[Date Prev][Date Next][Thread Prev][Thread Next][Date Index][Thread Index]
www education/edu-software-tuxpaint.zh-cn.html ...
From: |
GNUN |
Subject: |
www education/edu-software-tuxpaint.zh-cn.html ... |
Date: |
Fri, 6 Oct 2017 11:58:56 -0400 (EDT) |
CVSROOT: /web/www
Module name: www
Changes by: GNUN <gnun> 17/10/06 11:58:56
Modified files:
education : edu-software-tuxpaint.zh-cn.html
education/po : edu-software-tuxpaint.translist
philosophy : free-sw.sr.html
philosophy/po : free-sw.sr.po
proprietary : proprietary-surveillance.de.html
proprietary/po : proprietary-surveillance.de-diff.html
Added files:
philosophy/po : free-sw.sr-en.html
Log message:
Automatic update by GNUnited Nations.
CVSWeb URLs:
http://web.cvs.savannah.gnu.org/viewcvs/www/education/edu-software-tuxpaint.zh-cn.html?cvsroot=www&r1=1.1&r2=1.2
http://web.cvs.savannah.gnu.org/viewcvs/www/education/po/edu-software-tuxpaint.translist?cvsroot=www&r1=1.21&r2=1.22
http://web.cvs.savannah.gnu.org/viewcvs/www/philosophy/free-sw.sr.html?cvsroot=www&r1=1.43&r2=1.44
http://web.cvs.savannah.gnu.org/viewcvs/www/philosophy/po/free-sw.sr.po?cvsroot=www&r1=1.67&r2=1.68
http://web.cvs.savannah.gnu.org/viewcvs/www/philosophy/po/free-sw.sr-en.html?cvsroot=www&rev=1.1
http://web.cvs.savannah.gnu.org/viewcvs/www/proprietary/proprietary-surveillance.de.html?cvsroot=www&r1=1.27&r2=1.28
http://web.cvs.savannah.gnu.org/viewcvs/www/proprietary/po/proprietary-surveillance.de-diff.html?cvsroot=www&r1=1.3&r2=1.4
Patches:
Index: education/edu-software-tuxpaint.zh-cn.html
===================================================================
RCS file: /web/www/www/education/edu-software-tuxpaint.zh-cn.html,v
retrieving revision 1.1
retrieving revision 1.2
diff -u -b -r1.1 -r1.2
--- education/edu-software-tuxpaint.zh-cn.html 6 Oct 2017 13:30:09 -0000
1.1
+++ education/edu-software-tuxpaint.zh-cn.html 6 Oct 2017 15:58:55 -0000
1.2
@@ -47,9 +47,9 @@
<div class="pict wide">
-<!-- GNUN: localize URL /education/misc/tuxpaint-start-sm.png,
/education/misc/tuxpaint-start.png -->
-<a href="/education/misc/tuxpaint-start.png">
-<img src="/education/misc/tuxpaint-start-sm.png"
+<!-- GNUN: localize URL /education/misc/tuxpaint-start-sm.zh-cn.png,
/education/misc/tuxpaint-start.zh-cn.png -->
+<a href="/education/misc/tuxpaint-start.zh-cn.png">
+<img src="/education/misc/tuxpaint-start-sm.zh-cn.png"
alt="Tux Paintçé¢çæªå±"/></a>
</div>
@@ -185,7 +185,7 @@
<p class="unprintable"><!-- timestamp start -->
æåæ´æ°ï¼
-$Date: 2017/10/06 13:30:09 $
+$Date: 2017/10/06 15:58:55 $
<!-- timestamp end -->
</p>
Index: education/po/edu-software-tuxpaint.translist
===================================================================
RCS file: /web/www/www/education/po/edu-software-tuxpaint.translist,v
retrieving revision 1.21
retrieving revision 1.22
diff -u -b -r1.21 -r1.22
--- education/po/edu-software-tuxpaint.translist 4 Oct 2017 17:59:20
-0000 1.21
+++ education/po/edu-software-tuxpaint.translist 6 Oct 2017 15:58:55
-0000 1.22
@@ -15,6 +15,7 @@
<span dir="ltr"><a lang="pt-br" hreflang="pt-br"
href="/education/edu-software-tuxpaint.pt-br.html">português do Brasil</a> [pt-br]</span>
<span dir="ltr"><a lang="ru" hreflang="ru"
href="/education/edu-software-tuxpaint.ru.html">ÑÑÑÑкий</a> [ru]</span>
<span dir="ltr"><a lang="uk" hreflang="uk"
href="/education/edu-software-tuxpaint.uk.html">ÑкÑаÑнÑÑка</a> [uk]</span>
+<span dir="ltr"><a lang="zh-cn" hreflang="zh-cn"
href="/education/edu-software-tuxpaint.zh-cn.html">ç®ä½ä¸æ</a> [zh-cn]</span>
</p>
</div>' -->
<link rel="alternate" type="text/html"
href="/education/edu-software-tuxpaint.html" hreflang="x-default" />
@@ -31,4 +32,5 @@
<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" lang="pt-br" hreflang="pt-br"
href="/education/edu-software-tuxpaint.pt-br.html" title="português do Brasil"
/>
<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" lang="ru" hreflang="ru"
href="/education/edu-software-tuxpaint.ru.html" title="ÑÑÑÑкий" />
<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" lang="uk" hreflang="uk"
href="/education/edu-software-tuxpaint.uk.html" title="ÑкÑаÑнÑÑка" />
+<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" lang="zh-cn" hreflang="zh-cn"
href="/education/edu-software-tuxpaint.zh-cn.html" title="ç®ä½ä¸æ" />
<!-- end translist file -->
Index: philosophy/free-sw.sr.html
===================================================================
RCS file: /web/www/www/philosophy/free-sw.sr.html,v
retrieving revision 1.43
retrieving revision 1.44
diff -u -b -r1.43 -r1.44
--- philosophy/free-sw.sr.html 11 Mar 2017 10:17:43 -0000 1.43
+++ philosophy/free-sw.sr.html 6 Oct 2017 15:58:55 -0000 1.44
@@ -1,9 +1,4 @@
-<!--#set var="PO_FILE"
- value='<a href="/philosophy/po/free-sw.sr.po">
- https://www.gnu.org/philosophy/po/free-sw.sr.po</a>'
- --><!--#set var="ORIGINAL_FILE" value="/philosophy/free-sw.html"
- --><!--#set var="DIFF_FILE" value=""
- --><!--#set var="OUTDATED_SINCE" value="2008-12-09" -->
+<!--#set var="ENGLISH_PAGE" value="/philosophy/free-sw.en.html" -->
<!--#include virtual="/server/header.sr.html" -->
<!-- Parent-Version: 1.79 -->
@@ -19,32 +14,51 @@
<!--#include virtual="/philosophy/po/free-sw.translist" -->
<!--#include virtual="/server/banner.sr.html" -->
-<!--#include virtual="/server/outdated.sr.html" -->
<h2>ШÑа Ñе Ñлободни ÑоÑÑвеÑ?</h2>
+<blockquote class="note" id="fsf-licensing"><p style="font-size: 80%">
+ÐмаÑе пиÑаÑе о лиÑенÑиÑаÑÑ Ñлободног
ÑоÑÑвеÑа на коÑе овде ниÑÑе наÑли
+одговоÑ? ÐогледаÑÑе <a
href="http://www.fsf.org/licensing">за виÑе
+инÑоÑмаÑиÑа о лиÑенÑиÑаÑÑ</a>, а Ñколико Ñе
Ñо неопÑ
одно можеÑе конÑакÑиÑаÑи
+ÐабаÑаÑоÑиÑи за ÑаглаÑноÑÑ ÐадÑжбине за
Ñлободан ÑоÑÑÐ²ÐµÑ Ð½Ð° <a
+href="mailto:address@hidden">address@hidden</a>.</p>
+</blockquote>
+
<h3>ÐеÑиниÑиÑа Ñлободног ÑоÑÑвеÑа</h3>
<blockquote>
<p>
-Ðи заÑÑÑпамо Ð¾Ð²Ð°ÐºÐ²Ñ Ð´ÐµÑиниÑиÑÑ Ñлободног
ÑоÑÑвеÑа да биÑмо ÑаÑно Ñказали на
-Ñо ÑÑа моÑа да иÑпÑÑава одÑеÑени
ÑоÑÑвеÑÑки пÑогÑам да би могао да Ñе ÑмаÑÑа
-Ñлободним ÑоÑÑвеÑом.
+ÐеÑиниÑиÑа Ñлободног ÑоÑÑвеÑа пÑедÑÑавÑа
кÑиÑеÑиÑÑм коÑи одÑеÑÑÑе да ли Ñе
+неки ÑоÑÑÐ²ÐµÑ Ñлободан. Са вÑемена на вÑеме
ажÑÑиÑами Ñе, да биÑмо ÑазÑаÑнили
+или одговоÑили на поÑÑавÑена пиÑаÑа.
ÐогледаÑÑе <a href="#History">одеÑак
+ÐÑÑоÑиÑа</a> иÑпод да биÑÑе видели ÑпиÑак
измена коÑе ÑÑ ÑÑиÑале на
+деÑиниÑиÑÑ Ñлободног ÑоÑÑвеÑа.
</p>
</blockquote>
<p>
-âСлободни ÑоÑÑвеÑâ (енгл. <em>free software</em>) Ñе
ÑÑÐ²Ð°Ñ Ñлободе, а не
-Ñене. Ðа биÑÑе боÑе ÑазÑмели на ÑÑа миÑлимо
(Ñ ÐµÐ½Ð³Ð»ÐµÑком Ñе пÑидев
-<em>free</em> двоÑмиÑлен â може да ознаÑава
âÑлободноâ, али и âбеÑплаÑноâ,
-пÑим. пÑев.), ÑÑебало би да на ÑеÑ
âÑлободноâ гледаÑе као Ñ ÑинÑагми
-âÑлободни говоÑâ (енгл. <em>free speech</em>), а не
као Ñ ÑинÑагми
-âбеÑплаÑно пивоâ (енгл. <em>free beer</em>).
+Слободан Ñе Ð¾Ð½Ð°Ñ ÑоÑÑÐ²ÐµÑ ÐºÐ¾Ñи поÑÑÑÑе
ÑÐ»Ð¾Ð±Ð¾Ð´Ñ ÐºÐ¾ÑиÑника и заÑедниÑÑ. ÐÑÑбо
+говоÑеÑи, Ñо знаÑи да <b>коÑиÑниÑи имаÑÑ
ÑÐ»Ð¾Ð±Ð¾Ð´Ñ Ð´Ð° покÑенÑ, Ñмноже,
+ÑаÑподеле, изÑÑаваÑÑ, меÑаÑÑ Ð¸ побоÑÑаваÑÑ
ÑоÑÑвеÑ</b>. То Ñе ÑÑÐ²Ð°Ñ Ñлободе,
+а не Ñене. Ðбог двознаÑноÑÑи поÑма âfreeâ
(Ñлободан и беÑплаÑан) из
+енглеÑког ми понекад позаÑмÑÑÑемо
ÑÑанÑÑÑÐºÑ Ð¸Ð»Ð¸ ÑпанÑÐºÑ ÑÐµÑ ÐºÐ°ÐºÐ¾ би ÑÑди
+ÑÑ
ваÑили да не говоÑимо о новÑÑ.
+</p>
+
+<p>
+Ðи водимо кампаÑÑ Ð·Ð° ове Ñлободе заÑо ÑÑо
иÑ
Ñвако заÑлÑжÑÑе. ÐаÑ
ваÑÑÑÑÑи
+Ñима коÑиÑник (како индивидÑално Ñако и
колекÑивно) ÑпÑавÑа пÑогÑамом и
+ониме ÑÑо он Ñади за ÑиÑ
. Ðада коÑиÑниÑи не
ÑпÑавÑаÑÑ Ð¿ÑогÑамом ми га
+називамо âнеÑлободнимâ или
âвлаÑниÑкимâ пÑогÑамом. ÐеÑлободан
пÑогÑам
+ÑпÑавÑа ÑвоÑим коÑиÑником, а пÑогÑамом
ÑпÑавÑа гÑадиÑÐµÑ ÑÑо га Ñини <a
+href="/philosophy/free-software-even-more-important.html">инÑÑÑÑменÑом
+непÑаведне Ñиле</a>.
</p>
+<h4> ЧеÑиÑи оÑновне Ñлободе</h4>
+
<p>
-Слободни ÑоÑÑÐ²ÐµÑ Ñе ÑÑÐ²Ð°Ñ Ñлободе
коÑиÑника да покÑеÑÑ, ÑмножаваÑÑ,
-ÑаÑподеÑÑÑÑ, пÑоÑÑаваÑÑ, меÑаÑÑ Ð¸
побоÑÑаваÑÑ ÑоÑÑвеÑ. ÐÑеÑизниÑе, он Ñе
-одноÑи на ÑеÑиÑи вÑÑÑе Ñлобода, коÑе Ñе
пÑÑжаÑÑ Ñеговим коÑиÑниÑима:
+ÐÑогÑам Ñе Ñлободан ако иÑпÑÑава ÑледеÑе
ÑеÑиÑи оÑновне коÑиÑникове Ñлободе:
</p>
<ul>
@@ -57,20 +71,42 @@
<li>Ð¡Ð»Ð¾Ð±Ð¾Ð´Ñ ÑаÑподеÑиваÑа пÑимеÑака
пÑогÑама, како биÑÑе могли да помогнеÑе
ближÑем (Ñлобода бÑÐ¾Ñ 2).
</li>
- <li>Ð¡Ð»Ð¾Ð±Ð¾Ð´Ñ Ð¿Ð¾Ð±Ð¾ÑÑаваÑа пÑогÑама и
обÑавÑиваÑа ваÑиÑ
измена Ñ ÑавноÑÑи, како
би
-Ñела заÑедниÑа имала коÑиÑÑи (Ñлобода бÑоÑ
3). ÐÑедÑÑлов за ово ÑеÑÑе
-обезбеÑиваÑе пÑиÑÑÑпа извоÑном кодÑ.
+ <li>Слобода да ÑаÑподеÑÑÑеÑе копиÑе ваÑиÑ
измена дÑÑгима (Ñлобода бÑоÑ
+3). РадеÑи ово даÑеÑе пÑÐ¸Ð»Ð¸ÐºÑ Ð´Ð° напÑедÑÑе
ÑÐµÐ»Ð¾Ñ Ð·Ð°ÑедниÑи кÑоз ваÑе
+измене. ÐÑедÑÑлов за ово Ñе пÑиÑÑÑп
извоÑном кодÑ.
</li>
</ul>
-<p>ÐÑогÑам Ñе Ñлободан ÑоÑÑÐ²ÐµÑ Ñколико Ñе
коÑиÑниÑима пÑÑжаÑÑ Ñве ове
-Ñлободе. Ðа ÑÐ°Ñ Ð½Ð°Ñин, дозвоÑено вам Ñе да
ÑаÑподеÑÑÑеÑе пÑимеÑке, Ñа или
-без измена, беÑплаÑно или Ñз наплаÑÑ
ÑаÑподеÑиваÑа, <a
-href="#exportcontrol">Ñвакоме, и било где</a>. ÐмаÑи
ÑÐ»Ð¾Ð±Ð¾Ð´Ñ Ð´Ð° Ñе Ñо Ñини
-знаÑи (измеÑÑ Ð¾ÑÑалог) да за Ñо не моÑаÑе да
ÑÑажиÑе Ð´Ð¾Ð·Ð²Ð¾Ð»Ñ Ð½Ð¸Ñи да за ÑÑ
-плаÑаÑе.
+<p>
+ÐÑогÑам Ñе Ñлободан ÑоÑÑÐ²ÐµÑ Ð°ÐºÐ¾ Ñвом
коÑиÑÐ½Ð¸ÐºÑ Ð¾Ð±ÐµÐ·Ð±ÐµÑÑÑе Ñве наведене
+Ñлободе. У ÑÑпÑоÑном Ñе неÑлободан. Ðако
можемо ÑазликоваÑи ÑазлиÑиÑе
+неÑлободне наÑине ÑаÑподеле по Ñоме
колико им Ñали да би били Ñлободни
+ÑмаÑÑамо иÑ
Ñеднако нееÑиÑиким.</p>
+
+<p>У било ком ÑлÑÑаÑÑ, ове Ñлободе моÑаÑÑ
важиÑи за код коÑи намеÑавамо да
+коÑиÑÑимо, или наведемо дÑÑге да га
коÑиÑÑе. Ðа пÑимеÑ, Ñколико пÑогÑам Ð
+аÑÑомаÑÑки покÑеÑе пÑогÑам Ð. Ðко
планиÑамо да ÑаÑподеÑÑÑемо пÑогÑам Ркао
+Ñакав Ñо знаÑи да Ñе Ñеговим коÑиÑниÑима
биÑи поÑÑебан и пÑогÑам Ð, Ñе
+моÑамо ÑÑдиÑи на оÑÐ½Ð¾Ð²Ñ Ñога да ли ÑÑ Ð Ð¸ Ð
Ñлободни. Уколико планиÑамо да
+изменимо Ð Ñако да не коÑиÑÑи Ð Ñамо РмоÑа
биÑи Ñлободан; РниÑе
+ÑелеванÑан.</p>
+
+<p>
+âСлободни ÑоÑÑвеÑâ ниÑе и
âнекомеÑÑиÑаланâ. Слободни пÑогÑам моÑа
биÑи
+доÑÑÑпан за комеÑÑиÑÐ°Ð»Ð½Ñ ÑпоÑÑебÑ,
комеÑÑиÑални ÑÐ°Ð·Ð²Ð¾Ñ Ð¿ÑогÑама и
+комеÑÑиÑÐ°Ð»Ð½Ñ ÑаÑподелÑ. ÐомеÑÑиÑални
ÑÐ°Ð·Ð²Ð¾Ñ Ñлободног ÑоÑÑвеÑа виÑе ниÑе
+неÑобиÑаÑен. Такав, Ñлободан, комеÑÑиÑални
ÑоÑÑÐ²ÐµÑ Ñе веома биÑан. СÑога,
+можда ÑеÑе плаÑаÑи новÑани Ð¸Ð·Ð½Ð¾Ñ Ð·Ð°
пÑимеÑке Ñлободног ÑоÑÑвеÑа, или ÑеÑе иÑ
+набавÑаÑи беÑплаÑно. Ðли без обзиÑа на Ñо
како ÑÑе доÑли до ваÑег пÑимеÑка,
+Ñвек ÑеÑе моÑи да ÑмножаваÑе и меÑаÑе
ÑоÑÑвеÑ, па Ñак и да га <a
+href="/philosophy/selling.html">пÑодаÑеÑе</a>.
