with "
+"Linux.  Integrating a complete system as a distribution that would work "
+"&ldquo;out of the box&rdquo; was a big job, too.  It required addressing the "
+"issue of how to install and boot the system&mdash;a problem we had not "
+"tackled, because we hadn't yet reached that point.  Thus, the people who "
+"developed the various system distributions did a lot of essential work.  But "
+"it was work that, in the nature of things, was surely going to be done by "
+"someone."
+msgstr ""
+"把它们组合到一起并不是一个简单的工作。有些GNU部件<a 
href=\"#somecomponents"
+"\">(3)</a>需要作大量的修改才能适应Linux。把系统集成到一个完整的发行版本中、使"
+"之&ldquo;能够直接安装
并工作&rdquo;也是一项艰巨的工作。它需要考虑如何安装和启"
+"动系统&mdash;æˆ‘ä»¬é‚£æ—¶è¿˜æœªå¤„ç†æ­¤é—®é¢˜ï¼Œå› 
ä¸ºæˆ‘ä»¬è¿˜æ²¡æœ‰èµ°åˆ°é‚£ä¸€æ­¥ã€‚å› æ­¤ï¼Œé‚£äº›å¼€å‘"
+"了不同的发行版的人们作出了许多重要的工作。但是这些工作的属性是，它们终究会被"
+"某些人做的。"
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"The GNU Project supports GNU/Linux systems as well as <em>the</em> GNU "
+"system.  The <a href=\"http://fsf.org/\";>FSF</a> funded the rewriting of the "
+"Linux-related extensions to the GNU C library, so that now they are well "
+"integrated, and the newest GNU/Linux systems use the current library release "
+"with no changes.  The FSF also funded an early stage of the development of "
+"Debian GNU/Linux."
+msgstr ""
+"GNU工程支持GNU/Linux系统，就象支持<em>其</em>GNUç³»ç»Ÿä¸€æ ·ã€‚<a 
href=\"http://";
+"fsf.org/\">FSF</a>为重写与Linux相关的GNU 
C库提供资金，以至于它们现在可以很好"
+"地集成在一起，最新版本的GNU/Linuxç³»ç»Ÿä½¿ç”¨å½“å‰åº“è€Œæ— 
需修改。FSF也为早期Debian "
+"GNU/Linux的开发提供资金。"
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"Today there are many different variants of the GNU/Linux system (often "
+"called &ldquo;distros&rdquo;).  Most of them include non-free software&mdash;"
+"their developers follow the philosophy associated with Linux rather than "
+"that of GNU.  But there are also <a href=\"/distros/distros.html"
+"\">completely free GNU/Linux distros</a>.  The FSF supports computer "
+"facilities for <a href=\"http://gnewsense.org/\";>gNewSense</a>."
+msgstr ""
+"今天有很多不同的GNU/Linux系统（通常叫做&ldquo;发行版&rdquo;）。它们大多数åŒ
…含"
+"了非自由软件&mdash;它们的开发者遵循的是和Linux相å…
³çš„哲学，而不是GNU的哲学。然"
+"而，也有<a href=\"/distros/distros.html\">完å…
¨è‡ªç”±çš„GNU/Linux发行版</a>。FSF"
+"支持和<a href=\"http://gnewsense.org/\";>gNewSense</a>发行版相å…
³çš„电脑及其周边"
+"件。"
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"Making a free GNU/Linux distribution is not just a matter of eliminating "
+"various non-free programs.  Nowadays, the usual version of Linux contains "
+"non-free programs too.  These programs are intended to be loaded into I/O "
+"devices when the system starts, and they are included, as long series of "
+"numbers, in the \"source code\" of Linux.  Thus, maintaining free GNU/Linux "
+"distributions now entails maintaining a <a href=\"http://directory.fsf.org/";
+"project/linux\"> free version of Linux</a> too."
+msgstr ""
+"制作一个自由的GNU/Linux发行版不止是剔除非自由软件。现在，常规的Linux版本也带"
+"æœ‰éžè‡ªç”±ç¨‹åºã€‚è¿™äº›ç¨‹åºä¼šåœ¨ç³»ç»Ÿå¯åŠ¨æ—¶åŠ è½½åˆ°I/O（输å…
¥è¾“出）设备，它们以很长的数"
+"字形式包含在Linux的&ldquo;源代ç 
&rdquo;中。所以，维护自由的GNU/Linux发行版现"
+"在承担着维护一个<a 
href=\"http://directory.fsf.org/project/linux\";>自由版"
+"Linux</a>的责任。"
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"Whether you use GNU/Linux or not, please don't confuse the public by using "
+"the name &ldquo;Linux&rdquo; ambiguously.  Linux is the kernel, one of the "
+"essential major components of the system.  The system as a whole is "
+"basically the GNU system, with Linux added.  When you're talking about this "
+"combination, please call it &ldquo;GNU/Linux&rdquo;."