</p>
+<p>ÐÑÑаÑак ÑÑÑаниÑе ÑазÑаÑÑава одÑеÑене
аÑгÑменÑе о Ñоме ÑÑа Ñини одÑеÑене
+Ñлободе доÑÑоÑним.</p>
+
+<h4>Слобода да покÑенеÑе пÑогÑам онако како
желиÑе</h4>
+
<p>
Слобода коÑиÑÑеÑа пÑогÑама пÑедÑÑавÑа
Ð´Ð¾Ð·Ð²Ð¾Ð»Ñ ÑÐ²Ð°ÐºÐ¾Ñ Ð¾Ñоби или оÑганизаÑиÑи
да га коÑиÑÑи на било ÐºÐ°ÐºÐ²Ð¾Ñ Ð²ÑÑÑи
ÑаÑÑнаÑÑког ÑиÑÑема, за било коÑÑ Ð²ÑÑÑÑ
@@ -82,6 +118,54 @@
</p>
<p>
+Слобода да покÑенеÑе пÑогÑам онако како
желиÑе знаÑи да вам ниÑе забÑаÑено
+или онемогÑÑено да га покÑенеÑе. Ðво нема
везе за Ñеговом ÑÑнкÑионалноÑÑÑ,
+без обзиÑа на Ñо да ли га Ñе ÑеÑ
ниÑки
могÑÑе покÑенÑÑи Ñ Ð´Ð°Ñом окÑÑжеÑÑ Ð¸Ð»Ð¸
+да ли Ñе коÑиÑÑан за даÑÑ Ð´ÐµÐ»Ð°ÑноÑÑ
ÑаÑÑнаÑÑÑва.</p>
+
+<h4>Слобода да изÑÑаваÑе извоÑни код и да на
ÑÐµÐ¼Ñ Ð²ÑÑиÑе пÑомене</h4>
+
+<p>
+Ðа би Ñлободе бÑÐ¾Ñ 1 и 3 (Ñлободе да Ñе
измене пÑаве и обÑавÑÑÑÑ) имале
+ÑмиÑла моÑаÑе имаÑе пÑиÑÑÑп извоÑном кодÑ
пÑогÑама. Ðбог Ñога, пÑиÑÑÑпаÑноÑÑ
+извоÑном ÐºÐ¾Ð´Ñ Ñе неопÑ
одан ÑÑлов за
Ñлободни ÑоÑÑвеÑ. ÐаÑкиÑани âизвоÑни
+кодâ ниÑе пÑави Ñе Ñе не ÑмаÑÑа извоÑним
кодом.
+</p>
+
+<p>
+Слобода бÑÐ¾Ñ 1 ÑкÑÑÑÑÑе ÑÐ»Ð¾Ð±Ð¾Ð´Ñ Ð´Ð°
покÑеÑеÑе измеÑÐµÐ½Ñ Ð²ÐµÑзиÑÑ ÑмеÑÑо
+оÑигинала. Ðко Ñе пÑогÑам доÑÑавÑен Ñ
пÑÐ¾Ð¸Ð·Ð²Ð¾Ð´Ñ Ð½Ð°Ð¼ÐµÑеном Ñако да дÑÑги
+покÑеÑÑ ÑÑÑе измеÑене веÑзиÑе али
одбиÑаÑÑ Ð´Ð° покÑÐµÐ½Ñ Ð²Ð°ÑÑ Ð²ÐµÑзиÑÑ —
+поÑÑÑпак Ð¿Ð¾Ð·Ð½Ð°Ñ ÐºÐ°Ð¾ âÑиовизаÑиÑаâ или
âзакÑÑÑаваÑеâ или (по иÑкваÑеном
+ÑеÑÐ½Ð¸ÐºÑ Ð¸Ð·Ð²ÑÑилаÑа Ñог поÑÑÑпка) âsecure bootâ
— Ñе Ñлобода бÑÐ¾Ñ 1
+поÑÑаÑе пÑазна пÑеÑензиÑа ÑмеÑÑо
пÑакÑиÑне ÑÑваÑноÑÑи. Ðве бинаÑне даÑоÑеке
+ниÑÑ Ñлободни ÑоÑÑÐ²ÐµÑ Ð±ÐµÐ· обзиÑа на Ñо ÑÑо
Ñе ÑиÑ
ов извоÑни код Ñлободан.
+</p>
+
+<p>
+Ðажан наÑин за измеÑиваÑе пÑогÑама Ñе
ÑпаÑаÑе доÑÑÑпниÑ
ÑлободниÑ
+подпÑоÑедÑÑа и модÑла. Ðко лиÑенÑа
пÑогÑама каже да не можеÑе извÑÑиÑи
+ÑпаÑаÑе Ñа модÑлом лиÑенÑиÑаним на
одговаÑаÑÑÑи наÑин — на пÑимеÑ, ако
+заÑ
Ñева да бÑдеÑе влаÑник аÑÑоÑÑкиÑ
пÑава
кода коÑи додаÑеÑе — онда Ñе
+она пÑевиÑе огÑаниÑаваÑÑÑа да би Ñе
ÑмаÑÑала Ñлободном.
+</p>
+
+<p>
+Ðа ли пÑомена доводи до побоÑÑаÑа пÑогÑама
Ñе лиÑни ÑкÑÑ. Ðко Ñе ваÑе пÑаво
+да измениÑе пÑогÑам огÑаниÑено, Ñ ÑÑÑÑини,
на оне измене коÑе неко ÑмаÑÑа
+побоÑÑаÑем ÑÐ°Ñ Ð¿ÑогÑам ниÑе Ñлободан.
+</p>
+
+<h4>Слобода да ÑаÑподеÑÑÑеÑе пÑогÑам ако
желиÑе: оÑновни заÑ
Ñеви</h4>
+
+<p>Слобода да ÑаÑподеÑÑÑеÑе (Ñлободе бÑÐ¾Ñ 2
и 3) знаÑи да ÑÑе Ñлободни да
+делиÑе копиÑе, Ñа или без измена, беÑплаÑно
или Ñз новÑÐ°Ð½Ñ Ð½Ð°Ð´Ð¾ÐºÐ½Ð°Ð´Ñ, <a
+href="#exportcontrol">било коме, било где</a>. То ÑÑо
ÑÑе Ñлободни знаÑи
+(измеÑÑ Ð¾ÑÑалог) да не моÑаÑе да ÑÑажиÑе
или плаÑиÑе Ð´Ð¾Ð·Ð²Ð¾Ð»Ñ Ð´Ð° биÑÑе Ñо
+Ñадили.
+</p>
+
+<p>
ÐозвоÑено вам Ñе да меÑаÑе Ñакве пÑогÑаме
и да ваÑе измене коÑиÑÑиÑе
пÑиваÑно, Ñ Ð²Ð°Ñем поÑÐ»Ñ Ð¸Ð»Ð¸ игÑи, Ñак и без
ÑиÑ
овог помиÑаÑа
дÑÑгима. Уколико ипак обÑавиÑе ваÑе
измене, од Ð²Ð°Ñ Ñе не заÑ
Ñева да икога
@@ -89,6 +173,15 @@
</p>
<p>
+Слобода 3 ÑкÑÑÑÑÑе ÑÐ»Ð¾Ð±Ð¾Ð´Ñ Ð´Ð° обÑавиÑе
измеÑÐµÐ½Ñ Ð²ÐµÑзиÑÑ ÐºÐ°Ð¾ Ñлободан
+ÑоÑÑвеÑ. Слободна лиÑенÑа може ÑакоÑе да
дозволи дÑÑге наÑине обÑавÑиваÑа,
+Ñе дÑÑгим ÑеÑима, не моÑа биÑи <a
+href="/copyleft/copyleft.html">копилеÑÑ</a> лиÑенÑа.
ÐеÑÑÑим, она лиÑенÑа
+коÑа заÑ
Ñева да измеÑене веÑзиÑе не бÑдÑ
Ñлободне Ñе не може ÑмаÑÑаÑи
+Ñлободном.
+</p>
+
+<p>
Слобода ÑаÑподеле пÑимеÑака моÑа да
ÑкÑÑÑÑÑе бинаÑне или извÑÑне облике
пÑогÑама, али и извоÑни код, како за
неизмеÑене, Ñако и за измеÑене веÑзиÑе
пÑогÑама. (РаÑподела пÑогÑама Ñ Ð¸Ð·Ð²ÑÑном
Ð¾Ð±Ð»Ð¸ÐºÑ Ñе неопÑ
одна за згодно
@@ -99,69 +192,58 @@
они напÑаве.
</p>
-<p>
-Ðа би Ñлободе меÑаÑа и обÑавÑиваÑа
побоÑÑаниÑ
веÑзиÑа имале ÑмиÑла, моÑа
-биÑи обезбеÑен пÑиÑÑÑп извоÑном кодÑ
пÑогÑама. СÑога Ñе неопÑ
одан ÑÑлов за
-поÑÑоÑаÑе Ñлободног ÑоÑÑвеÑа доÑÑÑпноÑÑ
извоÑног кода.
-</p>
+<h4>ÐопилеÑÑ</h4>
<p>
-Ðажан наÑин на коÑи Ñе пÑогÑам може меÑаÑи
Ñе ÑпаÑаÑем доÑÑÑпниÑ
ÑлободниÑ
-поÑпÑоÑедÑÑа и модÑла. Ðко лиÑенÑа
пÑогÑама не дозвоÑава ÑпаÑаÑе поÑÑоÑеÑег
-модÑла, нпÑ. заÑ
ÑеваÑÑÑи од Ð²Ð°Ñ Ð´Ð° бÑдеÑе
ноÑÐ¸Ð»Ð°Ñ Ð°ÑÑоÑÑкиÑ
пÑава за Ñав код
-коÑи додаÑе, онда Ñе Ñаква лиÑенÑа пÑевиÑе
ÑеÑÑÑикÑивна да би могла да Ñе
-назове Ñлободном.
+ÐÑиÑ
ваÑÑиве ÑÑ Ð¾Ð´ÑеÑене вÑÑÑе пÑавила о
наÑÐ¸Ð½Ñ ÑаÑподеле Ñлободног ÑоÑÑвеÑа,
+али Ñамо ако не долазе Ñ ÑÑкоб Ñа оÑновним
Ñлободама. Ðа пÑимеÑ, <a
+href="/copyleft/copyleft.html">копилеÑÑ</a> Ñе (пÑоÑÑо
ÑеÑено) пÑавило коÑе
+налаже да пÑиликом ÑаÑподеле пÑогÑама не
можеÑе да додаÑе огÑаниÑеÑа коÑа би
+дÑÑгима ÑÑкÑаÑиле оÑновне Ñлободе. Ðво
пÑавило не долази Ñ ÑÑкоб Ñа оÑновним
+Ñлободама, Ð²ÐµÑ Ð¸Ñ
, напÑоÑив, ÑÑиÑи.
</p>
<p>
-Ðако би ове Ñлободе заживеле, оне моÑаÑÑ Ð´Ð°
бÑÐ´Ñ Ð½ÐµÐ¾Ð¿Ð¾Ð·Ð¸Ð²Ðµ, Ñве док не
-ÑиниÑе ниÑÑа лоÑе. Уколико Ñе гÑадиÑеÑÑ
ÑоÑÑвеÑа допÑÑÑено да опозове
-лиÑенÑÑ, без икаквог повода Ñа ваÑе ÑÑÑане,
Ñакав ÑоÑÑÐ²ÐµÑ Ð½Ð¸Ñе Ñлободан.
+Ðи Ñ ÐÑоÑекÑÑ ÐÐУ коÑиÑÑимо âкопилеÑÑâ
како биÑмо легално заÑÑиÑили Ñе
+Ñлободе за Ñве. Ðи ÑмаÑÑамо да поÑÑоÑе
биÑни Ñазлози заÑÑо Ñе <a
+href="/philosophy/pragmatic.html">боÑе коÑиÑÑиÑи
копилеÑÑ</a>. ÐеÑÑÑим, <a
+href="/philosophy/categories.html#Non-CopyleftedFreeSoftware">некопилеÑÑовани
+Ñлободни ÑоÑÑвеÑ</a> Ñе ÑакоÑе еÑиÑки.
ÐогледаÑÑе <a
+href="/philosophy/categories.html">ÐÑÑÑе Ñлободног
ÑоÑÑвеÑа</a> за Ð¾Ð¿Ð¸Ñ Ð¾
+Ñоме како âÑлободни ÑоÑÑвеÑâ,
âкопилеÑÑовани ÑоÑÑвеÑâ и оÑÑале вÑÑÑе
имаÑÑ
+везе Ñедне Ñа дÑÑгима.
</p>
-<p>
-ÐеÑÑÑим, пÑиÑ
ваÑÑиве ÑÑ Ð¾Ð´ÑеÑене вÑÑÑе
пÑавила о наÑÐ¸Ð½Ñ ÑаÑподеле Ñлободног
-ÑоÑÑвеÑа, али Ñамо ако не долазе Ñ ÑÑкоб Ñа
оÑновним Ñлободама. Ðа пÑимеÑ,
-<a href="/copyleft/copyleft.html">копилеÑÑ</a> Ñе (пÑоÑÑо
ÑеÑено) пÑавило
-коÑе налаже да пÑиликом ÑаÑподеле
пÑогÑама не можеÑе да додаÑе огÑаниÑеÑа
-коÑа би дÑÑгима ÑÑкÑаÑиле оÑновне Ñлободе.
Ðво пÑавило не долази Ñ ÑÑкоб Ñа
-оÑновним Ñлободама, Ð²ÐµÑ Ð¸Ñ
, напÑоÑив, ÑÑиÑи.
-</p>
+<h4>ÐÑавила за пÑаковаÑе и деÑаÑи
ÑаÑподеÑиваÑа</h4>
<p>
-Ðи Ñ ÐÑоÑекÑÑ ÐÐУ коÑиÑÑимо âкопилеÑÑâ
како биÑмо легално заÑÑиÑили Ñе
-Ñлободе за Ñве. Ðли, поÑÑоÑи и <a
-href="/philosophy/categories.html#Non-CopyleftedFreeSoftware">некопилеÑÑован
-Ñлободни ÑоÑÑвеÑ</a>. Ðи ÑмаÑÑамо да поÑÑоÑе
биÑни Ñазлози заÑÑо Ñе <a
-href="/philosophy/pragmatic.html">боÑе коÑиÑÑиÑи
копилеÑÑ</a>, али Ñколико
-Ñе Ð²Ð°Ñ Ð¿ÑогÑам некопилеÑÑован Ñлободни
ÑоÑÑвеÑ, ми Ñемо га и Ñада
-коÑиÑÑиÑи. ÐогледаÑÑе <a
href="/philosophy/categories.html">ÐÑÑÑе Ñлободног
-ÑоÑÑвеÑа</a> за Ð¾Ð¿Ð¸Ñ Ð¾Ð´Ð½Ð¾Ñа измеÑÑ
âÑлободног ÑоÑÑвеÑаâ, âкопилеÑоÑваног
-ÑоÑÑвеÑаâ и дÑÑгиÑ
каÑегоÑиÑа ÑоÑÑвеÑа.
+ÐÑавила за паковаÑе измеÑене веÑзиÑе ÑÑ
пÑиÑ
ваÑÑива ако не огÑаниÑаваÑÑ Ð²Ð°ÑÑ
+ÑÐ»Ð¾Ð±Ð¾Ð´Ñ Ð´Ð° обÑавÑÑÑеÑе измеÑене веÑзиÑе,
или ваÑÑ ÑÐ»Ð¾Ð±Ð¾Ð´Ñ Ð´Ð° лиÑно коÑиÑÑиÑе
+измеÑене веÑзиÑе. ÐÑиÑ
ваÑÑиво Ñе да
лиÑенÑа заÑ
Ñева од Ð²Ð°Ñ Ð´Ð° пÑомениÑе
+назив, ÑклониÑе лого или да изменÑ
ÑмаÑÑаÑе ваÑом. Ðокле год даÑи заÑ
Ñеви
+ниÑÑ Ñолико напоÑни да Ð²Ð°Ñ ÑакÑиÑки
ÑпÑÑаваÑÑ Ñ Ð¾Ð±ÑавÑиваÑÑ Ð¸Ð·Ð¼ÐµÐ½Ð°, ÑмаÑÑаÑÑ
+Ñе пÑиÑ
ваÑÑивим, Ð²ÐµÑ Ð¿ÑавиÑе дÑÑге измене
над пÑогÑамом Ñе неÑеÑе ни имаÑи
+пÑоблема.
</p>
<p>
-âСлободни ÑоÑÑвеÑâ ниÑе и
âнекомеÑÑиÑаланâ. Слободни пÑогÑам моÑа
биÑи
-доÑÑÑпан за комеÑÑиÑÐ°Ð»Ð½Ñ ÑпоÑÑебÑ,
комеÑÑиÑални ÑÐ°Ð·Ð²Ð¾Ñ Ð¿ÑогÑама и
-комеÑÑиÑÐ°Ð»Ð½Ñ ÑаÑподелÑ. ÐомеÑÑиÑални
ÑÐ°Ð·Ð²Ð¾Ñ Ñлободног ÑоÑÑвеÑа виÑе ниÑе
-неÑобиÑаÑен. Такав, Ñлободан, комеÑÑиÑални
ÑоÑÑÐ²ÐµÑ Ñе веома биÑан. СÑога,
-можда ÑеÑе плаÑаÑи новÑани Ð¸Ð·Ð½Ð¾Ñ Ð·Ð°
пÑимеÑке Ñлободног ÑоÑÑвеÑа, или ÑеÑе иÑ
-набавÑаÑи беÑплаÑно. Ðли без обзиÑа на Ñо
како ÑÑе доÑли до ваÑег пÑимеÑка,
-Ñвек ÑеÑе моÑи да ÑмножаваÑе и меÑаÑе
ÑоÑÑвеÑ, па Ñак и да га <a
-href="/philosophy/selling.html">пÑодаÑеÑе</a>.
+ÐÑавило Ñе да ако ако ÑÑиниÑе ваÑÑ Ð²ÐµÑзиÑÑ
доÑÑÑпном на Ð¾Ð²Ð°Ñ Ð½Ð°Ñин, моÑаÑе
+Ñе ÑÑиниÑи доÑÑÑпном на пÑиÑ
ваÑÑив наÑин,
Ñз иÑÑе ÑÑлове. Ðедан пÑимеÑ
+пÑиÑ
ваÑÑивог пÑавила Ñе да ако
ÑаÑподеÑÑÑеÑе измеÑÐµÐ½Ñ Ð²ÐµÑзиÑÑ Ð¼Ð¾ÑаÑе Ñе
+поÑлаÑи пÑеÑÑ
одном гÑадиÑеÑÑ Ð½Ð° Ñегов заÑ
Ñев. (ТÑебаÑе имаÑи Ñ Ð²Ð¸Ð´Ñ Ð´Ð° Ñо
+пÑавило и даÑа вама оÑÑавÑа на Ð¸Ð·Ð±Ð¾Ñ Ñо да
ли ÑеÑе да ÑаÑподеÑÑÑеÑе
+веÑзиÑÑ.). ÐÑавила коÑа заÑ
ÑеваÑÑ
обÑавÑиваÑе извоÑног кода коÑиÑниÑима за
+веÑзиÑе коÑе ÑÑ Ð¸Ð·Ð°Ñле Ñ ÑавноÑÑ ÑÑ ÑакоÑе
пÑиÑ
ваÑÑива.
</p>
<p>
-ÐвенÑÑално поÑÑоÑаÑе пÑавила о наÑинÑ
паковаÑа измеÑене веÑзиÑе Ñе
-пÑиÑ
ваÑÑиво, али Ñамо Ñколико не заÑÑÑавÑа
ÑÐ»Ð¾Ð±Ð¾Ð´Ñ Ð¾Ð±ÑавÑиваÑа измеÑениÑ
-веÑзиÑа. ÐÑавила коÑа пÑопиÑÑÑÑ Ð´Ð° âако
обÑавиÑе пÑогÑам на ÑаÑ-и-ÑÐ°Ñ Ð½Ð°Ñин,
-моÑаÑе да га обÑавиÑе и на Ñакав-и-Ñакав
наÑинâ ÑакоÑе Ð¼Ð¾Ð³Ñ Ð´Ð° бÑдÑ
-пÑиÑ
ваÑÑива, али Ð¾Ð¿ÐµÑ Ñамо под иÑÑим
ÑÑловом. (ÐÑимеÑиÑе да и Ñакво пÑавило
-оÑÑавÑа Ð¸Ð·Ð±Ð¾Ñ Ð´Ð° ли ÑеÑе обÑавиÑи ваÑÑ
веÑзиÑÑ Ð¿ÑогÑама или не.) ТакоÑе Ñе
-пÑиÑ
ваÑÑиво да Ñе Ñ Ð»Ð¸ÑенÑи заÑ
Ñева да
обезбедиÑе измеÑени пÑимеÑак, Ñколико
-ÑÑе ÑаÑподелили измеÑÐµÐ½Ñ Ð²ÐµÑзиÑÑ Ð¸ пÑеÑÑ
одни гÑадиÑÐµÑ Ð³Ð° заÑÑажи, или да
-ваÑе име додаÑе на ваÑе измеÑене веÑзиÑе.
-</p>
+ÐоÑебан пÑоблем Ñе поÑавÑÑÑе када лиÑенÑа
заÑ
Ñева Ð¸Ð·Ð¼ÐµÐ½Ñ Ð½Ð°Ð·Ð¸Ð²Ð° коÑим Ñе
+пÑогÑам биÑи позиван од ÑÑÑане оÑÑалиÑ
пÑогÑама. Ðво вам онемогÑÑава
+обÑавÑиваÑе измеÑене веÑзиÑе коÑа би
могла да замени оÑигиналнÑ. Ðва вÑÑÑа
+заÑева Ñе пÑиÑ
ваÑÑива Ñамо ако поÑÑоÑи
ÑиÑÑем пÑеÑиÑа коÑим би Ñе могао
+замениÑи назив оÑигиналног пÑогÑама.</p>
+
+<h4>ÐÑопиÑи за извоз</h4>
<p>
Ðонекад <a id="exportcontrol">пÑопиÑи о конÑÑоли
извоза</a> владе одÑеÑене
@@ -169,9 +251,44 @@
ÑаÑподеле пÑимеÑака пÑогÑама. ÐÑадиÑеÑи
ÑоÑÑвеÑа не поÑедÑÑÑ Ð¼Ð¾Ñ Ð´Ð° Ñклоне
или заобиÑÑ Ñаква огÑаниÑеÑа, али оно ÑÑо
Ð¼Ð¾Ð³Ñ Ð¸ моÑаÑÑ Ð´Ð° ÑÑаде ÑеÑÑе да
одбиÑÑ Ð´Ð° иÑ
намеÑÐ½Ñ ÐºÐ°Ð¾ ÑÑлове ÑпоÑÑебе
пÑогÑама. Ðа ÑÐ°Ñ Ð½Ð°Ñин, огÑаниÑеÑа
-неÑе ÑÑиÑаÑи на ÑпоÑÑÐµÐ±Ñ Ð¸ ÑÑде ван
ÑÑÑиÑдикÑиÑе ÑиÑ
влада.
+неÑе ÑÑиÑаÑи на ÑпоÑÑÐµÐ±Ñ Ð¸ ÑÑде ван
надлежноÑÑи ÑиÑ
влада. СÑога, лиÑенÑе
+Ñлободног ÑоÑÑвеÑа не ÑмеÑÑ Ð·Ð°Ñ
ÑеваÑи
покоÑноÑÑ Ð±Ð¸Ð»Ð¾ каквим неÑÑивиÑалним
+пÑопиÑима као ÑÑлов за пÑакÑиковаÑе
ÑеÑиÑи оÑновне Ñлободе.
+</p>
+
+<p>
+ÐомиÑаÑе пÑопиÑа за извоз, без ÑиÑ
овог
пÑеÑваÑаÑа Ñ ÑÑлов коÑи намеÑе
+лиÑенÑа, Ñе пÑиÑ
ваÑÑиво ÑÐµÑ Ð½Ðµ огÑаниÑава
коÑиÑнике. Ðко Ñе пÑÐ¾Ð¿Ð¸Ñ Ð·Ð° извоз
+ÑÑивиÑалан за Ñлободан ÑоÑÑвеÑ, онда он
Ñме биÑи ÑÑлов ÑÐµÑ Ð½Ðµ пÑедÑÑавÑа
+пÑоблем. ÐежÑÑим. ако Ñе поÑенÑиÑални
пÑоблем, ÑÐµÑ Ð±Ð¸ каÑниÑа измена закона
+о Ð¸Ð·Ð²Ð¾Ð·Ñ Ð¼Ð¾Ð³Ð»Ð° заÑ
Ñев пÑеÑвоÑиÑи Ñ Ð½ÐµÑÑо
неÑÑивиÑално и Ñиме ÑÑинила ÑоÑÑвеÑ
+неÑлободним.
+</p>
+
+<h4>ÐаконÑке обавезе</h4>
+
+<p>
+Ðако би ове Ñлободе биле ÑÑваÑне, оне
моÑаÑÑ Ð´Ð° бÑÐ´Ñ Ð½ÐµÐ¾Ð¿Ð¾Ð·Ð¸Ð²Ðµ, Ñве док не
+ÑиниÑе ниÑÑа лоÑе. Уколико гÑадиÑеÑ
ÑоÑÑвеÑа има Ð¼Ð¾Ñ Ð´Ð° опозове лиÑенÑÑ, или
+да ÑеÑÑоакÑвино дода огÑаниÑеÑа, иако мÑ
ви ниÑÑе дали Ñазлог ÑадеÑи неÑÑо
+лоÑе, Ñакав ÑоÑÑÐ²ÐµÑ Ð½Ð¸Ñе Ñлободан.
+</p>
+
+<p>
+Слободна лиÑенÑа не моÑа заÑ
ÑеваÑи
ÑÑклаÑиваÑе Ñа лиÑенÑом неÑлободног
+пÑогÑама. СÑога, на пÑимеÑ, ако лиÑенÑа заÑ
Ñева да Ñе ÑложиÑе Ñа лиÑенÑама
+âÑвиÑ
пÑогÑама коÑе коÑиÑÑиÑеâ, Ñ Ñом
ÑлÑÑаÑÑ Ð±Ð¸ коÑиÑник коÑи покÑеÑе
+неÑлободне пÑогÑаме моÑао да Ñе Ñложи Ñа
неÑлободним лиÑенÑама, ÑÑо лиÑенÑÑ
+Ñини неÑлободном.
+</p>
+
+<p>
+ÐопÑÑÑено Ñе да Ñлободна лиÑенÑа одÑеди Ñ
коÑÐ¾Ñ Ð½Ð°Ð´Ð»ÐµÐ¶Ð½Ð¾ÑÑи важи закон, пÑед
+коÑим оÑганом би Ñе моÑао водиÑи ÑпоÑ, или
оба.
</p>
+<h4>ÐиÑенÑе заÑноване на ÑговоÑÑ</h4>
+
<p>
ÐеÑина ÑлободниÑ
ÑоÑÑвеÑÑкиÑ
лиÑенÑи Ñе
заÑнована на ÑиÑÑÐµÐ¼Ñ Ð°ÑÑоÑÑкиÑ
пÑава, па заÑо поÑÑоÑе огÑаниÑеÑа вÑÑÑа
ÑÑлова коÑи кÑоз ÑÐ°Ñ ÑиÑÑем Ð¼Ð¾Ð³Ñ Ð´Ð°
@@ -192,6 +309,8 @@
ÑазмиÑлимо, и веÑоваÑно Ñемо одлÑÑиÑи да
доÑиÑна лиÑенÑа ниÑе Ñлободна.
</p>
+<h4>ÐоÑиÑÑиÑе пÑаве изÑазе када говоÑиÑе о
Ñлободном ÑоÑÑвеÑÑ</h4>
+
<p>
Ðада говоÑиÑе о Ñлободном ÑоÑÑвеÑÑ,
наÑбоÑе Ñе да избегаваÑе изÑазе као ÑÑо
ÑÑ âна поклонâ (енгл. <em>give away</em>) или
âбеÑплаÑноâ (енгл. <em>for
@@ -204,6 +323,8 @@
ÑоÑÑвеÑâ</a> на Ñазне Ñезике.
</p>
+<h4>Ðако ми ÑÑмаÑимо ове кÑиÑеÑиÑÑме</h4>
+
<p>
Ðа кÑаÑÑ, обÑаÑиÑе пажÑÑ Ð½Ð° Ñо да
кÑиÑеÑиÑÑми као ÑÑо ÑÑ Ð¾Ð½Ð¸ коÑи ÑÑ
поменÑÑи Ñ Ð¾Ð²Ð¾Ñ Ð´ÐµÑиниÑиÑи Ñлободног
ÑоÑÑвеÑа заÑ
ÑеваÑÑ Ð¿Ð°Ð¶Ñиво ÑазмиÑÑаÑе
@@ -219,6 +340,8 @@
заÑÑо ÑÑ Ð¾Ð´ÑеÑене лиÑенÑе одговаÑаÑÑÑе
или ниÑÑ Ð¾Ð´Ð³Ð¾Ð²Ð°ÑаÑÑÑе.
</p>
+<h4>ÐÐ¾Ð¼Ð¾Ñ Ð¾ÐºÐ¾ ÑлободниÑ
лиÑенÑи</h4>
+
<p>
Уколико Ð²Ð°Ñ Ð·Ð°Ð½Ð¸Ð¼Ð° да ли одÑеÑена лиÑенÑа
иÑпÑÑава ÑÑлове да Ñе назове
Ñлободном ÑоÑÑвеÑÑком лиÑенÑом,
погледаÑÑе Ð½Ð°Ñ <a
@@ -228,11 +351,12 @@
</p>
<p>
-Уколико намеÑаваÑе да напиÑеÑе новÑ
лиÑенÑÑ, молимо Ð²Ð°Ñ Ð´Ð° Ñе обÑаÑиÑе ÐСС-Ñ
-пиÑмом на пÑеÑÑ
Ð¾Ð´Ð½Ñ Ð°Ð´ÑеÑÑ. УвеÑаваÑе
бÑоÑа ÑазлиÑиÑиÑ
ÑлободниÑ
ÑоÑÑвеÑÑкиÑ
-лиÑенÑи знаÑи да Ñе коÑиÑниÑи пÑи ÑÑ
ваÑаÑÑ
лиÑенÑи имаÑи виÑе поÑла. Ðожда
-Ñемо биÑи Ñ Ð¼Ð¾Ð³ÑÑноÑÑи да вам помогнемо да
иÑкоÑиÑÑиÑе поÑÑоÑеÑÑ ÑлободнÑ
-ÑоÑÑвеÑÑÐºÑ Ð»Ð¸ÑенÑÑ ÐºÐ¾Ñа Ñе одговаÑаÑи
ваÑим поÑÑебама.
+Уколико намеÑаваÑе да напиÑеÑе новÑ
лиÑенÑÑ, молимо Ð²Ð°Ñ Ð´Ð° Ñе обÑаÑиÑе
+ÐадÑжбини за Ñлободни ÑоÑÑÐ²ÐµÑ Ð¿Ð¸Ñмом на
пÑеÑÑ
Ð¾Ð´Ð½Ñ Ð°Ð´ÑеÑÑ. УвеÑаваÑе бÑоÑа
+ÑазлиÑиÑиÑ
ÑлободниÑ
ÑоÑÑвеÑÑкиÑ
лиÑенÑи
знаÑи да Ñе коÑиÑниÑи пÑи ÑÑ
ваÑаÑÑ
+лиÑенÑи имаÑи виÑе поÑла. Ðожда Ñемо биÑи Ñ
могÑÑноÑÑи да вам помогнемо да
+иÑкоÑиÑÑиÑе поÑÑоÑеÑÑ ÑлободнÑ
ÑоÑÑвеÑÑÐºÑ Ð»Ð¸ÑенÑÑ ÐºÐ¾Ñа Ñе одговаÑаÑи
ваÑим
+поÑÑебама.
</p>
<p>
@@ -265,14 +389,165 @@
<h3 id="open-source">ÐÑвоÑени извоÑни код?</h3>
<p>
-Ðедна дÑÑга гÑÑпа Ñе поÑела да ÑпоÑÑебÑава
изÑаз âоÑвоÑени извоÑни кодâ да
-ознаÑи неÑÑо блиÑко (али не и иÑÑовеÑно)
âÑлободном ÑоÑÑвеÑÑâ. Ðи Ñе
-одлÑÑÑÑемо за изÑаз âÑлободни ÑоÑÑвеÑâ,
ÑÐµÑ ÐºÐ°Ð´Ð° Ñедном ÑазнаÑе да Ñе он
-одноÑи на ÑлободÑ, а не на ÑенÑ, Ñвек ÑеÑе
Ñе ÑеÑиÑи Ñлободе. Ð ÐµÑ âоÑвоÑеноâ
-<a href="/philosophy/open-source-misses-the-point.html">Ñе никад не
одноÑи
-на ÑлободÑ</a>.