+msgstr ""
+"æ— è®ºä½ æ˜¯å¦ä½¿ç”¨GNU/Linux，请不要含糊不清
地使用&ldquo;Linux&rdquo;这一名称来混"
+"淆大众。Linux是一个内æ 
¸ï¼Œæ˜¯ç³»ç»Ÿçš„主要基本部件之一。整个系统基本上是GNU系统，"
+"åŠ ä¸ŠLinuxã€‚å¦‚æžœä½ 
说的是这个组合，请称之为&ldquo;GNU/Linux&rdquo;。"
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"If you want to make a link on &ldquo;GNU/Linux&rdquo; for further reference, "
+"this page and <a href=\"/gnu/the-gnu-project.html\"> http://www.gnu.org/gnu/";
+"the-gnu-project.html</a> are good choices.  If you mention Linux, the "
+"kernel, and want to add a link for further reference, <a href=\"http://";
+"foldoc.org/linux\">http://foldoc.org/linux</a> is a good URL to use."
+msgstr ""
+"å¦‚æžœä½ æƒ³ä¸º&ldquo;GNU/Linux&rdquo;提供参考链接，本页面和<a 
href=\"/gnu/the-"
+"gnu-project.html\">http://www.gnu.org/gnu/the-gnu-project.html</a>是好的选"
+"æ‹©ã€‚å¦‚æžœä½ è¯´çš„æ˜¯ä½œä¸ºå†…æ 
¸çš„Linux，要为它提供参考链接，<a href=\"http://foldoc.";
+"org/linux\">http://foldoc.org/linux</a>是一个好的URL。"
+
+#. type: Content of: <h3>
+msgid "Postscripts"
+msgstr "后记"
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"Aside from GNU, one other project has independently produced a free Unix-"
+"like operating system.  This system is known as BSD, and it was developed at "
+"UC Berkeley.  It was non-free in the 80s, but became free in the early 90s.  "
+"A free operating system that exists today<a href=\"#newersystems\">(4)</a> "
+"is almost certainly either a variant of the GNU system, or a kind of BSD "
+"system."
+msgstr ""
+"除了GNU，还有一个独立进行的工程开发了一个自由的类似Unix的操作系统。这个系统是"
+"BSD，它是由UC 
Berkeley开发的。在80年代，BSD还不是自由的，但是它在90年代变成了"
+"自由软件。今天，一个自由的操作系统<a 
href=\"#newersystems\">(4)</a>差不多如果"
+"不是GNU系统的派生版本，就是BSD系统的派生版本。"
+
+#. type: Content of: <p>
+msgid ""
+"People sometimes ask whether BSD too is a version of GNU, like GNU/Linux.  "
+"The BSD developers were inspired to make their code free software by the "
+"example of the GNU Project, and explicit appeals from GNU activists helped "
+"persuade them, but the code had little overlap with GNU.  BSD systems today "
+"use some GNU programs, just as the GNU system and its variants use some BSD "
+"programs; however, taken as wholes, they are two different systems that "
+"evolved separately.  The BSD developers did not write a kernel and add it to "
+"the GNU system, and a name like GNU/BSD would not fit the situation.<a href="
+"\"#gnubsd\">(5)</a>"
+msgstr ""
+"人们有时会问BSD是否也是一个GNU的派生版本，像GNU/Linux那æ 
·ã€‚BSD的开发者受到GNU"
+"å·¥ç¨‹çš„æ¿€åŠ±è€Œå°†ä»–ä»¬çš„ä»£ç å˜æˆäº†è‡ªç”±è½¯ä»¶ï¼Œå°¤å…
¶å—到来自GNU的活动家的明确吸引和帮"
+"助，但是他们的代ç 
å’ŒGNU并不重合。BSD系统现在也使用一些GNU程序，正如GNU系统及"
+"其派生版使用一些BSD程序一æ 
·ï¼›ç„¶è€Œï¼Œæ•´ä½“来看，他们是两个独立发展的不同系统。"
+"BSDçš„å¼€å‘è€…å¹¶æ²¡ç¼–å†™ä¸€ä¸ªå†…æ ¸ï¼Œå¹¶å°†ä¹‹æ·»åŠ 
到GNU系统，进而起个譬如叫GNU/BSD的名"
+"字，并不是这个情况。<a href=\"#gnubsd\">(5)</a>"
+
+#. type: Content of: <h3>
+msgid "Notes:"
+msgstr "注："
+
+#. type: Content of: <ol><li>
+msgid ""
+"<a id=\"unexciting\"></a>These unexciting but essential components include "
+"the GNU assembler (GAS) and the linker (GLD), both are now part of the <a "
+"href=\"/software/binutils/\">GNU Binutils</a> package, <a href=\"/software/"
+"tar/\">GNU tar</a>, and many more."