+ÐÑÑга гÑÑпа Ñе поÑела да ÑпоÑÑебÑава изÑаз
âоÑвоÑени извоÑни кодâ да ознаÑи
+неÑÑо блиÑко (али не и иÑÑовеÑно)
âÑлободном ÑоÑÑвеÑÑâ. Ðи Ñе одлÑÑÑÑемо за
+изÑаз âÑлободни ÑоÑÑвеÑâ, ÑÐµÑ ÐºÐ°Ð´Ð° Ñедном
ÑазнаÑе да Ñе он одноÑи на
+ÑлободÑ, а не на ÑенÑ, Ñвек ÑеÑе Ñе ÑеÑиÑи
Ñлободе. Ð ÐµÑ âоÑвоÑеноâ <a
+href="/philosophy/open-source-misses-the-point.html">Ñе никад не
одноÑи на
+ÑлободÑ</a>.
</p>
+<h3 id="History">ÐÑÑоÑиÑа</h3>
+
+<p>Са вÑемена на вÑеме ми ажÑÑиÑамо овÑ
ÐеÑиниÑиÑÑ Ñлободног ÑоÑÑвеÑа. Ðво Ñе
+ÑпиÑак измена Ñз линкове коÑи показÑÑÑ
како Ñе она ÑаÑно меÑана.</p>
+
+<ul>
+
+<li><a
+href="http://web.cvs.savannah.gnu.org/viewvc/www/philosophy/free-sw.html?root=www&r1=1.152&r2=1.153">ÐеÑзиÑа
+1.153</a>: РазÑаÑÑено Ñе Ñо да Ñлобода да
покÑенеÑе пÑогÑам знаÑи да ваÑ
+ниÑÑа не ÑпÑеÑава Ñ Ñеговом покÑеÑаÑÑ.</li>
+
+<li><a
+href="http://web.cvs.savannah.gnu.org/viewvc/www/philosophy/free-sw.html?root=www&r1=1.140&r2=1.141">ÐеÑзиÑа
+1.141</a>: РазÑаÑÑено Ñе коÑи код би ÑÑебао да
бÑде Ñлободан.</li>
+
+<li><a
+href="http://web.cvs.savannah.gnu.org/viewvc/www/philosophy/free-sw.html?root=www&r1=1.134&r2=1.135">ÐеÑзиÑа
+1.135</a>: Сваки пÑÑ Ñе понавÑа да Ñе Ñлобода
бÑÐ¾Ñ 0 Ñлобода да Ñе покÑене
+пÑогÑам онако како Ñе по ваÑÐ¾Ñ Ð¶ÐµÑи.</li>
+
+<li><a
+href="http://web.cvs.savannah.gnu.org/viewvc/www/philosophy/free-sw.html?root=www&r1=1.133&r2=1.134">ÐеÑзиÑа
+1.134</a>: Слобода бÑÐ¾Ñ 0 ниÑе ÑÑваÑ
ÑÑнкÑионалноÑÑи пÑогÑама.</li>
+
+<li><a
+href="http://web.cvs.savannah.gnu.org/viewvc/www/philosophy/free-sw.html?root=www&r1=1.130&r2=1.131">ÐеÑзиÑа
+1.131</a>: Слободна лиÑенÑа не би ÑÑебала да заÑ
Ñева ÑÑклаÑеноÑÑ Ñа
+неÑлободном лиÑенÑом неког дÑÑгог
пÑогÑама.</li>
+
+<li><a
+href="http://web.cvs.savannah.gnu.org/viewvc/www/philosophy/free-sw.html?root=www&r1=1.128&r2=1.129">ÐеÑзиÑа
+1.129</a>: ÐаÑно Ñе наглаÑено да Ñе Ð¸Ð·Ð±Ð¾Ñ ÑÑда
надлежног за ÑпоÑове
+дозвоÑен. (Ðво Ñе Ñвек била наÑа
полиÑика)</li>
+
+<li><a
+href="http://web.cvs.savannah.gnu.org/viewvc/www/philosophy/free-sw.html?root=www&r1=1.121&r2=1.122">ÐеÑзиÑа
+1.122</a>: ÐаÑ
Ñеви везани за конÑÑÐ¾Ð»Ñ Ð¸Ð·Ð²Ð¾Ð·Ð° ÑÑ
пÑоблем Ñамо Ñколико ÑÑ
+знаÑаÑне, а Ñ ÑÑпÑоÑном ÑÑ Ñамо
поÑенÑиÑални пÑоблем.</li>
+
+<li><a
+href="http://web.cvs.savannah.gnu.org/viewvc/www/philosophy/free-sw.html?root=www&r1=1.117&r2=1.118">ÐеÑзиÑа
+1.118</a>: ÐбÑаÑÑеÑе: пÑоблем ÑÑ Ð¾Ð³ÑаниÑеÑа
ваÑег пÑава да меÑаÑе, а не
+онога ÑÑо меÑаÑе. Ризмене ниÑÑ Ð¾Ð³ÑаниÑене
на âпобоÑÑаÑаâ</li>
+
+<li><a
+href="http://web.cvs.savannah.gnu.org/viewvc/www/philosophy/free-sw.html?root=www&r1=1.110&r2=1.111">ÐеÑзиÑа
+1.111</a>: ÐеÑзиÑа 1.77 Ñе ÑазÑаÑÑена Ñиме ÑÑо Ñе
ÑеÑено да ÑÑ Ñамо
+ÑеÑÑоакÑивна <em>огÑаниÑеÑа</em> непÑиÑ
ваÑÑива. ÐлаÑниÑи аÑÑоÑÑкиÑ
пÑава
+Ñвек Ð¼Ð¾Ð³Ñ Ð´Ð° даÑÑ Ð´Ð¾Ð´Ð°Ñне <em>дозволе</em> за
ÑпоÑÑÐµÐ±Ñ ÑиÑ
овиÑ
Ñадова
+паÑалелним обÑавÑиваÑем даÑог Ñада на
дÑÑги наÑин.</li>
+
+<li><a
+href="http://web.cvs.savannah.gnu.org/viewvc/www/philosophy/free-sw.html?root=www&r1=1.104&r2=1.105">ÐеÑзиÑа
+1.105</a>: РазÑаÑÑено Ñе да, Ñ Ð³Ð»Ð°Ð²Ð½Ð¾Ñ ÑвÑдÑи
Ñлободе бÑÐ¾Ñ 1, аÑгÑÐ¼ÐµÐ½Ñ (веÑ
+наведен Ñ Ð²ÐµÑзиÑи 1.80) заиÑÑа ÑкÑÑÑÑÑе
ÑпоÑÑÐµÐ±Ñ Ð²Ð°Ñе модиÑиковане веÑзиÑе
+за ваÑе ÑаÑÑнаÑÑÑво.</li>
+
+<li><a
+href="http://web.cvs.savannah.gnu.org/viewvc/www/philosophy/free-sw.html?root=www&r1=1.91&r2=1.92">ÐеÑзиÑа
+1.92</a>: РазÑаÑÑено Ñе да Ñе маÑкиÑани код не
ÑмаÑÑа извоÑним кодом.</li>
+
+<li><a
+href="http://web.cvs.savannah.gnu.org/viewvc/www/philosophy/free-sw.html?root=www&r1=1.89&r2=1.90">ÐеÑзиÑа
+1.90</a>: РазÑаÑÑено Ñе да Ñлобода бÑÐ¾Ñ 3 знаÑи
пÑеаво на ÑаÑÐ¿Ð¾Ð´ÐµÐ»Ñ ÐºÐ¾Ð¿Ð¸Ñа
+измеÑениÑ
или побоÑÑаниÑ
веÑзиÑа, а не
пÑаво да ÑÑеÑÑвÑÑеÑе Ñ ÑÑÑем пÑоÑеÑÑ
+ÑазвоÑа пÑоÑекÑа.</li>
+
+<li><a
+href="http://web.cvs.savannah.gnu.org/viewvc/www/philosophy/free-sw.html?root=www&r1=1.88&r2=1.89">ÐеÑзиÑа
+1.89</a>: Слобода бÑÐ¾Ñ 3 ÑкÑÑÑÑÑе пÑаво да
обÑавиÑе измеÑÐµÐ½Ñ Ð²ÐµÑзиÑÑ ÐºÐ°Ð¾
+Ñлободни ÑоÑÑвеÑ.</li>
+
+<li><a
+href="http://web.cvs.savannah.gnu.org/viewvc/www/philosophy/free-sw.html?root=www&r1=1.79&r2=1.80">ÐеÑзиÑа
+1.80</a>: Слобода бÑÐ¾Ñ 1 моÑа биÑи пÑакÑиÑно
пÑименÑива, а не Ñамо
+ÑеоÑеÑÑка, одноÑно не Ñме биÑи
ÑивоизаÑиÑе.</li>
+
+<li><a
+href="http://web.cvs.savannah.gnu.org/viewvc/www/philosophy/free-sw.html?root=www&r1=1.76&r2=1.77">ÐеÑзиÑа
+1.77</a>: РазÑаÑÑено Ñе да ÑÑ Ñве ÑеÑÑоакÑивне
измене лиÑенÑе непÑиÑ
ваÑÑиве,
+иако ниÑÑ Ð¿Ð¾ÑпÑна замена лиÑенÑе.</li>
+
+<li><a
+href="http://web.cvs.savannah.gnu.org/viewvc/www/philosophy/free-sw.html?root=www&r1=1.73&r2=1.74">ÐеÑзиÑа
+1.74</a>: ЧеÑиÑи ÑазÑаÑÑеÑа аÑгÑменÑа коÑи
ниÑÑ Ð´Ð¾Ð²Ð¾Ñно екÑплиÑиÑни, или
+коÑи ÑÑ Ð½Ð° неким меÑÑима поменÑÑи али
нигде ниÑÑ Ð´Ð¸ÑкÑÑована:
+<ul>
+<li>âÐобоÑÑаÑаâ не знаÑе Ñо да лиÑенÑа може
да огÑаниÑи коÑе вÑÑÑе измена можеÑе
+обÑавиÑи. Слобода бÑÐ¾Ñ 3 ÑкÑÑÑÑÑе
ÑаÑподеÑиваÑе измеÑениÑ
веÑзиÑа, не Ñамо
+измена.</li>
+<li>ÐÑаво да ÑпоÑиÑе поÑÑоÑеÑе модÑле Ñе
одноÑи на оне коÑи ÑÑ Ð¿Ñикладно
+лиÑенÑиÑани.</li>
+<li>ÐкÑплиÑиÑно наглаÑиÑи закÑÑÑак пÑопиÑа
извоза.</li>
+<li>ÐамеÑаÑе измене лиÑенÑе заÑ
Ñева ÑкидаÑе
ÑÑаÑе лиÑенÑе.</li>
+</ul>
+</li>
+
+<li><a
+href="http://web.cvs.savannah.gnu.org/viewvc/www/philosophy/free-sw.html?root=www&r1=1.56&r2=1.57">ÐеÑзиÑа
+1.57</a>: ÐÐ¾Ð´Ð°Ñ Ñе одеÑак âÐиÑе од
ÑоÑÑвеÑаâ.</li>
+
+<li><a
+href="http://web.cvs.savannah.gnu.org/viewvc/www/philosophy/free-sw.html?root=www&r1=1.45&r2=1.46">ÐеÑзиÑа
+1.46</a>: РазÑаÑÑено Ñе ÑиÑа Ñе ÑвÑÑ
а важна Ñ
пÑÐ°Ð²Ñ Ð´Ð° Ñе пÑогÑам коÑиÑÑи Ñ
+било коÑе ÑвÑÑ
е.</li>
+
+<li><a
+href="http://web.cvs.savannah.gnu.org/viewvc/www/philosophy/free-sw.html?root=www&r1=1.40&r2=1.41">ÐеÑзиÑа
+1.41</a>: РазÑаÑÑене ÑеÑи о лиÑенÑама
заÑнованим на ÑговоÑÑ.</li>
+
+<li><a
+href="http://web.cvs.savannah.gnu.org/viewvc/www/philosophy/free-sw.html?root=www&r1=1.39&r2=1.40">ÐеÑиÑа
+1.40</a>: ÐбÑаÑÑено Ñе да вам Ñлободна лиÑенÑа
моÑа дозволиÑи да коÑиÑÑиÑе
+оÑÑали Ñлободни ÑоÑÑÐ²ÐµÑ Ð·Ð° изÑадÑ
измена.</li>
+
+<li><a
+href="http://web.cvs.savannah.gnu.org/viewvc/www/philosophy/free-sw.html?root=www&r1=1.38&r2=1.39">ÐеÑзиÑа
+1.39</a>: ÐмаÑÑе Ñ Ð²Ð¸Ð´Ñ Ð´Ð° Ñе пÑиÑ
ваÑÑиво да
лиÑенÑа од Ð²Ð°Ñ Ð·Ð°Ñ
Ñева да
+обезбедиÑе извоÑни код веÑзиÑа ÑоÑÑвеÑа
коÑи обÑавÑÑÑеÑе.</li>
+
+<li><a
+href="http://web.cvs.savannah.gnu.org/viewvc/www/philosophy/free-sw.html?root=www&r1=1.30&r2=1.31">ÐеÑзиÑа
+1.31</a>: ÐмаÑÑе Ñ Ð²Ð¸Ð´Ñ Ð´Ð° Ñе пÑиÑ
ваÑÑиво да
лиÑенÑа од Ð²Ð°Ñ Ð·Ð°Ñ
Ñева да Ñе
+ÑмаÑÑаÑе ÑвоÑÑем измена. ÐÐ¾Ñ Ð½ÐµÐºÐµ ÑиÑне
измене Ñ ÑекÑÑÑ.</li>
+
+<li><a
+href="http://web.cvs.savannah.gnu.org/viewvc/www/philosophy/free-sw.html?root=www&r1=1.22&r2=1.23">ÐеÑзиÑа
+1.23</a>: ÐаглаÑени ÑÑ Ð¿Ð¾Ñедини пÑоблеми
везани за лиÑенÑе базиÑане на
+ÑговоÑÑ.</li>
+
+<li><a
+href="http://web.cvs.savannah.gnu.org/viewvc/www/philosophy/free-sw.html?root=www&r1=1.15&r2=1.16">ÐеÑзиÑа
+1.16</a>: ÐбÑаÑÑено Ñе заÑÑо Ñе ÑаÑподела
(пÑогÑама) Ñ Ð±Ð¸Ð½Ð°Ñном обликÑ
+важна.</li>
+
+<li><a
+href="http://web.cvs.savannah.gnu.org/viewvc/www/philosophy/free-sw.html?root=www&r1=1.10&r2=1.11">ÐеÑзиÑа
+1.11</a>: ÐмаÑÑе Ñ Ð²Ð¸Ð´Ñ Ñо да Ñлободна лиÑенÑа
може да заÑ
Ñева да поÑаÑеÑе
+измеÑене веÑзиÑе пÑеÑÑ
одним гÑадиÑеÑима
на ÑиÑ
ов заÑ
Ñев.</li>
+
+</ul>
+
+<p>ÐоÑÑоÑе пÑеÑкакаÑа Ñ Ð±ÑоÑевима веÑзиÑа
ÑÐµÑ Ð¿Ð¾ÑÑоÑе измене коÑе немаÑÑ
+ÑÑиÑаÑа на деÑиниÑиÑе и ÑазÑмеваÑе
ÑÑÑаниÑе. Ðа пÑимеÑ. ÑпиÑак не ÑкÑÑÑÑÑе
+измене ÑпоÑедниÑ
ÑÑваÑи, ÑоÑмаÑиÑаÑа,
пÑавопиÑа, инÑеÑпÑнкÑиÑе или оÑÑалиÑ
+делова ÑÑÑаниÑе. ÐожеÑе погледаÑи Ñео
ÑпиÑак измена на <a
+href="http://web.cvs.savannah.gnu.org/viewvc/www/philosophy/free-sw.html?root=www&view=log">cvsweb
+инÑеÑÑеÑÑÑ</a>.</p>
+
+
<div class="translators-notes">
<!--TRANSLATORS: Use space (SPC) as msgstr if you don't have notes.-->
@@ -329,8 +604,8 @@
There is more detail about copyright years in the GNU Maintainers
Information document, www.gnu.org/prep/maintain. -->
-<p><b>ÐÑÑоÑÑка пÑава:</b><br />Copyright © 1996, 2002,
2004-2007 Free
-Software Foundation, Inc.</p>
+<p>Copyright © 1996, 2002, 2004-2007, 2009-2017 Free Software Foundation,
+Inc.</p>
<p>Ðва ÑÑÑана Ñе лиÑенÑиÑана под ÑÑловима
лиÑенÑе <a rel="license"
href="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nd/4.0/deed.sr">Creative
@@ -343,12 +618,13 @@
<b>ÐÑевод:</b>
<a href="http://alas.matf.bg.ac.rs/~mr99164/index.php">СÑÑаÑ
иÑа Ð
адиÑ</a>,
<a href="http://alas.matf.bg.ac.rs/~mr99164/posta.php"><em>vilinkamen</em>
-на ÑеÑвеÑÑ <em>mail.ru</em></a>, 2008.</div>
+на ÑеÑвеÑÑ <em>mail.ru</em></a>, 2008.
+ÐоÑиÑав ÐÐ¸Ð²Ð°Ð½Ð¾Ð²Ð¸Ñ <address@hidden>, 2017.</div>
<p class="unprintable"><!-- timestamp start -->
ÐжÑÑиÑано:
-$Date: 2017/03/11 10:17:43 $
+$Date: 2017/10/06 15:58:55 $
<!-- timestamp end -->
</p>
Index: philosophy/po/free-sw.sr.po
===================================================================
RCS file: /web/www/www/philosophy/po/free-sw.sr.po,v
retrieving revision 1.67
retrieving revision 1.68
diff -u -b -r1.67 -r1.68
Index: proprietary/proprietary-surveillance.de.html
===================================================================
RCS file: /web/www/www/proprietary/proprietary-surveillance.de.html,v
retrieving revision 1.27
retrieving revision 1.28
diff -u -b -r1.27 -r1.28
--- proprietary/proprietary-surveillance.de.html 20 Jul 2017 16:29:40
-0000 1.27
+++ proprietary/proprietary-surveillance.de.html 6 Oct 2017 15:58:56
-0000 1.28
@@ -1,4 +1,9 @@
-<!--#set var="ENGLISH_PAGE"
value="/proprietary/proprietary-surveillance.en.html" -->
+<!--#set var="PO_FILE"
+ value='<a href="/proprietary/po/proprietary-surveillance.de.po">
+ https://www.gnu.org/proprietary/po/proprietary-surveillance.de.po</a>'
+ --><!--#set var="ORIGINAL_FILE"
value="/proprietary/proprietary-surveillance.html"
+ --><!--#set var="DIFF_FILE"
value="/proprietary/po/proprietary-surveillance.de-diff.html"
+ --><!--#set var="OUTDATED_SINCE" value="2017-08-07" --><!--#set
var="ENGLISH_PAGE" value="/proprietary/proprietary-surveillance.en.html" -->
<!--#include virtual="/server/header.de.html" -->
<!-- Parent-Version: 1.83 -->
@@ -30,6 +35,7 @@
<!-- GNUN: localize URL /graphics/dog.small.jpg -->
<!--#include virtual="/proprietary/po/proprietary-surveillance.translist" -->
<!--#include virtual="/server/banner.de.html" -->
+<!--#include virtual="/server/outdated.de.html" -->
<h2>Proprietäre Ãberwachung </h2>
<p>Unfreie (proprietäre) Software entspricht sehr häufig einem Schadprogramm
@@ -1803,7 +1809,7 @@
<p class="unprintable"><!-- timestamp start -->
Letzte Ãnderung:
-$Date: 2017/07/20 16:29:40 $
+$Date: 2017/10/06 15:58:56 $
<!-- timestamp end -->
</p>
Index: proprietary/po/proprietary-surveillance.de-diff.html
===================================================================
RCS file: /web/www/www/proprietary/po/proprietary-surveillance.de-diff.html,v
retrieving revision 1.3
retrieving revision 1.4
diff -u -b -r1.3 -r1.4
--- proprietary/po/proprietary-surveillance.de-diff.html 29 Sep 2016
23:58:49 -0000 1.3
+++ proprietary/po/proprietary-surveillance.de-diff.html 6 Oct 2017
15:58:56 -0000 1.4
@@ -11,9 +11,9 @@
</style></head>
<body><pre>
<!--#include virtual="/server/header.html" -->
-<!-- Parent-Version: 1.79 -->
+<!-- Parent-Version: <span
class="removed"><del><strong>1.83</strong></del></span> <span
class="inserted"><ins><em>1.84</em></ins></span> -->
<title>Proprietary Surveillance - GNU Project - Free Software
Foundation</title>
-<span class="inserted"><ins><em><style type="text/css"
media="print,screen"><!--
+<style type="text/css" media="print,screen"><!--
.announcement {
background: none;
}
@@ -33,13 +33,13 @@
}
}
--></style>
-<!-- GNUN: localize URL /graphics/dog.small.jpg --></em></ins></span>
+<!-- GNUN: localize URL /graphics/dog.small.jpg -->
<!--#include virtual="/proprietary/po/proprietary-surveillance.translist"
-->
<!--#include virtual="/server/banner.html" -->
<h2>Proprietary Surveillance</h2>
-<span class="inserted"><ins><em><p>Nonfree (proprietary) software is
very often malware (designed to
+<p>Nonfree (proprietary) software is very often malware (designed to
mistreat the user). Nonfree software is controlled by its developers,
which puts them in a position of power over the users; <a
href="/philosophy/free-software-even-more-important.html">that is the
@@ -49,11 +49,11 @@
<div class="announcement">
<p>This document attempts to
track <strong>clearly established cases of proprietary software that
-spies on or tracks users</strong>.</p></em></ins></span>
+spies on or tracks users</strong>.</p>
<p><a href="/proprietary/proprietary.html">
Other examples of proprietary malware</a></p>
-<span class="inserted"><ins><em></div>
+</div>
<div id="surveillance">
@@ -61,7 +61,7 @@
<a href="/graphics/dog.html">
<img src="/graphics/dog.small.jpg" alt="Cartoon of a dog, wondering at the
three ads that popped up on his computer screen..." /></a>
<p>“How did they find out I'm a dog?”</p>
-</div></em></ins></span>
+</div>
<div class="toc">
<h3 id="TableOfContents">Table of Contents</h3>
@@ -79,14 +79,13 @@
<li><a href="#SpywareIniThings">Spyware in
iThings</a></li>
<li><a href="#SpywareInTelephones">Spyware in
Telephones</a></li>
<li><a href="#SpywareInMobileApps">Spyware in Mobile
Applications</a></li>
- <li><a href="#SpywareInGames">Spyware in
Games</a></li>
<li><a href="#SpywareInToys">Spyware in
Toys</a></li>
</ul>
</li>
+ <li><a href="#SpywareOnSmartWatches">Spyware on Smart
Watches</a></li>
<li><a href="#SpywareAtLowLevel">Spyware at Low Level</a>
<ul>
<li><a href="#SpywareInBIOS">Spyware in
BIOS</a></li>
- <!-- <li><a href="#SpywareInFirmware">Spyware in
Firmware</a></li> -->
</ul>
</li>
<li><a href="#SpywareAtWork">Spyware at Work</a>
@@ -106,20 +105,22 @@
<li><a href="#SpywareInTVSets">Spyware in TV
Sets</a></li>
</ul>
</li>
- <li><a href="#SpywareAtPlay">Spyware at
Play</a></li>
+ <li><a href="#SpywareInGames">Spyware in
Games</a></li>
+ <li><a href="#SpywareInRecreation">Spyware in
Recreation</a></li>
<li><a href="#SpywareOnTheWeb">Spyware on the Web</a>
<ul>
<li><a href="#SpywareInChrome">Spyware in
Chrome</a></li>
<li><a href="#SpywareInFlash">Spyware in
Flash</a></li>
</ul>
</li>
- <li><a href="#SpywareEverywhere">Spyware
Everywhere</a></li>
+ <li><a <span
class="inserted"><ins><em>href="#SpywareInDrones">Spyware in
Drones</a></li>
+ <li><a</em></ins></span> href="#SpywareEverywhere">Spyware
Everywhere</a></li>
+ <li><a href="#SpywareInVR">Spyware In VR</a></li>
</ul>
-<span class="removed"><del><strong></div><!-- /class="toc"
--></strong></del></span>
-<span class="inserted"><ins><em></div>
+</div>
</div>
-<div style="clear: left;"></div></em></ins></span>
+<div style="clear: left;"></div>
<!-- #Introduction -->
@@ -142,9 +143,27 @@
keyboard, in the mobile computing industry, in the office, at home, in
transportation systems, and in the classroom.</p>
-<span class="removed"><del><strong><p class="highlight-para">This
document attempts to
-track <strong>clearly established cases of proprietary software that
-spies on or track users</strong>.</p></strong></del></span>
+<h3 id="AggregateInfoCollection">Aggregate or anonymized data</h3>
+
+<p>Many companies, in their privacy policy, have a clause that claims
+they share aggregate, non-personally identifiable information with
+third parties/partners. Such claims are worthless, for several
+reasons:</p>
+
+<ul>
+ <li>They could change the policy at any time.</li>
+ <li>They can twist the words by distributing an
“aggregate” of
+ “anonymized” data which can be reidentified and attributed
to
+ individuals.</li>
+ <li>The raw data they don't normally distribute can be taken by
+ data breaches.</li>
+ <li>The raw data they don't normally distribute can be taken by
+ subpoena.</li>
+</ul>
+
+<p>Therefore, we must not be distracted by companies' statements of
+they will <em>do</em> with the data they collect. The wrong is that
+they collect it at all.</p>
<h3 id="LatestAdditions">Latest additions</h3>
@@ -166,11 +185,20 @@
</div>
<ul>
-<span class="inserted"><ins><em><li>In order to increase Windows 10's
install base, Microsoft
+ <li><p>Windows DRM
+ files <a
href="https://yro.slashdot.org/story/17/02/02/231229/windows-drm-protected-files-used-to-decloak-tor-browser-users">can
+ be used to identify people browsing through Tor</a>. The
+ vulnerability exists only if you use Windows.
+ </p></li>
+
+ <li><p>By default, Windows 10 <a
href="http://betanews.com/2016/11/24/microsoft-shares-windows-10-telemetry-data-with-third-parties">sends
+ debugging information to Microsoft, including core dumps</a>.
Microsoft now distributes them to another company.</p></li>
+
+<li>In order to increase Windows 10's install base, Microsoft
<a
href="https://www.eff.org/deeplinks/2016/08/windows-10-microsoft-blatantly-disregards-user-choice-and-privacy-deep-dive">
blatantly disregards user choice and privacy</a>.
-</li></em></ins></span>
+</li>
<li><p><a
href="https://duo.com/blog/bring-your-own-dilemma-oem-laptops-and-windows-10-security">
Windows 10 comes with 13 screens of snooping options</a>, all
enabled by default,
@@ -187,10 +215,8 @@
applications. Then another downgrade inserted a general spying
program. Users noticed this and complained, so Microsoft
renamed it
- <a
-href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160407082751/http://www.theregister.co.uk/2015/11/26/microsoft_renamed_data_slurper_reinserted_windows_10/">
-to give users the impression it was gone</a>.</p>
-
+ <a
href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160407082751/http://www.theregister.co.uk/2015/11/26/microsoft_renamed_data_slurper_reinserted_windows_10/">
+ to give users the impression it was gone</a>.</p>
<p>To use proprietary software is to invite such
treatment.</p>
</li>
<li><p>
@@ -304,6 +330,118 @@
</div>
<ul>
+<li>
+ <p>A
+ <a
href="https://research.csiro.au/ng/wp-content/uploads/sites/106/2016/08/paper-1.pdf">
+ research paper</a> that investigated the privacy and security
+ of 283 Android VPN apps concluded that “in spite of the
+ promises for privacy, security, and anonymity given by the
+ majority of VPN apps—millions of users may be unawarely subject
+ to poor security guarantees and abusive practices inflicted by
+ VPN apps.”</p>
+
+ <p>Following is a non-exhaustive list of proprietary VPN apps from
+ the research paper that tracks and infringes the privacy of
+ users:</p>
+
+ <dl>
+ <dt>SurfEasy</dt>
+ <dd>Includes tracking libraries such as NativeX and Appflood,
+ meant to track users and show them targeted ads.</dd>
+
+ <dt>sFly Network Booster</dt>
+ <dd>Requests the <code>READ_SMS</code> and
<code>SEND_SMS</code>
+ permissions upon installation, meaning it has full access to
+ users' text messages.</dd>
+
+ <dt>DroidVPN and TigerVPN</dt>
+ <dd>Requests the <code>READ_LOGS</code> permission to
read logs
+ for other apps and also core system logs. TigerVPN developers
+ have confirmed this.</dd>
+
+ <dt>HideMyAss</dt>
+ <dd>Sends traffic to LinkedIn. Also, it stores detailed logs
+ and may turn them over to the UK government if
+ requested.</dd>
+
+ <dt>VPN Services HotspotShield</dt>
+ <dd>Injects JavaScript code into the HTML pages returned to the
+ users. The stated purpose of the JS injection is to display
+ ads. Uses roughly 5 tracking libraries. Also, it redirects the
+ user's traffic through valueclick.com (an advertising
+ website).</dd>
+
+ <dt>WiFi Protector VPN</dt>
+ <dd>Injects JavaScript code into HTML pages, and also uses
+ roughly 5 tracking libraries. Developers of this app have
+ confirmed that the non-premium version of the app does
+ JavaScript injection for tracking and display ads.</dd>
+ </dl>
+</li>
+<li>
+ <p><a
href="http://www.privmetrics.org/wp-content/uploads/2015/06/wisec2015.pdf">A
study in 2015</a> found that 90% of the top-ranked gratis
+ proprietary Android apps contained recognizable tracking libraries. For
+ the paid proprietary apps, it was only 60%.</p>
+
+ <p>The article confusingly describes gratis apps as “free”,
+ but most of them are not in fact
+ <a href="/philosophy/free-sw.html">free software</a>.
+ It also uses the ugly word “monetize”. A good replacement
+ for that word is “exploit”; nearly always that will fit
+ perfectly.</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+ <p>Apps for BART
+ <a
href="https://consumerist.com/2017/05/23/passengers-say-commuter-rail-app-illegally-collects-personal-user-data/">snoop
on users</a>.</p>
+ <p>With free software apps, users could <em>make sure</em>
that they don't snoop.</p>
+ <p>With proprietary apps, one can only hope that they don't.</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+ <p>A study found 234 Android apps that track users by
+ <a
href="https://www.bleepingcomputer.com/news/security/234-android-applications-are-currently-using-ultrasonic-beacons-to-track-users/">listening
+ to ultrasound from beacons placed in stores or played by TV
programs</a>.
+ </p>
+
+</li>
+
+<li>
+ <p>Pairs of Android apps can collude to transmit users' personal
+ data to servers. <a
href="https://www.theatlantic.com/technology/archive/2017/04/when-apps-collude-to-steal-your-data/522177/">A
study found
+ tens of thousands of pairs that collude</a>.</p>
+</li>
+
+<li>
+<p>Google Play intentionally sends app developers <a
+href="http://gadgets.ndtv.com/apps/news/google-play-store-policy-raises-privacy-concerns-331116">
+the personal details of users that install the app</a>.</p>
+
+<p>Merely asking the “consent” of users is not enough
+to legitimize actions like this. At this point, most users have
+stopped reading the “Terms and Conditions” that spell out
+what they are “consenting” to. Google should clearly
+and honestly identify the information it collects on users, instead
+of hiding it in an obscurely worded EULA.</p>
+
+<p>However, to truly protect people's privacy, we must prevent Google
+and other companies from getting this personal information in the first
+place!</p>
+</li>
+
+ <li>
+ <p>Google Play (a component of Android) <a
+
href="https://www.extremetech.com/mobile/235594-yes-google-play-is-tracking-you-and-thats-just-the-tip-of-a-very-large-iceberg">
+ tracks the users' movements without their permission</a>.</p>
+
+ <p>Even if you disable Google Maps and location tracking, you must
+ disable Google Play itself to completely stop the tracking. This is
+ yet another example of nonfree software pretending to obey the user,
+ when it's actually doing something else. Such a thing would be almost
+ unthinkable with free software.</p>
+
+ </li>
+
<li><p>More than 73% of the most popular Android apps
<a href="http://jots.pub/a/2015103001/index.php">share personal,
behavioral and location information</a> of their users with third
parties.</p>
@@ -361,10 +499,29 @@
</div>
<ul>
- <span class="inserted"><ins><em><li><p>The iMessage app on
iThings <a
href="https://theintercept.com/2016/09/28/apple-logs-your-imessage-contacts-and-may-share-them-with-police/">tells
+ <span class="inserted"><ins><em><li><p>In the latest iThings
system, “turning off” WiFi and Bluetooth the
+ obvious way <a
+
href="https://www.theguardian.com/technology/2017/sep/21/ios-11-apple-toggling-wifi-bluetooth-control-centre-doesnt-turn-them-off">
+ doesn't really turn them off</a>.
+ A more advanced way really does turn them off—only until 5am.