+msgstr ""
+"<a id=\"unexciting\"></a>这些关键但枯燥的部件包
括GNU汇编器（GAS）和连接器"
+"（GLD），他们现在都是<a href=\"/software/binutils/\">GNU 
Binutils</a>软件包的"
+"一部分，以及<a href=\"/software/tar/\">GNU tar</a>，还有å…
¶ä»–许多软件。"
+
+#. type: Content of: <ol><li>
+msgid ""
+"<a id=\"nottools\"></a>For instance, The Bourne Again SHell (BASH), the "
+"PostScript interpreter <a href=\"/software/ghostscript/ghostscript.html"
+"\">Ghostscript</a>, and the <a href=\"/software/libc/libc.html\">GNU C "
+"library</a> are not programming tools.  Neither are GNUCash, GNOME, and GNU "
+"Chess."
+msgstr ""
+"<a id=\"nottools\"></a>比如，Bourne Again 
SHell（BASH），PostScript解释器<a "
+"href=\"/software/ghostscript/ghostscript.html\">Ghostscript</a>，和<a href="
+"\"/software/libc/libc.html\">GNU C库</a>都不是编程工å…
·ã€‚GNUCash、GNOME和GNU "
+"Chess也不是。"
+
+#. type: Content of: <ol><li>
+msgid ""
+"<a id=\"somecomponents\"></a>For instance, the <a href=\"/software/libc/libc."
+"html\">GNU C library</a>."
+msgstr ""
+"<a id=\"somecomponents\"></a>例如，<a 
href=\"/software/libc/libc.html\">GNU C"
+"库</a>。"
+
+#. type: Content of: <ol><li>
+msgid ""
+"<a id=\"newersystems\"></a>Since that was written, a nearly-all-free Windows-"
+"like system has been developed, but technically it is not at all like GNU or "
+"Unix, so it doesn't really affect this issue.  Most of the kernel of Solaris "
+"has been made free, but if you wanted to make a free system out of that, "
+"aside from replacing the missing parts of the kernel, you would also need to "
+"put it into GNU or BSD."
+msgstr ""
+"<a id=\"newersystems\"></a>è‡ªä»Žæœ¬æ–‡å‡ºç‰ˆä»¥æ¥ï¼Œæœ‰ä¸€ä¸ªå‡ ä¹Žå®Œå…
¨è‡ªç”±çš„类似Windows"
+"的系统已经开发完成，但是从技术上说，它æ 
¹æœ¬ä¸åƒGNU或Unix，所以它不影响这个问"
+"题。Solariså†…æ ¸çš„å¤§éƒ¨åˆ†éƒ½å˜æˆäº†è‡ªç”±è½¯ä»¶ï¼Œä½†æ˜¯å¦‚æžœä½ è¦æ 
¹æ®è¿™äº›åˆ¶ä½œä¸€ä¸ªè‡ªç”±ç³»"
+"ç»Ÿï¼Œé™¤äº†è¦æ·»åŠ å†…æ ¸ç¼ºå°‘çš„éƒ¨åˆ†ï¼Œä½ è¿˜éœ€è¦æŠŠå®ƒæ·»åŠ 
到GNU或BSD中去。"
+
+#. type: Content of: <ol><li>
+msgid ""
+"<a id=\"gnubsd\"></a>On the other hand, in the years since this article was "
+"written, the GNU C Library has been ported to several versions of the BSD "
+"kernel, which made it straightforward to combine the GNU system with that "
+"kernel.  Just as with GNU/Linux, these are indeed variants of GNU, and are "
+"therefore called, for instance, GNU/kFreeBSD and GNU/kNetBSD depending on "
+"the kernel of the system.  Ordinary users on typical desktops can hardly "
+"distinguish between GNU/Linux and GNU/*BSD."