+ That's Apple for you—“We know you want to be spied
on”.</p>
+ </li></em></ins></span>
+
+ <li><p>Apple proposes
+ <a
href="https://www.theguardian.com/technology/2017/feb/15/apple-removing-iphone-home-button-fingerprint-scanning-screen">a
fingerprint-scanning touch screen</a>
+ — which would mean no way to use it without having your
fingerprints
+ taken. Users would have no way to tell whether the phone is snooping on
+ them.</p></li>
+
+ <li><p>iPhones <a
href="https://theintercept.com/2016/11/17/iphones-secretly-send-call-history-to-apple-security-firm-says">send
+ lots of personal data to Apple's servers</a>. Big Brother can
+ get them from there.</p>
+ </li>
+
+ <li><p>The iMessage app on iThings <a
href="https://theintercept.com/2016/09/28/apple-logs-your-imessage-contacts-and-may-share-them-with-police/">tells
a server every phone number that the user types into it</a>; the
server records these numbers for at least 30
days.</p>
- </li></em></ins></span>
+ </li>
<li><p>Users cannot make an Apple ID <a
href="http://apple.stackexchange.com/questions/49951/how-can-i-download-free-apps-without-registering-an-apple-idcool">(necessary
to install even gratis apps)</a>
without giving a valid email address and receiving the code Apple
@@ -372,7 +529,8 @@
</li>
<li><p>Around 47% of the most popular iOS apps
- <a href="http://jots.pub/a/2015103001/index.php">share personal,
+ <a class="not-a-duplicate"
+ href="http://jots.pub/a/2015103001/index.php">share personal,
behavioral and location information</a> of their users with third
parties.</p>
</li>
@@ -403,7 +561,8 @@
</p></li>
<li><p>Spyware in iThings:
- the <a
href="http://finance.yahoo.com/blogs/the-exchange/privacy-advocates-worry-over-new-apple-iphone-tracking-feature-161836223.html">
+ the <a class="not-a-duplicate"
+
href="http://finance.yahoo.com/blogs/the-exchange/privacy-advocates-worry-over-new-apple-iphone-tracking-feature-161836223.html">
iBeacon</a> lets stores determine exactly where the iThing is,
and get other info too.</p>
</li>
@@ -446,6 +605,9 @@
</div>
<ul>
+ <li><p>Some portable phones <a
href="http://www.prnewswire.com/news-releases/kryptowire-discovered-mobile-phone-firmware-that-transmitted-personally-identifiable-information-pii-without-user-consent-or-disclosure-300362844.html">are
+ sold with spyware sending lots of data to
China</a>.</p></li>
+
<li><p>According to Edward Snowden,
<a href="http://www.bbc.com/news/uk-34444233">agencies can take
over smartphones</a>
by sending hidden text messages which enable them to turn the phones
@@ -463,7 +625,7 @@
kind.</p></li>
<li><p>A Motorola phone
- <a
href="https://www.motorola.com/us/X8-Mobile-Computing-System/x8-mobile-computing-system.html">
+ <a
href="http://www.itproportal.com/2013/07/25/motorolas-new-x8-arm-chip-underpinning-the-always-on-future-of-android/">
listens for voice all the time</a>.</p>
</li>
@@ -500,10 +662,63 @@
</div>
<ul>
+ <span class="inserted"><ins><em><li><p>The Sarahah app
+ <a
href="https://theintercept.com/2017/08/27/hit-app-sarahah-quietly-uploads-your-address-book/">
+ uploads all phone numbers and email addresses</a> in user's address
+ book to developer's server. Note that this article misuses the words
+ “<a href="/philosophy/free-sw.html">free
software</a>”
+ referring to zero price.</p>
+ </li></em></ins></span>
- <span class="inserted"><ins><em><li><p>Google's new voice
messaging app <a
href="http://www.theverge.com/2016/9/21/12994362/allo-privacy-message-logs-google">logs
+ <li>
+ <p>Facebook's app listens all the time, <a
href="http://www.independent.co.uk/life-style/gadgets-and-tech/news/facebook-using-people-s-phones-to-listen-in-on-what-they-re-saying-claims-professor-a7057526.html">to
snoop
+ on what people are listening to or watching</a>. In addition, it may
+ be analyzing people's conversations to serve them with targeted
+ advertisements.</p>
+ </li>
+
+ <li>
+ <p>Faceapp appears to do lots of surveillance, judging by
+ <a
href="https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/the-intersect/wp/2017/04/26/everything-thats-wrong-with-faceapp-the-latest-creepy-photo-app-for-your-face/">
+ how much access it demands to personal data in the
device</a>.
+ </p>
+ </li>
+
+ <li>
+ <p>Verizon <a
href="https://yro.slashdot.org/story/17/03/30/0112259/verizon-to-force-appflash-spyware-on-android-phones">
+ announced an opt-in proprietary search app that it will</a>
+ pre-install on some of its phones. The app will give Verizon the same
+ information about the users' searches that Google normally gets when
+ they use its search engine.</p>
+
+ <p>Currently, the app is <a
href="https://www.eff.org/deeplinks/2017/04/update-verizons-appflash-pre-installed-spyware-still-spyware">
+ being pre-installed on only one phone</a>, and the
+ user must explicitly opt-in before the app takes effect. However, the
+ app remains spyware—an “optional” piece of spyware is
+ still spyware.</p>
+ </li>
+
+ <li><p>The Meitu photo-editing
+ app <a
href="https://theintercept.com/2017/01/21/popular-selfie-app-sending-user-data-to-china-researchers-say/">sends
+ user data to a Chinese company</a>.</p></li>
+
+ <li><p>A pregnancy test controller application not only
+ can <a
href="http://www.theverge.com/2016/4/25/11503718/first-response-pregnancy-pro-test-bluetooth-app-security">spy
+ on many sorts of data in the phone, and in server accounts, it can
+ alter them too</a>.
+ </p></li>
+
+ <li><p>The Uber app tracks <a
href="https://techcrunch.com/2016/11/28/uber-background-location-data-collection/">clients'
+ movements before and after the ride</a>.</p>
+
+ <p>This example illustrates how “getting the user's
consent”
+ for surveillance is inadequate as a protection against massive
+ surveillance.</p>
+ </li>
+
+ <li><p>Google's new voice messaging app <a
href="http://www.theverge.com/2016/9/21/12994362/allo-privacy-message-logs-google">logs
all conversations</a>.</p>
- </li></em></ins></span>
+ </li>
<li><p>Apps that include
<a
href="http://techaeris.com/2016/01/13/symphony-advanced-media-software-tracks-your-digital-life-through-your-smartphone-mic/">
@@ -580,60 +795,95 @@
</li>
</ul>
-
-<div class="big-subsection">
- <h4 id="SpywareInGames">Spyware in Games</h4>
- <span class="anchor-reference-id">(<a
href="#SpywareInGames">#SpywareInGames</a>)</span>
-</div>
-
-<ul>
- <li><p>Angry Birds
- <a
href="http://www.nytimes.com/2014/01/28/world/spy-agencies-scour-phone-apps-for-personal-data.html">
- spies for companies, and the NSA takes advantage to spy through it
too</a>.
- Here's information on
- <a
href="http://confabulator.blogspot.com/2012/11/analysis-of-what-information-angry.html">
- more spyware apps</a>.</p>
- <p><a
href="http://www.propublica.org/article/spy-agencies-probe-angry-birds-and-other-apps-for-personal-data">
- More about NSA app spying</a>.</p>
- </li>
-</ul>
-
-
<div class="big-subsection">
<h4 id="SpywareInToys">Spyware in Toys</h4>
<span class="anchor-reference-id">(<a
href="#SpywareInToys">#SpywareInToys</a>)</span>
</div>
<ul>
+ <li>
+ <p>The “smart” toys My Friend Cayla and i-Que transmit
+ <a
href="https://www.forbrukerradet.no/siste-nytt/connected-toys-violate-consumer-laws">children's
conversations to Nuance Communications</a>,
+ a speech recognition company based in the U.S.</p>
+
+ <p>Those toys also contain major security vulnerabilities; crackers
+ can remotely control the toys with a mobile phone. This would
+ enable crackers to listen in on a child's speech, and even speak
+ into the toys themselves.</p>
+ </li>
- <span class="inserted"><ins><em><li><p>A company that makes
internet-controlled vibrators <a
href="https://www.theguardian.com/us-news/2016/sep/14/wevibe-sex-toy-data-collection-chicago-lawsuit">is
- being sued for collecting lots of personal information about how
- people use it</a>.</p>
-
- <p>The company's statement that it anonymizes the data may be
- true, but it doesn't really matter. If it sells the data to a
- data broker, the data broker can figure out who the user is.</p>
- </li>
-
- <li><p>A computerized
- vibrator <a
href="https://www.theguardian.com/technology/2016/aug/10/vibrator-phone-app-we-vibe-4-plus-bluetooth-hack">snoops
- on its users through the proprietary control app</a>.</p>
-
- <p>The app reports the temperature of the vibrator minute by
- minute (thus, indirectly, whether it is surrounded by a person's
- body), and the vibration frequency.</p>
+ <li>
+ <p>A computerized vibrator
+ <a
href="https://www.theguardian.com/technology/2016/aug/10/vibrator-phone-app-we-vibe-4-plus-bluetooth-hack">
+ was snooping on its users through the proprietary control
app</a>.</p>
+
+ <p>The app was reporting the temperature of the vibrator minute by
+ minute (thus, indirectly, whether it was surrounded by a person's
+ body), as well as the vibration frequency.</p>
<p>Note the totally inadequate proposed response: a labeling
standard with which manufacturers would make statements about
- their products, rather than free software which users can check
- and change.</p>
- </li></em></ins></span>
+ their products, rather than free software which users could have
+ checked and changed.</p>
+
+ <p>The company that made the vibrator
+ <a
href="https://www.theguardian.com/us-news/2016/sep/14/wevibe-sex-toy-data-collection-chicago-lawsuit">
+ was sued for collecting lots of personal information about how
+ people used it</a>.</p>
+
+ <p>The company's statement that it was anonymizing the data may be
+ true, but it doesn't really matter. If it had sold the data to a
+ data broker, the data broker would have been able to figure out
+ who the user was.</p>
+
+ <p>Following this lawsuit,
+ <a
href="https://www.theguardian.com/technology/2017/mar/14/we-vibe-vibrator-tracking-users-sexual-habits">
+ the company has been ordered to pay a total of C$4m</a>
+ to its customers.</p>
+ </li>
+
+ <li><p> “CloudPets” toys with microphones
+ <a
href="https://www.theguardian.com/technology/2017/feb/28/cloudpets-data-breach-leaks-details-of-500000-children-and-adults">leak
childrens' conversations to the
+ manufacturer</a>. Guess what?
+ <a
href="https://motherboard.vice.com/en_us/article/internet-of-things-teddy-bear-leaked-2-million-parent-and-kids-message-recordings">Crackers
found a way to access the data</a>
+ collected by the manufacturer's snooping.</p>
+
+ <p>That the manufacturer and the FBI could listen to these
conversations
+ was unacceptable by itself.</p></li>
+
<li><p>Barbie
- <a
href="http://www.mirror.co.uk/news/technology-science/technology/wi-fi-spy-barbie-records-childrens-5177673">is
going to spy on children and adults.</a>.</p>
+ <a
href="http://www.mirror.co.uk/news/technology-science/technology/wi-fi-spy-barbie-records-childrens-5177673">is
going to spy on children and adults</a>.</p>
</li>
</ul>
+<!-- #SpywareOnSmartWatches -->
+<!-- WEBMASTERS: make sure to place new items on top under each subsection
-->
+
+<div class="big-section">
+ <h3 id="SpywareOnSmartWatches">Spyware on “Smart”
Watches</h3>
+ <span class="anchor-reference-id">
+ (<a
href="#SpywareOnSmartWatches">#SpywareOnSmartWatches</a>)</span>
+</div>
+<div style="clear: left;"></div>
+
+<ul>
+ <li>
+ <p>An LG “smart” watch is designed
+ <a
href="http://www.huffingtonpost.co.uk/2014/07/09/lg-kizon-smart-watch_n_5570234.html">
+ to report its location to someone else and to transmit
+ conversations too</a>.</p>
+ </li>
+ <li>
+ <p>A very cheap “smart watch” comes with an Android app
+ <a
href="https://www.theregister.co.uk/2016/03/02/chinese_backdoor_found_in_ebays_popular_cheap_smart_watch/">
+ that connects to an unidentified site in China</a>.</p>
+ <p>The article says this is a back door, but that could be a
+ misunderstanding. However, it is certainly surveillance, at
+ least.</p>
+ </li>
+</ul>
+
<!-- #SpywareAtLowLevel -->
<!-- WEBMASTERS: make sure to place new items on top under each subsection
-->
@@ -732,7 +982,7 @@
</div>
<ul>
- <li><p>E-books can contain Javascript code,
+ <li><p>E-books can contain JavaScript code,
and <a
href="http://www.theguardian.com/books/2016/mar/08/men-make-up-their-minds-about-books-faster-than-women-study-finds">sometimes
this code snoops on readers</a>.</p>
</li>
@@ -756,12 +1006,12 @@
</div>
<ul>
-<span class="inserted"><ins><em><li><p>Computerized cars with
nonfree software are
- <a
href="http://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2016-07-12/your-car-s-been-studying-you-closely-and-everyone-wants-the-data">
+<li><p>Computerized cars with nonfree software are
+ <a <span
class="removed"><del><strong>href="http://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2016-07-12/your-car-s-been-studying-you-closely-and-everyone-wants-the-data"></strong></del></span>
<span
class="inserted"><ins><em>href="http://www.thelowdownblog.com/2016/07/your-cars-been-studying-you-closely-and.html"></em></ins></span>
snooping devices</a>.</p>
- </li></em></ins></span>
+ </li>
- <li><p>The Nissan Leaf has a built-in cell phone modem which
allows
+ <li id="nissan-modem"><p>The Nissan Leaf has a built-in cell
phone modem which allows
effectively
anyone <a
href="https://www.troyhunt.com/controlling-vehicle-features-of-nissan/">to
access its computers remotely and make changes in various
@@ -780,7 +1030,7 @@
though.</p>
</li>
- <li><p>Proprietary software in cars
+ <li id="records-drivers"><p>Proprietary software in cars
<a
href="http://www.usatoday.com/story/money/cars/2013/03/24/car-spying-edr-data-privacy/1991751/">records
information about drivers' movements</a>,
which is made available to car manufacturers, insurance companies, and
others.</p>
@@ -811,6 +1061,21 @@
<div style="clear: left;"></div>
<ul>
+ <li><p>Lots of “smart” products are
+ designed <a
href="http://enews.cnet.com/ct/42931641:shoPz52LN:m:1:1509237774:B54C9619E39F7247C0D58117DD1C7E96:r:27417204357610908031812337994022">to
+ listen to everyone in the house, all the time</a>.</p>
+
+ <p>Today's technological practice does not include any way of
+ making a device that can obey your voice commands without
+ potentially spying on you. Even if it is air-gapped, it could be
+ saving up records about you for later examination.</p>
+ </li>
+
+ <li><p>Nest thermometers
+ send <a href="http://bgr.com/2014/07/17/google-nest-jailbreak-hack">a
+ lot of data about the user</a>.</p>
+ </li>
+
<li><p><a
href="http://consumerman.com/Rent-to-own%20giant%20accused%20of%20spying%20on%20its%20customers.htm">
Rent-to-own computers were programmed to spy on their
renters</a>.</p>
</li>
@@ -828,6 +1093,31 @@
before Amazon “smart” TVs.</p>
<ul>
+ <li>
+ <p>Vizio
+ “smart” <a
href="https://www.ftc.gov/news-events/blogs/business-blog/2017/02/what-vizio-was-doing-behind-tv-screen">TVs
+ report everything that is viewed on them, and not just broadcasts
+ and cable</a>. Even if the image is coming from the user's own
+ computer, the TV reports what it is. The existence of a way to
+ disable the surveillance, even if it were not hidden as it was in
+ these TVs, does not legitimize the surveillance.</p>
+ </li>
+
+ <li><p>More or less all “smart” TVs <a
+href="http://www.myce.com/news/reseachers-all-smart-tvs-spy-on-you-sony-monitors-all-channel-switches-72851/">spy
+ on their users</a>.</p>
+
+ <p>The report was as of 2014, but we don't expect this has got
better.</p>
+
+ <p>This shows that laws requiring products to get users' formal
+ consent before collecting personal data are totally inadequate.
+ And what happens if a user declines consent? Probably the TV
+ will say, “Without your consent to tracking, the TV will
+ not work.”</p>
+
+ <p>Proper laws would say that TVs are not allowed to report what
+ the user watches — no exceptions!</p>
+ </li>
<li><p>Vizio goes a step further than other TV manufacturers in
spying on
their users: their <a
href="http://www.propublica.org/article/own-a-vizio-smart-tv-its-watching-you">
“smart” TVs analyze your viewing habits in detail and
@@ -858,7 +1148,7 @@
</li>
<li><p>The Amazon “Smart” TV
<a
href="http://www.theguardian.com/technology/shortcuts/2014/nov/09/amazon-echo-smart-tv-watching-listening-surveillance">is
- watching and listening all the time</a>.</p>
+ snooping all the time</a>.</p>
</li>
<li><p>The Samsung “Smart” TV
<a
href="http://www.consumerreports.org/cro/news/2015/02/who-s-the-third-party-that-samsung-and-lg-smart-tvs-are-sharing-your-voice-data-with/index.htm">transmits
users' voice on the internet to another
@@ -866,6 +1156,11 @@
give it to the US or some other government.</p>
<p>Speech recognition is not to be trusted unless it is done
by free software in your own computer.</p>
+
+ <p>In its privacy policy, Samsung explicitly confirms
+ that <a
href="http://theweek.com/speedreads/538379/samsung-warns-customers-not-discuss-personal-information-front-smart-tvs">voice
+ data containing sensitive information will be transmitted to
+ third parties</a>.</p>
</li>
<li><p>Spyware in
<a
href="http://doctorbeet.blogspot.co.uk/2013/11/lg-smart-tvs-logging-usb-filenames-and.html">
@@ -889,14 +1184,29 @@
</li>
</ul>
-<!-- #SpywareAtPlay -->
+<!-- #SpywareInGames -->
<div class="big-section">
- <h3 id="SpywareAtPlay">Spyware at Play</h3>
- <span class="anchor-reference-id">(<a
href="#SpywareAtPlay">#SpywareAtPlay</a>)</span>
+ <h3 id="SpywareInGames">Spyware in Games</h3>
+ <span class="anchor-reference-id">(<a
href="#SpywareInGames">#SpywareInGames</a>)</span>
</div>
<div style="clear: left;"></div>
<ul>
+ <li><p>nVidia's proprietary GeForce Experience <a
href="http://www.gamersnexus.net/industry/2672-geforce-experience-data-transfer-analysis">makes
+ users identify themselves and then sends personal data about them to
+ nVidia servers</a>.</p>
+ </li>
+
+ <li><p>Angry Birds
+ <a
href="http://www.nytimes.com/2014/01/28/world/spy-agencies-scour-phone-apps-for-personal-data.html">
+ spies for companies, and the NSA takes advantage to spy through it
too</a>.
+ Here's information on
+ <a
href="http://confabulator.blogspot.com/2012/11/analysis-of-what-information-angry.html">
+ more spyware apps</a>.</p>
+ <p><a
href="http://www.propublica.org/article/spy-agencies-probe-angry-birds-and-other-apps-for-personal-data">
+ More about NSA app spying</a>.</p>
+ </li>
+
<li><p>Many
<a
href="http://www.thestar.com/news/canada/2015/12/29/how-much-data-are-video-games-collecting-about-you.html/">
video game consoles snoop on their users and report to the
@@ -924,6 +1234,30 @@
</li>
</ul>
+<!-- #SpywareAtRecreation -->
+<div class="big-section">
+ <h3 id="SpywareAtRecreation">Spyware at Recreation</h3>
+ <span class="anchor-reference-id">
+ (<a
href="#SpywareAtRecreation">#SpywareAtRecreation</a>)</span>
+</div>
+<div style="clear: left;"></div>
+
+<ul>
+ <li><p>Users are suing Bose for
+ <a
href="https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/the-switch/wp/2017/04/19/bose-headphones-have-been-spying-on-their-customers-lawsuit-claims/">
+ distributing a spyware app for its headphones</a>.
+ Specifically, the app would record the names of the audio files
+ users listen to along with the headphone's unique serial number.
+ </p>
+ <p>The suit accuses that this was done without the users' consent.
+ If the fine print of the app said that users gave consent for this,
+ would that make it acceptable? No way! It should be flat out
+ <a href="/philosophy/surveillance-vs-democracy.html">
+ illegal to design the app to snoop at all</a>.
+ </p>
+ </li>
+</ul>
+
<!-- #SpywareOnTheWeb -->
<div class="big-section">
@@ -939,6 +1273,24 @@
but the surveillance is an abuse all the same.</p>
<ul>
+ <li><p>Many web sites use JavaScript
+ code <a
href="http://gizmodo.com/before-you-hit-submit-this-company-has-already-logge-1795906081">to
+ snoop on information that users have typed into a form but not
+ sent</a>.</p>
+ </li>
+
+ <li><p>When a page uses Disqus for
+ comments, <a
href="https://blog.dantup.com/2017/01/visiting-a-site-that-uses-disqus-comments-when-not-logged-in-sends-the-url-to-facebook">the
+ proprietary Disqus software loads a Facebook software package into
+ the browser of every anonymous visitor to the page, and makes the
+ page's URL available to Facebook</a>.
+ </p></li>
+
+ <li><p>Online sales, with tracking and surveillance of
customers, <a
href="https://www.theguardian.com/commentisfree/2016/dec/06/cookie-monsters-why-your-browsing-history-could-mean-rip-off-prices">enables
+ businesses to show different people different prices</a>. Most
+ of the tracking is done by recording interactions with
+ servers, but proprietary software contributes.</p>
+ </li>
<li><p><a
href="http://japandailypress.com/government-warns-agencies-against-using-chinas-baidu-application-after-data-transmissions-discovered-2741553/">
Baidu's Japanese-input and Chinese-input apps spy on
users.</a></p>
@@ -980,6 +1332,22 @@
</div>
<ul>
+ <li><p>Google Chrome
+ <a
href="https://www.brad-x.com/2013/08/04/google-chrome-is-spyware/">
+ spies on browser history, affiliations</a>,
+ and other installed software.
+ </p>
+ </li>
+ <li><p>Google Chrome contains a key logger that
+ <a
href="http://www.favbrowser.com/google-chrome-spyware-confirmed/">
+ sends Google every URL typed in</a>, one key at a time.</p>
+ </li>
+
+ <li><p>Google Chrome includes a module that
+ <a
href="https://www.privateinternetaccess.com/blog/2015/06/google-chrome-listening-in-to-your-room-shows-the-importance-of-privacy-defense-in-depth/">
+ activates microphones and transmits audio to its
servers</a>.</p>
+ </li>
+
<li><p>Google Chrome makes it easy for an extension to do <a
href="https://labs.detectify.com/2015/07/28/how-i-disabled-your-chrome-security-extensions/">total
snooping on the user's browsing</a>, and many of them do
so.</p>
@@ -1004,11 +1372,26 @@
</li>
</ul>
-<p><a href="/philosophy/javascript-trap.html">Javascript
code</a>
+<p><a href="/philosophy/javascript-trap.html">JavaScript
code</a>
is another method of “fingerprinting” devices.</p>
-<!-- #SpywareEverywhere -->
+<!-- <span class="inserted"><ins><em>#SpywareInDrones -->
+<div class="big-section">
+ <h3 id="SpywareInDrones">Spyware in Drones</h3>
+ <span class="anchor-reference-id">(<a
href="#SpywareInDrones">#SpywareInDrones</a>)</span>
+</div>
+<div style="clear: left;"></div>
+
+<ul>
+ <li>
+ <p>While you're using a DJI drone to snoop on other people, DJI is
in many
+ cases <a
href="https://www.theverge.com/2017/8/4/16095244/us-army-stop-using-dji-drones-cybersecurity">snooping
on you</a>.</p>
+ </li>
+</ul>
+
+
+<!--</em></ins></span> #SpywareEverywhere -->
<div class="big-section">
<h3 id="SpywareEverywhere">Spyware Everywhere</h3>
<span class="anchor-reference-id">(<a
href="#SpywareEverywhere">#SpywareEverywhere</a>)</span>
@@ -1028,6 +1411,28 @@
</li>
</ul>
+<!-- #SpywareInVR -->
+<div class="big-section">
+ <h3 id="SpywareInVR">Spyware In VR</h3>
+ <span class="anchor-reference-id">(<a
href="#SpywareInVR">#SpywareInVR</a>)</span>
+</div>
+<div style="clear: left;"></div>
+
+<ul>
+ <li><p>VR equipment, measuring every slight motion, creates the
+ potential for the most intimate surveillance ever. All it takes
+ to make this potential
+ real <a
href="https://theintercept.com/2016/12/23/virtual-reality-allows-the-most-detailed-intimate-digital-surveillance-yet/">is
+ software as malicious as many other programs listed in this
+ page</a>.</p>
+
+ <p>You can bet Facebook will implement the maximum possible
+ surveillance on Oculus Rift devices. The moral is, never trust a
+ VR system with nonfree software in it.</p>
+ </li>
+</ul>
+
+
</div><!-- for id="content", starts in the include above -->
<!--#include virtual="/server/footer.html" -->
<div id="footer">
@@ -1075,7 +1480,7 @@
There is more detail about copyright years in the GNU Maintainers
Information document, www.gnu.org/prep/maintain. -->
-<p>Copyright © 2015, 2016 Free Software Foundation, Inc.</p>
+<p>Copyright © 2015, 2016, 2017 Free Software Foundation,
Inc.</p>
<p>This page is licensed under a <a rel="license"
href="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nd/4.0/">Creative
@@ -1085,7 +1490,7 @@
<p class="unprintable">Updated:
<!-- timestamp start -->
-$Date: 2016/09/29 23:58:49 $
+$Date: 2017/10/06 15:58:56 $
<!-- timestamp end -->
</p>
</div>
Index: philosophy/po/free-sw.sr-en.html
===================================================================
RCS file: philosophy/po/free-sw.sr-en.html
diff -N philosophy/po/free-sw.sr-en.html
--- /dev/null 1 Jan 1970 00:00:00 -0000
+++ philosophy/po/free-sw.sr-en.html 6 Oct 2017 15:58:55 -0000 1.1
@@ -0,0 +1,613 @@
+<!--#include virtual="/server/header.html" -->
+<!-- Parent-Version: 1.79 -->
+<title>What is free software?
+- GNU Project - Free Software Foundation</title>
+
+<meta http-equiv="Keywords" content="GNU, FSF, Free Software Foundation,
Linux, Emacs, GCC, Unix, Free Software, Operating System, GNU Kernel, HURD, GNU
HURD, Hurd" />
+<meta http-equiv="Description" content="Since 1983, developing the free Unix
style operating system GNU, so that computer users can have the freedom to
share and improve the software they use." />
+
+<!--#include virtual="/philosophy/po/free-sw.translist" -->
+<!--#include virtual="/server/banner.html" -->
+
+<h2>What is free software?</h2>
+
+<blockquote class="note" id="fsf-licensing"><p style="font-size: 80%">
+Have a question about free software licensing not answered here?
+See our other <a href="http://www.fsf.org/licensing">licensing resources</a>,
+and if necessary contact the FSF Compliance Lab
+at <a href="mailto:address@hidden">address@hidden</a>.</p>
+</blockquote>
+
+<h3>The Free Software Definition</h3>
+
+<blockquote>
+<p>
+The free software definition presents the criteria for whether a
+particular software program qualifies as free software. From time to
+time we revise this definition, to clarify it or to resolve questions
+about subtle issues. See the <a href="#History">History section</a>
+below for a list of changes that affect the definition of free
+software.
+</p>
+</blockquote>
+
+<p>
+“Free software” means software that respects users'
+freedom and community. Roughly, it means that <b>the users have the
+freedom to run, copy, distribute, study, change and improve the
+software</b>. Thus, “free software” is a matter of
+liberty, not price. To understand the concept, you should think of
+“free” as in “free speech,” not as in
+“free beer”. We sometimes call it “libre
+software,” borrowing the French or Spanish word for
+“free” as in freedom, to show we do not mean the software
+is gratis.
+</p>
+
+<p>
+We campaign for these freedoms because everyone deserves them. With
+these freedoms, the users (both individually and collectively) control
+the program and what it does for them. When users don't control the
+program, we call it a “nonfree” or
+“proprietary” program. The nonfree program controls the
+users, and the developer controls the program; this makes the
+program <a href="/philosophy/free-software-even-more-important.html">
+an instrument of unjust power</a>.
+</p>
+
+<h4> The four essential freedoms</h4>
+
+<p>
+A program is free software if the program's users have the
+four essential freedoms:
+</p>
+
+<ul>
+ <li>The freedom to run the program as you wish,
+ for any purpose (freedom 0).</li>
+ <li>The freedom to study how the program works, and change it so it
+ does your computing as you wish (freedom 1). Access to the source
+ code is a precondition for this.
+ </li>
+ <li>The freedom to redistribute copies so you can help your neighbor
+ (freedom 2).
+ </li>
+ <li>The freedom to distribute copies of your modified versions
+ to others (freedom 3). By doing this you can give the whole
+ community a chance to benefit from your changes.
+ Access to the source code is a precondition for this.
+ </li>
+</ul>
+
+<p>
+A program is free software if it gives users adequately all of these
+freedoms. Otherwise, it is nonfree. While we can distinguish various
+nonfree distribution schemes in terms of how far they fall short of
+being free, we consider them all equally unethical.</p>
+
+<p>In any given scenario, these freedoms must apply to whatever code
+we plan to make use of, or lead others to make use of. For instance,
+consider a program A which automatically launches a program B to
+handle some cases. If we plan to distribute A as it stands, that
+implies users will need B, so we need to judge whether both A and B
+are free. However, if we plan to modify A so that it doesn't use B,
+only A needs to be free; B is not pertinent to that plan.</p>
+
+<p>
+“Free software” does not mean “noncommercial”. A free
+program must be available for commercial use, commercial development,
+and commercial distribution. Commercial development of free software
+is no longer unusual; such free commercial software is very important.
+You may have paid money to get copies of free software, or you may have
+obtained copies at no charge. But regardless of how you got your copies,
+you always have the freedom to copy and change the software, even to
+<a href="/philosophy/selling.html">sell copies</a>.
+</p>
+
+<p>The rest of this page clarifies certain points about what makes
+specific freedoms adequate or not.</p>
+
+<h4>The freedom to run the program as you wish</h4>
+
+<p>
+The freedom to run the program means the freedom for any kind of person
+or organization to use it on any kind of computer system, for any kind of
+overall job and purpose, without being required to communicate about it
+with the developer or any other specific entity. In this freedom, it is
+the <em>user's</em> purpose that matters, not the <em>developer's</em>
+purpose; you as a user are free to run the program for your purposes,
+and if you distribute it to someone else, she is then free to run it
+for her purposes, but you are not entitled to impose your purposes on her.
+</p>
+
+<p>
+The freedom to run the program as you wish means that you are not
+forbidden or stopped from making it run. This has nothing to do with what
+functionality the program has, whether it is technically capable of
+functioning in any given environment, or whether it is useful for any
+particular computing activity.</p>
+
+<h4>The freedom to study the source code and make changes</h4>
+
+<p>
+In order for freedoms 1 and 3 (the freedom to make changes and the
+freedom to publish the changed versions) to be meaningful, you must have
+access to the source code of the program. Therefore, accessibility of
+source code is a necessary condition for free software. Obfuscated
+“source code” is not real source code and does not count
+as source code.
+</p>
+
+<p>
+Freedom 1 includes the freedom to use your changed version in place of
+the original. If the program is delivered in a product designed to
+run someone else's modified versions but refuse to run yours — a
+practice known as “tivoization” or “lockdown”,
+or (in its practitioners' perverse terminology) as “secure
+boot” — freedom 1 becomes an empty pretense rather than a
+practical reality. These binaries are not free
+software even if the source code they are compiled from is free.
+</p>
+
+<p>
+One important way to modify a program is by merging in available free
+subroutines and modules. If the program's license says that you
+cannot merge in a suitably licensed existing module — for instance, if it
+requires you to be the copyright holder of any code you add — then the
+license is too restrictive to qualify as free.
+</p>
+
+<p>
+Whether a change constitutes an improvement is a subjective matter.
+If your right to modify a program is limited, in substance, to changes that
+someone else considers an improvement, that program is not free.
+</p>
+
+<h4>The freedom to redistribute if you wish: basic requirements</h4>
+
+<p>Freedom to distribute (freedoms 2 and 3) means you are free to
+redistribute copies, either with or without modifications, either
+gratis or charging a fee for distribution, to
+<a href="#exportcontrol">anyone anywhere</a>. Being free to do these
+things means (among other things) that you do not have to ask or pay
+for permission to do so.
+</p>
+
+<p>
+You should also have the freedom to make modifications and use them
+privately in your own work or play, without even mentioning that they
+exist. If you do publish your changes, you should not be required to
+notify anyone in particular, or in any particular way.
+</p>
+
+<p>
+Freedom 3 includes the freedom to release your modified versions
+as free software. A free license may also permit other ways of
+releasing them; in other words, it does not have to be
+a <a href="/copyleft/copyleft.html">copyleft</a> license. However, a
+license that requires modified versions to be nonfree does not qualify
+as a free license.
+</p>
+
+<p>
+The freedom to redistribute copies must include binary or executable
+forms of the program, as well as source code, for both modified and
+unmodified versions. (Distributing programs in runnable form is necessary
+for conveniently installable free operating systems.) It is OK if there
+is no way to produce a binary or executable form for a certain program
+(since some languages don't support that feature), but you must have the
+freedom to redistribute such forms should you find or develop a way to
+make them.
+</p>
+
+<h4>Copyleft</h4>
+
+<p>
+Certain kinds of rules about the manner of distributing free
+software are acceptable, when they don't conflict with the central
+freedoms. For example, <a href="/copyleft/copyleft.html">copyleft</a>
+(very simply stated) is the rule that when redistributing the program,
+you cannot add restrictions to deny other people the central freedoms.
+This rule does not conflict with the central freedoms; rather it
+protects them.
+</p>
+
+<p>
+In the GNU project, we use copyleft to protect the four freedoms
+legally for everyone. We believe there are important reasons why
+<a href="/philosophy/pragmatic.html">it is better to use
+copyleft</a>. However,
+<a href="/philosophy/categories.html#Non-CopyleftedFreeSoftware">
+noncopylefted free software</a> is ethical
+too. See <a href="/philosophy/categories.html">Categories of Free
+Software</a> for a description of how “free software,”
+“copylefted software” and other categories of software
+relate to each other.