+msgstr ""
+"<a id=\"gnubsd\"></a>另一方面，自从本文发表之后，GNU 
C库已经移植到多个BSDå†…æ ¸"
+"版本，这就使组合GNU系统和这些内æ 
¸å˜å¾—直截了当。正如GNU/Linuxä¸€æ ·ï¼Œè¿™äº›ä¹Ÿæ˜¯GNU"
+"ç³»ç»Ÿçš„æ´¾ç”Ÿç‰ˆæœ¬ï¼Œè€Œä¸”ä»–ä»¬ä¹Ÿå› æ­¤æ ¹æ®å†…æ 
¸çš„不同，被称为，比如，GNU/kFreeBSD和"
+"GNU/kNetBSD。普通桌面版本用户很难分辨出GNU/Linux和GNU/*BSD。"
+
+#. TRANSLATORS: Use space (SPC) as msgstr if you don't have notes.
+#. type: Content of: <div>
+msgid "*GNUN-SLOT: TRANSLATOR'S NOTES*"
+msgstr ""
+"<h3>译注</h3>\n"
+"<ol>\n"
+"<li id=\"TransNote1\">Mach，一个由卡内基.梅隆大学开发的微内æ 
¸ç³»ç»Ÿã€‚其中一个衍"
+"生版本成为GNU Hurdçš„å†…æ ¸ã€‚</li>\n"
+"</ol>"
+
+#. type: Content of: <div><div><p>
+msgid ""
+"Please send general FSF &amp; GNU inquiries to <a 
href=\"mailto:address@hidden";
+"\">&lt;address@hidden&gt;</a>.  There are also <a href=\"/contact/\">other 
ways "
+"to contact</a> the FSF.  Broken links and other corrections or suggestions "
+"can be sent to <a href=\"mailto:address@hidden";>&lt;address@hidden"
+"org&gt;</a>."
+msgstr ""
+"请将有关自由软件基金会(FSF) &amp; GNU 的一般性 &amp; 
问题发送到<a href="
+"\"mailto:address@hidden";>&lt;address@hidden&gt;</a>。也可以通过 <a 
href=\"/"
+"contact/\">其他联系方法</a> 联系自由软件基金会(FSF)ã€‚è¯·å°†æ— 
效链接，其他错误或"
+"建议发送给<a href=\"mailto:address@hidden";>&lt;address@hidden&gt;</"
+"a>。"
+
+#
+#
+#
+#.  TRANSLATORS: Ignore the original text in this paragraph,
+#.         replace it with the translation of these two:
+#.         We work hard and do our best to provide accurate, good quality
+#.         translations.  However, we are not exempt from imperfection.
+#.         Please send your comments and general suggestions in this regard
+#.         to <a href="mailto:address@hidden";>
+#.         &lt;address@hidden&gt;</a>.</p>
+#.         <p>For information on coordinating and submitting translations of
+#.         our web pages, see <a
+#.         href="/server/standards/README.translations.html">Translations
+#.         README</a>. 
+#. type: Content of: <div><div><p>
+msgid ""
+"Please see the <a href=\"/server/standards/README.translations.html"
+"\">Translations README</a> for information on coordinating and submitting "
+"translations of this article."
+msgstr ""
+"若您想翻译本文，请参看<a 
href=\"/server/standards/README.translations.html\">"
+"翻译须知</a>。"
+
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
+msgid ""
+"Copyright &copy; 1997, 1998, 1999, 2000, 2001, 2002, 2007, 2014, 2015, 2016, "
+"2017 Richard M. Stallman"
+msgstr ""
+"Copyright &copy; 1997, 1998, 1999, 2000, 2001, 2002, 2007, 2014, 2015, 2016, "
+"2017 Richard M. Stallman"
+
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
+msgid ""
+"This page is licensed under a <a rel=\"license\" href=\"http://";
+"creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nd/4.0/\">Creative Commons Attribution-"
+"NoDerivatives 4.0 International License</a>."
+msgstr ""
+"本页面使用<a rel=\"license\" 
href=\"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-";
+"nd/4.0/\">Creative Commons Attribution-NoDerivatives 4.0 International "
+"License</a>授权。"
+
+#. TRANSLATORS: Use space (SPC) as msgstr if you don't want credits.
+#. type: Content of: <div><div>
+msgid "*GNUN-SLOT: TRANSLATOR'S CREDITS*"
+msgstr ""
+"<b>翻译</b>: 白若玉<br></br>\n"
+"<b>å®¡æ ¡</b>: 刘昭宏<br></br>\n"
+"<b>翻译团队</b>：<a rel=\"team\" 
href=\"https://savannah.gnu.org/projects/";
+"www-zh-cn/\">&lt;CTT&gt;</a>，2017。"
+
+#.  timestamp start 
+#. type: Content of: <div><p>
+msgid "Updated:"
+msgstr "最后更新："