+</p>
+
+<h4>Rules about packaging and distribution details</h4>
+
+<p>
+Rules about how to package a modified version are acceptable,
+if they don't substantively limit your freedom to release modified
+versions, or your freedom to make and use modified versions privately.
+Thus, it is acceptable for the license to require that you change the
+name of the modified version, remove a logo, or identify your
+modifications as yours. As long as these requirements are not so
+burdensome that they effectively hamper you from releasing your
+changes, they are acceptable; you're already making other changes to
+the program, so you won't have trouble making a few more.
+</p>
+
+<p>
+Rules that “if you make your version available in this way, you
+must make it available in that way also” can be acceptable too,
+on the same condition. An example of such an acceptable rule is one
+saying that if you have distributed a
+modified version and a previous developer asks for a copy of it, you
+must send one. (Note that such a rule still leaves you the choice of
+whether to distribute your version at all.) Rules that require release
+of source code to the users for versions that you put into public use
+are also acceptable.
+</p>
+
+<p>
+A special issue arises when a license requires changing the name by
+which the program will be invoked from other programs. That
+effectively hampers you from releasing your changed version so that it
+can replace the original when invoked by those other programs. This
+sort of requirement is acceptable only if there's a suitable aliasing
+facility that allows you to specify the original program's name as an
+alias for the modified version.</p>
+
+<h4>Export regulations</h4>
+
+<p>
+Sometimes government <a id="exportcontrol">export control regulations</a>
+and trade sanctions can constrain your freedom to distribute copies of
+programs internationally. Software developers do not have the power to
+eliminate or override these restrictions, but what they can and must do
+is refuse to impose them as conditions of use of the program. In this
+way, the restrictions will not affect activities and people outside the
+jurisdictions of these governments. Thus, free software licenses
+must not require obedience to any nontrivial export regulations as a
+condition of exercising any of the essential freedoms.
+</p>
+
+<p>
+Merely mentioning the existence of export regulations, without making
+them a condition of the license itself, is acceptable since it does
+not restrict users. If an export regulation is actually trivial for
+free software, then requiring it as a condition is not an actual
+problem; however, it is a potential problem, since a later change in
+export law could make the requirement nontrivial and thus render the
+software nonfree.
+</p>
+
+<h4>Legal considerations</h4>
+
+<p>
+In order for these freedoms to be real, they must be permanent and
+irrevocable as long as you do nothing wrong; if the developer of the
+software has the power to revoke the license, or retroactively add
+restrictions to its terms, without your doing anything wrong to give
+cause, the software is not free.
+</p>
+
+<p>
+A free license may not require compliance with the license of a
+nonfree program. Thus, for instance, if a license requires you to
+comply with the licenses of “all the programs you use”, in
+the case of a user that runs nonfree programs this would require
+compliance with the licenses of those nonfree programs; that makes the
+license nonfree.
+</p>
+
+<p>
+It is acceptable for a free license to specify which jurisdiction's
+law applies, or where litigation must be done, or both.
+</p>
+
+<h4>Contract-based licenses</h4>
+
+<p>
+Most free software licenses are based on copyright, and there are limits
+on what kinds of requirements can be imposed through copyright. If a
+copyright-based license respects freedom in the ways described above, it
+is unlikely to have some other sort of problem that we never anticipated
+(though this does happen occasionally). However, some free software
+licenses are based on contracts, and contracts can impose a much larger
+range of possible restrictions. That means there are many possible ways
+such a license could be unacceptably restrictive and nonfree.
+</p>
+
+<p>
+We can't possibly list all the ways that might happen. If a
+contract-based license restricts the user in an unusual way that
+copyright-based licenses cannot, and which isn't mentioned here as
+legitimate, we will have to think about it, and we will probably conclude
+it is nonfree.
+</p>
+
+<h4>Use the right words when talking about free software</h4>
+
+<p>
+When talking about free software, it is best to avoid using terms
+like “give away” or “for free,” because those terms
imply that
+the issue is about price, not freedom. Some common terms such
+as “piracy” embody opinions we hope you won't endorse. See
+<a href="/philosophy/words-to-avoid.html">Confusing Words and Phrases that
+are Worth Avoiding</a> for a discussion of these terms. We also have
+a list of proper <a href="/philosophy/fs-translations.html">translations of
+“free software”</a> into various languages.
+</p>
+
+<h4>How we interpret these criteria</h4>
+
+<p>
+Finally, note that criteria such as those stated in this free software
+definition require careful thought for their interpretation. To decide
+whether a specific software license qualifies as a free software license,
+we judge it based on these criteria to determine whether it fits their
+spirit as well as the precise words. If a license includes unconscionable
+restrictions, we reject it, even if we did not anticipate the issue
+in these criteria. Sometimes a license requirement raises an issue
+that calls for extensive thought, including discussions with a lawyer,
+before we can decide if the requirement is acceptable. When we reach
+a conclusion about a new issue, we often update these criteria to make
+it easier to see why certain licenses do or don't qualify.
+</p>
+
+<h4>Get help with free licenses</h4>
+
+<p>
+If you are interested in whether a specific license qualifies as a free
+software license, see our <a href="/licenses/license-list.html">list
+of licenses</a>. If the license you are concerned with is not
+listed there, you can ask us about it by sending us email at
+<a href="mailto:address@hidden"><address@hidden></a>.
+</p>
+
+<p>
+If you are contemplating writing a new license, please contact the
+Free Software Foundation first by writing to that address. The
+proliferation of different free software licenses means increased work
+for users in understanding the licenses; we may be able to help you
+find an existing free software license that meets your needs.
+</p>
+
+<p>
+If that isn't possible, if you really need a new license, with our
+help you can ensure that the license really is a free software license
+and avoid various practical problems.
+</p>
+
+<h3 id="beyond-software">Beyond Software</h3>
+
+<p>
+<a href="/philosophy/free-doc.html">Software manuals must be free</a>,
+for the same reasons that software must be free, and because the
+manuals are in effect part of the software.
+</p>
+
+<p>
+The same arguments also make sense for other kinds of works of
+practical use — that is to say, works that embody useful knowledge,
+such as educational works and reference
+works. <a href="http://wikipedia.org">Wikipedia</a> is the best-known
+example.
+</p>
+
+<p>
+Any kind of work <em>can</em> be free, and the definition of free software
+has been extended to a definition of <a href="http://freedomdefined.org/">
+free cultural works</a> applicable to any kind of works.
+</p>
+
+<h3 id="open-source">Open Source?</h3>
+
+<p>
+Another group uses the term “open source” to mean
+something close (but not identical) to “free software”. We
+prefer the term “free software” because, once you have heard that
+it refers to freedom rather than price, it calls to mind freedom. The
+word “open” <a
href="/philosophy/open-source-misses-the-point.html">
+never refers to freedom</a>.
+</p>
+
+<h3 id="History">History</h3>
+
+<p>From time to time we revise this Free Software Definition. Here is
+the list of substantive changes, along with links to show exactly what
+was changed.</p>
+
+<ul>
+
+<li><a
href="http://web.cvs.savannah.gnu.org/viewvc/www/philosophy/free-sw.html?root=www&r1=1.152&r2=1.153">Version
+1.153</a>: Clarify that freedom to run the program means nothing stops
+you from making it run.</li>
+
+<li><a
href="http://web.cvs.savannah.gnu.org/viewvc/www/philosophy/free-sw.html?root=www&r1=1.140&r2=1.141">Version
+1.141</a>: Clarify which code needs to be free.</li>
+
+<li><a
href="http://web.cvs.savannah.gnu.org/viewvc/www/philosophy/free-sw.html?root=www&r1=1.134&r2=1.135">Version
+1.135</a>: Say each time that freedom 0 is the freedom to run the program
+as you wish.</li>
+
+<li><a
href="http://web.cvs.savannah.gnu.org/viewvc/www/philosophy/free-sw.html?root=www&r1=1.133&r2=1.134">Version
+1.134</a>: Freedom 0 is not a matter of the program's functionality.</li>
+
+<li><a
href="http://web.cvs.savannah.gnu.org/viewvc/www/philosophy/free-sw.html?root=www&r1=1.130&r2=1.131">Version
+1.131</a>: A free license may not require compliance with a nonfree license
+of another program.</li>
+
+<li><a
href="http://web.cvs.savannah.gnu.org/viewvc/www/philosophy/free-sw.html?root=www&r1=1.128&r2=1.129">Version
+1.129</a>: State explicitly that choice of law and choice of forum
+specifications are allowed. (This was always our policy.)</li>
+
+<li><a
href="http://web.cvs.savannah.gnu.org/viewvc/www/philosophy/free-sw.html?root=www&r1=1.121&r2=1.122">Version
+1.122</a>: An export control requirement is a real problem if the
+requirement is nontrivial; otherwise it is only a potential problem.</li>
+
+<li><a
href="http://web.cvs.savannah.gnu.org/viewvc/www/philosophy/free-sw.html?root=www&r1=1.117&r2=1.118">Version
+1.118</a>: Clarification: the issue is limits on your right to modify,
+not on what modifications you have made. And modifications are not limited
+to “improvements”</li>
+
+<li><a
href="http://web.cvs.savannah.gnu.org/viewvc/www/philosophy/free-sw.html?root=www&r1=1.110&r2=1.111">Version
+1.111</a>: Clarify 1.77 by saying that only
+retroactive <em>restrictions</em> are unacceptable. The copyright
+holders can always grant additional <em>permission</em> for use of the
+work by releasing the work in another way in parallel.</li>
+
+<li><a
href="http://web.cvs.savannah.gnu.org/viewvc/www/philosophy/free-sw.html?root=www&r1=1.104&r2=1.105">Version
+1.105</a>: Reflect, in the brief statement of freedom 1, the point
+(already stated in version 1.80) that it includes really using your modified
+version for your computing.</li>
+
+<li><a
href="http://web.cvs.savannah.gnu.org/viewvc/www/philosophy/free-sw.html?root=www&r1=1.91&r2=1.92">Version
+1.92</a>: Clarify that obfuscated code does not qualify as source code.</li>
+
+<li><a
href="http://web.cvs.savannah.gnu.org/viewvc/www/philosophy/free-sw.html?root=www&r1=1.89&r2=1.90">Version
+1.90</a>: Clarify that freedom 3 means the right to distribute copies
+of your own modified or improved version, not a right to participate
+in someone else's development project.</li>
+
+<li><a
href="http://web.cvs.savannah.gnu.org/viewvc/www/philosophy/free-sw.html?root=www&r1=1.88&r2=1.89">Version
+1.89</a>: Freedom 3 includes the right to release modified versions as
+free software.</li>
+
+<li><a
href="http://web.cvs.savannah.gnu.org/viewvc/www/philosophy/free-sw.html?root=www&r1=1.79&r2=1.80">Version
+1.80</a>: Freedom 1 must be practical, not just theoretical;
+i.e., no tivoization.</li>
+
+<li><a
href="http://web.cvs.savannah.gnu.org/viewvc/www/philosophy/free-sw.html?root=www&r1=1.76&r2=1.77">Version
+1.77</a>: Clarify that all retroactive changes to the license are
+unacceptable, even if it's not described as a complete
+replacement.</li>
+
+<li><a
href="http://web.cvs.savannah.gnu.org/viewvc/www/philosophy/free-sw.html?root=www&r1=1.73&r2=1.74">Version
+1.74</a>: Four clarifications of points not explicit enough, or stated
+in some places but not reflected everywhere:
+<ul>
+<li>"Improvements" does not mean the license can
+substantively limit what kinds of modified versions you can release.
+Freedom 3 includes distributing modified versions, not just changes.</li>
+<li>The right to merge in existing modules
+refers to those that are suitably licensed.</li>
+<li>Explicitly state the conclusion of the point about export controls.</li>
+<li>Imposing a license change constitutes revoking the old license.</li>
+</ul>
+</li>
+
+<li><a
href="http://web.cvs.savannah.gnu.org/viewvc/www/philosophy/free-sw.html?root=www&r1=1.56&r2=1.57">Version
+1.57</a>: Add "Beyond Software" section.</li>
+
+<li><a
href="http://web.cvs.savannah.gnu.org/viewvc/www/philosophy/free-sw.html?root=www&r1=1.45&r2=1.46">Version
+1.46</a>: Clarify whose purpose is significant in the freedom to run
+the program for any purpose.</li>
+
+<li><a
href="http://web.cvs.savannah.gnu.org/viewvc/www/philosophy/free-sw.html?root=www&r1=1.40&r2=1.41">Version
+1.41</a>: Clarify wording about contract-based licenses.</li>
+
+<li><a
href="http://web.cvs.savannah.gnu.org/viewvc/www/philosophy/free-sw.html?root=www&r1=1.39&r2=1.40">Version
+1.40</a>: Explain that a free license must allow to you use other
+available free software to create your modifications.</li>
+
+<li><a
href="http://web.cvs.savannah.gnu.org/viewvc/www/philosophy/free-sw.html?root=www&r1=1.38&r2=1.39">Version
+1.39</a>: Note that it is acceptable for a license to require you to
+provide source for versions of the software you put into public
+use.</li>
+
+<li><a
href="http://web.cvs.savannah.gnu.org/viewvc/www/philosophy/free-sw.html?root=www&r1=1.30&r2=1.31">Version
+1.31</a>: Note that it is acceptable for a license to require you to
+identify yourself as the author of modifications. Other minor
+clarifications throughout the text.</li>
+
+<li><a
href="http://web.cvs.savannah.gnu.org/viewvc/www/philosophy/free-sw.html?root=www&r1=1.22&r2=1.23">Version
+1.23</a>: Address potential problems related to contract-based
+licenses.</li>
+
+<li><a
href="http://web.cvs.savannah.gnu.org/viewvc/www/philosophy/free-sw.html?root=www&r1=1.15&r2=1.16">Version
+1.16</a>: Explain why distribution of binaries is important.</li>
+
+<li><a
href="http://web.cvs.savannah.gnu.org/viewvc/www/philosophy/free-sw.html?root=www&r1=1.10&r2=1.11">Version
+1.11</a>: Note that a free license may require you to send a copy of
+versions you distribute to previous developers on request.</li>
+
+</ul>
+
+<p>There are gaps in the version numbers shown above because there are
+other changes in this page that do not affect the definition or its
+interpretations. For instance, the list does not include changes in
+asides, formatting, spelling, punctuation, or other parts of the page.
+You can review the complete list of changes to the page through
+the <a
href="http://web.cvs.savannah.gnu.org/viewvc/www/philosophy/free-sw.html?root=www&view=log">cvsweb
+interface</a>.</p>
+
+
+</div><!-- for id="content", starts in the include above -->
+<!--#include virtual="/server/footer.html" -->
+<div id="footer">
+<div class="unprintable">
+
+<p>Please send general FSF & GNU inquiries to
+<a href="mailto:address@hidden"><address@hidden></a>.
+There are also <a href="/contact/">other ways to contact</a>
+the FSF. Broken links and other corrections or suggestions can be sent
+to <a href="mailto:address@hidden"><address@hidden></a>.</p>
+
+<p><!-- TRANSLATORS: Ignore the original text in this paragraph,
+ replace it with the translation of these two:
+
+ We work hard and do our best to provide accurate, good quality
+ translations. However, we are not exempt from imperfection.
+ Please send your comments and general suggestions in this regard
+ to <a href="mailto:address@hidden">
+ <address@hidden></a>.</p>
+
+ <p>For information on coordinating and submitting translations of
+ our web pages, see <a
+ href="/server/standards/README.translations.html">Translations
+ README</a>. -->
+Please see the <a
+href="/server/standards/README.translations.html">Translations
+README</a> for information on coordinating and submitting translations
+of this article.</p>
+</div>
+
+<!-- Regarding copyright, in general, standalone pages (as opposed to
+ files generated as part of manuals) on the GNU web server should
+ be under CC BY-ND 4.0. Please do NOT change or remove this
+ without talking with the webmasters or licensing team first.
+ Please make sure the copyright date is consistent with the
+ document. For web pages, it is ok to list just the latest year the
+ document was modified, or published.
+
+ If you wish to list earlier years, that is ok too.
+ Either "2001, 2002, 2003" or "2001-2003" are ok for specifying
+ years, as long as each year in the range is in fact a copyrightable
+ year, i.e., a year in which the document was published (including
+ being publicly visible on the web or in a revision control system).
+
+ There is more detail about copyright years in the GNU Maintainers
+ Information document, www.gnu.org/prep/maintain. -->
+
+<p>Copyright © 1996, 2002, 2004-2007, 2009-2017
+Free Software Foundation, Inc.</p>
+
+<p>This page is licensed under a <a rel="license"
+href="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nd/4.0/">Creative
+Commons Attribution-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License</a>.</p>
+
+<!--#include virtual="/server/bottom-notes.html" -->
+
+<p class="unprintable">Updated:
+<!-- timestamp start -->
+$Date: 2017/10/06 15:58:55 $
+<!-- timestamp end -->
+</p>
+</div>
+</div>
+</body>
+</html>
[Prev in Thread] |
Current Thread |
[Next in Thread] |
- www education/edu-software-tuxpaint.zh-cn.html ...,
GNUN <=